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. LIBRARY ‘
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A Phytogeographic and Taxonomic
Study of the Southern California
Trees and Shrubs

By LEROY ABRAMS

Reprinted from the BULLETIN of the New YorK Boranicat GARDEN, Vol. VI., No. 21

Issued in advance, September, 1910

y saul

Me
in

A PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC AND TAXONOMIC
STUDY: OF THE SOUTHERN CAEI-
FORNIA ‘TREES AND SHRUBS

BY LEROY ABRAMS

[From the BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, Vol. 6,
No. 21. IgI0.]

A Phytogeographic and Taxonomic Study of the Southern
California Trees and Shrubs

By LeRoy Asrams

CONTENTS
PAGE
PrETACE si) so hd ic ce doelens obo 6 sis vwleaie'e wlio, ovale bie e.n\e\\0.eyee ean 300
Anmtrod ucts. 6 ciosc ice w/a ods ss sinless bie-e'e dle 0/6, + \efeu eie ce sheet 301
Physiography 0 255 cc's siecs oe os see oe lel oie wilelons iene tne ener 301
Climatology 2.2 '.. ccc 's viele cic elo ve wee wlela isle!» she lel Eisen 304
General description 6 0.2... 62. a sisls oleic ese ciel telel ei aete ea 304.
Temperature and rainfall records... 522. -+)o5 =e ee eee 305
Phytogeoeraphic features .:.....06 65 0. alc «cvs 0) le wie 2 eee eee eee 307
General description. ..).....0 sec ss ie one ne pie oles ieee ee 307
Boreal region .. 01. 0002 22 ds reeled a ol 2p Wien ce er 308
General deseription oi...) ./)e/5 5 sss in a! 0 'e4 ole 308
Canadian Zone. oi. heise a ee eid oe Gib stelle) s eee eee 308
Austral region. «5.3% sk aoe hadley os, 8 Seer 310
General description’. .13.0)5 225%. ¢c)iele oy oclels 2 jolene eee ee 310
Transition zone’ i's 3/52 42).5 0s). «o's hers sige o<s eee 310
Upper austral zones: s)0.2 od o.oo so te 2 = i Sire,
General description’. 2/4). i.1, oe 0c ise > 2 ee eee 312
Coastal slope. os 2. /e. ek a 5 aes siw sue oe os ale etree nr 312
Desert slopes: ci sas etec's 46 4's sas baleen ore een 317
Lower austral Zon. 65.0). 5 ob ale in oa cpeieim etki ohe eee 318
General description : 0. 2. ..).).'. 4/s/-.9)- ss ee 318
Interior valleys... 205.60). .0+. «004 nee 319
San Diego districts)... cicysic oie icles etree tee eee eee 319
Mohave desert.’ .i¢\. tiv. J2 v's cic babe ot oie bie eters eee ee 320
Colorado desert .:.:60.4.5 5 0)250,s\00 5 4s + es bie el 321
Explanation of iplates i) 3.00001. 0. «cies =e fn elas cele ee 322
Annotated catalogue of the southern California trees and shrubs......... 323
PREFACE

In the study of the trees and shrubs of southern California I have
endeavored to discuss the phytogeographic as well as the taxonomic
features, as trees and shrubs, being long-lived and non-migratory,
furnish excellent materia! for phytogeographic observations.
The present paper is the result of field studies carried on along
these lines for a number of years, together with an examination of
specimens in the principal herbaria of the United States.

Many helpful suggestions in the study of the phytogeographical

( 300)

( 301 ) eth | H

problems have been obtained from Coville’s “Botany of the Death
Valley Expedition,” Parish’s “Sketch of the Flora of Southern
California,” and Hall’s “Survey of San Jacinto Mountain,” as
well as from Merriam’s paper dealing with his system of life zones,
which latter I have adopted.

Acknowledgments are most heartily given to the following
persons for the loan of material, or for assistance in determining
questions of taxonomy and nomenclature: Dr. B. L. Robinson,
Mr. F. V. Coville, Dr. J. N. Rose, Dr. J. K. Small, Dr. P. A. Ryd-
berg, Dr. H. M. Hall, Mr. S. B. Parish, Dr. A. Davidson, Mr.
W. F. Wight, Mr. C. R. Ball, Mr. P. L. Ricker, Mrs. K. Bran-
degee and Miss M. A. Day.

To Professor W. R. Dudley, who has courteously given much
time and valuable assistance, and through whose advice and en-
couragement I undertook the study of the southern California flora,
and to Dr. N. L. Britton, who has given valuable aid in carrying
on these studies, is due whatever merit this paper may possess.

INTRODUCTION
PHYSIOGRAPHY

Southern California is the name popularly applied to that part
of the State of California which lies south of Point Conception
and the Tehachapi Mountains, a territory lying between 32° 35’
and 35° 45’ north latitude, and extending from the 37th to the
43d meridian west. Its western boundary is the Pacific Ocean,
its southern Lower California, and its eastern the Colorado River,
which separates it from Arizona. On the north the boundary
is formed by the crosss ranges which break up the general trend
of the Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada. Its line extends
from Point Conception eastward along the Santa Ynez Mountains,
Mount Pinos, and the Tehachapi Mountains to the southern ex-
tremity of the Sierra Nevada, thence eastward to the southern
boundary of Nevada. East of the Sierra Nevada the northern
boundary is arbitrary, as the Mohave Desert merges into the desert
regions northward and eastward with no definite line of demar-
cation.

The area comprised within these boundaries is approximately
113,250 square kilometers, a little over one fourth that of the
entire State. ‘The greatest width from east to west is 520 kilo-

( 302 )

meters, and from north to south 350 kilometers. Southern Cali-
fornia covers an area somewhat greater than the entire State of
Pennsylvania. If placed on the northern Atlantic coast it would
extend east and west from Boston to Buffalo, and southward as
far as Philadelphia.

The topography is broken and irregular, with numerous moun-
tain ranges separated by narrow passes or valleys of greater or
less extent. The main axis of these mountains lies generally
parallel with the coast at a distance of 40 to 120 kilometers inland.
At intervals of 60 to 100 kilometers narrow passes divide this axis
into several rather distinct sections. Of these sections the north-
ernmost, which lies between Tejon and Soledad Passes, is composed
of a series of comparatively low, chaparral-covered mountains,
the culminating peak of which (Liebre Mountain) is only 1737
meters above the sea. South of Soledad Pass, between it and
Cajon Pass, are the rugged peaks of the San Gabriel Mountains,
which rise abruptly out of the coastal valleys to altitudes ranging
from 1800 to over 3000 meters (Mount San Antonio =3024 meters).
The San Bernardino Mountains, although less broken and irreg-
ular, reach even higher altitudes. In this range, which is separated
by the narrow Cajon Pass from the San Gabriel Mountains, is
the highest mountain south of the Sierra Nevada (San Gorgonio,
3428 meters). Extending southeastward from Mount San Gorgonio,
at a much lower altitude, are the desert ranges, the Cottonwood
and the Chuckawalla Mountains, which separate the Mohave
and the Colorado Deserts. ‘To the southward, again, between
the Colorado Desert and the coastal region, rise the San Jacinto
Mountains. The eastern base of Mount San Jacinto, the highest
peak in this range, rests almost directly upon the low depressions
of the Colorado Desert (Palm Springs, altitude 137 meters) while
its summit, scarcely eight miles distant in an air line, rises with an
almost sheer ascent to 3242 meters. South of the San Jacinto
Mountains are the less rugged Palomar, Santa Rosa, and Cuia-
maca Mountains. This series of mountain ranges divides the
deserts from the coastal region, and is one of the principal factors
which influence the climate of southern California.

The arid desert country east of the mountains, comprising over
one half the entire area of southern California, is separated by the
Cottonwood and Chuckawalla Mountains into two distinct
divisions, the Mohave and the Colorado Deserts.

( 303 )

The Mohave Desert, which lies to the north of the dividing
ranges, is triangular in outline and covers an area of approximately
51,200 square kilometers. Itis chiefly an arid plateau with an
elevation of 300 to 900 meters, but north of our limits is the low
depression of Death Valley which is nearly 90 meters below sea
level. The broad level expanse is broken here and there by short
isolated ranges or “lone mountains,” the rocky barren slopes of
which, save for their talus bases, rise abruptly from the floor-like
plain. Between these elevations are numerous low depressions
which have become sinks or “‘dry lakes.” ‘The surfaces of these
are frequently crusted over with the deposits of soluble salts, and
the margins lined with characteristic saline vegetation.

To the south of the Cottonwood and the Chuckawalla Moun-
tains lies the Colorado Desert, which extends southward along
the gulf slope of Lower California, and eastward into southern
Arizona and northwestern Sonora. Within the boundaries of
California this desert, the area of which occupies a little over
16,000 square kilometers, is principally the dry bed of a large
inland sea or lake, with pebble-covered beaches that are still
clearly discernible along the base of the surrounding mountains.
At one time this depression was a continuation of the Gulf of Cali-
fornia, from which it was cut off in comparatively recent times.
This separation was accomplished partly, perhaps, by a slight
elevation of the land between the vicinity of Yuma and the Cocopa
Mountains, but chiefly by the delta formed at the mouth of
the Colorado River, which latter carries great quantities of
silt. Inward from the gravelly rim of the depression the character
of the soil gradually changes from a sandy loam into the heaviest
of clays, while the center, now covered by an accidental over-
flow from the Colorado River, is normally a salt bed several feet
in thickness.

On the western or coastal side of the mountains the foot-hills
and mountains give way here and there to valleys often of con-
siderable extent. These valleys are mainly very fertile, supporting
a luxuriant vegetation wherever water is plentiful, but areas of
low alkaline soil, or dry gravelly mesas or washes are frequently
interspersed. Along the southern base of the San Gabriel and
the San Bernardino Mountains the original floor of the valley
has been buried by debris of gravel and coarse sands, washed down
by the winter torrents from the steep mountain slopes. Here

( 304 )

and there, however, isolated hills or elevated mesas, projecting
above the talus, remain as indicators of the original sedimentary
deposits. This large interior valley is separated from the low
valley along the coast of Los Angeles and Orange Counties by
the Santa Ana Mountains, and a series of low hills which connect
them with the Santa Monica Mountains. North of this last
range is the low coastal valley of Ventura County, the only
other valley of any considerable area on the western side of the
mountains.
CLIMATOLOGY

GENERAL DEscRIPTION

There is great diversity of climate, due principally to topography,
a factor which exerts a marked influence in southern California,
since the principal mountain ranges lie transversely to the path
of the prevailing winds and storms. Asa rule, however, the climate
is one of scant precipitation and high temperatures, conditions
that become more and more pronounced toward the interior, away
from the ameliorating influences of the cool moist sea-breeze. ‘The
rainfall is chiefly confined to the winter and early spring months,
the dry summer and autumn having almost continual sunshine.
Precipitation is greatest in the mountains, with an average annual
rainfall in some localities exceeding 100 centimeters, and least in
the Colorado Desert, where it is less than 5 centimeters in some
sections. Fully as great extremes are found in temperatures.
On a winter day, for instance, one may stand among blooming
roses or in orange groves laden with ripe fruit, and watch the
snow, driven by piercing winds, drifting about the rugged peaks
of the neighboring mountains.

The following temperature and rainfall records have been
compiled from McAdie’s “Climatology of California’:

( 305 )

‘TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL REcoRDS
NormMat MontuHiy AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE ReEcorRpDS, ExPRESSED IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

Altitude Length :

Station. eat of records | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | April | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec.
in years

ANGELO tego aye 134 23 Bare | 66.2. | 59.2 |62.8 |-66.7° | 60:8 172.4) 199.44 71.0 |. 60.6 || 6r1-| 66
Cabazonte.cns Set Bahr ke) 5 bi Sa.7 56.1. | 62.2 | 65.02) 75-6 | 82.9.) Fon le eco G7.§ | 62.651 orao
Claremont: >)... s.5;) i200 9 40:7 | 51.6 | 5900. ] 57.1 | Go.7 | 66,770 75-0 | FOG: 60.2. | 6264/6 4,3; ann,
ColtGn scene <s 965 24 BOG. 53:2 | S7et | Gta) Ge.5 | 74.25) 78.8 | 78g | 73.801, Guealeg7is cl 6 a.0
Hlsinore ..... Be aaa 1c 6 BOS | 55.0 | 50.9 O97 |-G6.0"| V1.6 >| Fe.4| 7 7.Eor gase, | tob2O | gO.2 |_ 52,0
Escondido..... ie 650 7 496" |52.0 | pag | 5863 | 62161) 6769 | 92-6" | 72% (eGoOc| OT Gh) ob ee| cack
Mernandow seen 1066 23 BOS: (69-0. | 5604 OEE | O47 |) 70.te| F479 | 96a | 9s ogee | 5 Oe sane
UB ekaltokese ptarteee Pete 20 De: 52.9 | 58:7. | 65.3 | 72.5 | 80.n | 88.3 | 94.5 | 93.0 | 86.5 | yea. | G26 |) 56.6
Manzaniaeen. 5 he 2850 7 42-4 || 4456 | 47-551 54-0 4). 68-2-1 92.3" | (Bo.r 78.4: |. Pia | Gort | ert | aed.
Mohsve:te . tan) 2789 24 4533") 48:8 | 53.55) 59.7 | GB.0 | 77-55") 8e.% | 84.20) 97979" | O50 eae oaGse
Needles... ... eat 491 9 52-4 -|.57.8 | 64.8 | 72.2 | 80.2 | 87.8 | O4.4 |92.3 -| Sac7 | 728) | 60.5578
Newhall ...... itt| L200 24 47:9 | 50:2" | §4s1 |. 58.9: | 64.0 | 70.7 | 766 197.9 | 9 Tes | (G2:F | ba.8 |e 46.5
Palm Springs... 584 12 B53 (E5O7 1 Obl | 7a,0"). 84.2 | 90:6) 97-7" | OR.2. | 68:2 (7 aee Ose) eee er
POWAY cee as cia : 460 17 48.0 | 49.5 | 52.4 | 55.8 | 60.6 | 65.1 | 68.9 | 69.6 | 65.9 | 59.4 | 53.5 | 51.1
Redlands: <3: ...0%%1- 1935 8 50.8 +|. $2.2) 54.7 | Git | 65.8 | 74.8.) 76.9 | 77.6 1-9-5.) MOL} GB.0 |. eae
Riverside... .o, 1025 19 Giad | 52:7 155:0 | Gora) 65.271 90:6" | 96.3- | 704, 1992.8 | O42 | eee ona
BaltGn-mciccaes —263 12 55:7 | 58.8 | 66.0 | 76.5 | 83.4 | 93.8°| 98.9) |°97.2 | 91.0 |-79.1 | 66.8 | 56:1
San Jacinto .....] 1500 8 AQ:2° | 5163 | 5955.1 57-3 | 64.55. 70,2 |. 76.2. 76.0).|-7010. | "°62.2-|s6.1 <1 Oro
Santa Ana...... 137 12 55-5 |-57-§ | 60.2-| 64.2-1 68:8") 72.20 | 7EiOrl 78.4 1973.9) | 68:4 1UGI6 | ere
Santa Barbara... 130 17 Bare bce || 55-4) G6.40| OO,241963,2-4) O81 | 06.0. | 65.7 |a2s omit isis
Santa Monica... 92 16 54.2 | 54.6 | 57.8 | 61.3 | 64.4 | 66.9 | 69.9 | 70.3 | 67.8 | 64.8 | 60.2 | 57.0
Santa baula.at. vn 286 12 52-4. -| 54.0.1 55.0 | Oars 69.4.) O5,6 1 "O05" | 68:4 | 00.3. (02.8. seOroa e550
Tehachapi ..<...| 3964 24 38.27\"99:3-| 44.8 | 50.241 50.20) (Ooms: 76.4" | 74-8 Ob. fp SOok aeons |5 9055
Ventura... ska 50 8 5200 | 53.2 (53:0. | 56:0 5). 5B.0 | (62.0 (963.51 (04.0. | Old | "OO ales 7.2 | 64.9

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( 307 )

Cuart or THE ANNUAL RAINFALL ReEcorps, CiassiF1ED ACCORDING TO
THE PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC SECTIONS

(Each column represents one eighth the actual rainfall)

Hoes alntode _ ESO to Hea anita Es raped: Zone, rainfall ae 2cm.

Foothills, areas Pre to 1321 ERS os Austral Zone; rainfall 488.7
cm.

Interior valleys, altitude to 454 meters, Lower Austral Zone; rainfall 324
cm.

Coastal valleys, altitude 10 to 279 meters, Upper Austral Zone; rainfall
340.5 cm.

San Diego district, altitude 10 to 100 meters, Lower Austral Zone; rainfall
238 cm.

PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC FEATURES
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Phytogeographically southern California is separated into three
clearly defined floral divisions—the coastal slope, the mountain,
and the desert. Each of these divisions has derived its charac-
teristic plants from different floral elements. ‘The species of the
coastal slope are principally of Californian origin; the species
confined to the mountains, boreal or of boreal ancestry; and those
of the deserts, endemic or migrants from the Great Basin, Sonora,
or Lower California. To discuss these different floras intelli-
gently it is essential that some general system be followed.
Engler’s! arrangement has many commendable features, but
Merriam’s? system of North American life zones has been more
completely worked out for this country and is therefore adopted.

An outline of Merriam’s life zones for North America north of
the tropics is as follows:

Region Zone Area
Arctic-alpine

Borealinencn tarts = cee s Hudsonian
Canadian

1Engler, A. Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 213-222. 1907.
2Merriam, C. H. Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States. Bull.
U. S. Biol. Survey, No. 10. 1898.

( 308 )

Atlantic Humid
Transition ;.. |. . iis lee 0 Western Arid
Pacific Humid
Upper Carolinian
Upper Sonoran
{re Carolinian

Aostzaly ii gensae ob %s Upper Austral........

Louisianian
Lower Sonoran

Lower Austral........

BOREAL REGION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

In southern California the Boreal Region occupies the uppermost
altitudes of the prominent mountain peaks, seldom descending
lower than 2550 meters. It is therefore comparatively restricted,
appearing only on the following peaks: Pinos, North Baldy,
Pine, San Antonio, Sugarloaf, San Bernardino, San Gorgonio,
San Jacinto, and Santa Rosa. The region is most extensive
in the vicinity of Mount San Gorgonio and Mount San Ber-
nardino, where it covers the high ridges connecting the peaks and
the spurs leading from them.

The three zones of the Boreal Region are less clearly defined
than in more northerly territories, chiefly because the area covered
by it is so limited. The presence of the Arctic-alpine Zone was
first noted by Hall?, who discovered three characteristic Alpine
species, Carex Preslit, Oxyria digyna, and Ranunculus Esch-
scholtzii on steep north slopes of Mount San Jacinto near perpetual
snow. To this scanty list Parisht has added Arenaria hirta verna
and Antennaria alpina from Mount San Gorgonio. The presence
even of this small number of truly Arctic-alpine species is of con-
siderable interest, for, as pointed out by Hall and Parish, they
mark “the most southern known limit of the Artic flora on the
North American Continent.”

CANADIAN ZONE

The two lower zones, the Hudsonian and the Canadian, are
inseparable in southern California. Parish suggests that Pinus
Murrayana characterizes the Canadian, and Pinus flexilis the

’Hall, H. M. A botanical Survey of San Jacinto Mountain. Univ. Calif.
Publ., Bot. 1: 16. 1902.

4Parish, S. B. Sketch of the Flora of southern California. Bot. Gaz. 36:
203-222 and 259-279. 1903.

( 309 )

Hudsonian, but such a distinction is not tenable, foron Mount San
Gorgonio, where the Boreal Region is best developed, both species
intermingle from the neighborhood of Dry Lake (altitude 2775
meters) to the very summit. Ascending the mountain from
Dry Lake one passes through pure forests of these two pines.
Even the floor, which is composed of loose broken granitic rock,
is almost bare of vegetation. Continuing upward the trees be-
come fewer and more reduced in stature until it is difficult to
walk beneath their gnarled branches. Finally, as the summit is
approached, they become prostrate shrubs with such stiff compact
branches that one may tramp over them with little difficulty. On
the summit of Mount Pinos, where Pinus Murrayana has not been
recorded, Pinus flexilis is found intermingling with Abies concolor
and other upper Transition species. In fact it is impossible to
detect two distinct belts of these two pines on any of the moun-
tains. Notwithstanding the fact, therefore, that there are traces
of Arctic-alpine plants, the only logical treatment demands that
all the Boreal Region of southern California be placed in the
Canadian Zone.

In addition to the localities mentioned there is a fringe of the
Canadian Zone on the western borders of Bear Valley, and Bluff
Lake. Pinus Murrayana grows rather abundantly here, the
lowest altitude (2010 meters) reached by this species in southern
California.

The characteristic trees and shrubs are:

Pinus flexilis Ribes montigenum
Pinus Murrayana Sericotheca concolor
Populus tremuloides Phyllodoce Brewert

Salix glaucops

Sericotheca concolor and Phyllodoce Breweri extend northward
through the Sierra Nevada to the southern Cascade Mountains,
and to the mountains of western Nevada. All the remaining
species extend to the Rocky Mountains, and one, Populus tremu-
loides, to the northern Atlantic. The geographical distribution
of these species demonstrates the intimate relation the flora of
this zone bears to that of the more northern parts of North America.

The origin of a boreal flora on these isolated southern mountain
peaks is traceable to the influence of the Glacial Period. During
that period central and southern California possessed a climate
similar to that found to-day in the Puget Sound region. Perpet-

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ual snow and glaciation extended down the mountain slopes to
approximately 1800 meters altitude. ‘The Canadian Zone, there-
fore, probably was as low as 900 meters or even lower, forming
an unbroken belt, with the possible exception of San Gorgonio Pass,
from the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro Martir Mountain. The
receding of the ice and the consequent northern and upward
migration of the plants left these isolated remnants stranded on
the higher peaks.

From the standpoint of regional distribution it is significant
that only one species, Populus tremuloides, extends east of the
Rocky Mountains. It argues that an eastern and western area
should be recognized.

AUSTRAL REGION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Austral Region occupies nearly the entire area of southern
California, in the midst of which, on the tips of the highest moun-
tain peaks, are situated the small isolated areas of typical Boreal.
The three zones of the region are distinctly defined over large
areas, but on account of great local variations in climatological
conditions, due to slope exposure, sea-breezes, desert winds or
other influences, isolated patches of a zone may be found far
beyond its normal range.

TRANSITION ZONE

The Transition Zone, which is best characterized by the yellow
pine (Pinus ponderosa), includes the principal forested area of the
mountains. Its average range of altitude is from 1500 to 2700
meters, but deviations from this, chiefly due to slope exposure,
are often considerable.

The forests are principally coniferous with a few scattered oaks,
and along streams, poplars, willows, alders and maples. They
are usually open and park-like, with a sparsely grass-covered
floor, or with growths of low underbrush, which in rocky exposed
places often develop into chaparral.

Approximately 50 species of trees and shrubs have been re-
corded within the Transition Zone, of which the following are
characteristic:

Pinus Lambertiana Ceanothus integerrimus puberulus
Pinus ponderosa Ceanothus Palmeri

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Pinus ponderosa Jeffreyt Cornus Nuttallit
Pinus Coulteri Azalea occidentale
Abies concolor Uva-ursi Parryana
Heyderia decurrens * Uva-urst patula

* Juniperus occidentalis Uva-ursi Pringler

*Salix Scouleriana * Leptodactylon Hookeri
Quercus Kelloggi Eriodictyon Parryt

* Castanopsis sempervirens Ramona pachystachya
Ribes nevadensis Pentstemon jacintensts
Rubus leucodermts Sambucus mexicana
Rubacer velutinus *Symphoricarpus Parishu
Cercocarpus ledifolius Chrysothamnus stenophyllus
Cercis occidentalis Artemesia tridentata

* Ceanothus cordulatus Tetradymia canescens

The species designated by an asterisk (*) are confined to the upper
parts of the Transition and extend into the Canadian Zone.

A study of the geographical distribution of the species found
in the Transition Zone shows that about sixty per cent. are limited
to California (including San Pedro Martir Mountain) or extend
only into the southern part of the Cascade Mountains; fifteen
per cent. extend northward along the Coast or the Cascade Moun-
tains of Oregon and Washington; ten per cent. are common to
California and the Great Basin, and twelve per cent. occur through-
out the Western Arid Area.

To express the phytogeographical conditions of this zone ac-
curately it is evident that the divisions must reckon with the
large percentage of purely Californian or endemic species. ‘The
simple statement that the flora belongs to the Transition Zone,
as is usually the case, or that it is in the Western Arid Area, is
misleading, as many of the species are not found in other parts
of these divisions. It is essential that the areas recognized by
Merriam, and based upon moisture, be divided into sub-areas,
which are chiefly the result of a third factor—geographical segregation.

Without undertaking a discussion of the entire Western Arid
Area, the California mountains, on account of the large number
of endemic genera and species, are recognized as a distinct division
of the area. This may be termed the Sierran Sub-area.

The Sierran Sub-area is best characterized by Pinus ponderosa
Jeffreyi, Pinus Lambertiana and Heyderia decurrens. Its geo-
graphical limits on the north are most satisfactorily defined by

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the Klamath Gap. South of this gap the Sub-area occupies the
Transition Zone of the Sierra Nevada and the inner Coast Ranges
of central California, and extends through the mountains of south-
ern California to Mount San Pedro Martir.

In the Sierra Nevada the Transition Zone is fairly continuous,
extending almost unbroken from the north Coast Ranges around
the head of the Sacramento Valley, and southward along the west-
ern slopes of the Sierra Nevada. The southern inner Coast
Ranges and the mountains of southern California, on the other
hand, are composed of isolated ranges. Hence great gaps occur
in the Transition Zone of these ranges, which form barriers
to the migration of species. Each of these sections is usually
represented by several peculiar species, while others are con-
spicuous by their absence. ‘The Sierran Sub-area separates, there-
fore, into three natural divisions, the Sierra Nevada District, the
South Coast Range District, and the San Bernardino District.
The latter includes the Transition Zone of the San Gabriel and
San Bernardino ranges,and the mountains southward to San
Pedro Martir. In this district there. are several endemic species,
such as Acer bernardinum, Ceanothus integerrimus puberulus, and
Ceanothus Palmeri, while many of the species common in the
northern districts are absent.

Uprer AustTRAL ZONE

General description.— The Upper Austral Zone in southern
California is represented wholly by the Upper Sonoran Area,
which includes two distinct sections, the coastal slope and the
pion and juniper belts of the desert slopes of the mountains.
The characteristic plants of these two sections represent two
different floral elements. The coastal slope species are predom-
inantly Californian, while many of those on the desert slopes
belong to the Great Basin element.

Coastal slope—The coastal slope of southern California is
separated from the more northern parts of the Californian Sub-
area> along the seaboard by Point Conception. The coast to

*The California Sub-area, which is equivalent to Engler’s “Innerkalifornische”
zone of the ‘“‘Westamerikanische Wisten- und Steppenprovinz,” is that part
of the Upper Sonoran Area which lies west of the Sierra Nevada divide, and
extends from southern Oregon to northern Lower California. The name
“{ntramontane” has been applied to this region, but it is best to restrict that
term to the floral district of the sub-area which lies between the Sierra Nevada
and the Coast Ranges of central and northern California. ‘Cismontane” as
used by Parish (J. c.) includes parts of two zones, which seems illogical.

(313 )

the southward of this promontory turns directly eastward for
125 kilometers or more, paralleling the cross ranges which lie only
a few miles distant. The coastal country is therefore protected
from the northwest coast winds, and its warm southern slopes form
a striking contrast to the cold bleak wind-swept mesas and hills
about the promontory. A natural barrier is thus formed where
a large number of species meet their southern or northern limits.

South of Point Conception the entire coastal slope below the
Transition Zone belongs to the Upper Sonoran, except the interior
valleys and the southwestern part of San Diego County which
are Lower Sonoran.

Within this area, which we shall term the Southern California
District, are over 100 species of trees and shrubs. A study
of the geographical distribution of these species shows that only
four extend eastward as far as the Rocky Mountains, less than
ten per cent. north to the Columbia River, and about the same
number east to the Great Basin and Arizona. Nearly all the
remaining species, or fully two thirds of the entire number are
confined to the California Sub-area, and of these about forty
are chiefly confined to the Southern California District.

The most characteristic species of the Southern California
District is Pseudotsuga macrocarpa. ‘The geographical limits of
this conifer almost coincide with those of the district. It does not
extend northward beyond the Santa Ynez Mountains, nor beyond
Fort Tejon in the mountains connecting with the Sierra Nevada.
It is confined, however, to the upper altitudes, extending even into
the Transition Zone.

The following trees and shrubs are characteristic of the Southern
California District, being almost or wholly confined within its
boundaries:

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa * Ceanothus Orcuttit

Juglans californica Ceanothus megacarpus
Eriogonum cinereum Ceanothus crasstfolius
Eriogonum fasciculatum folio- Vitis Girdiana

losum Malacothamnus fasciculatus

Atriplex Brewert Malacothamnus Nuttall
*Clematis pauctflora Styrax californica flavescens
Odostemon Nevinii Leptodactylon californicum glan-
Ribes indecorum dulosum

Grossularia amara * Eriodictyon crassifolium

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Grossularia hesperia Trichostema Parishu
Grossularia Parishu Sphacele fragrans

* Adenostoma sparsifolium *Diplacus longiflorus
Rosa Alderson Diplacus puniceus

* Xylothermia montana tomentosa Pentstemon cordifolius
Lupinus longifolius * Penstemon ternatus
Lupinus Halli Pentstemon antirrhinoides
Rhamnus pilosa Lonicera subspicata denudata
Ceanothus spinosus Ericameria cuneata spathulata
Ceanothus divaricatus eglandu- Ericameria Parishu

losus Baccharis Plummerae

Ceanothus oliganthus

The species designated by an asterisk (*) are restricted to the
southern part of the district.

The general character of the vegetation is typical of a warm
temperate climate which possesses moist cool winters and hot
dry summers. The predominant plants are evergreen xerophyllous
shrubs with small thick leathery leaves of a dull or grayish-green
color. They are invariably stiff compact growers, forming im-
penetrable thickets that spread over the mountainsides in almost
unbroken masses for many miles.

The diversity of the flora, however, is considerable. ‘The prox-
imity of the sea and the irregularities of the topography, together
with the resultant climatic conditions, are factors that have aided
in the development of several sub-districts with distinctive floral
features. ‘Three of these floral sub-districts are recognized: the
Littoral, the Coastal, and the Interior. The first of these sub-
districts is the territory the within immediate influence of the sea,
the second comprises the fog belt, and the third the chaparral
belt of the interior mountains and foothills which are more or
less cut off from the direct influence of the sea-breeze by hills or
low mountains. Where passes or other connections exist between
the Interior and the Coastal Sub-district the floral changes are
gradual and difficult to separate.

The Littoral Sub-district is confined to the immediate proximity
of the sea, and is composed of four formations: the beach, the
sand-dune, the salt-marsh, and the bluff. ‘The number of shrubby
plants wholly limited to this sub-district is small, Eriogonum
parvifolium, Lupinus Chamissonis, and Ericameria ericoides on
the sand-dunes, and Atriplex Breweri on the bluffs and edges of

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salt-marshes being the complete list.6 Of these strictly maritime
species, Eriogonum parvifolium extends northward to Monterey,
and Airiplex Breweri to Santa Barbara. The other species are
also confined to the California coast, but extend farther northward
into northern California.

The Coastal Sub-district comprises the valleys and rolling hills
along the coast, and the coast slope of the foothills and mountains
which separate them from the interior valleys. Its inland boun-
dary extends along the southern slope of the Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, the coast slope of the mountains of Ventura County, and
southward through the San Fernando and Santa Monica Moun-
tains to the Santa Ana Mountains, thence along the western slope
of the Palomar Mountains where it blends with the Interior Sub-
district.

The principal plant formations of this area are the mesa and
rolling hills, the alluvial, the oak-grove, the canyon, and the chap-
arral. ‘The mesas and rolling grassy hills are characterized chiefly
by the absence of woody plants rather than by any peculiar species.
Along the inner boundary of this formation and merging with the
Interior Sub-district are park-like groves of oaks. North of the
Santa Monica Mountains, along their northern base, and in the
Simi, Newhall and Ojai Valleys handsome trees of Quercus lobata
abound. This species does not extend south of the Santa Monica
Mountains, but its place south of this range is taken by Quercus
Engelmannit which, together with Quercus agrifolia, covers con-
siderable area about Pasadena, Santa Anita, and Fallbrook.

The following trees and shrubs are mostly confined to the Coastal
Sub-district:

Myrica californica Malacothamnus Nuttallii
Juglans californica Ceanothus spinosus
Quercus lobata Ceanothus sorediatus
Quercus Engelmannii Ceanothus oliganthus
Grossularia speciosa Ceanothus megacarpus
Grossularia amara Arbutus Menztesit
Sericotheca franciscana Trichostema lanatum
Lupinus longifolius Ramona niveum

6In addition to these true shrubs there are a number of suffrutescent peren-
nials that are also confined to this sub-district. Among these may be men-
tioned Cheiranthus suffrutescens, Sphacrostigma viridescens, Batis maritima,
and Salicornia ambigua.

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Polygala californica Lonicera Ledebourti
Acer californicum Baccharis pilularis
Lithraea laurina Baccharis Plummerae

A large percentage of these species, which are chiefly confined
to the northern part of the sub-district, are common in northern
California. They simply reach their southern limit within this
sub-district. In this connection the influence of the Santa Monica
Mountains should not be passed by unnoticed. This cross range,
although seldom reaching a higher altitude than 750 meters, exerts
a marked influence on the northern and southern distribution of
plants along the coast. The two oaks, Quercus lobata and Quercus
Engelmannii, are notable examples of species that are checked by
this range in their northerly or southerly distribution. Several
northern shrubs, such as Myrica californica and Baccharis pilu-
laris, do not occur south of this range.

The Interior Sub-district occupies the foothills and the
typical chaparral of the interior mountains which are shut off
from the direct influence of the sea-breeze by hills or low moun-
tains. The western boundary is outlined by the Coastal Sub-
district, and its inland by the Transition Zone of the higher
mountains, or by the deserts in the lower mountains and passes.
This sub-district extends from the Liebre Mountains southeast-
ward along the coastal slope of the San Gabriel, the San Bernardino,
the San Jacinto, and the Cuiamaca mountains.

The chaparral, of which the sub-district is almost wholly com-
posed, is separated into several altitudinal belts. These alti-
tudinal floral changes are very evident to one ascending any of
the mountain trails. Along the base of the mountains, sometimes
extending up their slopes several hundred feet and out over the
footslopes, is a belt intermediate between the Upper and Lower
Sonoran. Here the prevailing plants are Ramona stachioides,
Eriogonum fasciculatum foliolosum and Senecio Douglasit. Ascend-
ing the steep mountain slopes one passes into the typical chaparral.
Adenostoma fasciculatum prevails through the lower altitudes in
the eastern part of the San Gabriel Mountains, and in the San
Bernardino andt he San Jacinto Mountains, but on the Mount
Wilson trail, which is intermediate between the Coastal and the
Interior Sub-districts, Quercus dumosa and Ceanothus crassifolius
are the predominating species. Further up the slopes these species
gradually give way to others, of which Ceanothus divaricatus

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eglandulosus, Uva-ursi tomentosa, and, in the San Bernardino
Mountains, Uva-urst pungens, are perhaps the most characteristic.
Pseudotsuga macrocarpa grows with these species, especially on
the north slopes. This tree becomes more abundant at higher
altitudes and extends into the lower part of the Transition Zone.

In the canyons, Quercus chrysolepis, Acer macrophyllum and
Umbellularia californica seldom descend lower than 750 meters;
but Alnus rhombifolia often follows living streams into the
edges of the valleys. Platanus racemosa is mostly confined to
the lower altitudes, and occurs on the canyon floors, often following
the washes well out into the valleys.

The following trees and shrubs are mainly restricted to the
Interior Sub-district:

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Ceanothus crassifolius
Ribes indecorum Uva-ursi pungens
Adenostoma sparstfolium Trichostema Parishit

X ylothermia montana tomentosa Pentstemon ternatus
Lupinus Halli Pentstemon antirrhinoides
Ceanothus divaricatus eglandulosus Ericameria Parishii

Desert slopes —The Upper Sonoran Area on the desert slopes of
the mountains is commonly called the pifon and juniper belts,
the two conifers, Pinus monophylla and Juniperus californica
being the most characteristic species. The pion occurs in the
upper altitudes of the zone (1200-1800 meters). The juniper,
on the other hand, occupies the lower altitudes (goo—-1200 meters),
and along the lower edges of the belt mingles with the yuccas and
other shrubs characteristic of the Lower Sonoran.? In the Provi-
dence Mountains Juniperus utahensis replaces Juniperus cali-
fornica. This is the only locality where this species enters into
our territory, but in the Panamint Mountains it also. replaces
Juniperus californica, and extends from there eastward over south-
ern Nevada and Utah. Each of these species may be considered
as representing a distinct floral district.

Several trees and shrubs which belong properly to the Intra-
montane district penetrate through Tejon Pass and extend in a

7The juniper belt is retained in the Upper Sonoran with reluctance, for
over a large part of the belt the associating species are predominantly Lower
Sonoran. On the coastal slope if we found the juniper at all we should expect

it in the Upper Sonoran, if it actually belongs in that zone, but instead it
occurs only in the Lower Sonoran of the interior valleys.

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narrow belt along the western slope of Antelope Valley. The
normal flora of the desert slopes is modified in this section by the
presence of such species as Pinus Sabiniana, Quercus Douglasit,
Grossularia quercetorum and Aesculus californica.

Along the Mexican Boundary a number of Peninsular species
enter the flora in the pifion belt. Of these Pinus quadrifolia is the
most noteworthy. This nut pine, which almost entirely replaces
Pinus monophylla a few miles below the international boundary,
occurs sparingly as far north as the Santa Rosa Mountains.

The following are the characteristic Upper Sonoran trees and
shrubs of the desert slopes:

*Pinus monophylla Isomeris arborea globosa
*Pinus quadrifolia *Kunzia glandulosa

Juniperus californica *Rhamnus cuspidata

Juniperus utahensis * Ceanothus vestitus

Ephedra viridis Malacothamnus Fremonti
*Quercus Alvordiana *Fremontodendron californicum
*Quercus Dunnit Fraxinus velutinus
*Quercus turbinella Fraxinus anomala

Eriogonum fasciculatum polifolium Diplacus aridtis
*Eriogonum Heermaniu Stenotopsis interior

*Odostemon Fremontit

The species designated by an asterisk (*) are confined to the
upper or pinon belt.

Lower AusTRAL ZONE

General description—The Lower Austral Zone in southern
California is represented by the Lower Sonoran Area. It includes
all of the desert regions below the juniper belt, and protrudes
through the lower passes into the hot interior valleys of the coastal
slope. It also extends northward along the coast of Lower Cali-
fornia to the vicinity of San Diego.

Three floral elements enter into the composition of the Lower
Sonoran in southern California, the Great Basin, the Sonoran,
and the Peninsular. In the Mohave Desert many of the charac-
teristic species are of the Great Basin element, in the Colorado
Desert the Sonoran and the Peninsular species predominate,
and at San Diego the Peninsular. Unfortunately the Lower
Sonoran Area has not been sufficiently explored to warrant its
division into sub-areas. Each of the southern California sections

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of the zone will be discussed, therefore, without an attempt to
assign them to definite floral districts.

Interior valleys—In the San Fernando, the San Bernardino,
and the San Jacinto Valleys, the fan-like footslopes that spread
over the valleys from the bases of the steep mountain slopes, and
the dry washes leading from the mouths of the canyons give rise
on their semi-arid gravelly slopes to a low shrubby type of vege-
tation resembling that of the desert in its xerophytic habit. The
upper parts of the footslopes, as has been previously stated, are
intermediate between the Upper and the Lower Sonoran, but the
dry washes produce a typical Lower Sonoran flora, that often
spreads over the greater part of the footslopes.

Following is a list of characteristic Lower Sonoran trees and
shrubs of the interior valleys:

Salix vallicola Gutierrezia divergens
Populus Fremontit Ericameria pinifolia
*Strombicarpus pubescens * Encelia farinosa
* Prosopis glandulosa Viguiera Parishit
Opuntia bernardina Bebbia juncea
Opuntia Coviller Lepidospartum squamatum
*Chilopsis linearis Tetradymia comosa

The species designated by an asterisk (*) occur only in the
eastern end of the San Bernardino Valley or in the San Jacinto
Valley, and of these only Encelia farinosa is common.

San Diego district—A large number of peninsular species of
shrubs and herbaceous plants extend into southwestern San Diego
County which give a floral aspect quite unlike that of other parts
of the coastal slope.

The following is a list of peninsular or desert species recorded
from the vicinity of San Diego:

Ephedra californica Opuntia prolifera

Yucca mohavensis Opuntia californica

Atriplex canescens Lycium Richi

Isomeris arborea Lyctum Andersoniu Wrightit
Prosopis velutina Lycium californicum
Cneoridium dumosum Hymenoclea monogyra
Acalypha californica Gaertneria chenopodifolia
Tricherostigma miserum Iva Hindsiana

Simmondsia californica Vigutera laciniata

Adolphia californica

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In addition to the typical Lower Sonoran species there are a
number of other shrubby species peculiar to the San Diego region
which are often the principal components of the chaparral. These
species are: Cercocarpus minutiflora, Adenostoma fasciculatum ob-
tusifolium, Ceanothus verrucosus, Xylococcus bicolor, and Coma-
rostaphylis diversifolia. Pinus Torreyana is also restricted to this,
with the exception of a small grove on Santa Rosa Island.

Mohave Desert—The Lower Sonoran Area occupies nearly the
entire area of the Mohave Desert, only in the upper altitudes of
the mountains is it replaced by the juniper and pion belts of the
Upper Sonoran. Wherever the soil conditions are favorable
Covillea tridentata predominates. This shrub, commonly known
as the “creosote bush,” is the most characteristic species of the
entire Lower Sonoran Area, at least in the arid parts; but, on
account of its wide range and its association in the various regions
with markedly different floral elements, it cannot be utilized in
segregating phytogeographical districts.

Along the upper edges of the Covillea belt, and often extending
into the edges of the juniper belt, are a number of characteristic
desert shrubs, such as Grayia spinosa, Tetradymia spinosa, Tetra-
dymia stenolepis, Amygdalus Fremontii and Adelia neo-mexicana.
Associated with these is the tree yucca (Cleistoyucca arborescens),
locally known as the “Joshua tree.”” The great stretches of this
desert yucca that spread over the gradually sloping plains resemble
immense orchard tracts, and form a prominent feature of the
landscape.

The following Lower Sonoran trees and shrubs have been re-
corded in the Mohave Desert within the limits of our territory:

* Ephedra nevadensis * Echinocactus Lecontet

* Ephedra californica * Echinocactus polycephalus

* Yucca mohavensis Menodora spinescens
Cleistoyucca arborescens Adelia neo-mexicana

* Populus Fremontit Ramona pilosa

*Salix vallicola Ramona capitata

*Salix argophylla *Lycium Coopert
Eriogonum Plumatella Lycium Andersontt

* Atriplex lentiformis Salazaria mexicana

* Atriplex polycarpa * Chilopsis linearis

* Atriplex confertifolia * Hymenoclea Salsola

Atriplex Parryi Gaertneria eriocentra

* Atriplex hymenelyira
* Atriplex canescens
Atriplex Torreyi
Grayia spinosa
* Eurotia lanata
* Allenrolfia occidentalis
Sarcobatus vermiculatus
Lepidium Fremontit
*Isomeris arborea
*Tsomeris arborea globosa
*ITsomeris arborea angustata
Fallugia paradoxa
Cowania Stansburiana
* Coleogyne ramosissima
Kunzia glandulosa
Amygdalus Fremontit
*Strombocarpus pubescens
* Prosopis glandulosa
* Krameria parvifolia
Parosela arborescens
* Parosela californica
Parosela Fremonti
Parosela Saundersi
*Covillea tridentata
*Thamnosma montanum
*Opuntia ramosissima
*Opuntia Bigelovit
*Opuntia acanthocarpa
*Opuntia echinocarpa
*Opuntia Covillei
*Opuntia chlorotica

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*Gaertneria dumosa

* Hofmeisteria pluriseta

*Coleosanthus atractyloides
Coleosanthus incana

*Coleosanthus linifolia

*Coleosanthus desetorum
Coleosanthus Knappiana
Gutierrezia lucida

*Acamptopappus sphaeroce-

phalus

*Stenotopsis interior
Ericameria monactts
Acamhiacyris Fremontit

* Chrysothamnus teretifolius
Chrysothamnus mohavensts

*Chrysothamnus occidentalis

* Baccharis Emoryt

* Baccharis sergilioides

* Baccharts glutinosa

* Pluchea sericea

* Bebbia juncea aspera

* Viguiera Parisht

* Encelia actont

* Encelia frutescens
Artemesia Parishit

* Lepidospartum squamatum

* Peucephyllum Schotti
Tetradymia glabrata
Tetradymia stenolepis
Tetradymia spinosa

The species designated by an asterisk (*) also occur in the
Colorado Desert.

Colorado Desert—Covillea is also the predominant plant over
the dry mesas of the Colorado Desert. Above this belt is an area
corresponding to the yucca belt of the Mohave Desert, but com-
prising a very different group of plants,® of which Agave deserti
is the most characteristic.

8Parish, Bot. Gaz. 36: 222. 1903.

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In addition to the species common to both deserts the following
are found only in the Colorado Desert:

Neowashingtonia filamentosa Olneya Tesota

Nolina Parry Condalia Parryt
Prosopis velutina Foquierta splendens
Acacia Greggii Ramona Vaseyi
Parkinsonia aculeata Beloperone californica
Parkinsonia microphylla Gaertneria tlicifolia
Cercidium Torreyana Coleosanthus frutescens
Krameria Gray Gutierrezia bracteata
Parosela Emoryt Ericameria brachylepis
Parosela Schotti Baccharis sarothroides
Parosela spinosa Encelia farinosa

A study of the geographical distribution of the species not
common to both deserts shows that the Mohave Desert species
are of the Great Basin element, most of them being common to
southern Nevada, southern Utah and northern Arizona, and
that the species restricted to the Colorado Desert are of southern
origin, and extend into Lower California, southwestern Arizona
and northwestern Sonora.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Pirate A

Relief map of California, from the original model by N. F. Drake. Pub-
lished through the courtesy of the Department of Geology of Leland Stanford
Jr. University.

Pirate B

Dry Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 3180 meters, showing a

pure forest of Pinus Murrayana and Pinus flexilis. Canadian Zone.

PLatTeE C

Juniperus occidentalis, Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude
2230 meters. Transition Zone.
Puate D
Open park-like forest of Pinus ponderosa Jeffreyt, Mount Pinos, altitude
2300 meters. Transition Zone.
PuaTe E
Pseudotsuga macrocarpa intermingling with the chaparral, Topatopa
Mountains, altitude 1800 meters. Upper Austral Zone.

Piate F

Alnus hombifolia, Waterman Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, alti-
tude about 1200 meters. Upper Austral Zone.

Pr.eAy

Bor. GARD. VoL. VI.

Bur. NeeLe

RELIEF MAP

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OLNEYA TESOTA. SIGNAL MOUNTAIN.

(323 )

Piate G

Pinus Sabiniana, Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, altitude 1400
meters. Upper Austral Zone.
Puate H

Looking northeast across San Bernardino Valley, with Slover Mountain
in the foreground and the San Bernardino Mountains in the distance. The
valley is Lower Austral; the chaparral-covered slopes of the distant moun-
tains, Upper Austral; the forests on the summits, Transition.

Puate [

Cleistoyucca arborescens, Mohave Desert, between Mohave and Lancaster,
altitude about 800 meters. Lower Austral Zone.

PuaTeE J

Fig. 1. Covillea iridentata, near Willow Springs, Antelope Valley, altitude
about 840 meters. Lower Austral Zone.

Fig. 2. Olneya Tesota, eastern base of Signal Mountain, Colorado Desert,
altitude about sea level. Lower Austral Zone.

ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA TREES AND SHRUBS
PINACEAE. Pine Famity.

Leaves usually fascicled, surrounded at base by a sheath; cones maturing

the second year. 1. Pinus.
Leaves not fascicled, without basal sheath; cones maturing the first year.
Cones pendulous; leaves short-petioled. 2. Pseudotsuga.
Cones erect; leaves sessile. 3. Abies.

I. PINGS.) Pine:

Sheaths deciduous; leaves with 1 fibro-vascular bundle.
Leaves in 5’s.
Leaves slender, 8-10 cm. long; cones cylindrical, 20-40 cm. long;

wing of seed 2 cm. long. 1. P. Lambertiana.
Leaves rigid, 3-6 cm. long; cones oval, 8-16 cm. long; wing a narrow
ring, I mm. broad. 2. P. flexilis.
Leaves 1-4 in a cluster; cones globose; scales much thickened; seeds
large.
Leaves usually in 4’s. 3. P. quadrifolia.
Leaves solitary. 4. P. monophylla.
Sheaths persistent; leaves with 2 fibro-vascular bundles.
Leaves in 5’s, wing thickened. 5. P. Torreyana.

Leaves in 2’s or 3’s; wing thin.
Leaves in 3’s.
Cones deciduous; scales tipped with a prickle.
Cones 7-12 cm. long. 6. P. ponderosa.

( 324 )

Cones 12-25 cm. long. 6a. P. ponderosa Jeffreyt.
Cones more persistent; scales tapering to stout incurved points.
Leaves grayish-green, drooping; cones chestnut brown,

oval, 15-25 cm. long. 7. P. Sabiniana.
Leaves blue-green, erect; cones yellowish-brown, long-oval,
25-35 cm. long. 8. P. Coulteri.

Leaves in 2’s.
Cones deciduous, opening at maturity.
g. P. Murrayana.
Cones persistent for years, not opening at maturity.
10. P. attenuata.

1. Pinus LamBertiana Dougl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 15: 500. 1827.

Pinus Lambertiana minor Lemmon, Second Bienn. Rep. Calif.

State Forest. 70, 83. 1888.

Type locality: On the head waters of the Umpqua River.

Distribution: The Sugar pine is characteristic of the Sierran’
District. It occurs from central Oregon southward to San Pedro
Martir Mountain, Lower California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 4196; Swartout Val-
ley, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 650; Mount San
Antonio, Abrams 2701; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Leiberg 3141; Mount San Gorgonio, Dutton, 1897; moun-
tains east of San Diego, Parry, 1850.

2. Pinus FLEXILIS James, Long’s Exped. 2: 27. 1823.

Type locality: “Inhabits the arid plains subjacent to the Rocky
Mountains, and extends up their sides to the region of perpetual
frost.”

Distribution: The limber pine occurs on the eastern slopes of
the continental divide from Alberta to western Texas, and ranges
westward over the mountains of Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, northern
New Mexico, northern Arizona and southeastern California. In
California it is found along the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada
south of Mono Pass, on the Inyo and Panamint Mountains, and
on some of the higher peaks of southern California as noted below.
It is characteristic of the Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Summit of Mount Pinos, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 243; North Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 605; Dry Lake, Mount San Gorgonio, altitude 2800 meters,
Abrams &§ McGregor 785; near the summit of Mount San Gor-
gonio, Abrams &§ McGregor 748; Leberg 3279.

(325)

Pinus monticola and Pinus albicaulis have been reported from
southern California, but I have not seen any specimens, and their
presence within our range is doubtful.

3. Pinus quaprirouia Parry; Parl. in DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2:
402. 1868.

Pinus parryana Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 34: 332. 1862.
Not Gord. 1858.
Type locality: “On the mountains east of San Diego.”
Distribution: Parry’s pine occupies a belt on the mountains
of northern Lower California corresponding to that of P. mono-
phylla on the mountains bordering the Mohave Desert. It ex-
tends northward, sparingly, along the desert slope to the Santa
Rosa Mountains of southern California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Coyote Canyon, Santa Rosa Mountains,
Leiberg 3164; Hall 2139; mountains east of San Diego, Parry,
1850; near Walker’s ranch, between Campo and Jacumba Hot
Spring, Vasey, 1880.

4. Pinus MoNoPHYLLA Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep. 319,
pl. 4. 1845.
Pinus Fremontiana Endl. Syn. Conif. 183. 1847, in part.

Type locality: “Extensively diffused over the mountains of
northern California from long. 111° to 120°, and through a con-
siderable range of latitude.”

Distribution: The pifon is characteristic of the Great Basin
district. It extends over the mountains of the Great Basin,
ranging westward to the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and
southward along the desert slopes of the southern California moun-
tains to the northern border of Lower California. In southern
California the pifon forms a distinct belt along the northern
slopes of the San Gabriel and the San Bernardino Mountains,
ranging from 1000 to 1500 meters in altitude. South of the San
Bernardino Mountains it becomes rare and finally is superseded by
P. quadrifolia near the Mexican boundary. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3983; near the Frazier
Borax Mine, Mount Pinos, Abrams 8 McGregor 269; Mutau Flat,
head of Piru Creek, Abrams &9 McGregor 186; Lone Pine Canyon,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams § McGregor 669; between Bear
Valley and Cushenberry Spring, Abrams 2136; Morongo King

( 326 )

Mine, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 3456; eastern slope of
Mount San Jacinto, 800 meters, Leiberg 3163.

5. Pinus Torreyana Parry, Bot. Mex. Bound. 210, pl. 58, 50.
1859.
Pinus lophosperma Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1860: 46. 1860.

Type locality; “Bluffs near the mouth of Solidad Creek, 10
miles north of San Diego, California.”

Distribution: The Del Mar or Torrey pine has the most re-
stricted range of any pine in North America. It extends along
the coast in the vicinity of Soledad River, San Diego County, for
about 8 miles and inland 2 or 3 miles. In addition to this one
locality it has been found only on the east end of Santa Rosa
Island. Upper Sonoran or Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Rosa Island, Blanche Trask, Oct.
1900; Soledad, Pringle, April 26, 1882; Dudley, July 24, 1899.

6. Pinus PONDEROSA Dougl.; Lawson, Man. Agr. 354. 1836.

Type locality: Washington, on the Spokane River, according
to Piper.

Distribution: The western yellow pine is the most charac-
teristic tree of the Western Arid Area of the Transition Zone,
extending from British Columbia southward to western New
Mexico and southern California. In southern California this pine
is common throughout the Transition Zone of all the mountain
ranges.

Specimens examined: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains,
Abrams &% McGregor 478; Tejon Pass, Coville 9 Funston 1223;
Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 1500
meters, Abrams (F McGregor, July 14, 1908.

6a. PINUS PONDEROSA JEFFREYI (Murray) Vasey, Rep. Com. Agr.
1875: 179. 1876.

Pinus Jeffreyi Murray, Rep. Bot. Exped. Oreg. 2, pl. r. 1853.
Pinus deflexa Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 209. 1859.

Type locality: “Shasta Valley, N. California.”

Distribution: Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon southward
through the Sierra Nevada and southern California to San Pedro
Martir. The separation of this pine from typical Pinus ponderosa

(327)

is often difficult in southern California. Some trees with plated
bark have small cones, and others have cones fully as large as any of
the variety. Both extremes also occur on trees with the darker
furrowed bark. In almost any locality, but especially in the
vicinity of Green Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, it is possible
to gather a series of cones ranging in size from the typical to that
of the variety.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Abrams 9 McGregor 241;
Mount San Gorgonio, Dutton, 1897; mountains east of San Diego,
Parry, 1850.

7. Pinus Sapintana Dougl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 749. 1833.

Type locality: Indefinite, but probably from the mountains
near San Juan Mission, Monterey County. Douglas forwarded
his paper in which this species was described from this place.

Distribution: The digger pine is characteristic of the Intra-
montane District, occupying a distinct belt below the Sierran
District on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, and on the
inner Coast Ranges. A few trees penetrate through Tejon Pass
and extend southward along the western margin of Antelope
Valley to Elizabeth Lake, Liebre Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains,

Abrams &§ McGregor 399.

8. Pinus~-CoutTer1 Lamb. in Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 440.
1837.

Pinus macrocarpa Lindl. Bot. Reg. Misc. 61. 1840.

Pinus Sabiniana Coulteri Don; Loud. Arb. et Fruti. 4: 2250.

1838.

Type locality: “On the mountains of Santa Lucia near the
Mission of San Antonio, in latitude 36°, within sight of the sea
and at an elevation of from 3000 to 4000 feet above the sea.”

Distribution: Coulter’s pine occurs in the Coast Ranges of
California from the vicinity of Mount Diablo south to the Cuiamaca
Mountains. In southern California it is scattered, usually spar-
ingly, through the coniferous forests of the San Gabriel, the San
Bernardino, the San Jacinto and the Cuiamaca Mountains. In
the latter range it forms considerable forest around Julian. Tran-
sition.

( 328 )

Specimens examined: La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Abrams 4315; Deep Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
2067; The Pines, Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 811; Santa Ana Mountains, near Elsinore,
Dutton, 1897; near Julian, Cuiamaca Mountains, Vasey, June, 1880.

9g. Pinus Murrayana Balfour, Rep. Bot. Exped. Oreg. 2, pl. 3,
fiend ToS 3.

Pinus contorta Murrayana Engelm. Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1880.

Type locality: “On the Siskiyou Mountains.”

Distribution: The lodge-pole pine extends from southern
Alaska south and east to southern Colorado and Utah, and on
the Pacific Coast along the higher altitudes of the mountain
ranges to Mt. San Pedro Martir, Lower California. In southern
California it is confined to the Canadian Zone, seldom being found
below 2400 meters.

Specimens examined: North Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 624; Mount San Antonio, Abrams 1946; Bear
Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 2080; Mount San Gor-
gonio, Leiberg 3250; Abrams F McGregor 781.

10. Pinus aTTENUATA Lemmon, Gard. & Forest 5: 65. 1892.

Pinus californica Hartw. Journ. Hort. Soc. 2: 189. 1847. Not

Loisel. 1812.

Pinus tuberculata Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. 4: 218. 1849. Not

Don. 1837.

Type locality: “To the south of Monterey, in lat. 36°, near
_the level of the sea, and growing almost to the beach.” The
locality given here is that for P. tuberculata, since P. attenuata
was based upon that species.

Distribution: The knob-cone pine extends from Mackenzie
River, Oregon to the San Bernardino Mountains. In southern
California it is limited to a narrow belt along the southern slope
of the San Bernardino Mountains in the vicinity of the City Creek
Canyon. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Bernardino Mountains, on the City
Creek road, altitude 875 meters, Abrams 2802.

J

(329 )

2. PSEUDOTSUGA. Dovuctas Fir.

1. PSEUDOTSUGA MACROCARPA (Torr.) Mayr. Wald. Nordam. 278.
1890.

Abies Douglasiit macrocarpa Torr. Ives Rep. 28. 1861.
Abies macrocarpa Vasey, Gard. Monthly 1876: 22. 1876.
Pseudotsuga Douglasit macrocarpa Engelm. Bot. Calif. 2: 120.

1880.

Type locality: “Mountains near San Felipe,” San Diego
County.

Distribution: The big-cone spruce is the most characteristic tree
of southern California. It occupies the upper altitudes of the
Upper Sonoran on the coastal slope and extends into the lower
parts of the Transition Zone. It occurs in the Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, and in the vicinity of Fort Tejon extends southward to San
Pedro Martir Mountain.

Specimens examined: La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Abrams 4314; Fort Tejon, Abrams &% McGregor 301; Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams F McGregor 81; Mount Wilson, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams, July, 1906; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernar-
dino Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 706; Mount Santiago, Santa
Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis, 1903.

3. ABIES. Fir.

1. ABiEs concotor Lindl. & Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. 5: 210.
1850. '

Picea concolor Gord. Pinetum 155. 1858.

Type locality: ‘(On the mountains of New Mexico.”

Distribution: Mountains of southern Oregon south to Mount San
Pedro Martir, and extending eastward over the mountains of
Nevada, Utah, western Colorado, and northern Arizona and New
Mexico. In southern California the white fir is one of the common
components of the coniferous forests especially in the upper half
of the Transition Zone.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 4198; Abrams &F Mc-
Gregor 254; Mount San Antonio, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams,
July, 1901; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, Leiberg

3139-

(330)

CUPRESSACEAE. Cypress Famity.

Monoecious; cone-scales woody.
Leaves in whorls of 4; cones and scales oblong. 1. Heyderia.
Leaves opposite; cones globose; scales peltate. 2. Cupressus.
Dioecious; leaves opposite; cones berry-like, their scales becoming fleshy.
3. Juniperus.

1. HEYDERIA. INcENSE cEDaR.

1. HEYDERIA DECURRENS (Torr.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 2: 177.
1873.
Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Pl. Frem. pl. 3. 1854.

Type locality: “Upper waters of the Sacramento, particularly
from lat. 38° 40’ to about 41° N. lat.”

Distribution: The post or incense cedar extends from the
Santiam River in the southern Cascade Mountains southward
through the Sierran District, of which it is one of the most charac-
teristic trees. ‘The southern limit, as that of so many of the trees
peculiar to the Sierran District, is Mount San Pedro Martir, Lower
California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &9 McGregor 574; Huston’s Flat, San Bernardino
Mountains, Shaw, Aug. 1900; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto
Mountains, Leiberg 3149; Cuiamaca Mountains, near Talley’s
ranch, Palmer 3; Laguna, Mearns 3653.

2. CUPRESSUS. - Cypress.

I. CUPRESSUS GUADALUPENSIS S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 300.
1879.
Cupressus macrocarpa guadalupensis Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc.
31: 343. 1896.
Type locality: “On Guadalupe Island, off the coast of Lower
California.”
Distribution: A small grove of cypress near the Jamul Valley,
San Diego County, seems to belong to this insular species.
Specimens examined: Cypress canyon, between Oneonta and
Dulgura, Forbes, Dec. 3, 1907.

(331)

3. JUNIPERUS. Juniper.

Seeds 1 or 2; cotyledons 4-6.
Leaves rounded at the apex, conspicuously glandular on the back.
1. J. californica.
Leaves acute or acuminate, glandless. 2. J. utahensis.
Seeds 2 or 3; cotyledons 2; leaves conspicuously glandular on the back.
3. J. occidentalis.

I. JUNIPERUS CALIFORNICA Carr. Rev. Hort. IV. 3: 352, f. ar.
1854.

Juniperus tetragona osteosperma Torr. Pacif.R. Rep. 4: 141. 1857.

Sabina californica Antoine, Cupress. Gatt. 52, pl. 71, 72. 1857.

Type locality: “En Californie.”

Distribution: The California juniper is characteristic of the
desert slopes of the mountains extending from the southern Sierra
Nevada to Lower California. It also occurs in the more arid
parts of the Great Valley, and on dry washes on the coastal slope
in southern California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Ten Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams
€¥ McGregor 168; Fort Tejon, Abrams &F McGregor 302; Palm-
dale, Elmer 3633; Big Tejunga Wash, San Fernando Valley,
Abrams 1374; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 531; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &F McGregor 618; Cajon Pass, Coville & Funston 125;
Morongo Canyon, Parish 2985; near Mentone, Abrams F Mc-
Gregor 824; San Felipe Canyon, Palmer 17; San Jacinto Mou-
tains, Leiberg 3150; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3648, 3640.

2. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS (Engelm.) Lemmon, Rep. Calif. State
Board Forest. 3: 183, pl. 28, f. 2. 18g0.
Juniperus californica utahensis Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad.

3: 588. 1877.

Juniperus occidentalis utahensis Veitch, Man. Conif. 289. 1881.

Type locality: “All over the southern parts of Utah and into
Arizona and Nevada.”

Distribution: Western Colorado and Utah to northern Arizona
and the eastern limits of the Mohave Desert, where it occurs
within our range on the Providence Mountains. (See introduc-
tion.) Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Brandegee, May
26, 1902.

(332)

3. JUNIPERUS occIDENTALIS Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 166. 1838.

Type locality: “(Common on the higher parts of the Columbia.”

Distribution: This juniper extends from western Idaho and
eastern Washington southward along the Cascade Mountains and
the Sierra Nevada to the San Jacinto Mountains. In southern Cali-
fornia it is found in the vicinity of Bear Valley, and toward the
summits of Mount San Antonio and Mount San Jacinto, occupy-
ing an arid belt intermediate between the Transition and the
Canadian Zones.

Specimens examined: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,
Leiberg 3316; Abrams, Aug. 3, 1901.

ya

GNETACEAE. Jornt-Fir Famity.
1. EPHEDRA. Mexican TEA.

Scales and bracts in 2’s.

Branches bright green, erect and broom-like. 1. £. viridis.
Branches pale glaucous green, divergent. 2. E. nevadensis.
Scales and bracts in 3’s. 3. E. californica.

1. EpHepra viripis Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 220. 1893.

Type locality: “Near Crystal Spring, Cosco Mountains, Inyo
County, California.”

Distribution: Western slopes of the Mohave Desert eastward
to southern Nevada. This species is characteristic of the pifon
belt on the mountain slopes of the Mohave Desert. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Frazier Borax Mine, Mount Pinos, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 216, 217; Ten Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams
€F McGregor 174; near Bear Valley, Leiberg 3315; Cushenberry
Spring, Parish 4980; Rose Mine, San Bernardino Mountains,
Parish 2975.

2. EPHEDRA NEVADENSIS S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 298. 1879,

Type locality: ‘Pah Ute Mountains, altitude 5000 feet; Carson
City, altitude 5000 feet.” .

Distribution: Nevada and Utah southward through the desert
regions to Lower California. In southern California this species
is characteristic of the juniper and the yucca belts of the deserts.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mohave Desert, near Varren Station,
Abrams §§ McGregor 499; near Acton, Elmer 3599; Jacumba
Hot Spring, Abrams 3676; Mountain Spring, Mearns 3070.

(333 )

3. EpHEDRA CALIFoRNICA S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 300.
1879.

Type locality: “Promontory near San Diego, and Jamul
Valley.”

Distribution: The Mohave Desert, southward to Lower Cali-
fornia, extending westward to the coast in the vicinity of San
Diego and southward. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Victor and Stoddard Wells,
Coville &F Funsten 159; Whitewater, S. B. & W. F. Parish 653;
eastern slope of San Gorgonio Pass, Leiberg 3234; Coyote Canyon,
Santa Rosa Mountains, Hall 2863; Jacumba Hot Spring, Mearns
3332; Campo, Abrams 3600; North Coronado, Knapp, 1895;
Tia Juana, Abrams 3480.

PHOENICACEAE. Pato Famity.
1. NEOWASHINGTONIA. Catirornia FAN-PALM.

1. NEOWASHINGTONIA FILAMENTOSA Sudworth, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Div. Forest. Bull. no 14: 105. 1897.

Pritchardia filamentosa Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 34: 807. 1876.
Pritchardia filifera Linden, Ill. Hort. 24. 1877.
Washingtonia filifera Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 87: 68. 1879.
Washingtonia filamentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 737. 1891.
Type locality: Described from young plants cultivated in
Europe. The source of the seeds is not definitely known.
Distribution: The California fan-palm occurs in a few scat-
tered groves along the base of the desert ranges a few miles north
of Indio, and again at Palm Springs on the eastern base of Mount
San Jacinto. An interesting account, and an exhaustive bibliog-
raphy of the genus, was given by Parish in the Botanical Ga-
zette, Dec. 1907.
Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Dudley, Dec. 1902.

LILIACEAE. Lity Famtity.

Flowers polygamo-dioecious; perianth-segments 1-nerved; filaments filiform;
fruit thin and membranous, bursting irregularly. 1. Nolina.
Flowers perfect; perianth-segments many-nerved; filaments clavate; fruit a
thick-walled capsule, or baccate, septicidal or loculicidal.
Style filiform; stigma capitate, long-papillate. 2. Hesperoyucca.
Style stout or wanting, 6-notched, openly perforate.

(334)

Perianth-segments thick; nectar glands small; style wanting.

3. Cletstoyucca.
Perianth-segments thin; nectar glands large; style evident.

4. Yucca.

1. NOLINA.
1. Noxina Parryr S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.

Type locality: “California (western border of the San Bernardino
Desert); Parry, 1876.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the oe Bernardino and the San
Jacinto Mountains on the western border of the Colorado Desert.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Canyon, San Bernardino
Mountains, Parish 3145; Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto Mountains,
altitude 2000 meters, Hall 2432; Southeastern base of Mount
San Jacinto, altitude 1500 meters, Hall 1819; San Felipe, Bran-
degee, April 30, 1894.

2. HESPEROYUCCA. SpanisH BAYONET.

1. Hesperoyucca Wuipp.et (Torr.) Baker, Kew Bull. 1892: 8.
1892.

Yucca Whipple: Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 222. 1859.
Yucca gramintfolia Wood, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868: 167. 1868.
Yucca Whipple graminifolia Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 230.

1880.

Type locality: “Near San Pasqual, southern California.”

Distribution: Monterey County and the southern Sierra Nevada
southward to the vicinity of Alamo, Lower California. In southern
California the Spanish bayonet is common throughout the chapar-
ral covered areas of the coast slope; it also occurs in the pifion belt
of the desert slopes. A purple flowered form was collected by the
writer (3547) in the foothills of San Diego County. In the vicinity
of Fort Tejon (Abrams & McGregor 270) a more compact form,
with flowers scarcely half the normal size, grows associated with
typical plants.

Specimens examined: Soldiers Camp, near Fort Tejon, Abrams
€F McGregor 270, 271; Sulphur Mountain Spring, Abrams &
McGregor 41; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 2564; Cajon Pass, Bigelow, 1853; San Pasqual, Schott;
near Dulzura, Abrams 3547.

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3. CLEISTOYUCCA. Josnua TREE.

1. CLEISTOYUCCA ARBORESCENS (Torr.) Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 13: 41. 1902.

Yucca draconis arborescens Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 147. 1857.
Yucca brevifolia Engelm. King Exped. 5: 496. 1871. Not

Schott. 1859.

Yucca arborescens Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 163.

1892.

Type locality: “Sandy and gravelly plains west of the Colorado,
California.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert of southern California east and
north to southern Nevada, northeastern Arizona, and southwestern
Utah. It forms orchard-like groves between the juniper and Co-
villea belts. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Desert slopes of the Tehachapi Moun-
tains, near Willow Springs, Abrams &% McGregor 430.

Ao Ber?) YSCAs

1. YUCCA MOHAVENSIS Sargent, Gard. & For. 9: 104. 1896.

Type locality: “Most abundant and grows to its largest size
on the Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Northwestern Arizona and southwestern Nevada
westward through the Mohave Desert and southward along the
western border of the Colorado Desert to northern Lower Cali-
fornia, where it extends westward into the coastal region in the
vicinity of San Diego. This species is said to have been collected
by Parry near Monterey, but we strongly suspect that this is an
error through confusion of labels. Parry’s plants in all probability
came from San Diego, for so far as we are aware the plant has not
been found in the coastal region north of this locality.

Specimens examined: San Dieguito (Bernardo), Abrams 3400;
San Diego, Jones 3163; San Timotea Canyon, Hall 5751; western
base of Mount Santa Rosa, Hall 1905.

SALICACEAE. Wi tiow Famity.

Stamens numerous, bracts fimbriate or lacerate. 1. Populus.
Stamens I-5; bracts entire or denticulate. 2. Salix.

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1. POPULUS. Poprtar or CotTronwoop.

Petioles terete; ovary tomentose. 1. P. trichocarpa.
Petioles flattened; ovary glabrous.

Leaves coarsely serrate-dentate; capsules globose; stigma-lobes dilated.

2. P. Fremontii.

Leaves finely crenate-serrate; capsules oblong-conic; stigma-lobes linear.

3. P. tremuloides.

1. Poputus TRicHocarpa Torr. & Gray; Hook. Ic. Pl. 9: 9/. 878.
1852.

Type locality: “Santa Clara River, near Beneventano [Ven-
tural, California.”

Distribution: British Columbia and western Montana, south-
ward throughout California. The mountain forms often develop
narrow leaves that approach P. angustifolia, but there seem to be
no stable characters that warrant their separation as a distinct
variety or species. In southern California this species occurs
in the Upper Sonoran on the coastal slope, and in the Transition
and the lower altitudes of the Canadian Zones. In the Lower
Sonoran of the interior valleys, at San Diego, and on the deserts,
it is replaced by P. Fremontit.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain Spring, near Santa
Paula, Abrams & McGregor 58; Monrovia Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Dudley, Nov. 20, 1907; Bear Valley, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 738.

2. Poputus Fremontu S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 350. 1875.

Type locality: “On Deer Creek at ‘Lassen’s’ in the upper
Sacramento Valley.”

Distribution: Sacramento Valley south to northern Lower Cali-
fornia, and eastward to southern Colorado and western Texas.
In southern California this species occurs along most of the streams
of the interior valleys, approaching the coast in San Diego County;
it is also abundant in the canyons on the desert slopes of all the
mountains. A form with pubescent twigs, foliage, and peduncles,
which occurs on the delta of the Colorado River, may prove worthy
of recognition when more complete material is at hand. My own
specimens from Elsinore Lake are fully as pubescent as the delta
plants, but specimens from Cajon Pass (Abrams &9 McGregor 695)
are only sparsely so, thus approaching the typical form which is
glabrous.

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Specimens examined: Elizabeth Lake, Liebre Mountains, 4)-
rams €F McGregor 412; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 556; near Claremont, Baker 5347; Cajon
Pass, Abrams &F McGregor 695; San Bernardino, Parish, March,
1902; San Dieguito River, near San Dieguito (Bernardo), Abrams
3370; Calexico, G. D. Abrams, Feb., 1910.

3. PopuLus TREMULOIDES Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1803.
Type locality: ‘““Hab. in Canada et Noveboraco.”
Distribution: The quaking aspen is distributed through the

Canadian Zone of California, and extends from San Pedro Martir

northward to Alaska, thence across the northern part of the con-

tinent, ranging southward along the mountains to New Mexico
and Pennsylvania. Only one locality has been discovered in

southern California, viz., Grinnell (Univ. Calif. Pub. Zoology 5: 34.

1908) reports several groves ‘fon the west side of the upper

Fish Creek Canyon, north of San Gorgonio Peak, at altitudes of

7000 to 7600 feet.”

2. SALIX. Wittow.

Stamens 3 or more; bark furrowed; trees.
Leaves green on both surfaces; stipules glandular; ovary often pubescent.

1. S. vallicola.
Leaves pale beneath; capsule glabrous.

Petioles with glands near the base of the blade; stipules conspicuous,
glandular. 2. S. lasiandra.
Petioles and stipules not glandular, the latter often wanting.

3. S. laevigata.
Stamens 2; bark not furrowed; trees or shrubs.

Scales of the ament black or black-tipped.
Ovary and capsule glabrous.
Leaves entire or remotely and obscurely serrate, becoming rusty=
glaucous beneath; scales pubescent or short-villous.
4. S. lasiolepis.
Leaves finely serrate, becoming smooth and pale beneath; scales
long-villous. 5. S. Watsoni.
Ovary and capsule pubescent.
Aments appearing before the leaves; styles none.
6. S. Scouleriana.
Aments appearing with the leaves; styles evident.
7. S. glaucops.
Scales of the ament pale.
Ovary glabrous; leaves sparsely appressed-pubescent.
8. S. exigua. .
Ovary pubescent at least sparsely so when young; leaves more or
less densely silky. 9. S. argophylla.

(338)

1..Satrx vatticora (Dudley) Britton, N. Am. Trees 184. 1908.

Salix nigra vallicola Dudley in Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles 100. 1904.

Type locality: “Along the Santa Ana River near Orange,”

California.
Distribution: Streambanks in the Sacramento and San Joaquin
valleys, southward into southern California. This variety differs
from the true Salix nigra in its glandular stipules, and obovate
or rounded instead of ovate bracts of the staminate aments. Speci-
mens from the Colorado Desert (Abrams 3195) have the bracts
of the staminate aments glandular-toothed. ‘There are other
evidences that this desert plant is distinct from the coast species,
but more material is needed to satisfactorily determine its relation-
ship. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Gorman’s Station, Antelope Valley,
Abrams &§ McGregor 314; Santa Ana River, near Orange, Abrams
32506; near Santa Ana, Helen D. Geis; Elsinore, Baker 4146;
San Dieguito River, Abrams 3371; San Diego River, San Diego,
Abrams 3410; Tia Juana, Abrams 3484; Blue Lake, Imperial
County, Abrams 3195.

2. SALIX LASIANDRA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857.

Type locality: ““Ad flumen Sacramento.”

Distribution: Southwestern British Columbia and western
Washington and Oregon, southward to southern California. Upper
Sonoran and Transition.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles River, near Tropico, Abrams
1449; Pasadena, Grant 1160; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish
4635, 4677; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 730.

3. SALIX LAEVIGATA Bebb. Am. Nat. 8: 202. 1874.

Type locality: “California, at Santa Cruz, also ‘Ukiah’ and
Alameda Co.”

Distribution: Siskiyou County south to the northern part of
Lower California. In southern California this species is frequent
along the principal streams. Upper Sonoran and Transition.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain Spring, near Santa
Paula, Abrams tf McGregor 60; Topatopa Mountains, Abrams
McGregor 121; Los Angeles River, near Rivera, Abrams 3253;
Ballona Creek, near Mesmer, Abrams 1467; near Chatsworth,

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Abrams 1362; Santa Ana, Helen D. Geis 554; Cosey Dell, Cajon
Pass, Abrams 3 McGregor, 693; West Fork of Mohave River,
Abrams &F McGregor 722; Jamul Valley, Susan G. Stokes, July,
1895; near El Nido, Abrams 3541; Campo, Abrams 3615.

4. SALIX LASIOLEPIS Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857.

Type locality: “Ad ripas fluviorum Salinas et Carmel prope
Monterey,”

Distribution: Klamath River, southward to the northern part
of Lower California, also in southern Arizona. In southern Cali-
fornia this is the most common willow in the valleys and foothills.
A form occurs in the upper parts of the Transition Zone strikingly
different in habit. It is a bush forming low round clumps. The
leaves are much smaller and paler.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3911; Santa Ynez
Mountains, Elmer 3873; Topatopa Mountains, altitude 1860
meters, Abrams & McGregor 105; Rock Creek, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 541; Inglewood, Abrams 3103;
vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish, May, 1899; Fish Creek, San
Bernardino Mountains, Grinnell 35.

5. Satrx Wartsoni (Bebb.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 33: 137.
1906.

Salix cordata Watsoni Bebb. Bot. Calif. 2: 86. 1880.

Type locality: “Near Carson City (Watson), and in Sierra
County, Lemmon.”

Distribution: Utah westward to the eastern slopes of the Sierra
Nevada and southward to the San Jacinto Mountains.

Specimens examined: Tahquitz Creek, San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Hall 2447.

6. Satrx ScouLERIANA Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838:

Salix flavescens Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 65. 1842.
Salix Nuttallit Sarg. Gard. & Forest 8: 463. 1895.
Type locality: “North West America, on the Columbia.”
Distribution: Southern Assiniboia southward through the
Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico and Arizona, and along
the Cascada Mountains and the Sierra Nevada to the San Ber-
nardino Mountains. ‘Transition.
Specimens examined: Faunskin Park, San Bernardino Moun-

(340 )

tains, Parish 4904; Snow Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Parish 5047; Deep Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
€¥ McGregor 729; Bluff Lake, Grinnell roo.

7. SALIX GLAucops Anderss. in DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2: 281. 1858.

Salix glauca villosa Anderss. Sal. Bor. Am. 22. 1858.
Salix glaucops villosa Anderss. in DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2: 281.

1858.

Type locality: “In omni America septentrionali usque ad fl.
Saskatchawan crescere dicitur.”’

Distribution: British Columbia eastward to the Rocky Moun-
tains and southward to New Mexico and southern California.
Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Dollar Lake Canyon, altitude 2790 meters,
Hall 7667; Abrams &§ McGregor 767.

8. Satix eExicua Nutt. N. Am. Sylval: 75. 1842.

Salix longifolia exigua Bebb. Bot. Calif. 2: 85. 1880.

Type locality: “On the immediate border of the Oregon below
its confluence with the Wahlamet.”

Distribution: The Columbia Basin, eastward through the Great
Basin region and southward to New Mexico. In California I
have seen specimens from only the Imperial Valley, where it is
often abundant along the main canals and channels leading from
the Colorado River. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Calexico, G.D. Abrams, July, 1902.

g. SALIX ARGOPHYLLA Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 71, pl. 20. 1842.

Salix longifolia argophylla Anderss. in DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2: 214.

1868.

Salix Hindsiana Benth. (?) Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857.
Salix Parishiana Rowlee, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27: 249. 1900.
Salix macrostachya leucodermis Rowlee, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27:

250. 1900.

Type locality: “On the Boise River, toward its junction with
the Shoshonee,”’ Idaho.

Distribution: Washington south through Oregon and Cali-
fornia to northern Lower California, and extending eastward to
the Rocky Mountains. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains,

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Abrams &§ McGregor 406; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3670;
Ten Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams &9 McGregor 1609; be-
tween Oakgrove Canyon & Elizabeth Lake, Abrams &F McGregor
406; Inglewood, Abrams 1493; Cienega, Abrams, March, 1899;
vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4486; Waterman Canyon,
Shaw & Illingsworth 4; Cosey Dell, Cajon Pass, Abrams (3 McGregor
694; Santa Ana River, Helen D. Gets 553; Tia Juana River, Herre,
Aug. 1902, Abrams 3485; San Diego River, San Diego, Abrams
3419.
MYRICACEAE. Bayperry Famity.

1. MYRICA. Wax myRTLE.

1. Myrica catirornicaA Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 6: 535.
1831.

Type locality: “Legimus ad portum sancti Francisci Californiae.”

Distribution: Moist, usually wooded slopes near the coast,
from Puget Sound to the vicinity of Santa Monica. This species
is most abundant in the Pacific Humid Area of the Transition
Zone.

Specimens examined: Rustic Canyon, near Santa Monica,
Hasse, May and July, 1890; McClatchie, Aug. 30, 1896.

JUGLANDACEAE. Watnut Famity.
1. JUGLANS. Watnuvt.

I. JuGLANs catiForNnicA §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 349.
1875, excluding synonymy.

Type locality: “Vicinity of San Francisco growing 40-60 feet
high and 2-4 feet in diameter, and ranging southward to Santa
Barbara, Southern Arizona and Sonora.”

Distribution: Ojai Valley, Ventura County, southward to the
Santa Ana Mountains. It is most abundant on north slopes of
the coastal mountains (Sulphur Mountain, Santa Monica Moun-
tains, and Puente Hills) but extends eastward along the San Ga-
briel and the San Bernardino Mountains to the vicinity of San
Bernardino. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain, Abrams § McGregor
9; Cahuenga Pass, Abrams 1243; Glendora, Baker 5294; Lone
Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams McGregor
6o!.

(342 )

BETULACEAE. Bircu Famity.

1. ALNUS. ALpeEr.

1. AtNus RHOMBIFOLIA Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 33. 1842.

. Type locality: “In the vicinity of Monterey, in Upper Cali-
fornia.”

Distribution: Idaho and eastern Washington south through
the Sierra Nevada and the Coast Ranges to San Diego. In
southern California the alder is most frequent along streams in
the mountains from 400-1000 meters. On the coastal slope it
sometimes extends along the streams well into the valleys, espe-
cially in the vicinity of Pasadena. On the desert slopes it extends
down the principal streams to the juniper belt. Transition and
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain Spring, near Santa
Paula, Abrams &§ McGregor 59; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams tf McGregor 126; Rock Creek, desert slope
of the San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 527; Arroyo
Seco, near Pasadena, Grant 36.

FAGACEAE. Beecu Famity.

Involucre 1-flowered; fruit an acorn.
Staminate aments densely flowered, erect; cup of acorn conspicuously

echinate. 1. Pasania.
Staminate aments loosely flowered, drooping; cup of acorn scaly (in

ours), not echinate. 2. Quercus.
Involucre 1-3-flowered, becoming a spiny bur in fruit. 3. Castanopsis.

1. PASANIA. Tan-Bark OAK.

1. PasaNIA DENSIFLORA (Hook. & Arn.) Oerst. in Kloeb. Vidensk.
Meddel. 84. 1866.

Quercus densiflora Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 391. 1841.
Type locality: “California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: The tan-bark oak extends from the Umqua
Valley of southern Oregon southward through the Coast Ranges
to Santa Barbara County, and on the western slopes of the Sierra
Nevada as far south as Mariposa County. ‘Transition.
Specimens examined: La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, Abrams 4310.

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1. QUERCUS. Oak.

Styles slender, elongated; nut tomentose within; cup-scales thin; leaves or
their lobes bristle-tipped; wood reddish. (Black oaks.)
Acorns developing the second year.
Leaves deciduous, large, deeply lobed. 1. Q. Kelloggii.
Leaves evergreen, small, bright green and shiny beneath.
2. Q. Wislizent.
Acorns developing the first year; leaves evergreen, pale beneath.
3. Q. agrifolia.
Styles short, dilated; scales thickened on the back; leaves seldom bristle-
tipped; wood white. (White oaks.)
Acorns developing the second year; cups very thick; nuts tomentose
within; leaves evergreen, tomentose beneath.
Leaves entire or spinose-toothed; branchlets not divaricate; acorns

rounded at apex. 4. Q. chrysolepis.
Leaves coarsely spinose-toothed, undulate; branchlets rigid and
divaricate; acorns pointed at apex. 5. Q. Dunnit.

Acorns developing the first year; nut glabrous within.
Leaves deciduous, more or less lobed; trees.
Leaves dark green above; deeply lobed or parted; cups deep;

branchlets pendulous. 6. Q. lobata.
Leaves blue-green above, shallowly lobed; cups shallow; branch-
lets not pendulous. 7. Q. Douglasit.

Leaves evergreen.
Trees; leaves entire or shallowly lobed, not spinose-toothed.
8. Q. Engelmanni.
Shrubs; leaves usually more or less spinose-toothed.
Leaves nearly or quite glabrous above; twigs rusty-pubes-

cent.
Cups saucer-shaped; scales thick and rounded on the
back. 9. Q. dumosa.
Cup turbinate; scales thin. 10. Q. turbinella.
Leaves gray with a stellate-pubescence above; twigs grayish-
pubescent. 11. Q. Alvordiana.

1. QuERcus Ketiocei Newb. Pacif. R. Rep. 6: 28, f. 6. 1857.

Quercus tinctoria californica Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 138. 1857.
Quercus californica Cooper, Smiths. Rep. 261. 1858.

Type locality: ‘South and north of San Francisco in the Coast
Mountains,” and “between Fort Redding and Lassen’s Butte,
on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada.”

Distribution: Southern Oregon southward through the Coast
Ranges and the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro Martir, Lower Cali-
fornia. In southern California the California black oak is con-
fined to the coniferous forests of the mountains, and 1 is a charac-
teristic tree of the Transition Zone.

(344)

Specimens examined: Near the summit of Frazier Mountain,
Dudley 4469; Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 480; Rock Creek Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 604; Swartout Valley, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 649; Mill Creek Falls, San Bernardino
Mountains, Parish 5068; Cuiamaca Mountains, Susan G. Stokes,

July, 1895; Abrams 3950.

2. Quercus Wisiizen1 A. DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2: 67. 1864.

Quercus Wislizeni frutescens Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 2: 99. 1880.
Quercus parvula Greene, Pittonia 1: 40. 1887.

Type locality: Originally given as Mexican, but later corrected
(Trans. St. Louis. Acad. 3: 396. 1877) to “the American Fork
of the Sacramento River,” California.

Distribution: Southern slopes of Mount Shasta southward in the
Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro Martir
Mountain. In southern California it occurs in the upper part of
the chaparral belt of all the mountains. The shrubby form is
the common type, but occasionally trees 20-25 feet high have
been observed (Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
and Swartout Valley, San Gabriel Mountains). Transition and
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined; Santa Ynez Mountains, Franceschi, 1894;
Cuddy’s ranch, near Mt. Frazier, Dudley 4366; Mount Lowe, Dud-
ley, July 20, 1896; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 152; Kings Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Dudley 4346;
Swartout Valley, San Gabriel Mountain, Abrams McGregor
661; Lytle Creek Canyon, Hall gor; Arrowhead grade, Shaw and
Illingsworth 16; Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Shaw €&% Illingsworth 155; Spencer Valley, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Abrams 3875; Cuiamaca Peak, Abrams 3950; Walker’s ranch,
near Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3607.

3. QuERcuS aGRIFOLIA Nee, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 271. 1801.

Quercus oxyadenia Torr. Sitg. Rep. 172, pl. 17. 1853.

Quercus berberidifolia Liebm. Oversigt Dansk. Vidensk. 1854,
172. 20864.

Quercus arcoglandis Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 25. 1855.

Quercus agrifolia frutescens Engelm. Bot. Calif. 2: 98. 1880.

Quercus agrifolia berberifolia Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3:
203. 1885.

(345 )

Type locality: “I have only seen branches collected at Monterey
and Nootka, by the marine officer Don Robredo, and Don Manuel
Esquerra, paymaster of the corvette Atrevida.” The above is
copied from the translation of Nee’s paper in the Annals of Botany
(2: 106. 1806). The station ‘‘Nootka” must be erroneous.

Distribution: Mendocino County southward through the Coast
Ranges to Mt. San Pedro Martir, Lower California. In southern
California this oak is confined to the coast slope, even becoming
very uncommon in the interior valleys. Its most eastern station
is in the mountains between Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring,
San Diego County. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sespe Hot Springs, Dudley 4781; Switzer’s
Camp, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell, Oct. 8, 1908; near
Julian, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; Alpine, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Mearns 3049, 4014.

Quercus morehus Kell. This oak is apparently a hybrid be-
tween Q. Kelloggii and Q. Wislizeni. It is never found except in
the vicinity of these species, and never in large numbers. ‘Two
trees have been discovered recently in southern California:
between Swartout Valley and Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 666; near Skinner’s Camp, Mill
Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 9 McGregor 819.

4. QuERCUS cHRYSOLEPIS Liebm. Dansk. Vidensk. Forhandl.
18545:173- 1854.
Quercus fulvescens Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 67. 1855.
Quercus crassipocula Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4, pt. 1: 137. 1857.

Type locality: “California.”

Distribution: Southern Oregon southward through the Coast
Ranges and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro
Martir Mountain. In southern California the canyon oak occurs
in the lower part of the Transition Zone and extends into the
Upper Sonoran along the canyons.

Specimens examined: Kings Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Dudley
4304, 4430; Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 431; Frazier Mountain, Dudley 4541; Mount Wilson trail,
San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 90; Talley’s ranch, Cuiamaca
Mountains, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895.

Quercus tomentella Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 3: 393.
1877. Foliage resembling that of Pasania densiflora; leaves

(346)

oblong-ovate strongly nerved and tomentose beneath. Peculiar
to the islands off the coast of southern California.

5. Quercus Dunnu Kell. Pacif. Rural Press. June 7, 1879.

Quercus Palmeri Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 2: 97. 1880.
Quercus chrysolepis Palmeri Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 3:

3534 1977-

Type locality: Not ascertained.

Distribution: Mountains of southern San Diego County south-
ward into Lower California. This oak has been reported from
Vandeventer’s ranch, San Jacinto Mountains, otherwise it is
known within the state only in the region where it was first dis-
covered, which is a small grove about five miles west of Jacumba
Hot Spring (Larken’s Station). It probably belongs to the
pifion belt of the Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Walker’s ranch, near Jacumba Hot Spring,

Abrams 3608.

6. QuERcus LoBATA Nee, Anal. Nat. 3: 277. 1801.

Quercus Hindsii Benth. Bot. Sulph. 55. 1844.
Quercus lobata Hindsii Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 188.

1885.

Quercus longiglanda Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Geog. Mem. Upper

Calif. 17. 1848.

Type locality: “Of this species I have only seen branches
brought from Monterey by Sres. Robredo and Esquerra.” ‘The
citation given here is copied from a translation of Nee’s paper in
Annals of Botany (2: 111. 1806).

Distribution: Valleys and low hills from the upper Sacramento
southward to San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles County. In
southern California the roble or valley oak does not occur south
of the Santa Monica, Mountains except for a single tree near Santa
Monica, and another young one near Lamanda Park. North of the
Santa Monica Mountains it occurs in the San Fernando, Simi,
Santa Clara, and Ojai Valleys. On the desert slopes of the moun-
tains it enters our territory through Tejon Pass and extends along
the western border of Antelope Valley to the vicinity of Elizabeth
Lake, Liebre Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Canyon near Castac Lake, Dudley 4460;
Soldier’s Camp, near Fort Tejon, Abrams &9 McGregor 273; Oak-

( 347 )

grove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 825;
Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams &f McGregor 4092;
Chatsworth, Abrams 1335.

7. Quercus Douctasit Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 391. 1841.

Quercus Ransomt Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 25. 1855.
Quercus oblongifolia brevilobata ‘Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 460.
1874.
Type locality: “California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: In the foothills and valleys of the Coast Ranges
and Sierra Nevada from Mendocino County and the upper Sacra-
mento Valley to the southern slopes of the Tehachapi Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Canyon above Castac Lake, Dudley 4470,
Lebec Station, near Fort Tejon, Abrams & McGregor 285.

8. QuERcus EncEtmanni Greene, West. Am. Oaks 33, pl. 15,
F. 2; 36 Dl. T7.) /RBBO:
Quercus MacDonald: elegantula Greene, W. Am. Oaks, 26, pl. 29.

1890.

Type locality: “Mountains of southern California, from the
mesas east of San Diego northward to Kern County.”

Distribution: Valleys and low foothills in the vicinity of Pasa-
dena southward through western San Diego County, and probably
extending into Lower California. Hybrids between this species
and Q. dumosa often occur. Quercus MacDonald elegantula was
based upon one of these. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Gabriel, Engelmann, Sept. 18, 1880;
near Pasadena, Grinnell, Dec. 1903; Santa Anita, Grinnell 126;
Sierra Madre, Abrams 1490; Fallbrook, Parish, Nov. 5, 1891;
Potrero, Orcutt 2209; Alpine, Mearns 3952.

Quercus MacDonaldi Greene, W. Am. Oaks 25. 1889. Aspecies
peculiar to Santa Catilina Island. Small tree with foliage much
like that of Q. Douglasit.

9g. QuERcus pumMosa Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 7. 1842.

Quercus acutidens Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 207, pl. 51. 1859.
Quercus dumosa polycarpa Greene, West Am. Oaks pt. 2, pl. 28.
1890.

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Type locality: “Entangled thickets over the base of the hills
which flank the village of Santa Barbara.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges from Lake County southward to
northern Lower California, also on the western slope of the Sierra
Nevada. In southern California this is the most common shrub
in the chaparral belt of the coastal mountains, but less common in
the interior. On the desert slopes of the mountains it is seldom
met with, being mostly replaced by the next species. As here
understood the species has a great number of forms or variations,
both in foliage and fruit. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara,
Abrams 4108; head of Santa Clara Valley, Rothrock 186; Oakgrove
Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 332; Santa
Monica Mountains Hasse, Dec. 1891; Abrams 866, 1285, 1311;
Verdugo Hills, Abrams 1419, 1420; Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena,
Grinnell, Dec. 22, 1908; Switzer’s Camp, San Gabriel Mountains,
Grinnell, Oct. 8, 1908; Sawpit Canyon, near Monrovia, Dudley,
Dec. 27, 1907; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3684; Cajon Pass,
Coville {F Funston 115; near Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto
Mountains, Leiberg 3113; Santa Ana Mountains, near Elsinore,
Abrams, July 21, 1908; San Joaquin Hills, near Laguna, Abrams
1784; San Dieguito (Benardo), Abrams 3377; near San Ysabel,
Henshaw 227; San Diego, Abrams 4or4.

10. QUERCUS TURBINELLA Greene, W. Am. Oaks 37, fl. 27.
1889.
Quercus dumosa turbinella Jepson, Fl. Calif. 356. 1909.

Type locality: “In the mountains of Lower California, where
it is associated with the rare and characteristic Q. dunnii also
within the borders of the State of California about Campo, in
San Diego County.”

Distribution: Inner South Coast Range from the Rancho Can-
tera southward to Frazier Mountain according to Jepson. I have
seen no specimens of this species except from the vicinity of Campo,
where it is very common in the chaparral-covered mountains which
form the divide between the coast slope and the Colorado Desert.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Campo, Abrams 3552, 3553; Meikle,
Nov. 1903.

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11. Quercus Atvorpiana Eastwood, Handb. Trees Calif. 48,
pl. 27, fig. 4. 1905.

Type locality: “In the mountains connecting the Coast Range
with the Sierra Nevada at the southern end of the San Joaquin
Valley bordering the deserts.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the southern California moun-
tains, extending from the Tehachapi Mountains southward into
Lower California. This species may be only a form of Q. pungens
to which it is certainly very closely related. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Frazier Borax Mine, Mount Pinos, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 266; Oriflamme Canyon, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Abrams 3935.

3. CASTANOPSIS. Curnquapin.

1. CASTANOPSIS SEMPERVIRENS (Kell.) Dudley; Merriam, N. Am.
Fauna, no. 16: 142. 1899.

Castanea sempervirens Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 75. 1855.
Type locality: “From the vicinity of Mariposa.”
Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains southward through

the Sierra Nevada and the mountains of southern California, to

the San Jacinto Mountains. In southern California it occupies

a comparatively distinct belt in the border line between the Tran-

sition and Canadian Zones.

Specimens examined: North Baldy, Abrams & McGregor 607;

Mount San Antonio, Abrams 2712; Mount San Gorgonio, altitude

3200 meters, Abrams &F McGregor 759.

POLYGONACEAE. Bucxwueat Famity.
1. ERIOGONUM. Witp BuckwHEat.

Involucres capitate or fascicled, in cymose-umbellate clusters; bracts foli-
aceous.
Leaves orbicular to oblong, not fascicled.
Peduncles elongated; flowers very villous.
1. E. cinereum.
Peduncles short; flowers glabrous. 2. E. parvifolium.
Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, often revolute, more or less fascicled.
Perianth glabrous without; leaves nearly so.
3. E. fasciculatum.
Perianth villous without.
Leaves green and nearly glabrous above; involucres 3 mm. high.
3a. E. fasciculatum foliolosum.

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Leaves hoary-tomentose above; involucres 4-5 mm. high.
3b. E. fasciculatum polifolium.
Involucres solitary, sessile along the branches; bracts not foliaceous.
Involucres tomentose.
Inflorescence virgately branched; branches slender becoming more

or less denuded of tomentum. 4. E. taxifolium.
Inflorescence with spreading, stout branches, permanently and
densely white-tomentose. 5. E. nodosum.

Involucres glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence intricately branched.
Leaves densely tomentose; involucral teeth villous on the margins.
6. E. Plumatella.
Leaves glabrate; involucral teeth glabrous.
7. E. Heermanni.

1. ERIOGONUM CINEREUM Benth. Bot. Sulph. 45. 1844.

Type locality: “San Pedro.”

Distribution: Bluffs along the seashore and in the coastal foot-
hills of southern California from the vicinity of Santa Barbara
to San Pedro. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Ventura, Hasse, Sept. 15, 1888; Santa
Monica, Hasse, Sept. 1889; S. B. & W. F. Parish, 1882; Abrams

2103.

2. ERIOGONUM PARVIFOLIUM Smith in Rees. Cycl. 13. 1819.

Type locality: “California.” First collected by Menzies, prob-
ably at Monterey.

Distribution: Seashore of California from Monterey to San
Diego County. A common shrub on the sand-dunes. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3908, 4013; Abrams
4162; Santa Monica, Hasse, 1894; Playa del Rey (Ballona Harbor),
Abrams 212; Oceanside, Parish 4446.

3. Er1oconum FascicuLaTum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 411.
1838.

Eriogonum rosmarinifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. II. 1: 164.
1847.

Eriogonum fasciculatum aspalathoides Gdgr. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
42: 189. 1906.

Eriogonum fasciculatum maritimum Parish, Muhlenbergia 3: 59.
1907.
Type locality: “California.”

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Distribution: Santa Barbara southward to northern Lower Cali-
fornia. Apparently most abundant about San Diego. Through-
out the greater part of the coastal slope of southern California
the typical form is replaced by the next. Upper and Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Chollas Valley, Susan G. Stokes, July 21,
1901; Dulzura, Susan G. Stokes, July 17, 1901; San Diego, Herre,
July 5, 1902; Tia Juana, Abrams 3510.

3a. Eriogonum fasciculatum foliolosum (Nutt.) Stokes.

Eriogonum rosmarinifolium foliolosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad.
hE pb 1643 0 1847.
Type locality: “(Near Santa Barbara Upper California.”
Distribution: A very common shrub in the lower altitudes of
the chaparral belt on the coastal slope, extending from the vicinity
of Santa Barbara to Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara,
Abrams 4126; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 389 (“Growing with the variety polifolium and appar-
ently not intergrading”); Pasadena, Jones 3019; Sierra Madre,
Abrams 2643; San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams 1048; Lone Pine
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 9 McGregor 679 (inter-
mediate between this variety and the next); vicinity of San Ber-
nardino, Parish 538; Banning, Towmy, Sept. 27, 1894; Santiago
Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Gets 524; Elsinore,
Mrs. J. D. Abrams, May, 1901.

3b. ERIOGONUM FASCICULATUM POLIFOLIUM (Benth.) Torr. &
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 169. 1870.

Eriogonum poltfolium Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 12. 1857.

Type locality: “In Sierra Nevada, California (Fremont), and
San Diego (Parry).”

Distribution: On the desert slopes of all the mountains of
Southern California mostly within the pifion belt, and occasion-
ally occurring in the more arid interior parts of the coast slope.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Fort Tejon, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 291; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 134; Willow Springs, Mohave Desert, Abrams &
McGregor 420; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &

( 352)

McGregor 324; Rock Creek, desert slope of the San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 540.

4. ERI0GONUM TAXIFOLIUM Greene, Pittonia 1: 267. 1889.

Eriogonum Wrightwi taxifolium Parish, Erythea 6: 87. 1898.

Type locality: Cedros Island, “from a canyon on the eastern
side, four miles below the northern end.”

Distribution: San Jacinto Mountains southward to Cedros
Island. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cuiamaca Mountains, Parry 1850; Allen,
1897; Miss Stokes, Aug. 4, 1899; Jacumba Hot Spring (Larkens),
Palmer 343; near Warner ranch, Hayes, Oct. 10, 1858; open pine
forests in the vicinity of Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Moun-
tains, altitude 1700-2000 meters, Hall 2608; Hemet Valley,
Hall 755.

5. Er10oGoNUM NoposuM Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 48.
1898.

Type locality: “In dry soil, Don Cabesas, California.”
Distribution: A desert species, known only from the original
collection. Lower Sonoran.

6. Erroconum Piumatetia Dur. & Hilg. Pacif. R. Rep. 5: 14,
Pl EO. VOTRE:

Eriogonum Palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 267. 1877.
Type locality: ‘“‘Posa Creek,” Kern County, California.
Distribution: Mohave Desert of southern California eastward

to southern Utah. In southern California this species is charac-

teristic of the yucca belt. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Desert slope of the Tehachapi Moun-
tains between Tehachapi and Mohave, Abrams &¥ McGregor 407;
Palmdale, Abrams & McGregor 515; Rock Creek, edge of Mohave
Desert, Davidson, Aug. 1, 1901; Mohave River, near the Hesperia,
Abrams 2165.

7. ErroconuM Heermanni Dur. & Hilg. Pacif. R. Rep. 5: 14, pl.
17. ¢ 1855.
Type locality: “Rose Creek,”’ California.
Distribution: Western Nevada southward through the Pinon
belt to Mount Pinos. Upper Sonoran.

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Specimens examined: Frazier Borax Mine, Mount Pinos, altitude
1600 meters, Abrams &F McGregor 267.

CHENOPODIACEAE. Gooseroot Famity.

Flowers unisexual.
Staminate flowers with 3-5-cleft perianth; pistillate flowers without
perianth, enclosed in a pair of more or less united bracts.

Bracts compressed. 1. Atriplex.
Bracts obcompressed.
Pericarp glabrous, winged. 2. Grayia.
Pericarp hairy, not winged. 3. Eurotia.

Staminate flowers without perianth; pistillate with a saccate perianth.
6. Sarcobatus.
Flowers perfect.
Leaves none; flowers immersed in the fleshy stems. 4. Allenrolfea.
Leaves terete; flowers not immersed in the stems. 5. Dondia.

1. ATRIPLEX. Satt-susz.

Fruiting bracts without lateral wings.
Fruiting bracts without free diverging margins; leaves petioled.
Branches terete, flexuous (or slightly spinescent in no. 1).
Calyx-segments 5; bracts obscurely crenate. 1. A. lentiformis.

Calyx-segments 4; bracts entire. 2. A. Brewert.
Branches distinctly angled, the ultimate divaricate and spinescent;
bracts denticulate. 3. A. Torreyt.
Fruiting bracts with free diverging margins.
Margins of bracts toothed, sides muricate. 4. A. polycarpa.

Margins of bracts entire, sides not muricate.
Leaves entire, sessile or nearly so.
Fruiting bracts 6-10 mm. long; leaves cuneate at base.
5. A. confertifolia.
Fruiting bracts 3 mm. long; leaves cordate at base.
6. A. Parryt.
Leaves coarsely toothed. 7. A. hymenelytra.
Fruiting bracts with 4 broadly dilated lateral wings. 8. A. canescens.

1. ATRIPLEX LENTIFORMIS (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:
Rio. O74.

Obione lentiformis Torr. Sitg. Rep. 169, pl. 14. 1854.

Type locality: “On the Colorado of California.”

Distribution: Upper San Joaquin Valley southward through
the deserts of southern California, and Arizona to adjacent Mexico.
Growing in heavy alkaline soil. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Imperial Valley, near Calexico, G. D.
Abrams, Sept. 1902; Mountain Spring, Palmer 328.

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2. AtripLEX Brewer S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 119. 1874.

Atriplex orbicularis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 377.° 1882.

Type locality: “On the seashore at Santa Monica (Brewer)
and Santa Barbara, Torrey.”

Distribution: Bluffs and low places, especially in clay soil, along
the seashore from Santa Barbara to northern San Diego County.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara Torrey 459; Elmer 4016;
Ventura, Hasse 4193; Santa Monica, Brewer, Dec. 1860, Abrams
2189.

3. AtripLex Torrey S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 119. 1874.

Obione Torreyi S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 290. 1871.

Type locality: “In dry valleys bordering the Truckee and
Carson Rivers,”’ Nevada.

Distribution: Western Nevada and southern Utah to Antelope
Valley, Mohave Desert, where it is common about Lancaster and
Willow Springs. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lancaster, Wells, Dec. 1909.

3. ATRIPLEX POLYcARPA (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:
L173) Oy;
Obione polycarpa Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 130. 1857.
Type locality: “Hills and gravely places, on William’s River.”
Distribution: Deserts of southern California eastward to
Arizona. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Colorado Desert, Pringle, Oct. 24, 1882;
Emory, Oct. 28, 1846.

4. ATRIPLEX CONFERTIFOLIA (Torr. & Frem.) S$. Wats. Proc.
Am. Acad. 17: 119. 1874.

Obione confertifolia Torr. & Frem. Second Rep. 318. 1845.
Obione spinosa Mog. in DC. Prod. 13, pt. 2: 108. 1849.
Atriplex spinosa Dietrich, Syn. Pl. 5: 536. 1852.

Type locality: “On the borders of the Great Salt Lake.”

Distribution: Southern Idaho and Wyoming south to New
Mexico and northern Mexico, and eastward to the deserts of south-
ern California. Growing in alkaline soil. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lancaster, Elmer 3691; Abrams 9 Mc-
Gregor 511, Willow Springs, Abrams {F McGregor 410.

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5. ATripLeEx Parryi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 378. 1882.

Type locality: “Near Colton, California.” Parish (Zoe 5: 113)
states that “Dr. Parry’s plant was collected at Lancaster, in the
Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, southern California. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lancaster, Elmer 3640; Wells, Dec. 1909.

6. ATRIPLEX HYMENELYTRA (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:
119. 1874.

Obione hymenelytra Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 129, pl. 20. 1857.
Type locality: “Hills and gravelly places, on Williams River.”
Distribution: Southern Utah and Arizona westward to the

desert slopes of the mountains of southern California. Growing

in dry gravelly washes. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Bennett Wells, Death Valley,
Coville &F Funston 195; Signal Mountain, Colorado Desert,
Abrams, Dec. 29, 1907; eastern slope of the Cuiamaca Mountains,
Emory Nov. 28, 1846; near Mammoth Tank, Parish, Dec. 10,
1881.

7. ATRIPLEX CANESCENS (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. N. Am. Pl. 1: 197.
1818.

Calligonum canescens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 370. 1814.
Obione tetraptera Benth. Bot. Sulph. 48. 1844.

Type locality: “In the planes of the Missouri, near the Big-
bend.”

Distribution: Nevada and Colorado southward to New Mexico
and Arizona, and westward to southern California, where it is
especially common in the deserts. On the coast slope it occurs
rather locally in the interior valleys toward the deserts, and in
the vicinity of San Diego, mostly in dry subsaline places. Upper
and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Ten Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 167; Lancaster, Elmer 3647; between Glendale and
Burbank, Braunton 906; Cushenberry Spring, Abrams 2150; San
Bernardino, Parish, May, 1900; near Redlands, G. R. Hall, 1904;
San Jacinto Valley, Hall 2003; Encinitas, Mc Clatchie, June, 1896;
La Jolla, Abrams gor2; San Diego, Parry, 1850; Palmer 327;
Calexico, G. D. Abrams, Sept., 1902.

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2. GRAYIA.
1. Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Mog. in DC. Prod. 13, pt. 2: 119.
1849.

Chenopodium spinosum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.
Grayia polygaloides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy 388. 1841.

Type locality: “Interior of California, Nov. 1826; Mr. Douglas
Snake country, Mr. Tolmie.”

Distribution: Eastern Washington and Wyoming southward
through the Great Basin to the Mohave Desert of southern Cali-
fornia. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Willow Springs, Abrams &§ McGregor
826; Palmdale, Elmer 3613.

8) | ALU AS
1. Eurotia tanaTta (Pursh) Mog. Chenop. Mon. Enum. 81.
1840.

Diotis lanata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 602. 1814.

Type locality: ‘On the banks of the Missouri in open prairies.”

Distribution: Eastern Washington and the Saskatchewan south-
ward to New Mexico and southern California, where it is confined
to the desert districts. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Desert slopes of the Tehachapi Moun-
tains, near Willow Springs, Abrams &F McGregor 427; Palmdale,
Elmer 3677; Abrams &F McGregor 512; near Barstow, Hall 6164.

4. ALLENROLFEA.

1. ALLENROLFEA OCCIDENTALIS (S. Wats.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.
2: 546. A891;

Halostachys occidentalis S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 5: 293. 1871.
Spirostachys occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 125.

1874.

Type locality: “About Great Salt Lake and in alkaline valleys
westward to the sinks of the Carson and Humboldt Rivers, where
it grows luxuriantly in large tracts that would be otherwise des-
titute of vegetation.”

Distribution: Great Basin southward to western Texas and
New Mexico and westward to California. In California this
species occurs in very strong alkaline or saline places from Liver-

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more southward through the upper San Joaquin Valley and the
deserts of southern California.
Specimens examined: Near Lancaster, Abrams &F McGregor sar.

5- DONDIA.
1. DonpIA sUFFRUTESCENS (S. Wats.) Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. 3.
1898.

Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 88. 1874.

Type locality: “Western Texas to southern California and
northern Mexico, in saline plains.”

Distribution: Saline soils along the coast of southern California,
eastward to western Texas. Very common in the Colorado
Desert. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Long Beach, McClatchie, May 30, 1891;
Chula Vista, Abrams 4ror1; North Island, Coronado, Chandler
5185.

6. SARCOBATUS.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so; body of fruit8-gmm.long. 1. S. vermiculatus.
Leaves pubescent with branched reflexed hairs; body of fruit 4-5 mm. long.
2. S. Baileyt.

I. SARCOBATUS VERMICULATUS (Hook.) Torr. in Emory, Notes
Mil. Reconnois. 150. 1848.

Batis vermiculata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 12. 1838.
Fremontia vermicularis Torr. in Frem. First Rep. 95. 1843.
Type locality: “Common on the barren grounds of the Columbia
and particularly near salt marshes.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: Alkaline places in eastern Washington and Ore-
gon, and southward through the Great Basin to Arizona and the
eastern parts of California. I have not seen any specimens of
this species from our range, but it is common east of the Sierra
Nevada about Owens Lake. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

2. SARCOBATUS BaILeEyi Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 184. 1893.

Type locality: “In the valley near Thorpe’s quartz-mill, Nye
County, Nevada.”

Distribution: Western Nevada and extending into the borders
of California in Inyo and Mono Counties, according to Coville.
This species has not been collected within our limits, but it may

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be expected along our northern borders in the Mohave Desert.
Lower Sonoran.

RANUNCULACEAE. Buttercup Famity.
1. CLEMATIS. Cuemartis.

Ovaries and achenes pubescent.
Leaflets 5; sepals thin, 7-10 mm. long. 1. C. ligusticifolia californica.
Leaflets 3; sepals thick, 12-18 mm.long. 2. C. lasiantha.

Ovaries and achenes glabrous. 3. C. pauciflora.

I. CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA CALIFORNICA S. Wats. Bot. Calif.
Ds 3. e870,

Type locality: ‘San Diego to the Sacramento and to Arizona.”

Distribution: Central California southward to the southern
boundary of the State. In southern California it is found along
streams in the valleys and foothills. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Bingham; Abrams 4157;
San Gabriel Mountains, McClatchie, Aug. 1895; Monrovia Can-
yon, Dudley, Nov. 20, 1907; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3438;
Los Angeles, Abrams 4168; Lytle Creek Canyon, Abrams 1916;
San Bernardino, Parish; Jamul Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June
19, 1895; Cajon Pass, Abrams & McGregor 837.

2. CLEMATIS LASIANTHA Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1:
g. 1838.

Type locality: “Near the sea-coast of St. Diego.”

Distribution: Central California south to the southern boundary
of the State. In southern California this is the most common
clematis. It is frequent in the chaparral on the coast slope of
all the mountains and foothills. Upper Sonoran and extending
into the upper parts of the Lower Sonoran of the coastal slope.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Elmer 3844; Mon-
tecito, Franceschi, 1894; Sulphur Mountain, Red Reef Canyon,
Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 128; Santa Monica
Mountains, Abrams 1306; Mount Wilson trail, Abrams 2610; Cafion
Diablo, Parish 4709; Mill Creek, Parish, June, 1898.

3. CLEMATIS PAUCIFLORA Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1: 9. 1838 & 1: 657. 1840.
Type locality: ‘Near the sea-coast of St. Diego.”

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Distribution: Santa Barbara County southward to northern
Lower California. In southern California this species is almost
wholly restricted to San Diego County, where it is the common
clematis. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3906; near San
Bernardino, Parish 3626; Whitewater, Vasey, Feb. 1881; San
Diego, Nuttall; Abrams 3428; Foster, Chandler 5033; Point Loma,
Chandler 5088; Campo, Abrams 3612; Hill Valley, between
Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3736, San Ysabel,
Henshaw 61.

BERBERIDACEAE. Barserry Famity.
1. ODOSTEMON. OREGON GRAPE.

Leaflets 3-7, 15 mm. wide or less, very pale; racemes loosely 5—7-flowered.
Leaflets 15-25 mm. long; spinose teeth 2-4 on a side, stout.
1. O. Fremontit.
Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 15-35 mm. long, spinulose-serrate; teeth
slender, numerous. 2. O. Nevinit.
Leaflets 5-9, 20-30 mm. broad; racemes many-flowered.
Leaflets green above, scarcely paler beneath, rather thin, spinose teeth

6-10 on a side. 3. O. fascicularis.
Leaflets much paler beneath, prominently reticulate-veined, thick and
undulate; spinose teeth usvally 4-6 on a side. 4. O. dictyota.

1. OpostemMon Fremont (Torr.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
33: 141. 1906.

Berberis Fremontit Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 30. 1859.
Mahonta Fremontii Fedde, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 98. Igor.

Type locality: ‘On the tributaries of the Rio Virgen, in south-
ern: Utah,’

Distribution: Southern Utah and Nevada southward to Arizona,
also in southern California and northern Lower California. In
southern California this species has only been collected near the
southern boundary. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Walker’s ranch, near Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3603.

2. Odostemon Nevinii (A. Gray).
Berberis Nevin A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 1: 69. 1895.
Mahonia Nevinit Fedde, Engel. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 102. Igor.

Type locality: ‘Southern California, near Los Angeles on a
sandy plain.”

( 360 )

Distribution: A rare species apparently confined to the San
Fernando Valley, where it occurs sparingly on the sandy slopes
along the eastern edge of the valley. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: “Los Angeles Valley,” probably San
Fernando Valley, Nevin, April, 1882; San Fernando, Franceschi,
1893; wash near Garnsey, San Fernando Valley, Grinnell, Oct. 31,
1903.

3. Odostemon fascicularis (DC.).
Mahonia fascicularis DC. Syst. 2: 19. 1821.
Berberis pinnata Lag. Elench. Hort. Madr. 6. 1803, and 14. 1816,
nom. nudum.
Berberis pinnata Don, Bot. Reg. 9: pl. 702. 1823. Not H.B.K.

1821.

Berberis fascicularis Sims, Bot. Mag. 50: pl. 2396. 1823.
Mahonia pinnata Fedde, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 86. Igor.

Type locality: “In Americae borealis ora occidentalis circa
Monterei et Nutka (Nee ex Lag.).”

Distribution: Foothills of central California from the vicinity
of San Francisco to Monterey. ‘The specimens cited below are
doubtfully referred to this species, more complete material may
prove them distinct.

Specimens examined: Near Glendale, Hasse; canyon near San
Rafael, Hasse 3762; Switzer’s trail, San Gabriel Mountains,
Grinnell, Oct. 8, 1908.

4. Odostemon dictyota (Jepson).

Berberis dictyota Jepson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 18: 319. 1891.
Mahonia dictyota Fedde, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 89. Igot.

Type locality: “Near the rocky summit of South Peak,” Marys-
ville Buttes.

Distribution: The dry interior foothills of central California
southward to San Diego County. Growing in chaparral but rare
and seldom met with. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &9 McGregor 667; Palomar Mountain, Susan G.
Stokes, July, 1895; between Julian and Cuiamaca, Abrams
3904.

( 361 )

-LAURACEAE. Laure. Famity.
1. UMBELLULARIA. CatirorniA LAUREL OR BAY-TREE.

1. UMBELLULARIA CALIFORNICA (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. N. Am.
Sylva 1: 87. 1842.

Tetranthera californica Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 159. 1833.
Oreodaphne californica Nees, Syst. Laurin. 463. 1836.

Type locality: California, probably in the vicinity of San Fran-
cisco or Monterey.

Distribution: Valley of the Rogue River, Oregon, southward
through the Coast Ranges and on the western slope of the Sierra
Nevada to the mountains of San Diego County. In southern
California the laurel is frequent in canyons or on shaded slopes
in the upper part of the chaparral belt and in the lower Transition,
but is usually reduced to a small tree or arborescent shrub.

Umbellularia is one of the many genera peculiar to the California
Sub-area, and is a good example of the uniqueness of the flora.

Specimens examined: Mission Canyon, Santa Barbara, Abrams,
March 6, 1909; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams
€f McGregor 817; Switzer’s Camp, San Gabriel Mountains, Grin-
nell, Oct. 8, 1908; Falls Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Dud-
ley, Dec. 26, 1907; Little Santa Anita Canyon, Abrams, July,
1906; Nobles ranch, between Pine Valley and Laguna, San Diego
County, Mearns 3958.

PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy Fami ty.

Flowers yellow; leaves more or less serrulate; stigmas 2. 1. Dendromecon.
Flowers white and very showy; leaves divided; stigmas several.
2. Romneya.

1. DENDROMECON. Bus# poppy.

I. DENDROMECON RIGIDUM Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. II. 1: 407.
1834.

Dendromecon fastigiata Greene, Pittonia 5: 298. 1905.
Dendromecon agnina Greene, Pittonia 5: 299. 1905.
Dendromecon saligna Greene (?), Pittonia 5: 300. 1905.
Dendromecon elliptica Greene, Pittonia 5: 300. 1905.
Dendromecon caesia Greene, Pittonia 5: 303. 1905.

Type locality: California.

( 362 )

Distribution: Coast Ranges or central California and the west-
ern slope of the Sierra Nevada, southward through the chaparral
belt to northern Lower California. The species proposed by
Greene do not seem valid, at least so far as the plants of the main-
land are concerned. I have examined critically all the species
enumerated above except D. saligna with the result that I feel
constrained to reduce them to synonymy. There is variation
in foliage, but this is often marked in a locality where the character
of the soil or moisture vary, and seems to be an ecological variation.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3875; Red
Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 138;
Big Tejunga Wash, Abrams 1373; near Elizabeth Lake, Abrams
ۤ McGregor gor; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4835; Clare-
mont, Baker 4150, Waterman Canyon, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Parish 3474; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 675; Fallbrook, Jones 3103; Soledad Canyon,
Greene, May 18, 1885; Encinitas, Brandegee, June, 1887; Jamul
Valley, Palmer 238; Campo, Vasey 18; Jacumba Hot Spring,
Mearns 3351; Julian, Susan G. Stokes, July 26, 1895.

2. ROMNEYA. Ma«rTILijA Poppy.

Sepals glabrous, beaked. 1. R. Coulter.
Sepals hispid, beakless or with an inconspicuous beak. 2. R. trichocalyx.

1. Romneya Couttert Harv. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 75,
Plivigek GEBAS:

Type locality: “In California boreali.”

Distribution: Santa Ana Mountains, southward to northern
Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Trabuco Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains,
Abrams 1852; near Corona, Hall 1280; Santa Ana Canyon, near
Anaheim, Parish 393; Temescal, Parish 4394. This species and
the next are not true shrubs, but the stout stems, which often
attain a height of 2 meters, persist for a number of years.

2. RoMNEYA TRICHOCALYX Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 1: 133,
pl. 11, f. 4a, 4c. 1898.
Type locality: The figures “were drawn from fresh specimens
[cultivated] in Golden Gate Park,” San Francisco.

( 363 )

Distribution: Santa Barbara County southward to northern
Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Griffens, Elmer 3876; Ten Sycamore
Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams &F McGregor 137; Haven’s ranch, near
El Nido, Abrams 3544.

BRASSICACEAE. Mustarp Famity.
1. LEPIDIUM. PEpperecrass.

1. Lepip1um Fremonti S. Wats. Bot. King. Exped. 30, ol. 4,
Fie) Le7es

Type locality: “(Gathered by Fremont on the Mohave River in
1844, and now collected on sandy foothills near Humboldt Sink.”

Distribution: Nevada and Utah south to Arizona and the
Mohave Desert of southern California, where it is common in the
juniper belt. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Desert slopes of the Tehachapi Mountains,
near Willow Springs, Abrams &§ McGregor 415; between Tehachapi
and Mohave, Abrams &§ McGregor 502; Randsburg, Heller 7670a.

CAPPARIDACEAE. Caper Famity.
1. ISOMERIS. BLappErpop.

Capsule strongly inflated.
Capsule attenuate at base. 1. I. arborea.
Capsule globose, not attenuate at base. 1a. I. arborea globosa.
Capsule scarcely inflated, oblong, attenuate at both ends.
1b. I. arborea angustata.

1. IsomMERIS ARBOREA Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 124.
1838.

Cleome Isomeris Greene, Pittonia 1: 200. 1888.

Type locality: ‘St. Diego.”

Distribution: Vicinity of Mount Pinos southward, especially on
the margins of the deserts, to Lower California. On the coast
slope it is common about San Diego and occurs on the bluffs along
the sea as far northward as Playa del Rey, near Santa Monica.

Specimens examined: Griffens, Lockwood Valley, Elmer 3888;
Playa del Rey, Abrams 2509; La Jolla, Chandler 5002; San Diego,
Dunn, March 17, 1891; Susan G. Stokes, June 4, 1895; Abrams

3524.

( 364 )

1a. IoMERIS ARBOREA GLOBOSA Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7:
73. .og2.
Isomeris globosa Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 50. 1905.

Type locality: “On Caliente Creek, a few miles above Caliente,
Kern County, California.”

Distribution: Upper end of the San Joaquin Valley in the vicinity
of Caliente westward to the boundary of San Luis Obispo and
Santa Barbara Counties, and also on the Sespe Creek in Ventura
County. There is considerable variation of the type form in the
vicinity of San Diego, and on the desert slopes the two apparently
intergrade. .

Specimens examined: Sespe Creek, near Ten Sycamore Flat,
Abrams &§ McGregor 177; vicinity of Fort Tejon, Abrams S Mc
Gregor 280.

1b. IsoMERIS ARBOREA ANGUSTATA Parish, Muhlenbergia 3: 128.
1907.
Type locality: ““About Palm Springs and Whitewater.”
Distribution: Mohave and Colorado Deserts also on Cedros
Island (Anthony 7). Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Desert slope of Tehachapi Pass, Abrams

ۤ McGregor 504.

HYDRANGEACEAE. Hyprancea Famity.

1. PHILADELPHUS. Syrinea.
1. PHILADELPHUS PUMILUS Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22: 173. 1905.

Type locality: “In rocky places, San Jacinto Mountains, south-
ern California, at an altitude of 2500 meters.”

Distribution: According to Hall this wild syringa is very com-
mon among rocks in the upper parts of the Transition from Lake
Surprise to the head of Round Valley, San Jacinto Mountains,
and “is most plentiful on ridges overlooking the Colorado Desert
at 8000-9000 ft. alt., where the low bushes, covered with profusion
of white flowers, are very conspicuous on the rocky walls in
August.”

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Tamarack Valley, San Jacinto
Mountains, Hall 2500.

( 365 )

GROSSULARIACEAE. GoosEesBerry Famity.

Pedicels jointed beneath the ovary; nodal spines none or when present hypan-
thium not apparent. 1. Ribes.
Pedicels not jointed; nodal spines present; hypanthium evident.
2. Grossularia.

i: (RIBES3 Conran.

Stems armed with spines and bristles; hypanthium saucer-shaped.
1. R. montigenum.
Stems without spines or bristles.

Calyx smooth, yellow; leaves involute in bud. 2. R. gracillimum.
Calyx pubescent, not yellow; leaves plicate in bud.
Leaves evergreen; holly-like. 3. R. viburnifolium.

Leaves deciduous, not holly-like.
Bracts herbaceous, toothed; flowers greenish or pinkish white.
4. R. cereum.
Bracts scarious, entire or ciliate.
Style glabrous; ovary with only gland-tipped hairs.
5. R. nevadense.
Style villous below; ovary canescent.
Flowers pink or purple, 8—-1o mm. long.
6. R. malvaceum.
Flowers white or greenish-white, 5-7 mm. long.
7. R. indecorum.

1. RrpEs MoNTIGENUM McClatchie, Erythea 5: 38. 1897.
Ribes lacustre molle A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 206. 1876.
Ribes nubigenum McClatchie, Erythea 2: 80. 1894. Not Phil-

ippi, 1857.
Ribes lacustre lentum M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 681.

1895.

Ribes molle Howell, Fl. NW. Am. 1: 209. 1898. Not Poepp.
1858.

Ribes lentum Coville & Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 28.
1902.

Type locality: “Summit of Mt. San Antonio, 10,000 ft. altitude,
among dry exposed rocks.”

Distribution: High mountains of the arid regions from eastern
Washington and Montana southward to southern California and
New Mexico. Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer goro; Mount San
Antonio, McClatchie, Aug. 16, 1893; Mount San Gorgonio, near
the summit, Abrams €F McGregor 746.

( 366 )

2. RIBES GRACILLIMUM Coville & Britton, N. Am. Fl. 22: 205.
1908.

Type locality: “Stanford University, California.”

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges and the Sierra
Nevada of central California southward to southern California.
This species has been referred to R. aureum or R. tenuiflorum in
the California manuals. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Eaton’s Wash, near Sierra Madre, Abrams
1491; Glendora, Baker 4154.

3. Rises vipurniFouium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.17: 202. 1882.

Type locality: “Northern part of Lower California near All
Saints Bay.”

Distribution: Islands off the coast of southern California, and
on the mainland from the vicinity of Del Mar, San Diego County
southward to All Saints Bay, Lower California. Upper and
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Miss Merritt,
April, 1894; Brandegee, May 12, 1894.

4. Rrpes cEREUM Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 512. 1830.
Cerophyllum Douglasiit Spach, Hist. Veg. 6: 153. 1838.

Ribes balsamiferum Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 94. 1861.

Type locality: “On the dry exposed granite rocks or schist,
throughout the chain of the river Columbia from Great Falls, 45°
46’ 17’ N. Lat. to the source of that stream in the Rocky Moun-
fins; 62°07’ og!”

Distribution: Southern British Columbia southward through
the Rocky Mountains and along the Pacific Coast to the higher
mountains of southern California. Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3987; Abrams &
McGregor 235; North Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 619; near the summit of Mount San Antonio, Leiberg
3354; Abrams 1937, 2707; Huston Flat, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Shaw €F Illingsworth 106; Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto
Mountains, Hall 2350; San Jacinto Mountains, Hasse, July 2, 1892.

5. RIBES NEVADENSE Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 63. 1855.
Ribes Grantii Heller, Muhlenbergia 4: 27. 1908.
Type locality: No locality given with the original description,

( 367 )

but according to the label on a drawing of this species by Dr.
Kellogg it was “from a specimen furnished by Mr. Garvett of
Placerville.”

Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains southward through
the Transition Zone of the Sierra Nevada to the mountains of
southern California. Growing in moist places and along streams.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Abrams &F McGregor 257;
Mount Wilson, Abrams 2583; Grant, May 17, 1904; Swartout
Valley, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 651; Bear
Valley, Parish 3107; Huston’s Flat, San Bernardino Mountains,
Shaw &F Illingsworth 106.

6. RIBES MALVACEUM Smith, in Rees Cycl. 30, no. 13. 1815.

Ribes malvaceum viridifolium Abrams, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 1: 67.

1902.

Ribes viridifolium Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 77. 1904.
Ribes purpurascens Heller, Muhlenbergia 4: 29. 1908.

Type locality: “Gathered in California by Mr. Menzies.”

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges of central Cali-
fornia southward to Lower California. The specimens south of
Santa Barbara vary considerably from the typical form and were
described (R. malvaceum viridifolium) as a variety, a disposition
that may prove more logical than the present one which I have
adopted from Coville & Britton. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mission Canyon, near Santa Barbara,
Abrams, March 6, 1909; Santa Monica Mountains, Brewer 60;
Abrams 1313; Cahuenga Pass, Brewer 183; Mount Wilson, on the
Pasadena trail, altitude 1100 meters, Abrams 1525; Santa Anita
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 103; City Creek, San
Bernardino Mountains, Parish, April:14, 1906.

7. RrpEs INDECORUM Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 243.
1902.
Ribes malvaceum indecorum Jancz. Mem. Soc. Geneve 35: 325.
1907.
Type locality: “At Cajon Heights, near San Diego, California.”
Distribution: In the chaparral belt of the mountains of Ventura
County southward to the international boundary, and probably
extending into adjacent Lower California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain, near Santa Paula,

( 368 )

Abrams &% McGregor 35; San Fernando Valley, Brewer 200;
Arroyo Seco Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 18; Grant
793; Claremont, Baker 5238; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 673; Whitewater, Vasey, 1881;
Toro Mountains, altitude 1300 meters, Leiberg 3166; San Ysabel,
Henshaw 212; Fallbrook, Jones 3102; Oriflamme Canyon, Cuia-
maca Mountains, Abrams 3936; Cajon Heights, Eastwood, March
14, 1891; Potrero, Abrams 3551; Ramona, Brandegee, March,
1906.
2. GROSSULARIA. GoosEBErRry.

Flowers 5-merous.
Berry armed with prickles.
Herbage glandular-pubescent; prickles gland-tipped.
1. G. amara.
Herbage not glandular-pubescent; prickles stiff, not gland-tipped.
Leaves shiny, minutely and sparsely pubescent; calyx-lobes

twice the length of the tube. 2. G. hesperia.
Leaves canescent; calyx-lobes equaling the tube.
3. G. Roezli.

Berry without prickles, glabrous or pubescent.
Styles glabrous; flowers yellow.
Herbage glandular-pubescent; berries yellow.
4. G. velutina.
Herbage puberulent, not glandular; berries red.
5. G. quercetorum.

6. G. Parishit.
Flowers 4-merous, bright red and showy. 7. G. speciosa.

Styles pubescent below; flowers purple.

1. GROSSULARIA AMARA (McClatchie) Coville & Britton, N. Am.
Fl. 22: 216. 1908.

Ribes amarum McClatchie, Erythea 2: 79. 1894.

Type locality: “Shaded canyons of the San Gabriel Mountains.”

Distribution: On shaded canyon slopes in the chaparral belt
from the southern Sierra Nevada southward through the moun-
tains of southern California to the San Bernardino Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Santa Barbara, Elmer 3753; Abrams,
March 6, 1909; San Gabriel Mountains, near Pasadena, Mc Clat-
chie, March, 1896; Millards Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams, March, 1899; Mount Wilson trail, altitude 700 meters,
Abrams 1508; Canton Diablo, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish,
July, 1901; San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Baker

4004.

( 369 )

2. GROSSULARIA HESPERIA (McClatchie) Coville & Britton, N.
Am. Fl 225 215." 1908.

Ribes hesperium McClatchie, Erythea 2: 79. 1894.
Ribes occidentale hesperium Jancz. Mem. Soc. Geneve 35: 68.
1907.
Type locality: “Common in shaded canyons of the San Gabriel
Mountains.”
Distribution: In the chaparral belt from the mountains of
Ventura County southward to the San Gabriel Mountains.
Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountains Spring, near Santa
Paula, Abrams & McGregor 8; Santa Monica Mountains, Brewer
72; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 250,
319, 2562; Santa Monica Canyon, Abrams 1477; San Gabriel
Mountains near Pasadena, McClatchie, Jan., 1894; Cahuenga
Pass, Brewer 184; Eaton’s Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Braunton 751; Santa Anita Canyon, Grinnell ror.

3. GrossuLaRIA Roezu Regel, Gartenflora 28: 226. 1879.

Ribes amictum Greene, Pittonia 1: 69. 1887.
Ribes aridum Greene, Pittonia 4: 35. 1889.
Ribes Wilsonianum Greene, Erythea 3: 70. 1895.

Type locality: Western North America.

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada southward through the
mountains of southern California. This species occurs most
abundantly in the arid parts of the Transition Zone and in the
higher altitudes of the Upper Sonoran in the interior foothills.

Specimens examined: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 481; Fort Tejon, Abrams F McGregor 296;
Mount Pinos, Elmer 3811; summit of Hines Peak, Topatopa Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 79; Mount Gleason, Elmer 4249; North
Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 606; Mount
San Antonio, Abrams 2713; Leiberg 3357; Mount Santiago, Santa
Ana Mountains, Abrams 1833; Middle Peak, Cuiamaca Moun-
tains, Abrams 3860; Palomar Mountain, Parish 4404.

4. GROSSULARIA VELUTINA (Greene) Coville & Britton, N. Am.
Fl. 22:,220.; .1908.

Ribes leptanthum brachyanthum A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 205.8176.
Ribes velutinum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 83. 1885.

( 370)

Ribes brachyanthum Card, Bush Fruits 460. 1898.
Ribes glanduliferum Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 56. 1905.
Ribes Stanfordii Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 41: 315. 1906.

Type locality: “Open grounds in the northern part of Cali-
fornia and the region adjacent.”

Distribution: Eastern Oregon and Utah southward to northern
Arizona and southern California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3958.

5. GROSSULARIA QUERCETORUM (Greene) Coville & Britton, N.
Am. FI. 22: 220. 1908.

Ribes quercetorum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 83. 1885.
Ribes Congdoni Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 101. 1904.
Ribes leptanthum quercetorum Jancz. Mem. Soc. Geneve 35: 381.

1907.

Type locality: “El Paso de Robles [California].”

Distribution: Southern Monterey County and Mariposa County
southward to the Liebre Mountains in Los Angeles County. In
southern California this species is confined to the vicinity of Fort
Tejon, extending southward on the hills bordering the western
part of Antelope Valley to Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Fort Tejon, Abrams & McGregor 204;
Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams €F McGregor

319.

6. GrossuLaRiA Parisuit (Heller) Coville & Britton, N. Am. FI.
22: 224. 1908.
Ribes Parishii Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 134. 1906.

Type locality: ‘San Bernardino Valley, San Bernardino County,
California, altitude 1000 feet.”

Distribution: The two stations given below are the only local-
ities where this species has been noted. It is related to G. divari-
catum which has been reported from Santa Barbara County, but
that is less pubescent and has the stamens exceeding instead of
equaling the calyx-lobes. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Oak Knoll, near Pasadena, McClatchie,
Feb. 10, 1894; near San Bernardino, Vasey, 1881; Parish 6001;
and April 14, 1906.

(37x )

7. GROSSULARIA SPECIOSA (Pursh) Coville & Britton, N. Am.
Bly 225, 252: |) 1908.

Ribes speciosum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 731. 1814.
Robsonia speciosa Spach, Hist. Veg. 6: 181. 1838.

Type locality: “On the north-west coast.” First collected by
Menzies, probably at Monterey.

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges from Monterey
County south to San Diego. In southern California this species
is chiefly confined to the Coastal Sub-district. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mission Canyon, Santa Barbara, Abrams,
March 6, 1909; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 2563, 3118; Sherman, Braunton 362; Eagle Rock Canyon,
near Pasadena, Braunton 180; Twin Oaks, Bailey 306; Oceanside,
Parish 4456; San Diego, Dunn, March 21, 1891.

PLATANACEAE. PLaAne-tTREE Famity.
1. PLATANUS. Sycamore or PLANE-TREE.
1. PLATANUS RACEMOSA Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 47. 1842.

Platanus californica Benth. Bot. Sulph. 54. 1844.

Type locality: “A native of Upper California, in the vicinity
of Sta. Barbara.”

Distribution: From the lower Sacramento Valley and the inner
Coast Ranges southward to northern Lower California. In south-
ern California this species is common along streams and on canyon
floors in the mountains to altitudes of 600 meters, or occasionally,
on the desert slopes, extending to 1200 meters. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3831; Sulphur
Mountain Spring, near Santa Paula, Abrams &9 McGregor 61; Ten
Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams &9 McGregor 165; Rock
Creek, desert slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 529; Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1253; between
Los Angeles and Pasadena, Abrams, March, 1899; San Gabriel,
Cox, March 28, 1908; Alpine, Mearns 4035; Sweetwater Valley,
Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895.

CROSSOSOMATACEAE. Crossoma Famity.
1. CROSSOSOMA.

Petals broadly obovate or orbicular-obovate; follicles many-seeded.
1. C. californicum.
Petals spatulate to oblong; follicles few-seeded. 2. C. Bigelovit.

(372)

I. CROSSOSOMA CALIFORNICUM Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 50.
1848.

Type locality: Santa Catalina Island.

Distribution: This insular species has been found on Santa
Catalina, San Clemente,and Guadalupe Islands, but not on the
mainland. It is included for comparison and on account of its

botanical interest.

2. Crossosoma BicELovi §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 122.
1876.

Type locality: “In canyons near the south of Bill Williams
River, W. Arizona.” baits,

Distribution: Northwestern Arizona and adjacent California
southward to Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: White-water S. B. & W. F. Parish 10;
no locality, Parry & Lemmon 4; Palm Springs, Parish 4105.

ROSACEAE. Rose Famity.

Carpels becoming drupelets in fruit.
Receptacle conical; stems prickly. 3. Rubus.
Receptacle flat; stems not prickly. 4. Rubacer.
Carpels becoming dry achenes or 2-seeded follicles.
Hypanthium not fleshy.
Styles elongated and plumose in fruit.
Calyx 5-parted; leaves alternate.
Petals present; flowers showy, terminal on short or elon-
gated peduncles; leaves small, lobed.
Sepals with alternate linear bractlets.

5. Fallugia.
Sepals without bractlets. 6. Cowania.
Petals none; flowers small, axillary; leaves toothed or
entire. 7. Cerocarpus.
Calyx 4-parted; leaves opposite. 9. Coleogyne.
Styles not becoming long and plumose in fruit; petals present.
Leaves opposite. 1. Lyonothamnus.

Leaves alternate.
Flowers paniculate or racemose; leaves simple.
Leaves plain, toothed above the middle.
2. Sericotheca.
Leaves terete, rarely obscurely toothed.
8. Adenostoma.
Flowers corymbose or solitary.
Leaves 1-5-cleft; flowers solitary. 10. Kunzia.

(373)

Leaves 3-pinnate; flowers corymbose.
11. Chamaebatia.
Hypanthium fleshy, becoming bright-colored and pome-like in fruit.
12. Rosa.

1. LYONOTHAMNUS.

1. LYONOTHAMNUS FLORIBUNDUs A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20:
292. 1685.

Lyonothamnus asplenifolius Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 187.

1885.

Type locality: “Santa Catalina Island.”

Distribution: This monotypic genus is restricted to the islands
off the coast of southern California, where it has been found on
Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente. Although this
species has not been found on the mainland it is included on
account of its botanical and horticultural interest.

2. SERICOTHECA.

Inflorescence ample, well-compound; leaves 3-6 cm. long. 1. S. franciscana,
Inflorescence small and narrow, simple, racemose, or with a few short branches;
leaves I-1.5 cm. long. 2. S. concolor.

1. SERICOTHECA FRANCISCANA Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22: 262. 1908.

Type locality: “San Leandro, California.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California southward to the
vicinity of Los Angeles. Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Griffith Park, near Los Angeles, Braunton
462.

2. SERICOTHECA CONCOLOR Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22: 264. 1908.

Spiraea discolor dumosa §. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 170. 1876, in part.
Holodiscus discolor dumosa S. Wats.; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles

196. 1904.

Type locality: ““Mt. Davidson, Nevada.”

Distribution: Western Nevada and adjacent California, south-
ward through the higher mountains of southern California. Can-
adian Zone.

Specimens: Mount Pinos, on the summit, Abrams & McGregor
234; Mount San Antonio, near the summit, 4brams 1917; Green
Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Hall 1311; near the summit
of Mount San Gorgonio, Abrams & McGregor 756; Tahquitz Valley,
San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2465.

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3. RUBUS. Brams te.

Drupelets separating from the receptacle in fruit. 1. Rubus leucodermis.
Drupelets persistent on the receptacle. 2. Rubus vitifolius.

1. Rupus LEUCODERMIS Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.1:178. 1833.

Type locality: “(North-West Coast America.”

Distribution: British Columbia south to Wyoming and the
mountains of southern California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount Wilson, Abrams 2584; North Baldy,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams § McGregor 617; Mill Creek
Falls, Parish 5046.

2. Rupus vitirotius Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 2: 10. 1827.

Type locality: ““Ad San Francisco Californiae reperimus.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California south to the
southern boundary of the State. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3781; Sulphur
Mountain, Abrams &§ McGregor 22; Pasadena, Jones, 1882; Santa
Monica Mountains, Abrams 1309; Palomar Mountain, altitude
1500 meters, Susan G. Stokes, July 21, 1895; San Diego, Parry,
1850.

4. RUBACER. THImMBLE BERRY.

1. RuUBACER VELUTINUM (Hook. & Arn.) Heller, Muhlenbergia
1: 106. 1904.

Rubus velutinus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 140. 1832.

Rubus Nutkanus velutinus Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1: 172. 1876.
Type locality: “A native of San Francisco,” California.
Distribution: Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada south to

San Pedro Martir Mountain, Lower California. ‘Transition and

Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Fremont’s Pass, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Mrs. M. Marshall, July, 1907; Job’s Peak, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Parish 2367; Palomar (Smith) Mountain, Susan G. Stokes,
July 28, 1895.

5. FALLUGIA.
1. FaLLUGIA PARADOXA (Don) Endl.; Torr. Emory, Notes
Mil. Reconnois. 140. 1848.

Sieversia paradoxa Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 576, pl. 22, figs.
7710.) 1025.

(375)

Type locality: “In Mexico.”

Distribution: Providence Mountains, southeastern California,
eastward through southern Utah to western Texas, and south
through northern Mexico. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Cooper.

6. COWANIA.
1. Cowanta STANSBURIANA Torr. Stansb. Exped. 386. pl. 3. 1852.

Type locality: “Stansbury’s Island, Salt Lake.”

Distribution: Utah and Nevada southward through Arizona
and New Mexico. Lower Sonoran. C. mexicana Don, of central
Mexico, has a shorter, almost campanulate calyx-tube.

Specimens examined: This has been collected by Brandegee in
the Providence Mountains, but I have not seen his specimens.

Cowania mexicana dubia Brandegee (Zoe 5: 149. 1903) I
have not seen. Its flowers are smaller than those of C. Stans-
buriana and the styles are densely covered with short bristle-like
hairs instead of plumose.

7. CERCOCARPUS. Mountain Manocany.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate; margins entire, revolute. 1. C. ledifolius.
Leaves obovate to rounded, margins toothed above.
Leaves obovate, pubescent or glabrous beneath.
Calyx tomentose; its teeth broadly triangular. 2. C. betulaefolius.
Calyx glabrous; its teeth nearly subulate. 3. C. minutifiorus.
Leaves oval to rounded, densely white downy beneath.
4. C. Traskiae.

1. CERCOCARPUS LEDIFOLIUS Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1:
427. 1838:

Type locality: “Rocky Mountains, in alpine situation on the
summits of the hills of Bear River of Timanagos, near the cele-
brated ‘Lear Springs.’”

Distribution: Southwestern Washington and southern Idaho
south to southern California and Arizona. Most frequent in the
upper part of the Transition Zone, but sometimes extends to the
edges of the Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3974; Mount San
Antonio, Abrams 1919, 2680; Mill Creek Falls, altitude 1800
meters, Parish 5066; North Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains,

(376)

Abrams &§ McGregor 616; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 663.

2. CERCOCARPUS BETULAEFOLIUS Nutt.; Hook. Ic. Pl. 4: pl. 322.
1841.

Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 427.
1840.
Cercocarpus parvifolius glaber S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 175. 1876.
Cercocarpus parvifolius betuloides Sarg. Silva N. Am. 4: 66. 1892.
Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California southward
to the mountains of northern Lower California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Brandegee, June,
1889; Elmer 3868; Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara, Abrams
4121; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 3116;
Fort Tejon, Abrams &% McGregor 293; Topatopa Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 108; Oakgrove Canyon, Abrams &F McGregor
325; Mount Wilson trail, Abrams 1522; near Monrovia, Dudley,
Nov. 18, 1907; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 588; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 674; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 707; Mill Creek Canyon, Abrams &F McGregor
820; Santa Ana Mountains, near Elsinore, Abrams, July 21, 1908;
near Campo, Abrams 3611; Jacumba Hot Spring, Mearns 3356.

3. CERCOCARPUS MINUTIFLoRUS Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
37: 149. I9IO.

Cercocarpus parvifolius glaber S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 175. 1876,
excluding Nuttall’s specimen, which is the type.
Cercocarpus betulaefolius minor Schneider, Handb. Laubholzk. 1:

531. 1905 (2).

Type locality: “On chaparral covered hills near San Dieguito on
road to San Diego.”

Distribution: On chaparral covered hills and mesas from the
vicinity of Escondido, San Diego County, southward and westward
to northern Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Dieguito (Bernardo), Abrams 3376.

4. CERCOCARPUS TRASKIAE Eastwood, Proc. Calif.
Acad. III. 1: 136. 1898.
Type locality: “At the northern part of the island [Santa Cata-
lina] in a volcanic region known as ‘Salte Verde.’”

(377)

Distribution: This peculiar species has been found only at the
type, locality. It is included here on account of its botanical
interest.

8. ADENOSTOMA. Cuamtise.

Leaves" fascicled, channelled on one side.
Leaves, linear-subulate, acute, 6-9 mm. long.
1. A. fasciculatum.
Leaves obtuse, 4-6 mm. long. 2. A. fasciculatum obtustfolium.
Leaves not fascicled, narrowly linear, 6-10 mm. long.
3. A. sparsifolium.

1. ADENosToMA |FascicuLatum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 139,
pl.’ 30.. 1832.

Type locality: “In sandy plains in the Bay of Monterey.”

Distribution: The chamise is one of the most characteristic
shrubs of the California chaparral, being confined to the California
Sub-area of the Upper Sonoran. In southern California it is much
more abundant on foothills bordering the interior valleys, than on
the coastal mountains. Over large tracts on the eastern end of the
San Gabriel Mountains and on the lower southern slopes of the San
Bernardino Mountains it often forms almost pure thickets.

Specimens examined: Montecito, Franceschi, 1894; Red Reef
Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 140; Mount
Wilson, Grinnell, June 6, 1903; Little Santa Anita Canyon,
Abrams 2649; Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1263; vicinity
of San Bernardino, Parish 4838; Lone Pine Canyon, San Ga-
briel Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 665; near Potrero, Abrams

3727:

1a. ADENOSTOMA FASCICULATUM OBTUSIFOLIUM S. Wats. Bot.
Cali Lo 184.) 9876.

Adenostoma fasciculatum var. 8 Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1:

430. 1840.

Adenostoma brevifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 430.

1840, as a synonym.

Type locality: “San Diego.”

Distribution: Chiefly confined to the vicinity of San Diego, and
extending from there southward into Lower California, but what
seems to be identical occurs on the desert slopes of the Liebre
Mountains. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

(378)

Specimens examined: “Upper California,” Nuttall; San Diego,
Emory, 1846; Thurber 564; Palmer 79; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 387.

2. ADENOSTOMA SPARSIFOLIUM ‘Torr. in Emory’s Notes Mil.
Reconnois. 140. 1848.

Type locality: “Cordilleras of California.” Vicinity of Warner’s
ranch, San Diego County, where it was collected by Emory, Dec.
2, 1846.

Distribution: San Jacinto Mountains southward to Lower Cali-
fornia. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Warner’s ranch, Emory, Dec.
2, 1846; mountains east of San Diego, Parry, July, 1850; near
Pine Valley, Orcutt, August 31, 1883; Mearns 3982; exposed south
slopes in the vicinity of Chalk Hill, altitude 1440 meters, San
Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2638; San a a altitude goo meters,
Susan G. Stokes, July 25, 1895.

9. COLEOGYNE.

1. COLEOGYNE RAMOSISSIMA Torr. Pl. Frem. 8, pl. 4. 1853.

Type locality: “Sources of the Mohave and Virgin Rivers,
tributaries of the Colorado of the West, in the mountains of south-
ern California.”

Distribution: Almost throughout the Mohave Desert, eastward
to southern Nevada and Arizona. Higher altitudes of the Lower
Sonoran, and extending into the Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Ironwood Spring, Colorado Desert, Bran-
degee, April 7, 1901.

‘10. KUNZIA.

1. Kunzia GLANDULOSA (Curran) Greene, Pittonia 2: 299. 1892.

Purshia glandulosa Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 153. 1885.
Type locality: “On the Mohave side of Tehachapi Pass.”
Distribution: Desert slopes of the mountains bordering the

Mojave Desert. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Davidson, Aug., 1901;
Abrams &§ McGregor 528; Gold Mountain, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, altitude 2300 meters, Abrams 2069; southeastern slope of
Mount Pinos, Abrams &¥ McGregor 259; between Tehachapi and

(379)

Willow Springs, Abrams &% McGregor 426; Lone Pine Canyon,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 662.

11. CHAMAEBATIA.

I. CHAMAEBATIA AUSTRALIS (Brandegee) Abrams, Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 84: 623. 1907.

Chamaebatia foliolosa australis Brandegee, Bot. Gaz. 27: 447.

1899.

Type locality: “La Gruella, Lower California,” and ‘Mt.
Miguel near San Diego.”

Distribution: Mount Miguel, southern San Diego County, south-
ward through the foothills of northern Lower California. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Miguel Mountain, Chandler 5214.

iz; .ROSA, Rose;

Foliage more or less glandular-pubescent or puberulent.
Infrastipular spines present, these and the prickles recurved or reflexed.
Leaflets canescent beneath with a close short-villous pubescence.
1. °R. Aldersoni.
Leaflets scarcely paler beneath, somewhat glandular-pubescent.
2. R. californica.
Infrastipular spines wanting; prickles often numerous, slender and
straight. 3. R. gratissima.
Foliage glabrous; infrastipular spines wanting; prickles straight.
4. R. mohavensis.

1. Rosa AtpErsoni Greene, Pittonia 5: 110. 1903.

Type locality: “Witch Creek, San Diego Co., California.”

Distribution: This species is closely related to R. californica
and may be merely a canescent form of it, but it seems to occupy
a more or less distinct geographic area. The plants I have
referred to this species grow in the higher parts of the chaparral
and in the Transition Zone of the San Bernardino and the Cuiamaca
Mountains.

Specimens examined: West Fork of Deep Creek, San Ber-
nardinoMountains, Abrams tf McGregor 714; Strawberry Peak,
San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 2054; Witch Creek, Cui-
amaca Mountains, Alderson, June, 1894; Pine Valley, Mearns
3984.

( 380 )

2. Rosa CALIFOoRNICA Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 2: 35. 1827.

Type locality: “San Francisco.”

Distribution: In the Coast Ranges and the interior of central
California, southward to San Diego and perhaps northern Lower
California. In southern California it is the only rose in the valleys
and lower foothills of the coastal slope. There is considerable
variation in the shape of the leaves and in their serrations. In most
of the material examined the hypanthium is globose and glabrous
in the flowering stage. Specimens from Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre
Mountains, however, have an obovate hypanthium, and others from
Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, are pubescent on the
hypanthium and sepals. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 4195; Fort Tejon,
Abrams &§ McGregor 292; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 135; between Oakgrove Canyon and
Elizabeth Lake, Abrams & McGregor 407; Santa Monica Canyon,
Abrams 1451; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 2539; San Gabriel, Bigelow, March, 1853; vicinity of
San Bernardino, Parish 4191; Lakeside, Abrams 3763; near San
Diego, Susan G. Stokes, June 15, 1895.

3. Rosa Gratissima Greene, Fl. Fran. 73. 1891.

Type locality: “Borders of wet meadows, and about springy
places in the mountains of Kern Co.”

Distribution: The Tehachapi Mountains southward along the
desert slopes to the San Bernardino Mountains. ‘This species is
chiefly confined to the desert slopes of the Transition Zone border-
ing the pinon belt.

Specimens examined: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 482; Mount Pinos, Elmer 3732; Rock Creek,
desert slope of the San Gabriel Mountains, altitude 1800 meters,
Abrams &§ McGregor 586; Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &% McGregor 652; Bear Valley, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams 2821.

4. Rosa Monavensis Parish, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 1: 87, pl. 7.
1902.
Rosa californica glabrata Parish, Erythea 6: 88. 1898.
Type locality: “(On the desert side of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains, near water, Cushenberry Springs, altitude 400 feet.”

( 381 )

Distribution: Mr. Parish reports this species from the desert
slope of Mount San Antonio and Rock Creek. Itis closely related
to R. gratissima, of which it may prove to be merely a glabrate
form. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cushenberry Springs, Parish 498r.

MALACEAE. Appte Famity.

Carpels 2, free and separating. 1. Heteromeles.
Carpels 5, united and coalescent with the fleshy hypanthium. 2. Amelanchier.

1. HETEROMELES. CuristmMas BERRY OR TOLLON.

1. Heteromeles salicifolia (Presl.).

Photinia salicifolia Presl. Epimel. Bot. 204. 1849.
Crataegus arbutifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. 8: 202. 1811. Not Lam.

1783.

Photinia arbutifolia Lindl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 103. 1821.
Heteromeles arbutifolia Roem. Syn. Monog. 3: 105. 1847.
Heteromeles Fremontiana Dec. Nouv. Ann. Mus. Par. 10: 144.

1874.

Type locality: “Habitat in California ad Monte-rey et ad portum
S. Blas Mexico occidentalis.”

Distribution: The tollon or christmas berry is characteristic
of the California Sub-area. It extends from Mendocino County
through the coast ranges and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada
to northern Lower California. It also occurs on the islands off
the coast of northern California, and on Cedros Island. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3857; Elizabeth
Lake, Abrams &§ McGregor 413; Little Santa Anita Canyon, San
Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 2648; San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams
Aug. 10, 1900; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 676; Pine Valley, San Diego County, Mearns 3975;
Jamul Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June 19, 1895.

2. AMELANCHIER. Service BERRY.

Sepals erect; leaves cuspidate, entire or inconspicuously serrate at apex.

1. A. pallida.
Sepals strongly reflexed; leaves not cuspidate, distinctly serrate above.
Hypanthium and sepals tomentose without. 2. A. venulosa.

Hypanthium and sepals glabrous without. 3. A. recurvata.

( 382)

1. AMELANCHIER PALLIDA Greene, Fl. Fran. 53. 1891.

Type locality: “Common or dry hills of the northern and north-
eastern parts of the State [California].”

Distribution: I have seen no authentic specimens of this species,
but the specimens here referred to it answer the description.
The distribution, as originally given, is therefore greatly extended.
Transition.

Specimens examined: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains,
Abrams 3 McGregor 490; Cuiamaca Lake, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Abrams 30912.

2. AMELANCHIER VENULOSA Greene, Pittonia 4: 21. 1899.

Type locality: “‘Cushenberry Springs, in Southern California.”

Distribution: Apparently confined to the pifon belt and the
Transition Zone of the San Gabriel and the San Bernardino Moun-
tains. The specimens from Dry Lake are not typical, and possibly
are nearer the Sierra Nevada plant which has recently been named
A. siskiyouensts.

Specimens examined: Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 633; Fawnskin Park, San Bernardino
Mountains, Parish 4992; Hathaway Flat, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 808; Dry Lake Canyon, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 783.

3. AMELANCHIER RECURVATA Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 37:
PELs wy TOL.

Type locality: “In moist places in the Topatopa Mountains,
altitude 5500 feet, Abrams &F McGregor 107.”

Distribution: Only known from the Topatopa Mountains, but
probably occurs elsewhere in the Transition Zone in the mountains
of Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties.

AMYGDALACEAE. Peracu Famity.

Ovary and fruit glabrous.
Leaves deciduous.

Flowers corymbose or umbellate. 1. Cerasus.
Flowers racemose. 2. Padus.
Leaves evergreen. 3. Laurocerasus.
Ovary and fruit velvety-pubescent. 4. Amygdalus.

(383 )

1. CERASUS. Cuerry.

1. CERASUS ARIDA Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 57. 1905.

Type locality: “Borders of the desert at eastern base of the
San Bernardino Mountains.”

Distribution: The cherry referred to this species occurs spar-
ingly in the Transition Zone of the San Gabriel, San Bernardino
and Cuiamaca Mountains. Considerable variation occurs in the
specimens examined, and it is evident that a great deal of field
study must be given to the western cherries before they are under-
stood. The specimens from Strawberry Peak have narrow, oblan-
ceolate, acutish leaves, which are pubescent and somewhat glan-
dular on the lower surface. They also differ in their prominent
approximate veins.

Specimens examined: Lytle Creek Canyon, altitude 1725 meters,
Hall 1471; near Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 727; South Peak, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Abrams 3943; Green Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
€F McGregor 734; San Jacinto Mountains, Hasse 5680, 1263;
San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 2180 meters, Parish 3320.

2. PADUS. CHOKE CHERRY.
1. Papus pEMIssa (Nutt.) Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 87. 1847.

Cerasus demissa Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl.N.Am.1:411. 1840.
Prunus demissa Walp. Rep. 2: 10. 1843.
Padus virginiana demissa Schneider, Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 642.

1906.

Type locality: “Plains of the Oregon towards the sea, and at
the mouth of the Wahlamet.”

Distribution: Washington and Idaho to southern California.
In southern California there is considerable variation in pubes-
cence. The Cuiamaca specimens are glabrous except for pubes-
sence along the mid-vein, thus approaching very closely P. melano-
carpa of the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin. Upper Sonoran
and Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount San Antonio, altitude 2700 meters,
Abrams 2697; Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Hall,
June, 1899; Abrams &F McGregor 639; North Baldy, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 620; Cuiamaca, Abrams 3828;
“summit of the cordillaries east of San Diego,” Parry, June, 1850.

( 384 )

3. LAUROCERASUS. Hotty-LEAvep CHERRY.

1. LAUROCERASUS ILICIFOLIA (Nutt.) Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 92.
1847.
Cerasus ilicifolia Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beach. Voy. 340.

1832.

Prunus ilicifolia Walp. Rep. 2: 10. 1843.

Type locality: “St. Barbara, California, Douglas, Nuttall.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges from San Francisco Bay south to
the southern borders of the State. In the northern part of its
range this species often becomes a good sized tree, but in our region
it is usually reduced to a shrub. The holly-leafed cherry is com-
mon throughout southern California in the foothills and moun-
tains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Douglas; Nuttall; Santa
Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3775; Cuddy Canyon, near Tejon Pass,
Abrams ۤ McGregor 282; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica
Mountains, Abrams 2551; Mount Lowe, Grant 1046; hills near Ver-
dugo, Abrams 1380; Reche Canyon, Hall rro4; vicinity of San
Bernardino; Parish, June, 1897, Potrero, Abrams 3741; moun-
tains east of San Diego, Parry 1850; Jacumba Hot Spring,
Mearns 3354.

4. AMYGDALUS. Atmonp.

Leaves narrowly spatulate, entire; styles very short. 1. A. fasiculata.
Leaves ovate or nearly round; denticulate; styles elongated. 2. 4. Fremonti.

1. AMyGDALUs FascicuLaTa (Torr.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 49. 1891.

Emplectocladus fasciculatus Torr. Pl. Frem.1o, pl. 5. 1850. Pru-
nus fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 70. 1874.

Type locality: “Sierra Nevada of California; probably in the
southern part of the range.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains
north to the eastern slopes of the southern Sierra Nevada and east-
ward to southern Utah and Arizona. Canyons and rocky slopes
of the juniper belt. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek, desert slope of the San
Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 525; Lone Pine Canyon,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 2 McGregor 668; Cushenberry
Spring, Abrams 2152; summit of Providence Mountains, Cooper,
May 29, 1861.

( 385 )

2. Amygdalus Fremontii (S. Wats.).

Prunus Fremontii S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 442. 1880.

Type locality: “Coast Ranges of southern California; Ori-
flamme Canyon, San Diego County (D. Cleveland); San Bernar-
dino Mountains, Parry &? Lemmon, n. 108, 1876. Also collected
by Fremont in 1846, locality uncertain.”

Distribution: Southern slopes of the Chuckawalla Mountains,
south to northern Lower California. Lower Sonoran and extend-
ing into the lower edges of the Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Felipe, Parry, 1850 (Referred to
Prunus subcordata by Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 63); no locality,
Parry &§ Lemmon 108.

MIMOSACEAE. Mimosa Famtity.

Stamens numerous; pods flattened, straight or more or less curved.

1. Acacia.
Stamens Io.
Pods straight or slightly curved. 2. Prosopis.
Pods coiled into a spiral. 3. Strombocarpus.

1. ACACIA. Acacta.
1. Acacia Greco A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 65. 1850.

Type locality: “‘Western Texas” and “‘dry valley west of Patos,
Northern Mexico.”

Distribution: A characteristic shrub of the Lower Sonoran, ex-
tending from the western borders of the Colorado Desert in south-
ern California eastward to western Texas and southward into Lower
California and northern Mexico.

Specimens examined: Banner, Susan G. Stokes, July 26, 1895;
San Felipe, Abrams 3970; Carriso Creek, Abrams 3985; Piute
Creek, Norman C. Wilson, June 6, 1893; near Indio, Hall 5987;
Jacumba Hot Spring, Cleveland, July 3, 1884; Providence Moun-
tains, Brandegee, May 25, 1902.

2. PROSOPIS. Mesoguirr.
Leaves glabrous. 1. P. glandulosa.
Leaves pubescent. 2. P. velutina.

1. Prosopis GLANDULOsA Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 192. 1828.

Prosopis odorata Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep. 313, pi. 1.
1845, excluding fruit which is Strombocarpus pubescens.
Type locality: “On the Canadian? [River].”

( 386 )

Distribution: Deserts of southern California eastward to western
Texas, and southward into Lower California and northern Mexico.
The Prosopis juliflora of the California botanies, but not DC.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lancaster, Elmer 3726; Cushenberry
Springs, Abrams 2148; San Bernardino, Parish 2928; Abrams
2148; San Jacinto Lake, Hall rr06; San Felipe, Susan G. Stokes,
July 25, 1895; San Diego, Herre, July 19, 1902.

2. Prosopis vELUTINA Wooten, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 456.
1898.

Type locality: Several localities were originally cited, but the
plants from which the description was drawn were collected by
Pringle “in Arizona on mesas and in valleys,” and by Wilcox “at
Fort Huachuca, Ariz.”

Distribution: Southern Arizona southward into adjacent Sonora.
A single arborescent shrub, apparently indigenous, was found by
the writer on the sandy river bottom of the San Diego River, near
Grantville, southwestern San Diego County. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Grantville, Abrams 3753.

3. STROMBOCARPUS. Screw-BEan.

I. STROMBOCARPUS PUBESCENS (Benth.) A. Gray; Torr. Pacif. R.
Rep. 5: 360. 1858.

Prosopis pubescens Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 82. 1846.
Prosopis Emoryi Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconnois. 139.

1848.

Prosopis odorata Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep. 313. 1845,
in part.

Type locality: This species is said to have been collected in
“California between San Miguel and Monterey,” but the species
has not since been found in that part of the State. Coulter, the col-
lector, travelled southward from Monterey to Yuma, and it is
probable that he obtained his specimens somewhere in the Colo-
rado Desert along the old San Felipe and Yuma trail.

Distribution: From the interior and eastern parts of the Mohave
Desert southward into Lower California and Sonora. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near San Bernardino, Parish, July 8,

( 387 )

1898; Abrams 2954; Imperial Valley, near Calexico, Abrams

3999.
CAESALPINIACEAE. Senna Famity.

Leaves simple, rounded; flowers resembling the papilionaceous, purple.

1. Cercts.
Leaves I-2-pinnate; flowers regular, yellow.

Pods not compressed, torose, gland on upper petal wanting.
2. Parkinsonia.
Pod compressed, only slightly contracted between the seeds; gland on
upper petal prominent. 3. Cercidium.

tT: CERCIS?) ((REep-pup:

1. CERCIS OCCIDENTALIS Torr.; A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.
G:, 577, "1850.

Cercis californica Torr.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 361. 1857.
Siliquastrum occidentale Greene, Man. Bay Region, 84. 1894.
Type locality: “Rocky plains of the Upper Guadaloupe.”
Distribution: Lower edges of the Arid Transition from Sacra-
mento Canyon and Mendocino County southward to the Cuiamaca
Mountains, also in New Mexico and western Texas.
Specimens examined: Cuiamaca Mountains, between Cuiamaca
and Oriflamme Mines, Abrams 3924.

2. PARKINSONIA.

Rachis flattened, much-elongated; leaflets scattered. 1. P. aculeata.
Rachis terete; leaflets in distinct pairs. 2. P. microphylla.

1. PARKINSONIA ACULEATA L. Sp. Pl. 375. 1753.

Type locality: “Habitat in America calidiore.”

Distribution: Valley of the Colorado River, northern Mexico
and the lower Rio Grande; naturalized in the West Indies and
the tropics of both hemispheres. Lower Sonoran and Tropical.

Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from
southern California.

2. PARKINSONIA MICROPHYLLA Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 82. 1857.

Type locality: “Banks of the Colorado [where it was collected
by Mr. Schott near Fort Yuma] and on Williams River.”

Distribution: Deserts of southern Arizona west to the Colorado
Desert of southern California, and southward to adjacent Sonora
and Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

( 388 )

Specimens examined: Diluvial banks of the Colorado, Ft.
Yuma, Schott, Jan. 13, 1854.

a

3. CERCIDIUM. Pato VERDE.

1. Cercipr1um Torreyana (S. Wats.) Sargent, Gard. & For. 2:
388. 1889.

Parkinsonia Torreyana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 135. 1876.

Type locality: “(On the Lower Colorado River and in the valleys
of western and southern Arizona.”

Distribution: Colorado Desert and western Arizona southward
into Sonora and Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: The Needles, Jones 3864; Palm Springs,
Parish 4115; Mecca, Miss M. Mc Kibben; Coyote Canyon, Hall
2790; Salton, Davey 8043.

KRAMERIACEAER. Krameria Famity.

I. KRAMERIA.

Prickles of the fruit barbed their whole length. 1. K. parvifolia,
Prickles of the fruit barbed only at apex. 2. K. Grayi.

1. KRAMERIA PARVIFOLIA Benth. Bot. Voy Sulph. 6, pl. 2. 1844.

Type locality: “Bay of Magdalena,” Lower California.

Distribution: Tia Juana southward into Lower California, and
eastward to southern New Mexico and adjacent Sonora. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rabbit Springs, Mohave Desert, Parish
2334; eastern base of San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2rr4; San
Felipe, Thurber 632; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3662; Cleve-
land’s specimens from the vicinity of San Diego, which are cited
in the “Botany of California,” I have not seen.

2. KraMERIA GRayi Rose & Painter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 108.
1906.

Krameria canescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 42. 1852. Not

Willd. 1825.

Type locality: “Prairies near the Pecos.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, south-
ern California, eastward to New Mexico, and southward into ad-
jacent Lower California and Sonora. Lower Sonoran.

(389 )

Specimens examined: Morongo Canyon, Parish 2979; Signal
Mountain, Abrams 3170, and Dec. 29, 1907; San Felipe, Parry,
1850.

FABACEAE. Pea Famtity.

Leaves palmately foliate.

Flowers solitary. 1. Xylothermia.

Flowers racemose. 2. Lupinus.
Leaves unequally or equally pinnate or rarely entire.

Flowers umbellate or solitary. 3. Syrmatium.

Flowers in spikes or racemes, not umbellate.
Herbage glandular-dotted.

Flowers racemose; wings and keel wanting. 4. Amorpha.
Flowers spicate or racemose; petals all present. 5. Parosela.
Herbage not glandular-dotted. 6. Olneya.

1. XYLOTHERMIA. Srtincaree-susu.

Twigs and leaves green and merely puberulent. I. X. montana.
Twigs and leaves canescent. 1a. X. montana tomentosa.

I. XYLOTHERMIA MONTANA (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 188.
1891.

Pickeringia montana Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 389.

1840.

Type locality: “Summits of the mountains in the vicinity of
St. Barbara, California.”

Distribution: Islands off the coast of southern California, and
on the mainland in the chaparral of the Coast Ranges from the
vicinity of Santa Barbara, northward to Sonoma County, and in
the Sierra Nevada at least as far north as Mariposa County.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Cruz Island, Brandegee; La Cumbre
Peak, Santa Ynez Mountains, Abrams 4320.

Ia. XYLOTHERMIA MONTANA TOMENTOSA Abrams, Bull. Torrey
Club 34: 263. 1907.

Type locality: ‘“Near El Nido, San Diego County.”

Distribution: In the chaparral from the San Bernardino Moun-
tains southward to near the National Boundary, and probably
extending along the western slopes of the mountains of northern
Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

( 390 )

Specimens examined: San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 1650
meters, Parish 4990; El Nido, Abrams 3530.

2. LUPINUS. LupIneE.

Keel ciliate on the inner margin above the middle.
Flowers yellow or sometimes purple; seeds dark brown, not mottled;
leaves green, sparsely pubescent. 1. L. arboreus.
Flowers purple; seeds mottled; leaves more or less canescent.
Lower calyx-lobe entire; leaflets oblanceolate, acutish, 3-5 cm. long.
Seeds 5 mm. long, dark gray, mottled with dark brown; pubes-
cence of the branches and petioles short-villous, spreading.
2. L. longifolius.
Seeds scarcely 4 mm. long, light tan, mottled with dark tan;
pubescence of the branches and petioles appressed-silky.
3. L. Brittont.
Lower calyx-lobe 3-toothed; pubescence appressed-silky.
Leaflets spatulate, rounded or very obtuse at apex, longest 2.5

cm. long; bractlets 5-6 mm. long. 4. L. Hallit.
Leaflets narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, mostly 3-4
cm. long; bractlets 10-12 mm. long. 5. L. Douglasii.
Keel glabrous; herbage densely silky-pubescent. 6. L. Chamissonis.

1. Lupinus ARBOREUS Sims, Bot. Mag. 18: pl. 682. 1803.

Type locality: “Its native country is unknown to us.” Prob-
ably collected at San Francisco or Monterey.

Distribution: Vicinity of the coast from San Francisco south
to Santa Barbara. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Santa Barbara, Elmer 3843.

2. Lupinus LonciFrouius (S. Wats.) Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 209.
1904.
Lupinus Chamissonis longifolius S. Wats. Bot. Calif.1: 117. 1876.

Type locality: “From San Diego (Cleveland) to Ojai (Peckham),
San Pascual (Thurber) and San Antonio River, Brewer.”

Distribution: Slopes of the lower hills in the coastal region of
southern California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Lyon, April, 1884; Little
Santa Anita Canyon, Abrams 2621; Playa del Rey, Abrams 2505;
Santa Monica Forestry Station, Barber 44; Santa Monica Moun-
tains, Abrams 1696; San Pasqual, Thurber 615; San Diego, Cleve-
land 720; hillsides near Ysidora, Abrams 3290.

(391 )

3. Lupinus Brittoni sp. nov.

Bushy and shrubby below, with long herbaceous branches,
about 1 m. high; herbage appearing glaucescent with a minute
appressed pubescence; petioles slender, exceeding the leaflets;
leaflets 6-8, oblanceolate, 25-45 mm. long, acutish at apex, with
a prominent recurved point; racemes 15-30 cm. long; many-
flowered; flowers scattered or in approximate whorls; pedicels
5 mm. long; lower calyx-lobe entire, 7 mm. long; corolla (in dried
specimens) 15 mm. long, violet-purple; keel ciliate toward the
middle on the upper edges; pod 3 cm. long; seeds 5-6, scarcely
4 mm. long, nearly as wide, light tan, specked with dark tan.

Type collected by the writer (3904) in Cottonwood Valley,
San Diego County, June 5, 1903, and deposited in the Herbarium
of Stanford University.

The glaucescent instead of silvery herbage, the shorter and
closely appressed pubescence of the pedicels and calyx, and the
minute pale seeds, separate this species readily from true L. albi-
frons of central California. The characters given in the key con-
trast it with the other southern California members of this group.

4. Lupinus Hatuu Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 37: 151.
IgIO.

Type locality: ““Reche Canyon, altitude 400 meters, San Ber-
nardino Mountains.”

Distribution: Foothills of the San Gabriel and the San Bernar-
dino Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Reche Canyon, altitude 400 meters, Hall,
May 15, 1901; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4772; Anaheim,
Baker 4102.

5. Luprnus Douctasi Agardh, Syn. Gen. Lupin. 34. 1835.

Type locality: Collected by Douglas, probably near Monterey.

Distribution: Dry hillsides near Monterey southward to the
Santa Ynez Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Fremont’s Pass, Santa Ynez Mountains,

Mrs. Marshall, July, 1907.

6. Lupinus Cuamissonis Esch. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10: 288.
1826.

Type locality: “in Novae Californiae arenosis.” This was
probably collected at San Francisco.

( 392 )

Distribution: Along the seashore from San Francisco south to
Orange County. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Playa del Rey, Abrams 2502; Santa
Monica, Hasse 4823; Redondo, Grant 724.

3. SYRMATIUM. Cattrornia BRoom.

Herbage nearly glabrous, not silky-pubescent.

Calyx-teeth subulate, about 2 mm. long. 1. S. glabrum.
Calyx-teeth very short and triangular. 2. S. junceum.
Herbage appressed silky-pubescent. 3. S. procumbens.

1. SYRMATIUM GLABRUM Vogel, Linnaea 10: 591. 1836.

Hosackia scoparia Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 325.

1838.

Hosackia glabra Torr. U. S. Expl. Exped. 17: 274. 1874.
Lotus glaber Greene, Pittonia 2: 148. 1890.

Type locality: “California.” Probably collected in the vicinity
of the old Russian settlement, near Bodega Bay.

Distribution: Common on dry hillsides and slopes, especially
in chaparral, throughout the California Sub-area of the Upper
Sonoran, from Mendocino County and the western slopes of the
Sierra Nevada southward to northern Lower California.

The species of this genus here included are low broom-like suf-
frutescent plants, and not true shrubs.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3881; Torrey 105;
Sulphur Mountain, near Santa Paula, Abrams & McGregor 32;
Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams 3 McGregor 390;
Los Angeles, Tracy & Evans, July 5, 1887; foothills, near San
Bernardino, Parish 4776, S. B.& W. F. Parish 146; San Diego,
Nuttall; Thurber 524; Orcuit, Feb. 15, 1886; Palmer 58; Jacumba
Hot Spring, Abrams 3652.

2. SYRMATIUM JUNCEUM (Benth.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2:
147. 1886.

Hosackia juncea Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 326. 1837.
Lotus junceus Greene, Pittonia 2: 148. 1890.

Type locality: “California.” Collected by Douglas, probably
in the vicinity of Monterey.

Distribution: A maritime species occurring along the coast from
Monterey to San Diego. It is closely related to S. glabrum, and

(393 )

possibly is only a form of that widely distributed and variable
species. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Playa del Rey,
Abrams 2518; Del Mar, Brandegee, June 4, ——; San Diego,
Susan G. Stokes, June 4, 1895; Tia Juana, Abrams 3469.

3. SYRMATIUM PROCUMBENS Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 148.
1886.

Hosackia procumbens Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 82. 1885.
Lotus procumbens Greene, Pittonia 2: 149. 18g0.

Type locality: ‘“Tehachapi, Kern County.”

Distribution: This species is confined chiefly to the pinon belt
of the mountains surrounding the western end of the Mohave
Desert. The original specimens from Tehachapi were described
as prostrate, but in the Liebre Mountains the plants are erect.
The species is undoubtedly closely related to S. sericeum, and
probably will prove identical when that species becomes better
known. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tehachapi, Brandegee, May, 1889; Mount
Pinos, Elmer 3988; near Lancaster, Davidson, May 10, 1893;
Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams § McGregor 337;
Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Hall 1254; Burcham’s
ranch, Mohave River Canyon, Parish 4858; Tejon Pass, Hall 6264.

4. AMORPHA. Fatse InpIco.

Twigs and leaf-rachis with prickle-like glands; calyx-teeth triangular-lan-
ceolate, over half the length of the tube. 1. A. californica.
Twigs and leaf-rachis without prickle-like glands; calyx-teeth short-triangular.
2. A. occidentalis.

1. AMORPHA CALIFoRNICA Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1:
306. 1838.

Type locality: “Santa Barbara; near the coast.”

Distribution: In the chaparral of the coast slope of the southern
California mountains, from the vicinity of Santa Barbara south-
ward to San Pedro Martir Mountain. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Mount Pinos,
Elmer 3950; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 130; Mount Wilson, Grant 39; Little Santa Anita
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 2622; San Bernardino

(394)

Mountains, Hall 1288; Deep Creek, Abrams &9 McGregor 731;
Hathaway Flat,San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor
806; Santa Ana Mountains, Abrams 1828.

2. Amorpha occidentalis sp. nov.

Shrubby below, 2-3 meters high; flowering branchlets minutely
pubescent; leaf-rachis sparsely pubescent, without pickle-like
glands, bearing 8—10 pairs of leaflets; leaflets ovate to narrowly
oblong, sparsely pubescent with short-appressed hairs, firm in
texture, 2-4 cm. long; raceme 10-18 cm. long; pedicels 1.5 mm.
long; calyx-tube nearly glabrous, scarcely 2 mm. long; calyx-teeth
very short, triangular, densely short-villous; petal about 5 mm.
long; mature fruit not seen.

This species has been understood as A. californica Nutt., but
Nuttall’s specimens in the Torrey Herbarium, although too young
to determine accurately the character of the calyx-teeth, have
prickle-like glands. Plants from Santa Barbara, the type locality,
agreeing with Nuttall’s as to prickle-like glands, have lanceolate
calyx-teeth nearly equaling the tube. I have not seen the type
of A. hispidula Greene, but the central California plants are less
pubescent, and have relatively shorter calyx-teeth.

Type: San Diego River, near the Old San Diego Mission,
Abrams 3425, May 6, 1903. ‘Type specimen deposited in the
Stanford University Herbarium.

Distribution: Foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains south-
ward to San Diego, and probably adjacent Lower California.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Foothills, San Bernardino Mountains,
Parish, June, 1900; Reche Canyon, San Jacinto Mountains, Hall,
May 15, 1900; eastern base of the San Jacinto Mountains, Hall
2121; Janal, altitude 300 meters, Susan G. Stokes, June 19, 1895;
San Diego, Palmer 65; Jacumba Hot Spring, Cleveland, July 3,
1884; Julian, Dunn, Aug. 1892.

5. PAROSELA. Datea.
Leaves pinnate.

Calyx hoary-tomentose, its lobes slender, equaling or exceeding the tube.
Calyx 4-5 mm. long; spikes short, head-like. 1. P. Emoryi.
Calyx 8-10 mm. long; spikes loose, 3-4 cm. long. 2. P. arborescens.

Calyx appressed silky-pubescent to nearly glabrous, its lobes broad,

usually shorter than the tube.

Glands not prickle-like; branchlets appressed-pubescent.

(395 )

Calyx densely appressed silky-pubescent. 3. P. californica.
Calyx sparsely appressed-pubescent. 4. P. Fremontii.
Glands prickle-like; branches hirsute. 5. P. Saundersit.

Leaves simple.
Herbage green and nearly glabrous; leaves narrowly linear.
6. P. Schottit.
Herbage hoary with a minute appressed pubescence. 7. P. spinosa.

1. Paroseta Emory! (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 6.
1900.

Dalea Emoryi A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 315. 1855.
Type locality: “On the desert table-lands of the Gila.”
Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, eastward

to southern Arizona, and southward into Lower California and

Sonora. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Parish 4112; Carriso

Creek, Abrams 3987; Signal Mountain, Abrams 3180, and Dec.

29, 1907.

2. PAROSELA ARBORESCENS (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 5.
1900.
Dalea arborescens Torr.; A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 316.
1855.
Type locality: ‘Mountains of San Fernando, a southern branch
of the Sierra Nevada, California.”
Distribution: Apparently confined to the arid mountains and
hills of the Mohave Desert. Lower Sonoran. .
Specimens examined: Barstow Hills, Mohave Desert, Hall

6160; Black’s ranch, 32 kilometers northwest of Barstow, Hall
&¥ Chandler 6851.

3. PAROSELA CALIFoRNICA (S. Wats.) Vail, Bull. Torrey
Club 24: 17. 1897.

Dalea californica S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 132. 1876.
Type locality: ‘Collected by Dr. Parry in the San Bernardino
Mountains, California.” According to the “Botany of California”
Parry’s specimens were collected ‘“‘in dry washes in the San Ber-
nardino Mountains, near Cajon Pass.”
Distribution: Desert slopes of the San Bernardino and San
Jacinto Mountains, eastward to southern Utah. Lower Sonoran.

(396 )

Specimens examined: Canyon of the San Jacinto River, altitude
660 meters, Hall 2008; Banning, Davidson, June, 1892; Warren’s
Well, altitude 1160 meters, Parish 2992; Pipe Canyon, Parish
2991; no locality, Parry & Lemmon 86; Banning, Davidson, June,
1892.

4. Paroseta Fremonti (Torr.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24:
16. 1897.

Dalea Fremontit Torr.; A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 316.

1855.

Type locality: “Mountains of the Pah-Utah country, S. W.
California.”” This was collected by Fremont May 5, 1844, and
according to Fremont’s itinerary he was on what is now known as
Muddy River a few miles above its junction with Virgin River,
southern Nevada.

Distribution: Southern Utah and Nevada westward to the
Providence Mountains. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Brandegee, May
24, 1902.

5. Parosela Saundersii (Parish).
Dalea Saundersii Parish, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 2: 83. 1903.

Type locality: “In desert sands, near Victorville, cir. 3000 ft.
alt., in the Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, southern California. Lower Sono-
ran.

Specimens examined: Near Victorville, Hall 6197; near Kane

Springs, Ord Mountains, Hall & Chandler 6826 (?).

6. Paroseta Scuottu (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 6.
1900.

Dalea Schottii Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 53. 1859.

Type locality: “‘Diluvial banks of the Colorado.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, east-
ward to southwestern Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Parish 4113; Hall 5758;
diluvial banks of the Colorado, Schott, Feb. 1855; Chuckawalla
Mountains, Hall 5973; Borregos Springs, Brandegee, April 29,
1894.

(397 )
7. PAROSELA sPINosA (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Am.
Pied. 12,9... 1900.

Dalea spinosa A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 315. 1855.
Asagraea spinosa Baillon, Adansonia 9: 233. 1870.

Type locality: “Arroyos on the Gila; and on the California
desert west of the Colorado.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, and
extending eastward to southern Arizona, and southward into
Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Hall 5758; Carriso Creek,
Abrams 3980.

6. OLNEYA. Ironwoop.

1. Otneya Tesota A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 328. 1855.

Type locality: “On the table-lands of the Gila,” and “near
Bill Williams’ Fork,” Arizona.

Distribution: The Colorado Desert of southern California,
eastward into Arizona, and southward into Lower California and
Sonora. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Signal Mountain, Abrams, Dec. 29, 1907.

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Cattrop Famity.
1. COVILLEA. CREosoTE-BUSH.

1. COVILLEA TRIDENTATA (Moc. & Sesse) Vail, Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 26: 302. 1899.

Zygophyllum tridentatum Moc. & Sesse; DC. Prod. 1: 706.

1824.

Zygophyllum californicum Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep.

257; / O45.

Type locality: “In regno Mexicano.”

Distribution: The most common and widely distributed shrub
of the desert districts of southern California, extending eastward
to western Texas, and southward through the arid regions of
Mexico and Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Willow Springs, Abrams 3 McGregor 424;
Lancaster, Elmer 3664; Cushenberry Springs, Abrams 2147; Im-
perial Junction (Old Beach), Abrams 3202; Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3675.

( 398 )
RUTACEAE. RuveE Famity.

Leaves alternate; fruit a 2-lobed coriaceous capsule. 1. Thamnosma.
Leaves opposite; fruit a drupe. 2. Cneoridium.

1. THAMNOSMA.

1. THAMNOSMA MONTANUM Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second
Rep. 313.7. ap4e-

Type locality: “Passes of the mountains, and on the Virgin
river in Northern California.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, extend-
ing southward into northern Lower California, and eastward to
Arizona and southern Utah.

Specimens examined: Mission Creek bench, eastern base of the
San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 2987; Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3051.

2. CNEORIDIUM.

1. CNEORIDIUM DUMosuM (Nutt.) Hook. f.; Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calit: i:-97.. 1876,

Pitavia dumosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 215. 1838.

Type locality: “St. Diego, California.”

Distribution: One of the principal components of the chaparral
in the vicinity of San Diego, extending south into northern Lower
California, and eastward on the desert slopes of the Cuiamaca
and the San Jacinto Mountains; also in Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near San Dieguito (Bernardo), Abrams
3378; Valley Center, McClatchie, March, 1893.

POLYGALACEAE.
1. POLYGALA.

1. PoLyGaLta cornuTA Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 62. 1855.
Polygala californica Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 671.

1840, as a synonym.

Polygala Fishiae Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. 4: 39. 1884.

Type locality: Placerville.

Distribution: Sierra Nevada and the mountains of Santa Bar-
bara County, southward to Lower California. A slender, sparsely
branched, shrubby plant often growing a meter or more high.
Upper Sonoran.

(399 )

Specimens examined: Near Santa Barbara, Torrey 74; San
Gabriel Mountains near Pasadena, altitude 1200 meters, Mc Clat-
chie, July, 1893; Sierra Madre and Mount Wilson trail, altitude
1200 meters, Abrams, July, 1906; Canyon back of Monrovia,
Dudley, Dec. 1907.

EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurce Famity.

Flowers not in involucres; perianth evident, of several segments.
Flowers dioecious; herbage densely stellate-pubescent. 1. Bernardia.
Flowers monoecious; herbage not stellate-pubescent.
Staminate flowers uppermost; herbage pubescent with simple hairs;
leaves ovate, crenate-serrate. 2. Acalypha.
Pistillate flowers uppermost; leaves large, palmately lobed; glabrous.
3. Ricinus,
Flowers in involucres; perianth represented by a minute scale at the base of
a filament-like pedicel. 4. Tricherostigma.

I. BERNARDIA.

1. BERNARDIA MYRICAEFOLIA. (Scheele) S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2:
70. 1880.

Tyria myricaefolia Scheele, Linnaea 25: 581. 1852.
Ricinella myricaefolia Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 153. 1865.

Type locality: “An Waldrandern auf felsigem Boden, nordlich
von Neubraunfels, am Rande der Hochebene.”

Distribution: Mohave and Colorado Deserts, eastward to west-
ern Texas and northern Mexico. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Felipe, Parry, 1850.

2. ACALYPHA.
1. ACALYPHA CALIFORNICA Benth. Bot. Sulph. 51. 1844.

Type locality: “Bay of Magdelena,” Lower California.

Distribution: Southwestern San Diego County southward at
least to Magdalena Bay. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Poway, Parish 4430; near San Dieguito,
Abrams 3388; between Jamul and Jamacha, Abrams 3744.

3. RICINUS. Castor BEAN.

1, Ricinus communis L. Sp? Pl. 10075. ‘1753:

Type locality: “Habitat in India utraque, Africa, Europa
australi.”

( 400 )

Distribution: The castor bean has become fairly well natu-
ralized in many parts of southern California, and often develops
into small trees, 4-5 meters high.

4. TRICHEROSTIGMA.

I. TRICHEROSTIGMA MISERUM (Benth.) Kl. & Garcke, Monatsb.
Akad. Berl. 248. 1859.

Euphorbia misera Benth. Bot. Sulph. 51. 1844.

Type locality: “San Diego,” California, and “San Quentin,”
Lower California.

Distribution: On bluffs near the sea at San Diego, southward
through western Lower California, and also on the islands off the
coast of southern California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Blanche Trask,
Dec. 1900; San Diego, Parry, 1850; Palmer 452; Pringle, May,
1882; Jones, 1882; Point Loma, Abrams 3458. |

BUXACEAE. Box Famity.
1. SIMMONDSIA.

I. SIMMONDSIA CALIFORNICA Nutt. Lond. Journ. Bot.
3: 401, pl. 16. 1844.

Type locality: “Covering the sides of barren hills, in argilla-
ceous soils, near the sea, in the vicinity of St. Diego in Upper
California.”

Distribution: Vicinity of San Diego, southward through north-
ern Lower California, and eastward to Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Oneonta, Herre, Aug., 1902; Mission
Hills, San Diego, Abrams 3424; San Diego, Palmer 356; Parry,
1850.

ANACARDIACEAE. Sumac Famity.

Leaves compound, deciduous.
Fruit glabrous; nut globose, striate. 1. Toxicodendron.
Fruit viscid-pubescent and often villous; nut flattened, smooth.
2. Schmaltzia.
Leaves simple, evergreen; nut smooth.
Flowers in dense racemes; fruit pubescent; pericarp viscid, acid.
3. Neostyphonia.
Flowers in compound panicles; fruit small, glabrous; pericarp mealy.
4. Lithraea.

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1. TOXICODENDRON. Polson oak.

1. TOXICODENDRON DIVERSIFOLIUM (Torr. & Gray) Greene, Leaf-
lets. Bs TE.) F905.

Rhus diversiloba Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 218. 1838.

Type locality: “Borders of woods, etc. Oregon,” and ‘‘Cali-
fornia.” .

Distribution: Western Washington, southward to northern
Lower California. Several species have been segregated from this
by Greene but I can detect no specific differences between
the specimens which I have cited and those from farther north.
In any section there is marked variation in the foliage and
pubescence, so that these characters cannot be relied upon,
within certain limits, in making specific distinctions. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3940; Fort Tejon,
Abrams &F McGregor 298; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Moun-
tains, Abrams F McGregor 144; Sulphur Mountain, Abrams &
McGregor 46; San Gabriel, Bigelow, 1854; Pasadena, Jones
3200.

Rhus glabra L. has been reported by Parish (Bot. Gaz. 38: 461)
from “Chino Cafion, near Palm Springs, at the desert base of
San Jacinto Mt.,” where it was collected by Hasse.

2. SCHMALTZIA. Seouaw BERRY.

Fruit not villous. 1. S. cruciata.
Fruit villous.
Herbage minutely puberulent. 2. S. straminea.
Herbage densely soft-pubescent. 3. S. malacophylla.

I. SCHMALTZIA cRUCIATA Greene, Leaflets 1: 139. £905.

Type locality: “Hot Springs in the northern part of San Diego
Co Cali

Distribution: I have not been able to examine the original
specimens upon which this species was based, nor have I seen any
plants that answer the description. The validity of the numerous
species proposed by Greene, for what has passed as S. trilobata
(Rhus trilobata) can only be judged by thorough’field work and
the critical examinations of a large series of specimens. Upper
Sonoran.

( 402 )

2. SCHMALTZIA STRAMINEA Greene, Leaflets 1: 139. 1905.

Type locality: “Along Lytle Creek, San Gabriel Reserve, Calif.”

Distribution: The puberulent form is apparently confined to
the foothills and chaparral of the interior part of southern Cali-
fornia. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 149; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 320.

3. SCHMALTZIA MALACOPHYLLA Greene, Leaflets 1: 138. 1905.

Type locality: “Griffith Park, Los Angeles Co., Calif.”

Distribution: Apparently restricted to the coastal foothills.
The lobation of the leaves is variable, and there seems to be no
distinguishing characters between this and the preceding species
except pubescence, the stability of which is doubtful. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: North slope of the Santa Monica Moun-
tains, between Encino and Cahuenga Pass, Abrams 1310; Sepul-
veda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 3113; Playa del
Rey (Ballona Harbor), Abrams 286; Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena,
Grinnell, July 30, 1903.

3. NEOSTYPHONIA. LemonapeE BERRY.

Leaves oval, very obtuse at both ends. 1. N. integrifolia.
Leaves ovate, acute at apex. 2. N. ovata.

1. NEOSTYPHONIA INTEGRIFOLIA (Nutt.) Shafer, in Britton, N.
Am. Trees 612. 1908.

Styphonia integrifolia Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 220.
1838.
Rhus integrifolia Benth. & Hook.; S. Wats. U. S. Geograph.
Surv. 6: 84. 1878.
Styphonia serrata Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 220.
1838.
Type locality: “On the margins of cliffs near the sea around
San Diego and Santa Barbara.”
Distribution: Santa Barbara, southward through northern Lower
California. In the northern part of its range it is confined to
the sea-coast, but southward especially in San Diego County it

( 403 )

extends inland even to the desert slopes of the Cuiamaca Moun-
tains. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuitall; Parry, 1850;
Elmer 3808; Los Angeles, Franceschi, 1893; Playa del Rey,
Abrams 287; Big Tejunga Wash, San Fernando Valley, Abrams
1385; Claremont, Baker 4156; Ysidora, Abrams 3307; San Diego,
Brandegee (distributed by C. F. Baker 818); Herre, July 23, 1902.

2. Neostyphonia ovata (S. Wats.).

Rhus ovata §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 358. 1885.

Type locality: “On hills and mountains, away from the coast,
from San Diego to Los Angeles County, the Cantillas Mountains
in Lower California, and in Southern Arizona; also on Santa
Catalina Island.”

Distribution: Santa Ynez Mountains, southward through the
chaparral belt of the coastal slope to northern Lower California;
also on the islands of the coast of southern California, and in
Arizona. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Brandegee; Dunn,
- 1891; Elmer 3904; San Fernando Mountains, near Chatsworth,
Abrams 1369; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 2559; Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Dudley,
Dec. 1907; hills near Monrovia, Baker 4147; Lone Pine Canyon,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 677; Redlands,
Parish, April 21, 1891; Fallbrook, Jones 3318; between Campo
and Potrero, Abrams 3710.

4. LITHRAEA. Cattirornia suMAC.

1. LirHRaEaA LauRINA (Nutt.) Walp. Rep. 1: 551. 1842.

Rhus laurina Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 219. 1838.
Type locality: ‘On bushy plains, near St. Barbara, California.”
Distribution: Southern slopes of the Santa Ynez Mountains

southward to northwestern Lower California, and on the islands

as far south as Cedros Island. In southern California this species
is confined chiefly to the lower portions of the chaparral belt.

Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 4015; Mountain

Drive, Santa Barbara, Abrams 4154; Santa Monica Canyon,

Abrams 2192; Scoville’s Hill, Pasadena, Grinnell, July 3, 1903;

( 404 )

near San Gabriel, Bigelow, March 23, 1854; Little Santa Anita
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 2639; near Monrovia,
Dudley, Dec. 8, 1907; hills near Elsinore Lake, Dutton, June 2,
1898; Jamul, Susan G. Stokes, June 19, 1895; San Diego, Herre,
July 23, 1902; Chandler 4122.

RHAMNACEAE. BucxtTHorn FamIty.

Fruit drupaceous, free from the calyx.

Drupe enclosing a single stone. 1. Condalia.
Drupe enclosing 2-4 nutlets. 2. Rhamnus.
Fruit becoming nearly or quite dry, partly inferior.
Calyx-lobes deciduous; style elongated, 3-lobed. 3. Ceanothus.
Calyx-lobes persistent; style short, notched. 4. Adolphia.
1. CONDALIA.
Petals none; sepals persistent; drupe 5 mm. long. 1. C. spathulata.
Petals present; sepals deciduous.
Drupe 5 mm. long, beakless; herbage canescent. 2. C. divaricata.
Drupe 15 mm. long, beaked; herbage glabrous. 3. C. Parryt.

1. Conpatia spaTuutata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 32. 1852.

Type locality: “On the Rio Grande, Texas; and prairies on the
San Felipe.”

Distribution: Southwestern Texas to the Colorado Desert of
southern California. I have not seen any specimens of this from
southern California, but according to Trelease (A. Gray, Syn.
Fl. 1, pt. 1: 403) it has been collected at Mesquite, Parish 793.
Lower Sonoran.

2. Conpatia pivaricata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 427.
1909.
Zizyphus lycoides canescens A. Gray, U.S. Geog. Sur. 6: 82. 1878.
Condalia lycoides canescens Trelease, A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 1:

403. 1897.

Type locality: “Las Vegas, Nevada.”

Distribution: Southern Nevada southward through western
Arizona and the deserts of southern California to northern Lower
California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from south-
ern California, but according to Trelease (I. c.) it has been collected
by Parish at Mammoth Tank in the Colorado Desert.

( 405 )

3. ConpaLia Parryi (Torr.) Weberbauer, in Engler & Prantl,
Nat. Pflanzenf. 3, ab. 5: 404. 1895.

Zizyphus Parryt Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 46. 1859.

Type locality: “Gravelly ravines near San Felipe, California.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert south-
ward to Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Morongo Canyon, altitude 1000 meters,
Parish 2969; Whitewater Canyon, Pringle, March 25, 1882; San
Felipe, Parry, 1850; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3650.

2. RHAMNUS. BucxTuorn or COFFEE BERRY.

Flowers polygamo-dioecious; petals none; leaves pungently toothed.
Branches spinescent; leaves obovate, 6-12 mm. long; calyx-lobes tri-
angular. 1. R. crocea.
Branches not spinescent; leaves 12-40 mm. long; calyx-lobes lanceolate.
Leaves becoming glabrous and shiny; anthers 1 mm. long.
2. R. tlicifolia.

Leaves more or less pilose; antherso.5 mm.long. 3. R. pilosa.
Flowers perfect; petals minute, emarginate; leaves not pungently toothed.
Leaves green and glabrous beneath. 4. R. californica.
Leaves canescent beneath.
Leaves entire, tomentulose beneath. 5. R. tomentella.
Leaves serrulate, hirsutulose beneath. 6. R. cuspidata.

1. Roamnus crocEA Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
£52655 (51638:

Type locality: “Around Monterey, California.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California, southward to
northern Lower California. In southern California it occurs on
dry exposed ridges in the lower part of the chaparral belt, espe-
cially on the footslopes of the mountains. Upper and Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Montecito, Franceschi, 1894; Big Tejunga
Wash, Abrams 1370; Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena, Grinnell, July
30, 1903; mesas near San Bernardino, Parish, May 26, 1898;
San Diego, Jones 3087; Brandegee, 1889; Coronado, Dunn, April
7, 1891; Tia Juana, Abrams 3400.

2. Ruamnus I1iciFoLia Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 37. 1863.

Rhamnus crocea tlicifolia Greene, Fl. Fran. 79. 1891.
Type locality: ‘Vicinity of Clear Lake.”

( 406 )

Distribution: Coast Ranges from Lake County southward to
the southern boundary of the State. In southern California this
is a larger, less rigid bush than R. crocea, with leaves that very
closely resemble those of Laurocerasus ilicifolia. It is a com-
mon shrub in the chaparral belt of the coastal slope. Upper
Sonoran’

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Parry; Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, Brandegee, May, 1888; Sulphur Mountain Spring, Abrams
€f McGregor 39; Saugus, Elmer 3640; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa
Monica Mountains, Abrams 3114; Pasadena, Brandegee, May,
1888; San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams 1020; Claremont, Baker
30653; Pasadena, Grinnell, Aug. 1, 1903; Oakgrove Canyon,
Liebre Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 333; Cleghorn Canyon,
San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 710; ‘Temecula
Canyon, Greene, June, 1889; Campo, Abrams 3587.

3. Ruamnus Pitosa (‘Trelease) Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club 37: 153. Ig10.

Rhamnus crocea pilosa Trelease; Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1:
258,. Lseo-

Type locality: “Santa Maria Valley, in the mountains back of
San Diego.”

Distribution: Mountains and foothills of San Diego County.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountains east of San Diego, Parry,
1859; San Diego, Parry; 1850; vicinity of San Ysabel, Henshaw
235; San Felipe, Susan G. Stokes, July 26, 1895.

4. RwaMnus cALIFoRNICA Esch. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10: 285.
1823.

Rhamnus oleifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 123, pl. 44. 1833.

Endotropis oleifera Raf. Sylva Tellur. 31, 1838.

Rhamnus laurifolius Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 260.
1848.

Perfonon laurifolium Raf. Sylva Tellur. 29. 1838.

Frangula californica A. Gray, Gen. Ill. 2: 178. 1849.

Rhamnus Purshiana californica Rehder, in Bailey, Cyclop. Am.
Flort. 1570: +1902:
Type locality: ‘In Novae Californae fruticetis.”
Distribution: In the Coast Ranges, from Mendocino County

( 407 )

southward to San Bernardino County. In southern California
this is acommon shrub in the chaparral on the mountains and foot-
hills, especially toward the coast. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Torrey, 1850;
Pasadena, Jones, May 8, 1882; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica
Mountains, Abrams 2541; Claremont, Baker 3443; San Gabriel
Canyon, Leiberg 3404; Arroyo Seco, above Devil’s Gate, Abrams
1427; Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 9 McGregor
$22; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 700.

5. RHAMNUS TOMENTELLA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 303. 1848.

Rhamnus californica tomentella Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: ror.

1876.

Rhamnus Purshiana tomentella K. Brand. Zoe 1: 244. 1890.

Type locality: “In montibus Sacramento.”

Distribution: In the chaparral belt of the Sierra Nevada, ex-
tending southward to northern Lower California, and eastward
to Arizona. In southern California this species replaces R. cali-
fornica on the more interior mountains away from the influence of
the coast fogs. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3817; Sespe Creek,
near Ten Sycamore Flat, Abrams &§ McGregor 166; Sisar Canyon,
Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 66; foothills of the San
Bernardino Mountains, Parish, June 26, 1898; San Diego, Parry,
1850; Palomar Mountain, McClatchie, July, 1896; near Foster’s,
Abrams 7371; Cuiamaca Mountains, between Julian and Cuia-
maca, Abrams 3962; Buckman’s Springs, Susan G. Stokes, July 18,
1895; hills near Campo, Abrams 3605.

6. Ruamnus cuspipaTa Greene, Leaflets 1: 64. 1904.

Type locality: ‘“Near Tehachapi.”

Distribution :Tehachapi Mountains, southward along the desert
slopes of the San Gabriel and the San Bernardino Mountains.
Upper Sonoran. .

Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Abrams & McGregor 532,
621; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams § McGregor
327; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 664; Hathaway Flat, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
&§ McGregor 809.

( 408 )

3. CEANOTHUS. Wid titac.

*Stipules thin and mosily fugacious; leaves alternate; capsules
without dorsal or apical horns; flowers racemose
or paniculate.

Leaves"deciduous, entire, pinnately veined, or somewhat 3-nerved in the first
species; twigs not at all spinescent; flowers white, paniculate.
Leaves ovate, pubescent above; capsule smooth, slightly crested, 4-5 mm.

broad. 1. C. iniegerrimus puberulus.
Leaves elliptic, glabrous above; capsules roughened, rather prominently
crested, 7 mm. broad. 2. C. Palmer.

Leaves evergreen; flowers blue or rarely white.
Leaves pinnately veined, elliptic, entire; twigs slender, spinescent; arbo-
rescent shrub. 3. C. spinosus.
Leaves 3-nerved, ovate-lanceolate to ovate.
Twigs stiff and spinescent; leaves entire and glabrous (except in
no. 5).
Erect branching shrubs, racemes elongated.
Leaves often sparsely glandular-toothed, pubescent above.
4. C, divaricatus.
Leaves entire, glabrous above.
4a. C. divaricatus eglandulosus.
Spreading, flat-topped shrub; twigs pale o1 olive color; raceme
short, spreading. 5. C. cordulatus.
Twigs not at all spinescent; leaves glandular-toothed, pubescent.
Large arborescent shrubs or small trees.
Capsules glabrous.
Leaves glabrous above. 6. C. sorediatus.
Leaves pubescent above.
Leaves minutely velvety-pubescent above, densely
white-tomentose beneath.
7. C. tomentosus.
Leaves somewhat hirsute above, not velvety,
hirsute beneath; twigs hirsute or villous.
8. C, oliganthus.
Capsules glandular-villous; leaves and twigs pubescent.

9g. C. Orcuttii.
Low shrubs, 3-10 dm. high.

Leaves elliptic or narrowly ovate, 2 cm. long or less.
10. C. austro-montanus.
Leaves round-ovate, their veins deeply impressed on the
back, 1 cm. long or less, villous.
Il. C. impressus.
**Stipule-bases persistent, thick and corky or spongy; capsule usually with
dorsal or apical horns as well as crests; flowers umbellate,

white or rarely blue (no. 15).
Leaves alternate.

Leaves narrowly obovate, cuneate, entire; capsule 7-10 mm. broad,
horns dorsal, stout. 12. C. megacarpus.

( 409 )

Leaves broadly obovate, usually denticulate; capsule 6 mm. broad,
neither crested nor horned. 13. C. verrucosus.
Leaves opposite.
Horns of capsules dorsal, spreading, slender; leaves usually toothed, often
concave, tomentose to nearly glabrous above.

14. C. vestitus.
Horns near the summit, erect.

Leaves pungently toothed; horns stout.
Twigs and leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent, the latter
prominently toothed and holly-like; flowers blue.
15. C. Jepsoni.
Twigs and under surface of leaves tomentose, the latter with
shallow teeth; flowers white.
Venation on under surface of leaves hidden by the dense
tomentum; leaves strongly revolute.
16. C. crassifolius.
Venation distinct through the fine tomentum; leaves not

revolute. 16a. C. crassifolius planus.
Leaves entire; canescent below, with short, incurved hairs; horns
rather slender. 17. C. cuneatus.

1. Ceanothus integerrimus puberulus (Greene).

Ceanothus puberulus Greene, Leaflets 1: 66. 1904.

Type locality: ‘‘Altitude of 4000 and 5000 feet in the San Ber-
nardino Mountains.”

Distribution: Frazier Mountain southward to the San Jacinto
Mountains. ‘Transition.

This southern plant differs from the typical form in being pubes-
cent on the upper surface of the leaves, since this character is not
constant its true relation seems best expressed in the varietal rank.

Specimens examined: Goodnough Meadow, Dudley 4755; can-
yon near Elizabeth Lake, Dudley 4419; Liebre Mountain, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 369; Mount Gleason, Elmer 3595; Mount Wilson,
Grant 149; North Baldy, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 585; Lytle Creek Canyon, 1740 meters, Hall, May, 1899;
Caiion Diablo, Parish 4693; Huston’s Flat, Shaw & Illingsworth
157; Cleghorn Canyon, Abrams t9 McGregor 712; Hathaway Flat,
Abrams &§ McGregor 810; summit of Mount Santiago, Abrams
1843.

2. CEANoTHUS PALMERI Trelease, Proc. Calif. Acad.
Te b: 109: > 2886.

Ceanothus spinosus Palmeri K. Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 4:
185. 1894.

( 410 )

Type locality: “Mountains of Southern California (Palmer,
1875, 42).”

Distribution: Mountains of Ventura County and the Cuiamaca
Mountains. ‘Transition.

Specimens examined: Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 123; Cuiamaca Mountains, Palmer 23; Cuiamaca, Bran-
degee, June 15, 1894, and June 3, 1896; Middle Peak, Cuiamaca
Mountains, Abrams 3853.

3. Ceanotuus spinosus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
b:)1838: (267.

Type locality: “Mountains of St. Barbara.”

Distribution: Mountains of southern California, toward the
coast, from Santa Barbara County south to Orange County.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Parry, 1850;
Elmer 3917; Franceschi, April 4, 1894; Lockwood Creek, Dudley,
June, 1896; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams
291, 3115; near Los Angeles, Davidson, 1891; Trabuco Canyon,
Santa Ana Mountains, Abrams 1854.

4. CEANoTHUS DivaricaTus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1: 266. 1838.

Type locality: “Mountains of St. Barbara, California, and also
near the town.”

Distribution: Mountains of Monterey County, southward to
the San Bernardino Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Douglas; Brewer
286; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 157; Sisar Canyon, altitude 1050 meters, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 63; Hines Peak, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & Mce-
Gregor 83; Cold Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 1500
meters, Abrams F McGregor 828.

4a. CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS EGLANDULOSUuS Torr. Pacif.
R. Rep.as775.. 1857.
Ceanothus eglandulosus Trelease, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 10.
1888.
Ceanothus leucodermis Greene, Kew Bull. 1895: 15. 1895.

Type locality: “On mountains near San Gabriel” and “Cohon
Pass.”

(411 )

Distribution: Liebre Mountains, southward to northern Lower
California. ‘This is one of the characteristic shrubs of the chapar-
ral on the interior mountains in southern California. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near San Gabriel, Bigelow, March 22,
1853 (type); Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Dudley,
Dec. 1907; Mount Wilson trail, Abrams, July 19, 1906; near the
summit of Mount Wilson, Abrams 2609; Mount Gleason, Elmer
3610; Big Tejunga Wash, Abrams 1371; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre
Mountains, Abrams F McGregor 328; Cajon Pass, Bigelow, 1853;
Canon Diablo, Parish 4694; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams F McGregor 711; Santa Ana Mountains
near Elsinore, Baker 4144; Abrams, July 21, 1908; Nuevo, Bran-
degee 10; Cottonwood grade, near Potrero, Abrams 3731.

5. CEANOTHUS coRDULATUS Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 124, pl. 39.
1861.

Type locality: “Brought by Dr. J. A. Veatch from Washoe.”

Distribution: Sierra Nevada Mountains, southward through the
mountains of southern California, where it is rather common in
the higher altitudes of the Transition and Canadian Zones.

Specimens examined: North Baldy, altitude 2250 meters,
Abrams &¥ McGregor 618; Mount San Antonio, altitude 2000
meters, Hall 1217; near Bear Valley, Abrams 2866; Mount San
Antonio, 4brams 2706; Mount San Jacinto, Hasse 5660.

6. CEANOTHUS soREDIATUS Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 328. 1840.

Type locality: Collected by Douglas in California.

Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California from Solano
County southward to northern Santa Barbara County, also in the
San Gabriel Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Dudley, Dec. 1907.

7. CEANOTHUS TOMENTosuUS Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. 5: 190.
1889.

Ceanothus oliganthus tomentosus K. Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. II.
4: 198. 1894.
Type locality: “Brown sandstone ledges, Jone, Amador County.”
Distribution: Foothills of the Sierra Nevada in Amador County,

(412)

in the chaparral of the San Bernardino Mountains, and in the
San Diego region. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Edgar Canyon, Parish 4103; Mill Creek
Canyon, Parish 2023, 2088; Encinitas, Brandegee, March 28,
1894; San Diego, Brandegee 33; Nuevo, Brandegee 36; San Die-
guito, Abrams 3732; Cottonwood grade, Abrams 3379.

8. CEANOTHUS OLIGANTHUs Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1: 266. (5838,

Ceanothus hirsutus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 266.

1838.

Type locality: ‘‘Bushy woods on the hills of St. Barbara.”

Distribution: In the chaparral of the mountains of Santa Bar-
bara County, southward to the San Gabriel Mountains, where it
extends at least as far eastward as Monrovia. This species is
therefore confined chiefly to the coastal mountains. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Brewer 280;
Franceschi, April 2, 1894; Brandegee 30; Santa Ynez Mountains,
Elmer 3776; Abrams, March 6, 1909; Pasadena, Brandegee 31;
Mount Wilson trail, Abrams 1504; Millard’s Canyon, Abrams 292;
Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Dudley, Dec., 1907.

g. CeanotHuus Orcutri Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. 5: 193.
1889.

Ceanothus hirsutus Orcuttit Trelease, in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 1:

414. 1897.

Type locality: “High Mountains east of San Diego, C. R. Or-
Cutt.”

Distribution: Cuiamaca Mountains of San Diego County.
Borders of the Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Nuevo, Brandegee 32; between Julian
and Cuiamaca, Abrams 3965.

10. Ceanothus austro-montanus sp. nov.

Low, erect shrub, 3 meters high or less; branchlets reddish or
grayish-brown, short-pubescent and glandular; petioles 3 mm.
long or less; leaves oblong to narrowly ovate, 8-12 mm. long, 4-6
mm. wide, conspicuously glandular-toothed, minutely appressed-
pubescent above, pale beneath and pubescent on the veins; pe-
duncles 3-5 cm. long; racemes a half to a third as long; fruiting

(413 )

pedicels 5 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly triangular, nearly 2 mm.
high; capsule 3 mm. broad, slightly longer, very shallowly lobed;
dorsal crests inconspicuous.

Related to C. foliosus Parry of the North Coast Ranges (Marin
to Mendocino Counties); but that species has a deeply lobed and
relatively broader capsule, and smaller, narrower calyx-lobes.

Type: Coniferous forests, between Julian and Cuiamaca, Abrams
3906, July 1, 1903. The type specimen is deposited in the Stanford
University Herbarium.

Distribution: Cuiamaca Mountains, southern California. ‘Tran-
sition.

II. CEANOTHUS IMPRESSsUS Trelease, Proc. Calif. Acad.
LT: tre)" 1188s:

Ceanothus dentatus 1mpressus Trelease, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: pt. 1:
ALS) 107:
Type locality: “Santa Barbara County.”
Distribution: Coastal region of Santa Barbara and San Luis
Obispo Counties. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Surf, Elmer 3870.

12. CEANoTHUS MEGACARPUS Nutt. N. Am. Sylva, 5: 46. 1846.

Ceanothus macrocarpus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 267.

1838. Not Cav. 1794.

Type locality: “Mountains of St. Barbara, California.”

Distribution: Mountains and foothills especially toward the
coast, from Santa Barbara south to the Santa Monica Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Brandegee 80;
Elmer 3869; Mountain Drive, Abrams 4124; Santa Catalina
Island, Brandegee 88; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Moun-
tains, Abrams 2560.

13. CEANOTHUS VERRUCOsUs Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
Be 26750) 1838s
Type locality: “Low hills near the coast, St. Diego, California.”
Distribution: Dry mesas and hills in the vicinity of San Diego,
and southward into northern Lower California. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: San Diego, Nuttall; Parry, 1850; Enci-
nitas, Brandegee 91; hills near San Dieguito, Abrams 3739; mesas
near San Diego, Susan G. Stokes, May 28, 1895.

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14. CEANOTHUS vEsTITUS Greene, Pittonia 2: 101. 1890.

Type locality: “Borders of pine forests on the mountains near
Tehachapi, Kern Co., Calif.”

Distribution: Southern Nevada, southward to the San Ber-
nardino Mountains. In southern California this species is con-
fined chiefly to the desert slopes of the mountains in the pinon
belt. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams
€¥ McGregor 260; Pine Creek near Mutau Flat, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 194; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 334; Rock Creek, Abrams &§ McGregor 567; eastern
slope of Mount San Antonio, altitude 2400 meters Abrams 2717;
eastern base of the San Jacinto Mountains Hall 2156; Cahuilla
Valley, Hall 1164; San Felipe Canyon, Brandegee 114; between
Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3700.

15. CEANoTHUS JEPsoNnI Greene, Man. Bay-Region 78.
1894.

Type locality: ‘Open hills in Marin Co., near San Geronomo,
and northward.”

Distribution: This species has only been known from the Coast
Ranges north of San Francisco Bay, but the specimens cited below
seem identical. ‘The species is closely related to C. pinetorum of
the southern Sierra Nevada, but that has much more prominent
stipules. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Hills west of Pomona, Baker 4oor.

16. CEANoTHUS cRassiFoLIus Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 75.
1857.

Type locality: “Mountains south of Los Angeles.”

Distribution: A common shrub in the chaparral from Santa
Barbara County, southward to northern Lower California. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Newhall, Brandegee 85; Mount Lowe, Grant
1147; San Fernando Mountains, near Chatsworth, Abrams 1364;
Cajon Pass, Bigelow, March 16, 1853; Beaumont, Parish 4104,
Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor
672; Santiago Canyon, Helen D. Geis, April, 1902; near Foster’s,
Abrams 3767; Nuevo, Brandegee 84.

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16a. Ceanothus crassifolius planus var. nov.

Like the type in structural characters but leaves not revolute
on the margin, and much less tomentose beneath, the venation
being very evident through the sparse tomentum. An apparent
geographic variation.

Type: Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Ventura County,
Abrams &5 McGregor 124, June 8, 1908. ‘The type specimen is
deposited in the Stanford University Herbarium.

Distribution: Mountains of Santa Barbara and Ventura Coun-
ties. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3758; near
Sespe Hot Springs, Dudley 4777; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 124.

17. CEANOTHUS CUNEATUS (Hook.) Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N.
Am. I: 267: 1838.

Rhamnus cuneatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 124. 1829.

Type locality: ““Near the sources of the Multonomak River,
in sandy soils growing under the shade of Pinus Lambertiana.”

Distribution: Southern Oregon southward throughout Cali-
fornia. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Fort Tejon, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 295; Cuddy’s ranch, Dudley 4485; Sisar Canyon, Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 67; near Azusa, Abrams 3128;
Elizabeth Lake, Abrams & McGregor 410; Colton, Jones 3176;
San Bernardino, S. B. & W. F. Parish rors; Claremont, Baker
237; hills near Campo, Abrams 3500; San Clemente Island, Blanche
Trask 198.

4. ADOLPHIA.
1. ADOLPHIA CALIFORNICA S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 126.
1876.

Type locality: “At Solidad and Chollas Valley, near San Diego
and near Monterey.” The last station is unquestionably an error.

Distribution: From the vicinity of San Diego southward through
northern Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near San Diego, Parry, 1850; Soledad
Palmer 44; Jones 3132; Chollas Valley, Cleveland; Tia Juana,
Abrams 3481.

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VITACEAE. Grape Famity.

VILIS. Grave
1. Vitis Grrp1ana Munson, Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 59. 1887.

Type locality: “San Diego Co.” and “Los Angeles Co. Cali-
fornia.”

Distribution: Along streams on the coastal and desert slopes
of the southern California mountains, from Santa Barbara south-
ward. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Alice Cooper, Oct. 4, 1908; near Monrovia, Dudley, Nov. 1907;
Lytle Creek Canyon, Abrams 1955; West Fork of Deep Creek,
San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 723; vicinity
of San Bernardino, Parish 5013; Jamul Valley, Susan G. Stokes,
June 19, 1895; between Foster’s and Ramona, Abrams 3760.

MALVACEAE. Mattow Famity.

Stigmas linear. 1. Lavatera.
Stigmas capitate.
Seeds not comose; fruit with a central axis. 2. Malacothamnus.
Seeds comose; fruit without a central axis. 3. Hibiscus.

1. LAVATERA. TREE MALLOW.

1. LAVATERA ASSURGENTIFLORA Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 14.
1854.

Type locality: “Island of Anacapa, off the coast of Santa Bar-
bara.”

Distribution: A native of the islands off the coast of southern
California; cultivated on the mainland where it sometimes appears
as an escape.

2. MALACOTHAMNUS. Bus MALLow.

Calyx and herbage clothed with very short-rayed stellate pubescence.
Leaves green above, sparsely stellate-pubescent.
Inflorescence mostly simple; flower-clusters nearly sessile.
1. M. fasciculatus.
Inflorescence branched; flower-clusters lax.
1a. M. fasciculatus splendidus.
Leaves hoary on both surfaces, with a dense soft stellate-pubescence.
2. M. Nuttallii.

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Calyx and herbage clothed with long-rayed hispid-like stellate pubescence.
Leaves 6-8 cm. broad, rugose; calyx-tube not obscured by the pubescence;
calyx-lobes triangular. 3. M. Davidsoni.
Leaves 2-3 cm. broad; nut rugose; surface of calyx-tube completely
hidden by the dense hoary hispid pubescence; calyx-lobes lanceolate-
acuminate. 4. M. orbiculatus.

1. MatacoTHAMNuS FasciIcuLatTus (Nutt.) Greene,
Leaflets 1: 208. 1906.

Malva fasciculata Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.1: 226. 1838.
Malvastrum fasciculatum Greene, Fl. Fran. 108. 1891.
Malvastrum Thurbert A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 307. 1855.

Type locality: “St. Barbara.” Nuttall’s specimens are like
the form occurring at San Diego, where he probably obtained his
specimens, as the species has not since been found at Santa Barbara.

Distribution: The typical form seems to be confined to south-
western San Diego County. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: “St. Barbara” (?), Nuttall; San Diego,
Brandegee (distributed by Baker 1626); Orcutt, 1884; Palmer
25; Abrams 3429; Chollar Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June 15, 1895;
Lemon Grove road, Chandler 5208.

1a. Malacothamnus fasciculatus splendidus. (Kell.)

Malvastrum splendidum Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 67. 1855.
Malvastrum Thurbert laxiflorum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 291.

1887.

Type locality: Contributed by “Mr. M. A. Wallace of Los
Angeles,” who probably collected it on the neighboring hills.

Distribution: Santa Monica and San Fernando Mountains,
southward to the Santa Ana Mountains and eastward to the San
Bernardino Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cahuenga Pass, Davidson, May 1, 1892,
and April 10, 1900; Abrams 1246; Verdugo Hills, Abrams 1382;
near San Bernardino, Parish, June 15, 1898, Laguna, Orange
County, Abrams 178r.

2. Malacothamnus Nuttallii sp. nov.

Shrub, 2-3 meters high; branches erect or ascending, canescent
with a short-rayed stellate pubescence; petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long;
leaves acutely 5-lobed, crenate-serrate, slightly or not at all cor-
date, 2.5-4 cm. long, equally hoary on both surfaces with a close,

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soft, short-rayed, stellate pubescence; inflorescence loose, com-
pound; bractlets subulate, 2-3 mm. long; calyx 1cm. long; lobes
triangular, acute, equaling the tube; petals rose-purple, twice the
length of the calyx; carpels stellate-pubescent on the summit,
obovate, 3 mm. high.

This species was first discovered by Nuttall who considered it
an undescribed species of Malva, but the name proposed by him
over seventy years ago has never been published and now is not
tenable. I therefore take pleasure in naming this long unrecognized
but strikingly distinct species in honor of that acute observer and
enthusiastic collector.

Type: Casitas Pass, Ventura County, Abrams, July 25, 1908.
The type specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Stanford
University.

Distribution: Southern slopes of the Santa Ynez Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Foothills of the Santa Ynez Mountains,
near Santa Barbara, Elmer 3730; Franceschi, Nov. 1909; Greene,
July, 1886; Casitas Pass, Abrams, July 25, 1908.

3. MatacotHamnus Davinson! (Robinson) Greene,
Leaflets 1: 208. 1906.

Malvastrum Davidsoni Robinson, in A»Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 1: 312.

1897.

Type locality: The type specimens were collected by Dr. A.
Davidson in ‘San Fernando Valley.”

Distribution: Robinson reports this species from Antelope and
Bear Valleys as well as from the San Fernando Valley. ‘The Bear
Valley specimens cited by him I have not seen, but those from
Antelope Valley (Parish 1955) belong to the next species. ‘This
species is known to me only from San Fernando Valley and the
adjoining La Canada. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Fernando, Davidson, May, 1893, and
June 24, 1895; San Fernando wash, Davidson, 1907; Big Tejunga
wash, Lyon, Aug. 1884; La Canada, Abrams r4or.

4. Ma.LacotTHamus orBicuLatus Greene, Leaflets 1: 208.
1906.

Malvastrum orbiculatum Greene, Fl. Fran. 109. 1891.
Type locality: “In the mountains south of Tehachapi, Kern
Or evig

(419 )

Distribution: On the desert slopes of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains northward to the Tehachapi Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Griffens, Lockwood Valley, Elmer
3895; between Oakgrove Canyon, and Elizabeth Lake, Abrams &
McGregor 405; Antelope Valley, Parish 1955; north slope of the
San Bernardino Mountains, S. B. & W. F. Parish 139; Gold
Mountain, Abrams 2070; Swartout Valley, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F} McGregor 631; Acton, Davidson, July 4, 1892;
Rock Creek, Davidson, July 4, 1893.

In addition to these four mainland species there is a fifth on
the islands, Malacothamnus nesioticus (Robinson) = Malvastrum
nesioticum Robinson, in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 1: 312. 1897.
This species is intermediate between M. fasciculatus and M. Nut-
tallit, having the leaf-outline of the latter, but with the upper
surface green and nearly glabrous.

3. HIBISCUS. Roser Matiow.

1. Hisiscus pENupDATus Benth. Bot. Sulph. 7, p/. 3. 1844.

Type locality: “Bay of Magdalena.”

Distribution: Dry gravelly ravines and slopes of the Colorado
Desert, extending southward into northern Lower California,
and eastward to El Paso. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Signal Mountain, Colorado Desert,
Abrams 3178, and Dec. 29, 1907; Palm Springs, Mrs. Hutchinson,
April, 1910.

STERCULIACEAE. Srercuuia Famity.
I. FREMONTODENDRON. CatirornIA SLIPPERY ELM.

I. FREMONTODENDRON CALIFORNICUM (Torr.) Coville, Cont. Nat.
Herb. 4: 74. 1893.

Fremontia californica Torr. Pl. Frem. 5, pl. 2. 1853.
Chiranthodendron californicum Baill. Hist. Pl. 4: 70. 1873.

Type locality: “Sources of the Sacramento, in the northern
part of the Sierra Nevada of California.”

Distribution: Western slope of the Sierra Nevada and the more
interior parts of the Coast Ranges, from the vicinity of Mt. Shasta
south to the Cuiamaca Mountains. Higher altitudes of the Upper
Sonoran and the lower parts of the Transition.

( 420 )

Specimens examined: Cuddy’s ranch, Rothrock 278; San Ysabel, -
Henshaw, May 12, 1893; Lytle Creek Canyon, altitude 1250
meters, Abrams 2606; near Elizabeth Lake, Abrams & McGregor
404; Soldier’s Camp, near Fort Tejon, Abrams & McGregor 272;
Rock Creek, Abrams &§ McGregor 615.

FRANKENIACEAE. FranxentA Famity.
1. FRANKENIA. YERBA REUMA.

1. FRANKENIA PatmeErt S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 124. 1876.

Type locality: “Lower California, upon the gulf side.”
Distribution: Vicinity of San Diego, southward along the coast
of Lower California, and on the adjacent islands. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: National Ranco, near San Diego, Cleve-
land, May 11, 1880; borders of salt marshes, National City,
Pringle, May 3, 1882; San Diego, Herre, Aug. 8, 1902.
Another species, Frankia grandiflora, which is a perennial, her-
baceous plant, is abundant in low saline ground along the coast.

FOUQUIERACEAE. Fovauiera Famity.
1. FOUQUIERA. OcoTILto.

1. FouQUIERA SPLENDENS Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem.
Tour. North Mex. 98. 1848.

Type locality: “From the Journada del Muerto in New Mexico,
to Chihuahua, Saltillo, and Monterey.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the Cuiamaca and San Jacinto
Mountains, eastward to western Texas, and south through north-
ern Mexico. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Signal Mountain, Abrams 3164.

CISTACEAE. Rocxrose Famity.
1. HELIANTHEMUM. Rock rose.

Petals 4-6 mm. long; calyx-lobes 3-5 mm. long in flower. 1. H. scoparium.
Petals 8-13 mm. long; calyx-lobes 6-7 mm. longin flower. 2. H. Aldersont.

(421 )

1. HELIANTHEMUM scopaRIuM Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1 525 | 2038.

Type locality: “Dry hills around Monterey, California.”

Distribution: Northern California, southward to the vicinity of
Los Angeles. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Bushy hillsides, near Los Angeles, Hasse,
June 5, 1888; near Monrovia, Dudley, Dec. 16, 1907; Etiwanda,
Abrams 2664; Lytle Creek Canyon, Hall 1400.

2. HeELIANTHEMUM ALDERSONI Greene, Erythea 1: 259. 1893.

Type locality: “Mountains of the southern border of San Diego
Co. Calif. among rocks in hard and sterile granitic soil.”

Distribution: Foothills on the coastal slope of the San Ber-
nardino Mountains, southward to Lower California. Upper and
Lower Sonoran.

This is perhaps best considered as a geographical variation of
the former. It differs chiefly in being taller and having larger
floral parts, characters that do not seem constant.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4837;
foothills near San Bernardino, Parish, June 15, 1898; Dulzura,
Abrams 3749; Potrero, Susan G. Stokes, July 19, 1895.

CACTACEAE. Cactus Famity.

Leaves present, but early deciduous, subulate; spines straight, sheathed;
glochids present, retrorsely barbed and easily detached; stems conspicu-
ously jointed. 1. Opuntia.

Leaves absent; spines hooked or straight, never sheathed; glochids always

wanting; stems not jointed or if so not conspicuously; flowers borne
on more or less vertical ribs.
Flowers nearly vertical arising from young areolae. 2. Echinocactus.
Flowers lateral, arising just above fully developed spine-bearing areolae.
Ovary scaly, nearly or quite destitute of spines; tall, columnar, tree-

like plants. 3. Carnegiea.
Ovary and fruit spiny; stems slender-cylindric; flowers greenish-
yellow; seeds not tuberculate. 4. Bergerocactus.

Only the larger or taller cacti which, on account of their size,
have the appearance of shrubs, are included in this list.

1. OPUNTIA. Prickty Pear.

Joints of the stems not flattened, cylindrical (except no. 4); spines sheathed.
Stems very slender; spines usually solitary in the areoles.
I. O. ramosissima.
Stems stout; spines several in each areole.

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Fruit fleshy, sparsely or not at all spiny; flowers deep red.
Branches widely spreading; spine-sheaths yellowish or rusty.
2. O. prolifera.
Branches erect or ascending, forming close compact cluster
above, at length becoming reflexed; sheath-spines bright-
whitish. 3. O. Bigelovit.
Fruit dry and very spiny; flowers yellow or copper color.
Stems erect, with few alternate branches; spines very slender;
flowers copper color. 4. O. acanthocarpa.
Stems diffusely branching; flowers yellow.
Joints ovate-clavate; fruit densely spiny.
5. O. echinocarpa.
Joints cylindrical.
Stems usually prostrate; areoles of ovary bearing sev-
eral spines. 6. O. californica.
Stems erect and bushy; areoles of ovary bearing a
single spine. 7. O. bernardina.
Joints of the stem flattened, narrowly obovate to suborbicular; spines not
sheathed.
Fruit dry and spiny. 8. O. hystricina.
Fruit fleshy.
Spines brownish.
Flowers yellow. g. O. Covillet.
Flowers magenta. 10. O. magenta.
Spines yellow.
Old trunks very spiny; seeds 2.5-3.5 mm. broad.
11. O. chlorotica.
Old trunks becoming spineless; seeds 5-6 mm. broad.
Areoles 35-50 mm. apart. 12. O. occidentalis.
Areoles 25 mm. apart. 13. O. littoralis.

1. OPUNTIA RAMOSISSIMA Engelm. Am. Journ.
pci aT aaa.) 1852.

Opuntia tessellata Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 309. 1856.

Type locality: “Gravelly soil near the Colorado, and in the
desert.” Collected by Dr. Parry on an expedition “from the
sea-coast (San Diego) to the mouth of the Gila.”

Distribution: Southern Nevada, southward to Sonora, and west-
ward to the Mohave and Colorado Deserts. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Yuma, Toumey; Colorado Desert, Sykes.
2. OPUNTIA PROLIFERA Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.

Type locality: “San Diego, on arid hills and in dry creek beds.”

Distribution: A maritime species extending from the vicinity
of San Pedro southward to San Diego, and probably into north-
ern Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

( 423 )

Specimens examined: Mission Hills, San Diego, Abrams 3304.

3. Opuntia BiceLovu Engelm. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 50. 1856.

Distribution: Southern Nevada and Arizona, southward to the
western slopes of the Colorado Desert. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Whitewater, Rose, 1908.

4. OPUNTIA ACANTHOCARPA Engelm. & Bigel. Proc.
Am. Acad. 3: 308. 1856.

Type locality: “Mountains of Cactus Pass, between Santa Fe
and the Western Colorado.”

Distribution: Southern Utah and Nevada, southward through
Arizona. Reported from Death Valley by Schumann. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: near Campo, Sykes; Mammoth Tank,

Sykes.

5. OPUNTIA EcHINOCARPA Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am.
Acad. 3: 305. 1856.

Type locality: “In the valley of the Lower Colorado.”

Distribution: Western Arizona, westward through the Mohave
and Colorado Deserts, and southward into Sonora and Lower Cali-
fornia. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Dudley, Dec. 1902; Rock
Creek, desert slope of the San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 564; Banning, Toumey, 1895; Barstow, Shaller.

6. OpuNTIA CALIFORNICA (Nutt.) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
13: 119. 1899.

Opuntia serpentina Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. I]. 14: 338. 1852.
Cereus californica Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 555.
1840.
Type locality: ‘Arid hills and denuded tracts near St. Diego,
California, common.”
Distribution: Dry mesas and foothills of southwestern San
Diego County, southward into Lower California. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Tia Juana, Abrams 3474.

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7. OPUNTIA BERNARDINA Engelm.; Parish, Bull.
Torrey Club 19: 92. 1892.

Type locality: “Dry hills and mesas from the Coast Range to
the San Bernardino Mts., in the San Jacinto and San Bernardino
Valleys.”

Distribution: A characteristic plant of the interior valleys of
southern California. It occurs in the vicinity of Newhall, in the
San Fernando Valley, and is common in the San Bernardino and
San Jacinto Valleys. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cajon Pass, Abrams 9 McGregor 690;
Elsinore, Abrams, July, 1908; Warner’s Ranch, Schaller; Pala,
Schaller.

8. OPUNTIA HySTRICINA Engelm. & Bigel. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 44,
DL. ES, F257. EBS:

Type locality: “At the Colorado Chiquito and on the San Fran-
cisco mountains.”

Distribution: Western Texas, westward to southern Nevada,
and Owen’s Valley, California, according to Schumann. I have
seen no specimens within our limits. Lower Sonoran.

9. Opuntia Covitie: Britton & Rose, Smiths. Miscel. Coll. 50:
532. 1908.

Type locality: “San Bernardino, California.”

Distribution: On the gravelly footslopes in the San Bernardino
and San Jacinto Valleys, and occasionally along the desert bases
of the San Gabriel Mountains. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek, desert slope of the San
Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 558.

10. Opuntia MAGENTA Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 268.
1908.

Type locality: “Near Redlands, California.”

Distribution: This species seems to be confined to the foothills
and footslopes around the San Bernardino Valley. I have not seen
any specimens. Lower Sonoran.

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11. OPUNTIA CHLOROTICA Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am.
Acad. $3) 291.) 1856.

Type locality: “Western Colorado Country, between New
Mexico and California, from the San Francisco Mountains to
Mohave Creek.”

Distribution: New Mexico, westward through Arizona and
southern Nevada to the Mohave Desert, and southward to Sonora.
I have not seen any southern California specimens. Lower
Sonoran.

12. OPUNTIA OCCIDENTALIS Engelm. & Bigel. Proc.

Am. Acad. 3: 291. 1856.

Opuntia Engelmann occidentalis Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 1: 248.

1876.

Opuntia Lindheimeri occidentalis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 421.

1896.

Type locality: “On the western slope of the California moun-
tains, near San Diego and Los Angeles.”

Distribution: The common prickly pear of the coast slope of
southern California, often growing in dense thickets of consider-
able area. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Hasse 6169; near Pasadena,
MacDougal, 1906; Mesa Grande, Schaller; Pala, Schaller.

13. OPUNTIA LITTORALIS (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Smiths.
Miscel. Coll. 50: 529. 1908.

Opuntia Engelmanni littoralis Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 1: 248. 1876.
Opuntia Lindheimert littoralis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 422.

1896.

Type locality: “On the coast from Santa Barbara and the islands
in its gulf to San Diego, and southward.”

Distribution: Bluffs along the seashore of southern California,
and on the islands off the coast. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Playa del Rey, Abrams 2515.

3. ECHINOCACTUS.
Stems simple, large, globose to cylindrical (“‘barrel-cactus”); ovary scales
ovate orbicular; fruit not woolly.
Central spine 1; flowers purple. 1. E. Emory.

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Central spines 4; flowers greenish-yellow.
Radial spines all stout and annulated. 2. E. cylindraceus.
Radial spines of 2 kinds; the lateral slender and flexuous, the dorsal
and ventral slightly ribbed. 3. E. Lecontet.
Stems numerous, often growing in mats; ovary-scales subulate; fruit densely
woolly. 4. E. polycephalus.

1. Ecuinocactus Emory Engelm. in Emory, Notes Mil.
Reconnois. 157. 1848.

Type locality: “Oct. 25, 1846.” According to Emory’s notes
he was on the Gila River in the vicinity of San Carlos Creek on
this date.

Distribution: Central and western Arizona, southward into
Sonora and Lower California, and westward into southern Cali-
fornia. This species was reported from the “Mohave region” in
the Botany of California, but it is not certain that Bigelow’s speci-
mens were collected on the California side of the Colorado River.
The species is to be expected, however, along the eastern border
of the Mohave Desert and southward along the eastern borders
of the State. Lower Sonoran.

2. ECHINOCACTUS CYLINDRACEUS Engelm. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 32.
1856. .

Echinocactus viridescens cylindraceus Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II.

$421998. 1852.

Type locality: “Near San Felipe, on the eastern slope of the
California mountains.”

Distribution: Gravelly slopes and washes along the western
border of the Colorado Desert. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Whitewater, Rose, 1908.
3. Ecutnocactus Leconte Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 29. 1856.
Echinocactus Wislizeni Lecontei Engelm. U. S. Geog. Surv. 6: 128.

1878.

Type locality: “First noticed by Dr. John L. LeConte, on the
lower Gila.” :

Distribution: Southwestern Utah, westward to the eastern
borders of southern California, and southward through western
Arizona to Sonora. This species was observed by Bigelow “at
the head waters of Williams River, down this stream to the Colo-
rado, and west of it till E. polycephalus took its place.” Coville

(427)

and Funston also report it from Surprise Canyon, in the Panamint
Mountains. Lower Sonoran.

4. EcHINOcACTUS POLYCEPHALUS Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 31.
1856.

Type locality: “Stoney and gravelly hills and dry beds of
torrents from 20 miles west of the Rio Colorado to about 150 miles
westward up the Mohave.”

Distribution: From the vicinity of Victor, northward to the
Inyo Mountains, and eastward to southwestern Utah and western
Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Barstow, Rose, 1908.

4. CARNEGIEA. Giant Cactus.

1. CARNEGIEA GIGANTEA (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Journ.
No Yi Bat. Gard. 9.1872) 1908:

Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconnois. 159.

1848.

Pilocereus Engelmannit Lem. Ill. Hortic. 9: Misc. 97. 1862.
Pilocereus giganteus Haage & Schmidt, Cat. 230. 1898.

Type locality: ‘Along the Gila River, about the middle of its
course.”

Distribution: The Giant cactus occurs through the southern
part of Arizona and northern Sonora, and, according to Dr. D. T.
MacDougal, it extends across the Colorado River into the borders
of southern California in the vicinity of Ehrenburg. Lower
Sonoran.

5. BERGEROCACTUS.

1. BercERocactus Emoryi (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Contr.
Nat. Herb. 12: 474. 1909.

Cereus Emoryt Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.

Type locality: “In thick patches, on dry hills near the sea shore
about the boundary line,”’ near San Diego, California.

Distribution: Vicinity of San Diego, southward into Lower
California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tia Juana, Abrams 3473.

(428 )

CORNACEAE. Docwoop Famity.

Flowers in aments, dioecious; stigmas lateral. 1. Garrya.
Flowers not in aments, perfect; stigmas terminal.
Flowers cymose, not subtended by an involucre. 2. Svida.

Flowers capitate, subtended by a large petaloidinvolucre. 3. Cynoxylon.

1. GARRYA. SILK-TASSEL TREE.

Pubescence on lower surface of leaves of tangled or matted hairs.
1. G. Veatchii Palmeri.
Pubescence on lower surface of leaves of upwardly appressed hairs.

2. G. pallida.

1. Garrya Veatcui Patmerti (S. Wats.) Eastwood, Bot.
Gaz. 36: 458. 1903.

Garrya flavescens Palmeri S. Wats. Bot. Gaz. 1: 276. 1876.
Garrya Veatchii undulata Eastwood, Bot. Gaz. 86: 458. 1903.

Type locality: ‘““Milquatay, 60 miles from San Diego, on the
Fort Yuma Road.”

Distribution: In the chaparral belt of the mountains from
Ventura County south to northern Lower California. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: La Cumbre trail, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Abrams 4308; Switzer’s trail, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell
16; Arroyo Seco Caynon, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 40;
Sisar Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams (F McGregor 64;
Lytle Creek Canyon, Abrams 2805; Lone Pine Canyon, San
Gabriel Mountains, Abrams § McGregor 671.

2. GARRYA PALLIDA Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 287.
1902.

Type locality: “Kings River Canyon,” Kern County, Cali-
fornia.

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada south to the Cuiamaca
Mountains. Upper Sonoran and lower altitudes of the Transition.

Specimens examined: Buckhorn Tavern, near Fort Tejon,
Abrams (3 McGregor 283; La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, Abrams 4318; Topatopa Mountains, dbrams & McGregor
104; Rock Creek, Abrams &§ McGregor 568; Cold Creek, San
Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 9 McGregor 814; Mount Santiago,
Abrams 1811; Middle Peak, Cuiamaca Mountains, Abrams 3872.

( 429 )

2. SVIDA. Docwoop.

1. Svida californica (C. A. Mey.)
Cornus californica C. A. Mey. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Petersb.

3: 372. 5845.

Cornus sericea occidentalis Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 652.
1840.

Cornus pubescens californica Coulter & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15: 37.
1890.

Cornus occidentalis Coville, Cont. Nat. Herb. 4: 117. 1893.

Type locality: “Hab. in litore occidentali Americae septentrio-
nalis (Hooker), in California prope St. Francisco! (Cham.) et prope
coloniam Ross!”

Distribution: Southern British Columbia and western Idaho,
south to southern California. Upper Sonoran and Transition.

Specimens examined: Oak Knoll, Pasadena, Grant 217; Swart-
out Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 653;
near Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 1800
meters, Abrams 2009; western slope of San Jacinto Mountain,
altitude 1800 meters, Hall 2233; Cuiamaca Mountains, Palmer
46; Palomar Mountain, Parish 4465; Grass Valley, San Bernar-
dino Mountains, Parish 3105.

3. CYNOXYLON. FLowertnc Docwoop.

1. Cynoxyton Nutratui (Audubon) Shafer, in Britton, N. Am.
Trees 746. 1908.

Cornus Nuttallit Audubon; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 652.
1840.
Type locality: “Oregon.”
Distribution: British Columbia and northern Idaho, extending
southward to the mountains of southern California. ‘Transition.
Specimens examined: Near Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino
Mountains, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams 2016.

ERICACEAE. Hearty Famity.

Fruit capsular; anthers not appendaged.
Bracts thin, deciduous; leaf-buds scaly; leaves not heath-like.
1. Azalea.
Bracts firm, persistent; no scaly buds; leaves heath-like.
2. Phyllodoce.

( 430 )

Fruit a berry or berry-like drupe; anthers with dorsal, reflexed appendages;
corolla urn-shaped.

Ovary 5-celled; ovules several to each cell. 3. Arbutus.
Ovary 5-10 celled; ovules 1 to each cell.
Ovary rugose or granular. 4. Comarostaphylis.

Ovary not rugose or granular.
Leaves dark green and glabrous above, tomentose beneath, not

vertical. 5. AX ylococcus.
Leaves similar on both surfaces, often vertical.
6. Uva-ursi.

1. AZALEA. AZALEa.

1. AZALEA OCCIDENTALIS Torr. & Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 116.
1857.

Rhododendron occidentale A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 458. 1876.
Type locality: “Laguna de Santa Rosa, in low and wet ravines.”
Distribution: Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada, southward to

the Cuiamaca Mountains in San Diego County. Transition.
Specimens examined: San Jacinto Mountains, in canyons on

the west side, at 1800 meters, Hall 2241; Cuiamaca Mountains,

altitude 1500 meters, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; Abrams 3953.

2. PHYLLODOCE.

1. PHyLtopoce Breweri (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 1.
1900.

Bryanthus Brewert A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 367. 1868.

Type locality: Of the several specimens cited, the first, which
was collected by Brewer, was from “Woods Peak, Eldorado Co.,”
California.

Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains, southward through
the higher altitudes of the Sierra Nevada to Mount San Gorgonio,
San Bernardino Mountains. Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Mount San Gorgonio, Abrams F Me-
Gregor 750.

3. ARBUTUS. Mapro§o.

1. Arsutus Menziesii Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 282. 1814.

Type locality: “On the north-west coast of America.”

Distribution: British Columbia, southward to the San Gabriel
Mountains in southern California. Transition and extending into
the Upper Sonoran.

( 431 )

Specimens examined: Mt. Wilson trail, altitude 1000 meters,

Abrams 1515.
4. COMAROSTAPHYLIS.

1. COMAROSTAPHYLIS DIVERSIFOLIA (Parry) Greene, Bull. Calif.
Acad. 2: 406. 1887.

Arctostaphylos arguta diversifolia Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. 4:

35. 1884.

Arctostaphylos diversifolia Parry; A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2, ed. 2, pt. 1:

397. 1886.

Type locality: “In Jamul Valley.” The first of several localities
mentioned, and the only one from which flowering specimens were
obtained.

Distribution: Santa Monica Mountains, southward to northern
Lower California, and on the islands off the coast, as far north-
ward as Santa Cruz Island. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Cruz Island, Grinnell, Sept. 3,
1903; Topango Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Hasse, July
14, 1906.

5 ie LOCOCCUS:

I. XyLococcus Bicotor Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 259.
1843.
Comarostaphylis bicolor Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 78. 1851.
Arctostaphylos bicolor A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 366. 1867.
Arctostaphylos Cleveland: A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, pt. 1: 29. 1878.
Type locality: “Hab. Monterey, Upper California.” This is
probably an error for the species is not known in the Monterey
region. Nuttall’s specimens no doubt came from San Diego.
Distribution: In the chaparral on the mesas and foothills of
western San Diego County, southward to northern Lower Cali-
fornia, also on the islands off the coast. Upper and Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Cottonwood Grade, near Potrero, Abrams
3729.
6. UVA-URSI. Manzanita or BEARBERRY.
Pedicels and ovaries glabrous.
Stone solid, broadly ellipsoid, merely angled or ribbed; branchlets, inflores-
cence and young leaves canescent. 1. U. Parryana.
Stone lobed, depressed-globose, irregularly separable into nutlets.

Branchlets, inflorescence and young leaves canescent; leaves becom-
ing dull-green. 2. U. pungens.

(432)

Branchlets and inflorescence with a golden resinous undument, or
glandular pubescent; leaves bright yellowish-green.
3. U. patula.
Pedicels more or less pubescent or villous; ovaries pubescent or viscid.
Bracts firm, herbaceous or foliaceous; sepals ciliate on the margins, other-
wise glabrous or puberulent.
Fruit ovoid, very viscid; stone solid, slightly ribbed; leaves very
glaucous; branchlets glabrous or sometimes glandular-villous.
4. U. glauca.
Fruit depressed-globose, pubescent, not viscid; stone lobed and sepa-
rable into irregular nutlets; pubescence of herbage variable.
5. U. tomentosa.
Bracts thin and scarious; sepals and herbage glandular-villous; stone solid,
ovoid. 6. U. drupacea.

Dr. F. N. Williams (Journ. Bot. 48: 183,184. 1910) has shown
that Uva-ursi (Tourn.) Miller (Gard. Dict. 3. 1754) has priority
over Arctostaphylos Adans. (Fam. 2: 163. 1763) and should re-
place it, according to the Vienna Rules.

1. Uva-ursi Parryana (Lemmon)

Arctostaphylos Parryana Lemmon, Pittonia 2: 68. 1890.

Type locality: “On the Tehachapi Mountains of south-central
California, four miles west of Keene Station.”

Distribution: Tehachapi Mountains and Mount Pinos, south-
ward to Mount San Antonio. ‘Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, altitude 2100 meters,
Abrams &§ McGregor 261; Elmer 3980; Soldiers’ Camp, near Fort
Tejon, Abrams &F McGregor 281; Coldwater Canyon, Mount San
Antonio, altitude 2250 meters, Abrams 2716.

2. Uva-ursi pungens (H.B.K.).

Arctostaphylos pungens H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 278, pl. 250.
1818.
Daphnidostaphylos pungens Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 80. 1851.
Type locality: “Crescit in Regio Mexicano, locis alsis, juxta
Moran et Villalpando, alt. 1300-1400 hex.”
Distribution: Southern California, southward to the mountains
of Lower California and central Mexico. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Near Clark’s ranch, San Bernardino
Mountains, altitude 1500 meters, Abrams 2936; between Campo
and Jacumba Hot Spring, 4brams 3624; Pine Valley, San Diego

(433 )

County, Mearns 3980; West Fork of Deep Creek, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 721.

3. Uva-ursi patula (Greene)

Arctostaphylos patula Greene, Pittonia 2: 171. 1891.

Type locality: ““The common manzanita of dry rocky ridges in
pine woods of middle altitudes in the Sierra Nevada, California,
from Calaveras Co. southward to Fresno.”

Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains, southward to the
San Jacinto Mountains. ‘Transition.

Specimens examined: Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Abrams 2019; Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, alti-
tude 2400 meters, Hall 2419 (in part); between Dollar Lake and
Hathaway Flat, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams & McGregor
804.

4. Uva-ursi glauca (Lind1.)

Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: sub pl. 1791. 1836.

Type locality: “California, Douglas.”

Distribution: Central California, southward to the southern
boundary of the State. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 30967;
Arroyo Seco Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 32, 37;
Mount Wilson trail, altitude 900 meters, Abrams r5or; Red Reef
Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 156; Lone
Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 670.

5. Uva-ursi tomentosa (Pursh)

Arbutus tomentosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 282. 1814.
Arctostaphylos tomentosa Dougl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 7911. 1836.
Xerobotrys tomentosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 268.

1843.

Type locality: “On the north-west coast of America.”

Distribution: Southern British Columbia, southward to north-
ern Lower California. In southern California this species grows
in the higher altitudes of the Upper Sonoran and sometimes ex-
tends into the lower part of the Transition. There is great varia-
tion, especially in pubescence, and several well-marked forms seem
to occupy distinct geographic areas. In the coastal mountains the

( 434)

plants are usually setose-hispid and glandular-pubescent or glandu-
lar-villous. They are very much like Menzies’ original specimens,
and perhaps are also identical with 4. glandulosa Eastw. The
specimens I have cited from the Topatopa, the Liebre, and the
San Bernardino Mountains are not at all glandular and are almost
or entirely without setose hairs. The leaves are comparatively
bright green, being only sparsely tomentose. In the Cuiamaca
Mountains, on the other hand, the plants have very pale foliage,
which is more or less permanently canescent. The branches are
without setose hairs, but are either canescent or glandular-
pubescent.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3708;
Mount Wilson trail, altitude 600 meters, Abrams 1500; 'Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams {3 McGregor 84; Liebre Mountain, Abrams &
McGregor 370; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams § McGregor 705; Mount Wilson trail, altitude 1000 me-
ters, Abrams 1520; Los Tunas Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 1699; Silverado Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D.
Geis 723; between Julian and Banner, Abrams 3973; hills near
Campo, Abrams 3620.

6. Uva-ursi drupacea (Parry)

Arctostaphylos Pringlet drupacea Parry, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 494.

1887.

Type locality: “Mountains east of San Diego.”

Distribution: San Bernardino Mountains, southward to north-
ern Lower California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mill Creek Falls, 1600 meters, Parish
5070; Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams,
July 28, 1901; Abrams & McGregor 726; San Jacinto Mountains,
altitude 1400 meters, Hall 2092; summit of Cuiamaca Mountain,
Abrams 3947; Cold Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 815.

STYRACACEAE. Sryrax Famity.
1, SYTYRASG? STORAX.

I. STYRAX CALIFORNICUM FULVESCENS Eastw. Bot.

Gaz. 41: 286. 1906.

Type locality: ‘“‘Near the Painted cave in the Santa Ynez Moun-
tains back of Santa Barbara, California.”

(435 )

Distribution: Santa Ynez Mountains and San Bernardino
Mountains, in the upper portion of the chaparral belt. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Santa Barbara, Bolander, 1873;
Santa Ynez Mountains, Brandegee, 1888; foothills of the San
Bernardino Mountains, Clare E. Cummings, May 1, 1896; foot-
hills near San Bernardino, altitude 1800 meters, Wright 216; San
Bernardino Mountains, altitude 800 meters, Leiberg 3324; Vasey
361; Waterman Canyon, Shaw & Illingsworth 14.

OLEACEAE. Otive Famity.

Fruit a samara; leaves usually pinnate. 1. Fraxinus.
Fruit not a samara; leaves entire.
Fruit a 2-parted membranous capsule; corolla yellow; low shrub.

2. Menodora.
Fruit a drupe; corolla none; arborescent shrub. 3. Adelia.

1. FRAXINUS. Asu.

Leaflets several.
Petals 2; leaflets rounded or obtuse at apex, 2-3 cm. long.

1. F. dipetala.
Petals none; leaflets acute or acuminate.

Body of the fruit equaling the wing in length; lateral leaflets sessile.
2. F. oregona.
Body of the fruit scarcely over half the length of the wing.
Leaves usually glabrous; lateral leaflets stalked. 3. F. coriacea.
Leaves tomentose-pubescent; lateral leaflets sessile.

4. F. velutina.
Leaflets only 1 or occasionally 3. 5. F. anomala.

1. FRaxinus DIPETALA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 362, pl. 87.
1840.

Type locality: California, Douglas.

Distribution: Coast Ranges and foothills of the Sierra Nevada,
south to southern California, where it is most frequent in the in-
terior mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimen sexamined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3822;
Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 5053; Abrams &
McGregor 821; Sespe Creek, near Ten Sycamore Flat, Abrams &
McGregor 175; Sulphur Mountain, Abrams & McGregor 37; Po-
trero Hills, near San Jacinto, S. B.t& W. F. Parish 278; City
Creek Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 600 meters,
Leiberg 3301.

(436)

2. FRAXINUS OREGONA Nutt. Sylva N. Am. 3: 59. 1849.

Fraxinus americana oregona Wesmael, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30:

110. 1892.

Type locality: “This is the only species of Ash we met with
in the Oregon territory. . . . We never saw it above the falls of
the Oregon.”

Distribution: Puget Sound, southward through western Wash-
ington and Oregon to southern California. Upper Sonoran and
Transition.

Specimens examined: San Gabriel River Canyon, Abrams 876.

3. Fraxinus corIAcEA S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 30. 1873.

Type locality: ““Ash Meadows, Nevada, and Devil’s Run Can-
yon, Arizona.”

Distribution: Southern Utah and Nevada to northern Arizona,
and from the vicinity of Owen’s Lake southward in the San Gabriel
and San Bernardino Mountains, California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lytle Creek Canyon, altitude 800 meters,
Abrams 2741; Liebre Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 400; Cajon
Pass, Abrams &§ McGregor 692; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams tF McGregor 703. (These specimens have
narrower leaflets and much broader samaras than typical coriacea,
and, on more extensive examination of material, may prove to be
distinct.)

4. Fraxinus vELutina Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconnois.
149. 1848.

Type locality: “In the region between the waters of the Del
Norte and Gila; also on the Mimbres, a tributary of the latter river.”

Distribution: Southern New Mexico and Arizona to southern
California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3705; near Toro Mountain, altitude 1300 meters, Leiberg
31067.

5. FRAXINUS AMOMALA Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King’s Exped. 283.
1874.
Type locality: “In Labyrinth Canyon on the Colorado River,
Utah,” and “St. George on the Rio Virgen in the southwestern
portion of the State.”

(437)

Distribution: Southwestern Colorado, southern Utah and Ne-
vada, southward to northern Arizona, and the Providence Moun-
tains in southern California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Brandegee, 1902.

2. MENODORA.
Shrubby, 6-10 dm. high, spinescent; herbage puberulent; corolla-lobes oblong,

3 mm. long. 1. M. spinescens.
Woody only at base, 3-4 dm. high, not spinescent; herbage glabrous; corolla-
lobes ovate, 6-8 mm. long. 2. M. scoparia.

1. MEeNnopora spinescENS A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 388.
1867.

Type locality: “Canyons and hillsides of the southwestern part
of the State of Nevada.”

Distribution: Southern Nevada westward to Inyo County,
California, and southward to the Providence Mountains. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Cooper, May 29,
1861.

2. MENoporRA scopaRIA Engelm.; A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 471.
1876.
Menodora scabra glabrescens A. Gray, U. S. Geog. Surv. 6: 15.
1878.
Type locality: “Saltillo, Mexico.”
Distribution: Northern Mexico and western Texas westward
to the desert slopes of the southern California mountains. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Dry gravelly hills, Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3641.

3. ADELIA.
1. ADELIA NEO-MEXICANA (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 410.
1891.

Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 63. 1876.

Forestiera acuminata parvifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 364.
1859.

Adelia parvifolia Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 148. 1893.

(438 )

Type locality: “New Mexico; near Santa Fe, Fendler, no. 547.
Below El Paso, Wright, no. 1699. Semelenque Springs, Dr.
Bigelow.”

Distribution: Western Texas and southern Colorado westward
to the western extremities of the Mohave Desert in southern Cali-
fornia. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Willow Springs, Antelope Valley, Abrams
€F McGregor 425; Rock Creek, east slope of the San Gabriel Moun-
tains, altitude 1350 meters, Abrams F McGregor 566.

POLEMONIACEAE. Putox Famity.
1. LEPTODACTYLON.

Corolla salverform, 2.5-3 cm. long.
Herbage not glandular-pubescent. 1. L. californicum.
Herbage glandular-pubescent. 1a. L. californicum glandulosum.
Corolla funnelform, 1.5—2 cm. long.
Herbage glandular-pubescent; leaves alternate.
2. L. Hookert.
Herbage not glandular-pubescent; leaves opposite.
3. L. Halli.

1. LEPTODACTYLON CALIFORNICUM Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech.
369. 1840.

Gilia californica Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 316. 1845.

Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas probably near
Monterey or Santa Barbara.

Distribution: In chaparral of the coast mountains from Santa
Barbara northward to Monterey. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Brandegee, no date.

1a. Leptodactylon californicum glandulosum (Eastw.).

Gilia californica glandulosa Kastw. Bot. Gaz. 37: 447. 1904.

Type locality: “The common form growing around Pasadena,
California.”

Distribution: In the chaparral belt of the mountains of south-
ern California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Pasadena, Jones 3209; La Canada,
Forbes, May 2, 1902; Little Santa Anita Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams 2624; Santa Ana Canyon, near Yorba, Helen
D. Geis, April, 1902; Lytle Creek Canyon, altitude 600 meters,
Hall 1413.

(439 )

2. Lepropactyton Hooxeri (Dougl.) Nutt. Journ. Acad.
Philad. 0008 r157:) 1847.

Phlox Hookert Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 73. pl. 159. 1838.
Gilia Hookert Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 316. 1845.

Gilia pungens Hookeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 268. 1870.
Gilia pungens eupungens var. Hookert Brand. Pflanzenreich 4,

Pam; 2502 126. 1907:

Type locality: “Hab. common on arid, sandy and rocky soils
near the narrows of the Oakangen and Priest’s Rapids of the
Columbia.”

Distribution: Southern British Columbia, southward through
Washington and Oregon to southern California. ‘Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3744; near Green
Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Hall ro64; Bear Valley,
Parish 3683; Snow Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish
5959:

3. Lepropactyton Hat (Parish) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 146.
1906.

Gilia Halli Parish, Erythea 7: 94. 1899.
Gilia pungens Halli Milliken, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 2: 42. 1904.
Type locality: “Coyote Canyon, at 5,000 ft. alt. on the desert
slope of El Toro Mt.”
Distribution: Known only from the region of the type locality.
Transition.
Specimens examined: Coyote Canyon, Santa Rosa Mountains,
Hall 2130.

HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Warer-.tear Famity.
t. -ERIODICTYON.. YeRBA SANTA;

Herbage aromatic, not glandular-pubescent.
Leaves glutinous, nearly or quite glabrous at least above.
1. E. trichocalyx.
Leaves not glutinous, more or less densely silky-tomentose on both sur-
faces.
Corolla 8-12 mm. long, much exceeding the calyx.
2. E. crassifolium.
Corolla 2-3 mm. long, scarcely exceeding the calyx.
3. E. Traskiae.
Herbage very heavy-scented, glandular-pubescent throughout, not at all
tomentose. 4. E. Parry.

(440 )

I. ERIODICTYON TRICHOCALYX Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 108.
1904.
Eriodictyon glutinosum pubens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 224.

1882.

Type locality: ‘Seven Oaks Camp, San Bernardino Mountains.”

Distribution: Southern California from the San Gabriel Moun-
tains south to the Mexican Boundary. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Wilson, in chaparral near the sum-
mit, Abrams 2607; mesas near San Bernardino, S. B. & W. F.
Parish 411; Mount San Antonio, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams
2685; Edgar Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 2977;
in chaparral between Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams
3632; Mount Wilson, Davidson, June 12, 1892; Rock Creek, alti-
tude 1140 meters, Abrams & McGregor 526.

2. ERIODICTYON CRASSIFOLIUM Benth. Bot. Sulph. 35. 1844.

Eriodictyon tomentosum Benth. Bot. Sulph. 36. 1844.

Type locality: “San Diego.”

Distribution: In the chaparral of the foothills and mountains
from Santa Barbara County southward to northern Lower Cali-
fornia. Upper and Lower Sonoran. ‘The form occurring in the
Lower Sonoran, especially in Riverside and San Diego Counties,
is much more silky-tomentose than the more northern Upper
Sonoran form.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, near Santa Bar-
bara, Brandegee, 1888; Laurel Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Hasse, July, 1890; Glendora, Braunton 293; San Fernando Moun-
tains near Chatsworth, Abrams 1363; Acton, Elmer 3598; Little
Santa Anita Canyon, Abrams 2627; Newhall, Davidson, May 5,
1890; Fort Tejon, Abrams 9 McGregor 300; Sisar Canyon, ‘Topa-
topa Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 65; Red Reef Canyon,
Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 142, 159; Oakgrove
Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 322; near Orange,
Agnes M. Bowman, June, 1899; western base of San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Hall 2006; San Jacinto, Berg, April 3, 1904; Witch Creek,
Alderson, May, 1894; Mission Hills, near San Diego, Abrams 3432;
Chollas Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June, 1895; San Diego, Brande-
gee, 1889; Point Loma, Chandler 5067.

(441)

3. Ertopicryon TraskiaE Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 1:
L217.) 1898.

Type locality: “On one volcanic upland on Santa Catalina
Island, Calif., at an elevation of about 1500 feet.”

Distribution: Santa Ynez Mountains on the mainland, and
Santa Catalina Island. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 4017;
the Sisquoc, Santa Barbara County, Baker, July, 1895.

4. Ertopicryon Parryi (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 22. 1889.
Nama Parryi A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 621. 1876.

Type locality: “On the Mohave slope of the San Bernardino
Mountains.”

Distribution: San Gabriel Mountains southward to the Cuia-
maca Mountains, and probably extending into northern Lower
California. ‘Transition.

This is an anomalous species, strikingly different in habit; the
tall, mostly simple, herbaceous stems arise from a more or less
woody, branching base.

Specimens examined: Mount Gleason, San Gabriel Mountains,
Elmer 3643; open pine forests in the vicinity of Strawberry Valley,
San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2502; between Cuiamaca and Ori-
flamme Canyon, Cuiamaca Mountains, Abrams 3927; Rock Creek,
altitude 1650 meters, Abrams &F§ McGregor 577; Oakgrove Canyon,
Liebre Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 386.

MENTHACEAE. Mint Famity.

Anther-bearing stamens 4.
Ovary merely 4-lobed; stamens coiled in the bud, becoming long-exserted

in flower. 1. Trichostema.
Ovary deeply 4-parted; stamens not long-exserted.
Calyx becoming much inflated. 2. Salazaria.
Calyx not inflated. 3. Sphacele.
Anther-bearing stamens 2. 4. Ramona.
1. TRICHOSTEMA. Buve-curt.
Corolla-tube well-exserted beyond the calyx. 1. T. lanatum.
Corolla-tube scarcely exserted beyond the calyx. 2. Lf. Parishiv.

1. TRICHOSTEMA LANATUM Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 659. 1835.

bd

Type locality: ‘“Hab. in California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: On dry chaparral ridges from Monterey County

(442 )

southward to Orange County. In southern California this species
is confined to the mountains toward the coast from the Santa Ana
Mountains northward. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sierra Madre, Nevin 932; near Los
Angeles, Wallace; Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1267 ;
Santiago Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis, May,
1902; Silverado Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis
720 (a form with white instead of purple wool).

2. TRICHOSTEMA Parisuit Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 173. 1880.

Trichostema lanatum denudatum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, pt. 1: 459.

1886.

Type locality: “San Diego Co., Cal.”

Distribution: On dry ridges of the more interior foothills and
mountains of southern California, where it replaces the coastal
and more northern 7. lanatum. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Southern California, no locality given,
Vasey 3 Parish, 1880; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 3645;
Potrero, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; San Antonio Mountains,
altitude goo meters, Hall 1482; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 666; Acton, Elmer 3698; Ja-
cumba Hot Spring, Mearns 3352; between Jacumba Hot Spring
and Campo, Abrams 3602.

2. SALAZARIA.

I. SALAZARIA MEXICANA Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 133. 1859.

Type locality: “Ravines, Chihuahua, below Presidio del Norte
near the Rio Grande.”

Distribution: Dry washes of the arid region, from the Mohave
Desert of southern California eastward to southern Utah, and
southward to northern Mexico. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mill Creek Canyon, Panamint Mountains,
Coville &F Funston 756; southern slope of ‘Tehachapi Pass, Bran-
degee, July, 1884; Abrams F McGregor 494; Mohave Desert,
S. B.&3 W. F. Parish 893; Mohave Desert, near Hesperia, Parish
4932; eastern base of the San Jacinto Mountains, along the borders
of the Colorado Desert, Hall 2107.

(443 )
3. SPHACELE. PirtcHer sace.

I. SPHACELE FRAGRANS Greene, Pittonia 1: 38. 1887.

Sphacele calycina Wallace: A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, pt. 1: 365. 1878.

Type locality: “In canyons of the south side of Santa Cruz
Island.”

Distribution: On shady slopes in the foothills and mountains
of the islands and on the mainland in the San Gabriel Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Cruz Island, Brandegee, April,
1888; southern California, probably Santa Catalina Island, Wal-
lace; Santa Catalina Island, McClatchie, Sept. 12, 1893; near
Claremont, Baker 5061; Switzer’s trail, San Gabriel Mountains,
Davidson, June 12, 1893.

4. RAMONA.

Bracts scarious-membranous.
Leaves entire, not at all rugose.
Inflorescence villous; bracts less than 10 mm. long.

1. R. pilosa.
Inflorescence puberulent; bracts 15 mm. long. 2. R. pachystachya,
Leaves crenulate, rugose. 3. R. capitata.

Bracts herbaceous; leaves crenate, rugose.
Stems woody at base, scape-like, about 2 dm. high. 4. R. humilis.
Shrubs, 1-2 m. high.
Inflorescence verticillate-glomerate and interrupted-spicate; corrolla-
tube longer than the limb.
Corolla about 1 cm. long.
Bracts cuspidate-acuminate, somewhat tomentose.
5. R. stachyoides.

Bracts obtuse, hoary-tomentose. 6. R. nivea.
Corolla 2 cm. long.

Bracts acute or acute-cuspidate. 7. R. Clevelandi.

Bracts conspicuously aristate. 8. R. Vasey.

Inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate; corolla-tube shorter than the limb.
g. R. polystachya.

1. Ramona pilosa (A. Gray).

Audibertia incana pilosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, ed. 2, pt. 1: 461.

1886.

Type locality: “Northern base of San Bernardino Mountains,
on the border of the Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, chiefly in the juniper and yucca
belts. Lower Sonoran.

(444 )

Specimens examined: Northern base of the San Bernardino
Mountains, Mohave Desert, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1300;
Mohave Desert, about 1200 meters, Parish 3847; Acton, Hasse,
May 21, 1893; Mescal Creek, Antelope Valley, Hall 3026; Mo-
have Desert, near Burcham’s ranch, Parish 4935; Rock Creek,
Abrams &§ McGregor 547; Palmdale, Abrams &§ McGregor 523.

2. Ramona pacuystTacuya (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 4.
1900.

Audibertia incana pachystachya A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, ed. 2, pt.

1: 461. 1886.

Audibertia pachystachya Parish, Erythea 6: 91. 1898.
Salvia carnosa compacta Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 111. 1902.

Type locality: “Bear Valley in the San Bernardino Mountains.
Southern borders of San Diego Co.”

Distribution: In the vicinity of Bear Valley, San Bernardino
Mountains, and in the San Jacinto Mountains. Upper Sonoran
and Transition.

Specimens examined: Eastern base of the San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Hall 2160; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Parry,
1876; Parish 330; The Pines, Santa Ana Canyon, altitude 1650
meters, Abrams & McGregor 523.

3. Ramona capitata (A. Gray) Briquet, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia capitata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 387. 1867.
Salvia mohavensis Greene, Pittonia 2: 235. 1892.

Type locality: “Summit of Providence Mountain, Mohave
Wesert.’

Distribution: Known only from the type locality. Upper
Sonoran.

4. Ramona HumiLis (Benth.) Greene, Erythea 1: 144. 1893.

Audibertia humilis Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 313. 1833.
Salvia sonomensis Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.
Type locality: “Hab. in California septentrionali.”
Distribution: Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada of northern and
central California, also in the Cuiamaca Mountains. ‘This is
merely a low herbaceous plant with a woody caudex. ‘Transition.

(445 )

Specimens examined: Cuiamaca Mountain, Brandegee, June 15,
1894; between Cuiamaca Lake and Oriflamme Canyon, Abrams

3938.

5. Ramona stacuyorDEs (Benth.) Briquet, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia stachyoides Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 313. 1833.
Salvia mellifera Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.

Type locality: “In California septentrionali.”

Distribution: Santa Cruz and Mount Hamilton ranges south-
ward to northern Lower California. In southern California this
is one of the common and characteristic shrubs of the dry plains
and foothills. It is commonly called “black sage,” and is highly
prized by bee-keepers. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Montecito, Bingham 30; Mission Canyon,
Santa Barbara, Abrams, March 6, 1909; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa
Monica Mountains, Abrams 2540; Pasadena, Mc Clatchie, May 20,
1897; near Orange, Miss Bowman, June, 1899; plains near San
Bernardino, Parish 4795; San Diego, Palmer 301; Dunn, March
21, 1891; Miss Susan G. Stokes, June, 1895; Point Loma, Chandler
5063; Big Tejunga wash, San Fernando Valley, Abrams 1391;
Ramona, Brandegee (distributed by C. F. Baker 3410).

6. Ramona NIVEA (Benth.) Briquet, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia nivea Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 313. 1833.
Salvia leucophylla Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.

Type locality: “In California septentrionali.”

Distribution: A common shrub on the low foothills from Santa
Barbara County south to the Santa Ana Mountains. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Ojai, Peckham, 1866; Santa Bar-
bara County, Rothrock 4, 133; Bolander, 1873; San Francisquito
Canyon, Parish, June, 1887; Newhall, Pringle, May 20, 1882;
A. Gray, May, 1885; Saugus, Grant rro5; Sulphur Mountain,
Abrams &§ McGregor 13; Sespe Creek, near Ten Sycamore Flat,
Abrams &F McGregor 185.

(446 )

7. Ramona CLeEveEvaAnn! (A. Gray) Briquet, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia Clevelandi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 76. 1874.
Salvia Clevelandi Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.

Audibertia Palmeri A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 601. 1876.

Salvia Palmeri Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.

Ramona Palmeri Briquet, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Type locality: “Mountains behind San Diego, California, at
the elevation of about 2,200 feet.”

Distribution: In the chaparral of western San Diego County
and Santa Catalina Island, southward to northern Lower California,
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: 'Tigh’s ranch, near Cuiamaca, Palmer
302; San Juan Capistrano, Nevin 686; Santa Catalina Island,
Lyon 12; near Potrero, Abrams 3745; Descanso, Parish 4424;
near Ramona, Abrams 3778; near Valley Centre, Chandler 5340.

8. Ramona Vasey (Porter) Briquet, Ball. Herb. Boiss.
2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia Vaseyi Porter, Bot. Gaz. 6: 207. 1881.
Type locality: ‘Mountain Springs, San Diego County, California.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the mountains of southern Cali-
fornia from Morongo Pass south to the Mexican Boundary.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Morongo wash, Parish 3233; Mountain
Springs, Vasey, 1880.

g. Ramona potystacHya (Benth.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 235.
1892.

Audibertia polystachya Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 314. 1833.

Type locality: “In California septentrionali.”

Distribution: Monterey County southward to northern Lower
California. ‘This is a very common shrub on the low hills and
dry plains of southern California, and is commonly called “‘white
sage.” Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara,
Abrams 4125; Acton, Elmer 3684; Sierra Madre, Abrams 2642;
Claremont, Baker 4155; San Bernardino, Parish 4796; Coronado,
Chandler 5172; San Diego, Thurber 530; Palmer 300; Miss Susan

(447 )
G. Stokes, July, 1895; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains,

Abrams &F McGregor 147; Rock Creek, altitude 1350 meters,
Abrams &§ McGregor 560.

SOLANACEAE. NicutsHapeE Famity.

Corolla rotate; stamens connivent. 1. Solanum.
Corolla tubular or funnelform; stamens not connivent.
Fruit a berry, sometimes becoming nearly dry. 2. Lycium.
Fruit capsular. 3. Nicotiana.

1. SOLANUM. NicuTsHape.

Corolla 5-cleft; peduncles longer than the pedicels. 1. S. Douglasit.
Corolla 5-toothed or 5-lobed; peduncles shorter than the pedicels.
Leaves entire; stems glabrate or viscid-pubescent.

Herbage viscid-pubescent. 2. S. Xantt.
Herbage glabrate or hispidulous. 2a. S. Xanti glabrescens.
Leaves crenate; stems long-hirsute. 3. S. Wallacet.

1. Soranum Douctasi Dunal, in DC. Prod. 13, pt. 1: 48. 1852.

Solanum nigrum Douglasii A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 538. 1876.
Solanum umbelliferum trachycladum Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 7: 17.

1856.

Type locality: “In Nova California.”

Distribution: In the coastal region from Monterey southward
to northern California. This native plant, more or less woody,
and perennial, is clearly distinct from the European annual, S.
nigrum, which occasionally appears as a wayside weed. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Playa del Rey, Abrams 1216; Inglewood,
Abrams 2488; near Monrovia, Dudley, Dec. 1907; Sulphur Moun-
tain, Abrams F McGregor 23; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 690.

2. Sotanum Xanti A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: go. 1876.

Solanum Xanti intermedium Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2:
168. Igol.
Type locality: Xantus’ specimens were collected at Fort Tejon.
Distribution: Foothills of the Sierra Nevada, southward chrouee
southern California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Cajon Pass, Hall 3000; Claremont,

(448 )

Chandler, 1897; Mount Wilson, Abrams 2586; Campo, Abrams
3593; Sawpit Canyon, near Monrovia, Dudley, Dec. 18, 1907;
Liebre Mountain, Abrams &§ McGregor 336; Rock Creek, Abrams
ۤ McGregor 597; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams
€F McGregor 154.

2a. SOLANUM XANTI GLABRESCENS (Torr.) Parish, Proc. Calif.
Acad. III. 2: 169. 1go1.

Solanum umbelliferum glabrescens Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 7: 17.

1856.

Type locality: “Santa Ynez; also between San Bernardino and
San Gabriel.”

Distribution: Southern Oregon southward to Lower California
and northern Arizona. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Dry hillsides near San Dieguito, Abrams
3362; Oceanside, Parish 4437; San Diego, Palmer 260; San
Ysabel, Henshaw, April 9, 1893; La Mesa, Chandler 5059; River-
side, Hall 2929; San Bernardino, Parish 4384; between San
Bernardino and San Gabriel, Antisell; Gaviota, Elmer 3957;
vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4692; Lytle Creek Canyon,
Hall 1224; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams
2550.

3. Sotanum Wat ace! (A. Gray) Parish, Proc. Calif.
Acad. III. 2: 166. t1got.

Solanum Xanti Wallace: A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 91. 1876.
Type locality: “Island of Catalina off San Pedro, California.”
Distribution: Foothills of Santa Ynez Mountains and on the

islands off the coast of southern California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Wallace; Santa

Barbara, Wheelock, Feb. 24, 1893; Bartlette Canyon, Rothrock

131; Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara, Abrams 41309.

2. LYCIUM. Box-rHorn.

Herbage not glandular-pubescent.

Calyx-lobes lanceolate, exceeding the tube. 1. DL. Richi,
Calyx-lobes oblong or triangular, shorter than the tube.
Corolla-tube short, not exceeding the calyx. 2. L. californicum.

Corolla-tube about 3 times the length of the calyx.

(449 )

Herbage glabrous or nearly so; calyx-lobes triangular, much
shorter than the tube.
Leaves mostly 2-3 cm. long; calyx-lobes tomentose on the
margins; filaments woolly at base. 3. L. Torreyt.
Leaves mostly less than 1 cm. long; calyx-lobes glabrous
or nearly so; filaments sparsely hairy at base.
4. L. Andersonit.
Herbage pubescent; calyx-lobes oblong, nearly equaling the tube.
5. L. Parishit.
Herbage glandular-pubescent; corolla more or less pubescent.
6. L. Cooperi.

1. Lycrum Ricui A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 46. 1862.

Lycium Hassei Greene, Pittonia 1: 222. 1888.

Type locality: “La Paz, South California.”

Distribution: On the islands off the coast of southern California,
and also on the mainland in the vicinity of San Diego. Upper
and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Hasse, July 15,
1888; San Diego, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895.

2. Lycrum cALIForRNicuM Nutt.; A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 542.
1876.

Type locality: ‘‘Near San Diego on clay-hill slopes.”

Distribution: On bluffs near the sea and occasionally in sub-
alkaline soils in the interior of southern California and northern
Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Diego, Nuttall; Palmer 262; Cooper,
March, 1862; San Pedro Hills, near Rocky Point, Abrams 3131;
Wilmington, Pringle, March 31, 1882; Santa Monica, Parry 216;
near Acton, Elmer 3757; Laguna Beach, Helen D. Geis 581.

3. Lycrum Torrey A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 47. 1862.

Type locality: “Texas on the Rio Grande, to Fort Yuma, in-
terior of California, along the Mexican boundary.”

Distribution: Southern Utah, southward to western Texas,
Chihuahua and Sonora. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Fort Yuma, Thomas, March 3, 1855.
4. Lycrum Anpersont A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 388. 1867.
Lycium Andersonit Wrightit A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 543. 1876.

Type locality: “S. E. part of State of Nevada.”

(450 )

Distribution: Southern Arizona and southern California on
the Colorado Desert and in the vicinity of San Diego. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Diego, Jones, April 5, 1882; Abrams
3464; Tia Juana, Abrams 3491; Morongo Pass, S. B. & W. F.
Parish 11-a; Palm Springs, Parish 4132; Mohave River, Palmer,
May, 1876; Elsinore, Baker, 4145; Vallecitos, Brandegee, April 10,
1896.

s. Lycrum Parison A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 305. 1884.

Type locality: ‘““Mesas in San Bernardino Valley, S. California.”

Distribution: This was described from a single bush which ac-
cording to Mr. Parish has since been destroyed. The species
has never been rediscovered. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mesa south of San Bernardino, Parish,
May, 1885.

6. Lycrum Coorrerrt A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 388. 1867,

Lycium Cooperi pubiflora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, pt. 1: 238. 1878.

Type locality: ‘East slope of Providence Mountain, in the
Mohave District, California.”

Distribution: Mohave and Colorado Deserts, eastward to Ari-
zona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Calexico and Signal Mountain,
on the International Boundary, Abrams 3149; Palmdale, Elmer
3661; Victor, Palmer 22344; Mohave Desert, Pringle, May 18,
1882.

3. NICOTIANA. ‘'Tosacco.

1. Nicotiana cLtauca R. Grah. Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 175.
1828.

Type locality: “It was raised in 1827 from seeds communi-
cated, without specific name, to the Royal Botanical Garden,
Edinburgh, by Mr. Smith at Monkwood, whose son sent them from
Buenos Ayres.”

Distribution: The tree-tobacco, which is naturalized from South
America, is frequent in waste places and along dry washes of
streams, often found extending well up into the canyons. Upper
and Lower Sonoran.

(451)

Specimens examined: Gaviota, Elmer 3997; Santa Ana, Agnes
M. Bowman, April, 1899; Tia Juana, Susan G. Stokes, June, 1895.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Ficwort Famity.

Stamens 4, the fifth represented by a sterile filament. 1. Pentstemon.
Stamens 4, the fifth wholly wanting. 2. Diplacus.

1. PENTSTEMON. Bearp-ToncueE.

Corolla red; tube elongated, narrow; limb strongly bilabiate; leaves serrate
or denticulate.

Leaves ovate; scandant over shrubs. 1. P. cordifolius.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, remote and often ternate on the virgate, her-
baceous branches. 2. P. ternatus.
Corolla yellow or tinged with purple; tube short.
Leaves entire; sterile filament densely bearded, 3. P. antirrhinoides.
Leaves few-toothed; sterile-filament not bearded.
Stems and leaves puberulent. 4. P. jacintensis.
Stems and leaves glabrous. 5. P breviflorus.

I. PENTSTEMON coRDIFoLIUS Benth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 7.
1835.

Type locality: “A new California species collected by Mr.
Douglas.”

Distribution: Common in the chaparral belt, from Santa Bar-
bara County to northern Lower California; also on the islands off
the coast. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: California, probably Santa Barbara,
Douglas; Santa Barbara, Rich; Elmer 3956; Sepulveda Canyon,
Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 2545; Claremont, Baker 3441;
Los Tunas Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1604;
foothills, of the San Bernardino Mountains, Parish, July 8, 1898;
Lytle Creek Canyon, Hall, June 17, 1899; Jamul Valley, Palmer
273; Cottonwood Valley, Abrams 3905; Sycamore Canyon, San
Diego County, Chandler 5328; Mission Valley, Susan G. Stokes,
June, 1895; Alpine, San Diego County, Mearns 3040; near Pasa-
dena, Grinnell, July 3, 1903; Santa Monica Canyon, Abrams 1468;
Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & McGregor
I50. :

2. PENTSTEMON TERNATUS Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 2: 115. 1859.

Type locality: ‘‘Mountains east of San Diego.”

(452)

Distribution: Chaparral belt of the interior mountains of
southern California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Fort Tejon, Xantus 63;
Acton, Elmer 3597; Pasadena, Mc Clatchie, June 28, 1893; Water-
man Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Hall, July 13, 1899;
foothills, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish, June 1, 1898; Clark’s
ranch, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 2939; mountains east
of San Diego, Parry, 1850 (type); Potrero, Susan G. Stokes, July,
1895; Abrams 3726; Claremont, Baker 5067; Julian, Palmer 274;
Palomar Mountains, Chandler 5441; Chalk Hill, San Jacinto
Mountains, Hall 2634; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 394; Cajon Pass, Abrams &9 McGregor 608.

3. PENTSTEMON ANTIRRHINOIDES Benth.; A. DC. Prod. 10: 594.
1846.

Type locality: “In California.” First collected by Coulter.

Distribution: In the chaparral of the low foothills and plains,
from the vicinity of San Bernardino and the Santa Ana Mountains,
southward to northern Lower California. Lower and Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Colton, Jones 3178; near San Bernardino,
Parish, May 26, 1898; Reche Canyon, Hall, May 17, 1899; EI-
sinore, Mc Clatchie, May 20, 1893; near San Jacinto, Leiberg 3220;
Foster, Hall 3879; San Miguel Mountain, Chandler 5273; Potrero,
Abrams 3712; near Fallbrook, Abrams 3347; San Ysabel, Hen-
shaw 146; Silverado Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D.
Geis 735; canyon of the San Jacinto River, Hall 2016, June,
I9OT.

4. PENTSTEMON JACINTENSIS Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 33:
Ads. etGOO.

Type locality: “San Jacinto Mountain, altitude 9,000 feet.”

Distribution: Open pine forests of the San Jacinto Mountains.
Transition.

Specimens examined: San Jacinto Mountain, S. B. & W. F.
Parish 473; Hall 704; Tahquitz Valley, Hall 2588; F. Grinnell,
July, 1908.

(453)

5. PENTSTEMON BREVIFLORUS Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pl. 1946.
1837.
Type locality: Collected by Douglas, probably near Monterey.
Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges and the Sierra
Nevada in Central California, extending southward to the Liebre
Mountains in southern California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Between Oakgrove Canyon and Elizabeth

Lake, Abrams &§ McGregor 400.

2. DIPLACUS. BusH MONKEY-FLOWER.

Flowers yellow or buff.
Corolla-tube much exceeding the calyx; lobes not erose-toothed; calyx

and leaves not pubescent. 1. D. aridus.
Corolla-tube proper not exceeding the calyx; lobes erose-toothed; leaves
pubescent beneath; calyx usually woolly. 2. D. longiflorus.

Flowers scarlet; corolla-lobes not erose-toothed; calyx glabrous.
3. D. puniceus.

1. Diptacus aripus Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 540. 1905,

Type locality: “Growing on dry rocky ridges at Jacumba near
the boundary monument.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the Cuiamaca Mountains near
the International Boundary. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3656.

2. DipLacus LONGIFLoRus Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 139. 1838.

Mimulus glutinosus brachypus A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 566. 1876.
Diplacus arachnoideus Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 210. 1885.
Diplacus calycinus Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 41: 287. 1906.

Type locality: “In rocky places by small streams, in the vicinity
of Sta. Barbara (Upper California).”

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada and Santa Barbara
County, southward to northern Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

The form with a glabrous calyx, which occurs in San Diego
County, may be distinct, but the genus needs a thorough revision
before more forms are segregated.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3959; Mission
Canyon, near Santa Barbara, Eastwood 19; Los Angeles, Hasse,
Oct. 1887; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams
2543; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4792; Ysidora, Abrams
3287; between Campo and Potrero, Abrams 3716.

(454)

3. DipLtacus puniceus Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 137. 1838.

Diplacus glutinosus puniceus Benth. DC. Prod. 10: 368. 1844.
Mimulus glutinosus puniceus A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 566. 1876.

Type locality: “In sandy loam by the borders of small winter
streams, attaining commonly the height of a man, growing near
to Sta. Diego, in Upper California.”

Distribution: Riverside County and the Santa Ana Mountains,
southward to northern Lower California, also on the islands
off the southern California coast. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Riverside, Hall 2928; San
Diego, Palmer 283; Thurber 545; San Luis Rey River, Parish
4461; Palomar Mountain, Hall, May 31, 1899; Ysidora, Abrams
3285; Mission Hills, San Diego, Hall 5053; Fallbrook, Jones 3439.

ACANTHACEAE. Acanrtuus FamIty.
1. BELOPERONE.

1. BELOPERONE CALIFORNICA Benth. Bot. Sulph. 38. 1844.

Jacobina californica Nees, DC. Prod. 11: 729. 1847.
Seriocographis californica A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 125.

1859.

Type locality: “Cape San Lucas,” Lower California.

Distribution: Colorado Desert of southern California, south-
ward through the desert regions of Lower California. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Parish 4136; Coyote
Canyon, altitude 200 meters, Hall 2767; Vallecitos, Colorado
Desert, Brandegee, March 26, 1901; near Coachella, Hall 5776.

BIGNONIACEAE. TruMPET-CREEPER FAMILY.
1. CHILOPSIS. FLowerinc witiow.

1. CHILOPSIS LINEARIS (Cav.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 283. 1827.

Bignonia linearis Cav. Ic. 3: 35, pl. 269. 1794.
Chilopsis saligna Don. Edinb. Phil. Journ. 9: 261. 1823.

Type locality: Not given.

Distribution: Mohave Desert, southward and eastward to
western Texas and Mexico. Growing along dry washes and stream

(455 )

beds of the desert mountains. In southern California extending
into the coastal slope through the Morongo Pass. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Eastern base of San Jacinto Mountain,
Hall 2112; Warner’s ranch, San Diego County, Susan G. Stokes,
Aug. 1895; Cushenberry Springs, north slope of San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams 2142; San Felipe, Abrams 3970.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckte Famity.

Leaves pinnate; corolla rotate. 1. Sambucus.
Leaves simple.
Corolla short-campanualte, regular; berry white. 2. Symphoricarpus.
Corolla tubular, irregular; berry red or black. 3. Lonicera.

1. SAMBUCUS. ELpeEr.

Fruit without bloom. 1. S. mexicana.
Fruit with a glacuous bloom.
Herbage pubescent. 2. S. velutina.
Herbage glabrous. 3. S. coerulea.

I. SAMBUCUS MEXICANA Presl.; DC. Prod. 4: 322. 1830.

Type locality: “In Mexico.”

Distribution: Southern California to Texas and south through
Mexico and Costa Rica, according to Schwerin. I have not seen
any specimen that can be referred to this species with certainty.
but fruiting material has been seldom collected, and it may be that
some of the material referred to the next species belongs here.

*2. SAMBUCUS VELUTINA Dur. & Hilg. Pacif. R. Rep. 5: 8. 1855,

Sambucus coerulea velutina Schwerin, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges.

1909: 37, 328. 1909.

Type locality: ‘Pose Creek,” Kern County, California.

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada and the mountains of
southern California. The herbage is usually densely pubescent,
but occasionally nearly glabrous forms occur. Upper Sonoran
and Transition.

Specimens examined: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,
Hall 1347; Mount San Antonio, altitude 2400 meters, Abrams 2710;

*After this paper went to the printer Greene (Leaflets 2: 99) described
several new species of Sambucus, one of which, Sambucus coriacea, is the

pubescent form in the foothills of Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. I
had tentatively referred these plants to S. velutina.

(456)

Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 493;
Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams
€f McGregor 596; Santa Barbara, Elmer 3836; Sulphur Moun-
tain, Abrams (| McGregor 6; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 130.

3. SAMBUCUS COERULEA Raf. Alsog. Am. 48. 1838.

Sambucus glauca Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 13. 1841.

Type locality: ‘Mentioned by Lewis and Clarke trav. 2, p. 160
as growing near Origon Mts.”

Distribution: Idaho and Washington, southward through west-
ern Nevada and California to northern Lower California. In
southern California this elder is common in the foothills and in
both the coastal and interior valleys. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish, 1898;
Chatsworth, Abrams 1326; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica
Mountains, Abrams 2538; Oneonta, Chandler 5117; Jamacha,
Chandler 5254; Fort Tejon, Abrams 3 McGregor 299; Oakgrove
Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams t¥ McGregor 329; Swartout
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 630; Lone
Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 686;
Tia Juana River, near the initial monument, Herre, Aug. 8, 1902.

2. SYMPHORICARPUS Dill. SNowsBerry.

Corolla short-campanulate, lobes equaling the tube. 1. S. mollis.
Corolla tubular-funnelform, lobes shorter than the tube. 2. S. Parishit.

1. SYMPHORICARPUS MOLLIs Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 4.
1841.

Symphoricarpus ciliatus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 4.

1841.

Type locality: “St. Barbara, California.”

Distribution: Coast ranges and foothills of the Sierra Nevada
of central California, southward to the Cuiamaca Mountains. Up-
per Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara Nuttall; A. Gray, 1885;
Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 347, 2552;
Spencer Valley, near Julian, Abrams 3785; Mount Wilson, Grant
1260.

(457)

2. SyMpHoRIcARPUS Parisi Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 26:
545. 1899.

Type locality: “San Bernardino Mountains.”

Distribution: San Gabriel Mountains, southward to the San
Jacinto Mountains. Transition and Canadian Zones.

Specimens examined: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams 2081; Tamarack Valley, altitude 2700 meters, San Jacinto
Mountains, Hall 2485; Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
altitude 1950 meters, Abrams F McGregor 638; Dry Lake, San
Bernardino Mountains, altitude 2700 meters, Abrams {5 McGregor
787.

3. LONICERA. Honeysuck te.

Flowers in terminal clusters.
Inflorescence pubescent.

Uppermost leaves connate. 1. L. hispidula californica.
Leaves all distinct.
Leaves tomentose beneath. 2. L. subspicata.

Leaves nearly or quite glabrous and green beneath.
2a. L. subspicata denudata.
Inflorescence glabrous. 3. L. interrupta.
Flowers on axillary peduncles, in pairs. 4. L. Ledebourit.

1. LoNICERA HISPIDULA CALIFORNICA (Torr. & Gray) Rehder,
Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 178. 1903.

Lonicera californica Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 7. 1841.
Caprifolium californicum K. Koch, Hort. Dendr. 294. 1853.
Lonicera hispidula vacillans A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 628.

1873.

Caprifolium hispidulum californicum Greene, Fl. Fran. 347. 1892.

Type locality: “At San Francisco, Douglas.”

Distribution: British Columbia southward to the Sierra Nevada
and Coast Ranges of central California. This species is not known
on the mainland in southern California, but a form with ‘“‘the
inflorescence densely glandular-pubescent” has been collected
on Catalina Island by Blanche Trask, according to Rehder.

2. LonicERA suBsPIcATA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy 349. 1840.

Caprifolium subspicatum K. Koch, Hort. Dendr. 294. 1853.
Lonicera hispidula subspicata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 628.
BO74:

(458 )

Type locality: “California.” First collected by Douglas, prob-
ably at Santa Barbara.

Distribution: Santa Barbara and Fort Tejon southward to the
Santa Ana and San Jacinto Mountains. This is the common
species in the chaparral of the coastal slope. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Douglas; Nuttall; Bart-
lett Canyon, Santa Ynez Mountains, Rothrock 124; Mountain
Drive, near Santa Barbara, Abrams 4148; near Santa Barbara,
Elmer 3729; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams
367, Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2529; near
Santa Ana, Helen D. Geis 518; Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena,
Grinnell, June 27, 1903; Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Dudley, Dec. 1907; Fort Tejon, Abrams tf McGregor 309; Cleg-
horn Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams & McGregor
704; Waterman Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Shaw &
Iilingsworth 9, 226.

2a. LONICERA SUBSPICATA DENUDATA Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 14: 176. 1903.

Type locality: “San Diego,” and also “Santo Thomas hills,”
Lower California.

Distribution: Foothills of San Diego County southward into
Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Diego, Thurber 558 (type); Susan
G. Stokes, July 10, 1895; Spencer Valley, near Julian, Abrams
3804 (a form approaching the type); Chollas Valley, Orcutt 120.

3. LonIcERA INTERRUPTA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 313. 1849.

Lonicera hispidula interrupta A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 628.
1873.
Caprifolium interruptum Greene, Fl. Fran. 347. 1892.
Type locality: ‘“Juxta carmel prope Monterey.”
Distribution: Northern Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada
southward to the desert slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains.
Specimens examined: Newhall, Hasse 605; Red Reef Canyon,
Topatopa Mountains, Abrams t9 McGregor 136; Oakgrove Canyon,
Liebre Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 326, 395; Swartout Can-
yon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 629.

(459)

4. Lonicera LepDEBouritI Esch. Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 10: 284.
1826.

Chamaecerasus Ledebouri Billiard, L’Hort. Franc. 1861: 256. 1861.
Lonicera intermedia Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 154. 1863.
Caprifolium Ledebourit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 274. 1891.
Distegia Ledebourit Greene, Man. Bot. Bay Reg. 164. 1894.
Xylosteum Ledebourit Howell ,Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 282. 1900.
Lonicera involucrata Ledebouriit Hort.; Zabel in Beissner, Schelle

& Zabel, Handb. Laubholz-Ben. 461. 1903.

Type locality: Collected by Eschscholtz, probably in the vicin-
ity of San Franscisco.

Distribution: In moist shady places along streams; Santa
Barbara northward through the Coast ranges and along the western
slope of the Sierra Nevada to northern California. Transition
and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 4138.

AMBROSIACEAE. Racweep Famity.

Involucre of pistillate heads with broad silvery scarious wings.

1. Hymenoclea.
Involucre of pistillate heads armed with several rows of prickles.

2. Gaertneria.

1. HYMENOCLEA.

Involucral bracts of pistillate heads spirally alternate, 5 mm. broad.

1. H. Salsola.
Involucral bracts of pistillate heads in a single whorl, 1-2 mm. broad.

2. H. monogyra.

1. HyMENocLEA Satsoua Torr. & Gray, Pl. Fendl. 79. i849.

Type locality: “Sandy, saline uplands near the Mohave River,
in the interior desert of California.” Transition and Upper Son-
oran.

Distribution: A common shrub in the sandy washes throughout
the desert region. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palmdale, Elmer 3622; Mohave Desert,
Brandegee; Whitewater, Vasey, Feb., 1881; Palm Springs, Parish
4123; San Felipe, Vasey, June, 1880; Rock Creek, Abrams &
McGregor 542; Willow Springs, Abrams &§ McGregor 422.

( 460 )

2. HyMENOCLEA MoNoGYRA Torr. & Gray, Pl. Fendl. 79. 1849.

Type locality: “Along the valley of the Gila.”

Distribution: In the vicinity of San Diego and adjacent Lower
California, eastward to western Texas. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Chollas Valley, Susan G. Stokes, Aug.
25, 1895; Mission Valley, San Diego, Brandegee, Aug. 1902; San
Diego, Orcutt, Oct. 11, 1883.

2. GAERTNERIA.

Spines of the bur straight.
Leaves pinnately parted; spines glabrous or minutely pubescent.
1. G. dumosa.
Leaves sinuate-toothed to sinuate-pinnatifid; spines villous.
2. G. eriocentra.
Spines of the bur uncinate.
Leaves petioled, crenately toothed. 3. G. chenopodifolia.
Leaves clasping, coarsely spinose-dentate. 4. G. ilicifolia.

1. GAERTNERIA DuMmosa (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339.
1891.

Franseria dumosa A. Gray, in Frem. Second Rep. 316. 1845.

Type locality: “On the sandy uplands of the Mohave River,
and very common in all that region of North California.”

Distribution: A very common and characteristic shrub of the
Mohave and Colorado Deserts, extending eastward to southern
Utah, and southward into northern Mexico and Lower California.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Signal Mountain, Imperial County,
Abrams 3179; Mohave Desert, Brandegee; Palm Springs, Parish
EEN

2. GAERTNERIA ERIOCENTRA (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI.
427.330.) E801:

Franseria eriocentra A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 355. 1868.
Type locality: “East slope of Providence Mountain, Arizona.”
Distribution: From the Providence Mountains, eastward through

southern Nevada and adjacent Arizona. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from

southern California.

(462 )

3. Gaertneria chenopodifolia (Benth.)

Franseria chenopodifolia Benth. Bot. Sulph. 26. 1844.
Type locality: “Bay of Magdalena.”
Distribution: On the south slopes of hills at Tia Juana, and
extending southward into Lower California. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Tia Juana, Abrams 3476.

4. GAERTNERIA ILIcIFOLIA (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:
339. 1891.

Franseria ilicifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 77. 1876.

Type locality: “Great Canyon of the Tantillas Mountains,
near the northern border of Lower California.”

Distribution: Colorado Desert along the southern border of
the State, extending southward on the desert slopes of Lower
California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Signal Mountain, Abrams 3184.

ASTERACEAE. Aster Famity.

Anthers not caudate at base.
Receptacle naked.
Pappus of capillary-bristles, except Gutierrezia; involucral bract not
scarious-margined.
Involucral bracts imbricated.
Involucral bracts striate; style-branches thickened above,
stigmatic only below the middle. 1. Eupatorieae.
Involucral bracts not striate; style-branches with flattened
terminal appendages, stigmatic to above the middle.
2. Astereae.
Involucral bracts in 1 or 2 series, not imbricated, except Lepido-
spartum; style-branches stigmatic to the summit.
6. Senecioneae.
Pappus not of capillary-bristles; involucral bracts imbricated,

scarious-margined. 5. Anthemideae.
Receptacle with chaffy bracts. 4. Heliantheae.
Anthers caudate at base. 3. Inuleae.

TrisE 1. LEupatorieae.
Achenes 5-angled or 5-ribbed.
Achenes 10-nerved.

Lan]

. Hofmeisterta.
. Coleosanthus.

iS)

TRIBE 2. Astereae.
Rays present, yellow.
Pappus of several short scales; heads small; slender, suffrutescent plants.
3. Gutierrezia.

( 462 )

Pappus of capillary bristles.

Heads solitary, terminating naked peduncles. 5. Stenotopsis.

Heads not terminating naked peduncles, seldom solitary.

6. Ericameria.
Rays none.

Flowers perfect, yellow.

Pappus white or yellowish.

Pappus-bristles all slender.
Involucral bracts not in distinct vertical ranks; herbage

resinous-punctate. 6. Ericameria.
Involucral bracts in distinct vertical ranks; only the first
two species resinous-punctate. 7. Chrysothamnus.

Pappus-bristles, at least some, with flattened tips.
4. Acamptopappus.
Pappus tawny; bracts well-imbricated, squamose.
8. Hazardia.
Flowers dioecious, whitish. 9. Baccharis.

TRIBE 3. Inuleae.

Willow-like shrub, with silvery appressed pubescence. 10. Pluchea.

Trise 4. Heliantheae.

Pappus of plumose-bristles, rays none. 11. Bebbia.
Pappus of scales; rays present or none.
Disk-achenes thick, 4- or 5-angled, not winged. 12. Vigutera.

Disk-achenes flattened, the acute angles ciliate or winged.
13. Encelia.
TRIBE 5. Anthemideae.
Spinescent undershrub; achenes and flowers cobwebby. 14. Picrothamnus.
Not spinescent; achenes and flowers not cobwebby. 15. Artemisia.

TriBeE 6. Senecioneae.

Involucral bracts in 3 or 4 series, imbricated; leaves scale-like.

16. Lepidospartum.
Involucral bracts in I or 2 series.

Bracts of the involucre many, linear to subulate.

Heads discoid. 17. Peucephyllum.
Heads radiate. 19. Senecio.
Bracts of the involucre 4-6, broad and obtuse. 18. Tetradymia.

1. HOFMEISTERIA.
1. HoFMEIsTERIA PLURISETA A. Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 96,
pl. 0. A857.

Type locality: “In a canyon at Bill William’s fork, northern
Arizona.”

( 463 )

Distribution: Rocky places through the Mohave and the
Colorado Deserts of southern California, eastward to Arizona and
southern Utah. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Parish 4122; Camp Cady,
Hall 6130.

2, COLEOSANTHUS.

Heads campanulate, terminating corymbose branchlets.
Leaves ovate, rounded or cordate at base.
Herbage scabrous-atomiferous, green. 1. C. atractyloides.
Herbage white-tomentose. 2. C. incanus.
Leaves linear to oblong or obovate, narrowed at base.
Inner involucral bracts acuminate; leaves 15-30 mm. long.
3. C. linifolius.
Inner involucral bracts merely acutish; leaves 5-15 mm. long.
4. C. frutescens.
Heads turbinate, paniculate or glomerate.
Herbage white-tomentose; involucral bracts acute. 5. C. Nevinti.
Herbage greenish (except 7); involucral bracts acute.
Leaves ovate; heads 10-15-flowered.
Involucre 10-12 mm. high. 6. C. californicus.
Involucre 7-8 mm. high. 7. C. desetorum.
Leaves lanceolate; heads 5-flowered. 8. C. Knappianus.

1. COLEOSANTHUS ATRACTYLOIDES (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PI. 1: 328. 1891.

Brickellia atractyloides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 290. 1870.

Type locality: “Utah, near the Rio Colorado.”

Distribution: The Mohave and Colorado Deserts of southern
California, eastward to Arizona and southern Nevada. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Palm Springs, S. B. & W. F. Parish
i210; northern base of the San Bernardino Mountains, Parish
3710; Cushenberry Spring, Parish 2387; Colorado Desert, Bran-
degee, 1901; no locality, Parry & Lemmon 158; Rabbit Springs,
Parish 4875; Providence Mountains, Brandegee, May 27, 1902.

2. COLEOSANTHUS INcANUS (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev.
Genny Pl. 12 328) 189ne

Brickellia incana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 350. 1868.
Type locality: “Providence Mountain, in the Mohave district.”
Distribution: In dry washes of the Mohave Desert, eastward to
southern Nevada. Lower Sonoran.

( 464 )

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Cooper, 1860-61;
dry washes near Mohave River, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1248;
Cushenberry Springs, Parish 2388.

3. COLEOSANTHUS LINIFOLIUs (Eaton) Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.

Brickellia linifolia Eaton, Bot. King. Exp. 137, pl. 15, fig. 1-6.
1871.
Brickellia mohavensis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 2: 104. 1884.
Type locality: “Sandy bottoms of American Fork, Jordan
Valley, Utah.”
Distribution: Gravelly places in the Mohave and Colorado
Deserts, eastward to Arizona and Colorado. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Cactus Flat, Cushenberry Canyon, north
slope of the San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 3111; eastern base
of San Jacinto Mountain, Hall 2142; Providence Mountains,
Brandegee, May 26, 1902.

4. COLEOSANTHUS FRUTESCENS (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Ph b0428) Ros,

Brickellia frutescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 207. 1882.
Type locality: ‘Mountain Springs, San Diego Co.”
Distribution: Dry gravelly ridges on the desert slope of the

Cuiamaca Mountains, southward into adjacent Lower California.

Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3665.

s. CoLteosantHus Nevini (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Am.
PIS8) 1898.

Brickellia Nevinii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 297. 1884.
Type locality: “Los Angeles Co., California, near Newhall.”
Distribution: Mountains of Ventura County, southward to the

southern slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Hot Springs Canyon, Ventura County,

Abrams &§ McGregor 192; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3731;

near Sherman, Braunton 17; Greata 331.

6. CoLEOSANTHUS CALIFOoRNICUS (Torr. & Gray) Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 328. 1891.

Bulbostylis californica Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 79. 1840.

(465 )

Brickellia californica (Torr. & Gray) A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 64. 1849.
Type locality: “California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: Mendocino County and the foothills of the Sierra

Nevada, southward to northern Lower California. In southern

California this species is common on the coastal slope, growing

in washes and on dry ridges in the chaparral. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 4189; Arroyo Seco,

near Pasadena, Grinnell, Nov. 14, 1903; Elysian Park, Los An-
geles, Abrams 4173; San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,

Baker 36096; foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, S. B.

FW. F. Parish 566; San Diego, Cleveland, 1874; Santiago Canyon,

Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Gets 523; Campo, Palmer 171.

7. COLEOSANTHUS DESETORUM Coville, Cont. Nat. Herb. 4: 119.
1893.

Brickellia desetorum Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7: 68. 1892.
Brickellia californica desetorum (Coville) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.

Botss: 33, 1907.

Type locality: “Between Banning and Seven Palms, on the
Southern Pacific Railroad, California.”

Distribution: Growing in canyons on the desert slopes along
the Colorado and Mohave deserts. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Dos Cabesas, Orcutt, Nov. 1, 1890.

8. CoLEosantHus Kwappianus (Drew) Greene, Erythea 1: 54.
1893.
Brickelia Knappiana Drew, Pittonia 1: 260. 1888.
Type locality: “In the neighborhood of the Mohave River.’’
Distribution: In the more eastern and northern part of the
Mohave Desert, perhaps not within our range. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Pleasant Canyon, Panamint Mountains,

Hall &3 Chandler 6910.

3. GUTIERREZIA.

Flowers of ray and disk 1-2 each. 1. G. lucida.
Flowers of ray and disk several each.
Ultimate branchlets ascending, destitute of bract-like leaves.
2. G. divergens.
Ultimate branchlets strictly divaricate, clothed with very short bract-like
leaves. 3. G. bracteata.

( 466 )

These species are scarcely more than suffrutescent, and probably
could be excluded with equal propriety.

1. GUTIERREZIA Lucipa Greene, Fl. Franc. 361. 1897.

Xanthocephalum lucidum Greene, Pittonia 2: 282. 1892.

Type locality: “In the region of the Mohave Desert, and south-
ward.”

Distribution: Dry gravelly hillsides in the Mohave Desert.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Mohave and Rosemond, Abrams

€f McGregor 506.

2. GUTIERREZIA DIVERGENS Greene, Pittonia 4: 58. 1899.

Type locality: “San Bernardino mesas.”

Distribution: Dry mesas and foothills in the coastal region of
southern California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Nevin, 1879; Brandegee;
San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams 2720; Los Angeles, Gambel; Tia
Juana, Herre, Aug. 8, 1902; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 5151;
El Toro, Abrams 1858; Santiago Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains,
Helen D. Geis 573; Alpine, San Diego County, Mearns 3997.

3. GUTIERREZIA BRACTEATA Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 34:
265.1907.
Gutierrezia californica bracteata Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 36.
1907.
Gutierrezia laricina Greene, Rep. Nov. Spec. 7: 195. 1909.
Type locality: “Desert slopes of San Bernardino County, be-
tween Banning and Seven Palms.”
Distribution: Dry sandy soil on the western border of the
Colorado Desert. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Between Banning and Seven Palms,
Orcutt, Nov. 1889.

4. ACAMTOPAPPUS.
1. ACAMTOPAPPUS SPHAEROCEPHALUS Harv. & Gray; A. Gray,

Pl. Fendl. 76. - 1849.

Type locality: “California.” First collected by Coulter.
Distribution: In the covillea belt of the Colorado and Mohave
Deserts, eastward to Arizona and southern Utah. Lower Sonoran.

( 467 )

Specimens examined: Mohave Desert, Pringle, May 24, 1882;
San Felipe, Antisell; Lancaster, Elmer 3621; eastern base of
San Jacinto Mountain, Hall 2108; Barstow Hills, Hall 61509;
Palmdale, Abrams &§ McGregor 513; Willow Springs, Abrams &
McGregor 423.

5. STENOTOPSIS.

Leaves thin, mostly 4-5 cm. long; involucral bracts over 1 cm. long; achenes

5 mm. long. 1. S. lineartfolius.
Leaves coriaceous, glutinous, less than 2 mm. long; involucral bracts less
than 1cm.long; achenes 3.5 mm. long. 2. S. interior.

1. STENOTOPSIS LINEARIFOLIUS (DC.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey
Club 27? 6974 “1900.

Aplopappus linearifolius DC. Prod. 5: 347. 1836.
Stenotus linearifolius Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 238. 1842.

Type locality: “In California.”

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges from Sonoma
County, southward to northern Lower California, and also on the
western slope of the Sierra Nevada (Marysville Buttes, Heller
5558). Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cajon Pass, Orcutt, 1883; vicinity of
San Bernardino, Wright, 1881; Coahuilla Hills, Riverside County,
altitude 900 meters, Hall 2902; Potrero, Abrams 3540.

2. STENOTOPSIS INTERIOR (Coville) Rydb. Buli. Torrey
Club 27: 617. 1900.

Aplopappus interior Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7: 65. 1892.
Stenotus interior Greene, Erythea 2: 72. 1894.
Stenotus lineartfolius interior Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 48.

1907.

Type locality: “About 4 miles southeast from Mill Canyon
Divide, at the northern edge of the Darwin Mesa, Inyo County,
California.”

Distribution: On the western borders of the Mohave and Colo-
rado Deserts, eastward to Arizona and southern Utah. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountains Springs, Vasey 260; Jacumba
Hot Spring, 4brams 3647; Mount Pinos, Elmer 3993; near Cuddy’s
ranch, Ventura County, Dudley 4506; Seymons Creek, Mount Pinos,

( 468 )

Hall 6498; Soldiers’ Camp near Fort Tejon, Abrams {F McGregor
270.
6. ERICAMERIA.
Leaves glabrous, glandular-punctate; style-appendages filiform-subulate.
Leaves not filiform.
Leaves obovate or oblanceolate; low, spreading shrub; branches 1-2

dm. long. 1. E. cuneata spathulata.
Leaves flat, linear-lanceolate; erect shrub, 1-3 m. high.

2. E. Parishii.
Leaves filiform.

Rays wanting.
Inflorescence cymose. 3. E. arborescens.
Inflorescence paniculate. 4. E. brachylepis.
Rays present.
Achenes pubescent.
Outer involucral bracts obtuse. 5. E. Palmert.
Outer involucral bracts acuminate.
6. E. pinifolia.
Achenes glabrous; outer involucral bracts acute. °

7. E. ericoides.
Leaves minutely pubescent, often obscurely glandular-punctate; style-appen-
dages oblong-ovate. 8. E. monactis.

1. ERICAMERIA CUNEATA SPATHULATA (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif.
Pub..Bot. 3: 52... 1907.

Bigelovia spathulata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 74. 1876.
Bigelovia rupestris Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 183. 1881.
Chrysoma cuneata spathulata Greene, Erythea 3: 11. 1895.
Chrysoma Merriami Eastw. Bull. Torrey. Club 32: 214. 1905.
Type locality: “(Near the entrance of the Tantillas Great Can-
yon, in Lower California, near the borders of the State.”
Distribution: On rocky ledges from the San Gabriel Moun-
tains southward into northern Lower California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Cucamongo Mountains, S. B. & W. F.
Parish 1027; San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams 853; Hines Peak,
Topatopa Mountains, Abrams § McGregor 85. (Closely re-
sembling the typical form, but notin bloom, and therefore placed
here doubtfully.)

2. EricaMeria Parisuu (Greene) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3:
55. i DOOR

Bigelovia Parishit Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 62. 1882.

Chrysoma Parishit Greene, Erythea 3: 10. 1895.

( 469 )

Aster Parishti Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 318. 1891.

Type locality: “San Bernardino Mountains, California.”

Distribution: Western slope of the San Gabriel Mountains,
southward to northern Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Bernardino Mountains, 450-750
meters altitude, S. B. & W. F. Parish 571; canyons of the San
Bernardino Mountains, Parish, Sept., 1900; San Gabriel Canyon,
altitude 750 meters, Abrams 850; Waterman Canyon, Parish
4584; Lytle Creek, altitude 650 meters, Abrams 1961; San Felipe,
Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; Cuiamaca Mountains, altitude 1200
meters, Susan G. Stokes, June 20, 1895.

3. ERICAMERIA ARBORESCENS (A. Gray) Greene, Man. Bay
Reg. 175, 1894.
Linosyris arborescens A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 79. 1859.
Chrysoma arborescens Greene, Erythea 3: 10. 1895.
Bigelovia arborescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 638. 1873.

Type locality: “‘California.”

Distribution: In the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada of cen-
tral California, extending southward to the Santa Ynez Moun-
tains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, Abrams 4317.

4. ERICAMERIA BRACHYLEPIS (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 3: 56. 1907.

Bigelovia brachylepis A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 614. 1876.

Chrysoma brachylepis Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.

Type locality: “Larken’s Station, 80 miles east by north of
San Diego.”

Distribution: Along the southern border of San Diego County,
and extending southward into adjacent Lower California. Lower
and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Larken’s Station, Palmer, 1875 (type);
Potrero, Cleveland, 1876.

5. ErtcaAMERIA Patmerti (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot: | 33.534 1907.

Aplopappus Palmert A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 74. 1876.
Chrysoma Palmeri Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.

(470 )

Aster Nevinit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 316. 1891.

Type locality: “Tecate Mountains, Lower California, twenty
or thirty miles below the state boundary.”

Distribution: On dry sandy plains and foothills of the coastal
slope of southern California, extending southward into northern
Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Gorgonio Pass, Parry; mesas about
San Bernardino, S. B. && W. F. Parish 654; Parish 5127; Ingle-
wood, Abrams 4201.

6. ERICAMERIA PINIFOLIA (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 32) $46) :1907-
Aplopappus pinifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 636. 1873.
Chrysoma pinifolia Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.
Aster pityphyllus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 316. 1891.

Type locality: ““Near Los Angeles, in dry river-beds.”

Distribution: On the dry plains and foothills from the vicinity
of Los Angeles, southward to the southern boundary of the State.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Bolander, 1873 (type);
Nevin, 1879; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4202; Wright,
1880; Lytle Creek Canyon, Abrams 2744; vicinity of San Ber-
nardino, Parish 5130 (in part—the leafless branch is Lepidospartum
squamatum); Big’ Tejunga wash, Abrams 1372; Potrero, Susan G.
Stokes, July 14, 1895; Cajon Pass, Abrams &F McGregor 696; near
Julian, Orcutt, Oct., 1889; Soledad Pass, Pringle, Oct. 21, 1882.

7. ERICAMERIA ERICOIDES (Less.) Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 559.
IgOl.

Diplopappus ericoides Less. Linnaea 6: 117. 1831.
Aplopappus ericoides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 146. 1833.
Ericameria microphylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Il. 7: 329.
1840.
Chrysoma ericoides Greene, Erythea 3: 11. 1895.
Aster ericinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 313. 1891.
Type locality: “Cel. de Chamisso in California,” probably at
San Francisco.
Distribution: Sand-dunes along the coast from central Cali-
fornia south to Los Angeles County. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Playa del Rey, Abrams 190.

(471)

8. ERIcAMERIA Monactis (A. Gray) McClatchie, Erythea 2: 124.
1894.

Aplopappus monactis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 1. 1883.

Acamptopappus microcephalus Jones, Contr. W. Bot. no. 8: 33.

1898.

Tumionella monactis Greene, Leaflets 1: 173. 1906.
Chrysothamnus corymbosus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 39: 50. 1905.

Type locality: ‘““Borders of the Mohave Desert, S. E. Cali-
fornia.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert from Owens Valley south to
Cajon Pass. This species has also been reported as occurring on
the coastal slope in the vicinity of West Riverside. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mohave River, Palmer 199 (type); head
of Cajon Pass, S. B. & W. F. Parish 905; north slopes of San
Bernardino Mountains, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1246; Mohave
Desert, Pringle, May, 1882; Lancaster, Elmer 3668; near Sprague’s
Ranch, Liebre Mountains, Dudley 4370; near Barstow, Hall 6160;
Willow Springs, Antelope Valley, Abrams && McGregor 4109.

7. CHRYSOTHAMNUS.

Leaves resinous-punctate, terete.
Outer involucral-bract with a distinct greenish subapical spot.
1. C. teretifolius.
Outer involucral bracts pale, without greenish spot. 2. C. paniculatus.
Leaves not resinous-punctate, plane or canaliculate.
Branches not tomentose; leaves glabrous except on the margins.
Stems glutinous; leaves not ciliate, often sparse.
3. C. mohavensts.
Stems not glutinous, leafy; leaves short-ciliate on the margins.
4. C. stenophyllus.
Branches more or less tomentose.
Heads 5-flowered.
Bracts abruptly contracted to a spreading setiform tip.
5. C. ceruminosus.

Bracts acute or acuminate. 6. C. occtdentalts.
Heads 9-flowered; a few of the outer bracts foliaceous.
7. G. Parryt.

I. CHRYSOTHAMNUS TERETIFOLIUS (Dur. & Hilg.) Hall, Univ.
Calif) Pub: Bot. $2)57-:" 1907:

Linosyris teretifolia Dur. & Hilg. Pacif.R. Rep. 5: 9, pl. 7. 1855.
Bigelovia teretifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 644. 1873.

(472 )

Chrysoma teretifolia Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.

Type locality: “All over the mountains around Tejon Valley.”

Distribution: On the desert slopes of the mountains of southern
California from Tejon Pass southward to the Cuiamaca Mountains
(according to Gray), and eastward to southern Nevada. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountains around Tejon Valley, Heerman
(type); Morongo Pass, Parry; San Gorgonio Pass, S. B.& W. F.
Parish 655; hills bordering the Mohave Desert, Pringle, Oct. 21,
1882.

2. CHRYSOTHAMNUS PANICULATUS (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 3: 58. 1907.

Linosyris viscidiflora paniculata A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 80.

1859.

Bigelovia paniculata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 644. 1873.
Chrysoma paniculata Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.

Type locality: “California, Schott, probably in the south-
eastern part of the State: the station not recorded.”

Distribution: On the Mohave and the Colorado Deserts of
southern California, and extending into Arizona and southern
Nevada. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: California, locality not given, Schott
(type); desert mountains, station not given, S. B.& W. F. Parish
651; desert washes, Parry, 1875; Whitewater, S. B.& W. F. Par-
ish 655; Larken’s Station (Jacumba Hot Spring), Palmer, 1875.

3. CHRYSOTHAMNUS MOHAVENSIS Greene, Erythea 3: 113. “1895.

Bigelovia mohavensis Greene, A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 2: 138.

1884.

Aster mohavensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 318. 1891.

Type locality: ‘(On the Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, from the Tehachapi Mountains
southward to the desert slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tehachapi Pass, Eastwood, Sept. 1894;
Mohave Desert, Pringle, Oct., 1882; Fort Tejon, Rothrock 271;
San Bernardino Mountains, S. B. 9 W. F. Parish 1072; Cushen-
berry Springs, north slope of San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams

2145; Rock Creek, Abrams &F McGregor 625.

(473)

4. CHRYSOTHAMNUS STENOPHYLLUs (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 3:
94. 1895.
Bigelovia Douglasti stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 646.

1873.

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus stenophyllus Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.

Bota: 59: /1GO7:

Type locality: “Northwestern Nevada.”

Distribution: Western Nevada and the eastern slope of the
Sierra Nevada, southward to the San Bernardino Mountains.
In the more arid parts of the Transition Zone.

Specimens examined: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,

S. B. & W. F. Parish 1454; Abrams 2133, 2889.

5. CHRYSOTHAMNUS CERUMINOsUs (Dur. & Hilg.) Greene,
Erythea 3: 94. 1895.

Linosyris ceruminosa Dur. & Hilg. Pacif. R. Rep. 5, pt. 3: 9,
DSO ES5
Bigelovia ceruminosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 643. 1873.
dy pellocality<:\ lejanmPass!’*
Distribution: This species was collected by Dr. Heerman, of
the Pacific Railway Survey, in the region of Tejon Pass, but has
never been rediscovered.

6. CHRYSOTHAMNUS OCCIDENTALIS Greene, Fl. Fran. 369. 1897.

Chrysothamnus californicus occidentalis Greene, Erythea 3: 112.

1895.

Chrysothamnus nauseosus occidentalis Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.

Bot. 8: 60. 1907.

Type locality: “In the Coast Ranges from Humboldt County
southward.” Later (Fl. Fran.) Greene gives the range as “Kern
and Santa Barbara counties.”

Distribution: Mountains of Santa Barbara County and south-
ern Kern County, southward to the San Jacinto Mountains.
Transition.

Specimens examined: Green Valley, Shaw & Illingsworth 55.

7. CuRYSOTHAMNUS Parryr (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 3: 113.
1895.

Linosyris -Parryi A. Gray, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1863: 63. 1863.

Bigelovia Parryt A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 642. 1873.

(474)

Type locality: “Rocky Mountains of Colorado in the region of
South and Middle Park,”’ according to Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 8:
642).

Distribution: A Rocky Mountain species of rather high altitudes
which occurs on Alamo Mountain, altitude 2100 meters, eastern
Ventura County, according to Hall (Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3:
62. 1907).

8. HAZARDIA.

1. Hazarpia squarrosa (Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Erythea 2: 112.
1894.
Aplopappus squarrosus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 146. 1833.
Type locality: Probably Monterey. “Collected at San Fran-
cisco, and a few at Monterey Bay” is the general locality given
at the head of the list of plants in which this species appears.
Distribution: Monterey, southward to San Diego, and on the
islands off the coast of southern California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara,
Eastwood 201; Abrams 4147; Los Angeles, Hasse, Oct., 1887;
Elysian Park, Abrams 4180; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3732;
San Diego, Brandegee, Sept. 13, 1902 (Baker 3426); San Ysabel,

Hayes 305.
9. BACCHARIS.

Achenes 10-nerved; leaves not willow-like.
Pappus of fertile flowers conspicuously elongating in fruit, flaccid.
Leaves except some of the uppermost not linear.
Leaves obovate, sessile; pappus, in fruit, about 8 mm. long.
1. B. pilularts.
Leaves of branches oblanceolate or oblong, those of the branch-
lets linear; heads somewhat nakedly paniculate.
2. B. Emoryi.
Leaves all linear, rigid, those of the strongly striated branchlets
sparse and minute; involucre of male flowers 3-4 mm. long.
3. B. sarothroides.
Pappus of fertile flowers rather rigid and scanty, not elongated in age;
branches broom-like. 4. B. sergiloides.
Achenes 5-nerved or rarely 4-nerved.
Leaves willow-like, glabrous and sometimes glutinous.
Involucre 5-6 mm. long; bracts stramineous. 5. B. glutinosa.
Involucres 8 mm. long; bracts tawny. 6. B. viminea.
Leaves pubescent, linear-oblong, obtuse, acutely serrate.
7. B. Plummerae.

(475)

1. BaccHaris PILULARIS DC. Prod. 5: 407. 1836.

Baccharis consanguinea DC. Prod. 5: 408. 1836.
Type locality: “In California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: Coastal region of Oregon, southward to Santa
Monica, southern California. In southern California this species
is local at Santa Monica, but is more frequent in the coastal region
of Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Blanche Trask,
Sept., 1897; Santa Barbara, Abrams, Aug., 1909.

2. Baccuaris Emoryi A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 83. 1859.

Type locality: ““Very common on the Gila; Emory, coll. in 1846,
etc. Fort Yuma, E. California; Major Thomas.” Emory’s
specimen in the Gray Herbarium is a mere fragment, and the
original description, at least of the pistillate plant was undoubt-
edly drawn from ‘Thomas’ plant.

Distribution: Western Arizona and southern Utah, westward to
the coastal region of southern California. Upper and Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Los Angeles, Nevin, 1880; San
Bernardino Valley, S. B. & W.F. Parish 613; Parish 5163, and
Nov., 1902; San Luis Rey, Parry, 1850; Potrero, Cleveland, 1876;
Fallbrook, Orcutt, Nov., 1883; near Imperial, G. D. Abrams, Jan.,
1902; near Santa Ana, Helen D. Gets 548.

3. BACCHARIS SAROTHROIDES A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 211.
1882.

Type locality: “Southern borders of California, San Diego
Co., near the old Mission Station, the boundary monuments, etc.”

Distribution: In the extreme southern part of the State and
adjacent Lower California, eastward to Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Boundary monument, near San Diego,
Palmer 265; Mission Valley, Orcutt, Oct., 1883; near San Diego
Hayes, Oct. 14,1858; San Felipe Canyon, Palmer, 1875; Chula,
Vista, Abrams 4192; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3670.

4. BaccHaRIs SERGILOIDES A. Gray, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 83.
1859.
Type locality: “Along the Gila or Colorado, dry arroyos, 50

( 476 )

miles west of the Colorado,” also in the “‘southern part of Cali-
fornia.”
Distribution: From the western part of the Colorado and the
Mohave Deserts, eastward to southern Utah. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Palm Springs, S. B. & W. F. Parish 296.

5. BaccHaRis GLUTINOSA Pers. Syn. 2: 425. 1807.

Type locality: “An R[egni] Chilensis ruderatis.”

Distribution: Along watercourses in the Colorado Desert, ex-
tending eastward to Arizona and southern Colorado, and south-
ward into Mexico and Chili. ‘This species has been reported from
the coastal region near Los Angeles, but perhaps erroneously.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Imperial Valley, near Calexico, Abrams
4004, 4003.

6. BaccHaRis vIMINEA DC. Prod. 5: 400. 1836.

Type locality: “In California.” First collected by Douglas.

Distribution: Common along watercourses and in moist places
in southern California on the coastal slope; extending from the
Sacramento Valley southward to northern Lower California.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Brewer 171; Grant 97; San
Bernardino Valley, S. B. & W. F. Parish 702; Sweetwater Valley,
Deane, April 8, 1888; San Diego River, Abrams 3380; Acton,
Elmer 3701; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 5014; Big Te-
junga wash, San Fernando Valley, Abrams 1393; Tia Juana River,
Herre, Aug. 8, 1902; Monrovia, Dudley, Nov. 25, 1907; Los
Angeles, Grant 97; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams
(F McGregor 557.

7. BaccHaris PLuMMERAE A. Gray, Proc, Am. Acad. 15: 48.
1880.

Type locality: “Along a stream in Glen Loch ravine, in the
mountains near Sta. Barbara, California.”

Distribution: Santa Ynez Mountains northward to Santa
Monica. Originally described as herbaceous, but distinctly
woody, forming rounded bushes, about 1 meter high. Upper
Sonoran.

(477)

Specimens examined: La Cumbre trail, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Abrams 4307.

10. - PLUCHEA.

1. PLucHEA sERICEA (Nutt.) Coville, Cont. Nat. Herb. 4: 128.
1893.

Polypappus sericeus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. II. 1: 178. 1847.
Tessaria borealis DC.; Torr. & Gray in Emory, Notes Mil.
Reconnois. 143. 1848, without description.
Tessaria borealis A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 102. 1852.
Pluchea borealis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 212. 1882.
Type locality: ‘‘Rocky Mountains of Upper California.”
Distribution: Along watercourses, extending from Santa Bar-
bara County southward into Lower California, and eastward
through the Mohave and Colorado Deserts to the Rio Grande.
This species, which is commonly called “arrow-weed,” is very
common along ditches in the Imperial Valley. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Clara Valley, Ventura County,
Rothrock 184; San Diego, Palmer, 1875; Mohave Desert, Bran-
degee; Calexico, Abrams 4096; Tia Juana River, Abrams 3515;
San Miguel Mountain, Chandler 5195.

11. BEBBIA.

Herbage green and glabrous. 1. B.juncea.
Herbage scabrous. 1a. B.juncea aspera.

1. BeEBBIA JUNCEA (Benth.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 180.
1885.

Carphephorus junceus Benth. Bot. Sulph. 21. 1844.

Type locality: ‘Bay of Magdalena,” Lower California.

Distribution: Western base of the San Bernardino Mountains,
southward in the coastal region to northern Lower California.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: City Creek wash, near Highlands, Abrams
2803; Santiago Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D.
Geis, Dec., 1902; between Grantville and Santee, Abrams 3755;
Canyon of the San Jacinto River, Hall 2016; Santa Ana Canyon,
San Bernardino Mountains, Shaw & Illingsworth, Aug. 10, 1901.

(478 )

Ia. BEBBIA JUNCEA ASPERA Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 180.
1885.

Bebbia aspera Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 37: 273. 1904.

Type locality: ‘Southeastern borders of California and ad-
jacent Arizona.”

Distribution: Common in sandy washes in the Colorado Desert,
extending northward through the Mohave Desert, and eastward
to southern Nevada and Arizona. Specimens have also been
found on the coastal slope in southern California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: ‘San Diego,” Brandegee; Signal Moun-
tain, Abrams 3161.

12. VIGUIERA.
Leaves lanceolate; achenes sparsely pubescent. 1. V. laciniata.
Leaves ovate; achenes densely villous. 2. V. Pareshit.

1. VicuiERA LaciniATA A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 89. 1859.

Type locality: “Rancho Gamacho, east of San Diego, Cali-
fronia.”

Distribution: A common shrub on the mesas and foothills in
the southwestern part of San Diego County, extending into ad-
jacent Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rancho Gamacho, east of San Diego,
Schott, Sept., 1855 (type); near San Diego, Newberry; Sweetwater,
Cleveland, April, 1876; Cottonwood Grade, near Potrero, Abrams
3901; San Diego, Susan G. Stokes, June 20, 1895; Mission Hills,
San Diego, Abrams 3450.

2. VicuIERA Parisuu Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 15. 1882.

Vigutera deltoidea Parishit Rose, Cont. Nat. Herb. 1: 72. 1890.

Type locality: ‘San Luis Rey.”

Distribution: Western San Diego County, where it is rare,
eastward to the Providence Mountains. Upper and Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Luis Rey, S. B. & W. F. Parish 963
(type); Palm Springs, Parish 4126.

13. ENCELIA.
Peduncles pubescent.
Rays present.
Involucre densely villous; disk purple. 1. £. californica.

(479)

Involucre canescent; disk yellow. 2. E. actont.
Rays none; herbage scabrous. 3. E. frutescens.
Peduncles glabrous; leaves silvery tomentose. 4. E. farinosa.

1. ENcELIA CALIFoRNICA Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 357.
1841.

Type locality: “On dry hills, near St. Barbara, Upper Cali-
fornia.”

Distribution: Common on hillsides from Santa Barbara south-
ward on the coast slope to northern Lower California. Confined
mainly to the Upper Sonoran but extending into the Lower Son-
oran toward its southern limits.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Bolander, 1873; hills
near Inglewood, Abrams 3107; Santa Monica Canyon, Abrams
1486; San Diego, Susan G. Stokes, June 12, 1895; Santiago
Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis 540; Santa Bar-
bara, Elmer 3899; hillsides at Tia Juana, Abrams 3470.

Bex, 2. Encezia acroni Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 39: 47. 1905.
Encelia frutescens {. actoni Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 135.

1907.

Type locality: ‘Acton, Los Angeles county, California.”

Distribution: Western slopes of the Mohave and Colorado
Deserts, extending into the coastal region in the vicinity of San
Jacinto. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Acton, Elmer 3724 (type); Hesperia,
Parish 4873; San Felipe, Susan G. Stokes, July 28, 1895; Ven-
tura, Brandegee; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3667; San
Jacinto, Hall 2907; Liebre Mountains, Abrams {9 McGregor 402;
between Tehachapi and Mohave, Abrams &§ McGregor 500; Rock
Creek, Abrams &F McGregor 548.

3. ENcELIA FRUTESCENS A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 657. 1873.

Simsia frutescens A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 89. 1859.
Encelia frutescens f. ovata Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 135.
1907.
Type locality: “Sierra Prieta, near Fort Yuma, E. California.”
Distribution: Dry hillsides and washes of the Colorado and
Mohave Deserts, eastward to Arizona and southern Nevada.
Lower Sonoran,

( 480 )

Specimens examined: Signal Mountain, Abrams 3156, and Dec.
29, 1907; McCoy wash, Colorado Desert, Hall 5039.

4. Encetia Farinosa A. Gray; Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil.
Reconnois. 143. 1848.

Type locality: According to Emory’s notes (page 103) this
species was collected in southern California in the vicinity of
Carriso Creek.

Distribution: San Bernardino Valley, southward to northern
Lower California and eastward to Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4782;
Signal Mountain, Abrams 3159; near Mentone, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 823.

14. PICROTHAMNUS.

1. PIcROTHAMNUS DESETORUM Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7:
AL7.\ KSAT;
Artemisia spinescens Eaton, Bot. King. Exped. 180, pl. 19. 1871.
Type locality: “‘North sources of the Platte.”
Distribution: Mohave Desert of southern California extending
northward throughout the Great Basin region. Upper Sonoran. .
Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens within
our range.

15s. ARTEMISIA. Sace-sprusu.

Heads heterogamous; marginal flowers pistillate, the central perfect; leaf-
segments filiform. 1. A. californica.
Heads homogamous; the flowers all perfect; leaf-segments not filiform.
Achenes glabrous.
Involucre oblong, 3-8, or rarely 9-flowered.
Accessory bracts of the involucre short and ovate.
2. A. tridentata.
Accessory bracts of the involucre oblong or lanceolate.
3. A. tripartita.
Involucre short-campanulate, 9-12-flowered; bracts all ovate or
oval, glabrate. 4. A. Rothrockit.
Achenes pubescent. 5. A. Parishit.

1. ARTEMISIA CALIFORNICA Less. Linnaea 6: 523. 1831.

Artemisia abrotanoides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 399.
1841.

( 481 )

Artemisia foliosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 397. 1841.

Type locality: “De Chamisso in California.”

Distribution: San Francisco Bay, southward through the Coast
Ranges to Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sierra Santa Monica, Brewer 53; sandy
plains near Colton, Pringle, Oct. 22, 1882; San Luis Rey, Parry;
Santa Barbara, Elmer 3964; near Oneonta, Herre, Aug. 8, 1902.

2. ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 398.
1841.

Type locality: “Hab. Plains of the Oregon, and Lewis River.”

Distribution: Eastern Washington, eastward throughout the
arid regions of the Rocky Mountains, and southward to Lower
California. In southern California it is common on the desert
slopes of the mountains in, and just below, the yellow pine belt.
Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Holcomb Valley, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Shaw & Illingsworth 211.

3. ARTEMISIA TRIPARTITA Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 432.
1900.

Artemisia trifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 398. 1841.
Not Turcz. 1832.
Type locality: ‘“‘ Placers of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon.”
Distribution: Mohave Desert, extending eastward and north-
ward through the Great Basin region. Upper and Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from
southern California.

4. Artemisia Roturocxi A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 618. 1876.

Type locality: ‘Sierras of Tulare Co., Olanche Mountains
and Monachay Meadows, at 8,000 to 9,300 feet.”

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada, south to the San Ber-
nardino Mountains, and east to southern Utah. Arid Transition
and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from
southern California.

( 482 )

5. Artemisia Parisuu A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 220. 1882.

Type locality: “Newhall, Los Angeles Co., and in Cajon Pass,
California.” According to Parish (Zoe 5: 120), “the second sta-
tion ‘Cajon Pass’ given in the original description is an error. The
plant has been found, as yet, only at Newhall.”

Distribution: A common plant in the vicinity of Newhall and
in Antelope Valley often forming large shrubs 2 meters high or
more. Much of this material has been mistaken heretofore for
Artemisia tridenta angustifolia A. Gray, with which it is closely
related if not identical.

Specimens examined: Newhall, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1065;
Helen D. Geis; near Lancaster, Wells, Dec., 1909; near Burbank,
Braunton 907.

16. LEPIDOSPARTUM.

1. LEPIDOSPARTUM SQUAMATUM A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 50.
1883.

Linosyris squamata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 290. 1870.
Linosyris squamata Breweri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 290.

1870.

Linosyris squamata Palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 290.

1870.

Tetradymia squamata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 207. 1874.

Type locality: ‘‘Low hills of the Sierra Santa Monica, Los
Angeles Co., Californica.” When Dr. Gray first published his
diagnosis of this species he had only two specimens in his her-
barium. One of these, collected by Brewer on “‘low hills of the
Sierra Santa Monica, Los Angeles Co., California,’ was placed in
the variety Breweri; the other, collected on the “desert of the Colo-
rado, Arizona, 1870 [by] Dr. E. Palmer,’ became his second
variety, Palmeri. ‘This treatment, fortunately seldom practiced
by Dr. Gray, left no specimens to represent the typical species.
We are therefore obliged to consider the Brewer plant as the type
of the species, reducing the varietal name to synonymy. ‘The
desert form, Palmeri, does not seem distinct.

Distribution: Southern Monterey County, southward to Lower
California, and eastward to Arizona. Dry sandy washes in the
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Fort Tejon, Heerman; Rothrock 276;

( 483 )

Sierra Santa Monica, Brewer 71 (type); San Gabriel Canyon,
Abrams 885; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3466; Santiago Canyon,
Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis 576; vicinity of San Bernar-
dino, Parish 4202, 5130; foothills of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains, S. B. & W.F. Parish 583; Riverside, Hall 1367; Mohave
Desert, Brandegee; wash near Monrovia, Dudley, Nov. 13, 1907.

17.) PEUGEPHYLLUM.

I. PEUCcEPHYLLUM ScuHotti A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 74.
: 1859.

Psathyrotes Schottui A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 206. 1874.

Inyonia dysodtoides M. E. Jones, Cont. W. Bot. no. 8: 42. 1898.
Type locality: “Diluvial banks of the Colorado, in Sonora.”
Distribution: Inyo County, southward through the desert

region to Lower California and Sonora. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Los Palmas, Hall 5840.

18, TETRADYMIA.

Heads 4-flowered; plants not spinescent.
Leaves permanently canescent. 1. T. canescens.
Leaves glabrate. 2. T. glabrata
Heads s5—o-flowered.
Stems clothed with slender spines; leaves not spinescent-tipped.

Achenes canescent but glabrate. 3. T. stenolepis.
Achenes with long, soft wool. 4. T. spinosa.

Stems without spines; leaves spinescent-tipped; achenes with long, soft
wool. 5. T. comosa.

I. ‘TETRADYMIA CANESCENS DC. Prod. 5: 440. 1837.

Type locality: “In Americae borealis ora occidentali ad Colum-
bia River.”

Distribution: Eastern Washington and Idaho, southward to
the mountains of southern California. Arid Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount San Antonio, S. B.t W. F. Parish
561; Bear Valley, Abrams 2913, 2135; Mount San Antonio, Abrams
2693; Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor

400.

2. TETRADYMIA GLABRATA A. Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 2: 122, pl. 5.
1854.
Type locality: “On the Sierra Nevada.”

( 484 )

Distribution: Mohave Desert, northward through the arid
regions to eastern Oregon. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mohave Desert, Pringle, May 24, 1882;
Rabbit Springs, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1259; Lancaster, Elmer
3676; Dudley 4313.

3. TETRADYMIA STENOLEPIS Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 92.
1885.

Type locality: “Mountains of Kern Co., California.” Accord-
ing to Hall (Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 227) “the type specimens
were gathered a short distance southwest of the Southern Pacific
railroad between Cameron and Mohave stations.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, from Antelope Valley eastward
to Inyo County. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cushenberry Springs, Abrams 2140;
Antelope Valley, Oliver; hills near Kernville, Purpus 5651; Teha-
chapi, Mrs. Curran, 1884; Mohave Desert, Davidson, Aug. 1,
1901; between Tehachapi and Mohave, Abrams tF McGregor 400.

4. TETRADYMIA sPInosA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 360. 1840.

Type locality: “Snake Country.” First collected by Tolmie.

Distribution: Eastern Oregon and Idaho, southward through
the Great Basin to the Mohave Desert. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mohave Desert, Pringle, May 14, 1882;
Lancaster, Elmer 3670.

5. TETRADYM1A comosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 60. 1876.

Type locality: “W. Nevada, Lemmon, S. E. borders of Cali-
fornia, E. Palmer, Potrero, San Diego Co. D. Cleveland.”

Distribution: Southern Nevada, to the southern boundary of
California. In southern California this species is most frequent
on the dry interior hills and plains of the coastal slope, but it
also occurs, according to Parish, on the Mohave Desert in the
vicinity of Lancaster and Hesperia.

Specimens examined: Potrero, Cleveland, 1876; Susan G. Stokes,
July 14, 1895; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish, July, 1899;
Cucamonga, Abrams 2942; Etiwanda, Abrams 1912; near San
Jacinto, Hasse, July 4, 1892; Campo, Palmer 95.

(485 )

19. SENECIO. GrounpseEt.

1. SENEctio Douctasi DC. Prod. 6: 429. 1837.

Senecio regiomontanus DC. Prod. 6: 429. 1837.

Senecio longilobus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839.

Senecio filifolius Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 411. 1847.
Senecio Riddellit Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 444. 1840.
Senecio Blochmanae Greene, Erythea 1: 7. 1893.

Type locality: “In California.” First collected by Douglas.

Distribution: Lake County, southward to Lower California, and
eastward to western Texas and Nebraska; common in dry sandy
washes. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tia Juana, Abrams 3511; Lytle Creek
Canyon, Abrams 2690; Little Santa Anita Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams 2646; near Orange, Agnes M. Bowman, June,
1899; San Felipe, Susan G. Stokes, July 24,1895; near San Ber-
nardino, Parish 5103; Acton, Elmer 3735; Sespe Creek, near
Ten Sycamore Flat, Abrams &F McGregor 170; Cajon Pass, Abrams
&F McGregor 697.

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