OTe, ne iA <5 ete = eae = Sree a5 = a. Se TSS ™ eoces = Saar = ie raha > SIRES Soccernet = me. atest savers ee i aoe a Se as on = mn oe eee 2 ta Npeet= lsat oe SRE ’ iy eh meh ae : if i ve ry By ai} bis hae ly De an" hi Pay pia i y AD ech Vy Milos eh / va a f am iia i ; Mi ae A ine . Lie lis | arte me one vk aes ‘a eee a ye Weert | i mrt Lv cu ' ry My Ae a ee 7 7 oe le ty ee { wt J , r PHYCOLOGIA AUSTRALICA; OR, A History of Australian Seatveeds ; COMPRISING COLOURED FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE MORE CHARACTERISTIC MARINE ALGH OF NEW SOUTH WALES, VICTORIA, TASMANIA, . SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AND WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AND A SYNOPSIS OF ALL KNOWN AUSTRALIAN ALGA. VOL: V:; CONTAINING PLATES CCXLI.-CCC. BY WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY, M.D., F.R:S., MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, FELLOW OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, COR. MEM. OF THE ROYAL ACADEMIES OF UPSAL AND MUNICH; OF THE IMP. ACAD. LEOP, CHSAR. NAT. CURIOSORUM; HON, MEM. OF THE LYCEUM OF NAT. HIST., NEW YORK, ETC. ETC. ETC., AND PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN, LONDON: L. REEVE & CO., HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1863. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS. TO RONALD CAMPBELL GUNN, ESQ., F.RB.S., F.LS., OF LAUNCESTON, TASMANIA, WHO, WITH HIS ACCUSTOMED LIBERALITY, PLACED AT THE AUTHOR'S DISPOSAL THE WHOLE OF HIS RICH COLLECTIONS OF TASMANIAN ALGZ, This concluding Volume of the ‘{hucologia Australica ’ IS GRATEFULLY AND RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY HIS FRIEND Wi. EO HARVEY. Trin. Cort. Dvsuin, Sept. 1 1863. PREFACE TO VOL. V. In closing the ‘ Phycologia Australica,’ after a monthly issue, commencing March 1858, and only recently partially interrupted, it becomes my duty publicly to return my acknowledgments to the friends and friendly correspondents who have assisted me throughout, either with specimens or in other ways. Already, in the dedication of the several volumes, I have endeavoured partially to express towards five of my most strenuous sup- porters the grateful feelings with which I have received their aid. But I still feel towards them, as if the debt of gratitude which is their due had been but imperfectly discharged. I wish therefore again, in few words, to recapitulate. To George Clifton, Esq., R.N., of Fremantle, Western Australia, whose name occurs so frequently throughout the volumes and in the Synopsis, I am indebted for some thousands of beautifully preserved specimens, in- cluding many species collected by no one else. His contributions com- menced in 1854, whilst I was resident in Western Australia, and have been regularly continued, at short intervals, up to the present time. Three new genera, Cliftonea, Bindera, and Encyothaha, besides many new species, prove the zeal and success with which Mr. Clifton has conducted his re- searches. Dr. Ferdinand Mueller, F.R.S., etc., of Melbourne, who never loses an opportunity of advancing the Natural History of Australia, has for many years diligently collected its Algee; and with great liberality has placed his gatherings at my disposal, and forwarded to me, from time to time, many important packets of Alge. To him botanists are indebted for most of what is yet known of the marine plants of North-Hast Australia, and Phycology owes to his researches the genera Nizymenia, Erythroclonium, and Brachycladia, besides many species. Some of Dr. Mueller’s earlier collections, described by Sonder, in vols. 25 and 26 of the ‘ Linneea,’ have not come into my hands, and several of the species named by Sonder re- main unknown to me. Ronald C. Gunn, Esq., F.R.S., whose name is indelibly associated with the botany of Tasmania, has largely assisted me im this work. From him vl PREFACE TO VOL. V. came the earliest collections of Australian Algee which, through the kind- ness of Sir W. J. Hooker, fell under my notice; many new species are of his discovery; to him is also due the re-discovery of Claudea elegans ; and to him [ am not only indebted for the freest use of his personal col- lections, but for multitudes of duplicate specimens. During my residence at Georgetown, Tasmania, the Rev. J. Fereday rendered me the most efficient aid in prosecuting my researches. His boat and his strong arm were almost daily at my service, and many thousands of specimens were collected under his auspices. He knew all the best localities on the ‘Tamar, and was continually my guide to them. Without his able guidance and active assistance, my visit to Georgetown would have proved comparatively unfruitful, instead of yielding me a rich harvest of specimens. ‘lo Mrs. Fereday I am indebted for many beauti- fully preserved specimens, and for aid in “laying out” and drying the tubs-full of delicate Algee which we almost daily brought home. And now I must, in more general terms, return thanks to other cor- respondents and contributors. ‘To Henry Watts, Esq., Warnamboul; to S. Hannaford, Hsq., Geelong; to Mrs. Barker, Cape Shank; to William Archer, Hsq., Cheshunt; to Dr. Curdie, Geelong, and to — Raw- linson, Esq., Melbourne (through Dr. Mueller), I am indebted for many choice specimens. And lastly, though not least, | have to express my warm thanks to my friends George Bennett, Esq., M.D., Sydney; to Charles Moore, Hsq., of Sydney Botanic Gardens; and to Dr. Mueller, Melbourne, for their very active and kind exertions in making known this work in Australia, and in procuring subscribers to it. I speak not now particularly of personal attentions rendered to me during my sojourn in the Colonies, further than this, that I landed in Australia a stranger, and left its hospitable shores, after about a twelve- month of maritime excursions, having made many friends, and taking away with me very pleasant memories of its society. W. Hae Trinity College, Dublin, September 1, 1863. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. V. Acanthococcus. pusilins, Harve oe: see. Acetabularia. calyculus, Quoy ef Gain. . Acropeltis. phyllophora, Harv. Aglaiophyllum. Gunnianum, Kiitz. Alsidium. comosum, Harv. .... Amansia. semipinnata, Lamx. Amphiroa. sagittata, Dene......... Areschougia. damosa; Parpe a: 2.2". Stuartii, Harv. ...... Blossevillea. paniculata, Dene. ...... retroflexa, Dene. . . Bostry chia. Harveyi, Mont......... Calliblepharis. nitophylloides, Harv... .. 'Pressay?, Warvs 2.3 cise: Callithamnion. formosum, Harv. .. pedicellatum, Harv. .... plumigerum, Harv. .... Catenella. opuntia, Grev. .. Caulerpa. trifaria, Harv. .. 1 2AM Cheilosporum. sagittatum, Avesch. Chondria. Tuan aroma we Cliftonea. Lamourouxii, Harv... .. Cliftonelia. calyculus, Gray....... Corallina. sagittata, Lamx. Corynospora. australis, Haro... ca. Crouania. Agardhiana, Harv. Watts Aare: ins... Cruoria. CUSUPALIS\ Elarvien) see anne Cryptonemia. decipiens, Harv. .... Cystophora. monilifers, J. Agice maya. paniculata.) Agr ey ak ss MONGEr es Agnew enn oe: Oystoseira. paniculata, Ag......... retroflexa, Rich. Dasya. sarcocaulon, Harv. ...... scopulitera, Hare... .5...0-\ tenera, Harv. Delesseria. erispatula, Harv. .... denticulata, Harv....... Sijale 0 Oro Vill Dicranema. ALPHABETICAL pusillumg Harv... 50. <6 D’ Urvilleea. potatorum, Aresch. Erythroclonium. Muelleri, Sond........... Mueliert, THarv.: ..% 2% tes Fucus. hirsutus, Hb. Berk. lucidus, Br. opuntia, Turn. . paniculatus, Tum......... potatorum, Labill.. . retrofexus, Tum. ......--. Galaxaura. Cliftoni, Harv. .... Gelidium. lucidum, Sond. .... Gigartina. disticha, Sond. .... lanceolata, Harv. . . Gloiosaccion. digitatum, Harv. .. Gracilaria. furcellata, Mont. Ramalina, Harv. .... Gymnogongrus. fastigiatus, Harv. .. Halimeda. macroloba, Dene. ........ Helminthocladia. australis, Harv... .. Hymenocladia. Ramalina, Harv. ..... Jania. fastigiata, Harv. Laminaria. potatorum, Lamx.. . Mastophora. canaliculata, /Zarv. Nemalion. USS Mey ELI eee Nemastoma. GENSOs NLOLVe tc ae palmata, Harv..... Nitophyllum. Gunnianunm, Harv. Peyssonnelia. multifida, Harv. e(e 0) sielle Plate 266 300 298 299 293 248 29€ 247 300 245 INDEX TO VOL. V. Phacelocarpus. complanatus, /arv Phyllophora. lucida, Grev...... Plocaria. furcellata, Mont.; ... 3. .- Polyphacum. dichotomum, J. Ag. Polyphysa. Cliftoni, Harv. .. Polysiphonia. MOSHNALA, SOWA. \s.ce- aceon Porphyra. Woolhousiz, Harv. Pterocladia. lucida, J. 4g. Rhabdonia. verticillata, Havv......... Rhodopeltis. australis, a0: see Rhodophyllis, Barkerie, Harv. . blepharicarpa, Harv....... nitophylloides, Harv. Rhodymenia. phyllophora, Harv. Rivularia. OPUNUIO + \np-):s6c ott «eee Rytiphlea. simplicifoha, Harv. ...... Sarcophycus. > lelelia ele) potatorum, Kiitz. .... Sargassum. flaccidum, Sond. Schizymenia. bulbosa: Wares. ea ee Spharococcus. lycidis; NOOO et ee sce ee Spyridia. prolifera, Harv. Stictophyllum. dentatam, Harv. . Thamnoclonium. hirsutum, Avitz..... Wrangelia. Agardhiana, Harv. clavigera, Harv. SYSTEMATIC INDEX TO VOL. V. Ser. 1. Fam. 1. Fucacee. Cystophora monilifera, J. 4g. .. Ser. 2. Fam. 1. Rhodomelee. Cliftonzea Lamourouxil, Harv. . . Rytiphleea simplicifolia, Harv. .. Alsidium comosum, Harv. Chondria rubra, Harv. .. Bostrychia Harveyi, ont. Polysiphonia rostrata, Sond. .... Dasya sarcocaulon, Harv....... Dasya scopulifera, Harv. .. Dasya tenera, Harv........- Fam. 2. Wrangeliacee. Wrangelia clavigera, Harv. . Fam. 3. Corallinacee. Cheilosporum sagittatum, Aresch. Jania fastigiata, Harv. ........ Mastophora canaliculata, Harv... Fam. 4. Spherococcoidee. Delesseria denticulata, Harv. Delesseria crispatula, Harv. .. . Nitophyllum Gunnianum, /arv. Phacelocarpus complanatus, Harv. Gracilaria Ramalina, Harv. .... Gracilaria furcellata, Mont. .. . ———_—>—__-—_—. MELANOSPERME. Plate Cystophora paniculata, J. 4g. .. Cystophora Sonderi, J. 4g. .... 245 | D’Urvilleea potatorum, Aresch.. . RHODOSPERME. Fam. 5. Gelidiacee. 279 | Pterocladia lucida, 4g......... 246 | Acanthococcus pusillus, Harv. .. 270 | Thamnoclonium hirsutum, Kitz. 280 292 Fam. 6. Helminthocladiee. 242 978 | Helminthocladia australis, Harv. 971 | Nemelion insigne, Harv....... 957 | Galaxaura Cliftoni, Harv....... Fam. 7. Squamariee. 287 Peyssonnelia multifida, Harv. .. Rhodopeltis australis, Harv... .. Fam. 8. Rhodymeniacee. 250 Rhodymenia cuneata, Harv... .. 2 5 I Rhodophyllis blepharicarpa, Harv. 263 | Rhodophyllis nitophylloides, Harv. Rhodophyllis Barkeria, Harv. .. Areschougia dumosa, Harv..... O44 Areschougia Stuart, Harv..... 9 68 Rhabdonia verticillata, Harv. .. O41 Erythroclonium Muelleri, Sond... oa Fam. 9. Spyridiacee. 286 | Spyridia prolifera, Harv. .... Plate 247 243 300 248 266 293 274 x SYSTEMATIC INDEX TO VOL. V. Plate Plate Fam. 10. Cryptonemiacee. Catenella opuntia, Grev. ...... 296 Gymnogonerus fastigiatus, Harv. 290 Aes Gigartina disticha, Sond. ...... 297 Ban: ee Gigartina lanceolata, Harv. .... 288 | Crouania Agardhiana, Harv..... 256 Acropeltis phyllophora, Harv. .. 283 | Crouania Wattsii, Harv. ...... 291 Cryptonemia decipiens, Harv. ,. 289 | Corynospora australis, Harv. .. 253 Gloiosaccion digitatum, Harv... 259 | Callithamnion formosum, Harv. 281 Schizymenia bulbosa, Harv... .. 277 | Callithamnion plumigerum, Harv. 285 Nemastoma palmata, Harv. .... 262 | Callithamnion penicillatum, Harv. 273 Ser. 8. CHLOROSPERMEZ. Fam 1. Siphonee. Polyphysa Cliftoni, Harv....... 255 Caulerpa trifaria, Harv. ...... 261 Halimeda macroloba, Due. .... 267 Fam. 3. Ulvacee. Fam. 2. Dasycladee. Porphyra Woolhousie, Harv. .. 265 Acetabularia calyculus, Q. e¢ G. 249 Vincent Bro oks, Imp. Ser. RHopOSPERME. Fam. Spharococcoidee Prate CCXLI. NITOPHYLLUM GUNNIANUM, Zar. Gen. Cuan. /rond membranaceous, expanded, areolate, unsymmetrical, nerveless or irregularly veined. Fruetification : 1, hemispherical con- ceptacles, sessile on the frond, containing a tuft of moniliform spore- threads, on a basal placenta; 2, tripartite ¢e¢raspores, m definite sori or spots, scattered, or confined to some part of the frond.—Nrro- PHYLLUM (Grev.), from niteo, ‘to shine,’ and dvAdov, a leaf. Frons membranacea, expansa, areolata, vage fissa, enervia e basi venulis irre- gularibus peragrata. Fruct.: 1, coccidia frondi sessilia, hemisphaerica, fila sporifera moniliformia a placenta basali emissa foventia; 2, tetraspore trian- gule divise, in soros definitos collecta. Nivopuyittum Guanianum ; stipes short, ribbed with a suddenly vanishing rib, spreading rapidly into a broadly-flabelliform, deeply-cleft, rigidly- membranous, dull-red (when dry turning brownish) frond; segments broadly cuneate, forked or digitate, with the margin minutely eroso- crenulate ; cystocarps scattered over the whole surface ; sori puncti- form, very densely scattered toward the apices of the segments. N. Gunnianum ; séipite brevi-costato, costdé supra stipitem mox evanescente, in frondem latissime flabellatim profunde fissam rigide-membranaceam rubram (siecitate fuscescentem) abeunte ; laciniis late cuneatis furcatis digitatisque, margine minute eroso-crenulato ; eystocarpiis per totam superficiem sparsis ; soris punctiformibus densissime apicen versus sparsis. NiropuyLtium Gunnianum, Harv. in Lond. Journ. v. 6. p. 403. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 120. t. 47. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 663. Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 287. Harv. in Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 312. AGLAOPHYLLUM Gunnianum, Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 868. Has. Port Philip Heads, VW. H. H. Georgetown, Tasmania, 2. Gunn. Groar. Distr. South coast of New Holland. Tasmania. Descr. Root discoid. Stipes very short, 1-3 lines long, cartilaginous, soon ex- panding into the cuneate base of the frond, w hich it enters as an obscure midrib, continued for a short distance within the margin. Frond broadly flabelliform, 6-10 inches long, 8-12 wide, deeply cloven into numerous cuneate segments, which are either bifid or digitate, and variously jagged. These segments are 1-4 inches wide, sometimes nearly entire or merely with a few shallow marginal lobes, but more frequently they are once or twice deeply bifid, the minor divisions being lobed. ‘The axils of the lobes are narrow: the apices blunt; the margin scarcely wavy, but very frequently minutely erose or unequally deuticulate. In old specimens the frond be- comes riddled with roundish holes, after the manner of Kallymenia cribrosa. The conceptacles are about the size of poppy-seed, dark-coloured, and plen- tifully sprinkled over the whole surface of the frond. The sori of tetra- spores are very minute, dot-like, thickly dispersed over the whole surface of the segments, especially the upper ones. ‘The colour, when recent, is a rather dull pinky-red; when dry it becomes brownish-red or brown. ‘The substance, though thin and membranous, is somewhat rigid, long resisting the action of fresh water; and in drying the mature frond adheres but im- perfectly to paper. eet The figure of this plant, given in Ner. Austr. t. 47, though correct in outline, is very falsely coloured, having been copied from a badly-preserved and discoloured specimen, “ restored, ’ or rather caricatured, by the colourer. I therefore gladly avail myself of the present opportunity to give a more faithful repre- sentation of a really fine species. In its broad and little divided fronds, and the rigid substance, it differs from most of the other Australian species; nor has it any very near ally among exotic Nitophylla. Among the Australian it comes next to JV. afine and WV. Curdieanum, both of which have a very different habit. Old specimens are very apt to be perforated, and are some- times completely riddled with round holes. JI am not certain whether these perforations are caused by marine worms, or by natural and unequal decay. Fig. 1. NrropHyttum GunnianuM,—the natural size. 2. Section through a eystocarp and the frond. 5. String of spores from the same. 4. Small portion of the surface and of the erose margin :—magnified. 7 Lh Plate CC. f en Pee a = 2 Ser. RHODOSPERMEA. 1 Fam. Lhodomelacee. Puate CCXLILI. POLYSIPHONIA ROSTRATA, Sond. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform, partially or generally articulate; the joints longitudinally striate, composed of numerous cylindrical cells sur- 5 y ? P rounding a central cell (sometimes coated with one or several rows of smaller cells). Fructification: 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia, con- taining a tuft of pear-shaped spores; 2, fetraspores, immersed in swollen branches.—PotysipHonta (Grev.), from wodvs, many, and otpap, a tube. Frons filiformis, plus minus articulata ; articulis longitudinaliter pluristriatis, ex cellulis 4—20 eylindraceis cellulam centralem cingentibus formatis (nunc cellulis minoribus pluriseriatis corticatis). Fruct.: 1, ceramidia; 2, tetra- spore in ramulis ultimis uniseriate. PotystpHonta rostrata ; frond rising from creeping threads, erect, purple ; branches short, simple or divided, erecto-patent, falcato-incurved ; ramuli secund, filiform, springing from the under side of the branches ; articulations about as long as broad; siphons 12-16; conceptacles ovate, terminating shortened ramuli; tetraspores in the ramuli. P. rostrata; fronde e filis repentibus orta erecta purpurea ; ramis brevibus sim- plicibus v. raro divisis erecto-patentibus falcato-incurvis ; ramulis secundis Jiliformibus acutis deorsum spectantibus ; articulis diametro subequalibus, si- phonibus 12-16; ceramidiis ovatis ramulos abbreviatos terminantibus ; tetra- sporis in ramulis nidulantibus. PoLysipHonta rostrata, Sond. in Bot. Zeit. 1845. p. 53. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 180. Harv. Ner. Austr. p.49. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 196. Has. Parasitical on various a/gz, W. Australia, Precss! Garden Island and Rottnest, W. Australia, I”. H. H., G. Clifton. Geoer. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. This species originates in prostrate threads or surculi, 1-8 inches long, attached by means of small sucker-discs to the alge on which they grow. These primary surculi throw up, along their upper side, numerous secund Jronds, which at length become 1-2 inches high. Fronds capillary, sub- simple, either linear or lanceolate in outline, set throughout with short, simple, erecto-patent, faleato-incurved, alternate branches, each of which is subtended by several scattered, subsecund or spirally-inserted, simple, fili- form ramuli. The dranches are pectinated along their lower (outer) side with similar secund simple ramuli, one of which issues from nearly every node. amuli 1-2 lines long, subacute. Articulations about as long as broad in all parts of the frond, those of the main stem having 12-16 tubes, those of the ramuli generally with fewer tubes. Conceptacles ovate, termi- nating « ramulus, which is generally shortened to about half the length of a barren ramulus. Zetyaspores lodged in the ramuli, towards the base, the fertile portion generally tipped with a beak-like barren point. Colour a dark, rather dull purplish-red. Swdstance not very soft, long bearing the action of fresh water. In drying the frond adheres, but not very strongly, to paper. This pretty little species is common in Western Australia, where it was first detected by Preiss, creeping over various algee, which it sometimes closely covers with its parasitic surcull. It is allied to P. versicolor, but differs in substance, in ramifica- tion, and in size. It may also be compared with the Antarctic P. ceratoclada, and others of the section “ Pennate,” but ap- pears to be sufficiently characterized. As yet it has only been found on the west coast of the Australian continent. Fig. ]. PotystpHonta RostRATA, a tuft,—che natural size. 2. A frond, rising from the creeping stem. 3. Ramuli and a conceptacle. 4. Spores. 5. Section of a ramulus. 6. Section of the main filament :—variously mag- nified. Ser. MELANOSPERME. Fam. Fucacee. Pirate CCXLITII. CYSTOPHORA SONDERI, 7 47. Gen. Cuar. Root scutate. Frond pinnately decompound, dendroid, with a distinct stem, branches, and ramuliform leaves. Vesicles stipitate, simple, rarely absent. feceptacles pod-like, torulose or moniliform, developed in the ramuli. Scaphidia hermaphrodite. Spores obovoid. —Cystornora (J. Ag.), from xvotis, a bladder, and dopew, to bear. Radix scutata. Frons pinnatim decomposita, dendroidea, caule proprio, ramis foliisque ramuliformibus donata. Vesicule stipitate, simplices, raro nulle. Receptacula siliqueformia, torulosa v. nodulosa, apice ramulorum evoluta. Scaphidia hermaphrodita. CysropHora Sonderi; root scutate; stem terete, mostly undivided ; branches spreading in every direction, pinnately ramulous, filiform, the ultimate ramuli changing into short, ovato-lanceolate, scarcely torulose receptacles; vesicles between spherical and ellipsoidal, api- culate, about one on each pinnate ramulus. C. Sonderi; radice scutata; caule terete sepius indiviso ; ramis undique egre- dientibus pinnatim ramulosis filiformibus, ramulis ultimis in receptacula brevia ovato-lanceolata via torulosa abeuntibus ; vesiculis ellipsoideo-sphericis apt- culatis in ramulo pinnato subsingulis. CystopHora Sonderi, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 247. Harv. Alg. Exsic. Austr. n. 15. SarGassum flaccidum, Sond. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 164. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 617. Has. West Australia, Preiss! Mylne! W.H. H. Port Fairy, W. H. H. Port Phillip, Herb. Areschoug, Dr. F. Mueller. Groar. Distr. West and south coasts of Australia. Descr. Root an expanded disc, an inch or more in diameter. Stem either un- divided or divided near the base into several long, simple, stem-like branches, as thick as crow’s-quill or thicker, more or less stripped above the base, and there rough with short, hard, prominent points, being the persistent stumps of broken branches, attenuated upwards, and tapering into a seta- ceous point, closely beset with lateral branches throughout the greater part of its extent. Branches 3-6-8 inches long, horizontally patent, spreading to all sides of the stem, and not deflexed at their insertion, closely pinnated with alternate pinnules. Pénnules filiform, dichotomo-pinnulate or multifid, about uncial, their ultimate divisions setaceous with rounded axils. Vesicles about a line or 12 line in diameter, globose or oval, on long, filiform, slen- der petioles, mucronate, two or more on each multifid pinnule. eceptacles 2-3 lines long, aggregated, sometimes bifid, ovato-lanceolate or fusiform, somewhat torulose, much shorter than the ramuli by which they are sub- tended, containing few scaphidia. Colour a dark olive, becoming black in the herbarium. Substance coriaceous, flaccid and tough. Ree eee This species seems to oscillate between the true Cystophore and the species of Sargassum with filiform and dichotomous leaves; but the position of the receptacles, which are formed out of the terminal ramuli of the branches, ought to fix it as a species of Cystophora. By Sonder it was referred, though with doubt, to the little known Fucus flaccidus of Labillardicre, which appears however to differ in its much larger and perfectly sphe- rical muticous vesicles. Fig. 1. Portion of the middle region of the stem of Cystophora Sonderi, with lateral branches. 2. The discoid root :—oth of the natural size. 3. Part of a pinnule, bearing vesicles. 4. Part of a pinnule, with receptacles :— both magnified. Plate CCXLIV. EPC NCIS | C 3 av i { i : eS) A nA y\ \ . et bas. a SAY Var N } ; AME: Ae 5 se\e 2 + ese _ eee ie Vincent Brooks, imp. Ser. RuoposPeRMpa&. Fam. Spherococcoidea. Puate CCXLIV. DELESSERIA DENTICULATA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond leaf-like, membranaceous, areolated, symmetrical, sim- ple or branched, midribbed. Fructification : 1, hemispherical eon- ceptacles, sessile on the midrib, or on a lateral nerve, containing a tuft of moniliform spore-threads on a basal placenta; 2, tripartite tetraspores, in definite sor or spots, on the frond, or on accessory leaflets.—-Drtesserta (4g.), in honour of Baron Delessert, a distin- guished patron of botany. Frons foliacea, membranacea, areolata, symmetrica, simplex v. ramosa, costata. Fruct.: 1, coccidia in costa venisque frondis sessilia, hemispherica, fila spori- fera moniliformia a placenta basali emissa foventia: 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in soros definitos collecta. Detusserta denticulata; frond ribbed, dichotomous, rather rigid; seg- ments broadly linear, curled and wavy, with a sharply-toothed mar- gin; rib opaque, cartilaginous, vanishing beneath the apex; mem- brane formed of bluntly-hexagonal cellules; veins none; sori in obovate, fimbriato-dentate fruit-leaves springing from the midrib. D. denticulata; fronde costata dichotoma rigidiuscula ; laciniis lato-linearibus erispato-undulatis margine denticulatis ; costa opaca cartilaginea apicem ver- sus evanescente ; membrana cellulis parvis rotundato-hexagonis ; venis nullis ; soris in sporophyllis obovatis fimbriatis e costa prorumpentibus. DeELEssERIA denticulata, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 548. Harv. Alg. Austr. Hxsic. n. 274. Has. Rottnest Island, W. Australia, rare, W. H. H. GroGcr. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Stipes 2-3 inches long, cartilaginous, more or less winged with membrane, branching at the summit, and continued as the midrib of several irregularly dichotomous or alternately subdivided, sometimes pinna- tifid fronds. Segments broadly linear, very obtuse, patent, all traversed by midribs which become obsolete just under the apices, sharply and unequally toothed along the margin, curled and wavy. Conceptacles unknown. Sori of tetraspores lodged in minute, obovate, lacerate or fringed fruit-leaves, which spring from the midribs of the younger segments. The colour is a clear, but not very brilliant red, which darkens a little in drying. The sud- stance is rigid, though the membrane is formed of but a single stratum of cells, and in drying the frond scarcely adheres to paper. In the ramification of this species there is some resemblance to that of the northern JD. alata, which however differs essen- tially in the evolution and structure of the membrane, not to mention the obvious character of the denticulate and crisped margin of our plant. There is perhaps a nearer affinity with D. crispatula, which differs in substance, in the perfectly entire margin, and in the structure of the midrib. I found very few specimens at Rottnest, and not having re- ceived any from my indefatigable correspondent in Western Australia, I take it for granted that this is one of the rarer species of the genus. ‘The cystocarpic fruit has still to be dis- covered. Fig. 1. DELESSERIA DENTICULATA,—the natural size. 2. A fruit-leaf, bearing a sorus of tetraspores. 3. Section of the membrane of the frond, and semi- section of the midrib. 4. Frustule, showing the surface-cells and the toothed margin :—all magnified. ° By Le TAS late. | CALM 1D t Ser. MELANOSPERMEM. Fam. Fucacee. Pratt CCXLV. CYSTOPHORA MONILIFERA, J. 4. Gen. Cuar. fooé scutate. Frond pinnately decompound, dendroid, with a distinct stem, branches, and ramuliform leaves. Vesic/es stipitate, ' simple, rarely absent. Receptacles pod-like, torulose or momiliform, developed in the ramuli. Scaphidia hermaphrodite. Spores obovoid. —Cysropnora (J. Ag.), from cvotis, a bladder, and gopew, to bear. Radix scutata. Frons pinnatim decomposita, dendroidea, caule proprio, ramis foliisque ramuliformibus donata. Vesicule stipitate, simplices, raro nulle. Receptacula siliqueformia, torulosa v. nodulosa, apice ramulorum evoluta. Scaphidia hermaphrodita. Cystopuora monilifera; root scutate; stem flat, decompound-pinnate ; pinne issuing from the flat side of the stem, bent down at their in- sertion, at base alternately obtusely aculeate ; pinnules dichotomo- pinnated, the ultimate changed into nodoso-moniliform, slender, api- culate receptacles ; vesicles numerous, between obovoid and spherical, pointless. C. monilifera ; radice scutata ; caule plano decomposito-pinnato ; pinnis a latere plano caulis egredientibus retrofractis, basi aculeis obtusis laxe muricatis; pin- nulis dichotomo-pinnatis, ultimis in receptacula nodoso-moniliformia gracilia apiculata abeuntibus ; vesiculis numerosis obovoideo-sphericis muticis. CystopHora monilifera, J. dy. Sp. Alg. 1. p. 242. Harv. in Fl. Tasm. 2. p. 283. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 4. BLossEVILLEA retroflexa, Due. Harv. Lond. Journ. v, 6. p. 414. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 629. CysTosErra retroflexa, Rich. Austr. p.12. Sond. in Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 160. Fucus retroflexus, Turn. Hist. t. 155 (not of Labill.). Has. Western and southern coasts, frequent. ‘T'asmania. Groer. Distr. As above. New Zealand. : Descr. Root scutate. Stem several feet long, decompound, flattened, 2-3 lines wide, the branches proceeding from the flattened side and bent down at their insertion; a peculiarity which runs through all parts of the frond. Primary branches or secondary stems 3-4 feet long, pinnated at intervals of about an inch with very patent, closely-branched and decompound pinne. These pinne are usually bare at base and there set with alternate, rigid, blunt prominences, being the bases of broken branchlets ; they are either once, twice or thrice pinnulated, the more divided specimens becoming very dense in ramification. The ultimate pimnaules are multifid, between pinnate and dichotomous, and are slender and almost setaceous. Vesicles globose, as large as peas, 3 or more borne on short, filiform petioles toward the base of the primary pinne. Aeceptacles formed out of all the pinnules indiscriminately, 5-1 inch long, strongly constricted into bead-like pseudo- Joints, each containing a scaphidium, and usually terminated with a seta- ceous point. Colour dark-olive, becoming black in the herbarium. Swé- stance coriaceous, tough. PREPARA AAA This is allied to C. retrofleva (Fucus retroflecus, Labill. t. 260, not of Turner), from which it is easily distinguished by the mo- niliform receptacles and the nearly-globose vesicles. In C. refro- flexa the receptacles are sword-shaped, evidently compressed, and much less torulose than is usual in the genus. Both species seem to be equally common, and are distributed along the same coasts, extending to New Zealand. Fig. 1. Part of a primary branch of CystopHoRA MONILIFERA,—¢he natural size. 2. Part of a fertile pimnule, showing the moniliform receptacles,— magnified. Plate CCXLV. Ser. RHODOSPERMEX. Fam. Rhodometacea. Puate CCXLVI. RYTIPHLGA SIMPLICIFOLIA, Hav. Gen. Cuar. Frond compressed or terete, dendroid, pinnate, transversely striate, corticated ; the axis articulated, composed of a circle of large oblong cells surrounding a central cell ; the periphery of several rows of small, angular, (mostly) coloured cells. Hructification: 1, ovate cera- midia, containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores ; 2, s¢¢chidia, containing tripartite ¢e¢raspores.—RytipuL@a (4y.), from purus, a wrinkle, and frovos, bark ; because the surface is transversely furrowed or striate. Frons compressa v. teres, dendroidea, pinnatim composita, transversim ruguloso- striata, areolata ; axi articulato ex cellulis oblongis maguis pluribus cellulam centralem cingentibus conflato percursa; strato peripherico cellulis pluriseriatis angulatis corticata. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia; 2, stichidia propria, sepius sin- plicia, tetrasporas biseriatas includentia. Ryrienta@a simplicifolia; frond leafy, midribbed, repeatedly proliferous from the midrib, and at length falsely much-branched ; phyllodia linear, flat or shghtly channelled, with a slender midrib, opaque, very delicately striate transversely, obtuse, tapering at base into a short petiole; stichidia linear, involute, tufted, springing from the midmb. R. simplicifolia ; fronde foliacea costata a costa repetite prolifera et demum spurie ramosissima ; foliis linearibus planis v. subcanaliculatis costa tenur percursis opacis tenuissime transversim striatis obtusis basi in petiolo at- tenuatis ; stichidiis linearibus involutis fasciculatis e costa enatis. RyrieHi@a simplicifolia, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic.n. 133. Ll. Tasm. v. 2. p. 298. Has. Cast ashore from deep water, rare. Port Fairy, W.H. H. Tas- mania, R. Gunn. Grocr. Distr. South coast of New Holland. Tasmania. Descr. Root discoid. Primary leaf from an inch to 3-6 inches long, from 1-3 lines wide, quite flat or slightly hollow on one side, very obtuse, tapering at base into a short stipes, traversed by a slender midrib, from which nume- rous similar leaves, 1-3 or more inches in Jength, are thrown out prolife- rously, without any definite order. These, in like manner, bear a third, and those a fourth series of similar leaves, until there results (in old speci- mens) a bushy, much-compounded frond, made up of simple, linear leaflets. All the leaflets are of similar shape ; their apices are minutely inflexed or involute ; the margin minutely raised toward one surface; the membrane is thickish, opaque, not glossy, and appears under a pocket lens as if deli- cately and very closely striate transversely. Couceptacies unknown. — S/i- chidia \inear-lanceolate, acute, inflexed or involute, closely placed or tufted _ along the midribs of the leaflets, containing tetraspores in a double row. The colour is a dark brownish-red, becoming darker or blackish in the her- barium. The sadstance is coriaceous and tough, and in drying the frond scarcely adheres to paper, even under heavy pressure. A rare plant, with the aspect of the narrowest forms of Lenor- mandia spectabilis, but having a very different microscopic struc- ture and fructification, and easily known, with the help of a pocket lens, by the absence of the decussating lines conspicuous in Lenormandia, and the presence of the closely-placed, trans- verse striea. As yet I have seen very few specimens. The ceramidia are still a desideratum. Fig. 1. Rytrenit@a sIMpPLictFroiia,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a leaf (phyllodium) bearing stichidia along its midrib. 3. One of the stichidia, with its double row of tetraspores. 4. Cross section of the frond :—vari- ously magnified. Plate iw CXL } if \ AJ 4 Ser. MeLANOSPERMES. Fam. Lucacea. Puate CCXLVII. CYSTOPHORA PANICULATA, J. 4. Gy. Cuar. Root scutate. Frond pinnately decompound, dendroid, with a distinct stem, branches, and ramuliform leaves. /esicdes stipitate, simple, rarely absent. Receptacles pod-like, torulose or moniliform, developed in the ramuli. Scaphidia hermaphrodite. Spores obovoid. —Cysrornora (J. dg.), from xvotis, a bladder, and dope, to bear. Radix scutata. Frons pinnatim decomposita, dendroidea, caule proprio, ramis foliisque ramuliformibus donata. Vesicule stipitate, simplices, raro nulle. Receptacula siliqueformia, torulosa v. nodulosa, apice ramulorum evoluta. Scaphidia hermaphrodita. CysropHora paniculata; root branching; stem terete, decompoundly branched ; branches spreading to all sides, bent down at their inser- tion, naked or laxly alternately spinulose at base, ramuliferous above ; ultimate ramuli crowded, setaceo-subulate, simple or forked ; recep- tacles in tufts at the ends of the smaller branches, nodulose, obtuse ; vesicles none. C. paniculata ; radice ramosa; caule tereti decomposito-ramoso; ramis undique egredientibus basi retrofractis inferne nudis v. laxe alterne spinulosis sursuin ramuliferis, ramulis ultimis crebris setaceo-subulatis furcatis simplicibusque ; receptaculis apice ramorum minorum fasciculatis nodulosis obtusis; vesiculis nullis. CystopHora paniculata, J. dy. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 248. Harv. in Fl. Tasm. v. 2. p. 285. Harv. Alg. Austr. Eusic. n. 16. CysTosE1Ra paniculata, 4g. Sp. Aly. p. 16. Syst. p. 290. BLOSSEVILLEA paniculata, Due. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 629. Fucus paniculatus, Turn. Hist. t. 176. Has. Kent Islands, Bass’s Straits, Dr. R. Brown. South Australia, Dr. Curdie. Port Fairy, VW. H. H. Tasmania, R. Gunn. Gerocr. Distr. South coasts of New Holland. Tasmania. Descr. Root branching, with many clasping fibres. Stem several feet long, as thick as goose-quill near the base, where it throws off several stem-like branches (secondary stems) which are bent downwards at their insertion. These secondary stems are undivided, 2 or more feet long, as thick as crow- quill, filiform, smooth or distantly spinuliferous, throwing out numerous lateral branches, from 8-12 inches or more in length. ‘These lateral (essey’) branches are bare of branchlets at base or throughout their lower half, and densely beset above with ¢ertiary ramuli, spreading to all sides. ‘The fer- diary branchlets are 2-4 inches long, closely covered with filiform, seta- ceous, mostly forked, ultimate ramuli, which are more crowded towards the summits. Vesicles not known. Receptacles formed from the uppermost ramuli of the smaller branches, hence always crowded about the apices, constricted into bead-like nodes, each node containing a scaphidium. Colour a dark olive, turning black in drying. Substance coriaceous, tough. OPO Orme A “ Cystophora,” without vesicles, is as anomalous as the play of ‘Hamlet’ would be with the character of the Prince of Den- mark omitted ; and yet, in habit and in the development of the frond there is such close accordance with other Cystophore that it would be unnatural to separate this species from its congeners. Vesicles, in the Fucordee, though very constant where they occur, sometimes are present or absent in the same species, and even Fucus vesiculosus itself is not unfrequently found without any bladders. Usually vesicles are more common in species that either inhabit shallow water or that float partially on the sur- face. Probably our C. paniculata wnhabits the deeper part of the Laminarian zone, where buoys would be comparatively use- less to it. Whether its branching root be also an adaptation to fit it for a residence among the Lamnari@ is uncertain. Fig. 1. One of the secondary branches of CysTopHoRA PANICULATA. 2. Base of the stem and root; both ¢he natural size. 3. Apex of one of the smaller, fertile branches, with its terminal receptacles and a few of its forked ramuli,— magnified. Plate CCALVITL. > > - - Vincent, Brooks, imp. Ser. RHODOSPERMEA. Fam. Gelidiacee. Puate CCXLVIII. PTEROCLADIA LUCIDA, J 4%. Gen. Cuan. Frond linear, two-edged, imperfectly midribbed, pinnate, com- posed of three strata ; the medudlary stratum of densely-packed, longi- tudinal fibres, the zztermediate of larger, roundish cells; the cortical of vertical, moniliform filaments, formed of minute, coloured cellules. Fructification: 1, umlocular conceptactes hemispherically prominent to one surface of the frond, containing, within a thick pericarp, pedi- cellated, obovate spores, springing from a parietal dissepiment, which is united to the pericarp by slender filaments; 2, cruciate ¢e¢raspores, forming sori in dilated ramulii—Preroctapta (J. Ag.), from mrepor, a wing, and Kraébos, a branch. Frons linearis, anceps, subcostata, pinnatim decomposita, stratis tribus contexta ; medullari ex fibris tenuibus longitudinalibus densissime intertextis, intermedio cellulis majusculis rotundatis, corticali cellulis minutis coloratis in fila verti- calia conjunctis composito. Kruct.: 1, cystocarpia unilocularia in alterutera pagina hemispherice prominentia, ad placentam parietalem effusam, fibris plurimis cum tecto pericarpit crassi junctam, sporas obovatas longe pedicel- latas, foventia ; 2, tetraspore cruciatim divise, infra apices ramulorum aggre- gale. Preroctapta lucida, J. Ag. Prerocuapta lucida, J. 4g. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p.483. Fl. Nov. Zel. v. 2. p. 244. Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 551. GeELIDIUM lucidum, Sond. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 174. Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 4. p.549. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 763. PayxiopHora lucida, Grev. Aly. Britt. Syn. p. 56. Spu#rococcus lucidus, 4g. Sp. p. 290. Syst. p. 228. Fucus lucidus, Br. MSS. Turn. Hist. t. 238. Has. Coast of New Holland, 2. Brown. Western Australia, abundantly. Preiss! Mylne! W.H. H., G. Clifton. King George’s Sound, sh & ied 0 Grocr. Distr. West and south-west coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. Descr. Root branching. Frond 6-12-18 inches long, plano-compressed, thickened in the centre and imperfectly costate, sharply two-edged, 1-3 lines wide, linear, pinnately decompound; very variable in the amount of ramification and in the breadth of the frond. Young specimens are per- fectly distichous, twice or thrice pinnated; the pinnz closely set, erecto- patent, nearly opposite, as are also the pinnules of both seriez, blunt, rather broadest in the middle, slightly tapering toward each extremity. Older fronds very frequently become irregularly proliferous from the main stem and from the rachides of the larger pinne; in these cases many tripinnate distichous branches are directed to all sides, causing the general frond to lose its distichous aspect and become densely bushy, the fronds and their proliferous frondlets closely imbricating each other. The midrié varies much in different specimens; in some it is scarcely obvious, in others strongly marked, very convex, and much thickened. Sometimes the pin- nules are short or abortive and crisped; sometimes they are much at- tenuated, flat, and thin. The conceptacles are formed about the middle of the pinnule, in dilated portions, and resemble in structure the semi-con- ceptacle of a Gelidium, as if one side only of the conceptacle were developed. The ¢etraspores are cruciate, formed among the cortical filaments of dilated pinnule, near the summit. The colour is a rather brilliant purplish-red. The surface of the frond is glossy, and retains its gloss in the herbarium. The substance is rigid and very tough, coriaceous when growing, somewhat horny when dry, in which state the frond does not adhere to paper. From Geldium, to which genus it is nearly allied, Pferocladia differs in having a one-celled, not a two-celled pericarp, and scarcely by any other character ; for Gelidium proliferum (Plate CCIV.), as already noticed, unites the fruit proper to Gelidium to the habit and frond of Péerocladia. Pterocladia lucida, if all the specimens that pass under this name be justly referable to one species, is nearly as variable a plant as Gelidium corneum. Our figure is intended to represent the typical state of the frond, before it has become complicated by proliferous additions. The New Zealand plant may possibly be specifically different, thongh hitherto I have not succeeded in detecting a valid difference between it and that from West Aus- tralia. If all belong to one species, then it is a curious fact that this species should be so common in West Australia and in New Zealand, and not found on the intermediate coasts between these widely-separated centres. Fig. 1. Prerocnapia Lucipa,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a pinna, bear- ing conceptacles. 3. Vertical section of a conceptacle and of the frond. 4. Apex of a pinna, bearing tetraspores in dilated pinnule. 5. Tetra- spores :—all magnified. Plate, CALE Ser. CHLOROSPERMES. Fam. Dasycladec. Puate CCXLIX. ACETABULARIA CALYCULUS, Quoy et Gaim. Gen. Cuar. oot scutate. Frond stipitate, umbrella-shaped, thinly in- crusted with carbonate of lime. Sfzyes tubular, unicellular, cylin- drical, crowned with a peltate disc formed of numerous radiating cuneiform cells. Ced¢s of the disc at first containing granular green matter, which is afterwards changed into spherical spores.—Acerra- BULARIA (Lamea.), from acetabulum, a saucer. Radix scutata. Frons stipitata, umbraculiformis, tenuiter calcareo-incrustata. Stipes tubulosa, monosiphonia, cylindracea, disco peltato e cellulis pluribus cuneiformibus formato coronata. Disci cellule primo materie yranulart viride replete, demum sporis sphericis farcte. ACETABULARIA Calyculus ; peltate disc cup-shaped ; its radii incurved. A. Calyculus ; disco peltato calyciformi, radiis incurvis. ACETABULARIA Calyculus, Quoy e¢ Gaimard, in Freycinet, Voy. Zool. t. 90. f. 6,7. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 510. CLIFTONELLA Calyculus, J. H. Gray, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. v. 8. p. 408. Has. West coast of New Holland, Quoy and Gaimard. Dredged in Owen’s Anchorage, Fremantle, Western Australia, G. Clifton. Groar. Distr. West coast of New Holland. Descr. Root a minute disc. Fronds tufted, 1-3 inches high. Sécpes setaceous, thinly incrusted with carbonate of lime, whitish, opaque, distantly nodulose, pierced at the nodes by a circle of small holes or scars (being the points of attachment of whorls of byssoid fibres, which accompany the early stages of growth). Disc campanulate or cup-shaped, very concave, formed of numerous, strongly-incurved or arched, lineari-cuneate, blunt-topped cells, which are at first filled with yellowish-green grumous matter, and at matu- rity with innumerable spherical spores. The spores are perfectly globose, bright green, and have a toughly-membranous hyaline coat. The substance is rigid, and in drying the frond does not adhere to paper. The genus Acetabularia at present includes three species: one of them a native of the Mediterranean Sea; another, of the West Indies and the tropical ocean generally; the third, the subject of our figure. ‘This Australian species is at once known by the very concave, almost campanulate disc, formed of arched cells. ‘lhe coherence between the cells also appears to be less strong than in the other species; but there is no difference in the stem, which is equally furnished in all with whorls of dot- like scars at intervals. Although the byssoid fibres have not been yet observed in 4. Calyculus, there can be little doubt that the scars denote the spots from which fibres have fallen. Mr. Clifton’s specimens were attached to the valves of bivalve shells. Fig. 1. Group of ACETABULARIA CALYCULUS, on a piece of shell,—the natural size. 2. Upper part of a frond. 3. One of the radiating cells of the disc, in its mature state, full of spores. 4. Spores :—the latter figures magnified. a Se ae ent Broaks Vine r. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Corallinacee. Puate CCL. CHEILOSPORUM SAGITTATUM, “resed. Gen. Cuar. Frond plano-compressed, calcareous, articulated, dichotomous ; articulations obsagittate or obcordate. Lructification : 1, conceptacles ovoid, immersed in the upper margin of the lobes of the articulations, one in each lobe, furnished with an apical pore and containing in the base of the cavity a tuft of erect, at length four-parted, spore-threads. —Cuerttosrorum (Dne.), from yeros, a lip, and o7ropos, a seed, in allusion to the marginal fruit. Frons plano-compressa, calcarea, articulata, dichotoma ; articulis obsagittatis v. obcordatis. Fruct.: 1, conceptacula ovoidea, in margine loborum superiore articulorum ulrinque immersa, apice poro pertusa, in fundo loculi fila spori- fera fasciculata erecta demum quadripartita foventia. CuerLosporum sagitlatum ; frond robust, stipitate, becoming broader up- wards; articulations of the branches deeply sagittate, tapering at base; lobes patent, broadly subulate, acute. Ch. sagittatum ; fronde robusta stipitata sursum subdilatata, articulis ramorum profunde sagittatis basi attenuatis, lobis patentibus late subulatis acutis. CHEILOSPORUM sagittatum, dresch. in J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 545. Harv. Alg. Austr. Ewxsic. n. 445. AMPHTROA sagittata, Due. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1842. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 102. CoRALLINA sagittata, Lama. in Freye. Voy. Zool. p. 625. t. 95, f. 11, 12. Has. Swan River, Preiss. Kiama, New South Wales, on tidal rocks, We iH: Geocr. Distr. Mauritius. Port Natal and Algoa Bay, South Africa. Descr. Root a spreading calcareous crust. Fronds densely tufted or spreading over wide patches, 2-4 inches high, half a line to nearly a line in breadth, stipitate, many times regularly dichotomous above the middle, flabelliform in outline and fastigiate. Lower articulations obconical, with short ap- pressed lateral lobes ; middle and upper articulations deeply sagittate, com- pressed, with a trace of midrib, their lobes broadly subulate, spreading, acute or subacute. The terminal articulation of branches and ramuli is either obovate or obcordate. En hie (on a South African specimen) ovoid, half immersed in the upper edge of the lateral lobes of the joints, especially towards the ends of the branches, cont: uning a tuft of four-jointed spore-threads. When deprived of lime by acid, the articulations are ele- gantly banded by alternate bands of roundish and of linear cells. The colour, when growing, is a deep and rather bright purple-red, which becomes duller on drying, and on exposure the frond fades to a chalky-white. The substance is rigid and fragile, and the frond does not adhere to paper in drying. The genus Chetlosporum has been separated by Areschoug from Amphiroa, to which it is nearly allied, and from which it differs merely by the position of the conceptacles. In Amphiroa the conceptacles, one or many, are developed from all parts of the surface of the articulations ; in Cheilosporum there are never more than /wo on any articulus, and these are placed, one at each side, on the edge of the projecting upper angle of the articulus. C. sagittatum is a native of the Mauritius and of South Africa. The Australian specimens agree very nearly with specimens re- ceived from Algoa Bay. As they are not in fruit, I have, at figs. 3 and 4, represented magnified fragments of a fertile speci- men of the South African plant. C. elegans, of New Zealand, is very closely, perhaps too closely, allied to the present, but is a slenderer plant. Fig. 1. CHEILOsporUM sacirratuM,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a branch, with ramuli. 38. Fertile articulations, with ceramidia. 4. A fertile lobe, with its ceramidium, after the lime has been removed by acid :—magnified. —_—— Ser. RHODOSPERMEX. - Fam. Rhodomelacce. Prare CCLVII. DASYA TENERA, Harv. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform or compressed, dendroid; stem and branches coated with small, polygonal cells (rarely articulated, and many-tubed) ; the axis articulate, composed of several radiating cells surrounding a central cavity; ramelli articulated, one-tubed. Fructification: 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia; 2, lanceolate stichidia, attached to the ramelli, and containing triangularly-parted tetraspores in transverse rows.—Dasya (4g.), from dacus, hairy. Frons filiformis v. compressa, dendroidea. Caulis ramique majores strato cel- lularum corticati (raro pellucide articulati), ramellis monosiphoniis obsessi ; axis articulatus, ex cellulis pluribus radiantibus tubum centralem cingentibus formatus. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata v. urceolata ; 2, stichidia lanceolata, ex ramellis enata, tetrasporas transversim ordinatas foventia. Dasya tenera ; cartilagmous when fresh, but almost instantly softening, rosy when dry; frond 4-tubed, corticated, decompoundly much branched, subdichotomous, flexuous; branches irregularly divided, the smaller ones often secund, the ultimate much attenuated, acute, all naked or laxly covered with very slender ramelli ; ramelli whorled, branched at base, subsimple, straight, cylindrical, obtuse ; ceramidia ovate, pedicellate ; stichidia scattered or tufted, lanceolate, formed on the ramuli. D. tenera; cartilaginea, mox aere deliquescens, siccitate rosea ; fronde tetra- siphonia corticata decomposite ramosissima subdichotoma flexuosa; ramis ir- regulariter divisis, minoribus sepe secundis, ultimis attenuatis acutis, omnibus denudatis v. ramellis tenuissimis laxe vestitis; ramellis verticillatis basi ramosis simpliciusculis strictis cylindraceis obtusis; ceramidiis ovatis pedicel- latis ; stichidits sparsis v. fasciculatis lanceolatis e ramulis enatis. Dasya tenera, Harv. in Trans. Rk. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 543. Alg. Austr. Exsic. No. 209. Has. Thrown up from deep water. Very abundant at Fremantle and in King George’s Sound, West Australia. Also at Port Philip, Victoria. Grocer. Distr. West and south coasts of New Holland. Descr. Root a small disc. This forms large, globose, tufts, 6-12 inches or more in diameter. ronds 6-12 inches long, varying from 1 line to a line or rather more in diameter, excessively branched in an irregularly dichotomous or alternately decompound manner, the lesser divisions fre- quently secund. The branches are directed towards ali sides, and spread at wide angles; they taper much towards the extremities, and the smaller ones are attenuated to a fine point. The frond in every part is thickly coated with cellules, so as to appear inarticulate, and the larger branches as well as the older parts of full-grown fronds are bare of ramelli. All the young branches, while growth continues, are thinly clothed with very slender, soft, fugacious subsimple ramelli. rut of both kinds is commonly produced. The ceramidia are ovate, borne on larger or shorter inarticulate pedicels issuing from the sides of the branches, often in secund order. The stichidia are similarly placed and pedicellated, and lanceo- late in form. The colour, when the plant is quite fresh, is a pale testaceous brown, but soon after gathering it changes to a brilliant rosy-red, which is retained in drying. The substance, at first cartilaginous, almost instantly softens in the air, and decomposes into jelly on immersion in fresh water. In drying the frond unites itself most closely with paper. PIN This species, though profusely common on several parts of the Australian coast, has only very recently attracted the notice of collectors. Nor is this to be wondered at, because it is of so perishable a nature as to be dried with difficulty ; and even when most skilfully prepared, the half-dissolved specimens be- come so incorporated with the paper on which they are dis- played, as to be of little use for microscopic examination. Hav- ing neglected to make a sketch of the anatomical character of the living plant, I have been unable to supply the deficiency from the dry, as remoistening the stem causes it instantly to dis- solve. The remarkable change of colour, from pale-brown to brilliant rose-red, which takes place in this species on removal from the sea, is mentioned in our description. A similar change occurs under similar circumstances in all the species of Sarcomenia, mn Polysiphonia mutabihs. At the same time the substance softens in all these plants, and decay rapidly ensues. Fig. 1. Dasya TENERA,—the natural size. 2. Fragment of a branch, bearing ceramidia. 3. Spores. 4. Apex of a branch, with s¢échidia and ramelli. 5. A tetraspore :—the latter figures magnified. Plate CCLVIT Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Rhodymeniacee. Prats CCLVIII. RHODOPHYLLIS? NITOPHYLLOIDES, Harv. Gen. Cuar. Frond flat, membranous, dichotomously or pinnately decom- pound, mostly margined with leafy or slender processes, and com- posed of two strata of cells ; the medullary stratum formed of roundish- angular cells, the cortical of coloured cellules in one or few rows. Fructification : 1, marginal, external conceptacles, containing within a pericarp formed of radiating filaments, a compound nucleus, formed of bundles of spore-threads radiating from a basal (or central) pla- centa; 2, zonate ¢efraspores, immersed in the peripheric cells of the segments or marginal processes. —RHopoPHYLLIs (Kiitz.), from podeos, red, and durdAor, a leaf. Frons plana, membranacea, dichotome v. pinnatim decomposita, segmentisque ciliisve marginalibus obsita, stratis duobus contexta ; strato medullari cellulis rotundato-angulatis, corticali cellulis coloratis uni- v. pauci-seriatis composito. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia marginalia, externa, pericarpio filis moniliformibus radiantibus conflato munita, nucleum compositum ex fasciculis filorum radian- lium formatum foventia ; filisdemum in sporas solutis ; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise, fronde v. lacinulis marginalibus immerse. RuopoPHyLus ? xitophylloides ; frond rigidly membranous, flabelliform, irregularly dichotomo-multifid ; laciniz broadly linear, patent, obtuse, ciliato-dentate ; tetraspores immersed in the superficial cells, scattered over the whole frond. R.? nitophylloides; fronde rigidiuscule membranacea flabelliformi irregulart- ter dichotomo-multifida ; laciniis lato-linearibus patentibus obtusis margine ciliato-dentatis ; tetrasporis (zonatim divisis) inter cellulas superficiales im- mersis, per totam frondem sparsis. Nov. Gen. ? Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 549. No. 184. Alg. dustr. Exsic. No. 285. SrictosporuM dentatum, Harv. MSS. in Herb. T. C. D. CALLIBLEPHARIS ? nitophylloides, Harv. MSS. in Herb. T. C. D. Has. Garden Island, W. Australia, VW. H. H., G. Clifton. Geocr. Distr. West coast of Australia. Descr. Frond 6-8 inches long and as much or more in the expansion of the divisions, from the base divided into many, irregularly dichotomous or mul- tifid, spreading laciniz, all the axils very wide and rounded. Lacinie from quarter to half inch broad, or more, nearly linear throughout, the wider ones somewhat cuneate below the furcations, all very obtuse or round-topped ; the margin throughout sharply and coarsely toothed, or in places ciliato- dentate. Cystocarpic fruit not known. Tetraspores of large sizeyand deep- red colour, immersed or half immersed in the cellules (chiefly) of the upper surface, and scattered abundantly over every part of the frond, appearing like dots under a pocket lens. ‘The colowr, when recent, is a full rosy-red, becoming duller and more purple in the herbarium. The substance is very firmly membranous or somewhat cartilaginous; and when dry the frond shrinks considerably, and very imperfectly adheres to paper. The super- ficial cellules are of larger size than in other species of Rhodophyllis, and in a single row; those of the medullary stratum are smaller, more closely packed and filled with granular coloured matter. Tam not at all sure that the plant here figured is correctly referred to 2hodophyllis, in which genus I place it provisionally, until the discovery of the cystocarps enables us to determine its true affinities. The structure of the frond does not quite agree with that of Rhodophyllis, and perhaps agrees better with that of Calliblepharis. he tetrasporic fruit would answer equally well for either of these genera. In habit there is a greater resem- blance to Rhodophyllis, and this has induced me to place it in that genus. ‘Taking into consideration the structure of the frond, and the remarkably large and distantly scattered tetra- spores, | had at one time supposed it might be the type of a peculiar genus; but without a knowledge of the cystocarps it would be premature so to consider it. Fig. 1.” RHODOPHYLLIS ? NITOPHYLLOIDES,—the natural size. 2. Small por- tion of a lacinia, with scattered tetraspores im situ. 3. Section through a portion of the same. 4. Tetraspores :—all magnified. Ser. RuoposPpeRMEs. Kam. Cryptonemiacee. Puate CCLIX. GLOIOSACCION? DIGITATUM, Zan. Gen. Cuar. Mrond bag-like, filled with transparent gelatine, membrana- ceous, composed of three strata; the medullary stratum of very large gelatinous cells, soon ruptured ; the intermediate of roundish-angular, coloured cells ; the cortica/ of minute cellules set in vertical filaments. Fructification : 1, globose favellidia immersed in the cells of the in- termediate stratum, and composed of numerous confluent nucleoli ; 2, tetraspores (not known) ?—Guotosaccton (Harv.), from yAovos, viscid, and cakkos, a bag or sack. Frons sacciformis, succo gelatinoso hyalino repleta, membranacea, stratis fere tribus contexta ; strato medullari cellulis mawximis gelatinosis cito ruptis, in- termedio cellulis rotundato-angulatis coloratis, corticali cellulis minimis in fila verticalia ordinatis constante. Fruct.: 1, favellidia globosa, in strato inter- medio immersa, nucleolis pluribus confluentibus composita ; 2, tetraspora ? Guotosaccion digitatum ; frond shortly stipitate, plano-compressed, pal- mato-multifid, fastigiate; laciniee subdichotomous, with wide rounded axils, tapering to an obtuse point. G. digitatum ; fronde breve stipitata plano-compressa palmato-multifida fas- tigiata, laciniis subdichotomis, superioribus lanceolatis obtusis, axillis rotun- datis. HALyMENtIa ? digitata, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. No. 436. Has. Dredged in Port Jackson, C. Moore, W. H. H. Groear. Distr. East coast of New Holland. Descr. Root a small disc, 2-3 lines in diameter. Frond 6-12 inches long, or more, and as fully much in the expansion of the lacinize, broadly cuneate or flabelliform at base, but deeply divided palmately into 4-5 principal seg- ments, which are twice or thrice dichotomous or irregularly multifid. The whole frond is strongly compressed, or nearly plane, and the lacinie have an average width of about 1 inch or 13 inches in full-grown specimens. The axils in all parts are wide and rounded ; the lower laciniz are broadly linear-cuneate, the uppermost more or less lanceolate, tapering to an ob- tuse or subacute point. No fruit has been observed. The colour is a rosy- red, which is soon discharged in fresh water. The substance is gelatinoso- membranaceous, and in drying the frond adheres most closely to paper. LO eee - In habit this species resembles several species of /7alymenia, to which genus I formerly referred it; but the structure of the frond, if my analysis (made from dried specimens) be correct, forbids our regarding it as a Halymenia. In habit also there is a striking resemblance with Memastoma palmata, shortly to be figured in this work, but the structure is even more unlike. No fruit has yet been observed, and consequently the genus cannot be absolutely determined. But as the structure of the frond agrees tolerably well with that of G@lovosaccion, 1 am induced, notwithstanding some difference in habit, to place this plant provisionally in Gloiosaccion. 'The difference in habit is not so great as appears; for though G7. Brownn (Tab. LXXXIIL) is most usually quite simple and baglike, yet it sometimes occurs with once or twice forked fronds, showing that an unbranched habit is not essential, even as a specific character. Fig. 1. Guorosaccion pieiraTuM,—the natural size. 2. Section through a portion of the wall of the tubular frond. 3. Vertical view of the peripheric cells :—magnified. + pe late CCLA i! Ol i : 0 ex 5 es Q 4) oi 65% Gp Ey» <% We Ser. RHoposPERMEA. Fam. Spherococcoidee. Puate CCLX. GRACILARIA RAMALINA, Zar. Guy. Cuar. Frond filiform, compressed, or flat, cartilaginous, irregularly branched, composed of two strata; the medullary stratum of large, roundish, angular cells, smaller outwards, usually containing granules ; the cortical of minute cellules, vertically seriated or in a single row. Fructification : 1, hemispherical or conoidal conceptacles, sessile on the branches, containing within a thick pericarp ovate spores ar- ranged in spore-threads issuing from a basal placenta ; 2, ¢etraspores cruciate or tripartite, dispersed among the surface-cellules of the branches and ramulii—Gracriaria (Grev.), from gracilis, ‘slender ;’ applicable to the filiform species. Frons filiformis, compressa, v. plana, carnoso-cartilaginea, vage ramosa, ex stratis duobus contexta. Stratum medullare cellulis maynis rotundato-angulatis, exterioribus sensim minoribus, materie granulosa sepe repletis; corticale cellulis minimis uni- v. pluri-seriatis, Fruct. : 1, conceptacula hemispherica, sessilia, intra pericarpium crassum fila sporifera e placenta basali radiantia Joventia ; 2, tetraspore sparse, cruciatim divise. Gracitaria Famalina ; frond rosy or pale, plano-compressed, distichous, decompoundly subbipinnate ; pinnee and pinnules horizontally pa- tent, opposite or alternate, the pinnules filiform, very long, divaricate, acute ; cystocarps conical, lateral, often secund ; tetraspores scattered. G. Ramalina ; fronde rosea v. pallida plano-compressa disticha, decomposite sub- bipinnata, pinnis pinnulisque horizontaliter patentibus oppositis alternisque, pinnulis filiformibus longissimis divaricatis acutis, cystocarpiis conoideis lateralibus sepius secundis, tetrasporis sparsis. Hymenociapia Ramalina, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad.v. 22. p. 553. Haro. Alg. Austr. No. 321. Has. King George’s Sound, IV. H. H. Groer. Distr. South-west of New Holland. Descr. Root discoid. Frond 12 inches long, or more, and as much in the ex- pansion of the branches. ‘The main stem is either simple or once forked, 2-3 lines wide, and very strongly compressed, or nearly flat. It is set throughout its length with distichous, very patent or divaricate, lateral branches and branchlets, closely placed, often only 1-2 lines apart, and of various lengths intermixed. The larger, or pinne, are 2-6 inches long, flattened like the main stem, and closely pinnulated once or twice. The smaller are linear-filiform, simple, or here and there ramuliferous, or some- times pinnulated. The apices are acute. Cys/ocarps prominent, conical, scattered along the branches, which are then frequently flexuous or genicu- late, often secund. Zeé¢raspores scattered in ramuli. Colour a rosy but fugacious red, sometimes becoming browner in the herbarium. Substance cartilagineo-membranaceous, shrinking in drying, in which state the frond adheres pretty firmly to paper. This plant is sometimes more ramulous than represented in the figure, and it varies also in colour, from a brilliant to a very pale red. Formerly I described and distributed the more ramu- liferous and bright-coloured but barren specimens, under the name Hymenocladia Ramalina ; whilst many of the less-branched and paler specimens became mixed with duplicates of Gracilaria dactyloides, and have, I fear, been partly distributed under that name. It is these specimens which are referred to in the de- scription of G. dactyloides (Tab. LX XX.), as differing m ramifi- cation from other examples of that species. A more careful examination now leads me to refer these specimens, some of which are in fruit, to what I had formerly placed, incorrectly, in Hymenocladia, and to found the present species upon them unitedly. Our G. Ranalina seems to approach nearest to G. Domin- gensis, Sond., a West Indian species. Fig. 1. Gractbarta Ramattna,—the natural size. 2. Section through a ramulus and cystocarp. 3. Section through a ramulus, with immersed tetraspores. 4. Tetraspores :—the latter figures magnified. Ser. CHLOROSPERMES. Fam. Siphonee. Prats CCLXI. CAULERPA TRIFARIA, Z/arv. Gen. Cuar. Frond consisting of prostrate surculi, rooting from their lower surface, and throwing up erect branches (or secondary fronds) of various shapes. Swhstance horny-membranous, destitute of cal- careous matter. Séructwre unicellular, the cell continuous, strength- ened internally by a spongy network of anastomosing filaments, and filled with semifluid, grumous matter. ructification unknown.— Cauterpa (Lame.), from xavdos, a stem, and éptre, to creep. Frons ex surculis prostratis hic illie radicantibus et ramis erectis polumorphis JSormata. Substantia corneo-membranacea. Structura unicellulosa, cellule membrana continua hyalina intus filis cartilagineis tenuissimis anastomosanti- bus firmata et endochromate denso viridi repleta. Fr. ignota. Cauerpa frifaria ; surculus slender, thinly sprinkled with sharp points ; fronds erect, simple, closely whorled with trifarious, setaceous, sub- acute, incurved ramenta. C. trifaria; swrculo tenui hic illic sparsim echinulato, fronde erecta simplict ramentis trifariis setaceis acutiusculis incurvis crebre verticillata. Has. Creeping on sand-covered rocks, in tidepools. Port Philip Heads, mire, WV, . i, Grocer. Distr. South coast of Australia. Descr. Sureulus 2-4 inches long, about half a line in diameter, simple or branched, copiously rooting, thinly beset with short, scattered or trifarious, sharp points, throwing up from its upper surface numerous erect fronds. Fronds \-2-3 inches long, sessile or minutely stipitate, linear or linear- lanceolate, closely whorled throughout with trifarious ramenta; those near the base of the rachis much shorter than the rest, the lowermost dwindling into prickles. tamenta setaceous, slightly incurved, cylindrical, subacute or mucronulate. Colour rather a dark green, paler towards the extremities. Substance membranaceous. In drying it imperfectly adheres to paper. PR®PLIO Annan es This pretty little species is not very like any other Australian Caulerpa, but has so greatly the aspect of C. plumaris, Ag., a native of the tropical ocean, that without a close examination, it might be mistaken for that plant. It however differs essentially from C. plumaris, as well by its trifarious, not distichous, ramenta, as by the prominent, sharp points or aculei that roughen its surculus. ‘The nearest affinity, among Australian species, seems to be with C. Harveyi, from which it differs in the rough surcu- lus, and the trifarious, not five-ranked, and comparatively much shorter ramenta. C. trifaria appears to be rare; I collected but few specimens at Port Philip Heads, and have not yet received it from Dr. Miller, or any other Victorian botanist. Fig. 1. CavLerpa Trirarta,—the natural size. 2. Portion of the surculus, and of the base of a frond. 3. Section through a frond. 4. Apex of one of the ramenta :—maguified. Plate CCLAT. Vincent Brooks, mp. Ser. RHODOSPERMEA. Kam. Cryptonemiacea. Puate CCLXII. NEMASTOMA? PALMATA, Hav. Gen. Cuar. Frond compressed or flattened, between fleshy and gelatinous, dichotomous or subpinnate, composed of two strata; the medullary stratum formed of longitudinal, interwoven, subsimple filaments, the peripheric of excurrent, dichotomo-fastigiate, articulate filaments, moni- liform toward the apices, and lying in lax or firm gelatine. Frueti/fi- cation: 1, favelle immersed below the cortical filaments, containing within a gelatinous periderm numerous roundish spores; 2, cruciate tetraspores dispersed among the cortical filaments. —Nemastoma* (J. Ag.), from vnpa, a thread, and perhaps toTnmt, in its sense of to strengthen, or stand fast ? Frons compresso-plana, gelatinoso-carnosa, dichotoma v. vage pinnata, duplici strato constituta ; strato medullari filis longitudinalibus simpliciuscults inter- textis, peripherico filis excurrenti-verticalibus dichotomo-fastigiatis articulatis apicem versus moniliformibus, muco laxiort v. solidescente cohibitis contexto. Fruct.: 1, favelle simplices, infra fila peripherica immerse ; 2, tetraspore cruciatim divise, sparse, intra fila moniliformia nidulantes. Nemastoma palmata ; frond membranaceous, thickish, irregularly palma- tifid or subdichotomous ; laciniz lanceolate-lmear, subacute, spread- ing; medullary tissue very lax. N. palmata ; fronde membranacea crassiuscula vage palmatifida v. trregulariter Surcata, laciniis lanceolato-linearibus acutiusculis patentibus ; filis medullari- bus laxe intertextis. Has. Coast of Tasmania, rare, J/iss Browne. Grocer. Distr. Tasmania. Descr. Root a small, scutate disc. Frond 4—6 inches (perhaps more) in height, and as much in the expansion of its lobes, deeply divided, in an irregularly- palmate manner into several principal segments ; each of these is again sub- divided into numerous, spreading lacinize. Lacinie broadly linear or some- what lanceolate, 4—5 lines wide, tapering gradually to a subacute point, not contracted at the base, simple or bifid. No fruié has been observed. The medullary stratum is composed of very loosely interwoven anastomosing fila- ments, separated by rather fluid, hyaline jelly ; the cortical layer, of closely- placed, moniliform, coloured, vertical filaments. The colowr of the frond, * Prof. Agardh has not explained this name, which he originally (1842) spelled Nemostoma (Alg. Medit. p. 89) ; changing it to Nemastoma in 1847. when dry, is a dull and somewhat purplish red, not unlike that of the more coloury varieties of Rhodymenia palmata. ‘The substance, though very soft, when fresh is membranaceous, and even papery when dry; and in drying the frond very imperfectly adheres to paper. PRR ARADO nenrww My acquaintance with this plant is confined to a single speci- men given to me, with some other rare Tasmanian Algee by Mr. W. Archer, of Cheshunt, Tasmania. It is not described in the ‘Flora Tasmanica,’ because, when preparing the descriptions of Algee for that work, I had not decided where to place it; nor should I now figure it, but that I am unwilling to leave unre- corded so remarkable a plant, although, till its fruit be ascer- tained, the genus to which it belongs may be doubtful. In external habit, it nearly resembles the Glovosaccion ? digitatum ot this work, but has a quite different cellular structure, and a deeper and duller colour. I hope the figure now given may direct the notice of collectors to this interesting species. Fig. 1. NeMASTOMA PALMATA,—the natural size. 2. A magnified section of the frond. Plate. CCLALL Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Corallinacea. Puare CCLXIII. MASTOPHORA CANALICULATA, Zarv. Gen. Cuar. Frond stipitate, thinly incrusted with calcareous matter, flat, flexible, foliaceous upwards, flabelliform or dichotomously branched and fastigiate. LMructification: 1, conceptacles hemispherical, sessile, scattered over the whole frond, and containing in the base of the cavity a tuft of erect, oblong, at length four-parted spore threads.— Mastopnora (Dene.), from waotos, a nipple, and gopew, to bear. Frons stipitata, tenuiter calcarea, plana, flevilis, superne foliacea, flabelliformis v. dichotomo-fastigiata. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia hemispherica, sessilia, per totam frondem sparsa, apice poro pertusa, in fundo loculi fila sporifera fasci- culata erecta demum zonatim quadripartita foventia. Mastopnora canaticulata ; frond narrow-linear, dichotomo-multifid, fas- tigiate ; laciniee lmear or subcuneate, with involute margins, chan- nelled concolorous and glabrous on the lower side; ceramidia scat- tered. M. canaliculata ; fronde anguste-lineari dichotomo-multifida fastigiata, laciniis linearibus v: subcanaliculatis margine involutis, subtus canaliculatis concolo- - ribus glabris, ceramidiis sparsis. MastopHora canaliculata, 7. Tasm. v. 2. p. 310. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. No. 443. Has. Port Fairy, W.H.H. Macdonnell Bay, Rev. J. F. Wood. Tas- mania, C. Stuart. Groer. Distr. South coast of New Holland. Tasmania. Descr. Root an expanded incrustation on rocks and stones. Frond 3-4 inches high, and as much in expansion, somewhat flabelliform in outline, many times divided from just above the base, dichotomous or irregularly multi- partite, the lacinice scarcely more than a line or two in breadth. Lacinie multifid, the lower ones exactly linear, the uppermost somewhat cuneiform, all with strongly reflexed or revolute edges, so as to form a channelled frond. Both surfaces are of the same colour and glabrous. The apices are slightly expanded, and obtusely truncate. Ceramidia nipple-shaped, scattered over the upper and middle segments, spore-threads linear oblong, zonately 4-parted. Colowr a dull purplish red, becoming browner when dry, not in the least glaucous on either side. Sudstance calcareous, but flexible and somewhat tough, rigid when dry. This species is readily known from the common J/. Lamou- roux (Ner. Austr. t. 41), by its much narrower and nearly uni- formly narrow fronds, channelled throughout their whole extent, and of the same colour on both surfaces ; not conspicuously glaucous on the lower. It appears to be of rare occurrence, though received from two distant habitats. The genus Mastophora, founded by Decaisne, as a section of Melobesia, differs from Melobesia, more by the pliable and some- what coriaceous substance of the frond, and by the more branch- ing habit of the species included in it, than by any very defi- nite characters. The J/elobesie are evidently of a lower grade of organization than the Mastophore, which are, with one ex- ception, natives of the Southern hemisphere ; whereas d/elodesve are found in all parts of the world, many of them having indi- vidually a cosmopolitan distribution. Mastophora plana, Sond., found by Preiss in Western Aus- tralia, seems to be hardly distinguishable from some states of M. Lamourouen. Fig. 1. MastopHora CANALICULATA,—+the natural size. 2. Portion of the frond, lower surface. 8. Portion of the frond, upper surface, bearing con- ceptacles. 4. Section of the frond and a conceptacle. 5. Spore-threads :— the latter figures magnified. Plate CCLALV. Vincent Srooks, imp. i Ser. RuoposPeRMEs. Fam. Squamariea. Puate CCLXIV. RHODOPELTIS AUSTRALIS, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond spreading horizontally, adnate, composed of articu- lated, vertical, closely-placed filaments, surrounded by hyaline, firm gelatine. Fructification: 1, ovoid, immersed cystocarps, wholly formed of dichotomous, whorled spore-threads, radiating from a ver- tical axis.—Ruoporvettis (Harv.), from podeos, red, and wedtts, a shield ; in allusion to the colour and form of the frond. Frons horizontaliter expansa, adnata, filis verticalibus articulatis densissime sti- patis, muco firmiore obvallatis, constituta. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia ovoidea, immersa, filis sporiferis dichotomo-multifidis, avi verticali verticillatim radi- antibus formata. Ruoporetttis australis, Harv. MSS. Cruoria? australis, Harv. MSS. in Herb. T. C. D. Has. Parasitical on Amphiroa australis, at Rottnest Island, West Aus- tralica, W. H. H. GeoGcr. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Fronds forming oval-oblong, shield-like patches, 3-4 lines in length and -about 1-2 lines in breadth, on the surface of the joints of Amphiroa aus- tralis, one or more patch on each joint, separate, perfectly defined in out- line. Filaments perfectly simple, erect, not half a line in length, closely placed, surroupded by hyaline gelatine, attenuated at base, wider upwards, articulated; the lower joints nearly cylindrical, scarcely contracted at the nodes, twice or thrice as long as broad, the upper more moniliform, and shorter in proportion to their diameter. Cystocarps? immersed in the substance of the frond, basal, oblong-ovoid in form, wholly composed of repeatedly-forked, fastigiate filaments (spore-threads ?) which radiate to all sides from a central axis. No spores have been seen. etraspores unknown. Colour a dark blood-red, much deeper than the tint of the Amphiroa. Substance gelatinoso-coriaceous, very closely adhering to the substance on which it grows. I have been puzzled where to place the curious little parasite here represented. In the structure of the skin-like frond there is a near agreement with Crworia, so much so that at first I referred it to that genus. But as it happens that the cysto- carpie fruit of Crvoria is unknown (as indeed is also that of all the described genera of Sguamariee, with the exception of Peys- sonnelia), I fear to continue to associate it with plants which may have very different cysfocarps. Nor am I quite certain whether to regard what I have above described for cystocarps as such in truth; or whether they may not rather be antheridia. ‘They have indeed a good deal the structure of the cystocarps of Scinaia ; but they still more nearly resemble the antheridia of Callithamnion and Griffithsia. Unfortunately the ¢e¢raspores of our parasite are unknown. It is quite uncertain, therefore, whether it be most nearly related to Actinococcus, of which it has the habit, or to Petrocelis or Cruoria. Under these circumstances 1 am almost forced to place it, provisionally, in a separate genus. Fig. 1. RHODOPELTIS AUSTRALIS, growing on a branch of Amphiroa australis, —the natural size. 2. Vertical section through the fronds of both plants. 3. Vertical filaments of the parasite. 4. One of its cystocarps. 5. Fila- ments from the same :—magnified. 7 Plate CCLAW Ser. CHLOROSPERMEM. Fam. Ulvacea. Piatt CCLXV. PORPHYRA WOOLHOUSIA, Zar. Grn. Cuar. Frond membranous, flat and leaf-like, purple or rosy-red. Fructification: purple or rosy granules (spores) arranged in fours, dispersed over the whole frond.—Poruyra (dy.), from wopdupos, purple. Frons membranacea, plana, foliacea, purpurea v. rosea. Fruct.: spore pur- 2 > > puree v. rosea, quaternate, per totam frondem sparse. Porpenyra Woolhousie ; frond delicately membranaceous, bright rosy-red, glossy, lanceolate or falcate, cuneate at base, simple or irregularly cleft. P. Woolhousiz ; fronde tenuiter membranacea ameneé rosea nitente lanceolata v. falcata, basi cuneata, simplici v. vage fissa. Has. Parasitical on the leaves of Macrocystis pyrifera, Tasmania, Miss Woolhouse. Groar. Distr. ? Descr. Root a minute disc. Frond 6-8 inches or more in length, from 1-3 inches in breadth, cuneate at base, sometimes unequal-sided, and then strongly faleate, the concave margin being quite plain, the opposite margin wavy or plaited ; sometimes equal-sided and then lanceolate, both margins equally wavy. ‘The frond is either quite simple or cleft vertically into two or more linear-lanceolate laciniz. The membrane is extremely thin and delicate, formed of a single row of cells; in an early stage of growth these are polygonal, equally distributed, and forming a tessellated or reticulated surface ; afterwards each cell divides into two and then into four parts, which finally change into quaternate spores. When mature, any por- tion of the frond has the appearance represented at Fig. 4, where the qua- ternate spores stand apart, in the perfectly hyaline membrane. The colour is a brilliant rosy-red, resembling that of Nitophyllum crispum: and when dried the surface retains a strong gloss, as if glazed or varnished. The substance is extremely thin and soft, and in drying the frond most closely adheres to paper. Of this beautiful and brilliantly-tinted species I have seen but two specimens, both from Tasmania, and both formerly in the collection of Miss Woolhouse, of Sheffield, who has kindly per- sented to the Dublin Herbarium that from which our figure has been prepared. Miss Woolhouse is unable to say by whom the specimens were found, and I therefore dedicate the species to her, from whom I obtained all the materials for its history that I at present possess. In the pureness and intensity of its rose-colour this species differs from all other Porphyre known to me, and in- deed at first sight it might pass for some Mtophyllum, but for the peculiar glossy surface which is so characteristic of Porphyre, and which exists only in a very minor degree in Mtophyllum. he frond adheres more closely to paper than other Porphyre, and does not so greatly shrink in drying. Except in the ex- treme tenuity of the membrane, it offers no peculiarity of struc- ture. Fic. 1. Porpuyra Woo.nousit#,—the natural size. 2. Part of the membrane ina young state. 3. The same in a more advanced stage; the endo- chrome beginning to change into spores. 4. The same, where quaternate spores are fully formed. 5. Endochromes of various stages, and _ perfect spores :—magunified. (er to) Flate CCLAVE in ee Ser. RHoODOSPERME. Fam. Gelidiacec. Puatts CCLXVI. ACANTHOCOCCUS PUSILLUS, Za. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform or compressed, cartilaginous, vaguely much branched, composed of three strata; the medullary stratum of longi- tudinal, interwoven, and anastomosing filaments; the ¢xtermediate of large, roundish, empty cells, smaller outwards ; the corézcal, of minute, coloured, vertically seriated cellules. Fructification : 1, half-immersed conceptacles, containing, within a thick-walled pericarp, minute, pedi- cellate, oblong spores, attached to many slender, interlaced, parietal and internal placente ; 2, ¢e¢raspores zonate, scattered —AcaNTHO- coccus (Hook. fil. et Harv.), from axavOos, a thorn, and coxrxos, fruit. Frons filiformis v. compressa, cartilaginea, vage ramosissima, striatis tribus con- texta; strato medullari filis longitudinalibus interteatis anastomosantibus, in- termedio cellulis magnis rotundatis vacuis extus sensim minoribus, corticali cellulis minutis coloratis verticaliter seriatis composito. Fruct.: 1, eystocarpia semi-immersa, intra pericarpium crassum sporas minutas pedicellatas oblongas e placentulis plurimis tenuibus anastomostantibus parietalibus et internis egre- dientes foventia ; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise sparse. AcanrHococcus pusillus ; frond (about an inch long), irregularly forked or multifid, terete ; branches subsimple, subulate, acute ; conceptacles just below the straight or slightly falcate tips of the branches. A. pusillus ; fronde unciali subdichotoma v. vayge multifida tereti, ramis simpli- ciusculis subulatis acutis, cystocarpiis infra apices strictos v. vix falcatos ra- MOrUM semi-UNMEeF SIS. Acantuococcus pusillus, Harv. olim in Herb. T.C.D. DicraNneEMA pusillum, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 313. Harv. in Trans. R. I, Acad. v. 22. p. 550. Has. On the stems of Cymodocea antarctica. South Australia, Dr. Curdie. Dredged near Hmu Point, King George’s Sound, W. H. H. Geoar. Distr. South and south-west coasts of Australia. Descr. foot scutate. Fronds densely tufted, 1-1} inch high, irregularly di- vided ; sometimes but slightly branched, sometimes multipartite. Branches filiform or subulate, acute, nearly straight or curved, either quite simple, or once, twice, or several times divided ; sometimes dichotomous, sometimes palmate. Ramuli erecto-patent, not attenuated at base. Cystocarps im- bedded near the tips of the ramuli, the nucleus consisting of many honey- combed loculi, with fibro-cellular walls to which the solitary, pear-shaped spores are attached. et¢raspores zonately divided, imbedded in the peri- phery of the ramuli. The colour is a dull red-brown, becoming darker in drying. The substance is rigid ; and in drying, the frond very imperfectly adheres to paper. A small species with which I first became acquainted by a single specimen given to me in 1851 by Dr. Curdie, of Geelong, and which I then correctly referred to the genus Acanthococcus, and placed in the University Herbarium, under the name here adopted. Strange to say, when I myself collected this plant, in 1854, at King George’s Sound, I mistook its affinities, and with- out careful examination placed it in the genus Dicranema, of which it has externally the aspect. More recently, when pre- paring the analysis for our figure, I found that my first analysis was valid; the generic characters are clearly those of Acanthococcus, and the first-given name is now restored. It is by much the smallest and least branching of the genus, never that I know of growing beyond the size represented in our Plate. Its favourite habitat is on the stems of Cymodocea, which it sometimes completely infests. Fig. 1. AcaNTHococcus PUSILLUS,—the natural size. 2. Portion of a frond, with conceptacles in the tips. 3. Section through a conceptacle. 4. Sec- tion of one of the loculi from the same, with spores in situ. 5. Portion of a frond, with tetraspores immersed in its periphery. 6. Portion of the periphery, showing the tetraspores in situ. 7. A tetraspore :—the latter figures variously maguified. fate CCLAVH. Ser. CHLOROSPERMEM. Fam. Siphonacee. Piatt CCLXVII. HALIMEDA MACROLOBA, Due. Gen. Cuar. Roots fibrous, much branched. Frond dendroid, articulato- constricted, with flattened internodes (or articulations), coated with a calcareous crust, and composed internally of a plexus of longitudinal, subparallel, unicellular, branching filaments.—Hatimepa (Lamour.), from one of the Nereids. Radix fibrosa, ramosissina. Frons dendroidea, articulato-constricta, internodiis (articulisve) planiusculis, crustd calcared corticata, intus e filis longitudinali- bus subparallelis intertextis unicellularibus ramosis composita. Hatimeva macroloba; frond subsolitary, erect, shortly stipitate, distich- ously much branched ; articulations thickened, all quite flat, and broader than their length, the lower ones broadly cuneate-obovate, the upper either cuneate or roundish reniform, entire or repand. H. macroloba ; fronde subsolitaria erecta breve stipitata distiche ramosa, di-tri- poly-chotoma, articulis incrassatis omnibus complanatis oblatis, infimis late cuneatis obovatisve, superioribus nunc cuneatis nune reniformi-rotundatis in- tegris v. repandis. Hatimepa macroloba, Due. Arch. du Mus. v. 2. p. 118. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 504. Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 562. Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 564. Has. On tidal rocks at Rottnest Island, and at Cape Riche, West Aus- tralia, rare, W. H. H. Geocr. Distr. West and south-west coasts of Australia. Madagascar. Red Sea. Indian Ocean. Singapore, Griffith! Tidal coast reef, Keeling Is- lands, 8638, Darwin ! Mindanao, Philippines, Wilkes! Cuming! Friendly Islands, W. H. H. Descr. Root a dense, spongy mass of interwoven, branching fibres. Lowest articulation stipitiform, much incrassated, oblong, somewhat wedge-shaped upwards, bearing on its expanded summit, one, two or several broadly cu- neate articulations ; these bear others, in several successive series, until a fan-shaped, distichous frond is the result. The form of the articulations varies in different parts of the frond, and in different specimens. In our Australian examples most of the articulations are broadly cuneate, some of the uppermost only verging to roundish or reniform. Specimens from Sincapore are not dissimilar, except that some of the medial articulations are either repand or somewhat 3-5-lobed or obscurely fingered. Those from the Keeling and Friendly Islands have more uniformly reniform lobes, except in the lower part of the frond occasionally. In all cases the lobes are thick in substance, with a smooth, and sometimes a slightly glossy sur- face, and contain a considerable amount of carbonate of lime. The colour, when growing, is a pleasant yellowish-green ; this fades, in the herbarium, to a pale-green or greenish-white. In drying, the frond does not adhere to paper. At Plate CXXV. is figured a species of Halimeda, from the northern coast; and in now representing one more frequently met with, from the south-west coast, [ add a magnified represen- tation of some of the curious tubular tissue of which the body of the frond is made up. The closely placed and slightly co- hering apices of the many-times-forked, lateral branches of the filaments that traverse the frond give definite outline to the articulations ; and the ime with which they are, in this species, rather thickly coated, gives solidity and smoothness of surface. H. macroloba is extensively distributed throughout the In- dian and Pacific Oceans. In size and the shape of its articula- tions it approaches 7. Tuna, but is of a much thicker substance, and secretes much more lime than that species. Both vary somewhat in the shape of the internodes. Fig. 1. Hatrmepa macroLopa,—the natural size. 2. Some of the tubular branching tissue of which the frond is composed,—magnijied. wa ) i ys 85 A Oh oe eo os Swe —_—— = ™" b » iy J * eon. Ce at Soe \ / SBOaucd Poo 4 EB EOL: 508822 fo FO, aa i) y as ie Oe, BS56e AS a GOES EOS S298 SE oO oS ‘ . ae 4 a. - be = A i ba as —- ~~.) P on id a ar ad t > Ser. RHopOSPERMES. Kam. Spherococcoidea. Puate CCLXVIII. DELESSERIA CRIS PATULA, tlarv. Gun. Cuar. Frond leaf-like, membranous, areolated, symmetrical, simple or branched, midribbed. Fructification: 1, hemispherical concep- tacles, sessile on the midrib or on a lateral nerve, containing a tuft of moniliform spore threads on a basal placenta ; 2, tripartite ¢e¢raspores, in definite sori or spots, on the frond or on accessory leaflets.— De EssERIA (4g.), in honour of Baron Delessert, a distinguished patron of Botany. Frons foliacea, membranacea, areolata, symmetrica, simplex v. ramosa, costata. Fruct. : 1, coccidia in costa venisque frondis sessilia, hemispherica, fila spori- Sera moniliformia a placenta basalt emissa foventia ; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in soros definitos collecte. Deesseria crispatula ; frond (of small size) dichotomous, costate; seg- ments linear, entire, undulate, obtuse; costa articulated, three-tubed, veins none ; sori of tetraspores either in proper leaflets borne on the midrib, or in the apices of the forked segments. D. crispatula; fronde pusilla dichotoma costata, laciniis pluries furcatis lineari- bus integerrimis undulato-crispatis obtusis ; costa articulata 3-siphonia, venis nullis, soris in sporophyllis propriis costa enatis v. infra apices laciniarum immer sis. DELESSERIA crispatula, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. v. 22. p. 548. Harv. Alg. Austr. Evsic. n. Has. On Cymodocea antarctica. At Fremantle, W. H. H., G. Clifton. Gerocr. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root a minute disc. Fronds single or tufted, 1-3 inches high, and as much in the expansion of the branches, repeatedly dichotomous, traversed by a very slender, articulated, 3-tubed midrib. acini linear, undulated, 1-13 line broad, several times forked, either regularly or irregularly, the terminal divisions occasionally trifid, always very obtuse or subemarginate. In old specimens the midrib, toward the base of the fronds, becomes thick- ened and opaque. The membrane of the lamine is very thin and delicate, composed of a single stratum of cellules, which are smaller towards the margin. ‘The cystocarps are unknown. Sori of ¢etraspores either immersed in the apices of the segments, or borne in proper, roundish, or obcordate sporophylla, rising from the midrib. The colour is a pale rose-red, soon given ont in fresh water. The substance is membranous, but not gelati- nous, and in drying the frond adheres pretty closely to paper. I am indebted to my often-mentioned friend G. Clifton for the specimens here figured, which greatly exceed in size and beauty those which I myself collected in 1854. They serve to confirm the specific identity, but add nothing further to the history of the species, whose cysfocarps still remain to be ascertained. Among Australian species of De/esserta our D. crispatula has. no very near ally. In its articulated midrib and delicacy of membrane it agrees with D. hypoglossoides, from which it differs very much in ramification. In this latter character it agrees with D. denticulata, but differs in size, in tenuity, in the perfectly entire margin, and in the articulated midrib; which last charac- ter will serve to distinguish it from all states of D. alata. Hig. 1. DELESsERIA CRISPATULA,—¢he natural size. 2. Apex of a segment of the frond, bearing sporophylls and sori im the apices. 3. Small portion of the frond, to show the jointed midrib and cellular tissue. 4. A sporo- phyll. 5. Tetraspore from the same :—the latter figures magnified. ¥ | FE é ’ Aine we > Ameent Brook Ser. RuoposperMEa. Fam. Squamariee. Prare CCLXIX. PEYSSONNELIA MULTIFIDA, Zav. Gen. Cuar. Frond flat, horizontally expanded, rooting by fibrils from the lower surface ; composed of two strata of cells ; the lower stratum of horizontal cylindrical cells, arranged in cohering, longitudinal fila- ments; the upper of similar cells, set in vertical cohering filaments. Fructification of both kinds lodged in superficial warts (nemathe- cia): spores roundish, in moniliform strings ; ¢e¢raspores cruciate. —Puryssonnecta (Dene.), in honour of J. A. Peyssonnel, an early and meritorious observer of marine plants, especially of Corallines. Frons plana, horizontaliter expansa, inferiore pagina radicans, stratis duobus contexta ; strato inferiore cellulis cylindraceis horizontalibus in fila longitu- dinalia coherentia seriatis, superiore cellulis similibus in fila verticalia ordi- natis constante. Fruct.: utriusque generis in nematheciis evoluti. Spore subrotunde, moniliformiter seriate ; tetraspore oblonga, cruciatim divise. PryssonneLia mudtifida ; frond coriaceous, opaque, dull red-brown, dicho- tomo-multifid, with reflexed margins; apices and axils obtuse; under surface concolorous, nearly glabrous. P. multifida ; fronde coriacea opaca obscure fusco-rubra dichotomo-multifida, subtus concolori glabriuscula, marginibus refleais, axillis apicibusque oblusis. PryssoNNELIA multifida, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. No. 329. Has. Tidal rocks, at Newcastle, N. S. Wales, rare, WV. H. H. Grocer. Distr. East coast of Australia. Descr. Frond attached at the base only by an expanded disc, ascending or sub- erect, very much branched in an irregularly dichotomous manner, 2-4 inches long, and fully as much in the expansion of the laciniz. Lacinie preserv- ing a nearly uniform breadth of 3-4 lines throughout, linear, with recurved or revolute, somewhat thickened, margins, several times forked, all the di- visions erecto-patent, with rounded sinuses and very obtuse apices. The under surface is nearly glabrous, being only furnished with a very few minute, scattered hairs, which are not obvious without the microscope ;_ it is concolorous with the rest of the frond (but frequently incrusted with zoophytes and corallines). ‘The structure is dense, consisting of the usual under and upper stratum proper to the genus. No fruit has yet been ob- served. The colour is a very dark, red-brown, turning almost black in drying. The substance is rigid when dry, coriaceous and tough when re- cent. It does not adhere to paper. RARAPARAL IOS ~ ——— oe In venturing to add another species to the genus Peyssonelia, IT am not unmindful of the P. Nove-Hollandia, Kutz., of which the character given by Kiitzing would answer very well for the plant now figured under a different name. My reasons for re- garding our present plant as distinct are, that 1 am acquainted with a Peyssonnelia from the south coast which I take to be identical with Kiitzing’s plant, and which differs from that now figured in colour, surface, and ramification; and that the plant now figured comes from a part of the east coast from which few collections have reached Europe. ‘This is the most erect,—that is, the least horizontal, of the genus, the root-fibres of the lower _ surface having nearly disappeared. ‘The cellular structure is identical with that of P. squamosa. Fig. 1. PEYSSONNELIA AUSTRALIS,—the natural size. 2. Vertical section of the frond :—magnified. —. Vincent Ero sks Temp = 5 7 Le arene D7] OR ALAN fi ee a gat’ a Ser. RHODOSPERMES. Fam. Rhodomelacez. PratE CCLXX. ALSIDIUM? COMOSUM, Zuv. Grn. Cuar. Frond filiform or compressed, cartilaginous, pinnately or ir- regularly decompound, opaque, coated with small, polygonal, irregular cellules ; axis articulated, polysiphonous. Ramuli alternate, subulate, acute, transversely striate. rit: 1, ceramidia, containing, within a membranous pericarp, a tuft of pear-shaped spores: 2, tripartite tetraspores, lodged in lanceolate stichidia.—ALsipiuM (4g.), probably from aXs, the sea. Frons filiformis v. compressa, cartilaginea, pinnatim v. vage decomposita, opaca, cellulis minutis polygonis irregularibus corticata; aaxi articulato, polysi- phonio. Ramuli alterni, subulati, acuti, transversim striatt. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia, intra pericarpium tenue fasciculum sporarum pyriformium foven- tia; 2, tetraspore triangule divise, in stichidia lanceolata immerse. Atsipium ? comosum; frond terete, robust, tree-like; stem percurrent, virgate, closely set throughout its greater length with virgate branches spreading in all directions; branches set with long, subulate-filiform ramuli, which are clothed with byssoid, subsimple, long-jointed ramelli. A. ?comosum ; fronde lereti robusta dendroidea mollissima ; caule percurrenti virgato ramis virgatiis quaquaversum egredientibus crebre onusto; ramulis Jiliformi-subulatis elongatis densis ubique ramellis byssoideis simpliciusculis longe articulatis velatis. Has. At the Vasse, W. Australia, M/s. Brown. Grocer. Distr. West coast of Australia. Descr. Root and base of the stem unknown. Stem of unknown length, but probably at least 18 inches to 2 feet long, 13-2 lines in diameter below, tapering upwards and attenuated to a fine point, quite simple, closely set, throughout the greater part of its length, with lateral branches spreading every way. Branches 4-5 inches long, virgate, as thick as a sparrow’s quill at base, tapering to a very slender point, quite simple, but set, like the stem, with closely-placed, erecto-patent, filiform, simple ramuli. Ramudi setaceous, about an inch long, clothed with byssoid ramelli. Ramelli 2-3 lines long, extremely soft and delicate, either quite simple or once forked near the base, articulated ; their articulations cylindrical, many times longer than broad. Fruit at present unknown. A cross section of one of the inarticulate branches shows a single row of coloured, peripheric cells, surrounding a cellular body, in which the articulated axis is not very obvious. Colour a full rosy-crimson, discharged in fresh water, and becoming brown-red in drying. Sudstance extremely soft and subgelatinous. In drying the frond adheres most closely to paper. Until the fruit of this very remarkable plant shall be ascer- tained, its generic relations cannot be definitely fixed. I place it provisionally in Alsidiwm, as well on account of its general habit, as from the laxity of the cellular tissue of the stem ; but it may perhaps be more properly a species of Ahodomela ; bemg (like . comosa, which is otherwise very different) clothed in all the younger parts with byssoid ramelli, like those of a Dasya, to which genus also it seems to bear much affinity. The only specimen I have yet seen I owe to Mr. Clifton, by whose sister (Mrs. Brown) it was collected at the Vasse, a locality as yet but very imperfectly explored, but which promises to fur- nish many interesting Alge. Fig. 1. Atstp1um ? comosum,— the natural size. 2. Cross section of a branch. 3. Small portion of a ramulus, bearing articulated ramenta :—the latter figures magnified. £ itKtE CAC | Ser. RHODOSPERME.E. Fam. Riodomelacee. Prate CCLXXI. DASYA SCOPULIFERA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform or compressed, dendroid ; stem and branches coated with small, polygonal cells (rarely articulated, and many-tubed) ; the axis articulate, composed of several radiating cells surrounding a central cavity; ramelli articulated, one-tubed. ruetification : 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia; 2, lanceolate stichidia, attached to the ramelli, and containing triangularly-parted tetraspores in transverse rows.—Dasya (dg.), from dacvs, hairy. Frons filiformis v. compressa, dendroidea. Caulis ramique majores strato cel- lularum corticati (raro pellucide articulati), ramellis monosiphoniis obsesst ; axis articulatus, ex cellulis pluribus radiantibus tubum centralem ecingentibus formatus. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata v. urceolata ; 2, stichidia lanceolata, ex ramellis enata, tetrasporas transversim ordinatas foventia. Dasya (Stichocarpus) scopudifera ; frond dendroid, robust, gid, thickly corticated throughout, 5-tubed ; stem simple, filiform, set with several long, simple, cord-like lateral branches, which are irregularly but densely beset with sbort, brush-hke ramuli; ramuli clothed with im- curved, simple, subulate, acute, basally attenuated, jointed ramelli ; joints of the ramelli 2-3 times as long as broad; ceramidia ovate, terminating short ramuli. D. (Stichocarpus) scopulifera; fronde dendroidea robusta rigida crassissine corticata 5-siphonia, caule simplici filiform, ramis lateralibus numerosis sim- plicissimts longissimis ramulis scopiformibus onustis,ramulis ramellis articulatis incurvis simplicibus subulatis basi attenuatis velatis, articulis ramellorum dia- metro 2-3-plo longioribus, cerumidiis ovatis ramulos breviores coronantibus. Dasya (Stichocarpus) scopulifera, Harv. in Herb. T. C.D. Has. At Bunbury, W. Australia, rare, G. C/i/ton. Grocer. Distr. West coast of Australia. Descr. Root discoid. Frond 10-12 inches long or more, 1-2 lines in diameter at base, tapering upwards tothe thickness of a sparrow’s quill. Stem quite simple, cord-like, attenuated upwards, irregularly beset with several similar lateral branches. These branches are 6-8 inches long, emitting from all sides, from their bases to within a short distance of the apex, irregularly placed, solitary or tufted, short branchlets; the apices of the branches bare of branchlets and resembling tails. The dranchlets or ramuli are ¢— % ich long, setaceous, and so closely clothed, from a short distance above the base, with ramelli, as to resemble little brushes. All the ramuli, as well as the branches and stem, are perfectly opaque and thickly corticated ; the external coating of the branches being greatly thicker than the articulated 5-tubed axis. Mamelli alone are visibly articulated; the terminal articulation is acute; the rest about twice as long as broad; and the basal ones are nar- rowed towards the base. Ceramudia exactly ovate, without projecting orifice, containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores. Stichidia unknown. The colour is a dark-red, becoming almost black in drying. The sudstance is hard, close, and compact, coriaceous when dry, in which state the frond does not adhere to paper. This is a coarse-growing plant, remarkably different in that respect from most species of Dasya, to which genus, notwith- standing that its séichidia are unknown, I have no hesitation in referring it. It belongs to the section Stichocarpus, and appears to be most related to D. hormoclados, from which it differs widely in habit, in substance and colour, and in the form and position of its conceptacles. It appears to be a deep-water species, and rarely thrown up. The capsule-bearing specimens are shorter and more branched, the lateral branches being again divided, than that represented in our plate. Fig. 1. Dasya scopuLIFERa,—the natural size. 2. A ramulus, with a fertile branch, crowned with a ceramidium. 3. Tuft of spores, from the same. 4. Ramelli. 5. Cross section of the stem :—all magnified. Plate CCLXKL. As —_ & ——= 4S K za PER — VJ \\ Sk Sas A rh Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Helminthocladea. Prate CCLXXII. HELMINTHOCLADIA AUSTRALIS, Zarv. Gen. Cuar. Frond cylindrical, gelatinous, branched to all sides, formed of a fibrous axis and continuous periphery of investing filaments ; axis composed of branching, longitudinal filaments loosely interwoven ; peripheric filaments issuing subhorizontally from the threads of the axis, dichotomous, fastigiate, free. | Cystocarps immersed in the pe- ripheric stratum, formed of many spore-threads radiating from a cen- tral point. Zetraspores unknown.—HetmintHoctanpta (J. Ag.) from EApvs, a worm, and Kradog, a branch ; the soft, gelatinous branches resemble worms. “* Frons teretiuscula, gelatinosa, quoquoversum ramosa, axi filisque investientibus, stratum continuum periphericum formantibus, constitula ; axis filis ramosis laxe intertextis longitudinalibus articulatis contextus ; fila peripherica a filis axis subhorizontaliter egredientia, dichotoma, fustigiata, invicem libera. Des- miocarpia strato peripherico subimmersa, filis gemmiduferis plurimis clavatis a puncto centrali radiantibus nudis constituta.” J. Ag. Hetmintuocrantia australis ; frond terete, wormlike, decompoundly much branched, branches lateral, horizontally patent, attenuated upwards, spreading to all sides, simple or compound. H. australis ; fronde tereti vermiformi decomposite ramosissima, ramis laterali- bus horizontaliter patentibus sursum attenuatis quoquoversum egredientibus simplicibus v. ramosis. HELMINTHOCLADIA australis, Harv. in Herb. T. C. D. Has. Fremantle, W. Australia. Grocer. Distr. West coast of Australia. Descr. Root a small disc. Fronds densely tufted, 6-12 inches long, and fully as much in the expansion of the branches. Main stem generally undivided, percurrent, closely set throughout its whole length with horizontally patent branches, of which the lowest are longest and most compound. Branches worm-like, not attenuated at base, but tapering to a subacute apex, either quite simple or once or twice forked, and frequently furnished with lateral, simple, or forked secondary branches. Fruit unknown. Colour a pale, dull, brownish purple, soon fading in fresh water.. Substance cartilagineo- gelatinous, tough and elastic, very soft. In drying, the frond most closely ‘adheres to paper. That this plant belongs to Agardh’s genus Helminthocladia, founded on the H. purpurea of the coasts of Europe, there can be little doubt. My only doubt respecting it is, lest it should not be sufficiently distinct specifically from /7. purpurea itself, which is a very variable plant, and to some of whose varieties our plant bears considerable resemblance. In general, there is more difference in diameter between the main stem and its branches in the European than in the Australian plant; the Australian is also more densely branched, grows in more crowded tufts, and is of a paler and duller colour. Still, I cannot point to any very definite characters by which it may be distinguished. Fig. 1. HeLMINTHOCLADIA AUSTRALIS,—the natural size. 2. Cross section of a branch. 8. Partial longitudinal section, showing the arrangement of the axile threads, and those of the periphery :—the latter figures magnified. Ser. RuoposrpeRMES. Fam. Ceramiacee. Puare CCLXXITI. CALLITHAMNION? PENICILLATUM, Zar». Gun. Cuar. Frond filiform, branched, articulated, monosiphonous, the stem and branches (in many species) at length thickened internally or coated externally with decurrent filaments; ramuli always pellucidly articulate and monosiphonous. Fructification: 1, favelle generally in pairs, axillary or sessile on the branches, naked, containing nume- rous angular spores; 2, ¢e¢raspores naked, sessile or pedicellate, dis- tributed on the ramuli, generally triangularly parted —CaLirHamMNION (Lyngb.), from cards, beautiful, and Oapvoor, a little shrub. Frons filiformis, ramosa, articulata, monosiphonia, caule ramisque majoribus (in pluribus) demum fibris decurrentibus interne vel externe evolutis corticatis v. firmatis ; ramulis semper pellucide articulatis. Fruct.: 1, favelle binate, axillares v. ad ramos sessiles, nude, sporas numerosas angulatas foventes ; 2, tetraspore nuda, ad ramulos sessiles v. pedicellate, triangule v. cruciatim divise. CaLLITHAMNION penicillatum ; tree-like; stem and branches thickly corti- cated throughout, decompoundly branched, ultra-setaceous ; branches nearly naked, or thinly beset with minute, byssoid, pencil-like, articu- lated ramuli; ramuli clothed with very slender, many times forked ramelli; articulations of the ramelli 4-5 times as long as broad; fruit unknown. C. penicillatum ; dendroideum, caule ramulisque crassissime corticatis decom- posite ramosis ultra-setaceis, ramis nudiusculis vel ramulis pusillis byssoideis penicillatis articulatis laxe obsessis, ramulis allerne ramelliferis, ramellis tenuissimis multoties dichotomis, ramellorum articulis diametro 4—5-plo longio- ribus ; fructu utriusque generis ignoto. CALLITHAMNION penicillatum, Harv. Alg. Austr. Evsic. n. 516. Hap. On the vesicles of MWacrocystis pyrifera, at Pert Plilip Heads, rare, W. Ho Hf. Groacr. Distr. South coast of Australia. Descr. Root a minute disc. Frond 2-3 inches high, and as much in the ex- pansion of the branches, thicker than bristle at base, gradually taper- ing upwards, irregularly branched, inarticulate, opaque, thickly coated with cortical cellules. Branches virgate, subsimple, alternate or secund, rarely subopposite, acute, the older ones naked or nearly so, the younger emitting minute pencil-like ramuli. Ramuli scarcely a line long, very slender, articulated, clothed with excessively minute, soft and slender many times forked ramelli. Articulations of the ramuli thrice, of the ramelli 4—5 times as long as broad. Jrwit unknown. Colour of the stem and branches dark red; of the ramuli rosy. Substance of the stem and branches cartilaginous, rather rigid; of the ramuli very soft and flaccid. In drying the plant adheres pretty freely to paper. LLL Eee A rare species, and only found, so far as I know, on the vesicles of A/acrocystis. It is at present doubtful whether this plant belongs to Callithamnion or to Wrangelia ; or whether it may not prove to be a species of Ziamnocarpus, if that genus is to be kept up. ‘There is a greater solidity and opacity of stem and branches than is common in Callithamnion, and the articu- lated ramuli are wholly out of proportion, in development, to the rest of the frond, though scarcely quite so much so as in Zham- nocarpus. ‘These ramuli, when the plant is steeped long in fresh water, turn to a dull green, but do not decay, while the rest of the frond retains its red colour: another circumstance anomalous in Callithamnion. I trust that some of the active algologists of Victoria may dis- cover the fruit, of both kinds, and thus enable us to fix the genus of this interesting Alga. Fig. 1. CALLITHAMNION PENICILLATUM, growing on a vesicle of Macrocystis, —the natural size. 2. Frustule of a branch, bearing one of the byssoid pencilled ramuli. 3. A ramellus from the same. 4. Transverse section of a branch. 5. Longitudinal section of the same :—the latter figures variously magnified. Ser. RuoposPERMEM. Ham. Spyridiacec. Pirate CCLXXIV. SPYRIDIA PROLIFERA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond filiform, pinnately decompound, articulated, but gra- dually becoming coated with a layer of small, coloured cellules ; branches and ramuli furnished with minute, bristle-shaped, articu- lated ramelli. Cystocarps terminating short branches, involucrated or naked, containing within a closed, membranous pericarp, numerous nucleoli of oblong spores. Zetraspores formed along the ramelli, ex- ternal, sessile, triangularly parted—Spyripia (Harv.), from orupes, a basket. Frons filiformis, pinnatim decomposita, articulata, sensim cellulis minutis colo- ratis corticata; ramis ramulisque ramellis articulatis setiformibus minutis plus minus instructis. Cystocarpia ramos breves terminantia, ramellis in- volucrata, v. nuda, intra pericarpium clausum membranaceum nucleolos plures sporarum oblongarum foventia. Tetraspore ad genicula ramellorum evolute, externa, sessiles, triangule divise. Spyripia prolifera; frond robust, tall, rigid, terete, inarticulate, very thickly corticated, sparingly and irregularly branched ; branches simple or forked, more or less beset with short, capillary, tufted, branched or simple, ramelliferous ramuli; ramelli setaceous, -jianiolre. acute ; tetraspores secund on the ramelli. S. prolifera; fronde robusta elata rigida tereti inartieulata crassissime corticata parce et vaye ramosa, ramis simplicibus furcatisve ramulis brevibus capillari- bus fasciculatis ramosis v. simpliciusculis ramelliferis plus minus obsessis, ramellis setaceis alternis acutis, tetrasporis ad ramellos secundis. Spyripi1a prolifera, Harv. MS. in Herb. T. C. D. Has. At Fremantle, Aug. 1854, rare, G. Clifton. Gerocr. Distr. West coast of Australia. Descr. foot and base of the frond unknown. Frond at least 8-10 inches long, probably much more, half a line to nearly a line in diameter, opaque, very thickly corticated with minute cellules, sparingly and irregularly branched. Branches virgate, 2-4 inches long, simple or forked, alternate or secund, spreading every way, either naked or irregularly beset with short branchlets. Branchlets springing horizontally from the stem and branches, in tufts or single, 3-5 lines in length, capillary, imperfectly articulate or subinarticu- late, branched or subsimple, densely clothed with minute ramelli. Ramelli a line long, alternate, pateut, subulate, acute, simple at the apex, articu- lated, slightly contracted at the dissepiments. Articulations as long as broad. Cystocarps unknown. ‘etraspores sessile on the inner surface of the ramelli. Colour of the stem and branches dark red; of the ramuli blood-red. Substance cartilaginous and rather rigid. In drying, the stem and branches adhere imperfectly, the ramuli more closely, to paper. A singular-looking Alga, remarkable for the great dispropor- tion between the diameter of the stem and branches and that of the ramuli. These latter seem to sprout out proliferously, at no certain point, without apparent order. It is possible that m the young plant there may be a greater gradation, and that the specimens here figured are plants of the second year, which had become denuded, and have pushed forth a new crop of young branches. Against this view it may be urged that no interme- diate state has yet been observed in the eight years that have elapsed since Mr. Clifton first collected this plant. Though the cystocarps are wnknown, it can scarcely be doubted that our plant is a Spyridia. I regret that the plate has been struck in too purple an ink. Hig. 1. SpyripIA PROLIFERA,—the natural size. 2. Portion of one the proli- ferous ramuli. 3. Ramelli, from the same, one of them bearing fe¢raspores. 4. A transverse section of a branch,—magnijied. ‘4 Cy BI SEAN Chey make e te ee : ‘S ( NAY Ni 7 ev " aya zg THERA ry J VN Wade NAY ARAN S RUN NX IN AY FS AANS Wigs ” oe ‘ dG i tae M i Ae a Ay Hoy) ' rw ve 6 UY ' \y } 4 ’ 4 i yo \ Ue H \ } yf oO F { my ; ut) if ol > Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Helminthocladea. Pratt CCLXXV. GALAXAURA CLIFTONI, Zar. Gry. Cuar. Frond dichotomous, thinly incrusted with carbonate of lime, constricted as if jointed, or continuous, composed of longitudinal, colourless, interwoven, and anastomosing medullary filaments, and closely placed, inflated or tabular, coloured peripheric cellules. Fruit unknown.—Gataxaura (Lamzx.), a classical name; one of the Oceanide of Hesiod. Frons dichotoma, calcareo-incrustata, articulato-constricta v. continua, plus minus transversim rugulosa, ex filis medullaribus tenuibus hyalinis longitudinalibus intertextis anastomosantibus, et cellulis periphericis subuniseriatis coloratis inflatis liberis v. complanatis, arcte coherentibus, formata. Fructus ignotus. Gataxaura (Microthoe) C7i/tonz ; frond cartilagineo-carnose, scarcely cal- careous, terete, dark brownish-purple, many times forked, fastigiate, tomentose ; superficial filaments once or twice forked, coloured, cy- lindrical, articulated, the jomts once and a half as long as broad. G. (Microthoe) Cliftoni; fronde cartilagineo-carnosa vix calcarea tereti fusco- purpurea decomposite dichotoma fastigiata tomentosa, tomenti filis furcatis colo- ratis cylindraceis articulatis, articulis diametro sesquilongioribus. Gaxaxaura (Microthoe) Cliftoni, Harv. in Herb. T. C. D. Has. At Fremantle, West Australia, G. Clifton. Attached to Codium to- mentosum, at Warnamboul, H. Watts, n. 100. Geroer. Distr. West and south coasts of Australia. Descr. foot and base of the stem not known to me. Fronds (probably several from the same base) 6—8 inches long, and as much in the expansion of the branches, a line or rather more in diameter, terete, many times forked, fas- tigiate, with rounded axils and blunt apices. Every portion of the frond is densely coated with horizontal, hairlike, jointed filaments, issuing from the longitudinal threads of which the frond is chiefly formed. The aspect to the naked eye is as if the branches were covered with a velvety pile of threads. These are once or twice forked, cylindrical, articulated, the arti- culations coloured, and about once and half as long as broad. Fructification unknown. Colour, a dark brownish-purple or dingy red. The sudstance is far less calcareous than in most other species of Galaxaura, and is firmly car- tilaginous and elastic, shrinking somewhat in drying. The plant adheres firmly to paper in drying. The frond, in this species, secretes much less calcareous mat- ter than in most others of the genus, being nearly as soft as in Liagora, to which genus it might be referred with nearly as much propriety as to Galavaura; indeed it may be regarded as a connecting link between these genera. I refer it in preference to Galaxaura, because of its obvious affinity with G. marginata, which in the young state produces terete tomentose fronds. In our present plant such continues to be the mode of growth to maturity, without any disposition to form the flattened, smooth branches which mark the mature stage of @. marginata. Fig. 1. Frond of GaLaxaura CLIFTONI,—the natural size. 2. Portion of an upper branch. 3. Longitudinal section of the frond. 4. Forked peripheric filaments :—magnified. Plate CCLAAVIAS “4 Teo | =—BSol040 { t a 3 a oe « So eaae' = Viner nt Brooks) iim er. RuoposPERMEM. Fam. Rhodymeniacee. Puate CCLXXVI. RHODOPHYLLIS BARKERIA, Harv. Grn. Cuan. Frond flat, membranous, dichotomously or pinnately decom- pound, mostly margined with leafy or slender processes, and com- posed of two strata of cells ; the medullary stratum formed of roundish- angular cells, the cortical of coloured cellules in one or few rows. Fructification ; 1, marginal, external conceptacles, containing within a pericarp formed of radiating filaments, a compound nucleus, formed of bundles of spore-threads radiating from a basal (or central) pla- centa ; 2, zonate ¢etraspores, immersed in the peripheric cells of the segments or marginal processes.— RHODOPHYLLIS (Kvtz.),from podeos, red, and gurror, a leaf. Frons plana, membranacea, dichotome v. pinnatim decomposita, segmentisque ciliisve marginalibus obsita, stratis duobus contexta ; strato medullari cellulis rotundato-angulatis, corticali cellulis coloratis unt- v. pauci-seriatis composito. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia marginalia, externa, pericarpio filis moniliformibus radiantibus conflato munita, nucleum compositum ex fasciculis filorum radian- tium formatum foventia ; filis demum in sporas solutis ; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise, fronde v. lacinulis marginalibus immerse. Ruovornyiiis Barkeria ; frond cuneate at base, expanded upwards, mul- tifid ; lacinize broad, oblong or cuneate, the smaller ones lanceolate, subacute, with rounded axils ; ; cystocarps very numerous, thickly scat- tered over the surface of the larger laciniz. R. Barkerie ; fronde basi cuneata sursum expansa multifida, laciniis latis oblongis v. cuneatis, minoribus lanceolatis subacutis, axillis rotundatis, cystocarpis nu- merosissimis per lacinias majores densissime sparsis. RuwopornHyuuis Barkerize ; Harv. in Herb. T. C. D. CALLOPHYLLIS? expansa, Harv. Alg. dustr. Exsic. n. 390. Has. Philip Island, Western Port, VW. 1. H., Cape Shank, Mrs. Barker. Grocr. Distr. South coast of Australia. Descr. Root a small disc. Frond rising with a cuneate base from a minute stem, rapidly expanding into a membrane 10-15 inches long, and as much or more in the expansion of the laciniee. The frond is deeply divided, nearly to the base, into two or more principal lacinize, which are from one to two inches wide ; these are variously cleft, sometimes in a subdichotomous, more frequently in a subpinnatifid manner ; some of the minor ones being se- cundly multifid, others pinnate. The axils throughout are rounded, and the apices more or less acute. The margin is smooth and flat, or slightly undulate, sometimes bearing proliferous, lanceolate leaflets. Cystocarps very numerous and prominent, globose, thickly scattered over the surface, prin- cipally in the middle region of the frond, sometimes covering the lateral segments. edraspores unknown. Colour, a vivid rosy or blood-red, or a deep lake. Swdstance, rather thickish membranous, soft, succulent, closely adhering to paper in drying. In 1855 I collected a few specimens of this plant, without fruit, and, guided by external habit, referred them provisionally to Callophyllis ; but a fine specimen in fruit recently received from Mrs. Barker proves the plant to be properly referable to Rhodophyllis. 1 take advantage of this change of generic name to alter the specific name also ; and in now dedicating the species to Mrs. Barker, I wish to present my best thanks to that lady for several parcels of well selected and admirably preserved spe- cimens of Algee, collected at Cape Shank, a locality as yet unvi- sited by any other collector. I am also indebted to Dr. Miller for his kindness in transmitting Mrs. Barker’s parcels. Fig. 1. Segment of a frond of RHopoPHYLLIs BARKERI#,—the natural size. 2. Section of the membrane of the frond. 38. Section through a cystocarp. 4, Strings of spores from the same :—magnijied. ee _— = | = ‘ ie yy a aca We re . U ) 7 % _ j > =" 7 - . j 7 ' ast = or ' Ve 7 ‘ . ‘ ’ Py e ' . - - ' a4 ‘ 7 : ra - * ‘ ! ‘ f pity ms é = . ¢ Ser. RuoposPERMES. Fam. Cryptonemiacee. Pirate CCLXXVII. SCHIZYMENIA? BULLOSA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond flat, thickish, entire or torn, formed of two strata; the medullary of sparingly branched, densely interwoven, jointed threads; the cortical of moniliform threads, vertical to the surface, and set in firm gelatine. ructification: 1, favelle, immersed in the substance of the frond, simple, containing within a gelatinous envelope a mass of roundish spores; 2, cruciate tetraspores, dispersed through the outer stratum of the frond.—Scnizymenta (J. 4g.), from oyilo, to cut, and dunv, a membrane. Frons carnoso-plana, integra aut lacerata, duplici strato cellularum constituta ; medullari filis articulatis parce ramosis densissime intertextis constante ; cor- ticali filis moniliformibus verticalibus muco cohibitis contexto. Favelle infra stratum exterius utrinque nidulantes, simplices, intra periderma gelatinosum hyalinum sporas rotundatas, demum per canalem strato exterioris liberatas, foventes. Tetraspore strato exteriort demerse, sparse, cruciatim divise. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2, p. 169. ScuizyMEntA Judlosa ; stipitate; stipes very thick and fleshy, cylindrical ; frond umbilicate-cordate, horizontal, irregular in outline, carnoso- membranaceous, crumpled all over. S. bullosa; stipitata; stipite crassissimo carnoso-corneo cylindraceo ; fronde basi umbilicato-cordata horizontali subrotundata v. varie fissa aut omnino irrequlart carnoso-membranacea bullata. SCHIZYMENIA ? bullosa, Harv. in Herb. T. C. D. Has. Fremantle, W. H. H., G. Clifton. Groar. Distr. West coast of Australia. Drscr. Root unknown. Stipes 1-1} inches long, 4—5 lines in diameter at base, 2-3 lines at the summit, terete, rigid and horny, emitting from its summit a horizontally spreading frond. Frond imperfectly umbilicate or somewhat peltate-cordate at base, the basal lobes overlapping each other, roundish reniform in general outline, 6-12 or more inches in diameter, the margin undulate or repand, variously torn and at length very irregular. The surface of the lamina is generally very much puckered or bullated with convexities and opposite concavities, only in the young state tolerably flat. No fruit has been observed. The colour is a pale red, or somewhat sanguineous, fading to yellow. The substance is soft, thickish-membranous, lubricous and elastic. In drying, the frond shrinks unequally, and closely adheres to paper. PR PPL PIPL PLP LDL PIL PL IEIIII If this be not a very lovely, at least it is a very remarkable Alga, combining as it does something of the habit of Constan- tinea with the structure and substance of Schizymenia, in which latter genus, until its fruit be ascertained, it may be placed pro- visionally. The enormously thick stipes is so very strange and anomalous, that on first inspection of the dried specimens I sup- posed it to be some extraneous body to which the membrane had attached itself. A careful examination shows that this is not the case. Probably the stipes may be perennial, like that of a Laminaria, producing an annual frond from the summit. ‘The frond seems to expand horizontally, like the peltate leaf of a Water-lily, and it would merely require the cohesion of the large basal lobes to render it completely peltate. Though I collected fragments cast ashore at Fremantle, in 1854, Mr. Clifton has the merit of having first discovered the stipes. I presume his speci- mens were collected on the beach, as the base of the stem seems wanting. A fragment from Mr. Clifton of what, from its bul- lated surface and substance, appears to belong to this species, in- duces me to suppose that the lamina, when full grown, attains much larger dimensions than above given. It may perhaps be two or three feet across ! Fig. 1. ScHIZYMENIA BULLOSA,—the natural size. 2. Section, showing the structure of the frond,—magnified. ; : Plate CCLXAVITL. “> q 3 4 ; aa (a ; =< Sek is =~, \ ~ es ame Ser. RHODOSPERME.#. Fam. Rhodomelacee. Prats CCLXXVIII. DASYA SARCOCAULON, Zar. Gun. Cuan. Frond filiform or compressed, dendroid; stem and branches coated with small, polygonal cells (rarely articulated, and many-tubed) ; the axis articulate, composed of several radiating cells surrounding a central cavity; ramelli articulated, one-tubed. Fruetification: 1, ovate or urceolate ceramidia; 2, lanceolate stichidia, attached to the ramelli, and containing triangularly-parted tetraspores in transverse rows.—Dasya (dy.), from dacus, hairy. Frons filiformis v. compressa, dendroidea. Caulis ramique majores strato cel- lularum corticati (raro pellucide articulati), ramellis monosiphontis obsessi ; axis articulatus, ex cellulis pluribus radiantibus tubum centralem cingentibus formatus. Fruct.: 1, ceramidia ovata v. urceolata ; 2, stichidia lanceolata, ex ramellis enata, tetrasporas transversim ordinatas foventia. Dasya sarcocaulon ; frond rosy, dendroid, forked or subsimple, very thick and succulent, alternately decompound; stem and branches thickly corticated with minute cellules, glabrous, beset with short brush-like ramuli; ramuli subulate or filiform, spreading to all sides, clothed with short, very slender, taper-pointed, dichotomous ramelli; articu- lations of the ramelli about thrice as long as broad. D. sarcocaulon ; fronde rosea dendroidea simpliciuscula v. furcata crassissiina succulenta alterne decomposita ; caule ramisque cellulis minimis omnino cor- ticatis glabris ramulis ornatis; ramulis brevibus scopaformibus subulatis quoquoversum egredientibus rainellis obsessis ; ramellis tenuissimis dichotomis apice attenuatis ; articulis ramellorum diametro triplo longioribus. Dasya sarcocaulon, Harv. in Herb. T. C.D. Has. Fremantle, Aug., 1858. G. Clifton. (No. 8.) Geocr. Distr. Western Australia. Descr. Root unknown. Frond at least 4-5 inches long (but probably much more), 1-2 lines in diameter, opaque and thickly coated with small cells throughout, tapering to the ends of the branches, irregularly divided, but (comparatively) not much branched. Stem and branches quite glabrous, bare of ramelli; the branches spreading to all sides, sometimes bearing a second series of similar branches, which, as well as the primary, are sprinkled with short ramuli. These ramuli are patent, either awl-shaped or thread-shaped, opaque, and beset on all sides with very slender, minute, dichotomous ramelli. Ramelli scarcely a line, often not half a line in length, articulated; their articulations thrice as long as broad. ructification un- known. Colour a rosy red. Substance soft, succulent. In drying the whole plant closely adheres to paper. This species belongs to the same group as D. zaccarioides and D. elongata, but differs by the remarkably thick and succulent stem and branches, and something in the general aspect and substance. Until its fruit be known, however, some doubt may rest upon its specific distinctness. The substance is so soft, and has so combined with the paper on which the specimens are pre- served, that I have not been able to give a cross cutting of the stem. The specimens appear as if broken off from a much larger frond, none of them having a base. Possibly they may be merely upper branches. In this case, judging by the diameter of the broken stump, the main frond may be some feet in length. I hope this figure may induce Mr. Clifton to look after this plant again. Fig. 1. Dasya sarcocauLon,—the natural size. 2. Apex of a ramulus, with its ramelli. 3. Ramellus,—magnijfied. Pate CCLAXIX fs. oS BMY A ANN ay, An, FFE AAI WN sys yy / Z, “a % AAA — Ser. RHODOSPERME. Fam. Rhodomelacea. Prate CCLXXIX. CLIFTONZA LAMOUROUXII, Hav. Gun. Cuar. Frond stipitate, formed of secundly proliferous, halved, pec- tinate phyllodia. P/yllodia costate, with diverse sides ; one side flat, areolate, membranous, very entire; the other pectinatopartite. Fructi- fication wiknown.—Curonta (Harv.*), in honour of George Clifton, Esq., R.N., the indefatigable and successful explorer of the Alge of Western Australia. Frons stipitata, ex phyllodiis secunde proliferis hemiphyllis hine pectinatis evoluta. Phyllodia costata, lateribus diversis ; uno latere plano areolato membranaceo integerrimo, altero pectinatopartito. Hructus ignotus. Curronma Lamourouwii; phyllodia scimitar-shaped, semipinnate, their laciniz cultrate, flat, toothed on the lower margin, shorter than the breadth of the lamina. C. Lamourouxii; phyllodiis acinaciformibus semipinnatis, laciniis cultratis planis hine denticulatis lamine latiuscule latitudine subbrevioribus. Cuirronta Lamourouxii, Harv. Phyc. Austr. sub. t. C. Amanstra semipennata, Lamour. Ess. p. 55. t. 5. f. 4, 5; dg. Sp. Aly. 1. p. 195; Kitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 447; Syst. p. Has. W. Coast of Australia, Peron. Grocer. Distr. ? Descr. Root unknown to me. Stem 1-2 inches long, nearly a line in diameter, coriaceous, rigid when dry, arched, naked, or more or less fringed on the concave side with the remains of pinnules. Phyllodia numerous, springing from the convex side of the stem, 2-4 inches long, nearly } inch wide, scimitar-shaped, the older ones with a valid costa, the younger with a very slender one. ‘The outer or convex side of the phyllodium is winged with a semilanceolate, transversely striate, delicately membranous lamina, 2 or 3 lines in width, composed of oblong, hexagonal cellules, set in horizontal rows, all of equal length, and about twice or thrice as long as their diameter. The internal or concave side is closely pinnulated with a double row of cul- trate lacinia, which are rather shorter than the width of the opposite lamina. These dacinia are flat and leaflike, and composed, like the opposing lamina, of hexagonal, oblong cellules, regularly disposed in transverse lines ; they are nearly straight, and quite entire on the upper margin, curved and denticulate on the lower; the form is almost exactly that of a coulter. The * Originally published as Oliftonia; now altered to Cliftonea, in order to distinguish it from Cliftonia, Banks, which supersedes by four years’ earlier date the Mylocaryum of Willdenow.—W. H. I. colour, in our specimen, has completely faded ; it is probably a crimson-lake or purple. The substance is membranous, and rather rigid, and in drying the frond imperfectly adheres to paper. No fructification observed. This, which is perhaps the very rarest of all Australian Alga, is also, next to Claudea, the most remarkable in form and evo- lution. I am therefore unwilling to close the ‘Puycotoeta Ats- TRALICA, without giving as satisfactory a figure of it as I am able, although my materials for so doing are very incomplete. Not having myself collected it, and not having received it from any of my many friends in Australia, I have used, in making the analysis, a small specimen formerly given by Lamouroux to Daw- son Turner, and now in the Hookerian Herbarium. The larger upper figure has been made partly from this specimen and partly adapted from Lamouroux’s plate. ‘Though it may not be quite true to nature, it will, I trust, be found tolerably characteristic, and is the best I can supply. The exact part of the coast where Peron collected this rarity is unknown; probably it was on the western or north-western seaboard. Mr. Clifton may yet have the honour of re-discovering the present species, as he has exclusively that of discovering its ally, C. pectinata (Pl. C.). The fruit of both species is still a desideratum. Fig. 1. Currronma LamMovurovuxtt,—the natural size. 2. Portion of a phyl- lodium ; one of the lacinize,—magnified. Plate CCLUL. %, OL wy 925, 3 BIg @ 5G SS; 0) Oe gS @ D 12 ORs "a ‘OW, | a Oven negne Oey, [) QA rE As PERE ia mae & E / a Ma tas Al vd > re, Ser. RuoposPeERME. Fam. Ceramiacee Pilar COLL X XI: CALLITHAMNION FORMOSUM, Zarv. Guy. Cuar. Frond filiform, branched, articulated, monosiphonous, the stem and branches (in many species) at length thickened internally, or coated externally with decurrent filaments; ramuli always pellucidly articulate and monosiphonous. Fructification: 1, favelle generally in pairs, axillary or sessile on the branches, naked, containing nume- rous angular spores; 2, ¢e¢raspores naked, sessile or pedicellate, dis- tributed on the ramuli, generally triangularly parted. —CaLLirHaMNION (Lyngh.), from Kadrus, beautiful, and Oapoy, a little shrub. Frons filiformis, ramosa, articulata, monosiphonia, caule ramisque majoribus (in pluribus) demum fibris decurrentibus interne vel externe evolutis corticatis v. firmatis ; ramulis semper pellucide articulatis. Fruct.: 1, favelle binate, axillares v. ad ramos sessiles, nude, sporas numerosas angulatas foventes ; 2, tetraspore nude, ad ramulos sessiles v. pedicellate, triangule v. cruciatim divise. CantitHAMNion formosum; frond slender, elongate, distichous, decom- pound-pinnate, all the divisions alternate ; stem and primary branches ‘opaque, corticated and minutely hispid; penultimate branches (p/u- mules) about tripinnate, lanceolate ; pinnee erecto-patent, their articu- lations about twice as long as broad; tetraspores solitary, below the tips of the ultimate pinnules. C. formosum ; fronde setacea elongata disticha decomposite pinnata alterne di visa; caule ramisque primariis opacis corticatis hispidulis, plumulis subtri- pinnatis, pinnis erecto-patentibus, earum articulis diametro 2-3-plo longiori- bus ; tetrasporis infra apicem pinnularum solitariis, sessilibus. CALLITHAMNION formosum, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 515. Has. Port Philip Heads, W. HH. H. Grocr. Distr. South coast of Australia. Descr. Root asmall disc. Frond 6-8 inches long, and as much in the exten- sion of the branches, distichous, alternately decompound, many times pin- nate, feathery. Stem setaceous below, capillary above, alternately branched ; both stem and branches opaque, coated with two or three rows of small cellules, and covered with short, patent, jointed hairs. Branches lanceolate in outline, alternately plumulate. Plumules also lanceolate, pellucidly arti- culate, about thrice pinnate, the pinnee and pinnules erecto-patent, alternate. Apices blunt. Articulations of the pinnules twice or thrice as long as broad, cylindrical. Zavelle unknown. Tetraspores sessile, globose, solitary on the sides of the uppermost pinnules, just below the apex. Colowr a beautiful rose-red. Substance soft, but not gelatinous. It soon decomposes in fresh water, giving out colour, and in drying most closely adheres to paper. enn A truly beautiful species, even in the section (that of C. ro- seum) of the beautiful genus to which it belongs. It is also among the rarer of the Victorian species, if I may judge from the few specimens I was myself able to secure, and from never ha- ving received it from Dr. Mueller, or any other of my liberal correspondents in Victoria. Its characters are so distinct, that there is little need to compare it with any other. The likeness which it bears to C. comosum is an external one merely, the microscopic characters being completely different, these species belonging, indeed, to different sections of the genus. From C. thuyoideum, C. gracillimum, and others of similar aspect, the opaque stem, coated with cells and rough with short spreading hairs, at once distinguishes it. Vig. 1. CaALLITHAMNION FORMOSUM,—+¢he natural size. 2. Apex of a branch, with lateral plumules. 3. Apex of a plumule, bearing ¢edraspores. 4, A pinnule and tetraspore. 5. Cross section of the stem. 6. Small portion of the stem :—magnified. Plate CCLAAAL. Vincent Brooks, ip Ser. RHoposPERMEX. Kam. Rhodymeniavee. Puates CCLXXXII. ARESCHOUGIA? DUMOSA, Zar. Gen. Cuar. Frond compressed or filiform, vaguely branched, composed of an articulated axile filament, and three (rarely but two) strata of cells ; medullary stratum consisting of longitudinal, anastomosing, inter- woven filaments ; the zn¢termediate (sometimes absent) of several rows of roundish, coloured cells; the cor¢ticat of minute, vertically seriated cellules. ructification: 1, conceptacles immersed in the frond, very rarely external, suspended among the filaments of the medullary stra- tum, and enclosed in a network of filaments, opening by an external pore, and containing moniliform strings of spores, radiating from a central placenta; spores roundish ; 2, zonate ¢e¢raspores, formed in the cortical stratum of the ramuliimAruscuoveta (Harv.), in honour of Dr. J. KH. Areschoug, Professor of Botany at Upsal, a distinguished algologist. Frons compressa v. filiformis, vage ramosa, tmmerse costata, e filo centrali articu- lato et stratis fere tribus cellularum constituta. Stratum medullare e filis articulatis longitudinalibus anastomosuntibus intertextis ; intermedium (nunc deficiens) e cellulis rotundatis majusculis pluriseriatis, corticale e cellulis mi- nimis verticalibus formatum. Fruct.: 1, cystocarpia fronde immersa raris- sime externa, inter fila strati medullaris suspensa, reticulo filorum velata, carpostomio demum aperta, fila sporifera moniliformia a placenta centrali emissa continentia ; spore subrotunde ; 2, tetraspore zonatim divise, inter cellulas corticales ramulorum nidulantes. Argscnovueia dumosa ; frond dendroid, bushy, terete; stem subundivided, alternately branched, the branches to all sides emitting slender, dicho- tomo-multifid, crowded, divaricating, obtuse ramuli; fruit. ..? A. dumosa ; fronde dendroidea dumosa tereti, caule simpliciusculo ramis alternis lateralibus onusto, ramis Tamulos setaceos dichotomo-multifidos creberrimos divaricatos obtusos quoquoversum emittentibus ; fructu...? ArescuouGcia? dumosa, Harv. MSS. in Herb. T.C_D. Has. Cast ashore at Warnamboul, March, 1860, H. Watts (No. 122). Groer. Distr. South coast of Australia. Descr. Root unknown. Fond cylindrical, 2-3 inches long, and as much‘in the spread of the branches, densely bushy and excessively ramulous. Stem undivided, 4 line in diameter at base, slightly tapering upwards, throughout beset with horizontally patent, similar branches. Branches densely covered with slender, divaricating, many times forked or irregularly multifid ramuli. These are $ to 4 inch long, as thick as bristles, irregularly intermixed, long and short together, and spreading to all sides. No fructification observed. The colour is a very dark, red-brown, becoming nearly black in drying. The structure is that proper to the genus, the peripheric layer being very largely developed. The substance is rigid, almost wiry when dry, in which state the plant does not adhere to paper. The genus