N SS ru NW ANN vs AX. t4 A uma mna tere SS EAM DAY 2 Xs S S id S RSS PY AMAT A4. wet » f Out. e bee. ORO EFL E Wn mee Lt c a me : ; ones z "s Xx à TS LT ie hg is DO s Pere LO Natural History Museum Libra 000163689 V " A LS = L4 : | ( \ - / ; x * S : e : | - : ; * E. . - ^ 1 : 2 = : LÀ : : : » Y : \ : : -— F : = s : ue r = | | . z : 2 \ E A 4 | F d =. > 1 : : i E - jo | | ees 4 : : pow : : : EN cs = 3 a : : ; ES EET 4 3 M 3 = , zd \ E | -— : = x xs a J ; - E =e ae = * : : á : LEA? z L. \ "0 e : mu tr PHILOSOPHICAL] | TRANSACTIONS: || Giving fome - ui ACCOUNT | OF THE 5] E E. Undertakings, $ irm and Labours | FP OF THE L| INGENIOUS, do many L| Confiderabl Parts of the World. | |. E : ue V OD. XX. por the gra NON : | £.0,N ION - | [Printed for S. Sith and B. Welford, Printers to the =| | © Royal Society, at the Prince's Arms in St. Paus | | B. Church- “yard. MDC XCIX. | | | 9. = Tor T m NE \ mo Tod ‘ 5 i LM ee a.i prc ag gy leone Es lee iac Rp vet d — —B— — — Uc 144 WC GOV. GEMMMEMWNMEROS 70 cR ng RO a a Y - — MM ——s , = 4 : To the Right Honourable E JOHN Lord SOMMERS Z | Lord High Chancellor of England, Prefident of the Rorar Society: Aad to the Council and Fellows Of the faid ROYAL SOCIETY Carey eer oe me a FOR THE Rl eancoaient of Natural Knowledge. 2 This Twentieth Volume OF THE PurLosoPHICAL TRANSACTIONS As humbly Dedicated By Han: Sloane, 5. KR. Secr. | “WY HE Honourable the Za/t-Judia Company, having received from Mr. Samuel Browne, a Phyfician who has liv'd Seventeen) Years in their Service at Fort- St.George, or Madaras, in the EaSt-Indies, a very con- fiderable Colle&ion of «dried Specimens or Samples of Plants, Fruits, and-Drugs ; together withan Account of his Obfervations: of the Ufes of them, ‘by the Natives and others of thofe Parts, both in Phyfick, Dying, ©c, have very generoufly and for the Publick Good, preferited them to the Royal Society of London for ims proving Natural Knowledge : Who confidering the great Ufe and Improvement may be made of {uch Colle&ions, have ordered that the Publick fhall have, the Benefit of this Prefent, by receiving the whole Account that came : ‘with them, from time to time in tnefe Papers, and by taking care that the things themfelves fhall be preferved from Corruption in their Repofitory, where recourfe may be had to them by the curious, fo foon as they are put into fuch.a Condition; as'not to fuffer by being handled. ] ; ANB 17 ^ PHILOS — s a ria ll o “(4)” Numb. 236. Beginning — i1. the seth Volume. - - PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. —— —— —L—————— For the Month of January, 1698. — The CONTENTS. 4 LI. Part of a Letter of Mr. Will Derham, Reéfor of Upminfter, $ - dated Dec. 6. 1697. Giving an Account of (ome Experiments 2 about the Heigbtb of the Mercury. in the Barometer, at 4 Top and Bottom of the Monument: and about Portable Baro- E meters. 1l. A Letter. from Dr. Wallis of Jan. 11. 1693. : To Dr. Sloane, concerning the Effects of @ great Storm of Thunder ' and Lightning at Everdon iz Northamptonfhire, E (wherein divers Per[oms were killed) on July 27. 1691. Ul. S - Some additional Remarks ow the Extratting the Stone of the T - Bladder out of thofe of tbe Female Sex. By Thomas Moly- PA reux, M. D. S.R.S. IV. Eclipfis Lunaris Obfervatio, Lo fada Roterodami die 29. OGobris Anni 1697. N.S. A Fa- - cobo Caffini, R. Ac. Parifienfis Socio. V. An Account of a Book, Entituled, Hortus Medicus Amftelodamenfis, /ve "Plantarum tam Orientalis quam Occidentalis Indiz cliarum- que peregrinarum Deicriptio & Icones. Autore Joanne Com- melino Urbis Amftelod. (dam viverit) Senatore. Et latini- tate donatum, Notis G Obfervationibus illuftratum a Frederi- co Ruyíchio, JZ D. Botan. Profe]. Gc. c Francifco Kigselario, Amt. 1697. Fpl. And to be fold by S. Smith, and B. Walford, i» St. Paul’s Church-Yard. With many ad- ditional Remarks by James Petiver, Fellow of the Royal Society. | BW A Pare. J. Part of a Letter of Mr. William Derham, Rector of Upminfter, dated Dec. 6. 1697. Giving an Account of fome Experiments about the Heigbtb of the Mercury in the Barometer, at Yop and Bottom of tbe Monument : and about portable Barometers. “4 OME time fince, I had occafion to fatisfy my Curi- Srp, ofity, concerning the Variation of the Mercury on C different heights ; and accordingly in Sept. 1696. I e obferved it on the Monument, by Two of Mr. Quares beft Portable Barometers. By the beít of the Two (for both differed) I found the Mercury defícended 5 of an Inch at the heighth of 8o Feet, and 7, at 160 Feet. But fince that, finding my Obfervations a little different from Mr. Halley's on Snowden- Hill, in Philef. Tranfaét. Numb. 229. I thought it neceffary to renew my Experiments more nicely ; and accordingly laft November, tried again with o- ther portable Barometers ; which err'd intollerably. So that by the by, few of the portable Barometers that I have yet met with, are to be depended upon in fuch Experi- ments. - e eui I therefore contrived to carry up the Torricellian Experi- ment to the Top of the Monument, thus: I provided a pret- ty large Glafs Tube well cleaned : This I lodged in -Wire, and filled wich well ftrained Mercury ; which being cleared of all Air, I then plunged the Bottom of the Tube into a broad Ciítern of Mercury, and then fixed both the Tube and Ciítern together, in the Wire Cafe or Frame, On the Top I left an Eye in the Wire,to fufpend the whole Barometer on a String, that it might hang penduloufly, which is abfolutely necefia- ry; becaufe if the. Ciftern be deeper on one fide than 2no- ther, or if the Tube hang more towards one fide than the o- ther, ic will caufe a great and erroneous Variation in the Mercury above, according as the Tube ftands perpendicular- ly, or not. yd MyInftrument being thus (Ithink) very nicely prepared, I marked exactly the Height of the Quickfilver, upon Two ; Narrow | 4 x) | Narrow Labels of Paper, pafted on each fide the Tube, both at the Bottom, and in my Afcent up the Adonument. The Differences of the Mercury s Height I meafured with a Deci- mal Inch Scale on thin Brafs. The Quantity of my Aícenr, I meafured with a Gunter’s Chain, becaufe a String would ilretch. By the niceft Obfervation I could make, I found that at the height of 82 Feet the Mercury fell J, of am Inch, and at about 164 Feet 7. — . By tarrying above fomewhat long, I perceived the Preffure of the Atmoíphere was fomewhat altered, fo that the Adercury in my Defcent, was about ,o1 of an Inch different from my Obfervations in afcending. Upon which, I repeated my Ex- periment by afcending and defcending quicker. At both which times, my Obíervauons agreed exactly with the firft . Tryal. From whence I conclude that at every 82 Feet height, or Ent the Mercury wil defcend 1 Tenth of an Inch. I was defirous to have obferved at this time, the Proporti- ons of the Defcent of the Mercury, according to Dr. Wallis’s Remarks in his Letter to you, Numb. 251. but found it in vain on fofmalla height. However, confidering there is a Difference of 8 Feet between Mr. Halleys Obfervations and mine (which would alter the Mercury ox of an Inch, which is perceptible) I am inclined to think, that an higher Afcent than 82 Feet is neceflary to caufe the Mercury to deícend ;5, the higher we are in the Atmofphere. But this I leave to your, and füch other better Judgments, and Obfervations. Thus, Sir, I have troubled you with the Method I took, as wall as the Obfervations themfelves, that you may the bet- ter judge how far what I have done deferveth Credit, and al- fo, that I may give fome Cautions I found neceffary to be ob- ferved in füch Experiments as thefe. 'Fo what hath been faid, I beg your Patience, while I add a Defcription of a Portable Barometer, which I conceive may. be of great ufe in the former, and many other fuch Experi- ments. | Provide a ftrong Glafs Tube. Let the Head of it be pinched . atabout an Inch from che top, fo asto make a. narrow Neck, whofe Orifice fhall be as big almoftasa Straw, This (whicn is Mr. Quare’s way) will much bridle the blow of the Adercury | againi{t. | Dee ep es | C4» 'againft the top, as it danceth up and down, which endangers breaking offthe top ofthe Tube. The bottom of the Tube I would have ground aflant near half an Inch, that the bottom of the Tube touching the bottom of the Ciftern, the Orifice thereof may lye about the middle of the Afercury in the Ci- ftern: which will prevent the Air getting into che Tube, b reafon the Mercury is always about che Mouth of the Tube. The Ciftern muft be made wide, either of Glafs, or clofe- grained Wood ; round che Brim of which, on the out-fide, muit be a Notch ro tye on the Leather that is to cover ir. When the Tubeis filled, cleared of Air, and plunged into the Ciftern near fall of Mercury, enclofe the Mercury with gentle Leather tied very faft round the Tube near the bottom, which being fpread over the Ciftern, tie it round that alfo : The Tube and Ciftern, thus conjoin'd with Leather, muft bs lodg’d in a Cafe, made very fit to receive both, where they muft lye very faft. Thro’ the Cafe let three or four Holes be bored, to let the Air in freely to the Leather that covers the Ciftern, which lying clofe againft che Holes, will firmly enough keep the Mercary from running out at chem. The whole Inftrument thus prepared, muft be fafpended on the Top: For which purpofea Tripos may be beft, whofe Legs open and fhut by Joynts at the Top. The Weather-plates are co be put upon the Frame, by fet- ting them to the fame height, at which the Mercury ftands in a common Darometer. "That the whole may be better apprehended, Ihave annex- ed the following Figure 9. In which A. A. A.A. Is the Tripos. B. B. B. The Frame or Cafe, with the Barometer and Ciftern in it reprefented by prickt Lines, C. C. The Weather-plates. Fig. 10. Reptefenteth a. Tube communicated to me by a Friend, which ferveth for the more nice meafuring the height of the Mercury: For an Inch of perpendicular height, may be inade 2 or 3, by bending the Tubemore or lefs. This Tube may be crooked at 28 Inches length, for commo» ufe 5 but at 23 or 24 Inches for greater heights, as Snowdon (or higher Hills) on which it defcended to 26,1 Inches in Mr. Hafey’s Obfervations, a The head of the Tube, with its narrow Neck, to bridle the Blow of the Mercury, as before directed, | b The bottom ground aflant, as was before directed. c The Crook, à dd The Weather Plates. IL 4 ($1 — M. A Letter from Dr. Wallis of Jan. 11. 166). To Dr. Sloane, coxcersing the Effetis of « great Storm of Thunder and Lightning at Everdon in Northamptonthire, (wherein di- vers Perfons were killed ) on July 57. Te 1691. | a Pat dies i Oxford, San. xf. 169%. EB. I^ my Letter of july 26. 1697. ( which you were E pleafed to infert in the Philofophical Tranfactions, Numb. 231. for the Month of Aaguf, 1697.) relating — to Thunder and Lightning and Hail; I mentioned what had happened, fome Years fince at Everton or Everdez, in Nortbamptonfbire, not far from Towceffer, but nearer to Daventry or Daintry; where divers Perfons were killed, and others hurt, with Lightning. Concerning which, (becaufe it was a remarkable Accident) I have fince made a more particular Inquiry into the Circum- no ftances of it; and have an Account thereof to this — .purpofe, from Mr. Richard Butler, a Gentleman of Edwards, Minifter of Badby, adjoining; who were both Spectators or Eye-witnefles of the Effects thereof, _ foon after it happened. . In Harveft time, on the 27th Day of july, 1691, in Bverdon-Field, near Daventry in Northamptonfbire, di. vers were at work reaping Corn, moft of them of the —. Parifh of Badby, near adjoining. The Morning was — — fair and clear, but before Noon there came a violent —^ Storm of Thunder, Lightning, and Rain; which y E AGNES vB fec ^M Prefton near the Place, ( who is wont to be particularly | Ínquifitive upon fuch occafional Accidents) and Mr. - | 6 te md fed the dry Reapers to retreat for Shelter,to a Qaick fet ‘Hedge, with a Ditch by the fide of it, of about Twen- ty Yards in Length, crofs the Head of fome Aad. Lands, (as they are called) about Twenty Perfons ia all; of whom Four (not Five, as wasfaid) were killed, Fight others dangeroufly Hurt, of whom one wasa-Wo- man great with Child ; (whereof Six were in the Ditch, and Two out of it) the reft not much hurt, The Four that were killed, were Simon Marriet, a Taylor, and his Son Robert Marriot (a Youth of about Seventeen or Eighteen Years of Age,) RichardWells a Shoemaker, and Zhomas Burroughs a Weaver; all of the Parifh of Badby. Upon the firít Tidings of it, Mr. Ed- wards the Minifter of Badby repaired to the Place : Where Robert Marriot lay on his Back, cut of the Ditch, havin ftrugled (as was faid by the By-Standers) after the Stroak, Mr. Edwards fays, he faw no Marks, or Sign of Hurt on the Body, (though fome Londoners who were there, have faid, that all his Bones were broke within him, which is fuppofed to be a Miftake;) but DeZerab Zrafe- ler of Badby (the Woman who laid out him and the reft) fays, there was a Hole about the Bignefs of a Goofe-fhot in the Pit of his Stomach, and many more about his Legs. There was in the Hedge a Pollard- Afh;under which fat Simon Marriot and Richard Wells; but Thomas Bur- roughs fat at the Diftance of Two or Three Yards from thence. In this Tree were cut or rafed Four (or more) Grooves or Furrows, from the Top to near the Bottom, (deeper than the Bark, and.about an Inch broad each of them) on that Side of the Tree on which the Men fat: but no Damage Appeared on the Tree elfewhere; there being a Knot on the oppofite Side, which is fuppofed to have diverted the Stream of the Fiery Matter. The Green Thorns were Scorched, and the Place {melt rank of Sulphur. : | Simon be C2) : Simon Marriot bad the Crown of his Hat cut into the Shape as of a bearded Arrow; and at the Band-place cat fmoo:h, almoft round about from the Brim. His - Cfoaths on one Shoulder cut jaggedly to the Skin; where was a Scar about Four Inches in Length, of a Long Oval Figure; the traníverfe. Diameter whereof was deepeft, of a darkifh red Colour, as hard as Horn allover. He had Snufh on his Hand, as if jut ready to take it. — : Richard Wells had alittle Dog on his Lap, or between is Legs, dead. His Hand upon the Dog's Head, his Eyes open, and with Bread and Chefe (or one of them) in his Hand, as if going to give the Dog a bit. His Shoulder (as his Relations fay) was {truck down, and | in a manner fevered from his Body. - Thomas Burroughs fat as looking up to the Heavens, His Head turning toward one fide,as viewing the Clouds, his Eyes open. He had, in his Pocket, a Copper To- baccow-box, which had one little round Hole ftruck quite through it; and a little of che Mettal on one fide, feemed to have run. By thefe Poftures, it is evident they died ina Moment. ~ DNE: - Mr. Edwards adds, that he took Simox Marriot's Hat, and fome of his Cloaths, and held them againft the Light, and they appeared full of Holes, asa Skimmeror Colander. But (at which he wondered moft) the Wo- -man who laid him out told him, their Buttocks which fat upon the Ground were pittifully mangled, and their -— . Privy Members rent and torn in Pieces; and more efpe- —— . eially thofe ot Thomas Burroughs, as if (mall Bars of red hot Iron had been thruft up into them in many Places. - "The Hair of their Heads was burnt very much. Some had no Harm that were hard by ; but others were -— . wounded at a Diftance, and their Wounds were cured with more Difficulty than ordinary Burns. | s: eee B 2 | It | yu uc ! It was (before the Storm)a pretty full Day. But bez fore each Thunder-clap, was heard a great whirling Noife in theTrees, like Wind. The Lightning was obíerv'd, by Perfons at a Diftance, as falling perpendicularly upon them. Thofe who recovered had their Cloaths full of Holes, as if they had been fhot through. Not a Drop of Blood "appeared upon any of them, Their Hurts like Dry Ícarred or healed Wounds. : Simon Marriot, and Robert Marriot wereftruck back; the other Two (fupported, as is fuppofed, by the Hedge "at their Back) continued in the Pofture wherein they were killed, Three or Four Hours after, when Mr. But- ler faw them. The Eight Perfons who were hurt, but not killed, were John Bird, and Mary his Wife, William Gregory, and Mary his Wife, and Mary his Daughter, Elizabeth Dod, and Fobn Tibbe, (all of Everdon) and Thomas Apprentice to Burroughs of Badby. Several others were ftruck down, but not much hurt. Severa! of thofe hurt, were taken up for dead, but foon came to them- felves without any Application; but fome of them were fain to be carried home. | Gregory's Wife had Four little Holes in her Knee, like Shot-holes; which turned to Sores, and had Cores come out of them. | Mary Bird (the Woman with Child) had all over. her Body, neat an Hundred Wounds, of one fort or o- ther; and Seventeen large Wounds, fome as large as a. Man's Hand; on each Arm one, and one on each fide of her Belly. Out ef moft of her Wounds came Cores, fome bigger, fome lef3; the biggeft were bigger than a. Walnut, dry and black like Leather. She had Two. ~ Sores on the Soles of her Feet, but her Shoes and Stock. - ings not touched. She fat next to thofe that were « ug : killed... 49 a , ^ T AL wert Rd : .c ; | | tus dog EN killed. She was taken out of the Ditch for dead, and: was fuppofed to be killed (whereupon it was at firft given: out, that there were Five killed, but this one of the Five did recover); fhe was fenfible of the Stroke, and: fenfible that her Husband-looked Pale, and then Swoon-. _ ed away. She and her Husband were both blooded ;. _ fhe within an Hour after, and her Husband Eight Hours. after ; and they bled freely. Their Legs were mighti- ly -Swelled, before they were carried out of the Field. - ~ ‘The Woman was very fore and full of Pain, fo that the could hardly bear any Cloaths to touch her. She was Three Weeks ill before fhe could rife, and continued ill about a Quarter of a Year ; no Medicines ufed for Burns. did any Good, but occafioned great Torment to her. The firft that they perceived todo good was, Oil of St. Sobws-wor: ; and after the Cores were come out, the Black-Salve. She went out her full time, The Child ‘had no Marks or Blemifh at all upon this Occafion ; and. is yet living. About that time of the Year, fhe hath: _ been bloodedever fince. She finds a great Tingling, and. . . Bath little Pimples like Stinging of Nettles ; and cannot. be well till fhe hath been blooded. The Wounds of all thofe that were hurt, were like: . .thofe of this Woman ; but flighter ; and fome of them: had no Cores came out of them. alos | This is the beft account I can give you of this Mat-- ter; which I have put together as well as I could, out: of the broken Remarks which I had in Writing from the Two Gentlemen above mentioned ; and,as near as might- be, in their own Words... | 3 As to my Thoughts of the natural Caufes of the pars. ticular Accidents, I have little more to add to what 1- - faid in my former Letter; but leave it to.each-one to - judge as he fhall think fit. ey | | ( 10.) 1t (cems to me to proceed from fome Cauftick Vapour (of a like Nature with the Ingredients of Gun-Powder) -difperfed in the Air from the Clouds downward, (thefe Clouds being at this time very low) which Vapour be- ing in fome Places thicker than in others, when it chance thto be fired, the Flame flies like Lightning, (as the Phrafe is ) or fired Gun-powder, according as the Matter leads it, and makes more or leís Explofion - here and there, as the Matter is: more or leís copious. It feems that in and over this Ditch, there was plenty of {uch Matter; and perhaps even under thofe who were thus killed or wounded : And then, it is not flrange that fuch Effects fhould happen, as are defcribed; For the like would have happenéd if Gun-powder had been fo fired. And if this Explofive Quality were attended with that of Glaciation (as Thunder is after accompa- nied with Hail, Niter being a proper Efficient of both,) there might be fuch Concretions, in the Nature of Hail as might (by fuch Explofion) be {cattered like Hail-fhot out of aGun, and caufe fuch Holes as are faid to have been in the Cloaths and Feet of thefe Perfons. And - what is faid to have been obferved by others at a Di- ftance, like a Ball of Fire falling down direétly upon the Place, might be a Propagation of the Flame kindled abóve, and continued, as the Vapour directed it, tothe Place (as would be in a Train of Gun- " powder) and might there hurt fome and fpare others, according as it was here or there more Copious. For we are not to prefume that it was in all Places equally mixed. Ne Pn And the Cores which came out of the Wounds, feem _ ike Efcars made by a Cauftick or other Burnings: Of - which Phyficians and Chirurgeons are the proper judges. ; 2 | | r . Sex from the Stone in the Bladder. C 11) E - [take thefe Cores to be {corch’d Skin, mortified, (beat into the Flefh by that Hail-fhot) and appearing like burnt Leather :- Which muft be worked out before the Wound could be healed; as is ufaal, when other He- terogeneous Matter is forced iato the Flefh. - That fome of the People not far off, might be thrown down, and not otherwife confiderably hurt, is not ftrange; who might be within the Blaft, though not . within the reach of the Fire; as we fee in the Explofion of Gun-powder, (to which I take this to be very like) when Windows (and other things at a Diftance) are fha- ken and fhatter'd by the Blaft, or great Concuffion of. the Air, though the Flame do not reach them. TIL Some Additional Remarks on the Extracting the Stone of the Bladder out of thofe of the Female Sex. By Thomas Molyneux, M. D. 23$. K. 5. * A Bout Six Years fince, a Paper of mine was read be- fore our Philofophical Society here in Dzélin, and - after publifh’d in the Philofophical Tranfa&ions, Num. 202. Wherein I gave an Account of a Stone of an ex- traordinary bigneis, fpontaneoufly voided through the @thera, by a Woman here in Dublin : And as a-Corol-. lary or Deduction from this Hiftory, I there propofed- the Extraction of the Stone, by the gradual Dilatation of the @rethra, or Neck of the Bladder, without any manner of Section. as the moft fafeand eafy Way, and: of moft general ufe, for the freeing thofe of the Female: rr (12) B. ^j then alledged two Inftances of Fatt, to prove not . only the Reafonablenefs, but the real Succefs of this Pra- €ife; and I have been fince ftill more confirmed in that Opinion by feveral other fuccesful Operations I have feen of the like kind: but more particularly, by one lately performed in this Town on a Girl, between Eleven and Twelve Years Old, one Sarah Tones, that for Six Years paft, has been feverely affli&ed with all the painful and unufual Symptoms of the Stone, but on the 16th of October, was happily relicved, by only dilating gently, the Neck of the Bladder, and then extra&ting a Stone of a very confiderable bulk, without making any Iaci- fion et ali. j The whole Operation was performed in Six or Seven Minutes, and was the more remarkable on the Account of the extraordinary large Size of the Stone, whofe Shape and.Bignefs is exa@ly reprefented in the annext Figure, Vid. Zab. Fig.1. | did omit taking the Weight “of it, nor was it truly any great negle&, finceT think it no very material Circumftance for our Information in. - infuch Cafes, to know exactly what a Stone Weighs; - for the greater or lefs Gravity of thefe Bodies, depend notontheir outward Dimenfions, fo much as on their internal Parts accidentally cohering more or lefs com- pactly together, as they are formed in the Bladder, and as if no importance in the Operation of extracting them: the Difficulty or Eafinefs of which, as well as the Danger and Succefs, more immediately depend, on the Magni- tude and Shape of the Stone, rather than on its Gravi- - ty; fothat if we have a right Idea of thofe, *"tis altoge- ther fufficient to our Purpofe. : By the Size of this we have here figured, it appears to have been fo big, that it may feem almoft incredible a Solid of that Bulk, fhould be forced through the @- vétbra of fo fmall and fo Young a Child, withont any E Nie manner -— , uoo CX UNS D : 3 maaner of Se&ion: and that the Child fhould recover fo as to be perfectly well, without the leaft ill Accident fucceeding the Operation. But we may gather hence, of what vaft Extention this Urinary Paffage, though Naturally ftrait, is capable; and how much ftill wider it may be dilated, where 'tis proportionably larger, 1 mean of thofe of this Sex of Riper Years, or grownup to Womens Eftate; who may yet more eafily and fafely be relieved after this (ame manner, even of Stones of a much larger Size than this we here {peak of. - The French, a Nation certainly very fubje& to the Stone in the Bladder, and whofe Chirurgeons therefore, muft of neceffity be very converfant with this Difeafe, and expert inthe Operations requifite for the Cure of it, have, I fee, lately eftablifhed this fort of Practice; tho’ I muft needs own I did not know fo much, till I had perufed a very ufeful Book of Chirurgery, Publifhed but — this laft Year, 1696. at Paris, in 8vo. by Monficur de Ja Vauguion; Entituled, Zraité Complet des Operations de Chirurgie : where! find in his Thirteenth Chapter, that treats of the Stone in the Bladder, and defcribes the way of Extracting it out of Women; he has thefe * Words: On dilate ('Uretre avec le Dilatateur fans rien couper, © "lon tire la pierre avec un crochet ou bien avec de Tenettes. And-a little after; L’e- vetre de Femmes fe dilate extraordinairement , ainft al arrive rarement quon foit oblige de leur faire une Lucifton. | dedi. : "Ehefe Quotations may fhew, how that right Reafon- ing, together with due Experience, have not only fug- . geíled, but likewife approved and fettled this way of Extraéting the Stone out of the Bladder of Women witb- out Section. When I wasa Stranger to this Practice, I did only then propofe it to be well confidered of by the Judicious ; but now that it proves fo fuccesful, I cannot "o H C but kei ( 14 | 3 but recommend it to the skilful Chirurgeon, as an Ope- _ ration fit for general ufe in thee Cafes, being both fafe and eafily Practicable, and alfo of great Benefit and Re- lief to no lefs than the Moiety of Mankind, when ever they are afflicted with this painful Difeafe. And to fay truly, if Women in this café would but timely feek for help, they might with far le(s Danger and Pain be relie- ved of thistorturing aad lafting Evil, than they are de- livered of a common Natural Birth. Ifay timely feek for Help; that is, before the Stone is grown to fo large a Magnitude, as not to admit this fort of Operation; of which there may be fome Inftan- ces, though I believe, as the attempting the Cure of füch will be very dangerous, fo likewife they willbe ve- ry rarely met with; for Experience Juftifies what I have elfewhere obferved, ( Numb. 202. of the Philofophical Tranfattions.) that Women are not capable by Nature of breeding Stones in their Dladders:of fo big a Size as Men frequently do; which is moft. apparent. from thofe ma- ny Hiftories of ftupendious large Stones. (I mean them of the greateft Magnitude) Regiftred by both Geerge and Fobn Schenkius, Flildanus, Greonevelt, the Philofopbical Tranfactions, and other Authors ; all which that have hi- therto occur'd to. me, have been. only-found in. Men: Whereas the largeft: I have heard o£ bred in a Womans Bladder, was not one fifth Part of what has been produ- ced of this kind in a Man's. 5 os In the Philofophical Tranfattions, Numb. 222. thereis inferted an Account of the largeft Stone I have yet heard of bred in a Man's Bladder: That mentioned by Mr. Wood the Chirurgeon, Numb. 209. of the fame Tran actions. taken out of a Woman, and as he thought, of a Prodigious Size, does not amount to near a Fifth Part of this: However, that is extraordinary in Mr. Wood's Re- lation, that though it was extracted by Section, and the | . Mem- ee Membranous part of the Bladder, as he fays, cut in the -. Operation, yet the Patient recovered and became per- fe@ly well. SHETRO p^ : — "Butthefe, and fuch like furprifing Cures, I take tobe © ertatick or Anomalous, if I may focall them; becaule | they happen feldom, and when they do, feem to be contrary to the fetled Rules of Phyfick; and therefore can little avail in guiding a Man's Pra&tice, according tothe Saying, Que Rara funt, not funt Artis: And not. withftanding feveral fuch rare Cafes, daily. Experience. will vouch for the Authority of that Aphorifim of £zip- - pocrates, Kusw Xenomevn Savetadss, cui Secta efl vefica lethale eff, as not being founded on a few Examples or a Notion, but what commonly holds true, or as A’ippo- crates often exprefles it, ‘as &zi 70 word, for the moff part, which is a füfficient, and indeed the only Princi. ple on which we may conftitute a ftanding Rule in Phy- fick; for as the Judicious Cel/us has truly obferved in . his Preface to his Book de Re Medica, Vix ulla Perpe- tua Praecepta Medicinalis Ars recipit. - OT one ee am IV. Eclipfis Lunaris Obfervatio, | fa&a Rotero- — dami die 29. OCfobris Anni 1697. N.S. A Jacobo Caffini, R. Ac. Parifienfis Socio. - ^ Clipfis Lune diei 29 Octobris anni 1697. obfervata eft. E Roterodami per Telefcopium quatuor fere pedum Parifi- enfium oculari convexo in cujus foco erant fila quatuor fefe - in axe interfecantia ad angulos rectos & femirectos, ad Pha- . - fes dimetiendas, macularumque Lunarium fitum determinan- dum. Hoc Telefcopium impofitum erat fulcro habenti axem in fiu parallelo axi mundi conftitutum, ut poftquam ad Lu-- nam dire&um eflet ad unius phafis obfervationem, poflet ad —— alias phafes Obfervandas per Lune femitam ad occafum revo- Het | xv s C z lur, i ( 16 ) ! lui. Ka autem primo dirigebatur ad Lunam, ut eo immoto- permanente Lunz limbus borealis fuo motu ad occafüm ra- deret unum ex his filis quod ideo parallelum dicimus, licet ob motum Lunz in declinationem motui Lunz ad occafum multo celeriori commixtum nonnihil ab equatore declinaret dum Lunz difcus in reliqua tria fila fucceflive incideret. Ho. rum trium filorum intermedium angulos rectos cum parallelo efficiens, rectum perpendiculare & verticale appellamus. Reliqua duo obliqua, quorum primum dicimus in quod prius Luna incidit, fecundum obliquum. in quod Luna incidit po- flerius Initio Eclipfis, quando Lunz punctum borealiffi- mum nondum in umbra erat immerfum, illad filo aptavimus parallelo. Deinde poftquam tale pun&um umbra immerfum eft, eidem filo aptavimus auftraliffimum Lunz punctum. unde factum eft ut quod filum initio fuerat primum, in ali- arum phafium determinatione fuerit poftremum & primum Vid, Tab, €aftrit quod poftremum fuerat initio. Cum autem H^ & Lunzlimbusfilum parallelum percurreret, Lunz cen- trum intelligebatur defcribere Lunarem femitam huic ‘ filoparallelam quz ab aliistribus filis fecabatur.Portiones autem hujus femitz füpponuntur proportionales temporibus quibus ipfas Lunz centrum percurrit,inzqualitas enim motus proprii uniuerfali motui immixti exiguo tempore imperceptibilis eft. Cum igitur Lunz limbus parallelum percurreret, obfervaba- tur beneficio horologii pendulo inftru&ti & diebus przceden- tibus ad folem conformati tempus adventus Lunz macularum aliquot & lunarium cornuum ad bzc tria fila & deprehenfüm. eft hujus Eclipfis tempore Lunz difcum tranfire per filum re- cum 2' 24" per fila vero obliqua 3' 24" ideoque femi diame- trum Lünz tranfire per rectum 1' 12" per obliqua vero 1' 42" differentia utriufque tranfitus exiftente 30". Hinc Obfervato uno appulfu Lune ad quodvis horum filorum, vel uno egref- fu dantur omnes alii ad fila reliqua. Semidiameter Lunz AB jacens in lunari femita ABCDEF pertranfit per Vid. Tab. ejus pun&um quod libet dum centrum A, percur- Fig,3. rit fpatium fibi zquale AB at alia femidiameter K angulum rectum efficiens cum alia rectá linea NCK ad pun&um K in quo proinde Lunam continget in, K, ab ejus femita declinans angulo KCA, tranfit per ipfum flum CK, dum centrum Lunz percurrit, AC, hypothenu- fam Fig. 2. — C17) fam trianguli re&anguli, AKC, eftque tempus tranfitus femi- diametri, AB, per filum perpendiculare Lunam contingens in B, ad tranfitum femidiametri, AK, per filum obliquum NCK, ut AB vel AK, finus Anguli ACK, ad AC, finum anguli recti, five radium. Filo igitur, NCK, faciente eum fe- mitá Lunz Angulo KCA fíemirecto, & Angulus KAC in triangulo rectangulo femirectuserit, ideoque latera CK, KA, zqualia, erit tranfitus rectus fecundum AB, ad tranfitum fe- midiameni AK, per filum obliquum NK, ut finus anguii fe- mirecti ad finum anguli recti, ut 707 ad 1000, five ut 72" ad 102” vel 1' 42" fere, ut obfervabatur Lunaris centri femita exiftente AH, Lunz femidiametro ipfi perpendiculari, AM, du&à MNO, parallela ipfi AH, ipfa congruet filo quod Lu- nz limbus motu fuo ad occidentem radet, quod fecabitur ab obliquis, MCK, NGI & a re&o NEP in pun&o N quá tran: fit Axis Telefcopii ; facietque cum his filis Lunaris orbita duo triangula re&angula NEC, NEG, quz fupponuntur habere Angulos femirectos ad pun&a N, C, G. Sunt ergo fimilia & zqualia, habentque latera CE, EG, EN, zqualia femidia- metro Lune AM. Si hinc inde ab interfectionibus C&G . accipiantur in filis ipfi femidiametro xquales CR, CS; GI,. GR, & in orbità CA, CF, GD, GH aquales CN, & jun- gantur AK, FS, DR, HI erunt ipfe omnes equales inter fe, efficientque ad fila angulos re&os ad K, S, R, I. Quare cen-. tro Lune exiftente in A, Luna tanget primum obliquumin K. & poftquam centrum Lunz venit ab A in C ejus femidiame-. ter congruet linez CE, ideoque Luna tanget filum rectum in. E. Poftquamautem centrum Lunz venerit ab A, in D, tan-- get fecundum oliquum in R. Eft autem AD equalis Diame- - tro Luna, nam cum GD fit equalis CA, addendo DC habe-- bitur AD zqualis GC qui quidem eft diametro Lunz equalis.. $ed cum GD fit zqualis CF fi ab his auferantur zquales GE, EC erit FE zqualis ED et erit DF dupla, tantumque erit a. contactu primo fecundi obliqui in R ad conta&um ultimum. | primi obliqui in S & poftquam centrum Lunz progreffum. fuerit in G ad diftantiam femidiametri unius EG, Luna con- tinget ultimo filum re&um in E. Lunz centro progreffo a: G in H ipfa tanget ultimo fecundum obliquum in I. Suppo- fito igitur tranfitu recto Lune fieri 2’ 24" ut obfervatum eft.. Pofito ergo tranfitu recto linez fieri 2' 24” ut aegre 2011, ei ie as a ae s n t . (18) Pofito Centro in A& buit primi obli- PSP Aoc quiin K o oO | Centrum Lunz erit in C. & continget 1°. I 42 rectum in E. I 42 vut . Centrum perveniet in D & continget 1°. 2. | obliquum in R. 2 24|o 42 Lune centrum erit in E filo intermedio per- pendiculari. 2 §4 Centrum perveniet in P. & continget pn 1 ^£ nio 1. obliquum in fis vi toy J.A "Centrum eritin G. & toii ultimo re- &um in E. 4 6[o''42 Erit tandem in H & continget Gli 2.0b- : Jiasprat in t | | i 5 AE [ I 42 : Huic ure cotrefpondebant ut plurimam ob- Vid. Tab. fervationés in’ hac Eclipfi intra fecundum unum. Fig. 4. fufficicbat igitur in una ‘phafi obfervare duos ex his tranfiribus in reliquis phafibus unum, ‘ut reliqui omnes innotefcerent, fed plures obfervabantur ad majorem evidentiam, cumque ‘Luna in hac Eclipfi majori parte cem- poris Nubibus tegeretur ex quibus per" intervalla emergebat, in emerfionibus ü obfervabantur runi qui magis preftó erant. Quod ad Lunares rosea attinet, obfervabatur tranfitus infigniorum magique apparentium, pauca enim aere nebulo- fo claré diftinguebantur, & quz propiores erant Lunari orbi- tz, tam per filum rectum quam per unum aut utrumque ob- | liquorum,tranfitus autem per rectum femper medius eft inter tranfitus per duo obliqua eundem angulum cum Lunz femita efficientia: quare obíervatis duobus quibufcanque tertium inveniri poterat. Comparatur autem tranfitus marginis precedentis. Lune & maculz per filum rectum ad habendam differentiam quam dicimus longitudinem macula a margine praecedenti : & cran. fitus rectus maculze comparatur cum obliguo ad habendam dif. ferentiam quz axqualis eft diftantiz vie maculzea femitá puncti borealiffimi radentis filum parallelum.. Cum enim via macu- ~ Jez ABC, parallela fit viz marginis DEP, eofdem cum eifdem filis VE (19 ). JEN filis Angulos facit femire@tos ad A & C, re&os ad B, unde angulus ad A aqualis eft Angulo ad C, Vid. Tad, & latus BA zquale lateri BE latitudini macule B — Fig. 5. a filo FED. 4 | Data autem longiudine & latitudine maculz datur ejas fi- tus in Lunà. Deícripto quippe circa ipfam quadrato cujus latus AB, intelligatur congruere filo parallelo & fit divifüm in tot zquales partes quo: fecundis Luna per filum rectum tran- _ fit latera vero AC, BD, ipfi filo perpendicularia fint in totidem fimiliter partes zquales divifa. Vid. Tab. Sumptà in parallelis longitudine AE, CP & ducta — Fig. 6. FE & in perpendicularibus latitudine AG, BH, quam zqualem dicimus viz intercepte inter rectum & obli- quum determinatur fitus macule, M, in communi harum rectarum interfectione. | Quod fpe&ctat ad Lune cornua in Eclipfi, ipsa determinari poifunt folà longitudine, modo {ciatur quo in femicirculo auftrali vel Boreali fint ut cornu I per longitudinem AE vel CF, recta quippe FE Lunz marginem fecat in duobus punctis L& I, quorum unum eft in femicirculo Boreali alterum in ' Auftrali. Poteft etiam determinari fola latitudine AK, vel BM, modo íciatur quo in femicirculo orientali vel occiden- tali fit pun&um I. Ex lineis autem longitudinis & latitudi- nis illa exactiüs fitum cornu determinat, quz propior eft centro, ut hic punctum, I, exactius determinatur longitudi- ne quam latitudine ; @ contra punctum O exad&ius latitudine quam longitudine, idque ob minorem obliquitatem linez re- cz ad. circumferentiam, quá efficitur ut exigua variatio di- ftantiz magis fit in circunferentia fenfibilis. Alia ratione per —ebliquos tranfitus determinatur fitus macularum & cornuum Lunz, fi linea AD parallela femite Lunari PC) , ipfius mar- . ginem tangenti fiat diameter quadrati Lune circumfcripti qua dividatur in tot equales partes quot fecundis Luna per filum obliquum pertranfit, ut in hac Eclipfi in partes 204. Hujus quadrati duo latera AC, BD, primum obliquum reprefenta- bunt, ut poteilliparallela, reliqua AB, CD fecun- dum obliquum, fumpta autém differentia inter Vid. Tab. tranficum marginis precedentis Lune & macule lg. 7. M per obliquum in fecundis horariis ab angulo — precedente ab Ain T, & ducti per T recta EF parallela la- teri. ( 20 ) xeri, AC, & fimiliter fumpta ab eodem angulo A, differentia inter tranfitum marginis przcedentis K & macule M, per Ófecundum obliquum AB, ut AV, per pupctum V, ducatar recta GVH parallela lateri AB, reprefentabit 2. obliquum fecans priorem in puncto M, ibique fitum maculz determi- nabit. Eadem ratione determinabitur fitus cornu E per dif- ferentiam ipfius tranfitus & marginis per 1. obliquum fumpta, ut AT fitus cornu H per differentiam ipfius tranfitus per fe- cundum obliquum AB, ut AU, & ductá per V, re&a GH, © parallele la lateri AD modo fciatur fit ne cornu in femicircu- lo precedente aut fequente. e Die 29. O&obris, 1697. Roterodami Vefperé poft folis occafüm Czlum nubibus erat obductum. Vifa autem eft Lu- na.inter Nubes hora 6 18 adhuc integra, in przludium aa- tem obfervationum czptus eft determinari fitus macularum, notato tempore tranfitus ipfarum per fila Telefcopii, horolo- gio quod (ut ex obfervationibus folis altitadinum zqualium, mané & vefperé eadem die, & precedentibus, captarum de- ducebatur) ea hora & fequentibus retardabat minutis 1' 4" quz fequentibus obfervationibus addidi & ica ad veram horam funt reductz. | Cum ergo margo Lunz Borealis filum parallelum raderet fitus promontorii acuti quod prope Lunarem orbitam incide- bat fic determinatus eft. h g ui A 6 29 36 Promontorium acutum ad primum . . obliquum. B 6 21 27 Precedens Lune margo ad perpendi- : culare. € 6 a2 353 Promontorium acutum ad perpendi- . culare. : ErgoC—B o 236 Differentia tranfitus per filum perpen- | diculare quz eft longitudo pro- montorii acuti a margine prece- dente. C—-AÀ x 27 Differentiatranfitus promontorii acuti. inter x. obliquum & perpendiculare — quz ejus eft latitudo a margine bo- reali. Ante- e Sea) - Antequam aliarum macularum fitus poffet determinari Lu- na Nubibus eft obducta. | h dud 39 34 - -Luna inter Nubes conípe&a adhuc appa M ruit integra. Prima Obfervatio Eclipfis. 6 38 $58 Lunae Nubibus emergens jam & mar- | gine fuperiori filum perpendiculare radente, phafis & aliquot macularum fi- tus fic determinatus eft. Ex Sequentibus precedens margo ad pri- mum obliquum; Or NN re Jesi E A 6 4r 23 Initium Maris Crifii ad r. obl. i B 6 4r $jo Promontorium acutum ad 1. obl. " C. 6 42 12 Plinius ad x. obl. | D 6.42 25 Menelaus ad x. obliquum. E 6 42 33 Manilius ad 1. obliquum. F 6 42 43 Primus margo ad perpendiculare. G 6 43 o Proclus ad perpendiculare, H 6 43 20 Promontorium acutum ad perpendiculare. ] 6 43 26 Margo fequens ad x. obliquum. . K.6 43 3o Menelaus ad perpendiculare. L 6 44 © Cornu prec. Lunz ad perpendiculare,ipla Eh tangit filum horiz. |. M 6 44 2x Cornu fequens ad r. obliqum. ho N 6 44 35 Menelaus ad 2. obliquum. —-- O 6 44 $57 Cornu fequens ad verticale. P 6 45 7 Margo fequens ad perpendiculare. — Q 6 45 33 Cornu fequens ad 2. obliquum. E R 6-45 55s Grimaldus ad 2 obliquum. — 8$ 6 46 49 Sequens Margo ad 2 obliquum. | : Examen prime Obfer-vationis. » P—F 2 24 Tranfitus Lunz per perpendiculare. o $—b. 3 23 Tranficus Lunz per 2. obliquum... — | —— J— H—F .o 37 Promontorii acuti Longitudo a manne 1 ww «. precedente. ey UT m du Hp x 30 Promontorii acuti latitudo a Margine Bo: reali. K—F o 47 Méenelailongitudo a margine precedente. K—D zx 35; Menelai latitudo a margine Boreali. L —F t£ 17 Cornu precedentis longitudo a margine prac. —0o o Latitudonulla, | O—F 2 14 Cornu fequentis longitudo a margine pre- Ha cedenti. 5 O—M 0o 56 Latitudo ejufdem cornu a margine Bore- ali. Q—O © 36 Eadem latitudo. Ad eundem modum alie obfervationes expenfe fünt reje- ctis iis quz minimé inter fe convenire videbantar. Hinc longitudines & latitudines cornuum deduce funt, ubi deerat tranfitus per filum. perpendiculare, is deductus eft ex tranfi- tibus per duos obliquos divifo bifariam tempore inter utrum- que. ^ | Phafes,- Longitudo à ^ Latitudo à Longitudo à Latitudo à Margine Prec. Margine Bor. Margine Prxced. Margine Boreali. a. "P aes 4 4 2 aa 4 d X TE 17 e. 0 2 14 se 36 Latitudo à Latitudo à Margine Auft. . Margine Auft, (2a o 28 4 21 27 RET 3a. oO IO -K 49 2 ee a ee ee 4a. Cerny I IO Mei Ceo Paso n qd 00 2 o. $6 ; 63. On. o 53 224 CX "10 gà, 0 6 Oo 42- 2 XE 8a. O II o 32 2 13 I j4 9a. o (6 O. 43 e 4 ‘10a, o oO © §4 ;. Ad defcriptionem phafium fümpta eft femid.ameter umbrae qualis diametro Lune cnm duabus tertiis fem idiametri ejuf- - i dem quz magis congruere vifa eft. In SIO MMOS o> SC oM XE SIME NN we h 7i 7 i 74 7 7 MND COUN ON Som 24 17 49 ud ne ad Het piealicuLare Cornu precedes ad ve:ticale. Cornu fequens ad r. obliquum. - Margo fequeris ad 1. obliquum. Cornu fequens ad verticale. . Umbra ad Manilium. Situs VM Cornu pred. longitudo a margine prz- cedente. Cornu fequentis longitudo a margine ori. entali. Cornu fequentis lat. a margine Auftrali. — In Tertià Phafi. Cornu prec, ad rz. obliquum. Margo prac. ad verticale. Cornu prac. ad verticale. Margo przcedens ad 2. obliquum. Cornu fequens ad 1. obliquum. Margo fequens ad 1. obliquum. Cornu przcedens ad 2. obliquum. -Cornu fequens ad verticale. Cornu fequens ad 2. obliquum. Umbra ad Dyonifium Situs Cornuum. Cornu precedentis longitudo a margineo- - rientali. Cornu precedentis latitudo a margine au- ftrali. Eadem latitudo. Cornu fequentis longitudo a pun prz cedente. : D2 | def H—E : 7 Cornu fequentis latitudo a | margine auftrali. — I—H : 9 Eadem latitudo. In Quarta P hafi. h A 7 4o 24 Cornu precedens ad 1. obli- quum. *] 7 4r 34 Ex fequentibus margo prz- cedens ad verticale. B 7 4t 35 Coma przced. ad verticale. C 7 42 18 Margo przced. ad 1. obli- quum. D 7 42 44 Cornu precedensad 2. obli- quum. E $42 1 Cornu fequens ad 1. obli- | ^. quum. F 7 43 14 Margo fequens ad rt. obli- | E quum. *E--K 5 43 57: Cornu fequens ad verticale. G 7 43 58 Margo fequens ad verticale. H 7 4; 4 Cornu feq.ad 2. obl. G.—2a'a4'vl 7 41 34 Margo przced. ad verticale. B—I ^ o 1 Cornu prec. longitudo a margine praeced. B—A — i xx Cornu prec. latitado a mar- JE arb gine asfirali. D—B 1 9 Eadem latitudo. | H—E . 2 13 Differentia tranítus cornu : fequentis inter obliq. RE in x € Dimidium lat. cornu fequ. a marg. Auftrali. - E--K 7 43 57: Cornu fequens ad verticale. EBLK—I o —— 2 25 Longitudo cornu feq.a mar- gine preceden €. S E. i ts 3 49 : Vo $9 .] B... 3I 1 &L y. 3 : C 75 5% : E D 7 51 T E 7 52 1 Fy to sa D— 224vI 7. 49 E t Bad I : a o a2vL 7 $i ? € —L o C—A o E —i | 2 oett F—E o Um 26.) In Quinté Pha. | 34 22 ; 16 18 E 29 56 34 30 16 2 $6 $5 29 27 Margo precedens ad x. obli- " quum. : Cornu precedens ad 1. obli- J quum. Promontorium acutum in umbra. Margo praecedens ad per- pendiculare. Cornu precedens ad verti- cale. Margo przcedens ad 2. obli- quum. | Cornu fequens ad z. obli- quum. - Margo fequens ad tr. obli- quum. - Margo praecedens ad 1. obli uum. | Longit. obl. Promontorii ac- cuti a 1; obliquo. Sitos cornuum Quinta Phafis. Margo precedens ad per- diculare. | Cornu praecedentis: long. 2 marg. praced. Cornu preced. latitudo a margine auftrali, | Long. obliqua a 1. obl. ad: maximam long. 3’ 24”.> Complementum.Idem com- . plementum. _ | Idem complementum. Me> — dium o'a8". [US cU. [1 o N- EN i5 * * Am mnougonv»m - ~ » "7 mMOOUm»PM & J» 4 4 Cab pua bp ome | 99 CH OO 0900 00 00 o6 Cw) : P, le Sextà Phafi. — Margo precedens ad. x. obi, Cornu precedens ad 1. obl. Promont. acutum ad 1. obl. Margo przced. ad perpend. Cornu praced. ad perpend. Margo przced. ad 2. obl. Cornu przced. ad 2. obl. Cornu fequéns ad 1.0bl. Margo fequens ad r. obl, Cornu fequens ad verticale. Matgo precedens ad 1 obl. Margo preced. ad perpend. Situs Cornuum. o 3 AS o $3 2 24 I 16 r 30 Cornu przced. longitudo a marg. pracedenti. Cornu przced. latitudo ac marg. auftrali. Eadem latitudo. Longitudo cornu fequentis a marg. przcedenti. Latitudo Cornu fequentis a marg. auftrali. Longitudo obliqua Prom. acuti a: 1. obl. In Septima Phafh 06 09 60 -J MJ Au, Qo ND ND bel mo Margo preced. ad 1. obl. Corna przced. ad 1. obl. Margo preced. ad perpend. Cornu przced ad perpend. Margo przced. ad 2. obl. Cornu praeced. ad 2. obl. Medium umbre ad perpend. ^ Teig. Margo fequens ad 1. obl. _ G 8 G C i$ il 24" vl | | C 9 4zvK B—K gie ATO MMO Ow P O l oO EN Iv i: S v^ B. o oo O o5 05,09 00 = ( 27) Oy ON” oO Js es Cornu fequens ad verticale: Margo fequens ad verticale. . Margo preced. ad x. obl. Margo preced. ad perpend. Cornu preced. long. a mar- gine praecedenti. Cornu preced. lat. a gine auftrali. Eadem latitudo. Cornu fequentislong.a marg. praced. Mare In Offavé Phaf. O 60 09 CÓ o5 og co 00 OO OO OO Oo . 00 c0 oo C0 COO 23 53 24 13 24 24 24 $5 24 57 23:055 26 26 26 38 28 .20 24.13 O II o 3I o 33 2.1j 49 125 49 42. $6.52 8. $o fo 4t Cornu preced. ad r. obl. Margo praeced. ad vert. Cornu przced. ad perp. Margo preced. ad 2. obl. Cornu preced. ad 2. obl. Margo fequens ad r. obl. Cornu feq. ad perpend. Margo fequens ad vertic. Cornu fequens ad 2. obl. Margo przced. ad perpend. Longitudo cornu preced. 2: margine auftrali. Latitudo cornu prec. a mar- gine auftrali. - - Eadem latitudo. Longitudo cornu feq. a mar- gine precedenti. . Latitudo cornu feq. a mar- gine auftrali. dn Noné Pba[ff. Cornu przced. ad 1. obl. Eclipfis concavitas ad x. obl. Margo preced. ad perpend. Cornu preced. ad verticale. Margo prec, ad uu j 2 8 E E G H EH — o' 24 vl C —l * Y Vid. Fig. 8. © oo oo 00 00 O0 or O «o NO NO SD NO ND ND ND ND ND o \ 21 34 Finis — (d) :$o 5x Cornu prec.ad 2. obliquum. 5x 24 Cornufeq. ad verticale. st 45 Margo feq. ad 1.obl. $2 26 Margo feq. ad verticale; o 2 Margo prec. ad perpend. " 6 Longitudo Cornu prec. a margine prec. o 43 Latitudo corng preced. : a margine auftrali. o 43 Eadem latitudo. i 32 Long. cornu fequ.a marg. preced. Latitudo cornu feq. defideratur. In Decimá Phafi. 38 Margo praecedens ad r. obl. 29 Cornu praecedens ad r. obl. 4 Umbra recedit a Plinio. 20 Margo preced. ad verticale. 23 Cornu przced. ad. verticale. - 53 Cornu feq. ad 1. obl. 17. Cornuprzc. ad 2. obl. 2 Margofeq. ad r. obl. 47 Margo féq. ad verticale. RULES s Ova VIN MA JS ue 48 Tranfitus cornu przced. in- ter obliquos. o $4 Dimidium lat- Cornu Prec. a margine auftrali. y 23 Cornu prac. ad verticals, o 3 Longitudo. 3.57 Margo praeced. ad 1. obl. 3 41 ldem margo. 2 25 Longitudo obliqua cornu. feq. a x. obligzo. | 9 .4 Unmbrarecedit a Langreno. 9 19 Finis maris Ro bmp 13 40 Ariftoteles. 14 39 Cleomedes. te Y. Ar Js di Ao enm ow MG ue ame P ae a Eo o ETE y AW J | x tik ch PIU act E TR ms. 1 2f Y ) " = IR. - T T "Ria * - nas ^ zm D 3 k51- LX ph ge 7. ed x D rn pe " - *- » \ | ve Bo f S Apr du oho of a Book, Entituled, Ortus Medicus Amftelodamenlis, five Plantatum tam Ori- B entals quam Occidentalis Indie aliarumque peregrinarum Defcriptio. & Icones. Autore Foanne Commelao Urbis Amftelod. (dum viverit) Senatore. Et latinitate donatum, Notis & Ob- {ervationibus illuffratum a. Frederico Ruyfebio, ^M. D, Botan. Profeff. &c. & Francifco Kiggelario, Amt. 1697. Fol. And to be fold by S. Smith, and B. Walford, in St. Paus Church-Y ard. Wich many a additional Remarks by LP.Fellom of tbeRoyal Society. This Work is none of the leaft Specimens of Modern Mag- fificence and Improvement in the Hiftory of Nature, whi. ch though fhe opens daily fuch Mines and Treafures, yet is ne Nike to be exhaufted. The Art of Calcography has oven d to thefe Studies a new fort of Life and TENG &: the Beauty and Graces whereof, have drawn many HiuGrious Perions abroad, into a kind of Emulation who fhould excel in this Noble and moft ufeful Ornament: What the Ewghfb want in this Part, they have made up in their Critical Methods in their Dilcoveries of Non Defcript Species; and in their judicious References to the Synonimous Names of various Writers, ' e iones the terrible Vices of Confufion and Multiplicity have been very much corre&ed. For this I need name no more than a Worthy Member of tbe Royal Society, who has been pleas'd ‘to fhew fuch an admirable Skill and Talent this Way, as will — hardly. be match’d either in paft, prefent, or future Ages. The Authors of this Garden have here defcribed and ele- ' gantly Figured above a Hundred feveral Plants, which take in order, with the Illuftrations of many additional Syxonima, not mentioned by the Curious Publifhers. x. Ranunculus ethiopicus foliis rigidis, floribus: ex luteo - virefcentibus H. Tons 1. Tab. x. perelegans- D. Franqueville, foliis aculeatis Lob. iJIluff. 1 5 s. Imperatoria Ranunculoides Vs cana enneaphyllos, Lafzrpitii lobatis foliis rigidis margine ipis nofis Pluk. Tab. 95. Fig.2: Sphondilii Panacis rigido i hirtogs folio Planta Africana, caultica P. R. P. Umbellifera urens Ca- . pitis bonz fpei Alm. Bot. 198. .2. Alcea Carpini folio Americana frutefcens, flofculis luteis femine duplici roftro donato. H. 4f... 3. Tab. 2. Viginiana Carini folio flofculis minimis luteis femine duplici roftro f. pacalco pero H. Ox. $28; :S. ve Tab. 5. Fig. uit, Althea Vig. E bidens z | ( 30 ) bidensPimpinellz majoris acutiore folio,flofculis minimis luteis Pluk. Tab. 9. Fig. 6. 3. Chryfanthemum 23|}Snow | N.W. Rain S.by E.1 Lefs Cold| E.by N. 93| Rain E. I 79 Far — |N.N/W. Fair S. E. Fair .by N. 88 Fair 73 Snow NW. by W,| Rain S. E.1. 3 85 Great NELEI 77 N.N. W, Thefame Drought | E. 1 780. 1c Thunder | E. 24] : 88 78 Showers | E. by N. 28 - || Moft, 88 Cloudy | N.E.b.Eo, 74| $ E. 27- 75 || Hot and Dry N. E. 1 73 Fair E. o - rl Dry 85 ——— À— Cloudy (S. Igo. 6$ Em 83(^ : The fame| E. r - 80 PT E. o. 73 Fair Neo 65 v Little |N.r. 650. or || Rain 75 d Fair N. o 82 Warm 4 S. o 74 Pr— = ——— | ———) Cloudy | NE.b.N.o Fair S. o. 79 NN.E.1 Hot E.o 75 | E. 1 73 Cloudy |N. r i 5 = [ E 73 Warmer | N. N. E: ' lo. 8o | The fame 76 S.o 80 —————— RIP IDEE ’ [:] -— dE | | Total |t. 80 Total |7. 53 || Thefame| S. o | 9513- H J 75|3- 20 Place this between Pag: 48, 49- Philofoph. Tranfa&i. Numb. 237. Tab. x. A Regifter of the Weather, Winds, Height of the Mercury inthe Barometer, and Quantity of Rain falling every Day at Upminner, in Effex, the laft Six Months of the Year One Thoufand Six Hundred Ninety Seven. : IEEE RR ————————————— O@ober. November. 12. 9. December. 8. 13, July. 6. 12. 9. Auguft. 6. 12. 9 September. 6. 12. 9. 7. 12. 9 8. 12. 9. aa Weather Winds, JBarom. | Rain. | | Weather Winds, |Barom. |Rain Weather] Winds, |Barom. Rain. Weather] Winds. [3arom. gain Weather| Winds. Barom. jRaiu- Weather| Winds. .|Barom. Rain, - a = = a É aH l x — 4 Sala S.by E.1| 29. 73 Fair E.byN.i| 29. 98 Cloudy [N. Wo | 29. 75 Miflling |S. x 30. 19 Hard W.b.N.o| 29. 86[— Sew 2M Cloudy Is by E.2 72 N.É.2 | 30. 00 Mity |S.1 : Froftand| if. b. N.2 87 S Wo. 700. !| aires Se by Ee2 $5 Cool _| 29. 98 Warm |S.o 48 Mifty | Fair 89 Swo | s Fair '* by Eo 630. 51 NE.b.N1 93 Raün—-|5:5 —| — 7|». 1e] | Fair S: Na So] Showers W.by S.1 65 The fame| N. E. 2 . 92 Cloudy |S.by-E.o| 75 Warm | W:byS.o 11 Same N 94 SW o niv d 680. 4o|]] s- 90 Warm 7€ Pleafant { 07 99 Wb5N31 6. Ran S.by E 2 $9) Hot Sun | E.by N.o 88 Cloudy | S. by Exc "$5 1 N.o 39. os| — URINE] Cloudy |W.3 7i bu [Ei 89 ga es d 1 Same |N.N.Eo| of 84 Far | 789.05 |} Cool Air| E. 89 Rain ap. 72 5 | 06 — gs ——||Rain S.W.b.S1 69) Fair E.o 84 Fair SWb.Wi1| sd - Cloudy |N.W. 1| 29. 98 — Swi 85 S.by W.2 65 Warmer | E. 2 84 Cold S. W. $: 8 Snow N.N 89 85 -||Farer |W.r. 6o]. OO Air 86) Rain 28 Day 8o|. Half Inch| 96' — lm Rain Fair E. 1 78 Sg oo|t. 12 Rain—-| sw; 73[ so||Cloudy | N.5.E.2| 30. GS ; | S Wa 5°) Eo S.by W.2] 28. 9€ Fair W.b. $4 75 Fair N.N. E.1 o6 95 Fairer |S, W. x 490. 79 || Hot 85 29, 1359. 57 o9! S. by W.o, Mift E. Rain — [S. 16] Snow — [NW/b.N3| 29. 7 29. 95 y 1 ° 8 I E 3| 29. 98 dH 9 ed The fame} S. x Fair S. by E.o| a Stormy |E.&W.S| 28. 97 | Fair NW.b.Ni 99) 50 B Hot 87 Fairer |S,&c.ó | 29. 28|t- 35] | Cold | 30, o6] $n. 1 Inch 30. 66) WAYN 86 Cloudy |S.by E.o 8. 85 in |S. Cold —E.o. | 29. $3 Snow 6 |NiW. o | 29. 931 > yN.o Rain E. by N.1 The fame E. 83 N.t1 I3 Cloudy | E.5.E.0 91 Snow 8 |S. o 2 W.byS.o 79» 12||Fairer | E.N. E1 E. W. Day Inches |. 4g S. W. 68 r N.2 i S. 2. Fro; E. by S:o. 6 3 8 S.w.2 60 Rain Net The fame "n Cloudy |S,W. 4 64|o. 10 i É: ds 2 Pair Eo a Cloudy | S.S. W.1 44» 32/|.both | N. 2 pus 5 Fair : 85 WwW. 42[ 75 W. 2. Fair E.by N.1 sa || Cloud S. W.8 39 Hard GE S Snow á .W. 43 Waby Su Cooler | E.byN.2 és Eel W.S.W.4) 51 Eft |Eo | i To Slet .|S. b. E.1 a W:NW.o) 47] 77 Fai Fair 10] Thaw 42 | | Fair and | W.by No 58 0 W. 1. Cloudy | E.1. z Fair SWb.Wo| 88) Cloudy |N. E.o o8 Froft E. N. E.o| | Cool W. z 7i Rain N. W.2 : 8.2 2 and W.by Sl 30. o0 Froft j Thaw E.o $5 3. 6 NW, BAW 83 Fairer 1 W. 1 Rain 400. Io Pleafant | 15 Fair i o4l. Snow 2 46. T t EE ERE d — Em —————— ——————À A —: Rain 85 Fair W. 0, S. by E.o f Froft || W.byS.c 20 Rain Wiby s.r} 29. i ar jm Warmer|S, W. 1 Pleafant | W. 1 80) Showers WwSWwi Be and | 21 N. A SP SERE TG n E Ed Ee sb i 59 Dy LW.N.W1 82 : 2r. s9|| Mifty 1S. W.o 18 Fairer 720. 781 | Thaw 24.0, 99 Cloudy a | Fair S.0 76lo. o7 || Froft SEIS 17, Rai _ | N.byW.2 7o. oz||Thdw |S. by E.2| 14 2 Jy N.O 2 Fair N.1 68 i S2 ° I2 ae N o 85] Cloudy | : ipt 6s. rs||Ran - im 4 vair 1 88} Rain | ain------ T T = : cm [ws o5 | Pele Pee a. Ete m Hot a 2 i 1 82/0. 33 || Fair W.r 20| Froft sé e Pleafant |S. W, x 3| a fair oudy-- | S. W. 2 | 78) = ES à Wa | 83 Rain NA dB SUN N ES2 400. 82]|Cloudy |S. W. x 68 Gloudy Fair ;W.2 | 88 All Day Pas 30 , Mam 5 ae i R Cloud ; = 3 4*9 509) Say. :9: Wo B 5 Cloudy . 48] | tite” vss) Er o W.bySo 12 Froft__|W.b.So| 64] > Mifly -|E-r gi Fair Rain S.W.b. Wr! 75. eun E. by Nio 24 v Cloudy 79. an ES — uae CE 4 gale Fair Six | 62 e SW. $4 28 Cloudy MA E à Ed be ni Hard Froft Thunder 42 | Cloudy 53 Clio || os 32 Gola e| NT Wil eas Froft | NbyW.2 e E.byNzi| — s8 ^ || gar Sa 48 ES 34 ——[dáo— —— || Far 30. 04 air 39 | Fair W.I _ | N:byW.o, 27 -— 5 and | | Cool 45) Same Nb .W. 03 Froft ^, $7 Cool a sby E. 1 2 The fame N.b.W.| 03 Cloudy 'E.o $6 "S | 75 - Fairer | 8 Cloudy | | R E. by S.o| EE cloudy N. by Eo 32 ae os | 18 |] Clo | uin | S.S.W. A air | Ps "921 à = 4 | vitae | Siwia| 348° (2 ||Golder_|E.by sol — 2; SSIES RINSE rcm Mte Go Mifliag |N. 9 Fair W.byNo! | Hoar Fr. | S. v 5 72: » 20, TX. | W.byN.o 38 D :W.o 22 8 = a —— 19 Sidi W.NW1) 3 Say 2 CRY tS. W.r a Mit N.by E.o! 28 Set S5: wa 26 Say E.1 x if " Fur | Siby Waal am Shh - 20. $6 FOgETofÜ x ; 39}__} | Rain 28. 831. 204] Day 63 20 | |Showry GreatStor} Rain RUE Er Cai x ww 2 Cloudy | Nib.W.2 Balm Fog |E.2 Sol cam W.byS.i 29. 8f Thun.Ra $o1. 88 || gi. -$-W3| o2 Rain Do 26 Sleet N.b.W.3 82 Cloudy — || —— —-——_ = —— 3) ero. r4 [| 23 Cold 93 o. o1 || Colder 2 Rain W.byWr 75 Cloudy éo Cloud = = Cloudy NUNC wees 4 >i {|iair | W.byNut 21 Run — | S.t 60} eee [ese 35) MASH H 15 Cloudy |N.]f. 2 Rain - || Mifling |W. 1 60 Cloudy | Nola allie Hoe 31 hs | MAJ 16 83 || Cloudy | E. x. que Fg Mily —|SWibav — 48 Cloudy | W:bj&o ql old, [$. W.r 28. 98) d 29 Snow |W;byN.| gelo. 18 || Cold ene 22. | Rat | | Milling | W. r. | 84 pu $.W.2 | 29. 24l 5 Wiby S.o 25 il iro TERES | INS! a Rain-——, ER j | Fair S.W.b.So $00. 45 Bn Ww. 99. Shower B og S. W. o 5 Y Für Na : $8 Cloudy E.1 750. o \ | Fair Siby W.o 50, alr = PUE] Sleet 29. o8lo 09 EDT 90} rag '|Col |S1r | 48) a um 94 EU mum ss ERIE NE 1J S. byE.r 85] j|. Da So | 8) Cloudy | S. Wa 2. ; Fair o. 15 J| Goudy | s. x y 25 em ee Rain W.N.W. Cloudy 3 | 76 ‘ee FairThun. S1 $9 Fair ML Zhi 15 $now-—-| 6. 24 | | Great Sh.) W. & Ne sé| i 20 c| Seby W2 2/0, 46 with Hail} &S. | 6oy, of | | Sultry 2 Fair Rain S. 2. | 46| far — |W.o | 65 CIN SACS ish, wes REE CU SERES & suos | d 34jo. $6 a Pleafant | N. W. | 66|o. o8 ; DAD 80; Mard Are) Fair W. 5 eafan : 1 72 Fair Cloudy s. joy Same | W.S.W.2| 78 Eroft. |S.x and S. [7 2° ia Milling 38lo. 30 : 74 Dripping Warm 61lo, 03 ———— = SS EE pa — ee Fair N.E. o 38) Cloudy |S."W. 60) Rain S.E.b.S.2} Cloudy |W.S.W,. Rain Evi Al Warm ; Fairer |S.E.2 Fair 4 W.b. S: zs Cold 390. 24} | Rain 27 Rain Warm 3 87 Fair. E.o 27 Fair | ja. sa || Fair S. b.Wf. o, Cloudy | Wis. ae Clondy E.by N.1 25 Rain 21 Thaw S. 1 eA Rain 300. 84]||Stoermy dan 21 || Rain Mifling | 82 3 Cloudy Rain Fair Cloudy 1 S.byE.1| 29. coo 20] | Fair 31 | | Warmer | S. S. En 46 = and Rain S.1 7916. 19 ! | Air fharp Place this between Pag. 48, 49. — — le —— 39. o4[O* OF Mi—— 2568. 39 A eh ek Be he Ue SE a Reale is A rae ae) ol E SYM Ai et Se VUE Ye we Li y^ Hm 3 | (124.3147 WT EL ponds iy tpe, q^ PME s f - w— xn i EE ons n s le dae » i $ ,- E F D Neuen. ame c n mem dede V “as PT | (EM 5: i E 1 SE L. ( 49 ) - MI Part of a Letter from Mr. George Dampier, . Dated, Exmouth, November 10. 1697. to Mr. William Dampier, bis Brother, concern- _ing the Cure of the Bitings of mad Creatures. With a Remark on the fame by Hans Sloane, / Pou OU R Laft I did not anfwer fooner, becaufe I — ing flat.on it, the Mofé:and Grafs groweth up about and - had no Opportunity of fending the Herb you fent - for Cif 1 may call it fo) ; I fought Two or Three Miles. - about at firft, before I found any of it, and afterwards -. found fome of it as I was walking by the way fide; both ^. which I have fent you. I have fent it as it grew, .- - . without feparating the Earth, Mofs, and Grafs that grew about it, becaufe you may know it the better when you fee it ; you muft look for it in dry Grounds ; - . light and fandy Ground, . where Sheep feed, doth come monly -afford it, but on Emett Butts, and Banks only ; . Rich Land doth feldom afford it,but our Unkle did prefer: that that grows on good Ground, before that which - —. grows on too light Sand, for he utterly refufed what: grew in our Rye-Field Grounds, and would look for it - —1infironger Land, faying, that though it was the fame, . - At wanted Strength and Vertue, as the Land did it grows -- on. It is a. fort of fews Ear, and 1 know no other - ^ Name for it, but 4ures Fudaice, or Fungus Sambucinys,: which.is properly the Jews Ear-that grows on the Alder; this grows on-the Ground as clofe as may be to it, bes - co BOF amongft it. To ufe it, you muft dry itin an Oven, by the Fire, or in the Sun, then powder it, and pafs it through a Renge or fine Seive, the which mixed with the like Quantity of fine beaten and powdered Pepper, is the Compofition. When given to a Dog, the Dog muft firft be blooded in the Ear, or otherwhere, if you know a more convenient Vein or Place, and then wafh- ed well all over, the Dog being kept from Meat a con- venient while before, as a whole Night, or moft part of a Day before, then mix it well in a convenient Quanti- of Milk or Broath warm: If it be for any Cattel, it muft be alío blooded and well wafhed and given with a Dren- ching Horn, and the Dofe may be proportioned to the Bigneís or Strength of the Creature that is to take it: Toa Man orWoman it muft be given after Blood-letting, and well wafhing the Face and Hands, or Place that may be bitten, or all the Cloaths that the Perfon had on him or her, when bitten, to wafh away the Snivel or Drivel that comes from the Mouth of a Dog or other Creature when mad, for that is the only reafon for Wafhing. A Man or Woman may take it in warm Milk, Beer, Ale, Broath, or how he beft likes it, fafting, Two or Three feveral Mornings to make fure; the more Ceremony you make in giving it, the more it fcems to pleafe fome fort of People. After a Dog hath bitten Man or Beaft, it will notappear or begin to grow Mad till after a Full and New Moon, or New or Full; but when it begins to be Mad, ’tis very hardly cured ; yet our Uncle Dampier hath cured both Man and Beaft when Mad, but with much Care and Trouble, the mannet which way, he hath alfo told me, and you may have the Receipt if it may pleafe you: Therefore when you know any thing to be bitten, or füfpect it to be fo, ufe the Remedy as foon as may be after, and then, when given in time, it : prevents : | ( 51) | prevents all Signs or Madnefs at all, which hath made: fome indifcreet People fay it id no Good, they believe it would have done well enough without it : But our Unkle hath fully confuted that Miftake feveral times, by not Drenching a Dog of {mall Worth fometimes, in a Gentle- " - man'sCry of Dogs, which hath died Mad, and not one of the reft Sick, but havefollowed their Mafter's Game rather better than before. 1am fure that! had died, if I had not taken Three of my Unkle’s Doles Three ‘Mornings Fafting, in Warm Milk, by the Bite of a Grey- hound, for I eícaped narrowly, it being almoft too late: For I was Bit at Cearz, and knew not that the Dog had been Bitten by a Mad Dog, till after the Dog was Dead Mad, and a Meffenger came to acquaint me of it on pur- pofe, to Ceker ; therefore I caa truly fay, Probatum ef. And indeed, being ingenuoufly prepared and given, ’tis a moft Noble and Infallible Medicine. 1 have alfo fent you Two Dofes of our Unkle’s own preparing, which by ‘Chancel had by me, and am never without fome of it — wherever I ftay, by thofe Papers you may fee the Dofe . that he commonly prepared, and may doe the like if you . have occafion for it: During his Life, I was under an -. Obligation to conceal the Receipt thereof to my felf, - which, fince his Deceafe, I am difingaged of, yet I fhall hardly communicate it toany but your felf and my own Children. I was with my Unkle when a Dog had got- — ten inamongft a whole Heard of Cattel at Charmifter by ^ - Dorchefter, and had bitten fome, which growing Mad, — . and feeding together with their Fellows, when Mad, the — Driveling of them infe&ted many more, and the Diftem- per continued almoft all the Summer amongft them, ftill One or Two Dying, and Infecting more ; they drene. 7 ched them for the Murrain, and went to Conjurers,. — and told them,they were Over-look'd by fome unlucky — . Perfon, that had been deny'd fomething defired, or o-- E ; | | therwife. E :therwife croffed, and had Spells and Charms for that .Purpofe ; but allto no purpofe : But I hearing the Cir- cumftances,imagined the Dileafe,and ourUnkle being fent for, found Three or Four Sick, which he could not cure, but ordered all the reft to be driven Three or Four times through the great River, and all put from the fame Pa- fture, till after it fhould Rain a good Shower or T wo, which would wafh away the Snivel from the Ground, . and then Drenching them prevented any farther Evil, for not one was fick afterward. And then alfo ceafed thofe ill Cenfures the Neighbours had of a harmlefs, long Nosd old Woman or Two. The whole Heard was ear Two Hundred and Fifty, about Forty died: They all acknowledged that he did them above a Hundred Pounds Worth of Good. This was much talked of by Hundreds of People, who knew the Truth of it. Much more may be faid of this Mad Matter, but enough I think at prefent. ; Dr, SZoane's Remark on the foregoing Account. i dne E Simple or Herb mentioned in this Letter, is not Jews Ear, Zur zs the Lichen Cinereus terreftris, defcribed by Mr. Ray in his Fiiftory of Plants, p. 117. and grows commonly in moft Barren Places about London, and all over England, ! Wr OMS, Tbe Weigbt of one fingle Dofe of this Simple, and the —— Pepper mix'd, Communicated to me by Mr. Southwell, — — with Mr, Dampier’s Leave, a near Div. | — IV. Obferva- (53) WV. Obledatiorics Sinenfes, Communicate 4 Pats Jacobo vais Acad. Reg. Par. Sac. | M, eft n er à Patribus Societatis Jefa in Regia Pekinef do omicilium baleuiilus exemplar nonitla- rum obfervationum ibi habitarum ad fi tum illius Urbis de terminandum conferentium. Ex altitudine meridiana maxima (elle polaris obfer- vata Die 531 Decembris, 1694. correcto infirumento gra- - duum 42. 16. 50°. Suppofita refrattione Y. 17". et di. - flautia flelle polaris a polo tunc temporis gr. 2. 19. 57". eruitur altitudo poli gr. 39.54.56. Ex ejufdem ftelle polaris altitudine meridiana minima obfervata Die£us 7,8. 13 Maii, 1695. correcio inffru- mento graduum 37. 36. 40. fuppofita Refraciione 1°. 28". & diftantia flelle ane a polo gr.. 2. 19. 50. ern itur altitudo poli gr. 39. 55. 2. Negletla Refrattione altitudo maxima ftelle polaris deduila ex obfervatione 31 Decembris praecedentis faiffet (— fab initium Maii gr. 42. 16:. 43. . Et altitudo ejufdem minima tunc. fuit gr. pr 36. 40. uare differentia altitadinum — TE TOME E Et diflantia ftelle polaris a polo 2.52054 fs . Et altitudo polz apparens 39. 56. 4t. Ad hauc altitudinem apparentem fratre ex mea Tabula eft AEN OM FO. | Quare altitudo poli in Regia Pekinenft 39. 55. 30. ~~ Plures alia obfervationes altitudinum meridianarum ftet- —— Jaram fixarum in bunc ufum balite funt ; fed he mihi vi- 4 dentur omnibut preferenda. i . Pro. L4 C 54,) Pro longitudine Pekinenfis Ur bis obfervata Fes plures immer [iones primi Jovis fatellitis in Jovis Umbram ex qui- - (bus felegi quae babita eft die 18 Fanuarii, 1695. Telefco- pio pedum duodecim. Eo die obfervata eft immerfo primi Jovis fatellitis in . fovis Umbram fatta correctione horologit b. 31. 51. 14. Tabula uollre eo die banc immerftonem reprefentant b. 5. . 18.49. Obfervationes autem eodem menfe babita in obfer- vatorio Regio Parifienft oflenduut. Tabulas retardaffe tunc _ Lemporis minutis borariis 2. 30". — Quare fuit illa immerfo Parifis b. 5. 16. 19. Jtaque differentia meridianorum. | ater Pekinum Orbem Pariftenfem erit b.7. 34.55. Cum autem ex aliis obfervationibus olim dedutta fuerit eadem meridianarum differentia 7'. 36. fumi poterit b.7. 3905. Li duse Lf | V. A Letter from Dr. Geo. Garden, Dated. Aberdeen, Dec. 8, 1696. concerning Cater- pillars that deftroy Fruit. -F Had Occafion fome Years ago to difcover the true « 8 Origine of the fmall Catterpillar, which infefts the Blofloms of Pears and Apples, and deftroys the Fruit. You know the vulgar Conceit was, their being bred of Mifts and Dews, which Goedartius goes along with, but Dr. Lifter rightly Conjectures their Original to be from the Butter-fly, into which they are transformed, . though he feems not to have taken Notice of the parti- cular manner of their Propagation, as may be feen in Numb:60. of his Edition of Goedartius. The Bearers of thefe Trees you know are full of Afperities, and notfo yis : {mooth : [a d a | [mooth in their Bark as the other parts of the Tree. 1f after the Harveft and any time all the Winter over, you look upon thefé Bearers through an ordinary Microfcope, you will find the Cavities there full of Eggs of an ob- long Figure, and Citron Colour, efpecially in thofe Years and Trees wherein the Caterpillars have been nu- merous, out of thefethey are hatcht intheSpring. The Seafons which ufually deftrey them are, when there comes an early Heat, fuch as is fufficient to hatch them before the coming forth of the Buds and Bloficms, and when immediately there fucceeds a nipping frofty Air, which foon kills them. The Difcovery of this Manner of their Propagation, feems to give Light to thefe Con- je&ures, x. That we ought not to conclude that any . Infeéts are bred of Corruption, and not ex Ovo, becaufe we cannot difcern the particular manner of their Propa-- gation; for the Difcovery of this, you fee,is by Accident, . and not difcernible by the naked Eye. 2. That the Female Infe&s of all kinds of Flies and Butter-flies do probably put their Spaun near thefe Places, where the - Erucas which are hatcht of them are to have their Food, fo that they are to be fearched for in fuch Places, by thofe who enquire into the Manner of their Propagation. 3. They (cem to be fixed into the Cavities of the Bear- . ers by a Gluten, fo as that Rains do not wafh them off. 4. Thegreateft Frofts, 1t feems, do no hurt to the {mall "Eggs of Infects, for I have feen the Caterpillars hatch,af- ter moít Cold and Frofty Winters, of thofe Eggs which Y have obferved on the Bearers all the Winter over. 32 1 a t Vi. 0£. % - ia : "] ^ 1 * ] , , 2 t ^ ^ N * +e VI. Obferyatio de femina, qux, non obftante -. vaginz uteri coalefcentiá , infantem pe- perit. 0 A" feminam ruri babitantem in puerperio enitentem, | ante aliquot feptimanas accercitus eram, qu£ partae rientis doloribus per biduum laboraverat abfque ullo tamen Effeilu nam ne guttula quidem fanguinis aut aqua adbuc ef- fluxerat, vetula obftetrix que prius aderat mibi venien- tz retulit, fe nunquam quampiam V'ifitaffe, cujus Uterus. tam claufus erat, quod cum exploraveram ita fe babere fen- ff, nam Vagina Uteri (paulo fupra duttum Urina) firmi- ter coaluerat CO latera ejus tam aríle unita erant, ac ft femper Unica effent. membrana, nam fpecillo non daretur tranfitus verfus Uterum (nifi membrana prius perforata) ab ejus marito interrogabam quam diu Vulva tam claufa effet, refpondit per quinquennium , viz. a tempore prioris. puerperiz, quo in dificili partu buic obfletricaveram; quod. coalefcentia tam aréta erat non taidu folum, fed vifu depre- beudi : rebus fic habentibus, puerperii ejus fpem penitus ‘abject, fefellit me tamen conjectura, nam pofl integram . fere diem, multos forte[q; Enixos, una cum auxilio manus obftetricis aliquantulum aperta (C9 ni fallor lacerata) erat membrana, adeo ut digito minori daretur ingreffus: banc apertionem (ut ad partum conduceret) per [peculum matri- cis dilatare vifum eft, boc facto magna bemorrbagia latim. féquebatur, unde infelix famina ita debilitataerat, ut. fex vel feptem loris a partu infantis mortue expiravit. In animo etiam, atque etiam volutanti, quomodo feri poffet ut in utero conciperet bac mulier, ad quem membrum Semenve Virile nunquam accederat, mihi in mentem venit opinio dotlifimi Harvai noftri in libro de generatione divulgata (cui. ob banc. demonftrationem alfentire cogor) viz, | eu 2 | viz. quod fetus non formatur ex femine mafculino in uterum ejeclo, fed tota ma[Ja Sanguinis (quafi per contagium ) vim plajticum à Semiue virili accipiens ovis uterinis communi- cat, unde fiunt fertilia, eo magis cum illo fentio, quo- - siam fcio banc feminam Infantulum vvebementur appetiiffe, unde procul dubio eo majori defiderio cum virorem babuit, (& maxime probabile videtur quod inflatis mulieribus in- — flante coitus Spiritus eo tunc temporis affatim. affluentes effl«via aliquot a femine virili attraxerunt, Sanguinifg; mafje C9 deinceps ovis Cterinis Fecunditatem communi- carunt. | | | Nota quod non obftante bac claufura frequenter per meu[es purgata erat antequam utero concepit. Linse ee ee - VIL Account of Books. 1. Numifmata, 2 Difcourfe of Medals, Ancient and Modern 5 together with fome Account of Heads and Ef- figies of illufiriour and famous Perfons, in. . Sculps, &c. To which is added, a Digref-. fron concerning Phyfiognomy. By J. Evelin, Bfg; S. R. S. Printed for Benj. Took, 8c: 1697. in Fol. | ciens i) Bias Ingenious Author of this Treatife, who has. ^4 = fooften obliged the World with many ufeful Pie-. ces, cultivating and advancing as well Natural Philofo- phy as other Parts of Learning and Arts, bas in this Dif- courfé given s Learned Account of Ancient and Modern. Medals, informing the Reader, in his Epiftle, That ha-. ving begun this Work about Five Years fince, he defift- ed from profecuting it, uponthe Publifhing of Mr. Ae | ers. : ( 58 )i " ker's Treatife upon the fame Subje& ; but finding fome Particularities that admitted of a further Improvement, he went on again with his Defign; and, after a fhort In- troduétion, bewailing the Failure of Marbles, Statues, Trophies, &c. in perpetuating memorable A&ions, he begins his Firft Chapter with the fe of Medals, either made for Moncey, or to preferve the Memory of Worthy Actions, obferving its very early ufe in the World, and that the Firft Roman Money was Brafs, without any Mark at all; then fhews the Original of Stamping,which was for a Teftimonial of its being of fuch'a Weight.The Firft Si/ver ftamped at Rome was a little before the Firft Punic War, and Gold not till about Sixty Two Years af- ter; at which time the Worth of Gold to Silver was as 2: to One, though in the earlieft times it bore but a decuple Value, among the Romans and Greeks. t, coming to fpeak more particularly of Medals, hé is of Opinion, That they did not, when firft made, país for Money, but were ftampt in Memory of particular fa- mous Actions or Perfons. But upon the Inundation of the Goths, the Luftre of Medals ended, with all the more Polite Arts. Next he treats of the Materials ufed for Money, whether Leather, Paper, Earth, Porcelane,Co- ral, Shells, Linnen, or the like. He in the next Place fpeaks of the time when the feveral Metals came firft in ufe, and is inclined to think Iron and Copper were the Firft, of which he gives feveral Inftances. Then he proceeds to confider the Impreffions and Sizes, of which latter there were Three. : The Second Chapter treats of the Medals of feveral . Naticns, as Zielraic, Puric, Barbarous; thofe of the — Goths, Huns, Lombards, Sc. with the Britife Coins, where he fays, he has feena Series of all our Coins from Edward the Confeffor, to our prefent Times, except Ri- : chard | ( 59 ) chard the Third. Then returning to {peak of Medals, he mentions the Saturnalian made in Buffoonry, and touches upon fome of the Cuftoms ufed at that Featt ; and obferves, except thofe, no Medals were made but upon grave and íerious Occafions. Speaking of the Heads and Reverfes, he fays, Medals without any Re- verfe, arenever Antique; but may, without Head be good, Our Author next, makes feveral Remarks touch- ing the Heads, as whether naked or crowned, bearded or fhaven, (9v. as likewife of the Figures expreft at length on the Reverfes : He proceeds to the Greek Me- dals , with their feveral Ornaments and Reverfes , thence to the Barbarous, Parthian, Armenian, &c. and. foto our Saxon; of all which he defcribes the particu- Jar Ornaments on their Heads, (9c. then he comes to. Medals made of remarkable Perfons, touches upon Pa- ^ paland French Medals ; after which he mentions the curious Collection of Pyrrbus Ligorius, being twenty fix Volumes of Draughts of Medals, Infcriptions, Re- Jievos, &c. Greek and Romas; of the Duke of Savoy's, Duke Alber?’s of Bavaria, now in the Cuftody of the Royal Society, containing the Images of Romas Kings, . Confuls, Dictators, Knights, Tribunes, (9v. from the Foundation of Rome to Fulius Cefar; after which he Remarks the Nicenefs of the Ancients, in having. theirRefemblances taken by none but exquifite Mafters, whence we may well believe their Medals to be very. like them ; he concludes this Chapter, with a Propofal: of defigning in dead life by a very good Hand, what Medals of undoubted Truth can be procured ; and thefe. to be as welland exactly Eograven on Copper Plates. The Third Chapter treats of Ancient and Modern Re- veríes, as they relate to Hiftory, Chronology , and other parts of Learning, the.uíe and benefit whereof he fhews: in; uM | : ( '60 )) ^n feveral particulars, informing us not only in Hiftory and Chronology , but alfo giving the true Form of fe. veral Habits, Inftruments, Engines, Machines, Inven- tions, Atchievements, Cuftoms,@c. of the Ancients, but imperfe&ly otherwife defcribed, together with the Figure under which they reprefented their Gods and Genii, particular Countries, (9c. with the feveral Re- wardsas Crowns, (9c. for virtuous and noble AGi- ons: then deploring the want of Medals to illuftrate our ownHiflory he gives an Account of all or the moft that have been ftamped here from Edward the third , throughthe feveral Reigns, to the late Revolution, re- ferring the Reader for thofe made fince that time to the late Publifh'd ZZffoire Metallique de Guillaume Ill. by N. Chevalier ia fol. Amflerdam, 1692. | The Fourth Chapter treats of Perfons and Things deferving the Honour of Medals, tho’ moft of them never obtained it, and in this finds our Nation too defi- cient, and names {everal ingenious Worthies now li- ing. ARAM the Fifth Chapter is of J#/criptions upon Medals, and their feveral Forms and Differences, chiefly relating to Roman and Greek Medals: here he gives us the Notes send Abbreviations of words to be met with in Roman Medals. —— ET | In the Sixth Chapter he gives Inftru@tions for the procuring Antique and rare Medals, with Directions to diftinguifh the True from Counterfeits, prefenting a Catalogue of fome Alphabetically ; andin this place fhews the feveral tricks ufed in making the Cheats and Falfe cnes, and fets down fome ways to take off Me- dals by: a fortof Glew, and the like. : In the Seventh Chapter our Author Difcourfes of Mints and the moft skilful Artifls, with dire&ions to Colle& "uw ( 61 ) | colle& and difpofe Medals for the Cabinet , and adds fome Reflexions on the Modern Clipping and Diminuti- on of Coya. Here he obíerves the great number. of Mints in one Kingdom formerly, and the excellency of the Method now ufed in Minting,far beyond the old way of Hammering ; and in this place gives his Opinion and. Reafons againít either debafing the Coyn, or enhancing the Value, and then enumerates the moft eminent Ma- fters in this Art: Amongft them he mentions Zrecza of Milan, who Cut the King of Spaze’s Arms on a Table - Diamond ; nexthe gives a Catalogue of Authors treat-. ing of thisSubje&, with fome curious Collectors of our own, and other Nations ; and then concludes this Chap- ter with a Catalogue of thofe Medals that fucceeded Fo- vianus, where Mr. Walker's Catalogue ends. : The Eighth Chapter gives an Account of Heads and ~ .. Effigies in Taille douce,with particular Directions for fuch a Collection; prefenting us with a Catalogue of Perfons meriting a Place therein, as well Women as Men. ' The Ninth Chapter, which concludes the Work, con- tains a Digreffion Concerning Phifiognomy , where the - . Author beginning with the Head , goes through all the - Features of the Face, and Proportionsof the Body and - Limbs, giving his Opinions and Conjectures of theNa- tural Di(pofitions, Wit, and Qualifications to be gathered from the Obfervation of each Part and Member particu- larly ; for which, as likewife many other Remarkable . pieces of Learning and ingenious Remarks , we refer to . the Elaborate Treatife it felf,— e € 62 ) II. Cafpari Bartbolini Thom. F. Specimen Phi- - lefophbie Naturalis. — Accedit de Fontinm , Fluviorumque Origine Differtatio Phyfica Am- ftelodam. 1697. 12”” s H E Defign of this Piece is to Inftru& the Youth of Copenbagen in the Rudiments of Natural Phi- lofophy, therefore the Author delivers his Elements in a fhort compendious Method ; in which he treats cf 77y- pothefes, of the Underftanding in General, then proceeds ro Principles, as Matter, Form, Motion, Extenfion, ' Divifibility, Space, Time, Gc. Afterwards he handles particular Qualittes, as Heat, Cold, Fluidity, Solidity, Rarity, Denfity, Light, Colours, Sound, Tafte, Smell, Gravity, Magnetifm, (9c. He Examines the feveral Elements and Syftems of the World, the Earth with all its ffrata, Inequalities, and Foffils ; the Air and Hes. vens with the Meteors and Celeftial Bodies. After which he defcends to the Functions of Animal, and Vegetable Bodies, as Senfation in general, andall the Senfes in par- ticular ; Digeftion, Nutrition, Secretion, Excretion, Re- {piration, Generation, Mufcular Motion, Vegetati- on, &c. 3 D To thefe the Dutch Book-feller has annex'd a Differta- tion of the Authors, publithed in 47e. about Nine or Ten Years ago, which Difcouríes upon the Rife of Springs and Rivers, wherein he firft defcribes the internal and external Face of the Earth, with its feveral Beds, Lay- ers and Crufts, (which he derives from the Sediments of the General Flood, as well as of particular Inua- ; | . dations, » : ( 63 ) ^ dations,the f/rata being of different Textures,compounds, Simples, repeated over and over, which Szeao firft moft accurately diftinguifh'd, Prodrem. Englifh Edit, p. 39, 40, 41.) The great Inequalities on the Surface, | he ar. tributes to the difruptions and changed Situations of the Strata , which gave Birth to the Hills and Foun- tains. jr zn Amongfítthe many Opinions concerning the Origine of Springs, our Author only examines three or four, tho’ Monfieur Perault, in his Origine des Fontaines , ‘reckons up above Twenty two; and Dr. Plot is very co- ;piousin his Zeszam. Philofoph. The Alypothefes refuted ‘by Bartholine, are 1{t, thofe, which attribute the Caufe of Springs to the Condeníation of Vapours on the ~ Mountains, orin Caverns, Secondly, They who will needs draw them from the Evaporations of fubterrane- ous. Waters, either lodg’d about the Centre of the . Earth, or nearer the Surface, as Becher and Des Cartes. The Third Conje&ture, which our Author undertakes to oppofe, is that of bringing Springs from the Sea, by Filtration or Canals. me. Laftly, He delivers his own Opinion, which makes Rain-Water, ftopd by the Strata of the Earth, to be fufficient for the feeding of Fountains ; and - this may be Calculated from the Obfervations of .M. Perault , and Mariotte , to which Mr. Ray adds many Illuftrations in his Zhree Phyfico-Theological Dif- courfes, 20 Edit. 1693. | ERR ATA: ERRATA for Philefophical Tranfatt. Numb. 33. Pp” 730. l. 27. read tamen rettificandi 1. 30. felegi. | | T In Numb. 226. Page 6. 1. 1. dele dry p. 8.1. 8. dry fcorched p.10. 1.16. is often J. 21. Cloathes and Flefh 5.17. line.15..for MCK read NM CK ibidiLa r. for CR r. . "CK. ibid. 1.30. for Luna r. Lune ibid. l. 31. forquir.quz ibid.deleatur Lult. pai89. lag. forPofito r. Et pofito ibid. l. 45. add 0. 42 tbid. let thefe Fi- gures, Viz..2« 24. 2. $4. y 3. 24. be comprehended within one Brace ibid.1.28. : for tranfitus r. . Tranfitus ibid. l. penult." after borealiffimi add vel auftralif- . fimi p. 19. 1.16. for ipsà r. ipfa p. 20. l. 7. & 8. for fumpta, ut A T.r. . fumptam in diagonali ut A T. & dutta per T re&à ETF parallela ipfi AC ; ac ibid. l. 25. for 6h, 29%. 26". Y. 6^, 20', 26". p. 21. L 3. for. 6h, 30" 34" f 6^. 32'. 34". ibid. l. 6. after jam add videtur Eclipfata p. 22.1. 4. for O—K, r. NK ibid. |. 30. for o. 32. v. 0 35. ibid.l. 32. for 0. o. r. 0. 3. p. 23. l. 2. for 7. 6. 46% r. 7. 6. 40". ibid. l.X5. for 7^. 29'. 30". y. 7h 19/. 30". ibid. |. 24. for 7*« 29'. 4", v.7*. 26. 4". p. 25. l. 30. d 31. dele Idem com. -plementum f. 27. under |, 4. add fitus Cornuum ibib. under 1. 24. add fitu., Cornuum }.28. 1.5. for o' 24". r.2' 24" ibid. 1.30. for 9h. 3' 37". r, ph. 3.28" abid. |. penult. for Cleomedes r. Finis Maris Crifii, — | Lendon: Printed for Sam.Smith, and Benj. Walford, Printers to the Royal Society ; at the Princes Arms in Se. Paul's ‘Church-Yard. 1698. Jae ret. cas ede WURST | Philofoph: Transact:No. 25 8- ( 65 ) Numb.238. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. EL the e Month We March, 1698. i Se oe re ee The CONTENTS | | Hiftoria; & Explicatio figararum, Embryon . . quatuor Septimanarum, & placentam coty- " ledoniformem exhibentium, Autore Philippo Jacobo Hartmanno,Phil, & M. D, cc. I.Of the | Ufe of the Root Ipecacuanha, for Loofeneffes, . tran[lated from a French Paper: With fome Notes on the fame, by Hans Sloane, M.D. Ilf. Ac- count of a Monftreus Calf with Two Heads. - Communicated by the Right Honourabie, Sir Ro- . bert Southwell, V.P. R. $. TV. A Queftion in Mufich lately propofed to Dr. Wallis, concern- ing tbe Divifton of the Monocbord, or Se&tion of the Mufical Canon. With his Jue to it. V. Part of a Letter from Mr. Ray, F.RS. to Dr.Sloane, giving an Account of the Poxfonous Qualities of Hemlock- W ater- Drop- Wort. VI. Several Experiments about giving Variety of TinGures to oi &c. Communicated to L the ( 66.) the Royal Society by the Right Hanaulihle | Sir Rob. Southwell, V.P.R.$. VIL. An Ac- count of a very large Ecl, lately caugbt at Mal- don ia Effex; with fome Confiderations about — the Generation of Eels, by Mr.Dale. UX. Ac- count of a Book. The Hiftory of Poland in several Letters to Perfons of Quality, giving an count of the Ancient and Prefent State of that Kingdom, Hiftorical, Geographical, Phyfical, Political and FiesleGafical QN With Savina’ Letters relating to Phyfick. Voll. Yo which ds added anew Map of Poland. By Bern.Con- nor, M.D. F.R.S, and Member of the Colledge of Pose &c. I. I. Hiftoria : ; €» explicatio figurarum, Embryon quatuor Septimanarum, ©» placentam cotiledo- niformen exbibentium, Autore Pbilippo Facobo Hartmanno, Phil. & Med. D. Qu. . | AA Atrona quadraginta circiter annorum, tértium V B hunc aZertum iaciebat, anno 1685. Septem. 27. ante quatuor Septimanas ipfi menfes adhuc fluxerant, tertio autem qui abortum przceffit die Iinteis Izvigandis opcram navans, & cylindris ducendis manum admovet, exin die dicto fanguis. grumofus magna copia erumpe- re, quum alias Uteri hzmorrhagiz eflet obnoxia; fuccef- fit tandem placenta cum chorio, amnio & fztu forma oviintegri; quod ovum eitra ullam aliorurh contrattati- onem ac palpationem domum auferre licuit, ubi oticfüs omnia rimatus fum, : Figura C67 ) pie Figura T. Placente flrullure exterioris, quà Utero adbefe, | gartem Colyledoniformem exhibens. aaa (Sc. Magnitudo placentz, quz totius Uteri ca- vitatem implevit. | bbb. Pars cotyledoniformis meris glandulis glo- bofis obfita ; glandulz in medio rubicunda puncta often- dunt vaforum ruptorum ora hiantia : circa pun&a funt foveole quafi imprefíz, quas & fceleton monftrat : Huic parti colytedoniformi intus oppofitz erant veficulz rubicundo & flavo liquore diftentz, quas figura Il. ex-- primit. | cc c Loca in quibus fanguinei ductus infigniter erant conípicui. | Figura Il. Placente Struilura exterioris, quá Utero adbefit,partem alteram exbibens. E A. Locus ex quo vaía longiora avulía dependebant ; ubi Placenta Utero firmius annexa aut agglutinata fuit. B. B. Laciniz Placentz gracilefcentis. C. Foramen per quod Chorion & amnion prominebant. D.D. &c. Placentz globus quem omnes figurz repre- . fentant, ut totius Uteri cavitatem à Placenta fuccin@am — fuifle, faetumque in exdem tanquam in altero Utero five Utriculo contineri conftet, — pee — - Figuralll. | 5 — Placente Strutiure interioris pars prior cum Embryo, . x. Veficula infignior fanguirie rubicundo turgida. z. Veficula alia flavo liquore repleta. 3. Veficula maxima ibidem flavo liquore diftenta. 4.4.4.4. Veficule circum fitz minores, varia pro- ^ portione,varioque liquore,rubicundo,flavo,lim pido, piena. 5. Umbilicaiis funiculus cum vafis. 6. Embryon ; . figurz, megnitudiais, manuum & pe- j | ORG dum ( 68) dum fitüs, penis, podicis caudati, foraminis ani quafi à meconit nigrore punctati, helices auriculae, réctüs oris, accurata omnium delineatione. 7. Locus in quo funiculi tunica veficularum latebris fe infinuabat. 8.8.8. Sc. Spatium veficulis vacuum, chorio & amnio Placenta crepidinibus annexis. Figura IV, Placente Struttara interioris pars altera fine Embryo. X.I. I. Veficute varia magnitudine, Varioque in eis fi. quorum colore. z. Vafa fanguinea hinc inde commeantia. 3- 3.3. Gc. Spatium Veficulis vacuum, Placentz ex- panfionem cum annexa Chorii tunica oftendens, 4. 4. 4. Lacinia Chorii cum Placentz divulf parte graciliori, . $8. Foramen à Placentze & Chorii ruptura, Figura V. Embryon exhibens. A.Embryi Corporis habitudo. 1. Linea alba frontem dividens. | EE NE alix lineze alb ad fabam coronalem ten- . dentes. . 4. Duo pun&ta qux narium foramina defignant. 5. Helix auricule albicante linea difcreta. 6. Penis. | 7. Pedum digiti inequaliter definentes, cum exiguisli- _ neis fiffurarum indicibus ; eadem ratio manuum. - : Caudz eminentia cum punctato ani foramine. . Oris rictus; | 16. Medulla {pinalis albicans utrinque à fe verfüs latera exiles lineas albas, equaliter curtas, dimittens. II. Umbilicalis funiculus per cujus tunicam exilia vafa - tranfparent. Ue or. of |j (69) II. Of tbe 'Ufe of the Root Ipecacuanha, for Loofeneffes, tranflated from a Freach Paper : With fome Notes on the fame, by Hans Sloane, HEN the Remedies commonly ufed in the V V Practice of Payfick, have not been able to cure Dyfenteries, and obftinate Loofenefies, the moft famous Phy fitians have in all times been obliged to leave them to Nature, which, in fuch Cafes, feldom ends favourably for the Patient. — | D | . This has made me think, that I fhall do a thing ac- ceptable, not only to my Brethren, who may have usd the ordinary Methods ; but alfo to the Sick, who have not been able to recover their Health by general Reme- dies: I will difcover to them an infallible Medicine for curing fuch Diftempers, how dangerous and inveterate foever the Diftemper may be, without fear of any dan- : gerous Accident to foliow. | - Yet I am obliged to except from the Number of the - . Sick, who may expect Relief by this fo ufeful Method, _ which I here promife, {uch as are difeafed in their Lungs . under Decays, Hydropick Períons, becaufe the Flux Which comes upon them is a Sign of an Extinction of the Natural Heat, and approaching Death : all that can . be expected from my Remedies is, to prolong Life for fome time: But I do not promife them a perfect Cure. — CosT A give them Notice, that by the length of the Difeafe, they will be difordered in their Head, have a Hiccup and a Vomiting, with a Pain in the lower Bel- ly, accompanied with Stools reíembling the Dregs of Wine, or the Wafhings of Meat, {melling like Carrion, and it will be better to let them alone, for thefe are {ure n : M Marks (30) | Marks that the Gangreen is already in their Bowels, __ .. As for all others'fick of a Dyfentery, they need but to: obferve the following Rules, and they will be cured eafi- ly: Firft, they muft take for Three Days togerher,Morn- ing and Evening, one of the Papers of Powder marked. with A, diluted with half a Glaís of Wine, dnd as’much. Water, to difpofe them by Degrees for Purging, and to {weeten and correct the fharp corrofive Humours, "which are of the Nature of Agua Fortis, and the Spirit of Nitre, and which eat away the Tunicles of the In- teftines, and the Mouths of the Veffels, from whence it comes to pals, that from a fingle Loofenefs they often fall . into a Dytentery, becaufe thofe depraved Humours be- come fharp and corrofive, and the Malady augments every Day; fo that to make a fure Cure, we muft-be-. ein by deítroying the Sharpnefs and Malignity of thofe Humours, which is done by this Firft Remedy. AR Antim Diaph.Crabs Eyes.of each gr.x. Croc Martis, gr.viil. Mace, gr. iv. Ejemufteat {mall Broath Two Hours aiter,or aCruit of Bread dipt in it,or a Frefh Egg in Fathion of an Ammulet, and Dine Lightly ;. if they find- they have need cf Nourifhment, after Dinner they may eat. a Toaít and Wine and Sugar, or a little Bisket fteept in Water or. Wine. At Night they «nay take another: Paper markt A, as before, and Sup lightly. «| The Fourth Day they muft take the Dofe markt B. E Of good Jpecacdanha, well pulverisd, 51. with 3vj. of Cimameon diluted in {mall Broth, or. in half’ a-Glaís of. .. Wine, to clear the Stomach of a vifcid Bile, that weak. . ens the Natural Heat, and hinders the Digeftion of the Food ; ‘fo that the Chyle growing fower, inftead/ of - growing better, does change all the Mafs of the Blood, — andtrouble the whole OEcconomy of the Body, which. produces all the Accidents which ordinarily accompany — this Difeafe, they fhall take, Four Hours after,fome Broth, . ) and. OE ae ( 71 2 | and the remainder of the Day eat fparing!y, the Day af- ter they fhall take Two Papers markt A; as before. The Seventh Day they fhall take the Medicine markt C. R Good Rubarb, 3ij.. Ipecacuasha gr.xv. pulverize them well,and mix :hemin a Glafs of Ptifan,D.deferibed hereaiter. This Medicine will.take away part of the Obftructions ; they fhall take, Two Hours atter, Brotha. . The Ninth Day they fhall take the Dofe markt B 2.. & Good Zpecacuanba Sij. with Cznamon gr. vj. well pulverisd, and mixt with Broth or Wine. _ The Eleventh Day they muft take a Second Medicine markt C. and obferve the fame Regimen as at Firft. . .— On the Thirteenth they mutt take the Dofe markt M B.3..Be Good Zpecacuanba dj. half a 5 Cinamon with vj.gr. _ . +o: Nutmeg, and obferve the fame Diet as on the Two | others. : | - -,On the Fifteenth they fhall take the Dofe markt B. 4. R Good Zpecacaanba 8j. with Nutmeg gr. x. well . pulverisd. They muft keep themfelves as on the Three former Days. | | . "(Tho by this Time they find themíelvescur'd, yet they E muft take. Care, that they fuffer not Cold in their Feet, nor elfewhere, while the Diftemper continues; andthey muft yet obferve as flri& a: Diet as if they were fick, - without Fafting or Drinking iced Drinks. They mutt Purge once in Fifteen Days with the Medicine markt C. - »by which means they will infallibly prevent a Relapfe, _ by freeing Nature of the Weight that oppreffes it. | _ The Days that are not markt before for taking any - Remedy, as the 8th, 10, x2, they fhall take in the . Morning and Evening one of the Packets, markt A, as - before. | : If the Sick has no reft in the Night Time, becaufe of great Pains, or too frequent Stools, ‘tis convenient to _take a Spoonful, or onc and a half of the Syrup of Coral, : | M3: accore | (72 ) iam » according to the Violence of the Diftemper, mixt with a Glafs ot Ptifan. This Syrup will allay the Fermentations, and the Boylings of the Humours, and procure fleep, which re- pairing the Force of Nature, will give the Remedies Li- berty to act more effectually. We muft alfo take a Spoonful of that Syrup at the Evening of that Day, in which they have taken the Re- medy B, or C. All thefe Remedies markt before, muft be takenin the Morning Fafting, and Two Hours before Supper. Thofe who do not love to take them mix’d with Liquor, may take them ina Wafer, drinking after them. "Tis to be remark’d, that one muft, as much as be can, hinder himfelf from vomiting. If any of thefe Reme- dies caufe Vomiting, asit happens fome times, one muft not be difcouraged, for he fhall not fail to be cur'd, not- withftanding, becaufe thefe Remedies act briskly on the Caufe of the Diftemper, only hemuft take to drink after his vomiting, Three or Four Glaíles of warm Water, that he may vomit with lefs Pain. Children, delicate Perfons, and Women with Child, fhall ufe it in the following Manner : . - For Children that are yet Sucking, or areunder Three Years Old, they muft take but the Eighth Part of the Dofés of the Remedies. Children from Three Years Old to Ten, fhall take aFourth Part: From Ten to Fifteen, a Third, from Fifteen to Twenty, the Half: The fame Dofe will ferve for tender Perfons, and fuchas are Aged, and Women Big with Child. As for robuft Períons, from Twenty to Sixty, nothing íhall be dimini(h'd from the Dofes above markt. All Perfons, who by reafon of their tender Conftitu- tion, the Weaknefs of their Age or big Bellies are forbid the whole Dofe, fhall ufe the Remedies a fecond time, in (75) in the manner I have now prefcribed, if the firft Dofe do not cure them; and by this Means may be aflur’d of recovering a more : perfect State of Health than ever they had... In many Occafions, when the Dyfentery is accom- panied with a Fever, that the Evacuations of Blood are extraordinary, or the Pains exceffive, the Patient may .. be blooded once or twice, if the Strength of the Patient allow it, to empty the Veffels, to calm the Pain of the Fever, and ftop the impetuous Motion of the Blood ; af- "tet which, the Remedies may be continued. In this Cafe, I would adviíe to take, before all things, the me B. 4. which before is ordered for the Fifteenth Day ; take away that Fulnefs, which is fometimes fo Tu _ that there is Danger in delaying i it; after which the Pa- ‘tient fhall return to the Dofe markt for the fir Day,and fo for the reft ; onthe Fifteenth the Patient fhall reft. After all thefe Remediesare ufed, che Party fhall take for Fifteen Days,a {poonful of the Stomachick Elixir,pure,. _or in Four Spoonfuls of Water ; "tis made after the fol- . lowing Method : The Stomachick Elixir. R Of Red Stunde? b Lignum Alves, each half an: - Ounce, Cinamon two Ounces, of little Cardamoms, Ga- langall Gloves, Zedoary, each an Ounce ; of Anis-feed,. Fennel-and Kermes, each two Drachms; of Liquorifh,. two Ounces, of Cafhu, of Chry {tal Mineral, of each. one Ounce; of Raifins four Ounces ; Dates, ten or Twelve, cut the Dates and the Raifins into little bits, and having beaten that which ought to be beaten, put all into a Matras,and pour upon them aQuart of Brandy, in which the Chryftal Mineral fhall be diffolved ; infufe them a whole Night, and the next Day add two Fen 0 i a - Of Agua vitz, and let all infufe in the Cold for four Days, fhaking the Glafs four or five times a Day, then filter che Liquor and diffolve a Pound of fine Sugar in the Elix- Ar, which is thus compleat. | | Its Effect is, to fortify the Brain, the Heart, and all the Noble Parts, weakened by the Diffipation of the Spirits; to fortify the Stomach, and correct the Crudi- ties, and diffipate the Wind and Swellings thereof, which are common Accidents of this Diftemper. One muft, during the Courfe of the Difeafe, eat lit- tle, and fhun what is of hard Digeftion, and hardly di- ftributed, or eafily corrupted, as Pafly, Beef a la Mode, Pork, either falt or Frefh Meats: andieat things of good Nourifhment, fuch as are Broth made of a Piece of Beef, of the Bloody End of a piece of Matton, or a Par- tridge, or-an old Cock, whofe Bones have been broke, and that without Herbs; inftead of "which, one may take Two or Three white Onions, with as many Cloves in them, refraining boild Meats, when one can have o- ther Nourifhment, till he feel himfelf perfe&ly well, be- caufe they load the Stomach, and eat to Dinner and Sup- . per roaft Meats, tender and nourifhing, thatare not lar- ded, chewing theMeat well beforehand; to drink at his .Repafts old Wine and Water, and take for his ordinary ‘Drink the Peé/ae after markt. - . Above all things, the Patient ought to keep himfelf ina quiet frame of Spirit, that he fuffer not himfelf to be tranfported by any Violence of Paffion, the leaft of which is able to raife a new Ebullition of the Blood, and. sto trouble the Humours. — 4 LAE “dt Ld ! C25.) If che Patient be not Rich, and cannot go to dé Ex-- - pence of theíe Aliments we have mention’d, he. may. make Broths as ‘he is able, or Milk Mente or Food with Water, as it fhall moft agree with. his Palate, with many frefh Eggs; this fort of Nourifhment will cover the affected Past, and will defend it and pre. ferve it againft the Sharpnefs of the Humours. | ^Tis ordinary for the difeas'd to believe that theirDyfen- - teries comes from Heat ; to allay which i imaginary Hear, they ufe Water, Chicken Broth, or Whey, which often - proves mortal to the Patient: ‘Therefore ^ tis neceflary to give Notice, That "tis very neceflary for them tofor- bear much drinking, undifcreetly to quench their Thirft ; . for the Heat. and Thirft which they teel, are only Symp- : toms.and . Accidents. of. their Diftempers, and not. the Caufe, they ought-therefore to. be more moderate in drinking: than ordinary, feeing nothing hurtsthem more - than Excefs of Drinking, which weakens the | Stomach, | and Stifles the Natural Heat: "Tis therefore convenient, only to gargle the Mouth with Water fugar’d,or to keep : fome little Verjuice in their Mouths, that may keep. them frompbeing Thirfty ;: but if be drink, it muft not be till one Hour after Meals. Seeing it may: fallout that : fome, are enfecbled and emaciated by the length - of the Difesfe, 1t will be convenient in the Intervals to - give them Cl ly ters m made of Broth, which will ferve to $aintain them, and to bring them more quickly to their | Strength. «After the ufe of the Remedies, they may, _ tokeepthemfelves ina good Habit of Body, take Goats ‘er Gows Milk,. with a little Chocolate, which we leave - . to the Judgment of the Phyfician, putting always to it, alitle grated Nutmeg, and Four or Five Grains of Sale ainetho Mills, that. it may not-curdle.{o foon,. ( 76 ) The Ordinary Ptifan. ' Re Of Red Saunders, the Rind of the Pomgranate Z 3} Tormentil Roots Zs. Wild Succory and Dandelion @ ij. choice Sumach 3ij. Leaves of Agrimony, Two Pupils, ^ LAE | Make all boyl over a clear Fire, in fix pints of Water, which ought to be boyI'd to one half ; at the End of the Deco&tion, as you take it off the Fire, add to ittwo Drachms of Cinnamon, and as much Powder of Li- quorice. —— . K one be in a place where all thefe Things cannot be had, he may ufe a Deco&ion of Dandelion in Smith's - Water, with a little Cinnamon; if the Pains whichac- _ company the Flux, continue while. he ufes the Reme- dies that ferve for Purgation, he fhall take, as there is need, Clyfters made after this manner : (€ lyfters. F Shepherds Purfe two Handfuls, Linfeed 2s, Red Rofes two Drachms, Salta Handful. — jet Make al! boyl in a Decodtion of Barly, ftrain it, and mix wit. it the Yolk of a frefh Egg, and two Ounces of Honey of Rofes.. Thefe Clyfters will, in a great mea- füre take oft the Pains of the Guts. If the Pains be very violent, one may add two Heads of white Poppy: But care muft be taken not to miftake the Pains of the Guts. for the Pains of the Fundament, which may be opened by the Hemorrhoids; to sppeafe thefe Pains one may ufe Ju- niper-Oyl,drawn by a Retort inan open Fire,from which theSpirit is feparated by the Tunnel.If the Hemorrhoids be outward, you muft rub them with this Oyl witha | | Feather, "Caufes. mt pu i Feather, every fourth Hour; or if they beinternal, ege mutt Siringe it with a quarter of a Spoonful ofthis Oyl, — the Pain will ceafe in lefs than Two Hours, and the He- -morrhoids will wither away, without having need of ap- plying any other Medicine. This was Communicated ~ to me by Mr. Gafelier, one of the beft Artifts of his Time, of whom it may be faid, as a fufficient Mark of Honour, that M. Co/Zert (who did, with fo much Judgment, take . Motice of every one's Merit) imployed him for his Sur- - geon, and had him highly in efteem.. I make an end by telling, that there are a geat many, -.- Who cannot be perfuaded, that there are any General Re- -medies; Thefe will not give greater Credit to this, than others that have not good Succefs. Town it to be hard enough to underftand, how the fame Remedy hath an equal Force on Patients of different Temperaments, in different Conditions, attackt by Difeafes of different Kinds, and which do not always come from the fame But if no Body, at prefent, difputes the Vertue of Quinguina, and if that Medicine is received as Univerfal - by all Phyficians, itought not to appear fo extraordinary, if there be found other Specificks, that equal this in its extent, which are as Sovereign in all forts of Fluxes of the Belly, as this is for all Intermittent Fevers. "Tis true, that the Help which this gives, does excel the Quiz- quima,that they cure without Relapfe. But as nothing . but Experience can make known the Truth, the beft way - 4s to keep ones felf free from Prejudices, and to fufpend — hisJudgment till the Event fhew what we may believe . fit. | | à | It is convenient, to tell thofe who fear to take thefe | Remedies by the Moutb, that they may be cured by an . outward Application, the Ufe of which, T ought to keep . to my felf, to give to every Patient in particular, that : N demands ( 78 ) demandsit. I muft alfo give you notice, that (ome Per fons have counterfeited the Remedies which I have given for the Bloody Flux, but the Succefs has not been. aa- fwerable to their Pretences, therefore Men muft be on their guard, and not fuffer themfelves to be abus'd ; for Laffure you, that I have communicated my Secret to none but his Majefty. Some Notes on thu Paper, by Hans Sleane, M. D. - Ltho' I am of Opinion that the Root mentioned in A the foregoing Paper, is not fo infallible a R for Fluxes, as ispretended; yet confidering that fome- times thofe Diftempers yield not to ordinary Means, and that this has a great Reputation in our Neighbour Na- tions, and may be had in this, I thought it might be beneficial to the Publick, to have it ( which was communicated to me by Dr. Charles Prefton ) Printed in Exglife, that it may be confidered of, and brought in- to ufe, if by proper Judges of the Circumftances of the Sick, it may be thought Harmlefs and Helpful. In order to a fuller Underftanding of it, I think it ne- ceflary to take notice, that Pifo, in his Edit. 1648, f. 10r. 1658. p. 2.31. Pomet. p. 46. Marcgrave, p.16. and an Author at the End of Dr. Liffer’s Exercitations lately Printed abroad, have treated of this Herb, It feems to have been firft taken Notice of by an A- nonymous Portugal, who lived in Brafle (fuppofed to be one Manoel Triffaon) whofe Book falling into the Hands of the Znglifb, is Tranflated and Publifhed by Purchas, in the Year 1625. In whofe Pilgrims, Fol. 4. Lib. 7. Cap. 1. $ 5. p. 1311. he fpeaks of an Herb call- ed in Brafle, Jzpecaya, or Pigaya, whichl verily believe ta be this. dgpeeaye; C 79 ) : fgpecaya, or Pigaya, fays he, is profitable for the Bloody Flux, the Stalk is a quarter long, and the Roots of another, or more, it hath only four or five Leaves, ic {tnelleth much wherefoever it is, but the {mell is rong and terrible, this Root beaten, and put in Water all Nighe at the Dew, and in the Morning, if this Water with _ the fame Root beaten and ftrained be drunk, only the Water, it caufeth prefently to Purge in fuch fort, that the Laske ceafeth altogether. _ Moft of this is Tranflated into Latin from Parchas, by jo.de Laet, Amer.Lib.15.Cap.10. p.566. from the Hint of whom, I fuppofePzfo and Marcgrave inquired more after - it in Brafile ; from whofe Inquiries, I conjecture, we may have fo good an Account as they give us. 4 . —— ae Perfons of Quality, giving an Account of the Ancient, -and Prefent State of that Kingdom, Hiftorical,, Geographical, Phyfi- cal, Political and Ecclefiaftical, Gc. with feveral Letters relating to Phyfick. Vol. I. To which is added anew Map of Poland. By Bern, Connor, M. D. Fellow of the Royal Society, and Member of the Colledge of Pby- ficians, &c. London Printed for Dan,Brown, Cre. 1697. in Svo, went N this Hiftory of Poland, the Author gives an Ac- count firft of its Origine; that about the middle of the Sixth Century, it came to be a diftin&t Nation,when as yet it had no Cities, no Money, or written Laws; | the firft City was then Built by Lecbus near the State of Brandenburgh, naming it Guefna; then treating of their Policy aod Princes, which at firft were cal- led Dukes, he gives a particular Hiftory of all their Dukes and Kings, down to the prefent King Frederic Augnflus. ‘Thefe he divides into Four C/affes, the firft beginning Az. 550. ending Av. 830. when the Go- vernment canie into the Families of Pér/tus and Fagello, (ex moneo evo ae | | (99 ) ur tothe Year 1574. Which he profecutes through the Reigns of feveral Kings, down to Szgzfmund Il. when the Fagellonic Race ended, which make the Second and _ Third C/affes, cafually making feveral Remarks on the the Government, Nature of the People, and the like; - with the times and occafions of the Building of feveral - -of the chief Zowuzs and Cities. The time of the Zey- tonic Knights Eftablifhment in Praia ; how the Latin Tongue came to be fo frequent in ufe, when the Zz- theran Religion came to be there Propagated ; the Focue lar Common-wealth of Babina, when and how Inftitu- ted. Thefourth Clafis confifts of mix'd Families, from _ the year 1574. to 1674. and here he obferves when Courts of Judicature were firft Ere&ed, with the Ori- ginal of the Coffacks, and extent of their Dominions ; their Country, Character, Cuftoms, Religion, @c. and in all thefe Reigns gives an Account of their Wars and Victories , Policies, (9c. with a particular Relation of the famous Raifing the Siege of Vienna, by Fohn Sobi- eski late King of Poland ; and gives an Account of a Di- fpute, he had himfelf, in his Court with feveral Divines, in the King’s prefence, touching the feat of the Rational Soulia the Body, and caufeof Death, not from the Se- paration of the Soul from the Body, but more proper- : ly from the Ceffation of the Heart’s Motion, the other being rather a Confequent thereof. Here he relates the Circumftances of the Princefs's Mariage to the Duke | —— ef Bavaria, whom the: Author attended as her Phy- — fician, in her Journey from Poland, the particulars —— whereof, with her Reception at Braffe/s , he relates, - and gives fome Account of the Election of the pre- — fent King, which ends his Hiftory of their Kings. Next (100 ) "Next he gives a Geographical Defcription of Poland, its extent, Provinces, Towns, Produdts, @c. As to the Towns, he fays, the greateft part thereof are Tim- ber built; and Thatch’d, the whole Number of Cities, Towns and Villages, amounts to near 1700c0, of which not above Twenty are Walled; givesa particu. lar Account of the Univerfity at Cracow, its Colle- ges and Learning, withthe Churches and Monafteries there, aslikewife of the Salt Mine there, with the Ma- nufacture and Revenue thereof, amounting to Eight hun. dred thoufand Polifh Florins yearly : ‘Tis obíerveable, that in fome places of the Mine, the Vapours will take Fire from a Candle, fo that they dare not work there. He alfo tells us of a particular fort of Manna, gathered off the Ground, of which they make feveral forts of Difhes for their common Food. Treating of Pruffa he fhews their way of making Glafs: Speaking of the City of Thorn, he fays, they have in a publick Li- brary there, two of Cicero's Epiftles written upon Ta- bles of Wax. In the Province of Red Raffa, on the . Shoar of the River Sas, are found Trees Buried, ve- ry hard, and black as EZeny : Near the City Xiow, they fhewthe Bodies of Perfons long fince Dead, and Pre- ferved in Cavesof a Sandy dry Stone. There are feve- ral Obfervables touching the Liberality, and other par- ticular Cuftoms of the People, as the remains of Hea- thenifh Supe: ftition and Sacrifices ftill ufed,viz. by thofe of the Province of Samogitia, &c. for which we refer to the Book itfelf. j Next he comes to fpeak of the Origine and Extent of the great Duchy of Lithuania, with the Defcription of its Towns, and Succeflion of its Dukes. In Vilna the : Den chief 3 | ( ror) chief City thereof is a Bell, which requires above. Twenty four ftrong Men toring it ; and here likewife he mentions feveral Idolatrous Cuftoms and Rites for- merly obferved ; and fpeaking of the Woods and De- farts of Lithuania, he gives the Relation of feveral Children that have been bred up and fuckled by the Bears, with their Cubs, with Obfervables of their eat- ting raw Flefh, wild Honey, and Crabs ; with the Dif- ficulty of making them go Upright, bringing them | ^. to Speak, and the like, whichends this Volume. At the end of this Treatife the DoGor gives a Com- pendious Plax of the Body of Phyfick, or his Corpus rationale Medicum, being his Chymical and Anatomical Method ; for underftanding the Oeconomza Aximalis, the Nature of Difeafes, and the Materia Medica, as it was by him demonftrated at Oxon, London and Cambridge ; firít of the Elements, Fabrick, and Syffem of the World; then of the Elements of Terreflial Bodies, next the Stru- diure and parts of the ZZuman Body, in all its particu- lars ; and laftly of the Union of the Sou/and Body; coming tofpeak of the Mareria Medica, he affirms, All inward Difeafes have their first Seat in the Mafs of Blood ; that there are no Specifick Medicines for any particular part of the Body, and that outward Applications can- - ' — mot avail much for inward Diftempers. He divides all the Materia Medica into "Two C/affes, evacuating and . altering Medicines; where he reduces the Chymiffry and — - Reafon, the Nature and Operations of Medicines ; this, he fays, he endeavoured to demonttrate at Oxford, &c. | and here he gives hopes of his obliging the Publick in a |— few Years, with a Latin Treatife of the Principles of (oc Phyfck, and of the Occonomia Animalis; he fubjoins a | farther Explication and Vindication of the Plan of the hr | | ^ Animal NBN S. is Animal Oeconomy ; and here, in order to a general view of the Univerfé, he propofes Matter as the firft general Principle of all Bodies; and conceives Matter to be the only thing we have any clear Notion of , its Properties are divifibility and impenctrability, one part of Matter differs from another oniy in bulk, motion, or figure, and according as it differs from others in one or more of thefe Qualities, they will conftitute different Bodies; and he requires but thefe three Qualities, to give a general Account of the different parts of the. World, asthe Stars, the Ztherial, Fluid, and Terre- ftrial Bodies: The Atoms of the firft Matter have a le{S Bulk and more Motion, the Atoms of the Second Matter are properly Spherical, have as little Bulk but lefs Motion ; the Atoms of the third Matter are of an irregular Figure, and none, or a flower Motionthan the reft ; the Stars confift of the firft, the Atherial Fluid of the Second, P/ametsand Terreftrial Bodies of the third: The two firft are exteriour Agents, and ra- ther influence a Motion into the Terrettrial Bodies, than enter into their Compofition. Thefe then are his Prin- ciples by which he explains the PLememema of Na- ture. The laf Letter isan Account of a: Latin Treatifé late- ly Publifh'd by the Author, called Evangelium Medici, feu Medicina Myftica de fufpenfts Nature legibus ; in which he compares /upernataral Effets Philofophically, with Nataral ones, and explains them by the Princi- ples of Phyfick; and firft he gives the reafon of his At- tempt, which was to Anfwer thofe that denied the Be-_ ing of Supernatural,Effedts, becaufe they could not apprehend them; in order to profecute his Defign , he lays down for a Bafis, the Structure of the Human Body, . - Body, as far as it is diftoverable by Anatomy, Microfcopes’ - and Chymifiry ; next the Casfe, Nature, and Laws of * Motion, which isthe only true Caufe of all natural P5z- E nomena; andthe Sulpenfions of thefe Laws of Mo- — aide», are the only Caufes of all Supernatural Effects: — [4 Three ways theíe Laws may be fufpended, and by one | : or more of thofe ways of Sufpenfion, he conceives all Supernatural Effects may*be folved. By Swfpenfton. he - does net underítand a changing or abrogating the Laws, ___ only their Courfe being ftopt for a time, while the Ef- ~ fect is produced. For a fuller Explication of this curi- ous, and difficult Subject, we refer to the Learned Do- étor’s Letter, or rather to the Treatife it felf, of which: this Letter is buta fhort Abftract.. : Gg La » London: Printed for Sam.Smith, and Benj. Walford, Printers to the Royal Society , at the Princes Arms in.Se Paul's , Church Yard. 1698. a * cw 3 ea Re ees dimos gni d Ne "a m S Tn T ADI io bue. j ^ sal E M (Qus — Numb.2 39. PHI LOSOT SHICAL TRANSACTIONS. TUN the C A. April, nes ' Carigueya, 5a « Mapa Americanum. Tbe Anatomy of an Opoffüm ; diffe Bed at - Grefham-Col lege by Edw. Tylon , M. D. Fellow of the College of Phyficians, and of | the Royal Society, and Reader of Anatomy — at the Chyrurgeons-Hall, i» London. . ^W HIS Avimal was brought from Virginia, and pre- | fented tothe Royal Society, by Wil. Bird, Efq; and b. kept alive in their Repofitory for fome time. But of - late languifhing and falling from its Meat, it died. The Caufe of its Death we fhall fee, when we come to the Diffe&ion : But firft of all, we fhall take notice of the - , feveral Names given it by different Authors: Thea fhall | give a more exact Defcription and Figure of its outward Shape : And laft of all, we fhall obferve the SiruGture and Formation of the Parts within; eípecialiy where dil: | ferent from otaer Animals. | R @ And ° (^ 106 ) And as tothe Names, | find that Georg. Margravi- us (a), and fo lkewile Gal. Pifo (4) tells us, That "tis calied in Braftle, and on the Sca Coafts Carigueya; by fome, znd in the In-land Contries, Zmpatitma. In Peri- guay, Zai-ibi. Franc. Hernandez (c) faith, "Tis called, Zlzguatzin, by the Indians. Antonius Herera calls it Tagzatzin ; and the Modern Spaniards, by a Corrupti- on, Fiasuacam; as Fob, Eufeb. Nierembergius (d) in- forms us. Fob. Per. Maffeius (e), and Cafpar Barleus (f ) calls it, €erigo. job. Leriu (g) calls it Sarigey or Carigey. Fob. Stadenius (b) or Stadius, as he is Printed in Theodore de Bry, writes it, Servoy or Serwoy. By Cardan (1), and Oviedo (k) ’tis called Chiurca & alibi Chucia, in the Moiucca Vlands ’tis called, Zurca. In Virginia, and generally by the Englith, "tis called Opoffum, as by Ralp Hamer (1), and others. Fob. de Laet (m), and Captain Fohn Smith (n) writes it, Opaf- fum. Mr. Ray (o) calls it, the Poffam; as do alfo our common Seameo.. I co not findany Latin Name given to it by any Body, but by Gefser ( p), who, that it might not be Zzesymeus, forms that of Semi Vulpa, quafi Simia Vul»ima; or, as Aldrovandus (4) calls it, Vulpi-Simia, as if this Animal was of a middle Nature, between a Fox and Ape: And, anfwerably, in Greek it € À n —À N.B. In my Quotations of any Author, if what occurs. be in the fame Book and Place, I always refer te the firft Letter "tis quoted by; if otherwife, "tis wiftinguifhed by different Letters, which I choofe, to avoid needlefs Multiplicati- “on of References. | (a) Hift. Nat. Brafil. 1. 6. cap. 2. p». 222. (6) Hift. Nat. & Med. 7. s. €. 24. P- 323. (c) Hift. Mexican. 7. 9. c. 18. p. 330. (d) Hift. Nat. lid. 9. €. 4. P. 156. (e) Hift. Indic. /, 2. p.m. 46. 75 Res Geftz fub Mauritio in Erafiha p. m. 222. (g) Hift. Navigat. in Brafiliam, c. 9. p.m. 180. (b) Hift. Erafilianz. Cap.32. p.m.129. (7) De Subtilitat. /. x: Oper. Tom.3. P. $31. (hk) In Summario Indiz Occident. (/) Defcript. Virginiz (m) Defcriptio Indiz Occident. 1. 3.-c. 17. p. 82. (n) Voyages and Diícove- vies ‘in Virginia. P. 27. (2) Synopfis Animal. p. 182. (p) Hift. Anim. de Quadruped. p. 870. (4) De Quadruped. Digit. Viviparis, /. 2. c. 4. p. 223- ^ | might ( 107 j. oe might be called , Tile Adae, or "AAagrrzxe ome ¢ ; though he'ells us, That the Alopecopithecus and Chiurea, by Cardan and Scaliger, are taken to be different Aui- mals. Upon the whole, fince it is an sii fai Generis, and in feveral Parts having a great Refembiance to thofe , of different Species; I think, a Denomization might | oe beft given to it, fromthat Particular, wherein’tis moft diftinguifhed from all others ; which is that remarkable - Pouch or Marfupium ic hasin the Belly ; into which, ups on any Occafion of Danger, it can receive its. Young Not that.tt is a @rerus, or the Young. Ones are bred there (this Miftake we fhall clear up, when we come to the Diffection): But Nature has only formed this Part for that Particular @/e of receiving or emitting, at Plea- fure, the Young Brood, till fuch time as they are able to provide better for themíelves. — This Confideration (it being fo ditingai fhing a Cha- racter of this Animal from allothers, that as yet we know of,) makes me moft inclinable to find out fome Name, that might be moft expreffive thereof ; nor can I think of, at prefent, a better, than to call it, Marfupiale Ame- ricanum. Y upon Obfervation (as very likely) there fhould be found different Species of thefe Animalia Cre- menata, as Ful. Caf. Scaliger (r) calls them, by an Epi- thite, they may be fubdivided.: Bifhop Wilkins (s), and Mr. Ray (0) too,in his Sysopfts Auimalium, places this Animal amongft the "Dog-Kznd. Guil. Pifo (5) faith tis, * Beftiola majorum Glirium Mon- /"* tanoram numero afcrilenda : : And Cardan {ah (2), € Mittit C9 India Occidentalis Chiurcham e Mafteli ino a Genere. I am apt to think it may be reduced to the . (r) De Subtilitate ad Ca "dan. Exerc. de P. i277. (s) Real Cliarader, v uan 2.6 Se Pe 139+ | R 22 P'erinine ue | C x08 ) tS Vermine Kind; but that may. be better determinated, had one an Opportunity of obferving the Mak ; for our Subject wasa Female, which | am now to give a De- {cription of. ' And for the better doing this, I caufed a Figure er of it to be made, exat&t from the Life: for thofe Figures that hitherto have been given of it, are very faulty ; as willappear by comparing this with that of the Caragueya of Margrave.(a), which is copied by Pifo (P) and Fobn- fon (t). The Figure of Fob. Eufeb. Nierembergius (4d) indeed, feerns to be taken from the Life, and more agreeable; but not in all Particulars exact: That in Gefner (p) is altogether Monftrous; but withal, he tells us whence he had it; “ Zmaginem addedi 5 qualis in Tabue lis Geographicis depingi folet.; and miftruits it himfelf, Where he faith, © Jeon ft quid ei credendum. However, Fohnfton. (who never fails to copy an Error, and never meüds onc) adds this Figure too, vid. ejufd. Tab. 58. though he owns that he-had feen that of NZeremZergius. The Figure of @lyff Aldrovandus (q) is much the {ame with that of Gefzer's. | ; Should one bere indulge the Imagination fo far, as ia Fig. t. ab. t. the Defcription of this Animal, to borrow its feveral Parts from thofe of different Species ; one fhould rather feem to forma Chimerical Mozfler, than to deleribe a , real Avimal. Yet we find thebeft Zoographers thus to pleafe themfelves in their Accounts of it. Animal eft Tlaquatzin Canis parvi forma S magnitudi- ne, faith Hermandez (c). Animal efl Catuli vel Medie. cris felis magnitudine, as Margrave.(a). Pars anterior Vuipem, pofterior vero Simiam reprefentabat, nifi quod Pedes effugit Flumanos, Aures autem habet Nottue, tait = LI (t) Hift. Animal Quadruped. Tab.63. . att | FA T Be aie €a09 Y du ENS x ty " ii Vincentius Pinzonus (u)..— Monftrofam iud Animal Fal: — pino Reflro, Cercopithect Cauda, Vefpertilionis Auribus, Manibus Hamanis, Pedibus Simiam emulans, faith Peter Martyr (w).: Corpore vero ac Pedibus Melés, the Mexi- can Fiiftory (c). Videtur autem hoc Aximal interme- dium effe inter Leporem ac Vulpem, fed alterius. generis ab utroque ob Crumenan, faith Gardan (x). Eft Viverre _ facie ac magnitudine, Capite Vulpino, {ath Ful. Caf. Sca- Jiger(r). Opaffum Capite Porcellum, Cauda Glirem refe- rens," Mole modicum Felem, {aith Sob. de Laet (m). Bar- fimilis, Fernandez (c). Y fhall omit moreInftances which might be given, Nor isit that I dodifapprove of thefe bam Felinam habet, faith Pifo (b). Cauda Colubrina- Allufions upon the whole; but whenthey call it Azimad. Monftrofum, as P. Martyr (w) ; ot Prodigiofum, as Vinc. Pinzonus (u), and Hieron. Beuzon. (y); lthink'tisonly our Ignorance makes the Admiration, and that Admira- ratios forms the Monffer; for Nature, in her regular. Adings, produces no fuch Species of Animals. — In our Defcription of this 4z2zma/, we will firft give the Dimenfions of this we diffected ; and then proceed. to other Particulars. As from the Extremity of the. “Nofe, to the Tip of the Za, it meaiured One and Thir-. ty Inches: The Length of the Head was Six Inches: - was the Complement of the Firft Dimenfion: The Girth of the Body, now dead, was Fifteen Inches and an : Ehe Tail was One Foot long: The Neck and the Body. Half; when alive and well, it feemed muca thicker :. The Fore-Legs were Six Inches long ; the Hixder-Legs -but Four Inches and an Half: The Girth of the 74i, near - the Reot, was Three Inches ; near the Tip but One Inch: M RRO (uv) Navigatio inter Novi Orbis Scriptr. p. 86. (»») Ocean Decad. 1. lib. o. (x) De Rerum Varietate, Cap. 33. P. m. 101. (y) Hieron. Benzon. Hifl. . Novi Orbis, L/5. 2. p.52. apud Theodor, de Bry Americ., pars quinta. Tas - EUR ns See lee MR E — UT ( x10 ) | The Head, about the Ears was largeft; meafuring on ^the Forebead, ‘from one Earto the other, Three Inches; thence gradually tapering towards the INofe, and more refembling that ofa Pig «han a Fox: The Aperture of theEyelzdswere not Horizontal,but lying in a {trait Line from the Ears to the Nofe, and not large: The Ears were about One Inch and an Half long ; not tharp, but of a roundiíh Figure: The Rus ot his Mouth, from the Corner on One Side, to the Ead of the Nofe, mea- fured Two Inches and an Half. 3 Thefe Meafures, in feveral Particulars, I find different from thofe in other Authors: But I cannot but think they have made feveral Miftakes, for want of a more exact Enquiry and Obíervation. Thus Margrave (a), and, from him, others makes the Fore-Legs thorter than the Hinder ; Crura duo anteriora ({aith he) breviora, amimirim quodlibet. tres digitos longum ; Pofteriora paulo plus quatuor : \a our Subject I find the contrary; tho", . as we fhall obferve in the Sceleton, the Bones of the Fore- - Legs are fhorter than thole of the Hider. He adds, * Pedes Anteriores quiuque digitis Inftar manus conftant, ** unguibus albis inflar Avium, Curvis : Pofteriores longio- * reg, ute in Cercopithecis e[fe folent item quinque digitis ut manus. But here we find the Fore- Feet to have Five long Claws or Fingers, equally ranging with one another; - and a hooked Nai/ at the End of each Finger. But the “inder- Legs are far differently formed ; for here we ob- : ferve but Pour Fingers armed with hooked Naz/s, and a. perfect Thumb, (et off at a Diftance from the Range of © the other Fingers ; and as in a ZZwmane Body, this Zhumb was fhorter than the other Fingers ; and had not a hoek- ed or curved prominent Nail, but a tender flat one, as in our || Figure is reprefented. ^ pur ; | | : jg. I ig "This ( nnn) This Contrivance of the Feet and the Nails, and th Fore-Feet being longer than the Hinder, and the Hinder being formed with a Thumé like a humane Hand; ítems very advantageousto this Animals toits way of living, - and getting its Food: For what it feems to be moft fond of, is, Poultry and Birds; not but that it eats other things too. But for the Preying upon thefe, "tis very nimble in climbing up Trees ; ** Scandie Arbores incredi- * bili permicitate, íakh the Mexican Hiffery (c); and the fame is confirmed by all. Now having the ZZisder- - Feet formed like an Hand, and the Four Fingers Armed . With hooked Nails, it may takethe better Hold in raifing its Body upa Tree; and the Fore-Legs being longer, will _ make the larger Stretch in Climbing up; the Nas being hooked and ftrong, will take the greater Hold. — Befides, as we fhall obferve, having the Advantage of twifting its Zaz about any Stick or Bough it lights upon, and being able, by that Means, to fufpend the whole Weight of its Body ; when it has a mind to raife it felf to the Bough its Zaz/ is twifted about, thefe Hinder-Legs, being tormed like Hands, will the better take hold of ir, thanif they had no Thumbs. ! : Thefe Fingers, Zoes, or Claws were naked, without . Hair; the Skin looking of a Reddifh Colour here. They. were about an Inch long, and the Thumbs almoft as long, but fet lower, as I faid. The Palmes of all, efpecially. if dilated, as it doesin Climbing, were large; but fo con- .- trived, as to be able to be contracted, as in walking; but that they might here be better fecured from Injury, Lid at the fetting on of each Zee, in the Palmes, a Protuberant, Flefhy, ‘and almoft Cartilaginous Body. In feeding its felf, it makes ufe of the Fore. Feet in. _ bringing the Food to his Mouth, as do the Afonkey and. Squirril. Kind, Be E | As 2A TE £— E "Va m . 3 xia ) | ‘As the Zoes, fo likewife the Tail was without Hair, only for a little way near the fetting on; and was moft remarkabie; being tapering from the Root towards the ‘Tip, and covered with a regular Order of {mall Whitifh Scales; which, for the moft part, were all obiongith Hexigons, Perfimilis Colubrine, faith the Mexican Hi- j ffory (c) : But with this difference, that in a Snake’s Skin partot one Scale juts oVer another ; but here each Scale appears wholly in view, and between each one may -obferve a little of the Séin or Membrane in’ which they are fixed. The Colour of theíe Scales, makes the Zaz/ to appear Whitifh, though the Skin feems of a Darker . "Colour. | As the Feet and Zail, (o likewife the Ears were bare, and without Hair: Asriculis texuifimis, molliffmifq; ac pené tranflacentibus, faith che Mexican Hiflery (c). And although thus foft and flender ; and in Colour and Sub- ftance almoft refembling the Membrane of a Bat’s Wing, yet they were ered, not acuminated of running to a Point, as defcribed by fome; but, as in our Zcos is re- ' prefented, more of a Circular or Oval Figure: They were fo flender and foft, that bere J could not perceive that Cartilaginous Body, which ufually is to be met with in the Struéture of this Part, ia moft other Animals; but as if it was void almoft of it, to be formed only by a Duplication of this tender Membrane or Skim; or if it did enjoy a Cartilage, as likely, 'twas much finer than in moft other Animals. The Concha or Paflage to the Porus Auditorius was very Capacious: But “twas obfer- ved, that when our Subje& began to grow ill, the Verge or Rime of the outward Ear (cem'd to be crimp'd; and when it died, to be fo fhrivel'd, as.if burnt up, not making a fmooth, but jagged Edge. | The genera! Vogue of almoft all Naturalifts, refem- bling the Face and. ZZead of this Animal,to that of a Fox, | would P C-xr3 3) would Buch: incline me, ibd I Pid but a tollerable Agreement, to acquielee herein: But by comparing both together, I fee but very little Likenefs. A Fox, "tis true, has a large Forehead, and a flender Rofrum - ; butin a Fox it does not gradually grow Taper (as in our Subject, from the Ears to the No‘e}: But here the - Forehead is Prominent, and fomew hat Oval or Circular; then makes a remarkable Break ; whence is protruded a flender Roférum. much more thi nk, in this Particular, our Animal refembles that of a Hog : But Comparifons - being fo delufive, fo un-fatisfa&ory to an inquifitive Mind; and in all Natural Hiflery not meeting with X more, and to fo little purpoíe, as ia the Defcription . of this Animal; I fhouid rather think it far more ad- vifeable, to avoid the feducing the Mind into an Error hereby ; than at the fame time, when ’tis pre- . tended to inform, to mif-guide the Imagination by a miftaken and ill-chofen Szmz/e. I fhall only add, that the &/pper-Taw was fomewhat longer than the @nder : The Nofirils were large; Nares — babet. patentes, faith Margrave (a): The Eyes Black, {mall, vivid and exerted , when'alive; now dead, very much fünck : The Neck was fhort: The Breaf? was broad; and the Shape of the whole is beft appice - hended by confulting our Figure thereof. It had Muftacio's like a Cat; Barbam habet Felinam, faith Margrave (2) ; but his Pidlure of it is very much miftaken. The Fur upon the Face is fhorter and whiter than the reft of the Body : The Mexico Fiiftory (c) de- Ícribes it Roftro tenui, prolixo (9 depili; but this"muft be only meant comparatively. On the Back and Sides the Fur was of an Afh Colour, or dappeld with Black . Hair in Spots, intermixt with White, efpeciaily on the Back ; on the Belly twas more of an Umber Colour,and of a darker on the Legs. The longeft ZZairs,which were | S ftronger * | Cou ayy : . ftronger and courfer than the reft, meafured Three Ia- ches; being White towards the Ends: though the Mexi- can Hiftory faith. the contrary. — Plo longo C9. candido, fed circa extrema fufco && nigro, faith Hermandez (c). ob. Eufeb. Nierembergius (d), in his Figure ( which is much to be preferred before the others) reprefents him very Shocky, and, as it were, with Curled Zzair. If what Margrave tells us be true, his Subject was different from ours; Piz autem Capitis (faith he (a ) Coli inferi- us cum ftue Ventris © Cauda inferius. prope exortum, fant flavi fecundum longitudinem autem Capitis, per Oculos (8 medium Capitis tendit ampla nigra firia, But the Colour of the Fur may yary in different Subjects. | But we will have now done with the Outward Parts, to proceed to the Zzward : But that we muft firft of all take Notice of that moft remarkable Part, that no other Species of Animals enjoys, as 1 know of, but this; that is neither Jyward, nor Outward, but a Medium between both ; I mean that admirable contrived Pouch or Marfu pium that it has in the hinder Bey. . For at the Bottom of the BeZy, in the middle, be. tween the Two Hinder-Legs, we obíerved a S/ét || or | zar. 1. Aperture, rhoderately extended about Two Inches long ; Fe 2. and capable of a larger Extenfion by dilating it with ones .* * - *Fiogers, even when it is alive. . John Stadius (b) {aith, in alvo fiffaram babet ad dimidie Spithame longitudi- nem: Or, as’tis rendred by Gefger (p) ad fex digitos fe- re fciffum : Poffibly "tis a little over ftretcht ; however, it can fo exactly clofe and centract it, that the Eye does not readily difcover it, till dilated by the Fingers. “ Bar- “ fe os itarclauditur, ut non appareat, nift duobus digitis * ab imvicim diflendatur, {ah Margrave(a). Tanta @- ** qualitate © vi, ut coaluiffe cutim omnino putes, faith the “ Mexican Hiflory (c). 5 ARH This ^m oo aug ) "This is fo furprifing a Structure, that all Zoographers do mention it with the greateft Admiration; and yet their Curiofity has not been fo great, but feveral Mi-- ftakes they have been guilty of, in the Accounts they have given about it. : : : in -. Mirum autem Animal (faith Margrave (a) nam in in- jimo.Ventre prope Crura pofteriora Vellis ejus dupla eft, & exterior rima duos © femis digitos lowga, facitq; quai "Burfam, quem Brafiianz vocant, Tambeio, Pomi Aurantii majoris capacem. Eft autem Burfa bac intus Pilofa. All of this, I think, is very juftandtrue: For at the Place hementions, we eblerved an Aperture, or Siz, much of the Largenefs he defcribes, where there is of each Side, a Reduplication of the Skin inwards, which forms a Bag of the Capacity he mentions, and of a greater upon Oc. cafion, and Hairy too. But thefe Hairs here are fo thin- . ly fet, that by no means they cover it, but almoft eve-- ry where you may obferve the Skin. — - | Gul. Pifo (6) has much the fame Defcription, but calis . this Buría, Mantica. Cardan (x) calls it Crumena. Ovi- edo (k) calls it Ventrale Marfupium. By Fob. de Laet ‘tis tiled, Afcus fub Ventre pendulus (x). By Fr. Xime- &iez, or his Tranflator (aa) Pe/iceus Saccus. By Ful. Caf. -. Scaliger (r); Scortum fubventrale. By Peter Martyr (w), Cterus Exterior. By Hieron. Benzon. (y ), Venter ater. By Captain jobs Smith (5) ‘tis called a Bag. The Name we fhall ufe for it, will be, the /Marfupium or Pouch. ^. ! p .- Herein all agree, that- the ufe of this Bag, Pouch, or Mar[upium, is tor the Prefervation of the Young Ones, and fecuring them upon any Occafioa of Danger: Qua- f * (x) Joh. de Laet. defcripf. Indiz Occident. lib, 15. cit. 9. p. 5516 (aa) Vide Joh. de Laet. ibid, lib. s. cap. 4. Pe 232- ix : § 2 ternos, ( 116 ) foem. ternos, quinofve parit Catulos (faith Hernandez (c) quos Utero conceptos, editofg; in Incem, Alvi Capacitate quas dam, dum adhuc. parvuli funt, claudit ac fervat. Peter Martyr (w) tells us, Quod uatos. fibi: Catalos circumfert, |o —quocuumque profícatur, Utero exterior? in modum magne | Cramene dependente, Gc. quo a venatoribus vel alias à ceteris violentis ac rapacibus Animalibus natos liberet, tos fecum afportando : nunquam autem ilos emittere dici- tur, nifi aut recreandi, vel lattand: Gratia, donec fibi vi- - -— Glum per fe queritare dedicerint. Oviedus (k) adds, Quod Beftia hac ritu muftelarum nottu domos. ingrediatur, ne- canfq; Gallinas, earum fanguinem tautum modo fugat : imo iic Ventrale Marfupium aperit : filiofg; dimittit, ut & zpft ad Gallinaceum fanguinem forbendum affuefcant : im- terim fi aliquem ftrepetum fenferit, ilico natos in crume- nam recipiens, fugam arripit. And Foh.Stadius (b) owns he has taken out the Young Ones hence ; Aliquoties eafdem ipfe venatus fum, © Catulos ex finu ipfemet deprompft. -This Particular, I think, is evident by the Conteffion of all; and thererefore fhall not ufe more Quotations to confirm it : - And Nierembergius (d), on this Account, in his Pzcfure of this Animal, reprefents the Young -Ones as crawling out. But when they tell us, there ts no other Uterus: But that the Fetus are formed here, and nourifhed here; and thistoo, when they own they have dzffecled this Animal; this is too great a Miftake to be longer Propagated, and from Autopfe we fhall de- - monftrate the contrary, when we come to the Dif- fection. : | | But fince the great and wife Defiga of Nature, in contriving this Part, is for the Prefervatios of the Young Ones, in receiving and emitting them as there is Occafion ; we will contemplate and admire the admira- ble Structure and Artifice fhe ufes in forming and adopt- ing it fo fuitably for this End. - | | os We b (37) We will therefore here remark the Structure of the AMufcles, which, like Strings, do ferve to open and fhut - this Pouch. But in the doing this, we muft firft defcribe thofe Two remarkable Bowes this Animal has, more than is to be met with in any Sce/eton befides, which are of ~ great U/e and Service herein: And, from their Office, I || Tab. x. . Fig. 8. fhall take leave to call them, Offa Marfupialia, or Fani- tores Marfupii. Ydonot find they have been yet taken . notice of by any ; and though they do belong to the Sceleton, yet [can't avoid their Defcription here, becaufe of the Macles that are inferted to them, that do ferve. to open the Pouch. Thefe Offa Marfupialia || or Fanitores Marfupit (asi call them) are Two ftrong Bones, {o faftened to the up- per and inward Edge of the Offa Pubis, that at their Bafis here, they touch’d one another, juft at the Coali- tion T of the Bones that forms the Offa Pubs. The other Extreme of thefe Boves were fo diftant from one. another, that it meafured TwoInches and an Halt. The Bafts * of thefe Bones, where join'd to the Offa Pubs, was . half an Inch broad, having Two Heads; the larger || _ lying near the Coalition of the Offa Pubs, and the lefier t towards the Os Coxendicis ; having in the middle a Sinus, into which was received a Protuberarice of the Offa Pubs :. By which Contrivance it appears, there can be no Mo-. tion of thefe Bones, nearer or farther from one another, but that they muft ftand always at an equal Diftance. Nor did I, upon trial, find i: otherwife ; but obferved, they were capable of a {mall Motzon inwards towards the: Spine, and outwards from it. Theíe Boxes, as they af- .cended from the Os Pu£is, grew flenderer, being about. the Middle but a quarter of an Inch broad; and they were.each, Two Inches long. BUS To each oftheíe Boxes there were beftowed Four Pair: ' of Mafcles : There was another Pair that did run over- | p TUE them . | ( 118 ) | them; to which thefe Bones did perform the Office of a Lrochlea. | The Firft Pair of Mafcles (1.e.which ftrft came to be dif fected, upon the Pronation of the Animal, and from its Figure, I fhall call, Zréangularis) arifes Flefhy from the whole Length of the internal Side of thefe Boxes, and in- ferted their oppofite Zexdons on each fide of the Rima, or Aperture of the Marfupium. Under part of thefe Mufcles, lay another, or a Second Pair; flat and thin; having their Orzgiz from the upper Part of the internal Side of the Offa Marfupialia and inferting their oppofite - Lendons a little above the Zendons of the tormer Mujcles, : the Tendence or Direction of the Mafcular Fibres of this Pair, in Relation to the Firft, made a Decuflation. The Third Pair of Mufcles we fhall take notice cf, had their Rife from theFore-part of the Bafs of thefe Bones, where they were jointed to the Os Pudis ; and were afterwards inferted into the Linea Afpera of the Thigh-Bone. The Fourth Pair did arife from the external Side of thefe Bones near the Bafrs, and are zsferted into the Fore Part of the Z Ligb- Bose near the middle. | | The Laft Pair of - Mafcles Y hinted at, (to which I thought thefe Boxes might perform the Office of a 7ro- chlea, ot Pully) arifes more immediately from the Mar- - Jupium or Pouch it Íclf : For fpreading their Mufcular Fi- bres all over this Bag, as they iffue from it, by joining their Fibres together ; they more remarkably form a folid Mufcle ; which of each fide pafing over the middle of thefe Bones, (2. e. in the prone Pofture we are difle&- ing it) at length were zzferted into the Spine of the Os — P//72 By confidering the Structure of thefe Maufcles, and . what muft be the Effect of their 4/io» or Contraction ; . ' one cannot but think the Zwo Fri? mufk ferve towards the Dilatation or opening this Marfupium or Pouch : E x ^ s . theie Ld C rro) ae thefe Bones are a Pulciment or Baffss their Articulation will not admit of a Contraction inwards or nearer to one another; wherefore, when the Pzrff and Second Pair of Matcles a& or contrac, they muít neceffarily opes or di- - latethe Mouth of the Marfupium ov Pouch. The Third and Fourth Pair of thefe Mulcles may {erve to extend thefe Bones outwards; fo that when this Animal hangs by its Zail ( as it does frequently ) the Weighr of the. Fetus in this Pouch by this means will not prefs fo much “upon the inward Vifcera. The Fifthand Last Pair,as they may ferve to dilate the Capacity of the Poach it felf fo likewife may ferve che better to {ufpend its Weight, when the Animal is prono Capite, and if it gravitates too much, they may retract it up,and the eafier;becaufe pafting over .thefe Bones like a Pully, their force is more aug. - Ld mented. | e . The Aztagonill to thefe Mufcles is, the Sphintler Mare J'pii; an oval Series of ftrong, flefhy Fibres, which ferve to confiringe and clofe the Orifice of the Poucb; which it does fo perfectly (as I have already obferved), that one would think the SEzz here not to be flit; nor can the Orifice be obferved till you have diated it with your Fingers. — : | | . Nature's Contrivance therefore in placing this Pouch here, in this ZZzsder Part of the Body, isvery great; her Mechanifme in forming thefe Zwo Bones, the Faxitores Marfupiz, which no Sceleton befides has, and fo artfully furnifhing them with thefe Mufcles, is moft admirable; that with the. Phz/efopber, there is none but muft own Ox0g "ecouter pet. P The Pouch or Mar[upium it felf, was a Membranous Body, not very thick, tho’ confifting of feveral Coats, and is to be reduced into the Clafs of the Vefrculous Parts of the Body ; which according to my Notion, are part Mufcles, part Glands, and do perform the Office of both, Motion ( 120 Jj Motion and Secretion: for the Concave or Hollow + of + 74.1. this Pouch (as have remark'd) was fomewhat Hairy ; i 5- and at feveral Places I could obferve them matted or cling'd together by a YeZow:fb Subftance, which did ouze out of the Cutaneous Glands there; as under the Arm- pitsin a Man, itisobferved. Zhis Liquor thus emptied ~~ Into the Pouch from the Glandulous Coat, 1 found was trong Scented, and had more of the Peculiar Fzroer of this Animal, than any part befides; being no ways grateful, but unpleafant to the Smell, as has been obfer- ved of this Creature, when alive: Fatet Animal inflar Valpis vel Martis, fatu Margrave (a). Vulpeculis Hi- — Jpanienfibus. funt fimiles fed minores, © longe graveolenti- ores, faith Tob. de Laet (zx). But after the Skin with the Pouch had been kept for ome Days, and was grown dry, I found fo great an Alteration here in the Smell, that what before was fo difagreeable, now was become a perfect Perfume, and {melt altogether like Mask; which made me call to mind what formerly I had re- marked (44) of thefe Sceur- Bags in other Animals; that in a Weafel, which Szinks like a Pole-cat, by {preading this Feeted Liquor contained in the S$cest. Bags (as I call them) ona Paper, and fo letting it dry, it became a grateful Perfume, (c. wherefore afterwards, in my De- {cription and Anatomy of theZajaca(cc ) (a Mexican Wild- Hog); when Lcame to diffe& it, fome Days after it had _ been dead ; and the Virus or horred Fetor of the Liquor contained in the Scent-Bag (which was a large Gland on the Back) had {pent its (elf, and it became an agreeable Perfume : Upon this Confideration, I took the Liberty (it may be, a too great an one) to call it Mo/chiferus ; (bb) Philof, Tranfa&. No. 144. P.39.. (cc) Philofoph. Tranfadt. No. 152. 42-379. nied yt ds though a : (Ca) though the general Confeat of all Authors had branded it with the Note of a Fatid ftinking Animal. But at the . fame time, | inflanced, that in the richeft Perfumes we . have, as Musk, Civet, and Ambergriefe, tlie fame is ob- ferved ; and tnat-Paffage E quoted in Gu/. Pifo (dd) con- cerning Ambergriefe, is very remarkable. — | _ Upon looking overthis ga:t of my Account of the Za- jacu, | had this Paflage (cc): *- And I am apt to think, “owas by removing thefe Sceat-Bags, rather than ta- — “king away the AZdaueys. that they made the Saragoy “edible ; which. otherwile j/ank fo much, that the * Barbarous Nations refuied tlm; as out of Eerius, * "ob. Faber (ee) takes notice. — Tob. Lerius his Words are thele, as he is printed in Theodore de Bry (ff) alia etiam invenitur (Beflid) quam Saragoy appellant, qua ob fetorem a Barbaris uon comeditur, nos, autem quibufdam. excoriatis, © detratta Renum piuguedine, unde fetor iffe manebat, [tae faflidio edimus, carue enim cum tenera, tum optima eft. And I find my Conjecture was not amifs ;- tor although then-T knew not where this Scezt- Bag was | placed, yet now, I find it was the Marfupium, or Pouch ; and that Lerius was altogether miftaken in attributing this Fztor to the Kidneys, or the Fat about them ; for I could not fmell any thing ungrateful, or ill-{cented there. | ad | jur Upon this Occafion, | can’t but make a farther Re- mark upon the Scewt-Bag of the Must. Deer ; which is likewife placed in the Belly near the Navel, and makes a large Cod. Lucas Schrockius (gg) has wrote a diftin& “Treatife about it; to whem I thall refer my Reader. —— But though there is this Avalogy between our Poffumand = 7 " x * — (dd .) De Indiz utrivfg, re Nat. & Med. lib. 1. p.m. 17. (ee) Hiftor. — . Mexican. p. 658. (ff) Americ. part tertia p. 180. (gg) Hiftoria Mofchi, - Be . T the x . Ree 0 Lo P the Musk- Deer, that both have their Scest- Bags placed in the Belly, and they have an Aperture there; yet the grand @/e of the Pouch of the Poffum is very different, as we have already feen. | Having therefore mentioned the Glandulous Coat of the Marfupium (on whofe Account it may be reckoned as a Scent-Bag) | muft here take notice that it had like- wile a Mujcular Coat, befides tliofe feveral other Mu/cles . beftowed upon it, which we have obferved already, that gave it Motion. It had likewife a Vafcular Coat too, being plentifully irrigated with Blood-Veffels, efpe- cially by Two large Branches that came from the upper part of the Zhorax, and might be reckoned the Mamma- via, as they are fliled in other Anima's. This Poach wes faftened by feveral Membranes to the Muícles of the Abdomen and the Skin; but ío asI could feparate it for the moft part, with my Fingers. But here I find, in this Mar/upzum, or Pouch, they . place the Mamme or Teats ; and they tell very odd Sto- ries about it: I willonly relate what they {zy of it, and what I at prefent obferved, or rather, did not obferve. Fob. Petrus Maffezus (e) makes this Pouch, not fmgle, but double, he places the Mamma here, and the Young Ones tobe fo fixt to them, as if they almoft grew there. Jud autem mirum in Cerigouibus, ex ejus alvo due depen- dent veluti Mantice, in iis catulos circumfert, (9 quidem © adec pertinaciter: [uo quemq; Uberi aftxos, ut a perpetuo fuctu non avellantur, antequam ad poflum ipftper fe pro- - gredi valeant. And much the fame has Cafp. Barlzus ( f ) Cerigones (Áaith he) Vulpis magnitudine, infolito fpecta- culo alvum oftentant, é qua dug veluti Mantice dependent, - quibus catulos geflant , tam valido [uciu C Deribus adberen- tes, ut.non aniea demittunt, quum adultiores ad pabulum zpft excurrere valeant, Gul, Pifo (£) out does them Zotb; ^ for he makes them not only Nourifhed, but Formed | | uh here: Cre here’: Ex reiteratis (faith he) borum Animalium. fellis. nibus alium non invenimus Uterum, prater hanc Burfam, in qua femen Concipitur © Catuli formantur. Quos deinde Quinos vel fenos ftmul circumfert, mobilés, perfecios, fed de- piles adeog; pertinaciter Uberibus affxos, ut a perpetuo futlu vix avellantur, antequam permittente Matre ad paftum ipft egrediuntur ; unde redientes denuo, uterum materuum: pro lubitu ingrediuatur. So Fob. Stadius, ast - find him Printed in Theodor de Bry (bb) In Alvo (faith he) fiffaram habet ad dimidie [pithame lougitudinem,intra eam alta Cutis fubeft, mec enim alvus. biat aut fathifcit, in €0 finu [unt Ubera, quocunque. obambulat proles. fecum geltat. So likewife Peter Bembus (ii), writing of the new difcovered Iflands, faith,” Avimal ez fylve uutriunt Cuniculi magnitudine, Gallinis infeftifimum, cujus quidem Jemina loculum babet e Pelle Utero annexum, quaft terum alterum facundum Uberibus, in quo Catulos. fecum geftat, emittitg; cum "vult. And our Countty-man, Captain Smith (2) feems of this Opinion too; where he faith, Onder her Belly fhe hath a Bag. wherein fhe lodges, care - rieth and fuckleth her Young. But Gillius, as he is quoted by Ge/ner (p), tells us, That son ex receptaculo prodeunt, "ift cum lac fugunt. So likewile Viuceat. Pinzonus (a), Nec usquam exeunt Crumenam, nift quum fugunt; which intimates, "That the Zeats are not placed here, fince they muft go out to fuck. | | a - Imuft confe(s, upon what Obfervation I could make, I did not find any Zeats here; nor indeed didi find them in the outward Skin; as is ufual in other Malrzparour : "Animals. Poffibly this Subje& never had a Litter; fo for want of drawing, they might be leís; fo as to efcipe ' 2 MÀ me MÀ _ (bh) Americ. Part Tertia. Joh. Stadii Hift. Brafilian. ca. 3207 FeO. (ii) Hift. Venet. Iib. 6. : (T2 : . Out Oe (0x CRE I our View, for the prefent : But. in another Subje@, I doubt not but that they may be difcovered. | - But this Bag or Poach is not only appropriated to the Female, as one wuld guels by what P. Bembus (12) faid before : But if we may believe G. Pifo(), the Male has one too : * Ma femelle plane frmilis, t. (faith he) @ quod notata dignum, manticam (licet a femelle diverfam) babet ; qua alternatis vicibus Catulos quoque circumfert ; ftcut avis mas amore pullorum, famellam ab incubatu fub- inde liberans. | could have wifhed he had given us an . Account of the diverfity of the Pouch in the Male, from that of the Female; and had one an Opportunity of Diffc&ing a Male, it would much illuftrate the ZZiffory of this Animal. So likewife the Author of the Prefeut State of his Majefty’s Tles and Territories in America, (pag. 138.) tells us, That the Male has fuch another Purfe under bis Belly, and takes bis turn to carry tbe Young Ones, to eafe the Female. Bui more of the Male, when I fhall come to mention the Zaz 2d2. : This Contrivance of Nature for fecuriog the Young | Ones from any Danger, till they are able to fhift for _ themfelves, T think, is not to be parallel'd in any Species of Animals, at leaft of the Quadruped Kind, befides. Not that fhe is wasting in abundantly providing for their Prefervation ; but the pleafes ber felf in ufing infi- nite Variety in attaining the fame End. Nor is there wanting Inftances enough to evince it: What moft. reaches, and comes up to our Subject is, what I find re- corded in Oppianus (kk) in his excellent Poem of Fifbes : , For in his ZZa/ieuticks, deícribing the Philofforgia of Fzfb- es, having mentioned the Dolphin, he comes to the Dog- fífh, and tells us, that upoa any Storm or Danger, if (KR) Halieutic, Jib. 1. ver. 332. | FS | | |o pur. PP Se v= St : pr (x9 ) .purfued, the Zoung Goes run into the Mother's Belly ; and when the Fright and Danger is over, they come out egain I fhall not think much to tran{cribe his Verfes ; which — Were fo admired by Antoninus, the prefent Emperor of Rome, to whom he made the Dedication, thar not: only for cher , he revoked the Banifhment of his Father ; bet prefented bim l;kewife with a Golden Statera for each Verle; whence they. are called Golden Ferfes : Which, according to Ssidas’s Computation, came to Twenty Thoufand. Suidas (4I) his Words are thele : “AvayiwDty- Tov O¥ TÀY on wach oy aula 62r TS avlongdloe®, edvaghow lo dures Teng aye hyo i pelea, salngn yeurer, iysv vOpuc- oa. cg Aaa olov 67ri win, volo wol. puesadees e And upon this Occafion, Oppian not only inflances in the Dag fífb, but in the Squatina, and Glaucus too: But there are different Receptacles he does affign, that thefe Zwo Jatter do make ufe of, for the receiving their - Young, .in Cafe of Danger. Oppian’s (kk) Verles are theíe : Iida à à" ab Jul pay degsdUes pem Tiaiduy' cc Q Hy @AAOL €0y 9G. recap Gao à" AAA yo xUVo6 TOOE. TH 75 D ere) Té exa, eoa, 621 eu sex. em AeTO parre. AW oremecsiows, TAT Gamer Omar exo Ev muvt@, ‘ore muidtes ey! Aaryreaom £AvxTo. AyuTlu M arin doy, coup GAueSoy T'ewópuevoi. zoiov OY azovoy proyesom Tree £s Aang TT AM, Tn à Saray dDaro mue : XnAeyyvoc aye avinnay, OT. a MmYdoe n. P0600. Tof) % piv THY mogoove) arnt, AW &x ic mndad xcii QU, dle wovearw’ (II) in Voce Oppianus. | Amd ("£0 ) Ama ot en "3A d rey moa pare drprsipais Efow «220 "grfeguyav, ob ys Bi senes ZING Tyow ATUCO[MAY AY, THU piboy LUPE AU TTC. y^ * A201 O° awe? ez renva Nea s Man ree iho on ree Acca quoi poor), ar és SOprav T ie kg ouf. Ojov àv x, yx (Gs, 06 Soya TMV ch ae TO Tlavtev, domi co e» ida woroines. o Kev, 99 paret 7E arp weve > peo. yard TIdiósc nawoanor, xg ee mragg.vine) did. Tes O° Ore nev Te opatovrees iv Xgaireereo ov inbred, Au gucavov kgore) ero «ga. cówet, peop xe Dium Xaon(?) TOTO dbi; avemluce Ad.gwinSey. : Whichan ingenious Friend of mine has thus tranflated : And indeed, the whole Poem is fo fine, fo noble and rich a Thought; that if the 7: ranflation of it was at- tempted by (ome good Gexius, he would find Charms enough in it to raife his Fancy ; and a Subject Worthy his greateft Skill. None totheir Young fo kind as Dolphins are ; Tho other ¥ith of theirs, exprefs their Care. This in the Dog-fith, we with Wonder fee ; Zo whom her trembling Whelps from Danger flee. For when a dreadful Storm imbroils tne Deep, Within ber Bowels, they for Refuge creep ; They pafs direflly to her Womb; the Way By which excluded, firft they faw "the Day. She, tho’ diftended, and in torturing Pains, ‘The bulky Burden patiently fuftains, While the loud Terrors of the Tempeft laft : But when the Danger, and their Fears are paff, Strait from ber fuff ring Womb, tbe Wheips retreat, And Lhe ber Labour, they their Birth repeat. 2 í he (nn) he Squatina do's the fame Love betray, As Dog-filh do, Zut in a different way. Nature has Bags on-either fide prepar'd | Beneath ber Gills; where fhe do's bide aud guard — Her frighted Young; with fudden Danger [car d. » Some thro’ the Parent's gaping Throat defcend ; Whom asa Floufe, or Neft, thezr Maws defend. . The Glaucus, for Affection, is by none Of all the Fifb Oviparous out-doxe. Clofe by her Spawn, fhe does unwearied flay, Fler Off [pring to protect from Fifh of Prey.. And when, with tender Fins, they firike the Tide, She with them fwims, their conftant Guard and Guide, -— For if it happens, that the trembling Fry. | Do fome Voracious Enemy defcry, Opening her Faws, fhe kindly does devour Her Young ; to fave them from th’ Invaders Power...’ Lheir Fears removd, fhe [pues them up; to eafe Her Labour, and refieres tbem to tke Seas. . T mutt confefs, I would not expect in a Poet, that Nicety and Exactnefs of Natural Hiflory, as ina P bile fopher, who is not to give a loofe to his Imagination, but truly to relate Matter of Fact. But this Particular of the Dog. fi/b, with me, bears the more Refemblance of Truth ; for formerly, dificcting a Fifb of this Kind, that was a Female; as it was furprifing to me at the fame time, to obíerve here the gradual Formation of fe- . veral Fetus; fome jaf beginning to be formed, others -an Inch long or Two; others Four or Five ; fome Nine or Ten, and fit for Birth: So what comes moít to our . Bufinefs was, That near the Exir of the Pudendum of each fide, | obferved a jj. or Hole that was capa-- | : bie: i 1 nana E . . | ( 158 ) ble of Extenfion, and AR. enough would admit my . Finger, which led into the Cavity of the Abdomen or Belly it felf ; and not into any Bag, or the Uterus, or any other Part. Befides, in the Abdomen 1 found a Quantity of Water, which I could not but think was let in this Way. So that if upon Obfervation at any time, there fhould be found loofe in the Cavity of the BeZy of this Fifh, a Yoang one; there would be no Reafon to miftruft the Relation, fince here are Two Doors to let pe in and out. ! | ZElian ( mm) relates tie fame. ScotY? of the Dog. Jf ; his Words, as "they are tranflated by P. GiZius, a:ethete; Si quis eorum ({peaking of the Young Ones) timeat, in- greditur rur[us.per Genitalia in Ventrem Matris; ali ti- mor abierit, is prodit tanquam rurfus editus. And/in the preceding Chapter he tells the fame (as our Poet does) of the Glaucus: And that Paffage of Zeza, as "tis quoted, . by the Learned Conrad. Ritterfbufi fus (nn) is very expres ; : TAaéines, xw, d pares, Saad i iy luec Tee ONAeVE Q'etuo lE, rois rinvo0is Toi olxetoue, 6 yAaux (5. ud i 22^ Tu. Abana suyspuzrfa, 6 EA] neumlen Tale AAW ev TH viU, xal zrXAuv T2Ula yd TS piss zaccASIG.. Nay, Ariffottle(oo) him If acknowledges the fame thing ofthe Galeus, whicl 1 is of the Dog K ind: ‘Os pay zy eoi 2c A0 ke ieapitm x94 7) Myoley cis eau les Tes veovldo, w, ai Bip, igi vecro. Which Ful. Caf. Scaliger thus tranflates, Geterum Muftelorum genera &9 emittunt G admittunt in- tra fe Catulos; item Squatine 9 Torpedines. And the like he CPP) affirms af the Dolphin and Porpois : Ki eic- cola ^ 7 tx, puner vie. But afterall, if what is thus related of thefe bons fhould prove bur a vulgar (mm) Hift. Animal. /. 1. c. 18... (nm) Comment. in Jib. 1. Halieut. p. m. 214. (00) Hift. Animal Jib. 6. cap. 8. P 677. (bp) Hift. Animal. i2 6. CAp. 10. p. tn. 682. | Error, | ae) | Error, "tis cae of a very Axcient Date; and it is high time it was removed : and if there fhould be any Truth 1 in thefe Stories, for the gaining a greater Belief thereto, 'üs requifite that 'twas fupported by fome mere evident Proof, and confirmed by /ater Obfervation. But what we mention of our Quadruped, the Poffum, is notorioufly known and agreed ono: all Hands; to whom, after this Digreffion, (too large an one it may be) we thall now return ; and íhall therefore be more concife in the De» - {eription of the other Parts; and thall chiefly take Noe. tice of thofe only, wherein I find fomething remarkable, and diferent from the common Make of the fame Parts ia other Animals. . And for this Reafon I have very little to lay of thofe Parts in the Thorax, Yonly obferved, that the Lungs had "Three Lo£es on one fide; and but One on the other: But this One, was as large as the other Three. They were foft and fpongy, and eafily dilated, and large proporti- - onably to the Animal. The Heart was included in a Pericardium, as ufually ; but the Heart it felf I thought proportionably larger, in refpect to the Bulk of the Body, than is commonly ; nor — was its Cone fo fharp, but rather more obtufe. It had ‘Two 4uricles, and Two Ventricles. pean the Throat there were large Glandula M. ax illan res. The Zongue wasa little above Three Inches Long, about Three Quarters of an Inch broad; “twas rough, having feveral Protuberances, whofe Points looked in- wards. Lingua longa (faith) Margravius (a) quam ta- men os aperiens CO morfum minitans uon exferit, quamvis polit, fed verfus. pofteriora attollit. The Voice or Noile it made, wasa little Growling. But meeting, or at leaft not obferving any thing far- ther Eragny here; we fhall haften to the Aédomen, * where rs ( 130 ) where we fhall find more Matter to excite our Adrnira- tion, and pleaíe our Curiofity. ! The Abdomen or Belly was divided from the Zboerax or Breal?, by a large, ftrong, (lefhy Diaphragm, for (as we fhall obíerve in the Sce/etoz) the Z/erax near the Throat was {mali; then gradually, asit defcendeth, it en- larges its Capacity ; fo that here, where the’ Diaphragm . was faftened, its Compaís was very great and large; which might be,rendred fo the more, by reafon it often hangs by its Za4/; and when it does fo, the Vifcera in the Addomen can't but prefs upon it. But that they might not too much, to the Injury of the Animal; we fhall fee what Provifion Nature has made for it, by her great Contrivance in (ufpending the Juteftines. But we muft obferve and defcribe the t+ Stomach, or + 7,5. 2, Ventricle, which was {eated-under the Diaphragm, having Fi. 1. B. part of the Liver lying over it ; its Figure fomewhat re- fembling the ufual make, inclining to that of an Half Moon; as appeared by that Hairy || Zophus we after- || Tab. 2. wards took out of it. But what was moft remarkable P ?- was, the Siructure and Pofition of the Two Oriftes, (viz. that of the * Gala, that leads into it, and the Pylo- * rab. 2.” rust, that fends out) for they were both placed fo near ££ 1. 4- T Ibid. e. one another, that they feemed to touch or meet ; and when I opened the Stomach, 1 found only a very flender Ifi bmus, or Wal, parted them. Thefe Orifices were not at the Extreams of the Stomach, as u(ually ; but inferted aloft in the Middle of the upward Part, but more in- clining towards that, that refpects the || Duodenum: They e f. pouching or Jagging + out at both Extreams, made it + D D. fomewhat refemb!e (as I faid ) an ZZa/f Moon. The | - Stomach appeared but {mall, being much contracted, for it had not eaten any thing for fome Days; it mea- - - fured about Three Iaches and an Half in length, and about Nep : (C1) : about Two Inches indepth: The Gala which coveys the Food into the Stomach, confiftedot firong Mufcular Fi- bres, and was in all about Nine Inches in Length. The Pylorus, that carries out, feem'd to have its Paflage free aud open, without that agzsar CosftriCtion or Valve, as in moft other Animals; though here we obferved - a larger Body of Mufcular Fibres, than in the other Zare- ftines ; which made me wonder how a Regargitation of the Feces into the Stomach was prevented; but this we will confider anon. - : But before we opened the Stomach, I obíerved at one Side a Perforation * or Hole thorough, about the Big- nefs of an ordinary Pea, and Round. That it was occa- fioned by an Geer there, I plainly perceived by the Lips or Edges; which were not frefh, but had an ulcerated Matter about them; and this, without doubt, was the Occafion of its Death; for it had fallen from its Food, and had pined away for fome time before, and by its un- eafy Motion, made its Keeper fufpect, it had {wallowed fomething that ftuck in its Zhroat, or injured its Cto- mach. A like Accident as this (asa Perforation of the Stomach) I have Three Times met with in difle&ing Human Bo- - dies; and the laft (being joined with another Phy/itian in Confultation, a little before the Patient’s Death) I foretold; and upon DiffeGion found confirmed. What appears to me, to be moft likely to be the Caufe of this Perforation,is, that fome of the Glands in the Stomach (uch asPayerus(gq)and Dr.Grew (7r ) defcribes in the Inteftines) being become Scrophulous or Steatomatous might 1mpoftu- mate and fo corrode the Coats of the Stomach, aad caule a (gg) Exercetat. Anat. Med. de Glandulis Inteftinorum. (rr) Comparative Anatomy of Stomachs and Guts. ; Vos Perfo- | C 13» ) : Perforation. And the rather I am of this Opinion, be-- caufe in thofe Inftances 1 mentioned of £Zuman Bodies, I found in other Places of the Stomach, thefe Glands ve- ry large and Szeatomatous ; tho’ Naturally they are but (mall, and often not obferved. Where there is a Perfo- ration of the Stomach upon an Inflammation, and upon that an Impoftumation s there the Foramen is larger and not regular: as remarkably I once met with it in a Child, where a large part of one fide of the Stomach was Spa. celated. So likewife upon a Corrofive Poifon taken, its Effects dilates its felf more, and is not confined to fo narrow a Compafs ; as I obferved once in one who had taken Rats-bane. | Upon obferving this Perforatioe of the Stomach, T: looked to fee, whether any of its Contents had been emptied into the Cavity of the Abdomen ; but could find little or nothing : Nor indeed, when I came to cpen the Stomach, could find any thing that could be evacuated that Way ; for there was nothing contained in the Sto- mach, but a Body || of Clotted Hair, formed into the y 74s, 2. . Shape and Figure of the Stomach, fomewhat like an ZZa/f Fig. 4. Moon; covered with a flimy vifcid Subítance, which did ferve the better to glue thefe Hairs together. Thefe Hairy Tophi are frequently to be met with, in the Svo- -machs of Bruits, and! ave had, and feen feveral, which have been taken out of Oxen; and the Butchers inform me, that they chiefly meet with them in the Wiuter Sea- ' fon, after the'ZZair begins to fhed ; and the Cattle feed upon Hay and dry Meat: But after the Sprimg, and in - Summer, they do more feldom find them; as if the New Grafs, which Purges them, did contribute to dif- folve thefe Tepbi likewife. Georg. Hieron. Velfcius has wrote Two Medico Philofophical Differtatzons (ff) about (fJ De Aigazropilis. ua HR | -thefe a’ "PM ( 133 ) " thefe Tobi, that are found in Goats; and adi ers has ^ made diftin@ 7reatifes thereon; to whom! refer the Curious: and Gul. Pifo (1t) gives a Figure and Delcrip- tion of one But our Anim mal is Carnivorous, and in what ell Ac- counts agree E moft Rapacious of the Winged Kinds. and where ir can’t find its Prey on the Land, it will hunt for it in the Trees moft nimbly climbing le up: and if the tender Bough cannot. bear the Weight o its Body on its Feet; by twifling its Za#/ about the > Twig, it can hang hereby, and ftretch it (elf the farther, to obtain its defired Food, or roba Neft. , Nay, if Tam not mis-informed, by this Me ans if can Fly, or pals from one Tree ta another, without defcencing down ; for i thus - hanging by its Tail, and waving and {wing' ging its Body üke a Pendulum, it can fling it (elf into the Bou ighs of Neighbouring Tree ; where his Tail is fure to take f5ft hold of the fir Bough i it lights on, if otherwife it miffes p bis Footing: and, as | have fhewn, his hinder Legs be- ing made like Hands, with a Zhamb, it can more readi- ly raife its Body up by them. | : ^ Notfambulum Animal eft (faith de Lact é S cum ceteris Avibus, tum Gallinis infeftiffimum. E Mare, | grave (4) faith, Mordax eff, vefcitur libenter Gallinis, quas rapit, ut Vulpes, ©: Arbores Jcaudendo, avibus in- fidiatur, vefcitur quoq; facchari caumis, quibus Suftentavi per quazuor feptimanas in cubiculo meo. So likewife Gul, Pifo(b) Mordaces fuut ut Vulpes earumg; more Gallinis & Columnis uon folum, fed Avibus in fajtigiis Arboruvm in- fidiantur ; quarum defectw Camis facchareis aliifg optimis - wegetalilibus vefcuntar. So that they are not oi 2 Car- - nivorous, but when seed drives them, they can take up _ (tf) Hift. Nat. & Med. lij. 5. p. 327; 3 e ? 3 € 134 2. | with other Food. Scandit Arbores incredibili pernicita- te (faith the Mexican Hiftory (c) diu in Cavernis latitat, vefcitur Cobortalibus, quas Vulpecularum, Muftelarumg; fylveftrium more, jugulat, ilarum fanguinem abforbens. And afrerwards adds, Vivit enim in Calidis, ac pafcitur Carne, fruttibus, Pane, Oleribus, frumentaceis, aliifq; generibus, veluti nos experimento cognovimus, alentes il- lud domi, ae in deliciis habentes. Which laft Account feems true; for this that we diffected would eat any thing, that was brought from the Table. We fhall now obferve:how the Food, when it is recei- ved into the Stomach, and contained there, till "tis throughly digefted , is afterwards difpenfed with the greateft Advantage, for the Nourifhment of this Crea- ture. And what [ hinted, how’tis, that a Regurgitati- on of it into the Stomach again, is prevented; efpecially upon the Pofture ’tis frequently in, when it hangs by its Tail, fince (asl obferved) the Paflage at the Py/erus is fo open and patewt.. And for the doing this, we muft expect Nature's Contiivance. (which is always admira- ble) to be great; not confining her felf fill to the fame Rules; but is Zefinzte and AZ wife, in attaining the fame Ends, with the greateft Variety and Mechanifm. Which leads me to confider the Stru&ure and Order of the Zeteffines: But in doing.this, I muff firft rake No- tice of the Mefenterie, that Membranous Part which col- ligates them, aod fixes their Situation; and gives to them the Order of their Figure. For the Juteffines are not juft fattened to the Peripherie or outward Circum- ference of the Mefenterie; bat the outward Membrane of the Mefenterie of both fides, is entirely projected and continued over the whole Cazalis, or Duct, of the Guts ; and is to them the outward or common Membrane: So that I have often, by feparating this oatward Membrane, from what hes under it, the Mufcular; I have extracted | . the of à Colon +) was projected more ina P/ai»; and made al- | (135 ) the whole length of the Guts; leaving only the Common — Membrane, as'tis continued from that of the Me/fenre- rie; which I could inflate, as i£ the whole of the Guts re- mained. 5 | Now here we obferved that remarkable Difference; from what isin many other Animals ; that we can't but make Two Mefenteries ; one peculiar to the f/maZ Guts, the other belonging to the great ones, or Zuteffzna Craf: fa, as they arecalled; for tho continued to one another, . yet the difference in their Figure or Bz/£, is fo much, that fully juftifies the Diftinction. And for Diflinction. fake, I fhall call the former Mefenterium* minorum, and the latter Mefexrerium + Majorum, {c. Intellinorum s for minora and majora 1 think more expreffive, than zensia and craffa ; atleaft it appeared fo in our prefent Subject. For here Lremarked, that as the [| Duodenum defcended from the Stomach, it ran under the + Colos, ( juft where "tis joined to the Cecum *) towards the Middle of the Spine. Hence l found a Projection of the firft Mefen- terie || into a Spiral Line, like a Cochlea or winding Pair — of Stairs: So that upon Inflation, thefe Znteffines here; made feveral Convolutions, ot Windings, tho’ not exactly Spiral, but as reprefented in our Figure; and thebetter to fhew the Currency of their Casalis here, and how thofe Gyrations follow each other ; I have fignified it by . the Order of the Letters of the Alphabet; 1o that (g) is facceeded by (5) and (4) by (7) ando on: Not that. I could reprefent the whole in this Figure; for fome of . thefe Gyrz, at leaft great partsof them, lay dipt and hid- . den by others, that lay over them. "The Second Mefenterie +, or Mefenterium majorum, as I choofe rather to call it, than AMefocolon (for it did be- long likewife to the Cecum || and * Rectum, as well as the moft. ( 136 ) molt a Czrcular Figure at its Peripherie ; fo that the Cz. «cum, and Colow did almoft entirely encircle the /mal/ Guts. | "Ihe fmad Guts (as here inflated) meafured about Six Feet and an half in length. The Cacum was about Six Incies long ; and the Coloz and Reciam Two Foot long. The Girth of the Daodenum (Y mean all along here, as inflated ) was Three Inches; the Z/eos || Two la-|; ches and an Half; the Girth of the Cacum, in the largeft Place, was Six Inches; of the Colon Four Inches; and - the Rectum was Three Inches about. from the Spine to the utmoft ProjeGion of the /ma// Guts, under the fame Circumítance of Inflation, meafured about Six Inches ; the greate{t Diameter that the Co/ox in this Circular Fi- gure made, was fomewhat above Seven Inches. In the whole Duct or €analis of the Znteftines, Y could not obferve any Valves; no not at the Caecum its felf. "Tis true, that the Foramen into the Cecum, was a great deal lefs than the Capacity of the Gaz its felf; howe- ver, the Paflage into it was fo open and wide, as readily to receive or emit its Contents. For by pouring a large Quantity of Water into the Stomach, fo as to wath out the Feces contained in the Jxteffimes; 1 found, that it would firft run into the Cecum, if it was not filled before, and then into the Colon, and asreadily, upon elevating the Colon, it would país thence, firft into the Caecum; and, when that was filled, into the Z/eoz. | Paffing by other Remarks which I might make upo the Glands in the Inward Coat of the Zzteffzses, upon the Blood-Veffelsin the Mefenteries, Sc. I fhall now proceed to give my Thoughts upon the whole Structure and Fi- gureof the Znteffines, and how advantageoufly they are contrived for the @//es defigned them by Nature. Go EUM For Fzr$?,by means of thefe frequent Gyratzens ana win- dings of the /vte/fines, there is a greater Opportunity gi- ven to the Separation of the Chyle into the Vafa Chylefe- va; lor the Bore of the Zeteftines being fo large (as I have fhewn) and there being no Valves in all their length ; if there was not this Contrivance to give a Lett, or Re- mora to the hafty Defcent of the Faces, they would país off fo nimbly, that with them a great part of the Chymous Subftance likewife, would be carried off: But the Length of the Juteffines here, being fo great ; andas they run, making fo many Convolutions, they do prevent this Danger. | | - Gecondly, By means of this Cochlea, or Spiral Figure — of the firft Mefenterie, to which the fmaZ Guts are affix- — ed, there may be prevented a Regurgitation of the Con- tents of the Jteffimes again into the Stomach, upon a Declivity of the Body of this Animal, as it is frequent- ly in, when it hangs by its Zaz/. For tho’, as I obfer- ved, the Paffage from the Stomach, by the Pylorus, into the Duodexum, is large and open; yet in this Pofture of the Body, there can't but be a Redzplication, or foldin over of the Duodenum; fince the great Bulk or Wallet of thefe Juteffzmes muft incline and fwag towards the Diaphbragm ; by which Reduplication, the Paffage at the - Pylorus mutt, in a great meafure, be occluded ; and the. afcent of the Contents now, be altogether as difficult and great, as when the Animal ftands upon its Four Feet. : | "Ehe Reverfe of this Structure of the Zzteffines Y found and have defcribed in my Anatomy (cc) of the Zajaca, or the Mexico Musk Hog. for here the Colon made a Spiral Figure (as I have there reprefented, in Jad. x. Fig.5.) andthe fma Guts made a Plain. In our Poffuu the fmall Guts makes a Spiral, and the Coloz and great .- -Guts a Plain. But a Spiral Convolutzon of the Lnteftines ' X is ( 138 ) is to be met with ia feveral Animals, tho’ their Stru€&ture be different; as in the Goat and Deer: Kiud ; and very remarkably in a Woodcock. But we will have done with the Gats, to proceed to other Parts; for their Comparative Anatomy is too large _.a Field, and would be too great a Digrefion, to engage in the Defcription of them in a. /tgg/e Subject. The Pancreas was large, having one part (if I mis-re- member not ) running towards the Spleen, and the other down by the Deodenum. The Spleen was Two Inches and half long, and One "Inch in the broadeft Part, and was of a dark Red Colour. The Liver in this Animal was very large, of a bright Red Colour, confifting of Three Lobes +; Two o£ them + 7b. 2. were much larger than the third, which lay out of fight, 24. x and was not to be feen, but upon inverting the Liver : and here we found not only at the Edges of one of the larger Lobes, deep Incifures*, which rendered it jagged ;x,,, but alfo in the middle of the Concave part of the fame Lobe, feveral deep Fiffares t : Poffibly for this Reafon, 4 4 4 a. that fo it might yield and give way the better when ’tis inverted, as 'tis always, when this Animal hangs by its Tail. The Bladder * of Gall here was very large. The*c. Situation of the Liver and Spleen. here, appeared as in other Animals. d In the Grinary Parts Ydid not obferve any thing pe- culiar or different from the ufual Structure, unlefs what we fhall remarke of the Bladder of Wriue. The Kidneys ||| ra, 2. of each fide were a little above an Inch and half long, Fi.2. 44. about three quarters of an Inch broad, and of the Figure almoft ofa Kidney-Bean.The Bmulgent t Veins and Arte-+ 66. ries * were very plainly feen: But on the infide of the Xid- * «. neys, towards the upper Part, were placed the Glandule- — — Renales||, or, Renes Succenturzati, as they are called by || D D.. tu : fome, pee A atin " ( 139 ) fome, and which were here very large, and of the fame Colour with the &idseys themíclves, which was a deep Red; whereas thele Glandule Renales in Men aad other _ Animals , are ufually of a White, Yellowdh Colour. The Vreters * were about five Inches and an halt long, and were inferted into the Neck ot the Bladder of @/rixe, as is reprefented |], firft running uader, thea afcendin up by the two Extreams of each Verus, as they lie due plicated. The Bladder + of Urine, being inflated, was about the Bignefs of a Hen's Egg and of that Figure. The Neck of the Bladder, o: Urethra*,( which was about am Inch long) lay over the Vagine Ureri t; and here the - Cretbra ond the F'agiug Uteri emptied themíclves into one common Canalis * or Paffage, which meafured about an Inchand halíinlength. =. in moft Animals, about the Xidueys there ufes to be obierved a large Body of Fat covering them, being con- ained in the Membrana Adipofa: But here we found four large protuberant Lumps of Fat, two of each fide ; . two of them lying in the Pelvis of the Abdomen, near tne Bladder o: Urine, and the Uterine Parts; and the two others, between them and the Hédveys. Upon Exa- mination, | found that they coafifted of regular large La- mine. which were eafily feparable from one another, in broad Fleaks; fo asT have not obíerved before ; and in- deed, before I had examined thefe Lumps of Fat, I could not tell well what to make of them; and I am apr to - thigk, that thefe Two Bodies of Fat, near the Urerus are, what Margrave (a) and Pifo (D) calls, Zeffes fub Ano interius jacentes ; for, as 1 fhall fhew from them- felves, ia the Male, the Zeffes are otherwifé placed. We fhall proceed now to the Examination of the @re- rine Parts: For ’tis fo far from Truth, what is afferted by fome, that it has no Vrerus within, that here: we find not only one, but two V/reri ; and thefe too moft | | X2 wonder- © repo | wonderfully contrived, and far different from the com: mon Stru&ure and Make of this Part, in other Animals. And the more too I wonder at this Miftake, fince they pretended to have diffe&ted them ; for fo Margrave (a), Hac Burfa {peaking of the Marfupium or Pouch) ipfe Oterus eft Animalis ; nam alium non babet, uti ex feflio- ne illius Comperi ; in bac femen concipitur 9 catuli forman- tur. And to Pifo(b), Ex reiteratis borum Animalium Seclionibus , alium non imveuimus terum preter banc Burfam ; in qua femen concipitur © Catuli formantur. But notwithftanding what they talk of their diffedting them, there is not one Obfervation (as I know) of any one of the inward Parts, that they have given us. Hernan- dez (c) is more in the Right (and indeed his Account is much more to be valued, and more faithful in the whole, than any of .the others) where he tells us, we quimofve parit Catulos, quos utero conceptos, editofq; in Lu- cem, Alvi capacitate quadam, dum adbuc parvuli funt, claudit & fervat. We will therefore here takea Survey, - and an Account of thefe Parts ; and we find, that there are two Ovaria, two Tube Fallopiang, two Cornua Uteri, two Z/teri, and two Vaging teri. Y The Ovaria|| were placed one of each fide, near the! / /- Extreams of the Cornua V/teri, being faftened to the Ale * * rrr. teri, and were about the Bigneís of a Welch. The Fa- . fa Preparantia (the Arterie t and the Venie || that did got ann. to and from them) were very plain, and asI have repre ! °°?” fented them ; though the greateft part of thefe Vefels were beftowed upon the Corzaa Uteri. Near the Ovarza, L obíerved the Fimbrie|| Foliacee, and thence a Paflage || Tab. 2. into the Zube Fallopiane*. The Tube Fallopiane™ were ro EM two fine flender Canales or Dus, fapported by the Ale Fig. 2) tt. Z/teri, and running waving, and led into the Extreams of the Cornua Vter?. The Gornua + Uteri, being infla- t Fig. 3. ted, were about the Bignefs of a Goofe Quill, about an ^ one 2: po | lach ..— i : | ( 141 ) | | Inch and half long, and were faftened to the Ale @/terz, towards both Ends a little crooked, but where they pafs into the Vzerz, they were reflected inwards; dt the other Extream refleted outwards. Their Subftance feem- ed rather thicker than the Z/terz themfelves, and not fo tranfparent, by reafon of the numerous Blood: Ve(fels which irrigated them almoft all over ; for in the infide, both above and under, there ran the whole length of the - Cornua, large Trunks of Blood-Veffels, fending from the Sides all along numerous Branches ; which is very requi- fite: For in Animals that are Multiparous, as is our Sub- ject, the Litter or Fetus do lie, and are formed in the: Cornua Cteri, And I did here take Notice of fome lit- — tle Rifings of the inward Membrane of the Cornua, whereby they were fomewhat divided into CeZs ; but very imperfectly : However, for the Nourifhment and Formation of the Emério’s here, fo great a Number of Blood-Veffels is highly neceffary ; and they were far more . numerous here, than in the @terz themfelves. It has Four or Five Young Ones at a time, faith Hernandez (c). Pifo (b) and Tob. Stadius faith, Five or Six. That which Margrave (a) obferved, had Six. Ralph Hia- - mor (7) and Cardan fays, it hasSeven. So Fob. de Laet faith Six or Seven. But Jul. Caf. Scaliger (r) out-rec- . kons them all; for he faith, Fecundefima eff, duodenos . parit exiguos : But this Account I do iufpect, | Thefe Two Gersua do empty themfelves into tlie -* Fig.3. Two Uteri*, juft in the Middle, where they are con- oe 3 yJoined together ; and fooutwardly feem to form, but as - *Bg3.ee, lt Were, one continued Body +; from this Conjunction, . near the Neck of the Bladder, extending themíelves on each fide, and afterwards, being reflected to the Neck of the Bladder again, where they país into the Vagine Cteri. .. But having extended this Part by Inflation, and fo letting it dry, and then diffe&ting it; lobferved a ion" iMem= C 142 ) Membrane || ike a Diaphragm, perfe&ly to ran ercfs, and inturcly to divide them, near tbe infertion of the Cormua, intotwo difiine Bodies! ; fo that what is contained in the || Fié- 2. 7 Vterus on the Right Side, can't pafs into the Z/terus on the Left Side, by means of this Partition Wall ; tho’ oute wardly (as I faid) they both feemed, but as one conti- nued Body. I muft cosfefs, the Tana of this Part, feemed very fu: prifing to me; aad fuch as T have not met with a Pa. rallel, or the like, in any Animal befides ; at leaft of the Quadrupede Kind. "Tis true, in Lobfier; and Crabs, in the Female there are two teri, as in the Male there - are two Penes, but more diftin&t and fepzrated from one another. So two Peses, and each forked to», I have " obferved in the Rattle-Snake (uu); but how the Male Poffum is provided, I canaot tell : But this I think is the only Inftance cf a Land Quadrupede, that has two Vteri ; and each of thefé too, feemingly double, by that Refle- ction they make, and by an imperfe@ Diaphragm, which divides the Cavity of each Uterus a confiderable way, as we fhall fhew. Thefe 7/reri are not faftened to the Ale, as are the Ovaria, Tube and Corssa; but where they are conjoin’d near the Infertion of the Cormua, they do adhere very firmly to the Neck * of the Bladder, not eafily to be (e. * — parated thence; and by Membranes to the Re&um ; where more feparable. So that the Neck of the Blad- der lies over that Diaphragm or Membrane which parted them (as I faid) into two diftin@ reri. Here the Bo- dy of the reri (cemed to be about the Bignefs of the End of my Finger; or in Compafs (thus. inflated) it meafured about an Inch and three quarters : Hence they (ux) Philofoph. Ttanfad. No. 144. were 2 UR 3421. . e were projected towards each fide, and not according to the Leagth of the Spive, gradually inlarging the inward Cavity, as ‘tis extended. For here about tie Angle’ of Refletiiow, it meafured in Compaís two Inches and an - Halt The Czerz being thus extended towards cach fide | about the Space of an Inch and three quarters; and then EeG. reflected + back again, towards the Neck of the Bladder; e and {6 país into the two Vagine ||, which lies uncer the \) Fig. 2.13. Crethra*. From this Angle ot Reflection, the Cavity of T . each Uterus gradually leflens, and is much fmaller than the other part of the Uterus. The Capacity ofeach Cre: rus being the largeft at the outward Elbow, where it be- gins to be reflected; for here it made, as 'twere, one Common Cavity, for almoft the length of an Inch: But tx entheinfide, l-obferved a Membrane ' to be projected from the internal fide of the Uerz, juft from the Corner Where che fides of the Cterz are doubled, whereby this Cavity is in part divided; and for this Reafon, fhall call this Membrane, the Secosd, or an imperiect Diaphragm | of the CUreri. - puc n Here in thefe zeri, | obferved Four large Trunks of Blood-Veffels, which did run the whole length of them; fending from their fides numerous Branches, and Ramifi- n cations allalong. "Theíe Trunks were propagated from | PPP the Alypogaftrick || and Spermatic* Veílls. 1 did alfo ooo. here obferve in thefezerz(thus byInflation extended and : dried) (everal Fafctculi of Mufcular Fibres, placed at a. .. regular Diftance from one another; which did run the ' .Wbhole Length of the Czerz likewife: by means of whole » —. Contra&ion, the Fetus may be more eafily forced Baten | | : . "Thefíe two Czerz (asI mentioned) empty themfelves: tik Hg into the two Vagine T; for at this Extream, the U- +f ^ rrj, making a turn at the Neck of the Bladder, are con- tinued thence into the two Vaging, whichlie juft under i | : | the | | ( 144 ) | the Üretbra*, or that Paffage or Pipe which conveys the * Fig. 2. »- Orine from the Bladder, and are much of the fame Length with that of the Urethra, which was about an Inch. Their Capacity was about the Bignefs of a Wheat- Straw. Both thefe Vagine and Urethra -too, emptied themfelves into a Common Paffage ||, or Canalis, which x. was as large as all the other Three; and about an Inch and half long : it looked Redifh, by means of the numerous Blood-Veffels it enjoyed, and at laft had its Exzt fo near the Fundament, that when alive, there was not obferved . any other Foramen outwardly, but that which led into the Rectum, But when! came to diffe it, by elevating the Skin here, which feemed to cover it, like a Valve ; I obferved the Foramen that led into this Common Paffage, and putting a Blow-pipe into it, at the fame time, by In- flation I extended the Bladder of Urine, and the Urerine Partstoo; viz. The Vaginc, the Uteri, and the Cornua. So that in the Sézz here, there was only one Foramen + + Tab. 1. for the Exit of the Feces, and the Urine and the Fetus P 3° too. T have had no Opportunity of difie@ting a Male Pof- fum ; and indeed, of none other but this //sg/e Subject : For had I, I might have been more exa& in fome Parti- culars ; nor isit almoft poffible, to obferve all in Ove. The Account they give of the Male, is but very im- - perfect and fhort: Mas Feming per omnia fimilis, bene vefticulatus, faith Margrave (a) In Burfa pendulos Teftes, more Gati, gerens. And much the fame, faith Pzfo (4), Mas Femelle plané fimilis, in Burfa pendulos, more Gati, fefficules fert : Butadds, Etguod notatu dignum, Manti- cam (licet à Femelle diverfam) babet qua alternatis vi- cibus Catulos quoque circumferz. Y could with he had gi- ven us, wherein ‘twas different ; and what kind of Penis the Male had. dd The | Cup) ie ‘The Ingenious and moft Learned Mr. Ray (o) Queries, Whether the Zaz-ibi of Brafile, defcribed by Mar- grave (4); differs from our Subject, the Peffum, only in Sex? Or, Whether 'tisanother Speczes of Animal? And indeed, by a Paffage in his Defcription of it, one would think, that Margrave did take the 747-22; to be only the Male. (will tranfcribe the whole Paragraph, it not be- ing very long, that every one may have the Liberty of making their own Conjettures. Tai bi Brafilzenfibus,(faith he) Lufitanis Chachorro do mato, Be/gzs een Bofchratte : Animal corpore tereti G oblongo. Totius corporis cum colo longitudo ab eccipitio ad caude initium quatuordecim digi- torum, crafities decem. Caput babet vulpino emulum, ore acuto, barba felina : oculos con{picuos (5 promzneutes, Hie gros: aures fubrotundas, molles, graciles, albas, teneras ut charta mollis. Crura, pedes C9. digitos cum unguibus babet ut femella jam defcripta, uti C9 caudam. | Totum corpus vejlitum eft pilis albis fplendentibus, qui in extre- — mitatibus nigricant, (9 magis quidem im dorfo, maxime tamen in cruribus : circa anum initium caud@ pene ni- gricant. Os © aures albicant. Cauda in exertu ad quinque digitorum longitudinem pila veftitur albis in extremitate nigricantibus, reliqua pars major ad finem ufque cincia eff corio tenui {quamofo albicante inflar exuviarum ferpentis. Fatet. graviter, caro tamen ilius. comeditur. Victitat libenter galliuis, ut vulpes. Pili inferti funt tenui cuti- cule, qu& detrabi potefl falvo manente corio craffori. Teo fliculos propendentes habet ut felis mas. Had Margrave . mentioned in his Defcription, the Marfupium or Pouch, it had been more clear; but by the Account he gives, one cannot but think, that he makes the Carzgzeya, the Female, and the Tai-ibi the Male of the fame Species of Animal As they eat the Tai-2bi, (o Ralph Hamor (1) tells us, that he has eaten the Peffum, and that ’tis a grateful and wholeíom Food. : [e Ju Y Pifo E] , ( 146 ) | Pifo(b) having concluded his Defcription of the Ca- - rigueya, adds, In Indiis Orientalibus, idg; folum quantum baclenus conflat ia Amboina, fimilis Beftia frequens ad Fa- lis magnitudinem accedens, mactata ab incolis comeditur, fi rite preparetur, nam alias fatet. Nomen ill Cous Cous inditum, What Similitude this Beaft may have with oar Animal; or whether it is to be reckoned amongft the Animalia Crumenata, as Scaliger (r) calls them, Ido not know. Our Animal feems to be pro- perly a Native of America. Richardus Dinothus (as I find him quoted in Aldrovandus (a) faith Veram borum Patriam Americam effe, prefertim Pervanis Regionibus. So Peter Martyr (w), Arbores in Pariana Regione ingen- tes funt, inter quas repertum eft animal, &c. and then defcribes our Poffum. That ’tis found in Darzes and Florida, is aflerted by Nierembergius (d) ; and in New- Spain, by Cardan, and others. That they are in the -.. Tiles of Anguilla and Tabago, is affirmed by the Author of the Present State of his Majefty's Ifles and Territories in America, pag. 138, and pag. 250. And in Virginia they are frequently to be met with; as Ralph Hamor (4), John de Laet (m), Captain John Smith (n), anda great many others, tells us; and this that we diflected came from thence. | But not only in theWef?, but South America likewife, tis to be found: So Petrus Maffeius (e) and Cafpar Barleus ( f) aflures us, that they are in Brafile. Whee ther Cardan (z) was not mis-informed, when he tells us, . that tis in ZEtbiopia; Y do very much queftion ; his Words are thefe: Animal aliud mittit ‘Ethiopia, parte. anteriori vulpi perfimile, Cauda A9 pofteriore Cercopitbe- co, pedibus anterioribus bumanis, auribus vefpertilionis, quod crumeuam haber fub Venire, qua Catulos andiquag; gerit uec dimittit, nift dum laftare-vult. What Authori- ty he had for this, 1 do not know; but he owns rd i | ME that | EU that they are in the Weft-Indies. Nuierembergius (4) . amongft the Places where this Animal is to be found, — + Ta te. — Fig.4. AA. 455 - reckons likewife the Molucca Iflands; which, if truc, there may be fomething in what Pifo (4) faith of 44s - boina, which is one of them. But I thinkit does deferve- a farther Enquiry. zs I fhall proceed now to give a Defcription of the Sce- Jeton, and fo fhall conclude. | | We will begin therefore with the Head, which, from the End of the Occzput, to the Exftream of the Nae res, was Four Inches and Three Quarters long; of which the Roffrum + meafured «'hree Inches; and juft where the Roffram and the €ranzum || met, the Bones were fo pinched in, at the Sides, that here, *twas very narrow ; and I may fay, in Proportion to the Bulk of the Ani- mal, this was the leaft Cranzwm that ever I met with in — . & Quadrupede. On the Forehead, the Roffrum was an * 7. + K. E C e. Inch broad, having on each fide, a Protuberance* jutting out. There was a large Sature + juft in the Middle, which divided the upper Bones of the Nares length- ways, and though they ran flender towards the Extream ofthe Nares; yet thefe Bones towards the Porebead, Ípread into a Zréangular Figure , and as they are joined together, they forma Rbembozde, or a Lozinge. But I will — not be particular in defcribing each Boxe, that compofe - the Head; for fear of being tedious: But I cannot but take notice of that remarkable rifing RzZge|| like a Creff, that runs the length of the Cranium, from the Forebead _ to the Occipur, juft in the Middle; wherethe Sutura Sa- gittalis is in other Skals. This Ridge, for Diftinction fake, I fhall call, Protuberantia Offea longitudinalis ; and I obf€rved, it jutted out from the Crazium, above a Quarter of an Inch: Juft at its upper Bdge, I could per- ceive a Seam like a Suture ; fo that though now, thefe Po Bones : ( 148 ) Bones are fo well united together, that they appeared as - one entire Body ; yet in the Fetus, without doubt, the are feparable, and are Two. And this I rather think, . becaufe in the upper part of the Crazium T could not find any Sutures at all. So likewife anfwerable to the Lam- doidal Suture, may be thofe*other Ridges in the Ex- tream of the Occzput, which I fhall call, Protuberantie Offee Laterales* ; which arifing on each fide from the, , Proceffas Styloides, aícends obliquely up the hinder Part — of the Occiput ; and juft in the Middle at the Top, is joined with the Longitudinal Ridge, | have defícribed. Thefe Ridges, although as deep as the /fz/], yet were’ not ftanding fo upright, but prejected rather like a Pent- houfe, over this hinder part of the Crauium; by both which Ridges, the Cranium is fo well guarded and defen- ded, that ‘tis almoft impoffible, the Sku// fhould be any ways cracked or broken. Something like thefe Ridges, . but nothing fo large, I have obferved in the Sku ot a Weatel. And not only the Brais, but the Eyes likewife, are very. well guarded and defended, by the Os Zygemat;- cum ts which is very broad and ftrong ; in the broad- ; ¢. f. - eft Place being above Three Quarters of an Inch, and in the narroweft Half an Inch, being very thick on its under Edge; but at its upper, growing thin and fharp. But for the greater Strengthening this Bone (which is formed by a Proce/s from the Os Zemporam ||, and ano- , . ther from the Maxil/a fuperzor *) where they meet, they « 7 lap over one another, and fo become the ftronger. This Os Zygomaticum was Two Inches and an Half long, and ftanding off from the Craziam an Inch in Diftance. In the Orbit of the £yeat the inward Carthus, there was a large Foramen +, which led into the Cavity of the, Nofe, and by a Du placed here, the Zears or Moifture from the Eyes is conveyed into the Nofri/s. In the up- per ( 149 ) - per Jaw. Bone likewife, there was a large Foramen Il , which was for the Paflage of fome Veffels from the in- ' ward Orbit of the Eye. "Ehe Cranium t, which encompafs’d the Brazz, in the largeft Place, was about aa Inch over; and about an Inch and Half in Length ; but its Cavity jutted out . fomewhat farther towards the Nares, making as it were, a particular CeZ here, and pretty capacious, for the re- ceiving the Proce(fus Mamillares, and that fore Part of the Brais. And afterwards I obferved the Os Cribri- - forme very remarkably perforated with Holes, like a Sive; and indeed, in forming this Organ of Smeding, Nature feems very careful and follicitous, the Roffram making fo great a part of the ZZead, that the Cranium it felf feemed very inconfiderable in refpect to it, its inward Capacity containing not above the Quantity of a Wal. nut. Not having difle&ted the Brain (which I hope I may have hereafter an Opportunity to do) I will not at prefent, infift on the Defcription of the feveral Foramz- na’s Vobfervedon the iafide, for the Paffage of the Nerves and Blood Veffels.. But, as I have fhewn, fince it has fo — + € little Brains, Nature hath been very kind to it, in pre-. ferving them, by the Defence of thofe Prominent. Bones I have remarked, both length-ways and laterally be- . hind; and on the Sides too, "tis guarded by the Zempo- ral Procefs of the Os Zygomaticum. ha The Os Spongiofum ia each Noffril, feemed very curi- oufly contrived, by the abundance of Lamina it enjoys; fo that the Membrane that covers them, by this means, is renderd more Capacious, and capable of receiving more plentifully the Efflzvies of thofe Animals, it would either catch, or avoid; and in this Sewfory 'tis — known, that Bruits excel even Man himfelf, and their Organ is more adapted for it. 2 da | The | ( 150 ) | | "The Vader- Faw || confifted of Two ftrong Bones, join-l ! /- | ed together only at the Mentum; each meafured Four Inches in Length. The Head of this Bone (which was "Half an Inch broad) was received into a Sinus of the Os Zemporum, and very firmly articulated there. It had Two Proceffus: the Anterior 't or Superior is large and+ m. thin, into which is inferted the Zemporal Mufcle. The Inferior * Procefs is {maller, and runs to a fharp Point :* ». Here at this Proce/s, the Edge of the Mandible is fo di- lated, that it meafured above Half an Inch. On the in- fide of the Faw here,"is a large Sinus, which leads to a Foramen that goes into the Body of the Faw-Bone, and affords a Paflage for the Veflels thither. . The Ufe of thefe Bones is for Maftication ; which leads ime to confider the Zeeth. “And here we find all the Three Sorts of them ; for in the @pper-Fawbefore, were Eight {mall Dentes Incifores, Four ot each Side; then a void Space, almoft a Quarter of an Inch; then Two large Prominent Dentes Canini, one of each Side ; which jutted out of the: Jaw about Half an Inch: thefe were " fucceeded of each Side, with Three Dentes Zucifores ; but thefe were much ftronger and larger than the Fore- ^ Zeetb ; and thefe imitated the Dentes Molares, in that they were inferted into the Jaw- Bone with Two Phangs : But the ZZeads of theíe Z»czfores were acuminated ; where- as the ZZeads of the Molares were flat, and almoft of a Triangular Figure. There were Four. Deztes Molares of each Side : in all, Four and Twenty Teeth in the Upper- _ jaw. But the double Phangs of the Molares, and the Incifores Majores were fuch, as at firft fight, one would think them Two diftin& Zeeth; each Phang being in- ferted into a diftia& Alveolys, or Socket in the Jaw, and remaining feparated fome way above the Faw.Bone, and only joined at the Head.. 1n ; a». [4 ELE to, the Vertebre: and I find here, Seven Vertebre.of 201 1. | In the Under Faw-Bone, there were likewife of each Side, Four Dentes Incifores Minores before; then a - little void Space; after that, the Dess Caninus; then ~ Three Dentes Incifores: Majores; and laft of all Four Dene tes Molares, an{werable to thofe in the V/pper-Taw, but fomewhat fmaller. In both Faws in all, Eight and For- ty Teeth. Georg. Margravius's (a) Account I find is fome- what different trom mine; for he faith, Dentes. (habet ): inflar felis feu Vulpis, anterius nimirum tam fuperius, — quàm inferius parvulos, binc quatuor longos Caninos, fupe- riores quidem longiores, inferiores breviores, binc iterum. Sex alios, © dein Molares. Nimirum fedecim Molares, duodecim inter medios, quatuor Caninos, & incifores par- "Uwulos in inferiori mandibula otto, in fuperiori. decem, uam duos majufculos in medio habet, more: Leporis. : But we will proceed next to what the Head is faftened- the Neck; Thirteen of the Back or Thorax; Six of the Loius; Three of the Os Sacrum ; and Two and Twenty of the Zai7 ; One and Fifty in all, and all extraordinari-. ly contrived. . T The Firft Vertedra T of the Neck (to which the Head: - is faftened, and is therefore called the 447/27) had Two broad tranfverfe Proceffes, but no Spise. The Second Fertebra* of the Neck, had a very large and thick - Spine || of a Triangular Figure ; and init was obferved a ' large Semi-cfrcular $2225 ^, which was fo deep, as tore- ‘ceive into its Bofom, a great part of the Firft Vertebra.; by which means, the Articulation was very much ftreng- thened.. This Vertebra is called Dentata, from that Tootb.like Protuberance ~ 1 have reprefented, and which: : _is received into the Hollow of the Firft Vertebra, where. the Medalla Spinalis vans. This Vertebra backwards, had Two Proceffus obliqui. fuperiores™, and Two Oliqua- iuferiorest. The Third Vertebra of the Neck, ui the | | | | arme. ( 152 ) fame Proceffes || both before and behind; but the Spine *|\ Fz. 7. here was about Three Quarters of an Jnch in Height ; ^; ff. about the Third of an Inch thick; and juft at the Top. feemed to bea little cleft. The Fourth and the Fifth Ver- tebra had the fame Proceffes, as the Third Vertebra; and the Spine here, likewife very thick, and cleft at the Top; but gradually leffening in Height, as alfo Thicknels. ‘The Sixth Vertebra, befides the former Proceffes, had likewife an acute Zrazfverfe one, on each Side ; and its Spine much fhorter, and more acuminated than the for- mer. The Seventh Vertebra of the Neck had only Two eblique Proceffes before, and none behind; and Two acute tranfverfe Proceffes, and a very fhort and fharp Spine: So that upon holding up the Head, the Spine —— of the Férft Vertebra + of the Zborax, would touch the + Tas. :. Top of the Fifth Vertebra of the Neck. Theíe Verte. Fz-4-N-8. £re are fo ftrongly and clofely locked into one another, that though each of them are large in themfelves ; yet, thus articulated, they do not make full Two Inches in Length. But What I moft wondered at, was, to ob- ferve the Thicknefs and Strength of: the Spies of the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Ferte£rz, tar different from what I have obferved in any other Animal; and can't but think muft be, for the better defending its felf from the Injuries it might receive by any Fall; and to perform much the fame Ofzce, as that Prominent Bony Ridge in the Cranium. And not only here; but likewife the Spines of (everal of the Vertebre of the Thorax and Loins, 1. find are thus flatted, and broad at the Ends; and they being fo, fhould it happen to fall to the Ground, by Chance or Defign; thefe Spizes being fo Prominent and flat, will better bare off the Blow; and upon this Account, there is no Danger of his breaking his Neck, . his Back, or his Head; fince they are all Three fo well fecured and guarded. The — f Tab. 2. Fig. 8. bb. #6 Co t dd. lee Tod. | ( 153 ) | "The firft Seven Vertebrz of the Zhorax, have Two oblique Procefes + forwards, which run under the binder oblique Proceffes of the preceding Vertebra ; and have Two oblique Proceffes* backwards, which rides over thofe of the fucceeding Vertebra; as likewife Two tranfverfe'Proceffes T, which at their Ends have {mall Acetabula's || or Sz»us's, for the receiving the ZZead; of the Ribs, which are faftened to them. The Spines® of. thefe Vertebre, are (lender, thin, and fharp; about Three Quarters of an Inch long. The Six following Fertebrg of the Thorax, have fhort, thick, and flat '" Spines. The oblique Proceffes being continued on each ‘Side of the Spiwe, make as 'twere, a Gutter; and the i Tab. 2e Fig. 9. tbh cc * Tab. 1. Fig. 4. - No. IO. T No. 13 * No. Ir tranfuerfe Proceffes here, are fomewhat different from the former. The Spines|| of the Vertebre of the Back or Loins, the more they approached the Os Sacrum, fo they leffened gradually in their Thicknefs on the Edge. But here were double oblique Proceffes +, viz. Four at each End of the Vertebra, and the undermoft {preading themfelves out broad. The Three Vertebre* of the Os Sacrum, are firmly faftened to the Os Z/ium +; but the - laft not fo entirely as the Two former: But this at each Side had a broad tranfverfe Procef$, and the Spines of thefe were thin. The Two Firft Vertebre* of the Tai had only Ove {mall acute Spine ; but in all the other Ver- tebre of the Tail, both at the Head and Tail of each Fertebra, Vobferved Two Spines ; but thofe at the Head of the Joint,.the larger. Inthe Six Firít Pertebre of the Zaz/, there was, of each Side, a broad tranfverfe Pro- cef, the Length of the fost : In the other Vertedre one ly at the Head and 7azl, a jutting out at the Sides. The ail, and at the End not (o long. Vertebra about the Middle of the 7427, were the longeft; being there about an Inch long ; nearer the Root of the Z S | But. ( 154 ) But what I was moft of all pleafed to fee, and I think, is a wonderful Piecé of Nature's Mechanifm, was, thole Spines + or Hooks placed in a Line, in the Middle of the t Ne r2 under Side of the Vertebr@ of the Jai. “Tis true, the ~ firft Three Vertebra had none of thefe Spines, nor were they neceffary here, fince they lay within the Compats of the Offa Coxendicis ; but in all the other Vertebra, to the End of the Zai/,they were to be obferved ;but as they approached the Extream of the 7aZ, they grew lefler and fhorter. Thefe Spies || (where longeft) were about y 745. . a Quarter of an Inch, or fomewhat more: they were Fig-to.bib. placed juft at the Articulation of each Joint, and, as ] faid, in the Middle from the Sides; and {cemed to be articulated, both to the preceding and following Verte- bra; not being an entire folid Body, but arifieg from the Vertebre with Two Legs or Crura, become after- wards perfectly united at the Ends. By this means, thefe Bones ate rendred more firm and ftrong,and this Flollow * * ; c. ferves for the tranfmitting the Blood-Veffels thorough them; and one may obferve here a Stria, or Furrow, ' all the Length of the Vertebra, for the receiving them ; whereby they are the better fecured from Comprefiion, when this Animal hangs by his Zaz. And fer the per- forming this Office, nothing, I think, could be more ad- vantageoufly contrived: For when the 747/ is twirl'd or wound about a Stick,this Ffook of the Spine-eafily fuftains the Weight, and there is bur little Labour of the Mauféles required, only enough for the bowing or crookieg the Tail ; for then, as by a Hook, the Weight of the whole Body is hereby fufpended. And for the-doing this, ‘twas obferved, that in each preceding Vertebra, there did'a Mufcle axife, which was inferted on each fide of the fuc- ceeding Vertebra ; which Acting or Contracting, muft neceffarily bend and curve that Foz. But for the ftrengthening the whole;there was obferved Four Mu/cles | : to ( 155 ) | to ari from the Os Sacrum, which did run the whole. length of the 7a; Two on the upper Side, and Two on the under ; fending each a Zeudon to each Luternode or Vertebra, | So that when the S£s was ftript off, the outward parts of thefe Mafcles feemed to have rendinous Expanfiors over them, the whole Length of the Zai/, and almoft to be covered by them; which muft needs very much contribute, and add Strength to the 727/ ; (befides what may be the Elect of their Infertion of Zex- dows into each eiut, or Fertebra, in curling and un- bendiag the Tail, — | py What (fe this Animal makes of his 7274, when alive, and how edvantagioufly "tis contrived for that Purpofe, we have iufticientiy feen: But I find it is highly com- mended by Herwandez(c), as an extraordinary Medicine — and Specifick ; and from him, feveral others relate the fame : fihali give you only his Words, and (o proceed on. to our Sceleton; Cauda bujus Animalis (faith he) egre- gina elt Medicameutum; trita enim drachmae unius men- Jura, atq; ex aqua aliquoties devorata, nullo preaffampto alimento eo die quo bauritur, Oring meatus mire abflergzt, eadem evocata, tratlifqs lapillis, € quacusque alia re me- atus. objtruente. — Venerem excitat, generat lac, ac per- jractis medetur, (9 Cholicis, Partum accelerat, Menfes elicit, extrahitg; tufa S impofita aculeos quà. funt infixi, | &c ventrem emollit. And concludes, Et fortafis nullum | extat Medicameutum ad bas res omnes peragendas, pre. flamtius. —— | : : To theVertebre of the Thorax are faftened the Rz5||, and there are’ Thirteen: of each Side. The Seven fore- — moft are more perfectly articulated with the Sternam ; the Six fucceeding may be reckoned in fome Senfe, Cofe Nothe: For though they are long, and as they proceed from the Vertedre, are laclined backwards, to- wards the hinder Legs; yet afterwardsthey are reflected : : rra um for- -— | ( 156 ) forwards towards the Steraum or Cartilago Scutiformis, But I muft here take Notice, that thoug^ in Mag, and other Animals, that Part of the Rébs that is faftened to the Os Peíloris, or Sternum, be ufaally Cartilaginous ; yet here, in our Subje&t, I obferved it to be all Bony throughout. However, this Difference I found, that the Ribs did look redder, by reafon of the Blood Veffels in them; and this Part was Whiter, and where it was faftened to the Rids, one might plainly fee; fo that it may well pafs for a Bony Cariilage ; as often, the Care tilages do become Bony. The Firit R#d was only an Inch long, and its Bony Cartilage a Quarcer of an Inch: hence gradully the Rz2s increafe in Length ; for the Se. venth Re was Three Inches long ; and its Cartilage One Inch and Half. The Four laft of the Coffe Netbe, gra- . dually leffen again in Length; for thelaft Rz£ of all was only One Inch and Three Quarters long ; and its Carti- lage did not run Home to the Os Pedorzs, or Sternum, though the Firft, Second and Third of the Cofe Nothe did. The Os Pedloris, or Sternum, confifted of Seven Bones, according to the Number of the Fore-Ribs, that are faftened to them. At the Beginning of the Srernum, there jutted out a fharp Bony Cartilage, which, from its Figure, I fhall call, Carzzlago Enfiformis +; and here: ». was faftened One Extream of theC/Zavicu/e ||; at the End T of the Szersun, towards the Belly, there was a broad, — roundifh Cartilage, which therefore I fhall call, Cartila- go Scutiformis *. | ott ©. There were Two Clavicule ||, or Collar-Bones, each an |» Inch and Half long ; having one Extream faftened to the Firfl Boxe of the Steraum, or the Cartilago Enfiformis ; and the other End to the Spine + of the Scapula, near + +. the Conjun@ion of it to the Os ZZwmeri. By means of this Bone, it can more advantagioufly bring its Fore- Feet i | to ( 457 ) 7 toits Mouth ; as it ufesto do when it feeds its felf, as do the Monkey. Kind, who have Clavicule too as well as: he / NAE f Tab. x. Fig. 6. tte ET Fig. 6. * b, the af x= RP Man ;*rhough many Animals want thefe Boxes. The 3capala " o: Shoulder-Blade was about Two Inches long, about an Inch and Half broad ; itsSpéne||, though. thin, yet the nearer it approached the Shoulder, it grew. larger and flatter. Into the Szsus of the Neck of the Scapula, was received the ZZead + of the Shoulder-Bone, - or of the Fore-Thigh-Bone ; as to that Protuberance, called, the Acrominm, was faftened the End of the. Glavicdla. © d | This Zhigh-Bone of the Fore-Legs 1 found very re- markable; ío that I caufed a Figure || to be made of it: ‘twas about Two Inches and Three Quarters long ; ‘twas thick and Strong, having a large rough S pine * jutting | forward, and running Half the Length of ir. The low-- er Extream T of this 7high-Bone, to which was faftened. the 777a and Fébula, grew very broad, being almoft an. . Inch broad. Above, where this Bone began to grow: broad, on the out-fide, was a large Protuberance ||; and on the Infide there wasa great oblong Foramen *, or hol- low Paffíage, formed by a {mall Bone arifing from the inward Fore-Part of the Zhigh-Boxe, where it begins to. tf Ye. grow larger, and was afterwards united to that part cf. the Bafis + of this Bone, where the Fibula, or Minus. focileis joined. Juft in the Middle of the Bafs of. this Bone, there was a large Sinus |] which backwards ap- peared deeper, which did lock into another deep Sinus. of the ZzZza ; by which means thefe Bones were fo firm- ly articulated together, as they were not eafily, if poffibly; to be put out of Foznr. | | The Zzbia t, or Focile majus, was a ftrong Bone, a- bout Three Inches long ; which was extended || upwards about a Quarter of an Inch above its Articulation with the Thigh-Bone.; and at the other End, was faftened to the outward Bone of the Zarfus. — Ihe. (58 ) | The Filula * , or Focile Minus, was a Ímaller Bone,* ». ». placed more inward and forwarder, and not fo long as the Zzbia ; being articulated above (but not fo firmly) with the Thigh- Bone, and below, with the inward Bone of the Tarfus. For there were but Two Bones of the Zarfus +, having each a (mall Szwus, for the receiving t x x. the Heads of the Two Fociles. The Bowes of the Meta- tarfus || were Four, or it may be Five; to which were |i » » joined the Five Fingers or Toes of the Fore-Feet. The innermoft Joe had but Two Articulations, or Joints, but á at the End had a large hooked ftrong Nail: The other ‘ Four Fingers had each, Three Articu/3 or Foints, armed with Alooked Nails, as the Firft. The Hinder-Legs were faftened to the Trunk of the Body by the Os Znnominatum; which, though properly here is but Two Bozes, (via. One: of each side) being feparated above, by the Os Sacrum, and below, are join- | ed together at tae Os Puis ) yet commonly ‘they do, | for Diftinction íake, give Three Names to each ; as the uppermoft Part of this Bone they call, the Os Hium* ; ;T No. 13. the lowermoft, the Os 7fcbii, or Coxendicis ||; and the 4 T --— fore Part, where the Coalition is, the Os Pabis *. The* aa. ) Length ef the whole, in a ftraight Line, was Three In- ; ches. In the Os Zfchii was the Acetabulum +, being at f f. | large Socket, for the receiving the Head of the hinder 1 Thigh Bone; and deeper in, there was a. Space for tlie E faftening the Ligament ; from. which Space, there was a i Sinus which led outward; fo that the Brims of the Ace- j talulum was riot an entire Circle, but broken off here: : But the moft remarkable Bezes lieré, are, the Offa Mar- 1 Jupsalsae , feu Fanitores Mar fupii, of which 1 have odi * cc a Defcription before; therefore now fhall proceed. The ZZisder- Thigh. Bone wasa little above Three Inches long ; ‘twas roundith, asda ftrong Bone. But the 7idia T, * 12.1. or Majus Focile. of ‘the Hinder ": , was fomew hat Fé 4 LI longer c || W. We ieee d ee Ris EC ( 159 ) longer, and alittle curved. The Fibula |, Or Minus Fo- cile, was about the fame Length, ttraighter and flender- er: This, towards the Foot, was articulated to the Os Caleis ; asthe Zzbia was to to the Talus, or Ajiragalus ; and theíe Two Boxes 1 make the Zarfus * ; and joining to them, were the Boses of the Metatar[us +; and to thefe. the Phalanges l| of the Psgers or Toes. In the innermoft, or the Thumb, there were only Two Articuli, or Bones ; in the ctlier Four Zoes, or Digiti, in each there were. Three Articuli, or Joints. The End of the Thamé was more flatted, than the Ends of the other Joes: For the Thumb, as | have ee bad a flat Nail, like a Z7a- man Thumb: in the others, the Nails were long, and curved. lobíerved like wit, atthe Articulation of each joint of the Zees, on the under Side, there were Two imal! Bones, that are called, Offa Sefamoidea, and thefe, beth inthe Fore and Hinder-Feet. fam fenfible now tedious 1 have been, in the Defcrzp- tion of this one Animal, and from a ff ingle Oblervation too. Had had more Leafure to have drawn ic Up in, Pmight have been much fhorter. But it being an Api. mal, lovery remarkable ; and one too, fui Generis, ora diftinct Species from all ot thers, | was the more iaclin'd to bes particular as Tcould, thougünot fo much as I conld have wifhed. And’ Lam the more confirmed in what I have formerly wife (ww) that forthe perfecting a Na- tural Eliflory of Animals, we hada dzffintt Account and Anatomy of fome One of a Species; witich, witha hetle Variation, might ferve for all of that Family : fince I find fo great a Maftar of Natural Fiiftory, as Mr. Ray (xx), is of [ the fame Opinion. | 2 —— 3 TRITT — P ee — 3 dun Bd WE (wy) i my i25 *y Difcourfe concerning Anatomy, and a NaturaF Hiflory Pi Animals, before my Phocena. (xx) Synopfis Animal. p. 224. ince ( 160 ) ‘Since part of this Difcouríe was Printed off, I have met with a Pafíage in a Zreatzfe of the Bucaniers of Ameri- ca, wrote firft in Dutch by Fobn Equemeling, aad (ince tranflated into Englifb ( yy), which I can’t but take Notice of: And if true, (as the Author affures us, that be (27) e has fcen it often) "tis.an Inftance of a Quadrupede, which | knew not of before, that receives its Zowng into its BeZy. But tis not a Land, but Water Animal ; or it may be ra- ther, one Amphibious, between both. "Tis a fort of Crocodile, which he calls a Cayman ; his Words are thefe, which I therefore repeat, that by farther Obfervation, if true, it might be confirmed; as alío, it might be . more particularly fpecified, whether their Entrance into the Belly, was by the Mouth, or any other Part. “ Ma- * ny times (faith he) their Eggs (for’tis an Animal Ovi- “ parous) are deftroyed by Birds, that find them out, as “ they {crape amongit the Sands: Hereupon the Females ** of the Caymams, at fuch times as they fear the comin * of any Flocks of Birds, do oft-times, by Night, {wallow * thefe their Eggs, and keep them in their Stomach till * the Danger is over. And from time to time, they bu- — * ry them again in the Sand, as I have told you, bring- ** ing them forth again out of their Belly, till the Seafon * 1s come, of being excluded the Shell. At this time, af the Mother be nigh at hand, they run unto her, *' and play with her,as little Whelps would do with their “Dams, fporting themfelves according to their own * Cuftom. In this fort of Sport, they will often times *' run in and out of their Mothers Be//y, even as Rabits * into their Holes. This I have feen them do many times, «© as [have {pyed them at play with their Dam, overthe - * Water, upon the eontrary Banks of fome River: at * which time! have often difturbed their Sport,by throw- * ing a Stone that way,caufing them on a fudden to creep * into the Mother's Bowels, for fear of fome eminent * Danger. M 4 The ~~ ( 161 ) T HE : EXPLANATION of the FIGURES. TABULA PRIMA. . FIGURA PRIMA Re the outward Sbape and Figure of the Poflum, drawn from the Life. ! FIGURA SECUNDA . Reprefents the Slit or Aperture in ‘the Belly that goes to the Mate fapium or Pouch, where the Young Ones lodge, tiU they can shift for tbem[elves. -- FIGURA TERTIA. A. Shews tbe Marfupium or Pouch turned the infide outwards where may be obferved the Hazr or Fur that covers it, and may help the better to keep tbe Young Ones || warn. ee BB. Lhe two hinder Legs cut off. C. The Foramen of the Anus, which 4s alfo the common outward Vent or Exit to the Reftum,zhe Blad- der of Urine, and the Uteti too, — D. The beginning of the Tail. | FIGURA QUARTA —. Gives a View of tbe Sceleton or - - Bones of this Animal. — aa. The Roftcum or Snout. bb. Bbe Cranium or Skul that did | contain the Brain. : .— €cc. A Boxy Ridge or Protuberan- tia Offea longitudinalis,that did run the length of the Cranium, and over a part of the Roftrum. d. The lateral Ridge, which, like a Penthoufe, jutted over the bin. — der part of the Cranium, Pro- . tuberantia Offea Lateralis. ef, Zhe Os Zygomaticum. (e) its Proceís from tbe OsTemporum, and (£) that from the Maxilla Superior, or Upper Jaw. | g.A Foramen er HYole in the inward Canthus of the Orbit of the Eye that leads into the Noftrils, and by a Duct conveys the Tears or Moifture of the Eyes into them. h. A¥oramen or Hole in the upper Faw for a Paffage totheVeffels. — L.A Protuberance of the Os Frontis. AK. A Suture of the Os Narium. 1l. Zhe Lower Mandible or Fsw- bone. Maxilla inferior. | m. Zhe Superior Procefs of the an der Faw, ae n. Zhe inferior Procefs of the under — aw. o. The Clavicula of one Side. p. The Cartilago Enfiformis of the Jirft Bone of the Sternum. .q. The Scapula or Shoulder-Blade | Bone. - Aa r. The seer (x60) r. The Spine of the Scapula. b.Zbe Coalition or the joining of the ^ SSSS. The Lhigh-Bones of a// tbe, Offa Pubis. Feet. cc.Z be two Ofla Marfupialia, or Ja- TTIT.Z7be'Tibia,erFocilémajus| —nitores Marfupii. | of all the Peet. ^ | dye.The Bafts of the Ofla Marfapr uu. Part of the Tibia in the Fore-, alia, where joined to the Offa © Legs,extended beyond the Arti-| — Pubis, (d) the inward Head of | culation. | tbe Bafis, (e) the outward. ww.ww. The Fibula or Focile mi- | ff Zhe Acetabulum or Socket for nus in all the Legs. receiving the Head of the Thigh xxxx. Zhe Bones of the Tarfus. Bone. | | yy.yy.ZheBones of the Metatarlus. ,g.g. Zhe Os Ileum, | zzzz. The Toes. . |hh.Z/e Vertebra of the Os facrum, | ^. ex Le Thumbs zz tbe hinder Feet.|VM. The Os líchii or Coxendicis. | No.x.Z Le firff V eitcbra of the Neck FIGURA SEXTA> | 4 called the Atlas. Exhibits the Figure of the fore fide 2,3.4,5,6,7 Lhe fecond,third fourth,| of the Thigh Bone of the fore fifth fixth,and feventh Vertebra| Leg. 7 of the Neck. a. Zhe Head of the Thigh Bone, — | SJ be firft Vertebra of the Thorax.| where'tis faftenedtothe Scapula. — — - 9. The firft Vertebra of the Loins.| b. 4 large rough Spine, which runs — | 10. The fir Vertebra of theOs| a£ove half the Length of this — - Sacrum. : . Thigh Bone. 11. The firft Vertebra of the Os!c. A Protuberance of this Bone on _ mv Coxy gis, or Tail. the out fide. | | 12.12.12.12. Zhe Spines or Hooks | d. A large Foramen or hollow Paf- on the infide of the Tail. ec fage. 1 3,14.Z beOs Insominatum,where | e. A Sinus for receiving the Head — (13.)2s tbe Os ium, (x4) the| | of the Tibia. - Os Ifchit or Coxendicis. ~~ fg. Zhe Bafis or lower Extream — 15.15. The Ofla Marfupialia, feu| — of the Thigh Bone. Janitores Marfupii. M. TABULA SECU NDA. **** The Ribs, thirteen ia all. FIGURA PRIMA (9). The Cartilago Scutiformis. | Reprefents tbe Stomach asd Guts, FIGURA QUINTA and the feveral Coylings"zbey Reprefents the Situation of tbe| | make. | Offa Marfupialia, &c. =~ + |A. Zhe Gula or Gullet. | aa, The Offa Pubis, — . B.ZheStomach, ~ café : 4 Y ET SE ems E dn, Sa ne es rm. EDI C £F n. f Li lbs ARIAS acum " mc TUNE CTS » x | £o (369 P C. A Perforation of the Stomach, | G-ZzeBladder of Urine turn’d afde .. caufed by an Ulcer there. h. Tbe @rethra. — dd. Zhe two pouching out of the Sto- | 1. Lhe two Vaginz Uteri. . mach at the two Ends, K. Zhe common Pallage from the- €. The Pylorus. | Urethra, and the two Vagine. f. The beginning of the Duodenum. |]. 77e Arteria Aorta, or Great Ar- g,h,i,k,lm,0,0,p.q. .Reprefests the| — terie. {mall Guts, and the Coyles and | m. The Vena Cava. . Comvolutious they do make. Some | nn.n. The Spermatick Arteries, of the Coyles lie hid, and. out of | 00.00. The Spermatick Veins, fight; But the order how tbey | PP-D-. Zhe Hypogaftick Arteries. | folem one another, is fiznified by| and Veins. is the Order of the Letters of tbe | ttr. The Ale Uteri, feu potius '— Alphabet : fo that Cg) follows; Cornuum. TE (E), and (g) zs fucceeded Dy (0459. The Ovaria. and (i) £y (k), and fo onto (q) |t The Tude Fallopiane. where the lion is difcharged|¥4. The Cornu Uteri fof the Left and emptied into the Cecum ;| — Side opened. or, if that is’ full, into the Co-| W. The Cornu Uteri of the Right- lon at the firfi Letter 8. _ Side uot opened. RR. Zhe Czczum. [xx. Zhe two Uteri opened. SSS. The Colon. PY: Z4e Diaphragm that divides. T. The Re@urn. : |. the two Uteri. : ve The ff Mefenterie,or Meíen-1 ZZ. The zmperfect | Diaphragma,. ;.. terium minorum Inteftinorum | which partly divides each Ute- — W.Zhe fecond Mefentetie,orMefen-| tus, axd lies over the Paffage of |. terium majorum Inteftinorum.]| that Part of the Uierus, which: 7" "FIGURA SECUNDA ks doubled and tends to the Va- | Exhibits the Urinary andthe U | gine. .. -terine Parts. | FIGURA TERTIA © | AA. The two Kidneys. - — | More particularly fhows the Uxes * bb. The Emulgen: Veins. rine Parts. — : - €c. The Emulgent Arteries. AA. The two Ovaria. — dd. The Glandulz Renales. | bb. Zhe Fimoria Foliacea. — ee. The two Ureters. |cc. The Tube Fallopianz.. — E. The Infertion of the left Ureter, dd. The two Coraua Uteri. '. nto the Neck of the Bladder. —.| EE. The two Uteri reduplicated” | Jose. ARM f. A Slit in the Neck of the Left Uterus; Spinalis paffes. | to fhew its Paffage into the Vagina |cc. Two [mall Foramina for tbe Paf- on tbat Side. po JegeefVefes. — g. The Left Vagina opened. _ 4d. Reprefents the Cleft at the top of the h. The Oftium or Mouth of tbe Right| Spine. ‘Vagina. ee. The two Proceffus obliqui Supe- i. The common Paffage from the Ure-| — riores before. . thra and Vaginz. ff. The two Proceffus obliqui Inferi- K. The Urethra. | ores before. ll. 77e Bladder of Urine cut off. FIGURA OCTAVA EIGURA QUARTA Reprefents the firff Vertebra of tbe Reprefents the Hairy Topbus, or Ball} Thorax . | of Hair that was taken out of tbe| A. The Spine, which is long and acute. Stomach. . bb. Zhe Oblique Procefies before. FIGURA QUINTA cc. The Oblique Proceffes bebind. Reprefents the Liver. dd. The Tranfveríe Procefies. A. The Vena Cava. ee. Where the Ribs are faftened. BBB. The three Lobes of the Liver. — f. The Hollow where the Medulla Spi- C. The Bladder of Gall. nalis pa/fes. ddd.The Fiffures in the Body of the Liver.| FIGURA NONA- eee. Thelncifures at theEdges of theLiver.| Reprefents the fourth Vertebra of the 4 TIGURA SEXT A. Loins. A. The Spine of the fecond Vercebra of |aa. The two upper Oblique Procefles the Neck. behind. | | b. Reprefents its 1 bicknejs. |b. The Spine. c. A large Sinus for the receiving tbe | Cc. The two under Oblique Proceffes o feft Vertebra. bebind. d.72e Dens or Tooth of this Vertebra.} FIGURA DECIMA 3 e. Tbe Proceflus obliquus fuperior of | Reprefents tbe fecond and third Verte- — one Side. bra of the Tail. -" f. The Proceflus obliquus inferior of ,aa. Toyo Vertebrz of tbe Tail. E tbe fame Side. | bbb. Zhe Spines or Hooks on the ine FIGURA SEPTIMA fide, by means of which, it can bet- | A. Reprefents the Spine of the third\| ter bang by its Tail. Vertebra of the Neck, where is|cc. A Hellow or Foramen inthe mid- fhewm its natural thicknefs. dle of thefe Spines, through which, b. The Hole through which the Medulla| Blood-Veffels paffes. E | E RE ae AST A. ; | EM PA 105. J. 5. r. at Chirurgions. p. 106. J, 21. v. Simi-vulpa. p. 107. 1. 26. v. Epithet. p. 108. 4 ^5 1. r. determined. 4. 14. v. addidi. p. 109. 4. 7. r. Crumenam. p. 110. 7. 8. r. her. p. 112. 7 L. 6. r. Hexagons. p. t13. 7. 23. r. funk. p. 114. J. 32. v. invicem. p. 116. J. 5. r. proficifcatur. — L. 10, r. queritare didicerint. — 4. 18. r. ftrepitum. — J. penult. adapting. p. 125. /. 12. % ge. pF Í. 29. Columbis. p. 140. J. 25. v. Vetch. 4. 26. v. Vein. fp. 146. 1. 3. v. felis. f. MAS C Extream. /. 19. f. Tu 1 PAS fs P. 14 3. 7. Hels. f. 147 IO. * nnnc (C C" - - ;^ LONDON: Printed for Sam. Smith, and Benj. Walford, Printers to the Royal Society, : at the Princes Arms in St. Paul's Church-Yard. 1698. — — (NE - Y 3.5 - ure. p. 148. /. 5, r. Lambdoidal. p. 149. J. 11. r. Seive. p. 151.1. 9. v. felis; — Miei pas ee = 1 a | Y UE gd i t Ce WAR E. T nir E "n "VUE ; u : UE a@ : sO Philos. Transat 20 - a ee ane emer crue ry eer hee | PHILOSOPHICAL | TRANSACTIONS. For the Month of May, 1698. SSS vecti T Th CONTENTS. ' I, Part of a Letter from Mr. Benjamin Bullivant, a£ Bofton zs New.England, zo Mr. James Petiver, 4pothe- | ary, and Fellow of the Royal Society in London. Cox- cerning fome Natural Obfervations be bad made in tbofe | Parts. M. Part of a Letter from Mr. Anthony van -Leeuwenhoeck, FR. S. concerning the Eyes of Beetles, &c. Ill. Part of a Letter from Mr. Stephen Gray, about a Way of Meafuring the Heightb of the Mercury 4n the Barometer more exactly. |V.. Part of a Lets ter from. Dr. William Mulgrave, Fellow of the College of .Phyfteians, aud. R..S. to Dr. Sloane, concerning the Caufe of the Necefity of Breathing. V. du Account |. of what. happened on Syringing warm Warm Water into the Thorax of a Bitch. By Dr. William Mulgrave, |. Fellow of the College of Phyfians, and RS. Vi. Some |. Obfervations concerning the Subjtance commonly called, Black-Lead, bythe late Dr. Rob. Plot, FoR. S. — VII. : bb. Ars | ul (166) - Mit An Account of one Edmund Melloon, Bore at Port . Leicefter ix Ireland, who was of an extraordinary Size. Communicated by Dr. William Mulgrave, Fellow of — "the College of Phyficians,-and R.S. VIL. An Account ef the Diffettion of a Dog that had Mercury injetted ia. to one of the Tugulars. «By Dr.Chriftoph. Pit. IX. 4 Letter of Dr. John Wallis, of May 14.1698. to Sir John Blencowe (one of bis Majeflys Fuftices of the Court of Common- Pleas) concerning the Obfervation of Eafter for this prefent Tear, on April 24. 1698. X. 4 Method of extracting the Root of an. infinite Equation: By A. De Moivre, F.R S, > XI. Aw Account of the Appearance of an extraordinary Vris feen at Chefter, in " Auguft 747, by E. Halley. XII. Account of Books. 1.. Voyages and Difcoveries in South America: The Férft up the River of Amazons to Quito ia Peru, ‘and back 4gain to Brazil, performed at the Command of the King of Spain, by Chriftopher D'Acugna. Zhe Second, up the River of Plate, and thence by Laud to the Mines of Potofi, £y M. Acarete. The Third, from Cayenne’in- to Guiana, in fearch of the Lake of Parima, reputed the richeft Place in tbe World, by M. Grillet, and Be- clamel. Done-into Englifh from the Originals, being the only Accounts of tbofe Parts hitherto extant, with Maps. London, Printed for Sam. Buckly, at the Dolphin zz Fleet-Street. | 2..°Traite du Cancer, ‘ou l'on. explique fa nature. © ou l'on propofe les moyens les plus furs pour le guerir Methodigquement.. Avec un examen du Syfteme © de la pratique de Mr. Helvetius. Par Mr. - J. B.zAlhor, Confezder du Roy, Medecin ordinaire de fa — E Majefte, C9 de /a Baítille, Paris, 1698. in 8vo. XIII. A Catalogue of Books lately publifb d, not mentioned in thefe Traufaclions. XIV. Extracls out-of divers late Accounts and Letters./i050 o0 s ss SAMS 4 | i I. Part. (57). eL abri I. Part of a. Leiter. from Mr. Benjamin Bulli- vant,at Bofton,ia New England ; toMr. James —Petiver, Apothecary, aad Fellow of the Roy- al Society, in London. Concerning fome Na- tural Obfervations be bad made in tbofe Parts, — ry age ol M3 HE laft Laddrefled to you, was by our ingenious cM Friend Mr. Zrozz, who went hence in Ofodber ; 1 have fince received from you Mr. Foffetin’s Book of New England. Rarities, and obferve him to be fhort, but ner- vous. I cannot now make any defcant on your Obfer- ‘vations upon him, only this, that I made the.fame Re- "mark you do, about the Plague of \the Back, that it. is greatly diflant froman Empyema. » Y have tafted it more "than once perfonally, it feems more. of a; Collick, yet is i undoubtedly a Nervous Dolor. . The Country People _~have learned: of the Zudiaus to fleep Cafforeun in Rum, and fo cure it. | bsium Ho: vigeb bs) ilia * : As to the Fire Flies, 1 took feveral of them in Fuly laft, I take them to bea. Glow-Worm Volant; the Luftre - is plac'd as in a Glew-W'orm. Kill the Fly. (as L have done) and you find the SczetzZa. a {mall Jelly like Subftance, - the which feparated into Atoms, gives ftill, in the Dark, x a proportionable Luftre, to the Magnitude of each Atom. | MDC SVL ni" a oe | Yfaw Butterflies Eggs that were teftaceous, and near asbig as a Wrens, moit glorioufly beftudded with Go/d - aud Sz/ver ; at Road Ifland the Mowers find them in the Grafs, and they hatch ia the Windows, and area Sport. . for Children. | | Tortozfes ( 168 ) Tortoifes ate Amphibious, | have found their Eggs by Ponds Sides, in great Quantities, they, are without. Shells, like thofe in a Hens Belly ; our Dames fcruple not to ufe them as Hens Eggs in Puddings. | Grafboppers, an dry Years, area Phgoe to the Huf- bandmen : ‘That on fome Iflands they have put Multi- . tudes of Zurkeys to deftroy them ; they are prodigious in Quantity, of a Grey Colour, and about Three Inches long ; in Fuly become Volant, and have a kind of Regi- mental Difcipliae, and as it were, fome Commanders, which fhew greater and more fplendid Wings than the ‘Commoners, and rife firít whemthey are purfued by the Fow/ls, or by the Foot of the Traveller, which I have often ferioufly remarked. ! The Hum-bird | have fhot with Sand, and had one fome Weeks in my keeping. I put a Straw for a. Perch into a Venice Glafs Tumbler, ty'd over the Mouth witha Paper, in which I cut Holes for the Bird's Bill. (about as long and as fmall asa "Taylor's Needle) and laying the Glafs on one Side, fct a Drachm of Honey by it, which it foon fcented, and with its long Tongue put forth be- ' yond its Bill, fed daily ; it muted the Honey pure, and was a Profpect to many Comers; it flewaway at laft. We have a Prog as big asa Penny Loaf, its Cry's ex- a&ly like a: Bull. 1" I have examined the Clam, he hath a Plain Pipe or Probofcis, from whence he ejects: Water, if compreffed. Boffon in New England, Fan. 05.1692. u 1 : s AJ. [ uA "" " 3 7 - , v q .noit]lEoPar & ( 169 ) AL Part Wa a Letter from Mr. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, F.R.$. diii the A5 of Beetles, &c, d Have formerly [buic of the Multiplicity of ye. ; wherewith the fmaller fort of Infe&s are endued, as Flies are: which Eyes, I have feveral times fhewn to Perfons of Quality, that came to {ce me, to their great — Satisfaction ; and that in fucha manner, that they could. clearly difcern the fhewing of fome Hundreds of Eyes at once clearly : Amongft the reft, [ have, laft Summer, fhewn to feveral Englifh Gentlemen, the Multiplicity of Eyes that are to be feen in the Zusica Cornea of. a Beetle, that is called the Eye. This Sight was very ftrange to the (aid Englifh Gen- tlemen; becaufe, that if one wiil reproach a Man with | Blindnefs, or Dimnefs of Sight, they ufe to fay in Eng- | lfh, You are as Blind as a Beetle, becaule they reckon a | Beetle to be Blind. | I have cat that Part of a Beetle, which is reckoned to be his Eye; from the Head, and, after I had madeit clean, | fixed it before the Magnilying Glafs, and obferved, that |* it could not make up half the Bulk of'a Globe, it being broader than it was long. Further, I have told, to the beft of my Power, the Eyes that were in-One Row, in the greateft Semi- circle, and found that there was, at leaft, Three Score of ‘them. Now let us fuppofe, that in the fmall Semi-circle | of the Zunica Cornea, there is but Forty Eyes in One | Row, and then add thefe Sixty to the Forty, and it |J makes an Hundred, the half whereof is Fifty, which I B ye imagine, that if we take the Tunica Cornea for in a Im Qe Globe | ( 170 ) : Globe, they ftand in the greater Half-Circuit of the fame. yet ty | ' Sol have faid, with Metius, to put before me all the Eyes, wherewith a Beetle is endued,. that as Two and Twenty isto Seven, fo is the Quadrat Number of the . Circle, to the Superficies. This being fo, comes out Three Thoufand One Hua- © dred Eighty One Eyes, that are on both the Zuzice Cor- nte of aBeetle; if, as I have faid heretofore, they both . make up a whole Globe. | I have thought gocdtolet a Defigner draw a Part of the Tunica Cornea of a Beetle, fo far as he could follow it by the Help of the Magnifying Glafs, partly, to fhew the Multitude of Eyes that ftand upon it; and chiefly, to fhew that.every one of them has a Convexity. But we muft not conceive, that every convex Sight of the Beetle, has a Globieal Roundnefs; for if it was (o, he could not fee the Objects that were fomewhat diftant from him (I {peak here againft thefe that have difcovered Íome Knowledge in the Art of Opticks) but they each of them, a flat kind of Convexity or Roundnefs. ... When I told this to the Defigner, he did compare thefe flat Convexities, tothe Buttons we wear in thefe Days, that are faid to be made of Prince RoZert's Mettal. | i. 1. A.B.C.D.EF. doth thew a part of the Tunica Cornea of a Beetle. — | ! A B C. doth thew that part of it that isunited'to the — | " Head of the Beetle. DEFA. is very near to that part of the great Circle — | of the Superficies of the Corzez, whereon I numbered __ Sixty Faces or Eyes from DEF to A; and between thefe _ Letters we come to fee, how each Face or Eye is Ele. —— vated into a Roundnefs. € 171.) air —.I know that when we fix any Subftance before the - Magnifying Glaís, that fome parts thereof muft be near- er to, and others farther diftant from the burning Point © of the Glafs,and thefe parts that are fo,do. not fhew fharp, but blunt; and therefore when we will fee or fhew the Heights of the Eyes that are intheCornea,we mutt put the lower parts of the Corsea fomewhat farther off from the burningPoint of the MagnifyingGlafS;fo that the burning .' Point,or Sight of the Magnifying Glafs, may reach thele that are in the Cornea, as we muft do with Two or more grounded Glafies, fixed in a Box; and this being fo, we fhould have an Hundred Objects of the Eyes that are in the Cornea, {een at once, but yet very fmall; for the - Steeple of our new Church, whofe Diftance is great, as I have related in my former Letters, fcem, through the Eyes of the Beetle, no bigger to me than the Point of a fmall Needle. ; ! : Here we fee now, how thefe are miftaken, that take the Beetle to be blind, and how füfficiently this {mail Animal is provided with Sight, not to {peak of the other Parts of his Body ; which Infc&, when we meet it, we tread under our Feet, as having no efteem for fo Blacka . Creature. . In the Month of Avguff, inthe Year laft paft, I (aw a Fly creeping on the Windows of the back Part of my Houfe, which was of the Bignefs of a Bee; which fort. of Flies (yet very few of them) I have obferved there - to come every Year. The Paws of thefe Flies, chiefly that Side they run | -withal, are plentifully provided with Hair-like Parts, wherewith they. know to run upon Pollifhed Glafs,more | than any other fort of Flies. . I have cut off Paws, and "| fixed them before the Magnifying Glaís, for to fhew the | à i Orca | Tools ( 172.) | Tools wherewith they are able to fix themfelves to the : Polifhed Glafs, and fo to run up. | | I have alfo cut off the Cornea of the Head of thefe Flies, and have obferved that it was befet with very ma- ny {mall Hairs, which were placed not upon the Eyes, but between them. | | ' Further, I have taken the Matter that fills up the Cor- nea out of it, to judge of it by the Help of the: Magni- fying Glafs, and that the rather, becaufe I could never before fatisfy my felf about it, viz. to what Purpofe ‘this Stuff was made; and I did conclude, that this Mat- . ter was confifting of a Subftance like unto a Thread. When I had fpread a little afunder,the mentioned Mat- ter, that I might obferve it with more Attention, than I had yet done before ; 1 faw, that all this Stuff, which Thad judged to be a Thread, was very near altogether of the fame Length, and that one End was fomewhat thicker than the other, and roundifh on the thicker End. ddp; dM | x By thefe accurate Obfervations, and near Confidera- . tions, which I often repeated one after the other,I did af- fure my felf, that this great Number of finall Parts, which I faw there, was each of thema Nerve of an Eye, and that the thick and round End of it had been placed. : in the Hollownefs of theCornea : in fhort,as many Sights as are in the Corzea, {o many there is of Nerves. The Reafon why One End of the Nerves of the Eyes that goeth inwards towards the Head, is thinner, as-I_ have faid before, muft neceffarily be, becaufe the Cornea has a roundifh Bulkinefs, and therefore the Sinews muft be the thinner, the farther they go in; for the room grows lefs than it is, by the Hollownefs of the Cornea, and who doth know whether, that Part where the Op- _ tick Nerves do end, benotthe Brain? which muft be in- — quired after. : : c (173) | I have, to give the more Satisfaction, laid (ome Nerves: of the Eyes, which I had taken out of the beforemen- tioned Fly, upon Glaís, laft Year, and fixed it before the Magnifying Glafs, to have it delineated, as well as the Defigaer could follow it. — Fig. 2. GH, are Two Optick Nerves, H being pla- eed very near, or quite in the Hollownefs of the Sight, —— | ns G was placed inwards, toward the Head of the — Fly. ny foe Fig. 3. IK L, are Seven Optick Nerves, the thickeft "End whereoi was alío placed towards the Cornea. Fig. 4. MNOPQ., fheweda great Number of the Optick Nerves, that lye one upon the other, whereof the upermoft Ends, as NOP, were alfo placed to the Coruea ; and becaufe there lie fo many one upon another, one cannot difcern the true Length of them, and where they lay fomewhat thick, the Light can conveniently be difcerned, for they are fomewhat tranfparent, asis fhew-. ed in the laft named Figure.. | I have formerly fhewed, how every thin part of Flefh;. . er Fifh, when it doth lie in Reít, isfull of Wrinkles, or elfe full of Ringslike Joints, but when they are brought out of Reft, and are employed, the Wrinkles and Rings. - are gone, and the Parts grow longer. - | "Ihefe Ring-like Wrinkles I have alfo obferved or dif- covered in the Optick Nerves of the faid Fly, from. whence we may well conclude, that each of thefe {mall Optick Nerves, areas well provided with Extenfion, as the Nerves of our Eyes; for we cannot move our Eyes — frong one fide to the other, but the Nerves of our Eyes. - muft be more extended than if we fee out Straight. - When: doute (174) - When I had difcerned thefe, I asked the Defigner, Whether he could fee thefe Ring-like Stripes, in the Op- ‘tick Nerves? and when he faid he could fee them clear- ly, FL charged him to follow thefn as much as was Pof- fible, as you may fce in ig. 2. and 3. | Yet if the Fly bad been Dead for fome while, when T had taken out the Nerve of the Sight, I could have obferved none of this Wrinkling; as we daily fee, that the Mufcles of a Fifh that has been dead for a good while, do not contract themfelves when they are cut in Pieces, . which we call Krimping; and in this Cafe, the Parts of the Fifh are not fo hard; nor fo well tafted, as they would have been, if they had been cut before they were quite dead. Having difcovered thefe wonderful Things and Perfe- ctions of the Eye of a Fly, we muft fay again, how lit- tle itis we know, and if this isfoina great Fly, it muft ~ be the fame in a lefs one. : Further, I have fince, a few Days ago, taken out of common Flies Eyes, the Optick Nerves, and have lookt . uponthem feveral times, becaufe I had great Pleafure to fee them in fo neat an Order,and finding them, where d do not lie too clofe together, of the Colour of*Red Lead. ü | I did, when the Defigner was bufy to make the fore- mentioned. Draught, catch a ímall Gnat, of that fort that do not afflict Men, becaufe they are no Blood-Suc- kers, nor have no Sting. ; I cut off the Head of this, to draw out of the Eyes or Sights, the Optick Nerves; but I could not fhew them clear enough before my Eyes, although I did attempt it — — three or four times ; in which Undertaking, J took feve- ral times the Nerves of the Eye, furrounded with a vaft — Number of Veflels, which I was fure to be Veins ; and I E could | (uA ee could not accomplifh to pull thefe Netves out of the Head, without breaking them and the Veins, until at length it did happen, that I did pull them out of the Head of the Gnat, without breaking off either of them, which, put before the Magnifying Glaís, I gave to the Defigner to draw, and that the rather, becaufe a Gentle- man of Quality did tell me, that a certain Perfon, when they came to {peak of my Diffecting, did often object, "That it was impoffible to do what 1 did affirm, becaufe the Inftruments I was to ufe for that purpofe, how {mall foever I could make them, could not be fit to make thefe - . Diffe&ions I did relate: But I donot matter thefe Ob- - je&ors, perhaps it is one of them, that doth wifh he could. do the fame. ! | its | Fig. 5. R. S. T. fheweth the Nerves of the before-. mentioned Gnat, as well as the Defigner could delineate . them, he oftentimes repeating, That it was impoffible - - to delineate all the Veffels he did fee. © I have alío, not only taken out of the Paws of the be- forefaid Gnat, the Flefhy Mufcles, to my full Satisfacti- on, but alfo the Two Pullers that are between each Joint * of the Paw, whereof one doth extend, and the other contra& the Joints; and this isno Labour for me. But I. conclude and remain, Delft, May 9. HH RN | deo s: LOO hs, Gc... Wl Pari ( 176 ) IIl. Part of a Letter, from Mr. Stephen Gray, about a Way of Meafuring tbe Heighth of the Mercury in the Barometer more exacily. CYINCE I faw Mr. Derbam’s Centrivance for mea- - KJ furing the Minute Variations of the Mercury in the Barometer, I have had fome Thoughts on that Subject : I efteemed the Way he mentions (Num. 237. of your - Philefophical Tranfactions) with a toothed Ruler and Cir- ‘cle on the Weather-Plate, very ingenious; yet I concei- ved 'twould be more accurate, if there were added fomewhat to affit the Eye in fetting the Index to the Surface of the Mercury. ‘This put me upon thinking - how to adapt a Microfcope to the Barometer, and tho" I could nor, prefently, propofe to my felf the moft con- venient way to effe&t it; yet upon re-afluming thefe Thoughts, i overcame the Difficulty, as you will find by the DeícriptionT herein give ofa double Microfcope, farnifhed with a Micrometer ; by which the Mercury's Variations may be obíerved tothe Thoufandth Part of an Inch, | A(Fiz.6.)A long fquare Table towards one End is erected a Íquare Column, BB. Upon which there flides a fquare . Socket. C, From one Side whereof proceeds a crooked Arm, DE. At D there isa Screw-Hole to receive the _ Screw, and at E a Ring to fupport the Tube of the Mi- croícope, F. From the other Side the Socket, comesa Short Arm G, having a Screw Hole to receive the long Scréw 11, whofe length may be about Sixor SevenIn-. ches: its lower End, bya {mall Hole in its Center, refts on the End of a fmall Screw, that comes through the Screw-Hole, in the Arm H ; which is fixed on the back Side of the Column ; the upper End of the Screw is filed | | e | lefs E 3 (915) - Jefs than the Body of the Screw, isid goes through the ‘Center of the Round Plate without fhaking; and to pre- vent its doing (o, either upwards or downwards, there _ is added a fpringing Plate N, which keeps the Shoulder of the Screw clofe to the under fide of the Plate K ; over this Plate there goes an Index O, and over that an HandleL, upon the End of the Screw: which comes through theCen- ter ‘of the Plate, which I fhould before have told you, | is riveted to the Top of the Column BB. The Teeth of the Screw muft be of that Size, as to have juft Ten in I - an Inchi The fore fide of the Column muit be divided into Inches ‘and Tenths, beginning about the Height of the Socket H, where the lower end of the Screw refts, and- fo continue to the Top'of the Column. The Limb cf © the Round Plate muft be divided into an Hundred Parts. In the Focus of the Eye-Glafs of the Microfcope is fixed an Hair, or very fine Silver Wire, in a qui issus Pofition. I come now to fhew the Ufe of the etirsguedt com- bined with the Barometer, in which I fhallbe very brief, its Ufe being eafily apprehe nded by the Defcription. _. .Takechoid of the Handle, and, looking through the Microfeope; turn the: Screw,’ till, you have brought the Hair tete ouch, as it were, the: Surface of the Mercury. M; then oblerve what Divifions are cut on the Column, by the upper ‘or under. Edge of the Socket, ‘which are Tenths of an Inch. See likewi(e to what Pacts the In- 4. dex points on the Limb of ‘the Round Plate, which gre - Hundreds of a "Tenth, or Thouland Parts of : an Inth ; . When yóu perceive the Mereary" varied, raife or ‘deprels tlie. Mierofcope; till the Hair be brought. to its Surface, às before ; then by fubftradting t the Ietfer from the gréat- - er of the Two obferved Numbers; you wit have, the Va- pee in ! faches and ecd Pur. guy DO - Heli HS ‘fi. zis [2 eO Se ee : ‘This ( 178 ) | This Inftrument becomes a Micrometer on the fame — Principles, tho’ I was obliged to alter its Stru&ure from that ufed with the Telefcope, which was firft invented by Mr.Gafcoigx, improved by Mr. Zownly, and defcribed by Dr. Hook, as appears by Numb. 25. and 29. of Mr. Oldenburg’s Philofophical Tranfactions ; to which De- fcription, it 1 did not acknowledge my felf beholden, were to do great Injuftice to the Authors of that excel- lent Invention. The Thermometer is capable of the like Improve- ment, but then the Screw of the Micrometer muft be much longer, aod the Microfcope will require a longer Tube, to the End the Body of the Obferver be not tao near the Thermometer, and by its warm Effluvia deceive his Judgment in the Air’s Temperature. 3 sr Canterbury, May 2. 169 8. IV. Part of a Letter from Dr. William Muf- - grave, Fellow of the College of Phyfictans, and KR. S. to Dr. Sloane, concerning the Caufe of the Neceffity of Breathing. — M7 OU know, how difficult it has been thought, to account for the principal Ufe of Refpiration : Nothing is more evident, than that breathing is, from — the very Moment of our Birth, perpetually neceflary to Life; yet nothing more in the Dark, than the true — Caufe and Reafon of that Neceffity. . : | Dr. Zbruffon. aflerts the chief Ufe of .Refpiration, to confit, in maintaining a due Motion of the Blood. (179) Offcium tLud ( Refpirationis praecipuam] Nos in eo maxi- mé pofitum arbitramur, quod Sanguinis Motui inferviat, eum; tueatur. pag. 6. Edit. Lond. 1670, And, to make out his Affertion, he urges (among other Arguments of lefs note) That this Opinion, eafi- ly explains, the Manner of Sudden Death, by Strangling ; by drowning; and by. violent Catarrhs; fuppofing Death, and the Stagnation of the Blood in the Lungs, Right Ventricle of the Heart, 9c. to arife, in all thefe Cafes, from the Stoppage of the Breath. Etmuller embraces the fame Opinion; and, in De- fence of. it, alledges the fame Argument: Indeed they both depend on it, as highly probable and convincing. Tho’, I think, the Opinion is very Rational; 1 can- not (ay it appears fuch, from the Argument now pro- ducd; which, upon Examination, will be found too li- able and obnoxious to bear fo great a Proportion of the Proof. - | . By Dr. Z/raflo»'s own Concefiion, ( pag. 173.) Men that are Hang'd, may, with good Reafon, be fuppofed to die; partly, from the mutual Commerce between the Head and Heart, being now intercepted. Theremarka- ble Lividnefs of their Faces, with the extraordinary Di- ftention of the Jugulars, in their feveral Branches above _ the Ligature, argue, they die, in a great Meaíure, Ape- — pledical. . T a | 50 Now, whatever fharethe Interruption of this mutu- al Commerce has, in killing the Man; fo much the lefs Reafon have we to impute his Death, and the Stagnati- on of Blood in his Lungs, &c.. to the Stoppage of his: | * “Nor is the Second Cafe (tliat of Sudden Death by _ Drowning) without Exception: For here, the Water . rufhing, after an unufual Manner, into the Lungs, may 1 vl Do ah oh eo ( 180) be fufpected (o to affe& them, “as to occafion Death, tho’ not by ftopping thé Circulation: * | And, as to Suffocation’ from ‘a Catarrh, inftatices of this Kind, with Anatomical Obfervations on them; have . not (to me at leaft) occur'd, fufficient to prove, what was intended by this Argument. | Wherefore, that.a- Noble Propofition may not want’ Evidence, and that the Opinion, my Learned Country- man has foingenioufly defended, may for ever obtain, I pitcht on the following Experiment as Luciferous, and, I hope it will appear decifive of the Matter. I took a large, middle-aged, healthy Dog ; and, ba- ving freed the Trachea from the adjacent Parts, cut it off juft beneath the Pomam Adami, and turn'd the loofe End outward. : After fome time’ allowed him to recover the prefent Concern ; with a Cork, got ready on purpofe, I ftopt up the 7; rachén, binding. it clofe to the Stopple, Some few, but violent Struggles fucceeded ; in which the Sternum was raifed, ^as in the deepeft fa (piration ; and thus he died: From the Stoppage of his Breath, to. the laft Motion I could difcern in any Part of his Body, was, froma Watch, obferved to be the Space of Two Minutes. I thea immediately threw open’ the Thorax ; ' where I (aw the Blood Stagnating iri'the Lungs ; ‘the ir. teria. Pulmonaris, the Righe Ventricle of the: Heart, with’ its appending Auricle, and the Two great Trunks of the* Cava, diftended with Blood, to a Degrée exceffive : The Vena Pulmonaris, Left Auticle: and Ventricle of the Heart; in:à Manner Empty ; ; not containing (as near as r can gueís) more than One Spoonful’ of "Blood. © io This Experiment proves, That the Refpiritiod usd motes the Paflage of the Blood thro’ the Lungs } ind that in Bodies full of ' vigorous 1 Blood; dt IS e on a this Ac count of perpetual coats guum] This — ————— € ( 181) This Acceleration of ‘the Blood in: that Paffage, feems to be the principal ufe-of' Refpiration #°no other is of ' fuch Confequence. to. o: Life; or Weis | in Y Competition vitri mE hoy | Bi (dom. 8: ertioTd ave Ha do norn6050 1 v. [^N alieiun of vin happened o on. "Syringing "pari Water into tbe Thorax-of a Bitch. By. Dr, William Mulgrave, Fellow of the id digo f Phyf ciansyand RS. ‘EQ N v, huifday;: the 2 rft of Fune, 1683. : Y. dedo iv: of warm Waterinto the Right Sideof aGrey-. houdd Bitch ;': which. caüfed: a: great: Rigout/ (eípecially: in the Hinder Parts) a Sfiortnefs of Breath ; a Heat, or burning in the Flefh ;. fhe looked heavy, was unwilling to rife;or ftand long on:her Feet ; thofe Symptoms wore . off by Degress,. fa thatana! Weeks time the appeared as: welliaseverioinv (i220 is 20163 | On theiadiof-Faly: Soffa ie (thai is ii rs Days aep theoformer Experiment) 1 inje&ed 3xvj.of warm Wa-. ter into the Left Side of the. Fhoraxiof the fame Grey-- hound,'aftes which. fhe avascextreamly | hot; and fhort.; Breath d; iT felts a- violent «threbbing in»Her- Heari;: 'but- thé Rigour:wasino fo greatias iri the firft Experiment ; T : fhe-recovered this:al(o in:the»Space of a: Week: «About tlie Esth ditto; Vinje&ed tiff of: Warm Water 3 ite ione!Side! lof the‘ Thorax, and: ib. into the other Side: of- the fame ;Bitch!;:the Syinptoms: attending it were: E. — Experiments) a! burning, in: the Flefh; : Lus and: ( 182.) anda fhortaefs of Breath ;. they all went off, and in Five Days time fhe feemed perfe&tly recovered. | has been injected into the middle Venter of the fame Greyhound, within the Space of One Month, and if we may be allowed to judge of the Recovery, by.a per- fect Ceffation of all Symptoms, as to outward. Appear- ance, we muft then grant, that this Water was carried off thence, in. the-time,-. but to give-an- Account. which way it was difcharged ( whether by Expiration, Per- {piration, Siege or Urine) feenis. very difficult, and is; beyond my. Anatomy to explain ; only thus much I muft fay, as to the latter ; that having ordered the Grey- hound to be tied away, after One of the Two laft Ex- periments, within Two or Three Days, I obferved the Boards of the Floor where fhe lay, to be very wet, which I then imagined to be the Effects of the Inje&tioa, come off by Urine; it I; may have leave to give a Cone’ je&ure in a Matter of. fo:;much Uncertainty, it fhall be this ; that as, Nature has furnifhed us: with Veflels to bring off that Humour which is thrown into the Ventri- . cles of the Brain; which by tarrying there would.prove fatal to. us, fo likewife: (poffibly) there may: be forie. . Duélus yet unknown (to me at leaft) which: belonging to the Thorax, may convey off thence what Liquor arifes, either from the Condenfation of Vapours, or from the Rupture of Lymphatics, or any other way, in the Cavity: mediately,: or immediately, into the: Blood ; certainly thefe Experiments, as alío the. many Hiftories: of Empyema’s, and Dropfies- of the Breaít, menti- oned by Phyficians, as cured by large Evacuations by Urine, do (infome meafure ) argue the Poffibility of this thing ; but whether in reality there beany fuch Paffage; or no, may in a little time'be rendred leís queftionable, than now it is, upon the Tryal of fuch Anatomical Ex-- Thus we,fee- a Quantity of tbij. 7. of warm Water, periments, | (283) T periments, as feem to promife a full Decifion in this MI. Some Obfervations concerning the Subflance commonly called, Black-Lead, by. the late . Dr. Rob. Plot, F. R. S. C. HE Mineral Subftance, called, Black Lead (our ! . common Lead being the true Black Lead, and fo called, in Oppofition to Tin, which is the White Lead) found only at Kefwick in Cumberland, and there called, Wadt, or Kelew; by Dr. Merret, Nigrica Fabrilis, from its ufe in Scoring, as the Rubrica Fabrilis, or the Red Ochre is; is certainly fo far from having any thing of Mettal in it, that it has nothing of Fufion, much lefs. Dudctility ; nor can it be reckoned amongft the Stones, for want of Hardnefs ; it remains therefore that it muft have Place amongft the Earths, tho" it di(lolve not in Water, as moft Earths will, except ftiff Clays, and. Ochres; among the latter whereof I guefs it may be reckoned, it {eeming to be a fort of clofe Earth, of ve- ry fine and loofe Parts, fo burnt that it is become Black and Shining, difcolouring the Hands, as all the Ochres. do; whence the moft Proper Name that can be given. — it, perhaps, may be Ochra Nigra, or Black Ochre, be- ing a Stony Sort, as there are Stony. Sort of the Red: and Yellow Ochres, as well as Clay. d WI, Aw: (184) VII. y^ diti of one Edmund Mellon, Born at Port Leicefter, iz. Ireland, whewas T an extraordinary Size. Communicated by " Dr. William Mufgrave, Fellow of the Col. | ip of Phyfi cians, and R. bi | ^H E Meatures of e of the bas pe an irifh files fhewn at Oxford, was communicated to me by ‘Dr. Plot, lie was Seven Foot Six Inches high, his Finger . Six Inches Three Fourths long, the Length of his Span 'FourteenIaches, of-hisCubit Two Foot Two Inches, cof :bis Arm Three: Foót Ywo'Incliés and.an Hilf; from the ‘Shoulder to:the Crown ‘of. his Head Eleven and Three . Fourths;; his: Name Edmund Mefoon, he was Aged Nineteen Years, Anno. and Born at Port Leicefter in ean im Ireland. ! i1 nz2 som zie. "Cirhg£rfm- 4 Foris t3 1716 » ary aim i 26 Aw A. - nm id Ay Ot? E ^ POE: es ' : VII 9 2 en ar^ ibi 2 Diff ion of 4 Dig sae that had Mercury. injetled into one. of.t tbe d^ | inall ena By. Dr. Chrftoph. Pitt. OCA Smit nn Im HE Moran was: chested cy of. iim Blood. into A. (the Cavity. of .the'^Abdomen, as: likewifes fome Appearance. of it in the other, Cavities of the. Body. »- All the Glandules. were very turgid, and. füll of Li- quor, efpecially in the Ventricles of the Pind and all round there was a great Quantity of Serum. This may be called a true ZZyaroecepbalos.. It being a chance Dog, and having no Notice of what had been done on him, 1 could not fo well obferve whe- - ther it would work on him by Saiivation, whether it made ( 185) made him duller than ordinary, or how long the Quick Silver had been in his Body. —À M mee nr — —À— À x . A Letter of Dr. John bores of ? May TA. | T HAN to Sir John Ble ? (ei wh llis 5 | Ma Be Julii of the Crh of Contd Fleas concerning the Obferasti on of Eaf a d. this |o prefent Year, on April 24. 1693. Sir, Oxford, May 14- 1698. E Aníwer to yours of May 12. (which 1 received this Morning ) you may pleaíeto prefent my humbie Du- ty and Service to the Lord Chief Juftice Z7o/z, witn this Account of the Seat ef. Eaffer, of which he asketh. | (C "That there may be fome little Miftakes in the Calen. | dar of the Common-Prayer Book (as now Printed) I fhall not deny: But (as to the prefent Point) Zaffer was nantes this Year, according to the Rules, fo underfiood as was intended, though there may feem to be wanting a Rubrick to make it plain. The fundamental Rule of the Nicene Council (which we pretend to follow) for the keeping of Eaffer, is to this purpofe: EBafler-Day is to be that Sunday which falls upon, or, next after, the firit Full Moon which happens next after _ the Vernal Equinox. . Which Vernal Equinox was then obferved to fall on the One and' Twentieth of March: And (in the Pafchal Tables) is yet reputed fo to fall ; (though it do now fall onthe Eleventh of March, or {ometimes the Tenth of | March?) ns ndis a ee — Ex e And (186 ) + And therefore inftead of next after the Vernal Equi- nox, we fay, next after the One and Twentieth of March. But then it is faid (by a Miftake, I fuppofe) after the - Firft Full Moon, inftead of upon, or next after the Firft Full Moon, (for fo it is co be unde:ftood) and added, And if the Full Moon happens upon a Sunday, Eafter-day zs the Sunday after. Which muft-needs be a Miftake. For, in fuch Cafe, it is to be that Sunday, not the Sun- day after. et. And fo the Tables agree (contrary to this Note) both that For Forty Tears, and that To find Eaffer for Ever. And fo it was obferved in the Years 1668, 1678, and 1682. . And fo whenever the Cafe happens, that the Ec- clefiaftical Full Moon falls on a Sunday. But this(though it be a Miftake) doth not influence the prefent Cafe. That which concerns the prefent Cafe, is, On what de we muft reckon the Ecc/efraffical Full. Moon to fall. For we are not to judge, either the Eguinox, or the Full Moon, according as they happen in the Heavens, or in our Almanacks ; but according to the Paíchal Tables, fitted to the time of the Nicene Council. And accordingly, we reckon the Equinox to be now: - | — (as.then it was) on March 21. And as to the Full. Moon (next after that Equinox) we are to Account it thus : The Golden Number (fitted tothe Cycle of Nineteen — Years; after the End of which it begins again, at 1, 2,: 3, Gc.) is placed in the firft Column of our Calendar, to tell us, on what Day (of fuch Year) the New Moon | j is fuppofed to happen, in each Month; and the Fifteenth | Day of that Moon is reputed the Full Moon. * 2 : 3 P s s - : | ( 187 ) | | Now the Golden Number, for the Year 1698, is8. (That is, this is the Eighth Year of fuch Decem-novenal Cycle, or Circle of Nineteen Years; commonly called Cyclus Lunaris, or the Circle of the Moon; as the other Circle of Twenty Eight Years, iscalled, Cyc/us Solaris, A tor of the Sun, or rather of the Sunday-Le:- ter. | | | And this Number 8 ftands in the Calendar at Mar, . 6. which we muft therefore /uppofe to be New Moon: . (Though the New Moon were indeed Mar. 2. Like as it happens conftantly in this Age, that the true New Moon _ 1s Four or Five Days fooner than the reputed Eccle(ia(ti- | cal New Moon.) ! | . Now Mar. 6. being the New Moon, or Firft Day of the (reputed) Lunar Month (for fuch Year) Mar. 20. — will be the 15th Day, or the (reputed) Full Moon for the Month of March this Year. hina __.. Which happens, this Year, to be Sanday ; (the Domi- nical Letter, for this Year, being B.) __,/But this happening before March 21. ( the fuppofed _ Equinox) cannot be the Pafchal Full Moon ; but we muft i. wait for another. "e | 4. . And we fhall then find the Golden Number 8, ftand- | ing atApr. 5. for the New Moon of 4pril, the fame ES Xxear af | And therefore the Full Moon, or 15th Day of that (reputed) Lunar Month, is to be 4pr. 19. (But the true Full Moon was Apr. 15. about Six a Clock in tue ^| Morning.) | | RN | — «Which (Apr. 19.) being Zuefday, the Sunday next fol- | lowing is 4pr.24. (where ftands B, the Sunday Letter for | this Year) which is therefore to be Eafter-day, accor- | ding to the intent of thefe Tables. And it was obferved _ accordingly. Ee2 v But ( 188) cd But it were to be wifhed, there had been fomewhere a Rubrick, to direct how we are to find this (reputed) Full Moon ; and, what is the Ufe of the Golden Num- - ber. "The Difference of the Ecclefiaftick Accouat, in the Pa(chal Tables, from that of the Heavens, doth arife from hence; Becaufe thofe Tables, when firft made, were fitted, not tothis Age, but to that of the Nicene Council; and did, at that time, agree very near with . that of the Heavens: But, in this Age, they do confi-- derably differ, (both as to the Eguinox, and as, to the. Full Moons) for thefe Two Reafons : | LI. The common Julian Year (by which we reckon) of 365 Days and 6 Hours, is (omewhat too. long ; 'be- ing about 11 Minutes of an Hour longer than the true Solar Yea, 2°" 6 "T E | | By reaíon whereof, the Equinox (and other Annual Seafons) go backwards about 1x Minutes, every Year: Which, from the Time of the Nicene Council, till now, amounts to about rx Days. So that the Equinox which then happened Mar. 2.1. : is now come back to our Mar. 11. or rather Mar. xo. Which, upon Pope Gregerys reforming the Roman Calendar (above 100 Yearsfince) caufeth the Difference of 10 Days, between what we call the New Szé/e and the . Old Stile, Which (Two Years. hence) in, the. Year: 1700 (and thenceforth for 100 Years) will be 11 Dàys | If. It was then {uppofed, that in 19. Years (which is | the Compafs of the Golden Number). the Lunations (of New Moon and Full Moon) did return tothe fame Day and Hour, as they were rg Years before, | ~ Which — ; : (189) | Which is pretty near the Truth, but comes (hort by about an Hour and half. Which Hour and Half, in every 19 Years, doth fince that Time, amount to about 4 or ; Days. _ hs Whence it comes to país, that the reputed Full Moon is later, by 4 or 5 Davs, than that of the Heavens. . . But our Zaffer, is reckoned according tr the «par^ ‘Full Moons (derived from the &-14-.. number) Mot ace . cording to thofeof the Heavens. : : "Tis true, shat 1n fome Places of our Calendar (as commonly printed) the Golden Numbersare mis-placed, or mis-wrirten. But it happens fo luckily, that. in all thofe wherein Zaffer is concerned (that is, from Mar. 6. to Apr. 5. inclufively) they be rightly placed. And as to any other New Moons, if there miftakes, we are therein leís concerned.. ; be any - ee | (02 CUERO » QT Method of extracting the Root of an In- finite Equation, By A. De Moivre, F.R.S. jos eres i M CE B ames ez? -dzi-entd- fmt, Oc. — g) Shy tip kf Yt oy, Orc. then will soem £ =| pana > ft, 3 1 2bAB— cA? | a? ^ d—2bAB— c po | k—bBB—2bAC— 3c AAB—4A* | "a WORT ua inr] DESNUDA T ] — 2bBC — 2b4D — 3c ABB — 3cA AC — gd A?B—eA’ ge pu ecd, 4 me 2bBD — VCC — abAE — cB 6cABC — 3cAAD .— édAABB — MAC — uh Bf ol dup CLE an ;? T» For the underftanding of this Series, and in order to con- tinue it asfar as we pleafe; itis to be obferved, 1. That eve- ry Capital Letter is equal to the Coefficient of each preceding Term ; thus the Letter B is equal to the Coefficient Lune 2. That the Denominator of each Coefficient is always a. 3. That the firft Member of each Numerator, is always a Co- efficient of the Series g y -]- byy -|- i, Orc. viz. the Firft Nu- merator begins with the firftCoefficient g,the Second Numera- tor with the Second Co-efficient band (o on. 4. T hat in every Member after the Firft,the Sum of che Exponents of theCapi- tal Letters, is always equal to the Index of che Power to which this Member belongs : Thus confidering the Coefficient ua MSS ene MEME 4 E cee AE Lo Ru] which belongs to the Power y*, we fhall fee that in every Member 628, 2bAC 3CAAB, dA’, theSum of the Exponents of the Capital Let- ters is 4, (where I muft take notice, that by the Exponent of ; | d x f E i j 1 EN - have this Problem to folve ; viz. The Chord of an Are be-. (191) a Letter; I mean the Number which expreffes what Place it has in the Alphabet; thus 4 is the Exponent of the Letter D) hence I derive this Rule for finding the Capital Letters of all the Members that belong to any Power 5 Combine the Capital Letters as ofren as you can make the Sum of their Exponents Equal to tbe Index of the Power to which they belong. 5. What the Ex- ponents ofthe fmall Letters,which are written before theCa- pitals, exprefs how many Capitals there is in each Member, 6. That the Numerical Figures or Uzciz that occur in thefe Members, exprefs che Number of Permutations which the Capital Letters of every Member are capable of. - For the Demonftration of this ; fuppofe z— Ay-- Byy-+- Cy?-|- Dy, rc. Subftitute this Series in the room of z, . and the Powers of this Series, in che room of the Powers of z; there will arife a new Series; then take the Co-efficients which belong to the feveral Powers of 7, in this new Series, and make them equal to the correfponding Co-efficients of the Series gy -]- 5byy - i, exc. and che Co-efficients 7, B, C, D, cc. will be found füch as I have determined them. Buc if any one defires to be fatisfied, that the Law by which the Co-efficients are form'd, will always hold, Pil defire ’em to have recourfe to the Theorem I have given for raifing an infinite Series to any Power, or extracting any Root of the fame; for if they make ufe of it, for taking fucceffively the. Powers of Ay -]- Byy + Cp, Ove. they will fee chat it muft of neceffity be fo. I might have made the Theorem I give here, much more general than it is; for I might have fup- os d, | | 1 ante ba xU vu gl b" iy’ See. then all the Powers of the Series st Byy + Cf, Gre. defign’d by the univerfal Indices, mutt have been taken fucceflively ; but thofe who will pleafe to try this, my eafily do it, by means of the Theorem for raifing an infinite Series to any Power, &c. | | | | his Theorem may be applied to what is called the Rever- - - fion of Series, füch asfinding the Number from its Logarithm . given; the Sine from the Arc; the Ordinate of an Ellipfe. - from an Area given to be cut from any. Point in the Axis: But to make a particular Application of ic, Pll fappofe we- ing: eis C192) | ing given, to find the Chord of another Arc, that fhail be to the firft as & to 1... Let y bethe Chord given, z the Chord required 5; now the Arc belonging to the Chord y is, DA quer cuo | : ex cem c 4o d- Tbe Oe and the Arc belonging ~} E s à % ; 22; E: $ x, 7 to the Chord z is z 4- 64d - m T nz; Oe the firlt of thefe Arcs is co thefecond as x tom 5 therefore multiply- ing the Extrearas and Means together, we fhall have this Equation : qi. SAK ge dlogqul yx a 0 57^. 4, 27. jr * 6dd ix 40d! + 112d° Oe = ") 6 dd T 404" ber | zn I124/ Oren. Compare thefe Two Series with the Two Series of the Theorem, and you will find a= 1, b= 0, «= s d= o6, 3 : At^ n TRO FRE 05 scopo) o ay da edi k= o, sae ina? l= I mo, Gc. hence x willbe = »y.-]- 777 73 ove. or nyt d yA, &c- Suppofing A to denote the whole preceding Term, which will be the fame Series as Mr. Newton has firft found. By the fame Method, this general Problem may be folv'd; che Ábfcifle correfponding to a certain Area in any Curve be- ing given, to find the Abícifle, whofe correfponding Area - fhali be to the firft in. a given Ratio... The Logarithmic Series might alfo be found without bor- rowing'any other Idea, «han that Logarithms are the Indices of Powers: Let the Number, whofe Logarithm we inquire,’ be x-+ z, füppofe its Log. to be azt+ bzz-l- c^, &c. ^ Let - there be another Number 1-- ys thereof its Logarithm will be ay+ by oy, Ge. Now if 1-- 2, —— hl, it follows, that az-l- baz cx? Ke, ey- byy -- ey, Cee tam, r. that is, ez -]- bz 2x3, Ore. = nay + nibyy -1- mp, Orc, | : Therfore that is 2 = 9 4 Zw | 19 Therefore we may find aValue of z expreft by the Powers of | Veg Yi azain, fince S Ire = aat FPR tap 1 H—=I 5—2 J E TORUM es ee. Therefore x is aise aeta by = Powers of y. Compare thefe Two Values togecher, and the Coefficients a, b, c, &c. willbe determin’d, except the firft 2 which may - be taken at Ple afure, and gives accordingly, all the different Species of Logarithms. XL An Account of the Appearance of an ex- traordinary Iris feea at Chefter, iz Angult laft, by E. Halley. Or the Sixth Day of Augen laft, in Pd Evening, between Six and Seven of the Clock, I went to take the Air upon the Walls of Cheffer, when I was fur- prized by a fudden Shower, which forced me to take Shelter in a Nich that afforded mea Seat ia the Wall, near the North Eaft Corner thereof. As I fat there, I . obferved an Jrs, exceedingly vivid, as to its Colours, at firft on the South Side only, but in a little Time with an entire Arch; and íoon after, the Beams of the Sun | being very ftrong,there appeared a fecondary Zris,whofe Colours were mo:e than ordinary Bright ; but inverted, as. ufually : that is, the Red was inwards, which in the gen Tris is outward, and ¢ coxtra for the Blues. But what I took moft Notice of was, that with thefe Two concentrick Arches, there appeared a Third Arch, near upon as bright as the Secondary Jrs, but coloured in the Order of the Primary, which took its Rife from the retis of the Horizon and Primary Zr, and went Ff crofs | (. 194 ) : erofs the Space between the Two, and interfeéted the . Secondary, as in the Figure A FCG. interfects the Se- condary Iris EFGD, dividing the Arch ED into Three equal Parts, as near as T could then “guefs: but at firft the Arch AF did not appear, which afterwards became as bright as the former. | obferved the Points Fand G to arifeand the Arch FG gradually to contract,tillat length the Two Arches FHG, and FG became co-incident ; when for a great Space, the Secondary Jru loft its Co- lours, and appeared like a White Arch at the Top. I _ obferved alío, that at the Points F and G, the Inter- fe&tion of the Interior Red of the fecondary /ris, and the exterior Red of the Arch, was much more intenfely Red than the outward Limb of the Primary Zrzs; and that during the whole Appearance, the upper Part of the third /rzs was not at all vifible, beyond the Interfe- &ions, P, G. This uncommon Sight entertained me for. about Twenty Minutes, when the Clouds blowing away, * the whole Vanifhed. | I was at firft amazed with the Sight, but afterwards, recolle&ting that the Sun fhone along the River. Dee, which from thence empties it felf into the W.N.W. where the Sun then was, I concluded, this Secondary Arch, AFEGC, was produced by the - Beams of the Sun reflected from that Water, which at that time was very Calm ; and it had been much more Bright had it been at that time about High, as it was Low Water, when all the Sands were bare. I was foon confirmed that my Suppofition was Right, and that it anfwered all the Appearance without any Scruple, and: that the Arch APHGC , was no other than that part of — the Circle of the Zrs, that would have been. under the Earth, bent upwards by Reflection; of which no more ~ eed to be faid. I remember not to have read of any fuch Zris, in any Author I have hitherto met with, and though Des Cartes, in his Meteors, pag. 225. of the — | | | Amfterdam : s $7 E Amfterdam Edition, {peaks of an inverted Jris by Re: flection, I query whether ever any fuch has been really obferved, at leaft it ought rather to appear a whole Cir. cle, than a piece thereot: nor is it poffible to be feen,as . . he defcribes it, when the Sun is lefs than Five and Forty Degrees high; in which Cafe, the Shade of the Cloud #ut of which the Rain falls, would be very apt to inter- cept the Beams of the Sun: and till fome authen- tick Relation fhall fhew in what Circumflances it hath been effected, I muft beg pardon if I {till doubt the Ap- pearance of any fuch Phenomenon. On this Occafion, I can’t forbear relating another Ap- “pearance I faw in London Streets on the r1th of March, inthe Year 1696. It rained pretty thick a {mall Rain, and the Sun, about Two of the Clock, fhone dire@ly down Abchurch-Lane, as I was pafling along it with my . Back to: him, when I perceived the Arch of the prima- ' ry Rain-Bow in the Drops of Rain {panning the Street like an Arch of a Building, under which I was to pafs; the Crown whereof was not much higher than my . Head, and the diameter thereof fcarce fo. wide as the Street, which is. but 5 Yards; and it moved along with me as faft as I went ; the Colours being very vivid and diftinct, though the Arch it felf appeared but narrow, and the Houfes were every where behind it. This, tho’ very uncommon, will not appear ftrange to thofe that -have. well confidered the Nature of the /rzs; but the ‘Ancients who believed Jris the Meflenger of the Gods, ‘would have been apt to have thought fhe had (ome pe- culiar Meflage, when fhe placed her felf fo near me, as to be almoft within reach: . | underftood her to invite me to inquire further into the Nature of her Production, Res Ak ats vilusiiiE $55 | and &.. | | (196) — : and accordingly, ‘taking her under my Confideration, I had all the Succefs 1 could with for, which perhaps may not be unacceptable to the Curious, if I publith ia one of the next Tranfactions. XII, Account of Books. 3 1. Voyages and Difcoveries im South America : The Fir/? up the River of Amazons to Quito is Peru, and back again to Brezil, performed at tbe Command of the King of Spain, dy Chriftopher D'Acugna. 7/e Second, up the River of. Plate, and tbénce by Land tothe Mines of Potofi, 4y M; Acarete. The Third, fromCayenne in- _ to Guiana, in fearcb of the Lake of Parima, reputed the richeft Place in theWorld, by M. Grillet, and Be- chamel. Done into Englifh from the Originals, being the only Accounts of tbofe Parts hitherto extant, with | »Waps. : London, ‘Printed: for Sam. Buckly, at the » Dolphin z#Fleet-Sercet. | Tu oD Acugna, begins with a fhort- Account of & fome remarkable Attempts that had been made un- fuccesfully at feveral timesby the Spaviards, to difcover the River of Amazons ; and then proceds to the perfec "Difcovery^of it, by Don Pedro de Texeira, who in the Year 1637. fet ourfrom Parain Brazil, with 7o Por- tug£fe;and 1200 Indians in 47 Cancos; and pafling; up the River with much difficulty, got to Quito in Peru: - y: The c © $9q): ‘The News ‘whereof being fent to the Viceroy of Pera refiding at Lima, he ordered General Texezra to return to Para by the fame way he came, and Twoable Spz- niards (of which our Author was ene) to embark with him, to takean Account of the Courfe cf the River, and the Country end People along it: and then to go to Spain to acquaint his Catholick Majetty with their Difcoveries. | Accordingly they left Quizoin Tau. 1639. and were Ten Months going down the River to Para. From thence F.C. D’ Acugua went to Spain, and pre. fented the King his Matter with an ample Account of | "what he had obferv’d upon this great River, which was publifhed at Madrid, 1641. but within a Year atter, the Portuguefe making themíelves Matters of all 8ra//, and confequently of the Mouth of the Amazons, it was judg'd neceflary to fupprefs the faid Book, both in Spaiz and America, for the following Reafon ; the frequent facking - of their Towns, and feizing of their Ships by the Eng- lifb, french, and Dutch, put Philip the Third vpon fearching out new Ways of Tran{porting the Treafures of Peru, Chili, and Granada, into Spain; to which End (the Coafts about, and in the.Gulf of. 7fexico, being as wéll known as thofe in Europe) orders were difpatch'd from the Court at Madrid to the Governors ci Brazil ‘and Pera, to attempt the Navigation of the great River - . of Amazons, that if it were found pra&ticable, the Gold, Silver, and other Merchandizes of Pera, and the adjacent “Countries might be fafely and commodioufly (ent down “to Para, to be put on board the Galleons, which would. die lefs expos’d there, than at Cartagena, Porto Belo, or "Fera Cruz, the Soundings of the Mouth of that River _ "being unknown, and dangerous to Strangers. Nowthe “ols of Brazil fpoiling this Projet, and no further Ule — "being to be made of the Difcovery by the Spaniards they weré not willing any other People fhould beth € ct | | or (198) . | 1 for it, and hence the Copy ot this Book became fo {carce that Mr. Gomber Ville fays, there was not above Two in Europe, when he tranflated it into French, the Intro- duction to our Englifh Verfion informs us, what Propo- pofals were made by the Count de Pagan to Cardinal Mazariue, in 1655. for Conquering and Planting this great River, but he, being involv'd in Domeftick Trou- bles, was not at leifure to undertake it; nor has it been attempted fince, by any Europeans. By the Account .which Father D’ Acugna gives of this River, it takes its Rife Eight Leagues trom Quito, within Twenty Minutes -of the Equinoctial Line, runs from Eaft to Weft, coaft- ing along the South Side of the Equinoctial Line, and . is not diftant from it, above Five Degrees, in the great. eft of its Windings ; the narroweft part of it isa Quar- ter of a League broad, in fome Places it is One, in others "Two, Three, and Four Leagues wide ; and after a Courfe of above 1200 Leagues, diícharges it felf into the Sea, by a Mouth 84 Leagues broad, and is fo deep, that a Ship of the largeft Size may go up almoft to its Source. Not to defcend to particulars, he tells us in general, that the Country is Rich and Fertile, abounding in Corn, Wood, and Cattle, not without Mines of Gold; the In. habitants numerous, handfom and ingenious, but diffe- rent in their Language and Government. He has like- wife taken Care to mark the Diftances of Places all along. the River, and what is peculiarly remarkable in each, either of the Inhabitants or Products of the Earth. Ina Word, he has fhewn himíelf perfectly qualified for the Bufinefs he was fent upon, which requir’d no lefs Since- - ‘ity than Accuracy and Judgment, and has given us.a very entertaining Defcription of the nobleft River inthe | ..-. World, and the: richeft Tract of Land in all America - The Two other Voyages in this Book, were jadg'd pro- per to accompany this, as defcribing Two other Large UR | Parts — ^ 34 ( 199 ) Parts of America, whereof till now, we had but imper- fe&& Accounts. of, her's . 2. Traite du Cancer, ou l'on explique fa nature, CO on l'on propofe les moyens les plus furs pour le guerir Metbodique- ment. Avec un examen du fyfleme (9 de la pratique de * MrHelvetius. Par Mr, J. B. Alliot, CorfeiZer du Roy, Medecin ordinaire de fa Majefle, © de. la Battille, Paris, 1698. in 8vo. ‘HE Father of the Author of this Treatife, Pe. irus Alliot, who lived in Lorrain, and was Phy- fitian to the Dukes of that Name ia that Country, had. made a particular inquiry into the Nature and Cure of - Cancers and Cancerous Tumours. The King of France hearing of his Reputation at the Time when the Queen- Mother was troubled with this Difeafe, fent for him to _ Paris, whither the Author came with his Father, and | profited under him in the Management of this Difeafe, _ The Author, after fome general Preliminaries, diftin- guifhes Cancers into fuch as are apparent or occult. He thinks the Cancer to come from Acids, and to be beft cured by Alkalies, and abforbing Medicines. He finds Fault with Monfieur ZZevetius, for not underftanding. the Ancients, Moderns, or his own Syftem of this Di- feafe, and at laft propofes his Father's Method (which. Ettmuller had {ome Notice of, as appears by Quotations - in this Book) which is by a Medicine made of red Arfe- — ‘nick, or Realgar Powdered, and put into a very firong Lixivial, the Diffolution is power off by Inclina- . tion, it is filtrated, and to this Liquor is put Vinegar of Lead, till nothing precipitates. This Powder precipita- ted is {weetned by Twelve or Fifteen times powring warm Water on it. The laft Water ought to come off - Anfipid, then burn either pure Spirit of. Wine, VE Os La | IX (200) | Six timcson it, or fuchi to which 1s put a Tin&ure of Opium, then:powder it, and it is ready for ufe. . Bat both for the:Reafonings on this Difeafe, and the Ufe of this Medicine,recourfe ought to be had to 'the Book itelf. XIII. A Catalogue of Books barely publife'd, not mentioned in thefe Tranfactions. U^ feum regium, feu Catalogus rerum tam natura- lum, quam artificialtum, quz ia bafilica biblio- thecz auguftiflimi Danix Norvegizq; Monarchz Chri- (tini quinti Haffinie affervantur deícriptus ab Oligero Jacobxo, Han. 1696. fol. Godefridi Bídloo, vindiciz quarundam delineationum anatomicarum contra ineptas animadverfiones , Fred. Ruyfchiu. Lugd. Bat. 1697. 4to. | Frederici Ruyfchii Refponfio ad Godefridi Bidloi libel- — lam cui nomen vindiciarum infcripfit; Amft. 1697.in 4to. Chriftiani a Steenvelt di(lertatie de ulcere verminofo. Lugd. Bat. 1697. in 4to. Bibliotheca Hifpana vetus, five Hifpanorum qui uf quam unquamve fcripto aliquid confignaverunt, notitia. Complectens Scriptores omnes qui-ab Octaviani Augufti imperio ufq; ad annum 1500. floruerunt. Autore Nico- Jao Antonio, opus pofthumum. Rom. 1696. fol. Corpus pharmaceutico-chy mico-medicum five concor- dantia pharmaceuticorum compofitorum,ad mentem cla- yiffimoram, virorum hinc inde breviter illuftrata. Stu- dio & Opera Joannis Helfrici Jungken Phyfici Franco- furtenfis. Francof, 1697. 8vo. Cours de Chymie par Nicolas Lemery. 9e. edition. - Paris, 1697. 8vo.- Jo. Conradi Bsrchu'en, pyrofophia, in tres partes | divifa, quarym z. Jatrochemiam ; altera rem metallicam, | 3. Chry- ( 201 1) | 2 Miis fpiciun: breviter & faccin&te perveftigat. | n Bat. 1697. 4te. : De naturali & praternaturali arietis ftatu medica Ípecimina Jacobi de Sandris. Quibus accedit diflertatio de ventriculo & glandulis. Bononiz. 1696. in 4to. Joachimi Targiri Medicina compendiaria, in qua, pro- - pofitis veterum fententiis, nova & veriffima artis medi- cz forma ac ratio breviter, ac dilucide explicatur. Lugd. 1698. 8vo. Joh. Chriftophori Sturmii Phy fica electiva five hypo- thetica tomus jus cjus partem phyficz generalem com- plexus Norib. 1697. 4to. Jo. Biflelii é foc. Jefu Argonauticon Americanorum, five hiftorize periculorum Petri de Victoria ac Sociorum ejuslibri XV. Gedan. 1698. 12mo. Phlebotomia Liberata, five Apologia pro Sanguinis mif-.- fione in Febribus, alufque morbis magnis, qua refponde- tur Dominico la Scala Meflanenfi. Accedit de Febribus differtationis prodromus in epiftola ad Paulum Francif- . cam Bruni. Genuz. 1697. in 4to. — Lettera del, fig. Abbate Michel Moskin Fardella in cui - brevemente fexammano 6 rigettano le oppofizioni pro- pofte contro i principii della Cartefiana filofofia dal dot- tiffimo fign Matteo Georgi nella fua epiftola detta faggio della nuova dottrina di Renato Cartefio, _&c. Vinez. 1697. 8vO. . Les ER IMluftres qui ont paru en France pendant - .cefiecle: avec leursiportraits au naturel. Par Monfieur Perrault de Academie Francoife. Paris, 1697. fol. | / i ^ Tee Books have been lately printed at the 7 beatre. | - in Oxiord. | Y idis HS M.D. & A ftróriomi Prof. Savil. P s Paid & Dioptricz Sphericse Elementa, 8vo.' | Gs re de 18 Bu le | ( 202 ) An Examination of Dr. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth, with [ome Remarks on Mr. Whifton’s New Theory, £y John. Keil. 4. 7M. Coll. Ball. dvo. "Pindari Poemata Grace & Latine cum fcholiis omni- bus veteribus, paraphrafi Benedicti, le&ionibus varianti- bus, verfione Nic. Sudorii J.C. & Chronologia Olym- pion. ftudio Ric. Weft & Rob. Welflead A. MM. é Coll. Magd. in Folio. | Reliquiz Spelmannianz : Zhe Pofl bumous Works of Sir Heary Spelman, Ant. Relating to the Laws and Antiqui- ties. of our own Nation. With bis Life. By Edm. Gibton, M. A. Fellow of Queen's Coll. Fol. Heptateuchum Anglo-Saxonicum, una cum fragmen- - tis Ver. & Nov. Teftamenti Anglo-Saxonicis, & Codici- bus MSS. edidit Edv. Thwaites, M. A. € Coll. Reg. 8vo. AnicI ManlI Severini Boéth! Confolationis Philofo. phiz libros 5. Anglo-Saxonice redditos ab Alfredo Incly- to Anglo-Saxonum Rege, ad Apographum Funianum ex- preffos edidit Chriftephorus Rawlinfon € Coll. Reg. 8vo. Elementa Arithmetice Numerofe & Spcceioífz. Ia ufum Juventutis Academicz. Auctore Eav. Wells, A.M. dis Chrifti Alumno. 8vo. Annales Velleiani, Quinctilianei, Statiani; feu vite .P. Velleii, M. Fabii Quinctiliani, Papinii Statii, (obiter- que Juvenalis) pro temporum ordine difpofitz. Auctore Ken. Dodmello. A. M. 8vo. XIV. Extracts out of divers late Accounts and Letters, | I Geneva are printing Two Volumes of Letters. — [| X. wrote to Pierefcius. At Lyons le P. Ote has printed: a Book called, Theorie: | i dé la.Mariné. | Monfieur Zournefort will foon publifh at Paris a Book, called, ZZiffezre des Plantes des. environs de Paris, in 8vo. m Monficur N , " | | ( 203 ) Monfieur Magnol has printed a Book of the Plants in the King's Garden at Montpelier. Boccone’s new Book of Plants, and other Phy fiological Matters is printed in 4to. at Venice. Rivinus has near finifh’d his Third Tome of . his Hiftory of Plants. Padre Faluggi, at Florence, has put out Profopopeiz Botauicg, in Veríe, dedicated to Ri- viru. Dr. Rammazzini is publifhing a new Edition of | - Fraucifcus Arioftus de oleo Montis Zibiniz, with Notes ( and Obfervations. Padre c panphyton Siculum, is. in the Prefs, There is a new Monthly Account of feveral things not to be met with elfewhere, publifh'd at Venice, call'd, Galleria di Minerva, there are Three of them already printed, and it will be continued. At Xilonium in Holfatia in Germany, is inflituted a new learned Society, whofe Tranfactions, its faid, will be printed. with this Title; 4a Literaria Societatis Scrutantium in Academia Kilonienfi Serenz[J. Princip. ac Dom. Dom Frederici Hered. Norveg. Regentis Ducis Slef- wicenff. s Holfat. Gc. Clementiffimo indultu recens inftitu- 4, in quibus quicquid ad veram (9 elegantem literaturam,. fpecat, fuccindle traditur Auclore fobanne Burchardo Majo: - Bloque S Hifl. Prof. Primario. | Monfieur Bourdelot at Parzs, defigns to publifh a. Treatife de Scriptis Medicis. And the late Dr. Herman's Paradifus Batavus is near finiffied at Leyden. The following Books are now in the Pref, at the Theatre. | in. Oxford. yifertationes, de Ufu Cycli Metonici & Calippici,. Civilis ; de Cyclis Metone antiquioribus, & Cyclis - Olympiadum Civilibus ; de Cyclis Delphicis & Boeoti-- cis; delfthmis, & Cor. & Sic. ae &c. Auctore Fen. Dodwello A. M. 4t0.. | i Az ; } : ' | ( 204 ) | A Prefervative agin, Socimiauifm s... Part IV. By Dr.Edwards, Princ. of Jefus Coll. gto. « | Herodiani hiftoriarum libri octo, Greece & Latine,cum Notis. $Vo. — . aee of au; "Aot Theocriti Idyllia, Graece & "Latme, cum annotationi- bus & Scholiis veteribus. 8yo. pite SS. Patrum, ut & Hereticorum, Seculi poft Chriftum natum I. HI. & III... Quorum vel integra Monumenta vel fragmenta, partim ex aliorum Patrum libris jam impreffis collegit,& cum Codicibus Manufcrip- tis contulit, partim ex MSS. nunc primum edidit, fingu- lis Notitiam Scriptoris & Scripti przmifit, ac Notas in calce cunctorum íubjunxit Teannes Erneflus Grabe, 80. ALD VER-EÀISEMENJ R. Evelyn being obliged to leave the Town [ome time before the. Copies de- fied for his Friends, could be corrected of fome more obvious Faults (omit- ed tohave been in[erted among the reft of the Errata) defires the following Notice may be publi(hd in thefe Tranfattions ;\ as it (hould have been in the former wi when an Account was given of bis Book, bad be known it was then a doing. M EI J - . , Pag. 22. Line 2. read, mixt and Obryze fort alfo, which has on it a_horfe, * In-Awo N rudely defignd ; with the Letters C O N O B. * Conjfiantinopoli Obrizatum 5 * Inwo j 4° Others, fome prince of ours." p. $1. l. o. read Etiminivs. 1 know very well mifmateV alen- Spanbeme flights this Medal, but I amnot willing to degrade our Noble City viniani Cafaits. Of hey fo early Metropolitan Dignity, without a Demonftration, having a . apnd Conjlant, Y carned Perfon on my fide. p. 207. in Margine, read for Richborough, Re- Landum Comi- : ullium. i Wer UA Coon Nate s ae y Thefe, and fome more, were ünhappily left out of the printed Corrizenda. p-802.Venet. ERRATA in Philof. Tranfa#. Numb. 237. § 2. and Numb. 240. CI5.15. XCI. press 1.7..1., Portable Barometer.In the Two Tables, Fan.10.Col.g.dele 2; 14.col.4..for 68.1.08. Feb. 9. col. 3. for 29, 90. r. 20; 10. May 28. for Moft v. Mifl. Tune 10. col. ult. for o. 20.1.v01. 7uly 21. col. 2. for W. by W.r. W. S.W. 22. col. ult. v. 0. 43. 31. col. ult. for 6. 19. r. 6. 09. Aug. 18. for W. by S, r.W.SJW. OG. 20. dele Rain. 21. for W.S. y. W. S. W. Dee. 4. for N. N.W. r. W. N. W. 9. col. 3. for 52. t. 55. ; p= 192. 1. 26. for Thereof read Therefore. ~ port al ou zie LONDON: Printed for Sam. Smitb, and Benj. Walfoid, “Printers to'the — —— Royal Society, at the Princes Arms in St. Paul's Church-Yard. 1698. — NY NAS BATE NANA » AY AN st itu m Wi kac all Ph i 5 Min 2 SUA, ll Th s a A RS SN SY wem. PE EN a ee UU I UNUS SS Se I OMA UUUMLEMUN Sal LL LUTTE ney ~ TRANSACTIONS. For the Mouth of Shay, 1693. .— The CONTENTS. I Part of a Letter from Mr. Ralph Thoresby, F BS 2 Dux Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Phyficians, and R.S. concerning a Roman Sheild. I. A Letter from Dr. Thomas Molyneux, to Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Phyficians , and R. S. Containing [ome additional | Obfer- ations on tbe Giants Caufway im Ireland. III. Epifola [cripta à Raymundo Vieullens Doctore medico Monfpelienfi ad Cla- riffimos Viros Societatw Regie Londinenfis, de Sanguine Humano. . Communicated by Lie W iN Briggs, Felof tbe Col.of Phyf and R.8. IV. Account of a Book, Ea Meridiana del Tempio de S. Pe- tronio, Orc. 7. ¢.. Tbe. Meridian Line of the Church of St. Pe- tronio, drawn and: fired: for Affronomical Obfervations, in the Year 1655. revifed and reftored im the Year 1695. by Signior John Dominico Caflini, Primary Affronomer of the School of Bononia Pontifical Mathematician, of tbe Royal Academy of Sciences, and Fellow of the R.S. Printed at Bononia 1695. . . i Fol. V. A Catalogue of Books lately printed, mot men- tioned in thefe Tranfattions. VI. Extracts out of fome late Ac- | . counts and Letters, — L Part of a Letter | from Ar. Ralph Thoresby, |F..R. S. to Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Phyfictans and R. S. concerning a Roman Sheild. — Vimeo we | | Kane myformer, having procured an old Roman Shield, of | AJ. a different form from that I had before, and obferving | themboth to be of different Materials from the ufaal Defcrip-- | 4ions of them (which I alfo apprehend to be im other parts de- Hh . fe&ive) Pas ner) ro. Numb. 2141. PHILOSOPHICAL. y» » Z a 2L T ( 206 ) fective) I refolved to make a more particular Infpe&ion into — their Texture, and whereas they are generally faid to-be e /;. no, corio faperinduéio, upon a ftrict Survey, thereis nothing of Wood, but the Hare, in. either er chem. The Aheient Ro. mans Y obfervehad Three Words, Scutum, Parma, & Clypeus, for tha: cefenfive Weapon we generally Englith a Sbeild,which notwithftanding their different Forms or Macer, their Au- thors (cfpecially in the Declenfion of-the Empi e) frequently confound, as, if I miftake not, we do Sheild, Buckler, and ~ — Target. The Scutum, © Clypeus, in Form, que enim rotunda, € in orbem juftum velata, Clypeos dixere, (and of this fort are thofe votive Sheilds uponthe Colums or Trunk of Palm Trees, infcribed, VIC. AVG. or DAC. PAR. c. in their old Coins) quae im longum extbant, Scuta, bothithe Scutum ana Par- ma, are by very good Authors, as well more ancient as mo- dern, pofitively faid to be of Wood covered with Leather, and fo particularly Mr. Ob. Walker, in liis late ingenious Hif. of Coin: ; but theenfuing Defcriction will evince, that Bernar- dus ipfe non videt omnia. ‘This Sheild or Buckler is of the Par- ma Kind, and rightly fo called, quod e medio im omnes partes [it par, whereas the Scatum was molily Oval, tho'fometimes zz- . _-bricctum, with Corners equally broad, «itis Fifteen Inches Diameter, whereof a little: more than a third part is taken up with the Uzbo, or protuberant Boís at the Navel, which is made of an Iron Convex Plate, wrought hollow on the infide, to receive the Gladiator’s Hand, upon the Center of this is a leffer Bofs, wherein there f:ems to have been fixed, fome - kind of Ca/pis, or fharp offenfive. Weapon, to be ufed when they came co fight Hand to Hand, but the Form of this I cannot defcribe,both the Sheilds being defective in that point ; . nor canI receive any Light from my Colle&ion of Coins, for tho’ it feem to be the fame that Adars Bellator or Gradivus (for ..— Mars Quirinus is not armed or marching) is níually.deícóbed — Xo with, yet the Sheild being carried in the Left-Hand, only the ^ Back Part of it is apparent. «From the.faid Udo the Sheild- is Four Inches and an half broad on each fide, in which are 11 circular equidiftant Rows of Brafs Studs. of that Size, ‘that Vide Fig. 9.222 are fet in the outmoft Circle, which is4 Foot wantipg — 3 Inches, (for thatlisthe Circumiérence ofthe Buckler) andío — — ^proportiopably- in theleffer Circles co:the Center of'thefe 31.—— Rows of Brazen Studs, che inmoít Circleis placed upon the — — "£y | * | Umbo LI inet c A ey.) | Umbo it felf, the next 8 upon as many circular Plates of Iron; each a third of an Inch bread. : The two oütermoft upon one thicker Plate an Inch broad :- in the little Intervals between thefe circular Plates are plainly difcovered cercain crofs Lami- ne, that pafs on the Back of the other, from the Umbo to the exterior Circle; and thefe Iron Platesare alío about the third part of an Inch at the broader End towards theCircumference, ‘but g:adually contracted into: a narrower Breadth, that they may be brought into the Compais of the Ugbo at the Center. The inner Coat next to thofe Iron Plates ( for I cat it alittie open behind, that 1 might more diftin&ly difcern the Work) is made of very thick hard (trong Leather, which cuts bright, fomewhat like Parchment. Upon that isa fecond Cover of the fame, and on the outfide of this are plaited the Iron Pins . that run through the Brafs S:uds ; for the above-mentioned ' JrafsStudsare caft purely for Ornament upon the Heads of . the faid Iron Pins the fixth part of an Inch long, that none of the Iron appears : this reminds me of Fulias Cefar’s Policy, Who, as Suetonius tells us, countenenced this piece of Pride or Oftentation in his Army, ut Argento & Auro politzs Armis or- maret, fimul €9: ad [Deciora, & quo tenaciores eorum im praelio effent, metu damni. The next Cover to the plaiting af the faid Nails (which pafs through the circular and crofs fron Plates, and -both the Leather Covers ) is a pure linnen Cloth, bat difco- loured, though perhaps not with Age only, but fower Wine and Sale, or ome other Liquid wherein it feemsto have been gileeped. And laftly, upon the faid Linnen is the outmoit | Cover, which is of fofter Leather, all which Coats that com- pofe the Sheild, are bound together by two circular Plates of | _. fron, a thin and narrow one towards the Center, and athick- er and large one, an Inch broad at the Circumference, which is curioufly nailed with two rows of very (mall Tackets, above 400 in Number, the vacant Holes whence fome of che, Nails are dropt out, are lile bigger than to admit the Point of a .* Pair of (mall Compafles, both which Rims do likewife faften the Handle (the only part of Wood) which has alfo Six other Iron Plates about three or four Inches long, to fecure it. That Sheild which 1 lately procured, differsnor fo much in _. Size (though it is compleatly a Foot larger in the Circumie- — .rence)-asin the Form, for wtereasthis already defcribed is al- molt flat, except the {welling U;z2o, this is abfolutely Concave, d anc ( 208 ) dbuo and from the Skirts of the protuberant Bofs in the middle, ir rifes gradually tothe Circumference, which is nigh three ín- .ches perpendicular from the Center; this has Fourteen Rows of che like Brafs Studs, but che circular Plates of Iron they are fixed in, do not lie upon other crofs Plates, as the former does, ‘but each from the Center, upon the outer Edge of the other, .Which'occáfions its rifing in that Concave manner. That thefe were part of rhe Acoutrement of the Roman Equites, rather than either the Velites or Haftati, Y conclude, becaufe that, though all in general had Sheilds, yet thofe of © the elites, who were as the Forlorn Hopes, feem more flight, and are exprefly faid to be, & ligno corto fuperinduéto, thole of the Haftati are’ not only faid, e pluribus ligna & afferculis conftit, @vc. but were.alfo Four Foot long to cover the whole Body, when ftooping ; of which kind were likewife thofe of the Principes and Zriari. Whereas the Defcription that the A- nonymous Author of Roma lluffrata with Fabricius’s Notes, gives in his Armatara Equitum, comesthe nigheft this, Scutum jive Parmam babebant ex -bovillo corio, arte leviter.durata, but then he adds, eeque mero, mulla materie fubjetfa, omitting not only the ornamental Studs, but che Iron Work, which Camil- — das firft contrived as a defence againft the immenfe Swords of the Gauls. I have endeavoured to make this Defcription more intelligible by a Dranghe of the Sheild above-mentioned. Vide Fig.9. AT | ; j Leeds, 26 Febr. 1693. d. BOS pde or wur ade | Hus heard of fome Roman Coins lately plowd up about Notting bam, Y procured a Parcel of them,but they - prove common, and moft of Tetricus, tho’ fome alfo of Gali- ent, Vittorinas, and Claudius Gothicus. RU B E RE (209) Il. A Letter from Dr. Thomas Molyneux, to Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Phyficians, «zd of tbe Royal Society, in London: Containing fome additional Obferva- sions on the Giants Caufway in Ireland. [fcourfing lately with our Friend,Sir Richard Bulke- - ley, I find that for fome while [ have been un- . der an Obligation by a Promife he made in my behalf, that I fhould fend you a more true and particular Ac- count of the Giawts Casfway, than has been yet publifh’d: - and indeed had I been in Circumftances that would . have duly qualified me for the Performance of this Task; the Returns I owe for the great Civilities you fhewed me when I was in England, were Ingagements (ufficient to have made me ready,’ere now, and extreamly willing to imbrace an Occafion, fo luckily put in my way,of grati- fying your Curiofity. mo ct i ut But I defer'd hitherto giving you this fo fmall a Tefti- mony of my Thanks, by reafon I was {till in Hopes, that one time or other, fome convenient Opportunity . would prefent, that I might take a Journey into tholé parts of the Country where it lies, and fo be able to dif- |. charge my felf of this Office more to my own as well as | your Satisfa&ion; for being an Eye-witnefs of this rare - and furprifing Piece of Nature's inanimate Workman- fhip, I might by a more diligent Search and Ocular In- quiry, correct fome Miftakes and Overfights I find com- | mitted by thofe that have already defcribed it ; and add | to their Obfervations fuch farther Remarks, as might | _ render the Image and Notions we have of the Giants |. Caxfway, Till more Compieat and ESO in Xen | I n : ( 210 ) And truly whoever takes a Pleafure or Satisfa&tion in making Inquiries after Natural Productions, and examin- ing the various Works of the Creation, cannot but be very defirous if he has once heard of this Fofi/, to be as fully informed of it as ‘tis poffible, being "tis fo remark- ably fingular and curious in its Kind. | For if we confider how admirable it is, either for its Angular and regularly Shaped Columns ; or for the long Series of fo many exact Joints in each of them ; or for the neat and curious Articulation of theíe Joints one in- to the other ; or for the vaft ZZeigbt, Straituefs, and Magnitude of fome of the Pillars, or for the great Farz- ety as well as Accuracy of their Geometrical Figures ; or for the ftrange Combination of their Szdes, in füch a Manner as there is not the leaft Vacuity or Space left be- tween one Column and another, they ftand foclofe toge- ther ; or for the vaft Quantity and Ípacious Extent of this fort of Rock, which tho’ it is found in fuch an Abun- dance in this part of our Country, none of juft the fame Kind, for ought I can yethear, is to be met with in any other part of the World: confidering Ifay, all thefe Par- ticulars, the Gzasts Caufway of Ireland may very well be efteemed one of the greateft Wonders, Nature, or the firft Caufe of all things has produced.» For though "tis true fhe has manifefted much greater Artifice and more curious Contrivance inthe framing of — Zuzmal Bodies, and thofe of Vegetables ; asif thefe were — defigned to be more elaborate becaufe more obvious and expofed to view and Obfervation ; yet in the modeling of her Minerals that lie retired, more hid and concealed in the Bowels of the Earth, we fhall not find fhe has fhewn any where fo much Accuracy and Mechanifm, — as in the fhaping the Materials of this our Caafmay. i te ee M EE PR EET m ES _ However my Afiairs have fo unhappily fallen our, and I have had fo little command of my owa Time of late, that hitherto I have been forced to deny my fel£ the Satisfaction of going to view this fo curious a Natau- ral Rarity in the Country where’tis fituated, and not being able to foreíte or promife my {elf whea it m ght be otherwif; 1 would not on this Score delay any lod- ger anfwering | your Expe@ations, and quit tting my felf of the Ingagements I lie under; but refoived at the Di- {tance | am, to inform my (elf as well as I could con cerning it, and then fend ‘you the beft Account I could gather from all m y Intelligence; which I hope will not ! be altogether unfatisfactory. : Tho I have colle&ed from feveral Informations by me, many remarkable Paffages concerning this itrange Pile of Stony Columns, yet I fhall only here fer down fuch Particulars as have come to my Knowledge fince my Writing of thofe Papers publifhed in the Philofophz- cal Tranfattions, Numb. 212. to which I refer you, as well for the rectifying fome Errors therein mentioned, as to avoid unnecefiary repeating what has been already faid on this Subject. Perceiving then I could not (5: well rely on the Draught of the Gzazts Canfway that was firtt taken, and . printed about Four Years (ince in the fore-mentioned Tranfattion, as being done by the Hand of one who was no extraordinary Artift, tho’ the beft that could be then had; I propofed the lat Summer to fome Philofophical Gentlemen here in Dubléa, that we fhould imploy, at our common Charge, one Mr. Sandys, a good Matter in Defigning and Drawing of Profpe&ts, to go inte the North of Ireland, and upon the Place take the genuine and accurate Figure of ‘the whole Rock, with the natu- V Yat-Poftere-of-the Hills-and Country about it for fome 2 pros z;&eeordinaly we fent him away with fuck In- E Er ftrudrions - {tructions as 1 drew up for him, and he returned foon after with a fair and beautiful Draught very expreflive of each Particular we defired; an exact Copy of which my Brother lately fent over to the Royal Society, by one of their Worthy Members, and my highly efteemed- . Friend, the Honourable Francs Roberts, when he went laft from hence, this I believe you'll find hanging up in their Repofitory at Grefbam-Colledge, to which I muft de- fire you to have recourfe, for the whole Map was too large and bulky to be inclos'd in this Letter *: However, I have fcver'd from it one of its moft inftructive Schemes, as being the chief and moft effential part of it all, and have here fent it you; from whence with the Help of, the Deícription already publifhed, you will eafily frame to your felf a juft Zdea of the moft fingular and remarka- ble Properties of this Stone of the Giants Caufway. See the Table. Here you have expreft by the fame Scale, all the va- rious Figures of the feveral forts of Foiuts and Colums. that have been found. by late careful Obfervation to. make up the Caufway. " Figure r, fhews a Joint but of Three Sides. figure 2. a Joint. of Four Sides. Figure 3. a Joint of Five Sides. Figure 4. a Joint of Six Sides. Figure 5. @ Joint of Seven Sides. * A Figure of thisis Printed, Numb. 235. of thefe Tranfacions. Figure ee ee 8 eee Figure 6 and 7. Two Joints one of a fmaller, t’other of a.larger Size, that have both Eight Sides. Figure 7, and 7. a piece ofa Colum of Six Sides tranf . verfely divided in the Middle, theuppermoft Part a. laid clofe by the lower Part 4. that the Manner may the - better and more plainly appear how the Convexity or 4 their Concavities as thofe markt & . rifing of the Joint below markt c. was let into the Hol- low of the Joint above markt d. when that was in its . native Pofture (tanding a Top and covering it, by this fort of Articulation the feveral Joints of the Columns, whether they confift of Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, or Eight Sides adapt and unite themfelves to one ano- ther, obferve in all the reft of the Figures c. denotes a Convexity or rifing, d, a Cavity or Hollownefs in the Stone, : | Figure 8, and 8. is a Collection of Seven Colums as they ftand together in'the Cawfway, and fhews that tho’ the Pillars differ from. one another in their Shape and Angles, yet they adjuft their Sides in fuch a Manner to the next immediate adjoining Colums, that there re- mains no Vacuity between them, for the Pillars are of | fuch various Figures, that all forts of Interftices of what fhape foever, are intirely fill’d up by one or other of them. | i kir e,e.¢.¢¢.e. The Sides of the Pillars which fhew by their outward Surface, that each Colum confifts of many Joints placed one. above another from Top to Bottom ; and thefe Joints fo clofely. contiguous, that only afmall | -Crevife or Line feems to fever them ; fome with their Convexities uppermoft as thofe markt c, others with - Thefe | C214 ) Thefe Figures make out there was a Miftake commit- ted as well in anfwering one of the Queries relating to this Caufway, asin the Account that’s given of it; where’tis faid, that among the Colums there are none fquare but almoft all Pentagonals or Ffexagonals, only a few are ob- ferved that have Seven Sides, but more Pentagous than Flexagons, whereas tis certain, theré are not only in this’ Pile Quadrangular, but alio Triangular and Ofangular Pillars, though no Notice was taken at that time of any fuch, by reafon they are much fewer in Number than thofe other figured Colums, and not being carefully fearched after, they did not come fo readily in Sighr, and my very honoured Friend, Dr. St. George 24/b, now Lord Bifhop of Clogher, aflured me, that when he was on the Cau/way, he could not byall his Obfervation, tho’ he examined the Matter ftri@ly too, diícover.there were more Pentagons than Hexagons. But this fort of Stone is not more remarkable for being cut thus naturally into regular Geometrical Figures, than for being found in fuch Plenty and vaft Abundance in many parts of this Country, for Four or Five Miles about. Other curioufly fhaped Stones as the Zrocbztes, the Afreites, the Lapides Judaici, the Echinite Pelluci- di, and fuch like, wherefoever difcovered in the World, are always but few in Number, and only met with in {mall Parcels, fcattered and difperfed up and down: But Nature has framed fuch an immeníe Quantity cf this prodigious Stone here altogether, that the feems - more than ordinary profufe of her elaborate "Work- manfhip. : afin oU. Brit For befides what goes under the vulgar Name of the Giants Caufway, which it felf alone is of a great Extent, at leaft Seventy’Five Foot longer than what ’twas firft faid to be, and how much farther it may run into tlie. Sea, . Cae. QI MD | Séa, none can tell ; there are many other Collections of the fame kind of Pillars, fituated in and about this Place, as two lefízr but more imperfect and broken Caufways, as we may call them, that both lie at fome Diftance o'the Left Hand of the great one, as you face the North: and a little farther into the Sea, fome Rocks fhew themfelves . above Water, when the Tide islow, that feem all made. fill of che fame Stone. - And if you afcend towards the Land in the Hill above the Casfmay next and immediate- ly adjoining to it, you meet with more of the fame (ort of Pillars, but in a different Situation, not perpendicu- - lar and erect, but lying as 'twere on their Sides, in a flanting Pofture. | | Beyond this Hill Eaftward, at feveral Diftances fland ' many fets of ftreight and upright Colums ranged in cu- - rious Order along the Sides of the Hills: that Parcel of them which is moft confpicuous and neareft the Cau/way the Country People call, the Looms or Organs, from its - formal Shape; which is fo very regular, that all its {c- veral Pillars may be diftin&tly counted, and they are juft Fifty in Number, the largeft and talleft at leaft Forty _ Foot high, confifts of Forty Four diftin@ Joints, and ftands directly in the middle of all the reft, they gradu. ally decreafing in Length on both Sides of it, like Organ E Pipes. . Four Miles Weftward of the Giauts Caufway, a Mile and a half diftant-from the Sea, Three Miles from the - 'Tówn of Coleraize, and about T wo from Dza/uce, an old A Seat of the Marque[fes of Antrim ; feveral Ranges of tall Pillars thew themfelves alongft the Side of a Rock for about Three Hundred Paces together: a Church within - a Quarter of a Mile of them, called, Ballywillan-Church, Tam told was built for the moft part with Stone taken - from thefe Pillars, which are all of the fame fort of Stone . with the Colums of the Giants Caufway, (as I find by | Care- X ( 216 ) carefully examining and comparing together Pieces of them both I have now by me) and like thofe too, con- fift of regularly cut, loofe, and diftin& Joints, placed one upon the Top of vother, but in thefe Refpe&ts they differ: - : 1. That fome of thefe Zn-land Pillars are of a much larger Size than any in the Caufway, being T wo Foot and a half in Diameter z | 2. That-there are only found among thefe fuch as have Three, Four, Five, and Six Sides, none that have Seven and Eight like fome of the Gzants Caufway. 20 3. That the Joints of thefe do not obferve that knd of Articulation by Cavities and Convexities as thofe of the Caufway do, but their upper and lower Surfaces touch only in Planes, and they ftand united by means of their - Weight and Preffure alone, fo that a {mall Force will fc- . ver them. Whether thefe Particulars may be thought fufficient to conftitute a fpecifick Difference, or only an accidental Variety between the Stone of the Gzasts Caufway, and of thefe more Jn-land Pillars, 1 leave to your greater Ex- perience in thefe Inquiries to determine. - But in the mean time I muft not omit informing you, that notwithftanding thofe regular Cavities or Rifings, — you fee expreft inthe Middle of every one of the Joints of the Caufway, defcribed in the foregoing Table, and though I have been affured by feveral that have been up- on the Place, that the like ZZeZows and Convexities are in the Original Stones themfelves; yet I find by obfer- ving the Manner of the Commiffure or way of Articu- . lation in Six Couple of the feveral forts of Joints of Three, - Four, Five, Six, Seven, and Eight Sides, which I had raifed on Purpofe, and taken out of the Caufway, as they were there naturally fellow’d in Pairs, and was at the — Charge — a ( 217 ) Charge of having them fent hither to Dublin, that 1 might have a compleat Set and Sample of all the various Colums the Gzasts Caufway affords; líay, obferving of thefe, [find fome of the Joints a&ually want this.Cavi- ty and Réfing, asthoíe of Four and Six Sides ] have now in my Houle, and are only united to one another. by Superficies touching clofe in Planes that run a little flant- ing and not parallel to the. ZZerizos. . Yet this may be only.a chance Formation, fince the univerfal Jointing of the whole Cas/way, is certainly otherwife; but I. muft take notice, that the ZZe/ews and Convexities are not conftantly- formed and moulded in the Stone with all that Accuracy and circular exaétnefs the Artift has pleafed to -exprefs them in the Figures. _-Thefe Cavities in fuch Joints as are uppermoft, and lye expofed to the open Air on the Surface of the Cau/- way, afford no {mall Ufe and Advantage to the poorer fort of, the. People in. the Neighbouring Country, with whom, it.is a common Practice in the Summer time, Ww en they | want.Salt,. to fill thefe natural. Bafons with . Sea Water, which by reafon of their Shallownefs are of fo commodious a Shape, that in the Space of Four Z;des they; find all the Water that was left in them. exhaled, and. | the Salt remaining dry in the bottom of the. Hol- lows. Yet whether fome intrinfick Principle i in the; Na- ture and Body of the Stone may not contribute a. great - deal, as well as the outward. Figure: of its Cavity, to fach. a fudden Evaporation of the Water, and. Chriftali- fation ; of the Marine Salt, in fo old. and Northern a Cli- mate;as this i is, I leave £o. be further coofidered. 19. ..But, there. às; another Irregularity., l: mutt. take: Notice of, which is, that One of the Joints, ofthe) Caufway.a a Pentagon. fent me hither.to,Tows,, is Cayous, both. at "Lopiaod Bogor ; Rud Lam told, among tne -orlrc r. Fir T guid. Joints | ikegoaee, | HRs Bey s i ia found thofe-that "n are e soap 3 J ( 218 ) are Convex as well at Top as at Bottom: Bat the gene. ral Formation that's moft conftant and runs through al- moft all the Pillars of the Caafway, agrees with what is faid in the fore-mentioned 7ranfaclios, viz, That if a Foint be Concave at one End, the other End u always Con. vex. And bating thefe Particulars! have hinted, I do not fee any thing elíe faid in that Account that you may not fafely rely on. — The vaft Towering Height of thefe flrait Jointed Pil- lars, efpecially of thofe that are moft flender and the per- fe&teft among them, is truly very fürpriziag, and de. ferves yet a more particular Regard. There are in the Caufways, fome of Thirty Two, others of Thirty Six Foot High above the Strand, and as I faid before, fome among the Organs equal Forty Foot in Height: How far thefe may be continued under Ground is not yet difco- vered, nor has it been fo well examined as itought: A Gentleman of my Acquaintance in thofe Parts, did me the Favour lately to trace one of the talleft Pillars of the Caufway, by digging into the Strand till he could well - go no farther; and it continued ftill of the fame Make and Figure, Jointed as it was above, for the Depth of Eight Foot together, and could hethen conveniently have gone on with his Defign, and followed it deeper, he tells me he had no Reafon to doubt but he might ftill have traced it much farther into the Earth. This is obferva- ble, that commonly the Joints as well of the Zn-dand Pillars, as thofe of the Caufway, as they have their Si- tuation nigher the Earth, are longer and taller than thofe towards the Top of the Colum, but no difference is ob- ferved in the Cavities or Rifings of the Joints, as they are placed higher or lower in the fame Pillar, they con- tinue much the fame as to their Depth or Protuberance from Top to Bottom: yet the utmoft Top of fuch of the Pillars that feem compleat and intire, always termi- | | Bates | 219 ) nates witha Joint that's flat on the upper Side, and no way either Concave or Convex like all the reft below it. : | j i - By what means thefe Stony Joints, fo Ponderous and Bulky, and fo diftin&t and diícontiaued Bodies from one another, fhould arrive at firft to this great Height, and reach the Summits of the(e tall Colums where they now - are placed, feems a Problem of that difficulty, that fome perhaps for its Solution may be apt to think they were co-zval with the firft Creation, and ranged then in the fame Order they now ftand by the great Fiat that pro- duced the World. But it were eafy to give another Con- jecture of this odd Appearance, were I not better plea- fed to obferve and fet down the Hiftory of Nature as it truly is, than to amuíe my felf and others by making vain and uncertain Gueffes at the hidden Caufes of its Phenomena. — ' | “As ‘to the internal Subftance of this Stone, "tis of an extraordinary hard, clofe, and compact Texture: its Greet or Grain ío very even and fine that it hardly ap- pears, unleí(s viewed near the Eye, and when the Stone is newly broke; then it fhews its felf on its Surface like ‘avery minute fmall glifning Sand thickly interfperfed - with the reft of the folid ; which by reafon its parts are fo firmly combined together, has fomething more of Gravity in Proportion to its Bulk, than moft other forts of Stone, uniefs fuch as partake of the Marchafite or _ Pyrites, and are’ more ponderous than ufual from a^ - Metalline Principle being an Ingredient ia their Corn- . pofition; of which this does not at all participate or at leaft not in any confiderable Quantity that 1 can | difcover. ^ — Lu ae 2l QNYioA | It feems as as if it were one plain Homogenious Body, - without any Mixture of Cochlite, Belemuite, Veins of | Spar, or {uch like extraneous Matter, fo commonly met 2 j Kia) os with " ( 220 ) with in moft other ftony Concretes: nor can there be obferved Rays, Furroughs, Striz, or any manner of Lines running along its Superficies ; fo that it is capable of a good Pollifh, and I find has in Perfection that Qua- lity of the Lapis Lydius, Bafanus or Touchflone, fo much celebrated of old, for fhewing the various Impreffions different Mettals make upon it when rub'd or drawn along its Surface ; but being a Stone naturally divided into fmall Pieces or Joints, and of fo hard a Body, that it turns or breaks the Edges of the beft Tools, when they offer to cut it; it feems unfit for the imbellifhing of Hou- fes, and all the other greater Ufes of Architecture and Statuary. | Its Ruff and natural Outfide that's exposd to the open Air and beating of the Weather, is of a whitifh Colour, much the fame with that we fee on common Rocks and Lime Stone ; but the Infide, when you fever one Piece frefh from another, is of a Blackifh Iron-grey, like that of the beft Black Marble before 'tis polifhed, but fome- what of a darker Shade. wi And indeed I can difcover but little, if any, Difference between the Subítance of this Stone, and that of Marble: "Tis true, the moft common fort of Marble is not near . fo hard and clofe a Body ; yet that does not import much, fince ’tis known that feveral Kinds of Marble vary ex- treamly from one another in thefe Refpeéts; for which we may take Pliny’s Word, Hijftor. Natural. lib. 36. cap. 7. Marmorum Genera S colores non facile eff euume- rare cum fint in tanta Multitudine: and a little farther in the fame Chapter, {peaking more particularly of the various Kinds of Marble, he mentions one fort of it found in Ethiopia, Quem vocant Bafalten ferrei coloris atque — duritie unde © nomen. — - , , ~rtrs Lj RI » Aud. - | .. Eight Sides. (es - And truly the Stone of our Giants Caufway agreeing fo well’ in Hardnefs, Colour and Subftance with this ZEthiopick Marble defcribed by Pliny, and Kentmanuus, reducing a fort of Pz//ard Stone in Mifnia near Drefden in Germany, that nearly refembles ours in many of its Pro- perties, to the Bafaltes : I thought I could not more apt- ly refer it to any Species of Fofi] yet known, than to that, and therefore gave it the Name of Lapis Bafaltes, — vel Bafanus Hiernicus, but not being fo well informed then, Iran into a Miftake, when I (aid, Angulis mini- mum quinque plurimum feptem conftans ; whereas I fhould | — haveíaid, Axgulis minimum tribus plurimum oclo conftans ; And this fhews it to partake ftill more of the Nature of the Mifnian Bafaltes, tho’ it comprehends Two forts of Pillars which that has not, thofe of Three and thofe of This puts me in Mind of taking Notice to you, that | - T cannot but think that Gentleman extreamly out, who- ever he is, for he conceals his Name, and perhaps would have done well had he his Opinion too, that publifh'd 3 Paper, NumZer 23. Page 46. in the Monthly Mifcel- laneous Letters, where he fays, the Stone of the Gzauts . Caufway (which 1 am confident he had never feen) might rather Le referr d to the Entrochi than to the Lapis Bafaltes or Bafanos. Now the Enxtrochi you know are Cilyndrical Bodies, and never Angular, always of afimall Size, the largeft not above an Inch Diameter, and their Solid quite of another Subftance, a foft britly | .. Matter, much of the fame Grain and Texture with the: Lapis Fudaicus: which are fuch fignaland effential Cha- | racters to diftiftinguifh it from the Stone of the Caf way, that nothing would be more abfurd in Natural £- fiory | 16 2) flory, than to reduce Two Minerals fo vaftly different, to one and the fame 7rite; whereas | find no Difa- greement that’s confiderable between the Colums of the Bafaltes Mifenus and thofe of the Bafaltes FZiberni- cus, but that the former are made of One entire Stone, which in the latter is divided into Joints ; and this I take as Grounds only fufficient to conftitute a bare fpecifick Difference, and. no more. Georgius. Agricola in his Book de Natura Fofilium, lib, 7. Pag. 327. has a Paffage (and which I find con- firmed too, by a later Author living in that Country, Lachmand de Fofilibus, 9c.) wherein be mentions a fort of Marble found in the Deftri&t of Zzdefbeim in Germany, that feems to bear in feveral Refpedts, a great Analogy or Agreement with this Stone of the Giants Caufway, becaufe they are but fhort, Vil give you. his own Words; le Hildefbeimo quoque é Regione Arcis _ Marieburgi Collis eft plenus Lapideis Trabibus,quarum Ca- pita interdum eminent, funt vero perlongg acervatim pofite duque medio earum terra eft colore. Nigro, ferro aut al- Tero Lapide percuffe now aliter .ac marmor. Hildefbeimum cornu ufi virus oleut omuinoque ex eadem Materi. funt. He does not indeed tell us the precife Figure of thefe . Marble Beams, yet it feems probable at leaft that fome were Square, which makes him call them, ZraZes Lapi- dee. But however that might be, this lm. affured of from frequent Experiments, that the Marble of the Giants Gawfway, like thefe Stony Beams, when - forcibly ftruck with another Stone ora Bar of Iron, ae forth a ftrong offenfive Scent like Burnt orn. | TENE -. But aha A c AA, Él OL ne (223) —— But I fhall forbear making any more of thefe kind of Remarks or raifing Deductions from them, confidering that I write to one whofe accurate Obfervations, vaft Reading, and ample Experience in Fofiils, can, if he -. pleafe, furnifh me with thofe that are fo much more In- ftru&ive and Judicious than my own : and fhall there- fore add. no more, but intreat you to let me know your particular Senfe of this wonderful Product of Na- ture, and your impartial Cenfure of what I have faid concerning it; and then I fhall quite accomplifh all that I propofed to my íelf by troubling you with this, the acquiring Knowledge, and fhewing you that Ib lanmyes . | | Dublin, March - fOURs &. | . 25. 1698. II. £piffofa (224) I1I. Epiftol fcripta: a Raymundo Vieuffens Do- Gore medico Monfpelienft ad Clariffimos, Viros Societatis Regie Londinenjis , de Sanguine Humano. | OFT Bt ‘CLARISSIMI, UM mihi Rex ob edita in Lucem opera quedam y medica penfionem annuam Librarum mille ad vi- tarn die vigefima tertia Menfis Septembris Anni 1688. liberaliter conceffiflet,egoque tanto beneficio vehementer, ut par erat, commotus effem, nihil mihi pratermitten- dum effe exittimavi, ut ne principis omnium maximi favore, atque gratia indignus videri poffem. Quam- obrem public falutis ftudio magis ac magis: accenfus ftatim. expi quantüm potui temporis mihi, meiíque - rebus fubducere, ut me totum conferrem ad amplam, accuratamque morborum internorum hiftoriam conte. xendam, non eam nudam, & ad curiofitatem tantum compofitam, fed caufarum, nec non fymptomatum ex- plicationibus in mechanica humani corporis ftructura fun-.— datis, Gc affiduis meis, jam ab annis fere triginta, huma- norum corporum in xenododochio Monfpelienfi diflectio-. - nibus ornatam & conftitutam. Magnum fané, arduum, & ftupendum, ut ita dicam Opus, quod cum fere tribus abhine annis recognovifiem, . & zqua Lance perpendiffem, corrigendum, augendumq; - ratus fum 5 imd ftatuendum, & clare demonftrandum in ipfo limine operis, quz. fit effentia, qua vis corum corporum, ; quibus fanguis conftat, tum quod majus eft, qu tandem inter illa. reperiatur. proportio quantititis, quod nifi ante omnia effem affecutus, in ipfa humani. temperamenti natura ; differentiis, caufis fignis, effecti- | buss | La << T NIS T1 : Eco | bus, & mutationibus cognofcendis fruftrà omnino, mea - quidem fententia, elaborarem. — | Relictà igitur ad tempus, Viri Clariffimi, interiorum corporis morborum hiítorià, in fanguine contemplando curas omnes meas, & cogitationes ita defixi, ut nullo modo mihi priüs quieícendum putarem, quàm totam li- quoris illius naturam penitus attigiflem, ipfifque, ut ita Loquar, oculis omnium fubjeciflem partes. ejus omnes, partiumque omnium eflentiam, qualitates, & gravitates refpectivas, atque adeo naturalem unius cujuíque ipfarum quantitatem (corporum autem quantitatem {ui gravita- te, & pondere metior fiquidem quantitas, non apparens quidem & fenfibilis, fed realis & phyfica ponderi (emper ex cequo refpondet). Quamvis enim fumma difficultate operis admodum terrerer ; tamen tentandi gloria, ftudi- oque boni publici adhuc vehementius commovebar ne- que inanis fpes, aut irritus conatus fuit ; nam (quod Dei profecto gratia eft) Clariffimi Boylxi nunquam fatis lau- dandi veftigiis in hoc fuícepto meo infiftendo, & ulterius quàm ille progredi, fi poflem, conando, quod diu, mul- tümque optaveram, vixque fperare aufus eram, id tan- . dem, quamvis non fine gravibus longifque laboribus, con- fecutus fum. Quo jam chymici, medicique illi ( abfit verbo invidia) proríus erraffe mihi videntur, qui illud quod é fanguine fal elici folet, merum fal acre, feu alka- linum effe, nullàque induftrià verum fal acidum ex illo educi poffe hactenus crediderunt. — [1 pariter tum chymi- ci, tum medicierravere, qui eam, quam à natura partes vivifici hujufmodi liquoris inter fe habent, proportionem quantitatis nulla reperiri poffe arte. ab elapfis tot feculis | judicaverunt. Equidem cim & fateor fal five volatile, five fix-- um igais vi extradum 6 fanguine fermeniationem, — quod ajunt, cum fluoribus quibus vis acidis eti- am mitioribus pati: preterea id ipfum fal fublima- ‘tum corrofivum diffolutum prexcipitat, & fyrupum | L | | vicla- ( 226 ) violaceum viridem facit, ut nemo nefcit, adeóque multas falino-acres, feu alkalinas habet particulas, quibus hzc preftat ; fed falimas quoque acidas non paucas complc&i- tur, ut adducendis modo in medium experimentis con- flabit certo certis : Quamobrem illud effe à natura fua verum corpus falfum exploratum: deinceps omnibus erit, ac cogaitum, nec non extra omnem omnino controver- fiam pofitum. Corpus falfum, cum dico, conflatum in- telligo ex partibus quidem falino-acribus & falino-acidis, fed falino-acribus longe pluribus: ex quoillud confequens eft, ut integra inviolataque natura falino acid: majore falino-acrium copia obrutze, & quafi fepulte delitefcant. Cüm Sal acidum, fub forma filicet fpiritus acidi eru- ere vellem, fi forte poffe; € falfo fanguinis, quod jam- diuin innatum, & adventitium, feu ab alimentis potiffi. mum fuppeditatum divifi, ut cap. 2s.dolibri mei de prin- cipiis fufe nec non claré explicui: libras quinquaginta ejufmodi liquoris prius ceneo in vafe ignis vi, quantüm par erat exficcati per totas viginti quatuor horas in forna- ce figuli torrui, feu, ut aiunt calcinavi ; adcóque illas ad » tres uncias, & drachmas | feptem cineris. grifacei redegi : ex hoc cinere guftui valde afpero, cum fpiritibus acidis fermentefcente, & tincturx florum maluz viridem colo- rem inducente lixivium confeci, ex quo unciam unam falis fixi candoris pené nivei eduxi: Salisillius, quod, ut fupra dictum eft, cum omnibus fpiritibus acidis. fermen- tefcebat, fublimatum corrofivum diffolutum przceps age- bat, & fyrupum violaceum colore viridi tingebat, fep- tem drachmas, & quadraginta duo grana tribus circiter unciis boli ficciffimi admifcui : ex mixto hujufmodi re- torta luto munità inclufo igne, ut aiunt reverberiiextra- — xi femiunciam & grana octodecim fpiritus colorem fpiri- tus fulphurei quodammodo imitantis, & ipfo fpiritu aceti acidioris linguz judicio. | | | Spiritus ille plurimam fermentatur non folum cum — oleo, & fale fixo tartari, verum etiam cum fale five. p MN ve: ( 227.) five volatili & fubrufo fpiritu, quz ignis vi extrabun^ tur € fanguine. .Pratereà ipfemet fpiritus rubeiacit fy- rupum violarum, tin&uram cle was & florum maluz. Quare liqui. ó conftat fal ex fanguine humano extractum debere credi verum falfum; id eft (altum ac quoddam acre- acidum. Quod omnia inter {alla perfecttam cum folo fale fixo tartari, en nullam cum fale marino, five odore, five fapore, five dentium ftupefaciendorum vi, five alis qui. buívis effectibus fuis fimilitudinem doct videtur, ut experientia demonftrat. Unde patet ulterius extractio. nem falis acidi ex eodem (anguine difficilem adcó hacte- nus ab omnibus exiftimatam re ipía fieri, fi docta, peri- taque manus non defir. Extracto & quafi per vim anulío. fpiritu illo, de quo jam dixi, ex intimis vifceribus falis fixi, ubi conclu{um, penitáfque obrutum latitabat, fub forma folidi quidem corporis, fed tamen in partes 'exiguiffimas divifi, confe- &um eft à me lixivium e refidua in fundo vafis materia, | ex quo binz drachms cum, dimidia, & grano uno falis ' fixi grifacei. fubalbefcentis edu&z fuere: iftud fal cum nullo liquido acido, faltem ad fenfum fermentefcebat, fi oleum vitrioli excipiatis ; id tamen ut fal acre, five al- kalinum purum, aut feré purum fpectandum eft ; quo- niam ad id, quod jam particulas fuas falino-acidas omnes, vel ferme omnes depofuit, accedit i(tud preterea, quod — fyrupo violaceo.priüs nonnihil. excalefa@o, & tiatturs: florum maluz viridem tribuit colorem, fublimatum cor- rofivum diflolutum precipitat, & cum oleo tartari nullo modo fermentatur. Adde quód nec vel tantillüm im- imutaf colorem tincture heliotropii, quam tamen acida omnia cüm folida tum liquida rubefaciunt. ... .. Quodam elapfo Tempore, poftquam 6 fixo acini - humani fale fpiritum acidum elicuificm, viridis recorda- tus fam coloris, quem aflumpierunt ultime gutt& {oir | tus fübrufi hojufmodi-liquoris, cum illum. à dvobas jam clapíss, a annis:ex alembico xneo difüllarem....| V iridis :au- | I d» 2321 PER, ( 228 ) tem, planeque porraceus color guttarum illarum fubrufi fpiritus fanguinis, med quidem fententia, (uam ducebat originem & quibufdam vitrioli particulis falino-acidis ig- nea vi ex ere alembici avulfis, & ipfis intimé admiftis : cum primum recordatio hujuíce coloris animum fübrep- fiffet ; hzc non levem mihi peperit anxietatem ; quoniam per liunc cafum, quem veriffimum etiam atque etiam teftor, vix dubitare mihi licuit, quin fanguis à me in vafe züeo.exficcatus, antequam in fornace figuli torreretur, permultas ex xre-1gme avulfas partes vitrioli falino-acidas intra textum fuum interius admififfet, que cum partibus ejus falino-acribus ftri&tiffimo ne dicam indiffolubili nexu copulate falfum efformaverant corpus,e quo fpiritus me- us acidus elicitus fuerat. | "Cum hac apud me, anxius fané, aliquandiu. medita- tus e(lem, & multüm dubitarem an cx fanguine humano, qui nullo extraneo fale acido gravidus effer, liquor acidus educi poflet ; rei tanti momenti veritatem indagare, & meum, fi quis effet, errorem detegere ftatui.. Quamo- brem falis fixi é fanguine humano à me ia vafis figulinis exficcato eruti unciam unam exattiffimé mifcui cum un- ciis tribus boli ficciffimi, & tenuiffimum in pulverem re- dai: mixtum hoc in retortam luto, uti folet, obductam immifi ; baac deinceps in chymica mea officina reverbe. rii farno impofui, '& cervici ejus adhibito, aptatoque ex- cipulo, atque juncturis vefica fuillà madefa&tà opertis, & rité obturatis, igne primum lento, ac deinceps gra- datim, quantum oportebat, aucto phlegmatis drachmam femiflem cum granis decem extraxi, drachmas vero tres fpiritus acidi primüm extracto fpiritui^ prorfüs fimilis: Hicce fpiritus dentes plurimüm ftupeficiens guftus judicio inter liquores omnes ácidos fere acidiffimus mihi videtur, & omnes omnino habet dotes, quas fpiritum acidum primo e fanguine elicium habere diximus. Feliciffimus hic meditationum mearum laborümque meorum fueceffus qui totam mentem meam blanda profe&tó letitiá perfudit, ; imple- s ( 229 ) implevitque, concepta omnia circa extraGionem falis acidi € fanguine dubia mihi abftulic penittiique dele- vit. Demum €refidua in fundo vafis materia lixivium con- feci, ex quo drachmas quinque (alis fixi fubalbefcentis ex- traxi- Hinc manifeflé paret me totum non clicuiffe Ípiritam acidum, quem elicere potuifíem e fale fixo, quod una cum bolo in cavitatem retortz intruíeram. Id autem ex animo fic factum eft, ne fcilicet fal fixum, cujus analyfin ruríus inftitueram, omnibus fuis partibus falino-acidis pror(us exveretur. Et vero illud omni fuo fale acido exvere nolui exploraturus fübinde «n quodam- modo difcreparet à fale fixo, é quo primum fpiritum aci- dum eduxeram, imo & tantüm eduxeram, quantum fup- peditare potuerst. Verüm nullum omnino inter bina hzc falia difcrimen obfervare licet. Siquidem ambo le- vem colorem viridem prorfus fimilem tribuunt tincture florum maluz ; & licetnullam, faltem fenfibilem, patian- tur fermentationem, cüm fpiritus nitri, aut vitrioli, aut quivis alius hujufce generis ipfis affanditur ; vehementer tamen & zqualiter fermentefcunt, cum una vel alterá- olei vitrioli gutta irrigantur. Ex his certo certius patet. fal fixum fanguinis humani in vafe eneo exficcati, € quo primà vice fpiritum acidum extraxeram, nullis partibus vitrioli falino-acidis gravidum fuiffe ; proptereaque ne- quaquam. dubitandum eft; quin prima Spiritus acidi & fanguine humano extractio undequaque vera exti- Ier. 0e —— Venit vobis fortaffe hoc loco in animum, viri clariffi- mi, fal acre-acidum, & f{piritum acidum edu@a é fangui- ne non trahi ex hoc liquore virtute ignea, fed ex igae ipfo, tanquam € materia, nunc primum gigni, ac effici: - fed experto credite. E (anguine perízpe ipfemet puro. - calentis folis ardore elicui {ubrufum fal faporis illo acrioris, qui in fale ignis vi extracto percipitur, quam majorem, . | | ur ( 230 ) ut ita dicam, acritudinem continuó aciditas linguz mani- fefta fublequitur: ac prioris quidem experimenti bac ratio eft, quod fol iliius falis acumina parum, ignis ve- ro multum obtundit; pofterioris autem hee, nimirum quód fal acidum volatile, cujus vi fanguis naturaliter fer- mentefcit ar&tiffime copulatur cum particulis falino acri- bus fanguinis ipfius paulatim refrigefcentis ubi e vafis fuis emiflus eft: Hi porró diverfi fales mutuo implexi difficilius longe à fe invicem feparantur calore folis be- nigno & dulci, quàm violento ignis ardore. Hinc fit, ut fal illud, de quo nunc Sermo habetur, acre-acidum fapiat, & vix cum fpiritibus acidis fermentetur, fi vitrioli oleum cxciplatis. De variis, quibus fanguis conftat, corporibus nihil bic dicam, viri clariffimi, cum propediem integram hujus liquoris analyfin toto triennio elaboratam in lucem daturus.fim. Nunc tantüm accipite quà via, quibufve adjumentis confecutus fim tandem juftam illam, nec non exactam proportionem quantitatis, quam corporibus illis natura tribuit. | -Primum igitur non unius aut alterius hominis fangui- nem, fed multorum, eorumque non fanorum modo, fed egrorum, non-ejuídem, fed diverfi ac diffimillimi tem- peramenti ad. exactas analyfeos regulas ita examinavi, ut ejufmodi liquoris principia, alia eb aliis, feparaverim, & quidem abíque ullà fubftantiarum jadurà. Operofum prote&ó ncgotium, & molis non parvze, fed felicitér ta- men meditando, vigilando, fudando tandem confectum; Illud igitur tanthm videbatür jam cfle rcliguum ad ha-- bendam quantitatem refpectivam illorum corporum; ut fingula feorfim revocarem ad trutinam; fed profeQo — plus aliquid requirebatur... Phlegma eniin, fpiritus füb- «ufus, & oleum fxtidum fecum partes falinas trahunt, - quas neque feparare licet, adeoque nec ponderare. -Phleg- ma igitur quoddam excogitavi, & compofuiomnimodam ! | habens (231) habens .fimilitudiaem cum veró phlegmate fanguinis, quod deinceps appellabo naturale, quamvis arte chymica | extractum,mifcui videlicet pondus dimidii grani falis vo- | latilis € fanguine humano educti cum ducdecim unciis agus fontanz difüllatz: Ac quamvis dux i'lx moles ita inter fe effent undecim mille quinginta viginti quinque ad unum, tamen aqua tota fic falis tantilli vim fenfit, uc ftatim. quidem leviffimum. candorem, & cxiguiffimum fetorem quemdam induerit ; mixta vero cum fyrupo violaceo ipfum poft aliquot horas viridem effccerit, & fublimatum corrofivum diffolutum precipitaverit. Hinc mihi primüm oborta ingens admiratio nature materiam ultrà quàm credi poteft dividentis; deindé {pes bona inveniendi quaxfitum phlegma. Nec fefellit {pes ; molitus enim multa nequicquam animadverti de- | nique duodecim uncias aque fontanz evadere omnino fimiles colore, odore, fapore, & fubftantiz modo phleg- mati fanguinis naturali, fi ejus, quod dico falis granum unum cum quadrante intra illas difíclvatur. Verum quo magis illam binorum hujufmodi phlegmatum fimilitudi- nem explorarem ; fumpfi utriufque moles duas perfe&é | squales, quas affudi feorfim duabus xqualibus inter {e mo- - libus tinctura florum maluz inclufis feorfim duobus vaf- | culis vitreis xqualis prorfus diaphaneitatis, magnitudinis, &figurz: tum vero utrique tincture viridis color re-- penté acceffit, & quidem alter alteri adeó fimilis, ut ni- hil omnino effet,vcl certé deprehendi poffet,inter utrum- que difcriminis. Ad hzc fumpfi ejufdem utriufque phleg- matis guttas duodecim, quas fingulas immifcui fingulis viginti quatuor guttis fublimati corrofivi diffoluti con-- tentis item duobus vafculis vitreis ejufdem prorfus diapha- neitatis, magnitudinis, & figure, ecce autem ex fubli- mati corrofivi gutte omnes eodem penitus ad fenfum - candore, lacteo fcilicet affectx vifz funt, atque mox in |. pulverem candidum «qualem zqualiter digi dne : : tet (232) ria, ut nihil magis; quare cum artificiale phlegma unum tantüm habeat falis volatilis granum cum quadrante, na- turale duodecim unciarum tantumdem quoque habet in fe, nec plus, nec minus. - L Quoniam veró arte natura rimanda eft, & notis ignota inveítiganda ; per confectum induftria fpiritum quemdam fubrufum aggreflus ad indagandum falis volatilis quanti- tatem {piricui fubrufo naturali ingenitam ; poft multa prius fruftrà tentata, repetitaque experimenta tandem animadverti ex viginti feptem granis falis volatilis fan- guinis in drachma una phlcgmatis cjus diflolutis exiftere liquorem colore, odore, fapore, modoque fübftantiz pe- nitus fimilem fubrufo fanguinis ipfius fpiritui, qui nihil eft aliud, quam phl:gma gravidum fale volatili, & prop- ter acuminatas falis ejufdem particulas, & paucum fibi admixtum fulphur, afperum & graveolens, imo & ido- neum ad effectus infra memorandos. Plenam porró, atque perfectam in omnibus inter illos ‘duos liquores (quorum primum artificialem, alterum ve- ró naturalem ípiritum fubrufum appello) fimilitudinem probare volens in fingulas duas eorum moles xquales vi- treis (cy phis contentas injeci quatuor guttas fpiritus vitri- oli ; unde zqualis omnino ex utraque parte fecuta eft fer- mentatio : deinde in duos fcyphos vitreos diaphaneitate, maguüitudine, atque figura pares, quorum uterque viginti guttas tin@ure Horum maluz continebat, utriufque li- quoris gutras quinque inftillavi; unde ftatim extiterunt in utraque tin&tura pulcherrimi colores duo virides {ma- ragdi inftar, & ita fimiles, ut quantumvis intentos ocu- _los grato errore deciperent. Denique guttas (ex. unifcu- juíque (pirituum eorumdem in vafcula duo infudi, quo- rum fingula quadraginta guttas fublimati corrofivi diffe- . futi habebant ; unde duo emerferunt colores candidi per- — Born JA ! fede — Patet igitur luce clarius illa phlegmata ita effe iater fe pa-- di | ( 235 ) feété fimiles, pera&aque prorfus fimilis precipitatio in pulverem coloris candidi aliquantulum rufi. Ex jam dictis perfpecta penitus, nec non explorata manet omnimoda fimilitudo inter duos fpiritus fübrufos fupra memoratos ; artificialem nempe, atque naturalem: Quamobrem quantum una drachma artificialis fpiritus continet in fe falis volatilis fanguinei (contiret autem gra- na viginti feptem) tantüm przcifé quelibet drachma fpiritus illius naturalis finu fuo complectitur. | Dum perfectam cognitionem quantitatis falis, quod oleum fzetidum fanguinis ex alembico vitreo diftillati fe. cum aufert, mihi comparare meditabar, ejufque indaga- tionem velut opus ingenii mei viribus prorfus impàr, & .à me nunquam conficiendum fpectabam {ciens induftria nulla componi poffe oleum fztidum artificiale, quod fufcepto meo prodefle poflet, uti phlegma, & fpiritus fubrufus arte facta huic antea profuerant ; peculiaris fz- tidi eju(imodi olei analyfeos inftituendz animum fübiit co-- gitatio, ut falis ejus quantitatem, fi fieri poffet, detege- rem, quz fola mihi detegenda fupererat, & cujus dig- noícendz, ut, quod res erat, dicam árdenti flagrabam defiderio. Voluit, fecitque deus, ut ad vota mea re- fponderet eventus. Peculiarem igitur pauco abhinc tempore olei fetidi fanguinis analyfin inftitui; & cuncta certe facta fuere, atque proceflere, uti mox dicturus fum: hujufce olei unciam unam cum unciis tribus boli ficciffimi, & in pul- verem fübtiliffimum redacti exactiffimé mifcui: mixtum illud in globulos exiguos divifum in parvam retortam lu- to munitam intrufi ; eamque deinceps retortam, cervici ejus convenientis magnitudinis excipulo, ut decebat ad- hibito, aptatoque, infurno reverberii collocavi, fa&ifque - ritu folito reliquis faciendis, igne leniffiimo drachmam fe- miffem cum granis decem phlegmatis limpidi à bolo fup- ! M Mm pecitati ( 234 ) peditati primum elicui 5 mutatoque excipulo, ftatim at- que prima gutta fpiritus fubruft fefe mihi in conípe-- Gum dedit, & altero in locum illius fabftituto utque par erat concinnato, unciam femiífem cum drachma íc- miffe & granis duodecim fpiritus fubrufi fpiritui fubru- fo artificiali fuperius memorato prorfus fimilis igne pau- lo intenfiori quàm antea eduxi ; poft modum olei colore, modoque fubftantiz omnimodam fimilitudinem habentis cum bile intra veficam felleam naturaliter. recondita drachmas deas & femifiem cum granis viginti & uno ig- ne intenfifümo «erui Antequam ulterius progrediar - Lie obiter notari velim, id difcriminis effe inter fpiritum fubrufum & oleum, de quibus nunc. agitur, quod fpiri- tus, ut pote folüm e phlegmate faleque conflatus, ignem extinguat, ut patet dum illius gutte quaedam carboni accenío affunduntur; oleum vero, quippe quod fulphu- reis & falinis tantüm partibus conftat, aque citó ac pul- vis pyrius fer€ aecendatur, totumque in flammam am- plffimam valdeque nitidam abeat, cum primum igni admovetur.: | Demum ex lixivio à me confecto € refidua in fundo vafis materia grana octo extraxi falis fixi. nigricantis, aéris humiditatem facile fufcipientis.,. & Linguam vehementer exafperantis, atque pungentis, quod. cum fpiritibus acidis fermentefccbat, & tin@iuram florum maluz viridem efficiebat. Ex jam .diétis facile atque manifeflé colligi poteft unciam illam fetidi olei fangui- nis, cujus analyfin exactiffimam inftitui, novemdecim tantum grana terre continere, quz cum bolo mixta re- manfere. | dnd dn et Et vero cum inter fpiritum fubrufum, ex. oleo. fetido fanguinis elicitum, & fpiritum fubrafum tum attificia- - lem, tum naturalem, de quibus antea fermonem habui, mec colore, nec odore, nec fapore, nec fubftantiz. modo, | | nec PUN o o | | nec effectibus ullis aliquid interfit difcriminis, ad firms. ter credendum adducor unumquamque fpiritus februfi de quo nunc agitur, drachmam, ut & drachmam quam- libet fpiritus fubruf naturalis € fanguine ipío eliciti, grana viginti feptem falis continere. Quod attinet. ad quantitatem falis impliciti, nexuque indiflolubili copu- lati cum ramofis particulis olei ex oleo fztido liquoris humanz vitz fontis educi ; hee facile, meo quidem judicio, detegi pote(t ; etenim cum hocce oleum fxtore & acrimonia proríus imi:etur fpiritum fübrufum, qui ex eodem, quo ipíemet, oleo fztido fanguinis educitur ; .acprztereà tincturam florum maluz eodem plané mo- do viridem faciat, neceffum ‘eft, nt unaqueque illius drachma grana viginti feptem falis volatilis intra textum fuum interius recondat, quz illud fztore, acrimonià, & qualitate illa, quà tinéture florum maluz viridem tribuit colorem, prorfus fimile reddant fpiritui "huic fubrufo, gui in diftillatione olei fztidi fanguinis ipfi moa (v ipi: ana age Habità ergo jam, planéque cognita ex fuperioribus quantitate falis volatilis, quam five phlegma, five fpiri- tus fubrufus, five oleum fztidum humani fanguinis fc- cum ferunt, cüm diftillantur, nemini prorfüs jam po- teft effe, nondicam ignota, fed ne dubia quidem ullo- modo jufta illa proportio ponderis, few quantitatis, qux: à natura inter ea ineft corpora, quibus fanguis humanus conftat feparari enim a fe invicem profecto poffunt, & quidem fine ullà imminutione fubftantie: Separavi enim ipfe fucceffu plan felici: "poffunt pariter femel feparata ponderari adeoque jufta fingulorum quantitas €x pondere haberi poteft, cà fcilicet cautione adhibit2, üt pondus falis phlegmate, fpiritu fubrufo, & oleo feti- do é fanguine elicitis contenti ponderi falis volatilis, & fixi ex eodem liquore {ub forma corporis folidi E Mim 2-72 educto- |o C236) £du&torum femper adjiciatur ; eà namque ratione verum pondus, adeóque vera proportio quantitatis fingulorum humani fanguinis principiorum facile haberi poterit, ut fufé planeque explicare conabor in eo, quem ad publi- cam lucein paro, tractatu integro de fanguine, cui co- mitem addam de temperamento hominis tractatum quo- que integrum. : Audire vos hoc loco mihi videor, Viri Clariffimi, quibus, fi datum effet mortali fcire omnia, nihil effet non notum (tanta eftis mentis acie, tanta fagacita- te ingenii ) audire vos inquam mihi videor, fic fortaf- fe objicientes. Sal extractum e fanguine, ac prafer- tim volatile fetidum eft; retinet igitur in fe fulphu- reas multas particulas, quarum nec pondus, proptere- àque nec vera poteft haberi quantitas ; quamobrem non- dum omnia fecifti, aut dixifti ad demonftrandam illam, quam jam diu quzris, proportionem quantitatis neceffa- ria, fed quxdam ad eam rem valde pertinentia przter- mififti? iftud quidem doe atque appofite à vobis mihi objectum fateor. "Verum quod in fale fanguineo reperi- tur fulphuris ita exiguum eft, ut nullius momenti effe videatur. Qua tamen de re plura, eaque, ut fpero, ad cuilibet fatistaciendum idonea, dicam in meo de fangui- ne tractatu. Interea ne quid vobis fubrepat dubii circa ca, quz fuperius attuli experimenta ; fic habete me co- ram teftibus cüm illuftribus, tum etiam eruditiffimis, omnique adeo exceptione majoribus geffiffe omnia. non fine aliqua, quod commemorare meum non eft, omni- um laude: Primüm quafi privatim coram multis me- dicis peritid & probitate infignibus ; tum coram illuftrif- fimis -prxfulibus; Archiepifcopo nempé | Albienfi, & Epifcopis Tomerienfi, Mirapifcenfi, Nemaufenfi, Mi- matenfi, Vaurenfi, & Alefienfi, & coram Domino de Bafville Regi à confiliis ordinariis, & occitanix miffo | CT ARS eae” oe i ( 237 ) dominico de me preclariffime merito, Domino de la Loubere, aliifque non paucis viris ingenio, & nobilitate preftantibus ; deinde palam, & in publica amphithea- 3 tri medici Monípelienfis luce, ia oculis clariffimorum medicine profefforum, omniumque {chole medica audi- torum, aliorumque graviffimorum, & digniffimorum {pectatorum. . Tn hoc frequenti certé & percelebri conceffu vifum prztereà eft pauca referre de infticuta tribus circiter abhinc annis peractaque accurate à me bilis analyfi. Quinta enim decima die menfis Februarii, anni 1696. €x ea prodire coegi phlegma quoddam ita limpidum, atque pellucidum, ut inter liquida nullum magis dein- de liquorem lacteum inftar lactis ipfius candidum eli- cui, tum alia quzdam corpora, quz hic pratereo ; de- . mum. obtutibus omnium circumftantium illud expofui . Phlegma, & aquam illam la&team, quz penes me adhuc eft integra, & omnis expers corruptelz, fed non jam ejufdem candoris: Magna mihi apud me ipfum de hujufmodi aqua fuit queftio, eóque tandem meditan- do adductus fum, ut plane crederem chylum ex bile ia tenuibus inteftinis diffufà volatile haurire Sulphur onu- ftum fale acri fimiliter volatili partibus fuis falino-acidis fere exuto, adeóque admodüm leni ; nec dubitavi affe- rere fulphure illo fale acri-acido leniffimo gravido, ac velut condito chylum albeícere, difponi ad fermentef- cendum in- cavitatibus cordis, & ad formam fanguinis facilias accipiendam przparari. Unde confequens eft bilem ab hepate ad inteftinum duodenum choledochi meatus interventu naturaliter amandatam novum. fin- gulis diebus, extra omne dubium, fuppeditare fermen- | tum mafte fanguinez , quod nativis illius. fermentis |. ( dummodo ipfa naturalis ab indole fua non defciverit ) - vigoreminfpirat, & eorum jacturas reparat ; atque oh i'i er- ino. C238 ) fermentationis naturalis ejufdem liquoris perennitati mi- rum in modum contert, Quam mentcm meam,fi non pe- nitus certam, admodum certé probabilem fequenti ex- perimento confirmavi. In drachmam unam bilis tepi- da recens e vefica fellis vervecis extracta, & intra col- lum infundibuli vitrei contentz uncias octo aquz fonta- nz imbutas exiguo vitrioli fpiritu injeci ; ftatimque aqua illa albedinem affumpfit fere la&cam, majorem affump- tura, fi quatuor falis abfynthii grana ipfi admifcuif- fem. Poftquam vero experiendi finem feci monui quod priüs compereram , nimirum phlegma quod- dam clicitum ex pane, quod fecum auiert in di- ftillatione fal acidum volatile, fi, qua par eft, copia in bilem projiciatur, lacteam quamdam foliditatem, lacte- amque colorenr acceríere. lllud phlegma tincturam heliotrepii, & florunt ma- luz rubefacit ; fed, quod majus eft, rufus panis ejuf- dem fpiritus cum fale tum fixo, tum volatili fanguinis diutiüs fermentefcit; quàm quivis alus fluor acidus. Unde maximum, ne dicam inexpugnabile defumitur argumentum dicendi magnam expane, quo potiffimüm vefcitur homo, falis acidi copiam educi, ut fufe alibi ex» plicabitur, quod una cum acido nitro a€reo jam jam me- morati liquoris fermentationi excitandz, atque fuftinen- dx plurimüm conducit. | Quid cogitem ego, quid fentiam de morbis profectis a bile malé temperata defluente in primum gracile in- teftinum, neque bic eft dicendi locus, neque, fi eflet, dicerem tamen. Sentio enim tandem, Viri Clariffimi, certé feriüs quàm decebat, me illectum, atque abre- ptum fumma colloquendi vobifcum jucunditate veniffe fenfim in oblivionem officii, & illud ipfum faflidium veftrum, quod initio {cribendi cavere imprimis decreye- ram, poft modum tamen longiori epiftolà incurriffe. Accedit -. cee (239) Accedit quod majorem partem vendicare mihi non fam veritus temporis iliius, quod vobis, & faluti publice debetis, ac redditis. Facti peüitet. Vos pro ea, qua nati eftis, tum humanitate, tum honeftate fumma, ig- nofcite mihi fervo veftro humillimo, & facite quefo, ut veftrum omnium ad me veniat judicium; de cunctis in medium hactenus à me allatis, que diligenti veftro exa- "mini (qui meus eft honos) lubens fubjicio : fi veftro mi- hi videantur digna calculo, hec, pro magno quo spud | me numero efits, velut principia nunquam ciruenda, at- | que adeo ipfifmet temporibus futuris femper coxva fu- | tura fpectabo : fin é contra id confequantur infortuni, | Ut nobis non probentur, quin potius naufeam pariant ea, | ut pete publica lucis ufurà prorfus indigaa, lethai flu- | munis undis fübmergi velim. — Valete. - "m « “ Monfpelit, die fexta menfis funii, anni 1698. fi * * PPS ot IV. Account i ( 249 ) IV. Account of a Book, La Meridiana del Tempio de S. Petronio , Gc. i.e. The Meridian Line of tbe Church of St. Petronio drawn and fitted for Aftronomical Obfervati- ons in the Tear 1655. revised and reftored in the Year 1695. by Signior John Dominico Caffini, Primary Aftronomer of the School of Bononia, Poutificial Mathematician, of tbe Royal Academy of Sciences, and K.S. Printed at Bononia 1695. in Twenty Two Sheets in Fol. N this Book (written in part by Signior Casi, whilft in /taly, but augmented and publifhed by Signior Do- minico Guglielmini after his departure thence) there is an Account given of the Occafion of the making of this Meridian Line by $. Caffuz, in the Year 1655. of the ^ Method of doing it, and of the Exaétnefs with which - it was performed at that time by him: Then of the Ufes that have been made of it, and of the Alterations that have happened to this Church fince that time, and of the Reftauration and Verification of it in the Year 1695. by the faid Signior Caff»; himfelf ; and laftly, of the Ufes that may be made of it for the future. | To this Difcourfe, which was written by Signior Ca/f- 2i himíelf, is adjoined a Difcourfe of Signior Dominico Guglielmini, Mathematician and Publick Lecturer of Bononia, giving an Account of the Operations made, and of the Inftruments imployed in this laft Reftauration of the faid Meridian Line. Is ( 241 ) In the v Section. S. Caffui fays; this P was the more confiderable, Zirf], becaufe it fell out to be made the Year before the latt Intercalation of the Gregorian Account (which was firft eftablifhed in the Year 1582. Since which time' no Intercalation has been omitted, but the firft is to be omitted inthe Year 1700. to reduce the Anticipation of the Equinodtia!s (ince that. time, and fo to make the Day of the Vernal Equinox to be the 21th of March) By which opportune Occur-- rence, this Line would afford a. proper means to obferve exadtly the time of the Sun’s Ingre(s into Aries, or of is pafling the Equino&tii| Circle. Secondly, Becaufe it would be a means for determining a Controverly now "much agitated among learned Men; to wit, Whether * the Pofitions of the Meridians and Parallels of Places on the Surface of the Earth, do really alter or not. For that not only the prefent Poftures of them are found very dif- fering from thofe affigned them by the ancient Geogra- _phers: But confiderable Differences.are alío found out . amongít the more modern Obfervations, as in the pre- . fent Meridian of @ranibarg, which has lately been found by Monfieur Picart, Erafmus Bartholinus, and others, to vaty 18 Mautes towards the Eaft, from that fixed - by the Noble Zycho Brebe, about 100 Years fince. And the great Pyramid of Egypt has been very lately found - to ftand in a Pofture that Two of its fidesdo refpeét the South. Now Signior Caffinz having found by this laft Re&ification of his Meridian Line, that both the Meri- dian and Parallel of Bononia, have not been altered or - changed now after 40 Years pace conceives that there - has not ever been any fuch Alteration as is (oppofed, _ but that thofe Differences that have been found at diftant "times, have been occafioned by the Defects or Miftakes “of the Obfervations themfelves: Whence he conceives that the accurate Aftronomer, Tycho, was miftaken in the Me Nn eG esi. cPolta- ! BA : ( 242 ) Pofition of the Meridian of Uraniburg. And asto the prefent Pofition of the Pyramid, he fuppofes it was at firít fo placed. Bat becaufe, notwithfianding his Obfervations, he found chat many. were of a contrary Sentiment, and that it had partly been occafioned by a Meridian formerly fix'd in this Church, he in thenext Seétion gives an Account of that old Meridian Line: and the occafion of the firft making of this (he fays) was for the rectifying thetime of Eafer, and the Feafts of che Church which depend upon the true time of the Vernal Equi- zox. Forshe Prelates of Alexandria (who when deputed bythe ~ Council of Nice to flate that time) found it then to be on the 21th of March. But Pope Gregory being informed that in his time it fell on the 11th of that Month, he altered the Julian Account, and made the 11th to be the 21th of the fame Month. This was the occafion that Ignatio Dante (Publick Le- &urer of Mathematicks at Bononia) firít made a Meridian Line in the Pavement of the Church of St. Petronio, in the Year 1575. Seven Years before the Alteration made of the san Account, and theeftablifhment of the Gregorian, in the Year 1582. But this Line of Damte’s having been found to vary from — the true Meridian of the Place, andfo to be ferviceable only — for the obferving of ‘the Solftices (it varying 8 or 9 Degrees — - from the North towards the Eaft) and it being füppofed to be — — fo mifplaced at firft by reafon of the Obftru&ion of the Pil- lars of that Church, was the occafion of Signior Caffn/s find- ing a fitter Place inthe fame Church, and of fixing there his — new Meridian Line, in the Year, 1655. the Place where, and | the manner how, hs hasmore particularly and fully exprefled — - in this Difcourfe. And becaufe it was of fo confiderable, and — as it were, of Sacred ufe to the Church (the Feafts thereof de? — pending on the Redtification of the time made by it) he names — all the eminent Aftronomers, who were his Concomitantsand — — Affiftants in the Operations, as Witnefles of the Exactnefs — of them. Afer this (he relates feveral Variations that havehap- _ pened to the Fabrick,fince he firft fixed thishis Meridian Line, — and thereby fhews the Neceffity and Ufe of the Reftauration and acjufting of it for the time to come, by which any far- — ther Alteration that may happen to that Building, or other- wife for the Future, may be fo far difcovered and remedied, | and the effential parts of this Line fo far reftored and re@ified, _ that they fhall be as effe&ual, asifno Alteration had happens 5 ed. EU aU) ed. The Ules of which will be not only to fhow the true | ' time of the Sun’s ingrefs into the Tropick and Equinodial | Points, but likewifeinto all che other Eight Signs; and fo will. ferve for the verifying and rectifying of the Calendar, the - fame being now fo placed, as that the Perpendicular height of the Hole, by which the Light isadmitted (which is an Inch in Diameter) is rooo Inches of the Parifian Foot above the: Pavement, and the-Meridian Line, which is as a Tangent to it,hasthe ''angent of 45 Degrees actually divided into rocose Parts upon one of the Marble Cheeks that border the Ruler ... or Lath of Iron that expreffes the Meridian Line in the Floor of the Ghurch,and upon the other Cheek.of Marble are mark- ed the Degrees, &c. of the Diftance of the Sun from the Ze- nith, whereon are allo marked the Places of the Signs of the. Ecliptick. From the Obfervations made by this Line, Sig. Caffini calculated his Tablesof Refractions, which have been fince verifyed by many other Obferyations, both of himfklf. Theíe Confiderations induced the Sentors of Boxonia (who had the Care of the Edifice of St.Perrozio committed to them). to be.at the Charge of repairing the faid Meridian Line, and to take care that it fhould be preferved forthe future.For which . intent they not only caufed the Inftiuments madeufe of inthe fixing this Line to be fafely. preferved, but they alfo defired. Signior Guglielminé to make fo perfect a Defcription of them, that in cafe of their Decay, ic might be known how to fup- | ply and make ufe of them for this Purpofe for the future. . - Which intention and Defire the faid learned Profeffor has ful- ly profecuted and compleated in his Difcourfe fubjoined to that of Signior Cajfini, and he hathalfo added fome ufeful Ta- - ples, as that of the parts of the Radius, anfwering to the Di- vifions of the Tangent into Degrees, Minutes, ec. Secondly, Thofe of the Refra&ions and Perallaxes of the Sun at feve~ — ral Altitudes. 74:rdly, A Table of Declination of every Point. of the Eciiptick, anfwering to the Minutes of Declination . for the prefent Obliquity of the Ecliptick, which he: makes: | to be 23°. 29’. 12". He adds alfo, That he himfelf by acurate | Obfervations, finds the height of the Pole at that Church to | be 44°. 30. 15°. which is 1. 15”. greater than what S. Caf- - . fm bad found it in the Year 1655. All which Particnlars,. and divers other very remarkable, may be found in the Boek | it elf, to which therefore 1 refer the Reader. V. A: ey ( 244 ) V. A Catala; JA Books lately fare not wmen- tioned tin vos M rie iris o Nícriprione: Grece PA diwiddortin cum Scholis & Nibrioid- tio: ibis Ecwardi Bernardi, & Thome Smithi, Trajea. ad Rhen, 1698. 8vo Joh. Perri Erici "Ky eddy key oppure, five humane lingue ge- néfis partis r.tomaus 1. Venct. 1697. in 4to. L’Anatomie du corps humain, & inflitution de medecine contenant ce qu'il faut faire pour conferver ou pour recou- vrer la fante Par.2.Vol. in 12mo. par le prieur de Saint Hilaire. Portrait hiftorique de l'Empereur de la Chine, prefente au roy par le P. Jean. Bouvet de la Compagnie de Jetus Miffio- naire dela Chine. ib. 1697. in 12mo. Lettre de M. Barthelemi Linand. M. D. ecrite le 15. Od. 1696. ou il repond a quelques objections qu'on a faites contre fon livre des eaux minerales de Forges. ib. 1698. in 8vo. Journal | du voyage des grandes Indes, contenaut tout ce qui s'y eft fait & paífe par l'eícadre de fa Majefte envoyé fous le ccommandement de M.de la IAE Orleans, 1697. in 12mo0. r VL Extra&is out of fome late Accounts a and Letters. ~ Mo ieur Lemery has printed at Paris a Book tra Hiftoire univerfelle des drogues. Moreri’s Dictionary is reprinting at Pars in Four Volumes in Fol. and will be finifhed in Five or Six Months. ne LONDON: Printed for Sam. Smith, and Benj. Walford, Printers to the b M Society, at the Prince s Arms in cela 5 Church-Yard. 1698. — ~ € 245 Dy | Numb.2.435; PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. For the Month jf July, 1698. The CONTENTS. I. An Objfervation of Two Boys bit by a. Mad Dog 5 Communicated by Dr. Martin Litter, Fell. of the Coll. of Phyf. and R. S. IL 4 Letter.of. Dr. John Wallis to Samuel Pepys E/q; relating to fome fuppofed {Imperfections iz - 4n Organ, WL .4 Letter from Dr. William — Mafgrave, Fellow of tbe Coll. of Pbyf and R. $.to Dr. Sloane, concerning a Periodical Palfy. IV. Of the Pofture-Mafter. V. Au Account of fome Effects of Papaver Corniculatum lu-. teum, &c. By Mr. Ja.Newton. - Vl. Part of @ Letter from Sir Robert Sibbald , to Dr. Sloane, concerning feveral Stones veided by a Boy, &c. VII. Part of a Letter written by Roelof Diodati, Swpreaw Direttor of tbe | Council of Mauricius ; to Mr. Witfen, Bar- 2o qger-Mafler of Amfterdam, and F.R S. dated | the 8tb of Auguft, 1697. concerning an ex- traordinary fesnduticv in that Ifland. | ON eae Oo Eu ( 246 ) I An Obferwation of Two Boys bit by a Mad — Dog, Communicated by Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Coll. of Pbyf. and R.S. | A Bout the laft of Ofober, 1679. it happened that Two Boys of Ten and Nine Years Old, of a San- guin and Cholerick Complexion, did touch and handle the Head of a Dog which had been wounded by a Mad Dog, which by the haridling and wafhing of his Wound by the Children, the Dog fo wounded was healed, and did not become Mad. But about May, 1680. the Children became fo unwell, and were fcized with a paining Grief towards the bottom of their Bellies, which did grind and torment them with Pain aud Trouble, which afcended gradually upwards to- © wards their Navil. | And about the Firft of Fuly, together with the fore- faid Grief, they were taken with a flow Flux, and with Fainting Fits by times, when the fore-faid Pains affault- ed them. After they had continued thus for a time, their Pain and Grief afcended towards and above the Stomach, whereupon followed very violent and Convul- . | five-like Motions in their Bodies, efpecially about the Stomach and Belly; by which they were toffed and — tumbled aad. difturbed in the whole Body, with fome . — foaming at tbe Mouth, in the interim of their Fits; now — and then thefe Symptoms continued and increafed until — tlre latter end of Zaguff -that they were taken with the —— Fear of Water, and could not indure to look into any | Liquid . | Ce ee eee C . Liquid thing, until the Cup was covered, but forthwith. - would have fallen down as dead, and fo would have layn a little time as in a founding or dead Fit ; and then would have tumbled and toffed in the fore-faid violent Motions and Diftra&tions of their Bodies, moaning and groaning; and ordinarily, the Eldeft efpecially, ínarled, barked, and endeavoured to bite like a Dog, they continued in this Fit for an gr fometimes, and fometimes lefs, and fo came out of the Convulfive-like Motions, lying as it had been in a Sound, a little before they came out of the Fits, and when they did come out of the Fits, would have Cropen away in a feared manner from any who had been: by them: and thus within an Hour, or little more, they. . ‘came fo out of their Fits, that they were alfo weil and: as much theméelves as ever. Obferve that they both took che Fits and came out of .. them at the fame time; as foon as the Eldeft fell in, ime mediately the Y oungeft took the Fit, and when the Eldeft - began to come out of the Paroxifm or Fit, the Youngeft: became forthwith well. And thus they remained under- the faid Symptomes until the middle of Sepzem£er, eve- - ry Day taking the faid Fits, in which they could not: {peak, and in their Intermiffions were astowardly and in. | their Wits as ever. i But about the middle of Septeméer, about which time, . efpecially their Barking and fnarliog like a Dog came, —_ they became more wild ; fo as for {ome Days now and. then, even whilft out of their torturing Fits, they would | potendure any Company, no not fo much as to come : - pear one the other, but would have fled from all others; . fo from one another, and thus continued of this Difpofi- tion for a Week; and thea the Eldeft drew near his Fa- ther, faying as one furpriz d, Father, 1 am weZ; and * ; ez: CAs), "a . ^ "heand the other became forthwith well, that they would — not only converfe with Friends and others, but alio look into. the Water without any tear; and as well in their Wits and Memories as ever, and fo continued to be well for 'Three or Four Days, and after that fell ill again, and remained ill Six or Seven Days, at the end whercof they became well, in faying as formerly on a fuddain to their Father, Father, J am well; and thus me well about the end of September, and continued both well as ever they were, tothe Apprehenfion of all On-lookers, until - the end of Fanuary, that the Eldeft had fome Fits like the former; but the Youngeft remained well ever fince September. OH Obferve, that (ometimes in zugu/?, when the Symp- tomes did*fo appear as the Learned took up the Diftem- per to flow from the Poifon of a Mad Dog, there were Dofes of Antimony and Mercurius Vite preícribed which | accordingly was adminiftred, together with Antidotes of : Venice Treacle, Powder of Crabs Eyes, and other things. | Ani € 249 ) A Letter of Dr. John Wallis zo Sa- muel Pepys E/quire, relating to Some fuppofed \mperfections im an Organ. | A x. Harris an Organ-maker ( whom I find, by the little difcourfe I had with him, to be very well skilled in his profeffion ) was lately with me, as by direction from you, to ask my opinion about perfecting an Organ, in a point wherein he thinks it yet Imperfect. | "[ianhonour you pleafe to put upon me, to think m opinion confiderable in a thing wherein I am fo little acquaint- ed as that of an Organ. | 7 I do not pretend to be perfectly acquainted with the Stru- Gure-of an Organ, its feveral Parts, and the Incidens there- unto; Having never had Occafion and Opportunity to inform my felf particularly therein. And, for the fame reafon, many of the Words, Phrafes, Forms of Speech, and Terms of Art, which are familiar to Organifts and Organ-makers, are not fo tome. Which therefore I fhall wave; ( For tll we perfedtly underftand one anothers Language, it is not eafy to {peak intel- ligibly;) and apply my felf directly to what is particularly ropoted. o: | This ( I take it ) is evident; Thateach Pipe in the Organ 1s intended to exprefs a diftin& Sound at fuch a Pitch; That is, in füch a determinate Degree of Gravity or Acutene/s ; or (as itis now called ) Flaine/s or Sbarpuefs. And the Relative or Com- parative Confideration of Two ( or more ) fuch Sounds or De- erees of. Flatnefs and Sharpnefs, is the ground of ( what we call ) Concord and Difcord ; that is, a Soft, or Harfh, coincidence. Now, concerning this, there were amongít the Ancient Greeks, ‘Two ( the moft confiderable ) Sec?s of Muficians : the Zfriftoxenians, and the Pythagorzans. ; : They both agreed thus far; That 274-/effaron and Mitis ( 250 ) - do together make-up Ma je ; that is (as we now fpeak ) a Fourth and Fifth do together make an Eighth or Offave: And, the Difference of thofe two (of a Fourth and Fifth ) they agreed to call a Jone; which we now call a Whole uote. ." Such is that, ( in our prefent Mufick,) of La Mz, ( oras it was wont to be called, Re 747.) For La fa fol la, or Mz fa fol Ia, isa perfect: Fourth: And La fa fol la mi, or La mt fa fol la, is.a perfect Fifth :. The Difference of which, 1s. La mu. Which is, what the Greeks call, the Diazeudick Tone ;-which doth Dis-join two Fourths ( on each fide of it; ) and, being added to either of them, doth make a Zzfzb. Which was, 1n. their Mufick, that from Mefe to Paramefe ; that is in our. Mufick, from Ato B: fuppoling. J to 'íland in .B fa b m1, which is accounted its ZVazara] pofition. 1 Now, in order to this, 74rz/foxeuus and his Followers, did take, that of a Fourth, as a Known Zuterval, by the judgement of the Ear ; and, that of a /ftA, likewife; And confequently, that of an Ocave, as the Aggregate of both; and that of a 4 one, as the Difference of thoíe ‘Two. And this of a Tone ( as a kuown Lnterval ) they took as a common Meafure, by which they did eftimate other Intervals. And accordingly they accounted a, Fourth to contain Jwo 7 ones and an half,a Fifth to contain Three 7 ones and an half,and con- Íequently an Azghth to contain Szx Tones, or Five Tones and two Half-tones. And itis very near the matter, though not ex- exactly fo. P And at this rate we commonly {peak at this. day; fuppofing an OcZave to confift of Zwelve Hemitones,or Half-notes. (Mean- ing thereby, fomewhat. near fo many half-notes: ) But, when we would fpeak more Nicely, we do not take thofe fuppofed flalf-notes to be exactly ual, or each of them juft the Haff of a Fusl-note, fach asisthat of La-mi. = Pythagoras and thofé who. follow him, not taking the Ear alone to be a competent Judge in.a cafe fo nice ;- chofe to diftin- guilh thefe, not by Zutervals, but by Proportions, And accord- ingly they accounted that of an OZave, to be, when the degree of Gravity or Acutenefs of the one Sound to that ofthe other, is Double, oras 2 to 1; that ofa Fifth, when it is Se/guz-alzer, or as 3 t0 2, ; that ofa Fourth when Se/gui-tertian, or as 4, to. 3. Ac- counting ‘That, the Sweeteft proportion, which is. exprefled in the Smalleft Numbers ; and therefore ( next to the Wui/one ms | 0 | | ( 251 7 ofan Ofave; 2 to: 1 ; then that of 2 77/25, 3 10/2, ; and then that of a Fourth, 4 to 3. uio : | And thus, that of a Fourthand Fifth, do together make an Eighth; Forixi-i-t-o. That is, four thirds of three balues, 1s the fameas four halves, that is Two, Or ( in other. words to the fame fenfe ) the proportion of 4.to 3, compounded with that of 3 to 2, 1s the fame with that of 4 to 2, or ato rz. And, confequently, the Difference of thofe Two, which is that of a Tone or Full-Note, is that of 9 to 8. For $)2(8; that is, - three balves divided by four thirds, is uzue eigbts ; or, if out of the proportion of 3 to 2, we take that of 4 to 3 ; the Refult is that of -9 to 8. : ! » : Now, according to this Computation, itis manife(t, That an O&ave 1s lomewha: lefs than Szx Fauf-uotes. For (as was firlt demonítrated by Eachde, and fince by others ) the Proportion of 9 to 8, being fix times compounded, is fomewhat more than ^ that of 2 to r. For àx$xàxix2x4— 33H, is more than 262144 \ Many attempts were made to this purpofe: And , according to thofe, they gave Namesto the different Gezera or Kinds of Mufick, ( the Diatonick, Chromatick, and Enarmonick Kinds, ) with the. feveral Species, or lefler Diftinctions under thofe Ge- nerals. All which to enumerate, would be-too large, and not ne- ceffary to our bufinefs. ; | 7 - The firft wasthat of Hachde ( which did moft, generally ob- tain for many ages : ) Which allows to Za fol, and to So//a, the full proportion of 9 to8 ;. And. therefore. to. Fa fol /a ( which we call the greater. 7 hird,) that of 81 to 64.(For3x3—=#.) And, coniequently, to that of 247 fa ( which 1s the Remainder toa Fourth ) that of 256 to.243. For & )2( 325; that is, if out of the proportion of 4. to 3,we take that of 81 to 64, the Refult is that _ of 256 to 243. To this they gavethe name of Lemma (ade) Pp 2 that ( 252 ) | that is, the Remainder ( to wit, ovér and above Two ate) But, incommon difcourfe ( when we do not pretend to {pea nicely, nor intend to be fo underftood ) it is ufual to call it an Hemitone ot Half- [Note (as being very near it ) and, the other, two Whole-Notes. And this 1s what Prolemy calls Diatonum Ditonum, (of thé Diatonick kind with Two full Tones.) ——— Againtt this, it 15 objected ( as not the moft convenient: Divi- fion, ) that the Numbers of 81 to 64, are too great for that of a Ditone ot Greater Thirds Which is not Harfh to the Ear ; but is rather Sweeter than that of a fingle Zone, who's propor- tion 1s 9 to 8. And 1n that of 256 to 243, the Numbers are yet much greater. Whereas there are many proportions (as 3, §, 2, 5;) in fmaller numbers than that of 9 to 8; of which, in this divi fion, there is no notice taken. "To reCtify this, there is another Divifion thought more con- venient ; which is Ptolemy's Diatonum Intenfum (of the Dia- tonick Kind, more /ufenfe or Acute than that other.. ) Which, inftead of ‘Two Full tones tor Fa fol la, aflignes ( what we now call) a Greater anda Leffer Tone; (which, by the more nice Mu- ficians of this and the laft Age, feems to be more embraced ; ) Affigning to Fa fol, that of o to 8 ( which they call the Greater Zone :) and to Sol /a, that of 10 to 9, (which they call the Le/fer Tone:) And therefore to Fa Ja ( the Ditone or Greater Third ) that of $ to 4.. ( For '$x4—'$—32. ) And confequendy , to Mi fa ( which is remaining of the Fourth ) that of 16 to 15. For 2)4(4§. That is; if out of that of 4 to 3, we take that of $ to 4, there remains that of 16 to 15. dug Saisie trie e . Many othér waies there are (with which Tfhall not: trouble ‘you at prefent ) of dividing the’ Fourth or Dia-téffaron, ot the proportion of 4 to 3, into three parts, anfwering to what ( in a - loofer way of Expreffion) we call an Ha/f-note, and two Whole- notes. But this of 1$ x2 x94, as that which is now received as the moft proper. ‘To which therefore I fhall apply my difcourfe. Where $$ is (what we call)the ZZesitoue or Half-note,in MM fa; 2 that of the Greater-Tone,in Fa foland? the LefSer-T one,in Sol Ia. Onely with this addition ; That each of thofe Tones, is (upon occafion ) by 7/a7s and Sharps ( as we now fpeak ) divided into two Flemitones or Half-notes: Which anfwers to what by the Greeks was called Mutatio quoad Modos(the changeof Mood;) — | and what isnow done by removing 74; to another Key. Namely Thus, SHS xg; and gay = qot «(C 233") Thus, by the help of Flats and Sharps (dividing each W hole-note, be it the Greater or the Leffler, into two Aa/fnoetes, or what we call fo, ) the whole Ofave is divided into Twelve Parts or Intervals ( contained between Thirtéen Pipes ) which aré commonly called Fremitones or Alalf-notes. Not, that each is preeifely Ala/f a Note, but fomewhat near it, and fo called. And I fay, by Plats and Sharps, For fometime the one, fome- time the other, is ufed. As, for inftance,.a Flat in D, ora (00 bar) iR/C,' do either of them denote a Afdhing Sound (tho'* not precifely in the Midft ) between "^C and D ; Sharper than | | wee. @j and Flatter than D ^^ is ' eee Had i .." Accordingly ; fuppofing 4% to {land in B fa b m7 (whith is accounted its Natural feat ) the Sounds of each Pipe are to béar thefe. proportions to each other, viz; ' ge fa KE qu de Ta fed SE Wo EO! SU Be Spy © s" ae pS BT TO al Tyg OR GE 16 20 18/617 15 19 15/139 N16 And [o in each Octave fucceflively following. And, if the Pipes in each Octave be fitted to founds in thefe proportions of Gravity & Acutenefs ; it will be fuppofed ( according to this Hypothefis) to be pesfectly proportioned... ..- But, inftead of thefe fucceffive proportions for. each Hemi- tone; it is found neceflary ( if I do not, miltake the praétife) fo to order the 13 Pipes ( containing 12 Intervals. which they call Hemitones.) as that their Sounds ( as to Gravity & Acute- nefs) be in Continual Proportion, ( each to its next following, “an one and the fame Proportion ; ) which, all together, fhall . compleat that of an Octave or Dia-pafon, as 2 to 1... W hereby. it comes to país, that each Pipe doth not exprefs its proper |. Sound, but very near it, yet fomewhat varying from, it; |... Which they call Bearing. Which is fomewhat of Imperfection. |. in this Noble Infirument, the Top of all. — ; a : t » (254) It may be asked, Why may not the Pipes be fo ordered; as to have their Sounds in juft Proportion, as well as thus Bear- Up t y anfwer, It might very well be fo, if all Mufick were Com- pofed. to the fame Key, or (as the Greeks call it ) the fame Mode. As, for inftance, 1f, in all Compofitions, 74i were al- waies placed in B fa b mi. For then the Pipes might be or- dered in fuch proportions as I have now defigned. But Mufical Compofitions are made in great variety of Modes, or with great diverfity in the Pitch. JM is not al- ways placed in B fa b mi; but fometimes in E. /a mi; fome- times in A /a mire, &c. . And (1n. fumme ) there is none of thefe 12 or 13 Pipes but may be made the Seat of 7/;,... And if they were exactly fitted to any one of thefe cafes, they would be ‘quite out of order for all the reft. As, for inftance; If 747 be removed from B fa b mi ( by a Flat in B ) to E a mi: Inftead of the Proportions but now defigned, they. muft be. thus. ordered ; Budge Cog D4 EF G W ab fa # fol Hla mi fa # fol 4 la fa ke OR IE eee HR ox E Where ’tis manifeft, that.the. removal of-75;- doth quite difor- der the whole feries of Proportions. And the fame would again happen, if zzz. be. removed from E. to A (by another Flat in E.) And again if removed from A to D. And fo perpetually. As | But the Hemitones being made all Equal; they do indif- ferently anfwer all the pofitions of 24 (though not exactly to any :) Yet nearer to fome than to others. Whence it is, that the fame ‘Tune founds better at one Key than at another. - It 15 asked, Whether this may not be remedied ; by inter- pofing more Pipes ; and thereby dividing a Note, not only (as now) into ZZa/f-mozes, but into Quarter-uotes or Haff- X quarter-zbtes, Gc. 005 c dint hts aerpolagr rir eoi Ianfwer; It may be thus remedied in part ; ( that is, the Imperfection might thus be fomewhat Lefs, and the Sounds fomewhat nearer to the juft Proportions: ). but it can never be exactly true, fo long’ as their Sounds ( be they never fo e£ ORTA Pp rwn T ERE] | ( 255 ) many ) be, in continual proportion ; that is, each to the next fubfequent in the fame Proportion. ely For it hath been long fince Demonftrated, that there is no fuch thing as a juft Hemitone practicable in Mufick, (and the like for the divifion of a ‘Tone into any number of Ezual parts; three, four, or more.) For, füppoling the Proportion of a Tone or Full-note, to be (or, as 9 to: 8; ) that of the HHalf-note mutt be as V9 to V8 ( as the Sguare-root of ^9 to’ the Square-root. ot 8 ; that is, as 3 t0: /8, or 3 to 24/25) which are Lucommenfurable quantities. And that. of a Quarter-note, . as ¥qq9 to ¥qq 8, (as the Arguadrate root of o, to the &- uadvate root of 8,) which 1s yet more /ucommenfurate. And the like for any other number of Equal parts. ..\Which will therefore never fallin with the Proportions of Number to Number. | | | So that this can never be perfectly adjufted for. all Keys ( without fomewhat of Bearing ) by multiplying of Pipes; un- lefs we would for every Key (or every different Seat of 74; ) have a different Set of Pipes, of which this or that is to be ufed, according as (in the Compofition ) 44% is. fuppofed to Ítand in this or that Seat. Which vaft number of Pipes ( for every Octave) would vaflly increafe the Charge. And (when all is done ) make the whole ampracticable. alt ac Thefe are my prefent thoughts, of the Queftion propofed to me, and upon thefegrounds. - You will pleafe to excufe me for the trouble T give you of fo long a Letter. ^ . SEG | | Te - Ithought it neceffary, to give a little intimation of the Anci- ent Greek Mufick.compared with-what is now’ in’ practife ; which is more the fame than moft men are aware of : though the Language be very different. But I was not to be large in it. Thofe who defire to know more of it ; may fee my thoughts . more at large, in that Appendix which I have added at the end of my Edition of Ptolemy's Harmonicks in Greek and Latin... Thetwo Eminent Sects amongít them,the Ar7/fovenzan and the Pythagorian, differ much at the fame rate as doth the Language . of our ordinary practical Muficians, and that of thofe who treat of it in a more Speculative way. Our Practical Muficians talk of Notes and Alalf-nores, jult as the Ariffoxenians did ; as if the Whole Notes were all Equal’; and the Fla/f-notes likewife each the juft Half of a Whole ing Ja | ( 216 ) "And thus it is neceflary to fuppofe im the Pipes-of an Organs wea have each their determinate Sound eat not "uel rected, in their little Inequalities, as the Voice may be by the guidance ofthe Ear. X 5 But Pythagoras and thofe who follow him found (by the Ear) that this Equality ‘of Intervals would:not exactly anfwer the Mufical Appearances, in Con¢ords and Difcords: juft as our Organifls and Organ-makers be now aware; that their Pipes at equal Intervals do not give the juft defired Harmony, without fomewhat of Bearing, that is,. of fome little variation from the juft Sound. | The Pythagorians, to help this, changed the notion of nw £ntervals into that of due Proportions, And this is followe Zarline, Keppler, Cartes, and others who treat of Speculative Mufick in this and the laít Age. And though they fpeak of Notes and Half-notes ( ina more grofs way ) much as others do, yet declare themíelves to be underflood more nicely. . And though our prefent Gam-ut take no notice of this little diverfity ; yet, in Vocal Mufick, the Ear direéts the Voice to a more juft proportion. And, in String Mufick, it may in like manner be helped by {training and flackening the Strings, ot . moving the Frets. But, in Wind Mufick, the Pipes are not capable of fuch correction ; and therefore we muft be content with fome little irregularity therein ; that fo they may tolerably anfwer ( though not exactly ) the different Compofitions ac- cording to the different placing of AZ in the Gam-ut. . Now the Defign of Mr. ZZarris feems to be this; either (b multiplying) intermediate Pipes) to bring the Organ to a ‘aft Perfection: Or elfe (af that cannot be done) to reft content with the little Imperfection that is; which though, by more Pipes, it may be tomewhat abated, yet cannot be merely re. medied. And in this I think we muít acquiefce. Fu ee once etm | + uc Yours to ferve you Oxford jute. ve Nt | | 27. 1698. : | t. | | | ^ Joun Warris (257^) JL 4 Letter from Dr. William Mulgrave, | Fellow of the Coll. of Pbyf. and R. 8. te Dr. Sloane, concerning a Periodical Pally. A Periodical Palfy, you will aliow, isa very unufual Diftemper, 1 do not remember either from Books or Men, to have met with more than Two Inftances of it. The German Ephimerides (Dec. 1. Annis 9. 09 10. iterumque Dec. 2. A. 3.) mention a young Man in the Dutchy of Wirtealurg, who, for the Space of Twelve Years, fpoke only One Hour in the Four and Twenty ; - and that always at the fame time, viz. between Twelve and One of the Day. The other Inftance has fallen within my own Obfervation : Being well acquainted with the Particulars of it, I will Report it to you: I was in zíwg4//, 1687. deíired, by a poor Woman at Affrop-M'e//s, to look on her Daughter. They both came from Stow in Glocefterfbire (as they had often done) - for Work. The Daughter was about Twenty One, of a Sanguin Complexion ; and, as to private Matters, weil enough: She had been for feveral Days lefs Active than ufual; and after that, had (a Week before I faw her) loft her Speech, and the Ufe of her Legs: She reel’d like a Perfon Drunk, and was (by thofe who knew not her Condition often taken to be fo; but, I think, un- joftly ; for fhe had neither Money nor Intereft to make her fo. In her Legs there was little or no Senfe of Feeling; her Left Leg was drawn up as in a violent Cramp. i Her Ruddy Sanguin Look dircéted Bleeding; but — that did not relieve her. I then gave her Spirit of Sal Armon. Saccinated, Steel with Gentian, Amber, Caftor, Ee je ee and other warm Cephalics. . A Blifter was laid on her moe eg | Neck | | ( 258 ) Neck. A Bath (of Wormwood, and other hot Herbs) prepared for her Legs; Ong. Martzatum uíed to anoint - them after Bathing. | | *. By thefe Means, fhe was, in the Space of Three Days, able to fpeak again ; and ina little time, by the Help of Crutches, able to go. But then omitting the Medicines, tho' but one Day, loft her Speech again ; and, return- ing to them (efpecially the Spirit) recovered it as 100B. When notable to fpeak, fhe had a manifeft Altera- tion in her Face; the Strength and Tonick Vigour of it abated ; her Eyesgrew Dull, her Lips Pale. I have in this Juncture given her Thirty Drops of the Spirit: In the Space of Two Hours the Change hasbeen furpri- — fing; her Eye has quickened, a Colour come over her ~ Face, her Speech return'd..— n. In July, 1699. I was again at Afrop; whither the Mother (encouraged by the Succefs ot the laft Year's Phy fick) brought her Daughter to me, and gave me the following Account of her, viz. That after the Phyfick.— I had (the Year before) prefcribed her, was all fpent ; - Her Speech, and the Ufe of her Legs left her; firft in September, 1687. particularly on a Zuefday, about Noon ; that it return'd the Saturday following, near the fame — : Hour : and: that from Michaelmas, 1687. tothetimeof — our Diícouríe (which was on July 18 following) her Speech aud Strength of Legs obferved the fame Period (of going off ou Zuefdays every Week, and returning | on Saturdays) with only Two Exceptions, viz. That . once they. returned on a riday, another time not before — Susday. —- : | d She tells me, That her Daughter was, the preceding Winter, very Weak, and in Danger of Death; That her Appetite was much abated ; That fhe fometimes»chofe ~ to eat Dread, Water, and Salt, boyld together; That i | now, © (259) now, as witha Summer came on, fhe recovered fome = | gree “of Strength ; That fhe ‘nad loft no Seite at any lime, beíides that of Feeling; which was by the frit quantity of Medicines, refiored An. and without Relapfes: 5o |. Junderftand from her, That the Meifes were eregubr, as to Period; but as to*Quantity unequal; with this farther - Obfervable, That when they were moft, fhe — (the Daughter) was worft. I was infotm'd alfo, That before her Speech ufed to go off, the conftantly loft, for an Hour's Space, the Ue _ of her Left Arm; That when her Speech was leaving - her, fhe would ftammer out fome few Words, and after this, on a fudden, became Mute: That v hen, not able to fpeak, fhe often moan'd, and made a melancholly, complaining Noife: That, her Speech did ufe to return (asit went off ) all on a fudden, and at once. She always had, as her Speach ceasd, and Two Hours . afterit was gone, a pain in her Left Side, including Arm . and Leg: Her left Foot was then Drawn up, as before- mentioned : Her Face was high colour'd when fhe loft . her Speech, pale when it return’d: No 5 ot her Bo- _ dy wither’d, but fhe whole ; was generally cold. "Some time before fhe was at firft ftruck Speechlefs, her Hands ufed to Tremble, but have been of late more {teddy : Nor was fhe now fo Dull and Heavy as former- ly; but for the generality more Brisk and Chearful than - in her State of Health... ‘ - . When fhe has her Speech fhe goes beft but 1s always forcid to ufe a Stick, being never able to go fteddily : . She {peaks by Intervals, as diftinétly as ever, and as loud ; . can fing, when capable of ieu ng ; but at no other - time. | Qc 2, A This B ( 260 ) This Account the Mother gives me of her Daughter, delivering it with a great deal of Country Simplicity ; which recommended what fhe faid. As to her felf, I found fhe fometimes had convulfive Fits; and tho’ a poor labouring Woman, was extreamly Hyfterical. lat the fame time obíerv'd the Daughter, to have a pale fickly Look; a heavy Eye, alow Pulíe; and to be much wafted in Flefh. She continued in my Neighbour- hood about Two Months. Curiofity (as well as Chari- ty) prompted me to fee her often. I did fee her almoft every Day for the whole time. I made both Mother and Daughter frequently. repeat to me, the manner of the Fits, and (by crols Interrogatories ) endeavoured to catch them in differing Stories: But their Accounts were, in Subftance always the fame. I endeavour’d to diícover fome Matter of Fact, which might difprove them; and to that Intent examin'd thofe who were near them: Bat could light on no fuch Inftance. I then repeated the former Courfe, furnifhing her with large Quantities of her old Medicines; and {fo dif- milsd her, with Orders to let me hear again from her, when the Phyfick fhould be ail (pent. : In September, 1688. fhe came (with her Mother) from Stow to Oxon, (that is almoft Twenty Miles) on Foot; thank'd me for what I had directed her, and beg’d a farther Supply of Medicines. She accordingly had them, and by the roth of Nov. following, was grown ftrong, and to all Appearance, well as ever. — For Two Months then, laft paft, fhe did goand fpeak every Day, but not at all times of the Week; for her. - Speech left her (as formerly) on Zaefdays ; but (now) | rcturn'd the next Day after Noon. Thus fhe-continued d. to the Summer following; not fpeaking (in more than. Twenty Months) on any one Wedue/day Morning. In... i | ( 261 ) 2 In the Summer, 1689. hoping to compleat the Cure; I procured (by means of a Contribution made on pur- pole) for her, a large Stock of Medicines for the Winter following: but fince that Summer have heard nothing more of her. There were feveral Opinions concerning this young . . Woman; fome (you willeafily imagin) thought her Be- witch’d; others, that fhe counterteited : But the Fa- vourers of one and the other of thefe Opinions, were equally Strangers to her Cafe. — | | Can it be fuppofed that a Girl of very ordinary Un- derítanding (as indeed this was) and a Ruftick Educa- tion, fhould leave a Courfe of Living tolerably well, and (to the great Prejudice of her Health, and Danger of her Life) carry on, for the Space of Two Years, a Humour which depriv’d her of fo much Converfation, and brought both her, and her Mother, to fuch exceffive Hardfhips and Neceffities, extraordinary ? Choofe, at the fame time to take vaft Quantities of Phyfick (for fuch. ‘fhe was feen to take) gain Ground. under the Ufe of that Phyfick ; and in Proportion to it, lofé that Ground again, upon omitting; regain it upon refuming her - Pnyfick; and thisevidently, manifeftly, and frequently, and yet all this while Diffemble? Sir, I beg leave to fay, I think it was not in her Power fo to do. | Indeed Credulity argues Weaknefs of Mind ;. and is,. - defervedly attended with Reproach.’ It is offenfive to Philofophy ; whofe venerable Records it interlines with falfe Stories, and idle Tales. But on the other Hand, . 'tisalfo true, that Scepticifm is not lefs.a Fault ; for that alone renders the whole Book of Nature infignificant. ^. Whar can the cleareft Experiment, or the beft difcovery - : "o . 2 import to him, who willnot hear, who will not fce? Exon; June 4. 1698. a t of. repe ER \ ( 262 ) IV. Of tbe Pofture-Mafter. — 'N the Pall Mall at London, lived one Clark (eall'd, The Pofture-Mafter) that had fuch an abfolute Command of all his Mufcles and Joints, that he can dis-joint almoft his whole Body ; fo that heimpos'd on our famous Mul- lens, who lookt on him in fo miferable a Condition, that he would not undertake his Cure: Tho’ he wasa well grown Fellow,yet he wouldappear in all the Deformities that' can be imagin’d, as Hunch Back'd, Pot Belly’d, Sharp Breafted ; he dis-jointed his Arms, Shoulders, Legs and Thighs,that he will appear'd as great an Object of Pity as any ; and he has often impos'd on the fame Company, where he has been juft before, to give him Money as a Cripple; he looking fo much unlike him- felf, that they could not know him. I have feen him make his Hips ftand out a confiderable way from his Loins, and fo high that they feem’d to invade the Place of his Back, in which Poiture he has fo large a Belly, as tho’ one of our Company had one of a confiderable Size, yet it fcem'd lank compar'd with his: He turns his Face into all Shapes, fo that by himfelf he acts all the un- couth, demure, odd Faces of a Quaker’s Meeting: | could not have conceiv’d it poffible to have done what he did, unleís I had {een it; and I am fenfible how fhort I am come to a full Defcription of him: None certainly can - defcribe what he does, but himfelf, He began Young to - a bring his Bedy to it, and there are feveral Inftances of Perions that can move feveral of their Bones out of their Joints, ufing themfelves to it from Children. ( 263) LV. An Account of fome Effets of Papaver Cor- - miculatum luteum, &c. By Mr. Ja.Newton. | p my Itinerary from London to Margaret land, and thence moft by the Sea Shoar to the Lands End. in Cornwall, to obferve what Plants each Part produced, between Pexfants and Marketjew, on the Sandy Shoar, there growing abundance of Papaver Corxiculatum Lute- 4m, or Horhed Poppy, witha Yellow Flower, vulgarly called in ZZamp/bire and Dorfetfhire, Squatmore, or Bruferoot, (as \ was there informed) where. they ufe it .againft Bruifes external and internal: Mr. Fob Hancock, an Apothecary ih Penfants, gave me the following Ac- - . count of its Effects on one Charles Worth, and cthers of his Family, dwelling at the Half way Houle between Penfautsand Marketjew,( viz.) That the faid CharlesWorth, caufing a Pye to be made of the Roots of the faid Poppy, - - fuppofing them to be Sea-Holly or Eringo Roots (for that by order of a Phyfician lately lodging at his Houíe, they . had made Pies thereof, which was very pleafant to them). buthe eating of theaforefaid Poppy Pye (whilft hot) . was prefently taken with fuch a kind of De/rium as made him fancy that moft what he (aw was Gold, and calling for a Chamber Pot, being a white Earthen one, after having purged by Stool into it, he broke it into . pieces, and bid the By-ftanders to fave them, for they all were Gold, as was alfo (as he faid) al! the Pewterin the Houfe (he then pointing toi). The Man and Maid Servants, haviog alfo eat of the fame Pye, ftript themíelves quite naked, and fo danced one egainft _ the other a long time. The Miftrefs, who was gone to: _ Market, coming Home, and faying, Howmow, what is here:a do? the Maid turn'd her Brich againft her, and im CP aed eus : purging: / (264) purging ftoutly, faid, There, Miftrefs, is Gold for you. A Child in the Cradle having alfo tafted of the Pye, was much dofed, and turned its Mouth to and again, and thus they continued for forme Days, and then became well. All which was confirmed to me by the Man and and Wife of the (aid Houfe; where we then went to re- frefh our felves (they then keeping a Publick Houfe). . Here it may be queried, whether the Yellow Colour the Flowers running in their Minds (which the eating of _the Roots had now depraved) might not beget that Idea in them, to fancy moft things to be Gold, they alfo be- ing Yellow. LO OTE ics, tn VL Part of a Letter from Sir Robert Sibbald, to Dr. Sloane, concerning feveral Stones veid- | ed by a Boy, &c. His fame Month of $4ze, a rare Cafe occurd to. | me in the Períon of a Boy, going in the Thir- teenth Year of his Age, Son to a Friend; this Boy had the Misfortune Four Weeks ago to fall backwards upon a Stone, againft which the hinder Part of his Head wes | {truck with (üch Force, that (as they who were thereby informed me) he lay the Fourth part of an Hour without Senfe, and the next Day vomited fome Blood, he felt H a Pain and Weight in the hinder part of his Head and . Neck. and loft Appetite. He concealed his Cafe, and — fo nothing was done for more than a Fortnight. After the Fail he went into the Country, and fisyed a few — | | Days, | $ >| ^ aa | - ( 265 ) | Days, and as he was coming back he had a frequent De- fire to Pifs, and lighted from the Horfe feveral times, but could make no Urine; he vomited in this time; the Suppreffion had continued Twenty Four Hours and more, when I came to vifit him. He had a great Pain in his Head, a Pain in his Back and Groines, and in the Region of the Bladder, which was {weil’d, and he could not fuffer it to be touch'd. T caufed fome mild Diureticks to be given to him prefently,anointed his Groines and the Regio Pubs withthe ufual Ointment,and caufed a Clyfter to be injected; upon which, that Night he pafled firft fome Sand, and then fome Urine by Spoonfuls. I cau- fed him afterwards to be put ia an half Bath of Appro- priate Simples : He was the Days following let Blood and Purged ; and becaufe the Pain and Weight in his Head troubled him much, a Large Vefcatory was applied to the Nucha, which difcharged much Humour from it. While this was a doing, he paft very much Sand of a - Greyifhand Whitifh Colour ; and after the firft Purge, — began to país Stones by the Yard, of a confiderable Big- nefs, with Pain in the Back fometime before they fell . down, then in the Groines, or along the Ureters,and moft in the Right Side, yet fometimes in the Left alfo. He found the Yard much dilated while they paffed it, and he had a {marting Pain then and while the Urine flowed ; the Stones came in with the firft of the Urine: He got feveral Emulfions which had good Effe@. Some of the Stones were Round, fome Oval, fome of thefe Shapes Relig XS : Cataaanire Some o (- 266: ) Some of a Pyramidal Form, fome Cubical.. The Colours. were different, fome whitith, fome brown, fome blewith, f;me black,or ofa dark Colour ;the Confiftence of a fandy Stone, and fome looked like to Bricks, fome in the thick-. neís the Tenth Part of an Inch, fomtethe Twelfth part of it, fome half an Inch long; moft of them approached to a.Triangular Form. He found a Weight in the Bladder when they fell down; and he told me, he was fenfible they came down the Ureters. He leaped and ran fome- times to haften their Defcent. I was prefent when he paft One, andI heard it fall into the Urinal, and faw it there; his. Relations faw moft of them when they were paft. Thefe Stones.are not made up of feveral Coats upon other (as many confirmed Stones are) but look like Bricks, awd may eafily be mouldred to Powder. In a Fortnights time hé hath paft above Threefcore of them — | Since my. writing this, the Boy (whois but going Thirteen Years (as.his Parents fay ) hath pafled feveral Triangular. Stones, fome thicker than the Sixth part of | an Iach.; and-upoathe 20th and 21th Inftant he hath pafied Three by the Fundament, Two of them Triangue far pretty big, and One as big as a little Plumb, but of 1 the Shape.of a Pear, of the fame fandy Confiftence as. the former, and of a Greyifh Colour. He hath paft none © | by the Yard fince he paft thefe the other way. I was inquifitive about his Diet, and was told by his Parents, that for fome Years that they lived near tothe .: Shoar of the Firth of Forth, the Boy ran often after the — Women that catched the Sand Eels: (Ammodites) and .- brought Home his Pockets full of them, which often- — times he boiled without teking Pains (as he ought) to. free them of the Sand that ftuck to them. This, with - the Glutinous Juice of that Fi(h, and the Sand mixed — | Y m With 2E (262) — with the Bread, and other Aliments he ufed, hath fur- nifhed abundant Matter for thefe Stones, it is like (fince he never had any Symptome of this before the Fall he got of late) the Hurt in the Hinder Part of the Head might have occafioned fome Torpor in the Nerves,. fo that the FzZriZe in the Kidneys. could not act fo vigo- roufly (as need was) in the Separation and Expulfion of the Sand; and thus it came to gather and form into Stones. He continueth pafling daily feveral of them with great Quantities of Sand, notwithftanding the ufu- al Remedies are continued. This is a Specimen of the Art of Nature and her Mechanifm, in giving füch vari- ous Shapes to thefe Stones, by directing the Matter fo regularly to fuch Forms. I fhall give you fome Cafes . which fhew her Power in diffolving Stones, when coated : and of a more united Texture. | hag | - The Firft occurd in a Worthy Friend of mine, a Re- verend Divine now above the Seventieth Year of his Age, He, after he hath thefe Ten Years paft fuffered much from a confirmed Stone he hath in his Bladder, fince the beginning of this laft Winter he hath paffed a vaft Num. ber of Slices of feveral Figures, many of them cornered and pointed, much of the thicknefs of a Shilling Sterling, white within and fmooth, but without of a dark Colour, with Pain, and fometimes a Suppreífion of Urine for fe- veral Hours precedeth them ; he maketh ufe of the ufü- - al Remedies; in the Intervals.he hath tolerable good - Health. 1 was told by an expert Phyfician, a Friend of - mine, of T'wo Patients of his, the One yet alive, who after paffing an incredible Number of thele Slices, isnow “in perfect Health, and free of that Difeafe. The other, . who died long ago, after pafling for a long time fuch . Slices, became free of the Diíeaíe, and when his Body. was opened at his Death, no Stone nor Slices were found : in his Bladder... So even in this obftinate Difeafe, fome- - times Natura eff Medicatrix. | | Vin: (aW) ‘VII. Part of a Letter written by Roclof Diodati, Supream Director of the Council of Mauricius; to Mr. Witfea, Burger. Mafler of Amfterdam, and F. R. S. Dated — Auguít 8. 1697. Concerning an extraordinary Inunda- tion in that Iflaud. W^ cannot but give your Worfhip notice, that on VV —the22zth of March laft, at half an Hour after Twelve a Clock, being Calm but alitte Rainy Weather, the River which pafleth by the plain Ground of Noord- wyck, did, in the {pace of a quarter of an Hour, {well to that Height, that the Sugar-Mill, the Sugar-Work, and almoft all the faid Ground was thereby ruin'd, the moft part of the Sugar-Canes being rooted or torn out of the Ground by the Violence of the Torrent. We cannot imagine whence fo fuddain a Swelling of this River has ‘been caufed, while the Rain not being very hard, could not beof that effe&, for in {uch Cafe it fhould have con- — tinued longer; for about Twelve a Clock, when the ~ Company's Servants aflembled for their Dinner, the - Water of the River was at its ordinary Height, and be- | fore they had half dined all the Country was overflown — by the Water, viz. One Foot higher than Two Years © ago, by reafon of the Hurricane, when we had fo vio- lent a Storm as ever was heard of, It is very remarkable, ^ that at One a Clock all the Extraordinary Water was - gone, and the River again at his ordinary Heighth, There .— has been no Earthquake that could caufe it, neither was — there any füch thing in other Rivers, but only in this — paffing by the plain Ground of Noordwyct. 5 LONDON: Printed for Sam. Smith, and, Bexj,Walford, Printers to the | Royal Society, at the Prince's Arms in. St. Paul’s Church-Yard. 1698. - E Philosoph: Trans act-N? 243: (/269.) C Numb.245. smit PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. For the Month cf Auguft, 1698. The CONTENTS. ae E bend of tbe Minutes of tbe Philofopbical — | ' Society at Oxford, March 18. 1683. con- cerning lrifb Slat. Il. Some Obfervations fent from the Eaft-Indies; being in Anfwer to | fome Queries fent thither by Richard Waller, | | Efq; F. R. S. HI. Of the Motion of the |- Stomach, obfere'd in a Dog, in July, 1635. |. By Dr. Chriftopher Pit. IV. Part of a |^ Letter from Mr. Edw. Lhwyd to Dr. Martin | Lifter, Fell. of the Coll. of Pbyf. and R. S. concerning feveral regularly Figured Stones | lately found by bin. V. Remarks concerning | fattitions Salts ; drawn from a Difcour fe writ- | SÍ ten | | (270) | ten by Seign. Francifco Redi, VI.- A Letter from Dr. Rob. Conny, to the late Dr. Rob. Plot, F. R. $. concerning a Shower of Fifbes. VIL Tbe way of making Pitch, Tar, Rofin and Turpentine near Marleiiles ; communicated in a Letter dod Nifues, by Mr. Thomas Bent, to Dr. Welfted. VILL Extra&t from tbe Regi- fiers of tbe Philcfopbical Society at Oxford, Odtober 7. 1634. Concerning a Woman who voided the Bones of a Fetus, above the Os Pubis, and by other extraordinary ways. IX. _ Part of a Letter from Dr. Afhe, Lord Bifbop of Cloyne, dated March the 26th 1687. concerning the Effetis of Imagiaation, — the Vertues of Mackenboy, &c. X. Extra © from the Minutes of the Philofophical Society |. at Oxford, Feb. 8. 1683. concerning Ruíma and Alcanna. XI. To give Ironthe Colour and — Tin€tuve of Copper. Communicated bythe R*. H^, — Sir Roh. Southwell, V.P.R.$, Xl Away - ef Guilding Gold upon Silver. Communicated } — by the fame. XL A Letter of Dr. e 21 Wallis, to Mr. Andrew Fletcher, | coscern- *1 ing the flrangé Effects reported of Mufick in — | Former Times, beyond what is to be found. $ in Later Ages. XIV. Account of Books. 1, 7 Bafi f Botanica; fen, Brevis ad rem Herba- | riam Manuduttio y omnes Plantarum partes, ra | una | !— EN ee eee Sou" | ( 271 ) "una cum earumdem Virtutibus fecundum govif- fima Botanicorum Fundawenta generali quadam. Metbodo. commonftrans edita a D. Chriftano Ludovico Welíchio Lipf. 1697. 12m». 2. juli Pflugh equitis Saxonici epiftola ad per illufirem a4; Generofi eftt Virum Ludovicum a. Seckendorff virum de utraqy vepublica me- ritiffemnm, prater fata bibliothece Budenfts, Librorum quoqs in ultima expugnatione reperto- rum catalogum exhibens Fen. 1688. i2 Svo. 3. Differtatione epiftolare del fosforo minerale. 0 f a della pietra illuminabile Bolognefe, à. fa- pientà ed eruditi fignori Collettori degli atta: eruditorum di Lipfia, Scritta da Luigi Ferdi-. — nando Conte Marfigli, &c, Lipf, 1698. in sto. XV. A Catalogue of fome Books lately Printed. or. now i sae: beyond Sea. r L Extra& of the Mibnites of the Philofophieal Society at Oxford, March 18. 1633. con- cerning lrifb Slat. .§T having been diícoursd to us about Nine or Ten: Months fince, by the ingenious Mr. Xenwrick, Phy-. fician at Worceffer, that the Irifh Siat Pulveriz d, andi in-- fus'd in Water for a Night, or lefs, would impart its Vi-- - triolick Quality fo far forth to it, that it would ftrike of | a : C 272 ) | sas a faint reddifh Colour with Powder of Galls (as the Vi- . triolic Waters of Tunbridge, Aftrop, and divers others do, and as you fee it has in fome Meafure done in the Ex- ample here before you) it not only led me to believe that thefe Waters, fome of them, might as well iflue from Slat as an Iron Oar; unlefs it fhould appear, that this fort of Slat were an Iron Oar too, which put me upon calcining it for Three or Four Hours after the manner of - Dr. Lifler, to experiment, whether it would then (like the other Iron Oar) apply to the Magnet; wherein tho’ 1was altogether unfuccefsful, the Magnet not taking the . leaft notice of it, yet it afforded me another Difcovery altogether as fatisfadory, which is the Matter I have at prefent to communicate to you; viz. That upon Tor-' refaction it was all become a Yellow Ochre, and would Ícore like it ; tho’ this here I have to fhew you, be grown little too dark by much burning, which further per- fwades me, that the Yellow, or rather Orange-coloured Sediment we find at the Bottom of thefe Fountains,comes rather from this fort of Slat, than an Iron Ore; for I much queftion whether fome of the Yellow Ochres (tho’ it's plain the Red onesdo) come from,or are, Iron Ores ; but [intend to calcine this further the next Week, where- _ of you fhall have an Account the next Meeting, but doubt of my Succefs, becaufe the Shotover Yellow Ochre will not own the Magnet after Thirty-fix Hours Calcination, or better. | (i273) TL Some Obfervations fent from tbe Eaft-Iudies; being im Anfwer to fome Queries fent tbüber by Richard Waller, Ef; F. KR. S. . KT does not appear that the Maldiva-Tlands were ever joyu'd to the main Land, there being no Soundings, as they callit, between the Ifland and the Main, and the - Earth, Sand and Shells of the one much differing from X the other : The (mall Shells, called, Cowrzes, which pafs | P Money in Bengale and other places, are chiefly found there. : The North and South Pole are not vifible under the Line, for in the cleareft Night the Horizon is over-caft . with a thick mighty Darkneis, thet no Star can be feen. The Poles are feidom vifible till they have Five or Six Degrees Latitude, though the Night be never fo clear. Gum Lack is the Houfe of a large fort of Ants, which they make on the Boughs of Trees, which ferves to keep them from the Weather, Gc.- —— | —.. 7Tis certain that Cloves will attraé&t Water at fome _ Diftance, which is daily experienced amongft the Dutch in this Country, who make a confiderable Advantage | thereby. 1 have known a Bag of Cloves laid over Wa- ter One or Two Foot Diítance, which has in a Nights "time imbib'd a confiderable Quantity o£ Water, and grown fo. moift that the Water might be prefs'd from them. | lug. fi There has been feen an Oyfter-Shell in Bantam that has been about Eighteen Inches Diameter, and feveral in Maccao that has been Eighteen Inches long, and Five or | Six broad, whofe Meat within has been proportionable | to the Shell. | : | dr | i | ( 274 ) i’am well inform'd by the Perfons that did fee it, that at Batavia a whole Duck was taken out of the Belly of a Snake; and that in Achin they did kill a Snake that had a whole Deer in its Belly, which they took out, be- ing frefh and good, aad that they did drefs and eat part of the Deer.“ x. — They draw their Wire in Moulds of feveral Sizes, gra- dually, as we do ; . whether they have any Art to make it more Plyant I know not. . The Chinefes Gild Paper with Leaf-Gold and Silver, lid on with a very good fort of Varnifh they have, which is the fame wherewith they Varnifh their Lacker'd Wares; all which, after it is throughly dry, they put in a Screw-Prefs, and with an Inftrument like our Plain, Shave it as fine as they Pleafe; and fo they cut their To- bacco, which is as fine as.a Hair. _. Amber Greece is found more or lefs in moft Parts; great Quantities are found at Fapan, and to the Eatt- ward of Java, and at the Maldiva-Iflands; which, they © . fay, they find generally faftened to the Roots of Trees — that grow in the Sea near the Shoar ; and that while it is | kept under Water 'tis Soft and Pliable like Wax, and : . fometimes like Gelly : There is now a Piece in Zzd;a, “| which I have ícen, that weighs above Two. Thouíand : Ounces, | | ; The People of Fava Marry, and have Children at ~ Nineand Ten Years of Age; and geherally leave Child- — bearing at or before Thirty. At Tazguis there are Wos- 21 men common to any that will hire them, at Eight or. Nine Years of Age. E: — The apa» and China Varnifh is. made of Turpen- — tine and a curious fort of Oyl they have, which they — mix and boyl to a convenient Confiftence, which never: | . caufes any {welling in the Hands or Face, (c. of thofe that make or workit. The Swelling that often happens |) Cc ae | ‘to thofe that work the Lacker'd Ware, and fometimes |. to thofe that only país by the Shops and lock on them at Work, is from the Lack, and not the Varnifh ; which . Lack is the Sap or Juice of a Tree which runs out flow- ly by cutting the Tree, and iscatch'd by Pots faftned . tothe Tree; ’tisof the Colour and Subftance of Cream, the Top, that is expofed to the Air, immediately turns Black, and the Way that they make it Black and fit for. Ufe, is to put a {mall Quantity in a Bowl, and ftir it . continually with a piece ot fmooth Iron for Twenty-four or Thirty Hours, which will both thicken it and make it . , black; to which they put a Quantity of very fine Pow- . der of any fort of burnt Boughs, and mix it very well together, and then with a Brufhlay it {mooth on any thing they defign to Lack, then let it dry very well in the Sun, which will be harder than the Board it is laidon; © "when*tis throughly dry you muft rub it with a fmooth Stone and Water till 1t is as fmooth as Glafs, and on that lay your Varnifh made of Turpentine and Oyl boil'd toa due Confiftance, for Black Lack: but if you would .have Red, or any other colour'd Lack, you muft mix your Colour in fine Powder with your Varnifh, and take . care to lay your Varnifh on as fmooth ss poffible you cag, for therein lies the Art of Lacking well. If you | would print in Gold or Silver, (9v. you muft with a fine | Pencildip'd in the faid Varnifh, draw what Flowers,Birds, Ge. you pleafe, and let it lye till it begins to be dry ; them. lay on your Leaf-Gold, or Silver, or Pin-Duft,. [t is well known that there is amongft the Bramines a Language called, the Sanfcreet, writ in a different Cha- rafter from that now in Ufe; in which Language are | written the Porave, ot Sacred Hiftory. The Shafram | beimg to them what the Bible is to Chriftians ; .and the | Four Beads*( whereof One is loft) containing their Divi- | 4 NE "T t2 | nity | - OC EDÉ 3) nity, Law, Phyfick, &c. and fome other Books: This . Language is not underítood by all Bramines, but only by the Studious and Learned among them: I asked one of the moft eminent amcng them in this Place, how long it was fince the faid Language was loft, who an- fwered that it*was fpoke in the Age of the Gods, or when they lived upon Earth, which by their Calculation con- ‘tinued many Thoufand Years, and ended {o many Years paft as we reckon from the Flood, or thereabouts: but they have little Knowledge in Chronology. It’s evident . that feveral of the Languages now fpoke in India, are derived from the Sanfcreets, and one of the Bramines writ a Book to thew that the prefent ZZindeflan or Lan- guage fpoken by the Moors in particular, is derived trom thence. — 3 — Thave inquir'd of Two of the mft knowing Bramines in this Town, and they both agree, that our Sanday in every Week was a Holy Day, or Day of Reft with them, and for fear they fhould abufe me, I have asked a Mowla or Mahometan Pricft, a Native of Zsd;a, and one that always lived amongít them, and he gave methe fame Account. Befides this they have their Monthly . Holy Days; for the Eighth Day after the Change of the Moon is always a Day of Devotion; as alfo the Four- teenth and the Eleventh Days from the Change, a ftrict Fa{t, called Faka Dafee, or Yaka Dafee ; fo likewife the Eighth Day from the Full Moon, and the Fourteenth, are Days of Devotion, and the Eleventh a Yaka Dafee : Befides thefe they have throughout the Year feveral Fe- ftival Days and Times, as in other Religions, _ Upon the Death of any Perfon, the next of Kin, efpe- cially a Husband for a Wife, a Father for a Child, © vice verfa; as alfoa Brother for a Brother or Sifter de- ceafed, do Mourn Fifteen Days, during which time they eat only Rice and Water, and are not either to.cat Betle: — | or d (277) | or mark their Foreheads, but ufe feveral Wafhings, and " Variety of other Ceremonies, as carrying of Victuals to: Gardens, Groves, and Zazques to.diftribute. and make feveral Prayers that God would. grant the deceafed Party a good Piace in the other World, forgive him his Sins, be favourable unto him, ($c. and upon the Sixteenth Day they make a Feaft to all their Friends and Relations. and thofe of their own Coaft, as they are able, and like- wife Yearly upon. the Day of his Death, they give Alms, z. e. Vidtuals to more or lefs poor People, as they are able, with whom they make Prayers for the Dead. HT. Of; | (ave AIL Of the Motion of the Stomach, obferv/d in, in a Dog, in July, 1685. By Dr. Chri- Ts Pifterci, booty | | ^o a A Natomifts in their Defcriptionof Man's Body, uu X tho> they :fometimes Make mention of the Motion of the Stomach, (asin Vomiting and in convey- Ang the Meat that is Digeftediin the Stomach into the Inteftines): yet giving no particular: Defeription of it from the Teftimony of Sight, I hope it will be no ways ^ Ampertinent in me to give an Account of it, as it ap- peard to me in the Difle&ion of a Dog, in july, 1685. § 2. In this. Dog I obferved that the Periftaltick Mo- tion of the Guts was continued thro’ the Stomach ; the Pylorus (that ufually appears, after opening the Dog, as high as the Diaphragm) being in every waving brought below the very Bottom ofthe Stomach, I could mani- feftly obferve a Conftriction in the middle of the Sto- mach, at every Motion Downward, pafling it in fo as to be able to comprefs what was contained in its Cavity. And thefe Motions were as regular and orderly as ever I faw it inthe Guts; and appeared for a long time toge- ther; fo that I could the more diligently make my Ob- Íervations. ) pens § 3. I have {een the Motion of the Stomach in Two or Three that T have difle@ed fince, fo that one may fafely conclude it holds true in all. | § 4. I fuppofe the Reafon that it appeard fo mani- feftly and long in the Firft Dog, wasbecaufehis Stomach — being extreamly full, put the Fibres upon fome Stretch; fo that they (as all fuch Bodies do) endeavour’d by their Motion to reftore themíclves to their former Pofition. : ii i And (279 ). | And [am apt to believe that this is one of the main Caufes of the Motion of the Stomach and Guts,’ and that -they ‘feldom move but. when they ave fomething in their Cavity to diftend their Fibres; But lll not be too bold to make fuch Deductions till farther Tryals dius it TE true or falíe. | "6:5. "The Motion oF the Stomach being after thisman: mer, ‘may give us a clearer Account of the Quickaefs of _ the Diftribution of the Nourifhment; than any way I can find that Authors give us: the Meat being nó foon- . er opened by the Spittle and Liquor that wetake in, than that it has a. free Motion by the Defcent of the Pylorus into the Inteftines, which 1s almoít Plexo Flumine, from the Compreffion in the Middle of the Stomach. | IV. Pali of a Letter from. Mn. Edw. Lhwyd to Dr. Martin Lifter, Fell. of. the Coll of — Pbyf.. and R$. concerning. feveral. regularly ! Figured Stones lately found by him. * Sliould have troubled you with fome fort of Account - of our Travels; which, asyouwll find by the inclofed | Bias of figured Stones, has been tolerably fuccet- .ful. The 8, 9, and r5th we found near the Las Deilo . in Caermardbinfbire ; the rz, 15 17, 19s on the Sea- vern Shore in G slbtefPav)hare:; the rath at Gold. Cliff in Monmouthfbire ; and all the reft ia the Ifle of Caldey, in - this County. The 15th whereof we found great Plenty, - mutt doubtlefs be referred to the Sceleton of fomie flat - Fifh; the 8th and oth I know nor at all what to make "OP: the reft are Modioli or Vertebre.of Sea Stars; for I have been long fince fully fatisfied that all forts of Ex-. trochi and Afferiz muft be refer'd thither ; not thatl oe clude - ( 280 ) : elude that either thefe, or any other Marine-terreftrial Bodies, were ever really, either Parts or Exwviz of Animals ; but that they bear the fame Relation to the Sea-ftars, that Gloffopetre do to the Teeth of Sharks; .. the Foffil Shells to the Marine ones, (9c. Thefe are {carce a Tenth Part of our Difcoveries in this Kind, the laft Year and the prefent ; but fome of them being toto Genere new, and the reft Improvements of your own and other Gentlemens Obfervations, I prefum’d this faint Re- prefentation of them would be fome Diverfion to you. My Defigaer never practisd before this Journey, but {eems to improve daily, and would make fomething of it could we meet with either fome Perfons or Books to put him in the Way. You have done me, I doubt not, an unexpreflible Kindnefs, by procuring a Correfpon- dence with Mr. Pezron ; Yam yet fo mucha Stranger to his Works, that I never heard of his Name. His Notion of the Greek, Roman, and Celtic Languages being of one common Origin, agrees exactly with my Obferva- tions : But 1 have not advanced fo far, as to difcover the Celtic to be the Mother- Tongue, tho’ perhaps he may not want good Grounds (at leaft plaufible Argu- ments) for fuch an Affertion. ‘The Irifh comes in with us, and is a Dialect of the Old Latin, as the Britifh is of the Greek : But the Gothick or Teutonick, tho’ it has alfo much Affinity with us, muft needs make a Band apart. I fhall fpeedily write to him, and trouble him with a few Queries about. their Armorican Antiqui- ties, (Se. a | See the Figure. V. Remarks d E p. ( $81.) | V. Remarks concerning fattitious Salts; drawn — [ from a Difcourfe written by Sen Franciíco R edi. “THE Happy Genius of the Cardinal Ze Medici (a- . vouring and promoting Mathematical and Phi- lofophical Studies, as well as others, makes him _ among his moft weighty Affairs, not pafs by fuch things | as may ferve the Virtuofo’s as well for Private as Publick | Advantage,hence it is that Seignior Francis Red; has been | induced to colle& divers Writings and Obfervations _ made fome Years paít in Florence, about Vegetable Salts; which being not ready to be publifhed, you will here receive an Extract of them, for the Satisfaction of the Curious, and the Improvement of Natural Know- ledge, being hereby condu&ted into the Manner of ex- | tracting the Salts, their Quantity and Different Figures, _ ‘as likewife their Virtue and Purging Quality, | Preparation and Circumftances. 1. Bura any fort of Herb, Flower, Fruit, Wood, or |, Whatever it be, and make Afhes thereof, with the Afhes | and with pure Water in its natural Temper make the | Lye, which after ftraine through moift Paper or a Fil- |, tre, fo that it becomes as clear as poffible. Afterward put .] the Lye into a Glafs Veficl, and let it remain in Ba/zeo | Marie until fuch time as a great part of it evaporates, ac- | cording to the Proportion obferved by thofe that are ufed | to füch Operations, and according as the Congelation of 1 the Salt is defired to be more or lefs expedited or re- tarded. — . 3 Vy | a lf , ( 282 ) | 2. If you keep the Lye to evaporate by the Fire in Veflels of Earth Glafed,. you will lofe a great Quantity of the Salts, for that as the Lye grows thicker, the Salt penetrates the Bottom and Sides of the Veflel of Earth, and is loft. 3. The Quantity of Water to make the Lye of isnot . determined ; for the moft part 5tb of Water will extra& all the Salt from 2b of Afhes. | 4. The Afhes whereof we have already made the Lye, and by Coníequence drawn out the Salt, may, if you burn the fame again ina Brick Furnace, make you after- wards another new Lye, which ufually yields fome fmall Portion of Salt. 5. The Salts drawn in the manner aforefaid,when the Air is Moift ufe to melt, to obviate this Inconvenience, when you burn the Materials to reduce,them to Aíhes, 'tis requifite to ufe with them a due Quantity of Sulphur, and if it happen the Afhes fhould be made to your Hand, you may mingle them with Sulphur, and keep the fame to the Fire till fuch time as it be burnt. By this Means the Salt will never cometo run, but become more White and Chriftalline. _ | 6.. There is no General Rule concerning the Quantity _ of Sulphur to be put into the Materials you thus Burn ; you may neverthelefs at a guefs fay, toa Hundred Pounds of Materials 4 or 5 3% of Sulphur are ufually fufficient. | .. 7. All tlie Salts have a peculiar and determined Figure, | the which they always keep, altho’ they are oftenrefol- — ved into Water, and afterward congealed, — 9. If in One oaly Liquid you diffolve together Two . or Three forts of Salt of different Figure, when they con. geal, they all affume their ancient and Proper Figure,and _ this not only happens in Fadfitious, but alfo in Mineral Salts. If in a Veffel full of Water you diffolve equal or . unequal Quantities of Vitriol of Cyprus, Roch i: T KIDS : í ..Aand am ( 283 ) | | aud of purified Nitre ; this Water will be all of an Azure Colour: But when the Water isevaporated, you will fee in the Veffel; that the Vitriol, the Ailurx and the Nitre have reeaflum’d diflinGly their firft natural Figures, and that the Vitriol hath recovered its moft compleat Azure "Colour, leaving the Nitre and the Allum with their ufüal traníparent W hitenefs. 9. Altho’ it be faid before, Number 7. That all the Salts have a proper and particular Figure, yet notwith- " ftanding all this, Scignior Redi hath obíerved, That €—— a i II a c a fo ene pe EE — n — fome manner of Salts have Two, Three and Four forts of Figure. Two forts have been (ten in the Lettuce, in the Scorzoneras, in the Musk Melon, the Scopa, in the Roots of Efula, in the Black Eiblleboré: in Endive, in | Eye-bright, in Worm: wood, in Sorrel, and in Shoots of | Fines; Three~-forts in Black Pepper, and in Zacarnate . Rofe ; Four forts in the Roots of White Helebore. 10. Befides the before-mentioned diverfity of Figures which are found in Salts, I have obferved, that among all . Salts of whatfoever Figure, there are found fome Cubi- . cal; which, though they be never fo often diffolved and - congealed, appear ftili of a Cubical Figure, or incli- ning to it. 1r. He knows not hae i it isa General Rule, that the different Parts of Herbs, Fruits, Gc. make Diverfity in the Figures of their Salts; but he fays particularly, That the Sait of the Leaves of Lawrel differ from that of the Wood, and that the Figure of the Salt of the Pulp of a Gourd differs from that of the Rind. — — 12. Many Salts of different Matter have the. fame Fi- gure, or at leaft very like: The Salt of Cucumber hath a Figure like the Salt of Eye-Zrigbt, Mechoacam, Scopa, and Lettuce; alfo the Salt of Orange Flowers, Rofes, | Ginger, Endive, Colloguintida, Scorzonera-Root, White | Ec Roots and Liquorifb are like one another, Coles Vv2 | worts ! ( 284 ) worts and Rofemary-Flowers give a Salt of one and the fame Figure, as lixewife do among themfelves Vine-Bran- _ ches, Sorrel, Black Pepper, the Rind of Pomgranates, and the Roots of Black Hellebore. 13. To make the Bodies of the Salts when they con- geal,reft diftinc&t one from another(fo as their Figures may be obferved) and not be intangled and heaped together, ‘tis neceflary, he fays, that very great Diligence be ufed in evaporating the Lye, for if that be wholly evaporated, or if too great a part thereof, the Salts make a confufed -. Cruft at the Bottom of the Veflel, if the Lyes are left too Weak, the Salts require a very long time to congeal in, 'tis Requifite therefore to ufé {uch a Diligence, which is not to be gained without long Pra&ice. The Inftru- ments for meafuring the Weights of Liquids, may give a Rule, which if it be sot General, will at leaft come very near it; the Lyes being reduced to a convenient Thick- nefs, are put into little {mall Glafles clofed with a Stopple, and kept in a dry fhady Place, and you muft expect by the Benefit of Time, that the Salts will congeal them- felves into Chriftalline Stones, either in the Bottom or on the Sides of the Veflel. [, ! 14. Not all Herbs, nor Flowers, nor Fruits, nor Woods when they are burnt, render equally the fame Quantity of Salt, but according to the Diverfity of their Species, the Quantity of Salt which is drawn from their Aíhes, is found different. The Seafons wherein the: .. Plants are gathered make a great Diverfity, as alfo does the Country, whether Montanous or Champaine , or Sea-Coaft or Marfhy or Moiit. ° | 15. Ali Matters burnt give not the fame Quantity of Alhes, but there is great Diverfity which you may fee by the following -Proofs,the great Part in the Year 1660. ' inthe Time of the Moft Serene Great Duke Ferdinand HT. of Glorious Memory. ET t ^ E | - Pounds. —.| ( 285 ) P cds Vegetables. 100 Of dryed Flowers of Oranges 800 Of Gourds new gathered which M dryed in the Oven were 36 1b 400 Red Onions (being 720) roafted, the Coals turn'd to 16 1b to the Coals new added'42 of Sulphur. 150 Eyebright frefh, and afterwards {tilled and burnt 120 Diftill’d Rofes 100 OF Maidenhair 9 | 150 Roots of Black Hellebore, whic | | dryed came to 50 1b 56 6 150 Roots. of White Hellebore (refh, which dryed came to 50 tb 96 Roots dryed and burnt of frefh Eula 30 Roots of Liquorith 20 Pellitory. 100 Green Endive go Green Bindweed | 2000 Leaves of Lawrel 500 Leaves of Lawrel. | 1000 Water Mellons well ripe, the Seeds being taken | 2 | 2400 Cucumbers. | _ 300 Wood of Ivy 50 Scorzonera dryed | 300 Pine Apples, the Nuts taken out | x50 Mugwort dryed | 130 Leaves of Cyprus |. 10 Peele of Pomgranates dryed: 2; Saflafras 12 Lignum Santlum. 4 Yellow Sanders. 4 Black Pepper. . 30 Ginger à 12 Turbith E Wood of Firt'. Scopz Scopa ib 4 eo i j | Q2 ; Aw m OD o NW D brad | | | bel ded 4: QA bd iS. Afhes. 3 06 CO z 3 co. oo 06 oo oo co OO O1 OOo CO QOO O9 00 OO OO OO OO OO CO OO Q0 O2 cO 00 00:04 OO OO 20 OI OO 90 00 oO OO OO OO OO OO CO OO CO o8 oo Co OO 06 OO OI O4 O2 O4. .07 00 OO OO OO OO OO OI CO OI OO OO OQ 00) O2 O2 OO IO. O9 oO OO OO: 00 00 OO-OO. OO cO 00 oo OO OO OO cO OO OO OO OC: 00 oO. OO OO OO OO -QO. 00> o3 OO: O4 oo 06 OO; Heads: (286 ) ads of Old Garlick: 32 46 were dryed in a Furnace and burat, from the Afhes there was Lem by. any Salt to be gathered. — . Thirty Pounds of W heat. Flowe burnt in a Furnace with a little Sulphur, and burntanew ina Potter's Oven, give 83 of very. black Afhes, the which being Baked again for Eight Days. continually i in a Brick Furnace, af- ter the Lye was made, there could not be a Grain of Salt drawn. . The like happen’d in ro 3 of Afhes drawn from a Stare. and a half of Bran, burnt firft in tle Fur- mace with Sulphur, and afterwards baked in a Potter's Qven, and in oge.of Bricks. 16. All the Salts whatever drawn from the Afhes of - Vegetables, takes by the Mouth, fays he, have a Pur- ging Faculty; and a great Meafure more than what by fome is believed in common Salt,. which token by the — Mouth has little or none at all, or if it have any betwixt that ofe common Salt and Vegetables, the npn rs toa is but as Two to Eight. | 17. This Solutive Faculty is of equal. Energy i in ali the | . Salts in fuch Manner that the Salt of Sumack, Peeles of Pomegranates, Mirtle Berries, or -Maftick Purges as - much as the Salt of Rubarb, Sena Turbith,. , Mechoacan, and all other like purgative Drugs. . 48. The Dofe to be uféd is the fame ia all the Sale, | ~~ to wit, from Two Drachms and an half to half an Ounce, diffolved in Six Ounces of common Water ; and Proth 1 he has obferved by infinite Experiments, that half an - . Ounce ufes to Purge Three Pounds and a half, or F ouf, — . or thereabouts, of Matter more or iefs, according tothe Complexions, and according tothe Fulnefs of the Bodies, r9. In Purging he has found no difference betwixt -thefe Salts that have fharp Points, and thofe that are ob- tufe and blunt or cubical; he has made Proof very often in - | divers Ferforx, caufing the like cubical Stones of Cucum. E! MY | jn | ~ bers a 2 ee (287 ) bers, Ginger, Colewort, and of Liquorifh to be picked | out, and he has feen that they have worked with the fame Energy asthe moft acute Hexagone Stones of the . Salt of Pepper, of Carnation Rofes, ” of Mechoacan, of . Coleworts, of Cucumbers, (9c. | 20. From thie aforefaid Obfervations, tho’ you- can- not eftablifh a certain Rule, you may neverthiele(s con- jeCture, not without fome Reafon, FirfZ, That the Sale drawn from the Afhes of Herbs, Flowers, and of Fruits, | @c. donot coníerve the Virtue, and that Faculty which: Phyficians believe the Herbs, Flowers, Fruits, @c. are | endowed with. Secondly, You may very near be cer- tain of the Proportion of Afhes rifing from each Species of Vegetables, and of the Quantity of Salt which isafter- | ward to be drawn from them; and it will not be un- — . | grateful to the Reader that I put here the Differences by | me computed (of the Afhes, after the rate of 100 Pounds | of 2 a and of the Salts after the Rate of One Pound of Afhes) and depofed according to the Order of - | the Excefies. AT m de m fei: whieh 400 ib give. ps, de MUR Ib Zz 3 95 gr. | Bed Dios! . OO 04 04 OO 00 óGeurds- ....- x/'dssl60 06:06 00:00 Cucumbers. . i OO O9 OO OO'00 Pine Nut-Shell..— — ^. OI OO O0 99/00 Yellow Sanders . . OI QO 04:00°00 | Biadweeds -. .- 4. c gio wma 020 c2008 ‘Laurel Leaves | OI O2 OO OO OO Roots of White Hellebore—— OI O4 OO OO oo Other Leaves of Laurel. OI 0704 02 IO Endive .- Ue D O2 OO OO OO 00 Wheat Flower . O2 O2 OF OL OO Water Melons T UE 01:92:06 oo. G0 00 . ( 288 ) Yo ‘Ivy Roots of Efula Safiafras Eyebrigbt Diftill'd Rofes Roots of Black Hellebore Orange Flowers Leaves of Cyprus Pellitory Black Pepper Ginger. Mugwort Pomgranate Bark Roots of Liquori(h Ilurbith |. Maiden-Hair diftill'd Scorzonera Lignum Sandum A Table of tbe Salts which are extraited from . . One Pound of Afbes. Maiden Hair Roots of Black Hellebore Orange Flowers - Lawrel Leas - Root of Efula Roots of Liquorifh Pellitory 40. Water Melons Red Onions |... : Endive | n 4° Firr Roots of White Hellebore .. O5 03.02 02 00 J €O CO OI co c8. | 'OC OO OÓ OO OO 00 OI CO 60 00. fo $ s D pr. Oj OO OO 00 00 03 OI O4 00 Go O3 OI O4 00 00 O3 O4 OO 00 CO Oj O4 OO O00 OO O4 OO OO 00 00 O4 06 OO 00 00 O4 07 03 OF 00 O$ OO OO 00 OQ OF 02040000 — O$ O4 OO 00 00 o8 OO 00 00 o6 o8 00 oo oo o8 o4 00 00 ad O9 OO GO 00 00 ~ 16 OO OO 00 00 © 20 10 OO 00 OO 3 3 Sgr OO CO Oo or o8 OO CO OO O4 OO - OO O6 C3 O1 22. OO OO OÓ CO OO. CO OO 06 OI IE OO OO O7 OI OÓ OO OI OO OO OÓ Co or OG OO oO Scope | ( 289 ) | Amt ib 3 359 er. Scope e OO OI 00 OO 00 Another OO OI OI OO OO Eye.bright — - CO OI Ot OF 09 Other Leaves of Lawrel CO OI OF Ot 06 Bindweed in OO O2 OO 60 oO Gourds be CO O2 O4 OO OO Rofes CO O3 00 CO OO In this Table you fee fome Variation in the (ame Species of Vegetables, the which do not give always the fame Quantity of Afhes and Salt, and that which is confiderable, fome Vegetables, infipid and cold, as En- dive, Pompion, and Rofes, have given much more Salt . than others of a ftronger Savour, apertive, and incifive, as the Onions, Hellebore, Lawrel, Maiden- Hair, and the Garlick which is fo ftrong, gives none at all: But it may perchance be faid, that in thefe there F is a greater Quantity of Volatile Salt. ee cere ee VL 4 Letter from Dr. Rob. Conny, to tbe late Dr. Rob. Plot, F. R. $. concerning a Shower of Fifbes. : ty | eg my laftto you! have received an Account of the prodigious Rain you long ago defired of me, and this Opportunity offering of conveying it fafely to you I wou'd no longer delay it, and had I received the Ac- count as you promifed me of that of the Herrings, ! might poffibly have faid fomewhat more, but I fhall j^ Xx now ( 290 ) now leave that to you. The Account I had from a Wor- : thy Gentleman of this Cougsy, who had a Box full of thefe Fifhes which he preferved, but that being miflaid, he could not perform his Promife of giving me fome of them, which he {ays he will certainly do, whenever he finds it. Fhe Account is thus : | On Wednefday before Eafler, Anno 1666. a Pafture Field at Cranflead near Wrotham in Kent, about Two - Acres, which is far from any part of the Sea or Branch of it, and a Place where are no Fifh Ponds, but a Scarci- ty of Water, was all overfpread with little Fifhes, con- ceived to be rained down, there having been at that time a great Tempeft of Thunder and Rain ; the Fifhes were about the Length of a Man’s little Finger, and judged by all that faw them to be young Whitings, ma- ny of them were taken up and fhewed to feveral Perfons; - the Field belonged to one Ware a Yeoman, who was at that Eaffer-Seffons one of the Grand Inqueft, and carried . fome of them to the Seffions at Maidffone in Kent, and he fhowed them, among others, to Mr. Eake, a Bench- er of the Middle-Temple, who had One of them and . brought it to London,the Truth of it was averr'd by many that faw the Fifhes lye fcattered all over that Field, and none in cther the Fields thereto adjoining : The Quanti- ty of them was eftimated to be about a Bufhel, being all — together, Mr, Lake gave the Charge at thofe Seflions. — | QUT). VIL. The way of making Pitch, Tarr, Rofin and Turpentine near Marteilles ; communicated in a X Letter from Nifmes, by Mr. Thomas Bent, to Dr. Welfted. | ‘Ive Leagues from Marfeilles are very high Moun- ^ tains, which are (for the moft part) covered with | Forefts of Pine-Trees, which there grow wild, half a League out of the Road you fee the making of Pitch, Tar, Rofin and Turpentine, which is thus; viz. in the Spring | time when the Sap runs moft, they pare off the Bark of | the Pine to make the Sap run down into an Hole, which they cut at the Bottom to receive it, as it runs it leaves. a Cream or Cruft behind it, which they takeand temper in Water and fell by a cheat for white Bees-Wax, that _ they make clambeaus of, and isa great deal dearer; then ‘they take up the Juice in Spoons from the Bottom, and after they have fo gottena good Quantity, they ftrain it through a Grocer's Basket, fuch as they put up their M/a- Jaga Raiins in, that which runs through eafily is the common Turpentine; then they take that which re- mains above, and adding a fufficient Quantity of Water, diftill in an Alembick, that which is fo diftill'd is Oyl. of | Turpentine, and the Calx that remains is common Rofin ; | then thy cut the Stock of the Tree intolarge Chips, and | pile them hollow ina Cave, covering it onthe Top with | Tiles, but fo as to let fome Air come in to feed the Fire, | then burning them there runs a thick Juice down to the bottom, where they may make a {mall Hole for it to run | out at (a larger Hole would fet it all in a Flame) andthat which fo runs out is Tar ; then they take of that, and boiling it gently over again, to confume more of the. . Moifture, they fet it to cool, which when cool is Pitch. ij Xx2 VIII. Ex- ( 292 ) VIII. Extra& from the Regifters of the Philofo- phical Society at Oxford, Odober 7. 1684. Concerning a Woman who voided the Bones of a Fetus, above the Os Pubis, and by other extraordinary ways. A Al Argaret Parry of the Parifh of Xintbury in Berk- fhire, inthe Year 1668. was delivered of a Child, fhe continued indifferently well Two or Three Days af- ter her Delivery ; then new Pains came upon her, and for Three Weeks together there came from her daily fome Quantity of Corruption, with Pieces of Flefh and Skin; and fhe continued dangeroufly ill for about Eight Weeks, at the end of which time fhe was relieved, asis — {uppofed by taking a Potion which was prefcribed her; — — after Two Years fhe began to breed again, bad Three — Children in the Three Years following, all which were drawn from her by Violence ; during her lying in with the laft of thefe Three Children, fome Bones of a Fetus came from her, after this feveral other Bones came away with her Catamenia, and feveral (among{t which were divers parts of the Skull, and fome of the larger Bones of the Body of a Fetus.) work’d their way by degrees through the Flefh above the Os Pubs. : The Woman is now alive (OcfeZer 1684.) and in Health; all the Children were born. perfect. | IX.. Part i. UAR F | | (982 | EX: Part. of a Letter Pig Dr. Aíhe, Lord Bifbop of Cloyne, dated March the 26th 1687. concerning the Effects of. pagi the Vertues of Macey od &c. | Lo. lie in the sit of Kilkenny I obferved a very remarkable Inítance of the Force of Imapina- | tion upon the Fetus, 'twas a Girl called Elizabeth Dooly, | of about Thirteen Years of Age, whofe Mother being: | with Child of her, was frighted by a Cow as fhe milked: | it, and hit withthe Teat on the left Temple within One | Eighth of an Inch from her Eye, in which very Placethe Girl has a piece of Flefh growing exactly like a Cows. Teat in Bignefs, Shape, Gc. except that it has a Bone: | in the Midft of it, which reaches. above half the length, - | this Piece of. Flefh is perforated, and fhe weeps through. it, when the laughs it wrinkles up, it grows.in Propor-- tion to the reft of her Body, Met is as fenfible there as in: any other Part. pi sottile di aa March the Third: in the Evening we had very much: - | Thunder, and that and the next Day the Mercury in the | Barometer was much lower than ever Lobferved it, vzz.- | but 5 above Twenty Eight Inches.. : On Friday Night, the 18th of this Month, T obferved: | here the Occultation of Saturn. by the Moon, which: | happened at 124, 13'. 55”. it paísd dire@ly under the: | midft of the Moon's Difcus,. the fpightful Clouds hinders. ed our Emerfion.. m : Dr.. N * Bre ( 294 ) Dr. Mullen tryed lately an Experiment upon the fa- mous Irif Herb called, Backesboy or Titkimalis Ed nicus, which is by the Natives reported to be fo ftronga Purge, that even the carrying it about one ia their Cloaths is fufficient to produce the Effect ; this fabulous Story which has long prevail'd, he prov'd fale, by car- rying its Roots for Three Days in his Pocket, without any Alteration of that fort. ~ ~ - A Quarry of white Marble is lately difcovered in the. County of Avtrim, a Specimen of which was brought to. | us; ‘tis of an extreamly fine Grain, foft at firft, but " grows very hard afterwards, like your Portland. | | Stone. (299) X. Extra& fom the Minutes of the Philofophical Society at Oxford, Feb. 8. 2683. a Wh Rufma and Alcanna. XR. Plot fhewed us fome of the Tarki/b Rufma and Alcanna, which he lately received from Mr. Smith, Student of Chroff-Church, and Chaplain to the Factory at Smyrua, who writes of the Ufe of the Rafma in man- ner following ; The black Earth, which feemis as if it were burnt, muft be beaten in an Iron or Marble Mor- tarto 4 fine Powder, and fifted diligently ; when you ufe it take One part of the faid Powder, and Two Parts of unflack’d Lime, put thefe mixed together i into a Lin- nen Rag, which infulé in warm Water the {pace of a * Quarter of an Hour, or till it becomes of a Black Colour, then apply to. the Place from: wheace you would take the Hair; as foon as the Hair begins to be loofe, the part i : D E | V^ x e = , c : eme " ;! E) SS ». i 4 Dp ' Dr muft be waíh'd with warm Water and Soap: Thus far — of the Rufma. The Alcanna is the Leaf of a Plant dried and powdered, which when ir a ECT in Wine, will: die the Nails Red. XI. Zo: ( 296 ) XI. To give Ironthe Colour and TinG&ure of Cop- per. Communicated by Sir Rob. Southwell, F. R. S. Eee. d ‘Ake of fmall thin Copper Pieces clean'd in the Fire 3j-of Aqua Fortis Zij.which being together in a Glaís the Copper in Three or Four Hours will be diffolv'd, when 'tis cold you may ufe it, by wafhing with a Feather upon your Iron, that is prefently made clean and {mooth and it will prefently take the Colour of Copper, when it cometh out with much rubbing you may renew it again, but if you do it twice together, the Iron will look black. XIL. Away of Gnilding Gold upon Silver. Com- | municated by tbe fame. | Eat a Ducket thin, and diffolve it in Two Ounces of Aqua Regia, then dip therein a .clean Rag, and let © the fame dry, and do it again and again till all the faid Liquor be foak'd up, then burn the faid Rag, and with the Tinder thereof let Silver be rub'd, ufing therewith a. lictle Spittle, and if by chance the Silver will not take, — then hold it to the Fire to take away all manner of Greafe — | and it will notfail. - E Memorandum, This Method is known to very few — Goldfmiths in Germany. si | | | 4 ! 1 l ( 297 ) XIU. A Letter of Dr. John Wallis, to Mr. An- drew Fletcher “concerning the firange Effects reported of Mufick ig Former Times, beyond what is to be found in Later Ages, S/R, | Oxford, Aug. 18. 1698. à d E Queftion you lately propofed to me (by a Friend of yours) concerning. Mufick; was not, Whence it comes to país that Mufick hath fo great an In- fluence or Efficacy on our Affe&ions, Paflions, Motions, Sc, But whence it is that thefe great effe&ts which are reported of Mufiek in Former Times, (of Orpheus, Am- phion, &c.) are not as well found to follow upon the Mufick of Later Ages. : If that firft had been the Queftion; Whence it is that | Mufick Operates on our Fancies, Affections, Paffions, Motions, @e. and not ours only, but of other Animals, (for it is manifeft that Birds and Beafts are affected with , Mufical Notes as well as Men:) Andeven as things inanis mate) for ’tis well known, that of two Unifone-Strings, _ though at fome diftance, if one be ftruck,*the other will | move.) | | I fay, if this werethe Queftion, I muft, in anfwer to it, have difcourféd of the Nature of Sounds, produced by fome Subtile Motions in the Air, propagated and conti | nued to the Ear and Organs of Hearing, and thence com- | municated to the Animal Spirits ; which excite fuitable Imaginations, Affe&ions, Paffions, (9c. and thefe at- $ tended with conformable Motions and Actions, and ac= ? cording to the various Proportions, Meafüres, and Mix- | tures of fuch Sounds, there do arife various Effects in the 3 Mind or Imagination, fuitable thereunto. Thus the rough Xy | Mufick UU RS T e SN Mead rr | ( 298 ) | Mufick of Drums and Trumpets, is apt to produce Cou-.—— rage and Fiercenefs in. Martial Minds; and more or lefs | according to the Degrees of Roughnefs. And fweeter Sounds of more fedate Mufick, are apt to excite fofter Paffions, and of differest Kinds and Degrees, according to the Slownefs or Swiftnefs, Loudneís or Calmnefs, Acutenefs or Gravity, and the various Meafures and Mixtures of fuch Mufical Sounds. The Animal Spirits beinz apt to receive Impreffions anfwerable to thofe fub- tile Motions, communicated to them from the Organs . of Hearing. | IU But the Queftion you move is only of the Comparative Effeds cf Mufick reported to have been in the Days of old, bey ond what appears upon that of later Ages. | [n anfwer to which, there are many thingsto becon- — — fidered : | | r. I take it for granted, That much of thofe Reports — — is highly Alyperbolical, and next door to Fabulous; ac- cording to the Humour ofthofe Ages, termed by Hifto- rians, Zempus Mythicum, (the Fabulous Age) for (whate- ver may be thought of Men, Beafts and Birds, no Man can think that the Trees and Stones did Dance after their Pipe, And even in more modeft Times, the Poetical Stories of Olympus, Atlas, and other Mountains, reach- ing up to Heaven, are much beyond what is now to be found in thofe Parts where they are faid to havebeen; _ and many Mountains now well known (as the Alps, the _ Apennines, the Pike of Zeneriff). are much higher than their Atlas or Olympus. And their Famed Tyéer is but a. Ditch compared with our Zhames. And like Abate- ments we muft allow to the Hyperbolical Elogies of their: Mufick. | X LEA Di | 2. We muft confider, That Mufick (to any tolerable. - Jegree) was then (if not a Nem, at leaft) a Rare Thing, which the Rufticks, on whom it is reported to me : | uch. — 299.) {uch Effects, had never heard before : and ox Such, a little | Mufick will do great Feats, As we find at this Day, a Fiddle or a Bag-pipe, among a Company of Country Fellows and Wenches (who never knew better) or at a . Country Morrice-Dance, will make them skip and fhake their Heels notably. (And the like heretofore, to a Sheperd's Reed or Oaten-Pipe) And when fome fuch thing happened amongft thofe Rufticks of Old, Thar, - with fomewhat of ZZyperele ,' would make a great Noife. — : .3. Weare to confider that their Mufick (even after it came to fome good Degree of Perfection) was much more plain and fimple thanours now a-days. They had not Conforts of Two, Three, Four or more Parts or Voices : But one fingle Voice or fingle Inftrument, a-part; Which, to a rude Ear, is much more taking than more compounded Mufick. And we find that a fimple Jig, fung or play'd on a Fiddle or Bag Pipe, doth more affect - acompany of Rufticks, than a fet of Vials and Voices. . For that is at a Pitch not above their Capacity 5. where- as this other confounds it, with a great Noife, but no- thing diftinguifhable to their Capacity. Like fome deli- cate Sauce made up of a Mixture of many Ingredients ; ‘which may yield an agreeable Tafte, but.not fo as to di- ftinguifh the particular Relifh of any one: But Honey or Sugar by itfelf, they could underftand and Relifh with a ‘more particular Gufto. - | | 4. Weare to confider, That Mafick with the Ancients . wasof a larger extent than what we call Mufick now a-days: For Poetry and Dancing (or comely. Motion) were then accounted parts of Mufick, when Mufick arri- .. ved to fome Perfe&ion. Now we know that Verfe of it felf, if in good Meafures and AffeCtionate Language, and this fet to a Mufical Tune, and fung by a decent Voice, .and accompanied but with foft Mufick (inftrumental) if | : Y y 3008 any, ( 300 ) | any, fuch as not to drown or obfcure the emphatick Exprefiions’ (like what we call Recitative-Mufick) will work ftrangely upon the Ear, and move Affections fuira- ble to the Tune and Ditty ; (whether Brisk and Pleafant, or Soft and Pitiful, or Fierce and Angry, or Moderate and Sedate) efpecially if attended with a Gefture and AGtion fuitable. (For ’tis well known, that fuitable AG- ing on a Stage, gives great Life to the Words.) Now all this together (which were all Ingredients in what they called Mufick) muft needs operate ftrongly on the Fan- cies and Affections of ordinary People, unacquainted with fuch kind of Treatments. For, if the deliberate reading of a Romance (when well penn'd) will produce Mirth, Tears, Joy, Grief, Pitty, Wrathor Indignation, — fuitable to the refpective Intents of it, much more would it fo do, if accompanied with all thofe Attendants. 5. You will ask perhaps, Why may not all this be now done, as well as that? I anfwer, no doubt it may, ..and with like Effe@, if an Addrefs be made, in proper Words with moving Arguments, in juft Meafures (Poe- - tical or Rhetorical) with the Emphatick Words, Words fet in fignal Places, pronounced with a good Voice, and a true Accent, and attended with a decent Gefture; and all thefe fuitably adjufted to the Paffion, Affection, or temper of Mind, particularly defigned to be produc'd, (beitjoy, Love, Grief, Pitty, Courage or Indignation) will certainly now, as well as then, produce great Effects upon the Mind, efpecially upon a Surprize, and where Perfons are not otherwife pre-engagd: And if fo ma- naged as that you be (or feem to be) in earneft ; and, if not over-acted by apparent Affectation. A ( 301 ) 6. We are to confider that the ufual Defiga of whae we now call Mufick, is very different from that of the Ancients. What we now call Mufck, is but what they called Harmonick ; which was but one Part of their Mu- fick (confifting of Words, Verfe, Voice, Tune, Inftru- ment and Acting) and we are not to expec the fame Eflect of one Piece as of the whole. And, of their ZZar- monick at firít, when we are told (by a great ZZyper£ole) ' that it did draw after it, not Men only, but Birds, Beafts, - Trees and Stones: this is no more (bating the Z7yper- bole) but what we now fee daily in a Country-Town; " when Boys, and Girls, and Country-folk, rua after a Bag-pipe or a Fidler (efpecially if they had never feen the like before) ; of which we are apt (even now) to fay, All the Town runs afterthe Fidler ; or, the Fidler draws all the Town after him; or, as when they flock abouta Ballad-Singer in a Fair, or the Morrice-Dancers at a Whitfund Ale. And all their Hyperbole’s can fignifie no more but this; when their Mufick was but a Reed or an open Pipe. 7. It’s true, that when Mufick was arrived to greater Perfection, it was then applied to particular Defigas of exciting this or that particular Affection, Paffion or Temper of Mind ; (as Courage to Soldiers in the Field; - - Love, in an Amorous Addrefs; Tears and Pitty, ina Doleful Ditty ; Fury and indignation, in a Fiercer Tune; and aSedate Temper when applyed to compofe or paci- fy a Furious Quarrel; ) the Tunes and Meafures being fuitably adapted to fuch Defigas. | : /. 8. But fuch Defigns as thofe, feem almoft quite neg- lected in our prefent Mufick. The chief Defign now, in our moft accomplifh’d Mufick, being to pleafe the Ear ; when, by a fweet Mixture of different Parts and Voices, with juft Cadences and Concords intermix'd, a DAP | Sound. ) . É 302 ) Sound is produced to pleaíe the Ear; (as a Cook's well tempered Sauce doth the Palate;) which to a common Ear is only a confufed Noife of they know not what (though fomewhat Pleafing) while only the judicious Mufician can difícern and difünguifh the juft Pro- portions. | 9. "Tis true, that even this Compound Mufick admits of different Chara&ters ; fome is more Brisk and Airy ; _ others more Sedate and Grave; others more Languid ; as the different Subje&ts do require. » But that which is . moft proper to excite particular Paffions or Difpofitions, is {uch as is more fimple and uncompounded: fuchas a Nurfes Languid Tune, lulling her Babe to fleep; or a continued reading in an even Tone; or even the foft Murmur of a little Rivulet, running upon Gravel or Pibbles, inducing a quiet Repofe of the Spirits: And contrarywife, the Brisknefs of a Jig, on a Kit or Violine, exciting to Dance. Which are more Operative to fuch » particular Eads, than an elaborate Compofition of Full Mufick : Which Two differ as much as that of a Cook's mixing a Sauce to make it Palatable ; and that of a Phy-- fician mixing a Potion for curing a particular Diftemper, . or procuring a juft Habit of Body (where yet, a little Su- . gar to Íweeten it may not do amifs.) - 10. To conclude then; If we aim only at pleafing the Ear, by a fweet Confort, I doubt not but our modern .. Compofitions may equal, if not exceed thofe of the An-. cients: Among{t whom I do not find any Foot-fteps of what we call feveral Parts or Voices, (as Bafs, Treble, Mean, &c. fung in Confort) anfwering each other to compleat the Mufick. But if we would have our Mu- fick fo adjufted as to excite particular Paffion, Affe&ions, or Temper of Mind (as that of the Ancients is fuppofed to have done) we muft then imitate the Phyfician rather than ( 303) than the Cook; and apply more fimple Iagredients, fitted to the Temper we would produce. For in the {weet - Mixture of compounded Mufick, one thing doth fo cor- re& another, that it doth not operate ftrongly any one way. And this, T doubt not, but a judicious Compofer may fo effect, (that with the: Help of fuch Hyperbole’s, as with which the Ancient Mufick is wont to be fet off ) our Mufick may be faid to.do as great Feats ; as any. of theirs. Tam, $ IR, "s uh P on ‘Your very Humble Servant, .Jous Watus. XIV. Ap: € 304 ) XIV. An Account of Books. 1, Bafis Botanica; fen, Brevis ad rem Herba- riam Manuduéiio, omnes Plantarum partes, una cum earumdem Virtutibus fccundum novif- fima Botanicorum Fundamenta generali quadam Metbodo commonftrans edita a D. Chriftano Ludovico Welíchio Lipf. 1697. 12r. H E Author of this Treatife, who was a Difciple of Dr. ZZerman's, profefles to follow chiefly Fun- gius, Hlermannus, Rivinus, and Mr. Ray in it. After gi- ving an Account of the Ufefulnefs of the Study of Herbs, he divides Plants into Trees, Shrubs and Plants, He treats afterwards of their Root,Fandus,Stalk, Leaf, Flow- er and Fruit: From the Two laft of which he thinks the Plant ought to have its place.He has likewife fome Rules concerning the Virtues of Plants. But the greateft part of the Book is a Catalogue of the moft part of the Plants growing in their Climate, whether Wild or in Gar- 2. Juli ( 305 ) vu ads Jali Pflugk equitis Saxonici epiftola ad perilluftrem atq; — — Generofifimum Virum. Ludovicum a Seckendorff Virum de utraq; republica meritifimum, preter fata bibliothece — Budenfis, librorum quoq; in ultima expugnatione reper- torum catalogum exhibens. Fen. 1688. in 8vo. "4p ‘His Letter (which has about 112 pages). vas ine HL tended to be publifhed at the Requeft of Daniel Georgius Morbefius looner, had not the Author thought Zol/;us would have undertook thisTask.This Library was firfi gathered by Matthias Corvinus (who died 4z.1490.) from all parts of the World,confifting both of PrintedBooks and Manufcripts; Printing being then Young,he kept Wri- ters in many Places toenrich his Library in what it want- . ed from Greck, he got many Hebrew, Greek and Latin . Books from Conftantinople and Greece, when thofe Places were taken; 40 or 50000 Books were faid to be in the Li- brary, of Printed and Manuícript. Bofmannus Cardina- - lu offer'd the Zarks for them 200000 Nummi Imperiales. When Buda was taken by the Zurks, this Library was . pillag’d by the Soldiers, Buseckius bought many of them, - and brought them to Vienna; Fobannes Sambucus pur- — echafed many- of them, which are now alío the Empe- - ror's.Billibaldus Birckbeimerus,got fome which now be- - long to the Royal Society. The Remainder which was at Buda when it was taken, are here given an Account of in a Catalogue taken by a Miffionary Jefuit. — At the — Clofe of the Book is a Catalogue of fome Manuícripts - formerly belonging to this Library, which are now in that of the Duke of Wo/fenbatell. is Zz Differtatioue ( 306 ) 3. Differtatione epiftolare del fosforo minerale fia della pietra. illuminabile Bolognefe, 2 Sapieuti ed eruditi fig- nori Collettori degli atta eruditorum di Lipfia, fcritta da Luigi Ferdinando Conte Marfigli, Sc. Lipf. 1698. in 4to. His. Differtation which has 31 Pages, was defigned .. to be prefented from the Author to Mr. Boyle, but has been laid afide fince his Death till now. This Bono- nian-Stone is found ‘Three Miles from Bononia in the Mountain Paderno, or Eight Miles weftward from thence, in thatHill called Predalbino.There are found with it Red- bole, Efflorefcencesof Salt, round and fquare Marcafites, and Plaifter Gypfum or Geflo. - ‘He defcribes the Fibres of the Stone which many times run to a common Center,whichisfome Earth.To make it fhine, it is prepared by grating the Stone fmooth with a File,dipping it in Brandy ; after which it is rouled in feme fine Powder of the fame Stone,and calcin'd in an openFur- nace,being plac'd in the middie of liveCharcoal. When the _ Stone is calcin'd the Cruft is taken off, and the Surface of the Stone, which is become Yellowifh, when exposd to the Light Air, imbibes the Light, and Shines like a Coal in the Dark. It will not be calcin'd into Lime. The Stone fhines in Water, and receives the Light in Oyl of Nuts, but will not emit it till it be out of it. At the End of this Treatife is an Account of Plaifter or Geflo, of the feveral Kinds of it, and where they are dug. He tells us, That the Workers in it, infome Days time, — are cured of the Itch, either by means of its adftringent — Quality or Sulphur. The whole Treatife is illuftrated with variety of Figures. : : t: Tut A4 e y LAS "P - (397 ), XV. A Catalogue of fome Books lately Printed, or now Printing beyond Sea. TM D'Italia in Inghelterra, defcritione Geogra- fico-hiftorica facro- profana, antico- moderna e natu- rale, del padre Maeftro Vincenzio Coronelli Ven. 169 7. .$ Vol. in 8vo. Ephemerides Barometrice Mutinenfes anni 1694. una. cum difquifitione caufz afcenfus ac defcenfus Mercurii in Torricelliana fiftula juxta diverfum aeris ftatum Ber- nardini Rammazini, his accefiere epiftolze Jo. Bapt. Bocca- badati & D. Francifci Torti. Mutin. 1695. in 8vo. - Della natura de 'fuimi Trattato fifico- matematico del. Dottore Domenico Guglielmini in cui fi manifeftano le , principale proprieta de fiumi fe n'dicano molte fin hora non conofciute, € fi dimoftrano d'una maniera facile le- eaufe delle medefi ime, Bol. 1697. 4to. Hiftoire nouvelle des anciens Ducs, & autres Souve- rains de l'achipel. avec la defription desIfles, & des chofes. les plus remarqu'ables qui fy’ voyent encore aujourd'huy. Paris, 1698. 12mo. The following Book is printing at Helmftad, zm Folio. Hiftoria Horti Helmftadienfis Plantarum maximam partem exoticarum & rariorum {ub colo Academiz: Julie hactenus propagatarum Nomina, Defcriptiones,. Culturam & Vires nec non infigniores nonnullarum Icones. exbibens Opera Fobannis Andree Stiferi, Med. Prof. ‘Ord, ADVER- (308 ) ADVERTISEM E N T. dj dus E Firft Paper publifbed Numb.2 42. p.246. was fent or brought out of \reland byMr Keneda,an Apo- thecary in Edenburgh, amd communicated by him to Sir Rob. sibald, Dr. Balfour, and [ome others, about Seven- teen Tears ago. 3 ERRAT f P Umb. 24. Page 180. in the laft Line fave Three dele the, p. 18r. N l 14, 1$. read a burning Heat in, &c. 1 23 read Throbbing of the Heart. p. 482. |. 9. read in the fame time. |. 22. for which read and. 1. 26,27. a-parenthefis to begin at (either ; end at any other way.) Let that whole Pa- ragraph end thus, do, in fome meafure, argue the Probability of fuch a Paffage. p. 184. | 6. read meafure. 1. 6,7. read Man of an extraordinary Size was communicated, &c, , Numb. 242. .p. 259. l. 22. read but the whole generally cold. py. 261.123, after it, place a Colon. | »- LONDON: Printed for Sam.Smib, and Benj Walford, — Printers to the Royal Society, at the Prinee’s Arms — in St. Paul’s Church-Yard. 1698. a (809) . Numbo44. ndm PHILOSOPHICAL | TRANSACTIONS. |For the Month of September, 1698. Tie CONTENTS I. Part of a Letter from Ralph Thoresby, Efg;. - .F. R. S. to John Evelyn, Efg; F. R. S. con- — cerning fome Roman Antiquities lately found in Yorkfhire. 1I. An Account of fone In- dian Plants, ¢c. with their Names, De- {criptions and Vertues; Communicated in a Letter from Mr. James Petiver, Apothecary, - and Fellow of tbe Royal Society 5 to Mr. Sa- muel Brown, Surgeon, at Fort St. George. Ill. Part of a Letter from Mr. Butterfield from Paris, Sept. 7. 1699. to Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Phyftctans and R. S. _ concerning Maguetical Sand. .1V. An OL. | AAA jection e iav ( 310 ) jection to the new Hypotbefte of the Genera- tion of Animals from Animalcula in Semine Mafculino. By Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Phyficians and Royal Society. V. An Abftract with fome Refle&lions on a new Account of Eaft-India. and Perfiay in Eight Letters, being Nine Years Travels, begun 1672. and finifbed 1681, &c. By John Fryer, M. D. Cantabrig. and Fellow of the - Royal Society. Printed for R.Chilwelat the Rofe and Crown ia $t, Paul's Church-Yard. 1698. he 5 I. Part of a Letter frow Ralph Thoresby, E/fq; F.R.S, to John Evelyn, E/g; F. R. S. con- cerning [ome Roman Antiquities lately found in Yorkíhire. - 'IX Monthsagol fent to Dr. Lzffer a large Account of the Texture and Figure of an old Reman Shield of the Parma Kind, that I had then newly procured; I have fince got another Curiofity relating to their Plafticks, 'tis part of the Bottom (which confifted of feveral fuch Pieces for the Conveniency of Baking) of an old Roman Coffin. that was lately dug up in their Burying-Place out of Boutham-Bar at Tork, (whence I had the Bricks and Urns mentioned in the laft November Traníactions) "tis of the Red Clay but not fo fine as the Urns, having a A greater Quantity of courfe Sand wrought in with the. Clay ; as to the Form (which is entire as it was at firft ^ moulded) ‘tis Fourteen Inches and an half long, and : | inf | about — ( 311:) | - about Eleven broad at the narrower End, and nigh: '. Twelve and an half at the broader ; this was the loweft: part, for the Feet and the reft were proportionably broader till it came to the Shoulders; ’tis an Inch tbicle befides the Ledges,which are One broad and Two thick, and extend from the bottom of either fide to within: Three Inches of the top, where ’tis wholly flat, and. - fomewhat thinner for the next to lye upon it, which fe- veral Parts were thus joyn'd togetier by fome Pin, F prefume, for at the ead of each Tile is a Hole that wou'd: receive a common Slate-Pin, thefe Edges are wrought a little hollow, to receive the Sides, I fuppofe, and at the: Feet are Two contrary Notches to faften the End- piece, this Bottom I fhouid conclude to have confifted ftri&ly of Eight fuch Parts, from a like Character 8 impreft up-. - on the Clay by the Sasdapilarius's Finger before its Ba- king, but that I fomewhat coubt whether Numeral Fz- -gures be of that Antiquity in thefe European Parts, tho’ fee no reafon to conclude that becaufe the Romans ufed: the Numeral Letters upon their more durable Monu- ments, that they were utterly Strangers to thefe Figures, —— which (notwithftanding the common Opinion of their Novelty here) the learned Dr. Wallis thinks as old at leaft, as the Times of Hermannus Contrattus, An. Dom. . 1050. and produces an unexceptionable Teftimony of their Ufe here in England |n. 1133. (Philofoph. Tranfatt.. Numb..r54.) | got alfo fome Scars of broken Urns, - dug up in Mr. GZ/es's Garden, which are of the fineft. blew Clay I have feen, with which was found a Roman: Shuttle, about Three Inches and an half long, but not - one broad in the very middle, the hollow for the Licium being but one fourth of an Inch in the broadeft Place, fhews that it was either for Silk or very fine Linnen, per- " haps their Asbeftinum or incombufüble Winding-Sheets. XM I have alío lately procur’d a Roman Pottle from Ald- i i brough,, | C312) rough, which is of the Red Clay, but much courfer than tbe York Urns: I was well pleafed to find it whole, that I might obferve the difference betwixt their Congius Cof which I take this to be ftriétly the half) and our Gallon, and this comes the nigheft Mr. Graves's Compu- tation, containing Three Pints and an half the Wscheffer Meafure. The laft Week I received a valuable Prefent of Two and Twenty old Roman Coins, from Mr. Zownely of Towzely, which were lately found in the Parifh of Burz- ley in Lancafbire, which are the more acceptable, becaufe many of them are Confular, or Family Coins, one of them, viz. Q.Cafius,was 162 Years ante Chriftum accor- ding to Goltzius’s Method, being ftri@ly the fame he places Au. Urb. Cond. 589. That they were the ancient Roman Denarii,and Coin'd before the Emperors Times (notwithftanding the contra- ry Sentiments of fome Learned Men) I think is evident, becaufe there is moftly, inftead of the Emperor's Head, the antick Form of the Caput Urbs, without Infcription, befides, Zacztus calls thefe Bigati and Quadrigati, pecus niam veterem ac diu notam: Again others have uponthem ROMA, which I find not ufed by any of the Emperors, . (except thofe fimall Pieces upon the Tranflation of the Empire to Conftantinople) again, the Letters in thefe are often interwoven, as particularly V-L in one I have of L. Valerius Flaccus A.V.C. CDXCIL which according to Goltzius, is the Seventh Year after the Romans firít ftampt Silver Monies; and to mention no more, many are of the Serrato's filed in fmall Notches round the Edge, of which Sort I have of Scipio Afratzcus, Gc. and other Confular Pieces, but never faw any of a later Date. ; IL. Az ii 313 ) | Ti. 42 Account of fome Indian Plants, Gee. — Witb their Names, Defcriptions and Vertues ; Communicated in a Letter from Mr. James Pe- tiver; Apothecary and Fellow of tbe Royal | Society ; to Mr. Samuel Brown, Surgeon at Fore St. George. | | tw LR 4 Y Opinion of the Plants you collected at /z- nercoonda, about Twelve Miles from Fort St. George, as you defired, are as follows ; in the fame Order, and under thole Malabar Names and Numbers you fent them to me : vzz. | | - 3x. Vellaiengeel maraum Malabar, = — x. Arbor Madrafpatana floribus hexapetalis beptapetalifve, names. fructu -coronato. en — This is a fort of Z4ugolam, of which there are Two Kinds defcribed in the Hortus Malabaricus, viz. Vol. 4. Tab. 17. Pag. 39. and Tab.26. p. 55. Lo "Ehe Fruit of this having but one.round flat Kerzel, | agrees with the Defcription of the laft, but the Leaves | feem rather to refemble the firft, viz. thofe in Zab. 17. — AN. B. You fay, where Maraum is added it fignifies a - great Tree; the fame I have formerly remarkt in the — Hhrt. Malabar. of Mara and Maram, vid. Comel, in Not. |. H. Mal. Vol. 2. Tab. 49. p. 96. D 2. Naiureevee Malab. DEA ! Dr. Plukenet, that moft accurate Dotanift in his Phyto. names. | -grapbia, Tab. 1o. Fig. 4, calls this Amaranthus fpicatus Dittamni Cretici folio Maderafpatenfis, whofe Figure re- E - Aaa i .. fembles ( 314) fembles this Plant very well while young, but the Leaves - when full grown, are much larger, and the Spike longer, Vertues. gen:rally turning inwards.’ The Hortus Malabaricus feems to defcribe this in the 10th Volum, Tab. 78. Pag. 155. under the Name cf Cadelari, which the Brach- mans or Brammins call Cante Mogaro, aícribing thefe Ver- tues to it, viz. That the Decoéfion takes away Swellings, abates the Sharpnefs of @rine, and eafes the Stone; mixt with the Oy! Sergelin it {tops pifling of Blood. The Root purges ; being bruifed and boyl'd in Butter, it cures a Dyfentery ; a Drink of it ftrengthens the Stomach, expels Wind, corrects Phlegm, and breaks the Stone in the Bladder ; being applied to the Arm it cures Agues; bruifed and drank in Wine is good for the Gravel, provoking Urine, efpecially in ZZydropick Perfons ; mixt with Lemons it kills Zettars, and takes away Swellings under the Chin, - . Sc. the Seed powder'd and ínuft up the Nofé cures the Head ach. ! | Foannes Commelinus, in his Notes on the Hortus Ma. Jab. takes this Plant to be the Verbena Indica Bontii zn his Hiftor. Natural. L7d. 6. cap. 54. p. 150. (and I think not improperly) therefore it may nct, I hope, be amifs to fubjoin its Vertues with the aforegoing, viz. That the Natzves of Fava and they themfelves having learnt of them, apply the Leaves of this Plant bruifed to Vicers in the Thighs with good Succefs; becaufe it drics very much, which Quality is there very beneficial, . by reafon the Conftitution of the Zr in thofe parts is bot and moift, which renders the @/cers very ftubborn and difficult to cure. i : "Tbey give alfo a Spoonful of the frefh Juice of it in Colick Pains, Dyfenteries, and without Diftinction in all _ affects of the Bowels with very great Succefs; being — bruied — - Whorles on a Verticillated Plant. ( 315) bruifed and mixt with Vinegar, they apply it to the Breaff in Swoonings, and all tainting Fits. - | He farther fays, the India» Old Women efteem ic there as a facred Hefb, and hold it very good for fuch as are Bewitcht, or under an Evil Toxgue. | | This nicely differs from the Amaranthus Siculus fpi. Compara- : i B " : five jf. catus radice perennz Boccont, Zab. 9 p. 16. in having ference f rounder Leaves, and thofe lefs white or hoary underneath. 3. Nucheela Ma/ab, 3. Vitex Madraípatana felia latioribus digitatu, floribus names. racemofis. : sour | | This differs from the Common in having its Leaves fome- what broader, and its Mowers more {parft (or fpread copas, abroad) like thofe of Grapes on thort Footftalks, whereas tive Dif- the Common grows clote and at fet Diftances, like thet" The Fruit in Bignefs and Colour refembles Black and Pepper, but is fmooth and fhining, fet in a large Bell- _ fathioned cinereous Calyx or Cup, and covers about half Defoiption. the Frait, which is very hard, and fo folid, that you . can fcarce diftinguifh any Kernel it hath, but as it were, an intire woody Subftance and altogether ix/pid. - . 4. Nella poonee Malab, — — ae Arbufcula Madraípatana floribus exiguis racemiferis. — Names. The Leaves of this are many times only trifolzated, p.i. and fometimes wénged ; it has a racemoíe Flower like the - Jaft, but fmaller; I thall fufpend my Judgment as to what particular Geuus it may belong to, until I receive it in Ripe Fruit. | $. Parawootan chedde Malab. — - 5. Baccifera racemofa Madra{patana Fuglandis folio nigris Names. maculis elegantér afperfts. | - Its Berrzes grow in Cluffers, are round, black and Dodo. coronated, no bigger than Pepper, each has a large Xer- | "wel and but little Pa/p, which tafts not unpleafant; its "A34. 2 Leaves Names... Veripes.. Place, Wis Wames. | ( 316 ) | Leaves grow oppofite and. are remarkably fprinkled with black 5pecks, | . 6. Neer Mulle Mala. - - Adbatoda Malabarica Spinofa Echii folio. The Hortus: Malabaricus firft. gave us the Figure and Defcription of this ftrange Diuretick Plant, in the 2d. Vol. Tab. 45. p. 87. under the Malabar Name ot Babel Schulli, fince which Dr. Plukenet hath figured it in his Phyt Tab. 133. Fig. 4. fliling tt Anchafa angufti-folia vcrücillis longis aculeis armata € Maderafpatan &*Alm. Dot. 30. Cay I thal omit’ the Defcription of it here, becaufe that moft worthy Botanift Mr. Fobn. Ray, in his FZiffer. Plant. p. 1731. hath given it from the. ZZertus Malab. under the Denomination of Geniffa fpinofa Indica verticillata flore purpureo ceruleo feuSpartium {pinofum filiqua geminata. Since. you tell me, Sir, itis a great Dzewretick, and that you have feen this and reand Pepper boyl'd in Water and drank Morning and Night cure the Afcites ina Por- tuguefe-Woman of 55 Years of Age; I hope it may not be amifs to tell you what Vertues the Hortus Malabar.at- cribes to it, viz. «OR That a Decoclion of it provokes fupprefied Urine, and abates the Swe/ling of the Belly in Zfydropical Perfons, and being taken with the Oy/ ot the Ficus Znfermi (by which I fuppofe is meant the Ricinus Americanus or Palma Chrifli) it cures the. Drop/y as aforefaid, and breaks the Stowe; the fame externally applied diffolves Buboes. The Leaves alío Zoyl d and pickled, being eaten. are Diaretick. — The Hortus Malad. alío confirms what you rightly ob-. ferve, that this Plant grows in watry Places, andlamof — the Opinion that the Malabar Syllable Neer, with you, — fignifies Aguatick,as I find Nér.does in the HortusMalabe — 7. Nella Walle Malab. Cara Vecla Afort. Mal. V. 9. Tab. 24. p. 43. Veela & Tiloni Bram.6. B Five leaved Mock-Mufiard. “Sina. 28 (317 ) : Sinapifl rum Indicum pentsphyllum Due carneo minus non fpinofum ZZerm. Hort. Lugd, Bat. Although the Hort. Malab. does not give us this asa Plant certainly defcribed by iormer Authors, yet I find it has been known ever fince Profper Alpinus his time, Antiquity. which is now fomewhat more than 80 Years ago, he dying Az. Dom. 1616. ! For the feverai Synonyms of this Plast | refer vou to synnyms: Dr, Sloane's elaborate Catalogue of Jamaica Plants, p.8o. | only fubjoining this one to it, which Dr./sEeset,in his ca-* rious as well as copious Almageitum Botanicum,p.2 80.has fince added, viz. Papaver corniculatum acre quinque- ^ - folum Agyptiacum minus flore carneo non {piao-- fum. See a Defcription of it in Rad Hi iff, Pisae. cM Defcribtion, The whole Plant biuifed and mixt with the Juice of .. Raca palam, takes away Tettars by wathing with it; | - £oyld in Oyl it cures all Cutanedus Difeafes, par ticularly. |. the Leprofy. The reft of its Fertues are the fame with — the Aria veela, H. Mal. V. 9. Tab. 23. p. 41. which in . Rakim we nail have an Occa! fion to mention. 8. Neerchomboo Malad. 8. I cannot at prefent diftingnith this to be ia any. thing A an Englife different from our Common Typha or Cats-tail. . Neverthelefs, Lam very well pleafed to fee an Exglifh Plant an Inhabitant of fo remote a Part. ‘ , 9. Vellicaungerree Malas. 9. Mr. Richard Sambach, an ingenious Surgeon now living ‘at Worcefter, a Perfon whom you formerly knew, was T, ..: the-firft who brought. me this Plant from the aff Zudies - |. , * which, with many Suibone I communicated to that moft : — accurate Dotánift, Dr. P/»£eset, who has figured itinhis _ —- Phytogr. Tab. 120. Fig..5. and calls it, Ricinus Althea Nanc folio molli S incane Maderaf fpatanus (9. Ala, Bot: 321. Vertues. Vertues. IO. Names. if. Names, | ( 318 ) - "The Hortus Malab.had alío figured and defcribed i before in the zd. Vol. Tab. 39. p. 73. under the Mala- bar Name of Schorigenam, and by the Bram. Pitta Ga- .furculi, erroneoufly reckoning it amongft the Nettles, which induced that worthy Perfon, Mr. Ray, in his A7f. Plant. p. 160. to deferibe it under that ZzzZe ; but it be- ing a Tricoccon, is therefore truly, asabove, placed a- mongft the Ricini. : The Hort. Mala. aflerts that Rings made of the Root * of this Plant and wore on the Toes, cures Fevers arifing from Phlegm, and that a Decocfiow of it provokes Urine ; the Fuice of it drank in Cows Mé/k with Sugar cures the Itch and a Fever (as the Author terms it) in the Bones ; the Wood with the Berries bruifed and applyed, cures {uch as are wounded with the Sting- Raye. 1o. Shevanar weamboo Ma/ab, Anil Maderafpatana folis minimi confertis. This feems very well to agree with the-7Manel/i Hort. Malab. V. 9. Tab. 37. p. 69. which fays, the Flowers . are of a beautiful red,which I want to be truly mformed of, the Specimen you fent having Pods only. "M — ir. Marrellumetee Malad. — A. The Leffer Burdock or Xantbium. Xanthium five ( Lappa vel) Bardana minor Park. 122 5. . fig. bona. r. B. Vol. 3. Lib. 33. p. 572. Fig. Chabr. lc. 514. Lappa minor Xanthium Diofcorid C B. 198. Phyt. 373. Bardana minor Ger. 664. id. emac. 809. Fig. Ray Hift. Plant. 165. Synopf 129. & edit. 2. p. E This is a Native of Exg/and, yet found but in few Pla- - ces, tho’ pretty common in France, Spain, and Italy. 1 -— have lately received it from the Ifland of Coos colicéted a there by my induftrious Friend, Mr. Sam. Daniel, Sur- . geon; but you arethe fir that ever fent it me from the — Kal. Indies. | | | ( 319 ) . It's of a different Gesus from our. Bardaza ot greater Burdock, and refembles it only ia its hamated Spines, this being a Capfule or Husk about the Bignefs of a St. Lucar (or Luke) Olive, wherein are two Cells or Parti- tions, each containing one oval flattifh Kerze/, with a blackifh Film or Skin. | 12, .Carennucheel Malab.by theEnglifh at Fort St.George, 12. | Black Agnus Cajftus. Adhatoda Madra/patana Hydropiperis folio. . Names. : This Plant in Leaf and Flower very much refembles the Pada Codi of the Hort. Malab. Vol. 9. Tab. 42. a | - you pleafe to fend it me in Seed I can better judge *- OF 1f. | . : 13: Varamullee Ma/a.ColettaV eetlaZZert. 42/22. Vol. ix 9. Tab. 41. p. 77. Gontua Bram. Kathukarohiti Zey/o- i I sefibus. Contaíere Surratenftbus. ? CAN RET Made = . Adhatoda Malabarica tetracantha. Synonimss. - Lyciuni Zudicum Spinis quaternis ad fingulorum folio- rum ortum Parad. Bat. Prodr. Eryngium Zeylanicum . febrifugum floribus luteis D. Herman not. MSS. ad Zzer- barium fuum Vivum. Melampyro cognata Maderafpatana, fpinis horridis Pluk. Tab. 189. Fig. 5. & Alm. Bot. 345. | : |3 Eds grows three or 4 Foot g^ in Sandy and Watry Pla Place. ces. Hort. Malab. ihn : | It Flowers. and. Seeds in Fanuary and February. Time. - "The juice cures Thrufbes and the Swelling of the Bow- eis by Wind, the. Natives chew the Leaves of this in-Vertse;. - ftead of the Betle. H. M. and it colours the Zeeth black, UR _. as Mr. Beajamin Mewfe, who brought it me from Szratt, : |. informs me. — E Moochee: ^ €g20) “Td. "14. Mocchee chedee Malad. - fis Kind. This isa fort of Phafeolus or Kidney. Bean, of which Species you have many ia your Parts, it is very difficult. - to diftinguifh them but by their ripe Pods or Seed, nei- ther of which the Samples you fent afforded, it may pro- bably be one.of thofe defcribed in the 8th Volum of the Hortus Malab. but by reafon of the aforefaid Deficiencies, ~ ] dare not determine it. i5 To 15. Corain-cheddee Malab. nes Baccifera racemofa Madraípatana Laaré Ceras folii, floribus parvis numer ofifinis. . iDefaiptim. ^ The Leavesin Shape, Thicknefs and Magnitude, ve- | ry muthrefemble our Lawre/, thefé ftand on very fhort or no Foot-ftalks, and are fet oppofite alternately (2. e. by Pairs croís-wiíe) as in our Mznt and fcveral other ver- -ticillated Plants, each fide of the Stalk from whence the Leaves proceed is towards the Flowring part re- :markably carinated or furrowed, towards the Extremi- ties of each Branch proceeds the flowring part. The Flowers are very many and {mali, grow in large Tufts or Branches admitting of feveral Ramifications, -thefe are fucceeded by a {mall Coronated Fruit, in Shape, Colour and Magnitude very much reíembling the Pz- menta , All Spice, or Famaica-Pepper, its infide alfo. ve- ry like it. | "its Affaity. j^ miuch refembles the Appel Hort. Malab. Vol. t. Tab. 53. p. 99. as to its ruit and Form of Growing, but our Leaves are larger and moreoblong. | 16. . 16. Serrufaulee 7Mala. — Name. ^. Periploca Madrafpatana Smzlacis folio. | Defriptin. She Leaves are like thofe of eur great white Bindweed, but not quite fo large, they grow by Pairs at certain Joints, being generally accompanied with two {maller Leaves on very fhort Footflalks, from thefe Joints come — A forth - ( 321 ) forth {mall Clufers of little Flowers, like thofe of Afelepi- as; each of -thefe are fücceeded by a double thin Podd, _ which is about two Inches anda half long, and one where thickeft. The Seed lies in that part next the Footftalks, they are roundifh, flat, and membranaceous, of a brown Colour, and hem’d about with a rufty coloar'd Lift or Selvedge ; the SZ/£y Down, which fticks to the'Crown of the Seed is very white, and foft as Sattin ; each Plume is 14 Inch long. ; ud» - It fomewhat refembles the Watta Kakacedz, H. Mal. compari. -V. 9. Tab. z5. p. 25. in its fcandent Quality, but out. — Leaves are more taper, and the Flowers come not from one Bottom, and feem fomewhat fmailer. | 17. Calovee Malad. | 17. Convolvulus Madrafpatanus flere auriculato, calycibus ninco; _majoribus. : This is a trailing Bindweed, its Leaves ftand on half pou. . Inch Footftalks, the largeft of them are fomewhat more than anInch over,and near two long,each ending in a fharp |. Point ; at the Bofom of each Leaf, which ftands at cer- . tain Diftances, comes one fmall fingle Flower, very rarely two; thefe are fucceeded by a round Capfule, end- ing in a long Thread fomewhat Hoary, about thebigaefs - of a Pea, thefe are furrounded with five Leaves, two larger, and between thefe, three fmaller ; a little below this Calyx are two fmall Leaves, for the generality fet oppofite ; in each Husk are commonly found four fmooth - brownifh zrzawgwlar Seeds about the bignefs of Musk- Seed. xod - This comes next of Kin to the Vi/tuu-Ilandi, H. Mal. 75 aginity. V.xr. Tab. 64. p.131. but differs thus; thefe Leaves are fharper pointed, and larger, and ftand on Footftalks, _ the other the contrary ; and from that of Beccoin having , much larger Husks, Gc, | Bbb 18. Adaca 18. Synonims. | Vertuese . Cumin-Seed powdered, and rub the part grieved there- . bruifed and mixt with Whey cures the Piles. The Inha- bitants put it in their Driak, ZZ. M. as we do Worm. — — 19. and S ynonyms. Vertues. Samples of both which I have by me. co&ion good in Faintings occafion'd by Wind, as alfo CUT TT ( 322) 18, Adaca-manjen, ZZ. Mal. xo. Tab. 43. p. 85. Mundi Bram, Planta Indica alato caule, folio crenato pilofo & vifco- fo flore glomerato purpureo Com. in H. Mal. Scabiofa major crifpatis foliis alato caule Malabarienfis Alm. Bot. (which differs not from the Scabioía Indica major caule & pediculis foliofis of Dr. Plukenct, in his Phytographia, Tab.312.Fig.6. andis the fame with his Scab. minor alato caule Maderafpatenfis Alm. Bot. 335. & Scabiofe capitu- lo Chryfanthemi Myconii foliis alato caule Maderafpa- tenfis in his Phyt. Tab. 108. Fig. 7. this laft being the Specimen of a younger Plant, and the fecond one of the fame grown to more Maturity, as is very apparent in Of the Leaves and ZJeads of this Plant is made a De- Rains in the Bowels, but more efpecially if you add with. . With the Powder of it and Oyl they make an Oyntment good againít the Itch, and all cutaneous Di- feafes. Being mixt with Honey, it curesa Cough. Of — the Root dried they make a Stomachick Powder; good — . alfo for the Gripes in the Bowels. The Bark of it being — — wood. | | Carpa Cacuanna Mal. Scanga cufpi altera fpecies H. Mal. V.8. p. 70. Cata roda Zeyl.Creuck Javan. - Flos Clitoridis Ternatenfibus Brey n. Cent. p.76.. Cap. 51. Fig... ilio j Phafeolus Indicus caeruleus Glycyrrhizz folis alatis, fl. amplo clitorio Alm. Bot. +94. 1 cn . The Brew Clitorisa Flower. d "The Juice drank with the Oyl of Schirgelim (which I. . take to be the Portuguefe Word for the Sefamum of the — | | Ancients) .— (323) Ancients ) provokes Vomiting. The Root bruifed and drank in warm Water purges gently, which Virtues con- N. B. firm what you relate as to tts Emetick and Cathartick Quality : But the Root, as well as Genus of this and the — next vaftly differs from the Ipecacuanah of Pifo, "p. 2.5 r. -ed. 2. 20. Vela cacuanha Mal. Schanga-cufpi H. Mal. V. 5o, -.8. Tab. 38. p. 69. Gocarni Bram. Fabas de Brhamanne Lufit. Smalt-crnid Belgis. Phafeolus alatus Zerasatenfium floribus albis Amm. Bw. 294. js The white Cliterian Flower. . This differs from the laft only in the Colour of i its . Flower. 21..Pea-tumba Medde Malab. Tumba H. Mal. V. 23. ro. Tab. ox. p. 181. & Bram. SER Nepeta Indica Sideritidis folio, floribus {picatis Cis; Synonyites. in ZZ. /4. Cardiaca minor annua Americana flore Argen- teo, feu Leonurus Americana alba folio Sideritidis longi- ore Phyt. Tab. 8o. Fig. 7 The narrow leav'd us Malabar Leouurus. | - Tt Flowersall the Year, andthe bottom of each Flows time. er contains a Hony-like Liquor, H. Mal. Boy/d in 0y! it cures the Jrcb, the Faice kills Worms Vertue. in Ulcers, and being mixt with Lime it heals the biting ofa Mad Dog. Takenup the Nofe it eafes the Head-ach. A Decoétion of the Root drank cures the Leprofy. The Root or Leaves chewed and breathed on the Eyes takes away Films. ZZ. Adal. | ! 22, Ponangcunne laccaree Mal. Ab. Perexil Madrafpatana foliis oppofitis anguftioribus Po- lygoni. Georgius Marcgravius, one of the firft Obfervers of this Tribe of Plants cells us, the Portuguefe cali’d it Pe- rexil, I have therefore chofe rather to diftinguifh it by B Db 20% this ~ ( 324 ) this Particular fhort Name, than to reduce it to a longer, viz. Amarantho afinis Azoides, Sc. to the clole of which Species it may be neverthele(s added, with fach others as may not come fo adaptly among& the Amaranths themíelves. I do not give you thisas wholly new, there being one or two very like it, that I have receiv ed from the Weft- Indies, which, after | have more ftri&ly examined, I íbali farther inform you ot. [t ícems to grow erect, whether fo. or procumbent pray obíerve. x Neer kille gelippe Mal. Ras tandale cotti H. us Mal. V. 9. Tab. 28. p. 51; Gagaro Bram. Genifta Malabarica pentaphy lloides fl. amplo: aureo flaveícente filiquis bullatis Com. in ZZ. Mal, Crotolaria pentaphylloides Madra/patana floribus luteis dm. Bor. Finger leaved Malabar Rattle-broom. Defcription. lt grows near three Foot high, the Leaves are difpo- ed like thofe of our Garden Lupines, but never moré than five from one center, they are Green above and Pale below s. thefe ftand on an: Inch Foorftalk, more: or lef, one fide of which is furrow'd. . The Stalk i is round and carinated, at the-Top of which its Golden Yellow Flow- ers.grow in a Spike on Short. Footftallss, which: are fuc- ceeded by a turgid bladder-like Pod; ‘which terminates in along Style, ... Vene, si The a Malab, a(cribes the fame Vertues to the |. Seed.of.this Kind.as he does to. the Zandale cotti V. 9. Tab. 25. p. 45. which is of the fame Species, viz. That they make a- Bath of, the Decoction good in Fe. vers, but moft efpecially in tedious: Zertzas Agues. 24. 24. Punga maraum Mal. Pongam feu Minari ZZ. Names. Mal. V.6. Fab. 3. p. 5. Caranfi Bram, Favas de chapa M ¢: Mans bonen Belg. Fs (325 ) Crifla Pavonis patie vii 3. fea Arbor Vefpertilionis : maxima Indica, 7 J ug laris folio majore, floribus fpicatis al. Summe: bicantibus wea filiqua nonnibil falcata, femine renali - latifimo, Breyn. Prodr. 2. Phafeolu accedens Malabarica alatis folzis glabri monofpermos filigua latiore breui Alm. Bot. 294. & Pluk. Tab. 310. Fig. 3. | Ihis Tree grows in Rocky Mountainous Places, Place. It bears from 15 to 5o Years oid, ! Duration. It's ever Green, bearing Flowers and Pods from April Time. . to January. TheWosd íctves for Firing. A Bath made of the Ue Leaves esles Gouty and Windy Pains; and the Fume of it ie allays: Fevers. lts Fuice timely taken cures the Bites of venemous Serpents, Z7. Mal. | 25. Puccapoonda Mal. | 2. Samolus Madrafpatana Gram. Leucanthemi foliis. an name.. - Alfme: holoftea glabra fen Gramen Leucanthemum ladize Orientalis Anagallidis Aq. 4 Lob. folis anguftioribus. |. Phyt. Zab; 130. Fig. 3. & Alm. Bot. 21. Of all the Plants in the Hort, Malab. this moft nearly n Affeit nm the Parpadegam figured in Vol. 10. Tab. 35. T p.6 The Stalk of this Herb from a {mall Fibrous Woody Defcription.. Root fabdivides it felf into very many {maller Branches, at.each Joynt comes forth two long {mooth and narrow Leaves, having fometimes, but very rarely another pair ;. thefeare like thofe of our leffer Stitchwort; from the fet- ting on of thefe Leaves comes one or two, rarely more, — round capfules not bigger than the Head of a large Pin; each ftanding on a fine ftiff hair-like Footftal k, fearce an Inch long, each 7Zusk feems coronated, z. e. has four lit- tle oppofite Leafy Points, between which the T op is ridgd ; ‘within are contained many very {mall ZJactiff- Seed, which as nicely as I could peers Were not fepa- rated: ( 326 ) rated by any Partition, tho’ the Cap/ule feems externally to be fulcated. : 2,6. 26. Neer Ureevee Mal. Lyfimachia non pappofa bumilis Maderafpatana Clinopo- dii Virginiani lutei folis fruclu Carophylloide parvo, Pluk. Tab.203. Fig. 5. & Alm. Bot. 236. an Caramba Hort. Malab. 7.2. Tab. 49. p. 95. 27. 27. Perrepan Chedde Mad. Tsjeru-Tsjurel Z7. Mai. V. 12. Tab. 64. p. 121. vulgo Rottang, and by us Rattan. wams . Rottang Malabaricus minor. Arundo Rotang ditta Pifo ,7€ . Mantifs. Aromat. 188. Fig. Ray H.P/. 1316. A. Nucifera P" Rotang dida,fructs fpadicei coloris ftriis purpurets venufté tefalato Alm. Bot. Phanico-Scorpiuros feu Helitropium Palmites fpino[um,Polygonat anguftis foliis Madraípatana, Pluk. Tab. 106. Fig. 1, & 2. & Alm. Bot. 276. Fructus fquammofus orbiculatus minor Avellang magnitudine C B. slo. F. exilis Canne de Bengalá creditus Clus exot.p.24. Fig. Fr. Canne de Bengalé 1B. V. 1. 1.3. p. 400. an Arundo Indica verficolor. flexils, CB. 18. IB. V. 2. l. 18. p. 489. & Rau H. Pl. 1277. ‘The leffr Rattan or Cane-chair Reed. | The middle Rib of thele Leaves, as well as Edges, are Defoription finely befet with very {mall hairy Z4orns, which is nei- ^ ther expreft in the Hortus Malab. or Dr. Plukenet’s Fi- gure, which laft otherwife very well refembles this Plant, particularly the tendency or peculiar coyling of its Flow- ers, which turn inwards like thofe of Zournfole or our JMoufear Scorpion Grafs: The Fruit alío holds the fame Difpofition. Each Racema and its fub-divided Spikes of Flowers and Fruit are incompafsd below with a mem£ra- naceous Vagina ot Sheath, con{picuousin both, but more obvious when in Flower. . ! \ The C 327) The Fruit of this Reed is eaten by the Inhabitants and Ue and with the Canes fplit they make their Net-like Seats, as tr we do here our Cane. Chairs and Stools of the fame. They apply the Roots roafted to the Head for the Pain thereo!, HZ. Mal. — . ^. 28. Collarunan coodee Mad. 29 Soldanella Madrafpatana major. | This feems to agree in every point with the Bel Adam- ... £u Walli. H. Mal. V. II. Tab. 58. p. r19. except itsha- ving fibrous Roots at every Joynt or Leaf, which this is void of. 29. Ardanapolle Malab. 2.93. "This is an Ariffolochia or Birth-wort, and has the em of our common Kinds, but whether Round or Long its - Root. muft determine. 29. a. Carentulee Mal. 29. 8: Mentha Madraípatana cauliculis rubentibus hirfutis. an Name. — Ocimum Madrafpatanum fratefcens gratiffimi en fore parvo cauliculis villofs Pluk, Tab. 208. Fig. 4 This feems to be that Variety of Solado tirtava Hort, Afftity Malab. V. 10. p. 173. whofe Szalks, the Author fays, — areof a reddifh iic and the Leaves of a darker green, which with the foregoing Deícription agrees very well with this Plant. 30. Toura Mal. Thora Paerou Hort.Mal.Vol.6.Tab. 30. 13. p.23. Thori Brach Tangaraca Luft. Quit- names. fierii at Z4doffa»; and by the Dastch there, - Kayan feu Katsjan Zey/. Lak Goetum Chinenfibus ;. at Barbadoes and Jamaica it’s call'd, _ The Pidgeon Pea. TID Lamilius filiqua inter grana © grama junta Syaryms.. femine efculento Cat. Plant. Jam. 139. to whofe numerous "Sy nonyms I thither refer you, only addingthis omitted _ one, Viz. Arbor Fabifera trifolia Salvia foliis, foribus luteis elegantifimis Hort. Bofian. ' I. € 338.) "Place. "[ have not only received this Plant from Barbadves and “Famaica, but allo from feveral parts of Africa as well as Afta. | | Vertues. A Drink made of the Leaves ftops the overflowing of the Zfemorboids ; tne {ame powdered with Pepper clean- festhe Gums and cures the Zeotbacb. A Fomentation of the Seeds with a little Réce made into a Linament with Butter, takes away Wearinefs and: Pains in the Joynts. They make a Drink alío of the aforefaid very good in the Small Pox. H. M. yr 31. Velluppelle Malad. | "MEUM Euphbrafta prateufis Satureia foliis fcabris e Maderafpa- tan. Pluk, Tab. 177. Fig. 6. & Alm. Bot. Defeription. It grows many times more than two Spans high, the . Root woody and ftiff, tho’ very fmall and threddy, its Leaves like Rofemary, but f{omewhat narrower, and fome- times longer; from the Bofom of every Leaf comes forth a rough carinated footleís Calyx, in which ftands a Flow- er fomewhat larger than the common Eyebright, with a long Tube or Neck which ftands above the Calyx, thefe are fucceeded by a {mail Husk which.opens when ripe, . and fhews its Interfepimentum or Partition. This Plant is commonly brancht, and runs up into. very flender long Spikes. aM Time. — . ]t Flowers and Seeds in Decembcr and Fanuary. 26m | 32. Narreepangul coodee Mal. Names. Balfamina Madraípatana fructu parvo angulofo perbrevi pediculo afixa. ; Defcription. The Leaves are rough, have generally five Lobes, the two lower not fo conípicuous, and fometimes wanting, . the full grown Leaves ftand on a pricklifh or rough Foot- flal& more than an Inch long, whofe Serrz end in Spines, againft which grows a curl'd Yendrel, which is guarded with a Lobe or Ear, whofe Edges is furrounded with Hairs like thofe on the Leaves of Suxdew at each Foynt — — | between. .— € 329 ) E | ‘between the Leaf and-Zexdrel comes the Fruit which is brown, fmooth, oblong, and angular about the bigaels of a Barberry or fomewhat larger, it ftands on a very fhort Footítalk, and has its Corova againft it in the | middle of the Frair, and not at the end, Sung is Very remarkable. 33. Podoodalle Maj. 33. "An Verbena nodiflora C B. 169? Prod. 125. dec. & fig. Opt. & Phyt. 52,4. defc? | This Plant very well agrees with the Figure and Defcreption of this Author, who was the firft that de- {cribed it. ; 34. Rutr afhacaudumba. Mal, 2. | Saca Madrafpatana frutlu Sparganit. Name, This may be the jaca minor fylvefira Nilbasga ns — Comelin Hort. Malab. V. 4. Tab. 35. p. 73. but I have vie | - not as yet obferved more than a fingle Fruit from one Dejcriprion. Place, fet on longer or fhorter Footftalks and branch- E ed, whereas theirs is figured in Clufters (like our Cbeff- | mts) and without Pedicles ; the Leaves are fomewhat “broader and rounder, otherwife they have much the fame Face and Texture with the rue Jaca, asl have nice- | ly obferved by comparing it with a Speczmen which that | moft Celebrated Botanifl , FACOBUS BREINIOS, . fent me a little before his Death. |. The Fruit of this is globular, very like the Burrs - of Sparganium, but none that I have yet {een are quite | fo big, they are made up of {mall wart-like Tubercles, - each rugole, like a Sweet Fennel-Seed, the Fruit cut open ded much refembles that, [o reprefented i in the ZZortus alaé, Cre 25. Caut ( 330 J | 35. 35. Caut Morunga Ma/. OR Wild Bezoar Tree. Anil Madraípatana trifoliata, filiquis carinatis birts. De(criptim. This Plant io ali the Samples 1 have yet obferved, has only three Leaves, from the fetting on of which comes forth fmall Spzkes of little Flowers, thefe are fucceeded by as many Quadrangular, carinated, fhort- haird fff Pods each an Inch long. 36 36. Nella mullee Mal. Pee-Tumba Z7. Mal. V. 9. Tab. 46. p. 87. Butumbo Brach. Kawatuwa, ] Name, Names. eyl. Buphrafie afinm Indica Ecbioides H. Leyd. app. de- feript. & Fig. 663. Gratiole affinis Echioides Zeylanica major Breyn. Pr. 2. Bugloffum Echioides Indicum Convol- vali cerulei minori fclzo Ephemer. German. dan. 4. & 5. O£ferv.139. p. . Fig; & dele. Lyfimacbiz Virginian accedens planta Com. in EZ. Mal... References, For a Defeription of this Plant I refer you to the Hort. Malab. and Dr. Herman's Leyden Catalogue, in both which they are accurately performed, (the laft is tranícribed by Mr. Ray in the Appendix to his Ai? Plant.p. 1885) but the Zzgzres of neither fhews theHoarinefs,which is very apparent in all parts or the Plant as my Spe- - cimexs as well as the aforefaid Defcriptions make very plainiy appear. 2 pes The Leaves taken inwardly is am Antidote sgainft ' Synonyms: iiit biting of a Mad Bog, and the Juice a Specifick in. Agues H. M. | | 375 37. Neer Caudumba; LAT Peatapblora Madraípatana arborefcens Benzeini foliis. | do not find any Plant in ail the twe/ve Volumes of the 8 Hortus Malabaricus, that this more nearly _refembles — | Cpr). | than the Modagam, Vol. 4. Tab. 58. p. x19. but 1 dare not affirm it to be the fame, until I am better informed of the Colour of its Flower, Shape of its Fruit, Se. yu | Since I have mention'd the twelve Volumes of the N.B. Hort. Malab. which is indeed a very curious Work, 1 cannot omit telling you (it not being there taken no- tice of ) that | am lately given to underftand, that Dr. Wilhelmus Ten Rhyne a moft ingenious Phyftian and Botaniff now living at Facatra ia. Batavia, had a large fhare in-compofing that moft Noble Herbal, as may be feen by Letters under his own Hand which he wrote to a Learned Phyfictan of my Acquaintance, who was fo kind to inform me of it. ! 38. Combee chedde Mal. : 38. , Pentapblora Madrafpatana Nerii flere tubo longif- imo. Its Leaves in Shape and Stiffnefs are like thofe of Lawrel, at certain diftances from the middle, the Veins are very confpicuous on both fides. The Flowers (cem to refemble the Oleander or Rofe-Bay, its long Neck or Tube in fome of thefe are near two Inches long, being fet in a {mall pextapetalofe calyx not unlike thofe of Arch- | angels, Cc. this makes the Crown of the Fruit which is | an oval Shell about the Bignefs and Shape of a large | Spanifb Olive; internally it has three Selvedges to | which the Pulp adheres, in which is contained a great many fmall flattifh Seed. | | is 39. Neer Culuttee Ma/. Culi Tamara ZZ. Mal. V. 39. EI. fae, 4$. D..93- INN Sagitta Indica major, folio obtufo, fleribus minoribus synsnyms. |^ albicantibus. Com. in H. Mal. p. 94. Sagzttarze foliis |. planta, glomerato fructu, monopyrene, Coriandri fer figu- rà Pluk. Tab. 220. Fig. 7. & Alm. Bot... Ccc 2 The ( 332 ) Comparae The Leaves are like our Arrow head, but the Spear ane broader and blunter, and the Barbs longer, the Flow. "o. ers tripetalofe, but it differs moft in the Fraét, which grows in 2 Clufter-like a Mulberry, but more fep: rate, anc each as big as a Curran, but by lying together are - compreft.. 40. 40. Woota chedde Mal. Ricinoides arborefcens Madraípatana Cotini folia. Thefe Leaves grow alternately on * Snch Footftalks, the largeft of them are about one Inch and an half broad, ' and two and an half long, Its Zrazt very like a Bay: erry, but fomewhat bigger, its outer Skin being dry is brittle, thin, and bing as if varnifht, brown and fome- what w Hailed like the Piffachioes, ied which is a Shell alfo like them, but breaks into two.or commonly three parts, feparated with Partitions, each of which being | fplit diícovers one Seed much lefs than its Cavity, not unlike thofe of Caffa fiftula, but fomewhat lefS and rounder, and pointed at one end. 41. 41. Shega pu ccondamone. Mal. Konni ZZ, Mal, | Se ae Te 39. p. 71. Fruita Conthi Luft t. Ronde Weegbonen Belg. _ Abrus minor \ndiz Orientalis fi liqui majoribus. Lchuíe to diftinguifh it only by this Name at prefent, until I have more leilure to feparate the American Syno- nyms from: it, wherein I find it fomewhat differs, parti- cularly in its Podds and Form of growing, which in this are larger though fewer, and have more Seed in them, viz. feldom lefs. than five or fix, and the American rarely | or never more than three. 7 Vests, The Leaves bruifed and boyld in Water or Oyl with | — Calamus Aromaticus, alleviates füch gnawing Painsas .. arife from fharp corrofive phlegmatick Humours. The .— Powder alfo taken with Sugar tops Catarrhs. The juice. — takes away all cold Paias in the Tous; the fame being - made. 3 | Names... Z^ (8339 made into a Livament with long. Pepper, Ginger, Milk end Sergelim-Oyl diffolves ail thick and tough Humours. The Root Powder'd with Cammin and taken in Water, corrects and cuts tough Phleagm; the fame with the Fruit and Ceco- " t Milk cures je Piles. AZ, Mal. . Caut Mandaree Mal. There are. (Hn forts of this. particular.leaved Tree, déícribed in the firft Volume of the Efort. Malab: Tab. 32, &c. the main Difference confifts in the Shape and Colour of their. Flowers, and Form of their full grown - Podds, and until we have them in this Perfection, it will. be difficul: rightly to diftinguifh them. 43. Curuta chedde Mal. Mal. an Naregam Hort. 43. Malab. Vol. 4. Tab. 12. p. 27? | Limo E apicibus. foliorum feré finuatis, Names. fruta cufpidato. Thefe Leaves ftand on very fhort Foorffalks, not above + of an inch long, the largeft about an Inch broad, Pst. and not two long, taper at each end; but what is moft remarkable in them is, they commonly terminate fome- what bifid, or as it were flit at the Point; they are per- forated, and have the Texture of Lemmon Leaves; they. altogether want that cordated Appendix next the Foot- . ftalk ; its Thorns ate woody and come from the bofom - of the Leaves. Its Flowers grow in {mall C/uffers, and | feem to agree very well with the Figure and Defcription . of the Mal Naregam H. Mal. V. 4. Tab. 12+. p. 276, but the Fruit doth fomewhat vary ; it’s about as big as. a Cherry, and ends in a Point, has fome Cortical Spots . and {eems porous as the Lemmons ; its infide is divided into four Cells, in each of which I generally find one . Kernel, — ae | 44. This E 45- Names. 46. | ( 334 ) 44. This has no Name in Malabar, in Englifo | EUNT Under this Denomination and Number | find two dif- ferent OUmbelliferous Plants, 1 prelume thefe were culti- vated in Gardens; for 1 have not yet feen any of this Species growing wild from your Parts, neither is there in all the Hortus Malab. one of this Genus there de- {cribed, 45. Yelavan maraum Mal. Goffipium arboreum maximum [pinofum, folio digita- to, lana fericed grifea Cat. Pl. Fam. 159. Dr. Sloane, that moft learned and accurate Botanift (to whofe Catalogue I refer you for the many other Synonyms hereto belonging ) obferves that the Tunck of this Tree lofes it Thorns as it grows old, and therefore fuppofes the fmooth and thorny to be the fame, whereas the ~ Flortus Malab. Vol. 3. Tab. 49, &c. has taken no {mall . Pains to make them diftinct. | 46. Coole cheddee Mal. Phafeolus Madrafpatanus pubefcens minor, filiquis recurvi. an P. Madrafp. Laplab efigie flere parvo ochroleuco Pluk. Tab. 213. Fig. 4? & Alm. Bot. 191? The Leaves very well refembles Dr. Plukenet’s Figure ; the whole Plant is fomewhat hoary but par- ticülarly the Stacks; the Flowers feem yellowifh, the ripe Podds turn a little backward and end in a Style or thread; they are of a Tawny or Phyllamort Co- lour, as are the Seeds which are flatifh, {mall and feem fomewhat marbled. Each Pod has five or fix Seeds with Depreflions between each. Thus ( 335) Thus, Sir, I have given you my Sentiments of this: your oahercoonda Collection, and if herein I can be farther Serviceable to you, be pleated freely to. Command, WORTHY SIR, From my Houfe in | |. Alderfgate-ftreet, LONDON; D ood | : Sept. 24. 1698, "Your mof? Obliged Friend, and Humble Servant, James Petiver. I, C 336 ) WL Part of a Letter ftom Mr. Butterfield from Paris, Sept. 7. 1695. to Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Piyfciont and R. $. concerning geriet Sand. ] Send youa little of that Black Sand which in Jtaly they ufe inftead of Duft to their Letters; it is found Six Miles from Gezes near St. Piere d'araine on the Sea- Shoar. |t hath the Properties of the Loadftone, and I. do believe that it is Loadftone or Powder of Loadftone, for it followeth the Loadftone ; it fticketh to a Knife that is touched with the Loadftone ; it draweth a Mag- netick, Needle; it doth not ferment with Aqua Fortis, as — Iron, Duft doth ; it doth not ruft with any Acide ‘that can be put to it; it doth not {parkle in the Flame of a Candle, as Steel- duft doth when it is thrown into the faid Flame. It is commonly found on the Sea- Shoar afe ter great Storms. IV. Aa 3 dió 337 2 IV. An OljeBlion to tbe new Hypothef s of the Generation of Animals frou. Animalcula in — Semine Mafculino.. By Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Pbyficians and ae" g eer: 7 Exercit: Anat. tert. P. 114. rita the many Arguments which T bave TUM to con fate the Opinion of Mr. Leewenhoeck about the Gene- ration of Animals from innumerable little Animals in . Semine Mafculino, ove J omitted, which i Is di follows : ; | ius quero, fi humanum corpus naícatur ab ani- - malculo é femine maículino unde fint ifta animalcu- la genita? & quidem generantur ad plurimos annós ; {cilicet ab adulto viro ad extremiam ufq; fene&tutem ; certe à coitu peracto longé maxima eorum pars ejicitur; unde nova foboles indies (uccrefcat, necefle eft. An ve- ro hzc animalculorum proles feré diurna 2 à {ui fimilibus animalculis generentur, vel fponte nafcantur ? Pofterius | te, Leewenhoecke, exiftimare haud facilé credo, quia tu, | fiquisalius, automata mirifice confutafti: fi prius verd putes ipfa etiam illa animalcula, dum in femine maículie | mo funt, adulta efle fequetur, quód generare potes furit, | At quam abfurdum hoc fit, tute cogita ; fcilicet eadem | animalia bis adolefcere, nempe femel.in femine mafculino, atq; iterum in humano ftatu atq; conditione. | -— Dad voa ved. di ( 338 ) V. An Abfirati with fome ReflcEtions on 4 new Account of Eaft-India and. Perfia, in Eight Letters, being Nine Years Travels, begun 31672. and finifbed 1681, &c. By John Fryer, M. D. Cantabrig. and Fellow of the Royal Society. — Printed for R. Chilwel at the - Role and Crown in St. Paul's Cburcb-Yard. "ré 39. | 32 mu | : H?5 much the Geography of the prefent Age fur- d vafies chat of the Ancients, is fafficiently known to ali {uch as have been at the trouble to examine and compare them ; and that not only for the Number and Quantity of the Habitable and Inhabited Countries of the World ; but for the, more exact Limitations and Boun- daries of them ; and for the more particular Account of the Nature and Produéts of the Countries themfelves ; that 1s, of the Nature of the Soyl, and of the Animals, Veg-tables and Minerals it produceth and yields, and of the Men that inhabit each, their Shape, their Genius, - Manners; Cuftoms, Laws, Governments, Arts, Inven- tions, Trades and Manufa&ures, and whatever elfe isof - Significancy to be known concerning them. For this in a great meafure we are beholding to fuch Ingenious Spi- — rits as t^is our Author, who have had the Curi- : ofity not only to travel, view, and inform themfelves — in the Places where they are, but alfo the Induftry tore- — cord them ia writing, whilft yet frefh in their Memory, - and the good Nature to communicate them in Print for - the Ufe of the Publick. Of this Kind we have had of — late Years many eminent Inftances of our own 8 Countrymen, concerning the Inland pants, as Cap D ( 339 2 | tain Smith, Mr. Herbert, Mr. Sands, Sit. Tbe. Row, Mi. Gage, Mr. Ligon, Mr.Willoahby, Mr. Ray, Sir George Wheeler; Captata Knox, Mr. Dampire, and divers others, ‘and now laftly-this of the prefent Author, who notwith- ftanding feveral Writers had been before him, yet few having been in thofe Parts where he had been, at leaft had^not ftayed there fo long as he did, has: offered divers Novelties either paffed over, or not fo particularly obferved by them as he has done... His Method of De- livery is not bounded by the narrow Limits of an Hifto-- rian, ‘nor loofely Extravagant like Poetick Fiction, but . fuited to Time and Place, fo asto manifeft his Diligence in obferving and colle&ting, and his Sincerity in compi- ling what may affift the next Adventurers, and fatisfy the prefent Enquirers. He has divided the whole Dit- courfeinto Eight Letters, written to a Friend, and dated from feveral Parts where he then was. The Firft gives an Account of his Voyage from Exgland till he arrived at Bombaim, which was a juft Year or Twelve Months ; taking notice of what occur'd remarkable at Sea, or on the Shoars and Places where he Landed, as at St. Jago | - (which he more particularly defcribes) as allo Tobanna. Then Mechlapatan (where he takes occafion to deícribe- the Kingdom and prefent Eftate of Golconda, and the manner of living of the Eaf? India Company's Factors Ioa that Piace, the Climate, Sovl, Temper of the. Air and Seafons, the Animals and Vegetables; the Tnhabi- tants, (Moors and Gentues,) their feveral Cuftoms and Natures, their Trades, Employments and Arts, their Language, Writing, Religions, Laws, and Punifhments, (one of which, though Tragical, is fomewhat Comical, by a Drink compounded of Bavg and Destro) their Ser- vants and Beafts for Service as well as Food; and here | hedefcribes more particularly the Elephants]. After this | he defcribes Fort St, George and Maderas, the Eftate of | eis DIE CUT DW S rr the f Rd 0 AND 0 Aree ae UE the Exglifh there and that of the other Inhabitants; and by the way gives an Account of the Chinam or Betele; then the City of St. Zhomas (and afort ot Chriftians there) | then ZreZ/etore (and here takes occafion to relate fome Contefts of our Englife with the Dutch, then at Wars with us) and then proceeds to a Deíeription of. the: Air and Seafons, the Monfoons, and Rains, and Storms uíü- àl in thofe Parts; taking notice of ftrange colour’d Fifhes in the Sea, and Tuttecory on the Land, .and alfo of the prodigious Ridge of the Mountain Gates, extend- ing North and South Nine Hundred Miles, and fevering the Coaft of Coromandel from that of Malabar, and ter- minated by the Promontory or Cape of Comorine;. af- ter the paífing of which he defcribes the Malabar and Canatick Coaft as far as Bombaim: Here he relates a. ftrange Phenomenon of a Shole of Pilchards paffing by, thet gave a Light bright enough to read a {mall Print by it He takes notice of Carnapoly (whence we formerly had Pepper); then of Cochin, then Zanore, which he more particularly defcribes ;; then Calicut; then Phalo- patan, where he took Boat and rowed up the River to Cutty Cony ( then refigned to the Exgli/h where they have a Fort). . Being returnd they paffed Northward, leaving the Malabar Coaft and entring the Canatick they Anchored and Landed at Ozer, from thence they went to Miria, wherethey laded Pepper, Saltpeter and Betele-- Nuts. Then pafled Carwar, Goa, Rajapore and lafily arrived at Bombaim, lying in 18°. 40. whofe Bay he Defcribes and thence Dates this Firft Letter. In his Second Letter he gives a more particular Ac- count of the Ifland of Bombay, one of the Iffands of Sal- fet lying in the middle between Goa and Surat. This Ifland and a great Quantity of the low Lands, he ob- ferves has been rais'd out of the Sea, for that the Rocks ~ many Miles up the Country, are beftuck with Oyfter- — - | | | Shels — — = oat Ms iibi Shell s "E other Trophies of the Sea. bere lio pivesia a” Hiftory of it how i if came into the Poflefüion of the Eng: lifh,and of the £aff- Jndia Company, and of what i import is is to them with refpect to their Trade, Gc... Thea he furveys: Canorine, an Ifland lying near: Bom- baim, and thete defcribes prodigious Works of Antiquis ty cut out of the Rocks, ..From hence. he. vifits Bafcin, a City of the Portugals, which: he: defcribes with othe ° Remarkables taken notice of in his going and returning, among which, at Elephanto was an Idol Lemple cut out | of a Rock as the former. J Next he relates the Occurrences that he tool notice of in his Journey with an Embafly fent'to Sevagz, whole refidence was on a very high Hill, call’d, Rairee, inaccef- fible but only by one narrow way. © By the by he relates the Ceremonies of crowning the Raya. "From hence he paífes E Swally, the Port of Surat, Which he deícribes, and the Company's Factory in that . Place; and takes notice of the Valour aad Succeís of a | Prefident there in repulfing. the Power of Sevagz, and | dates his Letter from Surat, Fan. 35. 1673. © | In his Third Letter he gives a more particular and more | full Account of Sarat, and its Inhabitants, and firft takes — | Notice of Mullelmen-Beggars, ready to do Mifchief, | and of Scuman, or Soldiers being drunk with Sang mix- | ed with Milk. Thea he de(cribes the other Inhabitants, their Houfes, Cuftoms, Heathen and Mahometan Rites, [^ their Way a Entertaining, Diet, Cloathing,Religious Ge. | | remonies, Marriages, Burials, i9c. then “the Vagabond :. | Fakiers, or Holy Men, the Peft,of the Place, then the’ | Magiftrates, Mints, Markets, Fortifications, “Soldiers, | Mofchs, Caravanferas, Stables, ce. Without the Town, | hedefcribes the Tombs of the Englifb, Dutch. and Arme- | wians,French,Muflelmen,Pilgrims,Heathens ; and here he i / mentions their Fakéers,orHeathen Pricfts,and their (range | : | and L4). C^ and ridiculous Rites and Cuftoms. Then he defcribes theit Tanks, Grottoes, Gardens, the Flowers and Plants; as the Cotron-Tree, Bang, Alluh, (ora Specifick Bark for all Fluxes,) the'Senfible Plant,’ Milk Bathes, Sugar- Canes, Tobacco, (9c.' And laftly,’-hé’defcribes the Ri- ver, and its commodioufnefs for Shipping though they have few Ships of their own, and thofe managed by un- skilful. Navigators ; ‘nor will the Dutch permit them to be taught, leaft they fhould-prove Enemies: ‘And then by the way he relates the Story of the late Revolution at Bantam; after which he proceeds to defcribe their Solem- nities, on Religious Accounts, their Sports and Recreati- ons, the Education of their Children, their Trade, and particularly their Jewellers. Then he deferibes their Di- ícafes and ways of curing : by the way, he mentions fome Rarities in the Engli/b Fa&tory, amongft cther fomie . Pidgeons, Champore Cocks, White caftirg a little Yellow Amadavad- Birds ; nor does he omit to defcribe the Ver- min they are troubled with, as, Rats as big as our Pigs, burrowing under Houíes ; Mongoofe, a fort of Ferrer; Musk- Rats; Guianaes; alfo Centipedes, Scorpions, vaft Spiders, poyfonous Snakes, Crocodiles: then he defcribes the Parfeys what they are, their worthiping the Sun; their expofing their Dead to be devoured by Birds, their Manner of Living, Their Breeding milk white Oxen and Buffalas ;and by the way he defcribes a fort of Bird call'd a Columbine, making a Noife like a Bittern: and con- cludes this. Se&ion with an Account of the Convenien- cies the Place affords for the Building Ships, as vaft Quantities of Timber, Damar, Cair-yarn, befides good. Flax and Hemp, and Jron from the Mourtains of the South, fo that for Trade, no Place in Zadia can equal Surat. In his next Se&ion he relates his Paffage from. Surat to Bombaim, and thence to Fenea ; by the way he — . defcribes a vaft Turtle or Tortoife, and divers other re-- ion *f i markable uie (3412. P inarkable Occurrances in pafling the Mountains, and fe- veral Towns and Villages. At. fenea he is introduc'd to. the Nabob’s Prefence, where he underftands what he was fent for, which was to vifit {ome Patients, viz. one of his . Wives in theZaram theCircumftances of which he relates together with aDeícription of theWomen,and their Manner. of Living in that Reclufe; the other;Patient was Brother of the Nobob ; he ftayed here and vifited feveral Places, as an Emperor's Pailace gone to decay, thenan ancient City called, Dungineffe, cut out of a Mountainous Rcck,. . With.a Temple and other fpacious Halls, not inferior for. Antiquity, Workmanthip, Water; and other Conveni- encies to thofe of Caserzse, now left a defolate Habitati- on for.Ba:s and Wafps.. From hence he defcribes his Af- cent to the Top of a Hull acccffible but by Seven Gates, . where.the Nabob's Brother was Governour.; where how. be:was treated, and what elfe he took notice of be- re-. lates, as great Granaries hewed cut of Stone, at firft fup-.. pofed for.fome. Religious Ufe, becaufe of their. delicate ingraving; there are feveral Tanks fill'd with Butter of Four Hundred Years Randing, prized by the Gentiles as. . high as Gold for its; Vertue to.cure old Aches and fore Eyes, a prefent.of fome of which taken out o£ one of them opened on purpoíe, was made him, being a black - ftinking vifcous Balfom; there were alfo Tanks for Wa-. ter, allo Two. unfhapen Sakers, each 22 Foot long out. _of which not long before, a Bullet Shot had kill'd a Ra-, jabat.T'wo Couríe off,. which madea Bonfire of Two of. his Ladies, and Twenty Dometticks to attend himin ano- - ther. World, as his Phy fician, Barber, Wafherman, Horfe- "keeper; ($c. a ufual Heathen Cuftom. Defcending in his 1e- turn he obferved many Dens and. Caverns cut out. of the, - Rocks, which he believes to be the Works of fome Zea-. lots in former Ages : In another; Place he takes notice of - a fort of fhining Flies, which made a Tree look as if all - | , im: "d ^ Pita ( 344 ) it a Flame,and which prefently would receive its native Verdure,at which his Coolyes were afrightned In a Third he takes notice of Frogs of a prodigious Magnitude, as’ alfo of a Tree called the Nury-tree, which always Blof- foms in the Night, and fheds them foon after Sun Rifing. . He defcribes alfo the Moor Priefts, their Mosks and Ser- vice in them: and faft of all his Arrival at Bombaim, whence he dates his Letter, Sept. 22. 1675. ?Tis very remarkable in. thefe Letters, «hat the Au- thor has given us fo many Inftances of thofe Prodigious Works of Antiquity, of cutting fuch vaft Temples or Rooms out of the natural Rock, which feems to have much out-lafted the Hiftory of the Authors of them, and poffibly all other Heathen Hiftory ; the Grandure and Magnificence of them feeming to fpeak them to have been of the firít, and now unknown Ages of the World, fuch as were alfo the Pyramids of ZEgypt, and the Labyrinths, concerning which we have no true Re- cords, but only fome conjectural Fictions, or groundlefs Traditions. But indeed of the two, thefe Subterraneous Cavities feem to be of the greateft Antiquity and Poffibly to have given occafion to conftruct the Superterranean ° Fabricks, for 'tis probable that the Heat of the Climate - Where they were firlt begun, and the natural Cavities in the Mountains and Rocks might adminiftrer the firft | n ccafion of the artificial making of them, and that was in Probability firft done by the ZErbzepiass; who were the Inftructorsand Tutors to the ZEgyptzass, from whom they received their Hieroglyphicks, as i5 teftified by Dz- odorus Siculus. Now the A¢rhiopzans inhabiting a Cli- mate fo very hot, could not well tolerate the Mid-day- - Heats, without fheltering themíelves under the Shade of fome Trees or Rocks, till the Violence thereof was aba- — 4 ‘ted; and that Country, efpecially the Higher Aithiopia, = affording many natural Caverns inthe Mountains, which — | ONU CONF, CON muft neceffarily be moft refrefhing in the Hott: ft Seafons: * by reafon of the Exclufion of the Sun: Beams, and by rea- fon of the Body of Stone or Earth over their Heaós ; as fnay be manifeftly experimented here in Churches Vault- ed with Stone, and much more in Vaults under Ground. Thefe Caverns in probability invited the Natives there to - fhelter themselves, and that might put fome of the bet- ter fort, or the Princes, to make ufe of Art, to fit and . make them more convenient for Ufe, and by degrees for Ornament, and by further Degrees for Religious or Su- perftitious Ufes; for fuch we are inform’d were the Pla- - ces where the Sybilline Oracles were delivered, aad by degrees for Sepulture, fuch as the Guanches in Zezerzff have appropriated to their Anceftors, and fuch as the ZEgyptiaus made ufe of for Repofitories of their Mum- meys; and fuch alfo feem to have been the Wells and Grottoes for the Mummeys, the Labyrinths and the Sub- terranean Temples of ZEgypt. Now as the natural Subter- |. raneous Caves feem to have been the Occafion of all | thefe artificial ones, and their Embelifhments under the Ground, fo the great Rocks, Mafies of Stone and . Mountains, feem to have given the Occafion of fhaping - and cutting of them into feveral Forms, for feveral De- figns; {uch I conceive were the Rocks fhaped into a Sphynxes Head in Agyp#, and the Two Rows of Rooms on Two Sides of a Square for the great Pyramid; and the cafing of fuch a fhaped Rock with Afhker or Blocks of other Stone, made the great Pyramid it fel... Now. | in Probability this Practice was from Z£g yp? fpread far and near into the Eaft, together with Idolatry, Super- ftition, and other Heathenifh Rites and Cuftoms, and ' there are, it feems, many Relicts of them remaining to _ this Day in thefe Places. But befides thefe Remainders | of Antiquity in thefe Weftern Parts, of Afa and ZEgypt, | we find they were not wanting i the Eafteramoft Parts | : ds of à Ru, — eios e vo Ó——À Ne | ( 546 ) | .. of Afia likewife, who have as good Reafon to pretend to . Antiquity, and poffibly much better than 4gypt, ZErbi- — epia, Chaldea, Sc. for that we are inform'd by the De- fcriptions of the vaft Empire of China, that they have manv Mountains formed by. Art into various Shapes, that they have and do {till make ufe of inacceffible Moun- tains for theirSafe-guard againft Incurfions and Invadings of their Enemies, and for living quiet and fecure from their Foreign Difturbers; for which Ufe forne of thefe mentioned by the Doctor, do manifeftly (eem to have been occafioned. Befides, we find that the Heathen - Priefts did much affect to make ule of the Tops of Hills and Mountains, and the Caverns and Caves of Rocks and Hills, for the places of their Idolatrous Worfhip, and for delivering of their Oracles; for which, "tis not unlikely but that fome of thefe were at firft defign’d; though they have been fince deferted or converted to. other Ufes. ! | But to leave thefe Enquiries to the Scrutiny and Judg- ment of more knowing Antiquaries, I fhall proceed to give fome farther Account of the Contents of his other . Letters. In his Fourth Letter, there he gives am Account of the Canatick Country; and firft he deferibes Carwar, and the Fleet of Sevagi there: next Goa, and all that-is remarkable in and about that City,; then-an Excurfion to Gocourn, where ‘he relates the ftrange Rites-of a Heathen Solemnity, and adds a Difcourfe of the bordering Princes and Governments,as alfo of the wild Beafts of the Woods, ° as Tigers, Apes, ($c. and of the Trees and Fruits, as the Bamboos, Caja Fiftula, Tamarind-Tree, Indian . Oak, Nux. Vomica, Mangoes, Cherufes, Ananas, Ge. then adds a fummary Defcription of the whole Country, — and its Produds in general, as of its Mountains, Plains, — Woods, Rivers, the Minerals, Vegetables, Animals, the — People and their Conftitutions, and Cuftoms, Houfing, — | ; Cloathing, - ( 347 2 | | Cloathing, Diet, their Occupations, and laftly, a very: particular Account of their Weights, Meafures, and . Coyns, in which he has amafled together fo many Re- markables, that "tis very difficult to give an Ab(tract or Epitomy of them. : . [n his Fifth Letter he gives an Account of his leaving this Country, and his failing to Perfa, and landing at - Gembroon, relating all the Particulars he remarkt in his Voyage; and aíter a Defcription of this Place, he relates. the Particulars he obferved in his Travels by Land to Siras, and then to Perfepolis or Chalminor, both which he defcribes, and a multitude of curious Obfervations. which he took notice of by the way: from thence he re- lates his Progrefs into Parthia, and fo to Spaban, where. he defcribes all that is remarkable in and about that City, as at fe/fa a part of its Suburbs, where live Six Thoufand Families of Armenians, {ome French Artizans, and the ancient Gabers, Gauraas, or true old Perfians, (whofe pre- . fent Condition he relates) as alfo that of the Armenians and Georgians, and alltheir Religious Rites and Ceremo- nies; in the Place it felf he firít defcribes the Emperor's. Palace and the Rareties thereof, together with the Diver- | tifements ; and adds a Catalogue of Plants he found there to flourifh, with the Times and Nature of the Seafons: Then he relates his Journey to Gombroom, in the Winter, and his Return to Spabae in the Spring; aad then his- Voyage to Congo for Pearl, all whofe Sorts he defcribes. | with their Values, (c. | After this he gives a more full and particular Account. ] of the prefent State of all Perfa, both Geographical, 3 and Political, comprifing the Natural and Civil Hiftory 3 thereof, and that more fully: than I have met with in 3. any other Author. | (. 348 ) His Sixth and Seventh Letters givean Account of fome Broils and Revolutions that happened in and about Surat, during his ftay there, and a further Account of the Great Mogul and his Actions and Power. His Eighth Letter is a Journal of his Voyage in his Return to Zzg/and, wherein he relates the Hiftory of St. Ffelena, and defcribes the Ifland of A/cenfion more par- ticularly than I have elfewhere found it ; and laft of all, his Landing in Kent, Auguft the 2oth. 1682. from whence he dates his laft Letter. * LO N DON: Printed for SamSmith, d Benj. Walford, — Printers. to the Royal Society, at the Prince's Arms — in St. Paul's. Church. Yard. 1698. WWW Uy = a = ie : MS NN WW NN N ANNE I tt ——F TI^ | | \ | [/ 4 Ws a U / " Wi 27 V4 4 4 i i) H WM W Wie: AN HH " eet m RW (3494 Y... Numb.245, PHILOSOPHICAL oe NS _ For the gd f MA SUC ^ The CONTENTS. L 4 Relatife of the Symptoms that attended the Death of Mr. Robert Burdett, az Engli(h = Merchant of Aleppo, who was killed by the — Bite of a Serpent. Communicated by Mr. Aaron Goodyear, who was then prefent. II]. A Let- ter of Dr. John Wallis, (Geom. Prof. Oxon, aud F,R.S.) to Mr. Thomas Beverly 5 Cone cerning bis Method for Inftrutting Perfons Deaf and Dumb. III. Part of a Letter from Mr. Witten, Burgermafter of Amfterdam, and -F. R. 8. to Dr. Martin. Lifter, fellow of tbe, Colledge of Pbyficians, and K. S. concerning fome late Obferwations in Nova Hollandia. IV. Some Philofopbical Experiments, comnm- nicated by the Right apace Sir Robert Southwell, V. P. R. S. 1. To make the Globe Looking-glafs. 2. Ls Paint a Globe- Magick, | quit or any otber, in Marble Colour. 3. The Z Fff- p08 ( 350 ) X OE Magick Lanthorn. 4. Phofphorus Metalbrum. c MX. Part of Two Letters from Dr. Cay, to Dr. Maxtin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Phyficians and Royal Society; concerning fome Mineral Waters. V1. Excerpta ex literis . D. Caffini ad P. Fontenay Mathematicum Re- gium apud Sinas. VII. Quadratura Logaritb- mica. Autore Fo. Craig. VIL. An Account of a Gall- Bee, aud tbe Death-Watcb, By Mr. Ben}. Allen. 1X. Aa extra& of a Letter from Dr.Rob. St. Clair, to Dr. Rob. Hook, F. R. S. giving am Account of a very odd Eruption of Fire ont of a Spot inthe Earth near Fierenzola in Italy, with an eafy Contrivance of a Lamp to be kept always full whilft it burns. X. A _ Copy of a Letter from R. P. Vicar of Kild- | wick zz Yorkfhire, to 2 Friend of bis in thofe Parts, wherein be gives an Account of an * - Extraordinary Eruption of Water, which bap- pened ia June, 1686. XL Some Experi- ments about Freezing. By Mr. Defmatters. Communicated by Dr. William Mufgrave, Fel. Coll. Pbyf. and R. $. XIL 4 Cata- logue of Elecirical Bodies.By the late, Dr. Rob. Plot, F. R. $. XIII. Am Account of a Bock. - Hiffoire des Plantes qui naiffent aux environs de Paris, "avec leur ufage dans la medecine. .— p«r Mr. Pitton me de 0 Ácademir. Roy- 1 ale | ie 02139 | ale des Sciences, DoSleur en Medicine de la Faculte de Paris, Qo Profeffeur en Botanique au Fardin Royal des Plantes, A Paris de lim- primerie royale. 1698. 8vo. XIV. An Ac- count of Books newly printed beyond Sea, XV. An Account of Books now Printing beyoud Sea, L 4 Relation of the Symptoms that attended the Death of Mr. Robert Burdest, an Englifb Merchant of Aleppo, who was kill’d by the Bite of a Serpent. Communicated by Mr. Aaron. - Goodyear, who was then prefeut. : WAR. Robert Burdet, on the Fourth of OGober, 1678.. ¢ _ was bit by a Serpent on the Left Wrift, near the Pulfe towards his Hand ; it feem’d at firfi like two Pricks: of a Pin, he immediately vomited, and his Wrift and. Hand begun to {well prefently ; he had (ome few Days be-- fore a Loofenefs, which perhaps this increafed ; he rode: eafily alone,after he was bit, (above two Miles off) to 4/ep- po, trom the Borders of the Vineyards by Nerope Plain ;. -affoon as he got to his Chamber,he (aid, he was bit by a | Rat (and would not own it wasa Serpent) though a Zur£- | . accidentally paffing by, faid, he (aw the Serpent hang at |. his Wrift, as he pull'd his Hand out of the Refuge, ho-. . ping to have taken a Hare that he had Cours ia there ;. he (aid, he felt no pain, but a great defire to fleep; his. -Arm continued {welling upwards, and grew black; fome little Remedies were ufed till the refi of the Factory re- |- turn’d, who knew nothing of this, he being then alone,. from the reft in the Field ; then they begun to Cup and: fcarifie his Arm; he having ftili no, Pain, but a abi Drow fis. 1 | | ( 352 ) Drowzinefs ; but was kept waking, to ufe that little time he had left, to prepare himfelt for Death; which he perform'd exceedingly well ; at laft the Swelling came up to his Shoulder, and then he complain’d much; and within a Quarter of an Hour died. He was bit about Ten in the Forenoon, and died about Three inthe After- noon; his Body fwell'd much after Death, and purg'd, The Snake was like a common Snake, for length ; his Colour dark fandy, with black Spots; his two Teeth, or Fangs are like thofe of a Rattle-Snake, on the Up. per Jaw ; the Poyfon lies in the Gums; and wherever they fetch Blood of any Creature they certainly kill ; though in fome Parts fooner than in others. The Oy] of Tobacco kills the Serpent, if put in his Mouth, as was experienced. The People of the Country fay, that if, as foon as any one is bit by a Serpent, they fhall fuck immediately the Wound, they may be faved; but they rub firft their Gums and Teeth with Oyl, that none of the Poyfon may touch any Place; where the Skin is bro- ken, and fpit out immediately what they fuck, every time wafhing the Mouth, and taking more Oyl. This Serpent kill'd a Dog, in about Eight Minutes time, bi- ting him at the end of his Ear; and two young Turkeys - afterwards in three or four Minutes each, biting them at the end of a Claw; and then we poyfon'd him with the Oyl of Tobacco out of a Reed Pipe (that had been much ufed, and not cleanfed for a Week or Two) and he died in about two or Three Minutes, trembling asíoon as the Oyl was dropt into his Mouth. There are People that get their Bread by taking and fhewing thefe Serpents: They find them in hot Days near Rocks, or the Moun- tains, and elfewhere; putting a Stick nigh their Head, take them up carefully by the Neck, as you hold a Rabbit, ‘and putting them into a Leather Bag, carrying them — about to fhew. | | ¥ E i 3 LE Z4 Letter of Dr. John Wallis, (Geom. Prof. Oxon, aud F.R.S.) to Mr. Thomas Beverly; Concern- ng his Method for Inftructing Per- ~ Sons Deaf and Dumb. SIR. Have recieved your Letter of Sept. 22. Wherin you tell me the cafe of a Family, wherein you are concerned 5. which is really very fad. Of Eight Children now living, Five are Deaf and Dumb. ( And, I fuppofe, Dumb becaufe. Deaf. ) | | You defire my Directions ,. How beft to fupply that Defe&: Having had fome Acquaintance (I underftand ) with Mr. Alexander Popham, ( who, I think, is yet living, ) whom ( being born Deaf) Itaught (about four or five and thirty years ago ) to Speak diftinétly, ( though I doubt, he may now have forgot much of it;) And, to Underftand a Lan- guage, fo as to exprefs his mind ( tolerably well) by Writing, and to , underftand what is written to him by others. As I had, before, taught Mr. Daniel Whaley: Who was Deaf alfo; but is lately dead. Others, who were not Deaf, but had great Impediments. in their Speech, ( who Stuttered extremely, or who have not been able to pro- nounce fome Letters,) I have taught to Speak very Diftindlly, and to pronounce thofc letters which before they could not : So as perfectly to con- | eee he ES ANE quer x. / ( 354 ) quer that difficulty; at leaf fo as that it was very little ( if at all ) dif cernable. | Some other Deaf perfons, I have not attempted teaching them to Speak; but onely fo as (in good meafure) to undetftand a Language, and to exprefs their mind ( tolerably well ) in Writing. Who have thereby attained a much greater meafure of Knowledge in many things, than was thought attainable to perfons in their circumftances; and be- come capable ( upon further improvement ) of fuch further Knowledge as is attainable by Reading. : The former part of this Work (teaching to Speak, or to {peak Plain ) is to be done, by Direéting them to Apply their Tongue, Lips, and other Organs of Speech, to fuch Poftures and Motions, as are proper for the Formation of fuch and fuch Sounds { refpectively ) as are ufed in Speech. And, then, the Breath, emitted from the Lungs, will Form thofe Sounds ; whether the perfon Speaking do Hear himfelf, or not. Of which refpe&ive Formation, of al Sounds commonly ufed in Speech, I have given a full Account (and, I think, I am the firft who have doneit,) in my Treatife De Logwelz; prefixed to my Gramma of the Enz/// Tongue ; firft publifhed in the year 1653. In purfuance of which, I attempted the Teaching of Deaf perfons to fpeak. And this is indeed the Shorter work of the Two. (however looked upon as the more Stupendous.) But this, without the other, would be of little ufe. For, to pronounce words only as a Parrot, without knowing what they fignify, would do us but little fervice. Andit would by degrees ( without a Director to correct Miftakes) come to be loft in part. For, like as one who Writes a fair Hand, if he become Blind, would foon forget the exa& Draught of his Letters, for. want of an Eye .to dire& his Hand: So he, who doth not Hear himfelf Speak, muft needs be apt to forget the Nicenefs of Formation ( without a Prompter ) for want of an Ear to regulate his Tongue. . The other part of the Work ( to teach a Language ) is what you now inquire about. d , x idi irn H In-orderto this; itis Neceffary inthe firft place, That the Deaf perfon be taught to Write. That there may be fomewhatto exprefs to the Eye, what the Sound ( of Letters ) reprefents to the Ear. dg "Twill next be very Convenient ( becaufe Pen and Ink is not alwaies at hand ) that he be. taught, How to defign each Letter, by fome cer- tain Place, Pofition, or Motion, of a Finger, Hand or other Part of the Body; ( which may ferve inftead of Writing.) As for mftance, The five. Vowels 2ei0 25 by pointing to the Top of the five Fingers: And the other Letters bcd &c. by fuch other placeor pofture of a Finger, or otherwife, as fhall be agreed upon. | _ After this; a Language is to be taught this Deaf perfon, by like me- thods as Children are at firft taught a Language ; ( though the thing perhaps be not heeded.) Onely with this difference: Children learn Sounds by the Ear; but the Deaf perfon is to learn Marks ( of thofe- founds } by the Eye. But both the one and the other, do equally ey ws the € 3x5) . the fame Things or Notions ; and are equally ( jignificantia ad placisum ) of meer Arbitrary Signification. | "Tis then moft natural (as Children learn the Names of Things.) to furnifh him ( by degrees ) with a Nomenclator ; containing a competent number of Names, of things common and obvious to the Eye; (that you may Shew the Thing aníwering to fuch a Name.) And thefe di- gefted under convenient Titles; and placed ( underthem ) in {uch con- venient Order (in feveral Columnes, or other orderly fituation in the Paper, ) as ( by their Pofition ) beft to exprefs, to the Eye, their Rela- .tion or Refpect to one another. As, Contraries or . Correlatives, one over againft the other; Subordinates or -Appurtenances , under their Principals. ^ Which may ferve as a kind of Local Memory. - Thus, (in one Paper ) under the title 7an-hind; may be placed, ( not Confufedly , but in decent Order,) an, Woman, Child, Cons girles ) And, if you pleafe, the Names of fome known perfons, ( of the family, or others:) with Spaces left to be fupplied with other like Names or Words, as after there may be occafion. — Then ( in another Paper) under the Title Body, may be written ( in like convenient order) ZJead , (hair, skin, ear,) Face, forhead, eye, ( eye lid, eye-brow, ) cheek, nofé, ( noftril, ) mouth, (lip, chin.) Neck ( throat.) Back, Breaff, Side, ( right-fide, left-fide..) Belly, Shoulder, Arm, ( elbow, wvift, hand, (back, palm,) finger, ( thumb, kuuckle, nail.) Thigh, knee, leg, ( shin, calf, anckle,) foot, ( heel, fole,) toe. With. like Spaces, as before, for more to be added, as there 1s occafion. And when he hath learned the import of Words in each Paper; let him Write them (in like manner) 1n diftin& Leaves or Pages of a Book ( prepared for that purpofe ) to confirm his Memory, and to have recouríe to it upon occafion. ^ | In a Third Paper, you may give him the Zamward parts. As, Soul, (brain, ) Throat, ( wind-pipe,gullet,) Stomach, (guts) heart, lungs, liver, fplene, kidney, bladder, ( wine, ) vein, ( blond, ) bone, ( marrow, ) flefh,fat, &c. "In another Paper, under the title Beas?, may be placed; Hforfe (ftone- borfe, gelding, ) mare, ( colt.) Bull, ( ox,) com, calf. Sheep , ram, ( wether, ) ew, ( lamb.) Flog, boar, fow, pig. Dog, ( maftif, hound, grey-hound, fpannel, ) bitch, ( whelp, puppy.) Hare rabbet. Cat, mowfe, rat, &c. | | . - Under the title Bird, or Fowl; put Cock, (capon,) hen, chick. Goofe, ( gander, ) gofling. Duck ( drake, ) Swan, Crow, Kite, Lark, &ce. — - Under the title Fj/5, put Pike, Eel, Plaice, Salmon, Lobftar, Crab, Oifter, Crampfh, &c. You may then put Plants or Vegetables, under feveral. Z7eads, or Sub- divifions of the fame Head. As, Tree, ( root, bedy, bark, bough, leaf, fruit 5 ) ‘Ook, afb, apple-tree, pear-tree, vine, &c. Fruit, apple, pear, plum, chery, grape, wut, orange, lemon. Flower s vofe, tulip gilofer.. Herb , (weed ,) grafi. Corn ; wheat, barly, ry, pea, bean, “And the like of Inanimates. As, Heaven; fun, moon, ftar. Elements; earth, mater, airy fre. And, ( under the title Earths) clay, fand, gravel, ftone. Metal; gold; filver, brafs, ( copper, ) iron , ( reel, ) lead , tin, ( pewter, ) glafs. Under the title; Wearer; put Sea , pond, river, (iream. Under | - Ggg2a o that | ( 356 ) that of Airs put Light, dark, mift, fog. Cloud $ wind y vain, bail , from; ehunder > lightening (I he Se Under that of Fire’ - Coal, flame, frooke, foot, bes. ' Unde the title Clothes ; ; put Woollen, (cloth, fituff,). Linen; (holland, lawn, lockarum, ) Silk, ( Satin, Velvet.) Flat, cap , band, doublet j bpm, coat, cloak, ftockings, foe, boot, fDivt, petty-coat, gown, &c. ; Under the title Houle; put Wall, roof, door, window, ( feodi room. ‘Under Room: put Shop, a parlour, dining-room, chamber, ( fendyyclofer, ) MENS, cellar, flable, &c. And, under each of thefe, (as diftinét Heads, ) the Furniture or Utenfil belonginging thereunto; ( with Divifions and Subdivifions , as there 1s occafion ;) which I forbear to mention, that I be not too prolix. . And, in like manner, from time to time, may be added more Col- lections or Claíffes of Names or. Words, conveniently digefted under diftin& Heads, and futable Diftributions; to be written in diitinct Leaves or Pages of his Book; in fuch order as may feem convenient: Which I leave to the prudence of the Teacher. ^ When he is furnifhed with a competent number of Names, ( though not fo many as I have mentioned: ) it will be feafonable to teach him ( under the titles Singular, Plural,) the Formation of Plurals from Sin- gulars ; by adding s or es: As, ' Hand , bands; Face, faces; Fifb , Fifbes, &c, with fome few Irregulars 5 As, Man, men s Women, women s Foot, fet; Tooth, teeth; Mowfe, Mice; Lowe, lice ; Ox, oxen, "Bec. “Which i except the Irregulars) will ferve for Poflefives (to be after taught him, ) which are formed from their Primitives, by like addition of s or es. Except fome few Irregulars; As, Ay, mine; Thy, thine; Our, ours; Your, yours; Fis; Fler, hers; Their, theirs, &c. And in all thofe, and other like cafes, it will be ptoper firft to fhew lim the Particulars, and then the General Title. Then: teach him (in another Page, or Paper) the Particles ; A, 4n 5 The, tbis,tbat ; Thefe, thofe. And the Pronouns; 9, me, my, mine; Thon, thee, thy, thine; We, us, our, ours; Yec, you, your, yours; He, him, et Shee, her, hers; It, its They, them, ‘their, theirs 5 bo, whom, who's. Then, under the titles Adjettive, Subftantive s teach him to connect thefe. As, Ay hand, Your head, His foot , His feet, Her arm, arms, Our hats, Their Poe Fohn's coat, William s band, &c. And, in order to furnifh him with more Adjectives; Under the title . Colours, you may place Black, white, gray , green, blew s yellow , red, &c. And, having fhewed the Particulars ; let him know, Thefe are called Colours. The like for Taft, and Smell; As, oe bitter, four, ftink, | And, for Hearing; Sound, 3 mord. : Then, for Touch or Feeling : Alot, ( warm, ) Cold, ( cool,) Wet, ( morfis) Dry; Hard, fofi Tough, brittle ; Heavy, light, &c. . From whence you may farnith him with more Examples ok Adjetkives with Subftamives; As, White bread; Brown bread, Green gra[s, Soft cheefe, Flard cheefe, Black hat, My black-hat, &c.- And then y inverting the saad ? pon and p ( with *- V C352) Verb Copulative between: ) As; Silver. is abite ; Cold. ;s yellow; Lead is heavy ; Wood is light; Snow is white; Ink is blach s. Flefh is foft 5 Bone is hard; lam fick; I am not well, &c. Which willbegin to.give him fome notion of Syntax, | E : In like manner, when Subftantive and. Subftantive are fo connected... As; Goldisa Metal; 24 Rofe is a Fiomer s Wee ave mens They are women; Hforfes - ave beasts; Geefe are Fowls; Larks are Birds, &c.. Then, às thofe before relate to Quality, you may give him fome other words relating to Quantity. Ass Long, fhort ; Broad, narrow ; Thick, shin 5 Eligb, (tall,) low; Deep, shallow; Great, (big, ) fmall, ( lutle;) Much, lit- tle; Many, few s Full, empty s Whole, part, ( piece; ) All, fome, none ; Strong, weak; Quick, flow; Equal, unequal; Bigger, les. Then, words of Figure; As, Streight , crooked; Plain, bowed; Concave, _ C hollom ) convex 5 Round, fquare , three-(quare; Sphere , ( globe, ball, boul; ) cis (dies) Upright, floping; Leaning formard, leaning backward; Like, un- e. : Of Gefture; As, Stand, ly, fit, kneel, ftoop. | Of Motion; As, Atove, ( flir,) vef 5 Walk, (go, come 5) Run Leaps Rides Fall, rife; Swim, fink, ( drown 3) Slide; Creep, (crawl $) Fly; Pull, ( dram, ) thrajt, throw 5. Bring, fetch, carry. Then, words relating to Time, Place, Number, Weight, Meafuoe, Money, &c. are ( inconvenienttime ) to be fhewed him, diftin@ly. For which the Teacher, according to his difcretion, may take a convenient fea-_ fon... : : ! ‘As likewife, The Time of the Day; The Days of tbe 1Veeh 5 The Days of the Month; The Months of the Yeor; and other things relating to the the Almanackt Which he will quickly be capableto underítand, if Me- thodically fhewed him. H DE. ; As likewife, the Names and Situations, of Places, and Couniries, which are convenient for him to know. Which may be orderly written in his Book; and fhewed him in Afaps, of London , England , Europe, the World, &c. . But thefe may be done at leifure; As likewife, the Pra&ice of Arith- metick , and other like pieces of Learning. In the mean time; (after the Concord of Subffantive and Adjective s yo he is to be fhewed (by convenient Examples) that of the Nominative and Verb. As, for inftance, Z go, You fee, He fits, They fland , tbe Fire burns, the Sun fhines, the Wind blows, the Rain falls, the Water runs; and the like: with the Titles in the top, Nominative, Verb. After this, ( under the titles, Nominative, Verb, Accufative,) give him Examples of Verbs Tranfitives; As, Z fee you, You fee me, The Fire burns the Wood, The Boy makes a Fire, The Cook roafts the Meat, The Butler lays the Cloth, We eat our Dinner. - Or even with a Double Accufative; As, You teach me (Writing, or) to Write ; Sobn teacheth meto Dance ; Thomas tells me a Tale, &c. - After this; you may teach him the Flexion or Conjugation of a Verb; ot;-what is equivalent thereunto. For, in our Englifh Tongue, each - Verb hath but Two Zenfes (the Prefent and the Preer) and Two Parteci- iei» Ggg 3 pees ( 358 ) les ( the AGive and the P ) All the re& is performed by tuxiliz- oY; Which ( Auxiliaries ) es more Tenfes, than the € Verbs. Thofe Z4uxiliaries, are, Do, did; Will, would; Shall, Poould ; May, might ; Can, could; Muft, ought to; Fave, had; Am ( be, ) Was. d if, by Ex- a amples, you can infinuate the fi enifcation of thefe Few Words : you will have taught him the whole Flexion of the Verb. And here it will be convenient, ( once for all, ) to Write him out a fall Paradigm of fome one Verb, ( fuppofe , t» Se; ) through all thofe Auxiliaries. - The Verb it felf, hath but thefe Four Words to be learned; See, fam, feeing, feen. Save that; after Tos inthe Seeond Perfon fingular ( in both Tenfes ) we add eff; and, in the Third Perfon fingular ( in the Prefent Fenfe ) eb or es: Or, inftead thereof, st, th, s. And fo inall Verbs. - Then, to the Auxiliaries, Do did, Will nli, Shall fhould, May miglx, Can could, Muft ought to, we adjoin the Indefinite See. And, after Ave had, ipe (5e) mas, the Paffive Participle Seen. And fo for all other Verbs But the Auxiliary 74m or Be, is fomewhat Irregular ; in a double form ; Am, art, is; Plural Are. Was, waft, was; Plural, Were. Be, be(l, be; Plural; Be. Were, wert, were; Plural, Were. Be ( am, ) was, deing, been. . Which (attended with the other Auxiliaries) make up the whole Pafirze Foie. All Verbs ( without Exception ) in the p Partidiple , are formed by adding ing; As, See, fceing ; Teach, The Preter tenfe, and the Pafive pleats at are formed i regularly ) xd adding ed. But are oft fubje& to Comtraftions, and other : ( fometime, the fame in both ; fome time, different. ) Andt itis convenient , bere, to give a Table of Verbs (efpecially the moft ufual ) for thofe Three cafes. ¢ Which may, at once, teach their and their Formation.) As, Boil, boiled, boiled; 5 Roff, rofted , rofted; Bake, baked y &c. Teach,taught, taught ; Bring, brought, brought 5 Buy, &c: See, fam, feen; Give, gave, given; Take, took , taken; Forfake, forfook, for- faken s. Write, wrote, written ; &c. With many more, fit to be learned. The Verbs being thus difpatched 5 he is then to learn the Prepofitions. Wherein lies the whole Regimen of the Noun. ( For Diverfity of Cafes, we havenone.) The force of which is to be infinuated by convenient Examples, fuited to their different Significations. As, for inftance, Of JA piece of bread; AL pint of Wine; The cover of « pot; The colour ok ns d ring of gold; A cup of five ; The Mayor of London ; The long- eft o &c. T aud i in like manner for, of; on, upon To, unto, till, untill ; From; T Za ( within, ) ome ( wihow ; ) Into, out of ; About, over, piles 2 dived: below = Betmoen, among; Before, behind , after; For; By; With, shrough s Ags : Concerning; And, by this time, he will be pretty well inabled to underftand a Single Sentence. In the laft place; he is ( in like manner ) to be taught Conjunétionr. —- (Which ferve to connett, not Wore: onely; but Sentences.) As, And, — alfo, 2 T. (73592) alfo, likewifes Either, or, whether; Neither, nors If, then; Why ( wherefore,) becaufe, therefore; But, trough, yet ; &c. And thefe illuftrated by convenient Examples, in each cafe. As, : la t5 Becanfe I am cold; therefore. I go to the fire; that I may be warm; For it 1s cold wether. din | Jf ic were fair, then it would be good walking: Bat ( however ) though itrain, ye? Imuft go; Pbecavfe I promifed. With oiher like inflances. And, by this time, his Book, (if well furnifhed with plenty of Words ; and thofe well digefted , under feveral Heads , and in good Order; and well recruited from time to time as new words occur; ) will ferve him in the nature ofa Dictionary and Grammar. : | . And, in cafe the Deaf Perfon be otherwife of a good Natural Ca- pacity ; and the Teacher of good Sagacity ; By this method ( pro- ceeding gradually , itep by ftep,) you may (with Diligence and due Application, of Teacher and Learner, ) in a Years time, or thereabouts, perceive a greater progrefs than you would expect: and a good Foun- dation layd for farther Inftruction, in matters of Religion, and other Knowledge which may be taught by Books. is - It will be convenient, all along, to have Pen Ink and Paper ready at hand, to write down in Words, what you fignify to him by Signes; and caufe Him to Write ( oríhew him how to Write) what He fignifies by Signes Which way (of fignifying their mind by Signes) Deaf perfons are often very good at. And we muft endeavour to learn Their language ( if I may fo callit) in order to teach them Ours: By fhewing, what 77o:ds anfwer to their Signes. des ‘Twill be convenient alfo, as you go along, (after fome convenient progrefs made,) to Exprefs ( 1n as plain language as may be ) the import of fome of the Tables. As, for inftance, The Head is the Higheft part of the Body; the- Fee, the Loweft part; The Face is the Fore-part ofthe Head; The Forhead is Over the Eyes; The Cheeks are Under the Eyes; The JNofe is betwen the Cheeks ; The Mouth is Under the Nefe, and Above the Chin, &c. . And fuch Plain Difceurfe, put into Writing , and particularly ex- plained ; will teach him by degrees to underftand Plaiu Sentences. And like Advantages, a Sagacious Teacher, may take as occafion offers it {elf _-from time to time. | Thus I have, in a Long Zeier, given you a Short Account of my Me- thods ( ufed, in fuch cafes, with good Succefs; ) which to do at Large, would require a Book. I have taken the pains to draw-up this method, (which is what I have purfued my felf inthe like cafe, ) asapprehending it may be of ufe to fome others when I am dead. And Iam not defirous it [hould dy with me. . And I have done it as plainly as T could, that it may be the bet- ter underftood. ^ I have given onely fome fhort Specimens of fuch Tables as I had made for my own ule, and the ufe of thofe whom I was to infiruct; but to give them at large, would be more than the work of a Let- "ters and they are to be varied , as the Circumftances of rhe Perfons 1 ap "guages give a great deal of trouble, which the Simplicity of our Language dot | Oxford, C . Sept. 30. dicm : 3 wid "wd 169g hia | À bog id Ser, — ours to ferve Jom, — JOHN WALLIS. (369) and the Dlacés-may require; or the prudence of.a Teaches [hall find expedient, — — : | It is adjufted to’ the Englifh Tongue , becaufe fuch were the perfons I had to deal with. $ - To thofe of another Language, it muft be fo altered as fuch Language requires. And perhaps will not be fo eafily done for another Language as for the Englíh. The Flexion of Nouns, the Conjugation of Verbs, the Difference of Genders, the Variety of Syntax &c. do in other Lan- free us from. But this is not my prefent bufinefs. I cin, NES6DO S - UL ‘Part of a Letter from Mr. Witien, Burger- mafter of Amf{terdam, and F. K. $. to Dr. Martin Lifter, fellow of tbe Colledge of Phy- frcians, and RK S. | concerning fome late Ob- | ^ cw in Nova Hollandia. Ere is returned a Ship, which by our Ea/? 7adia A Company, was fent to the South Land, called, Flollandia Nova. The Mafter hath brought me Two . Shells from that Country, hitherto not fufficiently known, which he found on the Sea-fide, and I make bold — _ to fend you the Draught of them, the Shells themfelves | being twice as long and broad as the Draught, and in- —. deed I could not beftow them better, than to one who | hath the beft Knowledge of thefe, and all other Sca Pro- IM ducts On this Voyage nothing hath been difcovered which | ean be any way ferviceable to the Company. The Soil | of this Country hath been found very barren, and asa . Defart; no. Frefh-water Rivers have been found, but | fome Salc-water Rivers, as alfo no Four-foored Beatts, | except one as great as a Dog, with long Ears, living in | the Water as well as on the Land. | Black Swans, Parrots, and many’ 'Sea-Cows were | fouad there; asalío a Lake, whofe Water feemed to be Red, becaufe of the Redneis of the Bottom of it: and ) round along the Shore there was fomé Salt. Our People | B had feen but Twelve of the Natives, all as black as Pitch, 3 and fark naked, fo terrified, that ‘it was impoffible to | bring them to Converfation, or a Meeting : They lodge | themifelves as the Hortentats: in Pavilions ; of {mall Bran- p Hhh Lu ches : |. C362) ches of Trees, By Night our People faw Fires all over the Country ; but when they drew near, the Natives were fled. The Coaít is very low, but the Country fer from the Sea is high. Upon the Ifland near the Coaft have been feen Rats as great as Cats, in an inpumerable Quantity ; all which had a kind of a Bag or Purfe hanging trom the Throat upon the Breaft downwards. ‘There were found many well- fmelling ‘Trees, and out of their Wood is to be drawn Oyl {melling as a Rofe, but forthe reft they are {mall and miferable Trees. There were alío found fome Birds - nefts of a prodigious greatnefs, fo that Six Men could not, by ftretching out their Arms, encompafs One of » them; but the Fowls were not to be found. "There was great Store of Oyfters, Lobfters, and Crabs; as alfo of ftrange forts of Fith. There were alfo Millions of Flies,very much troubling Men. They faw a great many Footfteps of Men and Children, but all of an ordinary bignefs, The Coaft is very foul and full of Rocks. The Subject of this Voyage was to get Intelligence of. a Ship having on board Sir James Couper, with Three — ‘Hundred Men, which we thought to be ftranded there; — but fince we have underftood that the faid Ship hath — been taken by fome Pirates near Madagafcar, and that — the faid Sir fames was by them killed. 1 Amft. 3 Ocl. 1698. The Two Shells herein mentioned, are Printed in my j J Synopfis Conchyliorum, the one is tbe 1ít Nauti lus,the ozber the Concha Perfica claviculà radiata. | - IV. Some : (363) | IV. Some Philofopbical Experiments, communi- cated by the Right Honourable Sir Robert . Southwell, F. P. R. S. — 1. To make the Globe Looking-glafs. ^2 dy cipe le Marchafite of Silver, each Three | Ounces, Tin and Lead, each half an Ounce; — thefe Two firft throw on the Marchafite, and laft of all the Quickfilver, ftir them well together, but they muft be taken from the Fire, and be towards cooling before the Quickfilver be added; let your Glafs be well warm: ed, then pour out the Mixture, and roll it from fide to |o fide. M". : Note, "his will do alfo when cold, but ’tis beft whea the Glafs is heated and very dry. Note alfo, That if at the Glafs Houfe, your Ball be | of Yellow Glafs, then all will fhine like Gold. | ie Ahh 2 | 2. Jo _ Colours, ( 364 ) a. To Paint a Globe-Glafs, or any thts, in Mar- ble Colour. Fr. grind well upon a Stone fome Minium for Red. 2. Radix Curcumg, ot rather. Ceruffa Citrina for Yellow. 3. Smalt for Blew. 4. Verdegreafe for Green. — . . 5, Ceru[fe, or Chalk, for White. Which being all (eparately wrought in Oyl, take a Brufh of Hogs Hair, mix in any of the faid Colours, and it will, beiog rowled in your Hand, {catter the fame upon the Glats ; then,with your Pencil work them together as you. think fit; and laftly, fling a little Meade amongft them, which covers all. 3. Tbe Magick Lanthorn. * Here are every where made of thefe Lanthorns to reprefent and magnifie Figures upon a Wall, but then ’tis only ia the Dark, ‘wherefore to give Variety of Take Oyl of Spike, and therein mix the feveral Co- lours, wherewith you will have your Glafs to be ftain’d, paint them finely on, they dry prefently, and penetrate — | any Glafs. | - 4. Plo[phorus Ep ( 365 ) A. Phofphorus Metallorum. Ake Lapis. Smaragd: Minerals ({uch as is found in the Mines of Saxony) and beat it into a very fine .' Powder. 2 If you ftrew this very fine on any Metal, andin any — Figure, and fet the Plate on any hot Coals, in a fhort time you will perceive in the Dark, a Light to thine, which will (faith my Author) laft as long as you conti- nue the hot Coals, and if you beat out the Fire, it may do again for once or twice, but then the Vertue will fade. . ; i | V. Part of Two Letters from Dr. Cay, to Dr. Martin Lifter, Fellow of the Colledge of Pby- ficians and Royal Society; concerning fome Mineral Waters. | Had a Mineral Water fent me, not long fince, by | Mr. Duncan (a Surgeon in Alnfeick, pretty well known for his Skill in his own Profeffion) which he de- fired me to examine, and give him an account of. Ac- cordingly I firft try'd it after the ufual manner, with Galls; and found it turn’d almoft quite Black, though it had been brought at leaft Thirty Miles by Land- carriage Hom Eglingbam in Northumberland: But if this deep Colour was fomewhat of a Surprize to me (for it. was deeper than that of any atramentous Water, I had ever niet with before) yet you'll eafily imagine, that I was | nfuch more furpriz’d to find,‘ after I bad flowly, in a 1 Glais, evaporated more than one halt of this Water, that \: ahah | ius , | ^. K36& ) it fill retain'd the fame atramentous Quality , and {truck yet as deep with Galls as ever. The ftrangenefs of this Pheenomenon made me hope to meet with fome- what new and uncommon in this Water; and the Event did.not deceive me, for it yielded me, at laft, a real and genuine Vitriol. I fay nothing of the Ocre which this. Water let fall in very great Plenty, that being a thing common to all atramentous Waters. It'sftrange, how the Thoughts of having found out (ome new thing, that has efcapd the Eyes and Obferva- tions of all Mankind befides, does footh the Vanity of our Natures: The Appearance of a new Phoenomenon makes us think of nothing but fetting up for Authors of fome new Hypothefis, aad while we give not our Thoughts time to cool, and calmly to deliberate, we over-look a great many things, which, ia cold Blood, we would have thought neceflary to have been enquired after; and thus in our Hafte and Tranfport, for the moft part, we lofe our felves, and leap over the Truth. "Though I was as ready as others to congratulate my felf for having met witha thing that feemed odd enough, yet I had ftill fome fecret Sufpicions of this Matter, that . kept me from confidently affirming that I had met with a Spring that held real Vitriol: I could not bring my felf to think it poffible, that the Pyrites, lying conftant- ly under Water, fhould ever yield Vitriol ; and I knew of nothing elfe (at leaft in England) that I could expect it from: And for the Mif, Sory, Ghalcites, and Melan- teria (of lomeof which Vitriol is made in other parts of the World, as Agricola, Caneparivs, and others inform us) though the Account we have of 'em from the An- cients is very much confus'd, and fometimes fcems to be inconfiftent, and what the Moderns {ay in this matter is — but an imperfect Tranfcript of what the Ancients have faid before, yet if any thing can be gathered out of their — | Accounts - : | (367) Accounts of thefe Stones, it feems to me to be this, that they are all but different forts of the Pyrites: But if I be miftaken in this Matter, I defire that you would fet me right, and inform me better. But however this may be, though thee things had their weight with me, yet another thing feemed itill to increafe my Sufpicions; I 'Ecould {carce bring my {elf to believe that a thing of this Nature, fhould not only efcape your Obfervation, but the united Obiervations of the Gentlemen of the Royal "Academy in France; and that after all, That, which could neither be found by you in Eagland, nor by them in France, fhould fo nicely referve it felt, only to be dif- covered at laft by Dr. Leigh in Lancafbire, and by mein Northumberland. But to put an end to all doubting in this Matter, having lately fome Bufinefs that call'd me within Four or Five Miles of Aglingham, my Curiofity led me to vifit this notable Well; and as Iam too much. a Friend to Dr. Lifer, and the Truth, to conceal any | thing that I íaw ; fo, to tell the whole Matter, I found | our mighty Rarity, our Vitriol- Water to be only an old | Drift made for the draining of a Row of old: wrought . Coal Pits a little above, and l inforni'd my felf from fomex old Men, that had formerly wrought in thefe Pits,. that there was plenty of the Pyrites there, by them call'd, Brafs Lumps; and that this Drift was fometimes dry, and fometimes run with a plentiful Stream ; which is as fair and full an Account how this Water comes to have Vitriol in it, as aay one need to defire : If this, after all, . muft be reckon'd a Spring, we have yet a Variety of Mee. | dicated Springs, which Dr. Leigh takes no notice of, in Eancafbire. Our Common Shores are fometimes ftrong- ly enough impregnated with Volatile Salt, to give Name to a new Clafis of Urinous Springs ; and it’s to be won- derd that Archer reckon’d not the Cloaca maxima of ‘Rome, among the medicated Springsof Jtaly. So much. | am CHRD 2ml of your Opinion in this thing, That this is (as you handfomly call thefe Places in your Differtation de Dia- bete) only Fons per accideus, C9 Sentina five Cloaca poti- us quam Fons medicatus appellauda. | New-caftle, April 29. 1698. The Second Letter. bo my laft I gave you an Account of a Water taken up . near Eglingham in Northumberland, which holds real Vitriol, which neverthelefs fhakes nothing that you have faid concerning the Pyrites, fince ‘tis no. Spring. but. a Current of Water that runs through a Cosl-Drift, and that fometimes with fo {mall and low.a Stream, that the Pyrites (which abounds in moft Coal-Pits,. but -particu- larly in thefe) has leave to-lye dry above Water and to germinate, till a wet Seaton brings downa more plenti- ful Run of Water, and wafhes all away along withit. I told you likewife that I fufpe&ted the Fons Vitriolaceus, near Haigh in Lancafhire, to be much what fuch another Water, and find 1 was not much 1niftaken, for having been there lately, and made very: particular Enquiry in- to the Matter I do afiure you, that itis only a Spring which rifes in.a Coal-Diift, (or Water- Level. made for the draining of the Cannel Coa-Pits). which is.ío mix'd with - | the Coal-Water, that it’s next to an Impoflbility to fepa- rate’em: So that it's no great Wonder if fuch a Water. fhould yield Vitriol, as. many. of eur: Coal-Waters do: though why fuch fort of Drains fhould-fot rather pafs for Common-thores. (as. you handfomly call 'em) than — Medicated Springs, I fee not; and think the Gentleman. who was Godfather to this, might withas-good Reafon : | E. Ryo ey Hi , at reckon 4 Yit (369). | reckon the Gloaca maxima of Rome, among the Medicated Waters of Zraly. . | That he has.a peculiar Way of multiplying medicated Springs, you'll believe, when I tell you that he reckons one Water among his Lancafhire Fontes Medicati, which neither is medicated, nor fo much as a Spring at all; but, as I remember, (for ’tis near Five Years fince I (aw |». it). a meer Day-Water, that has noother Spring nor Sup- ply, but immediately from the Clouds. The Water which [ mean is, his fons Su/pbureus near Wiggan, which (becauíe of its catching Fire at a lighted Candle) he calls by the Name of Pho/phorus Agua- &icus : (though after all, it is not the Water but a 77a- Kitus which breaks out at the Bottom of the Hole, after moft of the Water, or all the Water is thrown out, which | catches Fire.) But this is much fuch a Fons Sulphureus, | ashis Water near Bou/tos is a Fous Vitriolaceus, z. e. fine | Sulphure, asthe other is fine Pztriole. Only with this | - notable Difference, that the Ochre of tl:e Bou/ton Waters | will, after it has beenexposd fome time to the Air, yield (as the Ochre of all Atramentous Waters does) {ome little Vitriol; but this Water, whether exposd te Fire | or Air, will fooner yield Maggots than Brimftone. But now to let you fee that neither Boz/ten. nor Las- 1 cafbire are the only Places that produce Wonders, he 1 takes a ftep into Derby/bire,and difcovers more Wonders | there, than ever were thought to be. in the Peak | before; he finds a Rock there near Baxtor, which 3 yields Vitriol, where’ not one Grain of the Pyrites ‘is to be found. Any one that defign’d to write with ‘either the Exa&neís or Sincerity of a Philofopher, ‘would here have given us fome Defcription of this f Rock; but that it feems we muft not expect from this + Gentleman; he contents himfelf with bare calling it a Rock, and tells us its Parifh, and then he has done: I | 7 lii enquit'd : I ( 370 ) epquir'd diligenely after this Rock, when I was lately at Buxton, and was directed to a Place clofe by the Brook- — fide, within Three or Fourfcore Yards of the Houfe where the Bathis, where I found this Rock to.be an Out- burft of Allom-ftone, it falls in the Air from fome little Mixture of the Pyriies, and has in fome Places a Coppe- rofe Tafte pretty ftrong ; but that is no more than what I. have found, and you firft obferved, in the Allom-rocks at Whitby and. Gisburgh in fi orkfhire. I need not, I know, tell you, how confiderable a Quantity of Sulphur may be had from the Allom-Rock, nor how uncapable Sulphur. is of producing a Vitriol that will trike Black | with Galls, without Iron: at leaft, I know no Mettal that. will do it, unlefs perhaps Gold, (which has feveral Pro- perties. common with Iron ) and yer, I believe, the Doctor. -himfelf , would no more fufped this Rock of his to hold Gold than Diamonds; and if he allow Sul- phur and Iron to be mix'd with this: Aluminis Minera, it is but needlefs wrangling to deny the Prefence of the: Basen where he allows its Principles. | New-cafie, Offoher 14, 1698. (371 ) OWT. Excerpta ex literis D. Caffzni ad P. Fonte _,, nay, Mathematicum Kegium apud. Sinas. UZE circa tuam obfervationem Mercurii in Sole Cantone habitam. meditatus eram, videre potuifti — “sia Academiz Regie Commentariis, 5 Maii,r 695. «editis: Éjus non nifi imperfectum nactus fueram exemplar quod R. P. Gouye aliundé fuerat communicatum,quale ab ipfo-inter alias obfervationes anno 1692. editum eft, in quo perperam annotatus fuerat ingreflus Mercurii in So- le, qui minimé obfervatus fuerat ;.ut deinde ex correcto . exemplari quod poft triennium a P. le Comte qui tecum huic obfervationi: operam dederat allatum eft, certior fa- &&usfüum. — Me Neo, 1 -3Eo tamen ingreffu minime ufus fueram in re Geogra- phica quando differentiam longitudinum Cantonem inter G Parifioshorarüm 7 25' deduxi, ex exitu Mercurii ex Solis:difco Cantoni & Norimbergz obfervato, & ex 'Eclipfibus Lune’ obfervatis Norimberge G& Parifiis. Ttaque ftat adliuc quam inde deduxi meridianorum diffe- _ rentia.: Reformandi autem fuere calculi Aftronomici de- ducti ex hypothefi ingreflus Mercurii quod przeftiti-com- paratione diverfarum phafium quarum obfervatiories, in priori exemplari fuerant omiifle. ^ Inter quas (cleGtis iis quz magis invicem falvis Aftronomicis hypothefibus ab omnibus receptis congruere videbantur, ex iis inVicem | comparatis Mercuriuni medium viz ipfius in fole tenu- | Gffe reperi hora 1 26 minutis poft meridiem, totamque | ipfius moram in Sole fuifle -horarum 3 43' circiter. [3 diciccim nodum Mercurii afcendentem ex his ptiafibus | invicem comparatisinveni in gr. 14. j2' Tauri; qui ex . falsà ingreffus annotatione horà ferme integra verum poftponente in gr. 13 8' ejufdem figni proveniebat. | ; liu 2 200 £v ( 372) - /Evaneícit ipitue fufpicio retrogradationis nodorum . Mercurii oborta ex comparatione calculi falfze huic anno- tationi fuperftru&ti cum eo quem circa obfervationes D. Hallei, & D. Gallet anni 1677. habueram, unde no- dus hic in gr. 14 9' Tauri mihi provenerat. Quin po- tius motus nodi Mercurii in fignorum confequentiá ex hac comparatione deducitur, quamvis ob ingeatem diffi- cultatenr loca nodorum ad minutum derermimandr€x hac differentia tam brevi temporis intervallo, motus nodo- rum annuus haud tuto poffit determinari. Inclinationem orbitx Mercurii ad eclipticam ex his obfervationibus deduxi gr. 6 40' propius accedentem ad tabulas Rudolphinas. Nobis feliciter obtigit Mercurium in Sole confpicere in obfervatorio Regio Parifienfi die 3 Novembris N. S. .exeuntis anni 1697. fermé per tres horz quadrantes. Obfervatarum à nobis Phafium fele@iffimz in aimed dium redattz ejufmodi funt.. Hora 7 25' cum Sol é nubibus qux horizontem ob- (ederant emerfiflet,directo ad ipfam Telefcopio H. 7. 25' differentia afcenfionis recte centri Mercurii Occidentalis & centri Solis obfervata ipet liotolopai fuit horarum * OO; Il. dri! Differentia declinationis Mercirii Meridi hu onalis fuit gr. o -6 ao" Horáà 8. 3' differentia. afcenfionis redte centrorum Mercuri occidentalis & | Solis fuit horarum .. v0. 15% v Differentia declinationis graduum... o Hora 8..8' 38" margo praecedens Mercurii pervenit ad Solis marginem pracedentem Hora 8. 10’ 24": Mercurius- totus emerfit & «folis difco Tekieopio eee 18 obfervatus. Sone te CAM NN TE Mr En "TX PUER : E ta a+ us v pgs tity ee p os en ee) iara n a E Ad + Al | (35323 2 | _..Ex his obfervationibus invicem. comparatis quantum ex hoc brevi intervallo inferri potuit adventum Mercurii ' ad mediurn: ipfius femitze in folis diíco Trigonometricé deduxi hora 6. 11' x8". poft meridiem. | "^ Nodum vero afcendentem Mercurii in tj 14 42’. ad- huc promotiorem quam per obfervationes anni 1677. —.— Inclinationem autem, orbite |. Mercurii ad Eclipticam ex poftremarum ob‘ervationum comparatione inveni . gr. 6.23. quam nihilominus ob breve harum obfervatio- num intervallum preeferre.non aufim ei quam ex veftris Sinenfibus obíervationibus longe majori intervallo di- ftantibus deduxi.. .. | sardo E Quadratura Logarithmica. Autore Fo, Craig. ) Boa © ONE Curva Logarithmica, cajus Afymptotos E AR, in qua tale fumatur punctum A, ut ejus prima or- : dinata AO fit fubrangenti feu unitati zqualis : Quzritur fpa- . tium curvilineum AONM a duabus ordinatis AO, MN; ab- | fcísá AM, & Curva Logarithmicá ON comprehenfum. — | Ex O ducatur.OE ad AM parallela & fecans MN in E 3. Dico quód rectangulum ex fegmentis ME, EN fit aequale fpatioguxfito, — | ! Demonffratio.. ( 374) ^ "Demohnftratio. Vocetur Ordinata MN, Z; fubtangens AO feu ME, s: & ad axem AR conftruatur alia Curva HGB, cujus zquatio 2s2—x', ubi ejus ordinata GM—x ; dico quod fit quadratrix Logarithmicz juxta methodi mez fundamen- tum; fcil, ejus fubnormalis eft refpe@ive hujus Ordinat zqualis: utex calculoiitius methodi patebit: Ergo (juxta ali- bi à me expofita) fi ad G ducatur GC perpendicularis & equalis linee GM, nec non HD parallela ad GC, & lineis .GM, CM occurrens in B & D ; erit trapezium GBDC . zAONM. Sed GBDC = GMC — BMD—i»—; BMq |cSZ—iHAq; fed HA—Vv2AOq ex natura Curve HGQ, ergo GBDC = SZ — AOq = AO x MN — AOq <== AOx MN — AO-—ME x MN — ME= ME x EN; Ergo etiam AONM — MExEN. Q.E.D, Cum Methodum-meam meam ad huj i : carem ; inveni Errorem aliquomodo in Calculum Bernoulia- num irrepfiffe, dum figure cujus zquatio a* = y" Quadratu- ram affignat yn in pereximio fuo Tra&atu — De principiis Calculi Exponentialis; eft enim iflius figura, Area = LE ubi y abfciflam & z ordinatam defiguat. H C375.) VIIL An Account of a Gall- Bee, and the Death-- Watch. By Mr. Ben). Allen. The Gall-Bee. N thofe Galls which came to me by the Name of — | Aleppo-Galls, which the Tnfe&s had not eat their — Way out of, I found one fort of Bee, refembling the fmall fort of our wild Bees which Earth ; they have long. Wings, a deep Belly, and on the Back near the Comif- fure to the Body, it is of a greenifh black, the reft red-- ifh, near a Cinnamon Colour, the Belly thick and deep. Thefe Galls were very gummy, and the Cavity round. them was fo extreamly gummy, that-not the leaft room - or entrance of itappeared, though the Bee was beginning. | tomake its way out. Some of the Galls had a Stem to them, and may give fome Light to the reafon of Life, that the Atmofpherical Air is not neceffary to the Effence, . . before the Organs of the Body are employ’d; but that- that is maintain'd by a fubtiller Air, that pervades more minute Pores, as it is conveyed to Fifh through the. Water, Ge. Vide Figure 1. | But this is not the only Infect that I have found in: Galls, for the greyer fort, not fo rich in Gum: I have. 1 found a {mall Zcbzeumon of a bright Green, ( 376 ) An Accoant of the ScarabzusGaleattis Pulfator, or the Death-Watch ; taken Auguft. 1695. “by Mr. Benjamin Allen. | | He Second Animal I obíerv'd (Vid. Fig. 2, 3, 4.) §. isa Death-Watch ; 1 have taken fome before this, it is that which makes a Noife refembling exactly that ef a Watch ; it is faithfully the very fame, and liv'd Four Days with me, beating exactly, for [took two, | {up- - pole one was the Female, that is only Conjecture. I took one fome Years fince, which I then trac'd by the Noife, as I did this, and were both the fame; I fhew'd it to Mr. Ray while it was alive and did beat. This fmall Beetle, which makes a: Ticking or diftin® Beating, refembling the Noiíe of a Watch, being rarely heard, and not known, has obtain'd the Name of a Death-Watch, which yet I have known to be heard by . many, where no mortality follow'd ; and particularly : by my felf, who have taken Two of the fame, Seven Years fince, without aay Death following that Year. This Beetle I found in a Copper Body, it refembled dry Dirt in Colour. I found another, fome Years before, on a rotten Poft; and made the Noife like a Watch, by beating its Head on the Subje&t that it finds fit for Sound, ~ this found in Avge, 1695. had another aníwer'd it in the fame-Room, and after a Minute's diftin& Beating, would forbear for the other to anfwer; which the other fingle one would not ; though that wculd make fome. . Breaks now and then. The Part it beats with is, the exe — tream Edge of the Face, which I may call the Upper- ~ . Lip, the Mouth being prote&ted by this Bony Part, asd - lying underneath, out of view. | a Cur) ) | Jt was Two Lines and a half long (calling a Line the eighth part of an Inch) the Colour a dark brown, with Spots, fome lighter, irregularly plac’d, which would not .rubof readily. They feem'd to lye rather athwart the Back, and dire& on the Head; as in the {mall Figure, . which is much of the fame Size with it, and the Macule are defign’d for the greyifh Spots. Under theP/ag ize arethe pellucid Wings,and the Body is of a Pulious Colour.The Head appeat’d large, by reafon of a large Cap or Helmet which cover'd it round, only at the Ear turn’d up 2 [itele; from under this appeared theHead which was fist and thin; |. The Eyes forwards; the Lip hatdand fhinirg ; the Ears of the Helmet greyith. Two Antenne proceeded from , under the Eyes, which, by their meeting on the Breft, 1 conjectured toaffift their Feeding, and to be rather Pro- | -boíces; and the Helmet tó be turn'd up for Hearing- fake, and the Belly plicated as other Beetles. "The other Beetle that anfwered it was lefs, and the Marks on the Back not fo diftin&. | By the Microfcope I difcovered the Marks to be thick- fet-Spots of Hair, ofa Caftor Colour ; the Head all hairy, and Face thick of curl’d Hair.On theBelly was alittle but thin fet Hair. The Eyes appeared large, as inthe Figure, — | The Superficies confifting of many {mall Squares fur- rowed deep between, and thefe lay in Lines traniverfly defcending toward the Nofe : Thefe Eyes were not mo- | vable but contiguous to theFace without any Cavity to re- j| ceivethem ; and they were very cpake.The Antenne pro- | ceeded from under the Eyes; the firft large Joyot ha-- | ving a Cavity, out of which it proceeds at the fides of | the Lip. Between the Eyes the Face rifes in a little | Ridge, which is the Nofe, and is fignified by the light | part of the Face under this crooked Line —^— which | is made by the Shade of the Nofe that protuberates un- lderit, And juft below the Noftrils are cover'd by frait - "a | Kkk pendu- (378 ) pendulous Hair, proceeding from the lower Ridge of the Nofe: Under this Hair the Cavity is dark: Below the Nofe the Lip-fhades fhew the more depreft places: Un- der this Lip are vifible four Forcipes to lay hold on its Food, two of each fide, asin the Figure. See rhe Figures, the. largeft of which is drawn with the help of a Mitrofcope. m i IX: Aa extrad of a Letter from Dr. Robert .. $t. Clair, to Dr. Rob. Hook, F. R. S. giving au Account of a very odd Eruption of Fire . eut of a Spot in the Earth near Fierenzola in Italy, with an eafy Contrivance of a Lamp to be kept always full whilft it burns. Ju Ap ion , sy "Tq Aviog lately had an Obfervation communicated to » “4 me by my Brother, which he made when he tra- . velled through Zra/y laft, differing ftom any I have hi-. —] therto met within Natura! Hiftories, I prefumeyou may think it not unfit £o be communicated to the Publick, — and fo give it a Place in the next Philofophical Tranfatti- — ons. tis this: On a fide of.one of the Appeniue Moun- . tains half way betwixt Bologna and Florence; near a Place called Petra Mala, about Five Miles from Fierenzola, - there is a Spot of Ground about three or four Miles da- | meter, which inceflanely fends up a Flame rifiog very high, without Noife, Smoke or Smell ; yet it gives.a — o PN x " ». pa 1 i very great Heat, and it has been obferved to be thus ia d é ; ; Y H u db v -. ; . " . T ce all times, except of great Rains, which put it out fora | time; but when that is over it burns with greater Vi- gour and Heat than before: the Sand about it, when - | : turnd. - (379) 'turü'd-up, fendsiup’a Flame; but within three or four Yards of it there.grows Cornall round about; for it coa- tinues always in the fame Spor... This Flame feems to proceed from a Vein of Bitumen or Napbrba that cropes (as the Miners call it) only here ; which, when by plow- | | | | i | i ing, or fome other Accident, the upper Crufi has been turn'd up, was kisdled into a Flame by the Heat and Agitation of the Air, as other Salino-Sulphureous Bo- dies are, of which Efquire Boy/'s Phofphorus is a particu- lar Inftance, the like fpoataneous Accenfion is {ten in many mineral Subftances, but none that I know. of, fo quick in its production or lafting, as this is, the whole |, Woods and Fields have been ceftroyed by them. The Neighbours there have been fo little curious to obferve it, that they believed that there was a great Hole in the Flame-place ; but he found it to be firm Ground. © Nei- ther does any: there remember when, and upon what Occafion it firít began. The flaming Well near Wigan feems to proceed from a Caufe much like this, in which you may boyl an Egg, and upon the approaching of a lighted Candle it takes Fire, both (cem to proceed from a Naphtha or fubtle Bitumen, only that in a hotter Country, and being in a dryer Soyl, is more Subtle and inflammable ; juft as the Petroleum which is found in - Ztaly is a white-like Spirit of Turpentine ; and is more penetrating than the Petroleaum:which is to be found in the Northern Countries ; an Inftance of which we have. ip a Well two Miles diftant from Edinburgh, called the Baulme-Well, of a black red colour, and very thick, but being diftill'd, does in Colour, Tafte and Smell, refermpre that of Jtaly. What Lonicerus íays of the Naphtha is not improper for this Place, viz. that ’tis of two forts, Cas- dida &9 Nigra, Candida prefertur ; geueratur ex ditumine feipfo zw terra 8. montibus accenfo, tenuzfimis ejus va- poribus furfum elatis, C ad frigidora faxa in tenuem Ii- | | Kkk. 2, quoreem Waa ( 380 ) quorem refolutis, que. per fuos meatus ¢ montibus fontium inflar fcaturit, ac inde oleum petra diclum eft, qued videlicet ex petris profluat. ‘This fpontaneous Accenfion of the. Naphtha {eems to be made out by the Smell that our Bitumen neat Edenburgh yields, being moft like Coal-Smoak. There are three fuch Fires on the fame Hills that are extinguifht in the Summer, but burn in the Winter. The Reafon of which I judge to be, that the Bowels of the Earth being cooler in Summer than in Winter, do not fend forth that Quantity of thofe fub- tile Exhalations as may be fufficient to maintain a Flame in Summer ; but in Winter, the Bowels of the Earth be- ing hotter (which is made evident by the fmoaking of Springs in Winter, and not in Summer, and the Experi- ence of Miners) greater Plenty of Steams are fent forth, which in the Air are agitated into a Flame, the brisk of the Parts one againft another, being promoted by the fubtilty and brisk Motion of the Aerial Particles, gue mutuas dant operas. | 4n eafy Contrivance of a Lamp to be kept always fall whilft it burns. it i Na aoc Ae 4 Y writing of this Accerifion of combuftible Mat- "A ter by the Air, puts me in mind of your Obfer- vation about the Action of Flame, uponthe Wyck-ofa | Lamp or Candle, which it never waftes till the Wyckbe — €xposd to the Air by the Flames falling downwards, from which you infer, that a way found out to keep the Fuel, and coníequently the Flame atthe fame height ES upon the Wyck, would make it ferve a long time ; for which efc&ting, you. bave.a great many pretty Contti- — vances. I have, a good while ago, thought the fame — Es , might —— (ur 4 ; | | 1 | | | | ((38t.) | might be effe&ted by Hydroftaticks; which when I firft communicated, was approved of ; and I am thereby in. . duced to think it will not be unacceptable to the Publick. It is this; Let a Lamp be made Two ; or Three Inches deep, with a Pipe coming from the | bottom, almoft as high as the top of the Veffel, be fill'd firft with Water, fo high as to cover the Hole of the Pipe at the bottom, to the end the Oyl may not get. ' in at the Pipe (and fo be loft): then let the Oylbe pour'd in fo as to fill the Veffel almoft brim full, which muft have a Cover pierct with as many Holes as are defign'd to be Wycks. When the Veffel is thus fill'd, and the. Wycks are lighted, if Water fall in by Drops at the Pipe, , it will keep the Oyl always at the fame height, or very. . near, (the Weight of Water to that of Oyl being, accor- . ding to Kircher’s Table, as 20,2 to 19, which in two:or - three Inches will make no confiderable difference.) If the: Water runs fafter than the Oy! waftes, it will only run : over at the Top of the Pipe, what does not run over, | . will come under the Oyl,and keep it to the fame height. | a: 76° ANE "X, A Copy of a Letter from BR. P. Vicar of Kil- — dwick in Yorkthire, to 4 Friend of bis in thofe Parts, wherein be gives am Account of an — Extraordinary Eruption of Water, which bap- pened in June, 1686. Worthy Sir, L Y Have now drawn a full, though . fhort, Account - K& of the great Lofs fuftained by the Inhabitants of Aer- tlemell and Starbotton, in Craven; in the County. of Tork; by afudden overflow of Water. The Towns are fituate under a great Hill on the Eaft and Weft; the Country is very mountainous aud Rocky. The Defcent of the Rain was after a Thunder-Clap, for the Continu- - ance of about an Hour and,half, with extraordinary Violence, and by feveral Eye-witnefies, the Rock on the Eaft fide opened vifibly, and Water they beheld ‘thence into the Air, the height of an ordinary Church- Steeple; fo that the Current of Water came down the Hill into the refpe&tive Towns, as in one entire Body, .and with a Breaft as i£ it would have drowned the whole Towns. SeveralHoufes were quite demolifhed, and not a Stone left; others gravel’d to the Chamber-Windows; - 1 j ome Inhabitants driven, until this Day, from their Ha- — : bitations, the Current of the Water running through their Houfes; mighty Rocks defcended from the Moun- tains into the Valley, and there lie immovable; many fair Meadows cover'd with Sand and Stones, that the Worth of the Soil will not regain the fame.- Houfhold- a | goods taken away into the great River of Wharfe, and — | j fo - i | a Cp E I fo loft; befides many quick Goods. The lofs reputed to: be many Thoufand Pounds. Many Families quite - ruined; others in part only. Such an Inftance hath not been heard of within Memory, confidering all Circum- {tances. Much more might be faid ; but, in fhort, this . may fatisfy as an pee Ele Account of what you re- quefted from, / TOUR FRIEND, "n R. Pp... Since the t Flood Hat I have (etui, therehave : been Two others, though not fo great and dan- - gerous: For the Towns have either of them a : great Beck (as we call it) or Current of Water - runing Vaso them, which by the firft Flood - .. weregravel'd up; fo that the. Paflage is much : - .* altered, and cannot be regained; though there « have been many. Hundreds of Men fet to do it,,, — and Hundreds of a Day, - XI. § Ome.” ( 384 ) XI. Some Experiments about F reezing. By: Mr. Defmafters. Communicated by Dr. Wil- liam Mulgrave, Fell. Coll. Pbyf. and R. S. . Tube of $ of an Inch Diameter being fill'd with Water to the height of two Inches, and fet to freeze in a Mixture of Snow and Salt, che Water, when per- fe&tly frozen, appear'd of an Inch, above the Mark it ftood at before freezing. | . Another Tube, óf almoft an Inch Diameter, being fill'd with Water to the height of Six Inches, and fet to ireeze, as before, rofe 7 of an Inch above the Mark. It was obfervable, that when the Water thus fet in. ‘Snow and Salt began to freeze, a great many {mall Bub- — bles continually rofe from the Bottom. XII. A Catalogue of Elecirical Bodies. By tbe date Dr. Rob. Plot, F. R.S. | N9 folum Succinum & Gagates allectant corpuf® — | i cula, fed & Adamas, Saphirus, Carbunculus, [ris — gemma, Opalus, Amethiftus, Pfeudo-adamas Briftoli- — enfis, Berillus & Chriftallus: Item Hyacinthus, Grana- tus Bohemicus, Vitrum & ex vitro five Chryftallogem- — mz adulteratze, vitrum Antimonii & Saturni, omnes flu- ores ex fodinis, Belemnites, Sulphur, Maftix, Cera fi- — gillaris ex lacca, Refina durior, Arfenicum fed imbecil- — | ius, & Czlo ficco Sal gemmzx, Lapis Specularis, & Alumen rupeum. ee EN Xu. | (385 ) KUL Aa Account of a Book. \ — Hifloire des Plantes qui naiffent aux environs de Paris avec leur ufage dans la medetine par M. Pitton Tourne- — fort de P Academie royale des Sciences, Dolleur en Me- "^ decime de la faculte de Paris © profeffeur eu boranigue au jardin royal des Plantes. A Paris de l'Imprimerie ~ Royale 1698. 8vo. : | 771 HE Author of this Book 1$ very well known to the : . Learned already by his Works formerly publifh- ed; m this Book he gives an Account of the Plants grow- ing wild about Paris. The Preface relates the Succels of feveral Experiments he made to difcover the Salts con- , . tained in the Earth, wherein Plants grow, many of thefe ‘were done with great Labour and Nicety. He likewife | gives his Opinion of the feveral Ways of the Operation | of Medicaments on humane Bodies, and of his Opinion |. of the Caufes of the fame. : | . The Book it (elf is divided into Six Herborifations, each of which contains the Plants he met with in the | Couríe of the Walk he prefcribed to himfelf. To the » Names he gives each Plant from the beft and moft com- mon Authors, he adds a critical Account of the extant Defcriptions and Figures of each, vzz: Where it is ill, and where well defzribed and figured. He givesfarther, very often, an Account ofthe Chymical Analyfis of it, which | he generally extracts from the Regifters of the Academie Royale, Healfo gives an Account of the Vertues afcribed . 3 toeach Plant, from the moft approved Authors, or from | Information he received from the Inhabitants. of feveral | Countries he liv’d in, or travel'd through. There are fo ' many new and obfervable things of ufe in this Book, the .$- Curious, for full Satisfaction, muft have recourfe to it ? themfelves. L11 XIV. 4n 9 ( 386 ) XIV. Am Account of Books newly Printed beyond Sea, ; Iffertatio Epiftolaris altera triceps, circa Mercurii motiones in Barometro, in qua Clarifl. Virorum, D. Rudolphi Jacobi Camerarii, P. D. Cajetani Fontanz, & D. G. C. Schelhammeri Quzfita, Objecta, Cogitata, explentur, diluuntur, expenduntur à Francifco Torto M. P. Ad Virum Ornatiffimum & Amiciífimum D. Ber- nardinum Ramazzinum, Pub. Med. Prof. & inter Acad. . Nat. Curiof? Hipp. III. Mutinz, typis Bartolomzi Soli- ani, MDCXCVIII, in 4. Francifci Ariofti, de oleo Montis Zibinii, feu Petroleo agri Mutinenfis libellus, ¢ MStis membranis editus ab Oligero Jacobxo, Hafniz, 1690. Nunc autem ad fidem Codicis MS. ex Bibliotheca Eftenfi recognitus, & recufus, adjecta ejufdem argumenti Epiftola Bernardini Ramazzi- ni, Profefi. Mutinenfis. Mutin, MDCXCVIII, in 12. . Specimen Mechanicum de Febribus, confcriptum ne- ceffitati Equitum ruri degentium fine medico, quorum gratia fimplicia medicamenta proponuntur. Accedit pro Medicis Junioribus, juxta leges Mechanicas, idea Theoretico-practica de iis, que vel critice, vel fym- ptomatice eveniunt in febribus, roborantur cafibus in epidemiis ab Hippocrate defcriptis, Auctore Jo. Bapti- fta Scaramucci, Primo Medico Urbini. ZZec opus adbuc feb praelo eft. . iua .. Joh. Chriftiani Itteri de Honoribus five Gradibus Aca- demicis liber. Francof. ad Moenum apud Frid. Knochium, — 1698. 4. Mich. Bernardi Valentini Medicina Nov-Antiqua. - Francof. ad Moenum, apud. Jo.Dav.Zunnerum, 1698.4. Pharmacopée Univerfelle, contenant toutes les compofi- tions Y a 3 E of - ] r SEA TCR Y 3 ECCE S y NR Eu ó & aa TA T Bats Ty e ae de ME 23 L 3 Se SR CET T BREE Beis eria? CE ( 3 8 7 y car 3 we - tions de Pharmacie, leurs vercus, leurs dofes, &c. Par Nic. Lemery. A Paris, chez Laurent d' Houry, 1509. 2: Le Threfor de la Medecine, contenant l'Anatomie des parties du Corps humain, les maladies aufquelles elles - font fujetes, les remedes (pecifiques, &c. A Paris chez. | Barth. Girin. 1697. 12. | Traité de Phyfique & de Chirurgie, par Jean Zontra- ills. A Paris chez la Veuve de Claude Thibouft, 1697. 12. Les Oeuvres d' Hipocrate traduites en Francois avec — des remarques, & conferées fur les Manufcrits de la Bib- liotheque du Roy. A Paris, par la Compagnie des Mar- | chands, 1697. a " Rofini Lentulii Mifcellanea Medico-PraGtica tripartita. Ulmz apud G. W. Kuhun, 1698. 4. | . Petri Poterit Opera omnia Practica & Chymica, cum. . Additamentis Friderici Hofmanni. Francof. ad Moenum, — . apud Frid. Knochium, 1668. 4. | . Caroli Mufitani Chirurgia Theocretico- Practica, feu. — Trutina Chirurgico-Phyfica. Colonize Allobrogum apud. - Cramerum & Perachon, 1698. 4. > |. Philofophiz Ecle&icz, h. e. exercitationum Academi-- carum Tomus Il. Auctore Jo. Chriftoph. Sturmio. Al-. torfii apud Jo. Wilhelmum Kohlefium, 1698. 8. | Jo. Jac. Francifci Bafis univería Mcdicinz. Conftan- tix ayud F. X. Straub, 1698. 8. Joannis Clerici Opera Philofophica in quatuor volumi- na digefta. Amftelod. apud Georg. Gallet, 1698. 8. Dernieres Decouvertes dans l'Amarique Septentrionale | de Monfier de la fale, mifes au jour par Mr. le Chevalier |. Tonti. A Paris chez Jean Guignard, 1697. 12. |... Del'Artt de la Verriere, &c. La maniere de faire les . | Perles, &c. par Mr. Haudicquer de Blanceurt. A Paris | chez J. Jombert, 1697. 12. De. ( 388 ) "De Nederlandíche Herbarius, ofte Kruidboek der ‘voornaamfte Kruiden, &c. met kopere platen verciert — door Steph. Blankaart. T’ Amfterdam by Jan. Ten Hoorn, 1698. | XV. 4n Account. of Books now Printing be- yond Sea. | R.Volcamer is Printing a Catalogue of the Plants about Nurenberg ; with the Exoticks of his Garden, with Figures. .Dr.Baglivi, at Rome, is Printing a Book De Fibra Motrice, de Lympha © Pinguedine Morbisg; ab tis dependentibus. Sev’. Bulifon is Printing the Lives of the famous Men of the Kingdom of Nap/es, with their Eíhgies. | Abbate Marufcedi, as alfo a French Bookfeller, at Rome, are about writing an univerfal Catalogue of Books, Secundum Materias ; the firft, as he fays, has already done above 140,000 Volumes. Monfig Strozzi - Is writing the Lives of the Popes; illuftrated by their Medals. Signior Absate Nazarz is about re-printing the Gioruale de Letterati. Father P/umier will publifh a Book called, Filicetum Americanum. Monfieur Du Hamel, Author of the PLzic- Sophical Syfteme, has almoft ended his Hiftory of the Academie Royale of Sciences at Paris. LO N DON: Printed for Sam Smith, and Benj.Walford, Printers to the Royal Society, at the Prince’s Arms in St. Pass Church-Yard. 1698. t pieces 2 S ] Y = ~ ‘ C c - - X 1 D > " = ; ) - A. EAE ) * * REM ni) { ^9 =~ YE ioc ) > 7 * ? : a » / "n zi D , 1 feed 4 D iN ie t = fz ? A ^ " yi Y / L AT x --— ’ s - x - A > " - « ; ' ) 1 > 4 z UN : * / ~ , : | \ 7 a | } * aa eA! ^ 1 3 1 xs l x 1 7 ^ E > E * x , yv s RS at. x . * *s * 2 3 f = : E [| n f «aa 1 D i ' 1 Y E 7 ) 1 e E l N ^ E » : T - À : , E * . [4 Hd (4 Le * = * í == n . ^ 7 D Li i € . » D D | 1 1 MT ; 4 pe , i : 35 * ? LU * EN | ^ à © ^ : 0 a i . UP 2 «s " » " " a nid desinat aid Philor: Transad Me. 246 (389) — "Numb.245. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. For the Month of November, 1698. Th CONTENTS. X. 4n Account of a China Cabinet, filled with | feveral Inftruments, Fruits, &c. ufed in | China ; fent to the Royal Society by Mr. Buck. - ly, chief Surgeon at Fort St. George. By Hans Sloane, M. D. WM. Remarks by Mr. James Petiver, Apothecary, end Fellow of the Royal Society , om fome Animals, | Plants, &c. feat to bive.from Maryland, by | . tbe Reverend Mr. Hugh Jones. — IIl. Captain | — Langford'sObferoations of bis own Experience — | pon Haricanes, and their Prognoftichs. Com- | municated by Mr. Bonavert. IV. Concerning the Magnetif{m of Drills; by Mr. Ballard. | Communicated by Dr, William Mulgrave, F el- | Jom of the Colledge of Pbyficians and R. S; | V. Part of a Letter from the Keverend Mr. George Lewis, at Fort St. George; to the t erant Dr. Arthur Charlett, and the | Mmm late ( 390 ) | late Dr. Edward Bernard , concerning fome Indian Manufcripts, lately fent to tbe Univer- - fity of Oxford. VL 4n Account of what bap- pened to a Child on {wallowing Two Copper Farthings. Communicated by Dr. Edward Bay- nard, Fellow of thé Cellege of Phyfitians. ~ VII. Curve Celerrimi Defcenfus inveftigatio Analytica excerpta ex literis R. Sault, Math. D9.-..——. VHL A Catalogue of Bob: — lately printed in Italy. ooo VII. An i cm of a China Cabinet, filled with feveral Inftruments, Fruits, &c. ufed — in China: fent to the Royal Society by - Mr. Buckly, chief Surgeon at Fort St.George. By Hans Sloane, M. D. Ru R. Buckly, chief Surgeon at Fort St. George inthe | VÀ Eaf-Isdies, having lately prefented the Royal ~ | Society with a €4iva Cabinet, full of the Inftruments and. - Simples ufed by their Surgeons, &c. amongft which, feve- . ral are new and of different Shapes from the fame ufedin.— Europe, they have commanded me fome Account fhould — be given of them. fome Sorts of Knives, and do not fold-in; or r EDO The Rafors were of Two Sorts, either füch as are re- E prefented to the natural Bignefs, Fg. 1. and refemble - Fig. 2. ae E i - rt Za | ( 391) — Fig.2, and 3. which reprefent another fort of Ra- fors, which are longer, and fold in after the manner ex- preffed in the Figures.. They were daubed over with a. . Subftance refembling Déachy/um Plaifter, to keep them from Ruft, which it had se UAM done, through dif- ferent Climates. . Fig. 4. and 5. reprefent an Incifion Knife ufed in - China, the whole being of Brafs, excepting towards their Point. aa, which is of Steel. - "The moft unufaal Inftraments that came over in this Cabinet were, thofe contrived for the taking any Sub- -ftance out of the Ears, or for the fcratching or tick- | ling them, which the Chinefe do account one of the greateft Pleafures. Fig. 6. Does reprefent one of thefe Inftruments which is a {mall Pearl, fuch as is ufed in Necklaces, through the Bore of which is put and faften'd a Hog’s Briftle, the other End of the Briftle being faft in a Tortoife- Shell Handle. —— Fig. 7. Reprefents an other Inftrument for the Ears, made of {mall Silver Wire twifted, fet into a Tortofe- Shell-Handle, the Wire being made i into a round Loop at the End. . Fig. 8. Shows an Ear Inftrument made of a piece of. large Silver Wire, flatted at end, and fet ina piece of Tortoife-Shell. - Fig. 9. Is an Ear Inftrument made likewife of Silver- "Wire, fet in a Tortoife-Shell-Handle,the End of the Wire being made fharp, and fhap'd likean Hook. _ Fig. to. Reprefents an Ear Inftrument, very much. refembling our common European Ear- pickers, being of | Socii fet in MESS Fig. 11. .* of feveral Hogs Briftles, fet asin a common Pencil, Guo : | "Pig. 11. Shews the Figure of an Ear Ia(trument made Fiz. i», Reprefents Inftraments made of very fine . Downy Feathers tyed together likea Pencil, or-Brufh on. the end of a Tortoife-Shell-Haadle. Li-ion Fig. x3. Shows an Inftrument exa&tly like that figured Fig. 8. only the flit end has a flit through it, =. Fig. 14. ls a -Chinefe Figure, wherein is reprefented one of that Nation, ufing one of thefefaftruments, and expreffing great Satisfaction therein. This I had of William Cbarleten, Efq; who favoured the Royal Society with a Sight of it at one of their Meetings. - - Whatever Pleafure the Chinefe may take in thus pick- ing their Ears, 1 am certain moft People in the parts __ who have their hearing impaired and have advifedwith -. me for their Help, I have found have had fuch Misfor- — tunes firft come to them by picking their Ears too much, and thereby bringing Humours, orulcerous Difpofitions —— in them. E en) P ( 393 ) IH. Remarks by Mr. James Petiver, Apotheca- ty, end Fellow of the Royal Society, o fome Animals, Plants, &c. feat to hiw from Maryland, by tbe Rewerend Mr. Hugh Jones. SECT? Cruftaceous Animals. W^ EfRudo terrefirzs Americana, dorfo elato. 2 * I do not find this certainly defcribed by any - ~ Author. [ts She/lan Inch and a quarter long, and one broad, the Scales about the Edges are Quadrangular, thofe above Pentangalar; he is guarded along the Back with a round Ridge; his Head about the Bignefs of our Fiorfe-bean ; the Ordits of the Eyes very large; his Seowt not very unlike a Parrot’s Bill, his upper Jaw including the under ; each Foot has four fharp Claws like a: Mow/e. His Belly is made up of feveral thin Scales; -whofe middle Pair are Jong and guadrangular, that next the Head and Tail zriesgslar, the reft Prregnlar ; ; his Tail taper, and about halt an Inch long...) His whole Body exceeds not the balf of à large Wal- . nut. | The Molucca Crab. -— : = Mus Regal. Soc. 120. : In Virginia and feveral parts of the Continent of Synonyms, America, they call it, | Nnn The C 394 ) The King Crab. X | Muf. Tradefc. 8: e Fut A King Crab of the Molucos Ifland. ZZsZerz' s. Nat. Laet.Latin, Rarities, p. 21. ~Gallic-6o Cancer Bent. Hift. Nat. p. 83. Fig. Mala & Defcript. 4. Wl" Cancer Moluccanus Cluf, Exot. 128. Fig. opt. Dorfr. e ce . LI Am. Tra: Ge Pemtris cum. Defcriptione accuratà. Muf. Worm. 249. CIC. Oo / D L7: Fig. 1, & 2. fine defcript. Maf. Regal. Societ. 120. Jon. &, — Signoc feu. Siquenoc Jucolis Novz Franciz, Aragnex kxs. ^t de Mer. nob. Laet. Ind. Occid. 60. Fig. D. & V. opt. & MupReg. Defc.Gal id. Lat. ee Soc. 120, “The whole Structure of this Animal is very remarka- ble, and particalarly his Eyes are wonderfully contrived ;. viz, Between the fourth and laft Pair of Claws on each. Side, reckoning. from his Mouth (and excluding the fmall. Pair: there plac’d:) are inferted, as it were, the Rudiments of another Pair ot a Claw broken off: on each. fide at theíecond. Joyntor Elbow ; Onithele Extremities, are tlie Eyes placed (like thofe on the Horns of yas) but being under the Covert of a very»thick and Opake Shell; Nózure in that Place has wonderfully.contrived a. $ Tranfparent Lanthorz,. through which the Light ts con-. veyéd, whofe Superficies very exactly retembles the great. . Eyes of our large Libelle, or Adderbolts, which to the . naked Sight are plainly perceived to be compofed of in- — — numerable Globulz; -yhefe, like them, are oblong, and. gnarded.with a. Zeffaceous Supercilium... Pt sucr 3E se ws WES A. SEC T I ‘We proceed next to the Ze/Aaceeius Animas. — Viz, | | SWEET S$. 1j Land-fhells K NOchlea zerreffris major Eriata, ore compre[fo. : Cochlea Virginiava Lift. Hit. Conchyl Lib. x. Fig. 45. Cochlea zerreffris Virginiana media umbilicata, flria- — 4. ta, ore unidente compre[Jo. Cochlea umbilicata, capilla- ceis firiis per obliquum donata, unico dente ad fundum ori, Vig. y, c. Lift: Ait. Conch. L. 1. Fig. 91. sm L. Fig. 9x. Cochlea zer. Virginiana infigniter firiata, umbilico 5 magno. | a Cochlea umbilicata, fufca, five variegata, capillaribus uin. H. c. Jürlis leviter exafperata Lift. E7.C. L. 1. Fig. 69. Prem, Cochlea zer. Virginiana mzwor, firtata © umbilicata, ¢ ere tridentino. Cochlea parva umbilicata, temuiter firiata, trideus, fcil. in triangulo pofiti, nempe unus ad fundum oris, alter 1:4. 7. c. ad columellam, tertius ad labrum Lift. A. C. L. x. L1 F. o2. - Fig. 92. | : SECT Hr. Next to thefe we place Lhe Crullaceous Infetis : Being fuch whofe Membranaceous Wings are wholly, or in part, covered with a hard or Crufty Sheath. CCarabeus Marianus viridis Rhinocerotos. 7. An Naftcornis Virginianus Muf. Trad. 15 2 Mis. Trad. SE ai Nnn 2 Sca- 15: 8. 9. IO. Mul. Trad. 16. XI. -~ 12. 13. AMof. 112, fiz,id. Angl. 978. fig. Log t ni i M s a | 396 ) Scarabeus Marianus viridis acerotos. Thefe two, I believe, are Male and Female. Scarabeus Marianus minor fulvus, maculis nigricantie bus affer fis. | Scarabeus Literal minor Marianus canoft coloris. An Scarabeus inftar” Bufonis Virginianus , Muf. Trad. 16. Scarabzus fframineus minor Marianus, maculis ater- rimis diverfimodé notatus. ‘4 Scarabzeus oblongus niger Virginian vaginis fuleatis der[o plano nitente. This my kind Friend, Mr. james a gave me, who received it from Virginia. : Scarabzus elafficus major Americanus dit bimaculato. an Cocujas Mof. 111. Fig. id. Angl. 9772... The firft. of thefe T received from my worthy Friend, Mr. Charlton. This .is. commonly about an: Inch ard half Jong, of . which the Head takes up a third part, which is fear-as — _ nefs much refembling the blackeft and fineft Velvet, be- broad as long ; the Sides are grey or frofty 5. the Mid- dle black: what in this part is moft remarkable, are, two very black oval Spots, in Texture, Colour and Soft- ing encompafs'd. with a whitifh Circle. _ Thefe orbicular Spots,to moft People, at firft view feem . to be their Byes,though they are ten times lefs,and plac‘d: at the fetting on of the Horus, which are about half an. Inch long, compofed of ezght apr: or Teeth, notcht on: the under fide only. : The Vagine or Wing-fheaths are long, black, fulcated. j and plentitully {prinkied with white Specks, the under Part and Belly is frofted on the Sides. ns in the Middle 4 of a: Meis black..- « * Lx * LI Es ! n Tie: = if a » E i i P. v" - € 307 3 The Strudlure of this Infect is the fame with a pecu- liar Species I have feen in England, and call Suap- Beetles, from their elaftick or fpringing Faculty, by which (with- out being fore-warn'd) they will eafily force themielves out of your Fingers: I have alfo frequently obferved, that if you lay.them on their Backs (they not being able to turn on their Bellies) will {pring or raife themíelves to a wonderful Height, and that for feveral times, until they fall on their Legs. Scarabzus elafficus medius Marianus birfutus. Ij- - - Scarabzus elaflacoides Marianus, vaginis ex nigro au- 15+ ragtzoque mixtus. | "S Cycindela Mariana, The Fire-Fly, wagiwis teneris 16-. fufcis marginibus fulvis. * Cantharis Anglica viridis, maculis aureis. infig- 17. Hl. € | - "Cantheris 4 Mof. 145. Fig. id. Angl 1003. Fig. Mof 145: Jonft. Infect. Tab. 15. DE 4 Lift. Hitt. Anim. Angl non app. Tab. 3. Scarab. Fig. 6 i T5 Fig. 4.- lift. A. A.. A. ab. Tab. 3. Star. Fig. 6. Cantharis Mariana viridis. lituris margivalibus aureis 18. infigniter notata. The Spots in this are Jarger and fier markt than the Taft. : | Cantbaris Mariana fufca, TOP marginalibus palli- 19. dis incurvatis. — ; Capricornulus nigrefcens Marianus, uadis (9 circulis 20, flavefcentibus ftriatus. S E CT. DIE Iu “SEC T s We come now tothe Plants. and therein, fdtlowiog the il Method of the Learned Mr. Ray in his Hiflory, &c. and Dr. Sloane his Catalogue of Jamaica Plants, we fhall begin with the Jefs perfect ones: Viz. « M*& Éilichüs Marianus repens pinnis brevioribus. This differs from our common Fern Mo/s in ha- ving fhorter Wings fet oppofite from the middle Rib, Which creeps along the Ground, and is not branched. a fee ^ A. Branched Coralline Mofs. Muff. Pet. 76. 36. ~~ ‘This grows with us very plentifully on moft Heaths. Via Trichomanes major Marianus Jongifolius, Re HPL — AnZricbomanes major nu longs auriculatis Raii H. met H. PL 3928. PE Cornutus his Canaila Maiden-hair. | CEiss — Adianthum Americanum Cornuti 7. p/4 Virginianum " ge age Tradefcanti Park. 1050. Fruticofum Americanum Ejuíd. 3 Cornuts 7. 1050Fig. frut. Braflianum CB. 355. & Prodr.150. defei 4 Fartoso frat, Amer. fammis ramulis reflexis & in orbem expanfis 7) t Pluk. Tab. 124. fig. 2. &. 7 ilix Mariana pinnulis Jeminiferis anguft if mis. 6. | Ophiegloffum Marianum lingua dentati. E NE A. "Grame» Paniceum maximum, {pica divisá, | F MCA Boo: arillis armatum, Cat. Pl. Jam. 30. | a hy Panicum Sylveflre cum ariftis CB. Phyt. 20. N° 93. E A I have added this. Synonym becaufe omitted E ? — Dr Sloane, to whom J refer you for the reft. 3 (399 ) Small Englifh Hairy Grats. or A. Gramen exile hirfutum Ger. 16. fig. zd. emac. 1 7. 6er. 16. fig. Funcus villofus capitulis Pfyllit Hitt. des Plantes des y pr pari environ de Paris 105. Rai H. Pl. 11291. Sys. 193 ed. 105. ao x63. : Gramen Cyperoides minus {pica parvd. P ; AA... Millet Cyperus Grats. » J IO. Cyperus gramineus Miliaceus Ger. emac. 30. fig, | Gonem.go.. iei Ee Pl ai7i. SPA 200. adds aria E. st. Ray H. PL. IT Sym. 260.' Cd. 2, 2716. Cyperus gramineus panicula fparsd fubfiavefcente. vx. Alms: Bot. Gramen Cyperoides minus panicula fparsá fub. Alm. Bot. flavefcente CB. 6. & Gr. Cyp. minimum panicula fubfiava d m oe Ejuíd. Phyt. 14. Gr. Cyp. pan. {parsi fubflavefcente Park. park.1268. 1268 Gr. pulchrum parvum panicula lata comprefsá 1B. AE ; "dm L. 18. p. 470. Fig. & Chabr.184. Rati HT. Pl. 1301. Ro) Ke Pi... This is found in moft watry Places in Germany, Italy, 301- and Provence. |. Gramen tomentofam Virginianum pasiculd magiscom-. 12. pata, aureo colere perfusa. Pluk. Tab. 29. 9. Fig. 4. PhcTags. ^ Ucozzum(O. dici d di Alm. Bot. 179. | | done. e "The leaft Englift Ruth, Be ee |. Juncellus Lolelii Park. 1192. fai? H. Pl. 1 394 S ya. Par. 1192) I. 202 ed. 2. 274. - Secrets à |^ It Flourifbes with us in Fune and Fuly in moift, fandy - mee 204... and boggy Places... ee 2274 | Parzetaria foliis ex adwer [o nafcentibus Wrtice ra- 1 4 IP cemifera floré Cat. Pl. Jam. 50.. Ce | This Dr. Sloane. obférved to grow plentifully on the Fan, $o.. | moift and fhady Rocks in Famaica. n. After Americanus albus latifolius, caule ad fummum - 4 5 brachiato Pluk. Zab. 79. Fig. x. & Alm. Bot. 565. Pluk, 79. |. Dr. P/u£uer's Figure very well refembles this Plant, the Fic Ut I Leaves are fomewhat hairy, and on the back fide. wk T | u (499) full of Veins ; they ate near three Inches and half /osg, and fomewhat more than an Inch broad; ate fharp ac - each end and Stalklefs : The Flowers are white, ftanding. . on long Footftalks, and branch towards the top.’ | This I have obferved for fome Years growing in our | P byfick-Gar den at Chelfey. ^ ^X6. ^ fer Marianus, foliis cete floribus parvis um- belliferis. 17. After Americanus albus, Mezerei Arabum exafpera- tis foliis, florum petalis reflexis. Pluk. Zab. 79. Fig. 2 Abe Bot. 56. Thefe Flowers are very fmall, and ftand many toge- | ther, like an Eupatorium ; che {caly Tips are green, the Petala long, white, narrow, and feldom more than five Qorfixina Flower. ^ 2$. Chryfautbemum Americanum laciniato folio "majus . H. Blef: 25 1. ape A Beto Doronicum Americanum Hort. Oxon. H. Patav: & &. | Hort. Pat. Bat. H. Gron, & Zradefc. Park. 321. & 2. Fig. Amer. 9. G Gron. “Jaciniato folio CB. app. 516. Defer. “Amer. ^ re 6 rdc H.Haín. Ray H. Pi. 339- Chasis anes Pl. 339- “Ags. — ^ Varga aurea Americana 7: arragonis facie & fapore, Pluk 116. paniculà ipecioviflima Pluk. Tab. 116. fig. 6. & Alm. e "Bot. Bot. | | 20. .. Eupatorium Marianum foliis Meliffe rigidion ibus - “pik 58. ^ TAR Eupatoria Valerianoides flore niveo, Teucri folii fes eda cum pediculis Americana Pluk. Tab. 58. Fig. 3. & Alm | Bot. 141. " ar. Fuhatrisle’ Marianum Meliffe folis tenioribus, Tm d Pluk, 87. Bus purpura[centibus filamentofis. | $4.3 bue ™ An Eupatorium Americanum Meliffe felisi magis ache || minatis Pluk. Zab. 87. Fig. 3. & Alm. Bot. 140. . Baccharis * C39: ) | Baccharis Marianus flore pulclré ra£ente. 22. Flos folis Marianus felis pyramidalibus fabris ^ 23. adverfo fefilebus. | Flos folis Marianus folzis latioribus flore mixto. — ^24. Flos folis Marianus folzis anguftioribus fl. mixto. 25. Chryfanthemum pélofifimum eie un purpurafcente, 26. petalis extus villofis, —— Chryfautbemum Marianum folii ane maris. 27. —Nardus. Americana procerior foliiscefis Pluk. Za£. 28. LOI. Fig. 2. Alm. Bot. Pluk, 101. Al - I have obferved this flately Plant for feveral Years in jns our Pbyfick.Gardes at Chelfey, growing more than two Yards high, with Leaves fomewhat like our Goofefoor; but much larger, and underneath of an Afh edad Carolina: Globe- Tree. | 2 Falerianiilles Americana flore globofo, Pifbaiminis olin re Mul. Petiv, x93. « Arbor Americana arypbyla, frudlu Platani quodammodo Ph. 77. guaulante s Lignum Fibularium (4..e.) Button-wood xo. fies firatibus dicla Pluk. Tab; 77. Fig. 3. Alm. Bot. 47. VER 236i. _ Scabiola dendroides Americana, ferui foliis Circa cau- dem ambientibus, floribus ochroleucis Alm. Bot. 336. . This formerly grew at the PAyfick- Garden at Chelfey, | Sd this Year I faw it in Mr. Widiam dd s Garden at: Hodgsdon. -l.have put this Plaet (until I find a more proper N. E. Place) next to the Valerians, becaufe its FJomers are very like them. * . EN d € 3 i [wis ' Laferpitium Americasum pipe folio Mafei Pe- ds div. 255 Muf. Pet.'. 2 Hippofelinum Marianum foliis integris C trifidu. T : _ The lower Leaves are’ more or lefs round or pointed, | | and ferrated like our Catha palauftris, but much finaller, | not exceeding thofe of the Garden Violer, which they | much refemble, thefe ftandon longer or fhorter Footftalks, Ooo | —— fheathed : ( 402) ‘eathed at the Bale, anne above are wholly vaginated (or, fheathed) and come trifoliate at every Joynt; its ‘Flowers are {mall and vellowifh. 31- A... Our leaft Water-Parfuep with various v | Sium minimum Rai. Cat. Aug], & H. Pl. 444. Syn. 67. RO ^ ed. 2. X07. min. Ferulaceis foliis Hort, Blef. 193, & BP 309. min. uinbellatum foliis. variis Pluk. ZaZ. 61. Fig. DNUS. pufllum fol. variis ND. Pbyt. Brit. aq. pumilum folits p Ble inferns, Feniculaceis fuperne lobatis Moris Tab. inedit. 193 X309. Pih e Fig. 3. ag Biit. 114. 23.9 S ympbylum Marianum foliis Echii latioribus. | Thele Leaves are near an Inch broad, and between ! Two and Three long, are fet alternately clofe to the . Stalk, and caper at each end; id Texture very much re- - . fembling our Vipers Buglofs, but broader. X4 Je eucrium Marianum fpicatum Menthe folio. JA AE. ; Mr.Ray's Virginia Snake-weed, Ray H. PI. Palighüm Virginianum zonnullis, aliis we cosi le aut A por. Colubrina Virginiana Raii H. Pl. $34. — 161... a. Virg anguftifolium ( Serpentaria ditlum)fofculis in cys Bue ls mis. an potius Clinopodium Paegii angufto rigidogue jd Tab. 2. dio Virg. flofculis im cymis. Pluk. Tab. 54. Fig. 2, & ae Alm Bot: 110.) © LENS » Pulegio Cervino quodammodo use capitata, ‘Che 1 pu en d Auftriaee cerulex felis & facie. Breya. Prodr Py. Eg Salone Virginiana Pow . P. Bat. a Fig. & defe, » Horibus in fummitate difpofitis A. AL. Bat, 90 E | 35. Dr. Herman's Miu. Wild Bafil wirt yellow | B H.A4.L.Bat. Flowers. 1 mod po Climpodium Virgiaianum anguftifolinm rie fides pde |! io» — Marees H. A. L. Bat. 107. Virg. anguftif. floribus amplis — is ‘be eb. Iuris it dun maculatis, cujus caulis fub quovis verticillo — Alij. Bot. BO Wed 12, foliolis rubentibus ef circumcinilus D. Bánifter ui. Ahn. B ( 403 ) | Alm. Bot. 111. Virg, auguff. flor. amplis luteis, punctis purpureis Pluk. Fad. 24. Fig. 1. Origanum floribus amplis luteis purpureo maculatis, cu- jus caulis fub. quovis verticillo yo. vel 12. foliis eff cir- cumcintius D. Banifter Ratt APL 1927. — _ Horminum Marianum folis pilis allis afperfis, T - Scutel/aria Virginiana ZZyffop? avguffis Je ue | CUN Alm. Bot. 338. Mt. Ba ncihers Celumbine leav’d Crow- foot. HERE Zhbaliciri folio radice grumofa. D. Bahifler, gs Pi . Raii HZ. Pl. 1927. nemorofus Aquilegia foliis Virginianus 1927. - i Afphodeli radice. Pluk, Tab. 106. Fig. 4. 6c Alm. Bot, — Loc 196 Fig. 4. PA E v Alm. Bot. . Muntings yellow Paffion Flower. | 210. |. Pafüflera Hepatice nobilis folio parvo non cremate, y, en | flore ex luteo viridante Alm. Bot. 282. Hirt. Pile. Clematis Paflionalis ¢ryphyllos ff. luteo Mori ETOx. 6. 1 Pater. Sedi. 1. Tab. 2 Fig. 3. Cl. Paffiflora ff. luteo Munt. Prax. 422 | 422. FPig.opt. eu Flos paffionis ff. luteo H. Pifari Belluc ; ^órif. zr feu 77. Pafs. luteo flore £f. R. Par. Rau H. Pl. 65 x. ee JE Granadilla pumila fl. parvo. luteo D. Alex. Balam. Car. thie | ato u H. Pat. a Turre 55. folio tridentato, parvo ftere fiavef- 7 | cente El. Bot. 206. | E "Bu | Cucumis Flos Paffionis dia [2o folio, fl. ex. lu- Te ds | Juteo viridauti Hf. A. L. Bat. M Gornutus his Canada Herb Chriftopher. 4n | Chryftopboriana Americana racemofa baccis niveis 9 Comm. 76. ] rubris Mori. H Ox. 8. Sef 1. Tab. 2. Fig, opt. 7. Amer. di ie | baccis niveis (9 rubris Park 379. Fig. Ox. 8. | Aconitum Zaccis niveis © rubris Corn.76. Rati FI.PI Po f. E 8 662. | Mr. Pifber, a Friend of mine, brought me this Root | from Potuxen River in Maryland, and he tells me, they ) there call it, Rich: Root, and ule it as a. fpecifíck againft | the Scurvy ; they boyl about a Pound of it in two Gal- Ooo 2 lons. (404) lons of vias till but two Quarts remain, and being — flrained, they drink half a Pint of 1t every Morning, - either alone, or mixt with any other Drink. | ENT aflured me it cured him, and feveral others in the fame Ship he came from thence in. 42. - Spike flowred Meadow-iweet. | cB.163. | Barba Capri Ger. emac. 1043. IB. V. 3. L; . 488. | Gert e. 276 Fig. Chabr. 488. floribus oblongis CB. 165. Pbyt. 2.76. 1043. Vimaria major five altera Park. 591. Fg. Raii e so H. PL 70. T. * 43. Gentiana major Virginiana, floribus amplis ochroleu- Pluk, 186. cis Pluk, Zab. 186. Fig. 1. & Alm, Bot, «66. d. Thefe Leaves are very like thoic of Sope-wort, and, Alm. Bot. aus ftand crofs-wife, or alternately oppofite, convoluting the Stalk, which is round. Its Flowers one Inch and three quarters long and pale, growing towards the top of the Sealk; its Calyx half an Inch deep, - and then divides into five narrow greenifh Beards three quarters of an Inch long, reaching almoft to. | the Dents or lower Angles of the Flower. 44. Gentiana major Virginiana, jlore cer wleo longiore Morif. Mori. Tab. T ab, inedit. vig. Webs ^ "hefe Leaves ftand alfo oppofite Hike the laft but are much narrower and glaucous underneath. The Flowers blew, and broader at the Top than the L laft, andthe Segments or Angles, not fo fharp nor decp- 3- dy indented, the Ca/yx like the other, but the foliaceous Prts fhorter. ie 45. _ Erinus Marianus feré umbellatus, Majorana folio, | 46. Perídliate Venus Looking- -glafs. 7 ABS Reg. Speculum Veneris perfolzatum feu Viola pentagonia . Mif. H. Reo Raii H. Pl. 743. m : Ox. 457. ampanula pentagonia perfoliata Morif. H. Ox. 457. ea P Sell 5. Tab. 2. Fig. 5 : : Onobry- a | ( 495 ) Bhosbischis peregrina perfoliata folio rotundiori. Hort. R: Paris. American Scarlet Cardinal-Flower. 47. - Flos Cardinalis Barberini Col. in Heruand. 880. Fig. es - Card. feu Trachelium Americanum A. L. Bar. & H.2 Groning. Cardinalitius f. Zracbez. Indicum ZZ. Pat. Trachelium Americanum rubrum Ferrar. Razi H. -Pl. Rrrar. 746. Amer... Cardinalis planta Park. parad. 355. Fig. Hada. Amer. fl. ruberrimo f. Planta Cardinalis Ejuld.. 35 6. Hort. Gro. defer. & la Broff. EZ. R. Par. Indicum Cardinalitium die 2^ 14^ Gum 77. R. ZZafz Movil. He Rapuntium galeat am ME hs Í. Americanum coc. 0% 466- Ray H. Pl. cineo flore majore Morif. H. Ox. 466. Sed. 5. Tab. 5. MA Fig. 54. br in Her. 880 Morifons #zr¢iniana Blew Cardinal-Flower. '- 48. Rapanculus galeatus Virginianus, flere violaceo majore Robettleon. Mon. ZZ. Ox. 466. Sed 5. Tab. Fig. 55. en Trachelium Americanum flore ceruleo Icon. Roberti. Mori 2 minus Acer. folis rigidioribus f. ceruleo patulo Hort. 0 Pd eg. Paris. Amer. minus fl. cerul. patulo. Dodart. Mem. pat. 107 119. Rail. ZZ. PJ. 1885. defer. Ray H. Pl. Campanula minor Americana, foliis rigidis ff. céruleo 5 ,qatulo H. A. L. Bat. Digitalis Mariana Perficze folio. — | 49. This I take to be the ZZumming. Bird Tree, figured / ín Joffelin's Nem- England Rarities. . . "[hefe Leaves ítand oppofite on half Inch Footftalks, above four Inches long and three quarters broad. Digitalis Mariana Filipendula folio. : ter | The Flowers of this elegant Plant ftand on naked Foot- .ftalks near an Inch long, they generally grow by pairs one againft the other, each divided into five equal round Segments like thofe of YeZow Tobacco, but three times - _ bigger; thefeare fetin a Calyx whofe Divifions are fim- briated like a Lobe or Wing of its Leaves. Its Style is - thready, and about an Inch long. - lecio- (C 4pm) st. | leforel> phus Mo hove’ Blattarig folio. Thete 7 aves ave Geciny cut ito eight or ten (crrated: Lobes, which. for tüe mof 1 part ftand oppofite, each. Leaf. is about +! he Deng 1oi the Pootfla!k it ftands on, viz. if ful! grown, fivc Jacüies, er thereabouts.” — Its Seed. Peffel gare oblong pointed 7Zusks, which open "en the upper Edge ; they grow in a Spike on each fide - the Stalk; and are guarded, efpecially the ke Side, ^7 ^ witha hoary membracaceous Calyx: | 52. Crateogonon Marianum fere cieruleo, 5 p Turritis Mariana ff f segues dependentibus , uno verfu difpofttis. >. "Ehe Pods are about two Inches long. flat, fomewhat crooked, and end asit were in a blunt fpine, they fland on half Inch Footftalks, and are thin fet on all fides the Stalks, but have a Tendency only one Way. ued Cornutus bis Canada Celandine. 3 odd — Chelidonium maximum Canadenfe anavroy Corn. 212. Park, 617.09 Park. 617. Morif. B. Ox. 257. Sedi 3. Tab. 3. Figs ~~ 327 I. Raii APT. 18895, 0° PES Man. er Ranunculus Vieieaks albus Park. 327. Fig. an Vir- Ray uh giuianus Muf. Trad. 160? © ; 257 od Papaver corniculatum feu Chelidonium bumile caulicule ti 380, udo, flore albo flellato Alm. Bot. 280. 3 Chamefyce Mariana ramof| ifima dicbotomos, filiis Pow — Lygoni minoribus. |. d 56. Chamefyce dieit Lf machia e campers Gerardi — folio. | e N. B. The remaining Herbs and pois with fome Fifi x : "i and Aximals, not here mentioned, fhall be the — Subjedt of another Paper. | 1 nee / i bt III. €aptain ( 407 ) TA Capáin Lanpford? n Obferoations of bis own Experience upon Harzcaues, and their Progno- ticks... | Comumaicated by Mr, Bonavert, r hath been the Cuftom of our Englifh and French In- habitants of the Caribee Z/lands, to tend, in about the — Month of Fune, to the Native Carz£ees of Dominico and St. Vincent, to know whether there would be any Huri- canes that Year; and about Ten or Twelve Days be- fore the Huricane came, they did conftantly fend them Word ; and it very rarely or feldom failed, that ever I had. Experience of, but the Inhabitants have pretended that fometimes they did fail in their Prognofticks, or ra- - ther in their Witchcrafts or Councel with the Devil, as they call'd it. But I hope I fhall, in the enfuing Difcourle, both clear the Natives of that Afperfion in this Matte? ; and likewife fhew (ome certain Reafons, back'd with Ex- “perience, that feldom, or never as yet, thofe Progno- ' ftieks have failed, as have obferved in Five Huricanes ; ‘One in the Year. 1657. the othersin Anuo 1658, and 3660. and 1665, and 1667. Two of which I was at | 'Seain, without any Prejadice to: my Ship, Mafts, Sails, | or Rigging; I always fitting my Ship for fach a Stor, | ‘which 1 could give good Reafons for, but I thall be too tedious ; fo 1 fhall only vibe RS what I have to we. into "iehefe Fou: Parts: sex. How LP exme'to tlie Kaowledge of tele Signs or E um d 2. What babe are, ( 408 ) - 3. The Experience I ave had by foretelling of Hur- ricanes, and the Benefit my {elf and others have received thereby. 4. And Laftly, Additional Reafons of the Caufe of the Hurricanes and their Bounds. Firfl, How I came to the doin: im of the r.a or Progoolick of the Hurricanes. -.In the Year 1657.. T. With Three Mérchant«men bound for Nevis and 7amaica, came:under the Ifland Dominico, where | had need to take in Provifion for Cattel ;; but knowing the great hatred the Natives had againft our Nation, (except his Highnefs Prince Rupert) notwithftanding all the Means the Governors of. thofe Iflands had ufed to the contrary, Iwas fore’d to-put up Holland Colours, and by that Means’ drew Three of the Indians aboard me, and by the civil Entertainment I gave them, :overcame fo much their: Jealoufies of -our being; Ezg/ifb, that returning. a Shore,,they brought with: them a. confiderable - Number of. Men, Women, |. and "Children; :furnifhing me- with the things. I wanted : Aud many of the Men ftaying with meall Night, where the Entertainment we gave them; undeceived them fo mueh of the ill Opinion they had of:our Nation, that when in the End they difcovered’ us’ to: be. Englifb - 4n Return to our Civilities, they promifed to fend fome of their chiefeft Families after me to Nevis, to conclude a firm Peace with us. . And to that purpofe they left me. Three Hoftages. And when the reft, that followed me, — : were, by one Gourtman, a Matter of a Ship, intercepted in order to make them Slaves, I prevailed with the Go. vernor of St. diode who, conkers the end they | j came ( 499.) | came for, fet them free; and fo the Peace with them Was concluded, and fome Years alter ratified by my Lord Willoughby. The Civilities T ufed towards them, on thefe and other Occafions, made one of the Three Hoftages re- _ folve to remain with me, which he did for Four Years, and to come over into England with me, where fhortly after he died, — — And from this Zdian Y had their Way of fore-telling ju Hurricanes Fourteen Days before they come. Signe or Prognofticks of Hurricanes. LL Hace come, either on the Day of the Full, Soe or Quarters of the Moos. | 2. Tf he will come on the Full Moon, you being in the -. Change, then obferve thefe Signs: That Day you will fee the Skies very turbulent, the Sun more red than at other times, a great Calm, and . the Hills clear of Clouds or Foggs, over them, which in the high Lands are feldom fo. Likewife in Hollows, or Concaves of the Earth, or Wells, there will be a . great Noife as if you were in a great Storm, and at Night the Stars looking very big with Burrs about them, | and the North Weft Sky very black and foul, the Sea fmelling ftronger than at other times, as ufüally it doth | in great Storms; and fometime that Day, for an Hour |. or Two, the Wind blows very hard Wefterly, out of his | ufual Courfe. | . On the Full of the Moon you have the fame Signs, | E a great burr about the Moon, and Mud times about | the Sun. Ppp The ny IET CES t TENES (419) c The like Signs muft be taken notice of on the Quar- ter Days of the Moon ; in the Months of July, August, and September; for the Hurricanes come in thofe Months; the fooneft that ever I heard of was the 25th of Fuly, and the lateft was the 8th of September ; but the - ufual Month they come in is August. 3. Thirdly, the Benefit and Experience I have had of. foretelling thefe Hurricanes is, that whereas herereto- fore they were fo dreadful, that all Ships were afraid to . go to Sea, and did rather choofe to ftay in the Roads at — | Anchor, than to run the hazard of the mercilefs:Sea, al- though never Ship efcaped at Anchor, but was caft — a-fhore; many times, by the Violence of the Storm, fome Veílels have been caft fo far on the Shore, that : when the Storm was over, they have been from Twenty ‘to Thirty Yards dry from the Wafh of the Shore, and - the Veflels fet whole; and by this Means the Lives of — . thofe that were in thofe Veffels were faved. But I, finds | ing that if a Man keeps his Ship failable, with good | ftore of Ballaft, his Ports well Barr'd and Calked, his © Top-Mafts down, and his Tops too, if he have time, his Yards a-Port lac'd, or long Ships, keeping fecure his ~ Doors and Windows of'his Shipp, and fhe will lye as well | asin other Storms ; and they may, having their Ships | in a readinefs, ftay in the Road till the Storm begins, - which is always firft at North, fo to the North-Weft, till he comes round to the South-Eaft, and then his Fury | is over, So withthe North Wind they may rug away to © the South, to get themfelves Sea-room, for drift of the, — South-weft Wind, where he blows very fiercely; by - thefe Means, I have, by God's Bleffing, preferved my |) felf in Two Hurricanes at’ Sea, and in. Three at Shore, | , fa and I have had great Advantages by it. | Ca) For in thofe at Sea I loft not a Sail, Yard, or Matt ; j they being two great Hurricanes. And ia the Year 1667. I being a-fhore at Nevis, there was a Hurricane onthe roth Day of Auguj?: and Fourteen Days before, ‘I did take notice of the foregoing Signs, on a Full Moon ; and T acquainted Sir fobs Berry, who was Commander of his Majefty’s Ship, Coronation, and feveral other Commanders there; who did make their Ships ready for the Sea; aod in the Morning about Four of the Ciock, the Wind coming hard Northerly, they put to Sea; and by God's Bleffing, came all back, in Four or Five Days time, fafe tothe Road again, to the great Admiration of the French, then our Enemies ; infomuch that ! was told, thata Capucia Fryar, in his Sermon tothe French, af ter the Hurricane, fhould ufe this Expreflion: * You - | pmay now fee your Wickednefs, in Praying for a Hur- *:ricane to deftroy the Engli/h Fleet, when you fee they “are all come back fafe; and we have not a Houfe left “to ferve God in, nor for our own Convenience, nor * Forts nor Amunition left to defend our felves againft “thefe preferv'd Enemies. And the Governor cf. Nevis, _.and Planters, were for perfwading the Commanders of the Ships to flay, and not regard my falfe Prophefies, »as they calld it, they being very much offended with me for giving Sir feb» Berry this Councel; infomuch - that when Sir jobs. Berry returned back from the Hurri- cane, I was the firft that went aboard him, where he fà. luted me with many Thanks, and likewiíz ufed this -Expreffion; Is the old Governor's Houfe down as well asthe reft ? I told him, It was down to the Ground. fI am not forry, faid he, for him, for he would not be- - lieve it had beena Hurricane elfe ; though he was forry to fee the great Deftruction it had made o on the Shore. Ppp2-. | ~The T. oue CITAR | ( 412 ) | The Second Benefit 1 found by Experience, on the Shore, was in this Year, 1667. That in the Store- houfe where I kept the Regiment's Amunition and Cloathes, I had a good Quantity of my Lord Wz/leugb- y's Sugars, and my own; and [ did, on the Confidence 1 had ot the Hurricane'scoming, with my Negroes, roll all my Sugars on Mafts of Ships, with high Clogs un- der my Mafts, and made Gutters for the Water to run away underneath, I being aílured of the great Quanti- ties of Rain that falls in this Storm ; and on my Plan- chant over the Sugars! did lay all the Bundles of Soldiers Cloathes, and the Barrels of Powder on that ; and thenI laid all the Match on the Powder, and four or five Sails over the Match; the Clews of the Sails I{pik’d all down - tothe Timbers: fo that when the Hurricane had carried. — away the Roof of the Houfé; yet my Sugars and Goods. ~ remained all fafe; that I loft but one Hogthead of Sugar, and that ftood a-head open, by the Neglect of my Ser- — vants, where fome {mall Water got intoit. — And this EF | have put down that cthers that live in thofe Parts may — prevent thofe great Damages they run, by taking fome Care beforehand; if they did obferve thofe Prognofticks, and follow my Example. | Eaftly, Reafons and Caufes of thefe Hurricanes, ace | ‘cording to Experimental Obfervations of my Time. This is fo difficult a Matter, that | do expe@ great "Objections thereto ; but I fhall raife fome my felf, and- an{wer them, leaving the reft to better Judgments. — — It is not unknown to all Men of Experience, that to the Southward of the Tropicks there is conftantly a Trade-Wind, or Eafterly Wind, which goes from the North to the South-Eaft. all the Year about; except where. there are Reverfions of Breezes, and 1n-Letts neat ee DUREE o Rudi ocius ee ee E E = SS Dee. gn C 413 ) . near the Land; fo that when this Hurricane, or rather” . Whirl- Wind, ‘comes in Oppofition to the conftant Trade- Wind, then he pours down with that Force and Vio- | lence, that it exceeds all Storms of Wind in the World, and, as] have faid before, nothing can withftand him ; for he takes Trees away by the Roots, and thofe that are extraordinarily {trong rooted, he twifls of inthe Mid- - um disc do the Hurricaneriu 1667. at Nevis, I faw the high Mountain that was all green with Trees, left in moft places bare, and the Wood lying in fuch a Con- dition, with half Trees, or Stumps, or quarters, that one would think it almoft incredible. Many other Sto- ries of Truth I could relate, as to this ruinous Storm ; but it willbe too tedious: So I fhall leave it to others Re- | lation, and go on with the matter in hand, to thew the Caufe of thefe violent Storms, according to my beft Judgment and Experience. First, lt is remarkable by all Men that have been in thofe Parts, where the Sun comes to a Zenzth, that at his approach towards the Zenith, there is always fair Weather ; But at his return to the. Southwards, it occa- - | fions off the North Parts of the Equinottial, generally | much Rains and Storms, as Tornadoes, and the like ;. | which makes the Wind in the Tornadoes to come on Íc- veral Points. But before it comes it calms the confiant Eafterly Winds; and when they are paft, the Eafterly Wind gathers Force again, and then the Weather clears - up fair: and this ] mention to come the more clearly to my Difcourfe of the Caufe of Hurricanes. : Secondly, The Wind being generally betwixt the Zro- picks and the Equator Eafterly, unlefs at {uch times as before declared ; meeting with the Oppofition of thefe - Hurricanes, which comes in a contrary Courfe to that Trade-Wind, as is generally called by Navigators doth . caufe this violent. Whirl- Wind, on the Sun’s leaving the Zenith AS Am Py | Zenith of Barbadoes, and thofeadjacent Iflands; by which the Eafterly Wind doth much decay of his Strength : and then the Weft Wind, which is kept back by the Power of the Sun, doth with the greater Violence and Force pour down on thofe parts where he encroaches. - And it is ufual in our. failing from Barbadoes, or thofe Iflands to the North, for a Wefterly Wind, when we begin to lofe our Eafterly Wind, to have it calm, as it i$ before Hurricanes: And then the Wind" fpringiog up, cauleth it, till it comes- well fetled, to be various, büt after. che fetled Wefterly Wind comes freth, we have been conftantly without thofe Shufllings from Point to Point. Hereis tobe obferved, that all Hurricanes begin from the North to the Weftward, and on thofe Points — that the Eafterly Wind doth moft violently blow, doth the Hurricane blow moft fiercely againft it; forfrom | the NNE. tothe ESE, the Eafterly Wind bloweth frefh: — eft ; fo doth the W.NW. tothe SS W.- in the Hurricane . blow moft violent; and when' he comes backto the SE, | Which is the common Courfe of the Trade- Wind, then he ceafeth of his Violence; and fo breaksup. ^ ^ — — -. So, with Submiffion to better Judgments, I take the . | Caufe of Hurricanes to be the Sun’s leaving the Zenith | ,of thofe Parts towards the South. And Secondly, the € Reverf*-or Rebounding back of the Wind, which is oc- 8 cafioned by the calming of the Trade. Wind. — ^ — € But it will be objected, Why fhould not this Storm be ' all over thofe Parts of the Weft-Zndies, as well as Bar- 3m badoes and the Leeward-Iflands? =~ — — CERT To which I anfwer, That it hath in about Twenty- | five Years of my Experience, taken its Courfe from Ber. mudoes, or Summer Iflands, to the Caribee-Dlands: but feldom or. never doth he carry fuch a Breadth as from the Latitude of Sixteen to Thirty-two Degrees, which is the | Latitudes of the one and other Places; but it hath : | been ( 415) | | been obferved, that when Hurricanes have been in Mfar- | tinico, which is within Two Degrees of Latitude, and Two Degrees of Longitude, according to the Miles of that Circle, yet no Hurricane hath been in Bar£adoes ; Nor could I ever call any of the former Storms at Bar- - Badoes Hurricanes, till that laft Year in 1675. Again it hath been noted, that Hurricanes have done the like to the Northwards: , | For when the Hurricane hath been in Antegoa and St. Chriflophers, thoíe Ships that were but ia the Lati- tude of Twenty Degrees had no Hurricane, but conftant Wefterly Winds, reafonable fair, and thenthere were no Hurricanes inBermados sand when the Hurricanes were at Bermudoes, the Leeward or Cari£ee [lands had no Hur- ricane ; nor had thofe Iflands the Hurricane when Bar- badees had it. | Now it will be objected, Why the Hurricane was ne- — ver known to go farther to the Weftward. than Porte - Rico, which lies in or near the Latitude of thofe Iflands . of St. Chriffopher's? : To this L anfwer, That from Porto Rico, Downwards, both that Ifland as well as ZZi/pauzela, and other Hlands there adjacent, are of vaft Greatnefs and very high Lands, that of themfelves doth moft commonly give -Reverfal or Wefterly Winds at Night, through the Year ; For there, for the Reafons aforefaid, the Eafterly Wind, towards Night doth calm, and thofe Lands afford a Land- Wind, which the other Iflands cannot do, by reafon of the Smallnefs of thofe Cari£ee-Iflands ; but very near the. Shoar, the Trade-Wind haviog his full Power till this - general Whir!-Wind comes, for. the Reafons aforefaid. I do imagine fo likewife to the Southwards of Barba- does, where the Tornadoes come frequently, there is no Hurricanes; neither was there at BarSadoes, when thefe 'Tornadoes did commonly come there, which made fome {mall RO S sg | "Ímalf Reverfal, though it was but for Two or Three Hours: Yet the Eafterly Wind, giving fome Way by * the Sun's declining from that Zenith, doth prevent this — furious Reverfe, where it hath no Vent till by the Vio- lence of the Two Winds it is forc'd. | 4 I could fay fomething more as to the Storms: to the South part of America, when the Sun declines from them to the North ; but fhall leave it to others of more Expe- rience in thofe parts, F having been but once there. . And I could fay fomething of the Caufe ofthe uncer- tain Rules for the Currents in the We/?-Zndies, but for. fear of being too tedious, will make an end. ' — : (317? IV. Concerning the Magnetifm of Drills ; by Mr. Ballard. Communicated by Dr, William . — Mulgrave, Fellom of tbe Colledge of Pbyfici- ans and RK, $. ix. A S to the firft Propofition, viz. thata Drillin bo- ring of Iron will acquire avigorous Polarity. I "fuppofe it does not fully appear from hence, That all the ‘common Drills in a Smith's Shop, which probably have ‘been ufed moftiy, if not only; in Iron, and never been within the Virtue or under the Touch of any Loadftone, | do, with their Bitts, confiantly draw the South End of | the Needle; and confequently are themfelves a fixe IN. | ‘Pole: For I caufed Six or Seven feveral Drills to be . Made before my Face, and the Bitt or Point of every | one became a N. Pole, only by hardening, before they - | ever came to be workt, either in Iron or any other mat- | ter; fo that I cannot fuppofe thofe found in a Shop to | have gotten their Polarity fo much from: their after ule, | as from their firft make. | ii | 2. That pieces of plain Iron, in Shape like Drills, | (that is fomething long and {mall) do always change | their Poles as they are inverted, the end downwards ie- | 4ng ever the N. Pole; I find not always true: For | though it hold generally in fuch {mall pieces, and always | (as far as I can yet find) in pieces of any Bulk, as large | Hammers, Anvils, Andirons, Bars of. Windows, &c. | yet I found feveral {mali pieces of Steel, {uch as the Drills | are made of, to have fixed Poles, one end North, the |. other South, in whatever Poftures I held them. Some | ofthefe very vigorous in fuch their Polarity ; others | fhewing plainly a Tendency to füch a Pole, rather than : MIL Q qq the S 30 Map the other ; yet fo faintly, that it applied contrary to their Taclination ; (that is, at the upper end, if it affected to draw the South; or the lower end, ifthe North.) They caufed the Needle to ftand in eguzlibrio, Eaft and Weft ; the particular Inclination of either one end feeming in fome pieces, quite to'conquer ; in others, quite to hiader that more general Polarity they both acquire, by being either upward or downward. Yet thisíeems only tobe found in fmall Stems of Iron ; the being either upward ki downward always prevailing in pieces of greater Bulk. 3. As to the Opinion of the Magnetick Philofophers, that nothing gives or receives a Magnetifm, but what is in it felf truly Magnetick, as is only Iron; as to the laft part, that is, only Iron receiving a Magnetiím, I have nothing certain to fay, but for giving the fame; I fup- pofe it very queftionable, whether only Iron (or what is of near kin to it, as we fuppofe the Loadftone it felf to be) can beftow or impart fuch Virtue, fince not only, as I have faid before, the quenching in Water will do ir, but the. heating alío of an Iron by violent Motion, will do the fame; as by quick and hard filing, which is the very fame thing as brisk drilling inthe Iron; and there- fore may be faid to proceed from the File which is Steel or Iron. But to fhew it comes from the meer Motion (or heat,which is nothing elfe but the Motion continued). This Experiment may fuffice, if it fucceed to others as it feem'd to do to me. I took my Knife, which had been formerly toucht (a quarter of a Year or more before,) and profering it to the Needle, it drew the North Pole; - which happeaed right for my purpofe. I whetted it ~ briskly on a dry dirty Threfhold, and being thin, itbe- - came very hot towards the Point, the Edge being whet: away toa Wire, as they term it, I ftruck the very top, and back towards the top, againft the Ground, as f had done ; - iM À & ~~ 3 ‘ * " - ( 419 J done the fides, to deftroy and rub off, tf I cou'd, all its former Polarity which was Southward; then offering it again to the Needle, it drew the South end, and was quite changed. To confirm the thing, | toucht the fame Knife again with the North Pole of my Loadilone, and it drew vigoroufly the North End of the Needle. I whet it again ftrongly in the fame manner,and it changed again. This I repeated five or fix times, and it {till | | changed by whetting, efpecially on the fides towards | the topof the Knife, the very top and back, which | coud not be whet to fo great an Heat, retaining ftill fome affection for that Pole the Loadftone had enclin'd them to. This I try'd with a Knife of a thicker Blade ; but I could not with my Hand whet it to that Heat as |. to havethe (ame Effect wrought upon, as on my own; |. though I ufed füch force as at laft to break it ia. two. - E borrowed then another thinner ; but prefently had the fame Misfortune. I intend therefore to try it at a Cut- . lersWheel, laid with Emery and Oyl; and likewife on J. a Grindftone, both wet and dry; and I rather choofe the Grindftone, becaufe the other Wheel may be fuppofed to . have much Iron worn into it from the many Knives that "have been ground on it, and fo the Effect if produced will prove no more than that of filing with, or drilling in Iron. And the wet Grindftone, though it want Heat to give a new Polarity, yet probably i ii may wear | off thofe parts of the Iron in which the old did inhere, . and fo render it fimple again. _ Asto the 4th, Whether Brafs or Copper will, as well | as Iron, give a N. Polarity to a Drill; this cannot | well be try'd; fince the very makifg, if it be well hard- | ned, will certainly give it. Wherefore | s. The Drill Mr. Aaet made could not, if well ert | end, according to what J can find, be iodifferent to ei- l ther Pole. | | Q4: "Qon 6. L'fuppofe the Drill having a S, Pole given it by the Magnet, could not be heat fo far upward toward the Box by drilling, as it had received Polarity : So that fup- pofing the very top to be fufficiently heat,and to have loft its South Polarity, it has it ftill fupplied from the parts . upwards Magnetick Virtue, as | alwaysobferved, tend- ing ftill toward the Extreams: (as appears from the — Edges of the Arms of. à. Loadftone, which the Virtue | fceming from the Surface of every fide there to unite, — takes up much more Filings of fron than the middle can. | : | * As to the Conclufions, Fzrf?, That a Drillis natu- rally a North Pole, I fuppofe may be true, but it iscon- trary dire&tly to what is affirmed in the fifth Paragraph, _ viz. That the Drill made by Mr. Aunt, was indifferent . to either Pole, Gc. And I fuppofe that bare drilling — might be able togive a Polarity to a Drill, ifit could be. made indifferent, as well as filing does, if the Drill be - ufed fo briskly asto be made as hot as the File makes the | Iron. Secondly, That though a S. Pole "S by the. Magrtet cannot be taken off by the Heat of a brisk Mo- ; _ tion (as that of drilling’); which yet by the Experiment : of my. Knife feems to be contradicted ; yet perhaps the © Heat may be great enough to produce a Polarity in an 7) indifferent piece of Iron ; as was before {aid to be done, 7) in little indifferent Drill-like pieces of Steel, by filing. — — Thave lately try'd feveral {mall Experiments referring to what I before have faid; but with fuch Uncertainty, that as I find many things in my Tryals. contrary to what others have feem’d to.find; fo I queftion whether ^ any. thing I have faid will univerfally bear the Teft. So that happening to be hindred (as Tam like to be) more. than ufually, with other Concerns, I am forcd at pre- fent to want that Satisfaction T promifed my felf, till my felf hereafter fhall endeavour, or fome more able, | | ij : 4$1:). ‘in the mean time (if at MAE fhall be pelos to give « us. | V. Part of a Letter. from the Reverend . Mr. George Lewis, at Fort St. George; to the Reverend Dr. Arthur Charlett, and the late Dr. Edward Bernard ; concerning fome — — Jadian Manuferipts, ane fent to the Univer | futy of Oxford. Reverend Sirs, [N purfuance to your joint Letter, bearing Date the - 3d of July, 1695. I have procured you fome of the - Manufcripts of thefe parts, wherein it hath been my. Care to get fuch as were of good Nore and Eftcem among themíelves. They are in feveral Languages and dif- ferent Characters, The Names of the Particulars I fend: you in a Note enclofed. If hereafter it fhould be my Fortune to meet with any of their facred Books, as the - Vedum, Vedantum, Shaflrum-or Porane; 1 fialt take | care to fend them when a Convenience offers. There comes by the Xing William Three Volumes of © '. China Books, ae on Wood, which is their fo much | vaunted way of Printing. Thefe are fent to Mr, Gilbert - | Dolben by his Brother here: And Three fent to Dr. Jobs » | Awass, by a Friend come on the Madra/s Merchant. |. I prefume, they'll be all prefented to your Univerfity. | Of thefe you may have what Quantity you fhall com- py mand, pees being plentiful in China. Mr. à | ( 422.) Mr. Elihu Yale, late Governor of -this Place, got a jearned Dramine to tranflate out of the Sanfcreet into the - Tulinga Language fome of their Sacred Books. But the Bramine in fome meafure abusd him. However, he tranflated the whole Body of the Geatio Laws into the Julingas as likewife their Account of the Creation of the World, taken out of the Shaffrum or Porane, 1am not certain which. This Book is writ in a fair Chara- . Ger, and upon good Paper, and upon his arrival in Eng- land, is defign’d a Prefent to your Univerfity. A Catalogue of the Books fent. | A. The Ramainum or Hiftory of Ram, in the Sanícreet Language, and the Grandum Character, 7. e. the Cha- racter usd by the Malabar Bramines. " A 2. The Ramainum in the modern Gentio or Tulinga Language. = * z HAE od A B. The Bohar’tum, or Hiftory of Virada Raz, and other wife Princes in thefe Parts. An ancient Hiftory. — Tulinga. | | | 3 B 2. Other parts of the Bobar'tum. Tulinga. — B 3. More parts of the Bobartws. | "Tulinga. — — C. Parma Teogee Velafum, a Book treating of Religi- | . ous Matters, and held in great Efteem. Tulinga. D. Kifna Velafum, or the Hiftory of Xz/na, in the Arwa or Malabar Language and Charader. |. —— — E. Containsthree Booksin the Tulinga. 1. Anoofha Santkum. 2. Aifb Rama Bafum. 3. Aifhwa Meda 4 | Parwum, - i Chief in thofe parts... Containing 1. The Tulinga Al- phabet, and their way of compounding and making . Syllables. - JF. A Gentio Book writ at the Requeft of an Englifh | m ( 432 | 2. An erroneous aud imperfect Account of the . Ceaft of Coromandell, and of the Kings of Golconda. - 2, Some of their ancient. Stor or Fables; all in a fair Character. In the Gentio Book, writon Binet are encloted feve- ral loofe Papers, as " x. Aurang Zebe’s PiGure, with the Year of the Zie- | gira he was born in. 2. A Lion in Arabick Characters, with the P! ain | Reading. 3. An Arabick Writing, faid to be found in Bie an . der’s Clofet. 4. Several Bst of the beft Hands here, in the — Language. . Certain Characters upona Seal, underftood by no m in thefe parts. 6. Several Hymns or Sacred Songs in the Perfian and. | Hindoftan Language, (ung in Honour of Alufex and Ha- | fan, Suns of Alee, by the Erasee Mohametan, on the __ firft ten Days of the Month Mebaram, when they com- | memorate the Martyrdom of thofe two Saints. 7. A Letter in the Shekaffeh or fhort Writing, the — ufual Hand Perfian Letters are writ in, which tor the , Excellency of the Character, 1 thought fi to fend | among the reft. The above-mentioned Reverend Dr. Arthur Charlett, | Mafler of Univerfity-College, Oxford, having (as ow | many other Occaftons ) favoured the Royal Society with a Sight of thefe curious Manufcripts, it appeared by a Sam- | ple or Specimen of the Leaves and Fruit of the Ampana | Hort. Mal. Tom. 1. p. 13. Fig. 10. or Palma Ma- | labarica , flofculis ftellatis, fructu longo (quammato D D. iid ib. Or Palma C grenier folio enn flabelli- for mi oe | (414) | "formi major. Ampana ZZ. 74. Ratt ZZiff. p. 1266. fbown to the Society by Mr, James Pettiver, one of their Mem- ‘bers, that the feveral Leaves of all Leaves of thefe Books were made of the Leaves of this Palm wrote an. by a _ Stile. | fei VEIL An Account of what happened to a Child on fwallowing two Copper Farthings. Communica- ted by Dr. Edward Baynard, Fellow of the - College of Phyfttians.. 5 TJ Living then in Worceffer, my Son William Underhill, A aged about Three Years, fwallowed by accident two Copper Farthings, but half a Year one after the other. ‘Upon the firfti Farthing, he eat nothing for ten Days, — - and complained of a great Pain at his Stomach, and dri- — veld as if he had been falivated; and often faid he hada © fauíeous venomous Tafte in his Mouth, the farthing nor — coming from him in half a Year. After the fwallow- — ing of the fecond Farthing he began by Degrees to lofe ‘his Limbs, his Breaft growing narrow, and the Child ‘Confumptive;who was after perfe&ly cured by the Bath, — and his Breaft dilated and grew broad as before. This - happening about Ten Years fince, thefe are moft of the ‘Particulars 1 can remember. Witneís my Hand, Her. Underhill. - | VLC (425 ) VIL Curve Celerrimi Defcenfus inveftigatio _analytica excerpta ex literis R, Sault, Math. ER oa | TN ( me noviflimé Societate tua dignatus es, collo. | X4 cuti fumus de Curva Celerrimi Defcenfus, Mundo Ma- | thematico, Domino Bernoulliano, propofita. Interq; cetera mentionem fecifti de demonftrationis mez publicatione quam € pluribus retro menfibus inveni: quamvis autem problema illud nunc obfoletum videatur, libentius tamen publici juris faciam, quia celeberrimus Leibnitius omnes Mathematicos, | hujus problematis folutionis compotes, enumerare fufcepit, |" necnon ne tefferam obférvantiz mew tibi ipfi debitam, omit | tam. | Sit AP (Fig. 15.) linea Horizontalis,; P, punttum a quo | corpus grave defcendit, per Curvam lineam quzfitam ADE, C & D puncta duo infinité propinqua, per que corpus decifu- | rum fit, CD reCta duo puncta connettens, DC & «C; DF & SG, FS & GC vel sH, momenta curve, abíciffz, & ordi- | natim applicate refpettive. Capiatur Dr: Ds & 1C—BC. Quoniam in lineolis nafcentibus, tempus eft ut via per- | curía direCté & velocitas (i. e. in hoc cafu, ut radix quadrata altitudinis corporis defcenfi) inverfé, per Hypoth. 275 "iud ror = Tempori Minimo. Et quia velocitas in punQis equialtis $ & B per curvam DsC & rectam DBC eadem eft, tempus per DC, quod evidenter minimum eft, erit ut | | | | ! Bebe y bBCio . | i exudate m Fab + zg; > &quentur ergo hac tempora, & 755 + 75: | Y DA. a BE; . DB—Ds THAT sC—BC Burt id fe = gap + pay. hocell van — Ter Wl pop = por Sed triangula Evanefcentia Brs, Brs xquiangula funt tri. ^ : Bs Be. 3. ts Bs angulis DsF, HsC,. Erg. 5; == & ye = | componan- Arr tur C416 y c "M^ eG 4 : GA . Ber ae Me ts . rer n tur ha dux rationes qualitatis & poop = Fis Ex roD EX VQF. ; ; _« ! : . | . . 7 £quo —— — pq; Quandoquidem autem quidvis ex Elementis xquabiliter fluere fupponatur, ponamus DS=SC FOF. Ds i.e. impuntto flexure Curva femper: ert in ratione com- pofita, velocitatis- dirette. & momenti applicatim or dinatx, inverfé; Sit x, YRS ish pe abfciffe,. ordina- & evade fimpliciffima Curva: expreffio — es e ubiqi. timapplicatz, & curve refpe&tive, - conftans eft, ut fupra. ! J . 2 Erg. = = == 1 fed poffuimus z (= via455) conftans. Ergo. ut me unitas conftans . ht: & dimenfiones debitas retineat. 1. r ot , & poft redügHioHeni, ye a£ e Expreffio 4o-. ELT —V T yy » pe dd PEL. 9. E. 7 L4 VIL A Catalogue of Books Tail printe d x P | Ttaly. E Ollectanea Monumentorum veterum Ecclefie Grex: cx ac Latinz. qux hactenus in Vaticana Bibliothe- ca.delituerunt. Laurentius- Alexander Zacagnius Rom, - Vaticanz Bibliotheca PrzefeCtus, e-fcriptiscodicibus nunc... Sig: primum edidit, Graca Latina fecit-notis illuftravit ~ 4to. Romz 1698. > Offervationi Hiftoriche fopra alcuni Medaglioni del B Sig.Cardinale Carpegna dell’ pue Filippo Buonarotti. |. 4to. Roma 1698. Ema-.. 427 ) Emanuelis Schelftrate Bibliothecze Vaticane PixfeQi | Aniiquitas Ecckfie , tomus primus continens Opus Chrcnolcgicum, folio Rome 1692. Ejufdem tomus fecundus apis Gecgraphito- Hierarchicum. folo Rome 1697. Jofephi Saenz Cardinalis de Aguire Colleatio maxima Conciliorum Hifpani & novi Orbis. fol. 4 Vol. Rc- mx. 1693. Philippi. Bonanni Soc. Jefu, Numifmata fummorum Poatificum Templi Vaticani fabricam i^dicantia. fol. Rome, 1696. cum figaris. Michaelis Angeli Caufei De la Chauffe Mufeum Ro. manum five Thefaurus erudite Antiquitatis. fol. Romx. 1690. cum figuris. | Joannis Ciampini Vetera Monimenta de Operibus : Mufivis. fol. Romz. 169o. Idem de facris xdificlis 4: Conftantino mag-. . no conftru&tis, cum figuris. fol. ibid. 1693. , ——— Ejufdem facra Hiflorica difquifitio de duo- bus emblematibus. qux in Cimelio eminent. Cardinalis Gafparis Carpinei aflervantur in quorum-altero przci- - pué difceptatur an duo Philippi Imperatores fuerint Chriftiani. 4to.Romz. 1691. . ll Tempio Vaticano & fea oxigine con gli edificii piu conípicai antichi, & moderni fatti dentro, & fuor di effo. defcritto dal Cav: Carlo fontaea Architetto di efio Ital. Lat. fol. Roma, 1694. con. figure. La Hiftoria Univerfale provata con monumenti, ‘e fi- - gurata con fimboli degli antichi dal Sigsore. . Canonico Francefco Bianchini Veronefe. 4to. Roma, 1697. con figure in rame. Profpettiva ad ufo de Pittori & architetti del Padre — Andreo Pozzi. S: J. fol. Roma, 1692. con figure. - Siria facra- Defcrittione Iftorico- Geografico- Topogra- fica delle due Patriarcali Antiochia ed Jerufalemme, di- quelle - ( 428 ) quelle d’Aleffandria, e Coftantinopoli, e de "Primati di. Cartagine,e d'Etiopia dell’ Abbate Biaggio Terzi da Lave- ria. Fol. Roma, 1695. con figure. | Hieronymi Vitalis Clerici Regularis Theatini Lexicon Mathematicum hoc eft rerum omnium ad Univerfam fe- re Mathefim quà late patet fpe&antium collectio & ex- plicatio, gto. Rome, 1699. cum figuris. Joannis Franciíci Vannii Soc. Iefu Invefligatio momen- torum quibus gravia tendunt deoríüm 8vo. Remz.1695. -Gli antichi Maufolei Romani & etrufchi trovati in Ro- ma & altri luoghi celebri nelli quali fi contengono molte erudite memorie diflegnate da Pietro Santi Bartoli. folio Roma, 1697. Le antiche Lucerne figurate, raccolte dalle caue ie fotter- ranee.& grottedi Roma nelle quali fi contengono molte ‘erudite memorie diffegnate da Pietro Santi Bartoli, colle offervationi di Gio. Pietro Bellori. fol. Roma, 1685. Pitture Antiche del fepolcro de Nafoni diffegnate da Pietro Santi Bartoli & illuftrate colle note di Gio. Pietro ellori. Fol. Roma, 1632. | Georgii Baglivi Do&oris Medici de praxi dhcdies ad prifcam obfervandi rationem revocanda libri duo, acce- dunt Differtationes nove. 8vo. Romz, 1696. ^. Profperi Mandofii Theatrum in quo maximorum Chri- ftiani orbis Por atificum archiatros fpectandos exhibet. ki Rome, 1696. | Caroli Jofephi Imbonati Ord. Ciftetc. Chroricón Tia! gicum, five de eventibus Tragicis. 4to. Romz. 1646. wa LON D O N: Printed for Sam. Smith, and Benj Walford eS Printers to the Royal Society, at the Prince s Arms tf in St. Pau/s Church- Yard. “ate | > - 4 Trans acd- A*- 24 Philos 4 =~ H. [5 Be walt f. 4 icy EM a B I Philos. Transact ds. 247 ( 429 ) Numb3247. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. For the Montb 0; of December, 1698. | The CONTENTS. _ L Part of a Letter fromMr.Geoffroy,toDr.Sloane,, from Paris, 21 Dec. 1695. N.S. concerning the: Mineral Waters at St. Amand ear Tournay and Valenciennes. SomeExperiments.and Ob- fervations concerning Sounds. By Mr.Walker, — lateof BrafenNofe-College,Oxon Communica- ted by Dr.W. Mulgrave, Fell, Coll. Pbyf. aud: ^ R,S. III. Further Experiments about Freezing. : By Mr. Defmafters Comuunicated by Dr. Mul- . grave. LV. dn Account of a Stone bred at the Root of the Tongue, and caufing a Quinfre. Communi- .. «ated by Mr.Bonavert. V.Part of a Letter from: _ Dr.Mufgrave, Fell. Coll. Pbyf. and R. S. to Dr. Sloane ; concerning a Piece of Antiquity lately, found in Somerfetfhire. VI. 4 Letter wherein ss givenan Account of the Catalogues of Manur —— feripts lately Printed at Oxford. VELA further: |. Account of the Contents of the China Cabinet, mentioned laft Tranfattion, p. 390. By Hans. Sloane,M.D. V III. An Account of a Book, Ma-. Sf fee: Spe NNNM eee - "feo di Piante vare della Siczlia, Malta, Cor- fica, Italia, Piemonte e Germania, Gc. di Don Paolo Boccone, &e. with additional Re- marks by Mr.John Ray,F.R.S. TX. An Index to the Philofophical Tranfattions, from Numb. 236, to 247. inelufive. A. Part of a Letter from Mr.Geoffroy, to Dr.Sloane, from Paris, 2 1 Dec.1699. N.S. concerning the Mineral Waters at St. Amand wear Tournay and Valenciennes. Here has been found a Mineral Water called, St. Amauds- | Water, which has been very much in ufe the laft Sum- mer and Autumn, in all fortsof Sickneffes, rather for its No- »velty, than for its great and extraordinary Properties. —— Fifteen Years ago the Country-men began to feek fome Vertues in that Water, but fince the end of the laft War,they bave imputed to it the greateft Properties. — Moft fick Per- fons are willing to drink fome, thinking to fwallow in great Glaffes their Health with that Water. Abundance of People have been upon the Place for drinking it there, or for ba- thing in its. Mud, and others have been contented to bring fome to their Houfes to drink. nh. . The Curiofity of fome Perfons.has engaged me to make - fome Experiments upon that Water ; and hereis an. Account of the Mineral Fountain, of the Water's Quality, of the Ex-- perimentsupon it, and of che Vertuesthat they attribute to ir. “This Mineral Water is called Sz. Amand’s Water, becaufe its Spring is in che Land depending on the Abby of the fame Name, of the Order of St. Benedié?, in the Diocefe of Tournay — in Flanders, This Spring is ficuated Two Miles from that Ab- bey, Four Leagues from -Tournay, Three Leagues from Valen- ciennes ; but the Fountain is called particularly, La Foutaine dy bouillon, for the impetuous boyling of that Springing Water. . This Fountain is fituated in a hallow and Maríhy Ground T the Bafon of the Spring is Four hundred and fifty Foot fquare, there is in the bottom of that Bafon the Mud of Twenty | Foor L^ Cmm . Foot deep; beyond thatthey find the Sand, which fometimes is very moving,and at fome other times isvery firm.Very often’ this Fountain cafts up a great Quantity of Sand: and laft Year - in a little time it caft up more than Sixteen Cart Loads of ir, by the which all the Bafon was bordered, j Thereis to be found Three forts of Earth, the firft and fu. _ perficial is black, and burnsas Turf with the fame Smel!. The Second is white, and the Third has the fame Colour as the Slate. Thefe Two laft forts of Earth do give by Lixivizz, a Salt like Sal gemma. Pee This St. Zmand's- Water in its Spring is clear and luke warm, _- and appears much hotter at Night aad in the Morning, than the reft of the Day. It has the Smell and Tafte like ftanding Water. If it is expofed to the Air, it lofes its Smell and its Tafte in a fhort time. By that Facility to lofe its Tafte and Smell, one may judge that it has a Sulphur very volatile; and for that great volatility and fubtilty it is almoft impoffible to make any Experiments upon it. . Thefe are the Experiments that I have made upon the Wa- ter that has been brought to me. | - This Mineral Water has the fame Weight as the Sese Ri- ver-water. It altered not the Colour of Sirrup of Violets, nor the Tincure of 7zrze Sol, Lime Water, the Oy! of Tartar, the Volatile Spirit of Sal Armoniac and Harts Horn have whited that Water, and have made in it a light Coagulum. This Water, mixt with che Diffolution of Armeniack Salt, has not given any fmell. It has not alter'd the Infufion of Galls. Mingled with the Solution of Vitriol, has troubled it a little, and has given a greenifh Colour, andat length it precipitated a Yellow Powder. | - Acid Spirits have not fermented at firft with that Water, but afterwards it has made fome little Bubbles, which remain- - ed tothe fide of the Glaffes, wherein were contained the Li- -quors. T" have di'tilled five pints of that Water; the diftilled Wa- ter has not had any Tafte nor Smell, and it has not changed the Tin&ure of Zars[o], neither che Lime- Water... There re- mained from that Five Pints(or One hundred and fixty Oun- ces) Seventy Grains of Refidue ; the which, by Lixivium has ' given to me Fifty-five Grains of grey Earth, and Fifteen —— Grains of white Sale, almoft like Sal gemma. on 5 ne ~ : C432) The refidue of che evaporated Water put upon the burning Coals, has not caft any Smoak, neither has made any Detona- tion; the Spirit of Nitre pourd upon it, has very much fer- mented ; the Spirit of Wine has not extracted any Tincture from that refidue. . One may conclude by all thofe Experiments, that this Wa- ter has not any Acidity, it participates not of Vitriol nor of Alum ; and there is in it but a little Quantity of the white Earth, and lefs alfo of Salt very like Sea-Saltr. — They are the parts of Earth and Salt,which fhew themfelves P the Mixture of the Lime-Water, cc. of fixed or volatile Icalis, — They are che fame parts which begin that light Fermenta- . tion in che Mixture of Acid Spirits; but that Fermentation is imperfe& becaufe of che liccle Quantity of the Earth, which is drowned in fo great a Quantity of Liquor ; in effe& when the Water is evaporated, che Acid Spirits do ferment very much ' with the refidue. : : It appears by the Smell of tbat Water, that it contains a Sulphur very fubtle, which diffipates ics felf very eafily, and which is not fenfible in the Experiments. "Tis neverthelefs to be attributed to that Sulphur, the principal Effe&s which they do attribute to that Mineral Water, as of helping in the Palfy, (c. in other forts of Diftempers where the nervous Gender is attack’d, in Short-breath, and in all A ffeétions of the Lungs ; and of remedying many other Infirmities which are caufed by the fharp Ferments, the which are fweetned by that Wa- ter. For the other Properties of it, as of purging, of taking away Obftructions, of tempering the hot Intrals, Gc. it may have the fame Effe&ts with common Water being drunk abundantly. | One may drink many Glaffes of this Water beginning by Four, Six or Eight every Morning, and augmenting till © Twelve, Eighteen, Twenty or more, according as the Sto- | mech is able to {upport it. This Water paffes readily by Urine, and many Perfons are purg’d by it. Sometimes one may mix with it fome Diuretick Salt, to make it pafs more freely, _ and for rendering it more de-obítru&ive. Ac other . times one may put fome Manna or other things for | making it more purgative. One may wafh alfo in the Mud jf _ of that Fountain, according to neceffity. x. ; | : IL Some Cio 1I. Some Experiments and Obfervations conceru- ing Sounds. By Mr. Walker, late of Brazen- Nofe-College, Oxon. Communicated by Dr. W. Mulgrave, Fell. Coll. Pbyf. and R, S. ‘JNtending to try the Swiftnefs of Sounds, I provided I a Pendulum which had Two Vibrations in 1" of Time ; this I carefully adjufted at aWatch-maker's ; 1t was a Piece of {mall Virginal Wire with a Piftol Bullet at the end of it, the Length of it was 9 & Inches to the middle of the Bullet : I firít made it about à, of an Inch longer, — viz. iof the length of a Pendulum that vibrates 245, but found it too flow, which I expected, becaufe Mer- fennus tells us, [Harm. Usiv, J. 2. pro. 26.) that Two — Pendulums had their Vibrations one twice as quick as the — - other, whereas one was 2 Foot, the other 8: Foot con- — *trary to what Galz/eo demonftrates would happen if the — . Air did not hinder ; who proves that Pendulums of dif- — ferent lengths [would ze Vacuo] have the times of their — Vibrations in fub-duplicate Proportion to their lengths. _ > 1 took this Pendulum, and ftanding over againft a — high Wall 1 clapt Two {mall pieces of Boards together, _ and obferved how long it was e’re the Echo return'd, and — T removed my Station till I found the Place whither the |^ Echo return'd in about half a Second. But that I might di- | ftinguifh the time more nicely, I clapt every Second of | — "Time Ten or Fifteen times together; ío that by this | —— Means i could the better difcover whether the Diftances | betwixt the Claps and the Echoes, and the following |. Claps were equal. And though it be very difficult to be |. exact, yet I could come within fome few Yards of the | Place I fought for, thus: I obferved ‘the Two Places | — where I could but juft difcover that I was too near, and ae | Ttt where | ( 434 ) Ee where T was-toofar-off ; and from the Mid-way betwixt them meafured to. the Wall, which Meafure doubled, was the Space that the Sound moved in half a Second. ' Here follow the Numbers of Englifh Feet hath a Sound moved in one Second of time at feveral Trials. LM Feet. : Peet, I. 147. 9. 1292 Merfennus i "M 10. 159: Florentine Exper. 3. 1149 LI. 1292. Mr. Boyie’s above 4.. 1200 I2. 1185 $. L256. - 13/1278 6. 1507 I4. I290 7. 15216 15. I200 A Ss ok pA eo | E itn bie added Four other Mamberss Two of hein — Merfennus mentions, but the firft is that which he relies” upon, being the Refult’ of many Experiments that he . tried; he {peaks of it in his BaZff. prop. 39. and elfe- _ where. The Second is grounded upon an Experiment _. which he did not try himfelf, and he queftions whether the Obfervation were accurate : He fays, the Sound of a great Canon, which was heard in the Night 11” after firing, pafled every Second 1920 French Foot [Tom. 3. pa. 163.] The Third you have in the Book of the Flo- — rentine Experiments: The Academy del Cimento caufed Six Harquebuffes and Six Chambers to be fired one after - another at the Diftance of 5739 Englifh Feet, and from the Flath to the: Arrival of the Report of each was 5": And repeating the Experiment at thc mid-way, the -— tion was exactly i in half the time. The]. é (435 ) | Ü ‘The Fourth Mr. Boyle mentions in his Eflay of Lan- guid Motion, pa. 24. where he fays, he has more than once diligently obferved, that the Motion of Sound paífes above 400 Yards in 1^. | The reft of the Numbers are collected from Experi- ments which I tried ia {everal Places. When the Fifth ‘was tried there was fome Wind ftirring, though not much. The Sixth, Seventh and Tenth were tried in a clear calm Morning : The Sixth and Seventh were tried in Two places in St. Jobs Grove. | The Twelfth Experiment was tried Two ftveral Mornings, the Place where I ftood was about 395 Yards from the Wall, and the Echo returned in 2". The Thir- teenth was tried at the Diftance of 213 Yards from the . fame Wall. And the Fourteenth another Morning at 215 Yards Diftance fromit ; in each of them the Sound — was reflected in 1". The Eighth Experiment was tried in St. obw s-Cloifler ; — and the Fifteenth in New-Co/Zege-Cloiffer,where the Sound was toffed from one end to another, forward and back again feveral times, like that which Merfesaus obferved at Milan, where he thinks his Voyce was refle&ed thus at leaft Ten times, (Reflex, ch. 20. p. 164.) In St. Fobn’s- — Cloifler, which is 104 Foot and 7 Inches long, 1 ftood . at one end, and the Sound was repeated r1 times in 2”. On the North fide of New-CoZege-Cloifler, which is 160 Foot and 8 Inches long, 1 ftood at one end anda Clap was tepeated 8 times ina little more than 2" ; I guefs there _ were 72 Echoes in 2". From the Number of Echoes here in 2", I computed the Swiftnefs of the Sound. - _ Merfennus aad the Academy del Cimento conclude, That Sounds are all of the fame Quickaefs, whether they be great or fmall, and whatever Temper the Air is of, though Merfennus was once of another Mind: But — — Kircher, from feveral Experiments, infers, That loud Tet 2 : Sounds . is the Undulation fwifter : Though Gaffendus had before - ( 436 ) Sounds move quicker than little ones, [Phov. fa. 14.] Dr.'P/ot alfo tells us, the Echo returned the Sound of a Piftol much quicker than a Voice; and that it repeated more Syllables in the Night than in the Day, [Oxf. ga. 7.] whence it follows that the Sound moved flower in the Night than in the Day. | &ircber fays, that an Echo which in the Night repeated Fourteen Syllables, repeat- ed but Seven of them in the Day, [Mufurg. li. 9. pa.2.44-] which feems very odd. Becaufe there feems to be Ío great Affinity betwixt the Undulation of Water, and the Propagation of Sound, therefore the Academy del Cimento tried fome Experiments about the firft; and they tell us, thatthe larger the Stone is which is thrown into the Water, and the greater the Force, by fo much affirmed, that the Undulations of Water are all equally fwift. And I have often obferved, that when a Stone has been thrown ‘into the Water, the further the Undu- —. ations removed from the Center, the greater was the Diftance from one another, even of thofe that rolled the fame way : So that the Motion of each precedent Undu- 3 lation was quicker than that which followed it.- If this ~~ may be allowed for any Argument, it. makes for Kir. *«ber's Opinion. E By fomeof thofe Experiments that I tried, I am incli- B ned to think, that the Sound moved quicker whenitwas .. Calm, than in a Wind, even when the Sound moved. half way with the Wind. Some other Experimentsfeem'd _ . to me to confirm an Opinion of Kircher’s, who fays, That - a Sound moves fwifter at firft than afterward, as is. s ufüal N another violent Motions; = — ^. * UT There is feldom any Echo, where there is not - fortis 3 Wall, Wood, Bank, or fuch like, directly oppofite, that. may reflect the Sound tothe Perfon that makes it; but . in 57. Foln's-Grove, if you ftand near the. Gate leading uk from F C 437 ) EUN the College to the Grove, and clap, the Echo will return to you from the Ba/ Court, though a Line drawn from you to the BaZ-Ceurt be not perpendicular to the Wall there, but as much oblique as the Line 4B in Fzz.r is to the Line BC; where A reprefents the Gate, BC the Bal-Court-Wall, and BD another Wall. Or if you ftand at E the Corner of the Grove next to 7 rinity, and clap, the Echo will return to you from the BaZ-Court. In the fame Grove! ftood about Twenty Yards from ^ the fame Gate, and the Gate being fhut, I clapt, aad at . other times ftamped, and the Echo returned from the Gate as loud, if not louder, than the Clap or Stamp. - An Echo refle@ed from a Gate or Door has ufually a bafer and duller Sound than that which is returned from - a Wall, this being much brisker. - As I have been walking towards a Wall, I have clap- ed my Hands together feveral times, and I could diftin- - guiih the Echo irom the Clap, till I came within Seven or Eight Yards of the Wall. - IntheCloifiers, where, as was {aid before, the Echo - Was repeated feveral times, the firft Repetition feemed to _ be flower than the fecond or the third; but of all che Re- ; petitions,. befides the firft, the fübíequent feemed flower - than the precedent. - I have obferved the Toffing of a Sound forward and "back again, in very many Places where there are paral- - kel Walls; and where the Diftance of the Walls is lefs, there the Echoes follow one another quicker. E: Wherefoever a Sound was thus tofied betwixt Two | Walls alls, if 1ftood about the micdle, I could hear the Sound : wice as quick, that is, twice as often repeated in 1^, as iff ftood near one Wall ; the Sound being refle@ted to Me from both ends, when I ftood in the middle. = X- , | i 3 I z * 4 : : n H : | I ( 438 ) In Zrinity Ball Court, which is reprefented by Fig. 2. when I ftood and claptat B, Three or Four Yards from the end of the Wall C, or at 4, which is oppofite to B, ' the Sound was tofled betwixt the oppofite Walls; but not half fo long time as when | ftood betwixt the Walls. In Places where there are parallel Walls, not above Six or Eight Yards afunder, asin Zrénity Bal-Coart, and at the Entrance into St. Fobn’s-Grove, &c. 1 have heard the " Echoes of a Clap following one another diftin&tly enough ; but there the Echoes of a Mufical Note, which was lon- _gerthana Clap, were fo-confufed, that they feemed one continued long Sound: which makes me think, that the . Echo in fome Vaults, is nothing elfe but the Sound tof- fed betwixt the Side-Walls, and betwixt the Top and - Bottom. This alfo makes me conjecture, that the Rea- fon why Stringed Mufical Inftruments give a greater and longer Sound tothe Strings, than if the Strings were fixe — toa fingle Board, may be this; becaufe the Sound is _ .toffed from Side to Side in the Belly of ‘the Inftrument. - (4999) Il. F urtber Expetiments about F reex,ing. By : M. Delmafters. Cowweunicated by Dr. Muf- grave. | | N the Account given Numb. 245. p. 384. concern: | ing the Expaafien cf Water by Freezing, the Water - then made uíe of in thefe Tryals, was, a fort of rough . Pump-Water ; which, according to what Tryals have - been made with it, does, upon the effufion of Oy] of Tar- tar per deliquium, immediately turn milky. and turbid: - and confidering the Ice made of this Water was a fort of : very rarefied white. Ice, I was thereby inclined to try - whether River Water, which would readily mix with . upon freezing be expanded to the height of the Pump. - Water, above-mentioned. : In order to which, I filled a Glafs Tube, of almoft an: : ! Inch Diameter, with River-Water to the height of Six « Inches (as I had done in the former Tryal) and putting . it to freeze in a Mixture of Snow and Salt, it gained but ~ ; of an Inch after it was frozen, whereasthe Pump: Wa- - |. ter got $ of an Inch. NM | I obferved that while the River- Water was freezing, :. | Bubbles rofe from the bottom of the Tube much at the = fame rate asin the freezing of Pump-Water. 4 |. Ilikewife took boyled Pump-Water, and having filled: » | a Tube withit to theheight of Six Inches, and fet it to - | freeze as before, it rofe hardly to ¢ of an Inch above the - — Mark; when as the fame Water un-boyl'd rofe 3. _ CN A mx. Oy! of Tartar without the leaft precipitation, would : C449). E og IV. Aw Account of a Stone bred at the Root of the Tongue, and caufing a Quinfte. Communi- - cated by Mr. Bonavert. ! b is E Stone Fig.3. came from Ze. Weod of Nepe- — - care-ftreet in Wrotham, he was troubled with a Quinfie, he neglected Advice till he could hardly fwal- low any Liquid ;' and when I went to fee him, I found .the Tumour tend to Suppuration inwardly about the Root of his Tongue on the Right Side, though it was almoft as big as an. Egg outwardly; but without any- Sign of Suppuration there: Wherefore I ordered him. Maturating Gargles; and the next Day fent my Man, and bid him advife him to endeavour to break it with his Finger, which the Man effected, and brought out of his Mouth near the Quantity of a quarter of a Pint of Matter, and with it at laft the Stone ; he had likewife a Ranula, and before he had broke the Tumour, and fpit out the Corruption he could hardly fpeak. I believe | this Stone to be of the fame Nature as thofe generated — in the Kidneys and Bladder. Panpidsr EN - he Weight of this Stone in Airis 7 gr. The Weight ' of tbe fame in Water is 355 and its fpecifick — — Weight compar d with Water is near as X 3; ; to one. - * » | V. Part | | — Exon, Dec.10. 1698. (441 ) V. Part of a Leiter from Dr. Mufgrave, Fellow of the College of Pbyficians and R. S. _ to Dr. Sloane ; concerning a Piece of Antiquis ty lately found ia Somerfetíhire. ] Enclofe, to you, the Figure (fee fig. 4.) of a curi- ous piece of Antiquity, lately found near Affelney in Somerfetfhire; the Place where King A/fred built, as Milton affirms, a Fortrefs: But according to Wzl/zam of | Malmstury, a Monaflery ; in Memory (as fome have . thought) of his Deliverance, obícure Retreat to that Place, and Concealment in it, from the Danes. The Subftance 1s in the Poffeffion of Col. P. of Fazr- feild in the fame County ; by whofe, Permiffion, I had the Sight of it. "Tis of the fame Length and Breadth with tne Figure: the Work very fine; fo as to make fome Men queftion its true Age: But in all probability, it did belong to that great King, it is fo well reprefented in the Figure, that a fhort Defcription will fuffice. The Edge is thin, as far as the Letters. The Letters are on a Plane rifing obliquely. All within the inner Pyramidal Line is on a Plane equi-diftant from the Ree |. verfe. The Reprefentation (in that upper Plane) feems to be of fome Períon ina Chair. It isin Enamel, cover’d | over with a Cryftal ; which is fecured in its place by — the little Leaves coming over its Edges. In the Reverfe are Flowers engraved. The whole piece may be of the Weight of Three Guineas. The Chryftal and Enamel excepted, it is all of pure Gold. | This, perhaps, was an Amulet of King Z/fred's. Vvv VL 4 WU CAR) | VI. 4 Letter IMPER i given an Pe of the Catalogues of Manufcripts ia Printed at Oxford. » | SIR, ner nlt AS ideo to your Defire, I will procure. you one of the Cataloguesof Manufcripts, which is prized by the Delegates of our Prefs, at One Pound Two Shillings. By my readinefs in this little Affair, I would that you fhould guefs how much I am devoted. to your Service ; and as another Inftance of an entire Obedience to all that you require, I have here fent you my Judgment of the . Work it felf, which (without any Complement) none but fhould have forced from me. I know. my own Inabilities too well, to be forward in | medling with any thing out of my way and above my © reach : yet when - tells me, with his ufual Sweet- - nels, That he would willingly be oblig’d to me for my Opi- mion of the Book, of the Value and OJe whereof be defires — to be informd, in order to make a right Eftimation of it, — I at length prevail'd with my felf, fora time; to puta — 2h ftopto thofe Studies I was engaged i in, and which, Lmuft — 21 needs fay, were more agreeable to my Taclination ; and | have perus'd not only this, but feveral other. Catalogues E of Manufcripts, my Thoughts upon all which, E prefent | - you with: Not that I am fo vain as to (üppofe the Cha-- 4 racter of this prefent Catalogue. now before me, willrife — } or fink for any thing I can fay; but that I might Con. | vince —-——— that all his Defires, with, me,” have the 3 Place of Commands. ^ ^ P Ld But . (C443 2 | But in order to make fuch a Judgment, it will not be . amifsto turn over this Catalogue a little, enquiring whe- ther the Books themfelves are of fuch Value as to coun- tervail fo, much Trouble and Charge; and in the next . place, whether the Defcriptions we here find, do repre- fent them fairly and give us a fitting Notion of them or not. Hs ea / . The Catalogue confifts (as you will find) of Two . Tomes: The Firft of which takes in the Maaufcripts in the Bodleian, Saviliae and Afbmolean Libraries, which belong to the Univerfity in general, in Part I. andthe Manufcripts in moft of our College-Libraries in Part II. | with thofe of the Libraries of the Univerfity of Cam. | bridge in Part lil. The Second Tome gives in Part I. |. Catalogues of the Manufcripts in the Libraries of many | of the Cathedral Churches, and of {everal of the Nobili- | | ty and Gentry: and in Part [I. are fome Catalogues of | the Manufcripts in (ome Libraries of Zreland : each of | which feveral Parts has its peculiar Index. . 1 don't here | infift upon Dr. Smith's Catalogue of the Cotton Library, | which though it be printed in the fame Paper with this, | and may be bound up together with it; yet it was pub- | lith’d fome time fince, continues to be fold di(tin&ly by | it felf, and, as I conceive, was not intended by your Letters 3 RUN M es ids | At the beginning of the Book is prefix'd an Epiftle. | concerning the Nature and Ufe of it (to which I might (well refer you, without giving you, or my felf any — ' ‘further Trouble) which is followed by a Preface which — ' J endeavours to excufe fome Faults. which nice People find in fome of the Catalogues; and acquaints us with the ‘Method which was taken in compofing the Indexes, with a Lift of all the Catalogues comprehended in the whole. ‘Then comes the Life of Sir Thomas Bodley, the Magni- bes EP M VV ficent Li e | ^oc RAM ficent Founder of our Publick Library, with the Hiftory . of it, and an Account of its chief Benefactors, the Heads of whom are engraven on Copper -Plates, here, and at the Front of the Book to be feen. | The firft Catalogue is that of thofe Greek Manuícripts which once belong’d to Sigsior Francefco Bareccio a Ve= netian Gentleman, which were high'y valued in /taly, and by a fingular Providence brought over into England, and by the Perfuafions of Archbifbop Laud, were bought by the old Earl of Pembroke, aad. pre(ented to our Uni- verfity. Thefe Books have been. oftentimes celebrated by many Authors of Note, unto whom they have been highly Serviceable : And what Reputation they were in at the beginning, you may read in Archbifhop Ufker’s Letters, pag. 400. where you have that moft learned. Primates Opinion of them, and pag. 406. where, fays Sir Henry Bourgcbier (who was atterwards Earl of Bath) Dr. Lindíell, sow Dean of Lichfield, tells me, that it (the Parcel of Barocian Manulcripts) à a great Treafure, far exceeding the Catalogue; that there are a great number of | excellent Trails of the Greek Fathers, never yet publifhed ;. befides divers ancient Hiftorians and Geographers; and particularly that there is as much of Chrytoftom, as wit make a Volume equal to any of thefe publiff'd by Sir Henry Savil, And indeed, they have been conftantly efteemed: as the moft noble Parcel of Greek Books, that were ever yet reposd in any Englé/h Library. EE EA The Manufcripts or Sir Zbomas Roe, which he brought over with him from the Eaft; and thofe given by O/zver . Cromwell have as good a Character, confidering their Numbers:. Thofe of Cromwell's being accounted as the remaining part of the Barocctan Library ; for fomethink. | that the Earl did not give the whole, but that he thought fit to detain thofe which were afterwards given by Cromwell. JE | After. ( 445 ) | | After thefe, comes a Catalogue of the Manuferipts of Archbifhop Laud, in Number One Thoufand Three Hundred, which he gave the Univerfity at Three or Four Donations, befides what he gave to St. obw s. Co/- lege in Oxon, and what he further intended us, had he not been prevented by the Iniquity of thofe times. The Manufcripts (as Dr. Langbain usd to fay) are fufficient to make a large Library of themfelves, and are written in thefe Languages, viz. Hebrew, Syriac, Chaldee, Ai~ thiopic, Armenian, Arabic (as well African as Aftatic) Perfian, Turkifh, Chinefe, Taponefe, Malayan, Malabaric, | Ruffian, Greek (as well inthe Vulgar Greek as the Schola- flic) Latin, Italian, German, Bobemian, Irifb, Anglo- Saxon, Englifb, and. one Book there is of the Azerogly- phicks of Mexico, as there are feveral others in other — parts of the Library. What immeníc Charges muft we- think this Prelate was put to, to fend Meflengers on pur- pofe, to almoft all parts of the World, and there to buy . up fomany of their choiceft Monuments? What noble. __ Copies do we find here of the facred Books, Fathers, Hi- ftrorians, Poets, Orators, Philofophers, Phy fittans, Mathe- matitians, and what not > Thisgreat Variety of Langua- ges made me ask the Library-Keepers what other Lan-- guages they had Manulcripts of in the Library, which. were not enumerated among thofe given by Archbifhop. Laud >» They replied that there were Thoufands of Mae nufcripts which were in the fame Languages with that: Prelates Books; befides which, they fhewed me Books. “written in the Samaritan, Mendaau, Coptic or ZEgyptiam: Siamefe, Peguan, Indoftan, Sanfcreet, Tylingam, Ceylonis an, Tartariam, Spanifh, Portuguefe, Britifh, Franctc, Fri- flan, Gothic, and Iflaedic; they added farther, that be- .. fides thefe, they knew. not but. fome might: be for-- gotten; After: ee 446 ) | After thefe, follow the Manufcripts of Sir Kenelm Dig- £y, which are chiefly Mathematical, though thére be ma- . ny other valuable Books among them on other Subjects. - They are ;almoft all of them uniformly bound up, with . his Goat ftampd on the Covers, as the better part of Archbifhop Laud’s are likewife. ^ — "M ‘3 Then comes a great Number of other Manufcripts, given by very many particular Perfons,and now inícrib'd to Sir Zbomas Bodley, the promifing Titles of which, you may very agreeably entertain your felf with, till youcometo minh. ^ | The Manufcripts of Mr. Job» Selden, that is his Ma- - nufcripts in trte Greek and Oriental Languages, with fome others of his Ancient Books: For I have been told, _ that the Univerfity never received his Lam Manufcriprs, . nor his Leiger and other Books concerning the Englifh - . "Monafleries; oi buat os v UE DIBISER EIU M Next to thefe, come in order the Books which are (aid to be in ZZyperoo: Bodleiano ; the chief Parcels whereof are thefe : 1. Thoíegiven by Dr. ZZustington. 2. Thofe. bought by the’ Univerfity of Mr. Greaves. ^3. ‘The Collections of Dr. Richard James, bought by the Uni- verfity after his Death, which are more particularly ac- - counted for afterwards. 4. Thofe given by the Lord - Fairfax, amongft whichare the Collections of Mr. DoZf- — worth, of which more anon. And 5. Thofe bought by - the Univerfity out of the Library of the Lord ZZarton, amongfít all which, are many. Books of yery great Value. it Bue oae | - As for Mr. Dodfworth’s Colleétions, they make One Hundred and Sixty Volumes,written with hisown Hand, and they contain a vaft Treafure of Antiquities of all forts, relating to our Exglife Hiftory, and are continually ufed by the Lovers of it. ‘Thefe Books are the moft prodi- — gious Specimen of a fingle Perfon's unwearied Indus, \ sees | that 0447) / that I ever yet faw ; and it almoft amazes and fhames me, when I reflet upon fo many Books written by the . Hand of one Man, moft of them in Folio, and the reft in:Quarto: And atthe fame time, Ican'tbut havea Ve- neration for his Memory, fince all this Pains was taken in the midít of Diícouragements ; and for that he conti- . pued:to his Life's end in amaffing ‘and heaping up toge- ther fuch. Memoirs and Notices of things, as otherwife we fhould have been, for the moft part, utterly ignorant - of Next to thefe, in the Catalogue," follows a more exact Account of 25] oua io T The Collections of Mr.’ John Leland, written all with his own Hand, who wasas indefatigable as Mr. Dod/worth, and fo continued whilft he was himfelf. His Defiga in: thefe Colle&ions, and others which are loft, or exittent: in other Places, 'was to fet our England in its true Light, "as may more largely appear by his. New-Tears.Gift to King Henry VIII. which | remember to have formerly: read in Mr. Weaver's Funeral Monuments. But though . meither Mr. Leland. nor Mr. Dodfworth lived to digef: their Collections, yet they have been and ftill are ear- — neftly enquired after, and diligently perus’d by thofe: that cultivate the Hiftory of Ezg/as ; though fome have |. been fo difingenuous as to conceal the Names of theie- _ Men, :te whom they have been indebted for many a fair’ Remark. 1n holy ol em " _. The next Parcel of Books are thofe of an equally indu-- | ftrious Foreigner, the late learned Mr. Francis Funius, the | chief Promoter of the Saxo» Learning whilft he lived, as: the Reverend Dr. ZZ;c£es is now. Thele Books Mr. Fu-- | -wius bequeathed to the Univerfity at his Death, all of | them appertaining to the Septestrional: Languages. Some: | of thefe are the old Manuicripts themfelves, others are: - "Copies of the moft confiderable Saxon Manufcripts in the | Cotton Library, Sc. accurately tranfcrib'd by himfelf;: LOCOSE . Of: | (448). -er elfe his own Works, almoft ready for the Prefs; or laftly, fome curious printed Books, with his written Notes and Amendments. — ; Then follow the Papers of Zfaac Cafaubon, the Adver- faria of Dr. Langbain, late Provoft of Queens-College, Oxon, both in their own Hands. And afterwards a Ca- talogue of part of the Manufcripts bequeathed to the Uni- verfity by Dr. Marefchal, late Rector of Lincoln-College, the remaining part of them being defcribed pag. 373. Now comes the Titles of the Oriental Manuícripts of the learned Dr. Pocock, late Regius Profeflor of Hebrew ia this Uaiverfity, which the Univerfity bought of his Widow. Anda Catalogue of the Manufcripts of Dr. ZZun- tington, which the Univerfity bought of him fince his Re- turn from the Eaft. As allo thofe Books which the Uni- verfity bought of Dr. Hyde : Which Three Parcels con- taining in them many Books of an extraordinary Price and Value, join'd to what was in the Library before, and has come in fince, furnifh any Scholar with füfficient Helps to purfue his own Studies in moft of their ges. For my own part, Sir, I confefs, I am not skill'd this Way; nor will my neceflary Affairs permit me to lay out fuch a Portion of my Time amidít thefe Books, as [ might do, were my Circumftances otherwife than they are. But thofe who live more eafily, and have Lei- fure, if they fo pleasd, might foon find Authors fuitable to their own Genius, which they might Study with great Advantage. For if the 0/4 Zeffament be fit to be read in the Original, and in thofe Tongues that approach neareft to the Original, and thofe Sages who from time — to time have taken pains to illuftrate it: If Euclid, Arie — frotle, Hero, Apollonius Pergeus, and others of the Ane cients, part of whofe Writings ftill remain to us tranfla- ted into Arabic, though the Original Greek be loft; if thefe, I fay, fhall be accounted worthy to be read and ME HUS publifh- ^ | ( 449 ) publifhed : If the Works of St. Ephraim Syrus, and ma-- ny other Fathers and Ecclefiaftical Writers, who are ftill locked up in the Eaftern Languages, fhali be thought ufe- ful to Divines: In a Word, if the Philofophy, Poetry, Phar- macy, Laws, Religion, Fiftory, Policy, Mathematicks, Mechanicks, or any other part of ufeful Learning, which has flourifh’d fo long inthe £ajZ, may be thought worth enquiring into ; then, I think, thefe Books ets to be confulted. Nor is the Way to them fo difficult as fome may imagine, fince there is fo great Plenty among them of excellent Grammarians and Lexicographers, and divers Books already tobe had, which are printed with a Latzx Verfion, and moft of the Manufceripts are written better than they can be printed, and fome with the utmoft ex- actnefs, and with Pictures in glorious Colours, whichil- luftrate and adorn their Books, as Prints do ours. I beg your Pardon, Sir, for this Digreffi on, which I could not well forbear, in regard the Oréental Learning is not much cried up here, and becaufe it has been my good . Fortune to fee many of thefe Books in Libraries, which feem to promife fo much, and a had almoft fid) are re» . ,gatded fo little. — - After thefe, we have an Account of the Manufcripts - which Dr. Barlow, the late Lord Bifhop of Lincoln, be- queathed by Will to the Library; which is followed by the Particulars of the Manufcripts left by Sit Wiliam: Dugdale to the Ajhmolean Mujeum, moftly written with. Gon own Hand. "Ehefe. are followed with a Catalogue of the Manu-- Sim given by Sir Hexry Savil; an Account of fome Mathematical Inftruments belonging to the Geometry. School, and a Catalogue of the printed Books there, be= ing all Mathematical, which Catalogue was never before 3 made Publick. N xx. Then: om AU uod am NS Then comes a Catalogue of the Manufcripts, in the Afbmolean Library, which are ranged under the follow- ing Heads, as, Grammatici, Rbetorici, Mufici, Geometra, Aftrologici, Poemata, de Re Antiquaria, de Re Heraldi- ca, Hifloricz, Vite, Hiftorie Naturali, Chimici, Medi- ci, Anatomici, Chirurgict, Furidici, Politici, Orationes, Geographice, T beologici, Magici, Prophetici, Fatidici, Mif- cellanei,, Mecbanici, © Epiftole ; withan Appendix, and an Account of the Manulcripts left to the Univerfity by the late famous Antiquary, Mr, Anthony à Wood ; which are alfo laid up in the fame Af/bmolean Mufeum. | Lattly, comes the Titles of thofe Manufcripts which the Univerfity bought of the fame Mr. 2 Wood ; and of . thofe left to the Publick Library by Dr. FeZ the late Lord Bifhop of Oxford, and fome others. Thefe Manutcripts being between Eight and Nine Thoufand in Number, — ‘make up the Firit Part of the Firft Tome, which is fhut up with every Author's Name, or Tra&, Cc. in the foregoing Catalogues. The Library-Keepers have told me, that fince this Catalogue was printed off, the | . Univerfity has bought all the Papers, Manufcripts, and | Books collated with Manufcripts, (9c. which were in the Library ofthelate learned Dr. Edward Bernard, and that {ome other Manufcripts have come in alfo, by the Ge- nerofity of late Benefactors. vay | Sir, Ta. this Account of the Catalogue, I have purpofe- ly wav'd the defcribing of any particular Book ; Becaufé if I fhould ealarge upon fome which might p'eafe me,and I might think curious ;- yet I fhould: certainly run over many, as confiderable in other Refpects, which would be an Injury to them: And if 1 fhould take in all the eminent ones, tbis Letter would fwell into a Volume, and would be.rather a Catalogue than an Epiftle. I am afraid, Sir, I have impos'd upon your Patience already, ~ but to make fome amends, 1 will be more brief as to the remaining parts. OU CAPE eer ^ . ay: ( 451) The Second part of the Firft Tome, as I told you be- fore, confifts of the Manufcriptsin mof of the Libraries of. the Oxford. Colleges, in this Order 1 Univerfity-College, in w hich are. Manufcripts — — 165 2 Baliol-College — 25 319 3 Merton-College 349. 4 Exeter-College - 52 —§ Oriel-College | 22 - 6 Queens- College a 40 7. New-College | 335. -8' Lincola-College irj 9 All Seuis- College 50. 10 Brafen-Nofe-College ——— 16. 1I Corpus Chrifiz-College — 231: 12 St. Tobu's- College 199. 13 Trinity College MANI po: 14 -Jefus- College 10 ry Magdalen-College — 12593 Omitted ia Merton-College I Omitted in Corpus Chriftz- i College 7 Given to Queens-College by. Bi- | fhop Barlow X06 — ..-16 Magdalen-Hall a I2 '* 35 Wadham College 3 I4. Omitted in Cuzverfity-.College 1g Omitted in Al/ Souls-College- 16 | t - Given lately to Liscola-College, . | Mu Sir. G. Wheeler 76 : In all 2640. : _ And thefe, Except the Appendix, have their owa Ins - , - dex, like. the Firft Part. XXX 2 In: C) - In the Third utt ‘af the Firft Tome, we have as good an Account of the Cambridge Manufcripts, as could be gotten; thatis, of the Manufcripts in I Emanuel. College,in Number 1 37 taken by Mr.Barnes, 2 Trinity-College $63 Mr. Laughton. 3 Sidney Suffex College 76 Mr. Craven, 4 Gonvile and Caius College 580 | 5 Bennets or Corpus Chrifti- — Dr. James, A.D. College 395 ^. "w 1600. 6 Peter-houfe-College — ' 268 Dr. $ames. 7 Pembroke-Hall | 238 Dr. Fames. 8 Fefus-College | 9 Dr. James. 9 King’s-College — LOJA wit Eie amnes. 10 Trinity-Hall | 7. . Dr. james. iri The Publick Library ji co 3 2293 Feeney, Which Catdlogties with their wrt, make up the Third-and laft part of the "m Tome. - The Second Tome, as T have faid, voliidehende the @ Libraries of Many of our Cathedral Churches, Noblemen, Gentlemen, &c. the chiefeft of which I will reckon up, as they lyein the Catalogue. — "The Cathedral Churches are thofe of Tork, v Duniiini | Carlifle, Worcefter, Salisbury, Winchefter, Lichfield, He-- reford, Exeter, Wells and Canterbury. E Other Libraries belonging to Publick Places, herede. — {cribed, are thofe of Wéeflminffer-Church, Wzscbefler- — College, Coventre-School, Briffol, Grays- In, Eaton-Cor _ FEM 3 | ( 453.) lege, Grefbam-College, Shrewsbury, Liucolus-Ium, Sios- College, Manchefter-Library, with Directions to the Ma- nofcripts inthe Heralds Office, and to the Recotds in the Jower. | ya’ SIE DOW Ss - The Manufcripts of the Nodz/ity, are thofe of the Earl of Carlile, the Earl of Denbigh, the Lord Vifceunt Lon- . guevile, the Earl of Peterborough, the Earl of Derby, the Lord Bifbop of Norwich, and the Earl of Kent. The largeft Catalogues of the Gewrry, are thofe of Sir William Glynne, Dr. Plott, Sir Thomas Wagftaffe, Mr. Leneve, Dr. Francis Bernard, Mr. Evelyn, Mr Seller, Sir Foln Fioby, Dr. Fobnfton, Mr. Bromley, Mr. Oufley, Mr. Chetwynd, Dr.Tyfon, Dr Browne, Sir Henry St. George, Dr. Gale, Mr. Theyer, Mr. Pepys, Mr.Worfley, Sir Ed- ward Norwich, Sir Henry Langley, Mr. Tones, Dr. Todd, Dr. Edward Bernard, which laft are now all in the Bod- leian Library, Mr. Thoresby, Mr. Burfcough, Mri Brother- ton, Dr. Sloane, Mr. Coufin, Sir George Wheeler, which he has fince generoufly given to Lincoly-College,Mr.Far- mer and Sir Symonds D’Ewes, All which have appeard Patronsto, and Encouragers of this Work, befides whom, . and others of lefs Note, here is exhibited a Catalogue ot the Manufcripts in his Majefty's Library at S7. Fames’s, which I ought to have mentioned in the firft Place ; and one Foreign Catalogue which is that of 7/aec Vofius, whofe Manufcripts are now at Leydex in Holland. The Books being good ones, and the Catalogue being hither- to, often enquir'd for, I am well fatisfied to (ce it here, tho' the Books were füffered to go out of the Kingdom. This part likewife has its Index. — The laft part of the Book, that is, the Second Part of the Second Torne, gives us the Catalogues of Jreland, viz. of the Earl of Clarendon, who, though he be an Exglifh Peer, yet the Books are Jrifh, and were brought from Zrelaud. Thenext is that of the College of Dadizz, ^ then : (454, ) : | then that of the Lord Archbifhop of. Dublin, with the: Titles. of thofe Oriental. Manufcripts, -wbich he lately; bought out of the Library of Faccbus.Golius, and laftly. of Dr. Madden; which laft Part, as all the reft, has. its particular Index; and by this means, each part may be - bound up by. its felf, and. interleav'd. Yan — | can't believe that any body will now deny, that the... Books themíclves .( whereof thefe Catalogues give you. — the Titles.) are extant in thofe Publick or Private Li- braries.to which you,are referred: AtJeaft, whenany., Book here íaid to be in\any Library in this Univerfity, is defired, recourfe is had to it immediately, and I doubt. not but. that the fame fairnefs has gone through the whole, D this be granted that we-have-fuch Books in the King- dom, as we. pretend to.have ; I.make-no queftion but. their Value will be eafily allowed, fince there is nothing, required in .a Book to enliance its. Price, but what runs. pleatifülly «brough this Collection. . VC | Books. (I: mean Manufcripts) are-ufually valüed and had in Eftimation, cither in regard of their great Age, the. Language they are, written in, their Beauty, or for their. Rarity: Upon all which. Accounts, I look upon our Englifb: Libraries. and confequently upon -theíe Cata- logues to be very confiderable. |... tig Af Antiquity at any time prefers one Manufcript-or one Gopy of the fame Author before another ; there are.fe- -veral mentioned here, of as great Age, as thoíe we meet with in Libraries abroad : And indeed. I muft always pre- fer. the moft scient. and: accurate Copies of all ancient: Authors, whether they be Sacred or Propbase ; and with- out the help.of-fuch,. we fhould. never have had a cor- _ re& Text of many of, them: and by their Affiftance; “many. obfcure. Places:are every,.Day, and will ftill be amendets.s yw bos Name od x i | Nor. | | | a C45$) | - Nor is the Lazguage wherein Manufcripts are written, -- lefsto be look'd upon ; I mean the Orzgiza/ in refpect of Zrauflations. ’Tis well known, that the Gree& Phyfitians, Matheinatitians, Philofopbers, &c. which made up the |. greateft part of the Learning of the middle and the follow. - ing Ages, were not ftudied in the Original, but only in a corrupt Latin Verfion of the Arabic ufed by the Moors in Spain, which Arabick, was tranflated from the Greek by the Saracens. So that receiving their Learning at the third Haad, "tis no wonder they could not comprehend the true Sence and Meaning of their Authors. And how many Authors of great Note there are, as yet in print only ina vicious Tranflation, whofe own Words, in their own Language, are {till extant in our Libraries; may be feen by perufing thefe Catalogues. : Some People have got a Notion that a! Manuícripts are only a Company of old, rufty, Moth eaten Books, upon which a Man may pore his Eyes out before he can read a Word or a Line, @c. which I take to be a meer Cavil. '"Tistrue, every body has not the Gift of wri- ting an excellent, or even a tolerable good Hand ; not are fome of the Manuícripts written about Three Hun- dred Years ago, very eafie to be read by one who is not usdto them. But that this muft affect all Manu(cripts TI fee no Reafon, fince many which I have feen far exceed our modern writing ; nay, I have heard feveral of the beft Pen-men in Londow, ingenuoufly confefs that they could not write a Book near fo well as fome they have fhewed me; which yet, are by far exceeded by many that I have been fhewed in the Bodleiav Library. I could eafily name to you feveral Books there, in Exgli/h, Latin, French, Greek, Hebrew, Arabick, Perfan, Syrz- ack, &c. which are written almoft to a Miracle, beyond any thing Printed, and beyond the Idea which any body can have of them, who has not yet feen fuch things. » Not . a (456) | Nor can Vleís admire the Magnificence of our Anceftors in other Matters relating to Books; befides the fair Wri- ring of them. How many had they written from the beginning to the end in Letters of Silver, or letters of Gold, or both, cover'd over with Plates of Maffy Silver, or Gold and Enammel, which are now either loft, or fa- - crilegioufly torn from them? Notwithftanding which Barbarity, fome remain to us ftill. Where do we fee Books fo richly painted and adorned now, as Our Fore- fathers caus'd theirs to be done? The Bodleian Library- Keepers fhewed me many ancient Books of this fort, fine- ly defigned and painted, by one of which it appear'd, that half the Book took up near Six Years time to illa- minate it; which however, was inferior to another they ihewed me, whofe Workmanfhip upon a very moderate Computation, could coft little lefs than a Thoufand Pounds Sterling. And this I take to be an Argument likewife, of their Love to Learning, fince’tis likely, that otherwifé they would not have laid out fuch Sums of Money upon it: And who can tell, but that the Splen- dor and Magnificence of fome of their Books, has alone preferv'd them from Deftrudion? uode: y» -Laftly, the Rarity of Manufcripts, which make fome more fought after-than others; is when fuch 2 Book is the duréyegga, or the beft, or the only Copy of fuch an Author, (9c. or is written upon a curious or a defirable Subject. Of which forts, many often occur in thefe Ca- talogues. That I may omit the vaft Numbers of more recent Books, treating of our late Kings and Queens, their Policies and Intrigues, their Treaties and Negoti- ations, their Power and Force by Sea and Land; and the like of moft other. Countries. With the Genealogies and - Hiftories of the Lives and Deaths of our moft eminent’ Statefmen, Scholars, Soldiers, Lawyers, &c.. the Heads af | | of ( 457 ) | of which are too many tobe here reckon’d up; but are largely accounted for in the Catalogue. eub ak One thing, indeed, is objected againft this Work by fome fqueamifh Perfons, fome of whom are Foreigners - (who look upon our Store of Manufcripts with sn ill Eye) and othersare of our Country-men, who fay, That there be many Faults in this Book, and that divers of the Cata- logues are erroneous in fome, and not large and particular. enough in other places. Which very Objections, howe- ver, fuppofe that {ome Catalogues, if not the greateft part, are done wellenough to give even themfelves Sa. tisfaction; As for the Foreigners, before they find Fault with this, it would be fit they fhould put out better. Ca- talogues of their own Manuécripts: This Work, as fau!- ty as it is, exceeding their Performances in this kind, - .as much in Accuracy, asin the Number of Books it re- prefents. And if our Country-men will but take the Pains to confider it throughout, they will find (nor caa Envy it felf deny it) that many of thefe Catalogues are moft judicioufly and exactly taken; and all the reft fo . - well done, as to deferve rather their Thanks than their : : E : Ceníure. If fome of the Manufcripts contain here and there a Tract which is not mentioned : ’tis better fo 3 2 than to put down the Titles of thofe Tracts, which are not now to be found in the Book: For this would be an Affront and Abufe upon the World; when as chat may be remedied in another Edition. And the very Cata-- logues which they quarrel with, give us the Author's . Name, and the Title of the Book if it be Anonymous, aad for want of that, fufficieat Notice of the Subje@- - Matter of it; which, one would think, might give Con- . tent to any Perfon of a candid and ingenucus Difpofiti- on: Efpecially confidering the newnefs of the-Defign, the greac Difficulty of procuring fo many Catalogues as they are here prefented with, and that Promife which is N y s : made (458) made to the Publick, that all the Amendments that are made, fhall be entred. into an interleav'd Catalogue in the Bodleian Library, from whence they may corre&t their — own, But by the way, it may not be much amifSto — obíerve, that thefe very Men who rais'd the Obje&ions. againft it, have been known to be eager in making ufe of it, when they wanted notice of Manufcripts, accor- ding to their feveral Occafions. And as they have already found the Benefit of. | itin. their way of Study, fo feveral eminent Scholars! have done, even before it was publifhed : Whereof I. will: mention but Two, viz. the Reverend Dr.Cave; as may be feen in his Second part of his Gifforia Literaria, and . Mt. Grabe, from whom we expect many (hitherto un- printed) Pieces of the Primitive Fütberr.to be quickly publifhed from the Manufcripts, to which. he was diredt= - ed by thefe Catalogues alone. And this i$ one great thing, wherein thefe Catalogues may be ferviceable to all Men of Letters, by admitting them to the latent Rich- es.ot the Nation, ‘whereby they may be much'better ens. abled to give us "good Editions of Books than formerly. If any Author be to be re-printed, the Catalogues wl be forthwith confülted, in order to know’ what Manu- feript. Copies there be of him amongft us, and where they are; that’ fo they may be collated, and the moft important Readings and other Remarks be, from them, - made Publick. If any other Subject be to be treated éf. 13 next after féeing what there.is in Print upen it. already, recourfe is had to the Catalogue, to fee what there re- mains unprinted; the publifhing of which is beftowing fo mach Learning üpon the World which they had not before. — Befides, by diligently reading over thefe Cata- : ropes we acquire a compleat Notion of the Writers of 3 pris all Ages and Nations, and of their Works: the —.— omg of Printed. Books giving only. an Accountof | thofe = DAT» | : thofe Books already in Print, not mentioning thofe Ma- nufcripts, which have been (ssI may fo fay) hid and concealed from the World all this while, efpecially thofe in private Libraries. ^ —— - Another Account upon which this Catalogue may te ferviceable is, (for the Honour and Credit of Axgland in ‘general, and of our Univerfity in particular) to un-de- ‘ceive many Learned Perfons beyond the Seas; fome of whom have been too much prejudiced againft us for our fuppofed Penury in this Kind, ánd others who had heard — fome uncertain Rumours of -our Plenty of Manufcripts, have perhaps believed it to be true, but could nevér get any tolerable Lift of them. Dr. James was the firfi who publifhed any Catalogue of our Manuícripts, which now makes but a {mall part of this Book, and yet the zo- reigners, almoft' ever fince, have -went by that Cata- logue: And all the great Acceffions to our Publick Li- braries have not been much taken notice of. Z/aac Ca- faubon. came hither to Oxford about the Year 1613. as appears by one of his Epiftles, whete talking about the Badleian Library, Nolz (faith he) cogitare femzlem bic re- peréri librorum manufcriptorum copiam atque est in Regia. Bue fane S in Anglia manufcripti non pauci, fed nihil ad Regias opes. But was that great Man now alive, he would, doubtlefs retract this Saying; fince in this Parti- —. ular, the Bodleian is certainly fuperior to the French King’s Library, as it wasin the Year 1640. if we may _truft a Catalogue of it, which was made at that time, or ALabbeus fince, who feems to magnify it enough. And if any of the Foreign Catalogues contain the Titles of all | the. Manuícripts in their refpective Libraries, this of - ours is fuperiorto them all: but if their Catalogues be taken by halves, ’tis their own fault. "The fame Opinion of our Pablick Library, many othet _ Strangers have had befides Ca/aubon. And Spizelius in Yyy 2 hits T ter he had (as well as he could) defcribed fome of our ( 460 ) bis Collection of Catalogues of Manufcripts of the great- eft Libraries in Europe, which he printed but Thirty . Years ago ; when he comes to the Oxford Library, and tells you that he had learnt from ZZe£zisger that we had received the great Additions of the Barocetan and Arch- bifbop Laud’s Manuferipts, goes on-thus, fed quorum de- fignationem à me nondum vifam, invito preterire debui filentio. . And Hottinger himfelf complains that he could not get the Catalogues of them, and was therefore forced to make mention of them only by ZZear-fay, The good- naturd Gentleman took a deal of Pains in defcribing many other Books of Mr. Selden, Mr. Greaves, &c. as he could get notice of them, which are now for the moft part, in our faid Library. 1 could mention divers other Foreign Writers to you, but I fuppofe, 1 have tired you. fufficently already: Fm fure | am weary, and will therefore conclude this long Epiftle with a Teftimony of the fame ZZertinger, who being an Out-landifh Man; — . may be efteem’d more unprejudiced in our behalf. tis - in his Bibliothecarius guadripartitus, pag. 32. where, af Publick and Private Libraries, that he clofes his Difcourfe in this manner, Quoniam vero tot Anglia Bibliothecis tri- — umpbat,tot Manufcriptis reliquas-[uperat, tot Orientalium — Monumentis abundat, adeog; fubfidiis rei litterarie inftru- éliffma est ; quid miremur, ex bac etiam Infula, tot erudi- tionis Philologice, © Theologie Practica cumprimis ha- clenus prodiiffe monumenta? Which, in my poor Opinion, may, upon the coming forth of chele Catalogues, be more fiily applied to the Nation, than ever before. Iam, S [ R, Your, &c. .. - VIL. An ( 461) VIL 4. further Account of the Contents of the China Cabinet mentioned laft Aas p. .390. By Hans Sloane, M. D. zs. 5 icr ones what is commonly, but Pe in | than a Foot long, as big as ones Wrift, having feveral Protüberances, and towards the end (ome Foot-ftalks about Three or Four Inches long, exactly like the Foot- - ftalks of Ferns, both without and within. Moft part of the outfide of this was cover'd with a Down of a dark yellow- ith Snuff-Colour, fhining like Silk, {ome of it a quarter of an Inch long. This Down is what i is commonly ufed for. fpitting Blood, about Six Grains ofit being to a Dofe, and Three Dotes pretended to cure {uch an Hemorrhage. Ia - . Üamaica are many fcandent and Tree-Ferns, which grow . on, or tothe bignefs of Trees, and have fuch a kind of Lanugo on them, and fome of our Capillaries have fome- thing like it. It feem’d to be fhapd by Art toimitatea Lamb, the Roots or climbing part is made to refemble theBody, and the extant Footftalks the Legs. This Down . 1staken Notice of by Dr. Merret at the latter end (p. - 386.) of Dr. Grew’s Maf. Soc. Reg. by the Name of Po- - . €0 Sempie, a Golden Mofs, and isthere (aid to be a Cor- dial.. .I have been aflured by Dr. Brows, who has made .— very good Obfervations in the Ea/f- /ndies, that he has —" been told there by thofe who have lived in China, that: this Down or Hair is ufed by them for the Stopping of .. Blood in frefh Wounds, as Cobwebs are with us, and that they have it in fo great Eftcem that few Houfes are vwithout it. I bave known it much ufed for {pitting of Blood ; it being pretended, that fome of the {mall Down may, by grues Iwallowed, eafily flip into the Wi nd- pipe India, called, The Tartarian Lamb. This wasmore — | ( 462). ; - Pipe, and fo (top the Bleeding: But on Tryals I have .feen. of it, though 1 may believe it. innocent, yet I amy fure "tis not infallible. rd ghar yy sea Fig. 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1, 13, 13. Shew Bight feveral In- ftruments made fer paring the Nails; at which, in CLi- na, the People are very curious and dextrous. Thefe In- _ftruments are each of them fhaped like a Chizzel. - "Fig. x4. reprefnts a kind of Inftrument; called, ia China, a Champing Inftrument, | Its ufe is to be rub'd: - or rouFd all over the Mufcular Flefh. ~ It is like an Hor- fes Curricomb, and is /faid to be ufed after the fame man-- .ner, and forthe {ame Purpofes that they are made ufe of for Horfes. [. : Tx | | vir: Aa; Acco gra opté Maufeo de Piante vareldella Sicilia, Malta, | Cor- fica, Italia, Pientonte e Germania, CN. di ^ Don Paolo Boccone, &c. with additional Re- marks by Mr. John Ray, F..R. $. | M ^T ^HE learned and ingenious Author of this Work, | Signior Paolo Boccone, a, Genileman of Sicély, Bo- tanit to the Great Duke of Zz/cazy, and now a Monk _ of the Ciffertian Order, of the Province of Szczly, having changed his Prezomes into Sylvius, hath rendved him- — | Aeif well known to the learned World, by his Writings — — publifhed many Years fince, viz. His Icones C9 Deferip- — — téones rariorum Plantarum Sicilie, Melite, Gallia (9 Zta- lig, Printed at Oxford in the Year 16724. And his Let- | ters - © 46°) * ters about feveral Natural Curiofities, Written i in French : and Printed. at Amflerdam. In this prefent Work he gives usa latge Collc&ion of- rare Plaats, the greateft part whereof are new and zon defcript, curioufly delineated and RABOARER in. a Hun- dred and Thirty Octavo-Plates, which he divides into Decads, inícribing cach Decad to a Venetian Nobleman. . . Two Defects there are in; this Work; .the one want of Method, the other of Defcriptions. | 1. As for Method, . there is none at all obferved in it, the Species being pro-- miícuonfly and indifereetly placed as they came to Hand, Without any Order or Connexion. 2. Befides the - Names, the Stature and Magnitude, the Places where - ~ he yen them, orPeríons from whom he received them, _ he hath to a great Number of thefe Plants added no De- fcriptions of the principal parts, Root, Stalk, Leaf, Flower, Fruit. This, though he endeavours to ex xcufe : | pezzi. by telling us, That he writes to fuch as are ad- — | - vanced. in the Knowledge of Botanicks, who need no . ong Defcriptions, and. to whom they would be rather: - tedious than ufeful, and not to Novices : Yet can he not eafily periwade us, but that concife exact Deferiptions - would eate the greateft Proficients of a much Trouble in - ~ finding out and exactly deter mining the Species. He had —alío obliged us, if he had given us the Synonyms of füch as he took to have been deferibed by others before: - him, together with the Names of the Authors of fuch- - Synonims and Defcriptions. This alfo he endeavours to - exeufe by want-ot time and Books. Yet.all this not- - withftanding, we ought rather thanktully to acceptwhar! / hehath done, by enriching the Hiftory of Plants with fach a multitude of new. Species, than to cenfure or- reprehend. him. for, what we appreliend he hath omitted, - Which he might-have done. . e \ vt | . Befides- p s (464) i Befides the main Subje& of this Work, the Author intermixes many curious Obfervations and Remarks, Phy- fiological and Medicinal: As for Inftance, he tells us, That becaufe we find not either among the Ancients or: Moderns any Alcalick Medicine drawn only from a fim- ple Vegetable, without any other-Preparation but meer Trituration, therefore he will ig this Obfervation (which - is the fecond in number) communicate an Antacid Me- - dicine of much Efficacy in curing the biting of a Mad Dog, of a Viper or other Serpent, of Févers, Cholicks, Wounds, (c. called by the Palermitanes, Sanatodos ; which is. only a partof a Plant of no great Account among Herbarifts, in brief, it is nothing elfe burmthe . Sponge of the Dogs-Rofe, called by fome Bedeguar,. dried, and grofly pulverized. For the biting of a Vi- per, after Scarification and Cupping, fprinkle upon the Wound. the Powder of Sanatodos, and afterwards give to - drink in generous Wine a good Quantity of the fame Powder feveral times. For the biting of a msd Dog, . give of the.faid Powder inwardly, and apply it eutwardly to the Wound, firft moiflen'd in Strong Wine, or Oyl.Olive,. in like manner ufe it for the ftinging ofa Scorpion. For continual Fevers it is to be often taken in Broth or other Meats, Several other Di- . feafes he mentions, in which it's ufeful, efpecially the Colick, the Pains whercof, being given to drink in Red Wine to the Quantity of about a Drachm, it mitigates in half an Hour's time. One thing I cannot but wonder at, that Signior Baccone fhould take no Norice that the Root of this Rofe had been of old celebrated by Plixy for the Cure, of the Aydrophobia, as a Medicine revealed in — a Dream, 77i]. Nat. L.25. c. 2. & lib. 8. c. 4. in thefe Words, Jnfanabilis ad hofce amos fuit rabidi canis morfus, — — pavorem aqua potufg; omnis afferens odium. . Nuper cujuf.. dam militantis iu pratorio mater Vidit in quiete, ut radi | 7 | cem — E. (4) cem Sylveftris Rofe, blanditam fibi afpedlu pridie in fin fello, mitteret filio Dibendam. In Lufttania res gereba- tar, proxima Hifpamim parte; cafug; accidit, ut milite - à morfa camis incipiente aguas expavafcere fuperveniret epiftola orantis ut pareret Religioni, fervatufg; est ex infperato, X9 poflea quifguis auxiliam fimile tenta- t. E é fs 2, Another Obfervation, he gives us concerning the Seed of Sophia chirurgorum, or #lixweed, which being taken in Broth or Wine entire without reducing to Pow- der flops vomiting of Blood, andcures the Dyfentery or Bloedy-Flix, from whence the Plant hath its Name in "Englifb ; which doth not fucceed, if it be well pounded -or beaten to Powder ; the Reafon whereof he affigns to be, becaufe the oyly-Subftance which is more apt to dit- folve than to coagulate, is loofened by pounding, and - feparated from the other parts. 4. A Third Obfervation we fhall mention ts, T bat in maay Plants the Flower receives its Tin&ure or Colour from the Root. He inftances in the greater Celandixe, . whofe Roots and Flowers are of a Yellow or Saffron —. Colour; the Barbery or Oxyacestba, which alío hath both ‘Roots and Flowers of a Yellow: The DesteZaria of Rondeletius, whofe Roots and Flowers agree in the fame vinous or Grzfdeline Colour. The Acacia Indica Aldini, | - &c. The Reafon whereof he affigns; becaufe the more —— fixt parts wherein the Colour confifts, preferve the fame Tin&ure without being altered by a long Circulation — they make to the Flower. Hence he obferves, that . thofe Plants are more fit for dying Cloth, which are Lignofe, and have their Root agreeable in Colour with _ the Flower. | | 4. He gives us out of Cefalpinus, the Preparation of - €ate, (which he takes to be the fame with Carecbu) which is the infpiffate Juice of the Lyctum-Lndicum, or Bor | Lzz Tree incre ae ( 456 ) 7 Tree called Cadira, by the Indians, which they thus prepare, They divide the Heart ( Medalla) of the Tree into thin Slices, which they grind upon a Marble, fuch as Painters ufz, and boyl the Powder in a fufficient Quantity of Water for Four and Twenty Hours, and then {train it. This Decoction they boy! again beyond the Confiftency of Honey, but not fo hard às Wax, of which they make Pali, which being dried are outwardly black, but inwardly redifb. This Opinion he ra- ther adheresto, than chat of a late learned Traveller in India, who afferts Catechs to be made up of the Juice of the Fruit of Areca oy Faufel, and a certain Mineral Earth of that Place. : | ..$. He. prefents us with a fort of Piffacbio- Tree, which he Calls, Pifacium mas ficulum folio nigricante, which produces no efculent Fruit, being by it felf barren, though in refpect of the Female, which it impregnates with Fruit, it may be (aid to be fruitful. Then he gives us the Notes of Diftinction be- tween. the Male'and Female Piffacbio, and tells us how the Country-men ingravidate the Female with the Elowers of the Male, viz. They wait till the Female hath its Flowers expli- - cated; then they take, at their Difcretion, many Flowers of — — the Male, which are in Bud and juft ready to open, and put them into a Veffel, and having encompatfed them with Earth —— moiftened with Water; they hang this Veffel with the Flow» ers on a Branch of the Eemale Pifachio, and thereleave it til] — - the Flowers be driad, that fo the Powder which they ícatter - may more eafily by the help of. the Wind bedifperfed over all the Branches of the Tree, and ingravidate them with Fruit. Other more compendious Ways he mentions, which the Country-men ufe of fcattering the Duft or Powder of the Flowers of the Male upon the Female. He tells us, Thar the Male, forthe moft part, flowers and {catters its Prolifick . Powder before the Female puts forth its Bloffoms (which hap. _ pens in moft Plants fuppofed to differin Sex) and what Pro- | vifion they make in that cafe. Tha being the general Praéfice in Sicily, must needs depend upon Obfervation, that without fo doing she Trees would not be fruitful, or at leaft not to that Degree, and confirms the Opinion, that there w in Plants alfo a difference of "a NUZA | | 448222) This whole Obfervation about the PiFachios he inierts alfo into his Mufeo di Fifrca @ di efperienze variato, Gc. 6. He brings an Obfervation concerning a Woman of Cham- bery tn Savoy, who being afflicted witha fierce Apoplexy, af. - ter various Medicines in vain ufed, grew lame on her whole . Left Side from Head to Foot ; whom an Emperick underta. king to cure, {pent Eight Boccale of Z2ua Vite, and Twelve Pound of Camphire upon her, in Six Weeks time, anointing every Morning and Evening the whole part affe&ed without. any Benefit at all. The Woman mean time was with Child, and without faffering any Inconvenience, at her due time broughtforth a Son, otherwife perfect, fave that all his Bones were fo foft and tender, that he could not bear himfelf upon his Feet; the Bones of his Legs, as alfo his Arms and Hands being fo tender, that they feemed flexible Tendons: And in this Cale he lived Eighteen Months. This Effect he, and not without Reafon, attributes to the Camphire. | I have often wondred how Our-landifh Authors fhould fo grofly miltake in the Orthography of Englifh Words we find in their Writings. But by an Obfzrvation in this Book con- cerning the Serpentaria Virginiina (the Name and a tolerable Defcription whereof Signior Beccone had from one Edward Painten ) I perceive how it might come to pals, viz. They received thefeWords from fome illiterate EnglifhMen,and put them down according tothe Pronunciation, {pelling them as Words of fuch Sound and Pronunciation in their own Lan- guage are fpell'd. So, doubtlefs, Edward Paisten pronoun- cing the Word SzzaEe-root, as the Italians do Suecrut, (we often '. pronouncing a as they do e, and they having no double o) Signior Boccone writes it Snecrut. But becaufe he defires far- ther Satisfa&ion concerning this Serpentaria Virgin. or Snake- root, I fhall give him, and others that concur with him in that Defire, a full and exact Defcription of the whole Plant, drawn up and fent meby a Perfonthat knew it very well, and was as well able to defcribeit, the Learned and moft Skilful Herbarift Mr. 7obs Bawiffer, whofe unhappy and untimely Death cannot fufficiently be deplored. ! : The Piftelochia, or Serpentaria Virginiana hath a bufhy Root, confifting of a Number ft. (mallStrings of a yellowifh Colour, and hot Aromatick Scent and Tafte: Thence grow One cr ES ; L222 Two (468) 'Éwo (mooth; at.leaft very little hairy, Stalks, round and moft commonly upright, notíquare nor trayling: "The leaves grow alternately onthis fide and that,one at a Joint or Knee: | — They are thin long and pointed, coming in like a Heart at the Footítalk, a little Hairy above, and rough with many ' protuberant Veins underneath, and in handling they flick a little to the Fingers. Near the Ground grow One or Two hollow Flowers, each vpon its proper Foot-ftalk, different. in Form from the Piffolochbia Cretica, or any other yet known ; all whofe Flowers (if Authors Figures, or the Plants them- felves dried, rightly inform me) refemble a Cows Horn, the top growing to the Rudiment of the Seed-Veffel, and the open end cut flaunting like a Drenching-Horn, whereas this of ours terminates with a Heel, which fupports a broad, round, galerniculated Lip, the Center of which opens into . the Hollow of the Flower. The Lip is of a light ruffet or dirt Colour. . The Seed Veffel is hexagonal, fhap'd like a Pear, when full grown near half an Inch in diameter. It is not an ever-green, but after the Seeds are ripe, the Leaves and Stalks begin to wither and decay. It flowersin | Pay, and. its Seeds are ripe in August. — ; — R—..—— : ———X —— Philofophical Tranfactions. . From Numbe: 236, to Number 247. inclufive* - — Á - . MÀ Ecanna, N.243.p.296.| | A Anatomy of Cari | gueya or Opoflum, N.239. p. 105. Animals from Maryland, N. |^ - 246. p: 393. | - Antiquities, Roman; N. 244. p. - 310. found in Somerfstíhire, | N. 247. p. 4r WD Arometer, begbib of the) iD: Mercury in it at top and - bottom of the Monument, N. (236. p. 2. Portable, ib. p. 3. To mea[ure the height of Mer- —ocery in it, N. 237: p. 45. N.] m o45.p. 176. : - Bartholini Cafp. /zecimez, &c. _ N.257 p. 62. Beetles their Eyes, N. 240. p.169. . Bite of a Serpent which prov d- : mortal, N. 245. p. 35 1. Black Lead, N. 240. p. 183. Blew Fire ro make, N.238:p.89. . Blood, Obfervations about it N.. 241. DP. 224... Books, Catalogues of thofe lately: printed, N.240.p.200.N.241. - P:244. N.243.p.307. N.z45..- p.386 N.246.p 426. —Of feme now abcut to be - publifbed. N.240.p.202,.N.241 p.244. N.243 p.277. N.245. p. 288. Accounts of tkem,N.23 6. p.29.N.237p.57N.238.p98 : N.240.196.N.141.p.240. N. (0243 p.304. N.244 p 338. Ni. |024$p 395... Breat hing, .. An INDEX “Breathing, N.240.p.177, 181. Butterflies Egg as big as a Wrens, | N.240. p.167. C gn Ancer, traite du, N.240.p. | 199. Carigueya, Anatomy of 239.p.105. MN oe Caterpillars deftroying Fruit,Ob- fervations onthem,N 2 37.9.54 China Inftruments for the Ears, &c.N.246.p.399, For Nails, AW & c. N.247.p 462. - Clam. N.240.p.168. Copper Farthings | fvallowed, N.246.p.424. | Curve celerrimi defcenfus in- veltigatio, N.246.p.425. : D e Eaf and Dumb Perfons bow p toinfiruci N.245.p.553- Death-watch, what-it s, (000 245p 376, | .. Dog bad Mercury. imjetied into it IN. the Fugulars,N.240.p.184. | " E pias After, a Letter about it, N. 240p.18g. . —. Edlipfis Lunaris, 29 Oct.1697. N.236p.u4. 5 i - Eels, about them, N.238.p.90. Electrical Bodies, Catalogue of them, N.2z45.p.384. . Embryon quatuor feptimana- rum, &c. N.238.p.66. Equation, N.240.p.190. Eruption. Of Fire, N.245p.378. | Of Water, ib. p.582. Experiments, About the Baro- fervation of Flowers, Fruits, c &cN.237.p.41-4bout giving variety of Tinctures to Water, - IN.25 r.p. 87. About Breathing, . N.24o.p 178,181. About ) Freezing, N. 24$. 9. 384. N.. | 246.p.439. About Sounds, ib. P: 423. oh? | Eyes of Beetles, N.240. p.169. P. |o Bones voided by the Os Pubis.N.243.p.292. Pire-Flies. N.240. p.167. Froggs. N uu 168. All-Bee.N. 145.p.375. XI Generation of Animals. N.244.p.357. | Giant’s Caufway.N.241.5.209. - .Globe-glifs in Marble colour to paint. IN.245.p.364.. N. | Gold, to gild on Silver. N.243. | p. 266. : Grafhoppers. N.240.p.168. H ~ Emlock-water dropwort , its poy[onous Qualities. N. 238. p.84. Hortus Amftelodamenfis, .Ac- count of it. N.236.p.29. | | Humbirds. N.240. p.168. Hurricanes, and their Prognme- _ fficks. N.246.p.407. Magination, Efecis of it. IN. — — s 243 p.292. Eaft-India, Account of it.N.243. — | p.358. -p43 | aa ! Inundation zz the I//and Mauri- anter, N.236.p.2. About Pre-|] | tius, (N.242. p.268. | Ipecacu- — —. Ar INDEX Ipecacuanha, a Cure for Loofe- ^ 9L 5. P59: Bfervations , de fcemina, - lüs..N. 240.p.192. quz non obftante vaginz Iron, to give it the Tiniiure of; uteri coalefcentia, infantem Copper. N.2.43.p. 296. | peperit.N.237.p 56.---de em- *E. bryone 4. feptimanarum. N, j | Hf to keep. it full. N.245. 238. P 66.— Made ix New- England. N. 240. p. 167.— Magick aa fe make. N.| from the Eatt-Indies. N. 243. 245. p. 364. | P273-—i5 Nova Hollandia. Lichen cinereus terreftris, ite} N.24¢9.p. 361. — i» China. Vertues. IN.237. p.$2. N.245.p.371: btu gy Effects of it. N.236. p s Anatomy of it. N. :239. Ios. i antenelie cured by Ipecacuan- i Ie , imperfections of it. ha, N.238. p. 69. | 242.p.249. M. | p. M hier, Vertues of it.| p^ ,4 periodical one. N. 242. N.243. p.293- | ae Mad Creatures, a Cure for their Papaver corniculatum luteum, Bitings. N.237: p.49.— Dogs: it effet s.N.242.p.263. - Bitings. N.243. p.307: | Pflugk de Bibliotheca Buren Indian Manufcripts. N. 246. p. FON. 245. p.305. 421. Englifh, an Account of Pitch,bow made. N.243.p-29 1t. them. N.247. | Plants, Indian, their Names Sk. Marfigli del fosfero minerale.| N. 244. p. id Pin Y. IN.243. p.307. land.N.246.p. | : eee of a large Man.N.240. Phof phorus S au. to make - | N45 p.365 isa Calf witb two n Heads. Pocofempie. N.247. N. 238. p. 79. | Poland, Account vof ii. p.98. . Mafick, a2 Queftion in it an- | Pofture-Mafter.N. 242.p.262« fered N.238.p.80. — Aes , Poyfonous qualities of Herilock- cerning its ftrange Effects. N.| water dropawort.N.238..84. 243. P. 297. N. Uadratura Logarithmice. Umifmata, « Difconr{e of N.248. P.373: Medals, %c. Account of | Quinfie caufed by a Stone-N.247: it, N.247. Ep p.449. R. = Chae INDEX R. "| Thorax, Water Syring' d into it. On, bow made. N. 243.| N.240.p.181. p.291. Thunder, Effects of it. N.236. phelps p.g. 3 S. Tinétures to Water, to give. P : gu ,factitiou,N.243.p.281.) 238.p.875. Serpent’s Zite.N 245.p.35 r.| Tortoifés.N240.0.168. — | pe a Roman one. N.24 t.p. | Tournefort,hiltoire des Plantes 205. Oc. N245.p.385. — Shower of Fifhes. N.243.p 289. Tuipelttinet bow. made; N.243. zSinenfes obfervationes. N.2 37. P2291. - Slate, Irifh. N.243.p.271. Sounds, Experiments about them. Voss and Haie: in N.247.p.433. South America AN. 240. : oorr motion of it. N. 243.| p.196. — "s Pp - Stone ve the Bladder, extracting Me Waters N.245.p. at from Females. N-236. p.11. 365. he St. Amand. — Magn by a Boy. N. 242... N.247.p.4 | Weather agite Wi it for 1697- sre Jf Thunder and Lightning N.237. N.236.p.5. | Welfchij bafis botanica. N.243. : T. P+ 304. Te bow made. Nass p. Eh zg ae ‘ERRATA. ‘Numb. S. P AG. 424. line 3. read that the feveral Leaves of -all 4 thefe Books, Gc. : -Lendin : Printed for Sam. Smith, and Benj. Walford, Printers | to the Royal Society , at the Princes Arms in St. donor : Church. Yard, 1698. is ud Jum ands d APS torn iy eae’ Tt my T d wit AM URL NN SER SRE TNR SUN Rem x quet 05 c E ening RWC : NM NS : NM TR . We mS E - : $75 D ties n aea KT, M eT. ar: ARCU S Wi aaa aja Mi ? SSS SS E BRI Stat L. SENS etr ior ee YO Cr AI M ACIES rir. t ean = . ' D WW. vtm . f i ' . UY Ee re ne ^ " É 4 N i M tbe WT. E 5 E . : 3 TS. - IS « d FAM Nu Nt : Á Res rer br | EXON 4 * Uu : ^ " i ^ C V j - | NS iX En DOS RN ME NN PN NS YS MA Mt vat ad) : ds Sw SM ES $0 y , h : ^ j P 5 ^ut