FE AMV OE COR ANT GE A ie d ‘ Recent a a gO Tn ee ap Py , ey f Ri : Hi f PISS TREO yi OUST a) At eh ih i i itd iy) i 5 His Hu UAL * ie i} 4) ah ” MOREE Be Se SEAR AD ae RD sina i if fianet Ate, NYE SOR Oar eee erigye i aye Ne Jue ih iis nay ie 1a He ' ECM OM ANG OP Sa UN aE a BA ety ty itt } 0 : vei) ‘ ARBOR ay i fs wae i Y Lerhh i < Oe CCE CA BORON LN he A rh OR i Ni i 1) VA is AM ANHY ELBA DE ah, He t, Ra ‘ He i S >} |e A Re RA Fe i ‘i TA 5, es , iG iiaads ens A Te a ER eR NR LRT INC AREA I EE EL SE PTO CeCe wee eee cere othe on ost anne dete es? - ‘once =P REL Se coe tee — eet ale teers sos be Sth eons era's sf : a * + 1 NEL : . fas . conferta, Harv. . Ballia. scoparia, Harv.. Bindera.- Cladostephus, Dene. . Blossevillea. Bostrychia. WIRD, APO... OS o.. aed Civalaris, Haro: 2.0 %.< i joisveait Callithamnion. Griffithsia, Harv... . Griffithsioides, Sond.. m scoparia, Hf. et H. Carpoglossum. angustifolium, J. 4g. confluens, Aiitz. Castraltia. salicornioides, A. Rich... aie? s\iviia ie Plate 141 Caulerpa. asplenioides, Grev......... distichophylla, Bondotenia obscura, Sond. .....2.+.- parvifolia, Harv. ........ PCNNALEs NK. wee, Aieiahaaiae Sonderi, Muell..........- splendida, Grev. taxifolia, 4g..... tenella, Harv. Chondria. Umbellula, Harv. .. Chylocladia. Muelleri, Harv....... Cladhymenia. conterta, Hare: 2 2s Cladostephus. australis, Ag. Corallina. ancrassata, BMS; Rese. margimata, WNW... 26 02s te MONUS2 WINS Sis, tte Pee Crouania. vestita, Harv. Ctenodus. Labillardieri, Kittz. ...... Cystoclonium. carnosum, Kiitz. Cystophora. Brown, Je Age i. Peres tormlosany dd). "AGiakte ss eel lvilerand |; Ap iain ttn. t Cystophyllum. muricatum, J. dy... .. Plate 178 161 167 172 178 167 167 178 161 147 138 144 154 125 136 125 140 163 142 169 123 17/6 139 Vi ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. III. Plate Plate Cystoseira. Hemineura. Banesti, PAB. oe wees ee ss 135 frondosa, Uarv.......-205 Ida MOUPCHGA, ND oe ke elie 139715 Fores LOTULGSCAINT ae eels oe lee ar trinodis, Ac. Le anwar Moe oe a ae a Teva oe zs 2 ya. anksit ene. ele mia cts ets 5 Feredaye, Harv. ........ 173 Billardieri, Mont........- 135 Haflie, Harv. .......... 143 Sieberi, Dene. ......-44- 135 Wrangelioides, Harv. .... 174 obconica; Kitz. ........1. 088 Delesseria. gracias, Kutz. ..\...ssoneelen conferta, AG........+0+ +5 144 | Hypoglossum. coriifolia, Harv. .......- 150 frondosum, Kiitz. ........ 179 dendroides, Harv........- 137 Racine frawinifolia, Grev.......-- Tag) eG fondosaifict H. ...... 199 aneusta, Hare. ....... 0 2 ae Fevoluta, Harv... os! s)- 170 | Laurencia. Déligea. aanuidd, TOPO ae eae 148 hypneoides, Harv......... 134 | Leveillea. ; Dictymenia. Schimperi, Dene. ........ 171 conferta, Harv. .......... 144 | Liagora. fraxinifolia, Harv......... 124 Cheyneana, Harv........-. 162 Epineuron. Lomentaria. fraxinifolium, Marv. ...... 124 Muellert, Sond.......... 138 Euctenodus. Macrocystis. Labillardieri, Kitz. ...... 168 COMOs; (NGS Wie. - eiree are 153 Flabellaria. Martensia. incrassata, Lk. .........- 125 denticulata, Harv......... 127 Fucus. Moniliformia. Banksti, Turn: .........- 135 Banksu, Bory... .. eas 135 compsus, Labill........... 158 Labillardieri, Bory ...... 185 conpertus, BR. Bre os 2a. 144 Siebert, Bory .. = Smid > jae oe 135 confluens, R. Br. ........ 159 | Mvet aia ychodea. ie a tenes oe ane see BP A 142 TATere Mc). cases te homie, ATV. oc. .03-4 <0 eee moniliformis, Labill....... 185. | nodes . muricatus, Tum. ........ 139 angustifolium, Kiitz....... 128 pinnatus, L. ............ 178 | Nitophyllum. ¢axifolius, Vabl.......... 178 Curdieanum, Harv. ...... 151 torulosus, R. Br. ........ 123 | Nizymenia. Galaxaura. australis, Sond. ....... 165 marginata, Ig. .7...... 136 Phacelocarpus. Griffithsia. Labillardieri, J. 4g. . 163 | australis, Ag. 154 | Phyllospora. Halimeda. comosa, Ags : eo. aos incrassata, ES et Sik, 125 | Platythalia. & monilts, Lx. . 125 angustifolia, Sond......... 128 ee) Polysiphonia. Mueller, Sond........... 180 byssoclados, Harv....... 154 Halymenia. Cladostephus, Mont....... 154 saccata, Harv. .. 133 spinosissima, Harv. ...... 155 SYSTEMATIC INDEX TO Polyzonia. jungermannioides, J. Ag. Rhabdonia. dendroides, Harv... .. elobifera, J. 4g. Rhodomela. spinulosa, Harv. Trigenea, Harv. vestita, Harv. 2 © (eile) (sw lols ee) ec Rhodymenia. australis, Sond... . elata, Harv. .. polymorpha, Harv. Sarcomenia. delesserioides, Sond. ...... Sargassum. decurrens, 47. ......... SYSTEMATIC Ser. l. Fam. Fucacee. Sargassum decurrens.......... Turbinaria gracilis. . sg Carpoglossum ang ustifolium . Carpoglossum confluens ...... Phyllospora comosa ...... Cystophora Brownii ...... Cystophora torulosa .......... SER. 2. Fam. Rhodomelacee. Martensia denticulata Leveillea Schimperi Kuetzingia angusta Dictymenia fraxinifolia........ Sarcomenia delesserioides . . Acanthophora arborea ........ Rhodomela Trigenea.......... as) ey st lel ia O05 (2) © 3.0) (0) 6) 8) w Ce VOL. III. Plate Scaberia. 171 Agardhil, Grev.......... 199 7 Bl A aap ia Solieria. 130 australis, Harp to te acon 126 | Spherococcus. 126 australis. Kutz Oy te Labillardieri, Ag........- ae Spyridia. 157 opposita, Harv... Trigenea. 121 australis, Sond........... Turbinaria. 145 gracilis, Sond. INDEX TO VOL. III. MELANOSPERME. Plate. Cystophora uvifera. ......:.:- 145 | Cystophyllum muricatum ...... 13] | Scaberia Agardhii.......... 198 | Hormosira Banksii........... 159 A 153 Kam. Dictyotacee. 169 | Haliseris Muelleri...... 123 RHODOSPERMEA. Rhodomela spinulosa,......... Chondria Umbellula.......... 127 | Bostrychia mixta ............ 171 | Bostrychia rivularis .......... 177 | Polysiphonia Cladostephus 124 | Polysiphonia spinosissima...... LO We Dasyay blather, 215 aac ae seiereness ls2am Dasya Beredayes ../4 5+ «<5 126 | Dasya Wrangelioides..... Be Bros vil Plate 164 139 149 146 163 156 | 126 131 Vill SYSTEMATIC INDEX TO VOL. III. Plate Plate Fam. Laurenciacee. Fam. Rhodymeniacee. Cladhymenia conferta ........ 144 | Acropeltis elata...........-.. 122 Delisea hypneoides .......... 134 | Rhodymenia australis ........ 146 Laurencia heteroclada ........ 148 | Rhodymenia polymorpha ...... 157 Rhabdonia globifera .......... 129 Fam. Spherococcoidee. Rhabdonia dendroides ........ 152 Delesseria dendroides ........ 187 | Aveschougia conferta.......... 166 Delesseria coriifolia .......... 150 F Delesseria revoluta .......... 170 Fam. Cryptonemiacee. Welesseriaifrondosa, 265... 20. 1/9"), Mychodea ‘carnosa..—..2 os me 142 Nitophyllum Curdieanum ...... 151 | Chylocladia Muelleri.......... 138 Phacelocarpus Labillardieri .... 163 | Horea fruticulosa ............ 156 Halymenia saccata..........+. 133 Fam. Helminthocladee. Liagora Cheyneana .......... 162 Fam. Spyridiacee. Galaxaura marginata.......... 136 | Spyridia opposita ............ 158 ® Fam. Gelidiacee. Fam. Ceramiacee. Acanthococcus Ewingii........ 141 | Crouania vestita ............ 140 Solieria australis ............ 149 | Ballia scoparia -.%.. 02 .- eer 168 Nizymenia australis .......... 165 | Callithamnion Griffithsioides.... 160 Ser. 3. CHLOROSPERMEA. Fam. Siphonacee. Caulerpa taxifolia,. [ric «<2 178 Caulerpa Sonderi ............ 167 | Caulerpa parvifolia .......... 172 Caulerpa distichophylla........ 161 | Halimeda incrassata .......... 125 ee ee gi ie] é i = Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Rhodomelacea. Prats CXXI. SARCOMENIA DELESSERIOIDES, Souza. Guy. Cuan. Frond flat and midribbed, or compressed, or terete, imarticu- late, pinnately decompound or proliferous, carnoso-membranaceous, composed of two strata of cells; the inner stratum of oblong, thick- walled, gelatinous cells, in several rows; the outer of a single row of minute, coloured, vertical cellules. Lructification: 1, pedicellate, thick-walled ceramidia, containing a tuft of branching spore-threads, bearing pyriform spores; 2, lanceolate séchidia, containing tripartite D 5) 5) ? 5 tetraspores in a single or double row.—Sarcomenta (Sond.), from oapé, flesh, and bun, a membrane. Frons plana, costata ; v. compressa; v. teres; continua, pinnatim decomposita v. e disco prolifera, stratis duobus contexta ; strato medullari ex cellulis mag- nis oblongis gelineis crassis, peripherico ex cellulis minutis coloratis serie sim- plicit dispositis verticalibus evoluto. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia pedicellata intra pericarpium crassum ostiolo pertusum sporas pyriformes in filis ramosis termt- nales foventia ; 2, stichidia lanceolata tetrasporas triangule divisas uni-biseri- atas continentia. SarcomEnta delesserioides ; frond flat, midribbed, lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, proliferously pinnate, decompound ; pinne and pinnules opposite, springing from within the margin of the frond, attenuate at each end; ceramidia globose, stichidia lanceolate, simple or com- pound, both scattered over the frond. S. delesserioides ; fronde plana costata lanceolata v. lineari-lanceolata prolifere pinnatim-decomposita ; pinnis pinnulisque oppositis e disco enatis basi et apice attenuatis ; ceramidiis globosis stichidiisque lanceolatis simplicibus v. compo- sitis per totam frondem dispersis. SARCOMENIA delesserioides, Sond. Bot. Zeit. 1845, p.56. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 194. Harv. Alg. Exsic. Austr. n. 141; but not Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 21. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 880. Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 537. Var. a. latifolia ; phyllodiis lato-lanceolatis. Harv. Trans. R. I. Acad. 1. c. Var. f. lancifolia; phyllodiis lineari-lanceolatis. Harv. l. ¢. Var. y. cirrhosa; phyllodiis angustissimis, supremis sepius cirrhiferis. Harv. 1. ¢. Has. Swan River, Preiss. Abundant at Garden Island, near Fre- mantle; the three varieties, W. 1. H., G. Chi ifton. At Shortlands Bluff, Port Phillip, rare, W. H. H. Grocer. Distr. Western and southern coasts of Australia. Duscr. Root a disc throwing out branching fibres. Fronds tufted, 1-3 feet long, originating in an undivided, lanceolate phyllodium, 6 inches to 1-2 mao 5 > JE 2 feet in length, and varying in width from 2 lines to 13 inch. This pri- mary frond is traversed by a more or less evident midrib, and emits, from points always within the margin, numerous opposite pairs of similar fronds, which form the primary pinne ; these emit secondary, similar pinnee ; and in old specimens a third, and sometimes a fourth, series is similarly developed. This proliferous branching is very constant; the prolifications springing from the same points, and being almost constantly exactly opposite in their insertion. Sometimes the ends of the branches, in narrow individuals, are drawn out into long, clasping tendrils. Ceramidia thickly sprinkled over the surface of the phyllodia, both primary and secondary globose, depressed at the summit, raised on pedicels 3 a line long, and containing a large tuft of pedicellate, pear-shaped spores. Stichidia also scattered, lanceolate, contain- ing a double row of roundish tetraspores. Colowr, while growing, a grey, with iridescent tints, but rapidly changing in the air, or in fresh-water, to a bright rosy-red, which latter tint is well preserved in drying. Sudstance cartilaginous, at first crisp, very rapidly becoming flaccid, and in the course of a few hours decomposing in fresh-water. In drying this plant adheres strongly to paper. This, the typical species of Sarcomenia, as already remarked under S. hypneoides (Tab. XII.), varies extremely in breadth, but scarcely in any other character. The broad-fronded imdi- vidual represented at Fig. 1 in our Plate, grew along with that shown at Fig. 2, which, though narrow, is by no means the narrowest that occurs. It has been chosen for illustration be- cause it combines the general characters of the ordinary narrow form, with the cirrhiferous extremities that particularly mark a still more depauperated variety. Some of the narrow-fronded specimens are very much branched, resembling luxuriant states of Delesseria crassinervia, while the broad-fronded approach in aspect Del. coriifolia,—a rare species of Western Australia that I formerly (Ner. Austr. p. 21) con- founded with this plant. The resemblance to the Delesseri@ is’ merely external, the structure of frond and characters of fruit being widely different. In structure and fruit Sarcomenia com- pletely agrees with &hodomelacee, and may stand either near Odonthalia or Dasya. An unfigured species (S. dasyoides) very closely connects it with the latter genus. Fig. 1. SARCOMENIA DELESSERIOIDES, var. a, LATIFOLIA. 2. Var. B, passing into var. y:—both the natural size. 8. Section, to show the cellular structure. 4. A ceramidium. 5. Spores from the same. 6. A stichidium. 7. A tetraspore :—the latter figures variously magnified. LNB aN ales > 7 = k a ensgae _—, % , ‘ f Sia Ser. RHopOsPERME. Fam. Rhodymeniacea. Pare CXXII. ACROPELTIS ELATA, dav. Gen. Cuan. Frond stipitate, flat, imperfectly midribbed below, dichotomo- pinnatifid, distichous or proliferous; composed of three strata; the medullary of very slender, longitudinal, closely packed filaments ; the intermediate of roundish angular cells; the cortical of minute, verti- cally seriated, coloured cellules. Lructification: 1, cystocarps . . .?; 2, shield-like xemathecia, in the tips of the branches, containing evw- ciate tetraspores.—Acropettis (Mont.), from axpos, the summit, and medTn, a small shield; alluding to the shield-like, terminal nema- thecia. Frons stipitata, plana, inferne obsolete costata, dichotomo-pinnatifida, dicticha v. prolifere ramosa, ex stratis tribus formata ; stratum medullare ex filis tenuis- simis creberrimis longitudinalibus, intermedium cellulis rotundato-angulatis, corticale cellulis minimis coloratis verticaliter seriatis constitutum. Fructus : 1, cystocarpia ignota ; 2, nemathecia convexa, clypeiformia, infra apicem fron- dis evoluta, tetrasporas cruciatim divisas foventia. AcroprLtis edata ; very tall, and much divided; stem elongate, plano- compressed, channelled when dry, branched ; branches prolonged into multipartite, dichotomo-pinnate, rigidly membranaceous fronds ; rachis flexuous ; segments narrow-linear, dichotomous, erecto-patent ; apices obtuse ; axils rounded. A. elata; fronde longissima multipartita ; caule elongato plano-compresso costato siccitate subcanaliculato ramoso ; ramis in frondes pergamenas inferne subcor- datas dichotomo-pinnatas abeuntibus ; rachide flexuosa ; laciniis alternis anguste linearibus dichotomis erecto-patentibus ; apicibus obtusis ; axillis rotundatis. RuopyMenta elata, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 554; Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 378. Has. South coast of Rottnest Island, near the lighthouse, VW. H. H. Grocer. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root a small disc. Fronds 2-23 feet high, very much divided, and the old fronds irregularly proliferous. Stem 6-8 inches to a foot long, 1-14 line wide, thickened or ribbed in the centre, irregularly branched. Branches 12-14 inches long, alternately bi-tripinnate, the pinne and pinnules sub- dichotomous, flexuous, the older ones imperfectly costate, all preserving nearly an equal breadth of 1-13 line. Margin quite entire, slightly thick- ened. Apices obtuse, either rounded or emarginate. Nemathecia placed immediately below the apices, conforming to the shape of the apex, con- vex, containing cruciate tetraspores. Colour a clear, full red, inclining to purple; the surface rather glossy when dry. Substance very rigid, horny, membranaceous, enduring exposure or long immersion in fresh-water without injury. In drying the frond does not adhere to paper. PIPPI DPA AAA The genus Acropeltis was founded by Montagne on a South American species (4. Chilensis), which I have not seen; to this I formerly added the Australian 4. phyllophora, and more re- cently the present elegant plant. That these two Australian species are congenerous I have no doubt, but whether they agree generically with the American is a point as yet undecided. Professor J. Agardh places Rhodymenia australis, Sond., also in Acropeltis ; but to me that appears to be a genuine species of Ethodymenia. 'The same author refers the genus to the Sphero- coccoidee, a position which cannot be determined until the cysto- carpic fruit of the typical species shall be discovered. In placing Acropeltis provisionally in Rhodymeniacee, | am guided more by external habit than by other considerations. Possibly, taking into consideration the fibrous medullary stratum, it would be better placed either in Gelidiacee or in Cryptonemiacee. The structure of the cystocarp must be known before this point be settled. Fig. 1. ACROPELTIS ELATA, a branch,—/he natural size. 2. Apices, with ne- mathecia. 3. Section through a nemathecium. 4. A tetraspore. 5. Trans- verse section through the frond :—these figures variously magnified. Fate CHAT Ser. MELANOSPERMES. Fam. Fucacee. Puate CXXIII. CYSTOPHORA TORULOSA, J. Ag. Gen. Cuar. Root scutate. Frond pinnately decompound, dendroid, with distinct stem, branches, and ramuliform leaves. Vesicles stipitate, simple, rarely absent. Receptacles pod-like, torulose or moniliform, developed in the ramuli. Scaphidia hermaphrodite. Spores obovoid. —Cystoruora (J. Ay.), from kvoTts, a bladder, and gopew, to bear. Radix seutata. rons pinnatim decomposita, dendroidea, caule proprio, ramis Soliisque ramuliformibus donata. Vesicule stipitate, simplices, raro defici- entes. Receptacula siliqueformia, torulosa v. nodulosa, apice ramulorum evo- luta, Scaphidia hermaphrodita. } CystopHora ¢oralosa ; stem compressed, subsimple, alternately pinnate ; pinne issuing from the flattened side of the stem, bent downwards at their insertion, short ; pinnules crowded, subfasciculate, subsimple, converted into torulose, club-shaped receptacles; vesicles roundish- elliptical. C. torulosa ; caule compresso simpliciusculo alterne pinnato ; pinnis a latere plano caulis egredientibus retrofractis ; pinnulis subfasciculatim approximatis simpliciusculis in receptacula claveformia torulosa abeuntibus; vesiculis sphe- rico-ellipsoideis. J. Ag. CystopHora torulosa, J. 4y. Sp. Alg. p. 243. Harv. in Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. . 2. p. 214; Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 283. BLossEVILLEA torulosa, Dene. Arch. Mus. v. 11. p. 147. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 628. CystosniRa torulosa, 4y. Sp. Aig. p. 16; Syst. p. 290. A. Rich. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 139. Fucus torulosa, R. Br. in Turn. Hist. Fuc. t. Ly A Has. On rocks near low-water mark. Kent Islands, Dr. R. Brown. Western Port, Victoria, VW. H.H. Common in Tasmania, Gunn, ete. “West coast of New Holland,” fide Mus. Paris. Grocer. Distr, Southern coasts of Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand. Descr. Root a callus. Fronds several from the same base, 12-18 inches long, compressed, rounded at the edge, simple or alternately branched, beset throughout with short, alternate, horizontal branchlets, issuing from the flattened side of the stem or primary branches, and deflexed at their insertion. Branchlets (or pinne) 2 inches long, flexuous, alternately tu- bercled at the base, very closely ramuliferous; the ultimate ramifications (or pimnules) subfasciculate, simple or forked, linear-claveeform, very obtuse, afterwards mostly changed into receptacles. Vesicles solitary, pedicellate, near the base of the branchlets, obovate-elliptical, muticous, 5—6 lines long, 2-3 in diameter. Receptacles simple or forked, torulose, blunt, {-1 inch long, 14 line in diameter, very abundant. Colowr a dark olive-brown, turning black in drying. Substance coriaceous, hard and somewhat brittle when dry. It does not adhere to paper. A common littoral species of Bass’s Straits, at both sides of the Channel, and on the Islands. It frequently grows in tide- pools, and is then much dwarfed, and apt to become extremely bushy from the enormous development of short crowded ramuli. It is readily known from others of the genus by its robust, club-shaped, and imperfectly constricted, obtuse receptacles. I have not seen any specimens from the west coast. Fig. 1. CysropHora TORULOSA ; a branch,—¢he natural size. 2. Receptacles, and a vesicle; somewhat magnified. Ser. RHODOSPERMES. Fam. Rhodomelacea. Puate CXXIV. DICTYMENIA FRAXINIFOLIA, Harv. Gen. Cuan. Frond flat, membranaceous, midribbed, alternately decom- pound, pinnatifid or rarely foliiferous, areolate; the medullary cells large, twelve-sided, colourless, transversely set; the cortical minute, irregular, coloured. ructification: 1, ovate, stipitate ceramidia, containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, simple or branched séi- chidia, containing tripartite ¢e¢raspores——DictyMENtA (Grev.), from duxtuov, a net, and vunv, a membrane, because the membrane appears areolated (under a low magnifying power). Frons plana, membranacea, costata, alterne decomposita, pinnatifida v. raro folii- Jera, areolata ; strato medullari ex cellulis magnis hyalinis dodecahedris transversim ordinatis, corticali ex cellulis minutis coloratis irregularibus Jormato. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia pedicellata ; stichidia propria, simplicia v. ramosa, tetrasporas 1—2-seriatas triangule divisas foventia. Dictymenta fraxinifolia ; stem cylindrical, thick and rigid, branched, the branches bearing leaves; leaves (phyl/odia) oblong, obtuse at each end, midribbed and closely penninerved, sharply serrulate ; nerves setigerous, midrib serrated; stichidia linear, simple or com- pound, mucronate, borne on the nerves. D. fraxinifolia ; caule cylindraceo crasso duro ramoso, ramis foliiferis, foliis (phyllodiis) oblongis basi et apice obtusis costatis et creberrime penninerviis argute serrulatis, nervis setigeris, costa serrata, stichidiis linearibus mucronatis slmplicibus compositisve e nervis enatis. DicTyMENIA fraxinifolia, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 588. Eprneuron fraxinifolium, Harv. MSS. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 849. Amansta fraxinifolia, 4g. Syst. Alg. p. 247. Devesserta fraxinifolia, Grev. Syn. p. xlvii. Fucus fraxinifolius, Mert. Turn. Hist. t. 198. Has. Rottnest Island, Western Australia, W. H. H., G. Clifton. Groer. Distr. Peninsula of India, and Ceylon. Western Australia. Descr. Root a hard, knobby disc or bulb. Stem (formed out of the thickened and denuded midrib of a primordial phyllodium) 2—6 or 8 inches long, 3 line to 14 line in diameter, very rigid, woody when dry, simple or irre- gularly branched, the branches more or less winged with the remains of a dilapidated lamina. Leaves either continuous with the branches, or spring- ing irregularly from their sides, 3-6 inches long, ¢-1 inch wide, rigidly membranous, undulate or much curled, linear-oblong, very obtuse at each end, sharply lacero-serrate throughout, midribbed and closely penninerved with slender, parallel, patent veins. The midrib is serrated at back, and the veins generally rough with proliferous processes, some of which are converted into fruit. Young leaves always spring from the midribs of the older. The cystocarps are unknown. Stichidia are abundantly borne on the nerves: they are narrow-linear, mucronate, simple or proliferously com- pound, containing a double row of vertically flattened tetraspores. The surface-cellules are minute ; the areolations, seen under a moderate lens, are indicative of the large central cells of the frond. Colour, when recent, a very deep full red, slightly purplish; when dry red-brown or brown. Sud- stance very crisp and rigid. It does not in the least adhere to paper in drying. A rare species, and interesting as one of the few Dictymenie that are found within the tropical as well as temperate zones. It was first described by Turner, from an East Indian specimen, preserved in Vahl’s herbarium, and, more recently, it has been gathered by Dr. Wight, on the Madras coast, and by myself on the south coast of Ceylon. But none of the Indian specimens that I have seen approach in size and beauty to those found in Western Australia. ‘The cystocarpic fruit is still a desideratum ; the stichidia are very commonly found. Fig. 1. DictyMENIA FRAXINIFOLIA,—the natural size. 2. Section through the lamina. 38. Portion of the surface of the lamina, showing the serrated margin, and the s¢ichidia rising from the nerves. 4. A stichidium. 5. A tetraspore :—the latter figures variously magnified. Plate CAXV. Ser. CHLOROSPERMES. Fam. Siphonacea. Puate CXXV. HALIMEDA INCRASSATA, Zama. Gun. Cuar. Roots fibrous, much branched. Frond dendroid, articulato- constricted, with flattened internodes (or articulations), coated with a calcareous crust, and composed internally of a plexus of longitudinal, subparallel, unicellular, branching filaments.—Hatmepa (Lamour.), from one of the Nereds. Radix fibrosa, ramosissima. Frons dendroidea, articulato-constricta, internodis (articulisve) planiusculis, crusté calcared corticata, intus e filis longitudinalibus subparallelis intertextis unicellularibus ramosis composita. Hatmepa tucrassata ; frond subsolitary, erect, flabelliform, distichously much branched ; articulations thickened, the lowest compresso-terete, quadrate; the medial cuneate; the upper compressed, obscurely re- pando-crenate, or oblong and moniliform. H. incrassata ; fronde subsolitaria erecta flabelliformi distiche ramosissima, arti- culis inerassatis, inferioribus compresso-teretibus quadratis, mediis cuneatis ob- longisve, superioribus nunc repando-crenatis nunc oblongis ad genicula monili- Sormiter constrictis. HaLiImEpA incrassata, Lame. Exp. Meth. p. 25; Polyp. p. 307. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 504. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pars 3. p. 24. Hauimepa monilis, Lame. l.c. Kiilz. Sp. p. 505. FLABELLARIA incrassata, Lamarck, An. Mus. v. 20. p. 302. CoRALLINA incrassata, lis et Sol. p. 111. t. 20 d. CoRALLINA monilis, Hlis et Sol. p. 110. ¢. 20 C. Hap. On (dead) coral reefs. Albany Island, tropical Australia. Dr. Ferd. Miller. Grocr. Distr. Common on the coral reefs of the tropical Pacific. West Indies. Keys of Florida. Descr. Root, a compact, intricately interwoven mass of slender, branching fibres, as large as a pigeon’s egg, or larger. Frond solitary, or two or three from the same base, 4—8 inches high, flabelliform in outline, fastigiate, subtricho- tomously branched or polychotomous, all the branches and their divisions erect, gradually attenuated towards the extremities. Articulations very thick, quadrate or oblong, or the medial obscurely cuneate, the lowest most terete, the upper more compressed; the lowest 3—4 lines in breadth, the upper 1-2 lines, the very uppermost scarcely a line broad. The uppermost ramuli are sometimes bead-shaped, with much contracted nodes ; sometimes flattened, and a little separate. Colour, when growing, a yellowish-green, becoming pale in the herbarium, and chalky-white if exposed to the elements. Substance stony, calcareous ; the tissues containing much lime. a Specimens of this species were collected by Dr. Mueller during Mr. Gregory’s expedition to North Australia; but our figure is drawn from one gathered by myself at the Friendly Islands in the Pacific. It is a characteristic and common plant on coral rocks within the tropics of both hemispheres, growing on the upper surface of the reef, where the coral is dead and covered with sand and debris. The matted roots sink deep im the sand, and take a firm grip on the indurated matter below. A second species of Halimeda (H. macroloba, Dene.) occurs Western Australia; and no doubt H. Opuntia will yet be found on the northern or north-western coast. /. incrassata is readily known from both these by its thicker substance, and much nar- rower articulations; the ends of the branches often extending like fingers or toes. Fig. 1. Hatmmppa INcRASSATA,—the natural size. late CXXV/. D BE - ‘ 2 rT PSs 7 154 iz Tee MGB VigZ GD fy KE Pr apt tt y3 oe = eae ba oe <3 gen pote - =) ees! — Ser. RHopoOSsPERMEZ. Fam. Lehodomelacee. Puare CXXVI. RHODOMELA TRIGENEA, Zar. Gen. Cuan. Frond terete, dendroid, inarticulate, solid, coated with minute polygonal cellules; the axis articulated, polysiphonous. /ructifica- tion: 1, ovate ceramidia containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, tetraspores lodged in swollen ramuli or in pod-like stichidia, in a sin- gle or double row.—Ruopometa (4g.), from podeos, red, and wedas, black ; because these plants become darker in drying. Frons teres, dendroidea, inarticulata, solida, cellulis minutis polygonis corticata ; axi articulato polysiphonio. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata, sporas pedicellatas fasciculatas pyriformes foventia ; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in ramulis immerse v. in stichidiis propriis evolute. Ruopvometa Zrigenea ; frond tall, very thick and rigid, slightly branched, branches subsimple, densely beset on all sides with short, setaceous, acute, subsimple, rigid, fascicled, patent ramuli; ceramidia globose, sessile on the sides of the ramuli. Rt. Trigenea ; fronde elata crassissima rigida parcissime ramosa, ramis simplicius- culis undique densissime ramulis obsessis, ramulis quaquaversum egredientibus brevibus setaceis acutis simplicibus v. vie ramosis rigidis fasciculatis patenti- bus, ceramidiis globosis ad ramulorum latera sessilibus. TRIGENEA australis, Sond. in Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 54. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 181. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 37. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 841. Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 538. Ruopome.a vestita, Harv. MSS. in Herb. (1838). Has. Cast ashore. Fremantle, Backhouse, Preiss, G. Clifton, W. H. H., South Australia, Dr. Curdie. Port Phillip Heads, Dr. PY. Miler. Geoar. Distr. West and south coasts of Australia. Descr. Root ? Frond 12-16 inches long, 13-2 lines in diameter, very opaque, dividing irregularly into 3-4 a or simply forked, with wide rounded axils. "Branches 6-8 inches long, flexuous or incurved, simple or emitting one or more shorter, ae al, secondary branches, densely clothed throughout with short, subsimple, fascicled ramuli. Ramus 6-8 lines long, setaceous, spreading to all sides, horizontally patent or squarrose, simple or with one or two lateral branchlets, or forking, quite opaque, with minute surface-cel- lules, acute, tapering at base. Ceramidia globose, sessile on the sides of the ramuli, a short distance below the apex, which is then incurved, and forms a sort of bract to the ceramidium. Colour a dark, full red, becoming brownish in drying. Substance very rigid, horny when dry, in which state the plant does not adhere to paper. My first acquaintance with this plant was from a specimen given me in 1838 by Mr. James Backhouse, and I then placed it, unhesitatingly, im the genus Rhodomela ; but did not publish it with aname. Afterwards, in 1845, Sonder described it, from Preiss’s specimens, under the name Zrigenca australis, which name I adopted in the ‘ Nereis.’ Lastly, in 1854, having col- lected personally, and received from Mr. Clifton, Dr. Curdie, and Dr. Mueller, more perfect specimens, I return to my earlier opinion, and replace it among the Riodomele, retaining Sonder’s name “ Zrigenea”’ for the species. So far as the fructification is known, it agrees with Rhodomela, and there is nothing in structure or habit which compels us to put it in a different genus. ‘The multiplication of generic groups which have no strongly marked limits, is one of the banes of modern botany. Fig 1. Ruopometa TricEnea,—the natural size. 2. A ramulus, with cerami- dium. 3. Cross section of the ramulus :—the latter figures variously mag- nified. tile Ser. RuoposPpeRMEA. Fam. Lhodomelacea. Puate CXXVII. MARTENSIA DENTICULATA, Zarv. Gen. Cuan. Hrond substipitate or sessile, membranous, nerveless, fringed (at maturity) with an open network, formed of vertical and horizon- tal anastomosing bars and cross-bars. Fructification : 1, ceramidia, containing, within a membranous pericarp, a dense tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, ¢e¢raspores, usually lodged in the cross-bars of the net- work.—Marrensta (Hering), in honour of Professor Martens, of Brussels. Frons substipitata v. sessilis, membranacea, enervis, areolata, infra marginem (in atate majore) clathrato-fenestrata ; reticulo ex trabeculis verticalibus et ho- rizontalibus formato. Fruct.:-1, ceramidia; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in laminis verticalibus reticuli immerse. Martensta denticulata ; fronds sessile, tufted, delicately membranaceous, repeatedly dichotomous ; segments cuneate, the uppermost very often flabelliform ; margin curled and denticulate; upper margin of the network ciliate, dentate or lobulate, the lobules at length elongate and fenestrate. M. denticulata ; frondibus sessilibus cespitosis tenuissime membranaceis repetite dichotomis, laciniis cuneatis ultimis non raro flabelliformibus, margine crispato denticulato, reticulo apice ciliato, denticulato v. lobato, lobulis demum elon- gatis fenestratisque. Martensta denticulata, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 537. Hare. Alg. Austr. Hesic. n. 112. Haz. On rocks and Alge, at extreme low-water mark, Garden Island, Rottnest Island, Fremantle ; frequently cast ashore in winter, V7. H. HH. G. Clifton. Grocer. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Hronds densely tufted, quite sessile, 2-3 inches long, as much in expansion, repeatedly forked, with rounded but narrow axils, fastigiate ; the segments linear-cuneate, the uppermost often obovate or orbicular. Margin wavy, irregularly but sharply denticulate, rarely suben- tire or remotely toothed. Network gradually formed at the end of the branches, finally extending about 3 or 2 down their length, composed of very slender vertical and horizontal bars; the uppermost margin toothed or ciliate ; the teeth, in old specimens, frequently lengthen into small linear lobes, which sometimes bear secondary networks at their apices. The ra- mification of the frond is very variable, and so is the proportion of the divi- sions to each other. Ceramidia (very rare) sessile on the network, ovate- urceolate, with a prominent orifice. Zefraspores abundantly formed on the bars of the network, spherical, ternately parted. Colowr variable ac- cording to the age or freshness of the specimen; when quite fresh it is greenish-purple, reflecting iridescent tints ; on exposure, or in fresh-water, it rapidly assumes a brighter red, and sometimes becomes rosy or blood- red. Substance very delicate, soon decomposing in fresh-water. In drying the frond closely adheres to paper. This delicately-beautiful Alga is by no means rare at Rott- nest Island, after winter gales, being cast up on most of the sandy beaches to the west of the pilot’s house. It grows on rocks, just below low-water mark, at the little cove called “ Bag- dad,” and elsewhere. As a species, it is readily known from the other Australian kinds by its toothed or ciliate margin, and by the dark, often livid colour, when fresh. It is also of thinner substance, and more densely tufted than the others. Indeed, it is much more nearly allied to the Ceylon JZ. fragilis than to the Australian species, and perhaps it may not always be clearly distinguish- able from that plant. Generally the margin and colour define it, but specimens sometimes occur in which the toothing is obsolete and the colour bright. 1 have not seen it forming glo- bular tufts, as 17. fragilis does ; but such a character is hardly specific, and the external form is so varied in different speci- mens from the same beach, that it gives us little aid. Fig. 1, 2, 3, different varieties of MarrensIa DENTICULATA,—the natural size. 4. Portion of the lamina, showing the toothed margin, and part of a_net- work. 5. Small portions of a network, bearing ¢e¢raspores on the longi- tudinal bars. 6. Tetraspores 2x situ. 7. Surface-cells from the basal por- tion of the frond :—the latter figures variously magnified. Ser. MELANOSPERMEA. Fam. Fucacea. Pirate CXXVIII. CARPOGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, 7 4. Grn. Cuan. Root discoid. Frond with subdistinct stem and leaves, pin- nate; leaves vertically flattened, imperfectly costate. Vesicles and receptacles none. Spore-cavities scattered over both surfaces of the leaves, hemispherically prominent, moncecious. Paranemata simple.— Carpoctossum (Azitz.), from xaprros, fruit, and yAwooa, a tongue ; because the fruit-bearing leaves are tongue-shaped. Radix scutata. Frons caule a foliis subdistincto heterogenea, pinnatim decom- posita ; phyllodius verticaliter applanatis, immerse costatis. Receptacula pro- pria et vesicule nulle, Scaphidia in utraque pagina foliorum sparsa, hemi- spherice prominentia, monoica. Spore obovoidee, subsessiles. Paranemata simpliciuscula. Carpoctossum angustifolium ; frond laxly pinnated; stem two-edged, broader than the patent pinnatifid phyllodia; pinnules linear, very entire, obtuse; spore-cavities in a double row. C. angustifolium ; fronde laxiuscule pinnata ; caule ancipiti, phyllodiis paten- tibus pinnatifidis latiore ; laciniis linearibus integerrimis obtusis, scaphidirs biseriatis. CarpoGLossuM angustifolium, J. 4g. Sp. Alg.v.1.p.194. Harv. Alg. Austr. Eesic. n. 39. Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 534. PLATYTHALIA angustifolia, Sond. Bot. Zeit. 1845. p. 51. Alg. Preiss, v. 2. p. 158. MyrioprsMa angustifolium, Avitz. Sp. Alg. p. 588. Has. Western Australia, Preiss, Myine. At Cape Riche, V.H. H. Goer. Distr. Western and south-western coasts of Australia. Duscr. Root a bulbous mass, emitting stout fibres. Séems many from the same base, 2-3 feet long, 2-24 lines wide, nearly equally broad throughout, two- edged or flat, with a thickening or rib in the middle, slightly zigzag, naked below for several inches, or a foot or more above the base, thence to the summit regularly pinnate or bipinnate; the general outline lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate. Pinne alternate, issuing from the sharp edge of the stem, erecto-patent, $-14 inch apart, deeply pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, with linear, entire lacinie, 1-14 line wide, 1-1} inch long, very obtuse. Receptacles formed from the laciniz or pinnules, not much altered or swollen, but pierced with a double row of pores, under which are placed the spore- cavities. Spores elliptical. Colour a deep brownish-olive, becoming black in the herbarium. Swdstance coriaceous when fresh, brittle when dry. It does not adhere to paper in drying. This fucoid, so far as known, is limited to Western Australia, but found from one end of the colony to the other. A glance at the figure is sufficient to show how readily it may be known from C. quercifolium (Plate XLIII.), the only other West Austra- lian species ; and it is still less like C. confluens, the East Austra- lian species. As already noticed under Plate XLIII., the genus Carpoglossum is scarcely distinct, on the one side from d/yrio- desma, and on the other from Fucodium ; or indeed from Fucus. Fig. 1. CARPoGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM,—the natural size. 2. A receptacle, or fertile pinnule. 3. Cross section, showing two spore-cavities (scaphidia), and spores iz situ. 4. A spore :—the latter figures variously magnified. Plate CXXTX. 7 YZ aN Da Le Ser. RuoposPpERMEA. Fam. Rhodymeniacea. Puate CXXIX. RHABDONIA? GLOBIFERA, J. 4. Gun. Cuar. Frond filiform, decompound, imperfectly tubular ; tube partly filled with longitudinal, branching and anastomosing filaments ;_peri- pheric stratum composed of polygonal cellules, smaller toward the cir- cumference. Fructification : 1, conceptactes immersed in the branches, suspended among the axial filaments, and enclosed in a network of filaments, containing moniliform strings of spores, radiating from a central placenta; 2, zonate ¢e¢raspores dispersed through the super- ficial stratum.—Ruapvonta (Harv.), from paBdos, a twig; in allusion to the twiggy ramification of the species. Frons filiformis, decomposite ramosa, tubulosa ; tubo filis longitudinalibus ramosis anastomosantibus percurso ; strato peripherico ex cellulis angulatis superficiem versus minoribus conteato. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia infra stratum periphericum suspensa, reticulo filorum velata, carpostomio demum aperta, fila sporifera moniliformia a placenta centrali emissa continentia; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise, per ramos minores sparse, immerse. Ruasponta globifera ; frond terete, sparingly branched ; branches virgate, densely beset on all sides with obovate, saccate ramuli. R. globifera ; fronde terete crassiuscula simpliciuscula vel parce ramosa ; ramis virgatis ramulis obovatis saccatis undique densissime obsessis. Ruasponta? globifera, J. 4g. Sp. Aly. v. 2. p. 355? (excl. syn. plur.). Fucus globiferus, Lamour. in Herb. Paris. ?, fide J. Ag. l.c. Has. Coasts of New Holland, Herd. Paris. Near Fremantle, Western Australia, G. Clifton. Groar. Distr. West coast of Australia. Descr. Root a bulbous tubercle. Stems two or more from the same base, 6 inches high, % a line in diameter, simple or alternately or vaguely branched ; the branches erecto-patent, quite simple, virgate, the younger parts con- stricted at the nodes. Both stem and branches are densely beset on all sides with subhorizontal, imperfectly whorled, obovate, saccate, very obtuse ramuli, 2-3 lines long, and nearly 1 line in diameter. These ramuli are membranous, and filled with more or less densely interwoven, anastomosing, longitudinal filaments; the membrane consists of a single row of quadrate or oblong, coloured cells. The stem has a similar structure, but more dense, and its periphery is formed of two or more rows of cells. The fruit is unknown. The colour is a very dark brownish-red, turning darker in drying. The sudstance is rigid, and the plant scarcely adheres to paper in drying. Under Plate X. of Vol. I. (Chrysymenia obovata), I have quoted, from Professor J. Agardh, several synonyms, two of which I now wish to transfer to the present Alga, which I sup- pose may be the frue “ Rhabdonia globifera” of Agardh. It has externally a habit strikingly like some of the smaller and denser specimens of Ch. obovata, but its cellular structure is widely different ; and in this latter character it seems to agree with the plant described by Agardh from the Paris Herbarium. Whether that be the plant figured by Lamouroux under the name “ Gigartina ovata,” is uncertain ; his figure will serve for either plant, and, of the two, bears a greater resemblance to Sonder’s Chrysymenia obovata than to the subject of the present Plate. Thus much is certain: there are at least ¢wo plants confounded under Rhabdonia globifera of Agardh. One of them is Chrys. obovata, Sond. ! (our Plate X.) ; the other may be what is here figured, or if not, must be a closely allied species of similar structure and habit. My figure is drawn from a single specimen sent to me by Mr. Clifton, and preserved in the Dublin University Herbarium. It seems to be of very rare occurrence, whereas Ch. obovata is a very common plant both in Western Australia and along the south coast as far as Bass’s Straits. The habit of R. globifera is peculiar in the genus Rhabdoma, — and in this respect it agrees better with Mrythroclonium, but it wants the central axile filament characteristic of that genus. It may perhaps be a matter for future decision whether the genera Areschougia, Rhabdonia, and Erythroclonium, ought not to be united under a common name and character. : j . i Nee et! | , at . r “ re v | fi 1 ’ D ' : i - * ’ P. od ‘ A ‘o4 j > + ad ’ " ‘ . - 4 { 7 i} “ . re 1 j : \ i | “i p a = f os F 4 j / , ; . 4 ¥ - ; « a ee Ser. MmLANOSPERMER. Fam. Fucacea. Puate CXXXI. TURBINARIA GRACILIS, Sond. Grn. Cuar. Root branching. Frond alternately decompound, with dis- tinct stem, vesicles, and receptacles; the leaves confluent with the vesicles. Leaf-vesicles stipitate, turbinate, crowned with a peltate lamina. Aeceptacles pod-like, toruloso-verrucose, dichotomously branched, axillary. Scaphidia dicecious? Spores obovoid.—Tur- BINARIA (Lamour.), from turbo, ‘atop ;’ from the top-shaped vesicles. Radix ramosa. rons alterne decomposita, caule proprio, ramis, vesiculis re- ceptaculisqgue donata; folvis cum vesiculis confluentibus. Folia vesiculata stipitata, turbinata, lamind peltatd horizontali apice coronata. Receptacula stliqgueformia, toruloso-verrucosa, dichotome ramosa, awillaria. Scaphidia dioica? Spore obovoidee. TURBINARIA gracilis; branches slender, reflexed at their insertion; vesi- cles obconical or subglobose, obtuse at the apex, crowned with a wide, irregularly toothed lamina ; receptacles much branched. T. gracilis; ramis gracilibus retrofleais ; foliis vesiculosis obconicis sphericisque apice obtuso membrana lata vage dentata coronatis ; receptaculis axillaribus ramosis. TURBINARIA gracilis, Sond. in Bot. Zeit. 1845, p.52. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 165. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 268. Has. Western Australia, Prezss, Mylne. Groer. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. foot and stem not known. Branches 12-18 inches long, slender, terete, rough with remains of broken ramuli, and furnished in the upper half with several lesser branches, or ramuli. Ramuli 3-5 inches long, retroflexed at their insertion, patent, simple, set throughout with leaf-vesicles in alter- nately spiral order. Vesicles on pedicels 2-3 lines long, obconical or swollen, and then subspherical, covered with prominent glands, and crowned round the naked summit with a broadish, more or less toothed or laciniate, peltate lamina. Receptacles springing from the stipes of the vesicle, a short way from the axil, much branched ; the branches spreading, forked, obtuse, torulose. Colour olivaceous when recent, turning very dark when dry. Substance coriaceous, rather brittle when dry. It does not adhere to paper. Whether this be a true species, or merely an attenuated form of the 7. vulgaris, is a point which I leave undecided. The retroflexed insertion of the branches, noticed by Sonder, is not more striking in this plant than in large, deep-water specimens of 7. vulgaris. Indeed, except in the slenderness of all parts, and in the sub-distant and laxly inserted leaf-vesicles, I find no absolute distinctive characters. The 7. vulgaris has not yet been recorded as Australian, but it probably will be found on the northern or north-western coasts, or on the great coral reefs of the north-east. Our 7. gracilis seems to be very rare. I am indebted to Herr Binder, Biirgermeister of Hamburg, for the specimen here figured, which is larger and in better condition than earlier specimens given to me by Dr. Lemann. Mr. Clifton has not as yet sent this plant. Fig. 1. TuRBINARIA GRACILIS,—the natural size. 2. One of the leaf-vesicles, bearing a tuft of fruit, on its pedicel :—magnijfied. 17 EV TF aa Le AKA if x V v wy Ser. RuopospERMEA. Fam. Rhodomelacea. : Prats CXXXIT. ACANTHOPHORA ARBOREA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform, cartilaginous, irregularly decompound, opaque, coated with small, polygonal, irregularly placed cellules ; aazs articu- lated, polysiphonous. amuli short, spine-like, acute, inserted on all sides. Fructification : 1, urceolate ceramidia, containing within a cel- lular pericarp a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, tripartite ¢etraspores, lodged in globose, sessile stichidia.—AcantuopHora (Lamour.), from axav@a, a thorn, and dopew, to bear; alluding to the spine-like ramuli. Frons filiformis, cartilaginea, vage ramosa, opaca, cellulis minutis polygonis irre- gularibus corticata ; axi polysiphonio. Ramuli spineformes, acuti, undique imserta. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ; 2, stichidia globosa, sessilia, tetrasporas tri- angule partitas foventia. AcantHorHora arborea; frond tree-like, robust, decompoundly much branched ; primary branches long, tapering upwards, laterally much branched ; secondary branches short, dichotomo-multifid, the ramuli very short, spinulous; spines subulate, fasciculate, inserted on all sides and imbricating ; ceramidia subterminal, pedunculate, ovate. A. arborea; fronde dendroidea incrassata decomposite ramosissima ; ramis pri- mariis elongatis versus apicem attenuatis lateraliter ramosissimis, ramis secun- dariis brevibus dichotomo-multifidis, ramulis brevissimis spinulosis, spinulis subulatis fasciculatis undique insertis imbricatis ; ceramidiis subterminalibus pedunculatis ovatis. AcCANTHOPHORA arborea, Harv. in Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 296. ACANTHOPHORA Tasmanica, Harv. Alg. Ewsic. Austr. n. 140, non Sond. Has. Rocks at low-water mark. In the Tamar, above Georgetown, on the shore under Mr. Lawrence’s domain, Rev. J. Fereday and W. H. H. Grocr. Distr. Tasmania. Descr. Root discoid. Fronds 12-20 inches long, dendroid, excessively branched, the main stem cartilagineo-coriaceous, percurrent, nearly a line in diameter below, attenuated upwards. Branches 3-6 inches long, spreading to all sides, bushy, several times decompound, all the divisions alternate, erecto- patent, and inserted on all sides in an irregularly spiral order: the smaller divisions scarcely thicker than hog’s-bristle. The spine-like ramuli are very minute and closely set, with 2—3 incurved, subfalcate teeth at the extremity. Ceramidia ovate, on long peduncles, or terminating short branchlets, densely cellular. The frond is perfectly opaque in all parts, and coated with small irregular cells; a transverse section shows four large cells surrounding the axile cell, and many rows of smaller exterior cellules, ending in the peri- phery formed of coloured cells. The colour of the frond when growing is a dark brownish- or purplish-red ; when dry it is black. The suds¢ance is firm and tough, not very soft, and in drying the younger parts adhere closely, the older loosely, to paper. The several so-called species of the genus Acanthophora do not rest on very certain or absolute characters, and in adding one to the number, perhaps I ought to make an apology. ‘The present is still larger, more tree-like, and more densely ramuliferous than A. dendroides, its nearest ally; and is of a darker colour, and more rigid substance. It is quite different in habit from 4. Zus- manica, Sond., for which I formerly mistook it ; nor is there any other species of similar aspect. The microscopic characters, throughout this genus, are but too similar. Still there are ap- preciable differences in the spine-like ramuli, as well as in the general ramification. Fig. 1. ACANTHOPHORA ARBOREA,—the natural size. 2. Small portion of the frond, showing the form and insertion of the spine-like ramuli. 3. A cross section of a branch. 4. A ceramidium on its peduncle :—the latter figures variously magnified. Plate CXXAIH. Vincent Brooks, Imp. Ser. RnoposPpeRME. Fam. Cryptonemiacee. Pratt CX XXIII. HALYMENIA SACCATA, Zar. Gun. Cuan. Frond terete, compressed or flat, gelatinoso-membranaceous, dichotomous or pinnatifid, composed of two strata; the medullary stratum formed of a few, laxly interlaced, branching filaments, lying in gelatine; the cortical membranous, formed of minute, coloured cellules. Fructification: 1, favelle immersed in the frond, sus- pended under the peripheric stratum ; 2, cruciate fe¢raspores, scattered through the surface-cellules.—HatymeEnta (4y.), from aAs, the sea, and vpny, a membrane. Frons teres, compressa v. plana, gelatinoso-membranacea, dichotoma v. vage pinnatifida, stratis duobus composita; strato medullari ex filis paucis laxe in- tricatis ramosis succo gelatinoso immersis, peripherico membranaceo cellulis minutis coloratis formato. Fruct.: 1, favelle frondi immerse, infra stratum periphericum suspense ; 2, tetraspore sparse, cruciatim divise. HatymMeEnta saccata ; frond cylindrical, saccate, hollow, vaguely decom- pound; branches constricted at their insertion, simple, bag-lke, ta- pering to a blunt extremity. Il. saccata ; fronde cylindracea saccata cava vage decomposita ; ramis ramu- lisque basi arcte constrictis simplicibus saccatis sursum attenuatis obtusius- cults. HaLYMENIA saccata, Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 327. Has. Georgetown, Tasmania, W. Archer, Esq. Geroer. Distr. Tasmania. Duscr. Root discoid. Frond 8-12 inches long, }-? inch in diameter at the thickest part, tapering to base and apex, quite simple, bag-like, hollow or filled with loose gelatine, the walls delicately and softly gelatinoso-membra- naceous. This primary frond emits irregularly from its sides numerous secondary fronds or branches of similar character; and these throw out small tertiary fronds or vamudi, also similar, until, in full-grown specimens, the general frond becomes irregularly much-branched and dendroid, or ra- ther, ‘‘cactoid.” No order of ramification is followed, and the lesser divi- sions may with equal propriety be described as branches, constricted at their insertion, or as proliferous repetitions of a simple primary frond. All the divisions taper to the extremity, which is either perfectly blunt or sub- acute. The walls of the tubular fronds are formed of horizontally placed, radiating, dichotomous strings of cellules, lying imbedded in transparent gelatine: they seem to rise from the remaius of a network, which, probably, in an early stage of growth, traverses the centre of the tube, but which dis- appears on the inflation of the branch. avelle, lying beneath the peri- pheric layer, are scattered over the branches; and cruciate ¢etraspores are dispersed among the filaments of the periphery, on separate individuals. The colour of the frond is a full rosy-red, paler in the tetraspore-bearing in- dividuals, which are also more succulent than those that produce favelle. The substance is very soft, gelatinous and full when recent ; the frond closely adheres to paper in drying, and shrinks to a mere film. This appears to be a rare species. As yet I have only seen two specimens, given me by William Archer, Esq., of Cheshunt, Tasmania; one of them producing favelle, the other ¢etraspores. The gencral habit and fructification agree sufficiently with Aa- lymenia, but the structure of the periphery is rather more com- plex. Still, there is nothing so discordant as to force us to construct a genus for our present plant. Externally there is a striking resemblance to two Algee of very different structure and affinities, namely, our Bindera splachnoides (Plate CXI.), and the Chrysymenia Enteromorpha of the Keys of Florida. These three have the same colour, substance, and ramification, so much so, that, structure and fruit apart, they could with difficulty be dis- tinguished : affording another evidence of the necessity of exa- mining the intimate structure of Algze, before deciding on their affinities. Fig. 1. HatyMEentia saccata,—the natural size. 2. Portion of the periphery, with imbedded ¢etraspores. 3. A tetraspore. 4. Portion of periphery, with an immersed favella :—variously magnified. a Ser. RnopospERMEA. Fam. Laurenciacea. Pratt CXXXIV. DELISEA HYPNEOIDES, Zar. Gny. Cuar. Frond linear, compressed, two-edged, alternately decom- pound, distichous, the branches and ramuli pectinato-serrate, with an immersed costa, and central articulated filament; medullary stratum composed of roundish-angular, closely-packed cells ; cortical, of very minute, coloured cellules in several rows. Frwit: 1, obliquely ovate ceramidia, sessile on the midrib, near the summit of the branches, containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, zonate ¢e¢raspores im- mersed in wart-like swellings (wemathecia) of the apices.—DELISEA (Zamour.), in honour of M. Delise, a French naturalist. Frons linearis, compresso-anceps, alterne decomposita, disticha, ramis ramulisque argute pectinato-serratis, plus minus conspicue costata, filo centrali articulato percursa ; strato medullari ex cellulis magnis rotundato-angulatis hyalinis, corticali ex cellulis minutis pluriserialibus coloratis formato. Fruct.: 1, cera- midia ovata ad costam prope apices ramorum sessilia, intra pericarpium cellu- losum sporas oblongo-pyriformes longe pedicellatas foventia; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise in verrucis apices ramulorum investientibus evolute. Deuisea /Aypneoides ; frond filiform, slender, flaccid, flexuose, decom- poundly much branched ; branches erecto-patent, the primary long and virgate, secondary and tertiary short, all distichously ciliate ; cilia filiform-subulate, distant, alternate or secund, often pectinate on one edge; ceramidia sessile on the rachis under the tips of the branches, ovate, opening transversely. D. hypneoides ; fronde filiformi gracili flaccida flexuosa decomposite ramosis~ sima, ramis erecto-patentibus, primariis longissime virgatis, secundariis tertia- risque minoribus, omnibus distiche ciliatis, ciliis filiformi-subulatis distantibus alternis v. secundis, sepe uno latere pectinatis, ceramidiis infra apices ramu- lorum in rachide sessilibus lateralibus ovatis, ore laterali. Deisea hypneoides, Harv. Alg. Austr. Ewsic. n. 248. Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 305. Has. Western Port, Victoria, VW. H. H. Georgetown, Tasmania, Rev. John Fereday. Grocr. Distr. South coast of New Holland. Tasmania. Descr. Frond 2 feet long or more, scarcely quarter-line in diameter, filiform, subcompressed, excessively branched, distichous. Primary branches a foot or more in length, flexuous, irregularly set throughout with lateral, subal- ternate, secondary branches of various lengths, longer and shorter intermixed without order; these secondaries bearing a third or fourth series of similar but still shorter branchlets. Both the main frond, the branches, and ramuli are bordered at distances of about a line, with slender setaceo-subulate cilia. The cilia are horizontally patent or recurved, two lines long, and are either simple or pectinated on one side with a second series of similar cilia. The conceptacles are ovate, sessile immediately beneath the point of the smaller branches, their aperture being directed away from the apex of the branch: those examined (probably immature) did not contain any true spores, but a tuft of dichotomous, very slender, beaded filaments or para- nemata. 'The colour is a deep full-red, becoming paler and more rosy in fresh-water. The sudséance is peculiarly soft and flaccid, and in drying the frond adheres most closely to paper. This is much the most slender, most flaccid, and most diffusely branched species of Delisea, and is also one of the largest. Some of the most finely branched specimens are exceedingly slender and delicate, and beautifully feathery, with a habit more like that of a Hypuea than of the genus to which, by its fruit and structure, it truly belongs. It is not very uncommon at Western Port, but much rarer, apparently, in ‘Tasmania. Perfect conceptacles are still a desideratum. ‘Those examined by me were either m an immature or an abortive state. None contained any true spores ; and whether the moniliform filaments shown at Fig. 4 be the commencement of spores or merely para- nemata is uncertain. Fig. 1. DELIsSEA HYPNEOIDES,—the natural size. 2. Small portion of a branch, withramulus. 3. Apex of a fruiting-branch, with its conceptacle. 4. Some of the barren filaments (paranemata) from the conceptacle :—variously magnified. Ser. MELANOSPERMES. Fam. Fucacea. Puate CXXXV. HORMOSIRA BANKSII, Dene. Gen. Cuar. Root discoid. Frond without distinct organs, moniliform, branched; the internodes inflated and fertile. Spore-cavities sunk in the periphery of the vesicated internodes, dicecious. Spores linear- pyriform, subsessile. Paranemata simple.—Hormosira (Hndl.), from opmos, a necklace, and cepa, a chain. Radix discoidea. Frons, organis nullis discretis, moniliformis, ramosa; inter- nodiis inflato-vesicatis, demum fertilibus. Scaphidia in peripherio vesicularum immersa, numerosissima, dioica. Spore lineari-pyriformes, subsessiles. Pa- ranemata simplicia. Hormostra Banksii ; vesicated receptacles ovoid or obconical, wingless. Dene. An. Sc. Nat. ser. 2. xvi. 330. Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 285. H. Banksii; receptaculis ovoideis obconicisve teretibus. Var. a. Banksii ; frond divaricate, with patent branches and very wide angles ; vesicles cuneate, depressed at the summit, the terminal ovoid. Hormosrra Banksii, Due. l.c. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 30. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. l.p. 198. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 586. CystrosEira Banksii, 47. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 60; Syst. p. 284. Fucus Banksii, Turn. Hist. t. 1. MoniuiFrorMtIA Banksii, Bory, Cog. p. 134. Var. 8. Labillardieri ; frond very long, di-trichotomous, with narrower axils ; vesicles ovoid, rounded at each end, the terminal ones sometimes cylindrical. Hormostrra Billardieri, Mont. D’ Ure. Voy. Pol. Sud, p. 62. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. p.199. Kitz. Sp. Alg.p.586. Fl. N. Zeal. v. 2. p. 215. Montutrormia Labillardieri, Bory, Cog. p. 133. Rich. Astrolabe, p. 18. Fucus moniliformis, Ladill. N. Holl. t. 262. Var. y. Siebert; frond short, dichotomous, fastigiate ; vesicles obconic, trun- cate at the upper extremity, and either truncate or tapering at the lower ; terminal ovoid. Hormosira Sieberi, Dene. l.c. Endl. 3rd Suppl. l.c. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p.199. Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. v. 2. p. 215. Tormosira obconica, Aiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 586. Monttirormria Sieberi, Bory, Cog. p. 134. A. Rich. N. Zeal. v. 2. p. 139. Var. 8. gracilis; very slender, darren, the internodes fusiform, tapering at each end. Hormosira gracilis, Kitz. Sp. dlg. v. 2. p. 586. Has. Littoral rocks, from near high-water mark to the laminarian zone, along the south and south-east coasts of New Holland. Abundant. Geroar. Distr. Australia. Tasmania. New Zealand. Dzscr. Frond from two inches to two or three feet or more in length, varying in dimensions according to the depth of water at which it grows, dichoto- mously or irregularly branched, consisting of a series of inflated internodes and filiform nodes; the internodes partaking of the characters of vesicles and receptacles. Leaves none. Vesicated internodes very variable in size and shape, spherical, oblong, ovoid, obconic, obovate, or somewhat cupped ; occasionally prolonged into cylinders 2-3 inches long; the centre hollow, and more or less inflated, with a few central threads; the periphery coria- ceous, cellular, and when fertile (as is usually the case) filled with spore- cavities of the usual fucoid structure. Colour olivaceous or bottle-green, becoming black in drying. Swdstance rigid. Whoever has seen and carefully studied this plant on its na- tive coasts will, if I mistake not, fully agree with me in redu- cing to one species the several synonyms enumerated, and the several forms represented on our Plate. The differences in size and shape of the vesicles seem to result merely from local causes ; either from the depth of water at which the specimen was grown, or from exposure to open sea, or shelter in enclosed harbours. The form called Billardieri grows in deep water; Banksii in sheltered harbours; and Siebert and gracilis on exposed tidal rocks or in small rock-pools. Intermediate forms between all the varieties may readily be found. But, in truth, this species does not present nearly so many variations as the Fucus vesicu- /osus of the northern hemisphere. Fig. 1. Hormosrra Banxsit, var. Billardieri. 2. Var. Banksii. 3. Var. Bil- lardiert, with cylindrical extremities. 4. Var. Siebert. 5 and 6. Var. gra- cilis :—all of the natural size. © =~ 7 2 - 7 =< . : 7 Che ; _ ; A ae) ba ’ : : athe @ “ ll 7 ‘ = — = ' - ‘ ; mus - 7 7 = i . 4 G 3 ® i c - - =, , : 4 d * * f e om = ? , ' = oy I : Land, > 3 ; : t 7 . $ = 7 s a y . 7 . F - a ; Fs Plate CXXXV ed 7a en 553) SEA Ser. RHopDOSPERMES. Fam. Helminthocladeae. Prats CXXXVI. GALAXAURA (MICROTHOE) MARGINATA, Zame. Gun. Cuar. Frond dichotomous, thinly incrusted with carbonate of lime, constricted as if jointed, or continuous, composed of longitudinal, colourless, interwoven, and anastomosing medullary filaments, and closely placed, inflated or tabular, coloured peripheric cellules. Fruit unknown.—GaLaxauRA (Lamz.), a classical name; one of the Oceanide of Hesiod. Frons dichotoma, calcareo-incrustata, articulato-constricta v. continua, plus minus transversim rugulosa, ex filis medullaribus tenuibus hyalinis longitudinalibus intertextis anastomosantibus, et cellulis periphericis subuniseriatis coloratis inflatis liberis v. complanatis, arcte coherentibus, formata. Fructus ignotus. Gataxaura (Microthoe) marginata ; stem cylindrical, hirsute, repeatedly forked, its branches bearing flabelliform, fastigiate, dichotomous fronds ; segments linear, flat, slightly thickened at the margin, ob- tuse; peripheric cells obovate, inflated. G. marginata ; stipite cylindraceo hirsuto pluries furcato ; ramis frondes flabelli- formes fastigiatas dichotomas ferentibus ; laciniis linearibus planis marginatis obtusis ; cellulis periphericis obovatis inflatis. GALAXAURA marginata, Lama. Polyp. p. 264. Dene. Cor. Aun. Sci. Nat. 2. v. 18. p. 114. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 530. CoRALLINA marginata, Hil. et Sol. p. 115. ¢. 22, f. 6. Has. Rottnest Island and King George’s Sound, Western Australia, abun- dant, W. H. H., G. Clifton. Newcastle, New South Wales, VW. H. H. Gerocr. Distr. Tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Indian Ocean. Port Natal. Rio Janeiro. Japan. Feejee and Friendly Islands, ete. Descr. foot a fleshy disc, covered with hair-like filaments. Plant tufted, dior- ganous, consisting of a cylindrical stipes and flat fronds. Stipes 1-2 inches high, rarely simple, mostly 2-3 times forked or fasciculately branched, cylin- drical, rigid, 1-14 line in diameter, densely clothed with horizontal, deep- red, jointed hairs. vond springing from the apices of the branches of the stipes, 2-5 inches long, about 14 line wide throughout, flabelliform in ex- pansion, many times dichotomous, the segments erecto-patent, linear, flat, obtuse, slightly thickened or inflexed at the margin, scarcely channelled, with a minutely granulated, microscopically mottled surface. pices com- monly obtuse or emarginate, sometimes (as in Fig. 2) crowned with bright crimson, duplicate, brush-like tufts of articulated filaments. These brush- like tufts are probably connected with the fructification ; the filaments com- posing them are either uniformly cylindrical, like paranemata, or some of their articulations are inflated and filled with minute dot-like granules, which may be either zoospores or spermatozoids. No spores have been detected. The colour of the fronds, when recent, is a deep, full dark-red, fading, on exposure, to pale-green and dirty-white; that of the ¢wfés is a brilliant rosy-crimson. The substance is coriaceous, rather soft; in a young state the plant adheres imperfectly to paper in drying, but full-grown individuals rarely do. Eee A common inhabitant of the warmer seas throughout the world, often found on coral reefs or on rock of coral formation. With many others which secrete carbonate of lime, it was for- merly classed among the flexible zoophytes, but it has no claim to a place in the Animal Kingdom. At Fig. 2 is represented a fragment of a specimen recently re- ceived from Mr. Clifton, and which is in a state hitherto unob- served. Mr. Clifton describes it as presenting a most beautiful appearance when seen alive and under water. Lach lip of the expanded branches then bears a tuft of bright-red filaments, re- sembling minute double roses or anemones. Mr. Clifton sup- posed these tufts to be connected with the fructification, and of the same nature as the involucral ramelli of Péi/ota and Wran- gelia, but I have in vain looked for spores or favellae among them, and except the swollen cellules, above described as antheridia, be floral organs, nothing of the kind exists. It is just possible that, at a later period, favellee may be found. Fig. 1. GALAXAURA MARGINATA, and 2, a fragment with male inflorescence ?,— the natural size. 3. One of the “ brush-like tufts.” 4. Threads from the same, bearing “antheridia?” 5. A longitudinal section of the frond. 6. Peripheric cells and medullary filaments from the same :—more or less highly magnified. haves ve ve Pe a bia | Cat ule ALC DS at a ne i een ee OARS Pat yl a ay Plate CXXAVHL, x Wa AN VA acty) NI =SN Be = 4a h hig ibe er, RHODOSPERMES. Fam. Spherococcoidee. Puate CXXXVII. DELESSERIA DENDROIDES, Hav. Gun. Cuar. Frond leaf-like, membranaceous, areolated, symmetrical, sim- ple or branched, midribbed. Fructification: 1, hemispherical con- ceptacles, sessile on the midrib, or on a lateral nerve, containing a tuft of moniliform spore-threads on a basal placenta; 2, tripartite tetraspores, in definite sori or spots, on the frond, or on accessory leaflets. —Denusserta (4g.), in honour of Baron Delessert, a distin- guished patron of botany. Frons foliacea, membranacea, areolata, symmetrica, simplex v. ramosa, costata. Fruct.: 1, coccidia in costa venisque frond ssessilia, hemispherica, fila spori- Sera monilifor mia a placenta basali emissa foventia ; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in soros definitos collecta. Detesseria dendroides ; stem long, naked, cartilaginous, very thick (2-3 lines diameter), passing upwards into a much branched tree-hke frond ; fronds (secondary) ribbed, the rib emitting leaflets ; leaflets in pairs, ‘opposite, linear-lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse at each end, the full-grown with an opaque, the young with a jointed midnb ; veins none; cells of the membrane in a single series, large, oblong ; sori in minute leaflets issuing from the midmb of the youngest leaves. D. dendroides ; caule elongato nudo carnoso-cartilayineo crassissimo (2-38 lineas diametro) upice in frondem ramosissimam dendroideam desinente ; fronde cos- tata foliolis e costa valida prorumpentibus ramosa; foliolis geminis exacte oppositis lineari-lanceolatis oblongisve utrinque acutis v. obtusis, adultis costa cartilaginea opaca, junioribus costa articulata percursis, venis nullis, mem- brane cellulis strato unico dispositis magnis oblongis; soris in sporophyllis propriis e costa enatis. Deesserta dendroides, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 548; Aly. Austr. Exsic. n. 278. Var. a. lancifolia; foliolis lanceolatis, utrinqgue acutis. Var. B. oblongifolia; foliolis lineari-oblongis, undulatis, utrinque obtusissimis. Has. At Fremantle, rare; both varieties, G. Clifton, VW. H. H. Grocer. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root knobby. Frond 1-13 foot high, excessively branched, tree-like. Stem 2-3 lines thick, hard and horny-cartilaginous, dark-coloured and quite opaque, emitting opposite or alternate branches, and breaking up at the summit into numerous “leading shoots.” The primary branches are carti- laginous and thickened like the stem, but are either two-edged or winged, and are regularly pinnate-branched throughout. The pinne are strictly op- posite, leaf-like, midribbed, lanceolate or linear-oblong, and emit from their midrib 1, 2, 3, or 4 successive series of similar leaflets, each series spring- ing in opposite pairs from the midrib of the preceding. The midrié in the older leafiets is opaque ; in the younger it is articulate, each joint consisting of 8 cells, the middle cell narrow and cylindrical, the lateral broader and polygonal; the membrane of the leaf is very delicate and thin, formed of a single row of tabulated cells. Conceptacles unknown. Tetraspores in small sori, lodged in minute spore-leaves (sporophylli) borne on the midribs of the smaller leaflets. Colowr a vivid pinky-red. Substance (except of the main stem) soft, soon decomposing in fresh-water, and closely adhering to paper in drying. LLL eet A very fine species, which it would require a folio plate to represent in all its beauty and size. Our octavo only suttices to show the botanical characters, and a single branch. When grow- ing in the water, the general frond is quite like a beautiful roseate tree, with broad lanceolate leaves. The two varieties in- dicated above are very strongly marked, differing from each other nearly as much as D. hypoglossum differs from D. ruscifolia, and had they come from widely separated localities, I might perhaps have regarded them as distinct species. But at Fremantle both are found together under the same circumstances. One of them (oblongifolia) is generally fertile, producing tetraspores ; the other (Jancifolia) always, so far as 1 know, barren ; and if it be ever fertile, it may possibly produce conceptacles. If this be so, the differences between them would be similar to what are often observed between tetraspore-bearing and_conceptacle-bearing individuals of the same species, the former being, almost invari- ably, broader-fronded and more luxuriant than the latter. Fig. 1. DELESSERIA DENDROIDES, portion of the stem and one of the branches, —the natural size. 2. A small leaflet of var. B (oblongifolia), bearing sporo- phylli on its midrib. 3. A similar leaflet of var. a (ancifolia), bearing barren leaflets :—the latter figures magnified. CXXAVIL, Ser. RuoposperMEs. Fam. Cryptonemiacee. Puate CXXXVIII. CHYLOCLADIA MUELLER], Za. Gren. Cuar. Frond terete or subcompressed, rarely nodoso-articulate, alternately decompound, tubular ; periphery formed of angular cells. Fructification : 1, conical, external conceptacles, opening by a pore, containing a favelloid nucleus, surrounded by a web of filaments ; 2, triangularly parted, scattered tetraspores.—CuyLociapia (Grev.), from yvAos, juice, and Kaos, a branch; the tube contains watery fluid. Frons teres v. subcompressa, nunc nodoso-articulata, alterne decomposita, tubu- losa ; tubo succo aquoso repleto; strato peripherico ex cellulis rotundato- angulatis contexto. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia simplicia, intra pericarpium eaternum conicum carpostomio demum apertum inclusa, reticulo arachnoideo cincta ; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, sparse. Cuytociapia Muelleri ; frond membranous, purple-red, di-trichotomous, nodoso-articulate ; internodes linear or elliptic-oblong, all separated by slender, short pedicels ; conceptacles scattered on the internodes, hemispherical. Ch. Muelleri; fronde membranacea rubro-purpurea di-trichotoma fastigiata nodoso-articulata, internodis (articulisve) linearibus v. elliptico-oblongis, omnibus pedicello brevissimo filiformi sejunctis, cystocarpiis sparsis hemi- sphericis. LomEnTARIA (Gastroclonium) Miilleri, Sond. in Linn. v. 25. p. 693. Has. Lefeébre’s Peninsula, Dr. F. Mueller, 1847. At Carnac island, W. Australia, 1854, Geo. Clifton. Grocer. Distr. Western and southern coasts of Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Stem very short, solid, cartilaginous, breaking up into nu- merous trichotomous, secondary fronds, 4—6 inches in length. Branches fastigiate, pretty regularly trichotomous, constricted into joint-like, linear or oblong internodes; every internode generally giving birth at its summit to 3, or sometimes to two similar internodes. All the internodes are separated by very slender filiform nodes (ur pedicels) about $ line in length: the ter- minal internodes are shorter and broader than the rest; the basal ones fre- quently long and pyriform. The swéstance is membranous, but not very thin, tenacious, and long resisting fresh-water ; the membrane is composed of a layer of large, hyaline, subquadrate interior cells, protected externally by several rows of minute, coloured cellules. Conceptacles minute, scattered irregularly on the internode, prominent, containing within a large hollow chamber, a simple basal favella. Colour a livid purplish-red. In drying the frond adheres pretty closely to paper. At Plate LVII. (Chylocladia Clifton), 1 have figured a species nearly related to the present, but differing im colour and sub- stance, and especially in the connection of the internodes. In C. Cliftoni, the constriction at the node, though considerable, is not greater than what is found in C. articulata ; here every in- ternode is separated by a slender, filiform pedicel. C. Muellert appears to be rare, very few specimens having yet been obtained from either of the two localities in which it is found. Fig. 1. CoyntocnapiaA Mur.urrt, — the natural size. 2. Some internodel bearing eystocarps. 3. Section of an internode and cystocarp. 4. Part o the periphery of the same, and the cystocarp. 5. Spores variously mag- nified. a Dying ALAR Mee tn Llate CXAKIX. : SN Ne ANN NA Nein: LO | \ : iiZ 4 A ay Ser. MELANOSPERMES. Fam. Fucacee. Prats CXXXIX. CYSTOPHYLLUM MURICATUM, J. «%. Gen. Caar. Root scutate. Mrond pinnate or dichotomous, dendroid, with a distinct stem, branches, and ramuliform leaves. Vesicles solitary or seriated, formed in the substance of the leaf, below its summit. e- ceptacles pod-like, torulose or moniliform, formed from the terminal leaves. Scaphidia polygamous. Spores obovoid.—CysrorpHYLLUM (J. Ag.), from xvortis, a bladder, and duddov, a leaf. Radix scutata. Frons pinnatim v. dichotome ramosa, dendroidea, caule proprio, ramis foliisque ramuliformibus donata. Vesicule solitarie v. seriate in folio infra apicem inflate. Receptacula siliqueformia, torulosa v. moniliformia, apice foliolorum evoluta. Scaphidia polygama. Spore obovoidee. CysToPHYLLUM muricatum ; stem short, muricate, multifid; subradical leaves broadly linear, entire, midribbed; fronds very long, slender, filiform, rough with gland-like cilia, pinnately much branched; branches spreading every way, irregularly inserted; pinnate or bi-tripinnate ; vesicles solitary or 2-3 together, separated by filiform portions of the leaf-ramulus, oval ; receptacles cylindrical-fusiform, subracemose. C. muricatum ; caule brevi muricato multi-ramoso ; foliis subradicalibus lato- linearibus itegris costatis; frondibus longissimis filiformibus glanduloso- muriculatis pinnato-ramosissimis ; ramis undique egredientibus vagis pinnatis bipinnatisve ; vesiculis solitarius v. sepe ternis sejunctis ovalibus ; receptaculis cylindraceo-fusiformibus subracemosis. CysTOPHYLLUM muricatum, J. dg. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 231. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 32. SIROPHYSALIS muricata, Kitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 368; Sp. Alg. p. 602. CysTosEIRA muricata, 4g. Sp. v. 1. p. 66; Syst. p. 285. CysrosEira trinodis, 4g. Ic. t. 12 (nec Sp. Alg.). Sond. Preiss. v. 2. p. 159. Fucus muricatus, Turn. Hist. ¢. 112. Has. Western Australia, Preiss. King George’s Sound to Port Jackson, in various places, W.H.H. Port Philip, Dr. Mueller. Groecr. Distr. Indian Ocean. West, south, and east coasts of New Holland, generally in bays or harbours. Drscr. Stem 1-3 inches long, 1—2 lines in diameter, densely muricated, bearing many lateral or terminal branches; some of them short, producing a few simple, linear, flat, midribbed leaves; others long, bearing fronds. Hronds 2-3 feet long or more, not twice as thick as hog’s-bristle, more or less densely covered with minute, gland-like, filiform processes, spreading to all sides, the lower pair commonly denuded of branches, the upper closely set with spirally or irregularly inserted lateral branches, 3-8 inches long. Secondary branches filiform, pinnated in their lower half with slender, simple, ramuliform leaves, which bear in their substance usually three ovoid, separated vesicles ; in their upper half bi-tripinnate, with fewer vesicles. Receptacles formed at the ends of the branches, from the terminal ramuli or leaflets, at length somewhat racemose. Colour a full-olive, turning black in drying. Substance coriaceous when recent, rather brittle when dry. The genus Cystophyllum holds an intermediate place between Cystoseira and Cystophora ; from the former it differs in having the vesicles seriated in the ultimate wadivided ramuli or “ leaves,” instead of in the larger or penultimate branches; and from the latter in having vesicles in the ordinary “leaves,” and remote from their apices, instead of ferminal on specially metamorphosed leaves, distinct from the ordinary. C. muricatum is the commonest species, and is found through- out the Indian Ocean, as well as on the Australian coast. In Australia it generally grows in sheltered harbours, and in such situations is often very much covered with minute zoophytes and other parasites. Fig. 1. CystopHYLLUM MuURICATUM,—+the natural size. 2. Fertile apices, con- verted into receptacles,—enlarged. a " vneysee re ey * es i ; a Mitts aya Yaeg i ; Ss at =f 7 7 a “ us ’ nis Plate CHE. Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Ceramiacee. Puatr CXL. CROUANIA VESTITA, Zarv. Gen. Cuar. Frond nodoso-articulate, alternately decompound, consisting of an articulate, monosiphonous, primary filament (or ais) emitting at the nodes densely whorled, minute, dichotomo-fastigiate, free, arti- culated ramelli. ructification: 1, solitary subterminal /avel/a, sur- rounded by ramelli; 2, external triangularly parted ¢etraspores, borne on the ramellii—Crovanta (J. Ag.), in honour of the brothers Crouan, of Brest, celebrated among French Phycologists. Frons nodoso-articulata, alterne decomposita, e filo primario (axi) monosphonio articulato ramellos minutissimos dichotomo-fastigiatos articulatos verticillatos ex nodis emittente constituta. Fruct.: 1, favelle subterminales, solitaria, inter ramellos abscondite ; 2, tetraspore triangule aut transversim divise, ad ramellos lateraliter affixe. Crovanta vestita ; frond ultra-setaceous, decompoundly much branched, scarcely gelatinous; branches and branchlets patent or divaricate, attenuated, all densely or continuously clothed with whorled ramelli ; ramelli divaricately multifid ; favelle solitary, at the ends of short branchlets, surrounded by ramelli ; tetraspores spherical, triangularly divided. C. vestita ; fronde ultrasetacea decomposite ramosissima vix gelatinosa; ramis ramulisque patentibus divaricatisve attenuatis, omnibus ramellis densissime velatis teretibus vie nodulosis, ramellis divaricato-multifidis ; favellis solita- ris tn ramulis minoribus inter ramellos immersis, tetrasporis sphericis trian- gule divisis. Crovanta vestita, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 558; Alg. Austr. Hxsic. n, 486. Has. On Zostera, and the smaller Alge. Rottnest Island and King George’s Sound, VW. H.H. Fremantle, George Clifton. Groer. Distr. Western Australia. Drscr. Fronds solitary or tufted, 1-3 inches long, from half a line to nearly a line in diameter, excessively branched in an irregularly pinnate order, 3—4 times pinnate ; the branches and ramuli very unequal, long and short inter- mixed, all very patent or subhorizontal, cylindrical, tapering to the apex. The whole frond throughout is sub-equably clothed with densely set whorled ramuli, so closely imbricating on each other that, except in the lower part of the frond, the xodose arrangement is scarcely obvious. Ramelli many times dichotomous, short-jointed, with patent or divaricate ramifications. Favelle subglobose, with a wide, gelatinous pericarp, many-spored, hidden among the ramelli at or near the ends of the smaller branchlets. Tetra- spores attached to the ramelli, formed by the transformation of one of the lateral segments. Colour a deep’full-red, rosy toward the tips. Substance soft and spongy, but not very gelatinous. In drying the frond adheres closely to paper. A robust species of Crowania, intermediate in size between C. attenuata and C. insignis. From both these it is at once known by the perfectly continuous villum of ramelli that clothes every portion of the axis, so as completely to conceal its articula- tion. In very few places is there any interruption of the con- tinuity, or disposition to become nodose. Crouania 1s nearly allied to Callithamnion, but has a peculiar habit, and is sufficiently distinct in character. The finest species is C. insignis, figured in Hooker’s ‘ Flora Tasmanica,’ and which therefore will not be re-figured in the present work. C. attenuata, the earliest-known species, is found in Europe, the Gulf of Mexico, and on the coasts of Australia. Fig. 1. Crovanta vestita,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a branch. 3. Trans- verse section, at a node. 4. Favellee (partly) surrounded by ramelli, some removed. 5. A ¢edraspore on a portion of a ramellus :—variously magnified. Plate Cie Ser. RHODOSPERMES. 3 Fam. Gelidiacee. Prate CXLI. ACANTHOCOCCUS EWINGII, Hav. Grn. Cuar. Frond filiform or compressed, cartilaginous, vaguely much branched, composed of three sé¢rata ; the medullary stratum of longi- tudinal, interwoven, and anastomosing filaments ; the zz¢ermediate of large, roundish, empty cells, smaller outwards ; the cortical, of minute, coloured, vertically seriated cellules. Fructification : 1, half-immersed conceptacies, containing, within a thick-walled pericarp, minute, pedi- cellate, oblong sores, attached to many slender, interlaced, parietal, and internal placentee ; 2, ¢e¢raspores ?—Acanruococcus (Hook. fil. et Harv.) , from axav@os, a thorn, and Koxkos, fruit. Lrons filiformis v. compressa, cartilaginea, vage ramosissima, stratis tribus con- texta ; strato medullari filis longitudinalibus intertextis anastomosantibus, in- termedio cellulis magnis rotundatis vacuis eatus sensim minoribus, cortical cellulis minutis coloratis verticaliter seriatis composito. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia semi-immersa, intra pericarpium crassum sporas minutas pedicellatas oblongas e placentulis plurimis tenuibus anastomostantibus parietalibus et internis egre- dientes foventia ; 2, tetraspora ? Acantuococcus Lwingii ; frond terete, robust, dichotomous, subfastigiate ; ramuli lateral, subsecund, very patent, reflexed or uncinate, acute, subuliform ; conceptacles swelling within short ramuli, below the apex. A. Ewingii; fronde terete robusta dichotoma cespitosa et subfastigiata ; ramulis lateralibus subsecundis patentissimis reflexis v. hamatis acutis subuliformibus, cystocarpus in ramulis brevibus infra apicem semi-immersis. AcantHococcus Ewingii, Harv. in Herb. (olim). MycHopEa hamata, Harv. Alg. Exsic. Austr. n.415. Harv. in Hook, Fi. Tasm. v. 2. p. 323. Has. Tasmania, Rev. Mr. Ewing. Georgetown and Port Arthur, Tasmania, W.H. H. South Australia, Dr. Curdie. Port Fairy, abundantly, GrocrR. Distr. Southern shores of Australia. North and south coasts of Tasmania. Descr. Root a mass of interlaced branches. yvonds densely tufted and often intricately interlaced, six or twelve inches long, 1-1} line in diameter, rather succulent, excessively branched, either pretty regularly dichotomous or flex- uous and vaguely brauched, the branches directed to all sides, erecto-patent, with rounded axils and subulate, acute apices. The branches are sometimes nearly destitute of lateral ramuli, but usually are furnished with them in greater or less number: these are 6-10 lines long, issuing at right-angles from the branch, and extending either horizontally or arching backwards, or very often strongly hooked at the point, and clasping, the longer ones becoming tendril-like. Conceptacies are formed in short, lateral ramuli, generally just below the apex, which extends beyond, like a horn, on the pericarps ; the placente are numerous, and form a lax network, filling up the cavity, and bearing the scarcely tufted spores at intervals over the whole surface. The medullary stratum is copious and dense, and the cortical thick and strong. The colour is a dark brown-purple, becoming browner or blackish in the herbarium. The suwdstance is firm ; the frond shrinks in drying, and but imperfectly adheres to paper. My first acquaintance with this plant was from a small speci- men several years ago communicated by the Rev. Mr. Ewing, of Hobarton, to Mr. Gould, the ornithologist, and then named by me in manuscript as a new species of Acanthococcus, and dedicated to its discoverer. Afterwards, having myself collected the plant abundantly in the habitats above given, I was struck with its general resemblance in habit and cauline structure to the species of AZychodea, and hastily supposing an error in the former analysis, transferred it, without further examination of the cystocarp, to the genus Mychodea, and published it as JZ. hamata,in ¥\.'Tasm. But having occasion to make a more care- ful dissection, when preparing the figure for the present work, the structure of the cystocarp, repeatedly examined, has convinced me that my earliest analysis was correct, and I have consequently restored the name first given. It seems to be quite distinct from any described species. Fig. 1. Acanrnococcus Ewrnetl,—the natural size. 2. Section through a cystocarp. 3. Portion of the placental network, with the spores in situ. 4. Transverse section of the frond :—magnified, Ser. RHoposPeRME.. Fam. Cryptonemiacee. Puatr CXLII. MYCHODEA CARNOSA, Zoot. jul. et Harv. Grn. Cuar. Frond filiform, cartilaginous, alternately decompound, den- droid, composed of three strata; the medud/ary stratum of longitudinal and excurrent, interwoven and anastomosing filaments; the infer- mediate of large, roundish, empty cells, smaller outwards ; the cortical of minute, coloured, vertically seriated cellules. Hructification : 1, external, lateral or terminal conceptacles, containing, within a thick- walled pericarp, a compound mucleus, consisting of many confluent nucleoli, or masses of roundish-angular spores ; 2, zonate ¢etraspores, dispersed in the branches and ramulii—Mycuopra (Harv.), from fuyos, an internal cavity, or secret chamber, alluding to the large empty cells of the intermediate stratum of the frond. Frons filiformis, cartilaginea, alterne decomposita, dendroidea, stratis tribus con- texta ; strato medullari filis longitudinalibus et excurrentibus intertextis ana- stomosantibus, intermedio cellulis maximis rotundatis vacuis extus sensim minoribus, corticali cellulis minutis coloratis verticaliter seriatis composito. Fruct. : 1, favellidia intra pericarpium eaternum laterale v. terminale exceptu ; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise, sparse, frondi immerse. Mycuopra carnosa; frond dendroid, excessively branched; branches flexuous, patent, repeatedly divided, spreading every way, attenuated upwards, the ultimate subdichotomous ; ramuli minute, spine-like, irregularly scattered; conceptacles spherical, sessile on the lesser branches and ramuli, lateral, minute. M. carnosa; fronde dendroidea ramosissima ; ramis flecuosis patentibus pluries divisis quoquoversum egredientibus sensim attenuatis, penultimis subdichotomis ; ramulis lateralibus minutis spineformibus sparsis ; cystocarptis minutis spha- ricis ad latera ramorum minorum sessilibus. Mycuopea carnosa, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 6. p. 408. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic.n. 411. Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 323. CystocLonium carnosum, Kitz. Sp. dig. p. 123. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p- 309, Has. King George’s Sound; Cape Riche; and Port Philip Heads, W.H.H. Uetévre’s Peninsula, Dr. F. Mueller. South Australia, Dr. Curdie. Georgetown, Tasmania, 2. Gunn, W. H. H., Rev. J. Fereday, ete. Drscr. Root branching. Frond 6-18 inches long or more, with a leading, simple or divided stem, densely set throughout with irregularly inserted, unequal, patent branches. Branches flexuous, spreading to all sides, once, twice, or several times irregularly decomposed, the smaller subdichotomous ; all gradually attenuated upwards and ending in acute points, naked or furnished with minute, lateral, spine-like, patent ramuli. All the axils are rounded. The lesser branches are often secund; the ramuli sometimes converted into tendrils. Cystocarps as large as poppy-seed, rather nume- rous on the upper or under edges of the lesser branches, often secund, containing a compound nucleus (favellidium) of densely packed spores. Colour a dull brown-red, becoming darker in drying. Substance carti- laginous and fleshy, firm, rather stiff. In drying the plant shrinks, and very imperfectly adheres to paper. A comparison of the lower half of Fig. 3 of the present Plate with Fig. 4 of Plate CXLI., will show how close an agreement there is in cellular structure between the frond of Acanthococcus and of this, the typical species of JZychodea, although the struc- ture of the cystocarp in these genera is so different that they cannot be referred to the same Natural Family, one having pe- dicellate spores laxly sprimging from a honeycombed placenta, the other having dense masses of spores merely separated by the dead cell-walls within which they were organized. The genus J/ychodea is almost the same as Cystoclonium, with which Kiitzing and Agardh unite it, but differs in having a perfectly external, instead of an ¢mmersed, cystocarp. It there- fore differs from Cystoclonium nearly as Gigartina differs from — Tridea, and so far as known is confined to the Australian seas, where there are several species. The generic character formerly given in Lond. Journ. Bot. is incorrect, and now amended. Fig. 1. MycuopEa carnosa,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a small fertile branch, with three conceptacles. 3. Cross section of the frond, and of a con- ceptacle. 4. Spores from the latter :—magnified. bi Pisa ree 1 a we iy i . 1" y ‘ j cm ‘ Lt alo ee ae . 7 mh _ Bh ik! \ -~ ir? eel Dy a Beckie oe Plate AT S H/ Vancent Brecks, imp Ser. RHODOSPERME&. Fam. Rhodomelacea. Puate CXLIII.. ‘ DASYA HAFFIA, Harv. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform or compressed, dendroid; stem and branches coated with small, polygonal cells (rarely articulated, and many-tubed) ; the axis articulate, composed of several radiating cells surrounding a central cavity; ramelli articulated, one-tubed. Fructification: 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia ; 2, lanceolate séichidia, attached to the ramelli, and containing triangularly-parted tetraspores in tranverse rows.—Dasya (4g.), from dacus, hairy. Frons filiformis v. compressa, dendroidea. Caulis ramique majores strato cel- lularum corticati (raro pellucide articulati), ramellis monosiphoniis obsessi ; axis articulatus, ex cellulis pluribus radiantibus tubum centralem cingentibus formatus. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata v. urceolata ; 2, stichidia lanceolata, ex ramellis enata, tetrasporas transversim ordinatas foventia. Dasya Haffie; stem tall, villous, opaque, cartilaginous, decompoundly plumoso-pinnate; the virgate, distichous, subtriply-pinnate branches and the patent ramuli densely ramelliferous ; ramelli rosy, clothing all parts, squarrose and curled, dichotomous, with patent axils and scarcely attenuate, subacute points; articulations of the ramelli once and a half to twice as long as broad; ceramidia at or near the ends of the ultimate pinne, sessile, globose, with a prominent orifice, densely clothed with (quasi-)involucral ramelli; stichidia minute, oval, mu- cronate. D. Haffie ; caule elato villoso opaco cartilagineo decomposite plumoso-pinnato ; ramis virgatis distichis subtripinnatis ramulisque patentibus densissiime raielli- Jeris ; ramellis roseis undique insertis squarroso-crispatis dichotomo-multifidis, axillis patentibus apice acutis vix attenuatis, articulis ramellorum diametro sesqui-subduplo-longioribus ; ceramidius sepe pinnulos ultimos terminantibus globosis ore porrecto densissime ramellis involucratis et vestitis ; stichidiis minutis ovalibus mucronatis. Dasya Haffie, Harv. Alg. Evsic. Austr. n. 222. Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 803. Has. Philip Island, Western Port, VW. H. H. Georgetown, Tasmania, 2. Gunn. Table Cape, Miss M‘ Kenzie. Grocr. Distr. Shores of Bass’s Straits. Descr. Root discoid. Frond 12-18 inches high, and as much in the expansion of the branches, the stem and principal branches 1-12 lines in diameter. Stem undivided or forked, closely set throughout with patent distichous branches, which are once, twice, or thrice pinnated with successive series of lesser distichous branchlets. Every part of the frond, down to the ends of the pinnules, is opaque, the surface densely coated with small cellules, hiding the articulated axis: the stem and principal branches are softly vil- lous; the rest of the frond densely clothed with ramelli. The ramelli are half a line long, very patent, squarrose or curled, bright rosy-red, and re- peatedly dichotomous, soft, but not very flaccid, and acute, but not atte- nuate. The cystocarps are sessile at or near the ends of the pinnules, and are densely covered with ramelli, besides being often almost hidden in a dense tuft or pseudo-involucre of similar ramelli: those examined by me contain a dense, basal, pulvinate tuft of dichotomous, submoniliform filaments, whose terminal cells separate, as spores (?): very unlike the spores of other species of Dasya. The stichidia are minute, borne as usual on the ramelli, and similar in structure and contents to those of other species. The colour is either bright-rosy, or a brownish-red, and in drying turns rather darker. The substance is soft, holding water like a sponge, but not gelatinous; and in drying the frond adheres very closely to paper. A very fine species of Dasya, one of many interesting Alge collected by me while staying with my hospitable friends, Mr. and Mrs. M‘Haffie, of Philip Island, Western Port, and selected to bear the name of the lady of the island. It has so much the aspect of a Wrangelia, that at first I had referred it to that genus, but the fructification, so far as known, is that of a Dasya. I cannot look on the cystocarps as being in a normal state ; or if they be, the present Alga must be considered the type of a new genus, and removed from the Rhodomelacee to—perhaps the Spyridiacee ? At Fig. 3, 4, and 5 are given details of the contents of the ceramidium, and these are very unlike the properly organized spore-threads and spores of a Dasya ; but in all other characters, both of frond and ¢etrasporic fructification, the agreement with Dasya is complete. But may not the densely crowded ramell that spring from the walls of the ceramidium be regarded as an indication of the abnormal state of that organ ? Fig. 1. Dasya Harri#; a branch,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a pinnule, with a ceramidium near the point. 3. Dichotomous filaments from the (imperfectly organized?) ceramidium. 4. Some of these threads,—enlarged. 5. Spores ?, from the same. 6. A ramellus, with stichidia. 17. A tetraspore : —the latter figures variously magnified. Plate CAL nt Brooks, Imp. yinece eal Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Laurenciacea. Piuate CXLIV. CLADHYMENIA CONFERTA, Zarv. Gen. Cuan. Frond membranous, flat, thin, linear, distichously pinnatifid, formed of large, polygonal, granuliferous, internal cells, coated exter- nally with minute, coloured cellules. Fructification : ‘1, ovate cera- midia, containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, tripartite ¢etra- spores, in definite marginal sori.—Cuapuymenta (Harv.), from cra- dos, a branch, and vbunv, a membrane. Frons membranacea, plana, tenuis, linearis, distiche pinnatifida, e cellulis mag- nis polygonis granuliferis superficiem versus minutis composita. Fruct.: | ceramidia ovata, fasciculum sporarum pyriformium foventia ; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in soros definitos intramarginales collecte. CLapHyYMENIA conferta ; frond narrow-linear, midribbed, serrulate, twice or thrice pinnatifid ; pinne and pinnules normally opposite (but by suppression often secund or irregular), oppositely penninerved; the costa vanishing upwards; ceramidia terminating shortened pinnules ; . sori oblong or linear, intramarginal. C. conferta; fronde anguste lineari costata serrulata 2—3-pinnatifida; laciniis oppositis (v. sepe secundis sparsisve) opposite penninerviis ; costa sursum evanescente ; ceramidiis ramulos abbreviatos terminantibus ; soris oblongis v. linearibus intramarginalibus. CLADHYMENIA conferta, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 245. Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 306. DictyMeEnta conferta, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 29. t. 8. DELEssERIa conferta, 4g. Sp. Alg. t. 1. p. 177. Fucus confertus, Rk. Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 184. Has. Kent Islands, &. Brown. Port Fairy, W. H. H. Georgetown, Tasmania, A. Gunn, W. H. H. Southport, C. Stuart. Groer. Distr. South coast of Australia. Tasmania. Descr. Root minute. Fronds densely tufted, 4—6 inches long, 1-2 lines in diameter, delicately membranous, much branched, in every part distichous, repeatedly but rather irregularly pinnatifid. Primary branches one or several inches long, erecto-patent, by suppression often alternate or secund, long and.short intermixed, the short simple, the longer once or twice pinnatifid. The main divisions and principal branches are traversed by a strong mid- rib, which gradually becomes more slender and fainter upwards, and at last almost disappears under the apices of the lacinie: this rib throws off at short intervals opposite, immersed, patent veins, running straight to the margin, and ending in the marginal indentations. The apices are blunt. The margin is more or less evidently serrulate, never quite entire, but often with obsolete and subdistant toothing. The surface-cellules are very mi- nute. Ceramidia oblong-ovate, wide-mouthed, ending in short pinnules ; spores large, pedicellate, with distinctly granular endochrome. Sori form- ing long or short lines within the margin of the larger and lesser lacinie. Colour a clear rose-red. Substance delicately membranous, but not very soft. In drying the plant adheres, but not very firmly, to paper. In ‘Nereis Australis’ the present plant is erroneously referred to Dictymenia, as it was formerly, with equal impropriety, re- ferred to Delesseria. Both references were made in ignorance of the fructification, which, beng now discovered, guides us to its true affinities. These are with two New Zealand Alge, one of them figured in Ner. Austr. (t. 33), the other in Fl. N. Zeal. (t. 113), and both agreeing with the present Alga in general aspect and in fructification, but being less membranous, with thicker intermediate stratum, and wanting the midrib and nerves. Our present plant, therefore, while it may fairly be placed in Cladhymenia, will form a subtype in that genus, characterized by the presence of midrib and nerves. Fig. 1. CLADHYMENIA CONFERTA,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a lacinia, bear- ing ceramidia. 3. Spores. 4. Apex, bearing ifitramarginal sori. 5. Te- traspores. 6. Fragment of the frond, to show the superficial cellules :— variously magnified. Plate CXLV. Ser. MELANOSPERMER. Fam. Fucacee. Piatt CXLV. SARGASSUM DECURRENS, 4%. Gen. Cuar. Root scutate. Frond pinnately decompound, with distinct stem, branches, leaves, vesicles, and receptacles. Vesicles stipitate, supra- axillary, simple, most frequently mucronate or leaf-bearing. Recep- tacles pod-like, torulose or moniliform, axillary. Scaphidia dicecious. Spores obovoid.—Sareassum (4g.), from the Spanish sargazo, aname given by navigators to floating seaweed. Radix scutata. Frons pinnatim decomposita, caule proprio, ramis, foliis, vesi- culis, receptaculisque donata. Vesicule stipitate, supra-avillares, simplices, sepissime mucronate v. foliifere. Receptacula siliqueformia, torulosa v. nodulosa, avillaria. Scaphidia dioica. Spore obovoidee. Sareassum decurrens ; frond flat, foliaceous, ribbed, distichously pinnate ; pinnee pinnatifid, their segments linear, entire, ribbed, taper-pointed ; vesicles numerous (on the fertile branches), spherical, pointless ; recep- tacles cylindrical, unarmed, in a panicle equalling the pinna; each branchlet subtended by a lmear floral leaf. S. decurrens ; fronde plana foliacea costata distiche pinnata ; pinnis pinnatifidis ; laciniis linearibus integerrimis costatis apice acuminatis ; vesiculis numerosis sphericis muticis ; receptaculis cylindraceis, inermibus, in paniculam folium equantem dispositis ; pedicellis folio florals lineari fulcratis. SarGassum decurrens, 4g. Sp. p. 42; Syst. 308. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.v.1.p. 285. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 17. PTEROCAULON decurrens, Avitz. Sp. Alg. p. 606; Phyc. Gen. p. 360. Fucus decurrens, R. Br. MS. in Turn. Hist. t. 194. Uazs. North shores of New Holland, A. Brown. ‘Torres Straits, Herd. Aresch. (fide J. Ag.). Australia, Miss Anne Taylor. Rottnest Island, Grocer. Distr. Northern and western coasts of Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Fronds rising with a short, compressed or winged stem, which divides near the base into several branches. Bvanches 12—15 inches long, or perhaps more, flat and leafy, traversed by a strong midrib, linear, naked below, but from the middle to the extremity closely and distichously pinnated. Pinne flat, and midribbed like the primary branch, patent, pin- natifid at or near the extremity; the ultimate laciniz narrow and taper- pointed. In young specimens the branch is } inch wide, the pinnee 4—5 lines, the pinnules 1-2 lines wide; in the older frond the lacinize are much narrower and more attenuate. Vesicles are only found on the inflorescence ; they are globose, pointless, 2-21 lines in diameter, on very short stalks. The receptacles are borne on a panicled fruit-branch, 2-3 inches long, flexuous and alternately branched, issuing from the axil of the pinne, in fertile fronds ; each receptacle is 1-2 lines long, simple or forked, and they form short, lateral racemes on the panicle, each subtended by a small, linear dract and a vesicle. The colour of the frond is an olive-brown. ‘The substance is coriaceous and tough. PILL LLL LL LLL LI DID LLS A rare and not much known species, of which I collected very few specimens, and these only in a young state, without vesicles or fruit. For the only fruiting specimen I possess I am indebted to the kindness of the late Miss Anne Taylor, of Clonmel, who did not know from what district of Australia it had been sent. S. decurrens belongs to a small group of Sargassa distinguished by the union of leaf and stem, by means of the decurrent mem- brane, into a compound frond or phyllocladium. The species so organized have the habit of Fucus, combined with the imflores- cence of Sargassum. Two other species, S. Peronii and S. Borys, both from Western Australia, have this character. Fig. 1. SARGASSUM DECURRENS, two branches from a young frond. 2. A pinna, with its axillary panicle of receptacles and vesicles, from an adult frond :—both of the natural size. Plate CXLVL =! . Ser. RuoposperMEs, Fam. Rhodymeniacea. Pirate CXLVI. RHODYMENIA AUSTRALIS, Sou. Gen. Cuar. Frond flat, membranous, dichotomous or palmate, composed of two strata of cells; the medullary stratum of oblong, polygonal, larger cells; the cortical of minute, vertically seriated cellules. 5 ? Fructification : 1, sessile, hemispherical, thick-walled conceptacles, at length opening by a terminal pore, containing densely-packed, sporl- ferous filaments issuing from a basal placenta, and surrounded by a gelatinous pellicle; 2, cruciate or tripartite ¢etraspores, either scattered over the frond, collected in sori, or immersed in terminal, shield-like nemathecia.—RHODYMENIA (Grev.), from podeos, red, and vuny, a membrane. Frons plana, membranacea, dichotoma v. palmata, stratis duobus composita ; strato medullari ex cellulis majusculis oblongis polyhedris, corticali cellulis minimis coloratis pluriserialibus conflato. Fruct.: 1, eystocarpia sessilia, hemispherica, intra pericarpium crassum demum carpostomio apertum fila sporifera densissime aggregata, e placenta basali emissa, pelliculd gelatinoso- cellulosd velata foventia; 2, tetraspore cruciatim v. triangule divise, nunc sparse, nunc in soros subdefinitos collecte v. in nematheciis terminalibus im- MeT SQ. RuopyMenta australis; frond stipitate, narrow-linear, many times dicho- tomous, fastigiate, submarginate, or canaliculate ; segments suberect, with narrow axils ; apices abrupt or emarginate ; conceptacles crowded round the ends of the branches ; tetraspores cruciate, vertically lodged in subterminal nemathecia. R. australis; fronde stipitata anyusto-lineari pluries dichotoma fastigiata submar- ginata v. canaliculata ; laciniis suberectis awillis angustis apicibus subtruncatis v. emarginatis; cystocarpiis circa apices laciniarum congregatis valde conveais ; tetrasporis cruciatis in nematheciis subterminalibus immersis. RHODYMENIA australis, Sond. Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 55. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 191. Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 554; Alg. Husic. Austr. n. 380. ACROPELTIS australis, J. dg. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 609. SpH#Rococcus australis, Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 784. Haz. Western Australia, Preiss. Abundant at Rottnest Island, near Fre- mantle, VW.H.H. G. Clifton. Groar. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Stem 1-2 inches long, firmly cartilaginous or horny, 3 line in diameter, forking or breaking up into several branches, each of which terminates in a dichotomous frond. Fronds (secondary) subflabelliform, fastigiate, many times dichotomous, with narrow, but rounded axils, and erect or suberect lacinize. Lacinie linear, 14—2 lines wide, truncate or emar- ginate, slightly thickened at the margin, and more or less concave or sub- canaliculate on one side. Cystocarps very convex, constricted at base, se- veral clustered round the apex, as large as poppy-seed, dark-red, with a very thick pericarp and densely compacted nucleus. Ze¢vaspores lodged in shield- like, flat nemathecia, placed immediately under the slightly dilated apices, cruciate, vertical. Substance of the frond rather rigid and thick ; central cellules large and in few rows. The colowr is a full and rather dark red, be- coming brownish in drying. The frond shrinks in drying, and imperfectly adheres to paper. —— — — eee This species is placed by J. Agardh in Acropeltis, of which it certainly has the tetrasporic fruit ; but the structure of frond, and general habit, are those of Rhodymenia. The cystocarpic fruit of Acropeltis being unknown, it is premature to say whether it has good claims to be kept up as a genus or not. But for the nature of its medullary layer, there seems nothing to prevent its being referred to Rhodymenia. ‘The present species is very common at Rottnest Island, but has not yet been found on other parts of the Australian coasts. Another species, erroneously referred by me to &. corallina, and which seems very near &. Palmetta, is abundant in several places, from one end of the Australian continent to the other. Fig. 1. RHoDYMENIA ausTRALIS,—the natural size. 2. Apices, bearing cysto- carps. 3. Vertical section of a cystocarp. 4. Apices, bearing nemathecia. 5. Cross section of lamina and nemathecium. 6. A tetraspore. 7. Longi- tudinal section of lamina ; the latter figures variously magnified. Plate CHATS VINCETL SPOS, f np Ser. RHopospeRME. Fam. Rhodomelacee. Pratt CXLVII. CHONDRIA UMBELLULA, Za. Grn. Cuar. Frond filiform, cartilaginous, dendroid, opaque, coated with small, polygonal, irregularly placed cells. Avs articulated, polysi- phonous. Ramuli claveform, much constricted at their insertion. Fructification : 1, ovate ceramidia ; 2, tripartite ¢etraspores, formed irregularly, in the clavate ramulii—Cuonprta, (dy.), yovdpos, car- tilage. Frons filiformis, cartilaginea, dendroidea, opaca, cellulis irregularibus polygonis corticata. Aais articulatus, polysiphonus. Ramuli clavati, basi constricti. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in ramulis im- merse, sparse v. rregulariter aggregate. Cuonpria Umbellula ; frond dwarf, saccato-clavate, subsimple, once or twice umbellate ; ramuli, 5-10 in each umbel or uinbellule, clavate, very obtuse ; conceptacles ovate, constricted at base, sessile; tetra- spores scattered. Ch. Umbellula ; froude pusilla saccato-clavata subsimplici semel v. iterum um- bellata ; ramulis 5-10 in umbella v. umbellulis clavatis obtusissimis ceramidiis, ovatis basi constrictis sessilibus ; tetrasporis sparsis. Cuonpria Umbellula, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 539; Alg. Austr. Hxsic. n. 161. Has. Rottnest Island, on Zostera, W. H. H. Garden Island, on the smaller Alge, G. Clifton. Guoacr. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Fronds solitary or tufted, 3-1 inch long, linear, clavate, crowned with an umbel of 5-10 or more ramuli of similar shape to the pri- mary frond; sometimes never becoming more branched, and sometimes throwing out from the apices of the umbellate ramuli a secondary umbel of similar character ; and again, in very luxuriant specimens, ¢éer¢iary umbel- lules from the tip of each secondary ramulus. It is possible that the frond may continue to extend by further repetitions of this mude of branching. All the internodes and ramuli are claveeform, very obtuse, cylindrical, suc- culent, 5-13 lines in diameter. uit of both kinds is found on the smaller and simpler as well as on the larger and more compound individuals. The conceptacies are quite sessile, broadly ovate,with large apertures, thin-walled, and containing a dense tuft of linear-clavate spores. The ¢e¢vaspores are scattered in the substance of the ramuli below the apex, and are surrounded each by a very broad hyaline limbus. The colour is a purplish or a pinkish red, soon discharged, and varying in intensity in different specimens. The substance is soft, flaccid, and juicy, and the frond adheres very closely to paper in drying. ee A very pretty and distinctly marked, though small species. Our Figures 1 and 2, both of the natural size, and both full- grown and in fruit, differ remarkably in luxuriance, but in no other character; and offer another instance, in addition to that stated under Plate LII., of the freer growth of Algz from Gar- den Island, compared with those from Rottnest. Many more instances might be given ; and I have been at a loss whether to account for the increased development by the different position of the two islands—which are only a few miles apart—or by the difference of parasitism. The dwarf plants generally grow on Zostera, the larger on some of the smaller Algze. Whether the fact. of growing on a flowering sea-plant has any influence on the Alga is uncertain. If it have, one might infer that the root of Algee was a more active organ than is commonly supposed. Fig. 1. Coonpria UMBELLULA (from Garden Island). 2. The same (from Rottnest) :—both of the natural size. Fig. 3. Apex of aramulus, with con- ceptacles. 4. Vertical section of a conceptacle. 5. A ramulus, with ¢e¢ra- spores. 6: Tetraspores :—the latter figures magnified. ae ay 7 : a BU) ere ah Ser. RHoDOSPERMEA. Fam. Laurenciacee. Puate CXLVIII. LAURENCIA HETEROCLADA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond cylindrical or plano-compressed, linear, pinnately- branched, cartilaginous, the apices obtuse, composed of two strata of cells; the zaner of oblong, angular cells, shorter toward the cir- cumference ; the owter of small, roundish-angular cellules. Fruit : 1, ovate, sessile ceramidia, containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, tripartite ¢e¢raspores, imbedded, without order, beneath the tips of the ramuli.i—Lavrenctra (Lamour.), in honour of M. De la Laurencie, a French naturalist. Frons teretiuscula v. plano-compressa, linearis, pinnato-ramosa, cartilaginea, apicibus obtusis, ex stratis duobus contexta, strato medullari ex cellulis oblongis extus sensim brevioribus, corticali ex cellulis minoribus rotundo-angulatis colo- ratis. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata, sessilia, intra pericarpium crassiusculum Sasciculum sporaruim pyriformium foventia ; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, infra apicem ramulorum sine ordine immerse. Lavrencia heteroclada ; densely tufted, springing from creeping shoots ; frond livid-purple, terete, rigid, tough, the younger many times se- cundly branched, with very erect branches and branchlets and very narrow axils ; tite adult panicled above, the branches issuing toward every side, long and spreading; ramuli alternate, spirally inserted, corymbose, multifid; ceramidia ovate, sessile ; tetraspores apical, in short, swollen ramuli. L. heteroclada ; densissime cespitosa, e surculis repentibus orta; fronde livido- purpurea tereti rigida tenaci, juniore pluries secunde v. subsecunde ramosa ; rams ramulisque erecto-appressis axillis angustissimis ; adulta apice panicu- lata, ramis quoquoversum egredientibus elongatis patentibus ; ramulis alternis spiraliter insertis corymboso-multifidis ; ceramidiis ovatis sessilibus ; tetra- sporis in apicibus incrassatis ramulorum immersis. Lavrencta heteroclada, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad, v. 22. p. 544; Alg. Exsic. Austr. n. 234. Has. Covering the exposed edges of reefs at low water-mark, spreading continuously over wide spaces. Rottnest Island, VW. H.H. Fremantle, G. Clifton. Port Fairy, Cape Riche, and Western Port, WV. H. #. Grocr. Distr. Western and southern coasts of Australia. Descr. Roots forming a continuous mass of creeping interwoven fibres, spread- ing over large spaces. Fronds densely tutted, 4-8 inches high, rather thicker than hog’s-bristle, cylindrical, very rigid and tough. The young, immature fronds, 2-3 inches in height, are closely set with “lateral, generally secund, sometimes alternate branches, which are once or twice similarly branched, all the branches and ramuli being very straight and erect, filiform, with very narrow axils. The mature frond is more stipitate, and its upper branches become panicled or dendroid, dividing into many virgate‘and sub- patent secondary branches, which are set throughout with short, multifid, corymbose ramuli. The céramidia are ovate, sessile, and borne toward the end of the branches, on specimens which, though much divided, are not fur- nished with the corymbose ultimate ramuli; they contain a tuft of linear cla- vate spores. The ¢e¢raspores are in the tips of the corymbose ramuli, very few in each tip, which is then somewhat swollen or distorted. The colour is a very dark purple or brownish, becoming darker in drying, but after ex- posure or long steeping in fresh-water, it becomes more red. The substance is very rigid and wiry, and in drying the frond very imperfectly adheres to paper. This wiry species grows in situations where it is exposed to the full dash of a pretty constantly boisterous surf, and where few other Algze compete with it m “ the struggle for life.” Its matted roots take very firm hold on the rock, and it spreads in patches of many yards in length, or else borders the thin edge of the reef for a much greater extent. The young plants are remarkably different from the mature,—so much so, that, if separated, they might pass for different species. The cystocarpic and tetrasporic plants also differ in ramification, as takes place sometimes with other species, and adds greatly to the difficulty of distinguishing one from another. I fear the species of Laurencia have been too much multiplied. Fig. 1. LAURENCIA HETEROCLADA,—the natural size. 2. Branch, with cera- midia. 3. Tuft of spores. 4. Branchlet, with ¢e¢raspores in the tips. 5. A tetraspore. 6. Cross section of the stem :—the latter figures variously magnified. y Si Af nn hy 1 oe ke - af we ‘, a tk rs 4 i late CAG — Ser. RHODOSPERMES. Fam. Gelidiacee. Pratt CXLIX. SOLIERIA AUSTRALIS, Zarv. Gun. Cuar. Frond cylindrical, dendroid, formed of three strata; the me- dullary of longitudinal, anastomosing filaments; the zxtermediate, of several rows of angular oblong cellules ; the cortical of 2-3 rows of minute, coloured cellules. Lructification: 1, conceptacles immersed in the medullary region, the walls formed of a dense plexus of fila ments ; placenta fibrocellular, central (often at length hollow), sus- pended in the cavity by fibrous emanations from the walls; sores pedicellate, pyriform or ellipsoidal, emitted in fascicles from the pla- centa; 2, zonate ¢etraspores, dispersed among the cortical cellules.— Soxterta (J. 47.), in honour of MW. Solier, a distinguished French naturalist and algologist. Frons teres, dendroidea, stratis tribus formata ; strato medullari ex filis longitudi- nalibus anastomosantibus, intermedio cellulis oblongis angulatis pluriseriatis, corticali cellulis minimis 2—83-seriatis coloratis formato. Kruct.: 1, cysto- carpia in strato medullari omnino immersa, pericarpio fibroso induta ; pla- centa fibro-cellulari centralt in cavitate pericarpu funiculis suspensa, sporas pedicellatas pyriformes v. ellipsoideas fasciculatas emittente ; 2, tetraspore zo- natim divise, sparse. Sorrer1a australis ; frond dendroid (1-2 feet high), robust, excessively branched ; branches alternate or scattered, near together, many times alternately compounded ; ultimate branchlets (1-2 inches long) linear, acute, much attenuate at base, cystocarps half-immersed in the branchlets. S. australis ; fronde dendroidea (1-2-pedali) robusta decomposito-ramosissima ; ramis alternis sparsisve approximatis pluries alterne compositis; ramulis ultimis (1-2-uncialibus) linearibus acutis basi valde attenuatis ; cystocarpus in ramulis semi-timmersis. SoiEria australis, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 552; Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 346. Harv. in Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 316. Has. Fremantle, abundantly, W. H. H., G. Clifton. King George’s Sound; and at Georgetown, Tasmania, W. H. LH. Geroer. Distr. Western and southern coasts of Australia. Tasmania. Descr. Root a small conical disc. Fronds solitary or tufted, 1-2 feet long, 13-3 lines in diameter, cylindrical, excessively branched, and bushy. Prvi- mary branches spreading to all sides, inserted without order, closely placed, patent or erecto-patent, a foot or more in length, alternately once, twice, or several times decompound. All the divisions taper to the base, sometimes at their insertion being only of setaceous thickness ; all are acute, but rarely acuminate at the extremity. The ultimate ramuli are 1—2 inches long, generally very erect, with narrow axils. Cystocarps are plentifully scattered over the branches and ramuli, in the substance of which they are fully im- mersed, but rather prominent towards one side, and in the dried specimen project from the edges of the branch, like small conical pustules. The spores are often two or three in a string on the spore-thread, and are more oval than in S. chordalis. The colour is a full deep-red, becoming rather darker in drying, and, if not steeped in fresh-water for some time, the specimens will stain the paper rown on which they are displayed. The substance is fleshy and succulent, soft and flexible, and in drymg the frond adheres closely to paper. This genus agrees with Rhabdonia both in habit and in the structure of the frond, and differs merely in the structure of the cystocarp ; but so essentially as to compel us to refer these genera to different families. The present species is much larger and more robust than S. chordalis, but in other respects very similar to it. The ramuli, however, are much less taper-pomted, and the spores are of a somewhat different form. It abounds at Fremantle, after severe winter gales, and seems to come up from deep water. Fig 1. SoLIERIA AUSTRALIS; a young plant,—the natural size. 2. Transverse section of a branch, with an immersed conceptacle. 3. Portion of the pla- centa, with a tuft of spore-threads. 4. Spore-threads. 5. Longitudinal section of a branch :—the latter figures magnified. Ping ‘é nM "i a a i pi ut ti 4 Vincen Ser. RHoDOSPERMEA. Fam. Spherococcoidea. Puate CL. DELESSERIA CORIIFOLIA, JAarv. Gen. Cuan. Frond leaf-like, membranaceous, areolated, symmetrical, sim- ple or branched, midribbed. Fructification: 1, hemispherical con- ceptacles, sessile on the midrib, or on a lateral nerve, containing a tuft of moniliform spore-threads on a basal placenta; 2, tripartite tetraspores, in definite soz or spots, on the frond, or on accessory leaflets —DrLEssEria (4g.), in honour of Baron Delessert, a distin- guished patron of botany. Frons foliacea, membranacea, areolata, symmetrica, simplex v. ramosa, costata. Fruct.: 1, coccidia in costa venisque frondis sessilia, hemispherica, fila spori- Jera moniliformia a placenta basali emissa foventia: 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in soros definitos collecte. Derxxsserta coriifolia; frond midribbed, becoming branched by leaflets springing from the thick midrib ; leaflets cartilagineo-carnose, thick, opaque, lanceolate, obtuse ; membrane formed of several rows of poly- hedral cells, the innermost large, the cortical very minute ; cysto- carps and sori respectively borne on proper fruit-leaflets emitted by the midribs. D. coriifolia ; fronde costata foliolis a costa crassa prorumpentibus ramosa ; folio- lis cartilagineo-carnosis crassis opacis lanceolatis obtusis ; membrane cellulis pluriserialibus, interioribus magnis polyhedris, corticalibus minutissimis ; cys- tocarpiis sorisque in sporophyllis propriis e costa enatis. DELESSERIA coriifolia, Harv. in Trans. R. [. Acad. v. 22.p.548; Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 273. Has. Garden Island and Rottnest, Western Australia, WY. H. H., G. Clif- ton. Groar. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Frond at first consisting of a linear-oblong or sublanceo- late, midribbed leaf, which on the decay of the lamina and thickening of the rib, is gradually changed into a compressed, or imperfectly winged stem. This primary frond emits numerous similar leaves, which issue irre- gularly from the thick midrib, and in their turn emit secondary and often tertiary similar but smaller leaflets. The larger leaves are 3—5 inches long, 4-% inch wide, either blunt at base or tapering, and usually very blunt at the apex. The substance is thick, leathery when fresh, rigid when dry, and the membrane is composed of several rows of irregularly polyhedral cellules, all filled with granular matter, and the outer ones deeply coloured. The central cellules are of large size, in a single row in the lamina, and in several rows in and about the midrib ; the intermediate and cortical cells are much smaller, irregularly placed, and gradually become smaller to the surface. The fruit-leaflets or sporophylla are very small, obovate, undulate, thin in substance, and imperfectly ribbed; they are found on the midribs of the smaller leaves, and contain either cystocarps or a sorus of tetraspores. The colour is a full dark-red or blood-colour, and becomes rather deeper in drying. The frond very imperfectly adheres to paper in drying. The structure of the membrane in this species is different from that m most others of the genus, with the exception of D. Hookert and perhaps D. Afiddendorfirc, to both which it seems to be allied, though very distinct from either. If difference in cellular structure be alone a sufficient ground for distinguishing genera among the Algze, these three species might be separated as a genus; as it 1s, they form a natural section. An imperfect specimen of this plant, sent by Mr. Mylne from Australia, and given to me by the late Dr. Lemann, is described in Ner. Austr. p. 21, under Sarcomenia delesserioides, to which I doubtfully referred it. The two plants have a very similar habit, and not a very different structure ; but their fructification is quite different: as may be seen by comparing the pod-like, tetra- spore-bearing fruit of Sarcomenia (Plate CXXI.) with the broad fruit-leaves of our present Plate. Fig. 1. DELESSERIA CORIIFOLIA,—the natural size. 2. Sporophylla, containing tetraspores. 3. Some éetraspores. 4. Semisection of the lamina in a small leaf. 5. Section at the midrib, in the same; the latter figures variously magnified. aoe ae 7 mi a Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Spherococcoidec. Puare CLI. NITOPHYLLUM CURDIEANUM, Zar. Gun. Cuar. Frond membranaceous, expanded, areolate, unsymmetrical, nerveless or irregularly veined. Fructification: 1, hemispherical con- ceptacles, sessile on the frond, containing a tuft of moniliform spore- threads, on a basal placenta ; 2, tripartite ¢etraspores, in definite sori or spots, scattered, or confined to some part of the frond.—Nrro- PHYLLUM (Grev.), from nifor, ‘to shine,’ and duAdovp, a leaf. Frons membranacea, expansa, areolata, vage fissa, enervia v. basi venulis irregu- laribus peragrata. ruct.: 1, coecidia frondi sessilia, hemispherica, fila sporifera moniliformia a placenta basalt emissa foventia ; 2, tetraspore trian- gule divise, in soros definitos collecte. Nrropuyiuum Curdieanum ; stipes elongate, strongly ribbed, winged or two-edged, branched ; branches prolonged into lateral or terminal, nerveless or basally nerved, irregularly pinnatifid and lobulate, cuneato- flabelliform segments; axils very narrow ; apices obtuse; membrane rigid, papery, composed of several rows of cells; cystocarps globose, scattered; sori minute, oblong or linear, crowded in the ultimate segments and lobes. N. Curdieanum ; stipite elongato valide costato alato v. ancipite ramoso ; ramis in segmenta cuneato-flabelliformia lateralia v. terminalia vage pinnatifida et lobulata enervia v. basi nervosa productis ; awillis angustis, apicibus obtusis, margine integerrimo, membrana stratis pluribus cellularum constituta ; cysto- carpus globosis sparsis, soris minutis oblongis v. linearibus densissima in laci- nulis ultimis aggregatis. NiropHyLium Curdieannm, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 291. Has. South Australia, Dr. Curdie. Port Fairy, W. H. H. Grocer. Distr. Southern coasts of Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Fronds tufted, 6-12 inches long, flabelliform in general outline, much branched and divided. The adult frond has generally a lead- ing stem several inches long, 2—4 lines wide, winged with torn membrane, strongly ribbed, branching alternately or dichotomously, and often emitting throughout its whole length crowded, proliferous segments. The branches terminate also in segments similar to those of the stem: these are deeply cut, generally in a pinnate, sometimes in a dichotomous order; the divi- sions are either linear or very narrow-cuneate, flat or slightly wavy, the the lower ones with a vanishing nerve, the upper quite nerveless. All the apices are blunt. The membrane of the frond is decidedly rigid, composed of 4-5 rows of quadrate cells. Cystocarps, the size of poppy-seeds, are scattered over the principal segments. The soz are very small, and crowded in the ultimate segments. The older parts of the frond are a dark brown- red, the younger pinky; all become darker, and sometimes very dark, in drying. The frond very imperfectly, and with difficulty adheres to paper in drying. The spore-threads are very much branched. ~~ This species is nearly allied to VV. affine, as a variety of which I formerly regarded it, but have been induced to separate it specifically on account of its very rigid substance. JV. affine is delicately thin, and closely adheres to paper. This is also darker in colour ; and but for its much divided and deeply cut frond would come near WV. Gunnianum. The first specimens I received of it were in a parcel sent to me in 1851 by Dr. Curdie, of Geelong, to whom this species is dedicated. Fig. 1. Nrropnyttum Curpiganum,—the natural size. 2. A fragment of a segment, bearing cystocarps,—slightly enlarged. 3. Section through a cys- tocarp. 4. Spore-thread. 5. Frustule, with sori. 6. Tetraspores,—vari- ously magnified. a o ne iy sa yee - a TF } hes ep lati ay _ Plate i \y \ \ Ser. RuoposPERMEA. Fam. Rhodymeniacee. Puatr CLIT. RHABDONIA DENDROIDES, Zarv. Grn. Cuar. Frond filiform, decompound, imperfectly tubular ; tube partly filled with longitudinal, branching and anastomosing filaments ; peri- pheric stratum composed of polygonal cellules, smaller toward the cir- cumference. Fructification : 1, conceptacles immersed in the branches, suspended among the axial filaments and enclosed in a network of fila- ments, containing moniliform strings of spores, radiating from a cen- tral placenta; 2, zonate ¢etruspores dispersed through the superficial stratum.—Ruasponia (Harv.), from paSoos, a twig ; in allusion to the twiggy ramification of the species. Frons filiformis, decomposite ramosa, tubulosa ; tubo filis longitudinalibus ramosis anastomosantibus percurso ; strato peripherico ex cellulis angulatis superficiem versus minoribus contexto. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia infra stratum periphericum suspensa, reticulo filorum velata, carpostomio demum aperta, fila sporifera moniliformia a placenta centrali emissa continentia ; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise, per ramos minores sparse, immerse. Ruappontra dendroides ; frond full-red, dendroid ; stem elongate, robust, corneo-cartilaginous, rigid, decompound ; lesser branches densely fas- ciculato-corymbose and subfastigiate at the extremity ; ramuli taper- pointed, acute, not constricted at base ; conceptacles immersed in the ramuli. R.dendroides; fronde rubra dendroidea, caule elongato robusto corneo-cartilagineo rigido decomposito, ramis minoribus apice densissime fasciculato-corymbosis subfastigatis, ramulis attenuatis acutis basi non constrictis, conceptaculis ramu- lis wmmersis. Ruwapponta dendroides, Harv. in Herb. T.C_D. Has. Western Port, WV. H.H. Cape Shank, Mis. Barker. Garden Island, Western Australia, G. Clifton. Grocer. Distr. Bass’s Straits, Western Australia. Descr. Root much branched, rigid, the fibres clasping. Stem several inches long, 14—2 lines in diameter, very rigid and opaque, simple below, variously divided wpwards and breaking up finally into numerous cartilaginous, rather rigid branches. These are either long or short, subsimple or decompound, and are more or less furnished with short secondary branches which are very densely multiplied, and sometimes form broom-like tufts at the ends. The outline of these minor branches is often definite and subfastigiate. The ra- muli are terete, tapering at the apex, but not at the base. Cystocarps, of at least twice the diameter of the part where they occur, are immersed in the ramuli; they contain within the thick walls of the frond a large nucleus, composed of spore-threads issuing from a central placenta; the spores are ovoid, and of large size. The walls of the frond are much thicker and more densely cellular than in 2. coccinea: the central filaments are more or less copious according to the age of the part examined. The colowr is a dull red, becoming browner in drying. The substance is very firm and rigid, and only the younger portions of the frond adhere to paper in drying. I ain indebted to Mrs. Barker (through our mutual friend Dr. Ferd. Mueller) for a fine fruiting specimen of this rare plant, of which I only collected two or three specimens during my Aus- tralian tour. It is by much the most robust and rigid of the genus Phabdonia, and also the most tree-like. The different spe- cimens vary in extent of ramification, but all agree in the thick stem and densely crowded ramuli. The colour is by no means so bright as in #. coccinea, whose substance and habit also are quite different. I have to thank Mrs. Barker for an interesting parcel of Alge, well selected and carefully prepared,—and am happy to be able (as now) to figure the best plant it contained. While this sheet is passing through the press I have received a specimen from Western Australia, from my indefatigable cor- respondent, G. Clifton. Fig. 1. RHaBDONIA DENDROIDES,—+the natural size. 2. A ramulus, with im- mersed cystocarps. 3. Section through acystocarp. 4. Spore-threads. 5. A cross section of the frond. 6. A longitudinal section :—variously magni- fied. Plate CLHT. Ser. MELANOSPERMER. Fam. Fucacee. Puate CLIII. PHYLLOSPORA COMOSA, %. Gun. Cuar. Loot fibrous. Frond pinnately decompound, with flat stem and branches, nerveless leaves, and proper vesicles, but without pro- per receptacles. Vesicles stipitate, marginal, simple, leaf-bearing. Scaphidia immersed in unmetamorphosed marginal leaves, dicecious. Spores obovoid.—Puyitospora (4y.), from vdrov, a leaf, and amopa, a seed; because the fruit is placed in leafy organs, not in proper receptacles. Radix fibrosa. Frons pinnatim ramosa, caule ramisque planis, foliis enerviis vesiculisque donata, receptaculis propriis nullis. Vesicule stipitate, margi- nales, simplices, foliifere. Scaphidia in lamina folii non transformata im- mersa, dioica. Spore obovoidee. PHyYLLospora comosa; stem flat, smooth, pinnately branched ; leaves mar- ginal, lanceolate-linear, attenuate, distantly toothed; vesicles ellip- soidal, leaf-bearing. P. comosa ; caule plano levi pinnatim ramoso ; foliis marginalibus lanceolato- linearibus attenuatis subremote dentatis ; vesiculis ellipsoideis foliiferis. PHYLLOSPORA comosa, 4g. Rev. Macr. p. 311. ¢t. 28.f.11. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. t. 1. p. 253. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p.592. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 4. p. 525. Harv. in Fl. N. Zeal. v. 2..p. 214. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 283. Macrocystis comosa, 4g. Sp. p. 48; Syst. p.292. Rich. Astr. N. Zeal. p. 14, et v. 2. p. 142. Fucus comosus, Ladill. Pl. Nov. Holl. t. 258. Turn. Hist. t. 142. Has. In the Laminarian zone. South and south-east coasts of Australia. Tasmania. Groer. Distr. Australia. New Zealand. Descr. foot conico-hemispherical, composed of a large number of short, robust, simple, closely imbricating, obtuse fibres, radiating from a central, concave, margined disc, from the middle of which starts the solitary stem. Frond 12-20-30 feet long or more, pinnately decompound. Stem and branches strap-shaped, from quarter to nearly half an inch in breadth, preserving nearly the same width throughout, plano-compressed, two-edged, rather thicker ‘in the middle, very densely beset throughout with irregularly scat- tered or crowded marginal leaves, intermixed with small ciliary processes that may develope into leaves. Leaves 4-6-8 inches long, 1-6 lines wide, tapering to each end, and sometimes much attenuated, either sharply and coarsely toothed or more or less entire, with a few distant, small, or oblite- rated teeth: very variable in this character. /wit-leaves similar in form and position to the ordinary leaves, but shorter and generally broader, con- taining very many immersed spore-cavities (scaphidia). Spores and anthe- ridia in different cavities. Colowr a dull olive-brown, becoming darker in drying. Sudstance very tough and leathery, somewhat horny when dry. This is one of the gigantic Fucoids of the Southern Ocean, and is allied to another giant of the North Pacific, namely, PAyllo- spora Menzies. The nearest affinity with Phyllospora in the south is the Landsburgia quercifolia of New Zealand, a plant which I was formerly disposed to place in Phyllospora, but which differs somewhat in the evolution of the frond. Both genera differ from Sargassum in having their spore-cavities contained in unchanged or nearly unchanged leaves, instead of being lodged in proper receptacles. The root of the present species is curiously formed, and im old specimens the disc, from the middle of which the stem springs, becomes deeply cup-shaped. The substance, when old, is very hard and woody; and when cast ashore, these roots resemble little birds’-nests more than anything marine. ‘They are cast up in large numbers at the close of the year. Fig. 1. Apex of a branch of PHyLLospora comosa. 2. Root and base of stem; both of the natural size. 3. Section of a fruit-leaf, somewhat mag- nified. 4, Vertical section of a spore-cavity or scaphidium,—more highly magnified. LLV PiQteme Ancent Broaks,iap, ~ y Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Rhodomelacee. Prats CLIV. POLYSIPHONIA CLADOSTEPHUS, dons. Gun. Cuar. Frond filiform, partially or generally articulate ; the joints lon- gitudinally striate, composed of numerous cylindrical cells surrounding a central cell (sometimes coated with one or several rows of smaller cells). ructification: 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia, containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, ¢e¢raspores immersed in swollen branches. —PotysipHonta (Grev.), from modus, many, and ovpov, a tube. Frons filiformis, plus minus articulata ; articulis longitudinaliter pluristriatis, ex cellulis 4-20 cylindraceis cellulam centralem cingentibus formatis (nunc cellulis minoribus pluriseriatis corticatis). Fruct.: 1, ceramidia; 2, tetra- spore in ramulis ultimis uniseriate. PotystpHonta Cladostephus; brownish-purple, flaccid; frond setaceous, elongate, alternately much branched; larger branches decompound, smaller erect, subsimple, all clothed with dichotomous, byssoid, whorled, monosiphonous ramelli; articulations of the branches seven- tubed, 2-4 times longer than broad, the upper shorter; ceramidia ovate, sessile ; tetraspores uniseriate, in distorted branchlets. P. Cladostephus ; fusco-purpurea, flaccida ; fronde setacea elongata alterne ra- mosissima ; ramis majoribus decompositis, minoribus erectis longe simplicibus, omnibus ramellis dichotomis byssoideis verticillatis monosiphoniis vestitis ; arti- culis ramorum {-siphoniis diametro 2-4-plo longioribus, superioribus sensim brevioribus, ceramidiis ovatis sessilibus, tetrasporis in ramulis distortis uni- seriatis. PoLystpHonta CLapvostEPHus, Mont. Voy. Pol. Sud, v. 1. p. 182. t. 18. f. 4a. Harv. Ner. Austr.p. 45; Alg. Austr. Exsic.n. 199. Harv. in Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. v. 2. p. 232; Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 301. PotysipHonta byssoclados, Harv. in Lond. Journ. v. 3. p. 436. CLADOSTEPHUS australis, 4g. Syst. p. 169. GRIFFITHSIA australis, 4g. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 135. Binpera Cladostephus, Dene. Haz. Common on the western and southern coasts of Australia, and in Tasmania, various collectors. Grocer. Distr. Lord Auckland’s Island, New Zealand. Duscr. Root discoid. Fronds densely tufted, 6-12 inches long or more, as thick as hog’s-bristle, pellucidly articulate throughout, excessively branched, with an angularly-bent, more or less evident main stem. Principal dranches somewhat ovate in outline, alternately decompound, several times divided, and more or less ramuliferous ; all the angles sharp, and the divisions of the frond and branches erect or erecto-patent. The older parts of the frond are denuded and smooth, but all the vigorous and younger parts are beset, at every articulation, with a whorl of byssoid, monosiphonous ramelli. These ra- melli are dichotomous, 1-2 lines long, very soft and slender, and long-jointed ; in all respects resembling the ramelli of a Dasya. They are denser on the younger parts, and at the ends of the branchlets so crowded together that they make a dark, eye-like spot. The frond is seven-tubed, the articulations varying in length in different individuals and in different parts of the same individual; the articulations are all pellucid. The ceramidia are sessile on the sides of the smaller branches, ovate or broadly urceolate, and elegantly areolated with hexagonal cells. The deéraspores are set alternately on dis- torted branchlets. The colowr, when recent, is a dark red-purple or vinous, becoming browner and darker in drying. The substance is soft, and in drying the frond adheres firmly to paper. Na ae a a eae An abundant species on most parts of the southern coast, and easily known from every other Australian by the byssoid, one- tubed ramelli that whorl every jot, except on the denuded parts. These ramelli are similar in structure to the ramelli of a Dasya ; but this species differs from Dasya and agrees with other Polysiphonia in having its tetraspores lodged, not in “ stéchidia,” but in the ordinary ramuli. A European species, P. byssoidea, agrees with our P. Cladostephus im this character, but differs in ramification and in other respects. Fig. 1. PotystpHonta CLapostrepHus,—the natural size. 2. Joints of the stem and the ramellus. 3. Cross section of the stem. 4. Part of a ramu- lus, with ceramidia. 5. A ceramidium. 6. Spores from the same. 7. A. ramulus, with tetraspores. 8. A tetraspore :—variously magnified. Din, PT Plate CL} oe a \ a7 7 = ¢ EET A Fd tk op aS N . — =a A SSS . % : / — “. \ PEK Bd CL ar op BS! / Ae faa ; ri Ancent Brooks bnp Ser. RHODOSPERMEA. Fam. Rhodomelacee. Puate CLV. POLYSIPHONIA SPINOSISSIMA, Zarv. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform, partially or generally articulate ; the joints lon- gitudinally striate, composed of numerous cylindrical cells surrounding a central cell (sometimes coated with one or several rows of smaller cells). Lructification: 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia, containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, ¢e¢raspores, immersed in swollen branches.—PotysipHonta (Grev.), from aodvus, many, and order, a tube. Frons filiformis, plus minus articulata ; articulis longitudinaliter pluristriatis, ex cellulis 4-20 cylindraceis cellulam centralem cingentibus formatis (nune cellulis minoribus pluriseriatis corticatis). Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ; 2, tetra- spore in ramulis ultimis uniseriate. - POLYSIPHONIA spinosissima ; brownish, densely tufted; frond setaceous, shrubby, articulate throughout, furrowed, decompoundly much branched ; branches directed every way, close together, patent, vir- gate, several times pinnately decompound ; ramuli spine-like, squar- rose, spirally inserted, very short and close together ; articulations 7-tubed, those of the branches once and half as long as broad, those of the ramuli very short. P. spinosissima ; fuscescens, dense cespitosa, fronde setacea fruticosa articulata sulcata decomposite ramosissima ; ramis quaquaversis creberrimis patentibus pluries pinnatim compositis ; ramulis spineformibus squarrosis spiraliter in- sertis brevibus crebris ; articulis septemsiphoniis, ramorum diametro sesquilon- giortbus, ramulorum brevissimis. PoLysiIPHONIa spinosissima, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n.173. Harv. in Hook, Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 301. Has. In a salt-water creek near “ Belfast,” Port Fairy, VW. H. H. Tas- mania, C. Stuart. Grocr. Distr. South coasts of Australia. Tasmania. Descr. Fronds densely tufted, 2-3 inches high, pellucidly articulate throughout, alternately branched, shrubby. ranches virgate, subsimple, very densely set throughout, as well as the stem, with short, patent ramuli directed to every side. amuli spine-like, 2—3 lines long, closely crowded, when young simple and slenderly subulate, afterwards set with smaller secondary subu- late ramuli: all tipped with hair-like fibres. Articulations 7-tubed, rather shorter than their breadth, with wide hyaline spaces between the tubes, and broad hyaline dissepiments. Fruit unknown. Colour brownish, with slightly purple tinge. Substance cartilaginous, rather firm when growing, but becoming flaccid. When dry the frond adheres closely to paper. This belongs to the same section as P. cancellata and its allies, but differs from all of that group by the very densely set and spine-like compound ramuli, sprouting from all sides of the stem and branches. In the habitat near Belfast it occurs abundantly, but none of the specimens collected by me were in fruit. Perhaps the fruit, when discovered, may afford fur- ther characters. Fig. 1. PotystpHonta sPrNnostssima,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a branch, with ramuli. 38. An ultimate ramulus. 4. Cross section of a branch :— the latter figures magnified. Ser. RooposPERMES. Fam. Cryptonemiacee. Puate CLVI. HOREA FRUTICULOSA, Zarv. Gun. Cuar. Frond fleshy-membranous, plano-compressed, composed of three strata of cells; the medullary stratum of large, empty, thin- walled cells (often ruptured) ; the intermediate, of several rows of smaller, coloured, angular cells ; the cortica/, of vertical, dichotomous, moniliform filaments, set in gelatine. ructification: 1, favelle within a proper external pericarp crowned with spines, and opening by a pore, attached to a basal placenta, invested with cobwebby inter- woven filaments, and containing angular spores ; 2, cruciate ¢etra- spores, dispersed among the filaments of the cortical stratum.—Horna (Harv.), in honour of the Rev. W.S. Hore, an accomplished naturalist. Frons carnoso-membranacea, plano-compressa, ex stratis tribus cellularum compo- sita ; stratum medullare cellulis maximis inanibus demum sepe ruptis, interme- dium cellulis pluriseriatis minoribus coloratis, corticale filis moniliformibus verticalibus dichotomis muco cohibitis formatum. ruct.: 1, Favelle intra pericarpium externum apice spinis coronatum poro pertusum, ad placentam basalem affize, filis arachnoideis laxe cireumdate, sporas conglobatas angu- lares foventes ; 2, tetraspore sparse, cruciatim divisa. Horza fruticulosa ; frond shrubby, tereti-compressed, irregularly much- branched, pale-red, succulent ; branches virgate, subsimple, beset with subulate, simple or subsimple, quadrifarious ramuli; conceptacles 4-horned, on squarrose branchlets. H. fruticulosa ; fronde fruticulosa tereti-compressa vage ramosissima rubra suc- cosa ; ramis virgatis simpliciusculis ramulis subulatis simplicibus v. subramo- sis crebre obsessis ; cystocarpiis 4-cornutis ramulis squarrosis insidentibus. Horea fruticulosa, Harv. Alg. Ewsic. Austr. n. 440. Has. Port Phillip Heads, rare, W. H. H. Geoer. Distr. (As above.) Descr. Root branching. Fronds tufted, 3-6 inches long, 1-14 lines in dia- meter, shrubby, between cylindrical and compressed, very irregularly much branched. The conceptacle-bearing individuals are more robust and rigid, and more irregularly branched and squarrose than those that bear tetra- spores. These last have generally a leading stem, closely set throughout with lateral branches directed to all sides, patent, subsimple, and virgate or flexuous, rather densely set with slender, subulate and attenuate ramuli. The ramuli ave 3-5 lines long, and very acute. Those of the conceptacle- bearing plants are often much divided, especially such as bear the concepta- cles. Conceptacles sessile, truncato-conical, crowned with about four short horns or tubercles. Tetraspores cruciate, abundant in the periphery of the subulate ramuli. The colour is a pale, sometimes a very pale, rather dull red, somewhat brownish in the stronger specimens. Swdbstance at first ra- ther crisp, soon becoming flaccid in the air, soft and juicy. In drying the frond adheres closely to paper. — PLL At Plate LXVII. is figured the original species on which the genus Horea was founded: and two others are figured in the ‘Flora of Tasmania.’ Our present Plate represents still another, and the only other known species. It is the least expanded, and the most shrub-like of the genus, but agrees with all the rest in fruit and structure. There is greater diversity between the individuals that bear ~ the different fruits in this than im the other species: those that bear conceptacles having a stunted growth, and much more ir- regular and more divided ramification. Fig. 1. Hora FRUTICULOSA; a conceptacle-bearing individual,—the natural size. 2. Ramulus, with conceptacles. 3. Vertical section of a conceptacle,— variously magnified. 4, A tetraspore-bearing individual,—the natural size. 5. Cross section of a ramulus, with the tetraspores 7m situ. 6. A tetraspore, —variously magnified. le a Whe Mh Plate CLL trv y H) woe [oa VIRCCIie to Uv eS sane A Ser. RHoposPERMEA. Fam. Rhodymeniacea. Pratre CLVII. RHODYMENIA POLYMORPHA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond flat, membranous, dichotomous or palmate, composed of two strata of cells; the medullary stratum of oblong, polygonal, larger cells; the cortical of minute, vertically seriated cellules. Fructification: 1, sessile, hemispherical, thick-walled conceptacles, at length opening by a terminal pore, containing densely-packed, spori- ferous filaments issuing from a basal placenta, and surrounded by a gelatinous pellicle ; 2, cruciate or tripartite ¢e¢raspores, either scattered over the frond, collected in sori, or immersed in terminal, shield-like nemathecia.—RuopYMENIA (Grev.), from podeos, red, and vpny, a membrane. Frons plana, membranacea, dichotoma v. palmata, stratis duobus composita ; strato medullari ex cellulis majusculis oblongis polyhedris, corticali cellulis minimis coloratis pluriserialibus conflato. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia sessilia, hemispherica, intra pericarpium crassum demum carpostomio apertum fila sporifera densissime aggregata, e placenta basali emissa, pelliculé gelatinoso- cellulosd velata foventia; 2, tetraspore cruciatim v. triangule divise, nunc sparse, nune in soros subdefinitos collecte v. in nematheciis terminalibus im- MET SE. RuopyMenta polymorpha; stipes short, very soon expanding into the base of the frond ; frond dull red or pale- purplish, very broad, oblong or ovate, polymorphous, sometimes simple, with the margin leaf-bearing, sometimes cleft into numerous lanceolate segments ; segments either simple or variously cleft, or producing marginal leaves ; cystocarps very numerous, scattered over the whole frond. R. polymorpha ; stipite brevi mow in basi frondis eeplanato ; fronde dilute rubra latissima oblongo-ovata polymorpha nunc subsimplici maryine folufera, nunc in lacinias plures lanceolatas fissa ; laciniis nunc simplicibus nunc margine fo- liiferis v. varie inciso-partitis ; cystocarpiis numerosissimis per totam frondem disper'sis. RuHopYMENIA polymorpha, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 383 ; Harv. in Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 319. Has. Thrown up from deep water. Port Fairy, Port Phillip Heads, and Philip Island, Western Port, W.H.H. Georgetown, ‘Tasmania, Grocer. Distr. Southern coasts of New Holland. Bass’s Straits, both sides. Descr. Root a small disc. Stem compressed, cartilaginous, 3—% inches long, cu- neate upwards and gradually expanding into the base of the frond. Frond 1-2 feet long or more, 2-8 inches wide, extremely variable in shape. The primitive form appears to be oblong, or obovate-oblong, tapering at base, either blunt at the extremity or tapering to a subacute point. Sometimes it is quite simple, with the margin variably indented or sinuate; more fre- quently the marginal teeth are developed into leaf-likelateral lobes, 1-6 inches long, and 4-13 inch wide. Specimens that bear tetraspores are very gene- rally deeply divided, and sometimes cleft nearly to the base into numerous broadly-lanceolate segments, which are then either quite entire and flat, or else margined throughout with lateral leaflets. The surface is generally quite smooth and glossy, but is sometimes bullated, and occasionally roughened by small processes. The cystocarps are extremely numerous, and profusely scattered over the whole frond; they are hemispherical, thick- walled, and contain a dense nucleus within a large cavity. The ¢etvaspores are triangularly parted, and form cloudy patches, dispersed over the frond. The colour varies from a dull livid-purplish to a rather bright but pale blood- red: it soon fades on exposure. The substance is thickish-membranous, or like parchment, shrinking in drying, and imperfectly adhering to paper. It bears steeping in fresh-water, without injury, for a considerable time. With the structure and fructification of Rhodymenia this spe- cies has much of the habit and extreme irregularity of outline of an Jridea or of the broad-fronded Gigartine, such as G@. radula. Our figure represents an average form, but many folio plates might be filled to little purpose with varying individuals, with- out exhausting the “sports” of this most sporting plant. Still, there is that general agreement in substance and texture, and that scarcely definable resemblance between all, that make it easy, on the shore, to combine the many shapes under one ideal type. In the herbarium it is not so easy, without comparison of a very extensive suite. Hence single specimens, or a solitary figure, of this plant, can scarcely be said to illustrate it. Its nearest affinity is with R. pertusa, of the N.W. Pacific, and — R. sanguinea, of New Zealand. Vig. 1. RoopyMENIA PoLYMORPHA; ¢he natural size. 2. Vertical section of a conceptacle, and of the frond. 3. Spores from the nucleus. 4. Tetraspores: —variously magnified. Ser. RuoposPerMEs. Fam. Spyridiacee. Puate CLVIILI. SPYRIDIA OPPOSITA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform, pinnately decompound, articulated, but gra- dually becoming coated with a layer of small, coloured cellules; branches and ramuli furnished with minute, bristle-shaped, articu- lated ramelli. Cystocarps terminating short branches, involucrated or naked, containing within a closed, membranous pericarp, numerous nucleoli of oblong spores. Tetraspores formed along the ramelli, ex- ternal, sessile, triangularly parted.—Spyrip1a (/arv.), from oupts, a basket. Frons filiformis, pinnatim decomposita, articulata, sensim cellulis minutis colo- ratis corticata ; ramis ramulisque ramellis articulatis setiformibus minutis plus minus instructis. Cystocarpia ramos breves terminantia, ramellis in- volucrata, v. nuda, ietra pericarpium clausum membranaceum nucleolos plures sporarum oblongarum foventia. Tetraspore ad genicula ramellorum evo- lute, externa, sessiles, triangule divise. Spyrip1a opposita; frond bluntly four-angled, decompoundly much- branched, distichous; branches and ramuli closely pinnulated with opposite, setaceous, subdistichous ramelli; ramelli incurved, subulate, acute, not constricted at base, their articulations as long as broad ; cystocarps without involucre. S. opposita; fronde obtuse quadrangulari decomposita ramosissima disticha ; ra- mis ramulisque ramellis oppositis subdistichis setaceis crebre pinnulatis ; ra- mellis incurvis subulatis acutis nec basi angustatis ; articulis ramellorum dia- metro equalibus ; cystocarpiis basi nudis (nec involucratis). Spyrip1a opposira, Harv. in Hook. fil. Fl. N. Zeal. v. 2. p. 256. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 464. Has. Near Cape Northumberland, Mrs. Eddington. Philip Island, Western Port, VW. H.H. Fremantle; G. Clifton. Southport, Tas- mania, C. Stuart. GroGcr. Distr. Western and southern coasts of Australia. Tasmania. New Zealand. \ Descr. Root a small disc. Stem once or twice forked near the base, or undi- vided, 4-6 inches long, compresso-quadrangular, with rounded, prominent angles, closely set throughout with alternate, lateral, subhorizontally patent, simple branches. These branches are once or twice distichously pinnate, the pinne irregularly set, and of very unequal length. Pinnules few and short. The younger part of the stem, and the branches and their divisions, are all closely pectinato-pinuate, with opposite, hair-like, simple ramelli, 2 line long, and either distichous or irregularly decussating. The frond is corticated throughout with several rows of minute, coloured cellules, through which the internal articulations are scarcely visible, except in the smaller ra- muli; the samelli are plainly articulate, and cross-banded at the dissepiments with rows of coloured, dot-like cellules. Cystocarps (found on half-denuded fronds, in the winter season) borne on the tips of shortened ramelli, sub- globose, imperfectly 3-lobed, without involucre, containing three clusters of spores. Zetraspores unknown. Colour of the frond dark-red; of the ra- muli a full blood-red or rosy. Suéstance rather rigid. In drying it very imperfectly adheres to paper. A distinctly-marked and rather extensively distributed species of Spyridia ; a small genus, whose typical species, S. f/amentosa, is almost cosmopolitan, being absent only from the colder zones. The specimens of our S. opposita from New Zealand, quite ac- cord with those from the south coast of Australia, but are rather less luxuriant than Mr. Clifton’s from western Australia. None that we have seen produce ¢e/raspores ; nor have cystocarps been found except by Mr. C. Stuart, from one of whose specimens our figure has been taken. ‘The exactly opposite and nearly disti- chous ramelli easily distinguish this from any variety of S. fila- mentosa. The structure of frond and ramelli is nearly the same in both species. The colour of S. opposita is much fuller, brighter, and more enduring. Fig, 1. Spyrrpra opposita,—the natural size. 2. A ramulus, pinnulated with opposite ramelli, 3. A ramellus, inserted on a fragment of the ramulus. 4. Section of a ramellus. 5, 6. Section of a younger and older branch of the frond. 7. A three-lobed cystocarp in situ. 8. String of spores from the same :—variously magnified. 2a Plate CLIA. Ser. MELANOSPERMES. Fam. Fucacee. Puate CLIX. CARPOGLOSSUM CONFLUENS, Kidz. Gun. Cuar. Root discoid. Frond with subdistinct stem and leaves, pin- nate; leaves vertically flattened, imperfectly costate. Vesicles and receptacles none. Spore-cavities scattered over both surfaces of the leaves, hemispherically prominent, moncecious. Paranemata simple.— Carpoctossum (Kiitz.), from xaptos, fruit, and yNwooa, a tongue ; because the fruit-bearig leaves are tongue-shaped. Radix scutata. rons caule a foliis subdistincto heterogenea, pinnatim decom- posita ; phyllodiis verticaliter applanatis, immerse costatis. Receptacula pro- pria et vesicule nulla. Scaphidia in utraque pagina foliorum sparsa, hemi- spherice prominentia, monoica. Spore obovoidee, subsessiles. Paranemata simpliciuscula. Carpociossum confluens ; frond laxly pinnated or bi-tripinnated; stem flat, obsoletely midribbed, broader than the erect, simple (or pin- nately compound), very entire, obtusely emarginate, linear-cuneate phyllodia; spore-cavities in many rows. C. confluens; fronde laviuscule pinnata v. bi-tripinnatim decomposita ; caule plano obsolete contorto, phyllodiis erectis simplicibus (v. pinnatim compositis) integerrimis obtuse emarginatis lineari-cuneatis latiore; scaphidiis pluri- seriatis. CaRPOGLOSSUM CONFLUENS, Kiitz. Phyc. p. 352. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.v. 1. p. 195. Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm, v. 2. p. 286; Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 40. Fucus confluens, R. Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 141. Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 95; Syst. p. 278. Has. Laminarian zone. Port Dalrymple, Tasmania, A. Brown. Port Arthur, Lyall, W. H. H. Port Phillip Heads and Western Port, Dr. Mueller, W. H. H. Geroar. Distr. Southern coasts of New Holland; north and south coasts of Tasmania. Descr. Root a conoidal callus, half to three-quarters of an inch diameter. Frond fourteen inches to 2-3 feet long, when young or dwarfed simply pinnate, when full-grown twice or thrice pinnately compounded. The principal rachis and the rachides of the larger branches of old fronds are 5-8 lines wide, ta- pering to the base, broader upwards, and again slightly narrowing to the blunt éxtremity, flat, imperfectly midribbed, sharp-edged, and perfectly entire. All the divisions stand very erect and have rounded axils. The ultimate segments are linear-cuneate, half an inch wide or less, narrowed at base, minutely notched at the apex, and linear-oblong or somewhat cuneate; if injured at the point, a new segment is often thrown out from the injured part. Spore-cavities (scaphidia) are produced in unaltered lateral segments, and finally cover the whole surface of the segment in 4—6 rows; they con- tain both antheridia and spores. The colour is a dark olive-brown, turning black in drying. Sudstance leathery, discharging much mucus in fresh- water. TO Eee At Plates XLIII. and CX XVIII. are figured two other species of Carpoglossum, both easily distinguishable from each other, and neither likely to be confounded with the subject of our present Plate. This latter was first found by Mr. R. Brown, who named it “‘ confluens,’ because its several parts seem almost to me/¢ into one another; the midrib passing insensibly into lamina; the lamina into stem; and the leaf-like branches into half-formed receptacles. It commences to grow about low-water mark, and gradually increases in size as the water deepens. Specimens raised from the deeper parts of the Laminarian zone are much more branched, with longer and far narrower segments than the one here chosen for illustration. Fig. 1. CARPOGLOSSUM CONFLUENS,—+the natural size. 2. Section of a scaphi- dium. 3. A spore. 4. A tuft of antheridia :—variously magnified. ae SK = Lee ew aa! i, Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Ceramiacee. Prats CLX. CALLITHAMNIONGRIFFITHSIOIDES, Sox. Gun. Cuar. Frond filiform, branched, articulated, monosiphonous, the stem and branches (in many species) at length thickened internally, or coated externally with decurrent filaments ; ramuli always pellucidly articulate and monosiphonous. ructification: 1, favelle generally in pairs, axillary or sessile on the branches, naked, containing nume- rous angular spores; 2, ¢etraspores naked, sessile or pedicellate, dis- tributed on the ramuli, generally triangularly parted. —CaLLirHaMNION (Lyngb.), from karrus, beautiful, and Capviov, a little shrub. Frons filiformis, ramosa, articulata, monosiphonia, caule ramisque majoribus (in pluribus) demum fibris decurrentibus interne vel externe evolutis corticatis v. firmatis ; ramulis semper pellucide articulatis. Hruct.: 1, favelle binate, axillares v, ad ramos sessiles, nude, sporas numerosas angulatas foventes ; 2, tetraspore nude, ad ramulos sessiles v. pedicellate, triangule v. cruciatin di- vise. CaLLITHAMNION Griffithsioides ; densely tufted, bright rosy-red; fronds interwoven at base, setaceous, pellucidly articulate, dichotomous, fas- tigiate ; branches several times forked with acute axils, bearing to- wards the apex minute, multifid ramuli; ramuli closely branched, nearly corymbose, fruit-bearing ; tetraspores pedicellate, near the ends of the ramuli ; articulations cylindrical, 6-8 times as long as broad. C. Griffithsioides ; cespitosum, coccineum ; frondibus basi intertextis setaceis pellucide articulatis dichotomis fastigiatis; ramis pluries furcatis (axillis acutis), apicem versus ramulos minutos multifidos ferentibus ; ramulis crebre ramulosis fere corymbosis fructiferis ; tetrasporis prope apices ramulorum fas- ciculatis pedicellatis, articulis cylindraceis diametro 6—8-plo longioribus. CALLITHAMNION Griffithsioides, Sond. in Linn. v. 26. p. 512. Harv. in Hook. fil. Hl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 336. CaLLITHAMNION Griffithsie, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 535. Has. Wilson’s Promontory, 1853, Dr. Ferd. Mueller. Port Fairy, 1854, W.H. H. Georgetown, Tasmania, 1848, R. Gunn. Geroar. Distr. South coast of New Holland. Tasmania. Descr. foot an entangled mass of creeping fibres. Filaments as thick as hog’s bristle, densely tufted, 3-5 inches long, pellucidly articulated from the base, many times regularly forked, spreading equally, and nearly fastigiate. All the divisions of the frond are very erect, and the angles acute; each fork of the larger branches is 4—8 lines apart. In barren specimens the terminal ramifications are filiform and quite simple ; in fertile ones they bear closely much branched corymbs of minute inflexed fructiferous ramuli. The ¢etra- spores are globose, tripartite, shortly pedicellate, and issue one from each articulation of the ramulus, along its inner face. The apices are obtuse. The articulations are cylindrical, with wide hyaline borders, and many times longer than their diameter ; those of the smaller branches and ramuli be- come gradually shorter upwards. The colour is a brilliant rosy-crimson. The substance is crisp when fresh, but soon softens on exposure, and rapidly decomposes in fresh-water. In drying the plant closely adheres to paper, which it stains carmine. A brilliantly coloured species, with a good deal of the aspect, ramification, colour, and substance, but not the /ruct, of Grifithsia setacea : for which, except when in fruit, it might readily be mistaken. Both plants, when thrown into fresh-water while still living, are apt to burst their cells with a crackling noise, dis- charging the endochrome with violence ; and if not soon removed and placed on paper (which they stain with a deep carmine) de- compose in a few minutes. Fig. 1. CaLLITHaMNION GRIFFITHSIOIDES,—¢he natural size. 2. Apex of a branch, with corymbose terminal ramuli. 3. A corymb of tetraspores from the same. 4. One of the ¢e¢raspores on its pedicel :—the latter figures variously magnified. Plate CLXT Ser. CHLOROSPERMES. Fam. Siphonacea. Puate CLXI. CAULERPA DISTICHOPHYLLA, Sond. Gun. Cuar. Frond consisting of prostrate surculi, rooting from their lower surface, and throwing up erect branches (or secondary fronds) of various shapes. Sudstance horny-membranous, destitute of cal- careous matter. Structure unicellular, the cell continuous, strength- ened internally by a spongy network of anastomosing filaments, and filled with semifluid, grumous matter. ructification unknown.— Cauxerpa (Lamz.), from kavXos, a stem, and éptra, to creep. Frons ex surculis prostratis hic ilie radicantibus et ramis erectis polymorphis Jformata. Substantia corneo-membranacea. Structura unicellulosa, cellule membrana continua hyalina intus filis cartilagineis tenuissimis anastomosanti- bus firmata et endrochromate denso viridi repleta. Fr. ignota. Cauterpa distichophylla ; surculus setaceous, glabrous ; fronds erect, fili- form, simple or sparingly branched, closely pectinato-pinnate, with minute, subulate, distichous or subtristichous ramenta ; ramenta ob- tuse or submucronulate, incurved, not narrowed at base. C. distichophylla; sarculo setaceo glabro, frondibus erectis filiformibus simpli- cibus v. parce ramosis crebre pectinato-pinnatis, pinnis (ramentis) minutis subulatis (junioribus falcatis) distichis v. subtristichis obtusis v. mucronula- tis basi non angustatis. CauLerPa distichophylla, Sond. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p.150. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 553. CauLerpa tenella, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 564. Has. Western Australia, Prezss. On “the Jetty-reef” at Rottnest Island, rare, WH. i. Geroer. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Surculus 2-8 inches long, as thick or twice as thick as hog’s-bristle, quite glabrous, emitting a few, slender, short roots. Fronds 1-3 inches high, simple or forked, or bearing 2—4 distant, alternate, lateral, undivided branches, narrow-linear in outline, closely pectinato-pinnate throughout, with very short ramenta. Ramenta (or pinne) 3-1 line long, erecto-patent, subincurved, from a broad base bluntly subulate, opposite or subalternate, either exactly distichous or irregularly tristichous, and occasionally sub- spirally inserted. Colour a dark bottle-green, glossy when dry. Sudstance horny-membranous, imperfectly adhering to paper in drying. A small, slender, weak-growing, and decidedly a rare species, 9) Though named “ distichophylla,” it has little claim, par eacel- lence, to this designation ; for, like many distichous Cau/erpe, it is hable to vary to tristichous or irregularly spiral. A slight twist in the growing stem is sufficient to destroy the perfectly dis- tichous character; but besides this, it frequently happens (as shown at Fig. 2), that a ramentum is emitted from the middle region of the rachis, between the two distichous ramenta. Such a circumstance, occurring as it does even more commonly in several other distichous species, teaches us how worthless, as a generic character, the distichous or non-distichous ramentation in Caulerpa is:—yet on this alone it has been proposed to divide the genus. Fig. 1. CAULERPA DISTICHOPHYLLA,—the natural size. 2, Part of a branch :— magnified. Plate CAM. Ser. RHoDOSPERMEZ. Fam. //elminthocladee. Puare CLXII. LIAGORA CHEYNEANA, Zar. Grn. Cuar. Frond terete or compressed, dichotomous or pinnate, at length coated with a calcareous deposit, with a filamentous axis and continu- ous stratum of peripheric filaments ; axis formed of long, branching, interlaced, longitudinal filaments ; periphery of horizontal, articulated, moniliform, branching filaments. /wctification imperfectly known. —Liacora (Lamour.), a classical name ; one of the Nereids. Frons teretiuscula v. compressa, dichotoma v, pinnatim ramulosa, crusta cal- carea demum obducta, axi stratoque peripherico continuo constituta ; axis filis elongatis ramosis articulatis intricatis constans ; stratum periphericum filis horizontalibus articulatis moniliformibus ramosis constitutum. Fructus vie notus. Lracora Cheyneana; frond gelatinous, compressed, somewhat channelled when dry, dichotomous, much-branched ; branches erecto-patent, sil- very, clothed with a purple tomentum ; apices diverging; peripheric filaments free, cylindrical, forked. L. Cheyneana ; 3 fronde gelatinosa compressa siccitate subcanaliculata dichotoma ramosissima; ramis erecto-patentibus argenters villo purpureo tomentosis; api- cibus divar icatis, filis periphericis liberis cylindraceis furcatis. Liacora Cheyneana, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 552. Harv. Alg. Austr. Kxsic. n. 352. Has. On rocks and the smaller Algee, within tide-marks. At Cape Riche, W.H. H. Fremantle, G. Clifton. Groar. Distr. Western and south-western coasts. Descr. Fronds tufted, 3-6 inches long, 3-1 line in diameter, subcompressed, of nearly equal diameter throughout, when dry collapsing and partly chan- nelled, irregularly much branched, subdichotomous, rarely having any lateral branchlets. In full-grown fronds there is a more or less evident leading stem, throwing out subquadrifarious sparingly dichotomous branches ; some- times the whole frond is pretty regularly dichotomous. The dranches are flexuous, forked at intervals of one or two inches, the axils rounded, and the apices divergent. When growing, the whole frond is of a beautiful rosy purple; the colour residing in the soft, subgelatinous, peripheric filaments, which project, as a villum, beyond the calcareous substratum of the frond. When dry, the surface is powdery and mottled, white and purplish, the sil- very substratum appearing through the shrunk peripheric filaments. The peripheric filaments are subcylindrical, with joints two to three times longer than broad. Sometimes they bear at their extremities globose tufts of di- chotomously much-branched, fastigiate, minute, moniliform filaments, which may possibly contain antheridia. Spores unknown. Colour, when growing, purple. Swdstance gelatinous when fresh, soft and membranous when dry ; in which state the frond closely adheres to paper. The subject of our present Plate was discovered while staying at the hospitable house of George Cheyne, Esq., of Cape Riche and Albany, Western Australia, in compliment to whom and to Mrs Cheyne I have pleasure in naming it. ‘The neighbourhood of Cape Riche is a most famous botanizing ground, as far as the exuberant and thoroughly Australian /axd Flora is concerned ; but I did not find the coast equally rich in Algze, and the present is one of the few new species which I added to my list whilst sojourning at the farm. In the genus to which it belongs it is distinguished by its unusually bright colour, and the length, freedom, and slight ramification of the peripheric filaments. Fig. 1. Lragora Curyneana,—the natural size. 2. Some of the avile and the peripheric filaments. 38. One of the peripherie filaments, bearing anthe- ridia(?). 4. One of the filaments, of which the globular tuft of antheridia(?) consists :—variously magnified. Plase CLE WSs a mae Wy S gz fy Ay) Vincent Brooks, ioyp Ser. RuoposPeRMEA. Fam. Spherococcoidee ? Puate CLXIII. PHACELOCARPUS LABILLARDIERI, 7 4. Grn. Cuar. Frond compressed, distichously pectinate or subterete, quad- rifariously aculeate, formed of three strata surrounding a central arti- culate filament or tube; medul/ary stratum of longitudinal, densely interwoven filaments ; iatermediate of larger, roundish cells; cortical of minute, coloured, vertically seriated cellules. /ruits of both kinds external, pedicellate or sessile. Cystocarps (imperfectly known). e- ceptacles of tetraspores ovoid or globose, containing within nume- rous cavities parietal zonate ¢e¢raspores mixed with simple parane- mata.—PuaceLocarpus (Mndi.), from paxenos, a tuft, or fascis, and KapTros, fruit: the fruit is club-shaped in the typical species. Frons compressa, distiche pectinata, aut teretiuscula et quoquoversum aculeata, triplicit strato tubum articulatum centralem ambiente contexta; strato me- dullari filis longitudinalibus densissime intertextis, intermedio cellulis inajo- ribus rotundatis, corticali cellulis minutis coloratis verticaliter seriatis. Fructus utriusque generis externi, pedicellati v. sessiles. Cystocarpia (via nota). Receptacula tetrasporarum ovoidea v. globosa, in cryptis numerosis, intra peripheriam exsculptis tetrasporas zonatim divisas parietales inter para- nemata nidulantes foventia. Puacetocarpus Ladillardiert ; frond compressed, strongly midribbed, pectinato-pinnate; pinne subulate, flat, twice as long as the breadth of the frond; receptacles ovoid, pedicellate, axillary. P. Labillardieri ; fronde compressa elevato-costata pectinato-pinnata ; pinnis subu- latis planis latitudine frondis duplo longioribus, receptaculis ovoideis pedicel- latis axillaribus. Puacetocarpus Labillardieri, J. 4g. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 648. Sond. in Linn. v.25. p. 690. Harv. in Hook. fil. N. Zeal. v. 2. p. 242; Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 313. Harv. Alg. Exsic. Austr. n. 304. Eucrenovus Labillardieri, Kitz. Sp. dig. p. 170. Crenopus Labillardieri, Avitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 407. t.48. f. 2. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 4. p. 549. Fucus Labillardieri, Mert. in Turn. Hist. t. 137. Spu#rococcvs Labillardieri, dy. Sp. p. 296; Syst. p. 230. Has. In the Laminarian zone, and at greater depth. Common on the western and southern coasts of Australia, and in ‘Tasmania. Geroar. Distr. Australia. Tasmania. New Zealand. Descr. Root a broad disc. Frond 1-3 feet high or more, 3-1 line in diameter, excessively branched, distichous ; branches alternate or scattered, the smaller ones more or less pinnately compound, long and short intermixed irregu- larly, the smaller ones more equably and closely pinnate or bipinnate. Every portion of the frond, except the denuded parts of old stems and the bases of old branches, is closely pectinated with small, subulate, distichous, flat or compressed, spreading ramuli or cidia, 13-2 lines long, slightly de- current at base. The rachides of the branches are thickened in the middle into a rib, which usually occupies the greater part of the width, leaving a very narrow or obsolete border. The conceptacles (?), as well as the recep- tacles, ave axillary and pedicellate. ‘Che conceptacies, on all the specimens I have seen, are abortive, irregularly formed, and contain no perfect spores ; they are subglobose, depressed on the summit, and often partially bivalve or irregularly gaping. Receptacles of tetraspores are egg-shaped, containing numerous cavities excavated under the surface-coating, and bearing on their walls attached, elongated, clavate or filiform zonate tetraspores, not unlike the strings of spores of a Coralline. Mixed with these are unicellular para- nemata. Colour, when growing, a very dark red, after long immersion or exposure changing to a deep-crimson, and then scarlet and orange. Substance very firm, cartilagineo-corneous, rigid when dry. In drying, the frond does not adhere to paper. RRR rw A well-known and abundant Alga along all the extratropical coasts of Australia, agreeing in ramification and general habit with several others, but readily known from all by its very cu- rious fructification. I have abstained from figuring what are called conceptacles (cystocarys) in this genus, because I am by no means assured that they really are cystocarps, and because I think they may probably be only abortive receptacles, or perhaps antheridia-cups. In the many specimens I have examined I have never found well-developed spores, and very frequently only an amorphous mass of tissue. It may perhaps be questioned whether the receptacles themselves may not be true cystocarps, and the so-called ¢e¢raspores, strings of spores similar to the quaternate spores of Corallina. Were this view admitted, the affinities of Phacelocarpus would be with the Gelidiacee. At present it is quite uncertain to what family this genus should be referred. Fig. 1. PoacrLocarpus LABILLARDIERI; a branch,—the natural size. 2. Small fragment of a branch, in fruit. 3. Cross section of thestem. 4. Small fragment of the periphery of the same. - 5. Longitudinal section through a receptacle, showing many tetraspore-cavities. 6. Ze¢raspores and parane- mata from the same :—variously magnified. ae ss Plate CLA Ser. MELANOSPERMER. Fam. Pucacee. Puate CLXIV. SCABERIA AGARDHIL, Grev. Gen. Cuar. Frond dendroid, irregularly branched, having stem, leaves, and vesicles as distinct organs, but without receptacles. Leaves peltate, fleshy, warted externally, spirally inserted round the stem. Vesicles formed from an inflated leaf, and inserted as the leaves. Scaphidia immersed in the leaves, beneath the periphery of the outer surface, her- maphrodite. Spores obovoid. Antheridia tufted.—Scaperia (Grev.), from scaber, rough: alluding to the roughly-warted leaves and vesicles. Frons dendroidea, vage ramosa, caulem, folia, et vesiculas ut organa discreta ge- rens, receptaculis proprius nullis. Folia peltata, carnosa, externe spinuloso- verrucosa, spirali ordine circa caulem disposita. Vesicule a folio inflato orte, ut folia insertea. Scaphidia foliis immersa, infra superficiem pagine exterioris excavata, hermaphrodita. Spore obovoidee. Antheridia fasciculata. ScaBerta Agardhiv. Scaperia Agardhii, Grev. Syn. p. 36. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 252. Sond. Preiss. Pl. v. 2. p. 159. Harv. in Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm.v. 2. p. 283; Alg. Austr, Exsic. n. 31. CasTRALTIA salicornioides, 4. Rich. N. Zeal. v. 2. p. 143. Has. Below low-water mark, extending to 10-20 fathoms. Common on the western and southern shores of Australia, and in Tasmania. Grocr. Distr. Australia. Tasmania. New Zealand. Descr. Root discoid. Frond several feet long, irregularly or alternately much branched. The lower part of the stem and of the older branches is de- nuded vf leaves, smooth, filiform,.as thick as whipcord, flexuous or wavy. The upper portion, and all the younger branches and their subdivisions, are closely imbricated with small, fleshy, densely-warted leaves. These leaves are affixed to slightly excentrical petioles, spirally inserted round the stem ; they are 2—4 lines in diameter, vertically compressed, smooth on their inner or lower side, and closely covered with short, wart-like processes on the upper. ‘The vesicles are spherical, covered like the leaves with warts, 3-4 lines in diameter, sessile along the sides of branches or ramuli. Spore- cavities are lodged in the ordinary leaves, under the surface; they contain spores and tufted antheridia, and open among the bases of the warts. The colour is a very dark brown, becoming rather darker in drying. The sud- stance is rigid and tough, somewhat wiry in the stem ; brittle when dry. eee This is by much the most singular and characteristic of the Australian Fucoids. In external habit it not a little resembles one of the Gorgonioid corals, but examination at once shows its strict relationship to several Fucoids. In the peltate leaves there is a manifest affinity with Zuwréinarza, and in the fructification with Carpoglossum ; to neither of which genera does Scaberia bear much external resemblance. Among the Algz perhaps that are externally similar none approach nearer than Po/yphacum and Thamnoclonium, both genera of “ Rhodospermee,’ and therefore widely removed in affinity, however similar they may be in de- velopment of the frond, or processes of the surface. This is one of the Algz which appears to be always in fruit ; at least, in the many specimens which have passed through my hands, I have never failed to find spore-cavities, either filled with spores and antheridia, or having just discharged their con- tents. Fig. 1. Scaperta AGarputt,—the natural size. 2. Front view of a peltate leaf. 3. Back view of thesame. 4. Section through the upper surface of a fertile leaf. 5. A spore. 6. Some antheridia,—variously magnified. Ser. RHopospERMEA. Fam. Gelidiacee ? Puate CLXV. NIZYMENIA AUSTRALIS, Sox. Grn. Cuar. Frond horny-membranons, linear, subpinnately compound, composed of three strata; the medullary of densely interwoven, ana- stomosing filaments ; the intermediate of roundish-angular cells ; the cortical of minute, coloured cellules. Fructification: 1, sessile, thick- walled, wrinkled or irregular eystocarps, containing minute, subseriated spores, radiating from a central, basal, fibro-cellular placenta.— Nizy- MENIA (Sond.), unexplained. Frons corneo-membranacea, linearis, pinnatim decomposita, stratis tribus Jere constans ; strato medullari filis tenuibus longitudinalibus intertextis anasto- mosantibus, intermedio cellulis rotundato-angulatis, corticali cellulis minimis coloratis conflato. Fruct.: 1, “cystocarpia in disco frondis sparsa, sessilia, globosa, rugulosa, v. sublobata, demum poro pertusa, gemmidia minuta suban- gulata e placenta centrali basifixd elevatd radiantia.” (Sond.) Nizymentia australis, Sond. NIZYMENIA australis, Sond. in Linn. v. 26. p. 521. Harv. in Hook. fil. #1. Lasm.v. 2. p. 315. ARESCHOUGIA conferta, Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 385, ex parte. Has. Wilson’s Promontory, Dr. Ferd. Mueller. Port Phillip Heads, W.H.H., T. B. Rawlinson. Southport, Tasmania, C. Stuart. Groar. Distr. South coast of Australia. Tasmania. Descr. Root a callus, }—2 inch broad. Fronds solitary or tufted, 6-10 inches high, and as much or more in the expansion of the branches, linear or strap-shaped, 15-2 lines wide, flat, distichous, the primary divisions irregu- lar, the secondary pinnately decompound. Branches subsimple, tapering at base and much constricted at the insertion, 3-6 inches long, irregularly be- set with marginal pinne, which are sometimes crowded together, sometimes distantly inserted. The pinne are generally naked in the lower half, and furnished in the upper with several subopposite, similar but smaller pin- nules ; these latter are either simple, or bear a third series of much smaller pimules. All the divisions taper to the base, and are blunt at the ex- tremity. Cystocarps irregular in outline, scattered on the disc of the smaller segments, very dense in structure, containing a central nucleus formed of filaments that bear minute spores at their extremities (exact structure not clearly ascertained). Colour a bright blood-red, well preserved in drying. Substance rigid, tough, and almost horny when dry. In drying it does not adhere to paper. eee es In the general habit and in the structure of the frond this plant well agrees with most of the Ge/idiacee : but if the cysto- carps above described be normal, and fully developed, they scarcely exhibit the cystocarpic structure proper to that family, and rather indicate an affinity with Rhodymeniacee. 1 have only seen fruit ona small fragment, communicated by my friend Sonder, and none of the cystocarps cut through by me appeared to be fully organized. In its mode of branching, colour, and substance, Mzymenta australis so closely resembles Areschougia conferta, figured in our next Plate, that I formerly took it for a broad variety of that Alga, and distributed specimens of it as such. Fig. 1. NIZYMENIA AUSTRALIS,—the natural size. 2. Part of a small branch, with conceptacles. 3. Vertical section of a conceptacle. 4. Transverse section of the frond:—the latter figures variously maguified. Hy) MBH ELE wats 6) Ss Ser. RuoposrerMEz. Fam. Lhodymeniacee. Piate CLXVI. ARESCHOUGIA CONFERTA, Zarv. Gey. Cuar. Frond compressed or filiform, vaguely branched, composed of an articulated axial filament, and three (rarely but two) strata of cells ; medullary stratum consisting of longitudinal, anastomosing, inter- woven filaments; the intermediate (sometimes absent) of several rows of roundish, coloured cells; the cortical of minute, vertically seriated cellules. Fructification : 1, conceptacles immersed in the frond, very rarely external, suspended among the filaments of the medullary stra- tum, and enclosed in a network of filaments, opening by an external pore, and containing moniliform strings of spores, radiating from a central placenta; spores roundish; 2, zonate ¢e¢raspores, formed on the cortical stratum of the ramuliimArescnouera (/Zarv.), in honour of Dr. J. E. Areschoug, Professor of Botany at Upsal, a distinguished algologist. Frons compressa v. filiformis, vage ramosa, immerse costata, e filo centrali articu- lato et stratis fere tribus cellularum constituta. Stratum medullare e jilis articulatis longitudinalibus anastomosantibus intertextis ; intermedium (nunc deficiens) e cellulis rotundatis majusculis pluriseriatis, corticale e cellulis mi- nimis verticalibus formatum. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia fronde immersa, raris- sime externa, inter fila strati medullaris suspensa, reticulo filorum velata, carpostomio demum aperta, fila sporifera mouniliformia a placenta central emissa continentia ; spore subrotunde ; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise, inter cellulas corticales ramulorum nidulantes. Arrscuoucta conferta ; frond terete at base, compressed and flattened upwards, obscurely midribbed, densely much branched, fastigiate; branches narrow-linear, pinnately decompound, entire ; conceptacles external, marginal, globose. A. conferta ; fronde basi tereti sursum compresso-applanata et subcostata dense ramosissima fastigiata ; ramis anguste linearibus pinnatim decompositis mar- gine integerrimis ; cystocarpiis externis marginalibus globosis. Has. Swan River, Wylne, W. H. H., G. Clifton. South Australia, Dr. Curdie. Warnambool, H. Watts. Groar. Distr. Western and southern coasts of Australia. Descr. Root an expanded callus. Fronds tufted, 4-6 inches high, somewhat flabelliform in outline, fastigiate, much-branched from the base, and very dense. The dranches and their divisions are a line or less in breadth, taper- ing to the base, linear throughout their greater length, and generally blunt at the apex. Except near the base the narrow frond is everywhere flattened ; the upper divisions are more or less perfectly midribbed; the ultimate ra- muli narrower and ribless. The ramification is distichous, and more or less pinnate, the pinne in 3-4 series, all naked at base, and pinnated only in the upper half. The axils are narrow and sharp, and the branches erect. The cystocarps, nearly the size of poppy-seed, are marginal, and formed in abundance on the fertile specimens: they are very convex, nearly spherical, constricted at base. The colowr is a deep blood-red, either preserved or becoming darker in drying; when exposed to the air it brightens, and may become scarlet or orange if the exposure be continued. The substance is very rigid and horny, and in drying the plant does not adhere to paper. This most resembles a dwarf and densely branched state of A. australis (Plate XIII.), but essentially differs, besides other characters, in the eaternal, marginal cystocarps, so distinct in appearance (though not in essential structure) from the zmmersed cystocarps of 4. australis and other species. ‘There is also a striking resemblance im habit to Mizymenia australis (see Plate CLXV.); but the frond im our present plant is never so broad, and is generally more densely branched; and the Mzymenia wants the axile filament which is found in all species of Are- schougia. A cross section of a branch therefore will always enable the student to determine which of these two similar-looking plants he has got hold of. Fig. 1. ArEscHoueta conrerta. 2. Part of a frond in fruit:—both of the natural size. Fig. 8. A branchlet, in fruit. 4. Vertical section of a con- ceptacle. 5. Cross section of the frond :—magnified. Ser. CHLOROSPERMES. Fam. Siphonacee. Puate CLXVII. CAULERPA SONDERI, Meu. Gen. Cuan. Frond consisting of prostrate surculi, rooting from their lower surface, and throwing up erect branches (or secondary fronds) of various shapes. Sudstance horny-membranous, destitute of cal- careous matter. Structure unicellular, the cell continuous, strength- ened internally by a spongy network of anastomosing filaments, and filled with semifluid, grumous matter. Lructification unknown.— CauLerpa (Lamzx.), from cavdos, a stem, and épira, to creep. Frons ex surculis prostratis hic illic radicantibus et ramis erectis polymorphis formata. Substantia corneo-membranacea. Structura unicellulosa, cellule membrana continua hyalina intus filis cartilaginers tenuissimis anastomosanti- bus firmata et endochromate denso viridi repleta. Fr. ignota. 1 . . . . CauLerra Sonderi; surculus robust, densely covered with cylindrical, forked scales; frond erect, scaly, oblong, densely beset on all sides with short, slender branches ; branches pectinato-pinnate ; pimnules very close, alternate, distichous (sometimes irregular), linear-filiform, bimucronulate. C. Sonderi ; surculo erasso squamulis cylindraceis furcatis dense obsesso ; fronde erecta squamosa oblonga quaquaversum densissime ramosa, ramis tenuibus bre- vibus pectinato-pinnatis, pinnulis crebris alternis distichis (nunc vagis) lineari- Jiliformibus bimucronulatis. CauLErpa Sonderi, FP. Mvell. in Linn. 1852, p. 661. Sond. in Linn. v. 26. p. 507. CauLERPA obscura, Sond. in Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 150. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 497. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 337. Cauterpa splendida, Grev. in An. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2.0. 14. p. 127. é. 10. Has. Western Australia, Prezss. Abundant ; Rottnest and Garden Islands, and at King George’s Sound, W. H. H., Geo. Clifton. Lefébre Pen- insula, Dr. Mueller. S. Australia, Dr. Curdie. Port Fairy, Port Phillip Heads, and Western Port, W. H. H. Bass’s Straits, Mr. J. Fi. Cow. Tasmania, &. Gunn. Grocr. Distr. Western and southern shores of Australia. Tasmania. Descr. Surculus 6-12 inches long, 2-3 lines in diameter, emitting many long, much branched roots, and densely clothed on all sides with coarse, rigid, forked or bipartite scales. Similar scales clothe the lower part of the stem, or stipes, and gradually lengthen out into branches upwards. The outline of the frond is narrow-oblong. The dranches are very closely crowded in some, more laxly in other specimens, they are 1-13 inch long, and closely pectinated with distichous, or rarely sub-tetrastichous, alternate, filiform pinnules. The apices of the pinnules are minutely bimucronulate. The colour is dark lurid-green. The substance is soft, flaccid when recent, and the plant, in drying, adheres pretty firmly to paper. eee Authentic specimens of C. obscura, Sond., prove that that species was founded on very small and dense-growing indi- viduals of what Mueller many years subsequently called C. Sonderi ; and, according to the strict rules of priority, I ought to have retained Sonder’s specific name “ odscura’” (used in the sense of “ dark-coloured’’), in preference to the much more mo- dern “ Sounder” of Mueller. Some hundreds of specimens col- lected by me at King George’s Sound, and on other parts of the Australian coast, have enabled me to trace the connection be- tween the two extreme forms which alone were known to Sonder and Mueller ; and as the state described as “ odscura’” very in- adequately answers to the ordinary condition of the species, while that called “ Sonderc”’ comprises all well-grown individuals, I feel at liberty, in uniting the two, to choose the latter name, though the newest. The still newer, though nearly contem- poraneous name, “ splendida,” of Greville, however appropriate, must be considered a synonym. In our fig. 2 the pinnules are represented as more closely set and less decidedly alternate than they very frequently occur ; but different individuals differ greatly in the closeness or distance of the pinnules. Fig. 1. Cauterpea Sonpurti,—the natural size. 2. Upper half of a branch. 3. Apex of one of the pinnules :—the two latter figures variously magnified. ° i i J j fo 8 ey . 7 &, ’ 2 a 4 7) » < i : 7 . ¢ , ’ ® ‘ ‘ 2 i MSeaw x ™, ; = - wr anit 7s T=. SN a ee ee ee Ser. RHODOSPERMEA. Fam. Cerammiacea. Puare CLXVIITI. BALLIA SCOPARIA, Harv. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform, rigid, dendroid; the stem and branches co- vered with a plexus of hair-like, short fibres ; ramuli pellucidly arti- culate, pinnately decompound. ructification : 1, involucrate favelle terminating short pinne, and containing numerous angular spores ; 2, tetraspores borne on the hair-like fibres of the stem and branches. —Batuta (Harv.), in honour of Miss Anne EK. Ball, a distinguished Trish algologist. Frons filiformis, rigida, dendroidea ; caulis ramique pleau filorum brevium quasi hirsute ; ramuli pellucide articulati, pinnatim compositi. Fruct.: 1, favelle involucrate in pinnula abbreviata terminales, sporas numerosas angulatas fo- ventes ; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in filis caulinis evolute. Batxta scoparia; lesser branches and ramuli alternate, very erect, irregu- larly subpimnate ; ramuli scattered or secund, subulate, very acute, often secundly spinigerous toward the extremity ; articulations cylin- drical, about thrice as long as broad. B. scoparia ; ramis minoribus ramulisque alternis adpressis vage subpinnatis, ra- mulis sparsis secundisve subulatis acutissimis apicem versus sepissime secunde spinuligeris ; articulis diametro subtriplo longioribus. Bata scoparia, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic.n. 502. Harv. in Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 333. - CALLITHAMNION scoparium, [Zook. fil.and Harv. in Lond. Journ. v. 4. p. 173; Fl. Ant. v. 2. p. 490. ¢. 189. f..3; Fl. N. Zeal. v. 2. p. 259. Has. Port Fairy, Port Phillip Heads, Western Port, YW. H. H. Wilson’s Promontory, Dr. Mueller. Groer. Distr. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. New Zealand. ‘Tasmania. Descr. Root stupose. ronds densely tufted, 3-8 inches long, flabellately much branched, fastigiate. The stem and primary branches are subdicho- tomous, rope-like, and densely clothed with short, curled, irregularly di- vided, hair-like ramelli, not } line long. The lesser branches (penultimate or plumules) are pellucidly articulate, naked, crowded, or subdistant, 3-1 inch long, very erect, irregularly bipinnate or subtripinnate ; the pinnz and pin- nules are alternate, very erect, subulate, tapering to a fine point, and very often furnished near the extremity with several unilateral subulate spines. The articulations are pretty generally thrice as long as broad. nvolucres sessile on the sides of the lesser branches (plumules), composed of very nu- merous, ineurved, whorled ramuli. No favelle found in the specimens ex- amined. Zetraspores unknown. Colour a very dark brownish-purple, rather deepening in drying. Substance rigid. It scarcely adheres to paper in drying. Naeem The specific name scoparia is given to this species partly be- cause its tufted branches, crowded with straight and rigid ramuli do resemble érooms ; and partly because the whole aspect of the plant, colour alone excepted, is that of Sphacelaria scoparia,—a northern species, much like the Australian S. paniculata. From all other known Ballie this differs in the alternate insertion of the ramuli, and in the very inperfectly pinnate condition of the penultimate branches. The fruit is scarcely known, but so far as known it agrees with that of the other species; and the sub- stance and colour of the frond and the clothing of the main fila- ments are those of Balla callitricha. It is the least beautiful of the genus. Fig. 1. Batira scoparta,—the natural size. 2. A peuultinate branch. 3. Section of the stem, with its stupose fibres. 4. One of the fibres. 5. Ra- muh, with an involucre. 6. Apex of a ramulus. 7. Some of the invo- lucral filaments :—magnified. UrLe Pi ue Ser. MELANOSPERMES. Fam. Fucacee. Prats CLXIX. CYSTOPHORA BROWNII, J. 4. Gun. Cuar. Root scutate. Frond pinnately decompound, dendroid, with a distinct stem, branches, and ramuliform leaves. Vesicles stipitate, simple, rarely absent. Receptacles pod-like, torulose, or moniliform, developed in the ramuli. Scaphidia hermaphrodite. Spores obovoid. —Cystoruora (J. Ag.), from votes, a bladder, and popew, to bear. Radix scutata. Frons pinnatim decomposita, dendroidea, caule proprio, ramis foliisque ramuliformibus donata. Vesicule stipitate, simplices, raro nulla. Receptacula siliqueformia, torulosa v. nodulosa, apice ramulorum evoluta. Scaphidia hermaphrodita. CystopHora Brownii ; stem flat, decompound pinnate; pinne issuing from the flat side of the stem, bent down at their insertion ; pinnules dichotomo-pinnate, the ultimate ramuli formed into minute, ovato- lanceolate, torulose receptacles ; vesicles few, obovoid-spherical. C. Brownii; caule plano decomposito-pinnato ; pinnis a latere plano caulis egredientibus retrofractis ; pinnulis dichotomo-pinnatis, ultimis in receptacula ovato-lanceolata torulosa abeuntibus ; vesiculis raris obovoideo-sphericis. CystopHora Brownii, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v.1. p. 241. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 3. CystosE1ra Brownii, 4g. Sp. Aly. p. 73; Syst. p.288. Bory, Voy. Cog. n. 33. Sond. in Lehm. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 159. Fucus Brownii, Zurn. Hist. Fuc. t. 197. Has. Shores of Western Australia, Wenzies!, Brown, Preiss !, Myine! King George’s Sound, WV”. H. H. Groar. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root ? Stem 3-5 feet long, 2-3 lines wide, strongly compressed, or flattened, slightly flexuous from node to node, alternately branched ; the branches similarly compressed, and several times compounded in an alter- nately pinnate manner. The branches are about an inch apart, and are ~ 6-12 inches long or more, issuing from the flattened sides of the stem, and strongly retrofracted at their insertion. All the minor divisions issue in like manner, and are similarly retrofracted. The primary pinnules of the pinnated branches are 2-3 lines apart, strongly compressed, their edges (in the vertical plane) setaceous, their flat sides (horizontal) 3 line wide : their lesser divisions are subdichotomous, with very wide axils, 1—2 lines apart. The lower portion of each pixna, or primary branch, is generally denuded, and alternately armed with the rigid, deflexed bases of old pinnules, set one above the other like steps on a ladder. Vesicles very few, often absent, and rarely more than one on the same branch, 2-21 lines in diameter, pointless, between spherical and ovoid. Receptacles very minute, 1-2 lines long, toru- lose, with 2-3 joints. Colour a very dark brown. Substance coriaceous when fresh, rather brittle when dry. RRR RRR This, which is one of the handsomest species of Cystophora, appears to be confined to the western and south-western coasts of the continent. The only specimens gathered by me were found cast ashore on the narrow neck of land that forms the south-eastern enclosure of Princess Royal Harbour, King George's Sound; nor has Dr. Mueller sent it in any of his earlier collec- tions, made to the westward of Cape Northumberland. It may readily be known from all others by the minutely divided, slen- der ramuli, and the very small receptacles. The vesicles are very frequently absent, and often not more than one or two occur on a large fragment of frond. a Fig, 1. CysropHora Brownitr; part of a frond,—the natural size. 2. Fertile apex of a pinnule, with receptacles. 3. Section through a receptacle. 4, A spore. 5. Antheridia :—ad/ magnified. a ae WSS YY SS SSS SSS SSW SSSsws NE Vincent Brooks, Imp. f Ser. RHoDOSPERMES. Fam. Spherococcoidlec. Puate CLXX. DELESSERIA REVOLUTA, Zarv. Gen. Cuar. Frond leaf-like, membranous, arcolated, symmetrical, simple or branched, midribbed. Fructification : 1, hemispherical concep- tacles, sessile on the midrib or on a lateral nerve, containing a tuft of moniliform spore-threads on a basal placenta; 2, tripartite ¢e¢raspores, in definite sori or spots, on the frond or on accessory leaflets.— Detesserta (4y.), in honour of Baron Delessert, a distinguished patron of botany. Frons foliacea, membranacea, areolata, symmetrica, simplex v. ramosa, costata. Fruct.: 1, coccidia in costa venisque frondis sessilia, hemispherica, fila spori- Sera moniliformia a placenta basali emissa foventia ; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in soros definitos collecte. Detesseria revoluta ; frond dichotomous, formed of a string of small, strongly ribbed, epiphyllous leaflets, with revolute apices ; leaflets ovato-lanceclate, serrate, wavy, delicately membranous, pale-red, once and a half to twice as long as their breadth; sori unknown. D. revoluta; frozde dichotoma e foliolis parvis costatis seriatim epiphyllis apice revolutis formata ; foliolis ovato-lanceolatis serratis undulatis tenui-membra- nacers latitudine sesqui- v. subduplo-lonyioribus ; soris ? DELESSERIA revoluta, Harv. in Trans. R. 1. Acad. v. 22. p. 548; Alg. Austr. Lxsic. n. 279. Has. Parasitical on Algee. King George’s Sound, and Rottnest Island, W.H.H. Fremantle, G. Clifton. Grocer. Distr. West and south-west coasts of Australia. Descr. Roof a minute disc. Full-grown frond 4-5 inches long, dichotomously branched, with a strong midrib, 2-24 lines wide, divided into short, joint- like internodes, something after the manner of an epiphyllous Cactus. This frond is formed by a series of small leaflets, growing one from another, each from ¢ to inch long, strongly ribbed, sharply serrated, and revolute at the point. The new leaflet successively springs from the midrib of the previous one, on the dorsal surface, at about 4 of the length of the leaflet below its apex; sometimes one, sometimes two spring from the same point. The structure is delicate and thin, but the cells of which it is composed are small, ranged in lines obliquely from the midrib to the margin. The fruit has not yet been observed. The colour is a pale rose-red, soon discharged in fresh- water. The substance is soft and membranous, and in drying the frond adheres closely to paper. eee No fructification has yet been noticed on this plant, and con- sequently its genus may be considered uncertain ; but the struc- ture of the membrane, as well as the epiphyllous development, point to that section of the genus Delesseria of which D. hypo- glossum is the type.. D. revoluta is chiefly remarkable for the extreme shortness, in proportion to breadth of the leaflets of which the branches are composed, and for the remarkable recur- vatare of the points of all the leaflets above the insertion of each epiphyllum. ‘To a casual examiner the branch looks as if com- posed of successive constrictions merely, not of separate leaflets. It is seemingly an annual species, and not very uncommon, though hitherto only noticed in Western Australia. Fig. 1. DELESSERIA REVOLUTA,—the natural size, 2. Some of the epiphyllous leaflets, forming the extremities of the frond. 3. Apex of a leaflet :—both magnified. | * é , 2 & & As a es — ‘ a ad id a ~ eet at a eee -_ a ~ a. Po Plate CLXM. Ser. RHODOSPERMES. Fam. Rhodomelacea. Pirate CLXXI. LEVEILLEA SCHIMPERI, Dene. Gen. Cuar. Stem filiform, areolated, branched; branches distichously pinnate, circinate at the apex. Prune alternate, leaf-like, very en- tire, transversely zoned, with hexagonal cells. Mructification : 1, cera- midia ...; 2, hooked or circinately involute, sessile, supra-axillary stichidia, containing large, triangularly-parted tetraspores, in a single row.—LeverILiea (Dene.),in honour of H. J. Léveillé, a distinguished French cryptogamic botanist, and writer on Fungi. Caulis filiformis, areolatus, ramosus, ramis distiche pinnatis apice circinatim involutis. Pinne alterna, foliacee, integerrime, transversim zonate, cellulis hexagonis. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ...; 2, stichidia supra-axillaria, sessilia, hamata, v. circinata, tetrasporas magnas triangule partitas singula serie evo- lutas foventia. Luvetnira Schimperi ; pine broadly ovate, subimbricate, acute or mucro- nulate (sometimes penicillate at the apex), very entire. L. Schimperi; pinnis latissime ovatis subimbricatis acutis v. mucronulatis non- nunguam apice penicillatis, integerrimis. Leverntea Schimperi, Dene. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1839, p. 375. Dene. in Archiv Mus. v. 2.p. 161. t. 6.f..4. Endl. 8rd Suppl. p. 48. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 882. AMANSIA jungermannioides, Mert. et Her. in Flora, 1836, p. 485, cum icone. PoLYZONIA jungermannioides, J. 4g. Linn. v. 15. p. 25. Has. Parasitical on Mucoidee. Common at Fremantle, Western Aus- tralia, W. H. H., G. Clifton. Gzoer. Distr. Western Australia. Red Sea. Ceylon and Singapore ? Descr. Frond originating in a prostrate filament (swculus), creeping by means of small discs emitted at intervals along its lower surface. The apex of this filament is prolonged into a free stem or primary frond, which is sparingly branched, and everywhere distichously pinnated with leaf-like pinne from 4 to 4, or nearly 1 line in length and breadth. Pinnz broadly ovate or subrotund, or occasionally oblong, slightly overlapping at the edges, rather obliquely inserted on the branch, when young tipped with one or two ex- current cells, which sometimes are prolonged into penicillate filaments ; they are traversed by a medial line or incipient midrib, and areolated with oblong, hexagonal cells. The young ends of the branches, with the undeveloped pinnz, are spirally irolled. Stichidia issuing from the upper edge of the pinne, above the axil, sessile, strongly hooked or spirally in- rolled, containing four or five large tetraspores in a single row. Ceramidia unknown to me. Colour a dull dark-purple. Substance soft and mem- branous. In drying the frond closely adheres to paper. A very beautiful little plant, with a habit completely re- sembling that of a Jungermannia of the section Plagiochila. Decaisne describes two other West Australian species, which either I have not seen, or have confounded with what is here figured, and which I regard as identical with Schimper’s speci- mens from the Red Sea. In W. Australia, where L. Schimperi is very common on several of the Sargassa, it varies considerably in size and in degree of ramification, and less so in the order of branching and shape of the leaflets or pmnz. Still, only one species seems present. Nor can I well distinguish Decaisne’s L. gracilis of Ceylon, where I have gathered specimens in equal plenty, from some of the more slender specimens of Western Australia. On the whole I am imclined to unite the Z. gra- cilis, L. pectinata, and L. comosa of Dene., to the L. Schimperi, of which they may be varying forms, or imperfectly developed fronds. L. ciliata, by its ciliated pinne, is perhaps more dis- tinguishable. The genus Leveil/ea is nearly related to Polyzonia, but sufhi- ciently different in habit and character. Fig. 1. Levertuea Scutmpert,—the natural size. 2. Part of the frond,— enlarged. 3. A Jeaf-like piuna and supra-axillary stichidium. 4. A tetra- spore. 5. Apex of a young pmnule. 6. One of the discs or holdfasts of the creeping stem :—magnified. Bay moa ay Plate CLXXI. Ser. CHLOROSPERMES. Fam. Siphonacee. Puate CLXXII. CAULERPA PARVIFOLIA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond consisting of prostrate surculi, rooting from their lower surface, and throwing up erect branches (or secondary fronds) of various shapes. Swbstance horny-membranous, destitute of cal- careous matter. Séructure unicellular, the cell continuous, strength- ened internally by a spongy network of anastomosing filaments, and filled with semifluid, grumous matter. Fructification unknown.— Cauterpa (Lamz.), from xavnos, a stem, and épira, to creep. Frons ex surculis prostratis hic illic radicantibus et ramis erectis polymorphis formata. Substantia corneo-membranacea. Structura unicellulosa, cellule membrana continua hyalina intus filis cartilagineis tenuissimis anastomosanti- bus firmata et endochromate denso viridi repleta. Fr. ignota. CavLEerPa parvifolia ; surculus setaceous, glabrous; fronds erect, simple or forked, linear-strapshaped, very entire, obtuse or emarginate, ta- pering at base into a very short stipes, obsoletely costate. C. parvifolia ; sureulo setaceo glabro; frondibus erectis simplicibus furcatisve brevissime stipitatis lineari-ligulatis integerrimis obtusis v. subemarginatis ob- soletissime costatis. CauLerpa parvifolia, Harv. dig. Austr. Eusic. n. 548. Has. Kiama, New South Wales, in crevices of tidal rocks, W. H. H. Groar. Distr. Hast coast of Australia. Descr. Surculus 2-4 inches long, scarcely as thick as hog’s-bristle, glabrous, emitting a few slender, slightly branched rootlets. ronds one or two inches long, 1-14 line wide, quite flat, glabrous, perfectly entire, linear, blunt, raised on a minute stipes, which is rarely more than one or two lines long, either quite simple or once forked, occasionally proliferous from the summit. A faint medial line, simulating a nerve, is more or less visible, especially in the dried specimens. ‘The colour is a dark sap-green, with a yellowish tinge towards the extremities. The substance is membranous and glossy, and tolerably soft, and in drying the frond adheres to paper. eee One of the smallest species of the extensive genus Cawlerpa, allied on the one hand to C. prolifera, and on the other to C. anceps, an unpublished species, from the Friendly Islands. The membrane in C. parvifolia is much thinner and more delicate than in either of these; the fronds are more linear and very much smaller than in C. prolifera, and they are much less divided than in C. anceps. C. brachypus, from Japan, has broader, shorter, and thicker, nearly sessile fronds, and a much stouter surculus, with longer roots, ete. Fig. 1. CAULERPA PARVIFOLIA,—the natural size. 2. A frond,—magnified. 7 Ss, = Vineent Brucks, imp. Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Rhodomelacee. Prats CLXXIITT. DASYA FEREDAYA, JZarv. Gun. Cuan. Frond filiform or compressed, dendroid; stem and branches coated with small, polygonal cells (rarely articulated, and many-tubed) ; the axis articulate, composed of several radiating cells surrounding a central cavity; ramelli articulated, one-tubed. Vructification: 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia; 2, lanceolate stichidia, attached to the ramelli, and containing triangularly-parted tetraspores in transverse rows.—Dasya (4g.), from dacvs, hairy. Frons _filiformis v. compressa, dendroidea. Caulis ramique majores strato cel- lularum corticati (raro pellucide articulati), ramellis monosiphoniis obsessi ; axis articulatus, ex cellulis plxribus radiantibus tubum centralem cingentibus formatus. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata v. urceolata ; 2, stichidia lanceolata, ex ramellis enata, tetrasporas transversim ordinatas foventia. Dasya Feredaye ; stem very long, glabrous, opaque, cartilaginous, decom- poundly much branched; lateral branches virgate, slender, directed towards all sides, repeatedly divided alternately; smaller branches either virgate or divided, attenuated, ramelliferous ; ramelli rosy, mo- nosiphonous, patent or squarrose, crowded at the apices, dichotomo- roultifid, with patent axils and attenuated apices; articulations of the ramelli 4—6 times as long as broad; stichidia linear, suddenly acumi- nate; ceramidia unknown. D. Feredayze; caule elato glabro opaco cartilagineo decomposite ramosissimo ; ramis lateralibus virgatis gracilibus quaquaversis iterum et iterum alterne divisis, minoribus nunc virgatis simplicibus nunc ramosis attenuatis ramellife- ris ; ramellis roseis monosiphoniis undique insertis patentibus v. squarrosis ad apices densioribus dichotomo-multifidis axillis patentibus apice attenuutis, ar- ticulis ramellorum diametro 4—6-plo longioribus ; stichidiis linearibus apice cuspidatis ; ceramidiis ? Dasya Feredaye, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 220. Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 303. Has. Georgetown, Tasmania, Mis. Mereday, W. H. H., Gunn, ete. Groer. Distr. Tasmania. Descr. Root a small disc. Stem one, two, or more feet long, a line in diameter below, attenuated upwards, simple or forked or decompound, glabrous and quite opaque, set throughout with Jateral branches. Lateral (primary) branches 10-12 inches long, opaque like the stem, tapering to the base, and very slender at their insertion, attenuated to the point, repeatedly divided alternately. Ultimate dranchlets scattered, not pinnately arranged, 3-15 inch long, setaceous, ramelliferous. amelli inserted on all sides, 1-1} lines long, rosy, patent or squarrose, dichotomous, taper-pointed, their articula- tions 4—6 times longer than broad, cylindrical. Stcchidia linear, acuminate, many times longer than broad, borne by the ramelli. Ceramidia unknown. Colour of the stem and branches a dull red or red-brown; of the ramelli rosy. Substance rather firm, not soon decomposing in fresh-water, and not in the least gelatinous. In drying the frond adheres firmly to paper. This species is named in compliment to Mrs. Fereday, of Georgetown, in whose collection I first saw some fine specimens. Subsequently I collected it in considerable plenty in the Tamar, above Georgetown, where it is occasionally drifted ashore in large quantity. | It is most allied, perhaps, to D. villosa, some forms of which it somewhat resembles, but is of much firmer and less gelatinous texture, bears exposure to fresh-water for a much longer period ; has shorter and less attenuated ramelli, and is more decom- poundly branched. Fig. 1. Dasya Ferepay#®,—the natural size. 2. Section of the stem. 3. Ra- mulus. 4. Ramellus, with stichidia. 5. A stichidium. 6. A tetraspore: —variously magnified. Ser. RHopOSPERMES. Fam. Rhodomelacee. Puate CLXXIV. DASYA WRANGELIOIDES, Zarv. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform or compressed, dendroid ; stem and branches coated with small, polygonal cells (rarely articulated, and many-tubed); the axis articulate, composed of several radiating cells surrounding a central cavity ; ramelli articulated, one-tubed. /ructification : 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia ; 2, lanceolate stichidia, attached to the ramelli, and containing triangularly-parted tetraspores in transverse rows.— Dasya (4g.), from dacus, hairy. Frons filiformis v. compressa, dendroidea. Caulis ramique majores strato cel- lularum corticatt (raro pellucide articulati), ramellis monosiphoniis obsessi ; axis articulatus, ex cellulis pluribus radiantibus tubum centralem cingentibus JSormatus. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata v. urceolata ; 2, stichidia lanceolata, ex_ramellis enata, tetrasporas transversim ordinatas foventia. Dasya Wrangelioides; stem slender (2-4-uncial), pellucidly articulate, 10-12-tubed, distichously branched, closely set throughout with minute, distichous, ramelliferous ramuli; branches few, patent, in- curved, subsimple; ramelli repeatedly dichotomous, acute, their arti- culations once and a half as long as broad ; ceramidia globoso-urceo- late, with a very long neck ; stichidia very minute, oblong-lanceolate, acute. D. Wrangelioides ; cawli gracili (2—-4-unciali) pellucide articulato 10-12-sipho- nio distiche ramoso ramulis perbrevibus ramelliferis distichis obsesso ; ramis paucis patentibus incurvis simpliciusculis; ramellis multoties divaricato-di- chotomis acutis eorum articulis diametro sesquilongioribus ; ceramidiis glo- boso-urceolatis, ore longissimo cylindraceo ; stichidiis minutissimis oblongo-lan- ceolatis acutis. Dasya Wrangelioides, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 542; Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 207. Has. Fremantle, King George’s Sound and Cape Riche, VW. H. H. Fre- mantle, G. Clifton. Western Port, Victoria, W. H. H. Grocr. Distr. West and south coasts of Australia. Descr. Stems numerous, tufted, rising from decumbent, creeping filaments, 2-4 inches long, setaceous, furnished with a few, irregularly alternate or se- cund, simple, patent, incurved branches; all parts of the stem and branches pellucidly articulated. Stem and branches set throughout, at distances of half a line or less, with distichous, very minute, ramelliferous ramuli. Ra- mult not a line long, clothed with multifid, squarrose, monosiphonous ra- melli of about their own length. Ceramidia borne by the ramuli, globose, with a long, protruding, cylindrical neck and crenulate aperture, areolated, containing a dense tuft of much-branched, dichotomous sporethreads, whose terminal ramifications are formed into strings of oblong or oval spores. Stichidia very minute, on the ramelli, varying from ovate-acute to oblong- lanceolate, seldom containing more than 2-4 tetraspores. Colour a deep crimson-red, either preserved in drying or changing to dull red-brown. Substance membranous, not gelatinous. In drying the frond adheres, but not very firmly, to paper. A well-marked species, whose specific name alludes to an ex- ternal resemblance borne to Wrangelia velutina, a plant widely differing in fructification and microscopic structure. The structure of the nuclear contents is different from what is usual in Dasya, where we generally find simple or subsimple sporethreads bearing terminal pyriform spores. Much-branched sporethreads indeed occur in D. Muelleri and some others; but in those cases the spores are solitary on each branch, and pyri- form. A nearer structure to that of the present species is met with in D. Hafie; but still the agreement is not perfect: nor have I noticed truly moniliform strings of spores in any other species. Fig. 1. Dasya WrANGELIOIDES,—¢he natural size. 2. Fragment of a branch, with ramuli. 3. Cross section of a branch. 4. A ceramidium, 5. A spore- thread from the same. 6. Seriated spores, 7. A ramellus, bearing s¢ichi- dia :—vyariously magnified. pk ’ ; . air Ser. MELANOSPERMES. Fam. Fucacee. Puate CLXXV. CYSTOPHORA UVIFERA, J. 4. Grn. Cuar. oot scutate. Frond pinnately decompound, dendroid, with a distinct stem, branches, and ramuliform leaves. Vesicles stipitate, simple, rarely absent. Receptacles pod-like, torulose or moniliform, developed in the ramuli. Scaphidia hermaphrodite. Spores obovoid, —Cysrornora (J. Ay.), from xvortis, a bladder, and gopew, to bear. Radix scutata. Frons pinnatim decomposita, dendroidea, caule proprio, ramis foliisque ramuliformibus donata. Vesicule stipitate, simplices, raro nulle. Receptacula siliqueformia, torulosa v. nodulosa, apice ramulorum evoluta. Scaphidia hermaphrodita. CystorHora wvifera; stem terete, undivided; branches issuing from all sides, pinnately ramulose ; ramuli filiform, simple or forked, the ulti- mate changing into cylindrical receptacles ; vesicles spherical, point- less, issuing from the stem, and occasionally from the larger branches. C. uvifera; caule tereti indiviso ; ramis undique egredientibus pinnatim ramulo- sis; ramulis filiformibus simplicibus v. furcatis, ultimis in receptacula cylin- dracea abeuntibus; vesiculis sphericis muticis e caule vel raro ramis majoribus egredientibus. CystopHora uvifera, J. 4g. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 246. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n.13. Harv. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 284. BLOSSEVILLEA uvifera, Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. v. 6. p. 414. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 680. SarGassumM uviferum, 4g. Syst. p. 306. Sond. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 165. Has. Western Australia, Prezss. Coast of Victoria, Dr. Mueller, W. H. H., etc. Tasmania, Gunn, W.H. H., etc. Grocer. Distr. West and south coasts of New Holland. Tasmania. Descr. Root branching. Stem 1-3 feet high, half a line to a line in diameter, cylindrical, quite simple, naked and rough with the remains of broken branches for 4—6 inches above the base, thence upward closely set through- out with alternate lateral branches ; the whole frond having an ovate-oblong outline. The dranches issue from all sides of the stem; usually they are 3—5 inches long, and destitute of vesicles, somewhat pinnated throughout with subsimple or slightly compound ramuli; occasionally they are 12-14 inches long, in which case they bear vesicles like the stem, and are more decompound than ordinary branches. Véesic/es globose, 2-4 lines in diame- ter, without point, on short cylindrical petioles rising from the stem (rarely also from the branches), generally abundant. Receptacles formed from the terminal ramuli, cylindrical, 3-1 inch long. Colour a dark-olive. Substance coriaceous, flexible. A common species on the southern coast, and. in ‘Tasmania, most allied to Cyst. botryocystis (Plate LVI.), which is a much more branching plant, and to Cyst. cephalornithos (Plate CX VL), which is always known by its differently shaped and pointed air- vessels. : Fig. 1. CystopHora UVIFERA,—the natural size. 2. Receptacles. 3. Cross- section of a receptacle. 4. A spore. 5. Tuft of antheridia. 6. An an- theridium :—variously magnified. + aA oe ia as A RH . . a, hen. Aa we a. > ee eer. Jerse 5 neent Brook Ser. MELANOSPERMES. | Fam. Dietyotea. Puate CLXXX. HALISERIS MUELLERI, Song. Gun. Cuar. Root coated with woolly hairs. Frond flat, linear, dichotomous, membranaceous, midribbed. Fructification : spores collected in naked sort, disposed in lines at each side of the midrib, and rising from both surfaces of the frond. Paranemata separate from the sporiferous sori, articulate, club-shaped.— Hatiserts (Zarg.), from ars, the sea, and oepis, endive. Radix stuposa. Frons plana, linearis, dichotoma, membranacea, costata. Fruct., spore in soros nudos collect, in utraque pagina frondis sessiles. Paranemata in soris propris evoluta, articulata, clavata. Hattseris JJuelleri ; stipes elongate, terete; frond dichotomous, with rounded axils ; segments spreading, coriaceo-membranaceous, broadly linear, very entire, repeatedly forked ; membrane nerveless ; sori very large, forming a continuous cloud- like patch, covering the whole sur- face. H. Muelieri; stipite longiusculo terete stuposo; fronde dichotoma, sinubus rotun- datis, laciniis patentibus coriaceo-membranaceis lato-linearibus integerrimis repetite furcatis ; lamina enervi ; soris maximis paginam fere totam frondis oc- cupantibus. Hatiseris Muelleri, Sond. in Linn. v. 25. p. 665. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. nm. 87. Hl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 290. HatiseEris polypodioides, Harv. in Lond. Journ. v. 6. p. 415 (evel. syn.). Has. Fremantle, King George’s Sound, and Cape Riche, Western Aus- tralia, W. H. H. Coasts of southern Australia and Victoria, Dr. Mueller, W. H. H., etc. Port Jackson, New South Wales, W. H. #. Tasmania, R. Gunn, etc. Gzoer. Distr. Very common on the western and southern coasts of New Hol- land and in Tasmania. Mare on the east coast. Descr. Root conical, densely coated with entangled woolly fibres. Stipes vari- able in length, in old fronds 2-3 inches long, simple or branched, covered with woolly hairs, which also clothe the midrib in the lower half of the frond. Frond 6 to 18 or 24 inches long, very much divided, either regularly dicho- tomous ; or partly dichotomous, partly alternately branched by a suppression of one of the forks, all the divisions patent, sometimes divaricate, with wide sinuses between the lobes. The segments are an inch or somewhat less in breadth, linear, flat, and quite entire at the edge, simple or forked, long or short, either very blunt or subacute. The midrid is strongly marked throughout, but there are no lateral veins or veinlets. The sori (of anthe- ridia ?) form very large, continuous, cloud-like patches, 2-4 inches long, covering the whole lamina, at both sides of the midrib, often for half the length of the lobe. The membrane is of a thickish, half-coriaceous substance, not very readily tearing, and is everywhere dotted with muciferous spores. The colour is a full olive or olivaceous-brown, pretty well preserved in dry- ing ; in which state the frond imperfectly adheres to paper. In several respects this species resembles the European JZ. poly- podioides, with which I formerly confounded the first imperfect specimens sent from Australia, many years ago, by Mr. Gunn. But it has a much more firmly membranous and almost cori- aceous lamina, not often tearing into shreds, as is the habit of the European; and when in fructification the two cannot be mistaken. It has been named in compliment to Dr. Mueller, who first sent to Hurope fruiting specimens. The young plant differs considerably in aspect from the mature, having shorter and broader and much blunter laciniz, and being of a paler colour. Specimens from tide-pools are often much stunted ; those from deep water much taller, but sometimes very narrow. Fig. 1. Hauiseris MuELLeri,—the notural size. 2. A section through the frond. 3. Part of the surface, with a portion of the sorws :—magnified. ces | u A Ale Cn a j Aveta R ra) a ? Lainey ne i vias Ail 7 Li, ay ry wis - a rH an { ne Th : % : aif, A pry it D hh, en Hoth as Be aie f Sai shy eit) Seen — sede AM oi 3 nas x Seve ws < ea VS Sn <= welos