¥ vith bie € Gl et" ah abe Ppt = ay tee Shh cate yc any ade Ree ee wet ee eta) we —_—— Glee ee pert ee, a ated . woe tenet a wryeted slate sow w voy poent Oe a8) - ee a ” ‘ : ogo 8 < » ‘© . Bede tte peek eye #07 Voy (hyp ra Os 19 O9l Hes Be rene cee at ve ote ror’ 5 hee : . ate ee eo = 7 oy . ‘ 4 . alps 3” Mabthaietn a rsee es > CoA a - _——— 'y Bie i CWA bi LY ay fy i [ eae ie f] t ten Wt AS f Li, pau - i , } Ray ih hin i rh hy Panny i RAR ae Wh oe) ‘ ay WY s ‘ } Ae io -PHYTOLOGIA _ Designed to expedite botanical pi blication VoL. 2 f io August, 1941 No. 1 CONTENTS c. L. Lunvert: Diagnoses of new American plaMismed Sie e mi oigie oce 2 Merritt: A new species of Premna from the Philippines ......+5 ON, Mo.penxe: Novelties in the Eriocaulaceae and Verbenaceae ....06 Published by H. A. Gleason and Harold N. Moldenke The New York Botanical Garden Bronx Park, New York, N. Y. Price of this number, 50 cents; per volume, $5.00 in advance Vol. 1, No. 15, was issued January 28, 1941 PHYTOLOGIA A journal designed to expedite botanical publication Published by H. A. Gleason and Harold N. Moldenke New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York, N. Y. | Volume Two DIAGNOSES OF NEW AMERICAN PLANTS -- I (a) CO. Le Lunde 11 STRUTHANTHUS ESCUINTLENSIS Lundell, sp. nov. Frutex epiphyticus omino glaber, ramlis subteretibus, brunnescentibus. Folia petiolata, petiolo ad 1.5 cm. longo; lamina coriacea, elliptica, 2.2--5 om. longa, 1.7--3.2 cm. lata, apice rotundata, minute apiculata, basi rotundata, nervis lateralibus inconspicuis, venulis obsoletis. Inflor- escentiae subspicatae, axillares, solitariae, ad 12 cm. lon- gee, floribus in spiculas trifloras subsessiles dispositis, bracteolis acutis. Petala linearia, 6.5 mm. longa. Stylus oa. 4.5 mm. longus, haud contortus. --MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt.. Ovando, alt. 1800 Me, ON tree, July 1--16, 1940, Eizi Matuda 4185 (Univ. Michigan Herb., type). --Allied to S. macro- stachyus Lundell and S. belizensis Lundell. CALLIANDRA SILTEPECENSIS lundell, sp. nov. Arbor parva, 3--4 m. alta, ramlis subteretibus dense hirtellis. Stipulae ca. 4 mm. longae. Folia petiolata, peti- olo ad 2.5 em. longo, hirtello, rachi usque ad 5.5 cm. longa; pinnis 5--7-jugis; foliolis chartaceis, 21--53-jugis, line- ari-oblongis, ad & mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, sessilibus, adpresse hirtello-ciliatis, apice acutis, basi obliquis. Capitulae axillares, pedunculis ad 5.5 om. longis, parce hirtellis vel glabris. Legumina glabra, ad 10.5 om. longa, 0.9 cm. lata, apice rotundata et minute apiculata, basi stipitata. --MEXICO: Chiapas, Barranca Honda, Siltepec, riv- erside, October--November, 1940, Eizi Matuda 4040 (Univ. Michigan Herb., type). 2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, noe l HELIOCARPUS BELIZENSIS Lundell, sp. nov. Arbor, 13 om. diam., ommino minute rufo-glandulosa. Rami- li paroe hirsuti, glabrescentes. Folia petiolata, petiolo 1.3--4.5 cm. longo; lamina integra, late ovata, ovata, vel ovato~lanceolata, 7--13 cm. longa, 2.5--6.5 cm. lata, apice caudato~acuminata, basi rotundata, serrulata, supra parce et breviter hirsuta, subtus stellato—pilosa. Infructescentia magna, rhachibue hirsutis. Pedicelli fructiferi 4.3--5 m. longie Fructus crasse stipitatus. --BRITISH HOMDURAS: El Cayo District, Vaca, on hilltop, Mer. 2, 1938, Percy H. Gentle 2273 (Univ. Michigan Herb., type), vernacular name moho. -~The clothing of minute red glands suggests H. glanduliferus Robinson, but that species has sessile fruits. HELIOCARPUS CUSPIDATUS Lundell, sp. nov. Arbor, 20 cm. diam., ramulis parece et minute stellato- puberulentibus. Folia petiolata, petiolo 2.5--7 cm. longo; lamina ovato-lanceolata, 7--15 om. longa, 3.6--6.7 cme lata, apice caudato~acuminata, basi late obtusa vel rotundata, serrulata, glabrescentia. Inflorescentia parva, rhachibus minute stellato—tomentulosis; pedicellis 5--6 mm. longis. Sepala 4, linearis, 6 mm. longa, extus minute stellato- tomentulosa. Petale 4, anguste spatulata, 3.8-—4 mm. longa, baso breviter pilosa. Stamina 14 vel 16. Stylus bifidus, ov- erio longior. Pedicelli fructiferi 3.5-—-4.5 mm. longi. Fructus stipitatus. --BRITISH HONDURAS: El Cayo District, Vaca, on hilltop, Mar. 4, 1938, Percy H. Gentle 2297 (Univ. Michigan Herb., type), vernacular name moho; near Camp 6, on hillside, Mar. 15, 1938, Gentle 2355. --From description H. cuspidatus appears to be close to H. Donnell-Smithii Rose, but differs in the narrower serrulate leaves with caudate- acuminate tips, longer sepals, plumose hairs on faces of young fruits, and in the longer fruit stipes. The flowers appear to be pseudohermaphroditic which may account for the differences in pedicel lengths. HELIOCARPUS FLORIBUNDUS lamdell, sp. nov. Arbor, 15 m. alta, 25 cm. diam. Ramli glabrescentes. Folia petiolata, petiolo 3.5--11.5 cm. longo; lamina integ- ra, late ovata vel suborbicularia, 10--22 cm. longa, 7--12.5 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, serrulata, supra minute stellato-puberula, subtus parce tom entosa. Infructescentia magna, usque ad 45 om. longa, rhach- ibus fulvis, breviter stellato-tomentulosis. Pedicelli fructiferi 2--4 mm. longi. Fructus stipitatus. --BRITI&H HONDURAS: Belize District, Gracie Rock, Sibum River, Mar. 28, 1955, Percy H. Gentle 1534 (Univ. Michigan Herb., type), vernacular name mountain moho. El Cayo District, Little Coc- quericot, Belize River, Mare 27> 1933; Ce Le Lundell 4177 ° 1941 Lundell, Diagnoses 3 Stann Creek District, 22 Mile, Feb. 17, 1952, W. A. Schipp 872, vernaculer name broad leaf moho. ~-Essential character- istics of H. floribundus are as follows: leaf blades mimte- ly appressed stellate-puberulent above and tomentose beneath, huge panicles with branches and pedicels clothed with short fulvous stellate tomentum, short pedicels, long fruit stipes, faces of fruit rugose and persistently hirsute but not bearing plumose hairs, and plumose bristles of fringe as much as & mm. long. It is related to H. tomentosus Turez., which has smaller leaves and coarsely hirsute branchlets and infructescence. HELIOGARPUS GENTLEI lundell, sp. nov. Arbor, 10 cm. diam., ramulis minute stellato-tomentulos- is. Folia persistenter stipulata, stipulis 16 mm. longis vel minoribus, petiolata, petiolo 4.5--14 om. longo; lamina sub- orbicularia, 12--26 cm. longa, 9-17 com. lata, trilobata, lobo terminali acuminate, lobis lateralibus acutis vel rot-. undatis, basi cordate, serrulata, supra glabrescens, nervis parce et minute stellato-puberulentis, subtus parce stellato -puberulens, nervis breviter villosis. Inflorescentia magna, rhachibus stellato-tomentulosis, pedicellis 4.5--4.5 m. longis. Sepala 4, linearis, 5.5-—-6 mm. longa, obtusa, exter- iora stellato—tomentulosa. Petala 4, spatulata, 4--4.5 m. longa. Stamina 16. Stylus ad mediam bilobus, ovario duplo longior. Fructus ignotus. --BRITISH HONDURAS: Belize Dis- trict, Gracie Rock, Sibun River, on hilltop, Jan. 30, 1936, Percy H. Gentle 1787 (Univ. Michigan Herb., type), vernacu- lar name white mohe. --In the absence of fruits, the exact relationship is difficult to determine. The persistent stip- ules suggest an alliance with H. stipulatus Hochr. which, according to description, has sordid-tomentose branches, flowers almost sessile, tuberculate sepals, and the androgy- nophore surrounded by a conspicuous pilose ring. H. Gentlei differs in these and other significant characteristics. The large 3-lobed leaves, short villous beneath along the prim- ary and secondary veins, the minute gray stellate tomentum of branchlets and inflorescence, and the nodose flowers, in addition to the persistent stipules already mentioned, dis- tinguish the species. DAPHNOPSIS FLAVIDA landell, sp. nov. Arbor parva, 5 m. alta, ramulis rubris, juvenilibus parce strigosis vel glabrescentibus. Folia petiolata, petiolo ad 5 mm. longo; lamina glabra, subcoriacea, flavida, oblonge- elliptica, 5.5--10 em. longa, 2--4 cm. lata, apice attenue- ta, obtusa, basi acuta, nervis venisque prominulis et retic- ulatis, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8. Inflores- centiae 6 axillares vel laterales, paucifloras, pedunculis A PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, no. l minute et parce strigillosis, ca. 5 mm. longis, floribus flavidus apice umbellatis, pedicellis minute et parce strig- illosis, ad 2 mm. longis; perianthii tubus ca. 11 mm. longus, — lobis 4, ovato-orbicularibus, 2--2.5 mm. longis, minute pub- erulis, extus fere glabris. Ovarium glabrum. Styli 1.5 mm. longi. —-MEXIO0O: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, in forest, alt. 2000 me, July 1--16, 1940, Eizi Matuda 4157 (Univ. Michigan Herb., type). EUGENIA ESOUINTLENSIS Lundell, sp. nov. Arbor, 15 m. alta, glabra, ramulis gracilibus, internod- iis elongatis. Folia petiolata, petiolo canaliculato, ad 7 mm. longo; lamina chartatea, flavida, obovata, obovato-ell-~ iptica, vel oblongo-elliptica, 5--10.5 om. longa, 1.7--4.7 cm. lata, apice subacuminata, acumine obtuso, basi acuta, nervis lateralibus 7--l0-jugis, utrinque prominulis. Flores breviter racemosi, racemis ad 5 mm. longis, fasciculatis, glebris, axillearibus; pedicellis 4—7 mm. longis; bracteolis triangulari-ovatis, ca. 0.8 mm. longis, parce puberulis. Se- pala 4, late ovata, 1.2--1.5 ym. longa, parce ciliolata. Petala suborbiculeria, cae 3.5 mm. longa. Stylus 4.5 m. longus. ~-MEXICO: Chiapas, Finca Esperanza, Escuintla, Feb. 28, 1940, Eizi Matude 4144 (Univ. Michigan Herb., type). VACCINIUM MATUDAI Lundell, sp. nov. Frutex; ramulis rubris, juvenilibus parce pilosellis, mox glabrescentibus. Folia petiolata, petiolo ad 2.5 mm. longo, crasso; lamina sublucida, crasse coriacea, ovato-cordata, 2--4.5 om. longa, 1.5--3.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa, basi late cordata, obscure crenulata, utrinque glabra costa ad basin puberula excepta, venulis reticulatis. Inflorescentia rubra, glabra vel parce pilosella, pauciflora, racemosa, ca. 2 com. I-nga, pedicellis 3.5--5 mm. longis. Calyx glaber, calycis lobi 5, late deltoidei, ca. 1 mm. longi, acuti. Corolla ur- ceolata, ca. 7 mm. longa, extus glebra, lobis 5, ovato= oblongis, ca. 1.5 mm. longis, obtusis, intus parce pilosis. Filamenta pilosa. Antherae 5 mm. longae, ecalcaratae. Ovari- um glabrum, ut videtur 10-loculare. Fructus ca. 5 mm. diam. ~-MEXICO: Chiapas, Barranca Honda, Siltepec, growing on rocks, alte 2600 m., Oct.—-Nov., 1940, Eizi Matuda ord (Univ. Michigan Herb., type). --Allied to V. Selerianum (Loes.) Sleumer. ARDISIA (Grephardisia) PAQUITENSIS lundell, sp. nov. Ramuli crassiusculi, glabri. Folia petiolata, petiolo marginato, ad 1.8 em. longo; lamina membranacea, glabra, in- tegra, elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, 23.5--30 om. longa, 11--15.5 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata, basi anguste- ta. Inflorescentiae glabrae, terminales, ca. 3.5 cm. longae, 1941 Lundell, Diagnoses 5 bracteae foliolaceae. Pedicelli usque ad & mm. longi. Sepala oblonga, 4.5--5 mm. longa. Petala elliptica, ca. 7 mm. lon- ga. Stamina 4 m. longa, filamentis glandulosis, ca. 1.2 mm. longis. Ovarium glabrum. -—-COSTA RICA: San José Province, low hills above Rfo Paquita, alt. 5--50 m., Aug. 15, 1936, GO. W. Dodge & V. Fe Goerger 9885 (Herb. Field Mus., No. 885,447, type). --A. paquitensis, allied to A. opegrapha Oerst., is remarkable for its large entire leaves up to 50 em. long and 13.5 om. wide, and the small inflorescence scercely 3.5 om. long. A NEW SPECIES OF PREMNA FROM THE PHILIPPINES Ee De Merrill PREMNA ATRA Merrill, sp. nov. éPremnos. Arbor parva, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra vel subglab- ra, ramis pallidis, subteretibus, ramulis brunneis, glabris vel leviter pubescentibus; foliis in sicco atris, utrinque concoloribus nitidisque, oblongo-ovatis vel late lanceolato- ovatis, integris, firmiter chartaceis, 8--15 cm. longis, 4-- 6 om. latis, sursum angustatis, longe acuminatis, basi sub- rotundatis, utrinque glabris vel supra ad costam nervosque et subtus in axillis inferioribus breviter pubescentibus; nervis primariis utrinque 5--6, perspicuis, utrinque plus minusve elevatis, plerumque pallide brunneis, laxe arcuato- anastomosantibus, reticulis primariis sublaxis, ultimis sub- obseuris, subcatervis; petiolis 1.5--4 cm. longis, supra _ gubplanis vel leviter canaliculatis, hic breviter pubescent- ibus, ceteroquin glabris; inflorescentiis terminalibus, cor- ymboso=cymosis, plerumque pedunculatis (pedunculo 1--2.5 cm. longo), 5--7 cm. longis latisque, breviter subadpresse pub- escentibus (praesertim partibus junioribus); floribus circi- ter 5 mm longis, in sicco atris, pedicellis circiter 1 mm. longis, bracteis oblongis, obtusis, circiter 2 m. longis, bracteolis brevioribus vix 1 mm. longis; calycibus subobli- quis, distincte 2-labiatis, cupuletis, glabris vel extus parcissime breviter pubescentibus, labio majore 3-lobato, minore 2-lobato, lobis late rotundatis, brevibus; corolla extus glabra, intus villosa, 2-labiata, labio inferiore 5- lobato, lobis centralibus ad 1.5 mm. longis, suborbiculari- 6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, now l ovatis, rotundatis, lateralibus paullo brevioribus, labio superiore late truncato-rotundato vel obscure retuso; ovario globoso, glabro; stylis filamentisque glabrie; fructibus im- maturis subglobosis, glabris, 4-locellatis, circiter 4 mm. diametro. PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Rizal Frovince, Mount Irig and Mount lumaten, Bur. Sei. 41873 (type, herb. Arnold Arboretum) 42171 Ramos, February and April, 1923. A species clearly belonging to the section Premos, strongly characterized by its nearly glabrous, entire, long acuminate, shining leaves, these and the inflorescences characteristically black when dry. By the cheracters of Dr. Lam's key to the Malaysian species it falls in the group with Prema benguetensis Merr., a species totally different in all respects. NOVELTIES IN THE ERIOCCAULACEAE AND VERBENACEAE Harold N. Moldenke SYNGONANTHUS VAUPESANUS Moldenke, sp. nov. Herba acaulis; foliis caespitosis reflexis mmerosis linearibus obtusis utrinque glabris nitidisques pedunculis gracillimis aggregatis bicostatis dense albido-tomentellis; vaginis glabris. Acaulescent herb; leaves basal, tufted, reflexed or. ap- pressed to the ground, numerous, linear, 1--3.35 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide at the middle, blunt at apex, glabrous and shining on both surfaces; peduncles very slender, aggrega- te, 4--6 or more per plant, 15--24 om. long, 2-costate, slightly twisted, densely white-tomentellous throughout; sheaths narrow, closely appressed, equaling or surpassing the leaves, 1.5-—-3 em. long, slightly twisted, glabrous, o- bliquely split at apex, the blade appressed and bluntish; heads hemispheric, 3--9 mm. in diameter; involucral bract- lets numerous, very conspicuous and showy, white, their margins subhyaline, obovate or oblanceolate, the outermost ones slightly stramineous, about 2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm wide, the inner ones about 4.5 mm. long and 2 m. wide, rounded at apex, more or less naviculer-cucullate, glab- rous; receptacle densely villous with tenuous translucent hairs; steminate florets: sepals 3, separate, hyaline, translucent, oblanceolate, about 2 mm. long and 0.5 m. ‘wide, rounded at apex, glabrous; petal—tube very pale- stramineous, translucent, 1.3--1.4 mm. long, glabrous, amp- liate and 3-lobed at apex, the lobes very short, rounded, ? 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 7 and involute; stamens 33; enthers white, versatile; pistill- ate florets: sepals 3, separate, broadly elliptic, 1.8--1.9 mm. long, about 0.9 mm. wide, rounded at apex, hyaline and translucent, glabrous; iggy 3, connate at apex, oblanceo- late, about 1.9 mm. long and o4 mm. wide at apex, densely pilose with long antrorse po hairs; style very short, in- fundibular-eampliate toward apex, glabrous; stigmas 5; style- appendages longer than the stigmas; ovary J-oelled, 3-seeded The type of this species was collected by José Cuatrecas- as (no. 6 at Yuruperi, alt. 220 me, about 350 km. above Mita, Vaupes, Oolombia, on September 24, 1939, and is depos- ited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. The species is obviously related to S. niveus (Bong.) Ruhl. AEGIPHILA CUATRECASASI Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor parva; ramis percrassis tetragonis adpresso-puberu- lis vel furfuraceis glabrescentibus valde medullosis; foliis oppositis permagnis; petiolis crassis densissime adpresso- puberulis; leminis chartaceis vel submembranaceis late ell- ipticis utrinque puberulento-pulverulis, ad apicem acutis vel breviter acuminatis, ad basin acuminatis. Small tree, about 5 m. tall; branches very coarse and stout, tetragonal, more or less densely appressed-puberulent or furfuraceous with very minute sordid furf, glabrous in age, marked with scattered corky elongated lenticels, very medullose with large white pith; nodes slightly flattened; principal internodes 3--5 om. long; leaves decussate-opposi- te, very lerge; leaf-scars very large, prominent, and corky; petioles stout, 3.5--5 om. long, very densely appressed- puberulent with grayish-brown hairs; blades chartaceous or submembranous, broadly elliptic, lighter and more grayish~- green beneath, 32--35 cm. long, 15--17 om. wide, acute or short-acuminate at apex, acuminate at base, entire, densely puberulent-pulverulent with very minute appressed pulveru- lence above, somewhat more conspicuously and densely puberu- lent beneath with sordid yellowish or grayish puberulence; midrib very steut, flat or slightly prominulous above, very mach rounded-prominent beneath, decreasing rapidly in diam eter as the apex is approached, censely puberulent; second- aries slender, 13--20 per side, ascending, not much arcuate except near the margins where they are arcuately joined, flat above, prominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation rath- er abundant, obscure or indiscernible above, the larger - portions slightly prominulous beneath; inflorese-nce axil- lary, glomerate, apparently borne on the older wood; flowers not seen; peduncles none; fruiting-pedicels very stout, a- bout 5 mm. long, densely furfuracevus—puberulent, verrucul- ose; fruiting-ealyx very large and incrassate, cupuliform, about 1 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, verruculose, glabrate, 8 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, noe l the rim subtruncate; fruit drupaceous, oblong, about 15 mm. long, 12--14 mm. wide, glabrous, shiny, with a conspicuous corky scar at the apex; seeds 4, elongate-oblong. The type of this remarkable species was collected by Jose Cuatrecasas (no. 8566) below Gabinete, alt. 2100—-2250 m., Quebrada del Rio Hacha, eastern slope of the Cordillera Ori- ental, Caqueta, Colombia, on March 23, 1940, and is deposit- ed in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. It is obviously related to A. Gleasonii Moldenke and A. sessil iflora Moldenke. : AEGIPHILA HAUGHTII Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex gracilis; ramlis gracilibus sparsissime pilosulis glabrescentibus; foliis oppositis; petiolis minutissime pub- erulentis vel glabris; laminis membranaceis obovatis vel ob- ovato-ellipticis longe acuminatis integris, ad basin cuneato ~attenuatis, utrinque minutissim puberulis glebrescentibus; inflorescentiis axilleribus cymosis paucifloris. Slender shrub, about 2 m. tall; branchlets slender, gray, very sparsely pilosulous on the’ nodes and younger parts, glabrous in age; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 1.5=-10 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite, usually about 2 pairs clustered near the apex of the season's growth; petio- les rather slender, 5--10 mm. long, very minutely puberulent or glabrous; blades membranous, obovate or obovate-elliptic, 11—-24 om. long, 3.7--8.3 cm. wide, rather long-acuminate at apex, entire, cuneate-attenuate at base, very minutely and obscurely puberulent on both surfaces, glabrescent in age; midrib slender, flat above, prominent beneath; secondaries slender, about 10 per side, arcuate-ascending, prominulous beneath and slightly so above, plainly anastomosing near the mergins; veinlet reticulation very abundant, slightly prom- imulous on both surfaces; inflorescence axillary, cymose; cymes solitary in the uppermost axils, 5-~6.5 om. long, 3-4 ome wide, few- (about 7-) flowered, mich shorter than the subtending leaves; peduncles very slender or subfiliform, about 53.5 cm. long, glabrous or obscurely puberulent at a- pex; pedicels filiform, 5--8 mm. long, glabrous; calyx cupu- liform, about 2.7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, glabrous, black=- ening in drying, its rim truncate and entire; corolla hypo- crateriform, white and rather showy, nigrescent in drying, ites tube slender, about & mm. long, glabrous, its lobes 5, oblong-lingulate, 4--5 mm. long, glabrous. The type of this distinctive species was collected by Oscar Haught (no. 2904) -- in whose honor it is named —— at the foot of Cerro Cimalon, alt. about 50 m., on Hacienda Vainillo, Guayas, Ecuador, on October 7, 1939, and is depos- ited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. It cannot be confused with any other species in the group. 1941 Moldenks, Novelties 9 AEGIPHILA STEINBACHII Moldenke, sp. nove Frutex vel arbor; ramlis tetragonis adpresso~puberulis; sarmentis gracilibus obtuse tetragonis densissime tomentell- 4s velutinis; foliis oppositis; petiolis gracilibus; laminis membranaceis ovatis acutis vel acuminatis integris, ad basin acutis vel subtriumcatis, supra densissime velutinis, subtus dense breviterque pubescentibus; inflorescentiis terminali- bus paniculatis; cymis multifloris. Shrub or tree, to 5 m. tall; branches tetragonal, often decussately flattened, more or less appressed-puberulent; twigs slender, obtusely tetragonal, very densely tomentell- ous with grayish-brown tomentum, velvety to touch; nodes not anmilate; principal internodes 1.5--5.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles slender, 5--8 mm. long; blades membranous, uniformly green on both surfaces or somewhat lighter beneath, ovate, 7—-12 om. long, 3--6.5 om. wide, a- cute or acuminate at apex, entire, acute or subtruncate at base, very densely velutinous with more or less subappressed multicellular hairs above, densely short-pubescent beneath with sordid-grayish hairs; inflorescence terminal, panicu- late; peduncles and rachis densely sordid-tomentellous like the branches; cymes small, abbreviated, 1.5--4 om. long, many-flowered; bractlets subulate, to 7 mm. long, densely strigose-tomentellous; pedicels very slemer, about 1 m. long, densely appressed-pubescent; calyx infundibular, 3--4 mm. long and wide, rather densely appressed=-pubescent, its rim deeply 4—-lobed, the lobes broadly triangular, about 1 mm. long, acute; corolla hypocrateriform, its tube narrow- cylindric, about 4 mm. long, glabrous, its limb 4~parted, the lobes oblong-lingulate, 2--2.5 mm. long; stamens 4, long-exserteds filaments filiform, 7--& mm. long, glabrous. The type of this species was collected by José Steinbach (no. 3168) -- in whose honor it is named — at Bosquecitos San Javier, Sara, alt. 450 m., Santa Cruz, Bolivia, on Nov- ember 16, 1916, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Thies collection was errone~ ously cited by me in Brittonia 1: 406 (1934) and Phytologia l: oho (1937) as A. mollis H.B.Ke, which has a subtruncate calyx-rim and therefore belongs to an entirely different section of the genus. It is very probable that all the other Bolivian specimens cited by me as A. mollis are also this new species and that A. mollis does not occur in Bolivia. ALOYSIA ALOYSIOIDES Loes. & Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis mediocriter gracilibus obtuse tetragonis glabris suberosis; sarmentis brevibus parce pilosis; petiol- is gracilibus parce pilosis; laminis membranaceis ovatis ob- tusis vel rotundatis, ad basin truncatia vel subtruncatis, crasse dentatis, subrevolutis, supra seabris, subtus puberu- 10 PH Y 7:0 b:0'G:i 2; Vol. 2, no. 1 lis; inflorescentiis axillaribus dense multifloris. Shrub; branches medium-slender, obtusely tetragonal, gla- brous, gray, with very large and elevated leaf-scars pro- jecting 2--3 mm. in divaricate fashion from the branches, corky; nodes not flattened nor annulate; twigs short, apar- sely pilose with scattered hairs, the nodes often rather ob- securely anmlate with a line of hairs; leaves decussate- opposite; principal internodes 1-35 om. long; petioles slender, 1-2 mm. long, sparsely scattered—pilose; blades membranous, rather uniformly light-green on both surfaces or somewhat lighter beneath, ovate, 1.5=—5 om. long, 1.5--2.5 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex, truncate or subtruncate at base or slightly prolonged into the petiole when young, coarsely dentate from almost the base to the apex with rounded broadly triangular teeth, the margins slightly revo- lute, scabrous above, densely or sparsely puberulent be- neath; midrib, secondaries, and veinlet reticulation conspi- cusus on both surfaces, subimpressed above, prominulous and dark beneath; inflorescence axillary; spikes 5--8.5 om. long, about 1 em. wide in anthesis, densely many-flowered; peduncles very slender, 2--3 om. long, rather sparsely pilose-puberulent with spreading hairs like the twigs and petioles; rachis more densely spreading-piloee; prophylla lanceolate, 2--3 mm. long, long-acuminate at apex, attenuate at base, pilose-ciliate; calyx about 1.5 mm. long and wide, very densely villous; corolla-tube about 5 mm. long, glab- rous outside, its limb about 3 mm. wide. The type of this species was collected by August Weber- bauer (no. 5206) below Surco, dept. Lima, Peru, alt. 1800 me, in February, 1909, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History at Chicago. The cheiro- nym, Lippia aloysioides Loes., appears on the label. ALOYSIA HERRERAE Moldenks, spe nove Frutex; ramulis graciusculis tetragonis glabrescentibus; petiolis gracillimis perbrevibus vel obsoletis pilosulo- puberulentis; laminis chartaceis oblongis vel oblongo-ellip- ticis acutis vel subacutis integris, ad basin acutis, supra scaberrimis, subtus scabris et dense resinoso-punctatis; in- florescentiis axillaribus terminalibusque. Shrub; branches rather slender, tetragonal, stramineous or brownish, glabrous and shiny in age, finely and very ob- scurely scattered-puberulent on the youngest parts; nodes annulate; principal internodes 2=-5.5 cm. long; twigs short and very slender; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles very slender, 1—2 mm. long or obsolete, pilosulous=puberulent; blades chartaceous, sini Ser above, lighter beneath, ob- long or oblong-elliptic, 0.9--4.5 om. long, 3--10 mm. wide, acute or subacute at apex, acute at base, entire, very scab- 1941 Moldenke, Novelties ll rous above with very short stiff bulbous~based hairs, scab- rous bensath with shorter hairs and also densely resinous- punctate; veinlet reticulation impressed above on smaller leaves, obscure on larger ones, conspicuous but flat be- neath; inflorescence axillary and terminal, the spikes abb- reviated, 7--12 mm. long, many-flowered; peduncles 1--2 mn. long, very slender, densely puberulent; calyx tubular, about 2 mme long, densely puberulent, not hirsute, its rim slight- ly flaring and triangular-toothed; corolla-tube about 4 m. long, densely short—pubescent outside, its limb about 4 m. wide. The type of this remarkable species was collected by Fortunato L. Herrera (no. 1534) -- in whose honor it is named -- at an altitude of 53000 m. in the Urubamba Valley, Peru, in July, 1927, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Field Museum at Chicago. A common name recorded by the collector is "cedronsillo". ALOYSIA LEPTOPHYLLA Loes.& Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex (7); ramis gracilibus sparsiuscule albo-hirsutis medullosis; foliis sessilibus amplexicaulibus; laminis mem branaceis ovatis ad apicem rotundatis, at basin cordatis, crasse dentatis subrevolutis utrinque plusminus hirsutis; inflorescentiis axillaribus terminalibusque dense multi- floris. Shrub (?)3 branches slender, tetragonal, rather sparsely and irregularly hirsute with white hairs, more densely so toward the apex, medullose; nodes not flattened nor anml- ate; principal internodes 3--4 cm. long, not lenticellate; leaves decussate-opposite, sessile and more or less clasping at base; blades membranous, ovate, rather uniformly green on both surfaces or somewhat lighter beneath, 2--5 cm. long, 1.5-—4 om. wide, rounded at apex, cordate at base and clasp- ing the stem, coarsely dentate from base to apex with broad- ly triangular teeth, the margins slightly revolute, more or less densely hirsute above with weak whitish bulbous—based hairs, somewhat hirsute and also more or less densely puber- ulent beneath, the larger venation often subimpressed above, prominulous beneath; inflorescence axillary and terminal; spikes 5--8 cm. long, densely many-flowered, erect or ascen- ding; peduncles very slender, 2--5 cm. long, rather densely hirsute-pubescent like the branches, often surmounted by a pair of foliaceous bracts about 1 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, dentate, sessile, hirsute; bractlets large and conspicuous, lanceolate, 5--6 mm. long, 1——-1.2 mm. wide, acuminate-atten- uate at both ends, hirsute; calyx about 3 mm. long, densely spreading—hirsute, its rim long-toothed with subulate-atten- uate teeth; corolla-tube 5--6 mm. long, entirely glabrous outside, its limb about 4 mm. in diameter. 12 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, noe l The type of this remarkable species was collected by Aug- ust Weberbauver (no. 5374) somewhere in Peru between 1909 and 1914 and is deposited in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History at Chicago. ALOYSIA MINTHIOSA Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis ramulisque grucilibus tetrazonis densely pulverulento-puberulis resinoso-granulosis; internodiis abb- reviatis; foliis sessilibus vel subsessilibuss; laminis sub- coriaceis elliptico-ovatis supra pernitidis, ad apicem obtu- sis, regulariter serrulatis subrevolutis utrinque dense pul- verulento-puberulis et resinoso-glandulosis; inflorescentiis axillaribus densissime multifloriss calyee non villoso. Shrub, with a mint-like fragrance; branches and branch- lets slender, obtusely tetragonal, more acutely so when young, densely but obscurely pulverulent-puberulent and res~ inous-granular when young, less so in age; nodes not anmle- te; principal internodes abbreviated, 5--20 mm. long; leaf- scars small but very prominent, divaricate-raised; leaves decussate-opposite, sessile or practically so; leaf=blades subcoriaceous, uniformly bright~green on both surfaces, el- liptic-ovate, very shiny above, 7--19 mm. long, 5--12 m. wide, obtuse at apex,:uniformly serrulate from almost the base to the apex with blunt and subrevolute teeth, densely but obscurely pulverulent-puberulent on both surfaces, less densely so above in age, ani resinous—glandular; midrib and vendtion somewhat impressed above, flat beneath; inflores- cence axillary, abundant, 4--13 cm. long, spicate, very densely many-flowered; peduncles and rachis very slender, densely puberulent, the former 4--15 mm. long; prophylla numerous, lanceolate, 1--1.5 mm. long, acuminate, puberu- lent; calyx about 2 mm. long, densely puberulent, not vill- ous, its rim unequally 4-lobed; corolla about 5 mm. long, its limb 4~lobed, the lobes subequal, the tube short, pubsr- ulent within; stamens 4; anthers subsessile; style terminal; stigma very minutely 2—lobed; ovary 2-celled, each cell with a single basal ovule. The type of this species was collected by J. Francis Mac- bride & Featherstone (no. 2564) in a cliff crevice, alt. ab- out 2000 feet, Yautan, Peru, on October 9, 1922, and is dep- osited in the herbarium of the Field Museum at Chicago. ALOYSIA NAHUIRE Gentry & Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramulis elongatis gracilibus debilibus fere sub- teretibus glabrescentibus; sarmentis substrigoso-puberulis; petiolis gracillimis breviter pubescentibus vel strigosia; laminis chartaceis lanceolato-ellipticis acutis vel breviter acuminatis regulariter serrulatis, ad basin acutis, supra scabris bullatis, subtus puberulis dense resinoso-punctatis. 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 13 Very slender shrub, 1--4 m. tall, with licorice-like od- or; branches elongate, slender, weak, very obscurely tetrag- onal or almost subterete, glabrous in age; twigs substrigose -puberulent; leaf-scars large, concave, corky, rather prom inent on the branches; nodes not annulate nor flattened; principal internodes 1--5.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-oppo- site; petioles very slender, 2--6 mm. long, short-pubescent or strigose; blades chartaceous, bright-green on both surf- aces, lanceolate-elliptic, 3--12.5 cm. long, 1.2--3.7 cme wide, acute or short~acuminate at apex, acute at base, regu- larly serrulate from almost the base to the apex, scabrous above with very minute whitish bulbous-based hairs and bull- ate, puberulent and densely resinous—punctate beneath; mid- rib, secondaries, and veinlet reticulation deeply impressed above, prominent beneath; inflorescence axillary, nutant, 53--4.5 om. long, densely many-flowered, hop-like; peduncles filiform, densely strigose-puberulent; rachis densely spreading-puberulent; bracts foliaceous, hop-like, elliptic, about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, acute or short-acuminate at apex, rounded at base, densely silky-pubescent with long ap- pressed whitish hairs, very conspicuous; calyx about 2.5 mm. long, very densely hirsute; corolla-tube very slender, about 5 mm. long, sparsely spreading-pilose outside, ite limb ab- out 3.4 mm. wide. The type of this remarkable species was collected by HKaw- ard Scott Gentry (no. 5721) in Croton Monte, in a coastal thorn forest, Cerro Tecomate, west of Pericos, alt. 100 feet, Sinaloa, Mexico, on February 27, 1930, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Tea is made locally from the foliage and the vernacular name is "nahuire". CARYOPTERIS INCANA var. BRACHYODONTA (Hand.—Mazz.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Qaryopteris tangutica var. brachyodonta Hand.—Mazz., Acta Hort. Goth. 9: 68. 1934. CITHAREXYLUM DRYANDERAE Moldenke, Spe nNOVe Arbor; ramlis crassis acute tetragonis densiuscule far- inaceo-puberulis; foliis oppositiss; petiolis crassiusculis densiuscule farinaceo-puberulis in sicco corrugatis; laminis coriaceis ellipticis acutis integris, ad basin plerumque ac~- utis, supra glabris et nitidis, subtuse densely adpresso- tomentellis, ad basin biglandulosis; inflorescentiis racemo- so-spicatis multifloris, rhachide dense adpresso-furfuraceo. Tree, about 5 m. tall; branchlets stout, acutely tetrag- onal, rather densely farinaceous—puberulent with sordid- brownish furf; nodes flattened, not annulate; leaf-scars very large, ampliate, corky; principal internodes 2--5 cm. ¢ “14 .° EY 2 Orso eile Vole 2, noe 1 long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles stoutish, 3--4.5 cme long, rather densely farinaceous-puberulent like the branchlets, wrinkled-striate in drying, ampliate at base; blades coriaceous, gray-green and shiny above, yellow-green — beneath, elliptic, 11--19 om. long, 35--7 cm. wide, acute at apex, entire, usually acute (sometimes rounded) at base, glabrous above, densely appressed-tomentellous or furfurace- ous with yellowish furf beneath, bearing two large and prom inent glands parallel to the petiole at the very base; mid- rib stout, impressed above, very prominent beneath; second- aries slender, 10-—-15 per side, arcuate-ascending, flat and rather inconspicuous above, very prominent and glabrous be- neath; veinlet reticulation abundant, flat and often rather inconspicuous above, the larger portions promimulous and glabrous beneath; inflorescence racemose-subspicate, 6-14 em. long, many-flowered, solitary in the upper axils, erect; flowers not seen; fruiting peduncles stout, 1--2.5 om. long, more or less densely appressed-furfuraceous; rachis in fruit stout and wrinkled-striate, densely appressed-furfura- ceous with brownish furf; fruiting-pedicels stout and in- crassate, about 1 mm. long or less, densely appressed-furf- uraceous; fruiting-calyx indurated, 5--6 mm. long, 9-—-10 m. wide, venose, glabrate, the rim irregularly lobed; fruit drupaceous, fleshy, oblong-elliptic, 7--12 mm. long, 5--9 mn. wide, glabrous, shiny, red. The type of this species was collected by Editha Dryander (no. 2362) -- in whose honor it is named -—- at an altitude of 2000 m. in El Valle, Colombia, in May, 1939, and is dep- osited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington CITHAREXYLUM ROSEI var. DURANGENSIS Moldenke, var. nove Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit foliis minu- te obscureque puberulis, pilis brevissimis adpressis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves only very minutely and obscurely puber= ulent on both surfaces with very short appressed grayish hairs. The type of this variety was collected by Forrest Shreve (no. 9123) on outwash plains near Pasaje, alt. 4650 feet, Durango, Mexico, on August 23, 1939, and is deposited in his herbarium at Tucson, Arizona. He describes the plant as a shrub 6 feet tall, with its mature fruit red in color. CITHAREXYLUM STEYERMARKII Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis tetragonis brunneis glabris nitidis; sarm- entis mimte puberulis; laminis maturis subcoriaceis ellip- ticis, acuminatis integris, ad basin acutis vel acuminatis, utrinque glabris vel obscure pulverulento-punctatis; in- florescentiis terminalibus racemiformibus dense mulfifloris. 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 15 Shrub, to 10 feet tall; branches tetragonal, brownish, glabrous, medium-slender, shiny; youngest twigs minutely puberulent; nodes annulate; principal internodes 1.5--10.5 em. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles stout, 5--18 mm. long, glabrous; leaf-secars large, corky, prominent, di- vergent, 3--4 mm. long; blades chartaceous when young, sub- coriaceous when mature ("firmly membranaceous" according to the collector), elliptic, 6--18 om. long, 2--7.8 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, entire, often slightly undulate along the margins, acute or acuminate at base, glabrous or very mim- tely and obscurely pulverulent-punctate on both surfaces, very minutely and obscurely short-puberulent along the mid- rib above; midrib slender, flat or subimpressed above, very prominent beneath; secondaries slender, 7 or & per side, ar- cuate-ascending, flat or subprominulous above, very sharply prominent beneath, joined in many loops near or at the marg- ins beneath; veinlet reticulation very abundant, conspicu- ously promimuleus above, sharply prominulous beneath; in- florescence terminal, racemiform; racemes simple or the large ones branched at base, 6--15 cm. long, densely many- flowered; peduncles (2—2.5 cm. long) and rachis slender, minutely puberulent; pedicels very slender, 1-2 mm. long, puberulent, in fruit to 5 mm. long and glabrescent; calyx camparnulate, about 3 mm. long and wide, light, very shiny, glabrous, the rim truncate and entire, short-ciliolate; corolla hypocrateriform, sweet-scented, its tube 5 mm. long, its lobes spreading, slightly squarrose, densely pub=- escent within; fruiting-calyx slightly indurated, cupuli- form, about 3 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, glabrous, light- colored, very shiny, its rim entire and truncate; immature fruit subglobose, about 5 mm. long and wide, glabrous, shi ° ° The type of this species was collected by Julian A. Stey- ermark (no. 31,453) on shaded cloud-forest slopes on top of Volcan Quezaltepeque, 3--4 miles northeast of Quezaltepeque at an altitude of 1500--2000 m., Chiquimla, Guatemala, on November 8, 1939, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Field Museum at Chicago. The type is in fruit. An isotype at Chicago is in anthesis and is remarkable in having mech lar- ger and thinner leaves, only chartaceous in texture and to 18 cm. long and 7.8 om. wide. The type has ite leaves sub- coriaceous in texture and only 4.5--11.5 om. long and 1.8-- 4.2 om. wide. CITHAREXYLUM VALLENSE Moldenke, sp» nove Arbor; ramulis percrassis acute tetragonis marginatis dense puberulo—farinosis glabresocentibus; foliis oppositis; petiolis crassis pulverulentomfarinosis glabrescentibus; laminis coriaceis ovatis acutis vel breviter acuminatis in- tegris, ad basin acutis, utrinque sparsissime pulverulentis glabrescentibus, ad basin biglandulosis; inflorescentiis ax- illaribus spicatis dnese multifloris; rhachide percrasso. Tree, to 8 m. tall; branchlets very coarse and heavy, sharply tetragonal, decussately flattened and ampliate at the nodes, margined, densely pulverulent-farinose when young, glabrescent in age; nodes plainly annulate with a circumferential ridge; principal internodes 5-—-6 cme long (at tips of branchlets); leaves decussate-opposite; petioles heavy, about 5 cm. long, pulverulent-farinose, glabrescent in age; blades coriaceous, dark-green above, lighter be- neath, ovate, about 30 cm. long, 10--12 om. wide, acute or short-acuminate at apex, entire, acute at base and there bearing 2 large black glands parallel to the midrib, very sparsely pulverulent along the midrib and larger veins on both surfaces, glabrescent in age; midrib heavy, flat or subimpressed above, very prominent beneath; secondaries slender, about 15 per side, flat above, sharply prominent beneath, arcuate-ascending, conspicuously joined in many loops near the margins; veinlet reticulation obscure or in- discernible above, prominulous beneath; inflorescence spic- ate, axillary, 8-15 om. long, densely many-flowered; pedun- cles (1--2 om. long) and rachis very stout, very densely furfuraceous with sordid grayish or buff-colored furf, less densely so in ages pedicels obsolete; prophylla tiny, scale- like, 1--1.5 mm. long, densely furfuraceous or pulverulent- farinose; calyx tubular, heavy and coriaceous, 6--S mm. long, 4-5 m. wide, densely furfuraceous-farinose with sor- did grayish or buff-colored furf; corolla white, barely pro- truding from the calyx, its limb Sparted, the lobes ellip- tic-lingulate, about 3 mm. long, densely pilose at base. The type of this species was collected by Ellsworth Paine Killip and Hernando Garcfa y Barriga (no. 33,940) in a dense forest, San Antonio, west of Cali, near the summit of the Cordillera Occidental, alte 1900--2350 m., between February 26 and March 2, 1939, and is deposited in the Britton Herb- arium at the New York Botanical Garden. DURANTA MACRODONTA Moldenks, sp. nove Frutex; ramis gracilibus inermis plusmimus tetragonis breciter adpresso-pubescentibus medullosis; foliis opposit- is; petiolis gracillimis submrrginatis dense adpresso-pubes— centibus vel strigosis; laminis membranaceis ovatis vel sub- rotundis, ad basin et apicem breviter acuminatis, crasse dentatis, utrinque sparsissime pilosulis; inflorescentiis paniculatis foliosis multifloris. Shrub, 4~—5 feet talls branches slender, unarmed, more or less tetragonal, the younger parts decussately flattened at the nodes, shortly appressed-pubescent with sordid-grayish 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 17 hairs, corky-lehticellate, brunnescent, medullose; nodes not annulate, flattened; buds very densely villous-pubescent with sordid-canescent hair; leaves decussate-opposite; peti- oles very slender, 4--6 m. long, deeply canaliculate above, submargined, densely appressed-pubescent or strigose with sordid-canescent hair; blades membranous, uniformly dark= green on both surfaces, brunnescent in drying, ovate or the youngest subrotund, 2--5.8 om. long, 1--4.8 cm. wide, short= acuminate at apex and base, coarsely dentate with broadly triangularteeth from below the middle to the base of the terminal acumination, very sparsely and obscurely pilosulous on both surfaces with widely scattered hairs, more densely so on the midrib; inflorescence supra-axillary and terminal, the supre-exillary ones aggregated near the tips of the brenches, forming a loose and leafy terminal panicle; race- mes 9--18 cm. long, about 2 em. wide, rather densely many- flowered, not secund, erect or recurved; peduncle slender, 1=-2.5 om. long, brunnescent, more or less appressed-pilose like the branches; rachis similar, but more densely apprese~ ed-pilose with sordid-canescent hairs; bracts often leafy, 1--6 at the base of the racemes, ovate, 5-15 m. long, acu- minate at apex and base, stipitate, pilosulous; prophylla linear-setaceous, 3--5 mm. long, densely strigose, persist- ent, conspicuous; pedicels about 2 mm. long, densely canes- cent-pubescent; calyx tubular—campanulate, about 3 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide at the apex, uniform, densely strigose with sordid-canescent hairs like the branches and rachis, its rim long-apiculate, the apiculations 1 mm. long and densely strigose, erect; corolla blue, its tube about 5 mm. long, very densely puberulent above the calyx, its limb about l om. wide. The type of this species was collected by Mohamed Nur bin Mohamed Ghose in the Botanic Gardens at Singapore, Federated Malay States, on October 21, 1924, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Bailey Hortorium at Ithaca. It was cultiva-~ ted under the name of "Duranta plumieri Jacq." DURANTA REPENS var. GRANDIFLORA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit floribus majoribus, corollae limbo usque ad 1.8 cm. diametro. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its larger flowers, the corolla-limb being to 1.8 cm. wide, its margins more or less crisped. The type of this variety was collected by Frank F. Gander in cultivation at 4681 50th Street, San Diego, California, on May 28, 1936, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Bailey Hortorium at Ithaca. Dr. Bailey states that the flow- ers of this variety may attain a diameter of 3/4 inch (app- roximately 2 com.). They are violet-blue in color. 18 mAs PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, no. l DURANTA SPRUCEIL var. COLOMBIENSIS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit calyce levi- ter puberulo vel strigilloso. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its calyx being only lightly puberulent or strigillose. The type of this variety was collected by Brother Alberto [Apolinar-Marfa 263] at San Pedro, Antioquia, Colombia, on July 25, 1938, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History at Chicago. LANTANA CAMARA ver. HYBRIDA (Neubert) Moldenke, comb. nov. Lantana hybrida Neubert, Deutsch. Gart. Mag. 10: 98. 1857; Lantana chrysantha Schmdger ex Neubert, loc. cit., in syne This is the dwarf yellow-flowered garden form. LANTANA CAMARA var. MULTIFLORA (Otto & Dietr.) Moldenke, combe nOVe Lantana multiflora Otto & Dietr., Allg. Gartenz. 9: 370. 1841. LANTANA SCANDENS Moldenke, spe nov. Frutex alto-volubilis; ramis gracilibus inermis acutius- cule tetragonis hirsutulis; foliis oppositis nigrescentibus; petiolis gracillimis glanduloso=punctatis hirsutulis; lamin- is membranaceis ovatis breviter acuminatis, ad basin acutis, regulariter arguteque serratia utrinque plusminus strigoso- pilosis, maturitate supra scabris. High-climbing vine; stems slender, unarmed, rather acute- ly tetragonal, more or less abundantly hirsutulous with stiff spreading short hairs and with shorter gland-tipped hairs beneath; nodes annulate, usually marked with a denser band of long-hirsute hairs; principal internodes 1.5--7.8 em. long; leaves decussate-opposite, nigrescent in drying; petioles very slender, 4--6 mm. long, glandular-punctate and rather abundantly hirsutulous; blades membranous, ovate, 3.5 --7 cm. long, 1.6--4.3 cm. wide, short~-acuminate at apex, a- cute at base and often somewhat prolonged into the petiole, regularly sharp~serrate from the apex almost to the base, scattered strigose-pilose along the larger venation beneath, more uniformly so on the lamina above with bulbous-based hairs, causing the mature leaves to be quite scabrous above; midrib very slender; secondaries very slender, about 7 pairs inflorescence axillary, capitate; peduncles very slender, 1.5--6 cm. long, very sparsely hirsutulous with scattered white hairs and more abundantly pilosulous with much shorter gland-tipped hairs; heads hemispheric, 1--2.5 cm. wide, many-flowered; bractlets rather large, often foliaceous, ac- ute, variable in size and shape, the inner ones lanceolate, 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 19 4--5 mm. long, the outer ones spatulate or elliptic, to 10 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, more or less strigillose on both surfaces; corolla "red and yellow or all red or all yellow", its tube about 10 mm. long, very narrow, dense ly puberulent outside, its limb 5--6 m. wide. The type of this species was collected by George B. Hint- on (no. 12,315) at Villa Victoria, Pto de Aire, alt. 1480 Mey Coalcomen, Michoacan, Mexico, on October 3, 1938, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The species is obviously closely related to L. Cama- ra L. of the West Indies, but differs in being a high- climbing vine and in its very thin nigrescent leaves, gland- ular pubescence, and foliaceous bractlets. LIPPIA ANTAICA Loes. & Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis gracilibus strictis virgatis acute tetrag- onis adpresso-puberulis; foliis parvis; petiolis parvissimis vel obsoletis; laminis firme charteceis vel subcoriaceis flabelliformibus vel subrotundis (juventute obovatis), ad apicem rotundatis, ad basin maturitate truncatis vel sub- truncatis (juventute subcuneatis), reguleriter crenato~ serratis revolutis, supra scaberrimis bullatis, subtus dense pubescentibus. Shrub; branches slender, apparently strict and virgate, acutely tetragonal, brownish, appressed-puberulent through- out; principal internodes 2--45 cm. long; nodes nct annulate; leaves decussate-opposite, small; petioles very slender, 1l-- 2 mm. long or obsolete, densely short-pubescent; blades firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous (when mature), flabelli- form or subrotund, obovate when immature, to abouy 2 cm. long and wide when mature, with numerous smaller thinner and more obovate ones in their axils, rounded at apex, subtrunc- ate or truncate at base (the immature and smaller ones acute or subcuneate at base), regularly and uniformly crenate- serrate from base to apex with rounded teeth, the margins revolute, very scabrous and bullate above, puberulent on the venation, densely pubescent over the entire surface beneath; midrib, secondaries, and veinlet reticulation deeply impres- sed above, the larger parts prominent beneath; inflorescence axillary, a pair at each node, capitate; peduncles very slender, erect, 5--10 mm. long, densely appressed-puberulent with greyish hair like the branches; heads densely many- flowered, about 8 mm. long and 10 mm. wide; bracts ovate, 2.5--3 mm. long, subacute at apex, densely short—pubescent; corolla 4—-5 mm. long, its limb about 3 mm. wide. The type of this species was collected by August Weber- beaver (no. 5918) somewhere in Peru between 1909 and 1914, and is deposited in the herberium of the Field Museum at Chicago. It is most unfortunate that the label on the type 20 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, noe lL specimen does not give the exact place and date of collec- tion, but it was probably in the neighborhood of Ante in Cuzcoe LIPPIA FRANCENSIS Moldenke, spe nove Frutex (7); ramis ut videtur simplicibus rectis gracilib- us acutiuscule tetrahonis dense hirsutis glanduliferis velu- tinis; foliis oppositis; petiolis gracilibus dense albo- hirsutis; laminis coriaceis elliptico-subrotundis ad basin et apicem rotundatis regulariter serratis utrinque dense hirsutis subvelutinisque, subtus dense resinoso-punctatis. Shrubby (7); stems apparently simple, erect, slender, rather acutely tetragonal, densely hirsute with stiff whit- ish hairs and shorter gland—-tipped hairs, velutinous to touch; nodes anmlate with a band of denser hirsute hairs; principal internodes 1--4.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-oppo- site; petioles slender, 2--5 mm. long, densely white-hirsu- te; blades coriaceous, elliptio-subrotund, somewhat lighter beneath, 1.2--4 em. long, 1--2.8 cm. wide, rounded at apex and base, regularly serrate from the apex almost to the base with rounded revolute-margined teeth, densely hirsute on both surfaces, subvelutinous and densely resinous-punctate beneath; midrib, secondaries, and veinlet reticulation deep- ly impressed above, very prominent beneath; secondaries 5 or 6 per side, ascending, not much arcuate; inflorescence axil- lary, borne at the tips of the stems, usually 2 pairs, capi- tate; peduncles very slender, 0.8-—3.5 om. long, very dense- ly hirsutulous with stiff white gland-tipped hairs; heads hemispheric, about 2 cm. in diameter, many-flowered; bracts large, foliaceous, red, ovate, to about 10 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, blunt at apex, densely pubescent with short silky mostly gland-tipped hairs, ciliate-margined; corolla yellow. The type of this handsome species was collected by Guil- herme Gehrt [Herb. Inst. Biol. S& Paulo 4037] in fields at Franca, Sao Paulo, Brazil, on April 11, 1920, and is depos- ited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Gar- den. It was originally distributed as L. lupulina Cham., to which the species is closely related. LIPPIA PINETORUM Moldenke, sp. nove Frutex; ramulis graciusculis obtuse tetragonis obsolete pilosis vel glabrescentibus; sermentis nigrescentibus pilos- ie; petiolis gracilibus piloso-hirsutulis; laminis chartace- is brunnescentibus ellipticis acutis vel obtusis, ad basin acutis vel subacuminatis, regulariter serratis revolutis, supra bullatis et scabris et hirsutulis, subtus sparse pilo- sis; inflorescentiis axillaribus perspicue involucratis. Shrub; branchlets rather slender, obtusely tetragonal, grayish, obsoletely scattered-pilose or glabrescent; twigs 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 21 nigrescent in drying, more abundantly pilose with scattered short spreading hairs; nodes annulate; principal internodes 2--6 om. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles slender, 5--10 mm. long, sparsely or rather densely pilose-hirsutul- ous with stiff spreading hairs; blades chartaceous, dark- green above, lighter beneath, brunnescent in drying, ellip- tic, 2--7.5 cm. long, 1.6-—4 om. wide, acute or obtuse at a- pex, acute or subacuminate at base, regularly serrate from apex almost to base with blunt revolute-margined teeth, bul- late and scabrous above, rather abundantly hirsutulous with bulbous—based whitish hairs above, very sparsely and obscu- rely pilose beneath; the slender midrib and 4--7 arcuate- ascending secondaries impressed above, sharply prominent be- neath; veinlet reticulation abundant, subimpressed above, prominulous beneath; inflorescence simple, axillary, borne at the tips of the twigs, capitate, conspicuously involucra- te, about equaling or shorter than the subtending leaves; peduncles very slender, 1--2 cm. long, densely hirsutulous and brownish~pubescent with gland-tipped hairs; heads 5--17 mn. in diameter; involucral bractlets large and foliaceous, ovate, to & m. long and 5 mm. wide, acute at apex, densely short=pubescent with brownish gland-tipped hairs and scattered-hirsutulous with longer white hairs. The type of this species was collected by Eizi Matuda (no. 3925) in pine land, Mt. Ovando, Chiapas, Mexico, be- tween November 14 and 18, 1939, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. It was originally distributed as L. cardiostegia Benth., to which the species is obviously related. LIPPIA TAYACAJANA Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis gracilibus tetragonis costatis, juventute dense breviterque pubescentibus, senectute glabrescentibus; internodiis valde abbreviatis; petiolis brevissimis vel ob- soletis; laminis firme chartaceis oblanceolato-ellipticis, ad apicem rotundatis vel acutis, ad basin cunsato-attenuat- is, revolutis serratis, supra scabris substrigosis, subtus dense tomentellis. Shrub, about 1 m. tall; branches slender, tetragonal, ribbed, densely short—pubescent when young, glabrescent in age and then with peeling shreddy bark, brown, somewhat twiggy below; nodes not annulate; principal internodes much abbreviated, 1--3 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; twigs very short, leafy; petioles slender, 1--2 mm. long and densely short-pubescent or obsolete; blades firmly chartaceous, uniformly gray~green on both surfaces, oblanc- eolate-elliptic, 0.8--1.9 cm. long, 3--9 mm. wide, rounded or acute at apex, cuneate-attenuate at base, revolute along the margins and serrate from about the middle to the apex, 22 PHT? 0-50 G2 Vol. 2, noe l - geabrous and substrigose above, densely tomentellous be- neath; midrib and slender secondaries deeply impressed ab- ove, very prominent beneath; inflorescence axillary, solit- ary in each axil, 1--1.5 cm. long, capitate, rather few- or submany~flowered; peduncles very slender or filiform, 10--12 mm. long, densely appressed-pubescent with antrorse canes cent or yellowish hairs; heads small, about 5 mm. long and wide; bractlets lanceolate, about 4 m. long and 1.5 mm. wide, densely appressed-strigose—pubescent, sharply acute; corolla about 5 mm. long, its limb about 2 mm. wide. The type of this species wae collected by August Weber- bauer (no. 6510) in the valley of the Mantaro, northeast of Pampas, prov. Tayacaja, dept. Huancavelica, Peru, at an alt- itude of 1800—-1900 m., in March, 19135, and is deposited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. The species is related to L. ferruginea H.BeK. PHYLA NODIFLORA var. LONGIFOLIA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typical speciei recedit foliis val- de elongatis oblanceolato-cuneatis usque ad 5.5 cm. longis et 10 mm. latis, versus apicem argute patento-dentatis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its much more uniformly elongate leaves, the blades being oblanceolate-cuneate, to 5.5 cm. long, 4--10 mm. wide, and sharply spreading-dentate toward the apex. The type of this variety was collected by T. G. Yuncker, Je Me Koepper, and K. A. Warner (no. 8327) in sandy soil on the beach at Salado, in the vicinity of La Ceiba, Atlantida, Honduras, on July 10, 1938, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. PHYLA NODIFLORA var. ROSEA (D. Don) Moldenke, comb. nov. Zappania nodiflora var. rosea De Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 6: pl. 2256 1834. STACHYTARPHETA SCHAUERII Moldenke, nome nove Stachyterpheta villosa (Pohl) Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 570. 1847 [not S. villosa Oham., Linnsea 7: 247. 1832] -- Melasanthus villosus Pohl, Pl. Bras. Ic. 1: 76, pl. 60. 1827. VERBENA BAJACALIFORNICA Moldenke, spe nove Herba annua; remis rectis simplicibus vel pauci-brachiat- is obtuse tetragonis sparse hirsutulis glabrescentibus; pet- iolis gracillimis dense vel sparse hirsutulis submarginatis; laminis chartaceis ovatis pinnatifido-incisis vel obscure 3- partitis subrevolutis utrinque sparse hirsutulo-pilosis. Annual herb; stems erect, simple or sparsely branched, 8--15 om. long, obtusely tetragonal, sparsely hirsutulous 1941 | Moldenke, Novelties 23 with mostly scattered, stiff, whitish, non-glandular hairs about 1 mm. long, glabrescent in age, sometimes decumbent at the very base and throwing out roots from the lower nodes; leaves decussate-opposite, petiolate; petioles distinct, very slender, 1--10 mm. long, densely or sparsely hirsutul- ous with stiff, white, nomglandular hairs like the stems, slightly margined; blades chartaceous, uniformly green on both surfaces, ovate in outline, 0.8--2.7 om. long, 0.41.8 em. wide, sparsely hirsutulous—pilose with rather short and subappressed whitish hairs on both surfaces, more densely so along the midrib and larger veins beneath, abundantly pinna~ tifid-incised, sometimes obscurely 3—parted with the divis- ions again abundantly pinnatifid-incised, the lobes rounded, subrevolute along the margins; inflorescence erect, long- pedunculate, 5--15 or more cm. long; peduncles slender, ob- tusely tetragonal, 2--6.5 cm. long, sparsely hirsutulous- pilose with rather scattered nom-glanduler whitish hairs; rachis densely many-flowered, more densely hirsutulous, not glandular, the flowers close together and densely imbricate before, during, and even after anthesis or the 2 or 3 lower- most to 5 mm. apart in fruit; bractlets very small, lanceol- ate, 2--5 mm. long, about half the length of the calyx, att- enuate at apex, glabrate except for the long-cilisate margin; oalyx tubular, 4--5 mm. long, irregularly short-pubescent with whitish spreading hairs, obscurely (if at all) glandul- ar; corolla 7--8 mm. long, slightly projecting from the cal- yx, its tube slightly puberulent at apex outside, its limb about 4 mm. wide. The type of this species was collected by Forrest Shreve (no. p69) eighteen miles north of El Refugio, Baja Califor- nia, Mexico,on March 16, 1935, and is deposited in the herb- arium of the University of Michigan. It is closely related to V. Shrevei Moldenke, but differs in its ovate abundantly incised=pinnatifid leaves, sparser non-glandular pubescence on stems and peduncles, densely flowered spikes with closely imnrivate flowers even after anthesis, and very short non- glandulose bractlets. VERBENA CLOVERI var. LILACINA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit rhachide calycibusque bracteolisque brevissime pubescentibus, pilis glanduliferis, et corollis lilacinis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its much shorter and densely glandular pubescence on the rachis, calyx, and bractlets and in its lavender (instead of purple) corollas. The type of this handsome variety was collected by Cyrus Longworth Lundell and Amelia A. Lundell (no. 10,142) off U. S. Highway 81 near Millett, La Salle County, Texas, on April 24 PHYTOLOGIA : Vol. 2, now. l 9, 1941, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. VERBENA LUNDELLIORUM Moldenks, sp. nov. Herba; ramis gracilibus obtuse tetragonis albido-hirsutu- lis; petiolis 5--10 mm. longis valde hirsutulis submarginat- is; laminis ovatis acutis, ad basin subtruncatis et in peti- olum subprolongatis, ad marginem crasse et irregulariter in- ciso-dentatis, utrinque sparse adpresso-pilosis, pilis albi- dis; inflorescentiis spicatis abbreviatis dense multifloris; pedunculis acute tetragonis valde hirsutulis; bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis ca. 6 mm. longis dense puberulis, ad marginem longe ciliatis. Herb, about 18 inches tall; stems slender, obtusely tet~ ragonal, rather abundantly hirsutulous with stiff white hairs about 1 mm. long; branches numerous, very slender, e- rect or ascending, obtusely tetragonal, more densely hirsut- ulous; leaves decussate-opposite, numerous; petioles very slender, 5--10 mm. long, abundantly hirsutulous like the branches, slightly margined; blades thin-chartaceous or mem branous, ovate, somewhat lighter=—green beneath, 1.1--3.5 om. long, 7-22 mm. wide, acute at apex, subtruncate at base and slightly prolonged into the petiole at the center, coarsely and irregularly incised-dentate along the margins with blunt er subacute teeth, sparsely scattered-pilose on both surf- aces with appressed whitish hairs; inflorescence spicsate, abbreviated, 2--6 cm. long, densely many-flowered, the flow- ers closely imbricate before and during anthesis, somewhat more separated in fruit; peduncles (8-30 mm. long) and ra- chis very slender or filiform, more acutely tetragonal, ab- undantly hirsutulous like the branches, often with shorter glandular hairs interspersed; bractlets linear-lanceolate, about 6 mm. long, slightly shorter or longer than the calyx, densely puberulent, long-ciliate along the margins with stiff white hairs; calyx tubular, swollen, 5--6 mm. long, somewhat puberulent and also sparsely hirsutulous with long=- er white hairs, not glandular; corolla small, inconspicuous, barely protruding from the calyx, about 7 mm. long, purple, its limb about 2 mm. wide. The type of this curious woodland species was collected by C. L. Lundell and A. A. Iundell (no. 8698) -- in whose joint honor it is named -- in a clearing at the Palm Grove, south of Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas, on May 4, 1940, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. VERBENA PLICATA var. DEGENERI Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit bracteolis firmis rigidis late ovatis usque ad 9 mm. longis et 6 mm. 1941. Moldenke, Novelties 25 latis stramineis siccis abruptissime longeque acuminatis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its bractlets being very firm and rigid, broadly ovate, dry, stramineous, to 9 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, and very ab- ruptly long-acuminate. .The type of this desert variety was collected by my good friend and co-worker, Otto Degener (no. 5184), near Fort Stockton, Pecos County; Texas, on August 2, 1953, and is de- posited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. It affords me exceptional pleasure to dedicate this variety to so careful and indefatigable a botanical collect- or, whose monumental "Flora Hawaliensis" is one of the most important and valuable floras now being written. _ VERBENA RUNYONI Moldenks, sp. nov. Herba alta anrmma; caulis reotis crassiusculis argute tet- ragonis sparse hirsutulis glabrescentibus; foliis sessilibus amplexicaulibus plusminus tripartitie, segmentis pinnatifido =incisis, utrinque valde albido-hirsutulus, pilis bulbosis deciduis, laminis senectute scabris; inflorescentiis spicat- is compositis, ramis gracilibus rectis densiuscule miltiflo- ris, floribus densissime imbricatis; pedunculis rhachideque gracilibus argute tetragonis patento-pilosis vel breviter pubescentibus, pilis glandulosis brevissimis. Tall annual herb; stems erect, green, rather stout, sharp ly tetragonal, sparsely hirsutulous with short whitish di- vergent hairs especially on the angles and at the nodes, glabrescent in age, more or less scabrellous on the angles; internodes elongated; leaves decussate-opposite, sessile, clasping, 2~--6 om. long, 0.8--3 cm. wide, more or less 3- parted, each division pinnatifid-incised with broad acute teeth, abundantly hirsutulous on both’ surfaces with rather short whitish hairs which are bulbous~based on the upper surface and wear off there, leaving the upper surface scab- rous on older leaves; inflorescence spicate, compound, the branches slender, erect, 14--25 cm. long, rather closely many-flowered, often bearing 1——3 pairs of much reduced leaves near the base, the flowers with a faint odor, very densely imbricate before and during anthesis, rather uni- formly separated in fruit; peduncles (2--6 cm. long) and re- chis slender, sharply tetragonal, rather densely or sparse- ly spreading-pilose or -pubescent, glandular, the pubescence very short; bractlets linear-lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, equaling the calyx, sharply attenuate, rather sparsely pub- erulent and glandular, the margins sparsely and irregularly ciliolate toward the base; calyx tubular, about 3 mm. long, glandular-pilose with short spreading hairs; corolla blue, about 6 mm. long, its tube puberulent at the apex outside, its limb about 4 mm. wide. 26 | PHYTO,GeLE sz Vol. 2, now l The type of this hitherto neglected species was collected by my good friend, Robert Runyon (no. 2485) in clay soil at 10 m. altitude in open moist ground and ditches, El Jardin tract, Cameron County, Texas, on April 2, 1941, and is dep- osited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. It is with considerable satisfaction that I dedicate this fine species to Mr. Runyon, who has done such note- worthy work in botanizing so thuroughly the region of Camer- on and Hidalgo Counties, Texas, and in collecting such ample and excellent material to substantiate his records through the years. Museum and herbarium workers are deeply indebted to field workers like this, to whom so mich of the credit in the discovery of novelties is due. The species is related to and has hitherto been confused with V. xutha Lehm., which differs notably in its dense long-strigose or hirsute non=- glandular pubescence throughout, especially on the bractlets and calyx, and which inhabits dry instead of uniformly moist ground. VERBENA SHREVEL Moldenks, sp. nov. Herba annua; ramis decumbentibus gracilibus obtuse tetra- gonis dense patento-pubescentibus; foliis petiolatis vel subsessilibus; petiolis marginatis dense hirsutulis vel pat- ento=pubescentibus; laminis chartaceis ellipticis utrinque dense strigosis plerumque plusminus tripartitis, partibus pauce inciso-lobatis, lobis rotundatis. Anmal herb; stems decumbent at base, slender, obtusely tetragonal, more or less densely spreading-pubescent with whitish often glandular hairs, often many=branched with er- ect or ascending branches, which are usually somewhat more densely spreading=-pubescent; leaves decussate-opposite, pet- iolate (or the uppermost subsessile); petioles very slender, 1--10 mm. long, more or less winged, densely hirsutulous or spreading-pubescent; blades chartaceous, rather uniformly green on both surfaces, elliptic in outline, 1=-2 cm. long, 9--17 mm. wide, rather densely strigose on both surfaces, usually more or less 3—parted, the divisions sparingly in- cised-lobed, the lobes rounded at apex; inflorescence spic- ate, elongating to 10 cm. or more, densely many-flowered, the rachis elongating even during anthesis and thus separat- ing the individual flowers by 4——13 mm. toward the base of the spike; peduncles (1--4 cm. long) and rachis slender, ob- tusely tetragonal, densely spreading-pubescent or hirsutul- ous with whitish often glandular hairs; bractlets lanceola- te, about 4 mm. long, shorter than the calyx, attenuate at apex, densely glandular=pubescent on the back, densely long- ciliate with longer stiff white non-glandular hairs on the margins; caiyx tubular, 5--6 mm. long, rather densely gland- ular-pubescent and also more or less scattered white-hirsut- 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 27 ulous; corolla small, 7--8 mm. long, slightly projecting from the calyx, its tube minutely puberulent at the apex outside, its limb about 4 mm. wide. The type of this speoies was collected by my esteemed friend, Dr. Forrest Shreve (no. 7119) -- in whose honor it is named -- at an elevation of 1900 feet, 19 miles northeast of Oomondén, Baja California, Mexico, on March 16, 1935, and is deposited in his herbarium at Tucson, Arizona. It has hitherto been confused with V. pumila Rydb. VERBENA GENTRYI Moldenke, sp. nov. Herba perennis ramulosa; ramis graciusculis tetragonis sparsissime pilosis vel glabris; petiolis indistinctis et alatis vel obsoletis; laminis chartaceis ellipticis acutis, ad basin cuneatis, regulariter arguteque serratis utrinque adpresso-sirigillosis non scabris. "Low spreading bush, branched from base"; branches rather slender, tetragonal, often purplish, very sparsely scattered pilose with rather long weak hairs or glabrous; nodes annul- ate; principal internodes 1--3.5 om. long; leaves decussate- opposite; petioles indistinct, to 5 mm. long, and winged, or absent, ampliate and clasping the stem at base, sparsely scattered-pilose or glabrescent; blades chartaceous, lighter beneath, elliptic, 3--7 cm. long, 1--1.7 cm. wide, acute at apex, cuneate at base and prolonged into the winged petiole, regularly sharp-serrate from the apex to below the middle, rather abundantly appressed—strigillose on both surfaces, more densely so beneath, not scabrous above, not glandular; venation slightly subimpressed above, prominulous beneath; inflorescence spicate, compound, the spikea very slender, to 18 or more cm. long, many-flowered, the flowers closely im- brieate before and during anthesis, rather uniformly separea- ted in fruit; peduncles (1—3 cm. long) and rachis slender, glebrate; bractlets lanceolate, very small, about 1--2 m. long, subglabrate or very minutely ciliolate at the base, sharply acuminate; calyx narrow-tabular, about 1.5 mm. long (to 2 mm. long in fruit), glabrous or subglabrate; corolle very tiny. The type of this species was collected by Howard Scott Gentry (no. 5923) -- in whose honor it is named — in a moist canyon bottom, short-tree forest, altitude 1500 feet, Quebrado de Platano, Sierra Monterey, Sinaloa, Mexice, on March 13, 1940, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. It was distributed by the collector as V. urticifolia L., to which it is related. VERBENA PINETORUM Moldenke, sp. nov. Herba; caulis gracilibus argute tetragonis crasse hirsut- is; petiolis late alatis; laminis chartaceis profunde pinn- 28 PHY 20 bOG 22 Vol. 2, no. l atifido-incisis vel tripeartitis, supremis plerumque oblongis vel linearibus et integris, utrinque dense hirsutis, suprem is adpresso-strigosis; inflorescentiis elongatis spicatis. Herb; stems slender, sharply tetragonal, bristly-hirsute with whitish heirs about 1 mm. long, much more densely so at base of plant; leaves decussate~opposite, 2--4 om. long; pe- tioles broadly winged, not very distinct from the blades; blades chartaceous, uniformly green on both surfaces, deeply pinnatifid-incised, the lower ones often 35-parted and each division again pinnatifid-incised, the uppermost much reduc- ed and simply 3-parted with entire divisions or even oblong or linear and entire, densely hirsute on both surfaces, the larger leaves scabrous with bulbous-based hairs above and very densely white-hirsute beneath, the upper leaves with mich more appressed-strigose hairs, especially above; inflo- rescence spicate, elongates spikes slender, to 21 or more cme long, loosely many~-flowered (dense in bud and during ar thesis, the rachis later elongating considerably), not glan- duler; peduncles slender, sharply tetragonal, 2--}5 cm. long, hirsute like the stems; rachis also tetragonal and densely hirsute; bractlets lanceolate, about 4 mm. long, attenuate at apex, rather densely strigose-pilose, about equaling the calyx in anthesis and fruit; calyx tubular, 3.5--4 mm. long, densely strigilloses corolla pale-blue, showy, 10--11 m. long, its limb large and spreading. The type of this species was collected by Howard Scott Gentry (no. 1522) in pine flats, transition habitat, Sierra Charuco, Rio Fuerte, Chihuahua, Mexico, on July 22, 1935, and is deposited in the herbarium of Dr. Forrest Shreve at Tucson, Arizona. It.was originally distributed as V. neomex- icana (A. Gray) Small VERBENA PINNATILOBA (Kuntze) Moldenke, comb. nov. Verbena megapotamica var. tweediana f. pinnatiloba Kun- tze, Reve Gen. Pl. 3%: 256. 1898. xVERBENA TEASII Moldenke, hybr. nove Herba oultorum hybrida; ramis decumbentibus vel adscend- entibus multoramosis gracilibus obtuse tetragonis sparse vel dense hirsutulis; foliis pervariabilis dense strigosis vel supra sparse strigillosis et subtus patento-pubescentibus, pluemims profunde inciso-pinnatifidis plerumque tripartit- is; inflorescentiis spicatis, juventute subcapitatis, dein elongatis, densissime multifloris; floribus arcte imbpicatis Garden hybrid between Ve. tenuisecta Briq. and V. hybrida Voss, with intermediate characters; stems decumbent or as- cending, abundantly branched with ascending branches, slend- er, obtusely tetragonal, sparsely or densely hirsutulous with rather stiff whitish hairs or merely spreading-pilose, 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 29 the smaller branches often more acutely tetragonal; leaves decussate-opposite, numerous, very variable in shape and size, varying from densely strigose with long white appress- ed hairs on both surfaces to sparsely strigillose above and spreading-pubescent along the midrib and larger veins be- neath, more or less deeply incised in pinnatifid fashion, often more or less 3-parted, the lowest divisions usually a- gain pinnatifid-incised, the lobes all sharply acute at ap- ex, the body of the blade and lowest lobes often relatively very broad and with recurved secondary lobes; inflorescence spicate, at first flattened~subcapitate, later elongating to 15 cm. or more, very densely many-flowered, the flowers closely overlapping before, during, and after anthesis; ped- uncles (1.5--7 em. long) and rachis slender, acutely tetrag- onal, densely hirsutulous or spreading-pilose, not glandu- lar; bractlets relatively very short, lanceolate, about 4 m long, about 1/3 as long as the calyx, attermate to the apex, rather densely strigillose with white appressed hairs, den- sely white-ciliate toward the base; calyx elongate-tubular, 8--13 mm. long, densely short-pubescent with spreading hair or densely white-strigose with closely appressed hairs; cor- olla 15--20 mm. long, showy, blue, purple, red, pink, or white, its tube about 1 1/3 times as long as the calyx, gla- brous throughout or slightly pubervlent at the apex outside, its limb 5—9 mm. in diemeter. The type of this hybrid was collected by G. A. Stevens in a nursery at Harrisburg, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, on June 20, 1953, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Bai- ley Hortorium at Ithaca. It is named in honor of Edward Teas who first developed this hybrid in his nurseries at Houston, Texas, by crossing Ve hybrida and V. tenuisecta. It is the source of the races of cultivated verbena called Ceres (derk red), Rowena (pink), Albion (white), Ruth (pink), Bel- laire, Madge Roberts, and Teas Hybrid. xVITEX HYBRIDA Moldenke, hybre nov. Arbor vel frutex hybridus naturalie; foliolis anguste lanceolatis 5 longe attenuatis utrinque dense canescento- puberulis; inflorescentiis distincte ramulosis; ramulis gra- cillimis ubique dense canescento-puberulis. A natural hybrid between V. Agnus-castus L. and V. Negun- do L. with intermediate characters. The leaflets are narrow- lanceolate, 5 in number, the three central ones 5.5--10 om. long and 7--16 mm. wide, long-attenuate at apex, densely canescent-puberulent on both surfaces, on petiolulys 3--5 mm. long, the lowest two very much smaller. The inflorescen- ces aro distinctly branched, the branches very slender, 5-- 15 mm. long, with numerous nodes and flowers (in the fashion of V. ‘agundo), densely canescent-puberulent throughout. 50 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, noe l The type of this variety was collected at Bhola in Sindh, India, in July, 1891, and is deposited in the herbarium of the University of Michigan at Amn Arbor. No collector is designated on the label. VITEX REGNELLI ANA Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. 27, nom. nud. (1939), sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor; ramulis gracilibus medullosis obtuse tetragonis puberulis vel breviter pubescentibus glabrescent- ibue; sarmentis densissime ferrugineo-velutinis vel villoso- tomentosis; foliis oppositis 3-foliolatis; petiolis gracili- bus densissime velutino-villosis vel tomentosis ferrugineis; foliolis sessilibus vel subsessilibus oblongis vel anguste ellipticis vel oblanceolatis acutis vel abruptissime brevi- terque acuminatis integris, ad basin acutis vel obtusis, ut- rinque velutinoso-villosis vel tomentosis; inflorescentiis axillaribus cymosis valde bracteatis ubique dense ferrugin- eo-velutinis vel villoso-tomentosis. Shrub or tree; branchlets slender, medullose, obtusely tetragonal, grayish, compressed and rather ampliate at the nodes, puberulent or short-pubescent when young, becoming glabrate in age; twigs slender, tetragonal, compressed, very densely velutinous with ferruginous villous-tomentose pubes- cence, ampliate-compressed at the nodes; nodes annulate; principal internodes 1--6 em. long; leaf-scars very large and corky, greatly elevated; buds densely ferruginous-vill- ous or -velutinous; leaves decussate~opposite, 3-foliolate; petioles slender, 4--10.5 cm. long, slightly ampliate at the base, flattened above, very densely velutinous-villous or tomentose with ferruginous hairs; leaflets subequal, sessile or subsessile; leaflet-blades thin-chartaceous, uniformly dark- or bright-green on both surfaces under the ferruginous tomentum, the central one oblong, narrow-elliptic, or oblan= ceolate, 5.5--10 cm. long, 1.5--3.2 cm. wide, acute or very abruptly short-acuminate at apex, entire, acute or obtuse at base, very densely velutinous-villous on both surfaces or somewhat more tomentose beneath, the pubescence golden or ferrugineous, the lateral leaflets similar in all respects only often somewhat inequilateral and usually more obtuse at the base; midrib slender, flat or subprominulent above, pro- minent beneath; secondaries slender, about 10 per side, most ly hidden by the long pubescence on both surfaces or promin- ulous beneath; vein and veinlet reticulation not discernible above, mostly obscure beneath or sometimes the largest parts slightly subprominulous beneath; inflorescence axillary, cy- mose, 3~--8 cm. long, 2--4.5 cm. wide, 1—3 times dichotorm ous, dense, the branches much abbreviated, densely ferrugin= ous-velutinous or villous-tomentose throughout, conspicuous- ly bracteate; peduncles slender, 1.5--5.2 om. long, flatten- ne , aae7 1941 Moldenke, Novelties 31 ed, densely ferruginous-velutinous or villous-tomentose like the twigs and petioles; pedicels very slender, 1-2 mm. long, or obsolete on lateral flowers; bracts numerous, simp- le, oblong or lanceolate, 1--1.8 com. long, densely velutin- -ous like the leaflets, sessile, acute; bractlets linear, 3-— 6 mm. long, densely ferruginous=pubescents; prophylla linear, about 1 mm. long, hidden by the tomentum; corolla violet or white. The type of this very handsome species was collected by Don Bento Pickel (no. 3211) in a thicket at Tapera, Pernam- buco, Brazil, on Jamary 26, 19353, and is deposited in the Langlois Herbarium of the Catholic University of America at Washington. The species is known also from S&o Paulo and is named in honor of Anders Fredrik Regnell, famous explorer and botanist, to whom we owe so much of our knowledge of the Brazilian flora. VITEX SPONGIOCARPA var. LONGIDENTATA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit lobis caly- cis 1.5--2 mm. longis et bracteolis prophyllisque persister- tibus. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in ite calyx-teeth being 1.5--2 mm. long (instead of 0.5--1 mm.) and its bractlets and prophylla being persistent. The type of this variety was collected by Adolfo Ducke (Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 23,763] in "catinga" woods at Igarape Jurupary, on an affluent of the lower Rio Uaupés, Amazonas, Brazil, on November 2, 1932, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collector describes the plant as a small tree with white flowers. VITEX TRIFOLIA var. VARIEGATA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit laminis foliolorum irregulariter albo-variegatis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its leaflet-blades being variegated, whitish along the edges in irreguler mottles. The type of the variety was collected by my good friend, Walter M. Buswell, from a cultivated specimen at or near Miami, Dade County, Florida, in 1940, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Bailey Hortorium at Ithaca. VITEX WITTROCKLANA Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. 20 & 27, nom. nud. (1939), sp. nove Arbor; ramulis crassiusculis obtuse tetragonis vel subte- retibus sparsissime minutissimeque puberulis glabrescentib- us; sarmentis acutiuscule tetragonis sparse puberulis; foli- is oppositis 5-foliolatis; petiolis gracilibus sparsiuscule 32 PHEYTOLOG ie Vol. 2, no. l puberulis; foliolis subsessilibus vel brevipetiolulatis ten- uiter chartaceis vel submembranaceis oblongis vel lanceolat- is vel oblanceolatis longe acuminatis vel caudatis integris, ad basin acutis vel subacuminatis, supra glabris nitidis, subtus glabratis vel obscure puberulis; inflorescentiis ax- jllaribus capitatis dense multifloris sparse strigilloso- puberulis. . Tree, to 7 m. talls branchlets rather stout, brownish, obtusely tetragonal or subterete, not very pithy, very spar- sely and minutely puberulent, becoming glabrous and rather shiny; twige very slender, rather acutely tetragonal or com- pressed, short, rather sparsely puberulent, less so in age; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 1--6 em. long; leaf -scars mostly not very large or corky or prominont; leaves decussate-opposite, S-foliolate; petioles slender, 2--5 cm. long, convex or slightly keeled beneath, conspicuously flat- tened above, rather sparsely puberulent, not noticeably amp- liate at base nor disciform at apex; leaflets usually unequ- al, the 2 lowermost mich smaller than the 3 central ones, all subsessile or the central one short-petiolulate on a pe- tiolule which is slightly puberulent and margined and to l mn. long; leaflet-blades thin-chartaceous or submembranous, dark-green and rather shiny above, lighter beneath, the cen- tral one oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 53.5--8.5 cme long, 2--3 cm. wide, long-acuminate or caudate at apex, en- tire, acute or subacuminate at base, glabrous and shiny ab- ove, glabrate beneath or obscurely puberulent on the midrib and secondaries; midrib slender, flat or slightly impressed above; secondaries slender, 7--15 per side, ascending, not much arcuate except at the margins, where they are arcuately joined, flat or subprominulous above, prominulous beneath; vein and veinlet reticulation abundant, very fine, subprom inulous on both surfaces; inflorescence axillary, capitate, 5--8.5 cm. long, 1--2 cm. wide, densely many-flowered, some- times with a few very short branches arranged in subumbell- oid form; peduncles slender, compressed, 4--7.3 cm. long, sparsely strigillose-puberulent; pedicels very slender and to 1 mm. long or usually obsolete; bracts absent; bractlets linear, 1--3 mm. long; prophylla setaceous, minute; corolla violet. The type of this species was collected by Jofo Geraldo Kuhlmann (no. 2915) in campo at Caracarahy on the Rio Bran- co, Amazonas, Brazil, in February, 1913, and is deposited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. The spe- cies is also known from adjacent Venezuela and is named in honor of. Gustave Ludwig Wittrock, custodian of the herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden, conscientious worker on all botanical subjects, and expert on the plants used by the North American Indians. Each contributor is eect a starsholder in the ‘magazine, . part of the expenses and sharing 1 in the profits if any accrue, Each oe a oe not less than 2 2 pen limitations of size and proportion. Aa ig charge will hie! ira 7 fers tones, depending on their size, as fixed by the engraver, with a mi about $2.25. ons ature will be considered for publication. Floristic lists, nal pe amateur or so-called popular type, and polemics will not be published on the suitability of manuscripts will be solicited, if necessary, from qu fied botanists. Under the present cost of printing, the basic rate for a page or + fractic thereod 4 is vis 65 - an suns of 200 Corie This ee is Rrupioe: to change printing industry. Reprints will be furnished at cost. A proportionate fraction of d mditic of 200 copies is also furnished gratis to contributors. . Upon request, the editors will send detailed instructions concerning th preparation of manuscript or further information about the magazine. — quiries may be addressed to the magazine or to either editor. d evolution Additional notes ont : shed and Harold N.Moldenke == —™S The New York Botanical Garden ae A oor ae ae ae RATS 1 RON eee VE ee gee a Dy Rage ee Bh te Bronx Park, New York, N. Y : 3 | er volume, $5.00 | | oiath ENERGY AND EVOLUTION James B. pained GARE Es The object of this paper is to develop the theory that species formation occurs during periods of increased activi- ty, that plants which do the hardest (most difficult) work have evolved to the highest positions; that in this regard quality of products is mre important than quantity; and that as morphological structures evolve from simple to com plex, so plant chemical compounds evolve from simple to com plex. . Species Definition from a Chemical Standpoint. - It is assumed that each species is in a state of mobile equilibri- um between reversible reactions which fluctuate and are mt- able under the action of modifying agents (Marcello, 1930). Individuality has, therefore, a complex chemical basis. The existence and permanency of a species is controlled and de- pends upon the existence of constant external and internal conditions and shows a fixed ability to synthesize charact- eristic compounds which constitute its physiologico-chemical characteristics (in part S. L. Ivanov, 1926). Thus, an in- crease in habitat temperature will stimlate the formation of more saturated fatty acids in glycerides and vice versa. Also, at moderately elevated temperatures starch is formed in evergreen leaves which is converted into oil when the temperature is gradually lowered and vice versa (Tuttle, 1919). As another instance of change of conuitions affecting plant physiologico-chemical characteristics we know that an increase in water in the soil and in the plant promotes oil formation and vice versa (Sinnott 1917, Ivanov, Lavrova and Japochko 1931, Geddes 1934, Halden 1934). The concentration of electrolytes in plants is a factor controlling the amount of alkaloids and cyanogenetic compounds formed (McNair, 1941). As instances of the effect of internal conditions on plant chemical products we have the influence of changes in genetic constitution. Genetic strain affects HON production in white clover (Williams, 1939) and sorghum (Nowosad and MacVicar, 1940). Genetic strain affects alkaloid production in tobacco (Rasmssen, 1915), opium (Annett and coworkers, 1920-1925) ,and aconite (Bonisteel, 1940, 1941), And genetic strain also affects the amount and distribution of oil in corn kernels (Pearl and Bartlett 1911, Lindstrom and Ger- Species Developed During Greater Activity. - It is the consensus of opinion that although species may originate in a number of different ways they all originate during periods 35 34 PHY T10-b 6 G teak Vol. 2, now 2 of greater activity. This greater activity may take place internally in or externally to the plant. According to geo- logical evidence the splitting off of new species apparently falls within the times of greater range of variation in ail characters, therefore of greater plasticity of species (Brinkmann, 1929). According to the biologists, especially physiologists, structure varies with function (Tait, 1928) and functional activity is emphasized as the foundation of structural differentiation (Leathes 1926, Fox 1932), or in the words of Pycraft (1950) changes of form are responses to continuous and persistent needs. The geneticists, as pointed out by Huxley (1941), have shown that new species may arise suddenly at a single bound. Instances of such greater activ- ity are shown in chromosome-doubling (6. g. Osnothera), the inverting end-to-end of a considerable section of one chrom osome (e. ge. Datura) or the detachment of a bit of one chromosome which may become attached to a different kind of chromosome (e. g. in Drosophila). A chemist, Henderson (1922), has suggested that apparent instances of orthogenes- is may sometimes depend upon a single important chemical change in an organism, followed by slow and progressive mod- ifications leading up to a definitive morphological result. Such a process, he says, might be somewhat analogous to the establishment of a condition of equilibrium. Climate, Energy and Evolution. - As Parks (1926) points out from geological evidence, there is an undoubted tendency to increased complexity in the organic world. Consequently the greatest complexity in both form and substance may be expected to be found in such regions and in such plants as undergo the most rapid changes of external and internal con= ditions. There are, of course, optimum conditions above which the foregoing statement would not be true. From a detailed study of the varietal diversity of culti- vated plants and their wild relatives Vavilov (1932) found that the majority have had their origin in comparatively small territories concentrated mainly in the mountains and foothills of the subtropics and tropics. The mountain and foothill regions in the subtropics he found especially fav- orable for the development of species and varietal diversity. Mountains provide geographic types of isolation in the nat- ure of differences between habitats - woodland and open country, pond and swamp, high ground and low ground, sunny southern slopes and shady northern slopes, canyons and ridges. These barriers isolate small populations and then useless accidental characters automatically accumlate. Much greater divergence is achieved on small areas (islands) as compared to large continental areas. Sewell Wright offers the explanation that if isolated populations are small enough in numbers, mere chance will step in and largely See SS ee es er eS A tiie te St Meg Ae Lid 1941 ‘McNair, Ener gy & Evolution 35 override the effects of selection. Greater differences between habitats are found in the mountains of the tropics and subtropics than in those nearer the poles. We have in tropical mountains various life zones from tropical, lower sonoran, upper sonoran, transition, to boreal, while in mountains nearer to the poles some of these zones are absente In tropical lowland climates where conditions are more stable one would not expect to find the most highly evolved plants or the most complex chemical compounds. But rather the most highly evolved plants and the most complex chemical compounds would be found more likely in the subtropics and temperate zones where fluctuations of environment occur. For a similar reason aquatics with their more equable environ- ment would be more primitive than land plants. In tnis con- nection Went (1941) has shown that in tomatoes either a high uniform temperature or a low uniform temperature did not promote nearly as mich growth or fruiting as when a fluctua- ting temperature consisting of a high day temperature and low night temperature was provided. ’ Alkaloids. - If the alkaloids be first separated accord- ing to the habitat climates of the plant families producing them, it becomes apparent that the alkaloids of the highest molecular weight are produced by temperate plants and that those with the lowest are obtained from tropical families (Table I) (McNair, 1934). The greatest number of plant families and also the great- est number of plant families from which alkaloids have been analyzed is found in the tropics. Some 299 alkaloids have been analyzed. All else being equal a largest number of an- alyses should lead to the most accurate results. Consequent= ly tropical alkaloids are used. When this is done it is found that the higher the tropical plant family is in .evolu- tionary development, the greater will be its tendency to RG ape of large average molecular weight (McNair, 1934). | Inasmich as it generally requires more difficult work to produce chemical compounds of large molecular weight than those of small molecular weight, it can be argued that the higher evolved plants which likewise manufacture alkaloids of greater molecular weight perform more difficult work than more primitive plants. A specific example in which the molecular weignt of al-_ kaloids may serve to indicate the degree of evolution of species is shown in the members of the genus Aconitum. Acon- itum is noteworthy in giving a new chemical species of acon- itine for each new botanical species analyzed, although all the aconitines are apparently closely related. Perhaps India is the center of distribution of this gems for here we find 36 P H-Y T’OrhO-G LA Vol. 2, now 2 A. chasmanthum Stapf with indiaconitine CyyHy70;oN (mol. wt. 629), A. demorrhizum Stapf with pseudoaconitine C3,H4q0;2N (mol. wt. 667) and A. spicatum Stapf which contains bikhac- onitine C3,Hs00,,N (mol. wt. 672). Japan may be at the outer boundary of distribution with a more recently evolved spec- ies for here is found A. japonicum Thynb. which furnishes jesaconitine CypH5;0;.N (mol. wt. 737) of a higher molecular weight than the Indian alkaloids (Carr 1912, Schafer and La Cour 1954). In a comparison of the chromosome numbers with toxicity Bonisteel has found (1940, 1941) that the diploid aconites are for the most part non-toxic, while the triploid and tetraploid aconites contain some of the most powerful poisons known. There is, therefore, an increase in toxicity with an increase in chromosome number. Glycerides. - Analyses of 318 fats (glycerides) are av- ailable for study. In Table I the fatty oils from temperate plant families have been separated from those produced by tropical plant families. It is apparent from this table that temperate fatty oils have higher average iodine values (and lower melting points) than the tropical (McNair, 1934). As in the case of alkaloids, the greatest number of plant families from which glycerides have been analyzed is found in the tropics. By use of the more abundant tropical data it has been found (McNair, 1934) that the higher the plant fam- ily is in evolutionary development the greater will be its tendency to produce glycerides of large average iodine num- bers (i. e. of greater unsaturation). In the plant economy, saturated fatty acids are first produced wnich become less saturated later. In this way add- itional and more difficult work is necessary to form the less saturated fatty acids and consequently it is evident that the higher evolved plants which produce them perform harder, more difficult work. : The molecular weignts of tropical glycerides (in agree- ment with the molecular weights of tropical alkaloids) are lower then those of temperate regions. Hilditch (1928) found that the tropical families Palmae and Myristicaceae had one specific fatty acid for each family, respectively lauric (mol. wt. 200, mep. 48° C.) and myristic (mol. wt. 228, m.p. 58° C.) and that the temperate families Cruciferae and Um- belliferae had likewise one specific acid for each family, . respectively erucic (mol. wt. 338, m.p. 33 .5° C.) and petro- selinic (mol. wt. 282, m.ep. 14° C.). From this data it is evident that the average molecular weight of the tropical families, 214, is lower than that of the temperate, 310. As it requires more energy to compound fatty acids of higher molecular weight it is evident that these temperate families which likewise occupy a higher evolutionary rank have more difficult work to do than these tropical lower evolved fam- { ee ee ae 1941 McNair, Energy & Evolution ~ 37 ilies. In the latest compilation of analyses of seed fats (Hil- ditch, 1940) data from sixteen natural ordere (Engler and Prantl classification) are given. When the component acids of the families of these orders are considered it is found that seven orders have an increase in the number of acids, eight have an equal number of acids and one has a decrease in the number of acids with an advance in evolutionary posi- tion of their constituent families. When the number of carbon atoms of these acids is consid- ered it is found that eight orders have an increase in the number of C-atoms, six have equal numbers of C-atoms and two have a decrease in the number of C-atoms with an advance in evolutionary position. If, however, the terminal families of those analyzed of the Malvales, Myrtiflorae, Contortae and Tubifloras (i.e. respectively Sterculiaceae, Myrtaceae, As- clepiadaceas and Acanthaceae) be removed from consideration, then three of these four orders show an increase in the nun ber of acids and all four show an increase in the number of C-atoms in these acids with an increase in evolution. An in- crease in the number of C=-atoms indicates in these instances an increase in molecular weight of the acids which contain them. It is hardly necessary to add that both an increase in the number of fatty acids as well as an increase in their molecular weights require an increased expenditure of energy. Volatile Oils. - Nilov (1936) shows in a study of the essential oils in various stages of growth of Coriandrum sativum, Trachyspermim copticum and other plants that, parallel with the evolution of the plant, there occurs an increase in the complexity of the molecules. In the volatile oils the genus Eucalyptus provides an ex- cellent demonstration of the progressive increase in the number and variety of chemical products with the morphologi- cal advance in evolutionary position in the genus. These comprise in order of occurrence pinene, cineole, phelland- rene, aromadendral (cuminal, cryptal, etc.) and piperitone (Baker and Smith data 1920). The amount of oil in the leaf also increases with the increase in evolutionary position, @. g. the most primitive average 1/2 of 1 per cent (e. g. E. corymbosa Sm.), while the most advanced (e. g. EB. dives Schad.) have 2 per cent (4 times as mich). Volatile Oils, Specific Gravities. - Analytical data from 938 volatile oils is available for study. When the average specific gravities of the volatile oils produced by tropical and temperate plant families are inspected, it is evident that the volatile oils of tropical plant families have lower specific gravities than those produced by temperate plants (Table I) (McNair, 1932). Further analysis of the more abundant tropical data shows 38 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, no. 2 that the higher the tropical family is in evolutionary de- velopment the greater will be its tendency to produce vola- tile oils of high specific gravity (McNair, 1934). It can likewise be inferred (McNair, 1932) in accordance with these differences in specific gravity, that terpenes and compounds of the fatty (aliphatic) series predominate in the volatile oils produced lowest in the evolutionary posi- tion, while volatile oils formed by the families highest in evolution contain more aromatic, sulphur and nitrogen com pounds. As more energy is generally required to produce aro-= matic than aliphatic compounds we can conclude that families highest in evolution carry on the most difficult work. Volatile Oils, Refractive Index. ~ The refractive index is another property which may be used to measure variations in composition of volatile oils. From Table I it is evident that tropical volatile oils have higher values than ventas ate (McNair, 1932). In addition it has been definitely shown (McNair, 1934) that the higher the tropical plant family is in evolutionary development, the smaller will be the average refractive in-. dex of its volatile oil. It can likewise be inferred (McNair, 1932) that a small number or lesser amounts of saturated substances are formed in the volatile oils produced lowest in the evolutionary position. A high refractive index may also indicate a large quantity of compounds of high molecular weight; therefore it might be that the volatile oils produced lowest in the evo- lutionary scale have less of these compounds. However, it has been observed in volatile oils (McNair, 1932) that a low index of refraction carries with it a con- comitant increase in specific gravity. Consequently, a trend downward in the case of the refractive index (Fig. 5, McNair 1934) and upward in the case of specific gravity (Fig. 4, McNair 1934), indicate that the values verify each other in the case of evolutionary progression as well as in climatic difference. It can therefore be concluded that the volatile oils of the tropical families highest in evolutionary development have constituents with a large number of double bonds (low saturation), more aromatic compounds, or more sulphur and nitrogen compounds with small amounts of substances of low molecular weight cr small quantities of terpenes or bodies of the fatty series. Because it requires more energy to form substances of high than of low molecular weight, aromatic than fatty (ali- phatic) compounds, it can be concluded that plant families which manufacture these substances can be classed in the same manner. That is, that temperate volatile oil producing families are more energetic than tropical volatile oil fami- 1941 McNair, Energy & Evolution 39 lies, and that in tropical volatile oil families those high- est in evolutionary development are more energetic and per- form more difficult work than those lower in evolutionary position. Volatile Oils, Tropical Acids and Alcohols. - It has been shown from a consideration of both the specific gravity and refractive index of volatile oils that the higher the devel- opment of a tropical plant family the greater is the com- plexity of its chemical constituents. The study can likewise be continued to the various components of volatile oils, e. ge their acids and alcohols. When this was done, it was found that the heats of combustion of the alcohols and acids of tropical volatile oils increased in harmony with the in- crease in evolutionary differentiation of the plant families producing them (McNair, 1934). The greater the heat combustion the greater the amount of energy required in the making of the burned compound. Conse- quently the higher the tropical plant family in evolutionary position the harder the work it has had to perform. Plant Form Versus Energy and Evolution. - Aristotle long ago (384-322 B.C.) and his pupil Theophrastus (372-287 B.C.) classified plants as trees, shrubs and herbs, and this simple classification (in the words of A. M. Johnson) is the one we.all first become aware of in our youth. It is plain that this classification is based on "life-form" and that the structure of the flower is ignored. Bames (1911) brings forward evidence that the earliest dicotyledons possessed a solid tubular woody cylinder of considerable thickness which has gradually been reduced and finally broken up into a circle of separate strands, which is characteristic of the "typical" herbaceous condition. Such an hypothesis of reduction from primitive arborescent _forms has also been worked out under the direction of Prof- essor Jeffrey by several other members of his laboratory (Adkinson 1913, Bailey 1911, and Jeffrey 1912). In more re= cent papers, Sinnott and Bailey (1914, 1922) produced evi- dence in support of this view from paleobotany, phylogeny, anatomy. and geographical distribution. It is no wonder that Bessey (1915) included in his "general principles adopted for the classification of plants" the postulate that "in certain groups, trees and shrubs are probably more primi- tive than herbs." This hypothesis may be considered from the standpoint of the chemical products derived from plants. In Table II the glycerides, alkaloids and volatile oils from tropical plant families are considered in this respect. From the final average obtained of the molecular weights of the alkaloids, there is a clear indication that trees produce alkaloids of lower molecular weights than shrubs, 40 PHY 1.020 ¢:5a4 Vol. 25 NOe 2 and that shrubs have lower alkaloid averages than herbs. Corresponding results are obtained from the iodine numbers of glycerides. The average refractive indices and specific gravities of volatile oils in respect to the dominant form of plant growth in the families is also developed in Table Il. Here again the findings clearly indicate that trees may be the ancestors of herbs. This is shown in the specific gravities. It has been observed that volatile oils with a high specific gravity have a correspondingly low index of refraction (McNair, 1932). If then the specific gravities of volatile oils decrease from herbs to trees, the refractive indices should increase from herbs to trees. This is the case as shown by the averages (Table II), There is chemical support, therefore, for the contention of Bessey (1915), Sinnott and Bailey (1914) and others that in the angiosperms herbs have been derived from woody plants. c It has been shown previously in this paper that plants which manufacture glycerides of the highest iodine numbers, alkaloids with the largest molecular weights, volatile oils With the highest specific gravities and lowest refractive indices perform the most difficult work; therefore, it may be concluded that herbs which are higher evolved than shrubs or trees, also perform the most difficult work. The chemical data used in Table II are condensed and re- arranged according to plant form from McNair (1934). The following families used in the calculations are considered as consisting mainly of trees: Bombacaceae, Caricaceas, Dip=- terocarpaceae, Lecythidaceae, Moringaceae, Palmae, Rhizoph- oraceae and Winteranaceae; the families consisting mostly of shrubs and trees are Anacardiaceae, Anonaceae, Araliaceaé, Bignoniaceae, Bixaceae, Burseracese, Caryocaraceae, Cochlo~ spermaceae, Combretaceae, Ebenaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Flac- Monimiaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae, Myrtaceae, Ochnaceae, Olacaceae, Oleaceae, Proteaceae, Salvadoraceae, Sapindacéae, Sapotaceae, Simarubaceae, Staphyleaceae, Symplocaceae, Tili= aceae, Vochysiaceae and Zygophyllaceae; mostly shrubs, Apo- cynaceae, Asclepiadaceas, Humiriaceae, Loranthacese and Vit- aceae; the families consisting mostly of herbs, shrubs and trees, Loganiaceae, Menispermaceas, Phytolaccacese, Rubiace- ae, Sterculiaceae and Verbenaceas. Intensity of Assimilation. - Although the amounts of mat- erials such as ligneous matter, sugars and chlorophyll assi- milated in plant structures may not have a bearing on evolu- tion, yet the rapidity of assimilation of some substances in plants apparently does have a bearing on evolution. For in- stance, by a rapid rate of metabolism in those plants which produce fruit only once in their lives, the foods and re- serve materials necessary for fructification and seed prod- 1941 McNair, Energy & Evolution 4) uction are produced in sufficient quantity more rapidly and earlier reproduction and death are thereby made possible. It is these plants of rapid metabolism which generally occupy the most highly evolved positions on the plant family tree. Length of Plant Maturation Period. - In relation to the length of plant maturation period plants may be divided into two categories, those plants which bear fruit only once dur- ing their lives (monocarpic), and others which do so several times or frequently (polycarpic). Plants which bear fruit only once generally tend to have the shortest longevity consistent with a normal reproductive period (Molisch, 1938). These germinate, develop and, as soon as they are fully grown, store reserve materials and then proceed to fructification, seed production and death. This principle of the greatest possible abbreviation of a natural life does not apply to polycarpic plants, however, for we know that many such forms, particularly trees and shrubs, continue to live a long while, sometimes for many centuries after attaining maturity. As monocarpic annual herbs have shorter plant maturation periods than polycarpic perennial shrubs and trees, and as annual herbs also occupy, in general, more recent evolution- ary positions, therefore it can be concluded that these plants with shorter plant maturation periods work harder and are higher evolved than the longer maturing shrubs and trees PLANT PARTS. -- Length of Fruit Maturation Period. - The time consumed between the moment that the ovule becomes fer- tilized and the moment that the seed becomes viable varies greatly among plants. The length of this maturation period may require from a few weeks (Tradescantia virginica) to from two to three years as in the Pinaceae and Myrtaceae (Cheel, 1931). The shortest periods are found in monocarpic species and among the monocarpic species the ephemeral or annual plants generally require less time than the peremni- als. As the ephemeral or anmal plants are herbs we have a- nother instance where the greatest intensity of work is shown by plants highest in evolutionary position. Flowers, Leaves and Stems. - The rate of metabolism ap- pears to have a definite relation to the evolutionary posi- tion not only of the plant forms themselves (as shown above) but also of plant parts. Intensity of respiration can indeed be regarded, to a certain degree, as a measure of intensity of metabolism, since we know, for example, that flowers ex- hibit an unusually high rate of respiration, leaves less so and stems stiil less, and that the longevity of these organs parallels these rates, i. e., flowers live only a short per- iod, leaves for a longer period and stems still longer. The systematic position of a plant in evolution is deter- mined mainly through flower differences. In the flower 4a PHYTOLOGIA _ Nols 2, Sane structure and function many more changes and more rapid changes have taken place than in either the leaves or stems. The period of longevity of an angiosperm flower is here considered as extending from the first opening of the blos—_ som to the final withering or shedding of its important parts (calyx, stamens). So considered, the duration of flowers among various plants lasts from three hours to three months. If the plant puts forth only one flower (which is considered by some to be a more primitive condition than an inflorescence) annual- ly, as is true of Galanthus, Moneses uniflora, Paris quadri- folia and the different species of Trillium, or when the flowers are only two or three in number, as in Cypripedium calceolus and the tropical orchids of the genera Oncidiun, Stanhopea and Cattleya, these single flowers remain fresh and open a long time. Evolution, we know, does not necessarily Licoiv all parts of the flower at one time or in the same direction. One flower’ part may be advancing while another is stationary or retrograding. Because of this, all short-lived flowers are not all evolved to the same uniform degree of advance= ment, but nearly all of them are found on short-lived herbs (although staminate aments are on trees), and herbs consti- tute the most recent evolved plant form. Consequently it can be concluded that in general the flowers of shortest dura- tion which also exhibit the most intense metabolism occupy the most advanced phylogenetic positions. ; Leaves. - As compared with flowers, leaves are of greater duration; compared with the entire plant, however, they are rather short-lived, sometimes conspicuously so, except in those cases where their death is approximately simultaneous with that of the entire plant. Under the most favorable circumstances the leaves of ann- uals attain the age of the plants which bear them, usually that of only one vegetative period, namely, several months. The leaves of gymmosperms vary greatly from one hundred years (those of Welwitschia) to one year (Cupressus, Ephedra, etc.). The longevity of the leaves of the monocotyledons al- so varies from a number of years, as in the palms, to less than one year (Amaryllis, etc.). Although some of the leaves of the dicotyledons live as long as five years, many are in the one-year class. There is, therefore, apparent decrease in the length of life (with an accompanying increase in intensity of work) of leaves as the plants on which they occur advance in evolut- ionary position. Stems. - In general, it may be said, aside from except- ions, that the life of stems of herbs is relatively shorter than that of shrubs and trees as a whole. In the case of 1941 - MeNair, Energy & Evolution 43 gymnosperms, woody etems and great longevity attain the ult- imate dominace. And among monocotyledons long life prevails in the palms and shrubby forms, while short-lived annuals ‘are relatively rare. In the dicotyledons short-lived anme.- are more common. It seems highly probable, therefore, that the position in evolution of some spermatophytes is indicated by the kinetic energy of their life cycles and the potential energy of some of their chemical compounds. Summary The object of this paper is to develop the theory that species formation occurs during periods of increased activ- ity, that plants which do the hardest (most difficult) work have evolved to the highest positions; that in this regard quality of products is more important than quantity; and that as morphological structures evolve from simple to com- plex, so plant chemical compounds evolve from simple to com- plex. Chemically each species is in a state of mobile equilib- rium between reversible reactions. The existence and permanency of a species depends upon the existence of constant external and internal conditions and shows a fixed ability to synthesize characteristic chemical compounds. The splitting off of new species falls within the times of greater activity. There is a tendency to increased complexity both in mor- phology and chemical compounds with evolutionary progress. The stable conditions in the tropics are not as liable to produce these changes as the fluctuating conditions in the temperate zones. Alkaloids are of greater molecular weight in temperate regions and likewise in the higher evolved tropical plants. Therefore higher evolved plants carry on more difficult worke Glycerides produced in temperate zones and in the higher evolved tropical families have greater unsaturation (higher iodine values), and their fatty acids have higher molecular weights than the average tropical products. Thus more dif- ficult work is performed by the higher evolved plants. Volatile oils of temperate families and tropical famil- ies highest in evolutionary placement have constituents of low saturation, more aromatic compounds, or more sulphur and nitrogen compounds with small amounts of substances of low molecular weight or small quantities of terpenes or bodies of the aliphatic (fatty) series. Because it requires more energy to form substances of high than of low molecu- et PHYTO. 0'S "th Vol. 2, noe 2 lar weight, aromatic than aliphatic compounds, it can be concluded that plant families which manufacture these sub- stances can be said to have reached an advanced place in ev- olution. Volatile oil tropical acids and alcohols likewise show that the highest evolved tropical families form the acids and alcohols of greatest molecular weight and therefore pro- mote more difficult work. é Trees are shown to do less difficult work than shrubs or herbs through a study of their alkaloid, glyceride and vola- tile oil production. Plants that produce fruit only once in their lives (annu- al herbs) have a more rapid rate of metabolism than the polycarpic shrubs and trees. This rapid rate of metabolism is therefore indicative of more difficult work of -the more highly evolved plant forms. The length of the fruit maturation period is shorter in annual herbs than in shrubs and trees and therefore is an indication of the more difficult work carried on by the highly evolved herbs in apposition to that of the more prim itive shrubs and trees. Among plant parts longevity is a measure of metabolism. In this regard flowers greatly exceed leaves, and leaves ex- ceed stems. The shortest lived flowers are produced by annu- al herbs and consequently exhibit the most intense metabol- ism, the most difficult work and occupy in general the most advanced phylogenetic positions. It seems highly probably, therefore, that the position in evolution of some spermatophytes is indicated by the kinetic energy of their life cycles and the potential energy of some of their chemical compounds. Literature Cited Adkinson, J. 19135. Ann. Bot. 27: 1353-139. Annett, He Ee 1920. Biochem. Journ. 14: 618-636. --<=-- === - 1921. Memoirs of the Dept. of Agric. in India. Chem. Ser. 6: 60-154. aa 338 -=------ » He D. Sen, and H. Dayal. 1921. Memoirs of the Dept. of Agric. in India. Chem. Ser. 6: 1-60. -<----------- , and H. D. Singh. 1925. “Memoirs of the Dept. of Agric. in India. Chem. Ser. 8: 27-38. Bailey, I. W. 1911. Ann. Bot. 25: 225-241. Slatebaiatetatetatbemeed » and E. We. Sinnott. 1914. Bot. Gazette 58: 36-61. Baker, Re Te, and He Ge Smith. 1920. A research on the Eucalypts especially in regard to their essential oils. and ed. Sydney. Bessey, E. Ce 1915. Annals Missouri Bot. Garden 2: 112. ik ot a 1941 McNair, Energy & Evolution . 45 Bonisteel, We Je 1940. Jour. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. Scientif- ic Edition 29: 404-408. 2--------------- - 1941. Torreya 41: 65-66. Brinkman, Re 1929. Abhand. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen Math. Phys. Kl. 13(2): viit245. Carr, F. He 1912. In Allen's "Commercial Organic Analysis" Ath ed. 6: 289-319. Philadelphia. Cheel, E. 1931. Proc. Linnean Soc. N. S. Wales. 56(1): vi- xxvii. Eames, Ae J. 1911. Ann. Bot. 25: 215-224. | Fox, Le A. 1952. Teleological Factors in Evolution. Wash- ington, D. C. Geddes, We. F. 1934. Can. Dept. Trade and Commerce, Domin- ion Grain Research Lab. 7th Ann. Rept. 19335, pp. 10-12. Halden, W. 1934. Z. Physiol. Chem. 225: 249-272. Henderson, Le. J. 1922. Amer. Naturalist, 56: 97-104. Hilditch, T. P. 1928. Proc. Roy. Soc., London. Ser. B; 1035: 111-117. arate naan --- - 1940. "The Chemical Constitution of Natur- al Fats." John Wiley and Sons. Huxley, Je Se 1941. "The origins of Species" Chapt. VI in "Man Stands Alone", Harper and Bro. Ivanow, S. 1926. Bull. Acad. Sci. U. Re Se S. 20(5/6): 355-362. Ivanow, N. Ne, M. N. Lavrova and M. P. Gapochko. 1951. Bull. Applied Bot., Genetics and Plant Breeding (Lenin- grad) 25: 1-86. Jeffrey, E. Ce. 1912. Amer. Nat., 46: 225-238. Leathes, J. B. 1926. Science N. S. 64: 387-394. Lancet 2: 265-269. Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 94: 208-218. Lindstrom, E. W., and F. Gerhardt. 1926. Iowa Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 98: 259-277. McNair, J. Be 1931. Amer. Jour. Bot., 18: 416-423. ~------------ . 1932. Amer. Jour. Bot., 19: 168-193. Seta ~---. 1954. Amer. Jour. Bot., 21: 427-452. Seeateiateteieetemated —-. 1941. Amer. Jour. Bot., 28: 179-184. Marcello, As 1930. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., 37(2): 402- 434, Molisch, H. 1938. The Longevity of Plants. Engl. transl. by E. H. Fulling, New York. Nowosad, F. S., and R. M. MacVicar. 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 566-569. Nilov, Ve. I. 1936. Bull. of Applied Botany Genetics and Plant Breeding. U. R. S. S., Ser. 53, Now 15: 3-29. Parks, W. A. 1926. Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1925, Ppe 55-74. ------------ - 1926. Proc. and Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 20 (appendix): lxv-lxxxv. Pearl, R., and J. M. Bartlett. 1911. Ztschr. Induktive 46 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, no. 2 Abstam. U. Verarbungslehre 6: 1-28. Pycraft, We P. 1930. Sci. Progr., 24(95): 441-450. Rasmussen, H. B. 1915. Biochem. Zeitschr., 69: 461-466. Schafer, B., and L. La Cour. 1934. Ann. Bot. 48: 693-713. Sinnott, Ee We. 1918. Bot. Gazette, 66: 162. Pharm. Joure 102: 134 (1919). | 3 | Tuttle, Ge Me 1919. Ann. Bot. 55% 201-210. Pharm. Jour. : 102: 389. Tait, Je 1928. Quart. Rev. Biol., 3(2): 151-173. Vavilov, Ne. I. 1932. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Genetics, Ithaca, N. Y. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1: vii and 596+xxxix. Went, F. We 1941. Growth and fruiting of tomatoes under controlled temperatures. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Pasa- dena, Calif., June 20, 1941. Williams, Re D. 1939. Jour. of Genetics 38: 357-365. Table I Peete i ee ee Ni Sas a ee Substances Properties Producing Climates Tropical Temperate (iodine number ) 85.56.) 124.00 (molecular weight) 293 .00 Volatile oils (specific gravity) 0.9188 - Volatile oils (refractive index) 1.4932 47 Substances lycerides McNair, Energy & Evolution 1941 Properties (iodine numbers ) (molecular weight) (specific gravity ) (refractive index) Table II Families consisting essentially of (average va lues ) shrubs and herbs and herbs trees shrubs 66 94 96 102 117 191 348 236 231 307 £8878 9175 9010 9340 887 1.4650 1.4938 1.4295 1.4918 1.490 48 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, noe 2 Table III Camparison of Some Characteristics of Primitive and Higher Evolved Plants More Primitive Plants Higher Evolved Plants More stable environments More fluctuating environ- @.g. tropics and water ments @.g. temperate zone and land TEnvironment Alkaloids Alkaloids Lower. average molecular Higher average molecular weights weights | Glycerides Glycerides Lower average melting Higher average melting points points Lower average iodine num- Higher average iodine bers numbers . 2 Lower average molecular Higher average molecular § weights weights rs} 2. Volatile Oils Volatile Oils S Lower average specific Higher average specific = gravity grevity s More aliphatic compounds Fewer aliphatic com | pounds © Higher average refrac- Lower average refractive 6 “tive index index Fewer compounds of high More compounds of high molecular weight molecular weignt Ener gy Energy less energy required to More energy required to make compounds of lower make compounds of high- molecular weight cited er molecular weight & above cited above © Volatile oil alcohols and Volatile oil alcohols ta volatile oil acids with and volatile oil acids lower heat combustion with higher heat’ com bustion McNair, Energy & Evolution 49 Table III - (continued) More Primitive Plants Higher Evolved Plants 4 es A f Longevity of plant parts Energy (continued ) Therefore less energy required to make Trees more primitive Alkaloids - Lower average molecular weights Glycerides Lower average melting points Lower average iodine numbers Lower average molecular weights Volatile Oils Fewer compounds of high molecular weight Plant form Intensity of assimilation Polyearpic plants have less 3 & o3 PS aa Ss 8 ® - » @ Ss a Ho Length of plant matura- tion period Polycarpic plants have greater Perennial shrubs & trees Length of fruit matura- tion period Polycarpic perennials (longer ) Longevity of flowers Longer Energy (continued) Therefore more energy required to make Herbs more advanced Alkaloids Higher average molecu- lar weights Glycerides Higher average melting points Higher average iodine numbers Higher average molecu- lar weights Volatile Oils More compounds of high moleculer weight Intensity of assimilatio Monocarpic plants have greater Length of plant matura- tion period Monocarpic plants have less Annual herbs Length of fruit matura- tion period Monocarpic ephemeral or annual (shorter) Longevity of flowers Shorter 50 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, noe 2 Table III - (continued) More Primitive Plants Higher Evolved Plants Longevity of leaves - Longevity of leaves Longer Shorter Longevity of stems Shorter Longevity of stems _ Longer PLANT NOVELTIES - Harold N. a ALOYSIA FONCKI (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke, Suppl. List Invalid Names 5, hyponym (1941), comb. nov. Lippia Foncki R. A. Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 90: 620.1896 BAILLONIA AMABILIS var. PUBESCENS Moldenke, vare nove Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit ubique dense breviterque pubescentibus vel puberulis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having ite twigs, branchlets, petioles, and both leaf= surfaces densely short~pubescent, the racis and bracts den- sely puberulent or short=pubescent, and the calyx more or less puberulent. The type of this variety was collected by my good friend and respected colleague, Dr. Frederico Carlos Hoehne [Com. Rondon 4739] at Triumpho, Rio S. Lourengo, Mattogrosso, Brazil, in February, 1911, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Departamento do Botanica do Estado, So Paulo. CALENDULA OFFICINALIS f. PROLIFERATA Moldenks, f. nov. Heec forma a forma typica speciei recedit ramlis 4--15 em. longis in axillis bracteolorum involucri ornatis. This form differs from the typical form of the species in bearing one or more short branchlets which issue from the axils of involucral bractlets beneath the main head of flow- al a 1941 ; Moldenke, Plant Novelties ! 51 ers and which each bear one or more miniature leaves and a small terminal head of orange flowers. The type of this form was collected by H. Ne Moldenke (no. 11,830) in cultivation at Mount Vernon, Westchester Co,, New York, on September 20, 1941, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Bailey Hortorium at Ithaca, New York. CITHAREXYLUM KUNTHIANUM Moldenke, nom. nov. Citharexylum tomentosum H.BeK., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 258. 1818 aoe C. tomentosum Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méthe Bot. Suppl. 2: 368. 1811]. JUNELLIA ILLAPELINA (Re Ae Phil.) Moldenke, Suppl. List In- valid Names 9, hyponym (1941), comb. nov. Verbena illapelina R. A. Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 90: 612. 1896. JUNELLIA THYMIFOLIA (Lag.) Moldenke, Suppl. List Invalid Names 10, hyponym (1941), comb. nov. Ver bena thymifolia Lage, Gen. & Sp. 18--19. 1816. LAMPAYA CASTELLANI Moldenke, sp. nove Frutex; caulis prostratis abbreviatis; ramis numerosis brevibus erectis vel adscendentibus dense viscidulo-puberu- lis; nodis valde annulatis; foliis numerosis confertis de- cussato-oppositis; petiolis abbreviatis viscidulo-puberulis vel glabratis, ad basin subamplexicaulis; laminis coriaceis brunnescentibus ellipticis acutis integris, glanduloso- punctatis utrinque glabratis aromaticis, ad basin attenuat- is; floribus fasciculatis; bractéolis parce pilosulis. Dwarf shrub; stem prostrate, woody, gnarled, abbreviat- ed; branches numerous, short, erect or ascending, quadrang- ular, densely viscidulous-puberulent, becoming scabrous through attachment of sand particles; nodes very conspicu- ously annulate; principal internodes mich abbreviated, 1-- 12 mm. long; leaves numerous, crowded, decussate-opposite; ' petioles abbreviated, 1.5--3 mm. long, sub-clasping at base, viscidulous) in EES for the entire cost oe printing, bioties: Bachna or money Eaten. from Ra the completion ok a PRIN in pecience io. the space se which Each geese is therefore: a shareholder in 1 the n ¥: zinc, 0 limitations of size and proportion. oe extra charge will be m tones, depending on their size, as fixed by the iveraaiiors with ¢ a about $2.25. ature will be considered for publication. Floristic teks casual no amateur or so- Sry a popular type, ps Balai will not be eperips Under the present cost of printing, the basic rate for a page or fi 7 “apie is as 65 ror an apace of 200 saetta This brite is “ee to printing industry. Reprints will be furnished at cost. A japoriboate fraction | T he edition of 200 copies is also furnished gratis to contributors. ae request, the nated: will is detailed instructions concernin ae LIBRARY Beis Baye: NEW YORK Sa - BOTANICA! hose PHYTOLOGIA GARDEA dys 3 aa ae ey: Designed to expedite botanical publication ahaa December, 1944 _ No.3 CONTENTS ig N. MoLDENKE: Additional common and vernacular names recorded for members of the Verbenaceae GM AVIGENNIACEGE, \ncdiecsc ins -scvsdessbactad Ackccebsgeceveigcincsdccenske 65 LN. MoLpDENKE: The recorded common and vernacular names of Verbenaceae and Avicenniaceae ar- ranged according to genera And SPeCIES..eescccccceseeeseeeeeseeeee 89 — laceae, Avicenniaceae, and Verbenaceae of _ Texas. Ti: eeeeeeseserveee COPS eee ee eeteeeeeeree THOS eee eseeeseeeee the tes ne Published by H. A. Gleason and Harold N. Moldenke ae The New York Botanical Garden ate Bronx Park, New York 58, N. Y. Price of this number, 75 cents; per volume, $5.00 in advance Vol. 2, No. 2 was issued December 8, 1941 AW EY loo =a = SADNAK Y NEW YORI BOTANICA GARDE ADDITIOCNAL COMMON AND VERNACULAR NAMES RECORDED FOR MEMBERS | OF THE VERBENACEAE AND AVICENNIACEAE Harold N. Moldenke Since the publication of my original alphabetic list of 2202 common and vernacular appellations for members of the Verbenacese and Avicenniaceae (1) and the supplementary list of 1387 additional names (2) numerous names have come to my attention on the labels of herbarium specimens and in vari- ous manuals, horticultural catalogues, floral lists, and de- scriptive accounts of regions in which these plants grow. These 1012 additional names are given herewith together with some corrections and emendations of previous listings. As in the previous works, all variations in orthography or accent- uation are listed separately in exactly the manner as given. by the original recorder. Entries which are merely correc tions or emendations of entries in previous installments of this list are here indicated by an asterisk (*). abisoa = Vitex Doniana Sweet, V. grandifolia Gtirke abontennua = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl ada = Vitex Doniana Sweet, V. grandifolia Gtirke adabi = Clerodendrum splendens G. Don . adaga = Vitex Doniana Sweet, V. grandifolia Giirke ade = Vitex Doniana Sweet _adefia = Vitex grandifolia Gtirke adelamanyi = Lantana Camara L. *adgdu = Premna corymbosa var. obtusifolia (R. Br.) Fletcher aegiphilas = Aegiphila Jacq. afetewa = Vitex Doniana Sweet, V. grandifolia Gtirke afia-nunung = Avicennia africana P. Beauv. afifia omya = Clerodendrum splendens G. Don afurati = Lippia adoénsis Hochst. *agdu = Premna corymbosa var. obtusifolia (R. Br.) Fletcher agba = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl agbul u uwagh = Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd.) Schum. & Thonn. *apdau = Prema corymbosa var. obtusifolia (R- Br.) Fletcher *agetha = Premna corymbosa (Burm. f.) Rottl. & Willd. *aonimantha = Premna corymbosa (Burm. f.) Rottl. & Willd. agnocasto = Vitex Agnus-castus L. &gdgo igin = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl agug = Teijsmanniodendron Ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh. *aguydb&t = Premna corymbosa (Burm. f.) Rottl. & Willd. ahgao = Premna Gaudichaudii Schau. *aker ketu-kétu = Sphenodesme pentandre Jack 5 66 PHY TOL ‘O'Git V. polyg polygama Cham. taruma de mata = Vitex Froesii Moldenke tarumé de terrafirma = Vitex triflora Vahl tarumé de varzea = Vitex cymosa Bert. _ taruman = Vitex Schaueriana Moldenke tarumén = Citharexylum montevidense (Spreng.-) Moldenke tarumansinho = Vitex Schaveriana Moldenke tasajo = Vitex orinocensis H.B.K. tataba = Olerodendrum capitatum (Willd.) Schum. & Thonn. tatumo = Aegiphile tri truncata Moldenke tavotavo = Premna taitensis Schau. tavu = Prema taitensis var. rimatarensis F. H. Br. *tayupuk = Teijsmanniodendron Ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh. tcaucui = Clerodendrum barba-felis H. Hallier *tea plant = Lantana Camara L. Teas Hybrid separ = Verbena Teasii Moldenke té del pais = Lippia turbinata Griseb. *te del pais = Lippia " graveolens H.BeK. te negro = la eee (L.) Small *thé de piéton = Lippia Pseudo-thea (A. St. Hil.) Schau. -tialu = Verbena officinalis L. ti dah = Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. tinho = Stachytarpheta australis Moldenke tiogbi = Vitex ferruginea Schum. & Thonn. 86 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, no. 3 tokalau = Lantana Camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke tolochocho = Lantana velutina Mart. & Gal. tomillo = Acantholippia seriphioides (A. Gray) Moldenke, Junellia asparagoides (Gill. & Hook.) Moldenke tomillo macho = Junellia seriphioides (Gill. & Hook.) Mold- enke toronjil = Lantana Langlassei Moldenke tosatido = Petrea arborea H.Bek. “tostadito = Petrea aspera Turcz. totumillo blanco = Vitex divaricata Sw. *toung-than-gyoe = Premma corymbosa (Burm. f.) Rottl. & Willd. tra-tsho = Avicennia africana P. Beauv. tres colores = Lantana glandulosissima Hayek trdmen = Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd.) Schum. & Thonn. 1 tearkiyar kusu = Stachytarpheta jemaicensis (L.) Vahl tachangbaio = Vitex Doniana Sweet tschangmaro = Vitex Doniana Sweet tschingmera = Vitex Doniana Sweet tuetu = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl *tugas = Viticipremma philippinensis (Turez.) H. J. Lam *tugas-buhgogon = Viticipremna philippinensis (Turcz.) H. J. Lam *tulufigun = Gmelina elliptica J. %. Sm. *tufgdlnol = Gmelina elliptica J. &. Sm. turkey tangle = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene . turu-Llevu = Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims tzou tsing tsoi = Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz. ububan = Vitex rivularis Gtrke ucha koro = Vitex Doniana Sweet ucullucui-sacha = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Lb. C. Riche): Vahl ucullucuy sacha = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl ufiri = Avicennia africaria P. Beauv. ufuchi = Clerodendrum splendens G. Don um-diguilgul = Vitex Doniana Sweet um-dugulgun = Vitex Doniana Sweet unarmed duranta = Duranta repens L. u8li = Vitex Doniana Sweet urdi loho'be = Lantana Mearnsii Moldenke uruahu = Vitex grandifolia Girke usillo = Aloysia ligustrina (Lag.) Small ° -*ustabunda = Prema corymbosa (Burm. f.) Rottl. & Willd. ' uvalema’= Vitex pyramidata B. L. Robinson uvulama = Vitex mollis H.B.K., V. pyramidata B. L. Robinson vanilla-= Duranta repens L. vara de San José = Castelia cuneato-ovata Cav. vara dulce = Aloysia macrostachya (Torr.) Moldenke 4 ‘ * Y rm a 1944 . Moldenke, Common Names 87 varo = Premma foetida Reinw. vasari = Vitex cofassus Reinw. *vasung = Viticiprema philippinensis (Turcz.) H. J. Lam *vedelhoutboom = Citharexylum B. Juss. vedel houthboom = Citharexylum B. Juss. venturosa = Lantana trifolia L. verbean vervain = Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. verbena = Stachytarpheta trimitensis Moldenke, Verbena cana- densis G.) Britton, V. carolina L., V. domingensis Urb., V. ephedroides Cham., V. hispida Ruiz & Pave, V. integrifolia Sessé & Moc., V. laciniate (L.) Briq., V. tenuisecta Briq. verbena ancha = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl verbena aztil = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl verbena blanca = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Le C. Rich.) Vahl, Verbena platensis Spreng. verbena blanca serrana = Verbena litoralis H.B.K. verbena cim = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.). Vahl verbena falsa = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.)Vahl verbena negra = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. 0. Rich.) _ Vahl, S. straminea Moldenke verbena oil — from Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton verbena shrub = Caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq. verbena-shrub = Caryopteris Bunge verevere = Clerodendrum inerme tL.) Gaertn. vervain = Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt., V. canadensis (L.) Britton, V. canescens var. Roemeriana (Scheele) Perry; Ve Halei Small, V. simplex Lehm., V. xutha Lehn. *verveine 4 fleurs rouges = Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) _ Vahl verveine de Drummond = Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton verveine de Miquelon naine magenta = Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton verveine de Miquelon naine rose = Verbena canadensis (53 Britton *verveine élégante = Verbena tenuisecta Brigq. vervena = Verbena litoralis H.B.K. villatermin = Duranta repens L. Violet King Lantana = Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. violette = Verbena tenuisecta Briq. . Virginia sage = Vitex Agnus-castus L. voekoe voekoe tolman = Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. vulcana = Clerodendrum fragrans var. pleniflorum Schau. wilokaka = Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. waiwai = Lantana Camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke wakarovungi = Faradaya ovalifolia (A. Gray) Seem. wakorovundi = Faradaya ovalifolia (A. Gray) Seem. wal-gurenda = Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. 88 PH YT 0-6 O3Gcr se Vol. 25 noe 3 wan hon na wan njari = Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet *waréng = Gmelina elliptica J. 3. Sm. *waréng kétan = Gmelina asiatica var. villosa Bakh., G. ell- iptica J. &. Sm. waro = Prema Gaudichaudii Schau. waro ndamu = Prema Gaudichaudii Schau. Warowaro = Prema taitensis Schau. waterside tree = Avicennia africana P. Beauv. wa vatu = Faradaya ovalifolia (A. Gray) Seem., F. vitiensis (A. Gray) Seem. wedgeleaf frog-fruit = Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene wedgeleaf frog fruit = Phyla incisa Small wedge-leaved fog-fruit = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (H.BeK.) Moldenke weighty fog-fruit = Phyla incisa Small westindisches Eisenholz = Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. wesussi = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L-) Vahl - *wSwéngenga = Gmelina asiatica var. villosa Bakh. weyhooli = Verbena menthaefolia Benth.. *white beech = Gmelina Leichhardtii (F. Muell.) F. Muell. white Brazil mangrove = Avicennia nitida Jacq. white brush = Aloysia ligustrina var. Schulzii (Standl.) -Moldenke white bush = Aloysia ligustrina (Lag.-) Small -white-flowered lantana = Lantana Camara var. nivea (Vent.) L. H. Bailey white-flowered verbena = Verbena stricta f. albiflora Wad- ‘mond white-fruited callicarpa = Callicarpa americana var. lactea F. J. Muller white mangrove = Avicennia africana P. Beauv. white-verbena = Verbena hybrida Voss. V. urticifolia L. widow of last year = Clerodendrum splendens G. Don wild coffee = Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schlecht. wild hyssop = Verbena stricta Vent. wild sage = Lantana Camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey wild verbena = Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton *woelas watoe = Vitex quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. work is sweet = Clerodendrum violaceum Gtirke watsiyar 'bera = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl wutsiyar kadangare = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl wutsiyar kusu = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Lie) Vahl. 2) *xakilche = Lippia graveolens H.B.K. Xalapa duranta = Duranta repens L. | yabu-murasaki = Callicarpa mollis Sieb. & Zucc yapau = Verbena L. . | yaro = Prema taitensis Schau., P. taitensis var. rimatar- ensis F. H. Br. yellow lantana = Lantana Camara var. flava (Medic.) Molden- —- Tie So. se Pea 1944 Moldenke, Common Names 8&9 ke, L. tiliaefolia Cham. yellow sage = Lantana trifolia L. yemo sigba = Lantana Camara L. yerba de Inca = Lippia integrifolia (Griseb.) Hieron. yerba de la muestranza = Lantana Camara L. : yerba de la princesa = Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton yerba de la Virgen = Phyla nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke yerba del Cristo = Lantana horrida H.B.K. yerba del incordio = Yerbena tenuisecta Briq. yerba dulce = Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke yerba mora = Lantana Camara L. yeung ue yi fa = Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Brig. yoch opp tzimin = Petrea volubilis L. yoimte = Clerodendrum ligustrinum (Jacq.) R. Br. *Zitronenlippe = Lippia Houst. ayvos 3 Vitex Agnus-castus L. Avyapra = Vitex Agnus-castus L. Avy os = Vitex Agnus-castus L. Avyos = Vitex Agnus-castus L. TOOS = Vitex Agus-cestus L. oligos = Vitex Agnus-castus L. (1) Moldenke, H. N., An alphabetic list of common and ver- neacular names recorded for members of the Verbenaceae and Avicenniaceae. 34 pp. New York Botanical Garden, August 31, 1939. (2) Moldenke, H. N., A supplementary list of common and ver- nacular names recorded for members of the Verbenaceae and Avicenniacese. 24 pp. New York Botanical Garden, February 25, 1940. THE RECORDED COMMON AND VERNACULAR NAMES OF VERBENACEAE AND AVICENNIACEAE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO GENERA AND SPECIES Harold N. Moldenke The following is a list of the common and vernacular names of Verbenaceae and Avicenniaceae which were recorded by me in alphabetic sequence in my previous publications on this subject (1). In all, four thousand six hundred and one names are here recorded. 90 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, no. 3 Acantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke -- rica- rica Acantholippia hastulata Griseb. -- rica-rica Acantholippia seriphioides (A. Gray) Moldenke -- tomillo Aegiphila Jacq. -- aegiphilas, aegiphile, bois cabril, Geissenbaéumchen, geitenboompje, goatwood, Ziegenbaumch- en, Ziegenstrauch Aegiphila aculeifera Moldenke -- tabaquilla Aegiphila alba Moldenke -- koit tree, lulu, tutumbo Aegiphila anomala Pittier. -- tabaquillo Aegiphila chrysantha Hayek -- fetord-ey Aegiphila Deppeana Steud. -- saiico de monte, sauco monte Aegiphila elata Sw. -- bejuco de peine mico, guairo santo, guaro, guauro, hoher Ziegenstrauch, Kenia weed, tall aegiphila Aegiphila falcata Donn. Sm. -- ah pl nai zorrillo Aegiphila ferruginea Hayek & Spruce -=- valso Aegiphila foetida Sw. -- stinkender Ziegenstrauch Aegiphila glandulifera Moldenke -- chirapa sacha Aegiphila glandulifera var. pyramidata L. 0. Rich. & Molden- ke -- tabaquero Aegiphila integrifolia (Jacq.) Jacks. -- baumartiger Ziegen- . strauch, bois de golette, bois sendu, carindiba, lard- wood, tocaneiro Aegiphila intermedia Moldenke -- tabaquillo Aegiphilea laeta H.B.K. -- manprasara, San Juan de la Verdad Aegiphila laevis (AublL.) Gmel. -- gelber Ziegenstrauch, manabo, man manprasara Aegiphila laxicupulis Moldenke -- palo de zope Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. -- bastard white-root, bois cabril, bois cabrit, bois de bouc, bois de cabril, bois de fer, capaillo, lengua de vaca, martiniquische Geissenb&umchen, martiniquischer Ziegenstrauch, sureau gros, sylvania, westindisches ®isenholz, wild-jasmine Aegiphila martinicensis var. gh poneure (Urb. ) Moldenke -= bois cabrite Aegiphila mollis H.B.K. -- contra-culebra, heilkréftiger Ziegenstrauch, totumillo Aegiphila monstrosa Moldenke -- café cimarron, hulub, talalachi, vara blanca -Aegiphila multiflora Rufz & Pav. -- utcus Aegiphila obovata Andr. -- cutlet-wood, timber fiddlewood Aegiphila panamensis Moldenke -- hombre grande Aegiphila perplexa Moldenke -- goat-meat Aegiphila peruviana Turcz. -- Sci sacha, huaca, ucullucuy sacha Aegiphila puberulenta Moldenke -- bollo limpio, San Juan de la verdad Aegiphila racemosa Vell. -- cawuira, wanini ST ee eee 1944, Moldenke, Common Names 91 Aegiphila Riedeliana Schau. -- cajuja Aegiphila Sellowiana Cham. -- cajugd, carindiba, caujuja, cinzeiro, habiara, papagaio, pau de tamanco, tamanqueira Aegiphila splendens Schau. -- serra dos Christae Aegiphila truncata Moldenke -- tatumo _ Aegiphila Valerii Standl. -- tabaquillo Aegiphila verrucosa Schau. -- chicharra Aegiphila villosa (Aubl.) Gmel. -- bois de tabac, bois tabac, moracooballi, wolliger Ziegenstrauch Aegiphila vitelliniflora Klotzsch -- caferana, fetord-ey Aloysia barbata (T. 8. Brandeg.) Moldenke -- poleo Aloysia ligustrina (Lag.) Small -- dngel, azahar del campo, bee brush, cedron, Mexican heliotrope, nina rupd, nuna del monte, oreganillo, palo amarillo, romerillo, usillo, white bush Aloysia ligustrina var. Schulzii (Standl.) Moldenke -- bee blossom, white brush Aloysia Looseri Moldenke -- ilang-ilang, ildn-ildn Aloysia macrostachya (Torr.) Moldenke -- cabradora simarona, vara dulce Aloysia nahuire Gentry & Moldenke -- nahuire Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke -- poleo de burro, poleo de Castilla, poleo de Castillo Aloysia salviaefolia (Hook. & Arn.) Moldenke -- salvia, salvia blanca Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton -- Aloisekraut, cedron, cedron, citroenboompje, citroenkruid, citroenverbena, citronelle, citronenduftende Lippie, citronenduftige Lippie, Citronen-kraut, Citronensstrauch, citron- scented lippia, dreibladige lippia, herba Luisa, herb Louisa, herva cidreira, Lemonekraut, lemon plant, lemon-scented verbena, lemon~scented vervain, lemon tree, lemon verbena, limouneto, lippie & odeur de citron, pigeon's herb, Punschkraut, scented verbena, swest-scented verbena, thé arabe, verbena oil, vervain, verveine & trois feuilles, verveine citronnelle,. verveine du Pérou, verveine odorante, yerba de la princesa, yerba luisa Aloysia virgata (Rufz & Pav.) A. L. Juss. -- cedron, chicharra caopi, nino-urupé Aloysia sp. -- sacha-poleo Amasonia L. f. -- Amasonie, taligalées Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke -- aufrechte Amasonie, herva de picapdéo, rothe Amasonie Amasonia lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. -- bandiera do Espirito Santo, pau vermelho Avicennia L. -- black mangrove, Lebendiggebarend, mangrove, - Salzbaum ers. PoE Ya Ob 0: Gsb ok Vol. 2, now 35 Avicennia africana P. Beauv. -- afia-nunung, amu-ati, amu- tsi, angma-tsho, asokoro, asokpolo, asopro, asukuru, ata-nunung, black mangrove, boandjo, boanjo, bue, bu®, bue-dinte, bu%dint&, buwe, conmon white mangrove, 6- bure, ede, ehrodo, garigari, gbeleti,. gb81l8ti, grigri, jaia-guli, jaia-guwi, ka-bure, lagoon tree, mbougand, mofuri, mutuku-tsho, nja-wului, odonumon, ogbun, roanjo, saanar, samar, sana, tarrafe, tra-tsho, ufiri, waterside tree, white mangrove Avicennia alba Blume -- api-api, api-api hitam, black api- api, elava, gundu mada, lamet, marne, samair dam, ton samair, unte unte Avicennia bicolor Standl. -- mangle negro Avicennia -lanata Ridl. -- api-api bérbulu, api-api puteh, hairy api-api, white api-api Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. -- api-api, api-épi, api- api merah, api-api puteh, api~api putik, bina, boak, bufigdlan, burigél on , bungélu, _bufigdlun, cherid, fika- fika, harav, kalapini, kalapini mafigitit, kalapini- maput{, kausia, koak, kuldsi, kuydpi, lame apyus lingig, lingog, mabaran , mada-chettu, mchu, migpi, mtschu, nalla-mada, pidpi, piksik, pipisig, pipisik; red api-api, renggou, sagarai, samair kao, showarab, timmer, tioes 1éwo, upputti, white api-api, white man grove Avicenni& marina var. resinifera (Forst.) Bakh. -- manawa, mangrove, native mangrove, New Zealand mangrove Avicennia marina var. Rumphiana (H. Hallier) Bakh. -- api- api, bunalun-babay Avicennia nitida Jacq. -- algarrobo, black mangrove, black- mangrove, black tree, blacktree, black wood, blackwood, bois de méche, button mangrove, , carnoé, cativo mangle, ciriuba, conrida, courida, cowrida, culumate, glanzender Salzbaum, green turtle bough, honey- mangrove, iguanero, istatén, mangel, manggel blanko, mangle, mangle blanc, mangle blanco, mangle bobo, mangle chéne, mangle negro, mangle prieto, mangle Salado, manglier noir, manglo salado, mangrove, mangue amarello, man gue branco, olive mangrove , paléluvier, palétuvier, palétuvier blanc, pal étuvier gris, palstuvier rouge, palo de sal, palo do sal, pariva, parwa, parwaboom, péré, puyeque, saltbushes, salt pond, white Brazil mangrove, white mangrove, witte mangrove Avicennia officinalis L. -- api-dpi, api-api brajoe, api- api daun lebar, api-api katjang, api-api ludat, api-api puteh, baen, bani, bara baen, bien, bina, black mada, bogém, bunalun-lalaque, bufgdlon, kajoe k&ndéka, kajoe ting, ki balanak, lame, lameb, lamet, ludat, mada, metbin, midpi, nala-mada, nalla, nalla mada, oepata, : 1% 2 Pt el as BEES Toe ON ~~ 1944 Moldenke, Common Names oF) orei, palétuvier, pé-apé, pidpi, saladillo, tamelh&é, thamé, tiabaen, tivar, udat, white api-api, white mangrove, zoutboom Avicennia Schaueriana Stapf & Leechman -- caju, ciriba preta, fromarina, magae Siriba, mangue, mangue brafico, mangue seriva, siriuwa, white mangrove Avicennia Tonduzii Moldenke -- palo de sal Bouchea Cham. -- gervao Bouchea fluminensis (Vell.) Moldenke -- gervad de folha grande, gervao de folha grande, gervao de folha larga, verveine faux-gervad Bouchea prismatica (L.) Kuntze -- germander-leaved bastard vervain, narrow-fruited vervain, prismatischer BWisenhart, verbena, verbena cimarrona Bouchea prismatica var. longirostra Grenz. -- arrocillo, verbena, verbena manza Bouchea pseudochascanum (Walp.) Grenz. -- gervad, gervao Bouchea Rusbyi Moldenke -- verbena de flos grande Burroughsia fastigiata (T. S. Brandeg.) Moldenke -- damiana Callicarpa L. -- beauty-berries, beautyberry, beauty-berry, callicarpe, French-mulberry, murasaki, Schonbeere, Schonfrucht, Spanish-mulberry, Wirbelbeere, Wirtelbeere Callicarpa acuminata H.B.eK. -- albocar, blackberry, ceniciento, flor de chichalaque, fructa de chacha, patzahumacachil, pukil, pukin, sac pukim, uvilla, vara de alcalde, vara del alcalde, x puc yim, zacpukim Callicarra americana L. -- American beautyberry, American callicarpa, amerikanische Schonbeere, amerikanische Wirbelbeere, beauty-berry, beauty-fruit, Bermuda mulberry, Bermudian mulberry, bunchberry, commode mulberry, filigrana, filigrana de mazorca, filigrana fructo morado, filigrana morada, French mulberry, French-mulberry, Mexican-mulberry, sourbush, Spanish- mulberry, turkeyberry, turkey-berry Callicarps americana var. lactea F. J. Muller -- French mulberry, white-fruited callicarpa Callicarpa ampla Schau. -- capa rosa, capa rosa Callicarpa angusta Schau. -- dirik-dirik Callicarpa apoénsis Elm. -- layauvan Callicarpa arborea Roxb.. -- bogodi, bormala, boropatri, bundun, daung-sat-pya, dera, doika, doung-sap-pya, dum kotokoi, ghivala, ghiwala, goehlo, gogdi, khoja, kodo, kozo, makanchi, sakrela, stinga, turmong Callicarpa basilanensis Merr. -- linagop Callicarpa cana L. -- adokk, alalui, alayo-ti-manok, anobrang, | anuyup, apoe~apoe, apu-apu, arusha, damar b8si, dynamite-grass, goro-goro oetan, graue Wirbelbeere, hai ngan, hati-hati ketan, katoempang 94 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2, no. 3 badak, katoempang kajoe, katumpang badak, katumpang kayu, kuping bési, lo hai ngan, m@niran bésar, m¥niran kasar, m@niran k&bo, mSniran oetan, mSniran utan, palis, papalsis, red-fruited tampang b¥si, sai fa min, Besepo, s&tampo bési, songka oetan, songka utan, tambaldsi, tambul-basi, tampa bési, tampah b¥si, tampal b&si, tampang bési, tampang b’si merah, tampong bSsi puteh, tapoeng-tapoeng, tigau, tigau-na-itin, toembar b¥si, tubang-daldg Callicarpa caudata Maxim. -- anayop, anigup, arayop, ‘harayhai, kabatiti, mama, suba Callicarpa cubensis Urb. -- filigrana de mazorquilla Callicarpa denticulata Merr. -- anaif, mayop Callicarpa. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch -- Chinese beautyberry, French-mulberry , Japanese-mulberry, ko-murasaki, meka- sogi, murasaki-sikiboo, purple-mulberry, purple urn- fruit tree, sai ip lo hai ngan, tsu-kda-udn Callicarpa’ elegans Hayek -- tambalabdsi Callicarpa erioclona Schau. -- ka gongs palis, salingérau, tambalabasi, tigau, tiibang-daldg Callicarpa ferruginea Sw. -- filigrana, rostfarbene Schonbeere, turkey berry ~ Callicarpe formosana Rolfe -- anadhiu, anoyop, anoyot, atolba, for chai tsai, horai-murasaki , palis, sai hong hun , shan-puchiang, tambalabdsi, tfagau, tigau, tigeu- tigau, tigbabasi, timbabési, ts'u-k'ang, tubang-dalag, tubang-daldg, tubaybdsi Callicarpa Hitchcockii Millsp. -- boar-hog bush Callicarpa japonica japonica Thunb. -- guiou-sao-si, Jama-murasaki , Japanese beautyberry , ko-mourassaki, méka-sogui, mi- mura-saki, mourassaki-skibou, murasaki, murasaki- . shikibu, tama-mourassaki, tama-murasaki, yabu-murasaki Callicarpa longifolia Lam. -- bSb&tih kinana, b&8ning-b@ning, chapal, chapal kechil, dama b&soi, gambiran, kajoe séran, karat b&si, katoempang, katumpang, keling-kahan, kém@niran, khow tok, lo kop ngan, m@niran oetan, mSniran sapi, nasi-nasi, papalsin, sétampo, simadgimbadjon, songka, songka kampong, sulap, tama, tampah b&si, tampal b¥si, tampang b¥si, tampang b&si puteh, tampoh (bési, tampong b¥si, tapah b¥si, tibabdsi, tigau, tobaybdsi, tulang besi, white-fruited tampang besi : Callicarpa longissima (Hemsl.) Merr. -- bok wat tan Callicarpa Loureiri Hook. & Arn. -- birodonmurasaki Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl -- bd&-pattra, bauna, budhi- ghasit, daya, den, druss, mathara, mattranja, pattharman, poko kwat tan, shiwali, sumali, thar, tondi-teregam, urn-fruit tree Callicarpa magne Schau. -- atimla, eres 1944 Moldenke, Common Names 95 Callicarpa magnifolia Merr. -- agnai Callicarpa Maingayi King & Gamble -- balek angin laut, chulak, m&ndapor, tampang b&si, tulo, tutok puteh, tutor . Callicarpa megalantha Merr. -- palayan Callicarpa Merrillii Moldenke -- katonal, palis, tigau Callicarpa mollis Sieb. & Zucc. -- jabumurasaki, namainoki, yabu-murasaki, yama~murasaki Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn. -- tai chung lo kop muk Gallicarpa obtusifolia Merr. -- anoyop Callicarpa pedunculata R. Br. -- béning-b&ning rih. mSm@niran, m&niran, ringan-ringan, wild heliotrope Callicarpa reticulata Sw. -- netzblattige Schonbeere Callicarpa Roigii Britton -- filigrana de pinar, filigrana fruto blanco : Callicarpa rubella Lindl. -- chaak tsai shue, sugriimik Callicarpa stenophylia Merr. -- karangiti, lLayop Callicarpa subintegra var. parva Merr. -- marataringau Callicarpa suripsénsis Merr. -- alingtutungau, buyaken Callicarpa tomentosa L.) Murr. -- aisar, ambong-ambong bukit, ambong-ambong puteh, bastra coat comul, hu kwai, kata kéran, k®payang, massandari, sitapoeeng, sitapueng, tamah kérbau, t&pong-t&pong, teregam, tindjaoe, tinjau, tondi Caryopteris Bunge -- Bartblume, bluebeard, caryopteére, verbena~shrub Caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq. -- blue spiraea, blue _ spirea, Chinese beardwort, verbena shrub Caryopteris odorata (Hamilton) B. L. Robinson -- malet, mohani, moni, shechin Castelia cuneato-ovata Cav. -- cuchipapa, papilla, vara de San Jose Chascanum marrubiifolium Fenzl -- danabén, erg el bugr, tchingaraguen Citharexylum B. Juss. -- bois & cotelettes, bois cotelet, bois de guitare, bois fidéle, citarexilon, cotelet, cotelets, fiddle wood, fiddle-wood, fiddlewood, fiddlewood tree, fidelle-wood, fiolintraee, fioltraed, Geigenholz, Geigenholzbaum, gigatraed, gigetraee, guitar wood, le bois cotelet, le bois de guitard, le cotelet, Leierholz, susanna, vedelhoutboom, vedel houthboom, zither-wood Citharexylum affine D. Don -- alacate, cacachila, canutillo, chachalaca, jalacate Citharexylum Berlandieri B. L. Robinson -~- negrito,orcujuela Citharexylum brachyanthum (A. Gray) A..Gray -- chile pdjaro Citharexylum caudatum L. -- bird-seed, cateicillo, cigua, coffe marron, collarette, dama, fiddle-wood, fidelle- wood, guairo sando de costa, guairo santo, higuerillo, 96 PHY DOL OG Vol. 2, now 3 juniper-berry, long-spiked fiddle-wood, manglillo, moco de pavo, palo de dama, penda, pendola de sierra, perda, pigeon-feed, sauge doncella, white fiddlewood, white fiddle-wood, wild-cherry Citharexylum Cooperi Standl. -- corrimiente, wild-lime Citharexylum Dawei Moldenke -- agracejo Citharexylum decorum Moldenke -- totumillo Citharexylum discolor Turcez. -- guayo Citharexylum Donnell-Smithii Greenm. -- buela noche, buena noche, chuul, cola de pava, coralillo, coral negro, cordoncillo, cuul, dama, damas, moca de pava, paraiso, sorguillo Citharexylum ellipticum Sessé & Moc. -- anacahueta Citharexylum Endlichii Moldenke -- manzano del cerro Citharexylum flexuosum (Rufz & Pav.) D. Don -- turucasa Citharexylum fruticosum L. -- agracejo, balsamo, balsamo, black fiddlewood, bois de guitard, bois de guitare, bois guitarin, canilla de vendado, catcycillo, cateycillo, cutlet, fairytree, falo blanco, fiddlewood, fiddle-wood, fiddlewood-tree, gallito, grenad marron, guairo sando de costa, guairo santo, guayo, guayo blanco, guayo roble, higuerillo, long Tom, mangle de sabana, old woman's bitter, old-woman's bitter, palo de guitarra, palo guitana, palo guitarra, penda, penda blanca, pender, péndola, pendu, pendula, pendila, péndulo colorado, pfndula [error for "pendula"], pindoula, pindula, racemose fiddlewood, roble amarillo, roble de olor, roble dulce, roble guayo, sangre de | doncella, savanna-wattle, spicate fiddlewood, susanna tree, white fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum var. Brittonii Moldenke -- bois cotelette, bois cutlet, cotelette, cutlet, fiddlewood, hairy cutlet, white fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum var. subserratum (Sw.) Moldenke -- cotelet denticulé, grenardo, palo santo | Citharexylum fruticosum var. subvillosum Moldenke:-- cateycillo, gallito, penda, pendula blanca Citharexylum fruticosum var. villosum (Jacq.) 0. 8. Schulz -- bois cotelette, cotelet velu, cutlet, fiddlewood, grenard, pende, white fiddlewood Citharexylum Herrerae Mansf. -- huairuru Citharexylum hexangulare Greenm. -- cajjalaco, canahuite, palomillo Citharexylum Hintoni Moldenke -- chichalaco Citharexylum hirtellum Standl. -- sac-xitch-che Citharexylum Kerberi Greenm. -- aceitumillo, aceitunillo Citharexylum Kunthianum Moldenke -- cotelet tomenteux, palo blanco Citharexylum laetum Hieron. -- caffecillo, coffee chocolate, ) 1944 Moldenke, Common Names 7 jacende, semina, tarumd branco Citharexylum lucidum Schlecht. & Cham. -- naranjillo, tepesi Citharexylum macradenium macradenium Greenm. -- damas, danna Citharexylum macrophyllum Poir. -- cotelet & grandes feuilles, kasaroballi, leja gado, oeroejatoe Citharexylum microphyllum (P. DC.) 0. ©. Schulz -- gatigal, mala-muger Citharexylum montevidense (Spreng.) Moldenke -- aguay~guazu, espina de banado, naraujillo, tarumd, tarumd espirudo, tarumén Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. -- cag voro, carvoeiro, fruta de macaco, pau de viola, pimenteira, pirazu rembiu, primenteira, sarrid, turuman Citharexylum pentandrum Vent. -- bois de guiterre, cotelet & cing étamines, cotelet & feuilles molles Citharexylum pernambucense Moldenke -- salgueiro Citharexylum Poeppigii Walp. -- mullu-caspi, palo de chaquiras Citharexylum quitense Spreng. -- muyuyu, muy uyu del monté Citharexylum Rosei Greenm. -- del ciervo a Sn. Juan Citharexylum scabrum Sessé & Moc. -- jito siropo, panothillo Citharexylum Schottii Greenm. -- chacni-bach, iximche, ixtatakche, palo de violfn, tatakche, ahiobenches yerba Citharexylum spinosum L. -- arbol de Santa Maria, bois carré, bois cotelet, bois cotelet, bois cotelet carré, bois cotelette, bois de cotelette, bois de fer blanc, bois de guitare, bois fidele, bois fidéle, bois guitare, bois guitarin, cotelette, cutlet, fairy, fiddlewood, fiddle-wood, fig bush, guayo blanco, juniper-berry, penda, savannah wattle, susanna, susanna tree, white fiddle-wood Citharexylum teclense Standl. -- café de érbol Citharexylum tristachyum Turcz. -- agracejo, guayo blanco, guayo roble, la calerio, mari de las Indias, palo blanco, roble guayo Citharexylum viride Moldenke -- corrimiente, corrimiento Citharexylum sp. -- bois puitarin Clerodendrum Burm. -- clérodendron, glorybower, glorybowers, glory tree, Loosbaum, Losbaum, lotboom, pagoda-flower, péragu, péragut Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schlecht. -- amourette, amnourette de St. Cristophe, boesie droifi, boschhopfie, boton de oro, chuc chuc, clavellina aspinosa, crab prickle, crab=prickle, escambron blanco, gratte jambes, Haugenush, madampolam, pree-bree, prickly myrtle, privet, the bord de mer, wild coffee, wild-coffee, - gamourette Clerodendrum aculeatum var. gracile Griseb. & Moldenke -- clavellina espinosa 98 POH Yat O4,0 Gk Vol .°25° rigace Clerodendrum adenophysum H. Hallier -- boerta-boerta, kajoe boerta-boerta Clerodendrum barba-felis H. Hallier -- badi, tcaucui Clerodendrum Bethuneanum Low -- anoran, antutufigau-puld, biniuang, guanton, kali-kali, maitiim, matdé&-kud, udan- udan Clerodendrum Blumeanum Schau. -- aoepaloslan mahina, kémbang boegang, kolon ranteh, maroerang, mata ajam, panggil- panggil, singoep, tadjoer, tintinga, waroe dojong Clerodendrum brachyanthum Schau. -- haminddng, kayomkom, lusib, mangha, samanpait, talabogting Clerodendrum Buchholzii Gtirke -- bakoréné, fafa-hinei, fafe, male, mosongo-songo Clerodendrum Bungei Steud. -- camelia americana, chau shi mut li, flor de la rosa muerte, fragrant clerodendron, rose glorybower, sa sha ping Clerodendrum calamitosum L. -- Baum des Slendes, kajoe gambir, k&mbang boegang, klimmerlicher Losbaum, rampige totboom Clerodendrum canescens Wall. -- kwai. tim foh Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd.) Schum. & Thonn. -- agbul u uwagh,, ayeti, feremdmi, firi-fore, fuem8mi, furu-fure, illiri, iye, korlejiga, mashayi, ny&@kpe, obranmotuan, pfufulla, pipe-tree, taasen dua, tab&to, tataba, tr&men Clerodendrum Colebrookianum Walp. -- kadungbi Clerodendrum cubense Schau. -- hiel de gallina, magitire cimarrona Clerodendrum Cumingianum Schau. -- salumget Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz. -- tzou tsing tsoi Clerodendrum deflexum Wall. -- baboon's fat, balong ayam, big wood blumea, black ixora, buffalo's tongue, cheret hutan, chuchohgambar, cock's comb, decline wood, hill haunted plant, kayu sampu, kayu sampu kSlau, kelusam jantan, 14mak bérok, lidah kérbau, lidah k&rbau b&tina, mérambong bukit, p&chah p¥riok hitam, s&kacha lima jantan, s&kati lima, s&#kati lima jantan, s¥mbong hutan ~ -jantan, sétawar hutan, woodland s&tawar Clerodendrum disparifolium Blume -- anting-anting, chél8guri, chinaguri, guriam, kecholan, lampin badak, lampin budak, 18lampang badak, p&ncholam, puding, quilau, s&18guri, s@l&guri bétina, s%lulang bukit, sSmbong, s*mpayan pitu, tampan put@ri jantan, tudong roman, ubat tumboh, uloh-ulai, unting-unting Clerodendrum formicarum Glirke -- taasen dua Clerodendrum fortunatum L. -- fortuné, gelukkige boom, gelukkige lotboom, glilicklicher Losbaum, Gliicksbaum Clerodendrum fragrans (Vent.) R. Br. -- exhilaration tree, glory tree, higantong, Javanese jasmine, m¥lor jawa, mil flores, nang yam, pak yat pak, pelegrina, : 1944 Moldenke, Common Names | 99 peregrino, pokok rabu k&mbang, rompok, sabuka, s¥tumpok - Clerodendrum fragrans var. pleniflorum Schau. -- ela de angel, boca amelia, bocamelia, boramelo, bridal- bouquet, camellia, chau pin tung, cologne-plant, flor de muerte, flor de muerto, Goehagan bush, herbe a Mad. Villaret, herbe puante, hortensia, japana, jasmin, jasmin de Amelia, jasmin de Italia, jasmin del muerto, jasmin de] muerto de perro, jasmin del perro, jasmin de muerto, jasmin de perro, jasmin hediondo, jazmin de Amelia, jazmin de "spana, jazmin de [talia, karu, madam-polan, madan=-polan, marabella, metrocedar, mil flor, mil flores, milki hoedoe, misteriosa olorosa, Nassau-rose, Nessau-rose, odorous clerodendrum, Spanish-jasmine, verbena, vinda alegre, viuda alegre, vulcana, wild jessamine Clerodendrum glabrum E. Mey. -- bush clerodendr m, peo de perico Clerodendrum heterophyllum (Poir.) R. Br. -- bois cabri, bois cabril, bois cabris, bois chenilles, bois de bouc, bois de chenilles, gros bois de chenilles Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze -- arnah, arnf, bd&man-hati, baminhetti, baranai, bead-flower, bharangi, bhdrangi, bhérgi, bidoejoek, brahmen-patta, brahma yashtika, brahmunf, brahmunu yushtiki, chingari, daoen apioen, daun apium, daw-di-mubarik, gandja, ganja, ganja-ganja, géndje, memadatan, m@madatan, naijamphé ti, p¥natoh, ronggo dine; sarum cutur, s&kar petak, siphonanthus, tow yai-mon, tube flower, Turk's-head, Turk's-turban Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. -- afg-angri, ariya, | baliseng, baén-jai, ban-juen, batraj, biring djéné, bon- joi, bunga pawang, bun-join, bun-jumat, busel- pieeks chia bam, eru-pichecha, eru puchcha, eti pisinika, foo long shue, gambir laoet, goo yis hai, gulinda, isamdhér{, kakoli, k¥mbang boegang, kémbang lygang, ketoewer, koi a koi, koli, kundah, lagoendi alas, 1én- jai, limau 1@lang, mangotngot, manoeroe dowongi, manor oetan, m#lati oetan, m¥lati utan, nalla~kupi, nir- notsjil, parian solojon, penni ka, pinari, ping- shengam-kuppi , pirolai. kyont, pisangi, pishinika, pisingha, samin-afga, sang-kupi, sd&ng-ktpi, oueroe kupi, ‘shangam-kuppi , shengan-kuppi, sorcerer's flower, tabangofigong, tak-kdélapu-chettu, t®rong gambul, tulang- tulang, Ubi chettu, vana-jai, verevere, wal- guranda, wal-gurenda, wiri salo Pierodendrum infortunatum L. -- parni, bhandfra, bhéndira, bhant, bhantaka, bhanti, bhat, bockada, bujiphyv, chitu, gas-pinna, ghentu, infortuné, ka~aungeyl, kf if . basuiti, kari, kari, kdung, khaoung gyf, kharbari, kulamarsal, lukunah,. ongelukkige boom, ongelukkige 100 FY. Ts Ol OnGe ek Vol. 2, noe 3 lotboom, peragu, péragu infortuné, piene, pinne gala, ungliicklicher Losbaum, Unglticksbaum, varni Clerodendrum intermedium Cham. -- aloksok, asuangai, balantana, bantana, dagtung, human g » iginga, kalalauan, kasopénigil, kasupangil, katufigétun , kolokolog, laroan- anito, libintano, pakapis, salinguak Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb. ) Sweet -- wan hon na wan njari Clerodendrum Kaempferi (Jacq-) Sieb. -- pak yat hung, s€@panggil hutan Clerodendrum Klemmei Slim. -- luag Clerodendrum laciniatum Balf. f. -- bois cabri, nasty tree Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume -- antutungau-taluk, magalablab, salumpapait, takipan, tanogo Clerodendrum ligustrinum (Jacq. ) R. Br. -- itzimte, mosté, muste, snake-tree, y'imte Clerodendrum ligustrinum var. nicaraguense Moldenke -- jasmin, si me miras Clerodendrum Lindenianum A. Rich. -- roble guayo, turquesa Clerodendrum macrostegium Schau. -- agboligan, aktolfgan, bagauak, baugak, kas opaéngil-na-puti, magboligan, nakboligan, payi-payi Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn. -- amamboligan, ambuligan, ayam~ay am, bagalbak, bagduak, bagduak-itim, bagéuak-na-puti, bakébak, boenato, danata, kasopangil- gubat, ku-ku, 1¥i1%m in asoe, 1#%i1%m in taloen, sunkol, tabiigok Clerodendrum mindorense Merr. -- bagab, bagduak Clerodendrum multibracteatum Merr. -- palutan Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. -- surbattri Clerodendrum nutans Wall. -- canastiilé, fire-bush, martinica, misteriosa, ramo de novias, Santa Alda Clerodendrum paniculatum L. -- baéh zitang, bunga mara, bunga tinggal, danger flower, nom sawan, pagoda- flower, pangil-pangil, p&manggil, p&ngkilai, p¥pangil. pingdang, sapanggil, s€pangil, tabut Clerodendrum phiomoides |. f. -- airan, airanamula, arni, gharayt, irun, nellie, panjot, pirun, taludala, taludalel, tekkali, telaki, teleki, tilaka, urni, vato-ghni, wada madichi Clerodenarum phyllomega Steud. -- kojoe lampam, ramo daging lalaki Clerodendrum Picardae Urb. -- jéte bois pin Clerodendrum Pittieri Moldenke -- espino Clerodéndrum polycephalum J. G. Baker -- apord, taasen dua Clerodendrum puberulum Merr. -- urang-urang Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr. -- bagéuak, bagsuak-na-pula, baligtaérin, baliktaran, salinguak, uak~udk mw Ae Se ar 1944 Moldenke, Common Names 101 Clerodendrum Rumphianum De Vriese -- acepaloetan hahoela, . pboenga panggil, boenga pluim, boenga poean, loloet Clerodendrum serratum (L. Moon -- angar, baikyo, baranai, barbara, bebya, bharang, bhérange-mula, bharangi, bharangi, harungi, brah-mari mari, cheru tékka, chiru dekku, chia, gandu-bhdrangi, gant-bahdrangt, gantu= bhérangi, gunti paringsie, jeru-hka, kanta-bharanni, kenhenda, ken-henda, kertasé, lampin budak, mata _k¥sang, népélu, nirisa, pinggir.tosék, sagoenggoe, saram lutur, s@nggoegoe, sénggugor, shimtek, simar baoengkoedoe, singgoegoe, srigoenggoe, sunga tasek, taman tasek, tambun tasek, ténjal tasek, timba tasek, tindjaoe handak, tinjal tasek, pet cesta vatham addakki Clerodendrum serratum var. Wallichii ©. B. Clarke -- nirisa Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- coral, glorybower, herba a Madam Villaret, herbe a Mad. Villaret grand, jazmin rojizo-corazon, red honeysuckle, Santo Domingo, scarlet clerodendrum Clerodendrum spinosum (L.) Spreng. -- chichara, quédec Clerodendrum splendens G. Don -- adabi, afifia omya, ek&nyieya, geakoi, opé-éshi, ra-bina, ufuchi, widow of last year Clerodendrum ternifolium H.BeK. -- puta de noche Clerodendrum Thomsonae Balf. f. -- ala de angel, balao de S. Jose, bleeding heart, bleeding-heart, brinco de danea, broedae nahatti, clara lisa, clematida, corazon horido, Cornell-flower, crendolinda, egwa, enredadera flori- rosada, fucsia, jamaiquina, lazo de amor, mata vaine, misteriosa, Mrs. Thompson's clerodendrum, oviakuku, pasion de Cristo, posidn de Cristo, secreto de amor, southern bleeding-heart Clerodendrum Thomsonae var. delectum Hort. -- lagrima de Cristo Clerodendrum tomentosum (Vent.) R. Br. -- Oumberland-tree, downy clerodendrum Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. -- harlequin glorybower, kusagi, tungau Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. -- firi-fore, furu-fure, honawai, hwana wulie, kajie, ti dah Clerodendrum umbellatum var. speciosum (Dombrain) Moldenke -- bleeding heart Clerodendrum umbratile King & Gamble -- 1éruntoh, mali-mali bukit, m#royan kabut, pianggu Clerodendrum villosum Blume -- boerta boerta, buffalo's foot-print, chapa, chapaneng, chémp@ning, daun bubut, gampir roesa, kalopang pait, kasap jantan, labu-labu, 1&mpong hutan, milki hoedoe, p&chah p¥riok babi, pigs ixora, pokok kasap, rough plant, tapak ké@rbau, zottiger 102 P BE CT DR OrG TF se Vol. 2,5 noe 3 Los baum Clerodendrum violaceum Glirke -- ish&-dtin, work is sweet Clerodendrum viscosum var. nilagiricum H. Hallier -- hukre- mara Clerodendrum volubile P. Beauv. -- dagba, &benote Clerodendrum Williamsii lm. -- dibalai Congea tomentosa Roxb. -- enredadera santa hoji-rojiza, japonesa, ka-yan,. tamakanwe Cornutia Plum. -- agnantes, agnanthe Cornutia grandifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schau. -- azari, cuatro caras, cucaracho, palo cuedrado, zopilote Cornutia grandifolia var. intermedia Moldenke -- cucaracho, flor lila, hoja de jope, morcielago, murciélago Gornutia grandifolia var. normalis (Kuntze ) Moldenke -- cuatro caras, morcielago, murciélago, palo cuadrado Cornutia prandifolia var. guadrangularis fgrst. & Moldenke -- pavilla Cornutia latifolia (H.B.K.) Moldenke -- chialche, loth-ché, matasano, tzultesnuk Cornutia obovata Urb. -- nigua, palo de nigua Cornutia odorata (Poepp. & Endl. ) Poepp. -- dona, tal, ulape Cornutia pyremidata L. -- agnanthe 4 fleurs en grappe, agnanthe & fleurs en grappes, bois a cotelettes, bois cac, bois cagne, bois care, bois cassau, bois cassave, bois cdtelet, bois cotelet quarré, bois de caque, bois de l'ancre, bois de saban, bois de savane, bois de savanne, bois guarri, fiddlewood, mouri debout, penda, purple fiddlewood, salvilla Cornutia pyramidata var. isthmica Moldenke -- latche, lattche, pangage, pangage, x oltexnuc Diostea juncea (Gill. & Hook.) Miers -- cau-cau-mamill, retama, retamilla, retamo Diostes scoparia (Gill. & Hook.) Miers -- clavelillo del campo, escobilla de] campo Duranta L. -- golden-dewdrop, pigeonberry, skyflower, sky- flower Duranta argentea Lodd. -- silvery duranta i: Durenta coriacea Hayek -- naranjuelo . Duranta costaricensis (Donn. Sm.) Standl. -- ufia de gato Duranta Mutisii L. f. -- limoncillo, long-fruited duranta, Mutis's duranta Duranta repens L. -- adonis, adonis blanco, adonis morado, arisgo, azota-ceballo, blue plumeria, campo-koche, celosa, celosa cimarrona, chulada, coralillo rosado, cuenta de oro, cuento de oro, durancia, duranta, duranta de Plumier, durante de Plumier, ®lis's duranta, espina blanca, espina de paloma, espino negro, fructea de jacu, fruta de jguana, fruta de paloma, garbancillo, golden dewdrop, golden-dewdrop, ~—1944 Moldenke, Common Names 103 golden dewdrops, granjenillo, heliotrope bush, heliotrope tree, heliotropio, heliotropio morado , hombocoche , kempok6-ché, kan poco che , kanpdko~ché , kanpo ko=ché, kanppocoche, kanppocoché, kanppocgché, lila, limoncillo-.cimm, lluvia, Toray pensamiento, .- pigeon berry, BEgoae herr ys Plumier's duranta, skyflower, troene d! Amérique, unarmed duranta, vanilier, vanilla, vanillier, varita de San José, _villatermin, violeteira, violetina, Xalapa duranta, xcambocoché, x kambocoche, yellow hat tree Duranta repens var. alba (Masters) L. H. Bailey -- forget- me-not, heliotropio blanco, nomeoluides, no-me-oluides, varita de San José Duranta revens var. canescens Moldenke -- fruta de paloma Duranta serratifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze -- pala blanca, tala - blanca, tala blanco Duranta Skottsbergiana Moldenke -- judu casha Duranta triacantha A. L. Juss. -- chisnan Faradaya ovalifolia (A. Gray) Seem. -- ngakawa, wakarovungi, wakorovundi, wa vatu Faradaya vitiensis (A. Gray) Seem. -- wa vatu Geunsia Cumingiana (Schau. ) Rolfe -- danasi, gagayug, magilars malataba&ko, manabako, nago, sambuyut, sobsoganbogo Geunsia flavida (Elm. ) H. J. Lam -- layaupan, madolau, ~_ pananagok Geunsia pentandra (Roxb.) Merr. -- layaupan Ghinia Boxiana Moldenke -- cardero, coast broom Ghinia curassavica (L.) Millsp. -- flor morada, spiny- r fruited vervain F Ghinia curassavica var. yucatanensis Moldenke -- chan-ko- ~ xnuk, chanxnuk Gmelina L. -- gmelin, heilpeeren Gmelina arborea Roxb. -- at-demmata, bolko bak, chimman, cummi, gamari, gaméri, gambari, gambhar , gemhar , gomari, gumadi, gumar , gumar-tek, gumbar, gumbhar, gumbhar , gumbhari, gumhar , gumhér , gumher , gumudu gumudu téku, kdékddumbdéri, kembhar, kasamar, kasmar, kdemari, kasmaryamu, kasmiri, kassamar , khamer , khambhéri , khammara , kall, kimér, kumbhdr, kumbulu, kaimhér , kurse, kyunboc, kywon-pho, pedda gomru, pedda gumudu téku, ramani, sag, sewan, shewan , shewney , shewun, shivan, shivani, shiwali, shiwun sripmari, tagumida, tegegummadu, yemanai , y émené Gmelina asiatica L. -- badhdéra, bhedaira, biddari, bulangan, challa-gumidu,coumelon, gamudu, gatta-demmatta, gmelin asiatique, udu, heilpeeren, kal-shivani, kavva- < gumudu, 1a&han shivan, nilak-kumazh, nilak-kumizh Gmelina asiatica var. villosa Bakh. -- boelangan, boewah 3 q ee eo 104 Pe TO G-0.6.t & Vol. 2, %Gece kerandjang, kananga woeba, kemandiang, loewarang, | ponranga, sarogang salaki, waréng k¥tan, w8wenganga Gmelina elliptica J. %. Sm. -- bangana, b¥longeh, bohol, bulang, bulangan, bulang gajah, bulang hutan, bulang k¥chil, bulbuol, dadiangas, danhafgas, kalufmgun, kang mao, kemandiang, nom méo, puhtng, pukeng mata hari, saonad, talauan, talvngud, talungun, tanlungun, tulungun, tufigdinol, waréng, wareng k&tan Gmelina Leichhardtii (F. Muell.) F. Muell. -- beech, Queensland beech, white beech Gmelina macrophylla Wall. -- kaju titi, kaju titie, kaju tittie Gmelina moluccana (Blume) Backer -- titi, toehoe, toeroe Gmelina philippensis Cham. -- aliplng, alipufga, baga-babui, betebet, bosel-bosel, bulangan duri, ching chai, kalulut, kumbil, paniktik, sousou, tuldfgau Gmelina racemosa (Lour.) Merr, -- shek tzi shu, song tsio. gun ° Holmskioldia Retz. -- holmskioldia, holmskioldie Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. -- chapeau chinois, Chinese hat plant, Chinese hat-plant, Chinese-hats, kapni, kul tolia, kumaon, mandarin's-hat, misiwahchil, paraguita de China, parasol-flower, rithoul, sombrero chino Hosea Lobbii (C. B. Clarke) Rid1. -- d'dap mira Junellia asparagoides (Gill. & Hook.) Moldenke -- tomillo Junellia bryoides (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke -- culesoro, pata de perdiz Junellia Lorentzii (Niederlein) Moldenke -- matorro moro Junellia seriphioides (Gill. & Hook.) Moldenke -- espina de pescado, tomillo macho . Junellia tridens (Lag.) Moldenke -- mata negro Lachnostachys Cliftoni F. Muell. -- big flannel plant Lampaya medicinalis R. A. Phil. -- lampaya, lampayo Lantana L. -- bergsalbei, camara, ‘cambara, cambaras, capitaéo do campo, cha de pedreste, lantana, lantane, Vehl baum, Schwalke, shrub-verbenas, Wandelbltite, Wandelrose, wild sage Lantana aghyranthifolia Desf. -- cariaco de San Juan, cariaquito blanco, frutilla blanca, frutillo Lantana bahamensis Britton -- Bahama lantana, golden-rod Lantana balsamifera Britton -- Inagua sage-bush Lantana Camara L. -- adelamanyi, akotongm¥, amerikanischer Mehistrauch, ananse d&Skono, ananse dua, ananu -komi, ananu kin-tsho, angelmund, Bahama tea, bahig-bahug, Boenga pagar, bohdé-bohd, cabard-cad, camara, camara, camara & feuilles de melisse, camara piquant, cambard, carrioquito, cinco negritos, common deep orange lantana, corbeille d'or, coronitas, dame cubre galanos, der surinamsche Thé, “nglish sage-bush, &w8n adé1é, &w’n ‘4 1944 Moidenke, Common Names 105 agogo, filigrana, flor de duenda, flor de sangre, flor di sangur, galaba, gekroonde lantana, herbe 4 caiman, herbe & plomb, hunter-does-not-eat-it, Jamaica mountain sage, jaral, jarilla, kajoe singapore, kemantjo, k¥mbang saték, k¥mbang talék, kiskeete, koorsoe Wiwierie, koorsoe wiwiri, koorsoe wiwirie, koortsruid, ; korso-wirie, lantana, lantana & feuilles de mélisse, i maintjo, Marie crabe, Mehlbaum, mora de caballa, oblo, poejéngan, poetj®ngan, red sage, red sage-bush, sage, Salbeystrauch, salijara, salijéré, sauge & feuilles rondes, sauge de montagne, Soldaten Thee, soterre, spider's kenki, surinamischer Thé, Surinam tea plant, tahi ajam, tai hajam, tai kotok, tamandjho, tea plant, tamb¥1ek, t¥mb#lékan, t¥t¥rapan, tjenté, tres colores, venturosa, vieille-fille, viorne d'Amérique, waoeng, wilde salbey, wild sage, wiléran, yellow sage, yemo sigba, yerba de la muestranza, yerba mora Lantana Camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke -- boenga-in tah, bunga asam senyur, bunga pagar, bunga tahi anjing, bunga tahi asu, bunga tahi ayam, bunga tahi ayam busok, camara de espinho, camara espineux, cariaquillo, chénté, comyon lantana, dog's dung flower, hedge flower, kamkung, katu-hinguru, k%mbang satek, k¥mbang telek, lantaine arguillonense, lantan, lantana, lilac lantana, oblo, paka krawng, pink sage, prickly lantana, prickly sage, puch&ngan, puySngan, saliyara, saliyéré, stachelige Lantane, stachlige lantane, tahi ayam munai, tai hayam, tai kotok, témbY1ék, t&mb#lékan, t#t¥rapan, tokalau, waiwai, waung, wiléran Lantana Camara var. flava (Medic.) Moldenke -- lantanna, yellow lantana Lantana Camara var. hybrida (Neubert) Moldenke -- dwarf lantana, lantanna ; Lantana Camara var. mista (L.) L- H. Bailey -- cinco negritos, common lantana, @nglish sage bush, hairy lantana, lantana, lyre, oema koorsoe wiwirie, solande, West Indian coast bramble, wild sage Lantana Camara var. mutabilis (Hook.) L. H. Bailey -- lantana, lilac lantana Lantana Camara var. nivea (Vent.) L. H. Bailey -- camard de flor branca, lantanna, white-flowered lantana, white Lantana Lantana Camara var. sanguinea (Medic.-) L. H. Bailey -- lantanna, red lantana Lantana Camara var. varia (Kuntze) Moldenke -- harlequin lantana, lantanna Lantana Chamissonis (D. Dietr.) Benth. -- cambaré > Lantana citrosa (Small) Moldenke -- hiervade javillas, oregano xiu, sac-chili, toronjil. co “a a 2 a m. 4 * 106 PHYTOLOGIA Vole 2, noe 3 Lantana frutilla Moldenke ~~ frutilla Lantana fucata Lindl. -- Brazilian lantana, camara roseo, cariaco morado Lantana glandulosissima Hayek -- cinco negritos, cinco- negritos, cinco nigritos, confituria amarilla, confiturilla amarilla, frutilla, guaquita, oregano silvestre, oregano xiu, sincuria, tres colores, xo- pec Lantana hispida H.B.K. -- chinkuro, jaral, mora de caballo, orozuz del pais, soterre blanco, toltolquelite Lantana horrida H.B.eK. -- bunch-berry, calico bush, cinco- a, confiturilla, hierba de Christo, lantana, palabra-de-muger, yerba del Cristo Lantana insularis Moldenke -- lantana Lantana involucrata L. —- andornblattrige Lantane, baume de la grande terre, big sage, button sage, camara & feuilles obtuses, common sage-bush, filigrana, lantaine involucrée, monjol, montjoli, montjoli de Cayenne, sage, sage bush, sage tree, Santa Maria, Santa Maria de playa, te de la playa, wild sage, zicilhaxiu Lantana Langlassei Moldenke -- toronjil Lantana macropoda Torr. -- mejorana Lantana Mearnsii Moldenke -* ananse kono, ananu komi, ananu kon-tsho, eleku, hunters! scent, hunters!’ spice, kimbar mahalba, urdi loho'be Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. -- cabard-cad, camard, filigrana, lantana, polecat-geranium, salvia morada, trailing lantana, weeping lantana, weeping-lantana, yeung ue yi fa Lantana Moritziana Otto & Dietr. = cariaquito, flor de sangre Lantana ovatifolia Britton -- ovate-leaved lantana Lantana rugulosa H.B.K. -- venturosa Lantana scorta Moldenke -- frutilla, frutilla para comer, jantana, yerba de tres colores Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. -- cambard, common lilac lantana, Violet King Lantana, yellow lantana Lantana trifolia L. -- benturosa morada, bunga pagar puteh, lantana, oregano, sweet sage, venturosa, yellow sage Lantana urticaefolia Mill. -- drap d'or Lantana velutina Mart. & Gal. -- confite, confite blanca, confiturilla blanca, frutilla, oregano xiu, rosa blanca, salvia alta, sarza mora, tolochocho, tolonchocho penten’ sp. -- bois de sauge, katu-hinguru Lippia Houst. -- lippi, lippia, Lippie, 2itronenlippi Lippia adoénsis Hochst. -- afurati, bahé, bahé-bahé, borom- borom, diohuli, efinrin-gogara, fasau, fetfetti, Gambia tea, gane ba, guilel guéri, kani ba, kimbo, Ne A 3 1944 Moidenke, Common Names 107 kingkilli ba, mbalhat, mbormbor, ng&su, ng&suru, nydna, saa-nunum, sisiling hy amo Li ppiae affinis Schau. -- orégano, oregano di burro, poleo Lippia alba (Hill. ) N. ©. Br. -- alfronbrilla, beukes bosjie, blakka tiki ment, bushy lippia, cidrera, graveelkruidje, hierba del negro, hierba negra, jueanilema, leppie rude, malmequer do mato, malva, malva thee, oregano, palisado, pampa oregano, pan poregano, poleo, poley, Saint Mario, Balvia, salvia morada, sidraera, tarete Lippia Berterii Spreng. -- orégano, orégano de burro, poleo ue ppis Briquetii Moldenke -- amogre Lippia callicarpaefolia H.B.K. -- salvia real Lippia cardiostegia Benth. -- chiligua, orégano montés while Geisseana Solered. -- orégano Lippia graveolens HeB.oK. -- grégano, hierba dulce, oregano, oregano, oregano cimarron, tabay, tarbay, té del pais, xakilche Lippia Grisebachiana Moldenke -- salvia morada Lippia Hoehnei Moldenke -- atiaci Lippia hypoleie Briqe -- cutujume, maste, tah Lippia integrifolia (Griseb.) Hieron. -- manzanillo, poleo, pulco, yerba de Inca Li ppia micromera Schau. -- orégano, origanum, Spabish-thyme Lippia micromera ware Helteri (Britton) Moldenke --mejorana, oregano, orégano Lippia myriocephala Schlecht. & Cham. -- tatascame, vera blanca Lippia oxyphyllaria (Donn. Sm.) Standl. -- caragra Lippia Palmeri S. Wats. -- orégano, origano Lippia Palmeri var. spicata Rose -- origaro Lippia Pringlei Brig. —= bacaton, batayaqui, choila, chokili, matayaki, tabaquilla, talabao, talakao Lippia Pseudo-thea (A. St. Hil.) Schau. -- camara faux thé, capitao do mato, cha de pedreste, faux thé, thé de piéton Lippia Recolletae Morong -- malvena Li ippia a scabra Hochst. -- mu-tswane Lippia substrigosa Turcz. -- salvia santa Lippia Torresii Stand]. -- caragra, caragra negra, caragre Lippia turbinata Griseb. -- poleo, té del pais Lippia turbinata f. angustifolia Osten -- poleo ippia umbellata Cav. -- droceria, drosira ippia yucatana Loes. -- salvia poblana, xolténuuc Nashia Panne Millsp. -- moujean tea Neosparton ephedroides Griseb. -- chinquillo, pichanilla retamo Peronema canescens Jack -- djati sabrang, ki sabrang, loeroes, soengkai, soengkai m¥lajoe Petitia Jacq. -- black-fiddlewood, Petitie, petitier 108 PHYTOLOGIA ‘Vol. 2, noe a Petitia domingensis Jacq. -- bastard stopper, bastard- stopper, black-fiddlewood, black-heart fiddlewood, bois de fredoche, bois d'ortie, bois pelé, bois sans écorce, capé&, capa amarillo, capd& amarillo, capa-blanca, capa blanco, capa& de sdbana, capdé sabanero, capa savannah, chen a gren, chéne calebasic, chéne calebassic, chien a gren, fiddlewood, fiddle-wood, fidéle, guayo, guayo prieto, petitia, petitier de Saint-Domingue, roble guayo, spur tree, westindische Petitie Petraeovitex multiflora (J. @. Sm.) Merr. -- hahiat, seroe wari, tali boeboe Petrea Houst. -- pétrée, purplewreath, whitewreath Petrea Andrei Moldenke -- chivovo gueb Petrea arborea H.B.K. -- blue tree petrea, lilac, tosatido, tostadito Petrea arborea var. Broadwayi Moldenke -- bridal-wreath Petrea aspera Turcz. -- bejuco de hajo, biura, flor de la cruz, flor de mayo, Santa Lucia, tostadito, viuda Petrea bracteata Steud. -- hajauballi saléroe, hayariballi, parapo, petraea, sandpaper-vine Petrea glandulosa Pittier -- penitente Petrea Kohautiana Pres] -- bridal wreath, liane rude, lilas, purple reef-plant, purplewreath, sandpaper-flowers, tree petrea, white petrea Petrea Kohautiang var. alba (Freeman & Williame ) Moldenke -- bridal-wreath Petrea macrostachya Benth. -- moronea Petrea peruviana Moldenke -- sanango sacha Petrea pubescens Turcz. -- pluma Petrea racemosa Nees -- flor de S. Miguel, flor de viuva, 1a pétrée grimpante, purple wreath, purple-wreath, touca de viuva, twining petraea, viuvinha Petrea rugosa H.B.K. -- chaparillo, chaparrillo, mamoncillo Petrea volubilis L. -- adelfa, adolfina, bejuco de caballo, bejuco del caballo, buird, carbonera del monte, chaparrito, chaparro, choreque, ci contre, coamecate azul, colacion, estrella Bz s flor de Jesus, flor de papel, flor de Santa Marfa, hoja chigue, jazmin, jazmin azul, 18 pétrée grimpante, lengua de vaca, liane de Str Jean, liane rude, liane Saint-Jean, opp-tzimin, potrea, piocha viejo, purple wreath, purple-wreath, queen's- wreath, raspa sombrero, sandpaper-vine, Santa Rita, soltero, stapelia-flowered petrea, tortills tortada del caballo, tortilla tostada del caballo, totopostillo, twining petreea, yoch opp tzimin, yoxop-9imin Petrea volubilis var. pubescens Moldenke -- chorreque, cuera de zapo, flor de Jesus, raspa-guacal Phyla Lour. -- fog-fruits, frog-fruit, frog-fruits Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene -- vhapparal, Mexican He a EO a ee ee ee a ee ae eee meee ee, See i ae -" or e “5 A 1944 Moldenke, Common Names | 109 heliotrope, wedgeleaf frog-fruit, wedge-leaved fog- fruit Phyla incisa Small -- fog-fruit, frog fruit, spatulate- leaved fog-fruit, wedgeleaf frog fruit, weighty fog- fruit Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene -- fog fruit, fog-fruit, frog-fruit, spatulate-leaved fog-fruit Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene -- ana-coluppa, bhui-okra, busbusi, cape-weed, chhota okra, cidron, creeping lippia, fog fruit, fog-fruit, fox-fruit, fraise de mer, frog fruit, Godet's-weed, godon kada, herimena-kola, hierba de la Virgen Marfa, 1ién fuen, lopu-lopu, lopu- lupu, naculad, nakulad, orozus, sarad buti, sirik puto, sirik puyo, spatulate-leaved fog-fruit, spepetun, sprain bush, te cimarrén, turkey tangle, verveine, verveine du pays, verveine sauvage Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.K.) Moldenke -- hierba de hormiga Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (H.B.K.) Moldenke -- buttonweed, hierba de hormiga, larger creeping lippia, spepetun, wedge-leaved fog-fruit Phyla nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke -- yerba-de la Vir gen Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke -- corronchocho, hierba buena, hierba dulce, honey-herb, malba, neuctixihuitl, orozul, orozus, orozuz, orozuz de latierra, orozuz del pais, salvia santa, yerba dulce Phyla stoechadifolia (L-) Small -- cabalyaxnic, cabal- yaxnic, marsh lippia, té del pais, te negro, thé del paiz, yerba Luisa Elena Premna L. -- anderése, Bocksmtille, bokkeblad, premme Premna acuminatissima Merr. -- sai ko din nuang Premna adenosticta Schau. -- kalanggiduan, kalipdpa-madam, kla, lanabau, lifigo-lifigo, magupai, mulduinaso, sasalit Premna barbata Wall. -- bakar, bakharcha Premna. bengalensis C. B. Clarke -- dhaoli, gabbu nelli, "_ gohora, gwyheli, sungna Prema congesta Merr. -- alakdag Premna cordifolia Roxb. -- amboeng-amboeng lacet, baroewas, baroew%h, baroh, b%roewas, boewas—-boewas, si baroeweh Premna corymbosa (Burm. f.) Rottl. & Willd. -- agetha, agnimantha, aguy abat, aloalo, andarése, appel, arbre a la migraine, arbre de la migraine, arni, babon, bakarcha, balabi, b&buas, b&buat, bmit-bhirari, Bocksblatt, bois de bouc bois sureau sauvage, bokkeblad, chah leud, chamdari,daoen kambina, ganiari, ganikérike, ganniari, ghebu-nelli, gineri, goemira, headache tree, indjaro, inrelo, xarnike, ki pahang, ki seungit, middf-gass, muiney kfray, munnay, munni-vayr, 110 PH Y-T:0 2-0: GE.4 Vol « 2, nose naérvel, pinne-nelli, sajor kambing, singkil, singkil alas, toung-than-gyee, ustabunda Premna corymbosa var. obtusifolia (R. Br.) Fletcher -- adgau, agau, pedau, alagau, alagéu-blanko, alagdu- dagat, alalgéu, anobrang, aragéu, argdu, naga Prema corymbosa var. sambucina (Wall.) Moldenke -- kaikoa, ~~. kuabalon, qarovo, remako, siba, talitue Premna Cumingiana Schau. -- plageu, banaba, magalas, magilig, magilik, maladpi, manabé, maparai, mulmagan, palaudiduan Prema divaricata Wall. -- akar buas tunggal, akar jutong, akar mSlor padang, akar p&rindu, akar rachun tikus, bois de bouc, buas-buas, field jasmine, lingue bJanc, rat-poison climber, t®nung rimau puteh Premna foetida Reinw. -- ambong-ambong laut, buas—buas, ‘ drekhout, karuana, kua, pokok buru hantu, remako, sibo, varo Prema Gaudichaudii Schau. -- ahgao, ngurunguru, waro, waro ndamu Premna hispida Benth. -- bilankuru fida, kaf¥i, kafi Premna. Latifolia Roxb. -- chambadi , chambari, dauli, gineri, " gondona, michapgong, middi, nella, nelli, nellf kira, pedda-nella-kira, padda nellf kira Premna latifolia var. cuneata C. B. Clarke -- dangra seya Premna latifolia var. mucronata (Roxb.) C. B. Clarke -- agniu, agnium, bakar, bakarcha, bakhurchu, bankar, basota, ganhile, ganhin, gfan, jhatela, tumari Premna membranacea var. cordata Merr. -- nago Prema. nauseosa Blanco -—- agrau, alagau-gubat, ananghit, ~ anghit, angsuen, ansuan, areu, mala~mulauin, muléuin- aso Premna octonervia Merr. & Metc. -- sai ko din nuang, tai ip ~ shan po Premna odorata Blanco -- aagdu, abgdu, adgdu, adiyo, agbdu, OP SUE OSE ¢ ~ agdau, alagdu, anobran, argau, atingi, duragdu, guachal, lagau, lassi, pumuhat, tangli, tibangiigen Premna parasitica Blume -- areuj ki hoedjan, djati areuj Premna quadrifolia Schum. & Thonn. -- dengS, gyengya aforowa, ogboso-tsho, ogbosu Premna stellata Merr. -- manaba Premna subglabra Merr. -- adgdu, agdu, alagséu, alagéu- blanko, aridu, salipdpa Premna subscandens Merr. -- alagdu-baging, anangget, anobrang-ng-limanut, sikir-fNg-purau, uradgau Premna taitensis Schau. -- nici, tavotavo, warowaro, yaro Premna taitensis var. rimatarensis F. H. Bre -- aloalo, rauvula, tavu, yaro Premna tomentosa Willd. -- b¥boelang handak, b&buas, bird's nest, boelang, boengboelang, boenglang, bulang; eta ‘ — 1944 Moldenke, Common Names 111 bungbulang, bunglang, gadoengan, gadungang, g&mboelang, gémbulang, lajas-lajas, 1¥%ban chapo, 1¥ban tjapo, oenit, piat, pisang-pisang, sarang burong, t¥mbaroh, unit . Premna trichostoma Miq. -- buas, m¥dang palu Priva Adans. -- Drehling, Eisenhart, velvet bur Priva adhaerans (Forsk.) Chiov. -- arabischer Bisenhart, hamsched Priva aspera H.B.K. -- chile gieco, chirrite, churrite, pengua, salvia alta . Priva cordifolia (L. f.) Druce -- obeera, scharfblattrige Drehling, wotray cheddy Priva cordifolia var. abyssinica (Jaub. & Spach) Moldenke -- nassak Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. -- amor seco, berbenilla, bur vervain, bur-vervain, cadillito, cadillo, cadillo de bolea, calluncay, carbroom, cat's-tongue, cayuncay, cola de alacrdn, collant, costdén, globito, guanaboa, guerit tout, heal-all, herbe 4 l'angine, klettenartiger Eisenhart, mozote, mozote de gallina, mozote de pollo, mozotillo, pedagoso, pegajosa, pega~pega, pega pollo, Sonderahre, stick-tight, styptic bur, tzalluntzay, velvet bur, velvet-bur, verbena, voekoe voekoe tolman, xpakunpak, 2a] lunaay Priva mexicana (L.) Pers. -~- mexikanischer Bisenhart, verveine du Mexique Priva rhinanthifolia (Mart. & Gal.) B. L. Robinson -- ' pionillo Pseudocarpidium ilicifolium (A. Rich.) Millsp. -- ‘chicharron, navaja de verraco, pico de cotorra Pseudocarpidium mitidens (Urb.) Moldenke -- chicharron Pseudocarpidiun Wrightii Millsp. -- chicharron, Wright's pseud ocarpidium Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Moldenke -- bhuijam, bhumijambu, bhimi-jambuka, huniyan, kada met, méla niredu Pygmaeopremna humilis Merr. -- huniyan Rehdera penninervia Standl. & Moldenke -- palo blanco Rehdera trinervis (Blake) Moldenke -- llayo, sacuisilche, eee eee saquilzciche Rhaphithamnus Miers -- citarexilon Rhaphithamnus spinosus (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke -~ amydn macho, arayan de espino, arrayaén de espino, arrayén espinudo, arraydén macho, espino, espino blanco espino negro, -guayun, nayun, prickly-myrtle, repu, repu mayun Rhaphithamnus venustus (R. A. Phil.) Be Le Robinson -- arayan macho, arrayén macho, espinillo, juan bueno Sphenodesme barbata (Wall.) Schau. -- aga lumut, akar chabane lima, akar lumut, akar m&ruan, five-points aie POW Y.T 040-4. f° # Vole 2, no. 3 Climber, hutat, lLembu-lembu, lilimbo Sphenodesme borneénsis Merr. -- sumpin Sphenodesme pentandra Jack -- akar k&tu-k&tu, akar lintang ruas, akar subang, akar tanak rimau, bunga kértas, ear- _ stud climber, lentang ruas, paper flower, shan pak tang Sphenodesme triflora Wight -- akar bisa, akar bisar, akar katup-katup, akar m@mali, akar pinang gusi, akar risa, akar sambu, akar s&mpuleh Stachytarpheta Vahl -- bastard vervain, Dichta&hre, Eisenbart, Eisenhart, Fettahre, gervao, ogervaéo Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl -- chilillo, esponjilla Stachytarpheta australis Moldenke -- gervao, tinho Stachytarpheta Calderonii Moldenke -- verbena Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl -- akojoe malakali, akojoe mala kali, burr vine, cola de millo, corocillo, gerbdao, ervao, Java verbena, kaka -kankan, kuka kankang, 1a che rat, large leaf, man kaka kakkan, Nuenu-pichada, ojediballi, ojédiballi, snake-rattle, ucullucui-sacha, ucullucuy sacha, verbena, verbena ancha, verbene blanca, verbena falsa, verbena negra, vervaine, water vine Stachytarpheta elatior var. Jenmani Moldenke -- esponjilla Stachytarpheta Frantzii Polak. -- cola de alacran, cola de armado, mazote, verbena, verbena celeste, verbena morada Stachytarpheta fruticosa (Millsp.) B. L. Robinson -— Bahama vervain Stachytarpheta guatemalensis Moldenke -- camag o1al, San Diego, verbena Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl -- brasilianischer Tee, Brazilian tea, djarong lalaki, Tast Indian false vervain, herbe & chenilles, jarbao, jarung lalaki, ngadi réngga, orgibao, queue de rat, roemdjaroem, sSlaseh dandi, s¥laseh hutan, spotted basil, thé du Brésil, vervain, verveine bleue, verveine queue de rat, woodland basil Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl -- abontennua, agba, &agOgo igun, albaka, angkasa-angkasa, ankasa, bastard vervain, berbena, bilu-bilu, biron, blue-flower, bolomoros, Brazilian tea, Brazilian-tea, devil's coach whip, djarong, g&wongan, ibinxiu, irt aldngba, irt amure, Jamaica vervain, kaka kairkau, kaka kankan, kandikandildan, karoménal, large leaf, limbagat, lizard's tail, mes, mouse's bowstring, nagabo-so, nsunsu, oi, Spd para, pig's dung grass, queue de rat, rat's tail, rumput tahi babi, s&kar laroe, s%laseh dandi, spotted basil, tabonsu, talche, tanagya, tanodza, tsarkiyar kusu, tuetu, verbena, verbena azul, Sg ee AN RE TM TT RT ee 1944 Moldenke, Common Names| 113 verbena cim, verbena de playa, verbena manza, vervain, verveine, verveine queve de rat, water vine, wesussi, Wutsiyar 'bera, wutsiyar kadangare, wutsiyar kusu Stachytarpheta Maximiliani Schau. —- ger vao Stachytarpheta Mexiae Moldenke -- pedrésy Stachytarpheta mtabilis (Jacq.) Vahl -- balunakuta, bois de chenilles rouge, djarongan, jarongan, ki meurit beur scum, laler méngéng, rém&k g&tih, rumput puti, verveine A fleurs rouges Stachytarpheta orubica (L.) Vahl -- aristate bastard-vervain Stachytarpheta polyura Schau. -- gervao Stachytarpheta Robinsoniana Moldenke -- xtalché aera straminea Moldenke -- verbena negra Stachytarpheta trinitensis Moldenke -- verbena Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims -- albdka, balu- nakuta, biana ana blau, bilu-bilu, biron, blue rats tail, bolomoros, comasi, djarong, jaih babi, kandikandildan, karoménal, kena-qele-yago, limbagat, maukakarawa, mautofu tala, mautofu vao, mofalu, mokaukarau kedra, motofu, nettle-leaved bastard-vervain, nettle-lLeaved cymburus, ngadi-renggo, sekar-laru, tumbutumbu, turu- Levu Stilbe Berg. -- Heidenmiille, stilbé Svensonia laeta (Fenzl) Moldenke -- marib Symphor ema involucratum Roxb. -- gubba ddéra, konda tekkali, nwey-sat, surudu Symphorema luzonicum (Blanco) Fern.-ill. -- baldbai, malabulaon, malasiad, malasiag, malaskog, mul auing- b&ging, pamuleklakin Tectona L. f. -- Indian oak, teak, teak tree, teak wood, tectona, teka, Tekbaum, tektone, thek, Theka-baum, ~ Tiek-baum, Tik-baum Tectona grandis L. f. -- edaritéku, bois de teck, bois de tek, cajaten-hout, gaka, cay-g0-gia tri, chene des Indes, chéne du Malabar, chingjagu, dalanang, dalandon, dati, d31%¢, djati, djati, Djatibaum, djatiboom, djatti-boom, djattie, djattie-boon, dodolan, Vast Indian oak, Eisenholzbaum, fati, hadlaydti, hati, iattie, Indian oak, indische Eicha. indische eik, indische Teak, jadt, jati, Jatibaum, jatiboom, kalayati, khaka, kyun, kywon, loheru, pedda téku, Bag, sag, sagon, sagun, sagin, sagin, ségun, saguna, sagunyati, sagvén, SagWan, Sagwan, sagwan, sagweni, saigun, 8aj, séj, sak, saka, sdka, sa&khi, sal, sal, segun, segun, sigwan, singuru, sipna, teak, Teakbaum, teakboom, teak tree, teak tree of India, teak wood, teca, téca, teck, teck des Indes, téga, tepgina, tégu, tek, ték, teka, Tek-berm, teke, tekka, tekka-maram, tekku, tékku, tékkumaram, téku, téku-mdnu, theca, theck, Theka Baum, 114