*,) oe! ik rah if vl Tin iv way Wiha acta ‘Ww ea if Lea he ? bat wa Ait Minto a sf ' Vela: a tat mar ¥i wy ap NI rh SHAD ‘y aa’ wt ih itis a Wey Lvk beat m1 fh ag Vib Waliny POR GTaT ‘senrel al he : ats NRE rant Hv Ny Pit DNs 4 7 ini Nj pitiey WKY a eos ve pirat et ; f wih ' Le NK "Cre, iy We uae er ea inet ‘ " pig Thy hy Ny Poy was oe h Se Vane Vw whi) eu aa ‘. MURAD Ak PA & “4 : Myer Mit re He ant He ‘ NW Py iN uy Ny arene yh! Hye a a 4% re HORN heh pate Hes SOL BETAS ie he manne Dt r Ines A Fehr ta eee DD i ah uty * bala i) ® Mth > * pews Wis, * ni Wivw "y t de eee \ \ Mal? sith nay i ; : ue Lt A 3 at Pee ey phd Or ate Ail AUNS eth) ay it in WS i perth v xy ‘ ee ry re j 4 type nh ikl. : Ha Eis Anna} ak eh a as ’ abet) ey }; r bly @ala th + ‘ i ore Aue a) Haig ! ely Vee bea) Laat / Ve iMag o wit Meni ra! iy PR ahi iit A ty ‘haga ee clad Pe us VAT ATS . Aa Tit eae ee beh Sh “i 7” mi Nei Miler any ete stie a Pt ¥ Doh JH yoy ba " iY rh, ou ey ikhwoen h Wi a Wii ee) Nalin by hy hy Vy My et BAT WU hash \y WTA iY We whit wi sat | WPT As ae 4 ey Wiis te Body wads yy ek yy ™ Hs iui nit Me at) wet " feta Misty Vital * AT wi NalHa Ly an ae al; \ i inh a PPA ary Hin ae Hh lite ie? Oi ee te i hay TaN a ty ied OE Ou ‘ ys 9 im phe {ie Pave AV vip Wey NS . nh) As y. o nit) "¢ uhhh ig ran eh bite Av) Hilly] TD A ve Lit ai tie , Pointe - bho Bis rte bs ate " Pea reuet (Ceres rer Meat NEN vithivay lace ae | 1 Neer y Pal by eight hela aby ee tdiy Was) bet yna Aaa MY Sel 1K) Ag tf Ad ys; Koh ry vye rd 1 A MAA Ee hb hig Ad age DAD? teeters ec te ee Ve wee Onn ita’ oo met regs Peony AWonie F sefca hd FePeibut ey tithe NAW a Hap vy og ag wif ytd ae Char eerrers: fe ie ‘ t a ny _ PHYTOLOGIA Com Designed to expedite botanical publication F Vol. 4 March, 1952 No. 1 CONTENTS -Gueason, H. A., Some fundamental concepts in taxonomy............ 1 t Gueason, H. A., Change of name for certain plants of the DA OMG RONG) 3 inset hot ) q f : ; e _ Monacuino, J. V., A new combination in Schindleria........ Me RCA 39 ~ Moupenxe, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy be Pin plants. Bere he ES. 2 al aaa aa iat, 41 Pfotbenar, H. N., The known geographic distribution of ae iy the Peahase of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, a 4 aes Stilbaceae, Symphoremaceae, and. Eriocaulaceae. ' MN ot Sac DLeenl BAS .-402s.<-cascnsgeanareetdeieoverealebiNeseavcasade rib sda 65 , ; ‘ a es _ Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke a eS RK. 15 Glenbrook Avenue ‘ J Sea Yonkers 5, New York So eee ee . ‘chee Price of this number, $1; per volume, $5 in advance Se ae Vol. 3, No. 9, was issued October 22, 1951 , oS ‘ SOME FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN TAXONOMY H. A. Gleason Since the beginning of taxonomy as a science, which we may date at 1753, it has been beset by objectors. Every innovation in the accepted procedure has been criticized. Linnaeus! sexual system, the first forward step in class- ification in half a century, had its opponents. Binomial nomenclature was not fully adopted for a few decades. Ex- cept binomial names, which had long been and still are in common use by various peoples, and except the subordination of species to genus, which dates back at least two thousand years, every important principle and practive in taxonomy has been an innovation, and we may be sure that each of them has received its due share of objection and criticism before it was generally accepted. Even these may theoretically be discarded in the future, just as various other ideas have already been permanently rejected after experience with them. The reason for this condition will be obvious, if one will stop to reflect on the fundamental nature of taxonomic re- search. Our sciencé is not an exact mental discipline, as mathematics; neither is it an exact experimental science, as chemistry or physics. No field of botany can compare with these sciences in precision; genetics and plant physiology offer the nearest approach to them. Taxonomy must be regarded as an interpretative science. de observe various phenomena of plants as completely and as accurately as we can with our limited powers. ‘e cogitate on our observations and the result of our thought is expressed as a taxonomic conclusion. We have interpreted our observa- tions and formed an opinion. Those who engage in taxonomic research have always pre- viouly acquired a considerable body of botanical knowledge. This knowledge is unavoidably a potent factor in directing and controlling our taxonomic conclusions. we invariably try to make our opinions conform to ous established ideas. Usuale ly we succeed, and we emerge with an opinion which offers nothing new but is merely an extension or continuation of the prevailing thought of tne time. Innovations in taxonomic thought and procedure, some of which fall, some of which are eventually generally adopted, come only from those with the courage to depart from convention, a courage which is forced upon them by tne weignt of their own observations. Taxonomists no longer propound tneories which are based on pure speculation without some foundation of observable fact. il 2 PH YT OSE OnG eis Vol. ), Has 2 They may carry their reasoning further than their basic mow ledge justifies, or we may think that they do if we disagree with them, but back of every theory there is always some fact. Botanical facts enter our mind through our five senses, chief= iy through our sight. Taxonomists have, in general, about the same powers of observation. ‘What is known to one is known to another, or can be verified by another if he desires. To be sure, ro one knows everything about any plant, and new facts are constantly being discovered and our existing ideas amended accordingly. After taking full account of new discoveries, after making every allowance for errors in our conclusions caused by im complete or faulty observation, it is still apparent that the mental processes of taxonomists, by which these facts are di- gested, differ so widely and have differed so continuously that various taxonomic matters have been in controversy for two centuries. If we look over the field of taxonomy even hastily, we can find three general eubjects on which there nas been, is, and probably long will be great discussion. In two hundred years we have reached no permanent conclusion. Probably most of us will think first of the problems of nomenclature. The International Rules, since their adoption in 1867, have been considerably amended three times and some= wnat changed twice. Scores of proposed amendments, often conflicting, submitted to the Stockholm Congress by scores of taxonomists from many countries, indicate the dissatisfaction and disagreement still prevalent among botanists. If the exe perience of the past five sessions of the International Con- gress can be any guide to the future, we may confidently ex- pect still other proposed changes and still other adopted amendments at the next meetings. Nomenclature, however, is not a taxonomic problem. It has nothing to do with the kinds of plants and deals only with the names applied to them. We exclude it from further discussion here. A second problem is tne arrangement of the families and orders in accordance with their probable phylogeny. The change from the old sequence of Bentham and Hooker to that of Engler and Prantl was severe, but no greater than the change from both advocated by Hallier and in this country by Bessey, Schaffner, and Pool, or the still later proposals of Lotsy, Hutchinson, Pulle, and others. Although phylogeny is one of the most important problems of taxonomy, it will not be dis= cussed further here. Distinctly taxonomic is the third problem of the nature and scope of the species, the genus, and the various other categories of classification. Much has been written on the concept of the genus, on the difference subspecies and var- iety, and similar topics. Many attempts have been made to 1952 Gleason, Fundamental Concepts in Taxonomy define the species, and most of the definitions have been fully satisfactory only to the definer. This is the problem which we propose to diecuss in the following paragraphs. If the reader expects to find a weighty pronouncement on any of these matters all ready for him to demolish by his own super- ior wisdom, he would do better to turn to the statements of various contemporaries who apparently know all about them. If he expects to chortle in glee at the wit and sarcasm which we shall direct against some hapless botanist, he had better lay this down and pick up a copy of the New Yorker. The concept of genus and species is not a new one, al- though some biosystematists give one the impression that they are the original discoverers, or even the inventors of the idea. The concept is vastly old, and because it is so old we have to consider some of the fundamental ideas which underly it. Of course it has changed somewhat with the increase of botanical knowledge, and its use by the taxonomist of today differs somewhat from its earlier use by the laity. Just tne same, its present connotation in even our most advanced (or most radical) taxonomic work is a direct result of its earl- ier and simpler history. Our science has grown, both in breadth and depth, out of the contacts of early man with the world of plants about him. The changes which we may detect are the changes of a normal ontogeny. As the poet said, "the child is father to the man." The concept of species and genus is inextricably bound with certain matters of semantics and certain mental proces- ses. To get it properly ovefore us, I propose to discuss three general concepts or principles upon which taxonomy is founded and a fourth which we have developed for ourselves. Some of these will have to be presented in a very elementary WAY « Ag every taxonomist knows, the original meaning of genus in the Latin tongue was a kind of something, while a species was a special kind. From the general meaning of the two words in ancient times, through the loose application to plants by the pre-Linnaean fathers of botany and their re- stricted application in post-Darwinian time, down to the pre- sent day, the words have changed from the common speech of the laity and become technical terms of the taxonomist. Nev- ertheless, the words still carry inherently within them some_ implications derived with little or no change from the orig- inal usage. The most apparent of these is the subordination of species to genus. There is nothing in the origin of the words to indicate that every species must belong to a genus or that every genus must contain a species. The next appar- ent implication in meaning is more obvious in tne English translation kind. As soon as we stop to consider, we realize h PHY To ONa. Oars Vol. , nosed that in every instance, we know or we infer from past experi- ence that a kind of plant includes a number of individuals all more or less alike. Washington £lm or Charter Oak or General Grant Sequoia do not denote kinds of plants; they are proper nouns applied to individuals. Ulmus americana or American Elm denote a plurality of individualsl they are com mon nouns. The mere fact that each of these terms consists of two epithets does not affect their standing as nouns, even though the grammarian may insist that half of each term is adjectival. This brings us to the first and most elementary idea in taxonomy, tne population. The Concept of Population This word, derived from the Latin populus, people, soon lost its original meaning in English and became, according to webster, “the whole number of people or inhabitants ina country, section, or area.” It was only a snort step from this meaning to apply it to other organisms besides Homo sapiens. It was taken over by the biologist and used to in- dicate, again quoting Webster, "the organisms, collectively, inhabiting an area or region." Such an expression as 'the bird population of an orchard' is intelligible to anyone. It is equally practicable to speak of the 'weed population' of the same orchard. Still later, according to Webster, the word was used in statistics to denote "the entire group of organisms, from which samples are taken for measurement," or any "group of persons, objects, or items." In this sense the word is commonly used in various branches of science today. How does it happen that a group of objects can be estab- lished? What is tne real basis of this concept of popula- tion? Webster's definition of the cognate word people em phasizes a point which also appears but is not clearly ex- pressed in the other definitions. People denotes a body of persons "united by a common character,” and it is at once apparent that the only basis and the only reason for the modern concept of population lies in the similarity of the component individuals. As used by the biologist, the word is always a collective noun and connotes a plurality of individ- uals all of which have some point or points of similarity. This likeness may be of any kind qualitatively (that is, based on any common character) and of any degree quantitate ively. Thus, the bird population of an orchard is composed of individuals with just two effective points of similarity: tney are all birds and they all live in the same orchard. From this loose but perfectly valid use of tne term, there is every gradation to the highly restricted populations of the geneticist, who may have for study a group of plants or 1952 Gleason, Fundamelital Concepts in Taxonomy animals in which the individuals are so closely related by descent, so closely similar in every observable character, that they are essentially identical. When population was defined as a group from which samples were taken for statistical study, it might more appropriate- ly have been stated 'for any kind of scientific study.’ #ith either term, the selection of samples and the conclusions drawn from their study are based on the assumption that all the individuals of the population are alike, at least in the features which are the subjects of the study, and therefore tnat the results derived from the study of somes will be ap- plicable to tne group as a whole. Now that is precisely what we do in taxonomy. Our studies or a kind of plant are never based on the whole population, but only on that fraction of the total which we are able to see alive in tne field and preserved in tne nerbarium. ‘when we srite a description of a species or a genus or any other taxonomic group, we believe that our description will apply to all the individuals which constitute tnat unit. It is only natural that the new systematists' should adopt the term population for groups of individuals which have some sort of taxonomic status. They find it to be a very useful term and other taxonomists will also use it to advantage. Ecologists think without mental strain of the bird popula- tion of an orchard, a group whose only taxonomic aimilarity is their membership in the class Aves, or even of the biota of the same orchard, including all the plants and animals. Taxonomists and geneticists commonly use the term in a more restricted sense, limiting it to a species or part of a spe= cies. It is equally applicable to any superior groupe A genus or a family is composed of a number (presumably large) of individuals all possessing in common a certain set of characters. The use of the term population for such a group may seldom be useful, but it is certainly technically ad- missible. The Concept of Kind In taxonomy, tne first and most fundamental of all con- cepts is that of the existence of kinds of plants. Kinds were recognized long before the emergence of botany as a sci- ence. Dioscorides and Theophrastus and Vergil wrote about them; scores of kinds are named in the Bible. éven the first chapter of Genesis says "Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind." They were known before language was committed to writing; all contemporary primitive races know them and have names for them. They antedate the human race; certainly the monkeys distinguish kinds, eating the one and refusing the other. They were distinguished at a still 6 PY) OO Gare Vol. 4, no. 1 level of animal evolution; the Zebra Swallowtail butterfly flits through our woods and deposits its eggs only on the Papawe The only way to understand the basic nature of the con- cept, to formulate an adequate definition of kind, is to cone sider many kinds of plants and ascertain what characters they possess in common. Since we desire to get to the fundament- als of the problem, we must draw our ideas not from the kinds of plants accepted by the modern taxonomist, but from those. known to the layman. I have developed the ideas which are presented below not from literature or from the opinions of professional taxonomists, but from actual conversation with a number of persons of intelligence but uneduca'ted and untrained in botanical matters. First, a kind consists of and includes a plurality of in- dividuals. So far as the actual number is concerned, it may vary from the score of Sequoias which he sees on a vacation in California to the millions of plants of wheat which he raises on his Kansas farm. The taxonomist will retort that there are many kinds of plants known only through a single individual. That is true, but, in originally describing a species from a single individual, the taxonomist tacitly as- sumes or piously hopes that additional plants will eventually be found and experience teaches that they usually are. It is of course theoretically possible that a kind might arise by evolution as a single first plant, and practically possible that a moribund kind might persist as a single last individ- ual, as did that last passenger pigeon in the Cincinnati zoo. Second, the individuals of a kind are alike, perceptibly alike to the human senses. Keeping to the kinds known to the layman, we can easily see that the likeness may be of any degree and lie in any or all features of the plant. we ob- serve, in general, that striking or conspicuous features or superficialities are sometimes given greater weight than by the taxonomist. An orchardist, for example, will speak of the many different kinds of apple, basing his kinds on the color, size, shape, and flavor of the fruit, while the tax- onomist is content with the single kind Pyrus Malus. The layman very seldom tries to analyze what the features of Similarity are. He recognizes a kind by the totality of its characters and is often unable to tell or lacks the words to tell how or why he knows it. In the field, the taxonomist recognizes plants in exactly the same way. It is only in writing for others that he finds it necessary to express in words certain distinctive and often minute diagnostic char- acters. Tnird, a kind of plant is not divided. It seems to be an indivisible unit. Ifa group of plants can be and ig divided 1952 Gleason, Fundamental Concepts in Taxonomy by the layman, the result is not subdivisions of a kind but two or more kinds. I once got a number of ideas from a far- mer that I knew. I asked him tne name of a plant growing along his fence, I believe zt was Specularia perfoliata, and his reply was "That's just a weed." I wondered if I could now get any evidence that to him a 'weed' was one kind of plant. So I asked him about another, and he replied that it was “another kind of weed." In other words, among observant people, such as a farmer with his weeds, a lumberman with his trees, a gardener with his flowers, kinds are recognized but names are not always available to apply to them. Fourth, every kind of plant, so far as known to the layman by actual experience, has genetical continuity, and this be— lief is instinctively extended to every other kind of plant as well. It is axiomatic in the minds of all people who have any contact with plants. It dates back to the very dawn of agriculture. Nineteen hundred years ago it was so well es- tablished that the Apostle wrote to the Galatians "whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap," and on this platitude as a text he developed a sermon. To be sure, the layman has not demanded continuity through seed-reproduction; he has long known that some kinds of plants will not 'come true’ by seed and must be maintained by grafts or cuttings. The recognition of kinds of plants, each one with morpho- logical similarity and genetical continuity, is fundamental to all our practical work in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry and to all our research in pure botany. The cytol- ogist who observes the various stages in the development of the embryo-sac of Lilium Martagon correctly concludes that the same phenomena occur in every other plant of the same kind. The physiologist who finds that seeds from a certain individual plant will not germinate until they have been frozen correctly concludes that seeds from any other plant of the same kind will need the same treatment. And in gen- eral, all our botanical discoveries are made from individuals and are then extended to cover all plants of that particular kind. This analysis of kind has been drawn from contemporary ex=- perience. There is no reason to think or to expect that the concept among thelaity has changed in the last several cent- uries; in the writings of herbalists and pre-Linnaean botan- ists there is no evidence that it has changed. Kinds were accepted intuitively and no one stopped to ask or consider whether a certain population should be called a kind or not. The characters of a kind, which I have tried to reduce to four, were axiomatic. #very one knew that there were many pea vinesin the world; that they were all so much alike that one name would serve for all of them; that they were still 8 P HY) POS Gre Vol. 4, no. 1 peas, even though they did vary a little in size or other features; and that ripe peas, if planted, would produce ano- ther crop of peas next yeare Nothing could be simpler. And yet these kinds (excepting horticultural varieties, as we now know them), called that or some other homely term by the English writers, or some equally familiar term in the other languagesof the time, were known by the equivalent Latin word species when they were discussed by the learned. As species they came down to Linnaeus and were accepted by him; as species we still know them today. If we next compare the modern popular concept of kind with the modern taxonomist's concept of species, we find that they are still essentially identical. We admit freely that there are kinds accepted by the laity which will not be regarded as species by the taxonomist. Some of these are based on too narrow a degree of similarity, as the varieties of apples. Some lack the sort of genetical continuity which the taxono- mist usually requires, as the varieties of cultivated Dahlia, although I never knew a taxonomist who rejected Lilium tigri- mum as a species because it produces no seeds. Some species are distinguished by characters which the layman can not or does not easily observe and are accordingly neglected by him; these are usually accepted by the layman as soon as their characters are pointed out. (I remember the intelligent man in Illinois who knew just one kind of Milkweed, not digeting- uishing between Asclepias syriaca and A. Sullivantii, and I remember the smile that spread over his face when I showed him the difference between them.) The accuracy with which the layman knows kinds in precise- ly the same sense as the taxonomist knows his species is often surprising. I have remarked on this mtter before, but will repeat some instances. A boy of fourteen in California, who had not studied even high school botany, told me there were four kinds of Filaria. I identified them to four species of Erodium as accepted by Jepson in his Manual. A Maryland far- mer was asked about a tree which grew near his home. He re= lied "That is a 'specie' of Red Oak." So it was: the Southern Red Oak or Spanish Oak, Quercus falcata. A botanist at Buit- enzorg told me that the Malays who served as field assistants in botanical exploration had names for almost all kinds of plants and that their use of a different name was an almost infallible guide to a different species, even though its specific characters were not immediately detected by the bote anist. I had personally the same experience with an Indian in South America, but soon discovered that there were certain groups of plants, notably the epiphytes, for which he had no specific names. It may seem a blow to our taxonomic pride, but we might conclude that our own discernment of species 1952 Gleason, Fundamental Concepts in Taxonomy depends on the same sort of intuitive recognition possessed by all people in all countries and at all times. ie merely go a step fartner, analyze the cause of our intuitions, and reduce our findings to words. kind and Population In now becomes necessary to consider in more detail the relation between these two conceptse Since both denote groups of individuals and are characterized by similarities among these individuals, it is clear that a kind of plant is a population. It should be equally clear that not all popu- lations are kinds. JZome groups lack the morphological simi- larity or the genetical continuity requisite to the concept of kind. I wish to develop this thesis by using one particular kind of plant as an example. It is our common source of hay fever, known to us as Ambrosia trifida and to the layman as Ragweed or Horseweed. It constitutes a population, unified by the possession of structural features. Because of them. you and I know the plant at sight, even from a considerable distance. Most plants have tnree-lobed leaves; some have five-lobed; in every community some may be found with ovate unlobed leaves; still others have part of the leaves lobed and part unlobed. Some plants have a single terminal spike of flowers; others branch above and bear several spikes. Some plants are tall and bear many pairs of leaves; others are short and bear only a few pairs. All combinations of these three sets and of still other characters may be made, and every such combination can be illustrated by a group of individuals. Each such group will fully correspond to our idea of a population. Every set of features, as chosen by me, is distinctly morphological in nature. On just three classes of characters, lobing of leaves, number of spikes, and number of nodes, one might easily distinguish a hundred populations, every one fully definable. A similarly large number of populations may be differentiated within any spe- cies by any one wno cares to waste his time at it. Some taxonomists have. "Balderdash,* says the taxonomist, an expression which might well be couched in shorter and uglier words. But I have made no claims that these populations have any import- ance. Tney are merely to illustrate the iact that in any species an indefinitely large number of populations can be distinguished. Now that each of you taxonomists wno may read this paper has turned from these minor populations in Ambrosia trifida with abhorrence or disgust, let me ask you frankly why. Your 10 PTY Dee OCG ree Vol. i Tiga first reply will probably be that they are not worth bother- ing with. I admit that, but it is not a real answer. iie want to know why they are not worth bothering with, especi- ally since they are all based on morphological characters. Analyze your own ratiocination carefully and you will soon get the answer. sasing your opinion on your experience with these plants and with many others, you believe that tnese plants do not have genetical continuity. They are not races in which the distinguishing characters are transmissible to the progeny. You do not know that; you merely infer it, and you are almost certainly right. So there we are, right back to one of the pre=Linnaean concepts of kind rife for hundreds of years among the laity, that a kind is a self-perpetuating population. You will also say that the nature (qualitative) and the degree (quantitative) of the differences between theses populations is not sufficient to warrant taxonomic recognition. s3ut notice that this conclusion is not a matter of botanical fact but merely one of personal opinion. Never= theless, it brings us back to another fundamental concept of kind, that a kind is the smallest population which is not divided. A kind can be divided but is not, because the dif- ferences separating tne minor populations are trivial when measured by our standards. Consider two other examples. The cultivated Dahlia is now separable into several thousand populations wnich have re- ceived names from the horticulturists. Tne differences which separate them are so great, according to his standards, that they need names; to him they are kinds of plants. In fact, the differences between collarette, cactus, pveony-*lowered, and pompon types are so great that they might be placed in different genera if tney occurred in nature. 3ut they lack genetical continuity; every one of them must be propagated as a clon. Lacking this continuity, tney are not recognized as kinds by the taxonomist.e. In the eastern states, as far west as Indiana, Phlox divaricata nas rounded petals; farther west it has notched petals. Since the races are geographically separate, cross-breeding is impossible in nature. Obviously they have genetical continuity. Still tne taxonomist keeps both types in the same species because the differences be- tween them are trivial according to his standards. To be sure, they have been given varietal status, but both are still in the same species; they are all Phlox divaricata. from all the evidencs at hand, it seems that the taxono- mist uses just two criteria in distinguishing «inds of plante: tne one, a degree of morphological similarity within the population and of dissimilarity from otner populations wnich is satisfactory to him; the other, a belief, seldom substantiated by experimental evidence, that each kind forms 1952 Gleason, Fundamental Concepts in Taxonomy ati a genetic continuum. Both of these criteria are essential; neither is sufficient without the other. Turning now in the other direction from a kind of plant, we can envision a long series of assemblages of kinds, each of them in turn more inclusive in its scope. Zvery one of them is a population according to our definition of the term, yet they are rarely tnought of as such. The fact that they are assemblages ratner tnan kinds is attested by the names given to some of them, which are almost invariably plural. very one of them is characterized by certain features of structural similarity, features not only distinguishable by the eye but subject to expression in words. Many of them are believed to be composed of genetically related plants. As examples, beginning with the Ragweed already used as such, we may cite such superior groups as Ambrosia, deliantheae, Tubiflorae, Compositae (which is co-extensive with Asterales), Inferae, Sympetalae, Dicotyledoneae, Angiospermae, and Sperm atophyta. sut they are by no means all, eince additional populations may be intercalated at many points in the series. The taxonomist will at once see a vast differences between a kind of plant and these larger and more inclusive popula- tions.e is will call the latter classificatory groups and will regard tnem as actually or theoretically formed by suc- cessive syntheses. Tney are therefore easily divisible, in contrast to the kind or species. ‘While they are considered to be related, ne will regard them as theproducts of genetic discontinuity, that is, of evolution, while the kind is main- tained by genetic continuity. A kind or species of plants marks a turning point in our ideas. Above it we synthesize; below it we can but do not divide. Tne superior synthesis is always possible. Since it may be done in various ways, it has led to our manifold sys- tems of classification. The inferior division is always pos= sible but is not used. Why not? Because, by our definition, a Kind (or species) of plant is the smallest population which has satisfactory morpnological distinctness and inferential genetical continuity. If a kind is subdivided, the minor populations are separated by features which we regard as tri- ial, or they lack genetical continuity, or they fail in both essentials. The Ragweed has never been so divided. To be sure, the variety or form integrifolia has been noticed, but it is rejected by most botanists; even if it were accepted it would still be a part of Ambrosia trifida. Neither has Phlox divaricata been divided; tne characters of its variety Lap- nami are considered trivial. If they were not so regarded, the variety would satisfy our definition of a species and would by this time have been named Phlox Laphami. 12 PHYS TOPE OG Vol. -l, “ones I have been trying to develop a picture of a long series of plant populations, each in turn more comprehensive in its scope, beginning with small groups of comparatively few ind- ividuals and ending with the whole plant kingdom. This we can all grasp, but I have also been-trying to emphasize the idea that this long series is hinged, so to speak, somewhere near the middle at what we are pleased to call a kind or a species of plant; that below this turning point the popula- tions are obtained by subdivision of the species, while above it they are regularly regarded as groups obtained by the com bination of species. The species is the starting point from which we begin our taxonomic work. From it as a vantage point, we can turn in two directions and see entirely different landscapes. In one view we see a long series of populations, progressively in- creasing in size and scope, many of them valuable to us in the formation or expression of our ideas on classification and phylogeny, many of them distinguished by names commonly - used by taxonomists, all of them regularly regarded as groups of species. In the other direction we see (or we can see, if we are so disposed), but with an entirely different mental attitude, a similarly long series of populations, becoming successively smaller the farther we look and becoming also, in our opinion, successively less important, less worthy of attention by the busy taxonomist. And why are they less im- portant? Simply because they lack one or both of the funda- mental requirements of a kind of plant, morphological dis- tinction and genetical continuity. We may sometimes suspect the accuracy and completeness of our knowledge and opinions. We may investigate these minor populations with the improved and comparatively new methods taught us by the morphologist, the cytologist, the geneticist, and even the phytogeographer and the physiologist, not in the hope, but on the chance of finding more important characters which might lead us to change our opinion. Usually we do not find them. The Concept of Category Starting from the species and considering the successively larger groups wnich may be formed by associating other spe= cies with it, we find that many of these groups are of such importance that names are given to them, as Hibiscus, Malv—- aoeae, and Malvales. Tnese groups differ in their size and scope, the latter term merely signifying the degree of morph- ological similarity which the group exhibits. This is a matter of classification, not of category. we are also required to indicate the relative rank of these groups by referring them to certain categories and by 1952 Gleason, Fundamental Concepts in Taxonomy als: designating them by descriptive terms, as genus, family, and order, and by certain indicative endins, as -aceae and -ales. The sequence of these categories is fixed by botanical legis- lation. This is ordinarily a useful bit of taxonomic formal- ity, but one which can not always be fully justified by taxo- nomic logic. We may illustrate this by the tropical seashore plant Batis maritima. It is the only species of the family Batidaceae and of tne order Batidales. This apparently indi- cates that the nature and degree of the @ifferences which separate this one species from all other kinds of plants are of the same nature and degree as those which usually separate orders from each other. If this is true, it mignt be useful to admit the order Batidales, but still superfluous to dis- tinguish Batidaceae and Batis, both of which are exactly co- extensive. It might even be argued that, in a discussion of classification, Batis maritima might be contrasted directly with Ranales, Fagales, and other orders, and its order and family eliminated. The principle trouble with the enforced use of categories is that no attempt has been made to supplement legislation with advice cr requirement about their nature. The scope of any category above the species is left completely to individ- ual opinion and usage. In taxonomic research we develop and express our own opinions and often change the category to which @ population is assigned. In taxonomic practice (not the same as research) we commonly accept the opinion of some qualified student and are guided by usage alone. As a result, categories above the rank of genus have been subject to frequent change since the time of Linnaeus, and the general tendency has been to increase the number of fan- ilies and orders. Some changes of category have been based on significant new knowledge, as the union of Lacistemaceae and rlacourtiaceae or the transfer of Nyssa from the Corn- aceae of the Umbellales to an independent family within the Myrtales. Very few, possibly only one, the Degeneriaceae, are based on the actual discovery of previously unknown plants. iven this remarkable plant could have been assigned to another family by only a slight extension of definition. Sometimes the changes have been based on erroneous inform ation. There are still among us some who remember the obser- vation of chalazogamy in Casuarina. Shortly thereafter an entirely new superior category appeared in print, the Chalaz- ogamae, a subclass of dicotyledons contrasted with Porogamae. Its content was the single order Casuarinales, including the single family Casuarinaceae, including the single genus Cas— uarina, including a handful of species. No one knew whether Chalazogany was universal in Casuarina; no one knew that it never occurred elsewhere. We know better today. 14 PHD PhO nie ee Vol. 4, now 1 The vast majority of changes represent nothing more than differences of opinion. No new information is involved in assigning the pod-bearing plants of the Rosales to a single family Leguminosae or to three separate families, or the Oaks to one genus or to three. Their classification has bot been changed one iota. Objections to changes of category at or above the level of the family are seldom voiced. To be sure, there was some mild protest in this country over the proposed division of Compositae into a dozen or more families. That was probably because the name Compositae was so familiar to all and not because of any intensive knowledge of the family. The great body of taxonomists work mostly at the level of tae genus and species. Changes of category at the generic level are often severely criticized. Note the numerous criticims leveled at Rydberg, who advocated the division of Astragalus into a large number of smaller genera, or at Britton and Rose, who similarly divided Cassia. The odious word 'splitter' was often applied to all of them. A similar word was probably used on Nees a century ago, when he fragmented the old genus Laurus, although wWeof today are quite content to use Persea, Sassafras, Nectandra, and the numerous other segregate terms for these plants. (Cne objection to Rydberg's action was that his segregations could not be maintained in the genus as a whole, including the Hurasian species, but I never heard this objection advanced by anyone who had personal knowledge of these foreign plants. The chief cause of all such criticism seems to rise from the fact that the generic name, under our binomial nomenclature, is part of the specific name, and any change of category at this level, whether by the division or the union of genera, is bound to result in change of name for some species. The whole purpose of our rules of numenclature is to promote stability* of names. Also below the rank of species certain categories are specified by name and must be used, if used at all, ina pre-= scribed sequence. While these categories share with those above the species tne complete lack of legislated definition, they differ radically in that they are not necessarily used. That difference is based absolutely on the nature of the species, which has already been discussed. Recognition of sub- specific categories does not affect the species; every one of is still a part of the species and still bears the same name. It makes no difference whether we recognize Linnaea borealis “Dr. Rogers correctly points out that the word in the International Rules is fixity, not stability. The general desire of botanists seems to be stability, while the original purpose of the Rules was apparently to promote uniformity. —e 1952 Gleason, Fundamental Concepts in Taxonomy 15 borealis and L. borealis americana, or whether we call them subspecies or varieties; they are still all Linnaea borealis. The species is not divided. Since there is so little agree- ment about the connotation of categories below the species; since their epithets all have the form of a specific epithet; since their use is optional, not obligatory; since the dif- ferences between them are of minor importance or trivial; since they often have no genetical continuity, or are chance ephemeral mutants, or teratological forms, or mere ecads, the distinguishing of subspecific populations and their subordin- ation in categories is a difficult and precarious undertaking. The Concept of Classification The only practicable way to investigate the classification of plants by the laity in early times is to search our lan- guage for group terms, but to consider only those which are purely names of plants and to exclude all which refer in any way to the properties or uses of plants. Oak and Maple are usable terms; Snakeroot is not. English plant-names include hundreds of generic rank, seach covering two or more species which resemble each other in structure and are more or less equivalent to modern taxonomic genera. Very often the species are named by adjectival epi- thets, resulting in binomials. Some popular genera are more or less co-extensive with taxonomic ones, as Oak and Elm; some were drawn too large, as Mint and Mustard, while others were certainly not recognized at all. for example, the English had the two words Leek and Garlic, to which were soon added from the French Onion, Chive, and Shallot, but our language does not have any one word for the genus Allium as a whole. The Romans knew five kinds of trees as Quercus, Robur, Cerris, Ilex, and Suber, but apparently had no generic word for Oak. American usage gives us little evidence about classifica- tion, since so many English names were misapplied by early colonists to unrelated plants and many English plants and plant-names had been forgotten before their American rela- tives had been discovered. Ivy, as applied here to Rhus rad-= icans and kalmia latifolia and in England to Hedera Helix, Buckeye and Horse Chestnut do not indicate that they were regarded as two groups or genera of plants. Excellent exam ples of American generic names are Hickory and Goldenrod. A farmer may call Carya ovata Shellbark, but he will tell you that it is a kind of Hickory. On the other hand, in the few inquiries I have made, I have not found a farmer who uses the name Goldenrod for a member of the section Euthamia. The common people of Illinois half a century ago knew the genus 16 PHY TOsLOre Dak Vol. h, no. 1 Sweet William, with its three species Phlox divaricata, P. ilosa, and P. glaberrima, but they did not know the equally conspicuous genus Silphium. Its two species were kept separ= ate as Prairie Dock and Rosinweed. Of superior classification into families we can find scarcely a trace, unless we regard the ancient terms Grass, Mustard, and Mint as of this category. In modern times Palm, Orchid, and perhaps others have been added to this list. Beech, Oak, and Chestnut were common words in England, yet our language contains no word for the Fagaceae. No families are more easily recognized than Umbelliferae and Leguminosae, but we have no English word for either. 'Pulse,' sometimes used by botanists as the English name of the latter family, properly refers only to the edible seeds of peas and beans. The first faint trace of classification appears in numer= ous works of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Then as now it was customary to divide books into chapters, and the herbalists often put into one chapter their discussions of plants having similar habits or similar uses. If this can be called classification, it is based mostly on the relation of plants to mane Not until the eighteenth century, with sev- eral earlier exceptions, were plants studied as objects of interest in themselves, and botany as a science was differ- entiated from botany as a part of horticulture and medicine. The number of known species grew rapidly; they were organized into genera. There seems to be an innate urge in the human mind to keep knowledge in small and conveniently assorted packages, small enough that we may easily comprehend their contents, assorted so that we may easily compare one with the other. Even today we search tne larger genera for ways to sort the species sub-= genera, sections, and species-groups. following this urge and departing completely from the humanistic viewpoint, Lin- naeus sorted his numerous genera according to his well known sexual system. There followed a full century in which taxon- omists were busily engaged in discovering more genera and species and a few, notably Jussieu and DeCandolle, were at tempting to classify these genera into superior groups. dvery proposed change in classification was intended to set up groups based on a greater number of similarities or on structural features which their authors considered more im- portant. They did not understand what the word 'important" meant. The general acceptance or organic evolution explained the meaning of the term and gave an impetus to fresh attempts at improvement of classification. ‘or the past century all re- visions of classification have been made in the hope of a better expression of the course of evolutione 1952 Gleason, Fundamental Concepts in Taxonomy aby, Conclusions The task of the taxonomist is and has been the discovery of the kinds of plnats which exist, the description of them so that they can be recognized by others, the assignment of convenient names to them, and their classification in ac- cordance with their probable evolution. Great progress has been made; much remains to be done. In the United States and many other countries, taxonomists have the advantage of easy travel and huge collections of preserved material and consequent extensive acquaintance with plants. They are not discovering many 'new' species; their chief business is reforming their odeas of those already known. It is evident that the vast majority of thinking tax- onomists, knowingly or unwittingly, base their species on the two features of morphological distinctness and genetical con= tinuity which have been emphasized so often in this paper. Nevertheless, we are frequently criticized for lack of agreement among ourselves. we admit that there is such dis- agreement at times, but we can easily find the causes of it and see that our work has constantly tended and doubtless will continue to converge on general agreement. Certainly more than half of the criticism has been based on the use of different names. In many instances this is solely a matter of nomenclature, not of taxonomy, and with the general use of the International Rules of Nomenclature such differences are rapidly disappearing. There are some features of the rules which are elusive and may be inter- preted in different ways, as the validity of publication of some of Muhlenberg's names. The various articles and sect- ions of the rules do not obviously conflict, yet there are isolated examples in which different names for the same plant may apparently be legal under different clauses. The rules still lack clearly expressed directives for typification and some difference in usage may persist until this is remedied. The rules fortunately do not require that we must guess at the application of names published originally with scanty or faulty description and not associated with an authentic type specimen. Too much of that has been done in the past. Another cause for criticism of names has resulted from the segregation and union of genera. Usually we think of it as a result of segregation, but that is because there are more ‘splitters’ than 'lumpers' among us. Few American botanists will care if I segregate the tropical genus Miconia into a dozen fragments (I shall not do so), but we can imagine the howls that will rise to the stratosphere if the Pin Oak ap-. pears in a frequently consulted reference book as Erythro- balanus palustris. Whether we call it uniformity, stability, 18 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hy. no. or fixity of names, that is what the botanist wants and what he ought to have. After all, why are genera segregated? I know very well the reasons used by Small and Rydberg. Ryd- berg's segregates differed from each other in the same gener= al way and the same general degree as other commonly accepted genera of the same family. Small's segregates differed in what we often call ‘technical characters,’ as dastinguished from the vegetative characters which may separate species. For this reason he segregated Wallia from Juglans, the former having a very rough nut, and Oligoneuron with striate bracts from Solidago. We admit that such procedure will suggest to any tyro that the Butternut and Black Walnut are much alike, but it will obscure tha fact that both are much like the English Walnut. How m&iny amateurs and non-taxonomic botan- ists are eager to get such information? And if they consult Small's Flora to find out, can they not get it just as easily througn the use of appropriate subgenera or sections? Similar reasons can be adduced for the union of genera and families. Some are not separated by characters of generic or familiar significance, whatever that may mean, as Aster and Solidago, Rubiaceae and Caprifoliaceae. Some tend to merge and have to be separated more or less arbitrarily, as Anemone and Hepat- ica. Close relationships are concealed by the use of differ- ent generic names, as Houstonia and Hedyotis. All arguments for segregation may be condensed into a single legitimate excuse: the proponent wants greater homo- geneity within the group. All arguments for combination may be reduced to the converse: the author wants greater separa=— tion between groupse Both desires are purely matters of individual opinion. We believe that our system of classifi- cation represents fairly well the course and the end results of evolution. In the end results, which are the species existing today, we can distinguish populations of specific rank which resemble each other more that they resemble any other populations. These make up a superior group which de- serves taxonomic attention; it may or may not deserve a name. If it is given a name, it then mst be assigned to a cate- gory, and there is nothing in the entire history of taxonomy to guide us to the proper choice of category except individ- ual opinion; nothing, that is, in the plants themselves. There is an independent guide, the innate desire of botanists to have their knowledge classified, as I said before, in packages of convenient size and to have a stable system of names. We should keep this desire in mind when we contem- plate changing a category, but we must not let it deter us from expressing what we sincerely believe to be the course of evolution. 1952 Gleason, Fundamental Concepts in Taxonomy 19 At the present time there is very little discrepancy among taxonomists in the recognition of species. The vast majority of species in the United States, as presented in current Manuals, are accepted by all authors in precisely the same circumscription. Errors have been made in tnepast and corrected later, and other errors may still be extant which we shall discover and correct in the future. ‘ve have done well to achieve this happy condition. There is greater discrepancy in the subdivision of species into minor groups. These may be regarded by us as the diff- erent manifestations of a species, not distinct enough to be called independent species, but conspicuous enough to draw the attention of the observant botanist. They are not homo- geneous in nature. They may be caused by slight differences in genes, or by mutation, or by the direct effect of the en- vironment; they may or may not be correlated with geographic distribution. There is no necessity of describing or naming and of them, and failure to give them names or to use names for them can not be regarded as a denial of their existence. Names should be given and used only when they serve some useful taxonomic purpose. Otherwise we may conceivably ap- proach the chaor imagined in this paper for Ambrosia trifida, or the septinomials of Stellaria and Saxifraga, or the tri- plicate sets of varieties in Cruciferae. There are still several unsolved problems in taxonomic procedure, most of them connected with the process of evolu- tion. we all believe that evolution has occurred and has produced our present flora; it is sometimes hard to under= stand that it is still proceeding. The dictum of Linnaeus, that God made species, Linnaeus describes them, continued well into the present century and is still apparent in some taxonomic researche Under that view, we are competent to handle most of our plants but we do not know what to do with others. More and more apogamous plants are being discovered. Shall we call them species, as has been done ad nauseam in Hieracium, or varieties of original sexual species, waiting of course for the discovery of what that species was, or shall we invent a special new term to be used as their name, & new category to include them, and a new system of nomencla- ture for them? ‘le are finding, with the help of the geneti- cist and cytologist, more and more hybrids, and hybrid swarms, and introgressions; more and more polyploids. Some of these anomalous populations seem to represent the incep- tion of species, others the gradual merging of two or more species into one. At present we do not know how to refer such plants to a place in our legislated categories or how to give them appropriate names. Most of the confusion in taxon omy are caused by plants of this nature. 20 P Hy TP 0sis00G ak Vol. li, mete Your author is one of the so-called old-fashioned taxono= mists, or, as they say at Harvard, a classical taxonomist. He is just modern enough to recognize these problems but suf= ficiently old-fashioned and conservative to offer no solution for them. So far as he is concerned, that is a task for the future. In performing it, the taxonomists must keep their heads and not be led astray by any clique of botanical new dealers. The settled results of taxonomic study, fortunately ac- cepted by a great majority of taxonomists and for a great majority of American plants, seem to be based on a concept of the species essentially or quite identical with that present- ed in these pages. This concept implies a nature and degree of morphological similarity satisfactory to us under our standards, and almost all of us have the same standards. CHANGE OF NAME FOR CERTAIN PLANTS OF THE 'MANUAL RANGE.' H. A. Gleason During the preparation of manuscript for the forthcoming Illustrated Flora, it seemed desirable to change the status of a number of taxonomic groups. Most of these changes were reductions of species to varieties; for many of these vari- eties valid names were found and new names were unnecessary. For others the use of the valid varietal epithet under the proper specific term resulted in a new combination. five apparently undescribed entities were detected and considered to be sufficiently important to deserve varietal status. Only three changes of specific epithets are included, two necessi- tated by the rules of nomenclature and one by the elevation of a variety to specific rank. All these changes and addit- ions require publication in accordance with the International Rules of Nomenclature and these formalities are complied with below. My concept of species and my opinion of infraspecific taxa have been presented in the preceding article. As stated there, varieties are regarded as manifestations of a species caused by slight differences due to heredity, mutation, or direct effect of the environment. There is no necessity of recognizing varieties or using varietal names, but failure to do so does not deny the existenge of such minor populations. Names and descriptions should be provided only for those which are conspicuous enought to attract attention. All re= ductions of species to varieties have been made in accordance with my idea that a species must be clearly distinguished 1952 Gleason, Change of Name for Certain Plants 21 from other species by definite morphological characters. Those which have been reduced do not, in my opinion, qualify as independent species. This statement is in itselfy suffic- ient expression of my reasons for making most of these taxon omic changes. Additional notes are given only where needed. All names are chargeable to the author, except a few after which a different name appears. FESTUCA OVINA L. var. SAXIMONTANA (Rydb.) Festuca saximont- and Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 536. 1909; ‘ern. Man. 105. FESTUCA ALTAICA var. MAJOR (Vasey) Festuca scabrella var. major Vasey, Contre U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 278. 1893; Fern. Mane 107. DIARRHENA AMERICANA var. OBOVATA. Paniculae rami scabri, vagina basali deficiente; gluma exterior circa 2.4 m., interior 3.5 mm. longa; lemma inferius circa 6 mm. longun, supra medium latissimum, apice in cuspidem rotundatum. Type, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 694, from Stark Co., Ill., in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. AGROPYRON TRACHYCAULUM var. CILIATUM (S,ribn. & Sm.) Agro- pyron tenerum var. ciliatum Scribn. & Sm. U. S. Dep. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 50. 1897. HYSTRIX PATULA forma BIGELOVIANA (Fern.) Asperella hystrix var. Bigeloviana Fern. Rhodora 24: 230. 1922. DANTHONIA SERICEA var. EPILIS (Scribn.) Danthonia epilis Scribn. U. S. Dep. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 7. 1901, based on the homonym D. glabra Nash; D. epilis Fern. Man. 150. AGROSTIS HYEMALIS var. TENUIS (Tuckerm.) Agrostis scabra var. tenuis Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Scie 45: 45. 1843. LEPTOCHLOA FASCICULARIS var. MARITIMA (Bickn.) Diplachne maritima Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 35: 195. 1908, based on the homonym D. procumbens Nash; D. maritima, Fern. Mane 127. LEPTOCHLOA FASCICULARIS var. ACUMINATA (Nash) Diplachne acu- minata Nash; Britton, Man. 128. 1901; D. acuminata Fern. Mane 127. PANICUM LANUGINOSUM var. TENNESSEZNSB (Ashe) Panicum tennes- seense Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 52. 1898; P. lanuginosum var. fasciculatum, rern. Man. 215. PANICUM SCABRIUSCULUM var. CRYPTANTHUM (Ashe) Panicum crypt- anthum Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Stae Bull. 175: 115. 1900; Fern. Man. 221. PANICUM BICKNELLII var. CALLIPHYLLUM (Ashe) Panicum calli- phyllum Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 31. 1898; Fern. Man. 2ll. PANICUM ANNULUM var. GLABRESCENS. Spiculis 2.3--2.5 mm. lon- gs, sparsissime puberulis. Type, Fernald & Long 16044, 22 PoH YT. On) GO. Gyiem Vol. h, no. 1 Harwich, Barnstable Co., Mass., in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. The variety annulum extends north only to New Jersey; its spikelets are 1.8--2.2 mm. long and densely short-pubescent. ELEOCHARIS FLAVESCENS var. OLIVACEA (Torr.) Sleocharis oliv- acea Torr. Ann. Lyc. Ne Ys 38 300. 1836; Fern. Man. 254. ELEOCHARIS TENUIS var. BOREALIS (Svenson) Eleocharis capit- ata Svenson, Rhodora 34: 200, pl. 219, 221. 1932; Zleo- charis elliptica, Fern. Man. 258. CAREX CEPHALOPHORA var. MESOCHOREA (Mack.) Carex mesochorea Mack. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 246. 1910; Fern. Man. 306. CAREX SPARGANIOIDES var. AGGREGATA (Mack.) Carex aggregata Mack. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 246. 1910; Fern. Man. 307. CAREX ANNECTENS var. AMBIGUA (Barratt) Carex vulpinoidea var. ambigua Barratt; Boott, Illust. Carex 125, pl. 406 1862. CAREX STIPATA var. OKLAHOMENSIS (Mack.) Carex oklahomensis Mack. Torreya 14: 126. 1914; Fern. Man. 310. CAREX MURICATA var. STERILIS (Willd.) Carex sterilis Willd. Spe Pl. 4: 208. 1805, "in greater part;" Mack. N. Am. Fle 18: 108. 1931; Fern. Man. 317. CAREX MURICATA var. LARICINA (Mack.) Carex laricina Mack. N. Am. Fl. 18: 113. 1931; C. cephalantha, fern. Man. 318. CAREX MURICATA var. RUTHII (Mack. ) Carex Ruthii Mack. N. Am. Fl. 18: 112. 1931; Fern. Man. 318. CAREX NIGROMARGINATA var. ELLIPTICA (Boott) Carex Emmonsii var. elliptica Boott, Illust. Carex 97, pl. 287. 1860; C. Peckii, “ern. Man. 533. CAREX NIGROMARGINATA var. MUHLENBERGII (Gray) Carex pennsyl- vanica var. Muhlenbergii Gray; Torr. Ann. Lyc. Ne Y. 33 410. 1836; C. artitecta, Fern. Man. 334. CAREX NIGROMARGINATA var. MINOR (Boott) Carex varia vare minor Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 223. 1839. CAREX LAXIFLORA var. ORMOSTACHYA (Wieg.) Carex ormostachya Wiege Rhodora 24: 196. 1922; Fern. Man. 367. CAREX LAXIFLORA var. PURPURIFERA (Mack.e) Carex purpurifera Mack. N. Am. Fl. 18: 253. 1935. CAREX FLAVA var. LAXIOR (Klikenth.) Carex lepidocarpa var. laxior Kifkenth. Pflanzenreich 4: fam. 20. 673. 1909. CAREX COMPLANATA var. HIRSUTA (Bailey) Carex triceps vare hirsuta Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1: 35. 1889; C. hirsutel- la, Fern. Man. 351. CAREX LASIOCARPA var. LATIFOLIA (Bick.) Carex filiformis var. latifolia Béck. Linnaea 41: 309. 1877; Carex lanugi- nosa, Fern. Mane 349. CAREX STRICTA var. ELONGATA (Béck.) Carex virginiana var. elongata Bock. Linnaea 40: 432. 1876; C. Emoryi, fern. Man. 343. 1952 Gleason, Change of Name for Certain Plants 23 CAREX CRINITA var. MITCHELLIANA (M. A. Curt.) Carex Mitch- elliana M. A. Curt. Am. Jour. Sci. 44: 84. 1643; Fern. Mane 340. TRILLIUM VIRIDB var. LUTEUM (Muhl.) Trillium sessile var. luteum Muhl. Cat. 38. 1613; T. luteum, Fern. Man. 445. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA var. TOMENTOSA (Chev. ) Comptonia pere- grina var. tomentosa Chev. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 32: 1%. 1901. BETULA GLANDULOSA var. GLANDULIFERA (Regel) Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel, Bull. Soc. Nate Moscou 38 pt. 2s 410. 1865; B. pumila var. glandulifera, Fern. Mane 536. QUERCUS PRINOIDES var. ACUMINATA (Michx.) Quercus Prinus var. acuminata Michx. Hist. Chénes Am. no. 5, pl. 8 1801; Q- acuminata (Michx.) Sarg.; Q. Muehlenbergii or Q. Muhl- enbergii of most recent literature, including Fern. POLYGONUM HYDROPIPEROIDES var. ADENOCALYX (Stanford) Polygo- num opelousanum var. adenocalyx Stanford, Rhodora 28: 28. 19263 fern. Man. 587. POLYGONUM HYDROPIPEROIDES var. SETACBUM (Baldw.) Polygonum setaceum Baldw.e; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Gae 1: 455. 1817. Fern. Mane 587- POLYGONUM SCANDENS var. DUMETORUM (L-) Polygonum dumetorum Le Sp. Pl. ede 2: 5226 1762. POLYGONUM SCANDENS var. CRISTATUM (Engelm. & Gray) Polygonum cristatum Engelm. & Gray, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 259. 1847; Fern. Man. 588. STELLARIA SILVATICA (Beg.) Maguire. Stellaria pubera subsp. sa silvatica Beg. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. neSe 17: 385- 1910. SSeS S. pubera var. silvatica, Fern. Mane 622. ome ARABIS SHORTII (Fern.) Arabis perstellata var. Shortii Fern. 48: 208. 1946; Man. 727; A. dentata, of most American lit- craturee The homonymity of the well known name Arabis dentata for the common midwestern plant has long been known to many. Fernald combined this plant with the rare, highly local, and recently discovered A. perstellata Braun and used Miss Braun's name as the valid epithet of the species, disting- uishing the original A. dentata as var. Shortii. Not agree- ing with Fernald's opinion, I restore the plant to specific rank, adopting Fernald's very appropriate epithet as ite specific namee RUBUS STRIGOSUS forma EGGLESTONII (Blanchard) Rubus Eggle- stonii Blanchard, Torreya 7: 140. 1907; R. strigosus var. Egglestonii Fern. Man. 822. PRUNUS PUMILA var. DEPRESSA (Pursh) Prunus depressa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 332. 1814; Fern. Man. 878. PRUNUS PUMILA var. BESSEYI (Bailey) Prunus Besseyi Bailey, Bull. Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. 70: 261. 1094; Fern. Man.878. 2h P) HY TOL) Ore Ink Vol. ky, neem PHACELIA DUBIA var. FALLAX (Fern.) Phacelia fallax Fern. Rhodora 46: 51. 1944. } PHACELIA DUBIA var. GILIOIDES (Brand) Phacelia gilioides ee Pflanzenreich 4, i'am 251: 63. 1913; Fern. Man. 1194. TRICHOSTEMA DICHOTOMUM var. LINEARE (Walt.) Trichostema lin- eare Walt. Fl. Carol. 164. 1788; T. setaceum Houtt.; Ferm. Mane 1216. SCUTELLARIA OVATA var. CALCAREA (Epling) Scutellaria ovata subsp. ovata Epling, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 55. 1942. DRACOCEPHALUM PURPUREUM (Walt.) McClintock. Prasium purpur- eum Walt. Fl. Carol. 166. 1788. GERARDIA PURPUREA var. NEOSCOTICA (Greene) Gerardia neoscot- ica Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 2: 106. 1910; Fern. Mane 1288. GERARDIA PURPURBA var. RACEMULOSA (Pennell) -Gerardia racemu- losa Pennell, Torreya 11: 15. 1911; Fern. Man. 1289. JUSTICIA HUMILIS var. LANCEOLATA (Chapm.) Dianthera ovata var. lanceolata Chapm. Fl. S. States 304. 1860. LITTORELLA UNIFLORA var. AMERICANA (Fern.) Littorella ameri-~ cana Fern. Rhodora 20: 62. 1918; Man. 1318. GALIUM OBTUSUM var. RAMOSUM. Caules e nodis superioribus plurimis ramosi, flexuosi; folia tenuia, quam latitudine 4—plo longiora, ad vel infra medium latigsima, ad marginem et saepissime ad venam mediam subtus hispida pilis subula= tis ca. 0.2 mme longise Type, Gleason 9128, from wet prairie near Seymour, Champaign Co., Ill., in the herba- rium of the New York Botanical Garden. VIBURNUM DENTATUM var. VENOSUM (Britt.) Viburnum venosum Britt. Man. 871. 1901. VIBURNUM DENTATUM var. INDIANENSE (Rehder) Viburnum pubes- cens Rehder, Jour. Arnold Arb. 5: 59. 1924; V. dentatum vare Deamii, Fern. Man. 1341. LONICERA HIRSUTA var. INTERIOR. Tubus corollae lo--18 mm. longus; hypanthium glabrum vel sparsissime glandulosum. Type, Gleason 9561, froma rocky, densely wooded hillside five miles northeast of Two Harbors, Minne, in the herba- rium of the New York Botanical Garden. LONICBRA DIOICA var. ORIENTALIS. ‘Folia subtus sparse vel molliter villosa; hypanthium dense glandulosum; corolla plusminusve glandulosa et villosa; stylus hirsutus. Type, Fe. Ae Gilbert 829, a vine climbing over underbrush, one mile from Carter's Caves, Carter Co., Kye, in the herba- rium of the New York Botanical Garden. LONICERA DIOICA var. DASYGYNA (Rehder) Lonicera glaucescens var. dasygyna Rehder, Ann. Red. Moe Bot. Gard. 14; 181. 1903. L. dioica var. glaucescens f. dasygyna, Fern. Man. 15556 — 1952 Gleason, Change of Name for Certain Plants 25 LONICERA FLAVA var. FLAVESCENS (3mall) Lonicera flavescens Small, fl. Se. Us. S. 1126. 1903; L. flavida, “ern. Man. 13396 LONICERA PROLIFERA var. GLABRA. Folia subtus glabra. Type, Bush 10135, from open woods, Dumas, Missouri, in the her- barium of the New York Botanical Garden. The variety is restricted to Missouri and Arkansas. The typical variety prolifera, with leaves thinly villous beneath, ranges from central New York to Wisconsin and Illinois. VALERIANA SEPTENTRIONALIS var. ULIGINOSA (T. & G.) Valeriana sylvatica var. uliginosa T. & G. fl. N. Ame 2: 47. 1841; V. uliginosa, fern. Man. 1344. VALERIANELLA RADIATA var. INTSRMEDIA (Dyal) Valerisnella intermedia Dyal, Rhodora 40: 202. 1938; Fern. Man. 1346. CAMPANULA APARINOIDES var. ULIGINOSA (Rydb.) Campanula uli- ginosa Rydb.; Britt. Man. 885. 1901; rern. Man. 1353. SOLIDAGO SPATHULATA subsp. RANDII (Porter) Cronquist. Solid- ago Virgaurea var. Randii Porter, Bull. Torrey Club 20s 208. 1893; S. Randii, Fern. Man. 13%. SOLIDAGO SPATHULATA subsp. RANDII var. GILLMANI (Gray) Cron- quist. S. humilis var. Gillmani Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 191. 1882; S. racemosa var. Gillmani, Fern. Man. 1397. SOLIDAGO SPATHULATA subsp. RANDII var. RACEMOSA (Greene) Cronquist. Sglidago racemosa Greene, Pittonia 3: 160. 1897; Fern. Mane 1397. RHAMNUS LANCEOLATUS var. GLABRATUS. Folia et ramuli novelli ad anthesin glabri vel glabrati. Type, Deam 787, froma rocky wooded hillside one-third mile north of Brookville, Franklin County, Indiana, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. In the typical variety lanceolatus the twigs and leaves are densely and softly pubescent at anth- esis and the leaves remain pubescent beneath throughout the season; it ranges from southern Pennsylvania to Ala- bama. Our variety is the mid-western plant, from Ohio and Kentucky to Nebraska, Kansas, and Arkansase JUNIPERUS TEXENSIS SP. NOV. - WEST-TEXAS JUNIPER IN RELATION TO J. MONOSPERMA, J. ASHEI HET AL. P. J. van Melle JUNIPERUS TEXENSIS SP. NOV. J. monospermae (Engelm.) Sarg. similis sed galbulis non glaucescentibus nunquam coeruleis violaceisve, ante maturita- tem in vivo viridibus in sicco brunneis, maturis in vivo sic- coque brunneis raro roseis rubrisve, post maturitatem surde griseo-brunneis vel griseo-purpurascentibus, hilo longitudine dimidio seminis differt. Floribus vulgo dioicis raro (ut in typo) monoicis. TYPE: J. F. Brenckle 51019, Big Bend National Park, Brew- ster Co., Texas; deposited in the N. Y. Bot. Gdn. Isotype at the Arnold Arboretum. SPECIMENS Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Sonora: Cory 38605, 38606, Brewster Co., Tex.; Hinckley 2594, Presidio Co., Tex. New York Botanical Garden: Texas. Terrell Co.: Muenscher & Muensch. 14484; van Melle 502, 503, 504, 505. Brewster Co.: Brenckle 51018; Ferris & Duncan 2820 (cf. Martinez, Jun. Mex. in An. Inst. Biol. 17, Nos. 1, 2 : 108, 1946); C. H. Mueller 7945; Muenscher & Mums. 14488, 14534; P. Koch 3, 6 (both rose-fruited variants), 4; E. J. Palmer 34142; van Melle 517. Presidio-Brewster Co.: Hanson 632. Guadelupe Mts.: Moore & Steyermark 3418, 3520 (cf. Steyerm. & Moore in An. Mo. Bot. Gdn. 20 : 812, 1933). Jeff Davis Co.: van Melle 518, 519. Howard Co.: Palmer 33998; Ross, Standley & Russell 12214. Hitchell Co.: van Melle 520, 521, 522. Nolan Co.: Palmer 34593. Floyd Co.: Ferris & Dun- can 3365-A. Paloduro Canyon: Brenckle 51011, 51012. "N. W. Texas": Buckley anno 1875. Probably intermediate between J. texensis and J. monosperma: Oklahoma: Goodman 2218, Cimarron Co. New Mexico: M. E. Jones 9.7.1903, Florita Mts. Arizona: Pringle 6.7.1882, Rincon Mts.; N. L. Goodding 1272, Mouth of Mohave Creek (Mohave Co.). Probably intermediate between J. texensis and J. Ashei: Texas: Palmer 6555, Hood Co. (All the above intermediates at the N. Y. Bot. Gdn.) DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas. In the southwestern mountains with J. Deppeana Steud. and here and there with J. monosperma; in the Chisos Mts. (Brewster Co.) also with J. flaccida Schl. Northward, it is the only Juniper on the slopes and plains to the east of the Staked Plains, and extends into the Paloduro Canyon, where it occurs with J. monosperma and J. Pinchotii Sudw. We have seen no material of it from the Edwards Pla- 26 1952 Van Melle, Juniperus texensis 27 teau, where J. Ashei Buchh. is reported to predominate (Hopkins in Rhodora 40 : 425, foot-note 3 1938; et al.). Eastern limit in northern Texas: about the 100th meridian. With the exception of J. Deppeana and J. flaccida Schlecht., no other Juniper than J. texensis was seen by us along the fol- lowing route travelled by us in western Texas in July, 1951: Junction of the Pecos River and Rio Grande; U.S. Route 90 to Marathon (Brewster Co.); Big Bend National Park; Harathon; Route 90 to Alpine; Routes 118 and 17 to Pecos; thence eastward on Route 80 into Eastland Co. About 35 miles east of Ranger, Eastland Co., J. Ashei replaced our species along this route. One would expect J. texensis to occur south of the Rio Gran- de; but we have seen no Mexican material of it. COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION. Our species differs from J. monosperma only in its fruit and seed. It shows, in the adult foliage, the same inconsistent ra- tio of opposite to ternate leaves, and the same, wide variation of dorsal characters. In scattered stands on open slopes and levels it forms mostly a bushy tree with a crown built upon two or more main limbs ascending more or less widely from a point at or somewhat above the ground and much ramified in their up- per parts; mostly not over 6 m high, but often taller in arro- yos, canyons and wooded varts. In the Big Bend National Park we found it mostly much wider than high; along Route 118, along the fringes of the Davis Mts., relatively narrower, sometimes of equal height and width. In an area between the Big Bend Nat- ional Park and the mouth of the Pecog River it remains mostly much lower and relatively wider, often approximately 1.5 x 4 n, but here, too, mostly much taller in arroyos, and occasionally in the open. As in J. monosperma, the bark exfoliates in thin longitudi- nal strips. But the fruit of J. texensis is conspicuously distinct. It has not the slightest trace of bluish or gray bloom. In living material it is, before maturity, as green as the foliage, and, at maturity, nut—-brown or sometimes yellowish brown, rarely varying to shades of rose or bright brownish red. As it ripens and dries on the bush it turns mostly a dull gray to dull grayish brown or purplish gray. Fruit collected before or at maturity is, on herbarium sheets, a distinctive brown, by which the species is very readily distinguished from both J. mono- sperma and J. Ashei. Fruit collected after it has dried on the bush is likely to r to retain its dull color on the sheets, as in our No. 521. Mr. P. Koch, of the Big Bend National Park Photo Shop, writes me that he has seen only very few of the rose- or red-fruited variants; and I am not sure that when such fruit occurs, it persists throughout the plants on which they are found. In the Big Bend the mature fruit is mostly globose and abmt 28 Pi tict ofr One OrGrT4A Vol. h,- nove 5 mm long and wide, but sometimes to 7.5 mm, Farther north it varies freely to a conico-ovoid shave and is often to 7.5 mm long. Mr. Koch writes me that the occasional red fruits are eaten by Townsend Solitaires from late October on. This would indi- cate that it ripens at that time. He writes, further, that the birds leave the somewhat drier, duller fruit alone, and that it remains end dries on the bush. In July, 1951, we found dry fruit persisting, apparently abnormally late, in only a single bush (our No. 521), in Mitchell Co. The ripe fruit, though somewhat juicy, is less so, and less coarsely wrinkled, and dries and hardens less slowly than that of J. monosperma, which, not rarely, remains quite resilient on herbarium sheets some 25 to 35 years old. The ripening season of the fruit apnears to vary somewhat between the southern and northern extremities of the distribu- tion. We have seen collections of apparently newly matured and maturing fruit made between early Jenuary and the middle of March. From data at hand we conclude that the fruit of J. tex- ensis ripens within a year from the time of its inception. There are predominantly 1 or 2 seeds to a fruit in individ- uel plants or small communities of them. Fruits with 3 seeds occur only very occasionally and apnarently never consistently in any one plant. Basing comparisons upon large auantities of fully matured solitary seeds, we find that those of J. texensis are of some- what smaller average size than those of J. monosperma and have a relatively larger hilum, the larger lobe of which reaches a- bout halfway up the surface, ageinst hardly 1/3 of the way in dg. monosperma. In both kinds there are usually some 3 to 5 more or less clearly or vaguely defined longitudinal grooves extending unvard from near the base; often 2 or 3 placed a little higher up, and sometimes one or more located entirely above the middle. RELATION TO EARLIER PUBLICATIONS J. texensis has been vaguely included in treatments or J. monosperma - more as to distribution than description. Actual- ly, the latter species svills over into Texas from New Mexico into the southwestern mountains, and occurs, farther north, in the Staked Plains and in the Peloduro Canyon and beyond it in the Panhandle. In the mountans it is represented by the following specimens in the N. Y. Bot. Gdn. Herbarium: Hinckley 801, Chinati Hts., Presidio Co.; Waterfall 4800, Sierra Diabo- los, Hudspeth Co., and 4990, Culberson Co; Koch 5. We did not see it in the Big Bend National Park; but Cory's type specinen of Je e exythrocarpa, at the Arnold Arboretum, from the base of lit. Smory, in the Park, appears to us as conspecific. Koch 5 is, also, from the Park. In the Panhandle, notably in the Pa- loduro Canyon, J. monosperma occurs with J. Pinchotil. 1952 Van Melle, Juniperus texensis 29 As for J. Pinchotii, it seems to us that Sudworth's publi- cation of that species (cited below) hardly represents a con- trast with J. monosperma, but rather with the less juicy- end duller-fruited J. texensis. The only element in this original description that distinguishes J. Pinchotii from J. monosperna is the "large hilum" of the seed. ‘fe find, moreover, that the seeds of J. Pinchotii are of somewhat smaller average size than those of J. monosperma. The difference between the two kinds is slicht. Yet it ap- pears to us to have some significance, and to merit recogniti- on. We therefore place Sudworth's Juniper in varietal rank un- der J. monosperma, as follows: JUNIPERUS MONOSPERMA (Engelm.) Sarg. var. PINCHOTII (Sudw.) Comb. nov. J. Pinchotii Sudw. in For. & Irrig. 11 : 204 (1905). A speciei typo seminibus minoribus hilo dimidio seminum longitudine differt. The difference in relative length of the hilum, best ob- served in solitary seeds, is clear and consistent to us in a comparison of some 1500 seeds of each of the two kinds. We have seen specimens of the veriety from the following localities: Texas, Armstrong, Briscoe and Randall Counties. Oklahoma, Cimarron Co. It seems to us that mmy specimens have been identified as gd. Pinchotii on the basis of their localities rather than that of the relative length of the hilun. We regard the variety not as of lesser philogenetic rank than the nomenclatural type, but simply as a slightly distinct phase of the species. As to J. erythrocarpa, described by Cory in Rhodora 38 : 186 (1936) as a species distinct by its red fruit and seed characters - we conclude, from examination of his type speci- men (Cory 7642, at the Armold Arboretum) that it is conspecif- ic with J. monosperma, differing from it by the relatively larger hilum of the seed. The grooves on the seed annear to be particularly well defined but we do not think that they con- stitute a clear-cut difference from typical J. monosperma, in which sometimes they are equally distinct. In all other res- pects J. erythrocarpa anpears to us, from the type specimen, to represent the normally fruited J. monosperma, of which Cory described, in the same paper, the teratological material with exposed seed as J. gymno a. In the same paper, also, he transfers J. occidentalis Hook. var. monosperma Ingelm. to the species mexicana Spreng., which is now believed to equal the geographically rather remote, 3- to 4—seeded J. monticola f. compacta of Martinez (o.c. 85). In fact, Cory's over-all picture of the monosperma situation does not seem very clear. 30 PAX T 0: L40-G.5 6 Vol. h, no. 1 His type sheet of J. erythrocarpa contains, besides several normal fruits, one abnormally developed one of brownish-violet color, about 7 x 5 mm, as well as a number of abnormal proces- ses with elongated, supernumerous floral scales. The rather pointed leaves of the specimen are not unusual in J. monosper- ma. The large hilum matches that of the var. Pinchotii, from Which variety Cory's Juniper may not be clearly distinguishable and to which, woon examination of additional material, we may want to refer it. To date we have seen only one collection, Koch 5, from the Big Bend National Park, which matches Cory's type specimen as to fruit and seed. Meanwhile, tue name J. erythrocarpa invites confusion with the more strikingly erythrocarpous forms of J. texensis. Prior tq our evamination of Cory's type we supposed that the name covereé the rose- to red-fruited forms of our J. texehsis, and that the browm-fruited material of our species was, therefore, conspecific with J. erythrocarpa. Under that impression we so misidentified one of three specimens of our J. texensis from the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (Hinckley 2594). The other two sheets (Cory 38605, 38606) had been so indentified by I. W. Johnston. J. texensis is not likely to be confused with its easterly neighbor, J. Ashei, in which the fruit, in living material, is, before maturity, bright—blue and at maturity, living and pre- served, a very dark blue. Though there is only little pulp, the fruit is quite juicy. The seeds (1 or 2) are only faintly pit- ted or grooved, or both, and the small hilum is of the same rel- ative length as in J. monosperma. Along Routes 80 and 67, eastward of Ranger, Eastland Co., Texas, J. Ashel mostly resembles J. texensis in habit, but is, generally, “of somewhat lesser relative width; often with o- bliquely diverging limbs ascending in their upver parts; vary- ing to rather narrov, nearly erect, plural stemmed trees, often to 8 m high. Buchholz, in his orizinal description (Bot. Gaz. 90 : 329, 1930) mentions heights of 12 to 20 ft. in northwest- ern Arkansas; Palmer (43032, 43986) indicates heights of 10 to 15 m in the Arbuckle Nts. in Oklahoma. The color of the adult foliage is mostly deeper green than in J. texensis; the lesser branches are less rigid, and the terminal shoots are often drooping, like those often seen in J. virginiana ana L. The ultimate adult branchlets are mostly thinner _ then in J. texensis, and thicker than in J. virginiana. Partic- erly in the more narrow end more erect plents there is con- siderable resemblance to J. virginiana, except for the consis- tent plural-stemmed habit. — In fact, it is difficult to avoid the impression that J. Ashei shows signs of intermediacy between J. texensis and Ce virginiana. More particularly, it is in the northerly material that there apneers a strong influence of J. virginiana, while Lt viele i ee 1952 Van Melle, Juniperus texensis 31 in the more southerly, in the general vicinity of Austin, Tex., there appears to be a strong infusion of J. silicicola (Small) Bailey. We think of J. Ashei, then, not in terms of a hybrid species of recent origin, but as a pretty well jelled, though not con- paratively old species of composite derivation. But before ven- turing more detailed speculation as to its origin, let us re- turn to J. texensis. GROUNDS FOR SPECIFIC STATUS OF J. TEXENSIS Despite admitted resemblances between it and J. monosperma we refrain from publishing it as a variety of the last-named because of a belief that the two taxons do not represent, simp- ly, two varietal phases of a single species. We think that, of the two, J. texensis represents the more primitive species, and J. Monosperma a more recent one of composite derivation, invol- ving, on the one hand, J. texensis and, on ~ other, an eas+$- ern Red Cedar influence. We believe that J. monosperma is of the same basic derivation as is J. Ashei, Erne that the texensis influence is more prominent in it than in Jd. Ashei. Our diagnosis of J. texensis as a comparatively primitive species, based upon a monoecious type, proceeds from a view that appears not to have been applied by others to the study of Junipers, but which appears to us as helpful in the discernnent of patterns of relationships and distributions. It is this: that the occurrence of monoecism in Junipers is indicative of comparatively primitive stocls. It appears to be a well established opinion (Arnold, Intr. Paleobot. 325, 1947. that, in relation to the Pinaceae, the Femily Cupressinaceae (or the Subfamily Cupressineae) consti- tutes for the greater part a comparatively recent group. In it appears a trend toward the brealcing up of the monoecism of the older group into a more specialized, dioecious biosis. This trend comes into view clearly in the genus Juniperus, in which may be observed both monoecioug and dioecious as well as tran- sitional phases. In our Review of J. Chinensis et Al. (N.Y. Bot. Gdn., 1947) we applied this view to the restoration of J. sphaerica Lindl., calling attention to the occurrence in it of the three phases - the transitional represented by belatedly monoecious materi- als in which pistillate flowers appear in plants of a more or less advanced (sometimes considerable) age. We do not mean, here, to go into a lengthy discussion of our view. which, with pertinent data, might well furnish subject matter for a separate paper. But we venture to present, here, a few of the indications yielded by the study of the phenomenon of monoecism - which we have limited to the heterophyllous Ju- nipers. 32 PB Ya 2) 0.300.650) m Vol. k; nowtd It seems, for instance, that monoecious elements of species never occur in a2 casual, scattered manner, but always by wey of monoecious "cores", so located as to constitute probable cen- ters of origin of Cioecious distributions, whether of a single or of several species. Once brolen up, it seems that monoecism does not recur. It appears, also, tha, around the world, monoecious "coreg!! occur in only a few areas, which may contain the monoecious el- ements of a single or of several species. For instances, in and about Turkey and certain coastal parts along the Black Sea oc- curs the monoecious element of one, distinct relationship. Here is found the largely monoecious J. excelsa Bieb., of which J. isophyllos C. Koch appears to be only a somewhat modified, di- oecious development. But of the large group of Asiatic one— seeded heterophyllae, some 15 or 16 species of which have been published, it seems that all the !mown monoecious elements are concentrated in a relatively small, contiguous are: comprising Sikang, southern Kansu, parts of Szechuan Province, part of the- Ku-Iu-Nor Range and possibly adjacent parts of Yunnan - while dioecious phases, species and derivatives are spread over large parts of central Asia. In fact, more often than not, monoecious elements are found clustered together in what may well be taken for centers of or- igin. For instance, those of J. Sabina L. and of J. phoenicea L. concur in southeastern France and adjacent parts of the Pyr- enees, at the western end of their obvious eastward distribu- tions. In and about Chekiang Province, China, occur the monoe— cious elements of J. sphaerica and of J. Sheppardii van Helle, dioecious radiations of which can be traced readily in every direction. Known monoecious "cores"! are in some instances large in re- lation to the distribution of their dioecious developments, as in the case of J. osteosperma (Torrey) Little - even if one in- cludes in the over-all dioecious distribution J. californica Carr., which would seem to represent a somewhat modified, di- oecious development of J. osteosperma. More often monoecious "cores" are relatively smaller, as in the case of J. Sabina. In some cases they renresent probably mere remnants. There are undoubtedly one or more undiscovered "cores"; and possibly one or more are extinct. With allowance for undiscovered "cores", it seems that in every one of the major, distinctive types in which the hetero- phyllous Junipers may be readily grouped a monoecious "core" exists. The most important instance known to us of an undis- covered "core" ig that of the Red Cedar group of eastern North America, continental and insular. Though there is re- peated mention in literature of monoecious material of "J. virginiana", we have not seen indication of its geographical location; and there is, moreover, a probability that the name 1952 Van Melle, Juniperus texensis 33 J. virginiana was used in such instances for some other species of the Red Cedar group. In the case of J. flaccida - a very distinct species with a wide distribution in Mexico, spilling over into the Big Bend National Park - no reference to monoecious material is known to us in literature. We have seen only imperfect evidence of it. Brenckle 51017, from the Park, contains, besides abundant sta- minate cones, two or three abnormal processes which appear to represent pistillate inflorescences stung by an insect into a development of supernumerous, elongated scales ~ an injury to pistillate inflorescences which is very commonly found on J. osteosperma and other species, as well as on the type sheet of J. erythrocarpa Cory. Imperfect though the evidence of the Brenckle sheet ; is, it is, nevertheless, evidence of monoecisn. We deem it probable that more conclusive evidence of it will be found in the Big Bend National Park. Martinez (o.c.) makes casual mention of monoecism in J. Dep- peana, without geographical data. North of the Rio Grande there is the following evidence of monoecism in this species in the Herbarium of the N. Y. Bot. Gdn.: J. C. Blumer 1256, Paradise, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., is annotated as representing three trees, staminate, pistillate and monoecious. Otto Kuntze 28239 "Arizona", without locality, is obscurely monoecious. We think that monoecious material of this species may occur also farther eastward. When we visited the Big Bend National Park in July, 1951, staminate cones were not, or only rarely and obscurely, in evidence. Yet we noted a few plants as possibly monoecious, including our No. 517. It seems to us that, generally, monoecious elements may be regarded as the purest and most distinct evidences of their Ikinds. We have seen no evidence of monoecism in any Juniper of discernible composite derivation. Available data on monoecious materials are inevitably inconm- plete. As far as they go they seem to point unanimously to the conclusion that monoecious elements are indicative of compara- tively primitive stocks, and the areas in which they occur of probable centers of origin. We have, therefore, based our J. texensis intentionally up- on a monoecious type, J. F. Brenckle 51019, collected by Dr. Brenckle, of Milette, S. D., from a single plant in the Big Bend National Park on March 16, 1951, and kindly placed at our disposal by him. The plant growing immediately near that from which the type was taken, Brenckle 51018, is dioecious. It seems probable to us that additional monoecious material will be found in the Park, or perhaps also in other mountain ranges in southwestern Texas. The fact that no other monoecious mate— rial had come into our view among earlier collections leads us 3h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 1 to thinks that probably only a small remnant of a monoecious "core" exists in this species. By our own reasoning we should be bound to accord to J. monosperma end to J. Ashei, also, the status of basic, primi- tive species in the event that monoecious meterial of them were found - in which casa our speculations as to their com posite origin would stand refuted. For the present it seems to us improboble that it will be found. The characters of both species appear to us as not original, but derived. It seems to us improbable that a primitive speciation should have occurred quite so devoid of discernible distinctive characters. Consid- er how very distinct are the American species known to contain dioecious elements: J. occidentalis, J. osteosperma, J. Deppe- ana, J. flaccida and J. texensis. PROBABLE DERIVATION OF J. ASHEI AID J. MONOSPERMA From the morphology of these species we judge that both are composites of, on the one hand, J. texensis, and, on the other, of J. virginiana. J. : virginiana extends into southwestern Oklahoma, where it is abundant in the Wichita Mts. - an area not very remote from the northern limit !mown to us of J. texensis. We deem it very probable that the two species overlapped, and that J. Ashei is a result of hybridity between them. This species is now abun- dant on the Arbuckle Plateau in south-central Oklahoma. It ex- tends southward to near San Antonio, Texas, and eastward in northeastern Texas. It is known, also, from northwestern Ar- kansas and adjacent parts of Missouri and Oklahoma. It may be believed to occur, also, at points connecting the latter area with the Arbuckle Plateau or northeastern Texas. There appears to us to exist a difference, not quite defin— able geographically, between the northerly materials which oc cur with and in proximity to J. virginiana, and those from the more southerly Austin — San Antonio area, which bear equally strong resemblances to J. silicicola. The southerly material has thinner ultimate branchlets and often approaches the dor- sal leaf characters of the last-named species. It seems prob- able to us that this southerly material may represent the re- sult of back-crossing between J. Ashei and J. silicicola. As for J. monosperma - it seems probable to us that at some point in southwesternmost Oklahoma or in northwestern Texas it resulted from back-crossing of J. Ashei with northern material of J. texensis; and that it represents - today one of two appar- ent well settled results from an originally probably more un- settled hybrid population; the other result being the var. Pinchotii. In other words, we seem to have, today, two dis- cernibly distinct results of the supposed hybridity: J. mono- sperma, with the small hilum of J. Ashei; and the variety, with the larger hilum of J. texensis. 1952 Van Melle, Juniperus texensis 35 Our general picture, then, of the relationships dealt with in this paper is one of a comparatively primitive species, J. texensis, representing a northward, dioecious extension from a monoecious "core! in the Chisos Mts. in Brewster Co., Texas. At the ReeP are end of its distribution, where it overlapped upon J. virginiana, hybridity between the two species is be- lieved to have given rise to a hybrid species, J. Ashei, which found its distribution eastward and which extends along the eastern fringe of J. texensis. Subsequently, through back- crossing with J. texensis, in or neer southwesternmost Oklaho- ma, another hybrid species is believed to have resulted: J Je monosperma, which, through the northwest of Texas, passed 1: into a large distribution westward, in southern Colorado, New Mexi- co, Arizona and northern Mexico. We did not see J. Ashei along Route 90 between San Antonio and Del Rio; nor have we seen living or preserved material of it from between this route and the Rio Grande. Yet there ap- pears to exist a strong resemblance between this species and the Mexican, slender-fruited, thin-branchleted J. monosperma var. gracilis of Martinez (Zon Juniperus Mexicanos 109); and one easily su supposes that a relationship exists between them. Investigation of it would involve an extension of the scope of the present paper which we must forgo —- not, however, with- out pointing to the desirability of closer correlation between the admirable study by Martinez and available treatments of Junipers north of the Rio Grande. Grateful acknowledgement is made of courtesies extended to the writer by the New York Botanical Garden, the Amold Arbo- retum, the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, and by Mr. Peter Koch, of the Big Bend National Park Photo Shop; particu- larly, by Dr. J. F. Brenckle, of Milette, S. D., in placing at our disposal valuable study material, collected by him. SUMMARY Available data on the occurrence of monoecism among the heterophyllous Junipers point to monoecious elements as in- dicative of comparatively primitive stocks, and to the a- reas in which they occur as probable centers of origin. J. texensis sp. nov. is based upon a monoecious type. J. Ashei is believed to be of composite derivation from J. texensis and J. virginiana; and J. monosperma, from J. tex- ensis and J. Ashei. J. Pinchotil is presented in a new combination as J. mono- sperma var. Pinchotii. J. erythrocarpa Cory is regarded as conspecific with J. monosperma and hardly distinct from the var. Pinchotii. A NEW SPECIES OF ORMOSIA FROM BAHIA Joseph V. Monachino ORMOSIA BAHIENSIS lionachino, sp. nov. Arbor, ca. 9 m. alta, 10 cm. diametro; ramulis ca. 7 mn. diametro, cinereis glabris vel glabrescentibus; foliis 7-folio- latis, secus rhachidem parce pubescentibus; petiolis 3.0--3.5 cm. longis; petiolulis ca. ) mm. longis parce pubescentibus; laminis foliolorum ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis vel ellipticis, 6.5--9.5 cm. longis et 3.0--).5 cm. latis, ad basin rotundatis vel subcordatis asymmetricis, ad apicem breviter acuminatis ob- tusis, utrinque subglabris (costa subtus parcissime pilosis); reticulo venarum venulorumque supra obscuro; venis secundariis subtus subelevatis arcuatis utrinsecus ca. 8, venulis ultimis obscuris; ramis infructescentiae arcte pubescentibus; pedicel- lis brevissimis; bracteolis lanceolatis ca. 1.5 mm. longis; fructibus breviter stipitatis vel sessilibus, 2.5--5.0 cm. longis, 2.5--3.0 cm. latis dehiscentibus, senectute subtortulo- sis, glabris; seminibus solitariis vel binariis ca. 13 mm. longis, 10 mm. latis, rubris unicoloratis, hilo ca. 1 mm. longo. Tree, about 9 m. high and 10 cm. DBH; branchlets about 7 mm. diam., cineraceous, glabrous or glabrescent, the buds generally several together, superposed, brown-ferrugineous tomentose, the leaf=-scars raised, shield-shaped, margins slightly elevated, the bundle=-scars contiguous near center of leaf-scar; leaves 7- foliolate, the rachis 9--12 cm. long with a terminal prolonga- tion of 1.0--17 mm., sparsely pilose, indumentum longest per- Sistent at base of petioles and petiolules, the petioles 3.0-- 3.5 cm. long, the petiolules about | m. long, incrassate, sparsely pilose, the leaflet-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate or ellintic, 6.5--9.5 cm. long and 3.0--)|.5 cm. broad, rounded to subcordate and inequilateral at base, short-acuminate and blunt at apex, essentially glabrous except for a few pale-browm hairs (up to 0.5 mm. long) along midrib on underside, dotted with scattered brown resinous atoms, somewhat shining yellow-— olive on upperside and pale on underside, the nervature faint on upperside, the secondaries few, about 3 pairs, arcuate, slightly raised on underside, the ultimate veinlets obscure, seen faintly raised under a lense, the tissue of leaves coria- ceous; flowers not seen; infructescence-branches pubescent with rusty or greyish, mostly appressed hairs; pedicels very short, the tracteoles lanceolate, about 1.5 mm. long; legumes shortly stipitate or sessile, 2.5--5.0 cm. long and 2.5--3.0 cm. broad, more or less compressed, sharp-keeled on dorsal or placental side, dehiscent and becoming subtortulose, the valves glabrous, punctate, lightly rugulose or smooth, dark-brown and somewhat 36 1952 Honachino, A new Species of Ormosia 37 shining outside, ligneous; seeds single or two in each legume, about 13 mm. long and 10 mm. broad, red, unicolored, the hilum about 3 mm. long. "Mongolo"; deposited at The New York Botanical Garden. Ormosia bahiensis is a distinctive species in its nearly glabrous leaflets with few secondaries and obscure reticula- tion. Not more than a single leaflet is necessary to separate it easily from all the other species of which material is available at The New York Botanical Garden. The description of Ormosia holerythra Ducke is strikingly like that of our plant, but Ducke's species is here judged to be distinct from ours upon consideration of its geographical distribution. 0. holerythra is know from Par4, Obidos and the lower Rio Trombetas in the Amazon system. Furthermore, Ducke states that his species has completely glabrous leaves, whereas QO. bahiensis is distinctly short-pilose on its petiolules and elsewhere. The affinity of 0. bahiensis is probably closer with 0. nit- ida Vogel. The type of the latter was collected by Sellow be- tween Vittoria and Bahia; Ducke reports the species from the Rio Déce, Espirito Santo, on the basis of Kuhlmann 110. There is at The New York Botanical Garden a photo of the type that was in the Berlin herbarium. The leaflets of O. nitida are more or less distinctly cuneiform at the base, the sparse lateral nerves diverge from the midrib at an acute angle (about 30--0 degrees, whereas in 0. bahiensis they form an angle of about 60 desrees "with the midrib), the petiolules appear to be 6--7 mn. long. Bentham (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15 (1): 315. 1862) describes the seeds of 0. nitida as bicolored. According to Harms (in Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. 19: 288. 192) Bentham's description refers to 0. arborea (Vell.) Harms, and Ducke (Ann. Acad. Brasil Sci. 11: 187. 1939) places O. nitida in subsect. Unicolores, charac- terized by entirely red seeds. 0. arborea, which 0. nae more resembles in leaflet shape, has a greater number of later- al nerves, bolder veinlets, and a more pubescent habit. Its furfuraceous indumentum consists of very short appressed hairs, much different from the pilosity of 0. bahiensis. The seeds are bicolored (e.g., Hoehne 29116). Resides 0. nitida and 0. , arborea, four additional species are known from southern Erazil. 0. Pastigiata Tul. has densely tomentose leaflets with numerous lateral nerves. This is the only southern Ormosia with a distributional range embracing northern Brazil (Minas Gerais to Venezuela). 0. fribursensis Glaziou ‘: Taub. ex Harms has small leaflets 2--5.5 cm. long, 1--2 cm. wide, and larze seeds, up to 25 mn. in ciameter. 0. Glazioviana iiarms has leaflets. tomentose or subtonentose be-= 38 PHY, TO) %..0: G8 Vols h, neyad neath and bicolored seeds. 0. minor Vogel has clearly different nervature from 0. bahiensis, tomentose fruits, and bicolored seeds. — — ie ii i ei ei Ei eri Kr ewe Kei KK = A NEW VARIETY OF CHRYSOPHYLLUM AURATUM MIQ. Joseph V. Monachino The Sapotaceae, more so than other families of plants, often evince morphological characters or trends which seem to suggest almost contradictory criteria. On the one hand, small structur- al differences may indicate specific distinctions, and on the other hand, conspicuous characters may signify only variation or merely a varietal distinction. Some species of not too close affinity, or even different genera, simulate each other, so to make identification from incomplete material hazardous. As an example of a feature which is generally unreliable can be counted foliage indumentum, the customarily deciduous habit of which is well known. There are many instances of variation in number of flower parts and in cells of the ovary, sometimes even on the same branch. Yet it should be kept in mind that ev- ery character is sometimes diagnostic, and, as to the rest of the plant kingdom, there is no infallible rule. As a general rule, the character of pubescence on the corolla is reliable, but, as can be seen from the variety described below, it may be of less than specific importance. CHRYSOPHYLLUM AURATUM var. GLABRIFLORUM Monachino, var. nov. A varietate typica corolla extus glabra vel sparse strigosa recedit. Branchlets lightly verrucose; petioles 7--18 mm, long, blades 5.5--16 em. long, 3.2--7.8 cm. broad, closely rufous- sericeous beneath, the principal lateral nerves arcuate, well- spaced, ca. 13 pairs; pedicels ca. 5--6 mm. long; sepals orbic- ular-ovate, ca. 1.7 cm. long, sericeous outside, glabrous with- in; corolla-tube 3.3--3.7 mm. long, glabrous or very sparsely strigose outside near summit, corolla-lobes 1--1.); mm. long; ovary sericeous; stigma-lobules 5. Type: W. H. Camp No. E 3837, Ecuador, junction of the prov- the western cordillera near the village of Bucay, 1000--1200 feet elevation; June 8--15, 195; forest tree, 12 m., with milky sap, leaves deep green, nitic above, pale yellow green beneath, calyx reddish, corolla pale greenish yellow. (Deposit- ed in the New York Botanical Garcen). 1952 Monachino, A new Variety of Chrysophyllun 39 C. auratum var, majus Miquel has typically strigose cor- ollas, and the varieties | acutifolium and obtusifolium of C. sericeum (placed in the synonymy of C. auratun by Cronquist) were distincuished by Miquel on the basis of leaf characters. In the key to the South American species of Chrysophyllun in Cronquist's revision (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 73: 289. 1916) the present variety, having a glabrous corolla, falls errone- ously to C. parvulum Pittier. It is readily separated from the latter by its clearly arcuate lateral nerves, larger leaves, and more persistent pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves. However, good distinguishing characters are lacking, but this is generally true in the whole typical section of the genus, the species of which are very closely connected. A NEW COMBINATION IN SCHINDLERIA Joseph V. Monachino SCHINDLERIA DENSIFLORA (Kuntze) Monachino, comb. nov. Rivina densiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3 (3): 268. 1898. Only six species have hitherto been proposed in Schindler- ia, as follows: S. glabra H. iialter, from Peru, described in 1906; S. mollis H. Walter, Bolivia, 1909; S. racemosa (Britt. ex Rusby) He Naver, based on Villemilia racemosa Britton ex Rusby in Mem. Torr. Bot. Club (1895) ): 251, Bolivia; S. riv- inoides (Rusby) H. Walter, based on Villamilla rivinioides _ Rusby (error for Sere ee Bolivia, 1907; S. rosea H. Walt- er, Bolivia, 1909; S. Weberbaueri 0. C. Schmidt, Peru, 1923. Schindleria rivinoides H. walter, with Villanmilla rivin- oides Rusby in synonymy, was first published in 1906, but the name was based on a cheironym: "Villamilla rivinoides Rusby! Exsicc. Boliv. Bang. no. 1292, 2607." Likewise, S. rosea, with V. rosea in synonymy. In the latter case, "Villamilla rosea" was never published by Rusby. The name appeared merely on the label of the herbarium sheet Bang 1292, and the specific part of this name was subsequently changed (probably in Rusby's own hand) to "rosea-oenia (Lem.) Rusby". The combination Villamilla rosea-oenia (Lem.) Rusby, based on Ledenbergia rosea-aenea Lem. (not Ladenbergia rosea-oenia, as spelled by Rusby), 1869, was published in 1396. The specimen Bang 1292, however, is a Schindleria, whereas Lemaire's species is Trichostigma peruvia- Fe) Per) Oy, COG Vol. l, nos num, as indicated by Walter. ~~ As can be seen from my enumeration of the species together with their dates of publication, only Villamilla racemosa has priority over Rivina densiflora. These two species are at about opposite poles, as far as differences can be observed in a genus of very closely allied species. The black color of the dried flowers and the comparatively dense bristly indumentum of S. racemosa distinguish it rather easily from S. densiflora. “Kuntze cited two taxa under Rivina densiflora: subrosa O. Ktze. Flores subrosei, f. erecta herbacea. Bolivia: 2000 m. Santa Rosa. flavida 0. Ktze. Flores flavidi, f. subscandens fruticosa. Bolivia: Tunari. I select the first cited, that from Santa Rosa, collected by Kuntze in April 1392, as the type of the species. It is deposited in the herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden. Rivina densiflora was missed by Hans Walter in his mono- graph of the Phytolaccaceae in Engler's Das Pflanzenreich (1909) IV 83. The leaves are glabrous or very sparsely puberu- lent on the nerves beneath and the inilorescence is glabrous in the type, whereas the Tunari plant has the nerves of the underside of the leaves manifestly puberulent and the axis of the inflorescence tomentulose. S. rivinoides is close to the Tunari specimen in pubescence character. Rusby described its flower as having a reddish keel; Walter, as having "tepala.... alba", The sepals in S. Weberbaueri, a species of the glabrous kind, were described as greenish. I have not seen sufficient material to draw a sure identity between the above three species, although I strongly suspect such specific equivalancy. The poke (Phytolacca americana L.), which is found frequently in the vicinity of New York, shows white, pinkish or greenish sepals, with obviously no diagnostic value. That the indumentum differences in the above three spe- cies is probably merely an insignificant variation is further indicated by the following three collections, which were orig- inally distributed without names but belong somewhere in the densiflora-rivinoides-Weberbaueri group. Steinbach 9361, Bolivia, Cochabamba, Chaparé, 26 Feb. 1929. Leaves puberulent beneath and inflorescence tomentulose, but not as densely so as in S. rivinoides. Rosa Scolnik 906, Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo, 950 m., 23--31 July 1948. Leaves and inflorescence glabrous. D. McCarroll 54, Peru, Puno, Sandia, Santo Domingo area, 4 November 1939. White flowers pink-tipped. Leaves puberulent be- neath, inflorescence glabrous or minutely roughened. Bang 1292 is the type of S. rosea, and this number is cited in part by Walter in Das Pflanzenreich for S. rivinoides. The nerves on the underside of tiie leaves and the inflorescence of 1952 Monachino, New Combination in Schindleria 1 S. rosea are puberulent; the sepals are described as rose by Walter. I am not sure that S. rosea is distinct from S. rivin- oides. cx I recognize the genus Schindleria principally on the auth- ority of Walter, who first proposed it in 1906 and three years later elaborated it in his monograph of the Phytolaccaceae. The flower of Schindleria is hermaphroditic, has four sepals, irregularly disposed many stamens, a superior unilocular uni- ovulate ovary, penicillate stigma, and a dry fruit. Rivina has four stamens, capitate stigma, and baccate fruit. Kuntze, in 1898, transferred Villamilla racemosa to Rivina. Villamilla Ruiz & Pav. ex Moq. (=Trichostigma A. Rich.) differs from Schindleria chiefly in its baccate fruit; Ledenbergia Klotzsch ex Moq. (=Flueckigera Kuntze), in the arrangement of its stamens. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. XIII Harold N. Moldenke CALLICARPA BREVIPES f. ANNAMENSIS Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica recedit laminis foliorum arcte ellipticis usque ad 15 em. longis et 6 cm. latis minute serru- latis, ad basin attenuato-acutis. This form differs from the typical form of the species and from the several other described forms in having its leaf- blades decidedly elliptic, the larger ones about 15 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, minutely serrulate from below the middle to be- low the terminal acumination, attenuate-acute at the base. The type of this form was collected by Joseph and Mary Knapp Clemens (no. 99) at Tourane or its vicinity, Annan, French Indochina, between May and July, 1927, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. CALLICARPA FORMOSANA var. GLABRESCENS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis subtus glaberr- imis vel in venis majoribus sparse stellatis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the lower leaf-surfaces entirely glabrous or else sparsely stellate only on the midrib and larger veins. The type of the variety was collected by Maximo Ramos and Gregorio E. Edafio [Herb. Philippine Bureau of Science 29137] on Mount Tulaog, province of Tayabas, Luzon, Philippine Islands, in May, 1917, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the 2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 1 New York Botanical Garden. CALLICARPA KINABALUENSIS Bakh., sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva; ramis percrassis obtuse tetragonis permedullosis densissime hirsutis, pilis ferrugineo-fulvis; foliis oppositis magnis; petiolis percrassis densissime paten- ti-hirsutis; laminis crassis firme chartaceis vel subcoriaceis ellipticis vel obovatis acutis vel acuminatis dentatis, ad basin cuneatis vel rotundatis, supra densiuscule villosulo- pubescentibus, subtus densissime tomentosis, pilis ferrugineo- fulvis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, subrecurvatis cymosis ubique densissime ferrugineo-hirsutis furcatis. Shrub about 3 feet tall or small tree; branches and stems very heavy and coarse, obtusely tetragonal, very medullose, very densely hirsute with ferruginou-fulvous hairs about 5 m. long standing at right angles to the stem, more matted and finally even glabrescent toward the base of the plant in age; principal internodes 3--3 cm. long; nodes annulate; leaves de- cussate-opposite, large; petioles very stout, 2.5--3 cm. long, very densely spreading-hirsute like the branches; blades thick- textured, firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, elliptic or ob- ovate, 15--30 cm. long, 7.5--11 cm. wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, dentate from near the base to just below the terminal acumination, cuneate or rounded at base, rather densely villos- ulous-pubescent above, less so in age, very densely matted- tomentose beneath with ferruginous-fulvous hairs; midrib very stout, flat above, very densely tomentose on both surfaces, very prominent beneath; secondaries slender, 10—-12 per side, flat or slightly prominulent above, prominent beneath, arcuate- ascending, running to the margins but not anastomosing; veinlet reticulation quite abundant, obscure above, prominulous be- neath, normally hidden by the dense tomentum; inflorescence ax- illary, 2 per node, somewhat recurved, cymose, 5--7 cm. long, much shorter than the subtending leaf, l|--6.5 cm. wide, compos- ed normally of two lateral widely divergent branches and no terminal one, the branches stout, 1--1.5 cm. long, very densely ferruginous-hirsute like the stems, obce or twice furcate, bearing 2--) densely many-flowered subcapitate cymules; pecunc- les stout, 3--l cm. long, very densely ferruginous-villous like the stems; bractlets lanceolate-ovate, 8--10 mm. long, attenu- ate-acute, densely ferruginous-hirsute with more or less ap- pressed hairs; pedicels completely obscured by the dense vill- ous hairs; calyx campanulate, about 5 mm. long, very densely hirsute with ferruginous many-celled erect hairs, its rim deep- ly apiculate-lobed; corolla white or cream-colored; stamens yellow; pistil white. The type of this most remarkable species was collected by Joseph and Mary Knapp Clemens (no. 33200) at Marai Parai, Mount Kinabalu, British North Borneo, on Way 22, 1933, and is depos- 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 3 ited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. CALLICARPA LONGIPETIOLATA var. GLABRESCENS I!oldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis subtus arcte argentatis sparsissime (in venis majoribus) furfuraceis recedit This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its lower leaf-surfaces decidedly silvery, but only very sparsely furfuraceous on the larger venation when mature. The type of the variety was collected by Father kforice Van- overbergh (no. 1376) in Bontoc Subprovince, Luzon, Philippine Islands, on June 20, 191), and is deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisch Museum at Utrecht. CITHAREXYLUM STANDLEYI var. MEXICANUM Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit racemis fruc- tiferis 3.5--3 cm. longis et laminis foliorum subtus ubique minute puberulis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its fruiting-racemes only 3.5--3 cm. long and its leaf- blades minutely puberulous throughout on the lower surface, much more densely so on the larger venation. The type of the variety was collected by B. L. Turner (no. 2077) in gravelly-clay soil on a dry stream-bank, one mile east of La Placita, 45 air miles south of Colima, Michoac4n, Mexico, on July h, 1950, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Uni- versity of Michigan. CLERODENDRUM BAKHUIZENI Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor; ramis ramulisque gracilibus griseis ob- tuse tetragonis dense breviterque oubescentibus, in statu sen- ili glabrescentibus; foliis ternatis; petiolis gracillimis dense breviterque pubescentibus; laminis tenuiter chartaceis fragilibus late ellipticis vel elliptico-ovatis rotundatis vel obtusis integris, ad basin late rotundatis, supra plusminusve dense puberulis, subtus plusminusve dense puberulis vel brevi- ter pubescentibus et impresso-punctatis; inflorescentiis ter- minalibus dense adpresso-puberulis. Shrub or tree; branches and branchlets rather slender, light-gray, obtusely tetragonal, densely short-pubescent with sordid-canescent subappressed hairs, glabrescent in age; twigs very slender, very densely short-pubescent with antrorsely curved sordid hairs; nodes not ampliate, sometimes annulate; principal internodes 0.5--.5 cm. long; leaf-scars subcircular, borne on large, very divergent and prominent corky sterigmata; leaves ternate; petioles very slender, 1--2 cm. long, densely short-pubescent like the twigs; blades thin-chartaceous, brittle when dry and rather uniformly gray-green on both sur- faces, broadly elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 2.2--6.5 cm. long, iageat.5 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex, entire, broad hb PY 20,1006 sok Vol. h, now ly rounded to a shortly acuminate base, more or less densely puberulent above, more or less densely puberulent or short- pubescent and impressed=punctate beneath; midrib slender, flat above, prominulous beneath; secondaries very slender, --6 per side, arcuate-ascending, flat above, subprominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation rather sparse, mostly very obscure or in- discernible above, rather obscure or slightly subprominulous beneath; inflorescence terminal, composed of 2--6 whorls of rather few-flowered cymes mostly about 3 cm. long; peduncle much abbreviated, indistinguishable from the twigs; sympodia abbreviated, mostly 5--10 mm. long, densely appressed-puberu- lent; cyme=branches slender, 1--2 cm. long, densely appressed- puberulent; pedicels filiform, 1--2 mm. long, densely sordid- puberulent; bractlets narrow-elliptic or linear, 2--l mm. long, densely brownish-puberulent; calyx narrow-campanulate, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, rather densely puberulent with twisted antrorsely subappressed sordid hairs, its rim very shortly h- denticulate; corolla hypocrateriform, its tube 8--9 mm. long, nigrescent in drying, very minutely pulverulent on the outside, its limb suberect, the lobes 2--3 mm. long, rounded at the a- pex, glabrous; stamens and pistil exserted to about 2 cm.; fruiting-calyx shallowly patelliform, 10--13 mm. wide, more or less irregularly puberulent, its rim shallowly and irregularly lobed or merely sinuate; fruit drupaceous, nigrescent in drying and subglobose, 8--10 m. long and wide, much wrinkled in dry- ing, glabrate. The type of this puzzling species was collected from material cultivated in the Botanical Garden at Buitenzorg, Java, during or before 1916, and is sheet no. 20766 in the Herbarium Bogori- ense. The file number of the cultivated plant is Hort. Bog. XV. L.11. The plants at Buitenzorg were received as and cultivated as "Clerodendron glaucum Wall." and it may well be that this nomen nudum of Wallich (ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 383. 180) is to be reduced to synonymy here. In 1919 the dis- tinguished taxonomist, Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Brink, Sr., who has done such noteworthy and splendid revision- ary work in this family and to whom the species is respectfully dedicated, regarded it as C. emirnense Bojer, native to Mada- gascar. In 192) he decided that it was not that species, but was C, tomentosum (Vent.) R. Br., native to tropical Australia and New Guinea. This plant is not C. emirnense, because that species, even in its var. diffusum (which has somewhat similar inflorescence) has smaller glabrous leaves. It is not C. tomentosum because in that species the calyx and fruiting-calyx are 5-fid and the corolla is smaller. It somewhat resembles C. aculeatum var. gracile Griseb. & Moldenke, which, however, has spinose stems and narrower leaves. Its ternate leaf arrangement reminds one 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants ks of C. molle H.B.K., C. margaritense Moldenke, and C. ternifol- ium var. mexiae Moldenke, but in all those the calyx-rim is deeply lobed and flaring. Similarly, C. hircinum Schau., C. glabrum var. ovale (Klotzsc) H. H. W. pearson and var. pubes- cens Thomas, which it resembles in habit, have elongated calyx- Tobes. In C. pyrifolium J. G. Baker and C. sakaleonense lolden- ke the leaves are glabrous, as they are also in C.heterophyllum (Poir.) R. Br., some forms of which our plant resembles. It bears striking resemblance to C. rehmanni (tirke, but in that species the calyx is decidedly villous. C. perrieri var. laxi- cymosum Moldenke is similar, but has larger leaves and the pub- escence on pedicels and calyx wide-spreading. It comes closest of all to C. premnoides lioldenke, of Madagascar, in which, how- ever, the leaf-blades are thinner in texture, only sparsely strigillose beneath, the calyx and corolla smaller, and the corolla-tube plainly pilose on the outside. CLERODENDRUM BRACTEATUM var. BUNNEMEIJERI Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit laminis folio- rum subtus glabratis vel glabrescentibus, tubis corollae sparse strigilloso-pilosis, et lobis calycis perspicue ellipti- cis, marginibus recurvatis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the leaf-blades glabrate or glabrescent beneath, the corolla-tubes sparsely strigillose-pilose, and the calyx-lobes conspicuously elliptic (instead of ovate) and with recurved margins. The type of the variety was collected by H. A. B. Btfnnemeij- er (no. 8869) -- in whose honor it is named -- at G, Koerintji, at an altitude of about 1770 m., on the west coast of Sumatra, on March 15, 1920, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisch liuseum at Utrecht. CLERODENDRUM BUCHANANI f. ALBUM Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having white corollas. The type of the form was collected by Oene Posthumus (no. 730) near Bangko, at an altitude of 180 m., Sumatra, on August 13, 1925, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. CLERODENDRUM BUCHANANI f. BREVIFLORUM Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei tubis corollae usque ad 1 cm, longis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its corolla-tubes only 1 cm. long or less during anthe- sis. Te) PA YY Pore ee Vol. 4, no, 1 The type of this form was collected by Ilse Rensch-Maier (no. 29h) at Sembaloen, Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands, on April (, 1927, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buit- enzorg. CLERODENDRUM BUCHANANI var. GLABRUM (H. J. Lam) Moldenke, comb. nov. Clerodendron blumeanum var. glabrum H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay Arch. 302. 1919. CLERODENDRUM CERAMENSE Moldenke, sp. nov. ‘ Arbor; ramulis densissime flavo-lanuginosis, pilis subad- pressis antrorsis; petiolis crassiusculis densissime flavo- lanuginosis; laminis submembranaceis ovatis acuminatis integ- ris, ad basin rotundatis vel subtruncatis, supra densiuscule breviterque pubescentibus, subtus perdensioribus; inflorescent- iis paniculatis ad apicem ramulorum aggregatis ubique dense flavo-pubescentibus; calice profunde 5-lobato dense pubescente. Tree, about 6 m. tall; branchlets medium-stoutish, obtusely tetragonal, very densely yellow-lanuginous with more or less subappressed antrorse hairs; nodes not annulate; principal in- ternodes )--8 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles rather stout, ]\--8.5 cm. long, very densely yellow-lanuginous with subappressed antrorse hairs; blades submembranous, dark ‘green on both surfaces, ovate, 12—-18 cm. long, 8.5--11 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, entire, rounded or subtruncate at the base, rather densely short-pubescent above, much more densely so beneath; midrib stoutish, prominent beneath, mostly flat and densely pubescent above; secondaries slender, 5 or 6 per side, ascending, very slightly arcuate, mostly flat above and prominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation abundant, the tertiaries numerous and subparallel; inflorescence agsregated at the ends of the branchlets, paniculate, densely yellow- pubescent throughout; bracts numerous, elliptic, 1.4—2.8 cm. long, 5--10 mm. wide, densely yellowish-puberulent on both sur- faces, stipitate, obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, not obscuring the flowers in any way; cymes densely many- flowered, several times dichotomous; calyx campanulate, about 1 cm. long or slightly less, very densely short-—pubescent throughout with yellowish-brown hairs, its rim deeply 5-lobed, the lobes ovate, —-6 mm. long, acuminate at the apex; corolla white, its tube very narrow, 2--3 cm. long, very sparsely pub- erulous-pilosulous on the outside, the limb 5-lobed, the lobes 5--7 mm. long, rounded at the apex, rather densely pilosulous on the outside; stamens and pistil exserted about 1.5 cm. fron the corolla=mouth. The type of this species was collected by Louis Martin Rob- ert Rutten (no. 1865) at Vai-veti, Kawagebied, on western Cer- am, on November 10, 1918, and is deposited in the Herbarium 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 7 Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. The species was originally identfied at Buitenzorg as C. cunninghamii and later as C. macrostegium. C. macrostegiun, however, has very large and broad bracts which hide the flowers, = C. cunninghamii has narrower and longer calyxes. C. Soot Se J. Lam differs at once in its much larger calyxes and C. lanuginosum Blume in its shorter corolla-tubes. The new species is perhaps most closely related to C. philippinense Elm., which also seems to have unifamly shorter corollas. CLERODENDRUM DISCOLOR var. MACROCALYX Molcenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma t-pica speciei recedit calicibus late campanulatis 7--9 mm. longis latisque, lobis arcte rubro-tinct- is pubescentibus et foliis decussato-oppositis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its calyxes at time of anthesis broadly campanulate, 7— 9 mm. long and wide, decidedly red-tinged on the lobes, pubes- cent, and the leaves decussate-opposite. The type of the variety was collected by P. Quarré (no. 1872) at Mimanua, Belgian Congo, in August, 1929, and is 's depos- ited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de 1l'Etat at Brussels. CLERODENDRUM DISCOLOR var. RUBRICALYX Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei calicibus rubris 3--}; mm. longis, 4--6 mm, latis, pubescentibus recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having decidedly red calyxes during and after anthesis, 3--l mn. long, h--6 mm. wide pubescent; the leaves are ternate. The type of the variety was collected by Rossignol (no. 218) at Iurala, altitude 2000 m., Belgian Congo, on November 25, _ 1939, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de l'Etat at Brussels. CLERODENDRUM FAULKNERI lioldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis crassiusculis fistulosis griseis striatis glabris; ramulis fistulosis glabris nigrescentibus; petiolis obsoletis vel brevibus et alatis; laminis membranaceis oblan- ceolatis rotundatis vel subacutis serratis, ad basin longiter attenuatis, utrinque glabris; inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis anguste cylindraceis ubique glabris. A large bush; branches rather stout, hollow, gray, striate, glabrous, the bark with a curious mesh-like texture under a hand-lens; branchlets slender or stout, hollow, often collaps- ing in drying, nigrescent in drying, glabrous; nodes not annu- late; principal internodes 5--10 cm. long; leaves decussate- opposite, usually borne only on the young branchlets at time of anthesis; petioles obsolete or short and winged, usually merg- 48 POH YoPOpLrO7GeT as Vol. h, neven ing so gradually into the lamina as to be difficult to distin- guish; blades membranous, bright-green, lighter beneath, ob- lanceolate, 12--1) cm. long, 2.5--l; cm. wide, rounded or sub- acute at the apex, long-attenuate into the petiole at the base, shallowly serrate from about the middle to the apex with low rounded teeth, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib slender, flat above, prominulous beneath; secondaries very slender, l--6 per side, arcuate-ascending, indistinctly anastomosing beneath, flat or obscure above, prominulous beneath; veinlet reticula- tion sparse, mostly obscure above, flat beneath; inflorescence terminal, a narrow-cylindric panicle composed of 5--10 pairs of dense fascicles of flowers; peduncles similar to the adjacent branchlet, mostly hollow, nigrescent in drying, glabrous, often very stout, 7--ll cm. long; sympodia similar to the peduncles in all respects, sometimes elongated to 7 cm. in fruit, glab- rous, nigrescent, unbranched; pedicels filiform, about 5 m. ~ long, compressed, glabrous, issuing directly from the nodes of the inflorescence-axis, in fascicles of about ten; bractlets lanceolate, 7--12 mm. long, acuminate, glabrous; calyx campanu- late, 5--6 mm, long, glabrous, deeply lobed to about the middle, the lobes ovate-oblong, acute; corolla rich-purple and pale-green, strongly zygomorphic, about 1.5 cm. long; stamens long-exserted, about 2 cm. long, strongly arched; fruiting- calyx cupuliform or patelliform, only slightly incrassate, of- ten reflexed or variously shriveled, about 1.5 cm. wide, glab- rous, deeply triangular-lobed to the middle or beyond; fruit drupaceous, about 7 mm. long and 10 mm. wide, deeply )-lobed or (by abortion) 2- or 3-lobed, glabrous, wrinkled, consisting of ) (or by abortion 2 or 3) nutlets. The type of this species was collected by H. Faulkner (Kew 115; drawing 536), moderately common in open forest and planta- tion, Namagoa Estate, Lugela to Mocuba, Quelimane district, Portuguese East Africa, in December, 1948, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. CLERODENDRUM KIBWESENSE lMoldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramulis obscurissime tetragonis pulverulo-puberulis; petiolis gracilibus piloso-pubescentibus; laminis membranaceis ellipticis rotundatis et brevissime apiculatis integris vel subintegris, ad basin acutis, utrinque densiuscule breviterque pubescentibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis. Shrub to 3 m. tall; branchlets slender, very obscurely tet- ragonal, very lightly pulverulent-puberulous, more densely so on the youngest parts; principal internodes 2--6 cm. long; nodes only faintly amulate or not annulate; leaves decussate- opposite; petioles very slender, 1--1.5 cm. long, pilose-pubes- cent with brownish hairs; blades membranous, somewhat lighter beneath, brunnescent in drying, elliptic, h--6 cm. long, 1.5--3 cm. wide, rounded to a very slight apiculation at the apex, a- 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants ho cute at the base, entire or subentire, rather densely short- pubescent on both surfaces; midrib slender, prominent beneath; secondaries filiform, few, mostly about | per side, distant, arcuate-ascending, flat above, very slightly subprominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation abundant but rather obscure on both surfaces; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, consisting of 1 or 2 pairs of lateral and a terminal cyme; peduncle slen- der, obscurely tetragonal, very finely puberulous, 2.5--l cm. long; sympodia and inflorescence-branches very slender, often stramineous, sulcate or compressed, microscopically puberulous or glabrescent; pedicels filiform, about 1 mm. long, microscop- ically puberulous; calyx campanulate, about 2 mm. long, micro- scopically puberulous or glabrate, its rim deeply 5-lobed, the lobes about as long as the tube; corolla very small, about mm. long; fruiting-calyx broadly campanulate, about 3 mm. long and mm. wide, minutely puberulous, its lobes ovate, erect- spreading, acute. The type of this species was collected by Georg Scheffler (no. 62) on a sunny thick bush steppe, on red laterite soil, at Kibwesi, Ukambani, at an altitude of about 1000 m., Tangan- yika Territory, on January 28, 1906, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de 1'Etat at Brussels. The plant has much of the aspect of a Premna, but was placed by Berthold Thomas in "Clerodendrum cfr. Sektio lkiicrocalyx". CLERODENDRUM LANUGINOSUM var. ADPRESSIPILUM lioldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pilis calicis arcte adpressis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species only in having the dense pubescence closely appressed to the calyx. The type of the variety was collected by Adolph Daniel Ed- ward Elmer (no. 13559) at Cabadbaran, Mount Urdaneta, province of Agusan, Mindanao, Philippine Islands, in August, 1912, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. CLERODENDRUM LEPARENSE Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor alta; petiolis immaturis densissime flavo-tomentoso- pubescentibus; laminis immaturis chartaceis ellipticis longe apiculatis integris, ad basin obtusis, sora parciuscule pilos- ulis, subtus densiuscule flavo-puberulis; inflorescentiis ut videtur axillaribus vel forsitan terminaliter aggregatis, cymis trifloris; calice tubuloso-campanulato dense puberulo-piloso. Tall tree; only the very small leaves from directly beneath the inflorescence knowm, these have their petioles 8--1l m, long, very densely yellow tomentose-pubescent, the blades char- taceous, elliptic, 1.7—-l cm. long, 7--1) mm, wide, entire, ob- tuse at the base, long-apiculate at the apex, rather sparsely pilosulous on the upper surface (more densely so on the midrib), 50 B-H YEO Lv OuGn teh Vol. h, nosed rather densely yellow-puberulous beneath, especially on the midrib, the apiculum densely yellowish-puberulent; inflores- cence apparently axillary, surpassing the subtending leaves, possibly aggregated in a dense terminal cluster, each cyme ap- parently 3-flowered, borne on a stout medullose peduncle which is 3--5 cm. long and densely yellowish-short-pubescent, the 3 branches 1 cm. long, the pedicels about 1 cm. long, exactly similar to the inflorescence-branches in texture, color, and pubescence; calyx tubular-campanulate, 13-15 mm. long, 6--8 mm. wide, nigrescent, densely puberulent-pilose, its rim 5- lobed, the lobes ovate, )--5 mm. long, gradually attenuate to the apex. The type was collected by H. A. B. Bttnnemeijer (no. 2)1h) on Lepar, near Banka, Molucca Islands, on December 12, 1917, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. Bakhuizen van den Brink, in his revision of the group in 1920, annotated this specimen as C, lanuginosum Blume, from which it differs widely. In fact, with the material so fragmentary it is difficult to be certain of the taxonomic cisposition of the plant. It is to be hoped that a new expedition to this island may bring forth more complete material. CLERODENDRUM LEPRIEURI Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramulis gracilibus obscure tetragonis dense ferru- gineo- vel fulvo-villosis; petiolis dense ferrugineo-villosis; laminis tenuiter chartaceis ovato-ellipticis acuminatis integ- ris, ad basin rotundatis vel cordatis, supra parciuscule longe- que pilosis, subtus densissime ferrugineo-tomentosis. Shrubby; branchlets slender, very obscurely tetragonal, densely villous with ferruginous or fulvous hairs, more dense- ly so on the younger parts; principal internodes 1.8-—-3.5 cm. long; nodes not annulate; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles medium-slender, densely ferruginous-villous, 3--10 mm. long, borne on stiff spine-like sterigmata 2--6 mm. long; blades thin-chartaceous, bright-sreen above, lighter beneath, ovate- elliptic, 3--8 cm. long, 2—-l.3 cm. wide, acuminate at the a- pex, entire, rounded or cordate at the base, rather sparsely long=-pilose above, very densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath; midrib slender, flat or subimpressed above, prominulous be- neath; secondaries slender, 6--3 per side, arcuate-ascending, flat or subimpressed above, prominulous beneath, anastomosing near the margins; veinlet reticulation rather abundant, obscure above, hidden by the tomentum beneath; inflorescence terminal, capitate or subcapitate, densely many-flowered, about 2 cm. long and 2--3 cm. wide; peduncles and inflorescence-branches abbreviated, densely ferruginous-villous; pedicels 1 mm, long or obsolete, ferruginous-villous; bractlets linear or filiforn, 5 mm. long or longer, villous; calyx campanulate, about 3 mn. long, nigrescent, sparsely villous, its rim with elongate- Ss 4 tela 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 51 filiform lobes about 3 mm. long, villous; corolla about 1 cn. long, its limb about 5 mn, wide. The type of this species was collected by F. R. Leprieur in Gambia in about 1330, and is deposited in the herbariwn of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stockholn. CLERODENDRUM LONGIFLORUM var. PUBESCENS lMoldenke, nom. nov. Clerodendron longituba Valet., Bull. Dep. Agric. Indes Neerl. 10: 52. 1907 [not Clerodendron longitubum De Wild. & Th. Dur., Compt. Rend. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 39: 7h. 1900]. CLERODENDRUM MYRICOIDES var. CHARTACEUM Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit laninis folio- rum parvioribus plerumque 1.5--5 cm. longis et 1--2.5 cm. lat- is, subtus in venis majoribus floccoso-tomentellis, chartaceis et firmioribus, marginibus saepe subrevolutis, cymis pauciflor- is sed in axillis syverioribus numerosissimis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades smaller, mostly 1.5--5 cm. long and 1-- 2.5 cm. wide, floccose-tomentellous on the larger venation be- neath, chartaceous and in general firmer in texture, with the margins often subrevolute, and the cymes few-flowered but very abundant in the upper axils of numerous twigs and branchlets. The type of the variety was collected by Edgar Alexander Mearns (no. 1101) in the vicinity of Thika, Uganda, at an alti- tude of about 1350 m., on September 6 or 7, 1909, and is depos- ited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. CLERODENDRUM PHYLLOMEGA var. MYRMECOPHILUM (Rid1.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Clerodendron myrmecophila Ridl., Journ. Bot. 33: 42. 1395. CLERODENDRUM SERRATUM var. AMPLEXIFOLIUM lMoldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis sessilibus, ad basin plusminusve amplexicaulibus, saepe ternatis recedit. This variety differs from the t:;pical form of the species in having its leaves sessile, more or less amplexicaul-clasping at the base, anc often ternate. The type of this variety was collected by Augustine Eenry (no. 10077a) at Mengtse, Yttnnan, China, and is deposited in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. The flowers are de- scribed as white by the collector, blooming at the end of Aug- ust. The bracts at the base of the inflorescence-branches are often much enlarged and the panicle-branches much elongated and large-bracted. The collector records the common name "ma-to-lo!! CLERODENDRUM SPECIOSISSIMUM f. ALBUM Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in 52 PSR Ero ONG ubek Vole hy neaez having its corollas white. The type of the form was collected by Reinier Cornelis Bak-— huizen van den Brink, Jr. (no. 3608) in the "wildernis" at Buitenzorg, Batavia, Java, at an altitude of 250 m., on March 15, 1925, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Bui- tenzorg. CLERODENDRUM SUMATRANUM Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor vel frutex; ramis ramulisque gracilibus densiuscule brunneo-pubescentibus glabrescentibus obtuse tetragonis sulca- tis; petiolis gracillimis dense brunneo-pubescemtibus; laminis tenuissime membranaceis fragilibus elliptico-obovatis vel ell- ipticis acuminatis integris, ad basin acutis, utrinque dense puberulis; inflorescentiis terminalibus ubique dense breviter- que puberulis vel breviter pubescentibus. Tree or shrub; branches and branchlets slender, rather densely pubescent with broymish hair, glabrescent in age, ob- tusely tetragonal, mostly sulcate between the angles; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 3--13 cm. long; leaves de- cussate-opposite; petioles very slender, 1--3 cm. long, densely brown-pubescent; blades very thin-membranous, fragile, often brumnescent in drying, elliptic-obovate or elliptic, 10--23 cm. long, ).5--7 cm. wide, entire, acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, densely puberulent on both surfaces; midrib rather slender, flat above, prominent beneath; secondaries very slen- der, 4--6 per side, arcuate-ascending, rather irregular; ter- tiaries rather conspicuous beneath but not prominent; veinlets sparse, irregular, flat on both surfaces; inflorescence termin- al, composed of 7--9 cymes, densely brown-puberulent or short-— pubescent throughout;peduncles obtusely tetragonal and sulcate like the -ranchlets, 3--5 cm. long, densely brown-pubescent; sympodia 1.5--3.5 cm. long, similar in alt respects to the pe- duncle; bracts foliaceous, elliptic, 1.5--10 cx. long, 0.5--2.) cm, wide, stipitate, resembling the leaves in all respects but smaller, sometimes considerably reduced, a pair beneath each vair of cymes; pedicels filiform, 5--13 mm. long, densely spreading-pnubescent or villous with brown many-celled hairs; calyx campanulate, densely brown-pubescent or villosulous with many-celled hairs like the vedicels, 5-fid almost to the base, the segments narrow-lanceolate, 7--3 mm. long, usually less than 1 mm. wide, attenuate at the anex; corolla hypocrateri- form, white, the tube very narrowly cylindric, 1.7--2 cm. long, densely spreading-villous on the outside like the calyx, its limb 5-fid, the seements oblanceolate, about 7 mm. long, 1.6--2 mm. wide, obtuse at the apex, censely spreadins-villous on the back; stamens usually exserted about 6 mm. from the corolla- mouth, glabrous; anthers elliptic, about 2 mm. long, opening by longitudinal slits; pistil exserted about 1 cm. from the corol- la-mouth, glabrous. 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 53 The type of this species was collected by Cornelia Nicolaas Abraham de Voogd (no. 595) at Kepahiang, Benkoelen Reservation, Sumatra, on February 26, 1931, and is deposited in the Herbar- ium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. FARADAYA DIMORPHA var. CAULIFLORA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei inflorescentiis cauli- floris recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in havings its inflorescences cauliflorous rather than terminal and axillary. The type of the variety was collected by Leonard John Brass (no. 7427) at Oroville Camp, 30 miles above D'Albertis Junction on the Fly River, Papua, in August, 1936, and is deposited in the Rijksherbarium at Leiden. ‘the collector describes the plant as a large canopy liana with white malodorous flowers. FARADAYA NEO-EBUDICA var. DEGENERI lioldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit pedunculis ramisque inflorescentiae pedicellisque calyceque ¢glaberrimis et laminis foliorum regulariter angusto-ellipticis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its peduncles, inflorescence-branches, pedicels, and calyx completely glabrous and its leaf-blades more regularly narrow-elliptic. The type of the variety was collected by Otto Degener and Emilio Ordonez (no. 13762) in the forest at an altitude of 30-- 380 m. at the Suva Pumping Station, Naitasiri province, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, on December 15, 190, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. FARADAYA NEO-EBUDICA var. PUBERULENTA (iioldenke) ioldenke, comb. nov. Faradaya vitiensis var. puberulenta lioldenke, Phytologia 3: FARADAYA OVALIFOLIA var. GLABRA lioldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit pedunculis ram- isque inflorescentiae pedicellisque calyceque glaberrimis, tubis corollae crassis ca. 6 cm. longis et 3--l mm, latis, limbo corollae 2.5 cm. lato, et laminis foliorum angusto- ellipticis firmioribus. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its peduncles, inflorescence-branches, pedicels, and calyx completely glabrous, the corolla-tube heavy-textured, a- bout 6 cm. long and 3--); mm, wide, the corolla-limb 2.5 cm. wide, and the leaf-blades more narrowly elliptic and firmer in texture. The type of this variety was collected by John Wynn Gilles- 5h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 1 pie (no. 3513) in the vicinity of Nasinu, at an altitude of 150 m., nine miles from Suva, Naitasiri province, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, on October 2, 1927, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. FARADAYA SALOMONENSIS (Bakh.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Faradaya amicorum var. salomonensis Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 16: 71—72. 1935. GMELINA MISOOLENSIS Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor; ramis ramulisque crassiusculis glabratis; petiolis graciusculis glabris nigrescentibus; foliis coriaceis utrinque pernitidis ellipticis integris rotundatis vel obtusis saepe subrevolutis, ad basin acuminatis, utrinque glaberrimis;inflor- escentiis racemoso-paniculatis ubique brunnescentibus vel nig- rescentibus glabris. Tree to 12 m. tall; trunk to 12 cm. in diameter; branches and branchlets rather stout, glabrate, often white- or gray- flecked; principal internodes 1--7 cm. long; nodes not annu- late; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles rather slender, nig- rescent in drying, 1.5--2.5 cm. long, glabrous, flattened a- bove; blades coriaceous, bright-green and very shiny on both surfaces, elliptic, 5.5--12 cm. long, 3--6 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex, entire, often somewhat revolute in dry- ing, acuminate at the base, very smooth on both surfaces; mid- rib ratner coarse, flat above, very prominent beneath; second- aries very slender, --6 per side, arcuate-ascending, anasto- mosing in many loops several mm. from the margins beneath, flat above, prominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation sparse, flat above, very slicshtly subprominulous beneath on the larger parts only; inflorescence racemose-paniculate, terminating short ax- illary twigs, 9--18 cm. long, 2--3 cm. wide, brunnescent or nigrescent throighout in drying; peduncles slender, 2--3.5 cm. long, glabrous; rachis similar to the peduncle, greatly elonga- ted, composed of 5--10 sympodia, strict, glabrous; pedicels very slender, about 2 mm. long, glabrous; flowers not seen; fruiting-calyx campanulate, about 3 mm. long and 5 mn. wide, nigrescent, glabrous, truncate, split to the base into 2 sub- equal truncate quadrate lobes when mature; fruit drupaceous, obovate, green when young, red when ripe, about 12 mm. long and 6 mm. wide (when immature). The type of this very distinct species was collected by Didit Rudolf Pleyte at Fakal, Misool Island, near New Guinea, on September 30, 1948, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogor- iense at Buitenzorg. GMELINA PALAWENSIS var. NOVOGUINEENSIS lioldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit laminis folior- um firme coriaceis ellipticis, ad basin rotundatis et glandis 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 55 maximis orchidaceis ornatis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades firmly coriaceous, elliptic, rounded at the base, and marked at the very base with two very large and prominent orchidaceous glands. The type of this variety was collected at Morobe, liorobe district, Northeastern New Guinea, and is number N.G.F. 2922 of the Herbarium of the Department of Forests, Lae, New Guinea, deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. HYACINTHUS ORIENTALIS f. PLENIFLORUS Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei floribus plenis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having "doubled" flowers. The type of the form was collected by H. N. Moldenke (no. 3131) from cultivated material at ‘iatchung, Somerset Co., New Jersey, on Narch 30, 1927, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. CNIDOSCOLUS TEPIQUENSIS (Costantin & Gallaud) Moldenke, comb. nov. Jatropha tepiquensis Costantin % Gallaud, Rev. Gén. de Bot. 18: 391. 1906. LANTANA LEPRIEURI Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramulis gracilibus obtuse tetrasonis apicem versus parce hirsutulis, pilis interdum glanculiferis; foliis parvis; petiolis cracilibus hispiculo-pubescentibus; laminis chartace- is rigidis perfragilibus ovatis acutis vel obtusis regulariter serratis, ad basin acutis vel acuminatis, supra breviter his- pidulis (pilis ad basin bulbosis), subtus plusminusve dense puberulo-pilosis. Shrub; branchlets slender, obtusely tetragonal, sparsely hirsutulous toward the apex, glabrescent in age, the younger portions also with very short gland-tipped hairs interspersed among the longer sharp-pointed ones; principal internodes 1.5-- cm. long; nodes annulate; leaves decussate-opposite, small; petioles very slender, 2--5 mm. long, hispidulous-pubescent; blades chartaceous, stiff, very brittle, gray-creen, ovate, 1.5 --2.7 cm. long, 1.2--2 cm. wide, acute or obtuse at the apex, regularly serrate, acute or acuminate at the base, short—his- pidulous above with bulbous-based hairs, more or less densely puberulent-pilose beneath; micrib slender, impressed above, prominulous beneath; secondaries very slender, impressed above, prominulous beneath, about 5 per side, arcuate-ascending, not anastomosing, not entering the teeth, usually bifurcate at the end and each branch ending in a sinus; veinlet reticulation very abundant and conspicuous, impressed above, prominent be- neath; inflorescence axillary, opposite, solitary in each axil, 56 P eX ohsO L056 Dak Vol. h, no. 1 shorter than or subequaling the subtending leaf, about 2 cm. long; peduncles slender, 11--12 mm. long when mature, pilose; flowers not seen. The tyne of this species was collected by F. R. Leprieur from cultivated material in Senegal in 1330 and is deposited in the Reichenbach filius herbarium (sheet no. 127800) at the Naturhistorisches lizmseum in Vienna. LATHYRUS ODORATUS f. PLENIFLORUS }foldenke, f. nov. Eaec forma a forma tynica speciei corollis plenis recedcit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its corollas "doubled". The type of the form was collected by H. N. Moldenke (no. 1h5),0) in greenhouse cultivation at the Pronx, Bronx Co., New York, on May 1, 1943, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. LIPPIA CONTROVERSA var. BREVIPEDUNCULATA Iioldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pedunculis usque ad 1 em. longis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the peduncles under mature heads only 1 cm. long or less. The tyve of the variety was collected by Edward Johnston Alexander (no. 192) on a riverbank at Nizanda, Oaxaca, Mexico, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Bot- anical Garden, PAEPALANTHUS PUNGENS var. BREVIFOLIUS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit foliis 1-- em. longis in statu juvenili densissime villosis et pedunculis 6--8 cm. longis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves only 1--l; cm. long and very densely villous when young and the peduncles only 6--8 cm. long. The type of the variety was collected by Erik Leonard Ekman (no. 2341, in part) in "charrasco" near Rio Piloto, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, Cuba, on July 30, 1914, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stockholm. PHYLA LANCEOLATA f. AHLESII Moldenke, f. nov. Eaec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis et bracteo- lis viridibus recedit. This form differs from the tysical form of the species in having white (not pink) corollas and green (not purple) bract- lets. The type of the form was collected by Harry E. Ahles (no. 2560) in a pasture four miles south of Beaverville, Iroquois Co., Illinois, on August 5, 1950, and is deposited in the her- 1952 oldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 57 barium of the University of Illinois at Urbana. The collector states that approximately fifty percent of the material of this species at this locality was of this form, but he has not seen it anywhere else in his considerable collecting experience. TEIJSMANNIODENDRON HOLOPHYLLUM var. PUBESCENS loldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica soeciei recedit foliis subtus densiuscule ferrugineo-pubescentibus. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the lower leaf-surfaces rather densely ferruginous- pubescent, especially on the larger venation; the leaf-blades, also, seem to be more conspicuously bullate. The type of the variety was collected by C. J. van der Zwaan (no. 609) at berouw, Borneo, on October 25, 1927, and is depos- ited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. TEIJSMANNIODENDRON SIMPLICIFOLIUM var. KOSTERMANSI lMoldenke, var, nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei petiolis et apicibus ramulorum dense ferrugineo-hirsutis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its petioles and the tips of the branchlets densely ferruginous-hirsute, the hairs eventually wearing off. The type of the variety was collected by C. J. van der Zwaan (no. 107) at Berouw Betemoean, southeastern Borneo, on May 28, 193h, anc is deposited in the Herbarium Pogoriense at Buiten- zorg. Dr. Kostermans in Reinwardtia 1: 96 (1951) suggested that this plant might represent even a new species related to T. simplicifoliun. e TEIJSMANNIODENDRON KOSTERMANSI Holdenke, sp. nov. Arbor; ramulis gracilibus ferrugineo-pubescentibus glabres- centibus; nodis tumidis annulatis valde articulatis; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolis ferrugineo-pubescentibus, supra valde canaliculatis; petiolulis crassis ferrugineo-pubescentibus, ad basin ampliatis, supra canaliculatis; laminis subcoriaceis obo- vato-oblongis breviter acuminatis integris, ad basin acutis vel cuneatis, supra glabris, subtus dense ferrugineo—pubescentibus. Tree; branchlets slender, rusty-pubescent when young, glab- rescent in age; dead bark smooth, gray, 0.5 mm, thick; living bark 7 mm. thick, yellow in cross-section; sapwood white; heartwood lacking; principal internodes 6--10 cm. long; nodes swollen, annulate, very distinctly articulated; leaves 3-folio- late; petioles medium-stoutish, 3-—-5.5 cm. long, rusty-pubes- cent, deeply canaliculate above; petiolules stout, 1--2 cm. long, rusty-pubescent, widened at the base, canaliculate above; leaflets subcoriaceous, light-green on both surfaces, obovate- oblong, 8--20 cm. long, 3--10 cm. wide, short-acuminate at the 58 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, nos 2 apex (the acumination itself obtuse), entire, acute or cuneate at the base, smooth and dull gray above in drying, very dense- ly pubescent beneath with rust-colored hairs; midrib flat above and strongly prominent beneath; secondaries slender, --7 per side, flat and obscure above, prominent beneath, arcuate- ascending, not anastomosing; veinlet reticulation indiscernible above, the larger portions prominulous beneath, abundant; flowers and fruit unknomm, The type of this species was collected by Lot Obi (no. 75) near Matara Djatin, at an altitude of 100 m., Puruktjatf subdiv- ision, southern Borneo, on October 20, 1926, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. TEIJSMANNIODENDRON UNIFOLIOLATUM (lierr.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Vitex unifoliolata Merr., Philipp. Journ. Sci. 20: )38--l39. 1922. VERBENA CLAVATA var. CASMENSIS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis plerumque in siccitate nigrescentibus ca. 3 mm. latis duntaxat leviter rev- olutis, pilis utrinque brevibus irregulariter patentibus con- tortis, recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves mostly nigrescent in drying, about 3 mm. wide, with short irregularly spreading and twisted hairs on both surfaces, only very slightly revolute. The type of the variety was collected by Ramon Ferreyra (no. 8031) on a sandy hillside at Lomas de Casma, province of Santa, Ancash, at an altitude of 250--300 m., Peru, on September 9, 1950, and is deposited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. It is described by the collector as suffrutes— cent, with fragrant lilac flowers. Its leaves resemble those of V. trifida H.B.K. in width and color, but the spreading, rather than closely appressed, pubescence distinguishes our plant from this species and from the typical form of V. clavata at once. VITEX AGELAEIFOLIA var. RUFULA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit petiolis petio- lulisque pedunculisque rhachideque inflorescentiae pedicellis- que bracteolisque densiuscule rufo-puberulis vel breviter pub- escentibus, pilis multicellulosis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its petioles, petiolules, peduncles, inflorescence- rachis, pedicels, and bractlets rather densely rufous—puberu- lent or short-pubescent with wide-spreading many-celled hairs. The type of the variety was collected by Overlaet (no. 1263) in the gallery forest at Kapanga, Belgian Congo, in March, 193h, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de l'Etat at Brussels. 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 59 VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS var. PSEUDO-NEGUNDO f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma tyoica speciei et varietatis corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the variety and species in having white corollas. The type of the form was collected by John Edward Dinsmore (no. 172f) near water at Jesr-ul-Ghajir, at an altitude of 160 m., Dead Sea, Israel, on September 2, 1921, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stock- holm. VITEX ALTMANNI Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor vel frutex; ramis crassiusculis griseis obtuse tetrag- onis minute puberulis deinde ¢clabrescentibus; sarmentis graci- usculis puberulis; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolis gracilibus compressis nigrescentibus puberulis; foliolis sessilibus brun- nescentibus ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis supra glabris, subtus parce pilosulis, rotundatis vel breviter acuminatis. Tree or shrub; branches rather stout, gray, obtusely tetrag- onal, sometimes sulcate, minutely puberulous on the younger parts and at the nodes, glabrescent in age; twigs much more slender, puberulent; nodes annulate; principal internodes 1.5-- 13 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite, trifoliolate; petioles slender, 1.5--5 cm. long, compressed, nigrescent in drying, puberulous; leaflets 3, chartaceous, sessile or practically so, dark-green above, lighter beneath, brunnescent in drying, el- liptic or obovate-elliptic, glabrous above, sparsely pilosu- lous beneath, more censely so along the midrib and larger vena- tion, rounded or abruptly short-acuminate at the apex’ in cuspi- date fashion, the central one 6.5--12.5 em. long, 3.5--6.5 cm. wide, sometimes with a puberulent petiolule 1--2 mm. long, the lateral ones often very much smaller; midrib slender, flat a- bove, prominulous beneath; secondaries slender, 7--10 per side, rather close and uniform, ascending, arcuate only toward the margins, flat above, prominulous beneath, anastomosing in loops near the margins; veinlet reticulation very abundant, mostly rather conspicuous and slightly subprominulous above (on mature leaves) and beneath; flowers and fruit not seen. The typeiof this species was collected by Hendrik Altmann (no. 577) at Cheribon, Java, on December 8, 190, and is depos- ited in the Herbarium Bo:oriense at Fuitenzorg. The ieaves re- minc one somewhat of some forms of V. pinnata L. VITEX BUDDINGII loldenke, sp. nov. Arbor; ramulis tetragonis nigrescentibus densiuscule fulvo- tomentellis; foliis 5-foliolatis; petiolis dense cinereo- vel fulvo-puterulis; petiolulis densiuscule puberulis; laminis immaturis membranaceis nigrescentibus angusie ellipticis plus- 60 PHY TOLO@D as Vol... h,, osed minusve crenulatis, ad avicem basinquve acutis, utrinque dense lepidotis, supra glabrescentibus, subtus plusminusve puberulis; inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis ubique densiusciule fulvo-tomentellis. Tree, 25--28 m. tall, 16--21 m. to the lowest branch; trunk diameter at breast heizht )5--50 em., at first branch 31--35 em.; branchlets tetragonal, nigrescent in drying, rather dense- ly fulvous-tomentsllous; principal internodes apparently abbre- viated; nodes annulate; leaves decussate-opposite, 5-foliolate in palmate fashion; petioles slender or stout, often collapsinz and flattened in drying, 7.5--13 cm. long (immature), densely puberulent with cinereous or fulvous hair; petiolules slender, 2--7 mm. long (immature), rather densely puberulent; immature blades membranous, nigrescent in drying, somewhat lighter be- neath, narrow-elliptic, approximately equal in size, .5--7 em. long, 1.5--2.1 cm. wide, more or less crenulate-margined, acute at the apex and base, densely lepidote on both surfaces, more or less puberulent beneath, especially on the larger ven- ation, glabrescent above; midrib slender, prominent beneath; secondaries very slender, numerous, close together, 15--13 per side, divergent-ascending, not arcuate, not anastomosing, pro- minulous beneath, indiscernible above; veinlet reticulation indiscernidle on both surfaces; inflorescence terminal, panic- ulate, rather densely fulvous-tomentellous throughout, densely many-flowered, apparently to about 15 cm. long and l; cm. wide; peduncles to about 3 cm. long, puberulent with fulvous hairs, nizrescent; sympodia and inflorescence-branches densely fulv- ous-tomentellous, often compressed; bractlets lanceolate, 1--3 mn. long, often recurved, glabrate and nigrescent above, dense- ly fulvous-tomentellous beneath, densely ciliate-margined; ped- icels slender, about 1 mm. long, densely fulvous—tomentellous; calyx campanulate, about 2 mm. long, densely fulvous-tomentel- lous, its rim h-apiculate; corolla and fruit not seen. The type of this species was collected by L. F. Ch. Budding (no. 227) -- in whose honor it is named -- at Melawi, western Borneo, at an altitude of 180 m., on March 3, 1939, and is de- posited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. The species is apparently related to V. urceolata C. B. Clarke and V. erio- clona H. J. Lam, as is obvious from the type of inflorescence. VITEX DUBOISII loldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis gracillimis medullosis minutissime pilosulis vel glabrescentibus nigrescentibus; petiolis cracillimis glab- ris; foliolis 5 membranaceis utrinque ¢labris vel subglabris oblanceolatis longe acuminatis integris, ad basin attenuato- cuneatis; petiolulis subfiliformibus glabris; inflorescentiis supra-axillaribus cymosis; peduncyvlis filiformibus sparsissime pilosulis vel glabrescentibus compressis nigrescentibus. Shrub; branches very slender, medullose, very minutely pil- 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 61 osulous or glabrescent, nigrescent in drying, compressed at the nodes on young parts; nodes not annulate; principal internodes h--7.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite, palmately compound; petiole very slender, ).5--llem. long, glabrous; petiolules subfiliform, 1--6 mn. long, glabrous; leaflets 5, membranous, often very thinly so, rather uniformly green on both surfaces or somewhat lighter beneath, glabrous or subglabrous on both surfaces, the 2 basal ones much smaller than the rest, the cen- tral one oblanceolate, 7.5--13 cm. long, 2.5--l cm. wide, long- acuminate at the apex, attenuate-cuneate at the base, entire; midrib very slender, flat above, prominulous beneath; secondar- ies filiform, 6 or 7 per side, arcuate-ascending, plainly anas- tomosing 1--1.5 mm. from the margins, flat above, prominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation very irregular and fine, obscure or indiscernible above, flat beneath; inflorescence supra- axillary, very much shorter than the subtending petiole, cym- ose; peduncles filiform, 10--17 mm. long, very sparsely pilos- ulous or glabrescent, compressed, nigrescent in drying; cymes rather dense, small, many-flowered, their filiform branches compressed and minutely pilosulous or glabrescent; bractlets filiform, 4--5 mm. long; pedicels very short, to 1 mm. long, strigillose; calyx campanulate, about 2 mm, long and wide, strigillose, its rim subtruncate in bud, during anthesis deep- ly 5-toothed, the teeth lanceolate, about 1 mm. long; corolla densely pubescent on the outside, less than 1 cm. long. The type of this species was collected by L. Dubois (no. 608) at Bo. Kutu, Ekota territory, Tshuapa district, Belgian Congo, in September, 193, and is deposited in the herbariim of the Jardin Botanique de 1'rtat at Brussels. A common name for the plant is "liseta", VITEX GLABRATA var. POILANEI Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliolorum subtus valde strigillosis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the lower surface of its leaflet-blades decidedly strig- illose even when mature. The type of the variety was collected by Eugéne Poilane (no. 40829) near Bien Loa, Cochinchina, French Indochina, on Lay 25, 1919, and is Geeeeited in the Herberiien Bogoriense AN Buiten- zorg. VITEX IRAQUENSIS ioldenke, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor; ramis gracilibus fistulosis ubique glab- ris; petiolis gracilibus glabris canaliculatis; foliolis 3--7 membranaceis utrinque clabris oblanceolatis breviter acuminatis vel cuspidatis integris, ad basin longe attenuatis vel cuneatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus cymosis; pedunculis glabris; cymis laxissime bifurcatis paucifloris ubique ¢labris. 62 Pol Yo OomOG DA Vol. h, no. 1 Shrub or tree; branches slender, fistulose, glabrous or practically so throughout, the younger parts compressed and brunnescent in drying; nodes annulate; principal internodes 3.3--8 cm, long or longer; leaves decussate-opposite, palmately compound, with 3—7 leaflets; petioles slender, 3.5--15.5 cm. long, glabrous, canaliculate, club-shaped at the apex; leaflets membranous, dark-green above, lighter green beneath, varying in size from largest central one to smallest basal ones, glabrous on both surfaces, the central one oblanceolate, 6--1) cm. long, short-acuminate or cuspidate at the apex, entire, long-attenua- te or cuneate at the base, borne on a glabrous petiolule 1--2 em, long; lateral leaflets smaller and borne on shorter petio- lules; midrib very slender, often undate in drying, flat above, very prominent beneath; secondaries very slender, 6--10 per side, arcuate-spreading, not anastomosing, flat above, prominu- lous beneath; veinlet reticulation rather sparse and inconspic-— uous on both surfaces; inflorescence axillary, cymose, much shorter than the subtending mature petioles; peduncles slender, compressed, l--5 cm. long, nigrescent, glabrous; cymes very loosely bifurcate, rather few-flowered, completely glabrous throughout, nigrescent; bractlets linear, 2--3 mm. long, glab- rous; pedicels slender, 1--2 mm. long; calyx campanulate, about 2 mm. long and wide, glabrous, nigrescent, the margin subtrun- cate, minutely 5-apiculate; corolla zygomorphic, pilosulous outside, its tube sharply curvate or genuflexuous, ahout 5 m. long, the lobes small. The type of this species was collected by Yusuf Lazar near Bagdad, Iraq, in July, 1918, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. VITEX LEBRUNI Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis atrobrunneis cinereo-pilosulis; petiolis minu- te strigillosis glabrescentibus anguste canaliculatis; foliolis 3 vel 5 sessilibus vel subsessilibus utrinque glabris anguste ellipticis acuminatis integris, ad basin acutis vel cuneatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus cymosis paucifloris ubique strigil- losis; pedunculis filiformibus; bracteolis filiformibus. Shrub, about 5 m, tall; branches slender, dark-brown, ciner- eous-pilosulous on the younger parts; nodes not annulate; prin- cipal internodes very variable, 1—7.5 cm. long; leaves palm- ately compound, decussate-opposite; petioles very slender or medium-stout, f,--8.5 cm. long, minutely strigillose, glabres- cent in age, narrowly canaliculate above, somewhat ampliate or club-shaped at the apex; leaflets 3 or 5, sessile or subsessile, glabrous on both surfaces, uniformly dark-green on both surf- aces or somewhat lighter beneath, the central one somewhat larger than the rest, narrow-elliptic, 8--13 cm. long, 1.3--3.3 cm, wide, acuminate at the apex, entire, acute or cuneate at the base; midrib slender, flat above, prominulous beneath; sec- 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 63 ondaries filiform, about 5 per side, distant, arcuate-ascend- ing or spreading, anastomosing near the margins, flat or ob- scure above, prominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation very sparse, plane or obscure above; inflorescence axillary, shorter than the subtending petiole, cymose, few-flowered, strigillose throughout; peduncle filiform, about 1 cm. long; bractlets fil- iiorm, about 3 mn. long; pedicels 1--1.5 mm. long, strigillose; calyx campanulate, about 2 mm. long and wide, strigillose, its rim subtruncate, short-denticulate; corolla rose-ochraceous, very densely strigose-pubescent outside, about 1 cm. long; fruit oblong, ow-orange, shiny. The type of this species was collected by Jean Lebrun (no. 5303) -- in whose honor it is named -- in a forest at 1282 m. altitude between Walikole and Koleke, Belgian Congo, in larch, 1932, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de 1'Etat at Brussels. VITEX MADIENSIS var. GLABERRIMA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis glaberrimis re- cedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves, as well as all other parts, completely glab- rous. The type of the variety was collected by Pittery (no. 819) in the neighborhood of Bambesa, Belrian Congo, in 1936, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de l'Etat at Brussels. VITEX SCANDENS Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex scandens; ramulis graciusculis rotundatis multistria- tis glabris; petiolis gracilibus glabrus; foliolis 5 sessili- bus membranaceis ellipticis utrinque clabris breviter acumina- tis integris, ad basin acuminate attenuatis; inflorescentiis subterminalibus paniculatis; pedunculis glabris. Liana; branchlets rather slender, round in cross-section, many-striate, glabrous; nodes not annulate; principal inter- nodes 2--) cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite, 5-foliolate; petioles slender, 6--10 cm. long, glabrous; leaflets sessile, membranous, dark-green above, lighter beneath, elliptic, glab- rous on both surfaces, short-acuminate at the apex, entire, a- cuminately attenuate at the base, the central ones 11--15 cm. long and ).3--5.6 cm. wide, the lateral ones slightly smaller; midrib slender, flat above, prominent beneath; secondaries fil- iform, 11--15 per side, flat above, subprominulous beneath, widely spreading, arcuate only near the margins, not anastomos- ing; veinlet reticulation mostly indiscernible above, the larg- er parts somewhat subprominulous beneath in drying; inflores- cence apparently subterminal, paniculate, about 15 cm. long and lh cm. wide; peduncle slender, similar to the branchlets in col- 6h, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 1 or and texture, about 5 cm. long; sympodia similar, several, e- longate to cm. at base, glabrous, striate, nigrescent; pan- icle-branches very slender, 1.5--2.7 cm. long, glabrous or very minutelypplverulent, cymosely branched; pedicels filiform, a- bout 2 mn. long, minutely pulverulent-lepidote; bractlets lin- ear, about 1 mm. long, lepidote; calyx campanulate, about 3 mn. long and wide, glabrous or minutely scattered-lepidote, nigres— cent in drying, its rim deeply -toothed; corolla rose, about 1 em. long in bud, densely incarloud—pubervlent on the outside; fruit not seen. The type of this remarkable species with such a decided bignoniaceous aspect was collected by Willem Marius Docters van Leeuwen-Rei jnvaan (no. 10703) at Expedition Bivouac in the Nas- sau Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, in October, 1926, and is de- posited in the Herbarium Bozoriense at Buitenzore. VITEX VENULOSA loldenke, sp. nov. Arbor; ramis crassis medullosis valde tetragonis dense ad- presso-tonentellis, pilis ochraceis; petiolis elongatis crass- is densissime adpresso-tomentellis; foliolis 5 firme chartace- is nigrescentibus supra glabrescentibus subtus densissime ochraceo-tomentellis ellipticis vel late ellipticis acutis vel breviter acuminatis integris, ad basin acutis vel rotundatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus cymosis dense ochraceo-puberwulis. Tree; branches heavy, medullose, very decidedly tetragonal, densely appressed—-tomentellous with ochraceous hairs, often somewhat ampliate and more compressed at the nodes; nodes ann- ulate; principal internodes 2--6 cm. long; leaves decussate- opposite, palmately compound, composed of 5 leaflets; petioles elongate, stout when mature, 5.5--18 cm. long, very densely ap- pressed-tomentellous or puberulent with ochraceous hairs, club- like at the apex; leaflets rather firmly chartaceous, bright- green above, nigrescent in drying, lighter beneath, microscop- ically puberulous or glabrescent above, very densely tomentel- lous with cinereous-ochraceous hairs beneath, elliptic or broad-elliptic, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, entire, acute or rounded at the base, rarely subacuminate, the central one 7--18 cm. long, 3.3--7.5 cm. wide, the basal ones much smaller; petiolules stout, )--15 mm. long, densely puberulent; midrib rather stout, flat above, very prominent beneath; sec- ondaries very numerous and close, 17--20 per side, spreading- ascending, parallel, not arcuate except at the very margins where they are incompletely anastomosing, flat above, prominent beneath; veinlet reticulation very abundant, flat and obscure above but very consnvicuous to the smallest parts beneath and decidedly prominulous there, the tertiaries subparallel, at right angles to and connecting the secondaries; inflorescence axillary, cymose, shorter than the subtending leaves; peduncles stout, about the same diameter as the subtending petiole, ).5-- 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 65 11.5 cm. long, densely ochraceous-puberulent; cymes many times bifurcate, the branches wide-spreadcing, loosely or densely many-Zlowered, densely ochraceous-puberulent throughout, the branches rather conspicuously flattened and sulcate, conspicu- ously annulate at the nodes; bractlets linear, 3--15 mm. long, densely puberulent; pedicels very slender, much abbreviated, usually 1 mm. long or less, densely ochraceous- or cinereous-— puberulent or short—pubescent; calyx campanulate, about 2.5 mm. long and wide, densely short-pubescent with antrorse ochraceous hairs, its rim subtruncate, subentire or minutely apiculate; corolla violet, about 8 mm. long, its tube about 5 mn. long, densely short-pubescent with cinereous hairs outside; fruiting- calyx cupuliform, about 5 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, densely short-pubescent with cinereous hairs, truncate and subentire or minutely denticulate; fruit drupaceous, subglobose, about 1 cm. long and wide, glabrous, shiny. The type of this species was collected by Jean Lebrun (no. 5878) in the forest at Lumuna, Belgian Congo, in August, 1932, and is deposited in the erie dont of the Jardin Botenaqas de 1'Etat at Brussels. VITEX VESTITA var. SIAMICA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit foliolis 2.5-- 8 em. longis, 1--3.5 cm. latis, plusminusve serratis, subtus in venis breviter pubescentibus. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaflets only 2.5--8 cm. long and 1--3.5 em. wide at time of anthesis, more or less serrate along the margins, and the short pubescence confined to the venation only beneath. The type of the variety was collected by Kasin (no. 3h6) on a rock at Tripagodas, about 0 km. north of ‘/agka, on the Bur- mese border, Thailand, on May 14, 196, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. THE KNOWN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE VERBEN- ACEAE, AVICENNIACEAE, STILBACEAE, SYMPHOREMACEAE, AND ERIOCAULACEAE. SUPPLEMENT 8 Harold N. Moldenke Since the publication of the previous supplement 11,000 ad- Gitional specimens of these groups have been studied and anno- tated by me. These specimens are deposited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington, the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden, the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buiten- 66 PH PT OP OG PA Vol. kh, nos zorg, the Government Herbarium at Salisbury (Southern Rhodes- ia), and the herbaria of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stockholm, the University of Illinois at Urbana, the Jardin Botanique de 1'Etat at Brussels, the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna, the Melbourne Botanic Garden at South Yarra, the Botanisch hiuseum at Utrecht, and the Rijksherbarium at Leiden. These specimens have brought to light 152 new county or parish records, 20 state, department, or province records, and 626 new country or island records not previously listed. Numerous corrections in orthography, accredition, and validity or non- validity have also had to be made to my original 199 booklet on this subject, a new edition of which will soon be forthcom- ing. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Massachusetts: Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Robinson [Essex County] New Jersey: Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Warren County ] Pennsylvania: x Verbena engelmannii Moldenke [Union County] Maryland: Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Robinson [Baltimore County] Virginia: Eriocaulon decangulare L. [James City County] Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong [King and Queen & South- ampton Counties] North Carolina: Verbena officinalis L. [Buncombe County] Verbena stricta Vent. [Onslow County] South Carolina: Eriocaulon decangulare L. [Berkeley County] Georgia: Clerodendrum bungei Steud. [Glynn County] Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Early & Seminole Counties] Verbena litoralis H.B.K. [Decatur & Glynn Counties] Verbena scabra Vahl [Dougherty & Lee Counties] Florida: Clerodendrum fragrans var. pleniflorum Schau. [Orange County] Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert [Brevard County] Lantana involucrata var. odorata (L.) Moldenke [Monroe Coun- ty Illinois: Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Bureau, Christian, Clay, Clinton, Coles, Crawford, DeKalb, Douglas, Effingham, Fay- ette, Ford, Hardin, Jefferson, Lawrence, Logan, Piatt, 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 67 Pulaski, Richland, Wayne, % Will Counties] Phyla lanceolata f. ahlesii Moldenke [Iroquois County]* Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Alexander, Carroll, DeKalb, Jo Daviess, Lake, Lee, Livingston, Macon, Richland, San- gamon, & Whiteside Counties] Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton [Adams, Champaign, Lawrence, & Vermilion Counties] x Verbena engelmannii lMoldenke [Champaign, Crawford, Hardin, Iroquois, & Vermilion Counties} Verbena hastata L. [Crawford, DeKalb, Douglas, Effinghan, Franklin, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Livingston, Logan, Ogle, Piatt, Stephenson, Union, Wayne, & Whiteside Count- ies] Verbena hastata f. rosea Cheney [Champaign County] x Verbena illicita ifoldenke [Mason, Sangamon, Vermilion, & Whiteside Counties] x Verbena moechina Moldenke [Adams County] Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton [Kankakee County] x Verbena rydbergii Moldenke [Bureau & Vermilion Counties] Verbena simplex Lehm. [Champaign, Christian, Hardin, Marsh- all, Pope, & Putnam Counties] Verbena stricta Vent. [Carroll, Douglas, Jasper, Jo Daviess, Logan, Ogle, Vermilion, Whiteside, & \ioodford Counties] Verbena stricta f. albiflora Wadmond [Sangamon County] Verbena stricta f. roseiflora Benke [Marshall County] Verbena urticifolia L. [Cass, Cumberland, DeKalb, Douglas, Effingham, Fayette, Iroquois, Jefferson, Jo Daviess, Lee, Logan, Piatt, Putnam, Sangamon, Union, Wayne, Whiteside, & Woodford (not "Woodfred") Counties] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [licLean County Indiana: Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Ripley County] Verbena hastata L. [Parke County] Verbena simplex Lehm. [Washinston County] Verbena urticifolia L. [Fountain, Switzerland, & Washington Counties ] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Delaware County ] Iowa: Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton [Story County] » Kentucky: Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [McCracken County] Michigan: Verbena hastata L. [Houghton County] innesota: Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Saint 68 PHY TO LOG: Th Vol. h, no. 1 Louis County] Missouri: Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton [Jasper & Saint Francois Counties ] Arkansas: Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton [Sharp County] Verbena simplex Lehm. [Fulton & Randolph Counties] Verbena stricta Vent. [Marion & Randolph Counties] Wyoming: Verbena stricta Vent. [Laramie County] Texas: Vitex agnus-castus var. caerulea Rehd. [Dallas County] VEXICO: Bouchea prismatica var, longirostra Grenz. [Guerrero] Citharexylum mocinni D. Don [Nayarit] Citharexylum standleyi var. mexicanum Moldenke [Colima] Lantana trifolia L. [Tabasco] Lippia controversa Moldenke [Chiapas] Lippia controversa var. brevipedunculata Moldenke [Oaxaca]* Lippia pinetorum Moldenke -- to be deleted Phyla nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke [Hidalgo] Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Iill.) Vahl [Tabasco] GUATEMALA : Lippia pinetorum lioldenke -- to be deleted COSTA RICA: Negiphila panamensis loldenke [Lim6n] Citharexylum viride Moldenke [Cartago] Vitex cooperi Standl. [Alajuela] CUBA: Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schlecht. [Oriente] Eriocaulon sigmoideum C. Wright -- delete the "x" Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth [Las Villas] Stachytarpheta incana var. angustibracteata Moldenke [Hava] ISLA DE PINOS: Eriocaulon sigmoideum C, Wright FEISPANIOLA: Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) ‘Jalp. [Haiti] Paepalanthus tuerckheimii Ruhl. [Haiti] Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl. [Dominican Republic] ANTIGUA: . Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- to be deleted GUADELOUPE: Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) ‘Walp. Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- to be deleted 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 69 DOMINICA: Clerodencrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- to be deleted MARTINIQUE: Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- to be deleted COLOMBIA: Lantana camara L. [Choc6] Lantana cujabensis Schau. [Nariffo] Lantana maxima Hayek [Cundinamarca, “Nariflo, & Santander] Lantana trifolia f. hirsuta i’oldenke [Tolima] Paepalanthus muscosus ktrn. [Santander] VENEZUELA : Eriocaulon guyanense Ktrn. is the correct orthography Lantana maxima Hayek [Polfvar] Paepalanthus formosus loldenke [Amazonas ]+ Paepalanthus kunhardtii Moldenke [Amazonas] Paepalanthus perplexans var. surdacki Moldenke [Amazonas]* Syngonanthus albopulvinatus lioldenke [Amazonas]: Syngonanthus alleni var. parvus loldenke [Amazonas]* Syngonanthus cowani lioldenke [Amazonas]* Syngonanthus flavipes Moldenke [Amazonas]+* Syngonanthus humboldtii var. elongatus lioldenke [Amazonas]* Syngonanthus hunboldtii var. macrocephalus Moldenke [Amazon- as ]% Syngonanthus humboldtii var. orinocensis Moldenke [Amazonas }+ Syngonanthus phelpsae Noldenke [Amazonas]+* Syngonanthus ohelpsae var. elongatus Moldenke [Amazonas]* Syngonanthus yapacanensis Moldenke [Amazonas]* BRITISH GUIANA: Eriocaulon guyanense Ktrn. is the correct orthography SURINAM: Lantana glutinosa Poepp. Syngonanthus glandulosus Gleason FRENCH GUIANA: Eriocaulon guyanense Ktrn. is the correct orthography ECUADOR: Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. [Bolfvar] PERU: Aloysia virgata var. elliptica (Briq.) Moldenke [Cuzco] Citharexylum herrerae Mansf. [Apurimac] Duranta mutisii L. f. [Apurimac 2: Cuzco] Eriocaulon microcephalum H.B.K. [Huanuco] Lantana fiebrigii "ayek [Ancachs 2: Cuzco] Lantana reptans Hayek [Libertad] 70 PUH.Y T:07L: 0 G1 Vol. 4, no. 1 Lantana trifolia f. oppositifolia Moldenke [San Martfn] Lippia ferruginea H.8.K. [Apurimac] Verbena clavata var. casmensis l’oldenke [Ancachs]* Verbena diffusa Willd. [Ayacucho] Vitex pseudolea Rusby [San Martin] BRAZIL: Aegiphila lanceolata lMoldenke [Guaporé] Rloysia virgata (ruiz & Pav.) A. L. Juss. [Santa Catharina] Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) lMoldenke [Amap4] Eriocaulon angustifolium Ktrn. [Goyaz] Eriocaulon kunthii Ktrn. [Rio Grande do Sul] Eriocaulon magnificum Ruhl. [Rio Grande do Sul] Eriocaulon modestum Kunth [Paran4] Eriocaulon obtusum Ruhl. [Goyaz, Mattogrosso, & Iiinas Ger- aes | Eriocaulon paraguayense Korn, [S8o Paulo] Eriocaulon stramineum Ktrn. [Maranh§%o] Lantana camara var. angustifolia Moldenke [Minas Geraes & Rio de Janeiro] Lantana trifolia f. oppositifolia lioldenke [Par4] Leiothrix argyroderma Ruhl. [Rio de Janeiro] Leiothrix flavescens (Bong.) Ruhl. [Santa Catharina] Lippia Lippia Lippia Lippia microphylla Cham. [Maranh%o] nana Schau. [Goyaz] rotundifolia Cham. [Goyaz] vernonioides Cham. [Maranh%o & Par4] Paepalanthus caldensis Malme [Paran4, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina, & S&o Paulo] Paepalanthus Paepalanthus capillaceus var. proliferus Gleason {Amazonas ] elongatus var. helichrysoides (Kunth) Ruhl. [Rio de Janeiro] Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus Paepalanthus elongatus var. pubescens Alv. Silv. [Goyaz] henriquei Alv. Silv. & Ruhl. [Santa Catharina] lamarckii Kunth [lNattogrosso] macrotrichus Alv. Silv. [Rio de Janeiro] plantagineus (Bong.) Ktrn. [Bahia] polytrichoides Iunth [Amap4] pseudotortilis Ruhl. [Rio de Janeiro] pubescens Ktrn. [S80 Paulo] ruhlandii Alv. Silv. -- to be deleted sessiliflorus Kart. [Maranh4o] standleyi Moldenke -—- to be deleted striatus Ruhl. [lfinas Geraes] subtilis Miq. [Maranh%o] viridis Ktrn. [Pernambuco] 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 71 Petrea bracteata Steud. [Guaporé] Petrea duckei Moldenke [Amap4] Petrea riparia lioldenke [Amap4] Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. [Par4] Syngonanthus cracilis var. amazonicus Ruhl. [Goyaz & Maran- h&o Syngonanthus gracilis var. hirtellus (Steud.) Ruhl. [Maran- hfo] Syngonanthus simplex (Miq.) Ruhl. [Goyaz & Maranh%o] Syngonanthus tricostatus Gleason [Maranh4o] Syngonanthus vaupesanus Moldenke [Goyaz] Vitex polygama var. dusenii Moldenke [Minas Geraes] Vitex triflora Vahl [Amapa] MARAJO ISLAND: Eriocaulon stramineum Korn. BOLIVIA: Lantana aristata var. cabrerae Moldenke [Santa Cruz] Lantana balansae Briq. [Sucre] Verbena cochabambensis loldenke [Sucre] Vitex pseudolea Rusby -- delete the "x! PARAGUAY: Paepalanthus planifolius (Bong.) Korn. ARGENTINA : Aloysia catamarcensis Moldenke [Salta] Aloysia fiebrigii (Ilayek) Moldenke [Jujuy] Aloysia schulziana Moldenke [Jujuy] Aloysia sellowii (Briq.) Moldenke [Tucum4n] Jynellia rosulata koldenke [Santa Cruz] Lantana fiebrigii Hayek [Salta] Verbena chilensis Moldenke [Neuquen] JUGOSLAVIA: Verbena officinalis L. [Bosnia, Dalmatia, & Slovenia] FRENCH WEST AFRICA: Vitex pseudochrysocarpa Pieper [French Soudan] ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN: Clerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv. SENEGAL: Clerodendrum leprieuri Moldenke GAMBIA: Clerodendrum leprieuri Moldenke SIERRA LEONE: Eriocaulon sierraleonense Moldenke — to be deleted LIBERIA: Vitex congolensis De Wild. & Th. Dur. Vitex rufa A. Chev. -- to be deleted IVORY COAST: 72 PE VE Ob AES Vol. h, now 1 Vitex rufa A. Chev. -- add "x" GOLD COAST: Clerodendrum capitatum var. cephalanthum (Oliv.) J.G.Baker NORTHARN NIGERIA: Vitex pseudochrysocarpa Pieper -- delete the "x" CAMEROONS : Vitex doniana var. parvifolia (Engl.) Moldenke -- delete the Vitex grandifolia var. bipindensis (Gttrke) Pieper -—- add "x" Vitex micrantha Gtirke Vitex yaundensis Gtirke —- delete the Vitex zenkeri Gtirke -- delete the "+" SPANISH GUINEA: Vitex agelaeifolia Mildbr. -- delete the "x" SAINT THOLE: Clerodendrum buchanani var, fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- to be deleted BELGIAN CONGO: Clerodendrum caesium Gtirke Clerodendrum capitatum var. cephalanthum (Oliv.) J.G. Baker Clerodendrum discolor var. dtmmeri Thomas Clerodendrum discolor var. kilimandscharense Thomas Clerodendrum discolor var. macrocalyx hioldenke* Clerodendrum discolor var. oppositifolium Thomas Clerodendrum discolor var. plurifiorum GuUrke Clerodendrum discolor var. rubricalyx Moldenke Clerodendrum milne-redheadi Moldenke Clerodendrum myricoides var. chartaceum Moldenke ‘ Clerodendrum myricoides var. grosseserratum Gtirke Clerodendrum prittwitzii Thomas Premna matadiensis var. parvifolia Moldenke -- delete the "#1 Vitex agelaeifolia Mildbr. Vitex doniana var. parvifolia (Engl.) Moldenke Vitex duboisii Moldenke* Vitex ferruginea Schum. & Thonn, Vitex lebruni NMoldenke*x Vitex lokundjensis Pieper Vitex madiensis var. baumii Pieper Vitex madiensis var. glaberrima Noldenke* Vitex oxycuspis J. G. Baker Vitex payos (Lour.) Kerr. Vitex payos var. glabrescens (Pieper) Ioldenke Vitex pseudochrysocarpa Pieper Vitex robynsi De wild. -- delete the "x!" Vitex thyrsiflora J. G. Baker 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 73 Vitex venulosa Moldenke* Vitex yaundensis CGtrke Vitex zenkeri Gtirke UGANDA: Clerodendrum myricoides var. chartaceum HMoldenke TANGANYIKA TERRITORY: Clerodendrum discolor var. crenatum Thomas Clerodendrum discolor var. rubricalyx lioldenke Clerodendrum kibwesense lioldenke* Vitex grandifolia var. bipindensis (Gttrke) Pieper -- to be deleted Vitex welwitschii Gtirke KENYA: Clerodendrum discolor var, dtfmmeri Thomas Clerodendrum myricoides var. chartaceum Moldenke Clerodendrum ugandense Prain ANGCLA: Vitex madiensis var. baumii Pieper -- delete the "x" Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr. NORTHERN RHODESIA: Clerodendrum cabrae De Wild. Clerodendrum caesium Gtirke Clerodendrum capitatum var. rhodesiense lMoldenke -- to be deleted Clerodendrum frutectorum S. Moore Clerodendrum milne-redheadi lioldenke -- delete the "*«" Vitex chrysocarpa Planch. Vitex doniana var. parvifolia (Engl.) Moldenke Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr. Vitex robynsi De Wild. BRITISH WYASALAND PROTECTORATE: Clerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv. Clerodendrum swynnertonii S. Moore PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Clerodendrum discolor var. oppositifolium Thomas [Quilimane] Clerodencrum faulkneri Moldenke [Quilimane]* Clerodendrum fischeri Gtirke [Quilimane] Clerodendrum incisum Klotzsch [Quilimane] Clerodendrum lanceolatum Gtirke [Quilimane] Priva cordifolia var. flabelliformis lMoldenke {Quilimane] BECEUANALAND PROTECTORATE: Chascanum pumilum [—. ley. Lippia scaberrima Sond. UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA: Lippia scaberrima Sond, -—- delete the "x" 7h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 1 Verbena litoralis H.B.K. [Transvaal] Vitex zeyheri Sond. [Cape of Good Hope] COLMORO ISLANDS: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Anjouan & Grand Comoro Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- to be deleted MADAGASCAR: Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke MASCARENE. ISLANDS: Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -- to be deleted Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke [Mauritius] ISRAEL: Vitex agnus-castus var. pseudo-negundo f. albiflora Molden LEBANON: Vitex agnus-castus var. pseudo-negundo (Hausskn.) Bornn. TRAQ: Vitex grandifolia var. bipindensis (Gtrke) Pieper -- to be deleted Vitex iraquensis Moldenke* PAKISTAN: Clerodendrum colebrokianum Walp. is the correct orthography Clerodendrum hastatum (Roxb.) Walp. is the correct orthog- raphy Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -- to be deleted INDIA: Clerodendrum bracteatum Wall. [Khasi States] Clerodendrum colebrokianwm ‘Jalp. is the correct orthography; add Khasi States Clerodendrum hastatum (Roxb.) Wall. is the correct orthog- raphy; add Khasi States Clerodendrum serratum var. dentatum H. J. Lam [Coimbatore, Madras, & Sikkim] Gleredendron serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -- to be deleted Clerodendrum urticifolium (Roxb.) Wall. Clerodendrum villosum Blume Vitex negundo L. [Khasi States] Vitex negundo var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke [United Prov- inces Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke [Madras] BURMA: Clerodendrum colebrokianum Walp, is the correct orthography Clerodendrum macrostegium Schau. [Upper Burma] Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon [Southern Shan States] 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 75 Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -—- to be deleted Vitex pinnata L. [Tenasserim] Vitex trifolia L. [Tenasserim] ANDAMAN ISLANDS: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [South Andaman] Vitex trifolia L. SABANG : Clerodendrum calamitosum L. CEYLON: Clerodendrum serratum var. dentatum HK. J. Lam Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke »- to be ~~ deleted CHINA: Callicarna bodinieri var. lyi (Léveillé) Rehd. [Hunan] Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch [Hunan] Callicarpa pilosissima var. henryi Yamamoto [Kwangtung] Callicarpa rubella var. hemsleyana Diels -- delete the "+" Slerodendrum canescens ‘all. [Hunan] Clerodendrum colebrokianum Walp. is the correct orthography Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet [Hunan] Clerodendrum kaempferi var. album (P'ei) Moldenke -- delete the tt Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium Moldenke [Kwangsi, Kweichow, & Ytfnnan] Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum Nakai [Kwangtung & Shantung] Clerodendrum urticifolium (Roxb.) Wall. [Kwangsi & Kwang- tung Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. [Hunan Vitex quinata var. puberula (HE. J. Lam) Moldenke [Kwangtung] Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (liak.) Holdenke [Kwangtung] FORMOSA: Callicarpa pilosissima var. henryi Yamamoto -- delete the!" JAPAN: Callicarpa japonica Thunb. [lIliradosima & Kiushiu] Callicarpa japonica var. rhombifolia E. J. Lam [Jesso] Callicarpa mollis Sieb. & Zucc. [Hiradosima] Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. [Kiushiu] HONGKONG : Callicarpa brevipes (Benth.) Hance Callicarpa japonica var. angustata Rehd. Callicarpa rubella var. hemsleyana Diels HATNAN ISLAND: Callicarpa erythrosticta M. & C.# 76 PHYTOLOGIA Vol, h, mows Clerodendrum intermedium Cham. Clerodendrum urticifolium (Roxb.) Wall. Vitex trifolia var. heteroohylla (Mak.) Moldenke FRENCH INDO=-CHINA: Callicarpa brevipes (Benth.) Hance -- to be deleted Callicarpa brevipes f. annamensis Noldenke [Annam]* Clerodendrum colebrokianum Walp. is the correct orthography Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -- to be deleted Congea peteloti Moldenke [Cochinchina] Gmelina asiatica L. [Cochinchina] Teijsmanniodendron coriaceum (C. B. Clarke) Kosterm. [Cochin- china Vitex glabrata var. poilanei Moldenke [Cambodia & Cochinchina] Vitex peduncularis Wall. [Cochinchina] Vitex pinnata var. alata Moldenke [Cambodia] Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (!’ak.) Moldenke [Cochinchina] PFU KiVOK ISLAND: Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. KOH CHANG ISLAND: Vitex vestita Wall. THAILAND: Clerodendrum colebrokianum Walp. is the correct orthography Clerodendrum fragrans (Vent.) R. Br. Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -- to be deleted Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Congea vestita Griffith Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Vitex necundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (IMak.) Moldenke Vitex tripinnata (Lour.) Merr. Vitex vestita var. siamica lMoldenke* FEDGRATED MALAY STATES: Callicarpa maingayi King & Gamble [Pahang] Clerodendrum citrinum Ridl. is the correct orthography Clerodendrum colebrokianum Walp. is the correct orthography Clerodendrum deflexum Wall. [Johore, Negri Sembilan, & Perak] Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze [Kedah] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Pahang] Clerodendrum laevifolium Blume [Kelantan, Kuala Trengganu, & Pahang Clerodendrum myrmecophila Ridl. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum nutans var. penduliflorum (j/all.) BAkh. [Kedah & Pahang} 1952 Lioldenke, Geographic Distribution 17 Clerodendrum paniculatum L. [Pahang] Clerodencrum phyllomega var. myrmeconhilum (Ridl.) lMoldenke [Johore & Selangor] Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon [Pahang & Perak] Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -- to be deleted Clerodendrum umbratile King & Gamble [Pahang] Clerodendrum villosum Blume [Johore] Congea tomentosa var. azurea (Wall.) C. B. Clarke [Kedah] Congea vestita Griffith [Kedah] Petraeovitex scortechini King & Gamble [Selangor] Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke [Kuala Tren- gganu] STRAITS SETTLEMENTS: Clerodendrur: bethunianum Lowe [Penang] Clerodendrum colebrokianum ‘Jalp. is the correct orthosraphy Clerodencrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Singapore] Clerodendrum laevifolium Blume [Singapore 2: Wellesley] epee: Phy Lleieee var. mymmscophi tim (nic? «)- Molden [Singapore] Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke — to be deleted PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Callicarpa elegans lI!ayek [Leyte] Callicarpa formosana var. glabrescens lfoldenke [Luzon, Mindan- ao, & l’indoro]* Callicarpa longinetiolata var. glabrescens }’oldenke [Luzon]* Callicarpa magna var. lilacina Elm. -- to be deleted Callicarpa merrillii Moldenke [Necros] Clerodendrum bethunianum Lowe is the correct orthography; add Jolo Clerodenérum brachyanthur Schau. [Camiguin] Clercdendrum fragrans var. pleniflorum Schau. [Luzon] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Batan & Leyte] Clerodendrum kaempferi (Jacq.) Sieb. [Nesros] Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume [Jolo, Leyte, Luzon, & Tawita- wi Clerodendrum lanuginosum var. adpressipilum iMoldenke [Mindan- ao ]* Clerodencrum macrocalyx !. J. Lam [Sulu] Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum minahassae var. brevitubulosum H. J. Lam [Basi- lan, Busuanga, Leyte, Malamaui, Nindanao, Palawan, & Sulu] Clerodendrum philippinum Schau. [Jolo £ Luzon]* Clerodendrum puberulum Merr. -- delete the '! 78 PHY Pverh OG DR Vol. ‘h, nop Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr. [}indanao] Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum Nakai [Patan] Clerodendrum vanoverberghii Merr. [Benguet] Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. [Palawan £ Paragua] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Leyte] Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Leyte] Vitex parviflora A. L. Juss. [Negros] Vitex parviflora f. sterilis 1. J. Lam [Basilan, Bohol, Luzon, Mindanao, & Panay] Vitex quinata var. puberula (H. J. Lam) Moldenke [Luzon] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Masbate] Vitex trifolia var. heteronhylla (lak.) Koldenke [Palawan & Panay LARIANNA ISLANDS: Callicarpa erioclona Schau. [Tinian] Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Tinian] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (“Jilld.) Moldenke [Guam] CAROLINE ISLANDS: Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be celeted Clerocendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Corol, Pelew Islands, & Yap] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Yap] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (\Jilld.) loldenke [Yap] RIOWUY! ARCEIPELAGO : Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Yialp. [Toedjoej] Clerodendrum deflexum ‘Jall. [Bintan, Doerian, Dompak, Karimon, Papan, 2 Riouw Clerodendcrum frarrans var. pleniflorum Schau. [Bakong & Bin- tan Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Bintan 2 Doerian] Clerodendrum laevifolium Dlume [Doengoeran é Toedjoej] Clerocendrum serratum (L.) Moon [Bintan] Clerodendrum villosum Blume [Bakong, Bintan, Papan, & Riouw] LINGGA ARCHIPELAGO: Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Lingga] Clerodendrum deflexum ‘iall. [Lingga, Redjai, & Temiang] Clerodendrun fragrans var. pleniflorun Schau. [Singkep] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Lingga, Sebangka, & Singkep] Clerodendrum laevifolium var, pubiflorum Bakh. [Singkep] Clerodendrum phyllomega var. myrmecophilum (Ridl.) Bakh. [Se- bangka & Singkep] Clerodendrum villosum Blume [Lingga & Singkep] SIMALUR ISLAND: Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 79 1952 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. NIAS ISLAND: Clerodendrum paniculatum L. TEBINGTINGGI: Clerodendrun calamitosum L, SUMATRA: Callicarpa inaequalis Teijsm. & Binn. Clerodendrum bethunianum Lowe Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum bracteatum (Yall. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum bracteatum var. btinnemeijeri l!oldenke+ Clerodendrum bracteatum var. sumatranum Ridl. -- delete the Maen Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. Clerodendrum buchanani f. album i’oldenke Clerodendrun Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrun Clerodendrun Clerodendrum deleted Clerodendrumn Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum colebrokianum ‘jain, is the correct orthosraphy colebrokianum var. forbesii King &: Gamble is the correct orthography microcalyx Ridl. -— to be deleted phyllomega var. myrmecophilum (Ridl.) oldenke ridleyi King 2 Gamble scopiferum Miq. serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -- to be singalense Liq. speciosissimum Van Geert sumatranum lfoldenke* urticifolium (Roxb.) Wall. villosum Blume viscosum Vent. Vitex negundo var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke MANURA ISLAND: Clerodendrum calamitosum L. Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon Vitex trifolia var, bicolor (\Jilld.) Moldenke Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke BAWEAN ISLAND: Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Clerodendrum calamitosum L,. Clerodendrun kaempferi (Jacq.) Sieb. Clerodencrum serratum (L.) Moon Garretia cymarioides (Lam ?: lieeuse) lceeuse -- to be deleted Garretia siamensis Fletcher 80 Peay BO Ores Vole: lh, ait Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) ioldenke Vitex trifolia var. het terophylla (lak.) Moldenke NASSAU ISLANDS: Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Pagi] MANTAWI ISLANDS: Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Bata, Batu, Pini, Sib- erut, & Sipora] Clerodendrum fragrans (Vent.) R. Br. [Batu] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Batu] Clerodendrum paniculatum L. [Batu] Clerodendrum phyllomega var. myrmecophilum (Ridl.) Bakh. [Ba- ~ tu & Siberu om £4. oe et eae ‘ Vitex trifolia L. [Batu] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (\illd.) Moldenke [Pini] VERLATEN ISLAND: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke KRAKATOA: Clerodendrum disparifolium Blume Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (“/illd.) Moldenke JAVA: Callicarpa inaequalis Teijsm. * Sinn. -— delete the "x" Slerodendrum bethunianum owe is the correct orthography Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be celeted Clerodendrum fra-rans (Yent.) R. Br. Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet Clerodendrum laevifolium var. pubiflorum Bakh. Clerodendrum macradenium liq. — to be deleted Clerodendrum macrostesium Schau. Clerodendrum myrmeconhila Ridl. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum phyllomesa var. myrmecophilum (ridl.) Moldenke Clerodendrum rumphianum De Vriese & Teysm. is the correct orthography Clerodendrum serratum var. dentatum H. J. Lam Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichi C. B. Clarke -- to be deleted Clerodendrum speciosissimum f. album Moldenke* Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf. f. Clerodendrum urticifolium (Roxb.) Wall. Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Vitex altmanni lioldenke Vitex nesundo L. Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb. % Zucc.) Hand.-—lazz. Vitex negundo var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 81 MAS BESAR: Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (VWilld.) Moldenke BOKOR: Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke NORDWACHTER : Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (ivilld.) Moldenke BATAVIA BAY ISLANDS: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Amsterdam, Dapoer, Edan, Haarlem, Klein Kombuis, & Lang] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (‘/illd.) Moldenke [Edam] Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke [Klein Kom- buis BANTAM BAY ISLANDS: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Babi] DUIZEND ISLANDS: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Paniki] KAMBANGAN: Clerodendrum disparifolium Blume Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon LABUAN ISLAND: Clerodendrum phyllomega var. myrmecophilum (Ridl.) Moldenke JAMBONGAN: Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (lak.) !oldenke ANAMBAS ISLANDS: Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Siantan] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Sedanau & Temaja] BRITISH NORTH BORNEO: Callicarpa involucrata Nerr. -- delete the "x" Callicarpa kinabaluensis Bakh.* Clerodendrum bethunianum Lowe is the correct orthography Clerodendrum haematolasium H. Hallier Clerodendrum phyllomega Steud. Yaradaya matthewsii Merr. -- to be deleted Taradaya papuana Scheff. Teijsmanniodendron hollrungii (Warb.) Kosterm. Vitex parviflora A. L. Juss. SARAWAK: Callicarpa havilandii (King & Gamble) H. J. Lam -- delete the Moen Clerodendrum bethunianum Lowe is the correct orthography Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum buruanum f. lindawianum (Lauterb.) Bakh. Clerodendrum fragrans var. pleniflorum ochau. Clerodendrum laevifolium var. pubiflorum Bakh. Laitana trifolia L. Teijsmanniodendron simplicifolium herr. 82 Po BOL OG ak Vol. h, no. 1 Teijsmanniodendron unifoliolatum (Merr.) Moldenke* BORNEO : Callicarpa havilandii (King & Gamble) H. J. Lam Callicarpa involucrata Merr. Callicarpa japonica var. rhombifolia H. J. Lam -- delete the Wet Callicarpa kinabalutnsis Bakh. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum barba-felis H. Hallier Clerodendrum bethunianum Lowe is the correct orthography Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum buruanum lMiq. Clerodendrum haematolasium H. Hallier -- delete the "x" Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze Clerodendrum ingratum K. Schum. & Lauterb. Clerodendrum kaempferi var. album (P'ei) Moldenke Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume Glerodendrum myrmecophila Ridl. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum phyllomega var. myrmecophilum (iidl.) Moldenke Clerodendrum ridleyi King & Gamble Clerodendrum scopiferum ‘iq. Lantana camara L. Petraeovitex scortechini King & Gamble Teijsmanniodendron holophyllum var. pubescens Moldenke Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum var. auriculatum Kosterm. -- to be deleted Teijsmanniodendron simplicifolium var. kostermansi lioldenke* Vitex buddingii Moldenke* Vitex trifolia L. Vitex urceolata C. B. Clarke KARIMATA ARCHIPELAGO: Clerodendrum fragrans. var. pleniflorum Schau. Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Karimata] Clerodendrum phyllomega Steud. [Penebangan] Vitex pinnata L. [Karimata] LAOET: Clerodendrum singalense Miq. TALAUT ISLANDS: Clerodendrum bethunianum Lowe [Talaut] Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Karakalang & Miangas] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn, [Iarakalang] Clerodendrum kaempferi (Jacq.) Sieb. [Karakalang] Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn. [Salebaboe] Faracaya splendida F. ?uell. [Marakalong] CELEBES: 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 83 Callicarpa inaequalis Teijsm. & Binn. Clerodendrum Clerodcendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerocendrum Clerodendrum brachyanthum Schau. buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakn. buchanani var. glabrum (H. J. Lam) Moldenke buruanun f. lindavianum (Lauterb.) Bakh. calamitosum L. fragrans (Vent.) R. Br. Clerodendrum fragrans f. corymbosum Lam. & Bakh.* Clerodendrum fragrans var. pleniflorum Schau. Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet Clerodendrum minahassae var. brevitubulosum H. J. Lm Clerodendrum puberulum [err. Clerodendrum riedelii Oliv. —- to be deleted Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke — to be deleted Clerodendrum umbellatum var. speciosum (Dombrain) Moldenke Clerodendrum urticifolium (Roxb.) Wall. Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke TUKANG-DSS1 ISLANDS: Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. KANGEAN ARCHIPELAGO Clerodendrum piensa (Roxb.) “‘alp. [Kangean] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Bangko, Kangean, Paliat, Saboenting, Saoebi, Saseel, & Sepapan] Clerodendrum ingsratum K. Schum, 2 Lauterb, [Kangean, Sepand- jang, & Sepapan] Clerodendrum laevifolium Blume [Paliat] Clerodendrum urticifolium (Roxb.) i/all. [Kangean] Vitex altmanni Volcenke [Kangean] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (\/illd.) Moldenke [Katedan, Pal- saab, Saboenting, Saoebi, Saseel, Sepangjang, & Sepapan] SUNDA ISLANDS : Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon [lerak] SALAJAR ISLANDS: Callicarpa candicans (Burm, f.) Hochr. Callicarpa longifolia Lam. [Kalao-Toa] -- to be deleted Mamboerit, ([Salajar] Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Kalao-Toa @ Tana Djam- peja Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Tana Djampeja] Gmelina elliptica J. =. Sm. [Salajar] Lantana camara L. [Salajar] Vitex parviflora A. L. Juss. [kalao-Toa 2 Salajar] Vitex pinnata L. [Salajar] Vitex trifolia L. [Salajar] Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. [Salajar] 8h PHY. PO) L.OsG, Eas Vol. h, no. 1 LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrun Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted blumeanum var. glabrum H. J. Lam -- to be deleted bracteatum var. sumatranum Ridl. [Timor] buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Banka, Lepar, & Timor] buchanani f. breviflorum Moldenke [Lombok]* buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Bali, Flo- res, & Timor] Clerodendrum li, Flores, Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum bawa } Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum buchanani var. glabrum (E. J. Lam) Moldenke [Ba- Lombok, & Wetar] buruanum Miq. [Flores] calamitosum L. [Bali & Banka] colebrokianum Walp. [Timor] deflexum Wall. [Banka & Mendanau] disparifolium Blume [Banka] fragrans var. pleniflorum Schau. [Bali & Banka] hettae H. Hallier [Soemba] inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Bali, Banka, Sebesi, & Sum- laevifolium Blume [Banka] leparensis Moldenke [Lepar]* longifolium var, pubescens Moldenke [Lombok, Soemba, & Timor] Clerodendrum Clerodendrun Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Clerodendrum deleted Clerodendrum Clerodendrum longitubum Val. -- to be deleted minahassae Teijsm. & Binn. [Soemba] pulchrum Fawc. — to be deleted serratum var, timorense Bakh. [Flores & Timor]* serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke -- to be speciosissimum Van Geert [Soemba & Timor] villosum Blume [Billiton % Lepar] Lantana camara L. [Lombok] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Sumbawa] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Kisar] Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Lombok] Vitex negundo L. [Billiton & Soemba] Vitex negundo var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke [Banka] parviflora A. L. Juss. [Roti & Semaoe] trifolia L. [Sunbawa] trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Molcenke [Bali] trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke [Banka, Flo- res, Lombok, Sumbawa, & Timor Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. [Kisar % Savoe] Avicennia marina var. rumphiana (HE. Hallier) Bakh. [Morotai] 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 85 Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum blumeanum var. glabrum H. J. Lam -- to be delet- ed Clerodendrum brachyanthum Schau. [Mangole & Soelabesi] Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Amboina, Ceram, Mangole, Sanana, Taliaboe, & Tanimber Islands] Clerodendrum buchanani f. album Moldenke [Ceram] Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Amboina, Boano, Ceram, Key Islands, Morotai, & Ternate] Clerodendrum buchanani var. ’ slabrum (H. J. Lam) Moldenke [Amn- boina @ Burv] Clerodendrum buruanum Miq. [Amboina] Clerodendrum calamitosum L. [Amboina & Ternate] Clerodendrum ceramense }oldenke [Ceram]* Clerodencrum fragrans var. pleniflorum Schau. [Ternate] Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze [Ternate] Clerodendrum inerme au ) Gaertn. Sekine Key Islands, Sa- nana, @ Tanimber Islands] Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume [Halmahera, Morotai, @: Obi] Clerodencrum minahassae Teijsm. £: Binn. [Taliaboe] Clerodendrum rumphianum De Yriese & Teysm. is the correct orthography; add Sanana Clerodendrum sahelangii Koord. [Ceram, Groot Kei, Key Islands, Norotai, & Tanimber Islands] Clerodendrum spectabile lioldenke -- to be deleted Faradaya dimorpha Pulle [Ceram % lysole] Gmelina lepidota Scheff. [Morotai] Gmelina moluccana (Blume) Backer [lMorotai] Lantana camara L. [Tanimber Islands] Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Morotai] Teijsmanniodendron ahernianum (lMerr.) Bakh. [Ternate] Teijsmanniodendron bogoriense Koord. [Ternate] Teijsmanniodendron hollrungii (Warb.) Kosterm. [Mangole] Vitex cofassus f. anomala lioldenke [Tanimber Islands] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Pisa, Buru, Ceram, Morotai, Obi, Sula, Taliaboe, & Tanimber Islands] Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke [Amboina] FISHERMAN ISLAND: Clerodendrum floribundum 2. Br. NEW GUINTA: Avicennia marina var. rumphiana (H. Hallier) Bakh. [Japen Is- land] Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum brassii beer & Lam [Japen Island] Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Papua] Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Dutch New 86 Pie Ou) OoGr i Ak; Vol... h, noses Guinea & Northeastern New Guinea] Clerodendrum buruanum liiq. [Japen Island] Clerodendrum buruanum f. lindawianum (Lauterb.) Bakh. -- de- lete the "*"'; add Papua Clerodendrum floribundum R. Br. [Papua] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Northeastern New Guinea & Papua] Clerodendrum longiflorum var. pubescens lioldenke [Dutch New Guinea] Clerodendrum longitubum Val. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum magnificum Warb. [Japen Island] Clerodendrum porphyrocalyx var. dentatum H. J. Lam [Dutch New Guinea & Northeastern New Guinea]* Clerodendrum rumphianum De Vriese & Teysm. [Papua] Clerodendrum sahelangii Koord, [Dutch New Guinea] Clerodendrum tracyanum (F. Muell.) F. Muell. [Dutch New Guin- ea & Japen Island] Clerodendrum tomentosum (Vent.) R. Br. [Papua] | Eriocaulon brevipedunculatum Merr. [Northeastern New Guinea] Eriocaulon echinulatum Vart. [Papua] Faradaya albertisii F. Muell. [Papua] Faradaya dimorpha Pulle [Japen Island & Papua; delete the "x"! Faradaya dimorpha var. cauliflora Moldenke [Papua] Faradaya papuana Scheff. [Dutch ew Guinea, Northeastern New “Guinea, @ Papua] Faradaya splendida F. Muell. [Japen Island] Faradaya ternifolia F. Muell. [Papua] Gmelina palawensis var, novoguine#tnsis lMoldenke [Northeastern New Guinea]+* Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Dutch New Guinea] Teijsmanniodendron ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh. [Dutch New Guinea] Teijsmanniodendron bogoriense Koord. [Biak Island & Dutch New Guinea] Teijsmanniodendron hollrungii (Warb.) Kosterm. [Japen Island] Teijsmanniodendron novo-cuineense (Kaneh, & Hatus.) Kosterm, {Dutch New Guinea Vitex scandens Moldenke [Dutch New Guinea] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Japen Island, Northeastern New Guinea, & Papua] SAIBAT ISLAND: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Clerodendrum magnificum Warb. AROE ISLANDS: Avicennia eucalyptifolia Zipp. [Wamer] Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Kobrotr] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Ga -rtn. [Kobrotr] 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 87 Clerodendrum longiflorum var. pubescens lioldenke [Trangan] Faradaya splendida F. luell. Stachytaroheta urticaefolia (Sd isb.) Sims [jamar] Vitex cofassus Reinw. [Kobrotr & Trangan] LOUISIDADE ARCHIPELAGO: Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (‘Jilld.) Moldenke [Nossel1l] KRAKA ISLAND: (din ied Avicennia eucalyptifolia Zipp. LISOOL ISLAND: Clerodendryum buchanani var. fallax (Lincl.) Bakh. Gmelina dalrympleana var. schlechteri (il. J. Lam) loldenke Gmelina misoolensis *‘oldenke* Lantana camara L. Teijsmanniodendron hollrungii (Warb.) Kosterm. MANSINAMA ISLAND: Callicarpa erioclona Schau. Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. -- to be deleted Clerodencrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. Clerodendrun papuanum Scheff. -- to be deleted Faradaya papuana Scheff. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Oahu] BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO: Callicarpa peekelii lMarkgraf -- to be deleted Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted Clerodencrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [New Brit- ain Faradaya peekelii (Markgraf) Moldenke [New Ireland]* SOLOHON ISLANDS: Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Bougain- ville, San Cristoval, & Ysabel] Clerodendrum buruanum f. lindavianum (Lauterb.) Dakh. [Doug- ainville, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristoval, % Ysabel] Clerodendrum inerme (L.3 Gaertn. [Dougainville £ Guadalcanal] Faradaya amicorum var. salomonensis Bakh. -- to be celeted Faradaya salomonensis (Bakh.) ioldenke [Guadaleanal, San Cris- toval, & Ysabel]+* Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Guadalcanal] NEW HEBRIDES: Clerodendrum buchanani var. glabrum (H. J. Lam) Moldenke [Es- piritu Santo Faradaya neo-ebudica Guillaum. —- delete the "i" TONGA ISLANDS: Faradaya amicorum (Seem.) Seem. — to be deleted 88 PHY TOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 1 Faradaya neo-ebudica Guillaum. [Eua] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Tingabatu] FIJI ISLANDS: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Kandaw & Viti Levu] Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- to be deleted Faradaya neo-ebudica Guillaum. [Kandavwu & Viti Levu] Faradaya neo-ebudica var. degeneri Moldenke [Viti Levu]* Faradaya neo-ebudica var. puberulenta (Moldenke) Moldenke [Va- nua Levu & Viti Levu]* Faradaya ovalifolia var. glabra Moldenke [Viti Levu]* Faradaya vitiensis var. ouberulenta Moldenke -- to be deleted Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke [Viti Levu] SAMOAN ISLANDS: Clerodendrum blumeanum Schau. -—- to be deleted Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [Ofu & Tau] Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Savaii & Upolu] Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert -- to be deleted Faradaya amicorum (Seem.) Seem. [Tau, Tutuila, 2 Upolu]* Faradaya Savaiiensis itech. -- to be deleted AUSTRALIA: Clerodendrum tomentosum (Vent.) R. Br. -- delete the tt" Faradaya papuana Scheff. [Queensland] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Queensland] Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Queensland] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (W/illd.) Moldenke [Western Aust- ralia] Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla (Mak.) Moldenke [Queensland] PALM ISLAND: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. NEW ZEALAND: Avicennia marina var. resinifera (Forst.) Bakh. [North Island] TUAMOTO ISLANDS: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. [lakatea] Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Teert -- to be deleted CULTIVATED: Aloysia lycioides Cham. [Uruguay] Callicarna americana L. [Java] Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch [Java] Callicarpa japonica var. rhombifolia I. J. Lam [Java] Clerodendrum bakhuizeni Moldenke [Java]: Clerodendrum Dethunianum Lowe is the correct orthography Clerodendrim blumeanum Schau. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. [Antigua, Guadeloupe, ° Java, & Martinique] PHYTOLOGIA is financed entirely by its contributors, each one paying in advance for the entire cost of printing, binding, and distributing his con- gl tribution. All money received from subscribers, after the expenses of — 4 collection have been deducted, will be distributed among the contributors upon . the completion of a volume, in proportion to the space which they have used, - 4 Each contributor is therefore a shareholder in the magazine, assuming his part of the expenses and sharing in the profi::, if any accrue. ra Each number consists of not less than 32 pages. All manuscript e. accepted will be published in the next issue, so that the size of numbers may vary greatly. 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Sian apes ‘ 4 Y t 4 i ea ae) Ltd i" ‘ + ee fs ahah be - at ENKE HL N. ¥i Additional notes on the Eriocoulaceat. 17 hed 8 xt i i “1s iGienbroak ‘Avene ; : iss mi Yonkers 5, New York . ir uimbes, | 73 cents; aa Sees $5 in oe 1a “* . « ae : oes vee ids ; Ae “- a a oo t Wry ‘“ * ae i , ys , ¢ Th pee Se . » 4 , ¥ v } ba Lh. eel Uh R50 pia fd? Ae ac a WAS Aas P N { r. Pars RM ” mat i ‘ “ro pe , - OLY coat tad ws i . ” Ht Wate! re bh j ; } ws fe AS s - } PUGILLUS POTENTILLARUM * Bernard Boivin Division of Botany and Plant Pathology Department of Agriculture Ottawa All the specimens cited below are preserved in the Herbarium of the Division of Botany and Plant Fathology, De- partment of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada, except those marked (SWC) which are to be found in the Herbarium of the Experimental Station at Swift Current in Saskatchewan, I = Comarum (L.) Boivin POTENTILLA L. subgenus Comarym (L.) stat. n., Comarum L., Spe pl. 1:502. 1753 et Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 1754. POTENTILLA PALUSTRIS (L.) Scop. f. GLANDULOSA Gunnarsson; P. palustris (L.) Scop. var. villosa (Pers.) Lehm. (Vide Rhodora ees. 1914). This variation, more glandular and with leaves velvety above, occurs in Canada from the Maritime Provinces to British Columbia. It seems to be an ecological variant and does not appear to present a distinct geographical range, neither in Canada nor in the range of the species as a whole, II - Sibbaldiopsig (Rydb.) Boivin POTENTILLA L. subgenus Sibbaldiopsis (Rydb.) stat. n., Sibbaldiopsis Rydberg, Mem. Dep. Bot, Col, U. 2:187, 1897. III - Potentilis POTENTILLA BIPINNATIFIDA Douglas. Appears to be re- lated to P, mitifida L. at least as much as to P, Pensylvanica L. to which it is often subordinated as a variety. Specimens examined from Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Mackenzie, POTENTILLA CONCINNA Rich. var. dissecta (Watson) stat. ne; Potentilla nivea L, var, dissecta Watson, Proc. Am, Ac, 8:559. 1873; Potentilla concinna Rich, var. divisa Rydb; Bull. Torrey Club 23:431. 1896 (nomen illegitimum); Potentilla divisa Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22:330. 1908. Does not seem to differ from the typical phase except by its more deeply divided leaf- 89 90 PHY TOLOG ISA” Vol. jy, .n@ene lets. Specimens examined from Saskatchewan (Cypress Hills). POTENTILLA GRACILIS Douglas var. gtenophora (Rydb.) stat. n., Potentilla flabelliformis Lehm, var. ctenophora Rydb., Bull. Torr, Club. 24:7. 1897. Phase with leaflets pectinati-partite to pectinate. Specimens examined from Saskatchewan and Alberta. POTENTILLA GRACILIS Douglas var. filipes (Rydb.) stat. n.; P. filipes Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 28:174-5. 1901; P. me cherrima Douglas var. filipes (Rydb.) Th. Wolf, Bibl. Bot. 16, : 71.:209. 1908; P. camporum Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 22:319. 1908. Plant smaller with leaflets white tomentose below, Specimens examined from Saskatchewan and Alberta. POTENTILLA HIPPIANA Lehm. var. HIPPIANA, New to Ontario: Ontario: C,E. Garton 1219, Thunder Bay District, Sibley Peninsula, Surprise Lake, Silver Islet, dry stony soil, July 27, 1950 (DAO). POTENTILLA HIPPIANA Lehm. var. argyrea (Rydb.) stat. n., Potentilla argyrea Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 22:341. 1908. Differs from var. hippiana only by its leaflets white tomentose above. Specimens examined from Saskatchewan and Alberta. POTENTILLA MULTIFIDA L. Range extension and new to the Gray's Manual range: Ontario, Thunder Bay: C.E, Garton 1218, Sibley Peninsu- la, Surprise Take, ver Islet, dry stony ridge, July 27, 1950 (DAO). POTENTILLA PENSYLVANICA L. var. PENSYLVANICA; P. pecti-~ nata Raf,, Aut. Bot. 164. 1840, nec P. pectinata Auctorum. As a synonym of his P, pectinata, Rafinesque gave P, pensylvanica L, The name thus created by Rafinesque is there- fore illegitimate and should fall into the synonymy of 2. pensylvanica 1 ys 1952 Boivin, Pugillus Potentillarm 91 Specimens examined from Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Mackenzie and Yukon. Potentille strigose Rydberg, pro parte (typ. excl.), nec vero= similiter P._strigoga Pallas nomen, nec P. pensylvanica L, var. gtrigosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1:356. 1814. Pubescentia densior, eglandulosa vel glandulositate saepius obscura, petiolorum pilis patentibus saepius 1-2-(3) mm, caulinum saepius sicut petiolorum. Planta saepius erectior et brevior, nonnunquam tamen alta vel basa decumbens, Typus: Boivin & Gillett 8910, Saskatchewan, district de Maple Creek, 3 milles & l'ouest de Gull Lake, dunes fixdes, 15 aofit 1951 (DAO type). Ontario, Kenora: WN, Denike 662, Ingolf. Manitoba, Brandop: H. Marshal] 33, Brendon, dry hills; : H, Groh, Morden, July, 1921; H, Groh, le Riviere, plains, June 18, 1932; H, Groh, Aweme, plains, June 9, 1932; Neepawa: sgn hone, Sydney, sand dunes lightly covered with aspen and oak; senp_% Gordon 3140, Carberry, dry sandy ieee Boivin & Brejtung 6592; Lyleton, natural prairie; J,1, Bol lyleton, open prairie, July 8, 1937 (SWC). Saskatchewan: S.J, Neville, Cottonwood; Agginibois: Boivin & Dore 7959, southeast of Hitchcock, dry Bouteloua prairie; Bojvin & Dore 8027, Roche Percee, at top of dry slope; Humboldt: Hise Senn 2004. 2258; aati dry preirie; Kindersley: L, Jenkins 679, Hoosier; Mackenzie: we » Preeceville, sandy grassy ridge; Ly eee Hudson Bay Junction, dry sandy soil; Maple Creek: Frankton 293, Robsart, dry coulee; Tisdale & Budd » Robsart, dry prairie; Senn, Tisdale & Budd 2359, Cypress Hills Park, dry areas; A,J, Breitung 5008, 2700 ,_5701, 4437 5 Fagen Hills, prairie; Couplam & Budd 25, 26, Maple Creek; A.C, Budd 29, 30, Cypress Hills Park; J.B, Campbell, Maple Creek, prairie, raed 10, 1939 (SWC); Melfort: A,J, Breityng 407, McKague, gravel pit; A,J, Breitung 291, Mc- Kague, along road; Melville: Russell & Russell $3702, Elbourne, open prairie; Lake Centre: W, Shevkenek 119, Qu'Appelle Valley, hillsides; Boivin & 7688, Spy Hill, Agassiz coulée, top of south-facing scarp; North Battleford: B, Boivin 6922, Flat Valley, sommet de l'écorre le long de la riviére Beaver; Boivin & Breitung 6753, Radisson, prairie; ce : Senn, Groh & » Macdowall, dry sandy woodland; Boivin & Brej tung 9120, Nisbet Provincial Forest, sandy Jack Pine woods; t Boivin & Gillett 8457, Wolseley, écorre d' un ruisseay; Russell _& Russell S4522, Pilot Butte, July 5, 1945; Rosthern: Russell & Russell, Dana, dry hillside, July 3, 1936; Seng, Groh & Russel] 2752, Dana, dry hillside; Senn, Groh & Russel] 2810, 92 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 St. louis, dry sandy plein; Saskatoon: R,C, Russell S2969, Pike Lake, sandy prairie; W,P, Fraser 17, 18, Saskatoon, low ground by dry slough (SWC); Boivin & Russell & Breitung 6715, Pile Lake, sandy soil; Swift Current: C, Frankton 174, Webb, range; A,J, Breitung 3956, 3976, 4017, 4033, 5780, Swift Current, dry prairie; A.C, Budd, Swift Current, June 10, 1934 (SWC); A.C. Budd 28, 62, Swift Current; A,C, Budd 34, 35, 37, 43, 150, Chaplin; A,C » Courval; A.C, Budd 27, Lorryford; A,C. Budd 44, Courval (DAO, SWC); A,C, Budd 33, Leiman; A,C » Valjean; Weyburn: W, Shevkenek 178, Big Muddy Valley; Boivin & Dore 7954, Macoun, dry embankment; Boivin & Dore 7848, Weyburn, dry hillside; Wood Mountain: Boivin & Gillett 8687, Bengough, coulée Hudson, prairie aride; Boivin & Gillett 8743, Bengough, affleurement de grés; J,L, Bolton, Bengough, open prairie, July 17, 1938; Yorkton: RS. Russell $2922, Punnichy, open prairie on dry soil; Russell & Russell S4814, Copeland, hill on prairie; L,T, Carmichael 164, Yorkton; W, Shevkenek, Theodore, sandy soil; C, Shaw 51a, Yorkton,prairie. Alberts, Acedia: A.H, Brinkman 5169, 5225, Craigymle, grassland; Lethbridge: C, Frankton 224, Lethbridge, hills; Macleod: E,H, Moss 715, Macleod, prairie gravelly soil; E,H. Moss 338, Castle River, river flats; E,H, Moss 243, Pincher, prairie, sandy loam; E,W, Tisdale 38, Pincher Creek; Medicine Hat: A,C, Budd 32, Cypress Hills, West Block, bench (DAO, SWC); Tisdale & Coupland 161, Medicine Hat; Peace River: L, Jenking 186, 731(c), 350, Beaverlodge, dry places of open woods; E,H, Moss 7435, Prestville, dry slope; E,H, Moss 7501, Spirit River, native grassland; Vegreville: GH, Turner 25, Fort Saskatchewan, open prairie. ; » Cariboo: E,H, Moss 8167, Fort St, John, dry steep slope of creek valley. ota, Ward: Boivin & Dore 8064, Bowbells, dry hillside. South Dakota: 0, Tolle 2, Custer State Park, flew Mexico: Heller & Heller 3795, Santa Fe Canon, Pursh's description of var. gtrigosa reads as follows: "cano~pubesceng; foliis pectinato-~dentatis margine ren ? c ", This description does not seem to apply to this plant. The description of the pubescence in particular would seem to apply to a plant similar to P. bipinna- difida Douglas. 1952 Boivin, Pugillus Potentillarum 93 POTENTILLA PENSYLVANICA L, var. GLABRATA (Hooker) Watson, Range extension and apparently new to Ontario: Ontario, Thunder Bay: C,E, Garton 1694, Hardwick Township, Sanstone Lake Road at Junction of Roundtable Lake Road, gravelly bank, 29 Aug., 1951 (DAO), POTENTILLA PENSYLVANICA L. var. litoralis (Rydberg) stat. n., Potentilla litoraligs Rydberg, Bull. Torr, Bot. Club 232264. 1896, nec Anserina Jitoralis Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 22: 354. 1908, nec Potentilla litoralis (Rydb.) Fedde, Just. Bot, Jahr. 36,2:488. 1910; Potentille pectinata Raf., Aut. Bot. 164. 1848 pro parte, typo excl., Potentilla pectinata Auctorum, This entity does not appear to be sufficiently dis- tinct to warrant retention at specific rank, Specimens examined from Nova Scotia (Atlantic coast), Quebec (coast of Saint Lawrence Gulf), Ontario (Thunder Bay District), and Manitoba (Hudson Bay coast). POTENTILLA RECTA L, var, OBSCURA (Nestler) Koch, locally naturalized in Canada. Specimens examined from Ontario (Sibley Peninsula, Beausoleil and Manitoulin Islands, Brussels, Wiarton and Oak- ville) and Saskatchewan (Caron). POTENTILLA RECTA L, var. PILOSA (W.) Led. Locally naturalized in Canada in the vicinity of Kingston and Preston (Ontario). POTENTILLA RECTA L, var, SULPHUREA (Lam. & DC.) Peyr. Introduced from Europe and abundantly naturalized in the more southern parts of Eastern Canada, It is the commoner of our three varieties and is easily distinguished by its middle and lower stem leaves which commonly have 7 leaflets in var. gul- phurea and only 5 in the other two varieties. Specimens examined from Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan (Swift Current) and British Columbia (Kimberley and Bridesville), * Contribution No. 1202, Division of Botany and Plant Pathology, Science Service, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada, THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MANILKARA Joseph V. Monachino It is not intended here to review the papers already pub- lished on Manilkara, except for those on the South American species, Studies on the North American species will be men- tioned briefly. In recent times only Charles Gilly and Arthur Cronquist have been the principal students of the North American Sapotaceae. Refer to the papers by Cronquist for a clear exposition and s ry. Charles Gilly, in March, 193, made two bold proposals re- garding Manilkara. He declared Achras and Manilkara congener- ic, and presented a very novel interpretation of their flower morphology. Achras and Manilkara had been widely separated by many botanists, the flowers of typical Achras and typical Man- ilkara being quite different, so that it took remarkable cour- age to expound their union. H. Pittier, in describing Achras chicle almost a quarter of a century previously, had noted that If the dorsal appendages of the corolla had been present the species would have been a perfect Mimusops, that is, Manilkara. Pierre and Urban (190), p. 163) stated that Manilkara has the ensemble of characters of Achras, and greater resemblance to it than to Mimusops. Grisebach (Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 399. 1861) placed his Sapota sideroxylon, which is a Manilkara, in Sect. Achras next to 5. achras; but he gave a too broad circumscrip- tion to Sapota Tincluded Micropholis), and at the same time rec- ognized Mimusops, including Manilkara, as distinct from Sapota. Other botanists had indirectly suggested close alliance between Achras and Manilkara, but no one before Gilly pursued the matter to a definite conclusion. If Gilly's understanding of the flower morphology of Manil- kara is proven correct, it will probably be the one most out- standing contribution to the taxonomy of the Sapotaceae. The Manilkara flower has (1) a "corolla," tubular below, segmented above, the stamens attached to the upper part of the tube oppo- site to the somewhat modified segments, and (2) biserrate free "sepals." In Gilly's interpretation, the "corolla" is entirely staminodial, while the inner "sepals" are petals. Obviously, such a configuration departs widely from that of a Chrysophyllum perianth, which consists simply of calyx and unappendaged gamo- petalous corolla with epipetalous stamens opposite the corolla- lobes. In 193, Gilly hinted at vascularization study not fully can pleted to support his ingenious contention. He has not yet pre- sented concrete evidence either from anatomy or analogy. The species treated by Gilly in Tropical Woods for March, 193, were only those of Achras relationship. The 12 species and 2 varieties accepted by Gilly were reduced to lh species by Cronquist (195), who recognized for North America but 13 spec- ies of Manilkara, including Achras, Muriea and Shaferodendron. Regarding the South American Manilkara, Flora Brasiliensis 9h 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 95 covered 9 species, of which were fully illustrated, The stud- ies by A. Ducke are incomparably the most important. Ducke has been the best source of original knowledge in the group. My revision has been made possible largely by Ducke's help and also by the aid received from Dr. H. N. Moldenke. In "As Magarandubas Amaz6nicas" Ducke treated 16 species. He presented descriptions, field notes and observations, and a key to the species. Now is not the time, nor will it be for many years in the future, when studies in most groups of Sapotaceae can hope to approximate completeness. Taxonomically, the family is too much in flux. Of the many new species being discovered some fall into generic boundaries already too tenuous, thus suggest- ing union of genera; and still others, if in quantity, may show a sufficiently marked nuclear concentration of species to make it preferable to reinstate these genera, notwithstanding the overlapping boundaries. It is not expected that when all the taxa of Sapotaceae are known, an unb“oken continuum of micro- species will reduce the family to a uingle genus, but certainly many genera will merge. Most recent authors separate Manilkara from Mimusops, on good grounds. Superficially there is greater difference in the flower structure of typical Achras and Manil- kara than between Manilkara and Mimusops. Discovery of Mimusops in America would contribute much to its re-embracing Manilkara. A greater possibility is that intermediates may be found in the Old World, where both genera grow. Generic revaluation may be a thing of the future, but addi- tional knowledge to the species of Manilkara is gained almost daily. Dr. Ducke is actively continuing studies in the Brazil- ian Manilkara. On this very day I am in receipt of critical material obtained by Ducke. The present paper, then, should be considered an interim and provisional one, intended mcre to help future studies than settle many current problems, One of the largest collections of South American Sapotaceae was made about 19),0-19l2 (-19)6 ?) under the auspices of the Chicle Development Company. The material of Manilkara collected on this project has been removed from The New York Botanical Garden to an undesignated place and is not available for study. Specimens in this collection were named in the herbarium as new species by Gilly. Most of these and other cheironyms remain unpublished. Mimusops reticulata Huber ex Ducke, Bol. Mus. Goeldi (1913) 7:17] is a nomen nudum. In a discussion of the flora of the municipality of Obidos, Par4, Brazil, Ducke wrote that this shrub (with fruits very sweet and tasty) is perhaps the most common and certainly the most characteristic there, not encount- ered elsewhere. This invalid name has not been identified. Manilkara is a member of the Mimusopeae. See Dubard for a world synopsis of the group and good schematic illustrations of the flowers. The genera of this tribe by far the best repre- sented are Manilkara and Mimusops. While Mimisops is confined to the Old World, Manilkara is found in about equal ratios in both hemispheres. In America it is found in Florida and the West Indies to extratropical South America. Achras, wholly American, is confined to the northern part of the range; this 96 Pio LoGrEA™ Vol. 4, no. 2 alone might suggest a distinct generic status for Achras, albeit a weak one. There is, no doubt, transition between Achras and Manilkara, but transition alone does not always justify syn- onymy. If it did, it would be necessary to unite families, genera and species of plants by the scores. Elbert L. Little, Jr. (Rhodora 9:289-293. 1917; Ballots for Proposed Amendments to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature etc., 6361. 198) proposed Achras L. emend. Loefl. ex L. for conservation against Manilkara, if necessary. The following arguments might be presented against his proposal. All species of Achras have already been transferred to Manil- kara; there are some 50 names in the latter still not appended to Achras. There is little likelihood that many new species of Achras will be described. On the contrary, novelties in Manil- kara will continue to be published even if Achras is conserved, as some botanists will not agree to their equivalency. Others, confirmed believers in the synonymous link of the two, will snatch the new names for transfer. The recombination will be done automatically by some, without profound consideration of the botany of Achras and its position in the Mimusopeae as a whole. In addition to the early confusion regarding Achras, approximately 20 names already published in this genus belong to species of Calocarpum, Pouteria, Dipholis, Bumelia, etc. Although "Achras zapota" is more familiar in texts and to com- mercial persons, it is botanically less precise than Manilkara zapotilla; real taxonomic contributions to the Achras comp Lex ave been made only comparatively recently by Pittier, Gilly, Cronquist, and others. Dr. Little suggested that Achras zapota L. (1753) be consid- ered emended, and argued for its ae under Article 50 of the International Rules, which states that an alteration of the diagnostic characters of a group does not warrant a change in name, The original description of Achras L. (Gen. Pl., ed. 5) was based completely on "Sapota Plum. }." Plumier's figure and Linnaeus! description contain no recognizable element of Manil- kara zapotilla. In Species Plantarum, Linnaeus presents seven citations under Achras zapota, not one of which, apparently, refers to M. za Spee two citations (Sloan. jam. and Pluk. alm.) rather definitely suggest Calocarpum sapota (= C. mammosum). Article 50 is not definite on the subject, but it seems that it intended no extension of the meaning of "alteration" to include complete change, a wholly new defini- tion of a group containing not one of the original elements. Up to at least 1950, Ducke was not fully convinced of a dis- tinct generic separation of Manilkara from Mimusops. However, in "As Magarandubas Amaz6nicas" he used Manilkara in designat- ing the species. Previously, he published new species under Mimusops, and later, in 192, he proposed M. longiciliata and M. siqueiraei under both genera simultaneously, e.g., "Manil- kara longiciliata Ducke, sp. nov. vel MimuSops longiciliata Ducke, sp. nov." This form of publication has been regarded as invalid under Article 37 of the International Rules, because the names were "proposed provisionally in anticipation of the eventual acceptance" of one or the other; because neither one was "definitely accepted by the author." I do not regard Ducke's usage a serious breach of the Rules. 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 97 It may truly be that Ducke proposed the alternate name in anti- cipation of its possible eventual acceptance, but one can assume otherwise, that Ducke definitely, not provisionally, accepted both binomials, as both were and would be equally worthy of acceptance. Under some circumstances the species is better referred to Mimusops and in other instances to Manilkara, the preference being sometimes reversed for the sake of conven- ience, not for botanical reasons. There is nothing in Ducke's usage to preclude "definite acceptance" of both names. Or, to use a different argument, Ducke's "vel" may be interpreted as "indication of taxonomic doubt," which, according to the charges made at the 7th Int. Cong. at Stockholm, does not apply to the provision concerning definite acceptance. In the present stage of knowledge of generic delimitations in the Sapotaceae, cert- ain species fall into two genera with almost equally good reasons, Publication of alternate names simultaneously by the same author, in such instances, is more commendable than pub- lication of new combinations at different times by the same or different authors. In respect to separation of Mimusops and Manilkara see Dubard (1915), Eyma (1936), Lam (191), Cronquist (196), and Ducke (1950). Pierre and Urban suggested in 190l, that Manil- kara is a distinct genus. Manilkara falls in Mimusops sect. Ternaria A.DC. Cocke and Mimusops subgen. Manilkara aaencen Pierre & Urban (190);). amilkara sect. Eumanilkara Dubard (1915) was elevated to a subgenus Gilly (1903). M. zapotilla was placed in Sapota sect. Achras A.DC. in Prodromus. e Achras group was “=e sected by Gilly into subgenera Manilkariopsis, Nispero and Euachras. Some species have the filaments and staminodes united below into a very short tube (Synarrhena Fisch. & Mey., 181). The indumentum is an important diagnostic character but is quickly lost. Its base color is rusty or rnfous becoming greyish with age. The leaf-blades are oblanceolate or obovate to subelliptic; more or less cuneate at the base; rounded or emarginate to slightly narrowed or short-acuminate at the apex; the midrib is usually raised on the upperside. The pedicels elongate in fruit, sometimes greatly. The sepals are variously pubescent outside and often are hairy also along the margins within; the inner sepals are slightly different from the outer in shape (more oblong), texture (thinner), and have lighter colored indumentum. The corolla-tube in most species of Euman- ilkara is approximately one mm. long; the lobes are narrowed at base into somewhat of a claw. The staminodes are, within cert- ain limits, highly variable in size, shape and lobing, and un- less broadly interpreted may lead to error. For an example of variation in sapotaceous staminodes see Lam (1925), Planchon- ella obovata, fig. 58. Flower size is also variable; the meas- urements given in the following descriptions of species are all approximate. Manilkara bidentata, and perhaps some other species, comprise numerous forms, and may prove to be "species complexes." Many indubiously distinct taxa are closely allied and difficult to distinguish in the herbarium. M. subsericea of South America and M. angolensis of Africa present an instance of two species that simulate each other. 98 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 In the northern range of our area there are three species belonging to the section Achras. These extend to North America and are treated by Cronquist (1945). Their relationship to other North American species has not been studied by me. In South America the species are found in the eastern part of the continent. The center of concentration of Eumanilkara is in the hylaea of the Amazon. Species of Manilkara and Mimusops have been cultivated in the New World since early times. Aublet's Achras balata in 1775 was based on an introduced species, Mimusops commersonii, found in botanic gardens in the Antilles, Guiana and Brazil (Chevalier). The type-species of Manilkara, the Asiatic M. kauki, was introduced in Jamaica and Guiana; naturalized in Saint Vincent (Grisebach, Fl. Br. W. Ind., p. 00. 1861). Mimusops elengi has been introduced in the West Indies; its cultivation in Brazil is mentioned by Martius (Flora 22 Beibl. lh. 1839) and Barbosa Rodrigues. It was collected in the Trini- dad Botanical Garden (Rusby, Apr. 1836) and in the wild land in beet Garden, Georgetown, = Guiana (A.S.Hitchcock ul » low ground of Jungle, Oct. 1919). M. zapotilla may be found anywhere in the tropics. Campos Porto Tists the follow- ing species cultivated in the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro: M. bidentata, from Rio Branco, M. huberi and M. amazonica from Belém do Para. In addition to The species already mentioned, the U. S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Plant Industry, lists receipt of seeds of Mimusops zeyheri (1920 and 1925), ARTIFICIAL KEY TO SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MANILKARA 1. Appendages of corolla-lobes free to summit of tube, flowers usually several to many in the axil, sepals less than 7 mm, long (ex- cept M. longifolia), corolla-tube less than 2 mm. long, staminodes less than 2.5 mm. long (excluding long filamentous tips in some), ovary glabrous (except M. elata, M. excelsa, M. pubicarpa).(Eumanilkara).......2. 2. Leaf blades at maturity densely ap- pressed-pubescent beneath (see also M, Didentata, Mo longiciliiata) éi. ose. w ected s te 3. Pedicels shorter than or little sur- passing subtending petiole........sesselle . Reticulation of veinlets very strik- ing on underside of leaves, indument- um chiefly ocher-yellow, covered by a vernicose coating, blades large, 7.5 - 27 cm. long, ovary pubescent...1. M. elata hh. Reticulation not strbkding ss... ssac05e fem 5. Blades moderate-sized or small, 4 - 15 cm. long, pubescence beneath of linear trichomes, staminodes over 1.5 mm. long, deeply cut......6. 6. Calyx less than 3 mm, diam., closely appressed scurfy-pubes- cent; Para, Maranhd0....sseeeee-+2- M. paraensis 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 99 6, Calyx over 3 mm. diam., tomentose with subspreading hairs, lateral nerves on underside of blades Slightly elevated. .cccccccccccccclec 7. Leaf-blades obovate, broadly cuneate at base, staminodes sharply bifid, 0.5 mm, broad, young leaves densely rufous- tomentose as well as strigu- lose; Coara—Bahians«concsenadedSe M. duckei 7. Leaf-blades oblanceolate, grad- — ually tapering at base, stamin- odes irregularly multifid, 0.8 - 1 mn. broad, young leaves stigulose only; Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santoctiieuraardsieisswineriela M. bella 5S. Blades very large, 15 - 26 cm. long, ~ minutely squamulose-vernicose be- neath, staminodes very short, 0.7 mm. SL OVI nie Slatele’ «ipiaieiaibieininialainle(orelsivinws’ | ia iM. Spe 3. Pedicels clearly longer than subtend- 2 ing petiole, indumentum on underside of leaf an evanescent argenteous pelli- cule, staminodes 1.7 - 2.6 mm. long, irregularly lacimiate..cccssscccccveceeds M. subsericea 2. Leaf-blades at maturity glabrous or . SPALBOLY DUDCSCONEs wes s:2 éieaisiosic tb aniinevetts 8. Pedicels clearly longer than subtending petiole; ERO MENTE clog gustadiasa sipinte deta « cig te 9. Innovations and young leaves glabrous or appressed puberulent...ccccccreeolOe 10. Fascicles many flowered (3-numer- ous), staminodes 1,5 mm. or long- er, deeply cut. (Glabrous form of M, subsericea Tilia Saale thatamaiame'é wy Ole M, floribunda 10. Fascicles few flowered .(3 - 1, nt OSC rarely more), staminodes 0.3 - 0.9 mm. long, entire or lightly denti- culate, corolla-lobes pubescent...9. 9. Innovations and young leaves densely rufous fuzzy-tomentose, lateral nerves on underside of blades not el- SVAULEO a iciniacaiewisiereinie sisisiaie(oiisisialeiainieiatsinie Ue 11. Underside of older leaves with some appressed hairs persisting..10. 11. Underside of leaves quickly be- coming completely glabrous.......ll. 8. Pedicels shorter than or about equal to subtending petiole, staminodes over 1 mm. long; chiefly Para - north......12. 12. Ovary pubescent, staminodes norm- ally without filamentous elonga- Syl CNIS ie ele vaialis eiatasaleiebalin auc te ethieieuslatelale, clots . 13. Innovations, young leaves and sepals rufous-tomentose, hairs spreading; Pard.....ecesscessseel2. M. excelsa triflora rufula dardanoi 100 PEYT OLTOG DA Vol. 4, no. 2 13. Innovations, young leaves and sepals puberulent, hairs ap- pressed; British Guiana.........13. M. pubicarpa 12. Ovary glabrous, indumentum on i: bf eaves Sppresseds :secccoecces cess clita 1h. Lacinae of staminodes with thread-like axteral ones oer ies eee ie Poceccs cde cee aban 15. Leaf-blades thick, obovate, broad, h.5 - 8 cm. broad, underside appear- ing glabrous but perhaps appressed furfuraceous overlaid with resin...lh. M. longiciliata 15. Leaf-blades thin, oblanceolate to * elliptic-oblong, narrow, 2.5 - 5 cm. broad, glabrous; wide distribu- EVone soc eae so ge ea eed Pee Rone Outs i etaumaee 1). Lacinae of staminodes without thread- S Tike, elongations....c+esebsussaets sweetOe ‘16, Sepals less than 6 mm. long........17. 17. Outer sepals sparsely minutely appressed squamulous, pedicels glabrous, reticulation on under- side of leaves minutely prominu- lous under a lenS......+eee+e0--26. M. srinmensis 17. Outer sepals densely tomentulose, — pedicels tomentulose on upper PALbercccccvevvcccscscevccsesres 8. 18. leteral nerves slightly raised on underside of leaveS.....2l%. 19. Blades not conspicuously cuneate, oblanceolate to subelliptic; wide distri- WINGLONs's o ca'tietelce se vie corse’ e el te M. bidentata (M. siqueiraei ) 19. Blades very conspicuously — cuneate at base, obovate; Venezuela...cccccccccccecelG. Mo williamsii 18. Lateral nerves not elevated; a southern Brazil...seseescoeeeets Me Salzmanni 16. Sepals 10 mm. long, leaves 13 - 3h x CM. long; southern Bra ei 29. ss ees Oe M, longifclia 1. Appendages united to corolla-lobes or appar- o ently absent, sepals 7 - 9 mm. long, cor- olla-tube over 2 mm. long, staminodes petal- oid, over 2.5 mm. long, ovary pubescent, pedicels about equal to length of petiole, leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous; north- ern Colombia and Venezuela. (Achras or Banchivas) occ lcctecceas ttn cece sete Cas ee seses eta 20. Flowers 2 - 5 in the axil, corolla-tube 2 - 2.) mm. long, leaves subvernicose be- neath, appressed scurfy-pubescent when young, corolla-lobes unappendaged.......20. M. calcicola 20. Flowers 1 in the axil, corolla-tube hi - i 5S mm. long, leaves rufous-tomentose when YOUN ds ccccccccrecce sees Ses sna nyse clase aanieie 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 101 21. Corolla-lobes and appendages free 1/3 = 2/3 their Meng th cisterveluterels etalara wes M. meridionalis 21. Corolla-lobes entire or dendiculate at AMER crsele’s welels clels aieielelsle adhe eels maviecce Le zapotilla 1. MANILKARA ELATA (Fr. Allem. ex Miq.) Monachino, comb. nov. Mimusops ? elata Allem. ex Miq., in Mart. Fl. Bras. 7:2. 1863. Non MW. elata Allemdo, 1866. Mimusops Huberi Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro Osih. 1 . Manilkara Huberi A. Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. & Agr. Trop. 12:276, 351. 1932; Standl., Trop. Woods 33:19. 1933. Tree 30 - hO m. or up to 50 m., petioles 2.5 - 5 cm. long, blades elliptic to suboblanceolate, 7.5 - 27 cm. long, (2.5-)5 - 12 cm. broad, underside densely covered with yellow-brown, ocher-yellow or paler, appressed tomentum overlaid by a trans- parent waxy coat, delicately striolate with many lateral nerves, the reticulation forming a characteristic fine network of usually brown veinlets contrasted against a lighter back- ground, Pedicels 1.5 - 2.3(-3) cm. long, tomentulose-scurfy, sepals ,3 - 5 mm. long, corolla-segments 3 - 3.3 mm. long, staminodes 1.8 mm. long, 0.8 = 0.9 mm. broad, sharply bifid, filaments 2 mm. long, anthers 1.3 mm. long, ovary appressed- tomentulose. Type.- Erroneous locality given in the original description: "silvas prov. Sebastianopolitanae et Bahiensis: M." Data on photo of Martius plant at Herb. Regium Monacense: "silvas prov. Bahiensis, etc. e.g. ad Ferradas, Martius 1819 ?" In 1819, Martius traveled in both Para and Bahia (Fl. Bras. 1:60). Type of M. huberi: "silvis primaevis haud vel rarius inundatis civitatis Par&; ad viam ferream inter Belém et Branganca prope Castanhal (Herb. Amaz, Mus. Paraensis 3.279) et prope Santa Izabel (10.177); ad flumen Guam4 prope Ourem (l}.067); in regione fluvii Trombetas inter flumina Cumin4-mirim et Arir- amba (7.976, 11.60, 11.910, 1h.965)." Illust.- (M. huberi).- Ducke (1918, p. 1h, fl. analysis; pl. 2A, photo fl. br. Also 1922, p. 239, b, as "M. rufula" by error). Distrib.- "Upland rain forest through Paré, up to eastern half of Amazonas and northern Matto Grosso; Dutch and British Guiana, and Venezuela" (Ducke 192). A. J. Sampaio told Chev- alier verbally that M. huberi is a good producer of balata, and that in the Obidos-Tumuc-Humac region (expedition Rondon) it is the most frequent and tallest tree, as abundant in the forest area of the river as on the chain of Tumuc-Humac Mts. This species was called Mimusops elata by Huber. Ducke, apparently giving weight to Tocality eltea and credit given to Allem&o in Flora Brasiliensis, judged the Allemao collection from Ceara (M. bella Monachino) typified M. elata. He identi- fied the Par& material as M. huberi, a view that has been fol- lowed by Eyma and others.” "~— I base my rather novel concept on study of the type. A small leaf segment of M. huberi, Ducke 10, Parintins, Lago Uaicurap4, was sent to Dr. K. Suessenguth to compare with the type of M. elata at Munich. Professor Suessenguth (letter of 102 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 2 Nov. 2, 1951) wrote: "We have compared the fragment of Mimusops huberi sent by you with our type of M. elata, An exact identification, nat- urally, is not possible with respect to the small material. The network, in the whole, is just the same; probably in M. elata, the anastomoses are a little more distinct. M. huberi possesses a tomentum consisting of minute needle-shaped yel- lowish brown hairs enclosed in a dense cover of wax. Just the same cover is found in M, elata, but the hairs are more hyaline and therefore the undersurface of leaves seems to be glabrous. We cannot decide how far that difference of colour is of systematical importance. We return the fragment of M. huberi and add such one of M, elata's type. If it seems ~ necesSary, you can get that type on loan, too." The leaf segment of the type sent by Suessenguth is approx- imately 21 x 17 m. It is indistinguishable from M. huberi. The greyish color phase of the indumentum in M, elata type is frequently found in M. huberi (e.g., C.Wilgress Anderson 9, British Karp The photo of the jartins type (Ficla Mus. and Gray Herb.) shows the characteristic reticulation of veinlets. The original description in Fl. Bras. (leaves "mltinervio- striulatis...venulis distinctis" etc.) agrees with the Martius type at Munich. It was based on sterile material. An over- sized juvenile leaf of M. bella (M. elata sensu Ducke) sent to me by Ducke bore no resemblance to M. huberi (true M. elata). Ducke, who knows both M. huberi and M. bella in the field, stressed that the leaves of the two are always and unmistakably distinguishable from each other. There is no other known South American species with leaves resembling those of M. elata. If there were any southern Brazil species with Such characteristic leaves, it would prob- ably have commanded attention by now. The leaf character of M. elata, however, can be duplicated in other species. Manilkara excisa (Urban) Gilly ex Cronquist, of Jamaica in the West Indies, has leaf indumentum and vena- tion remarkably like in M. elata, although the flowers of the two species are very different. I choose to believe that act- ually the type of M. elata was collected in Northern Brazil, rather than assume that a species with leaves like it remains unrediscovered in Southern Brazil. To select the Allemao collection as the type would be in disregard of the indubious Martius type at Munich and the original description which agrees in all particulars with the Martius type. Allem#o's M. elata may be regarded as a later homonym, His description should not be interpreted as an emendation of Miquel's species, "Mimusops elata Fr. Allemi#o in litt. ad Martium" was cited by Miquel probably due to some misinterpretation; in any event, the citation is ambiguous. Allem3o noted regarding his Massaranduba that it was found in all the forests of Brazil from Para to Santa Catharina, Ducke (1950, p. 233) refers to "Manilkara elata (Fr. All.) Chev." The combination was not located in works by. Chevalier. It was not formally proposed by Ducke. M. elata is the true Massaranduba of Para. The wood is 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 103 said to be excellent and used for civil and naval construction (Pard: R.C.Monteiro da Costa 319, Capucho 367). Acknowledgment 18 made to Prof. Dr. K. Suessenguth, to whom we owe the clarification of M. elata. 2. MANILKARA PARAENSIS (Huber) Standl., ran eee Susi. 1933 Mimusops paraensis Huber, Bol, Mus. Goeldi 4:35. 190. M. paraensis var. discolor Huber, and var. densiflora Huber, OC. Cit. Petioles 1 - 1.5 cm. long, blades small, 4.5 -— 10(-1)) cm. long, 1.5 - 3(-5) cm. broad, rounded to little narrowed or short-acuminate at apex, tapering at base, dull above, under- side yellow or greyish ferrugineous with dense closely ap- pressed scurfy indumentum, lateral nerves hardly raised below, reticulation obscure, Pedicels 8 - 10 mm. long, scurfy, sepals 3.3 - 4 mm. long, corolla-segments 3.3 mm. long, staminodes 3 mm. long, deeply bifid, laciniae very slender, filaments 2,2 mm. long, anthers 1.5 mm, long, ovary glabrous. Type.- Huber cited "Furo do Arrozal" for var. densiflora (first var.) and "diversos exemplares da estrada de ferro de Braganga et do rio Capim" for var. discolor; he did not indi- cate the typical variety. Ducke (1950, p. 2h2) cited "rio Capim, tipo da espécie, Huber, Herb. Mus. Parad 855 b; arrozal, perto de Belém, Herb. Mus. Parad ;.015 (tipo da var. discolor Hub.)." Fragment of 015, photo and fragment of Aliverto 3280 (Castanhal, Belém-Braganga, 1903) at N.Y.B.G. Distrib.- Para, northeastern Maranhao; swampy forests. The seeds of Mimusops maparajuba Huber belong to M. paraen- sis, according to Ducke (1560, p. 236). = Ducke (1922, p. 238) refers to the two varieties as forms and states that they are found on the same individual. In Tropical Woods, he (192, p. 22) cited "Mamilkara paraensis (Huber) Chev."; I was unable to find this combination in pub- lications by Chevalier. 3. MANILKARA DUCKEI Monachino, sp. nov. Arbor, petiolis 1 - 2 cm. longis, laminis obovatis usque ad oblongo-obovatis ca. 5 - 9 cm. longis, 3 - 5 em. latis, ad basin cuneatis, ad apicem emarginatis vel obtusis, in statu juvenili subtus atrorufotomentosis, postquam rufo-sericeis denique parce griseo-sericeis, costa supra impressa; pedicellis ca. 1 cm. longis rufo-tomentosis; appendicibus loborum corollas ca. 2 mm. longis ad apicem obscure denticulatis; staminodeis ca. 1.5 - 2 mm. longis, 0.5 mm. latis, argute bifidis. Type.- D4rdano de A. Lima 19-168, Serra Negra, 8-2-19h9, de- posited at The New York Botanical Garden. Other specimens ex- amined: Ducke 128, Cear& (leaves and flower fragments); Ducke 2028, Ceard, parte occidentale do planalto da Serra de Baturite (leaves); R.deLemos Frées 20091, Bahia, Ibyquara, regiao da Sincora, Feb. 24, 1903, Srvore, 10 m., sem l4tex, frutos ama- relos (leafy branch with young fruits). This species is the "M. rufula" in the sense of Ducke (1918, p. 15. 1950, p. 234, 242). Ducke informs me that a collection by F. Allem&o from Cear4, labelled M. elata, is this plant. M. elata of Allem&o (1866, p. 5) is in part this plant (Ducke, 1918, pe 15). 10), PHT '0' DOr aA Vol. h, no. 2 Tllust.- Ducke (1918, p. 13, under M. elatas; 1922, p. 239, a, under M, huberi. Flower analysis), Distrib.- Cear&, Pernambuco, Bahia. Closely allied to M. bella. Differs in leaf-shape, indumen- tum and staminodial lobing. See distinctions given by Ducke in works cited above. The long petioles, the elevated lateral nerves and minutely prominulous reticulation on the underside of the leaves readily separate it from true M. rufula; the close appressed indumentum is much more persistent and of long- er hairs than in M, rufula. lh. MANILKARA BELLA Monachino, sp. nov. Arbor, foliis versus apicem ramorum confertis, petiolis 1 - 3.5 cm. longis, laminis oblanceolatis usque ad basin gradatim angustatis 6 - 13.5(-17) em. longis, 2 - 5 em. latis, subtus sericeis, costa supra elevata. Pedicellis ca. 1.5 cm. longis fulvo-tomentosis; appendicibus loborum corollae ad apicem valde denticulatis; staminodeis ca. 2 mm. longis, 0.8 - 1 m. latis, irregulariter multifidis. Type.- Glaziou Herb. 12071, Rio de Janeiro, 1880, deposited at The New York Botanical Garden. It is "M. elata" in the sense of Ducke (1918, p. 13, etc.). Ducke (letter of Dec. 6, 1951) wrote that a specimen of F, Allem3o, named M. elata, is preserved at the Jardim Botanico of Rio and that Glaziou 12071, which he saw in the Museu Nac- ional, is certainly conspecific. Ducke (1918, p. 15) noted that M, elata of Allem&o in Trabalhos da Camm. Scient., 1866, is M, rufula Miq., exclusive of the description of the leaves and illustration of the fruiting branch. A photo (Field Mus., Gray Herb.) of Allem#o's floriferous collection at Paris re- sembles our plant; no collection data appeared on the photo. Illust.- Ducke (1918, p. 15, fl. analysis, as M. rufula. 1922, p. 239, c, same, as M. elata). Allemao (1866, €. 2, see remarks above). Saldanha da Gama (1872, t. 5, same as previous. Pinto's "Mimusops excelsa Allem." (Diccion. Bot. Brasil, fig. 2). 1873) probably refers to the present species. Dist.- Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo (Ducke, 1950. p. 233). In his letter to me (Jan. 1, 1952), Ducke wrote that it grows in the sub-tropical forests of Rio, from 600 to 700 m. upwards, Ducke (1918, p. 13) makes reference to juvenile leaves of this species. Through the kindness of Dr. Brade he sent me one young leaf and part of another of Ducke 17625, Serra de Friburgo, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, July 1915. FPetiole 2 - 3 cm. long, blade 15 cm. long, 5.9 - 6.5 cm. broad, oblanceolate, acuminate at base, appressed hairs beneath greyish or pale brown, midrib raised above, lateral nerves little if at all raised below, reticulation of veinlets not manifest below. The leaves of M. bella, both in the adult and juvenile state, are altogether different from those of the type of M, elata (a fragment sent to me by K. Suessenguth of Munich). The leaves of M. elata type are like those of M. huberi. The leaf venation of M. huberi and M. bella ("M. elata™ of Ducke) is constantly and entirely different (Ducke, letter of Dec. 6, 1951). M. bella is closest related with M, duckei. The specific epithet is an herbarium name used by Gilly. 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 105 S. MANILKARA SUBSERICEA (Mart.) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Mar- seille, ser. 3, 3:22. 1915. Mimusops subsericea Mart., Flora, 22, Beiblatt 1:3, 1839. Synarrhena sSubsericea Fisch. & Mey., Bull. Sc. Acad. Patersb. Bi255, Loh. Mimusops subsericea var. acmanthera Miq., in Mart. Fl. Bras. 7 iss ° Small tree, petioles 3 - 10(-16) mm. long, blades (3-)h - 10(-13) cm. long, 2-(-6.5) cm, broad, underside with a metallic silky-argenteous (or faintly amber) pellicule consisting of closely appressed flattened hairs, this thin indumentum mostly deciduous, remaining in protected places or in patches on some leaves, lateral nerves very slightly raised on the underside. Pedicels longer than subtending petiole, 0.7 - 1.5 cm. long, sparsely appressed strigulose-puberulent on upper part, sepals 3.3 - 5 mm. long, the indumentum of the outer sepals compara- tively greyish, corolla-tube 0.5 - 1.3 mm. long, segments 2.7 - 2.8 mm. long, staminodes 1.7 - 2.6 mm. long, irregularly lacin- iate, base of staminodes and filaments united into a short tube up to 1m. high, filaments 1.5 - 2 mn, long, anthers 1.8 m, long, ovary glabrous, cells six. Type.- "Montis Corcovado sylvis et alibi in Prov, Sebastian- opolitana...Mart. infra. No. 487." Isotype at N.Y.B.G. Type of var. acmanthera:, "Brasilia orientali: Sellow." I1Tust.- Miquel (1856, t. 16). Distrib.- Rio de Janeiro, Bahia. "Morros e restingas do Rio de Janeiro e litoral de SHo Paulo" (Ducke 1950, p. 23). Fischer and Meyer (181, p. 255) presented an elaborate des- cription of M. subsericea, of which they saw a cultivated plant, as well as dried specimens. They wrote that the species bloomed for the first time in 180 in the botanic garden. The flowers had the odor of Pittosporum tobira, ochroleucus corolla with cuculate lobes enfolding the anthers. This species and M. flor- ibunda are cited by Fischer and Meyer for their new genus Synarrhena. Raunkiaer (1890, p. 2) refers to a variety with apices of the staminodes profoundly ) - 6-fid. M. subsericea resembles the African M. angolensis (Engl. ) Lecomte ex Pellegr. ‘a Two sterile branches on a sheet in the Torrey Herbarium (N.Y.B.G.) labelled "Bumelia retusa. Secund Spreng. West Indies. M,. Perrin" suggest Manilkara angolensis. Reasons for believi eae collected in Africa are presented in Lloydia (19115) hls A The title page of The N. Y. Bot. Gd. copy of Martius' Herbar- ium Florae Brasiliensis bears the year of publication 1837. How- ever, M. floribunda, appearing on page 179, was published at a later date. On p. 168 of this book reference is made to Eupa- torium martiusii DC. Prodr. 7:269, which was published in 1938; this page therefore appeared in print 1838 or later. 6. MANILKARA FLORIBUNDA (Mart.) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Mar- seille, ser. 3, 3:22. 1915. Mimusops floribunda Mart., Flora, Beiblatt 1:3. 1839. rrhena floribumia Fisch, & Mey., Bull. Sc. Acad. Petersb. Petioles short, 3 - 6 mm. long, blades elliptic or obovate- 106 PIHiEeT Och OsGy ih Vol. 4, no. 2 elliptic, 3.5 - 6.5 cm. long, 2 - 3 cm. broad, glabrous or when young thinly and sparsely sericeous appressed lepidote, nerves distinct beneath; pedicels surpassing petiole, staminodes and filaments about equal length, briefly connate at base, ovary Seer (Compiled from description, illustration and photo of type. e.- "Crecit arenosis, ad Oceani littus, e.g. prope Cabo frio," Rio de Janeiro, Herb. Mart. 88. (Type photo at Field Mus., Gray Herb.) Tllust.- Miquel (1856, t. 17). Martius observed that this species is perhaps a variety of M. subsericea. Ducke (1950, p. 236, 2hh) stated that it is with Zreat probability a glabrous leaved M. subsericea. At Rio he saw material, from the maritime restingas near the city, with subglabrous leaves forming transitions to the common form with leaves sericeous beneath. 7. MANILKARA SALZMANNI (A.DC.) H. J. Lam, Blumea }:356, 191. Mimusops Salzmanni A.DC., Prodr. 8:205. 18h). ¥. Salzmanm A. mucronata A.DC., loc. cit. Petioles 1.2 — 2.5 cm. long, blades coriaceous, 9.5 - 13 cm. long, lh - 5.7 cm. broad, glabrous, when young with sparse scat- tered appressed hairs, lateral nerves not raised beneath, ret- iculation sometimes impressed. Pedicels deflexed, 1 cm. long, sparsely hairy, sepals ); - 4.3 mm. long, rufous-tomentose, cor- olla-segments 3 - 3.3 mm, long, staminodes shorter or longer than filaments, 1.7 - 2.2 mm, long, 2 -3 laciniate to 0.8 m., filaments 1.7 - 2.5 mm. long, anthers 1.5 mm. long, ovary glab- rous,. Type.- "prope Bahiam in sabulosis maritimus (Salam. ! Blanch. ! coll. lign. n. 218)." Photo of the Geneva specimen of Salzmann 7503 at Field Mus. Type of 4, mucronata: "prov. Bahiensi (Blanch. ; n. 3171)." Isotype of %%. mucronata at Field Mus. ("Bahia, partie méridionale"), Distrib.- Pernambuco, Bahia and Espirito Santo (Ducke 1950, p. 236, 238, 239). Riedel 401 is from Rio de Janeiro, "silv. maritimas pr. Ilheos, Sept. 1026." Riedel fou has petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, blades up to 13 cm. long, 6 cm. broad; staminodes longer than the filaments, almost reaching height of anthers, Lima 9-366, from Dois Irmfos, has short petioles, 5 - 9 mm. long, blades | - 6 cm. long, 1.6 - 2.),; em. broad, midrib raised on upperside; pedicel longer than petiole, staminodes and filaments free, ovary 10- celled, Another collection from Recife (Lima 9-315) has leaves up to 9 cm. long and .5 cm. broad. Froes 20035 and 20071, from Bahia, have relatively short petioles, 6 = 12 m. Tong (sterile branches, leaves near ends of twigs); midrib raised on upper side of blade. The midrib in Blanchet 3171 is slightly or not raised on the leaf upperside; Staminodes and filaments are united at base for a short distance to varying degrees. Ducke states that trees from Mata dos Morros de Dois Irmios, in the suburbs of Recife, are taller and have smaller, narrower leaves than those of the littoral. According to Ducke (1950, p. 2h), Glaziou 11158, evarEEeE Ce M, ea belongs here; M. salzmanni is cultivated in Quinta de 5, Cristovi0, Rio de Janeiro. 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 107 I am doubtful how to interpret the leaf varieties in M. salzmanni, length of petioles, size of blades, and depressed or elevated midrib on the leaf upperside. It is not impossible that some of the material belongs to M. floribunda and the two species intergrade. 8, MANILKARA LONGIFOLIA (A.DC.) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Mar- seille, ser. 3, 3:22. 1915. Mimusops longifolia A.DC., Prodr. 8:205. 18h. Branchlets robust, petioles 2.5 - 6 cm. 1ong, blades coria- ceous, large, 18 - 3h cm. long, 5 - 6.5 cm. broad, glabrous ex- cept for loose evanescent tomentum on midrib of underside, lateral nerves depressed, reticulation depressed. Pedicels ) em. long, rufous tomentose with spreading hairs, flowers large, calyx 8 m. across, sepals 10 mm. long, corolla-tube 1.6 - 1.7 mm. long, segments 5.5 - 6.7 mm. long, irregularly dentate- erose, staminodes broad, 1.6 mm. broad, 2 mm. long, bifid, lac- iniae 0.8 mm. long, deeply cut, filaments 3.3 mm. long, anthers 2.7 mm. long, ovary glabrous. Type.- "circa Bahiam (Blanch. : n. 3172). v. in h. Boiss." "Partie meridionale...18l0" (photo of Geneva specimen of Blanchet 3172A, Field Mus.). Isotypes at Field Mus. and Gray er . Tllust.- Miquel (1856, t. 15). Distrib.- "sul da Bahia e norte do Espirito Santo" (Ducke, 1950, Pp. 33). H.M.Curran 102 (U.S.N.H., det. doubtful), from Rio Grongogy, is a stump sprout; stem slender, pubescent toward apex, peti- oles less than 1.5 cm. long, blades with acumen 1 cm. long, glabrous, veins on underside raised. 9. MANILKARA TRIFLORA (Fr. Allem.) Monachino, comb. nov, Mimusops triflora Fr. Allem., Trab. Comm. Sc. Expl. Seccdo Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1:50, t. 13. 1866. oe Mimusops Glaziovii Raunkiaer ex Warming, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. 663, t. 1, fig. 1, 2. 1889.- pro parte, Glaziou 11157, fide Ducke (1950, p. 2h). Mimusops cearensis Huber, Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 1:320. Small tree, petioles 5 - 10 mm. long, blades small, hl ~ 10 em. long, 1.5 - 5.5 cm. broad, glabrous or midrib on underside sparsely brownish scurfy, lateral nerves not or hardly raised on underside,sretioulation very faint under a lens. Pedicels few in each fascicle, 1 - 3 or rarely more, reflexed or spread- ing, surpassing subtending petiole, 1 - 1.5 cm. long, appressed- pubernlent to almost glabrous in age, sepals 3 - );,2 mm. long, fulvous squamulous, corolla-lobes 3 —- 3.3 mm. long, pubescent, appendages shorter, staminodes deltoid, very short, much shorter than filaments, 0.3 - 0.9 mm. long, acute at apex, little if at all denticulate, filaments 1.5 - 1.7 mm. long, anthers 1.3 - 1.5 mm. long, ovary glabrous, Type.- "habitat in arenosis prope mare," Ceara. "Typo de Freire Allemao no Museu Nacional" (Ducke 1918, p. 16). Syntypes of M. glaziovii; "Glaziou no. 11157 et 11158," Rio de Janeiro. _ (Photo of ITIS8 at Field Mus.). Type of M. cearensis: "hab. endroits bas entre Fortaleza et Bemfica, Parmi les autres arbustes (26)," Cear&, Sept. and Oct. 1897. 108 PH YoR Ont OsEnk, & Vol. h, no. 2 Distrib.- Ceara, Piauhy, Maranhao, Para. Frequent in almost pure sand of dunes, in low plateaux and margins of marshy grounds the length of the Atlantic (Ducke 1950, p. 238), Culti- vated at Museu Paraense (seed received from Piauhy) and in Quinta de S. CristavH#o, Rio de Janeiro. Ducke (1950, p. 235, 238) credits Chevalier with transfer of the species to Manilkara: "Manilkara triflora (Fr. All.) Chev. = Mimusops cearensis Hub." I was unable to locate the combination in the works of Chevalier. The latter did not propose or submit the name to Ducke; the new combination in Ducke's revision was mentioned merely incidentally. 10. MANILKARA RUFULA (Miq.) H. Lam, Blumea ):356, 191. Mimusops rufula Miq., in Mart. Fl. Bras. 7:l. 1856. Very much like M. dardanoi, which is possibly a variety of this. See below for differences. Type.- "Prov. Piauhiensi: Gardner n. 2910. Pl. Hamadrayas.' Isotype at Gray Herb.: "Pernambuco." Two photos and leaf frag- ment at Field Mus. M. rufula in the sense of Ducke is M. bella. 11. MANILKARA DARDANOI Ducke, An. Bras. Econ. Florestal 3(3): 243. 1950. Leaves crowded toward ends of branchlets, petioles 0.5 - 1 em. long, blades coriaceous, obovate, - 9 cm. long, 2.5 - em. broad, when young densely rufous-tomentose on underside with spreading crisped hairs (up to 0.2 mm. long), becoming glabrous except for some hairs occasionally persistent along midrib on upperside, midrib elevated or flattened on upperside, lateral nerves not raised. Pedicels surpassing subtending petiole, 1 - 1.3 cm. long, densely rufous-tomentose with spreading hairs, sepals .3 - h.7 mm. long, corolla-segments 2.9 - h.3 mm. long, staminodes broad, about equal to filaments in length, 1.3 - 1.7 mm. long, 2 - 3-plurifid at apex, base of staminodes and filaments united into a short tube (0.5 mm. high), filaments 1,2 - 1.8 mm. long, anthers 1 mm. long, ovary glabrous, 6-celled, fruit brilliant scarlet and somewhat fus- iform. Type.- "loco alto (Fstrada da Aldeia) prope urbem Recife (Pernambuco), in relictis silvae, specimina florifera et ster- ile cum foliis novellis 2)-VII-1950 legit Dardano A. lima (15.599)." Type tree was destroyed. I have examined authenticated M. dardanoi, Ducke & Lima 8 and Ducke 8-X-1951 from Recife. The Leaves differ from those of the Gray Herbarium isotype of M. rvufula in the more rapid and complete loss of indumentum on the underside. Some hairs become grey and persist on the leaf undersurface of M. rufula isotype and the depressed reticulation of veinlets presents _ more of a blistered appearance to the leaf surface. The tom- entum in M. dardanoi consists of slightly more spreading and crisped hairs; the pedicels are somewhat thicker. Corollas were lacking in the M. rufula examined. M. dardanoi and M, rufula are alike in their short petioles, the unraiSed lateral nerves, and in the character of indumentum on the sepals. 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 109 12, MANILKARA EXCELSA (Ducke) Standl., Trop. Woods 34:1. 1933. Mimusops excelsa Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro Petioles 1.5 - 2 cm. long, tomentose, blades thin, ellip- tic, 10 em. long, 2.5 - 3.5 cm. broad, usually acuminate at apex, matured leaves rufous-tomentose along midrib on under- side, hairs spreading, crisped, grey-pilose along midrib on upperside, lateral nerves somewhat clear on underside, retic- ulation fine. Pedicels shorter than petiole, sepals 5 m, long, rufous tomentose with spreading hairs, corolla-segments 3 mm, long, staminodes 1,8 mm. long, bifid to 0.8 mn., lacin- jae acute, staminodes and filaments united at base into tube 0.8 mm, long, filaments 1.3 mm. long, inflexed at tip, anthers 1.5 mm. long, ovary appressed pubescent. Type.- "Frequentissima ad medium Tapajéz in silvis rip- ariis, specimina prope S. Luiz 1. A. Ducke, florifera 26-8-1916 n. 16.380, fructifera 8-12-1915 n. 15.863," Para. Lectotype selected by me: Ducke 16380. Isotype at U.S.N.H. Ducke 15863 and 16380 "na beira da Ccachoeira Maranh@ozinho" (Ducke 1950, p. 242). J } Distrib.- Para, middle course of Rio Tapajoz, chiefly along the cataracts in not too deeply flooded forests. Leaf shape, tomentum and venation of M. excelsa somewhat recall M. zapotilla. Attains great size almost equal to that of M. huberi (Ducke 1950, p. 2h2). 13. MANILKARA PUBICARPA Monachino, sp. nov. Arbor, petiolis 1.8 - 3.5 cm. longis, laminis glabris (7-)9 - 14.5 cm. longis, (3.5-)5 - 7 cm. latis, reticulo nerv- arum debili; pedicellis 2.5 - 2.7 cm. longis parce puberulis, sepalis )} - .7 mm. longis extus rubiginoso-tomentosis, lobis perianthii ca. ) mm. longis, filamentis 2 mm. longis, antheris 1.7 mm. longis, staminodiis filamentos paullo excedentibus, ad apicem bidentatis, ovario dense pubescenti. Stem glabrescent, the young growth and buds rusty puberu- lent, petioles slightly puberulent, more densely so near base, blades chartaceous or at least relatively thin, paler beneath, oblong-elliptic, broadly cuneate at base, the apex a little narrowed, obtuse or acutish, sometimes slightly folded along midrib. Flowers white, 5 - 2 in each axil, pedicels spreading, straight or slightly curved, slender, gradually slightly broadened toward apex, ca. 0.7 mm. across at base, 1.3 mm. at apex, minutely sparsely puberulent, sepals reflexed or spread- ing at anthesis, ovate-oblong, or inner ones oblong, obtuse at apex, minutely rusty appressed tomentulose outside, slightly puberulent near margins within, corolla-tube ca. 0.7 mm. long, corolla-lobes ca. 3.5 mm. long, appendages },.3 mm, long, staminodes 0.8 mm. broad, 2 mm, long, oblongish, sharply bi- dentate at apex, laciniae 0.5 - 0.8 mm. long, filaments ca. 2 mm, long, anthers 1.7 mm. long, ovary and base of style densely pubescent with appressed hairs, les 6. Known only from Type.- Wilson-Browme 1,50 (record No. 5860), British Guiana, Wabuwak, Kanuku Mts., 2000 feet, “Bastard Bal- ata," tall tree of rain forest, white latex; deposited at The New York Botanical Garden. Whereas the ovaries are pubescent in 12 out of the 13 spec- 110 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 ies (the exception is M. bidentata) of North America treated by Cronquist, those of the great majority of South America (ex- clusive of the Achras group) are glabrous, 1h. MANILKARA LONGICILIATA Ducke (vel Mimusops longiciliata Ducke), Trop. Woods 71:22, 192. Manilkara longiciliata Ducke, An. Bras, Ec. Florestal . 9 ° Ue Petioles 1.5 - 3.5 cm. long, blades obovate, large, 7 - 1h em. long, )}.5 - 8 cm. broad, underside with closely appressed furfuraceous indumentum overlaid with resin or appearing glab- rous (close scurf on midrib), lateral nerves more or less raised on underside, reticulation not clear (in young leaves intricate and fine, veinlets slightly raised). Pedicels 2 cm. long, pale scurfy-tomentulose, sepals 5 - 5.7 mm, long, cor- olla-segments ).5 mm. long, staminodes 3 m. long, profoundly bilobed, tips thread-like, base of staminodes and filaments united into a short tube, filaments 2.2 mm. long, anthers 1.5 mm, long, ovary glabrous. Type.- "Esperanga ad ostium fluminis Javary in civitate Amazonas, loco alto in relictis silvae. Mense Februario 192 fructificabat, Maio florebat. Ducke 91." Lectotype selected by me: Ducke 91, flowering specimen collected in May. Iso- type at N.Y.B.G. Distrib.- Brazil (Amazonas, Solimdes and Rio Negro), terra firme. 15. MANILKARA INUNDaTA (Ducke) Ducke, Trop. Woods 71:22, 19h2. Mimusops inundata Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio de aneiro 4:50. 1938. Petioles 1.5 - 3.5 cm. long, blades thin, elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate, 7 - 16 cm. long, 2.5 - 5 cm. broad, glabrous, lateral nerves faint, reticulation obscure on the underside, fine and very slightly elevated under a lens. Pedicels 1.5 - 2 cm. long, loosely tomentulose, sepals .7 mm. long, tomen- tulose, corolla-segments 6 mm. long, staminodes 3,3 mm. long, profoundly bifid, tips thread-like, base of staminodes and fil- aments united in a tube 0.6 - 0.8 mm. long, filaments 1.8 mn. long, anthers 2 mm. long, ovary glabrous. Type.- "Frequens in regione fluminis Madeira inferius prope Humayta, silva periodice inundabili inter fluvium et lacum Paraiso, 26-6-1936, leg. A. Ducke, H.J.B.R. 34.979 et Ducke 216." Lectotype selected by me Ducke 216 (isotype at N.Y.B.G.) Distrib.- Brazil (Amazonas, Matto Grosso, Sdo Paulo de Olivenca), Bolivia (flowering material, H.H.Rusby 729, Junction of Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, Aug. 1886; cited as M. surin- amensis by Britton in 1893, and annotated by Gilly in I9)2 as a mew Species named in honor of Rusby), Peru (fruiting mater—- ial, det. doubtful, Tessmann 5):55a, Yarina Cocha; fr.-pedicels very long, up to 3.5 cm.), Colombia (specimens lacking cor- ollas collected in 195-6 by Schultes & Black in Amazonas appear to belong here). "VAdrzea forest, seldom in upland forest on moist and fertile clay loam" (Ducke). As a footnote in the original description of Mimusops in- undata in 1938, Ducke wrote: "ce nom devra étre remplacé por Wanilkara inundata Ducke, dans le cas oi Manilkara sera main- tenu comme genre.” Some would hold this as nomen provisorium. 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 111 16, MANILKARA SURINAMENSIS (Miq.) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Col. Mar- seille, ser. 3, 3:22. 1915. Mimusops surinamensis Miq., in Mart. Fl. Bras. 7:h3. 1863. Wimusops amazonica Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi ):33. 190h. Wimu Sops Maparajuba Huber, op. cit. h3l. - excl. seeds, fide Ducke CLo50, p. 236). Manilkara amazonica Chev., Rev. buv. appl. & Agr. Trop. 2270, 1930; otandl., Trop. Woods 3:1. 1933. Petioles 1.3 - 3 cm. long, blades 6 - 11.5 ecm. long, 2.5 - 5.7 cm. broad, glabrous, lateral nerves raised on underside and reticulation minutely but clearly prominulous (in old coriace- ous leaves character sometimes obscured by minutely bullate surface). Pedicels spreading, 12 mm. long, glabrous, flowers usually small, sepals 2.7 - 5.5 mm. long, the outer with a sparse minute appressed squamulae, corolla-tube 0.5 - 1 m. long, segments 2.3 - 4.3 mum. long, staminodes 1 - 2.3 mm. long, lightly 2 - 3 dentate to deeply laciniate, filaments 1.5 - 2 mm, long, anthers 0.7 - 1.6 mm. long, ovary glabrous. Type.- "Habitat ad flumina Cassiquiari, Vasiva et Pacimoni: Spruce n. 3351 et 3319. In terra Surinamensi: Hostmann n. 739 et 739a." Lectotype selected by me: Spruce 3351 (isotype at N.Y.B.G.). Type of M. amazonica: "temos especimens proveni- entes das matas da eStrada de ferro de Braganga." Possibly J.Bouby 2572 (sterile specimen with young fruit, and photo at WY-Bey Ducke (1950, p. 236) wrote that the type is Herb. Mus. Para 2527, not collected by Huber, with sparse flowers or past anthesis; in the hortus of Museu Paraense there are trees left by Huber with the name M. amazonica, but only one belongs truly to this species, the three others representing M. siqueiraei. Ducke's citation of number 2527 may be an error for Ee Type of M. maparajuba: "achei esta especie no rio Capim," Par&. Photo of fates 855, Rio Capim, Acari-ugafia, 27-VI-1897, "Maparajuba,” at N.Y.B.G. Distrib.- Brazil (Amazonas, Par4, Maranhao), Venezuela, probably Colombia. Exclusively on sandy soil, upland rain for- ests and in varzea forests; prefers terra firme, but occurs in inundated places; found along rivers with clear or "preta" black) water, not in varzea inundated by muddy or "branca" white) water; the most frequent species of the Amazon area Ducke, reference to M. amazonica), Eyma (1936, p. 208) wrote that Hostmann 739 in the Utrecht Herbarium has not a single coroJla and the sheet of Hostmann 739a in Paris is not much better. These specimens are deter mined as M, bidentata by him. Ducke (1950, p. 20) rejected the Hostmann Collections from M. surinamensis. A photo of 739a at Field Museum (ex Mus. Bot. Hauniense) Looks like M. biden- tata. The original description of M. surinamensis agrees with the Spruce plant. yi ava ter A good example of variation in the staminodes of this spec- ies can be observed in Ducke 189 from Amazonas. The staminodes are either very shallowly dentate or deeply bifid. As many as 3 quite different staminodes can be found in the same flower, The same staminode was observed to have one of the two lobes O.h mm. and the other 2.0 mm. long. Ducke examined a Spruce Cassiquiari isotype and knows typi- 112 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. ly, Nene cal M, surinamensis in the field. He is also intimate with typical M, amazonica,. He maintains the two species distinct; in his letter to me (Nov. 19, 1951), he wrote that M. surinamensis, certainly affin- itive with M. amazonica, has usually larger leaves, more indu- mentum, and narrowly bifid staminodes. Ducke has seen hundreds of M, amazonica cut for chicle but never for balata, 17. MANILKARA BIDENTATA (A.DC.) Chev., Rev. Bot. & Agr. 12:270. 1932. Mimusops bidentata A.DC., Prodr, 8:20). 18h). Synonymy by Cronquist (195, p. 553) includes the follow- ing: M. sieberi, M. riedleana, M. nitida, M. dariensis, Mimusops balata of Pierre and Manilkara balata of Dubard, and other authors, belong here. Mimusops pDierreana Baillon (nub- lished as synonym of M, balata). ?Sapota mulleri Blume ex Bleekrod (Eyma: type, fruiting material, at Pb. Leiden, Cheval- ier. Engler. Pierre), Achras balata Aublet is the Old World Mimisops commersonii Engler, according to Chevalier (1922, p. 267); however, Pierre and Urban (190), p. 165) stated that specimens of Achras balata Anblet in the Jussieu herbarium re- semble exactly those of Richard's, type of M. bidentata A.DC. Petioles 2 - li.5 cm. long, blades large, 8 —- 29 cm. long, 3.5 - 10 cm. broad, undersides scurfy, puberulent or apparently glabrous and vernicose (different varieties ?) midrib on upper- side raised or hardly so, lateral nerves raised on lower side, reticulation obscure or faintly prominulous (clear in young leaves). Pedicels shorter than or about equal to subtending petiole, slightly puberulent, sepals 5 mm. long, scurfy, cor- olla-segments 3.5 - 4.6 mm. long, staminodes very variable (different varieties ?), shorter than filaments, 1 - 1.) mn. long, apex acute, with 1 or 2 lateral teeth or irregularly cleft or dentate to different depths, filaments 2 mm. long, anthers 1.8 mm. long, ovary glabrous. } Type.~ "in Guayana gallica...7. in h. Deless," "Typifiee par un échantillon de Lowis-Claude Richard récolte a la Guyane francaise en 1781" (Chevalier 1922, p. 270). llust.- Chevalier (1922, t. 8, photo "cotype de 1'Herbier du Museum." T. 9, photo "No. 221. Jeaune d'oeuf," with notes by Avblet; named M, bidentata var. schonburgkii by Pierre. P, 353, t. 10, A& B, micro. trans. & long. sect. wood). Engler (190, p. 61, fig. 12, A-E, var. muelleri. F-N, var. schom- premise Engler (1891, as M. balata Gaertn., shows entire Staminodes). Spoon (1927, fig. 1, “Bolletrie in oerwould bij de Avanavero-vallen, Suriname," photo full length tree by A. Pulle. Fig. 2, photo trunk by G. Stahel. Fig. 3, anatomical. P. li, 5&6, hab. & micro., as M. globosa.) Pfeiffer (1926, anatomical, as M. surinamensis). Distrib,- West’ Indies (Cronquist), Guianas, Venezuela, Brazil (Amazonas, Para). According to Ducke, in Brazil ob- served only on hill and mountain forests in extreme northeastern Amazonas and probably exists in the extreme north of Para; _ mountains of Rio Branco. "Altos R. Erepecuri, Curu4, Maicuri e Para" (P. Le Cointe, Arvores e Plantas Uteis, p. 9. 193). M. bidentata is a very important balata and timber tree. The literature concerning it is much greater than indicated 1952 Monachino, South American Manilkara 113 above. Taxonomic understanding regarding it, however, is in greater confusion than it is for any other species in the genus. At least 8 varieties have been proposed. Eyma prefers to ex- clude vars. sieberi and melinonis from M. bidentata. Ducke (letter of Oct. 20, 1951) writes that a specimen of Ule's collection from Roraima, distributed as M. bidentata is certainly another species. Ducke (1938, p. 57) stated that Ule 8728, Rio Cuquenan, vic. Mt. Roraima, has very hard, absol- utely flabrous leaves, tomentose flowers, sepals externally covered with a layer of glutinous resin. I have not seen Ule 8728. A collection from British Guiana (For.Dept.Brit.GuilF. 2717, Record No. 5516, 90 mls. Bartica-Potaro toad, 25 Oct. T9i7, Dicymbe-Eperia forest on white sand) is a strongly resin- iferois form or variety of M. bidentata, with rigid glabrous leaves. The outer sepals appear glabrous, perhaps becanse of the close coating of resin. The staminodes are obovate, 2-l) short-toothed at each side of the terminal cusp. This tree is called "Black Balata" and said to have plentiful latex which does not coagulate. Tutin 202 from Surinam and Sagot 836 from French Guiana resemble it, and perhaps so does Hostmann 739a (photo at Field Mus.), which was cited by Miquel in the origin- al descrivtion of M. surinamensis. Froes 1920 from Maranhao is somewhat intermediate between it and W. Siqueiraei, "Black Balata" is applied to M. huberi, an altogether different spec- ies, while M. bidentata is called "true or commercial balata." If the Sort with coriaceous vernicose glabrous leaves rep- resents a variety, its name must await study of the whole M, bidentata complex thronghout its vast distribution. The type of M. bidentata was described as hairy: "foliis...subtus pilis minimis adpressis obscure velutinis." Ducke (letter of March 30, 1952) suggested that the bidentata complex be separated into two groups, "balata" trees and "chicle" trees. He does not suppose that the same species would vield both kinds of gum He was informed at Manaus that the Venezuelan rame "Pendare” used throughout the upper Kio Branco basin refers exclusively to chicle trees and never to balata trees. (However, Steyermark 60610, a sterile specimen from Ptaritepui, Bolivar, Venezuela, is MW. bidentata). I thonght that a mass study of variation in a closed area such as Trinidad would add to clarifying the prob- lem. R, S, Avliffe, of the Forest Department in Trinidad, wrote (Feb. 21, 1952) that the study will not be an easy matter for "Vanilkara bidentata is, of course, one of our first class trees. It is a very large tree and has been largely cut over in the past for its durable wood, so that it is scarce now," H. W. Youngken examined microscopically very small leaf sec- tions of M. bidentata, Fansnawe 200, F.C.Foote s.n., BW. 1152, Schomburgk 780. He reported (letters of Feb. IL & 27, 2 that the So-called pubescence is an illusory one; it is largely due to waxv cuticular scales, granulations and low cuticular emergences. 17a. MANILKARA SIQUEIRAEI Ducke (vel Mimusops siqueiraei Ducke), Trop. Woods 71:2h. 19h2. Flowers (Ducke 12h1, Froes 203hh) larger than those of IM. bidentata; staminodes irrefularly dentate. Leaves resemble those of the glabrous forms of M. bidentata; sepals 6 - 7 m. 114 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. , noswe long, corolla-segments 5.3 - 5.7 mm. long, staminodes 1,8 - 2 mm. long, slightly shorter than filaments, Type.- "specimina florifera lecta ad flumen Magoary prope Belém, 15-6-19);2, D. ous." Distrib.- ParAf, Maranhao. Huber left 3 trees cultivated in Horto do Museu Paraense (Ducke, 1950, p. 235, 236). Ducke (Jan. 1, 1952) wrote that M. bidentata, which yields the balata of superior quality, has except in very old age a tenuous sericeous indumentum on the lower surface of the leaves, never observed in M. siqueiraei. And again (letter of May 29,. 1952) that the balata-yielding Manilkara of the Guianas and the Brazilian boundary is certainly a species independent from M. siqueiraei. All balateiros say it can be recognized by the pale, a bit silky, undersurface of the leaves. Ducke argues that M. bidentata grows exclusively on hills and mountains, according to all balateiros, M. siqueiraei (Ducke, 1950, p. 239) is found in Igapé, along rivers inundated by sometimes brackish water. It is different from the bidentata complex (letter Nov. 19, 1951) by its habitat in Swamp land chiefly with brackish water in eastern Par&. The latex is not ex- ploited for balata or chicle, Very small leaf-sections of Ducke 121, typical M, siqnueir- aei from Belém, and Maguire & Fanshawe 23506, a glabrous form of M. bidentata from British Guiana, were sent to Youngken for histological study, Dr. Youngken examined these tiny segments microscopically in surface and transverse sections and report- ed (Feb. 1h, 1952): "There is no real significant difference histologically...I found no real difference between the stom- atal apparatus." M,. Siqueiraei belongs in, or in the neighborhood of, the M. Apso complex; it is not placed in the synonymy of the Tatter on the authority of Ducke. 18, MANILKARA WILLIAMSII Standl., Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 22(3): 165. 1910. Tree 26 - 30 meters or taller, petioles 2 - 3.5 cm. long, black, blades coriaceous, obovate, 2 - 12 cm. long, 4.5 - 7 em. broad, rounded-emarginate at apex, markedly anc sharply cuneate toward base, minutely puberulent beneath with very short appressed hairs, lateral nerves raised on underside, reticulation obscure. Flowers in bud only. Ovary glabrous, about 10-celled. Type.- "Venezuela: Guayapo, Bajo Caura, Estado de Bolivar, alt. 100 meters, April 18, 1939, Llewelyn Williams 11860 (type in Herb. Field Mus.)." Isotype at N.Y.5.¢C. Tree found in low ground that is not very wet, and also in high forests that are not Pivoded, Said to grow in abundance in the mountains of Nichare, Icuta, Tres Picos, below Salto de Para, and in the vicinity of Cafio de Pablo and Erebato, above Salto. Latex abundant, sticky, the balata of commerce. Fruit has an edible pulp. Local name "purguo." Except for the very striking cuneate leaf-base, this species has wholly the aspect of forms of M. bidentata. Its specific distinction from M, bidentata remains to be proven. 1952 Monachino, South American lanilkara 115 19, MANILKARA sp. indet. (Horto Rio de Janeiro culta). Branchlets robust, grey, covered with minute appressed res- inous squamulae, leaves with aspect of those of M, longifolia except for indumentum, petioles 2.5 - 3.5 cm. long, minutely squamulous like the branchlets, blades coriaceous, 15 - 26 cm. long, 5 - 9 cm. broad, greatly tapering at base, rounded-emarg- inate and slightly conduplicate at apex, underside closely in- vested with minute appressed resinous flakes, or subpulverulent gummy, lateral nerves faint. Pedicels reflexed or spreacing, brown, 2.5 cm. long, viscid appressed puberulent, calyx h.8 - 5 mm. across, sepals 5.3 m. long, scurfy, acutish at apex, corolla-tube 2 mm. long, segments l.8 - 5.5 mm. long, append- ages shorter than hobes, acute, staminodes carnose, peg-like, much shorter than filamerts, 0.7 mm. long, entire or shallowly bidentate, filaments 2.2 - 2.7 mm. long, anthers 3.3 mm, long, ovary glabrous, cells 10 - 12. A.Ducke 2):06, Horto Bot. Rio de Janeiro culta, X-1928, arbor parva flor. albidis, "Mimusops balata Gaertn," (U.S.N.H.3 frag. at N.Y.B.G.). Also examined H.M.Curran 327, Bot. Gd., Rio de Janeiro, Nov. 1915, 30 ft. x 12 in., "Mimusops balata" (U.S.N.H., frag. at N.Y.B.G.) This is nearest M. bidentata, of the known American species. I have not succeeded in identifying it with any of the Old World Sapotaceae. Ducke (letter of March 30, 1952) informed me that it seems to have been introduced by Barbosa Rodrigues from some botanical garden. Ducke has sent material to Sandwith and Eyma, but has not yet received an answer. Barbosa Rodrigues (1893) listed the cultivation of "Mimusops balata Gaertn." Material of South American Manilkara was borrowed from var- ious institutions in the hope of discovering a collection of this species from wild plants, perhaps confused with M. longi- folia. I shall leave the plant unnamed until its nativity is own. 20. MANILKARA CALCTCOLA var. COLOMBIANA Gilly, Tron. Woods 73:17. 193. - Placed in synonymy of M, chicle (Pitt.) Gilly’ by Cronquist (195, p. 561), ~~) Petioles 2 — 3.5 cm. long, subscurfy, blaces (12-)lh - 18(-20) em. long, 4.5 - 9 cm. broad, subvernicose beneath, glabrous at maturity or the scurfy indumentum vaguely detect- able beneath the resin, lateral nerves somewhat raised on under- side, reticulation not marked. Pedicels ca, }; in each axil, 2 cm. long, sepals 7 - 68 mm. long, greyisn-tomentose outside, corolla-tube 2 - 2,); mm. long, lobes 5 - & mm. long, elliptic, entire, staminodes 2,8 - mn. long, acute, irregularly erose or laciniate, filaments 2.7 mm. long, anthers of about equal length, ovary appressed tomentose. Type.- "Colombia: Dept. Choco: Darien Country, Dawe 868 (N.¥. - type, U.S.)." Type of M. chicle: Pittier 8537, cGuate- mala, Izabel, . ee, 2)., MANILKARA MERIDIONALIS Gilly, Trop. Woods 73:12. 19);3. ¥, meridionalis var. caribbensis Gilly, op. cit. 13. - syn. fide Cronquist (19L5, p. 560. Also M. tabogaensis Gilly and M. rojasii Gilly}. <> Sy oe ees cow Es 116 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 2 Similar to M, zapotilla. Appendages and lobes about ) mm. long, united 1/3 - their length, staminodes 2.5 - 6 mm. long. Type.- "Costa Rica: Punta Arenas: Esparta, Feb. 1909, Biolley 17308 (NY photo & frag., US-Type)." Type of var. CaribbensSis: "Venezuela: Isle Margarita, El Valle, July 1901, Filler & Johnston 103 (Gray-Type, NY photo)." Distrib.— Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela, introduced. (?) in West Indies (Cronqvist). 22, MANILKARA ZAPOTILLA (Jacq.) Gilly, Trop. Woods 73:20. 19))3. Achras zapota B zapotilla Jacq., Stirp. Amer. 57, t. hil. Sapota Achras Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. .1768. Achras zapotilla Nutt., N. An. Sylv. 3:28, 189. "Achras zapota L." of authors, not L. 1753. For further synonymy see Gilly (193, p. 20). Cronquist adds to the synonymy the following ) Gilly species of Manil- kara: calderonii, conzatii, gaumeri, breviloba. Petioles 1.5 - 2.5 cm. long, blades 5 —- 15 cm. long, 2 - 5 - em. broad, densely rvfous-tomentose with spreading hairs when young, at maturity glabrous or tomentum remaining at base of petiole, sometimes also on midrib on underside, lateral nerves not prominent, reticulation minutely prominulous under lens. Pedicel solitary in the axil, 1.5 cm. long, rufous-tomentose with spreading hairs, sepals likewise woolly, 7 - 9 mm. long, corolla-tube and lobes about equal in length, appendages con- nate with the lobe forming single segments, entire or variously and irregularly denticulate at apex, staminodes about length of corolla-lobes, filaments inserted slightly below orifice of corolla-tube, 1.3 mm. long, anther 2 mm. long, ovary tomentose. Type.- "Brown, jam. 2, p. 200: Sloan. hist. jam. 2, p. 171, t. 230; Plum. gen. 13, sapota fructu turbinato minori." "Des- cription and figure in Browne's Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, p. 200, pl. 19" (Cronquist). Browne's description was under Achras I, The Sapodilla Tree; his illustration, fig. 3 of ta 19. Tllust.- There are a great many illustrations of this econ- omically important tree. Curtis (Bot. Mag. 58, t. 3111, 3112, 1831). Descourtilz (Fl. Pitt. & Med. Antilles lh, t. 259. 1827). Roques (Pl. Usuell. Indig. & Exot. 2, t. 32. 1802). Engler (1891, fig. 72, 73). Miquel (1856, t. 22, 23). L. H. Bailey's Revised Ed. of Manual of Cultivated Plants (1919), p. 790, fig. 162, Aa, fruiting branch, is M. zapotilla, not Calocarpum sapota, as named. Distrib.- Central America, Mexico, West Indies, Florida. Cultivated in all warm countries and sometimes escaped. South America: Colombia (Bolivar, vic. Turbaco, clearing, Killip & Smith 11:8. Vallée du Magdalena & Mariquita, Triana 2605). Brazil (Ceara, Fortaleza, open woods, Drouet 2 ‘ Achras ferruginea Casar. and A. tchicomame Perr., referred to A. sapota by Index Kewensis, are not of Manilkara. “The fates the on the plant is very extensive. If the tax- on is a species-complex in the sense of Gilly there is little precision regarding the species treated. 1952 Monachino, South American lianilkara 117 SUMMARY In the present revision of the South American species of Manilkara 3 new species are proposed: M. pubicarpa is based on a new collection from British Guiana, whereas YW. bella and M. duckei are based on new interpretation of old collections from Southern Brazil. M. elata is identified with M. huberi as a result of study of type material. The species treated number 23: 20 are of Enmanilkara (3 being doubtfully distinct) and 3 are of Achras. One of the Eumanilkara, cultivated at Rio de Janeiro, is described, but not named. A key, descriptions, synonymy, and references to literature are presented. REFERENCES TO LITERATURE Allemao, F. 1866. Consideragaes sobre as plantas medecinaes da flora Cearaénsis. Trabalhos da Commiss3o Scientifica de Exploracao. Secg4o Botanica Rio de Janeiro 1:l5-52. T. poe ie Barbosa Rodrigues, J. 1893. Enumeratio Plantarum in Horto Botanico Fluminensi Culturum. P. 12, Beekrod, S. 1857. Notice sur la Gutta-Percha de Surinam. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, ser. h, 73223-228, Britton, N. L. 1893. An enumeration of the plants collected by Dr. H. H. Rusby in South America, 1885-1886. - XXIII. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 20:1}0. Campos Porto, P. 1936. Plantas indigenas e exoticas proven- iente da Amazonia, cultivadas no Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Rodriquésia 2(5):1h8-1h9. Chevalier, A. 1932. Les vrais et les faux Balatas. Revue de Botanique Appliquée & d'Agriculture Tropicale 12(128):242- 282. T. 8, 9. 12(192):3h7, 349-35). T. 10. Cronquist, A. 1945. Studies in the Sapotaceae - IV. The North American species of Manilkara. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 72(6):550-S562. Cronquist, A. 1946, Studies in the Sapotaceae - II. Survey of the North American genera. Lloydia 9:2)2-2)3, 2h, 291-292 DeCandolle, A. 18. Sapotaceae. Prodromis Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 8:20-207. Dubard, M. 1915. Les Sapotacées du groupe des Sideroxylinées- Mimusopées. Annales du Musee Colonial de Marseille, ser. 3, 321-62. Fig. 1-27. Ducke, A. 1918. As especies de Massaranduba (genero Mimusops L.) descriptas pelo botanico brasileiro Francisco Freiro Allem3o. Archivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 2:11-16. Fig. pe lh, 15, Tr. 7) Nps Ducke, A. 1922. Plantes nouvelles ou peu connues de la région amazonienne (11© Partie). Archivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. P. 235-239. Fig. 2-c. Ducke, A. 1938. Plantes nouvelles ou peu connues de la region Amazonienne (X© série). Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal )(1):56-58. Ducke, A. 1942. New and noteworthy Sapotaceae of Brazilian Amazonia. Tropical Woods 71:21-25, Ducke, A. 1950. As Magarandubas Amazénicas. Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal 3(3):231-2h). 118 Poa Fee CAO GL & Vol. h, no. 2 Engler, A. 1891. Sapotaceae. In Engler & Prantl, Die nattir- lichen Pflanzenfamilien }(1):137-138, 150-151. Fig. 72, 735 82, A-D. Engler, A. 190i. VIII. Sapotaceae. Monographieen Afrikan- ischer Pflanzen-familien und -gattungen. Pp. 52, 60-62. Fig. 12. Eyma, P. J. 1936. Notes on Guiana Sapotaceae. Recueil des Travaux Botaniques neerlandais 33:20l-210. Fischer, F. E. L. & Meyer, C. A. 181. Ueber eine neue Pflanzengattung aus Brasilien. Bulletin Scientifique public par 1'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint- Petersbourg 8:253-256. Gilly, C. L. 193. Studies in the Sapotaceae, II. The Sapodilla-Nispero complex. Tropical Woods 73:1-22, Hiller, J. M. 1911. Balata. Mimusops bidentata DC. Kew Bull- etin of Miscellaneous Information 1911:198-202. Huber, J. 190i. Arvores de borracha e de balata da regixo amazonica. Boletim do Museu Goeldi h:h28-)37. Lam, H. J. 1925. The Sapotaceae, Sarcospermaceae and Boerlag- ellaceae of the Dutch East Indies and surrounding countries (Malay Peninsula and Philippine Islands), Bulletin du Jar- din Botanique, Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 7:218-219, 238. Lam, H. J. 1911. Note on the Sapotaceae-Mimusopoideae in gen- eral and on the far-eastern Manilkara-allies in particular. Blumea }:(2):323-358. Fig. 1-9. Miquel, F. A. G, 1856. Sapotaceae. In Martius, Flora Brasil- iensis. Pp. 39-5, 58-60, 109-118. T. 15-17, 22, 23. Pfeiffer, J. P. 1926. De Houtsoorten van Suriname. Deel 1. Koninklijke Vereeniging Koloniaal Institut Amsterdam. Mededeeling No. 22, Afdeeling Handelsmuseum No. 6. P. 23, h2h=hO7.. Tate2s Bigs Ors Pierre, L. 1885. Plantes a Gutta-percha. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linéenne de Paris 6h:505-508, Pierre, L, & Urban, I. 190i. Sapotaceae. In Urban, Symbolae Antillanae seu Fundamenta Florae Indiae Occidentalis S(fasc. 1):96-97, 162-176. Pittier, H. 1919. On the origin of chicle with descriptions of two new species of Achras. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 9(15):h31-h38. Raunkiaer, C. 1889. Sapotaceae (herbarii Hauniensis), a clar. Dr. A. Glaziou lectae. In Warming, Symbolae ad floram Brasiliae centralis cognoscendam. Particula XXXI. Videns- kabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn 1889:1-3. T. 1. Saldanha da Gama, J. de. 1872. Configuragdo e Estudo Botanico dos Vegetaes Seculares da Provincia do Rio de Janeiro e de Outros Ponctos io Brasil, Terceira Parte. P. 35-1. T. 20. Spoon, W. 1927. Iets over de samenstellung van Balata-melk uit Suriname. Berichten van de Afdeeling Handelsmuseum van de Kon. Vereeniging Koloniaal Instituut. No. 33. P. 3-13. Fig. 1-3. Standley, P. ©. 1933. New names for tropical American trees. Tropical Woods 3h:)1. THE KNOWN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE VERBENACEAE, AVICENNIACEAE, STILBACEAE, SYMPHOREMACEAE, AND ERIOCAULACEAE. SUPPLEMENT 9 Harold N. Moldenke Since the publication of the last previous installment of my supplements to this geographic distribution enumeration some 1375 additional specimens have come to hand and have been stud- ied and annotated by me, bringing to 139,47 the total of speci- mens thus examined. This new material is from the following her- baria: Meisner Herbarium, Torrey Herbarium, and Britton Herbari- um, all at the New York Botanical Garden, North Queensland Her- barium at Cairns, Botanisches Museum en Herbarium at Utrecht, Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg, United States National Her- barium at Washington, and the herbaria of the Melbourne Botanic Garden at Melbourne, the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet at Stock- holm, the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna, and the Estacion Experimental Agronomica at Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. Study of this material has brought to light 2 new county records, 88 new state, province, or department records, and 157 new country or island records not hitherto listed by me, It has also revealed several corrections and emendations which must be made on the original list published by me in the year 199. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Texas: Verbena gooddingii Briq. [Brewster County] Oregon: Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Deschutes County] BRITISH HONDURAS: Tonina fluviatilis Aubl. COSTA RICA: Tonina fluviatilis Aubl. [Limén & San José] CUBA: Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl [Oriente] Syngonanthus lagopodioides (Griseb.) Ruhl. [Las Villas] Tonina fluviatilis Aubl. [Pinar del Rfo] JAMAICA: Lantana camara f. parvifolia Moldenke Lantana fucata var. antillana Moldenke GUADELOUPE: 5 ace Lantana fucata Lindl. is to be deleted Lantana fucata var. antillana Moldenke MARTE GALANTE: Lantana fucata Lindl. is to be deleted Lantana fucata var. antillana Moldenke LOS SAINTFS: Lantana fucata Lindl. is to be deleted 119 120 PHETOLOGHLEA Vol. h, no. 2 Lantana fucata var. antillana Moldenke MARTINIQUE: Lantana fucata var. antillana Moldenke COLOMBIA: Amasonia lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. [Méta] Bouchea prismatica (L.) Kuntze [Huila] Citharexylum karstenii var. lanceolatum Moldenke [Huila] Paepalanthus killipii Moldenke -- delete the asterisk Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [Huila] VENEZUELA : Paepalanthus killipii Moldenke [Bolfvar] Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl. [Amazonas] BRITISH GUIANA: Syngonanthus huberi Ruhl. ECUADOR: Eriocaulon microcephalum H.B.K. [Tunguragua] PERU: Aloysia fiebrigii (Hayek) Moldenke [Ayacucho] Lantana reptans Hayek [Huancavelica] Petrea maynensis Huber [Huanuco] Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. [Loreto] BRAZIL: Aegiphila salticola Moldenke -- delete the asterisk Eriocaulon crassiscapum Bong. [Paran4] Eriocaulon modestum f. viviparum Herzog [Paran4] Eriocaulon sellowianum var. longifolium Moldenke [Paran4] — delete the asterisk Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. [Paran4] Lantana radula Sw. [Paran4] Paepalanthus caparotnsis Ruhl. [Espiritu Santo] Paepalanthus catharinae Ruhl. [Paran4] Paepalanthus planifolius var. conduplicatus Ruhl. [Paran4] Syngonanthus densiflorus (Ktrn.) Ruhl. [Nattogrosso] Syngonanthus fischerianus (Bong.) Ruhl. [Paran4] Syngonanthus gracilis (Ktrn.) Ruhl. [Goyaz] Syngonanthus gracilis var. amazonicus Ruhl. [Mattogrosso] Syngonanthus gracilis var. aureus Ruhl. [Mattogrosso] Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl. [S80 Paulo] Syngonanthus gracilis var. koernickeanus Ruhl. [Par4] Syngonanthus helminthorrhizus (Mart.) Ruhl. -- delete the as- terisk Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhl. [Goyaz, Mattogrosso, & Par- an&] — delete the asterisk Syngonanthus nitens var. koernickei Ruhl. [Paran4] -- delete the asterisk Syngonanthus nitens f, malmii Moldenke [Mattogrosso]* Syngonanthus nitens f. pilosus Moldenke [Mattogrosso]* Syngonanthus niveus var. rosulatus (Ktrn.) Moldenke [S%o 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 121 Paulo] Syngonanthus ulei Ruhl. [Par4] Verbena caniuensis Moldenke [Paran4]* Verbena gracilescens (Cham.) Herter [Santa Catharina] ~* SAO LUIZ: Aegiphila salticola Moldenke MARAJO ISLAND: Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. PARAGUAY: Eriocaulon sellowianum var. longifolium Moldenke Syngonanthus helminthorrhizus (Mart.) Ruhl. Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhl. Syngonanthus nitens var. filiformis (Bong.) Ruhl. Syngonanthus nitens var. koernickei Ruhl. URUGUAY : Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. ARGENTINA: Diostea juncea (Gill. & Hook.) Miers [Neuquen] PAKISTAN: Callicarpa brevipetiolata Merr. [East Bengal] BHUTAN: Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl INDIA: Callicarpa arborea Roxb. [Khasi States] Callicarpa brevipetiolata Merr. [Khasi States & West Bengal] Callicarpa candicans var, sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke [West Bengal ] Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. [Assam, Khasi States, & United Provinces] Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl [Khasi States] Callicarpa vestita Wall. [Sikkim & West Bengal] Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. [Punjab, Travancore, United Prov- inces, & West Bengal] BURMA : Callicarpa arborea Roxb. [Tenasserim] . Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. [Tenasserim] CHINA: Callicarpa candicans var. sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke [Kwangsi] Callicarpa longipes Dunn [Kwangsi & Kweichow] FORMOSA: Callicarpa formosana f. angustata Moldenke HAINAN ISLAND: Callicarpa candicans var. sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. FRENCH INDO-CHINA: Callicarpa candicans var, sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke [Annam, Cochinchina, & Laos] Callicarpa erioclona Schau. [Cambodia] 122 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Annam] Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. [Tonkin] Eriocaulon henryanum Ruhl. [Annam] Eriocaulon hookerianum Stapf [Annam] Eriocaulon oryzetorum Mart. [Annam] THAILAND: Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. Dimetra craibiana Kerr* Nyctanthes aculeata Craib* FEDERATED MALAY STATES: Callicarpa angustifolia King & Gamble [Kelantan] Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. [Johore] Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Johore, Kelantan, Pahang, & Perak] Callicarpa pedunculata R. Br. [Pahang] STRAITS SETTLEMENTS: Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Malacca] PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Callicarpa arborea var. psilocalyx (H. J. Lam) Moldenke [Lu- zon} Callicarpa bicolor A. L. Juss. [Cebu, Luzon, Mindanao, Negros, & Panay} Callicarpa caudata Maxim. [Ticao] Callicarpa erioclona Schau. [Coron & Palawan] Callicarpa formosana Rolfe [Batan] Callicarpa formosana f. angustata Moldenke [Luzon] Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Catanduanes, Mindan- ao, & Tawitawi] Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. [Mindanao & Tawi- tawi RIOUW ARCHIPELAGO: Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Bintan, Oedjan, Pa- pan, Riouw, & Toedjoej] Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. LINGGA ARCHIPELAGO: Callicarpa longifolia Lam. [Singkep] Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Lingga] SIMALUR ISLAND: Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. SUMATRA: Callicarpa brevipetiolata Merr. -- delete the asterisk Callicarpa candicans var, sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. Callicarpa pilosissima Maxim. Nyctanthes dentata Blume* MADURA ISLAND: Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. 1952 Moldenke, Geographic Distribution 123 Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. BAWEAN ISLAND: Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. KARIMANDJAWA ISLANDS: Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. MANTAWI ISLANDS: Callicarpa arborea Roxb. [Batu] Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Tello] JAVA: Callicarpa brevipetiolata Merr. Callicarpa candicans var. sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. KAMBANGAN: Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. BRITISH NORTH BORNEO: Callicarpa kinabaluensis Bakh, & Heine is the correct ortho- graphy of this binomial] Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. SARAWAK: Callicarpa longifolia Lam. Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau, BORNEO : Callicarpa candicans (Burm, f.) Hochr. Callicarpa kinabaluensis var. enderti Moldenke* Callicarpa kinabaluensis var. tonsa Moldenke* Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau, Tei jsmanniodendron kostermansi loldenkex TALAUT ISLANDS: Callicarpa erioclona Schau. [Miangas] Callicarpa pedunculata R. Br. [Nanoesa] CELEBES : Callicarpa bicolor A. L. Juss. Callicarpa caudata Maxim. Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. KANGEAN ARCHIPELAGO: Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. [Kangean, Paliat, Sab- oenting, Saoebi, Sepandjang, & Sepapan] Callicarpa candicans var, sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke [Kangean] Callicarpa longifolia Lam, [Kangean] Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. [Kangean] SALAJAR ISLANDS: Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Salajar] LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: Callicarpa angustifolia King & Gamble [Muntok] 12) PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. [Soemba] Callicarpa candicans f. laciniata Moldenke [Timor] Callicarpa caudata Maxim. [Timor] Callicarpa longifolia Lam. [Bali] Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Banka & Timor] MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Callicarpa bicolor A. L. Juss. [Halmahera & Ternate] Callicarpa caudata Maxim. [Halmahera, Morotai, Sanana, & Ter- nate Hh ined longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Buru, Ceram, & Sa- nana Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. [Tanimber Islands & Timor Laoet] Callicarpa nigrescens Merr. [Sanana] Callicarpa pedunculata R. Br. [Banda, Boano, Buru, Tanimber Islands, & Ternate] NEW GUINEA: Callicarpa caudata Maxim. [Dutch New Guinea] Gallicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Dutch New Guinea & Papua} Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata Schau. [Dutch New Guinea & Northeastern New Guinea Eriocaulon alatum H,. Lecomte [Papua] Eriocaulon brevipedunculatum Merr. [Dutch New Guinea] Eriocaulon brevipedunculatum var. angustifolium Moldenke [Dutch New Guinea] Eriocaulon gracile var. puberulentum Moldenke [Papua]* Eriocaulon leucogenes Ridl. [Northeastern New Guinea] AROE ISLANDS: Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Kobrotr] SOLOMON ISLANDS: Callicarpa pedunculata R. Br. [Guadalcanal] AUSTRALIA: Clerodendrum heterophyllum var. baueri Moldenke [Queensland]* CULTIVATED: Callicarpa arborea Roxb. [Java] Callicarpa candicans var. sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke [Java] Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [India & Java] Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl [Java] Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn. [Java] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Uruguay] Lantana camara var. flava (Medic.) Moldenke [Uruguay] Lippia micromera var. helleri (Britton) Moldenke [Cuba] Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. [Brazil, Java, Straits Settle- ments, & Tobago] Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. [Queensland] NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. XIV Harold N. Moldenke ALLIUM TRICOCCUM f. PICTUM Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei petiolis et parte inferiore costae rubris recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its petioles and the lower portion of the midrib deep-red. The type of this form was collected by'my good friend, Fred W. Oswald, in the low woodland west of Fifth Avenue, near the north end. of the swamp known as "the old duck sanctuary", River Edge, Bergen County, New Jersey, on May 21, 1952, and is depos- ited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The accompanying plate was drawn from the type flowering mater- ial collected on May 21st and leaves taken from the same plants on July 10, 1952. APINUS KORAIENSIS (Sieb. & Zucc.) Moldenke, comb. nov, Pinus koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc., Fl. Jap. 2: 28, pl. 116. 1842--1870. CALLICARPA ARBOREA var. ae (H. J. Lam) Moldenke, comh. nov. Callicarpa lanata var. pet enon H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay Arch, 61. 1919. CALLICARPA CANDICANS f. LACINIATA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum laciniatis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having the leaf-blades incised-laciniate along the margins. The type of the form was collected by Maria Ernestine Walsh- Held (no. 47) at Nipol, Timor, on April 18, 1929, and is depos- ited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. CALLICARPA CANDICANS var. SUMATRANA (Miq.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Callicarpa sumatrana Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 886. "1856, CALLICARPA FORMOSANA f. ANGUSTATA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum constanter lanceolatis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav- ing its leaf-blades uniformly lanceolate. The type of the form was collected by Harley Harris Bartlett (no. 6082) at Taiheisan, Formosa, at an altitude of 3500 to ),000 feet, in “in September, 1936, and is "deposited in the Britton Herbar- ium at the New York Botanical Garden, CALLICARPA KINABALUENSIS var. ENDERTI Moldenke, var. nov. 125 Vol. hj dios 2 PHYTO Oe Pe 126 Aa: Ret WAN aw Allium tricoccum f. pictum Noldenke 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 227 Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit laminis foliorum subtus dense hirsutulis non tomentosis, pedunculis usque ad 1 cm. longis, cymis laxioribus, et floris fructibusque distincte pedi- cellatis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the lower leaf-surfaces densely hirsutulous but not matted-tomentose, the peduncles 1 cm. or less in length, and the cymes much more open, with the flowers and fruits distinctly pedicellate. The type of the variety was collected by Frederik Hendrik Endert (no. 2913) at Long Temelen, northeastern Borneo, at an altitude of 200: meters, on August 26, 1925, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. CALLICARPA KINABALUENSIS var. TONSA Moldenke, var. nov. Haee varietas a forma typica speciei recedit ramis ramulisque petiolisque pedunculisque ramisque inflorescentiae laminisque foliormm utrinque fulvo-pubescentibus, pilis brevibus adpressis vel subadpressis et pedunculis usque ad 1 cm. longis patentibus. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the pubescence on its branches, branchlets, petioles, pe- duncles, and inflorescence-branches, as well as on both leaf- surfaces, merely fulvous—pubescent with rather short appressed or subappressed hairs, and the peduncles 1 cm. or less in length, and more open and loose. The type of this variety was collected by Frederik Hendrik Endert (no. 4489) at Kemvel, northeastern Borneo, at an altitude of 1800 meters, on October 22, 1925, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. CLERODENDRUM HETEROPHYLLUM var. BAUERI Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei calyce distincte dentato, dentibus brevibus triangularibus, recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its calyx-rim distinctly toothed, the teeth short and triangular. The variety is based on a series of drawings made from living material at Keppel Bay, Queensland, Australia, by Ferdinand Lucas Bauer between 1801 and 1803 and deposited in the herbarium of the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna, drawing 968a being regarded as the type. One of the drawings was submitted to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, where Dr. R. Melville studied it. His report is that it does not match any material in the Kew herbarium nor any known Australian species. He thinks that the plant may have been a hybrid between "C. hemiderma" [=Glossocar- ya hemiderma] and C. floribundum. I; seems more likely to me that it represents a variety of the very variable C. heterophyll- um with whose broad-leaved typical form it agrees almost perfect- Ty in all characters except the plainly short-toothed calyx-rim. ERIOCAULON BREVIPEDUNCULATUM var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM Moldenke, var. 128 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 2 nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis angustioribus plerumque 0.5—-1.5 mm. latis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves much narrower, usually only 0.5-—-1.5 m. wide. The type of the variety was collected by L. J. Brass (no. 9288) at the edge of pools in boggy grasslands, Lake Habbema, at an altitude of 3225 meters, Dutch New Guinea, in August, 1938, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botan- ical Garden. ERIOCAULON GRACILE var. PUBERULENTUM Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei bracteis involucrantis dense puberulis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the involucral bractlets densely puberulent. The type of the variety was collected by L. J. Brass (no. 7822) on wet grass plains at Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Papua, New Guinea, in September, 1936, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. LANTANA FUCATA var. ANTILLANA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit foliis parvis lanceolato-ovatis attenuato-acutis et bracteis floralibus infim- is quam supremis plus elongatis ovato-lanceolatis attenuato- acutis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its more uniformly small, lanceolate-ovate, attenuate-pointed leaves and in having the lowermost floral bracts more elongated than the upper ones, ovate-lanceolate, and attenuate-pointed, often twice as long as the upper ones. The type of this variety was collected by Christopher Perraton (no. 12) in red dirt overlying limestone, forming the advancing edge of the bush invading commons and playing fields at Munro College, Saint Elizabeth, Jamaica, on March 15, 1952, and is de- posited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden SABINA HORIZONTALIS f. DOUGLASII (Rehd.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Juniperus horizontalis var. douglasii Rehd. in L. H. Bailey, Stands Cyel. Hort. 3: 1729. 1915. STROBUS LAMBERTIANA (Dougl.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Pinus lambertiana Dougl., Trams. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15: 500. 1827. STROBUS PARVIFLORA (Sieb. & Zucc.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Pinus parviflora Sieb. & Zucc., Fl. Jap. 2: 27, pl. 115. VERBENA CANIUENSIS Moldenke, sp. nov. Herba parva; caulis procumbentibus gracilibus parce strigillo~ 1952 Moldenke, New and Noteworthy Plants 129 sis; foliis oppositis; petiolis gracilibus valde elongatis strigillosis; laminis ovato-subrotundis rugosis crassiuscule den- tatis utrinque parce strigillosis; inflorescentiis terminalibus spicatis dein elongatis; bracteolis lanceolatis strigillosis; calyce 2--3 mm, longo; corolla parvissima lilacina, Small creeping herb; stems procumbent, tetragonal, rooting at the nodes, sparsely strigillose; principal internodes 2.5—) cm. long, sometimes slightly arched; leaves decussate-opposite, num- erous; petioles very slender, elongated, often as long as or longer than the blade, 1--2.5 cm. long, flattened-canaliculate above, sparsely strigillose; blades rather firmly chartaceous, rather uniformly green on both surfaces, ovate-subrotund, 1--2.5 cm. long and wide, acute at the base or slightly prolonged into the petiole, rounded at the apex, rather coarsely dentate along the margins except toward the very base, rugose above, sparsely strigillose on both surfaces, the teeth acute or rounded; midrib and the or 5 secondaries about equal in diameter, very slend- er, impressed above, prominulous beneath, ascending, not arcuate; veinlet reticulation sparse and rather obscure; inflorescence terminal, spicate, slender, 7--13 cm. long, rather loosely many- flowered; peduncle very slender, --l}.5 cm. long, sparsely strig-: illose with whitish ascending hairs like those on the stems, pe- duncles, and leaf-blades; rachis very slender, strigillose like the peduncle; bractlets lanceolate, about 2.5 mm. long, equaling or slightly shorter than the calyx, or only 1.5 mm, long and much shorter than the calyx, acuminate at the apex, sparsely strigillose; calyx cylindric, 2--3 mm. long, 5-ribbed, scarious between the ribs, strigillose with ascending whitish hairs on the ribs, 5-apiculate, the lowermost ones often short-pedicell- ate; corolla hypocrareriform, lilac, its tube very slender, e- qualling the calyx, its rim about 2 m, wide. The type of this interesting species was collected by Gert Hatschbach (no. 2560) in "terreno umido da mata ciliar", Rio Canii, Palmeira, Paran4, Brazil, on November 11, 1951, and is de- posited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Gard- en. STROBUS PEUCE (Griseb.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Pinus peuce Griseb., Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2: 349. 185. SYNGONANTHUS NITENS f. MALMII Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei recedit foliis arcte ad- presso-pilosis, pilis albidis saepe reflexis. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having the leaves closely appressed-pilose, the hairs whitish and often reflexed. The type of the form was collected by Gustaf Oskar Andersson Malme (no. 1966a) at Santa Anna de Chapada, Mattogrosso, Brazil, on August 2, 1902, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stockholm, SYNGONANTHUS NITENS f. PILOSUS Moldenke, f. nov. 130 PHY TvOrb:O Gk & Vol. 4, no. 2 Haec forma a forma typica speciei foliis patenti-pilosis re- cedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves spreading—pilose. The type of the form was collected by Gustaf Oskar Andersson Malme (no. 1966) at Smta Anna de Chapada, Mat togrosso, Brazil, on July 18, 1902, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stockholm. THE SELECTED WRITINGS OF A GREAT NATURALIST* Harold N. Moldenke In this time of great tension and stress, when we are being deluged from all sides by wars and rumors of wars — hot and cold -- and by frantic radio reports and scare newspaper head= lines about the imminent extinction of the human race, when life has become well calculated to give stomach ulcers and nervous breakdowns to even the more placid individuals among us, it is increasingly important that our attention be directed periodic- ally to the timeless philosophy of the great naturalists of our land. It is no accident that in recent years there has been a great revival of interest in the works of Audubon, Emerson, Whitman, Thoreau, and Burroughs. These men belong to that bless- ed company of spirits able properly to separate the transient ephemeral trivia of day-to-day existence which, because of our nearness to them, often seem so exaggeratedly large and import- ant to us, from the eternal verities of the universe as seen in the natural world all about us and of which we are but such a small part. How badly most of us need from time to time, at least, to escape from "the maddening crowd", from the hustle and bustle and rush of modern civilization, to the quiet solitudes of some sylvan temple, there to renew and refresh our souls in blessed communion with our Maker! When our daily newspapers keep repeat- ing their seemingly never changing refrain of the chronicling of greed and hate and crime, it is a source of great comfort to be able to stand in some wayside thicket and observe the self- sacrificial devotion of mothers! love as demonstrated by a brown thrasher or ruby-throated hummingbird blindly attacking the sup- posed enemy hundreds of times her size menacing her babies, or of the worm-eating warbler feigning a broken wing and even roll- ing over and over down a hillside to distract one's attention from her nest. Many of us have copies of John Burroughs! twenty-four publish- ed books, but with so much demand on our time, it becomes in- creasingly difficult to find leisure to read all that one would like to read. Miss Wiley has, therefore, done this and future 1952 Moldenke, Selected Writings 131 generations a great service in culling the very best from Burroughs! writings and placing it in one handy volume. Now there is no longer any excuse for us not to be acquainted with this great Hudson River naturalist. He it was who emphasized that "the most precious things of life are near at hand, without mon- ey and without price. Each of you has the whole wealth of the universe at your very door. One has only to sit down in the woods or fields or by the shore of the river or lake, and nearly everything of interest will come round to him -- the birds, the animals, the insects; and presently, after his eye has got accus- tomed to the place and to the light and shade, he will probably see some plant or flower that he has sought in vain for.....So, on a large scale, the student and lover of nature has this ad- vantage over people who gad up and down the world seeking some novelty or excitement: he has only to stay at home and see the procession pass. The great globe swings around to him like a revolving showcase; the change of the seasons is like the passage of strange and new countries; the zones of the earth, with all their beauties and marvels, pass one's door and linger long in the passing." Not only was he a great naturalist and philosopher, but a writer of unsurpassed charm and beauty who knew well how best to use the English language. Consider, for instance: "Unadulterated, unsweetened observations are what the real nature lover craves. No man can invent incidents and traits as interesting as the reality." Or, in speaking of the joy of walking: "A race that neglects or despises this primitive gift, that fears the touch of the soil, that has no footpaths.....that warns off the walker as a trespasser, that knows no way but the highway.....that forgets the stile, the footbridge, that even ignores the rights of the pedestrian in the public road, providing no escape for him but in the ditch or up the bank, is in a fair way to far more serious degeneracy." "The human body is a steed that goes freest and longest under a light rider, and the lightest of all riders is a cheerful heart.....The heaviest thing in the world is a heavy heart." "If I were to name the three most precious resources of life, I would say books, friends, and nature; and the greatest of these, at least the most constant and always at hand, is nature." "The born naturalist is one-of the most lucky men in the world. Winter or summer, rain or shine, at home or abroad, walking or riding, his pleasures are always near at hand. The great book of nature is open before him and he has only to turn its leaves." In speaking of the coming of spring: "A few days ago, not a bird, not a sound; everything rigid and severe; then in a day the barriers of winter give way, and spring comes like an inundation, ...The present season is always the mother of the next....Before nature closes her house in the fall, she makes ready for the spring opening....In March the door of the seasons first stands ajar a little; in April it is opened much wider; in May the win- dows go up also; and in June the walls are fairly taken down and the genial currents have free play everywhere.....Summer always comes in the person of June, with a bunch of daisies on her 132 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 2 breast and clover blossoms in her hands." It was he who deserib- ed our bluebird as having "the sky-tinge on its back, the earth- tinge on its breast." Maples in the autumn gleam, he says, "like great bonfires along the hills"; animal hibernation in winter is a condition where "the fires of life [are] banked up and burning just enough to keep the spark over till spring." He it was who spoke of "the bright constellations of the bloodroot" in the leafless woods; of the waterlily: "What a queenly flower, indeed, the type of unsullied purity and sweet- ness} Its root, like a black, corrugated, ugly reptile, clinging to the slime, but its flower in purity and whiteness like a star." The cambium layer of trees: "Generation and regeneration take place through this layer. I have called it the girdle of perpetual youth." Of the bee: "The honeybee goes forth from the hive in spring like the dove from Noah's ark, and it is not till after many days that she brings back the olive leaf, which in this case is a pellet of golden pollen upon each hip." Listen to him describe winter in the Hudson River valley: Winter, "a severe artist! No longer the canvas and the pigments, but the marble and the chisel. When the nights are calm and the moon full, I go out to gaze upon the wonderful purity of the moonlight and snow. The air is full of latent fire, and the cold warms me -- after a different fashion from that of the kitchen stove. The world lies about me in a 'trance of snow'. The clouds are pearly and iridescent and seem the farthest possible removed from the condition of a storm -- the ghosts of clouds, the in- dwelling beauty freed of all dross. I see the hills, bulging with great drifts, lift themselves up cold and white against the sky, the black lines of fence here and there obliterated by the depths of the snow. Presently a fox barks away up next the mountains, and I imagine I can almost see him sitting there in his furs, upon the illuminated surface, and looking down in my direction. As I listen, one answers him from behind the woods in the valley. What a wild winter sound, wild and weird, up among the ghostly hills!" And, again: "the snow is a great telltale and blabs as effectually as it obliterates. I go into the woods and know all that has happened. I cross the fields, and if only a mouse has visited his neighbor the fact is chronicled." "The preparations of a snowstorm are, as a rule, gentle and quiet; a marked hush pervades both the earth and the sky. The movements of the celestial forces are muffled, as if the snow already paved the way of their coming. There is no uproar, no clashing of arms, no blowing of wild trumpets. These soft, feathery, exquisite crystals are formed as if in the silence and privacy of the inner cloud chambers." But then the blizzard comes: "As the sun went down and darkness fell, the storm impulse reached its full. It became a wild conflagration of wind and snow; the world was wrapt in frost flame; it enveloped one and penetrated his lungs and caught away his breath like a blast from a burning city. How it whipped around and under every cover and searched out every crack and crevice, sifting under the shingles in the attic, darting its white tongues under the kitch- 1952 Moldenke, Selected Writings 133 en door, puffing its breath down the chimney, roaring through the woods, stalking like a sheeted ghost across the hills, bending in white and ever-changing forms above the fences, sweeping across the plains, whirling in eddies behind the buildings, or leaping spitefully up their walls -- in short, taking the world entirely to itself and giving a loose rein to its desire." "We love the sight of the brown and ruddy earth; it is the color of life, while a snow-covered plain is the face of death; yet snow is but the mask of the life-giving rain; it, too, is the friend of man -- the tender, sculpturesque, immacu- late, warming, fertilizing snow." And, again, listen to Burroughs: "Nature has but two forms, the cell and the crystal -- the crystal first, the cell last. All organic nature is built up of the cell; all inorganic, of the crystal. Cell upon cell rises the vegetable, rises the ani- mal; crystal wedded to and compacted with crystal stretches the earth beneath them." Speaking of the passing of winter with the warm days of spring: "Like worn and unwashed linen appear the remains of that spotless robe with which he clothed the world as his bride." Speaking of the unfolding fiddleheads of our ferns: "I know of nothing in vegetable nature that seems so really to be born as the ferns. They emerge from the ground rolled up, with a rud- imentary and 'touch-me-not! look, and appear to need a maternal tongue to lick them into shape. The sun plays the wet nurse to them, and very soon they are out of that uncanny covering in which they come swathed, and take their places with other green things." And of the pine: "The pine is the tree of silence. Who was the Goddess of Silence? Look for her altars amid the pines —- silence above, silence below. Pass from deciduous woods into pine woods of a windy day, and you think the day has suddenly become calm.....The deciduous trees are inconstant friends that fail us when adverse winds do blow; but the pine and all its tribe look winter cheerily in the face, tossing the snow, mas- querading in his arctic livery, in fact holding high carnival from fall to spring. The Norseman of the woods, lofty and aspir- ing, tree without bluster or noise, that sifts the howling storm into a fine spray of sound; symmetrical tree, tapering, columnar, shaped as in a lathe, the preordained mast of ships, the mother of colossal timbers; centralized, towering, patriarch- al, coming down from the foreworld, counting centuries in thy rings and outlasting empires in thy decay." Listen to Burroughs on bird songs: "The songbirds might all have been brooded and hatched in the human heart. They are typi- cal of its highest aspirations, and nearly the whole gamut of human passion and emotion is expressed more or less fully in their varied songs.....there is the song of the hermit thrush for devoutness and religious serenity; that of the wood thrush for the musing, melodious thoughts of twilight; the song spar- row's for simple faith and trust, the bobolink's for hilarity and glee, the mourning dove's for hopeless sorrow, the vireo's for all-day and every-day contentment, and. the nocturne of the 13h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 2 mockingbird for love. Then there are the plaintive singers, the soaring ecstatic singers, the confident singers, the gushing and voluble singers, the half-voiced, inarticulate singers. The note of the wood pewee is a human sigh; the chickadee has a call full of unspeakable tenderness and fidelity. There is pride in the song of the tanager, and vanity in that of the catbird. There is something distinctly human about the robin; his is the note of boyhood." This is nature writing at its best, and Miss Wiley has given us 29), pages of it! Our thanks to Miss Wiley -- and our thanks to Mr. Jaques for the 17 completely appropriate full-page sil- houette sketches and 11 vignettes scattered through the text. These completely capture the spirit of John Burroughs -- and that is high praise indeed! #"John Burroughs! America: selections from the writings of the Hudson River naturalist",- edited and with an introduction by Farida A. Wiley; foreword by Julian Burroughs; illustrated by Francis Lee Jaques. i--xv, 1-30) pp., illustr. 1951. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. VIII Harold N. Moldenke PAEPALANTHUS ALSINOIDES var. MINIMUS Jennings The Shafer collection cited below was distributed as Dupatya alsinoides. Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Carabia 996 (Cr, N); Shafer 10682 (Cm). ISLA DE PINOS: Britton, Britton, & Wilson Uhh (Cm); Carabia 1153 (cr, N), 3994 (Cr, N), s.n. [Leén 1789)] (N); Le6n & Victorin 1769 (Ha), 18852 (Ha). PAEPALANTHUS AMOENUS (Bong.) K&rn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: P. Clausen 16 (N, N), 267, in part (N); Mello Barreto 291 [Herb. Jard, Bot. Bello Horiz. 053] (N). PAEPALANTHUS ANDICOLA K&8rn. The species has been collected at altitudes of 2500 to 3500 meters, in anthesis in October, Additional citations: ECUADOR: Loja: Steyermark 5,09 (N), 54b13 (N), Sula (N). PAEPALANTHUS ANDICOLA var. VILLOSUS Moldenke Citations: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Haught 5878 (N-type). PAEPALANTHUS ARCHERI Moldenke 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 135 This species is known thus far only from an altitude of 1800 meters in the Cerra do Cip6, in anthesis in August. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Archer 3677 (N— photo of type, W—-1705663—type, Z--photo of type). PAEPALANTHUS ARGENTEUS (Bong.) Ktrn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Sampaio 685 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 12338] (Ja--7650, N). PAEPALANTHUS ARGYROLINON Korn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5260 (N--isotype) . PAEPALANTHUS ASPER Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 350 (Vi- 1583h--isotype) . aoe PAEPALANTHUS ATER Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 329 (Vi- 1583) . eT eee PAEPALANTHUS AUGUSTUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 373 (Vi- 158),2—-isotype) . PAEPALANTHUS BALANSAE Ruhl. Original description: Engl., Das Pflanzenreich } (30): 151. 1903 -- not 1902, as sometimes stated. PAEPALANTHUS BARBULATUS Herzog This species, according to Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 18 (1923), is known only from Serra des Almas and Alto Rio Bromado and Rio de Contas in central Bahia. It is said to be typical of the carrasco and rare in the campinas. PAEPALANTHUS BARKLEYI Moldenke Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: F. A. Barkley 18A100 (N--type), 18A1\7 (N). PAEPALANTHUS BIFIDUS (Schrad.) Kunth A synonym is Eupaepalanthus schraderi Ktrn. ex V. A. Pouls., Vidensk. Meddel. Kjpbenhavn 1688: 332 (1888). Specimens of this species have been variously mis-identified or distributed as P. bifidus Kunth, P. caulescens Kunth, P. schraderi Ktrn., Syngo- nanthus caulescens Ruhl., Eriocaulon congestum H.B.K., E. fascic- ulatum Lam., E. pygmaeum Mart., and E. villosum Salzm. According to Luetzelburg, EStudo Botanico do Nord&ste 3: 148 (1923) it is typical of the "brejo" at Serra de Pintoba and Yachoeira Escura on the Rio Doce in Espiritu Santo. Miss Mexia collected it at an altitude of 1250 meters. It has been found both in dry soil and in open wet_sand along forest roads and in and about villages. 136 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 It has been collected in anthesis in February, March, July, Aug- ust, October, and December. Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: De la Cruz 1700 (D— 603537, N), 1750 (D--603566, N), 1849 (N), 2525 (N), 3435 (D— 603773, N); H. A. Gleason 633 (N); He Herb. Forest Dept. Br. Br. Guian. F.905 [Rec. 361] (N); A. Se Hitchcock 17075 (N); Jenman 5207 (C, Ka), 5805 (C), sen s.n. [Upper Demerar Demerara River, 1898] (N); Leng Sho [Bartica, Oct. h, 1922] (N); Maguire & Fanshawe 2297) (N), 23501 (N). BRAZIL: Alagoas: A. Lutz s.n. [Herb. Rio de Jan. 31106] (Ja). Amazonas: Schwacke 111.206 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 773] (Ja). Bahia: Martius 558 (M); Riedel s.n. [Bahia, 1859] (N); Salzmann s.n. (N). Minas Geraes: Mexia 5816 (Gg-—-286100). Par&: J.T. J. T. Baldwin 4021 (N); Spruce s.n. n. [Jul.—-Aug. 189] (N). Per- jNambuco: Pickel 73) (N). “State undetermined: G. Gardner i170 (N); Martius 555 [Villa St. Georgii Insulanorum] (N). PAEPALANTHUS BOMBACINUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Williams & Assis 6926 (F--photo, N, N--photo, Sg——photo, W—19328]8, Z—photo). PAEPALANTHUS BONGARDII Kunth Additional citations: BRAZIL: S#o Paulo: Moldenke & Moldenke 19645 (N), 19655 (N). PAEPALANTHUS BRACHYPHYLLUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Murca Pires 826 (N). PAEPALANTHUS BRACHYPUS (Bong.) Kunth Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Riedel 1182 (M— isotype). PAEPALANTHUS BRITTONI Moldenke A synonym of this species is P. montanus (Britton) Moldenke, published in Rev. Sudam. Bot. : 17 (1937), which proves to be a homonym of P. montanus Alv,. Silv., Fl. Montium 76 (1928). The species has been collected along the wooded banks of creeks, blooming in July. Additional citations: CUBA: Oriente: G. C. Bucher 81 (Rg), 15269 (Es); R. A. Howard 5760 (N), 5960 (N); Leén & Clément 201h9 (Ha). PAEPALANTHUS BROMELIOIDES Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto & Brade 1040 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Bello Horiz. 10723] } (N). PAEPALANTHUS BRYOIDES (Bong.) Kunth The Mello Barreto specimen cited below was originally dis- tributed as Syngonanthus rupestris (Gardn.) Ruhl. and later re- determined as Blastocaulon rupestre (Gardn.) Ruhl. 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 137 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 10129 (N); Riedel 1416 (T). PAEPALANTHUS CACHAMBUENSIS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Williams & Assis 7489 (F—-photo, N, N=--photo, Sg—-photo, W--1933025, Z--photo). PAEPALANTHUS CAESPITITIUS Mart. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Riedel cae) {[Herb. Martius 1082] (M). PAEPALANTHUS CALDENSIS Malme A synonym is P. dusenii Ruhl. The species has been collected at an altitude of 1600 meters in S40 Paulo, blooming in March. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Stellfeld 106) [Herb. Mus. Parana. 20);] (N). SHo Paulo: Eugenio Leite 3362 (N). PAEPALANTHUS CAPANEMAE Alv. Silv. The original description of this species was published by LUfgren in Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 7--8 (1918). The type specimen is given as Herb. Rio de Jan. 6628 [Herb. Alv. Silveira 629], without any locality of collection being designat- ed. PAEPALANTHUS CAPAROENSIS Ruhl. This name is sometimes mis-spelled "P, capraoensis", The spec- ies has been collected in the campo above timberline at an alti- tude of 225 meters. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Espiritu Santo: Mexia 4022 (Gg-- 275578, N). PAEPALANTHUS CAPILLACEUS Klotzsch This species has been found at an altitude of 1500 meters in Bolfvar, and Steyermark records for it the common name of "loit", Besides the collections cited below, the species is known also from British Guiana collections of R. Schomburgk and Sandwith. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 2108 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 47693] (Ja). Bolfvar: Lasser 1798 (N, W—- 1901898); Steyermark 59453 (N), 60208 (N). PAEPALANTHUS CAPILLACEUS var. PROLIFERUS Gleason The variety has been found at altitudes of 1700 to 1800 meters on Mount Duida. pdt pienad citations: BRITISH Saban sas & Fanshawe 232h3 PAEPALANTHUS CARDONAE Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Cardona 2281 (F-- photo of type, N--fragment of type, N--photo of type, W—1903,98 --type, Z-—-photo of type). 138 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 PAEPALANTHUS CASTANEUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Ule 2730 {[Herb. Rio de Jan. 770] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS CATHARINAE Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Rambo 32);32 (N), 352h5 (N), 36782 (N). Santa Catharina: Rambo 30510 (N); Reitz 2388 (N), 2h61 D(N) ip 22535..(N) PAEPALANTHUS CHLORONEMA Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: J. G. Kuhlmann 1632 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7661] (Ja, N). a) PAEPALANTHUS CHLOROPHYLLUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 563 {[Herb., Marie-Victorin 15833] (Vi--isotype). PAEPALANTHUS CLAUSSENIANUS Ktrn,. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: B. da Costa 165 (Herb. Rio de Jan. 7721] (Ja). PAEPALANTHUS COLOIDES Ruhl. The Mexia collection cited below was originally distributed by Standley as Syngonanthus caulescens var. procerus. It was collected at 1260 meters altitude, anc the common name "perpetua do campo" is recorded for it. Additiorial citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mexia 5733 (Gg-- 286182, N, N). State undetermined: G. Gardner 526 (N). PAEPALANTHUS COLUMBIENSIS Ruhl. The Cardona 333 distributed under this name to some herbaria proves to be P. ensifolius (H.B.K.) Kunth. P. columbiensis has been collected at altitudes of 2500 to 3500 meters, in anthesis in March, June, August, and September, the flowers white. It grows on roadside banks, and common names recorded are "Jjeguey de p4ramo" and “piffuelita de pdramo"., The name has been incor- rectly written "P. columbiamus Ruhl." The Cuatrecasas 17841 collection has its peduncles extremely villous. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyac4: Cuatrecasas 10442 (W— 179650). Cauca: F. C. Lehmann 3578 (N--photo of isotype, e, W— 936267—isotype, Z—-photo of isotype). Cundinamarca: Cuatrecasas 9514 (N), 9528 (N), 9659 (W-1795907), 10473 (W—1796516) ; Cuatrecasas & 3 ee Tlo 11969 (W-—-1850838 38); Garcia Barriga 11652 (W--1853681); Killip 34047 (Gg--31396h, N); R. EB. Schultes 3199 (N, Sm). Norte == Santander: Cuatrecasas & Garcia Barriga 10095 (W--1798728), 10206 (W—-1799)7 0); Cuatrecasas, as, Schultes, & . Smith 12308 (W--1850945). Santander: Cuatrecasas & Garcia Barriga 9878 (W-1798)56). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 178Ll ( (N). Department undetermined: Mutis 1639 (W--1560090). VENEZUELA: Mérida: Serg- ent 15 (Ve). Trujillo: J Jahn 1178 (Ve). State undetermined: ~ Jahn 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 139 1307 [P4ramo del Jabén] (Ve). PAEPALANTHUS COMPACTUS Gardn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 52h7 (M--isotype, N--isotype). PAEPALANTHUS CONVEXUS Gleason The species is known thus far only from Mount Duida and Mount Roraima, It was collected twice by Tate on Duida. It has been found at altitudes of 2255 to 2620 meters, flowering in Septen- ber. The Phelps and Hitchcock collection, cited below, has its bracts more obtuse. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: G. H. H. Tate 658 (N-type); Steyermark 5801 (F—1209395, N), 58351 (F—1209391, N). Bolfvar: Phelps & Hitchcock 380a (N); Steyermark 58778 (N), 58876 (F—-1209393, N). PAEPALANTHUS CORYMBOIDES var. EPILOSUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hertel 6 [Herb. Mus. Parana. 2097] (N). PAEPALANTHUS COUTOENSIS Moldenke This binomial is based on the P, barbulatus of Alv. Silv., Fl. Montium 211, pl. 139 & 14,0 (1928), not P, barbulatus Herzog in Fedde, Repert. 20: 83 (192k). Additional citations: BRAZIL: Federal District: Brade 1098 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 26706] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS CRASSICAULIS Ktrn. Ruhland on page 208 of his monograph cites this species from "Colombia: bei Chachapoyas, unfern der Stadt San Carlos (Field- ing n. 103)". Mr. E. P. Killip, in a letter to me dated Novem ber 20, 1945, says that this locality is undoubtedly in the de- partment of Amazonas, Peru. The index to the American Geographic Society's map of the Americas (page 863) gives a San Calos in that department. The Fielding referred to is evidently H. B. Fielding, who assembled a herbarium of 70,000 specimens although he never collected in Peru himself. An account of this herbarium is published in Journ. Bot. Hook., page 6, and on page 283 refer- ence is made to 2000 specimens of Mathews! collection. Mat hews lived for a long while at Chachapoyas, and I have seen many of his specimens bearing that name as the locality of collection, but without his own name as collector (although written in what we know to be his own handwriting)! It is probable that the specimen cited by Ruhland has a label reading about as follows: "Chachapoyas: Herb. Fielding". The species is not included in Macbride's Flora of Peru and it is therefore of importance def- initely to place it. Possibly other species referred to Colombia by various monographers do not really belong there. The species has been collected at altitudes of from 2150 to 3430 meters, mostly in paramos or on bushy slopes, blooming in 140 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 May, June, August, and October. The common name "olivar" is re- corded for it by Steyermark. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyac4: Cuatrecasas & Garcia Barriga 9747 (W--1798)55). Cundinamarca: André 1001, in part [SE de Bogot4] (N), 1001, in part [Paramo de C! Chipaqué] (N); Cuatrecasas 5627 (nN), shah (N); Ewan 16906 (N); Haught 5028 (N, W—-1709677), 5599 (N), 5732 (N); Killip, Garcia Barriga, & Gut- ierrez Villegas 38039 (N); Pérez Arbeldez & Cuatrecasas 5627 _ (W—-177)211); Rusby & Pennell 1280 (N). Norte de Santander: Lin- den 764 (Br). Department undetermined: Mutis 1638 (N--photo, “W- 1560089, Z——-photo). VENEZUELA: Mérida: Steyermark 56265 (F— 1205135, N), 56292 (F—-1221908). PERU: Cajamarca: R. Ferreyra 826 (N). PAEPALANTHUS CURURENSIS Moldenke Citations: BRAZIL: Par4: Sioli s.n. [Herb. Inst. Agron. Norte 29159] (N--type). PAEPALANTHUS CUSPIDATUS Alv. Silv. The species has been collected in sand under boulders at an altitude of 1300 to 1500 meters. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: M. A. Chase 104,32 (F--photo, N, N--photo, Si—photo, W—1)95698, Z——photo). PAEPALANTHUS DENSIFOLIUS Alv. Silv. This species, originally published in Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 7-8 (1918), is based on the following specimen: "ex Herb. do Jardim Bot. do Rio de Janeiro, loco non indicato lecta sub n. 6645; n. 630 in herb. Silveira." PAEPALANTHUS DICHOTOMUS Klotzsch The species has been collected at an altitude of 1065 meters, blooming in October. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazorias: Ule 8556 (N). Bol- ivar: Steyermark 59209 (N). BRITISH GUIANA: R. H. Schamburgk 676/899a (N, K), 899 (K). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Ule 8556, in part (W—1615063) . PAEPALANTHUS DISTICHOPHYLLUS Mart. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 9892 {[Herb. Jard. Bot. Bello Horiz. 25479] (N). PAEPALANTHUS DIVARICATUS (Bong.) Kunth Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: L. Riedel 1018 (M—isotype) . PAEPALANTHUS DOMINGENSIS Ruhl. The species has been collected at an altitude of 6200 feet, blooming in September. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Howard 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 11 & Howard 9118 (N). PAEPALANTHUS DUIDAE Gleason The species is described by Steyermark as being terrestrial, growing at altitudes of 1820 to 2075 meters, in moist places on Mount Duida, with white flowering heads. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: ap Sek steyemar 58319 type). PAEPALANTHUS ELATUS (Bong.) Ktrn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: L. Riedel 1037 (T--isotype). PAEPALANTHUS ELONGATUS (Bong.) K&rn. The species is described as inhabiting wet places in S4o Paulo. The Guillemin specimen cited below was distributed as "Eriaucolon elongatum Bong." Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: B. Lutz 55 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7738] (Ja). SHo Paulo: Guillemin Sn. [locis humid- is a St. Paul. 1859] (Du). PAEPALANTHUS ELONGATUS var. GRAMINIFOLIUS Herzog This variety, according to Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 148 (1923), has been found at Alto Rio de Contas and Minas do Rio de Contas in central Bahia and at Rio das Femeas in eastern Goyaz. It is said to be typical of the "carrasco" and frequent in the "brejo'', The name appears in Luetzelburg's work as "f. graminifolia", PAEPALANTHUS ELONGATUS var. HELICHRYSOIDES (Kunth) Ruhl. The Martius collection cited below bears the following names as synonyms on its label: Eriocaulon stellare Guill., P. elonga- tus Ktrn., P. elongatus var. barbulata Koérn., and P. elongatus | var. ciliata | Ktrn. The first of these names is synonymous with Paepalanthus stellaris (Guill.) Kunth, while P. elongatus var. barbulata is probably conspecific with typical | P. elongatus and var. "ciliata" [=ciliatus] is probably distinct or may be the same as var. helichrysoides. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Ule 2731 [Herb. de Jan. 4771] (Ja). State undetermined: Herb. Martius 877 M). PAEPALANTHUS ELONGATUS var. PUBESCENS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 472. [Herb. Jard. Bot. Bello Horiz. 1777] (N). PAEPALANTHUS ENSIFOLIUS (H.B.K.) Kunth Literature: R. Espinosa, Estud. Bot. Sur Ecuad. 1: hl, 72, 73, & 77. 1948; 2: 25. 19h)9. Penland describes the species as growing from a long rhizome 1h2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 in leafmold and moss, with dark-green leaves and white heads. Espinosa says "Forma rosetas sobre los prados de la parte infer- ior del p4ramo; cabezuela sobre largo peditinculo; rosetas en socies, entre el herbetum de altura, o entre el fructicetum de las faldas." It has been collected at altitudes of from 200 to 3300 meters, flowering in March, July, and August. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Magdalena: André 332, in part [Isla Brava] (N). Norte de Santander: Pérez Arbeld4ez s. sen. [Ma- quén, Marzo 1930] (Gg--225663). VENEZUELA: ELA: TAchira: Cardona 333 (Ve, W--1459971). ECUADOR: Azuay: Camp E.402 (N); Wiggins 10522 (N, Ug). Carchi: André 332, in part + [Huacabamba] (N). Loja: André 332, in part + [Chuquiribamba] (N); R. Espinosa 192 (N), 880 (N)3 1 Penland & Summers 114) (N); Steyermark 53744 (F—-1205651) ._ Province undetermined: Collector undesignated 3 35 (Q); Jameson s. n. [Southern provinces] (N). PAEPALANTHUS ERIGERON Mart. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 2601 (M—isoty- pe); Schery 672 (N). PAEPALANTHUS ESPINOSIANUS Moldenke Literature: R. Espinosa, Bol. Inform. Cent. Nac. Quito 2 (ll- 12): 46--)7. 1948; R. Espinosa, Estud. Bot. Sur Ecuad. 2: 25 (as "Espinasianus"). 199. ough in both the references cited above the name appears with "sp. nov." after it, the binomial was actually validly pub- lished by me in Phytologia 2: 228--229. 197. Citations: ECUADOR: Santiago-Zamora: Steyermark 532 (N— type). PAEPALANTHUS EXIGUUS (Bong.) Ktrn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Ule 2713 [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 7752] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS FALCIFOLIUS Ktrn. The Gardner specimen cited below was previously mis-—identifi- ed as P. polyanthus (Bong.) Kunth, while Ruhland cites Clausen 267 as Pe conduplicatus Ktrn. The latter, however, may well be a case of several different things distributed under one number. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: P. Clausen 267, | in a (N), 319 2 (Ms N). State undetermined: G. Gardner aE (Hs PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULATUS Galea ete Ktrn. The Herb. Limingani specimen cited below was previously mis- identified as Eriocaulon caulescens Poir. and E. lamarckii Steud. The species has been collected at altitudes of 150 to 220 meters, in anthesis from December to March and in June and Sep- tember. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Amazonas: R. E. Schultes 3943 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 143 (N). Méta: F. W. Pennell 1543 (N, W--101807). Vaupés: Cuatrecas- as 6757 (N), 6976 (N, N), 6999 (W--177)223); Perez Arbeldez & Cuatrecasas 6757 (N); R. E. *. Schultes 5837a (N). VENEZUELA: Ama- zonas: Luetzelburg 2255 [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 7675] (Ja); Holt & Blake 63 (N); Schultes & Lépez 9237 (N); Steyermark 51129, (QM); L1 Ll. Williams 13960 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 18502] (Ve), “14939 (W ~-1873200) . Bolivar: Ll. Williams 14939 [Herb. Nac. Venez. Z. 18501] (Ve). BRITISH GUIANA: H. A. Gleason 25 (W--1190816); Maguire & Fanshaw 23001 (N), 23560 (N). SURIN. SURINAM: Maguire & Stahel 23618 (i); Ko Voldenke & & Moldenke 19583 (Es, Lg, N, “N, Sm). FRENCH GUIANA: Herb. Limingani s.n. (Du). BRAZIL: Amazonas: J. T. Ealdwin 3222 (N), 3389 (N), 3L67 (N), 3548 (N); Holt & Blake 575 (N); Luet- zelburg 2271, in part (Herb. Rio de Jan. 47673] “Ciay, 22501, in part [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7660] (Ja), 22604, in part [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7659] (Ja); R. E. Schultes 8720 ( (N), 9860 (N, Ug); Schultes & Lépez 8780 (N), 9250 (N, Ug); Schultes & Murga Pires 9136 (N); Spruce s.n. [in vicinibus Barra, Dec.-Mart. 1850-51] (N). Par&: Spruce s.n. [in vicinibus Obidos, Dec. 189] (N). PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULATUS var. ICANENSIS Herzog Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 22303 (Herb. Rio de Jan. 7695] (Ja--cotype, N--cotype), 225 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7694] (Ja--cotype, N--cotype), 22975 (Herb. Rio de Jan. 47683] (Ja). PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULATUS f. RIGIDUS Herzog Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 222)) [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7697] (Ja--isotype, N--isotype). PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULATUS f. SPHAEROCEPHALUS Herzog Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 22931 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7698] (Ja--isotype, N--isotype) . PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULATUS f. TENELLUS Herzog Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 22978 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7699] (Ja—-isotype, N--isotype). SURINAM: Maguire 2677 (N). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 21993 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 47680] (Ja). PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULIFER Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 590 (Herb. Marie-Victorin 158] (Vi). PAEPALANTHUS FERREYRAE Moldenke Citations: PERU: Cajamarca: R. Ferreyra 809 (N—type). PAEPALANTHUS FLACCIDUS (Bong.) Kunth The species is said by Mrs. Chase to grow in wet sand in crevices of rock along tiny streamlets, probably dry at some yy PUR T2080 L01G2k Vol. 4, no. 2 seasons, at an altitude of 1200 meters. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: M. A. Chase 10331 (W--1)95685); Mello Barreto 98) [Herb. Jard. Bot. Bello Horiz. 25340] (N); Ule 2718 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 4774] (Ja). S&o Paulo: W. Hoehne 1613 (N, Wh, Wh, Wh, Wh, Wh, Wh, Wh). State undeter- mined: G. Gardner Sab (N) 5 Martius 883 (T); L. Riedel 2291 (M). PAEPALANTHUS FRATERNUS N. E. Br. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Steyermark 5889 (F—-1209392, N), 58901 (N). PAEPALANTHUS FREYREISSII (Thunb.) Ktrn. A synonym is Eupaepalanthus freyreissii Ktrn. ex V. A. Pouls., Vidensk, Meddel. Kjgbenhavn 1888: 321. 1888. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Lauro s.n. [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7670] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS FUSCUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Sampaio 6880 (Herb. Rio de Jan. 4767] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS GARDNERIANUS Walp. A synonym is Cladocaulon brasiliense Gardn,. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5250 (N—-isotype) . eee PAEPALANTHUS GENICULATUS (Bong.) Kunth Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Sampaio 68 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 47649] (Ja), 6878 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 47651] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS GENTLEI Moldenke Originally published in N. Am. Fl. 19: 0--1, 1937. This very distinct species seems often to grow in company with P. lamarckii, for both species are intimately mixed on many sheets of the type collection. The P, lamarckii material, how- ever, is by me regarded as Gentle 992a and the P. gentled mater- ial as the true no. 992. Additional citations: BRITISH HONDURAS: H. H. Bartlett 1187) (Mi); Gentle 992 (Ba--isotype, F--isotype, Gg--276712--isotype, I—-isotype, type, Mb—-isotype, Ml—isotype, N—isotype, N—isotype, N— isotype, N—-type); O'Neill 8547 (I, ii). PAEPALANTHUS GLAZIOVII Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Glaziou 20016 (N— isotype). PAEPALANTHUS GLEASONII Moldenke This binomial is based on P, robustus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 330 (1931), not P. robustus Alv. Silv., Flora e Serras Mineiras 53. 1908. 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 145 Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: G. H. H. Tate 622 (N--type). PAEPALANTHUS GYROTRICHUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Williams & Assis 6864 (N, W--1932829) . PAEPALANTHUS HERZOGII Moldenke This species, according to Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 149—-150 (1923), is known from Serra Marsalina in central Bhia where it is said to be typical of the "carrasco", PAEPALANTHUS HILAIREI Ktrn. According to Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 19 (1923), this species forms 20 percent of all the vegetation at Casa de Pedra, in central Bahia, and is known also from Campinas de Duro in eastern Goyaz. It is said to be typical of the "car- rasco" and frequent in the "campinas". The Martius collection cited below was distributed as Erio- caulon maximiliani Schrad. and the liexia collection as P. poly- anthus by Standley. The species is described by Mexia as a per- ennial herb 80 cm, tall or taller, with white flowers, abundant on streambanks. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Frées 2011) (N). Minas Geraes: P. Clausen 1) (N, N); B. Lutz hy (Herb. Rio de Jan. 47747] (Ja); Mello Barreto nl [Herb. J Jard. Bot. Bello Horiz. 17542] (N); Mexia 5764 (Ge (Gg—-286186, N); Williams & Assis 7381 (W~-1932981). State undetermined: P. Clausen 267 (N, N), san. (N, N, N, N); Martius 897 (M). PAEPALANTHUS HILATREI var. MAXIMILIANI Ruhl. This variety has been collected in anthesis in December and has been distributed as Eriocaulon maximiliani. Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: Guillemin 223 [Lake Marica] (N). PAEPALANTHUS HILAIREI var. PIAUHYENSIS Ruhl. Synonym: Paepalanthus hilairei var. paiuhyensis Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eriocaul. 9, sphalm. 19)6. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Piauhy: G. Gardner 2968 (M— isotype, N--isotype). PAEPALANTHUS HISPIDISSIMUS Herzog According to Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 148 & 150 (1923), this species is found at Bom Jesus do Rio de Contas in central Bahia, and at Alto Rio Gurgueia, Brejo do Dorreio, and Parnagu4, in southern Piauhy. It is said to be frequent in the "carrasco" and typical of the "brejo". PAEPALANTHUS HOMOMALLUS (Bong.) Mart. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: L. Riedel s.n. (T). 146 PhEi¥e TOLL. Oo GeTyA Vol. h, no. 2 PAEPALANTHUS INCANUS (Bong.) K&rn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mexia 578 (Gg—- 286185) . PAEPALANTHUS KARSTENII Ruhl. Literature: R. Espinosa, Estud. Bot. Sur Ecuad. 1: 78. 198; 2: 25. 19h. Specimens of this species have been distributed as Eriocaulon microcephalum H.B.K. and under the name Dupatya karstenii (Ruhl.) Gleason. It has been collected on wet open paramos and open grassy paramos and limestone outcrops, at altitudes of from 2900 to 4300 meters, blooming in February, April to July, and Septen- ber. It is said by Pennell and others to be a perennial herb forming dense mats, with white flowers; Killip and Smith say the heads are dark-gray. Sergent records the common name "Estrellita de p4ramo", while Espinosa describes the plant as "plantita que forma céspedes; pequefias rosetas." Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyac4: Cuatrecasas 1209 (W-- 177291), 1501 (W--1773011), 1612 (W--1773067); Herb. Escuela Normal Superior s.n. [Nevado El Bocuy] (N). Cauca: H. Pittier 1105 (W--531303), sn. (February, 1906] (W—531755, W—1114760). Cundinamarea: Appolinaire & Arthur 26 (N); Cuatrecasas 5553 (N, N), 9502 (N), 1OK55 (N); Haught 5619 (N); Killip & Ariste-Joseph 11957 (N (N); F. W. Pennell 2256 ( (N), 2685a (N). Putumayo: Cuatre- casas 1172 (W--1798)79). Santander: Killip & Smith 19557 (N, W- 1357 66). Department undetermined: lutis 2551 (iW--1562693 ). VEN- al Mérida: Sergent 51 (Ve, W—-1778033). TAchira: Cardona 311 (Ve); Steyermark 57377 (N). ECUADOR: Loja: R. Espinosa 1026 (N). Province undetermined: André K.1738 [Tambo de Savanilla] _ (N). PERU: Cuzco: F. W. Pennell 1386) (D--6)289)). PAEPALANTHUS KILLIPII Moldenke The collectors describe this plant as having ashy-gray heads, growing in marshy land at an altitude of 1500 meters, Mesa de los Santos, blooming in December. They claim that it’ is related to P. lamarckii. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Santander: Killip & Smith 15299 (Gg--31397l--isotype, N--isotype, N--photo of type, W— 1351199--type, Z--photo of type). PAEPALANTHUS KUPPERI Suesseng. This species was originally published in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 72: 293. It exists in microfilm at the Gray Herbarium and is too lengthy to copy easily. The type is said to have been collected on Chirripo Grande, Costa Rica. The west side of this mountain is in the province of Limén, while the east side is in San José. It is not known on which side the material was collected, PAEPALANTHUS LAMARCKII Kunth Corrected synonymy: Eriocaulon lamarckii (Kunth) Steud., Syn. 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 147 Pl. Cyp. 2: 276. 1855; Lasiolepis pilosa Béck., Flora 56: 90. 1873; Lasiolepsis pilosa B&ck. apud d Milne-Redhead, Kew Bull. 1948: 472, sphalm. 1948. Illustrations: “Lam., Encycl. Méth. 3: pl. 50, fig. 3. 1789. This small and easily overlooked herb is said to be common locally on wet sandy soil of open savannas, in marshy places in lower portions of valleys, in marshes along rivers, in woods and savannas near sealevel, and among grasses near footpaths in its American area of distribution. In British Honduras it grows in company with P. gentlei and Syngonanthus bartlettii, and is in- timately mixed with these and with several Seidaewie, cypera- ceous, and juncaceous species on herbarium sheets. It is said to be "very rare" in British Honduras, but occurs rather abundantly in Venezuela and the Guianas. It grows at altitudes from near sealevel to 500 meters. Specimens have been distributed as ors. lamarckianus H.B.K.® and Eriocaulon caesium Griseb,. rature: Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 506. 1041; Lecomte, Journ. de Bot., sér. 2, 1: 136. 1908; Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 595. 1909; Malme, Phanerogamen 3: 3. 1933; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 143—14. 190; Milne-Redhead, Kew Bull. 1948: 472—73. 1948. In Africa this species has been collected in moist sandy places near a roadside ditch, on poor sandy soil bare of other vegetation in rest-house compounds, on moist sand near the sea, in association with Utricularia, Polygala, and rushes where wet- season lagoons are drying up, in in sandy places in general. It has there been collected in flower in March, August, October, No- vember, and December. In the New World it has been collected in flower in February, March, August, October, November, and Decem- ber. The specimen cited by Alvaro Silveira from "Marajo" is from Marajo Island, Par4, Brazil. The species has also been collected in Monagas, Venezuela (Las Botellas, Maturin). Lecomte has described the remarkable structure of the calyx of the female flowers of this species and the resulting method of seed dispersal. Milne-Redhead notes that the detached calyxes, after the dispersal of the fruits, are quite conspicuous cling- ing to the heads of all the specimens he examined. He cites, in addition, Chevalier 20307 from French Guinea; Deighton 1441’ and Adames 90 from Sierra ‘a Leone; Bequaert s.n. {Linder 1)51] from Liberia; _ Lecomte F.30 from Gabun; and Fitzgerald 5213/2 from Mafia Island, Tanganyika. In a letter to me he states that P. J. Greenway also collected it on Mafia. He says "Whilst it is pos- sible that the species has been introduced into Tropical Africa, it is, on the other hand, quite reasonable to suppose that it is a native. It is hoped that, when collectors pay more attention to the members of this interesting if insignificant family, the distribution of P. lamarckii be shown to be a natural one." The amazingly disjointed distribution of this species is very probably due to poor collecting. It brings to mind the known dis- tribution of several other species which are inconspicuous and 148 Pe ByYotpOrl10 etek Vol. h, no. 2 therefore mostly overlooked by botanical collectors. Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth, for instance, is known from Cuba and then not again until Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, and Brazil. Tonina fluviatilis Aubl., another strictly aquatic plant, is known from Cuba, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Trinidad, Colombia, Ven- ezuela, British Guiana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, and Peru. Ghinia spicata (Aubl.) Moldenke, a terrestrial weedy verbenaceous plant, is known from British Honduras and then not again until Venezuela, British Guiana, French Guiana, and Brazil. Additional citations: BRITISH HONDURAS: H. H. Bartlett 11263 (Mi, Mi, N, N); Gentle 992a (Mi, N), 3780 (N, N); Schipp S.130 (eM). PANAMA: Coclé: Hunter & Allen 365 (E--1120006); H. Pitt- ier 1,932 (W--715108). CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Acufla 1903 (Es); _ Ekman 18121 antag Bone 2771) (Es, Hada 181 18135, in Bee ide Son. cate (Es). Province igaaveraineds C. Wright 3742 (Pa). TRINIDAD: W. E. Broadway 2145 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 25156; Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 9701] (N, R, Vi), 4980 (N), sen. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 4980] (R); Damnouse sen. (B); Wright s.n. [8/1/3] (R). COLOMBIA: Arauca: Cuatrecasas 3896 (W--1773361). Magdalena: Haught 22)1 (N). FRENCH GUIANA: Collector undesignated sn. [Cayenne, 16))] (Du), sen. [Cayenne, 185] (Du). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 2057 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7701] (Ja), 20866 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 17690] (Ja). SIERRA LEONE: Adames s.n. . [Deighton 128] (N); Deighton 140 (N). PAEPALANTHUS LANCEOLATUS Korn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: B. da Costa 138 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 47669] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS LEUCOBLEPHARUS Korn. According to Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico co Nordéste 3: 19 (1923), this species is known from 1700 meters elevations on the Serra de Itubira, in Bahia, Brazil. PAEPALANTHUS LEUCOCYANEUS Tutin Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: Maguire & Fanshawe 2326, (N). SURINAM: B. Maguire 2750 (N). PAEPALANTHUS LILLIPUTIANUS Moldenke Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: R. Giglioli s.n. [1931] (Fo--type, N—-isotype). PAEPALANTHUS LINDENII Ruhl. Killip and Smith describe this as a cespitose herb growing in clumps at 2900 meters altitude, with grayish-white heads, bloom- ing in March. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyac4: Linden 1318 (Br--iso- 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 149 type, N--fragment of isotype, N—photo of isotype, Z—-photo of isotype). Norte de Santander: Killip & Smith 20621 (N). PAEPALANTHUS LINGULATUS (Bong.) Kunth The original publication, according to a letter to me from the Columbia University library, is Eriocaulon lingulatus Bong., Mém. Acad, Petersb., sér. 6, 1: 626. 1831. The species is listed there as No. 2), rather than No. 26, as sometimes stated. In herbaria the name is often mis-spelled "Eriocaulon ligulatus Bong PAEPALANTHUS LODICULOIDES Moldenke This species is known thus far only from the high valley of Las Lagunillas, Nevado del Cocuy, altitude 000 to 300 meters, Boyac&, Colombia, blooming in September. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyac4: Cuatrecasas 1537 (N—- fragment of type, N--photo of type, W--1773030—-type, Z—-photo of type). PAEPALANTHUS LOXENSIS Moldenke Literature: R. Espinosa, Bol. Inform. Cient. Nat. Quito 2 (l1- 12): 47-8. 1948; Estud. Bot. Sur Ecuad. 2: 25. 199. Citations: ECUADOR: Loja: Steyermark 5))52 (N-type). PAEPALANTHUS LUTZELBURGII Herzog According to Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 138 & 150 (1923), this species has been found on the Serra dos Trez Irmaos, in central Bahia, where it is said to be typical of the "‘carrasco" and frequent in the "brejo", This author writes the binomial "P. luetzelburgii Herzog". PAEPALANTHUS MACAHEENSIS Ktrn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Brade 9938 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 221,06] (Ja), 1148) [Herb. Rio de Jan. 26713] (Ja), 11485 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 26714] (Ja); Moldenke & Moldenke 19613 (Mg, N, No, Ot, Pn, Sm). PAEPALANTHUS MACROCEPHALUS (Bong.) Ktrn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: G. Gardner 5280 (N). iv ae de PAEPALANTHUS MAGUIREI Moldenke The species has been collected on rocks by waterfalls at an altitude of 1400 meters, by H,;tchcock, blooming in March. Setar citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: C. B. Hitchcock 25 N). a (lei me PAEPALANTHUS MANICATUS V. A. Pouls. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Ule 272) [Herb. Rio de Jan. 772] (Ja, N). 150 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 2 PAEPALANTHUS MERIDENSIS Klotzsch The species has been collected at an altitude of 2500 meters, blooming in July. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: TAchira: Steyermark 57201 (N). PAEPALANTHUS MICROPHYLLUS (Guill.) Kunth Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto & Brade 1043 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Bello Horiz. 10729] (N). PAEPALANTHUS MINUTULUS Mart. A synonym is Eupaepalanthus minutulus Mart. ex V. A. Pouls., Vidensk. Meddel. Kjgbenhavn 1686: 31. 1888. er Seam citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mexia 5780 (Gg— 2861 PAEPALANTHUS MIRABILIS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 368 (Herb. Marie-Victorin 15832] (Vi-——isotype). PAEPALANTHUS MUSCOSUS Kérn. This species has been collected at altitudes of 3000 to 3800 meters, blooming in March. The Jahn collection cited below was compared by E. P. Killip with the type of the species in Berlin and found to be conspecific with it. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: El Cauca: Cuatrecasas 19099 (N), 19119 (A). Norte de Santander: Linden 1330 (Br, N--photo, Z—«photo). Safttander: Linden 1326, in part [La Bajal (Br). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 20270 (ii—=1900706) . VENEZUELA: Mérida: Jahn 1034 (N--fragment, N--photo, Ve, Z—-photo). BOLIVIA: La Paz: R. S. Williams 82 (N, N). Province undetermined: Tate 382 [Cocopunco, Cordillera Real] (N) «LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDESIG— NATED: Collector undesignated s.n. (Br). PAEPALANTHUS MYOCEPHALUS (Mart.) Ktrn. Synonyms: Paepalanthus myocephalus var. major Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1); P. myriocephalus Mart., in herb.; P. myocephal- us Mart., in herb. Literature: F. C. Hoehne, Relat. Anual Inst. Bot. S. Palo 1945: 39. 195. According to Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 18 & 150 (1923), this species is known from SSo Bento, in eastern Bahia, where it is said to be typical of the "brejo". It has been collected on rocks and in wet places between rocks, flower- ing and fruiting in March, July, and September. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Glocker 333 (W—-1),20860) ; Luschnath 34 [Herb. Martius 559] (C--cotype). Pernambuco: Ge Gardner s.n, [III.1837] (M); Pickel 135 (N), s.n. [Tapera, “Sept. 1929] (N). State undetermined: Herb Herb. A. A. Gray s.n. (T). PAEPALANTHUS NEOCALDENSIS Moldenke 1952 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 151 This binomial is based on the P. caldensis Alv. Silv., Fl. Montium 186, pl. 120. 1928, not P. caldensis Malme, Bihang till K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27, Afd. 3, no. li: 29, pl. 2, fig. 3. 1901. PAEPALANT HUS NEOPULVINATUS Moldenke This binomial is based on P. pulvinatus Alv. Silv., Fl. Mon- tium 37: pl. 18. 1928, not P. pulvinatus N. E. Br. in Thiselton- Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 263. 1902. PAEPALANTHUS NIGRESCENS Alv. Silv. The original publication of this binomial is in Alv. Silv., Fl. Serras Mineiras 62 (1908), but in the same author's Fl. M ntium he later mis-spells the name "P. negregens". PAEPALANTHUS OERSTEDIANUS Ktrn. A synonym is Eupaepalanthus oerstedianus Ktrn. ex V. A. Pouls., Vidensk. Meddel. Kjgbenhavn 1888: 327. 1888. Additional citations: BRAZIL: S%o Palo: Moldenke & Moldenke 19635 (Es, Lg, Mg, N, Ot, Sm). State undetermined: L. , Riedel 1777 [Serra da Sitacan! (le cotype) PAEPALANTHUS OVATUS Korn. According to Iuetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 18 & 150 (1923), this species grows at 2300 meters elevation in the Serra dos Orgaos at Acti, as well as at Casa de Pedra and Serra de Sincor4 in central Bahia. It is said to be typical of the "carrasco" and frequent in the Organ Mountains. Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: G. Gardner 5901 (N--isotype). PAEPALANTHUS OYAPOCKENSIS Herzog Additional citations: BRAZIL: Par4: Luetzelburg 20225 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7717] (Ja, N), 20331 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7713] (Ja, N), 21249 [Herb. Rio de Jan, 47716] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS PALLIDUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Costa Serra s.n. [Herb. Silveira 58; Herb. Marie-Victorin 1580] (Vi—isotype); Ule s.n. [Herb. Rio de Jan. 47755] (Ja, N). PAEPALANTHUS PARAMENSIS Moldenke The type of this cespitose herb was collected on the P4ramo del Hatico, en route from Toledo to Pamplona, at an altitude of about 2900 meters, Norte de Santander, blooming in March. Killip claims that the species is related to P. meridensis Klotzsch, but he compared it with the type of that species in Berlin and finds that they are not conspecific, Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyac4-Santander boundary: Cuatrecasas 1017 (W--1850835). Magdalena: Carriker 11 (W-- 1633470). Norte de Santander: Killip & Smith 20622 (N—-isotype, 152 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. lh, no. 2 N--photo of type, W--135566--type, Z—-photo of type). PAEPALANTHUS PAUPER Moldenke This species has been collected at an altitude of 200 meters, blooming in August. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark 57806 (N). PAEPALANTHUS PAUPERRIMUS Herzog Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 20757 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7692] (Ja--isotype, l!--isotype). PAEPALANTHUS PEDUNCULATUS (Bong.) Ruhl. The Gardner 528) collection cited below is the type collec- tion of P. falcatus Ktrn., which is a synonym of this species. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: B. da Costa 159 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 7720] (Ja); G. Gardner 528) [Macbride photos 25167] (Kr--photo, N--photo). State undetermined: G. Gardner 525 (N). PAEPALANTHUS PERPLEXANS Moldenke Citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Steyermark 5978 (N--type). PAEPALANTHUS PERPUSILLUS Kunth Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Spruce s.n, [in vic- inibus Barra, Dec.-Mart. 1850-51] (N). PAEPALANTHUS PETRAEUS Ktrn. Killip describes the species as cespitose, with smooth leaves. It has been collected at altitudes of 2620 to 3500 meters, blooming in March, May, and June. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Daniel 1701 (W-- 1743949). BoyacS: Cuatrecasas 10352 (W--1850827). Cundinamarca: Cuatrecasas 5010 (N), 962 (W--179590k) ; Haught 5775 (N); Killip 341L8 (N). Department undetermined: Linden 1302 1302 (Br--isotype, N= fragment of isotype, "--fragment of isotype, 3, N--photo of iso- type, W--1);73226--isotype, Z--photo of isotype) . PAEPALANTHUS PILIFER (Bong.) Kunth Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: L. Riedel s.n. [Serra da Lapa] (M--isotype). PAEPALANTHUS PILOSUS (H.B.K.) Kunth It is now evident to me that P. dendroides (H.B.K.) Kunth is a synonym of this species. F. L. “Herrera, Sinopsis de la Flora del Cuzco 1: 170 (191) cites P. pilosus from Puno, Amazonas, and Hudnuco, as well as from Cuzco, Peru. I, has been collected in moist sphagnum, wet open places, dry grassy paramos, base of mountains, and dry rocky gneissitic-granitic slopes, forming mats, at altitudes of 2285 to 000 meters, blooming in March, April, and September. spite as Di eS a Mote mats eB As PAT, i PHYTOLOGIA is financed entirely by its contributors, each one paying in advance for the entire cost of printing, binding, and distributing his con- tribution. All money received from subscribers, after the expenses of collection have been deducted, will be distributed among the contributors upon the completion of a volume, in proportion to the space which they have used, Each contributor is therefore a shareholder in the magazine, assuming his part of the expenses and sharing in the profit:, if any accrue. Each number consists of not less than 32 pages. - All manuscript ~ accepted will be published in the next issue, so that the size of numbers may vary greatly. A volume will contain about 32 signatures, 512 pages, or a smaller number of pages with an equivalent number of plates. This pian insures immediate publication of all accepted manuscript. Illustrations will be published according to the desires of the authors. No extra charge is made for line drawings, such as are ordinarily reproduced in zinc, or for diagrams, tables, or charts, provided they conform to certain limitations of size and proportion. An extra charge will be made for half- tones, depending on their size, as fixed by the engraver, with a minimum of about $2.25. Articles dealing with research in all lines of botany, in any reasonable length, biographical sketches, and critical reviews and summaries of liter- ature will be considered for publication. Floristic lists, casual notes of an amateur or so-called popular type, and polemics will not be published. Advice on the suitability of manuscripts will be solicited, if necessary, from quali- fied botanists. Under the present cust of printing, the basic rate for a page or fraction thereof is $1.65 for an edition of 200 copies. This price is subject to change without notice, since it depends entirely on the prices prevailing ix the printing industry. Reprints will be furnished at cost. A proportionate fraction of the edition of 200 . opies is also furnished gratis to contributors. Upon request, the editors will send detailed instructions concerning the preparation of manuscript or further information about the magazine. In- quiries may be addressed to the magazine or to either editor. Ae APs ee ee NEW YOR VG BOTANIC, GARDEN Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 4 March, 1953 No. 3 CONTENTS Laucuun, K., A floristic study of big trees of the Midwest.......... 153 Van MELLE, P. J., Monoecism in Juniperus scopulorum.............. 172 Motpenke, H.N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. XV......173 Movpenkg, H. N., The known geographic distribution of the members of the Verbenaceae, Avicenntiaceae, Stilbaceae, Symphoremaceae, and Eriocaulaceae. ADEM AIRE TEE OCs se yin stus ordi se eer iden nes i ate ttAdoPnetv ncn op scien aaesy 184 Mo.penkeE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. IX......200 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 15 Glenbrook Avenue Yonkers 5, New York Price of this number, 75 cents; per volume, $5 in advance Vol. 4, No. 2, was issued December 13, 1952 14 FLORISTIC STUDY OF BIG TREES OF THE MIDWEST Kendall Laughlin 4114 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago 24, Ill. The list of big trees near the end of this article, List l, shows in the order of their size the diameter, circumference and location of the largest individual of each species or hybrid of forest trees that I have found in _ the area enclosed within the following line: Beginning at Benton Harbor, Mich., thence thru Niles, Mich., South Bend, Plymouth, Kokomo and Indianap- olis to Jeffersonville, ind., thence down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the southeast corner of Arkansas, thence west along the southern border of Arkansas to eastern Oklahoma and north thru eastern Oklahoma and Kansas to northwestern Missouri, thence east to Fort Madison, Iowa, thence up the Mississippi River to the northwest corner of Illinois, thence east to Beloit, Wis., thence ENE via the C.M.St.P.& P. Railroad to Ra- cine, Wis. Where both the diameter and the circumference are shown in List 1, these measurements were taken at 54 inches above the ground, but where only the diameter is shown it was measured at about 62 inches above the ground or beneath the lowest limb, whichever was less, The data in List 1 up to the double vertical rule relate to the individual trees listed in the first column. The data in the last column, headed "RANGE," relate to the species shown opposite in the first colum. List 2 shows the rates of growth of large individual forest trees, arranged in plant order. The average annual increment of circumference was arrived at by dividing the difference between the last measurement and the first measurement by the growing years elapsing between the two measurements. A growing year is the period between the last killing frost of spring and the first killing frost of fall, according to the Weather Bureau's records, and the nearest tenth of a growing season was used in the computa- tions where measurements were made during the growing season. A study of List 1 shows that 86% of the trees occur in colo- nies and only 14% occur singly; i.e., one in a woodland. Perhaps the most important result flowing from this study is the rating of the woodlands. By adding together the diameters of the trees shown in List 1 in each continuous woodland (portions of which are often subdivided by name for convenience of reference), such total is treated in this paper as a measure of the magnitude of the timber in each of such tracts. The results for the fifteen highest ranking tracts are shown in the following Woodland Table: 153 154 PHYTOLOGTIA Vol. 4, no. 3 1 |Big Oak Tree State Park,Mo. 2 Turke RuMieie cs aieiciorereistalevsieictere 3 |Dardanelle, Ark.sssssceseee 80% L Pelenwood, Ares ss ts.0 vea(es'e 66% 5 |Mountain Fork, Okla........ 719% 6) [Cox WoodBics slecisisc.cssiecteve ee se 73% 7 Hot Springs, Ar Kase cle salvcte's 64% 8 [Indiana DuneS....cecceecece 49% 9 Forest Park. cccic ccs ca cecvccie 53% 10 Chechupinqua..cosccccsevsece 43% 11 |Morton Grove, TEP cieis sie eie 40% 12 Grandview, Tll.cccccccccccs 69% 13 JApplé Riverccveccscocsccccse 55% 14 |Camp Ground Road Woods,,... 50% 15 |Funkts Grove, Ill.......... 73% The data shown in the last two columns above have no bearing on the method used in rating the various tracts but they are in- cluded because of their interest to botanists. It is obvious that the number of species in a woodland has no bearing on its rank, reflecting the magnitude of the timber. Wood- lands having a large number of species and woodlands having a small number are scattered thruout the list. In the Woodland Table, the average number of species and hy- brids is 43 and the average ratio genera/species is 61%. In eleven cases out of the fifteen (73%) either a below average number of species is accompanied by an above average percentage or an above average number of species is accompanied by a below average percentage. Therefore it usually appears that where the number of species is small the number of genera is relatively large, and where the number of species is large the number of genera is rela- tively small. The combination of a small number of species and a relatively large number of genera occurs in Woodlands 1, 3, 5, 6, 12 and 15. Big Oak Tree State Park of Missouri and Funk's Grove are the near- est approaches to climax forests in the list. It is evident that a concomitant condition of climax forests is the occurrence of a rel- atively large number of genera. The probable explanation is that in the long course of evolution the process of natural selection has had more of an effect in reducing the number of species in the existing genera than in reducing the number of genera. In Woodlands 2, 8, 10, 11 and 13 the number of species is large and the number of genera is relatively small. 8, 10 and ll are in the Chicago region, whose flora is characterized by an ex- cessive development of species of Rosaceae and Salix, resulting in relatively few genera for the many species. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FIFTEEN WOODLANDS BIG OAK TREE STATE PARK, MO. Foremost and tallest of the woodlands of the Midwest is the Big Oak Tree State Park of Missouri, located 22 miles south of Charleston and 14 miles northeast of the Mississippi River. Its geographical position is unique in that it is within fifty miles of 1953 Laughlin, Big Trees of the Midwest 155 four other states. It is 37 miles southwest of Cairo, Ill., 8 miles northwest of Hickman, Ky., 10 miles north of the northern border of Tennessee, and 47 miles northeast of the northeast corner of Arkansas. Nineteen of the 34 species in this park exceed 3 feet in diam- eter. Baldcypresses, Bur Oaks, American Elms and Swamp Chestnut Oaks exceed 6 feet; Silver Maples and Eastern Cottonwoods exceed 5 feet; Rock Elms, Pecans, Shellbark Hickories, Pin Oaks and Cherry- bark Oaks exceed 4 feet; and Shumard Oaks, Green Ashes, Overcup Oaks, Swamp Red Oaks,Thornless Honeylocusts, Quercus mutabilis, Sweetgums, Black Willows and Sycamores exceed 3 feet. Following are the measured heights of a few of the park cham- pions: Bur Oak, 143 ft.; Quercus mutabilis, 143 ft. (carrying a greater height in proportion to its girth than any other American Oak); Shellbark Hickory, 128 ft.; Cherrybark Oak, 122 ft.; Swamp Red Oak, 104 ft.; Swamp Cottonwood, 63 ft.; Swamp-Privet, 32 ft.; Planertree, 31 ft.; Possumhaw, 20 ft. These trees are things to marvel at. Nowhere else east of the Pacific Coast states do trees grow to such lofty heights. An excess of precipitation in this locality favors tree growth. At New Madrid, Mo., 13 miles west, the average annual pre- cipitation is 51 inches, while at Cairo it is 41 inches and at Mem- phis it is 48 inches. The nucleus of the park was 80 acres in the northeast corner, which was purchased by the state from the Southern Hardware Co. for $8.000 for the purpose of saving the big Bur Oak, third in List l. H. S. Roberts donated 120 acres; Mrs. W. C. Bryant, Sr., 40 acres; and Mrs. Carl Mitchell, 40 acres. The remainder of the thousand acre tract was purchased from the owners. The park was presented to the State Park Board in March 1938. Credit must be given to Gov. Lloyd C. Stark (who insisted upon a thousand acre park), Mr. Elgin Davis of East Prairie and other citizens of Mississippi Coun- ty for their timely efforts in devising ways and means for the state to acquire the original tract. The state now owns 1007 acres, of which 440 acres are in Section 14, 40 acres are in Sec- tion 11, 480 acres are in Section 10 and 40 acres are in Section 3. Missourians may well be proud of this magnificent remnant of Mississippi River bottomland timber. The park is bordered by closely cultivated fields, sharply contrasting with the primeval forest a step beyond. But a botanist cannot help wishing that the area to the north to Black Bayou and east to the county highway had also been preserved, for the entire area was covered with superla- tive timber and there must have been tree monarchs of a size un- known today outside this area. TURKEY RUN Turkey Run State Park of Indiana, comprising 1520 acres, is located on Sugar Creek in northeastern Parke County 4 miles north of Marshall. In a channel carved in postglacial time, Sugar Creek passes here thru a resistant formation of red sandstone, the ero- sion of which has produced rugged scenery. The big trees are scattered thru the creek gorge, the ‘slopes of side canyons and the uplands. The largest tree is an American Elm 15'7" in circumference. This tract was homesteaded by Salmon Lusk in 1826, whose 156 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 3 holdings later aggregated nearly 1400 acres. Salmon Lusk operated a grist mill on the creek until it was washed out in 1847. His son, John, a bachelor, jealously guarded his trees from the rapaci- ty of lumbermen. After John Lusk's death in 1915 at the age of 75 it was necessary to divide the property among numerous heirs. In 1916 288 acres of big timber of the Lusk tract was sold at an auc- tion to the Hoosier Veneer Co. for $30,200. Thru prodigious efforts and publicity Richard Lieber, pioneer conservationist, aided by Mrs. Juliet V. Strauss, procured suffi- cient state funds to buy the tract for the state. And so, thru the devotion of John Lusk to his trees and the dogged persistence of Mr. Lieber and Mrs. Strauss this prime timberland, the first in Ine diana's state park system, was preserved from destruction. DARDANELLE, ARK. Dardanelle, the city of big trees, is located on the south bank of the Arkansas River about halfway between Little Rock and Fort Smith. The Oaks are apparently remnants-of big Oak timber in the high Arkansas Valley. The Cottonwood, 101 feet high, the fourth tree in List 1, is on the west side of Arkansas Highway 27 south of town. It is an extraordinary tree because the species is rare to the southward. The Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata Michaux) is one of sev- eral large specimens of the species on the grounds of the grammar school. The White Oak, located about 100 feet east of Front Street, is known as "The Arkansas Council Oak" and is honored by a bronze mar= ker erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution of Arkansas with the following inscription: "Upon this spot, under the Council Oak, acting Governor Robert Crittenden and Chief Black Fox, tribe spokesman, met in council April 1820 and made the treaty which gave to Arkansas all of the Cherokee land south of the Arkansas River." The Black Oak is growing in the yard of a residence on Front Street. GLENWOOD, ARK. The town of Glenwood, Ark. is located on the Caddo River just above the point where it emerges from the Cossatot Mountains onto the Athens Plateau. Most of the big trees are located in the riv- er valley, which was traversed by Hernando De Soto in 1541, above and below U.S. Highway 70 and on Burnham Mountain. Forty-one genera of trees are represented, which is a much greater number than in any other woodland. The growth factor here is evidently the average annual precip- itation of 57 inches, which is the greatest in the entire area cov- ered by this survey. The big trees of Glenwood are owned by Robert Newcomb of Con- way, Ark., Patrick T. Hayes of Crestwood, Ill., and others. MOUNTAIN FORK, OKLA. Located half a mile west of Mountain Fork River, half a mile north of U.S. Highway 70 and 2 miles west of Eagletown, McCurtain County, Oklahoma, this tract is noted for the presence of a gigan- tic Baldcypress, the largest and oldest tree in the entire area covered this survey. It is advertised to be two thousand years old, which may be an underestimate. The existence of this 1953 Laughlin, Big Trees of the Midwest 157 remarkable tree, growing on relatively dry ground at the northwes- tern limit of the range of the species, verifies the dendrologists’ contention that the Baldcypress makes its best growth on dry land; it grows in water only to escape the competition of other species. This tract was formerly the seat of government of the Choctaw Nation. The owner, Robert Stiles, lives in the former mansion of the Choctaw Nation's native governor. COX WOODS Cox Woods, comprising 200 acres, is located 2 miles southeast of Paoli, Ind. between U.S. Highway 150 and Indiana Highway 37. The northern part is bottomland bordering on Lick Creek and con- tains fine specimens of Black Maple. The southern part is hilly with the exception of a portion in a small tributary valley. The hill soil is a red clay, which is deeply eroded in the absence of trees. In the southern part there are comparatively large speci- mens of Northern Red Oak, Chinkapin Oak, Tuliptree, Black Walnut, White Ash, Beech, Blackgum and Flowering Dogwood. The largest tree is a White Oak with a diameter of 4°10" and a circumference of 14°7". Photographs show the most intense competition, with closely spaced spindling saplings shooting upward to the light. There seems to be nothing particularly favorable about the soil or the climate to produce such a dense growth of large trees, so that credit must be given to the Cox family and, latterly, the U.S. Forest Service for the excellent state of preservation of this tract. The south 150 acres was purchased in 1942 from the Wood-Mosaic Co. for $24,150, which was raised by public subscription thru the efforts of the Paoli Meridian Club and the Pioneer Mothers of Indi- ana Society, aided by the American Forestry Association's publici- tye The north 50 acres, known as the Jeff Cox tract, bordering on Lick Creek, was purchased in about 1945 for $1800, half of which was raised by public subseription thru the efforts of the Paoli Me- ridian Club and the other half appropriated by the U.S. Forest Ser- vice. Cox Woods is now embodied in the Hoosier National Forest. HOT SPRINGS, ARK. Here are the town of Hot Springs and the Hot Springs National Park, established in 1832. The diverse topography and the protec- tion afforded in this oldest of our national parks have produced many unusual trees of valley and mountain types. Outstanding is the magnificent Tilia nuda in Whittington Park, 11, feet high, the tallest Basswood in the United States. INDIANA DUNES The Indiana Dunes State Park, comprising 2182 acres, is locat- ed at Tremont, Porter County, Indiana, between Lake Michigan and the Chicago South Shore & South Bend Railroad. It is exactly three miles wide from east to west and has a frontage of 3.3 miles on the lake. High moving sand dunes border the lake and reach a maximum height of 193 feet above the lake. Where vegetation has been able to get a foothold, the sand hills (particularly their south slope) support a growth of Black Oak, Witch-Hazel, Sassafras and Choke- cherry, with Smooth Basswood on the summits of the dunes. The steep north slope of the dunes, facing the lake, provides a haven for the survival of the boreal conifers, while at the same time the 158 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 3 dunes encourage the growth of southern species on the lowlands by cutting off the cold north winds. The area south of the dunes, comprising more than half the total area of the park, is nearly level. A considerable area in the eastern half is a swamp, much of which is treeless. The humus that has accumulated on the sand left by the ice sheet and the persistently high humidity have encouraged the growth of a diversity of flora unequaled elsewhere in the Mid- west. It is interesting to note, in this vast ligneous display, the boreal relicts, viz: White and Jack Pines, Common Juniper, Pa- per and Gray Birches and Speckled Alder; and the southern invaders, wiz: Pin Oak, Sycamore and Pawpaw. The trees are not conspicuously large, but it is an outstan- ding fact that all the small species of endemic trees attain phen- omenal size in this particular tract. The largest tree is an Amer- ican Elm 3'2" in diameter. A Smooth Basswood is 3 feet in diame- ter. Eastern Cottonwoods, White Oaks, Northern Red Oaks, Black Ashes, White Ashes, White Pines, Black Oaks, Tuliptrees, Blackgums, Red Maples, Swamp White Oaks, Pin Oaks, Beeches and Bitternut Hick- ories exceed 2 feet in diameter. The total number of species, 71, shown in the Woodland Table on page 154,is greater than in any other woodland of similar size in the Midwest. This number includes the species in Dune Acres, adjoining the state park on the west. Sixty-nine of these species are in the state park. The two additional species in Dune Acres are Betula lutea and Quercus ellipsoidalis. The acquisition of the state park in 1925 was financed by leg- islative appropriations and contributions by private individuals and interests. Being located near a thickly populated area and of- fering diversified recreational attractions, it is the most heavily patronized of the Indiana state parks. FOREST PARK Forest Park, comprising 1375 acres, is located on the western border of St. Louis, Mo. The River Des Peres, now largely enclosed in a sewer, flows thru the northern and eastern parts. The Swamp White Oaks in the river valley in the northeastern part of the park are notably large. The White Oak is conspicuous in the uplands of the eastern part, but in the western part the Black Oak and the Shingle Oak are very common. In the vicinity of the Art Museum there are an extraordinary number of specimens of Quercus bushii (marilandica x velutina) and one large specimen of Quercus runcinata (borealis y% imbricaria). Aside from the estab- lishment of the many hybrid Oaks, the upland forest appears to be of youthful age. An act was passed by the Missouri Legislature in 1872 author- izing the purchase by the City of St. Louis of a thousand or more acres of land for a public park. As the result of the opposition of property owners, the Missouri Supreme Court declared the act un- constitutional. In 1874 another bill meeting the objections was approved by the Legislature. This law gave the County Court of St. Louis discretionary power in the purchase of grounds. In pursuance of this authority appraisers were appointed to fix the value of the lands, which were then owned mainly by C. P. Chouteau, John Ca- banne, William Forsyth and Thomas Skinker. The Forest Park tract, comprising 1371 acres, was purchased by the city under condemnation 1953 Laughlin, Big Trees of the Midwest 159 proceedings for $799,995, the value fixed by the appraisers. The outdoor Municipal Theater, Jewel Box, Art Museum, Jeffer- son Memorial and Zoo are in this park, which was also the site of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904. CHECHUPINQUA The Chechupinqua tract extends along the Des Plaines River from Belmont Avenue to Devon Avenue and includes interesting types of woods spreading over the level drift plain for nearly a mile east of the river. It includes the Chechupinqua Woods, Schiller Woods and Robinsons Woods of the Cook County Forest Preserves. With a representation of 61 species, Chechupinqua presents an excellent cross section of the flora of the Chicago region and a superb test for the taxonomist. There are six species of Willows and five species of Oaks. The Rosaceae are found in great variety and numbers. The Hawthorn forests, composed of the arborescent species crus-galli, arduennae, punctata, disperma, macrosperma pen- tandra, tortilis, pedicellata, mollis, gemmosa and calpodendron, reach their most expansive development here. The shrubby Hawthorns grow in dense thickets, the medium trees form dark canopies with interwoven branches, and the large species grow in open fashion. The variable Quercus ellipsoidalis, appearing in five forms, is very common. The largest specimen, which has a circumference of 7'k", has acorns identical with Q. coccinea tuberculata except for their darker color and should be regarded as a hybrid if the Scar- let Oak were in the region. The European species Salix fragilis, thoroly naturalized; Populus alba and Morus alba are also adven- tive. The Ashes are very numerous and the Green, Red and White Ashes reach a large size. The largest tree is the A.F.A. champion Green Ash, on the north bank of the Des Plaines River in Robinsons Woods, which has a diameter of 3'6", a circumference of 12'3", a spread of 75' and a height of 62'. Part of the Chechupinqua Woods is of the nature of a park forest, composed of Oaks, Elms, Ashes and some Red and Silver Maples. Chechupinqua includes half a section given to Claude La Fram- boise and two sections of land given to Chief Chechupinqua of the Potawatomi, Ottawa and Chippewa Nations in a treaty made by the Federal Government with those nations in 1833. This gift to Chief Chechupinqua, whose English name was Alexander Robinson, was a re- ward for the aid he gave to survivors of the Fort Dearborn Massa- cre. Chief Chechupinqua died in 1872 at the age of 110 years and is buried in the Robinson family cemetery in Robinsons Woods. His descendants still live in Robinsons Woods. MORTON GROVE, ILL. This tract consists of a strip of timber bordering the North Branch of the Chicago River and extending from Oakton Street to Lake Avenue. It comprises the Miami Woods, St. Paul Woods, Linne Woods, Northwestern Golf Course, Harms Woods and Glenview Memorial Woods of the Cook County Forest Preserves. This timber is rather impressive. American and Slippery Elms, Silver Maples, Crack Willows, Eastern Cottonwoods, Swamp White and Northern Pin Oaks, White Ashes and Smooth Basswoods reach a diame- ter of 3 feet or more. The largest tree is an American Elm with a circumference of 18'10" in the St. Paul Woods. 160 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 3 In aboriginal days this tract supported a population of five thousand Potawatomi Indians. GRANDVIEW, ILL. The rank of this tract is the result of the presence of a huge American Elm, the second largest tree in the entire area cov- ered by this survey and the largest tree in Illinois, which has an average diameter of 7'10", a circumference of 24'8", a spread of 92' and a height of 82'. It is on the south side of the Paris-Van- dalia Road half a mile southwest of Grandview, Edgar County, Illin- ois, in a pasture owned by Minnie S. Snyder. The locality is a terminal moraine of the Early Wisconsin ice sheet. In stagecoach days the driver had standing instructions to blow his horn when he passed this "big Elm tree” as a signal to the hostler in the tavern at Grandview to have a change of horses ready. This tavern was a favorite resort of Abraham Lincoln's when he was practising as a circuit lawyer, traveling on horseback; and the cabin where his father, Tom, spent his late years was only 22 miles distant on the Vandalia Road. In the preparation of the data in the last two columns of the Woodland Table on page 154 and the range column of List 1, the spe- cies in Foley Woods, 3 miles east of Grandview, were included along with those at Grandview. ; APPLE RIVER Apple River Canyon State Park, comprising 157 acres, is locat- ed at the confluence of Apple River and its South Fork in Jo Da- viess County in the northwest corner of Illinois. Below the con- fluence the river flows thru a canyon about 150 feet wide lined with vertical or steep walls 100 feet or more high. The state ac- quired the park in 1932. In the operation of the two sawmills in the early day settle- ment of Millville, which was located at the confluence, all mer- chantable timber was stripped from the area of the park. The trees in List 1 are a Boxelder (beside the old stagecoach barn--evidently passed up by the early timber cutters as valueless), a Bigtooth As- . pen, a Quaking Aspen and a Bebb Willow, all in the park; and a But- ternut, on the east side of the river about 300 feet south of the park on Charles Foster's property. It is very unfortunate that all the virgin timber of value was destroyed because this insular area was not touched by the ice sheets of the Pleistocene period and served as a center of dispersion of plant life after the glacial retreat; there were probably Oaks, Hickories and Rock Elms of for- midable size. Apple River was named for the many Crab Apples on its banks, conspicuous in bloom in the early spring; but today scarcely a sin- gle Crab Apple can be found in the park. CAMP GROUND ROAD WOODS, ILL. The Camp Ground Road Woods of the Cook County Preserves liez east of the Des Plaines River between Oakton Street and Algonquin Road (Illinois Highway 62). The area east of the river is a level drift plain. The species are those commonly found in woods along the Des Plaines River. The largest tree is a Crack Willow with a circunm- ference of 13', a spread of 81' and a height of 47'. The other trees in List i area Glossy Buckthorn, another European invader; 1953 Laughlin, Big Trees of the Midwest 161 and a Downy Hawthorn, which has a circumference of 7'7", a spread of 49' and a height of 29' and is probably the largest Hawthorn in the world. All three are A.F.A. champions. FUNK'S GROVE, ILL. Funk's Grove, which was settled by Isaac Funk” in 1823, is lo- cated 9 miles southwest of Bloomington, Ill. on the G.M.& 0. Raile- road and U.S. Highway 66. An unbelievable gem of magnificent vir- gin timber, Funk's Grove, like other Illinois prairie groves, has developed its own specialties. Here Blue Ashes, Slippery Elms and Bur Oaks attain an extraordinary size. The Blue Ashes of Funk's Grove surpass any of their kind found elsewhere in the United States. The A.F.A. champion Blue Ash, owned by S. D. Funk, has a diameter of 3'3", a circumference of 10'3" amd a height of 116'. It is the tallest known Ash of any species. The largest tree is a Bur Oak with a diameter of 4'8" and a circumference of 14'6", In addition to the three species mentioned above, American Elms, White Oaks, Northern Red Oaks, Eastern Cottonwoods and White Ashes attain a diameter of 3 feet or more. It is hoped that the Funk Household Trust, representing numer- ous members of the Funk family that own subdivided proportions of the timber, and Thad Stubblefield will continue to protect this tract from cutting as successfully as they have done in the past; for commercial exploitation of this superb timber would be a disas- ter of the first magnitude. COMMENTS ON THE RANGES A hyphen in the "RANGE" column of List 1 means that the inter- vening numbers are included as well as the end numbers. Ulmus americana is the most widely distributed species, being found in all fifteen woodlands. Quercus alba and Prunus serotina are found everywhere except in the Big Oak Tree State Park. Fraxi- nus americana, Quercus borealis, Acer negundo, Morus rubra and Car- ya ya cordiformis are found in twelve of the fifteen woodlands. It is curious to observe that Fraxinus americana and Quercus borealis have exactly the same distribution, but the champion trees are lo- cated three states apart. The general range of Quercus velutina extends thruout this re- gion, but this species avoids certain areas. It is found thruout Indiana. Its absence from Woodlands 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15 indi- cates that it is absent from most of the northern half of Illinois. Its absence from No. 1 indicates that it is absent from the Missis- sippi River bottoms. Nine taxa, indicated by blanks, do not show up in any of the fifteen woodlands. They are taxa of more or less limited distribu- tion. Quercus coccinea is found in the Ozark hills of southern Il- linois, the uplands of southeastern Missouri and Crowley's Ridge of Arkansas. Tilia palmeri is the common Basswood of western Missouri and Kansas. Magnolia acuminata is said to be found in Crowley's Ridge in Missouri. The other six taxa are almost or entirely con- fined to the localities where their champions are shown. 162 PoHOYs T20. LHOPG 70K Vol. 4, no. 3 COMMENTS ON LIST 2 Stems of trees shrink in drouth. Measurements taken during the dry summer and fall of 1952 were less in some cases than previ- ous measurements. The table shows wide differences in some cases in the growth rates of different trees of the same taxon. In the case of Prunus pensylvanica, the difference in the growth rates of Nos. 71 and 72 is the result of open growth versus forest growth. Nos. 58, 63, 65 and 69 are growing within fifty feet of each other in the Chechu- pinqua Woods; the locality is a crowded, overmature Rose forest in a state of stagnation, and consequently the growth rates are negli- gible or nearly so. The average growth rate of the Salicaceae, Nos. 4 to 9, is -85"/yr. It is well known that there are great differences in the growth rates of the white Oaks and the bristle-tipped Oaks. The average growth rate of the Lepidobalanus Oaks, Nos. 19 to 30, is -42"/yr.; that of the Erythrobalanus Oaks, Nos. 31 to 45, is 1.17"/yr. These figures are equivalent to a ratio of 279 to 100. The slow growth rate of Quercus macrocarpa, which is the lar- gest species of Oak in Illinois and Missouri, is noteworthy. The ages of many of the trees must be measured in hundreds of years. My estimate of the age of the A.F.A. champion in List 1, based on a growth rate of .4"/yr., is 643 years. Following the general principle that species attaining a large size at maturity grow faster than small species, Crataegus mollis is the largest and fastest growing of the Hawthorns. Next in the order of their growth rates come the Punctatae, Coccineae, Macra- canthae and Crus-galli groups of Crataegus. Of the species that attain a diameter of 3 feet or more, Tilia americana is the slowest grower. The measured growth of No. 82, in the Black Partridge Woods of Cook County, Illinois, indicates that it is 800 years old. SUMMARY 1. In a dendrological survey listing the largest individual of each species of forest tree found in an area of the Midwest equivalent to about five states, the big trees are found to be widely scattered but they have a strong tendency to be concentrated in groups scattered thruout the region. 86% are found in colonies and 14% occur singly. 1953 Laughlin, Big Trees of the Midwest 163 2. The total of the diameters of the listed big trees in each woodland is regarded as a measure of the magnitude of the timber. When the woodlands are rated according to the total of such diame- ters in each woodland, it is found that of the fifteen highest rat- ed ones three are in Indiana, six are in Illinois, two are in Mis- souri, three are in Arkansas and one is in Oklahoma. 3. Nineteen percent of the listed big trees are in the Big Oak Tree State Park of Missouri and the Indiana Dunes, woodlands of widely different characteristics. 4. It is usually the case that where the number of species in a woodland is small the number of genera is relatively large, and where the number of species is large the number of genera is rela- tively small. 5. Ulmus americana, Quercus alba and Prunus serotina are the most generally distributed species. 6. The fastest growing taxon is Quercus shumardii Buckley. 7. Individual specimens of Pinus banksiana, Crataegus disper- ma, Crataegus pedicellata and Tilia americana showed no measurable growth for a period of five years or more. 8. The Erythrobalanus Oaks grow nearly three times as fast as the Lepidobalanus Oaks and faster than the Salicaceae. 9. Species attaining a small size at maturity grow more slow- ly than large species. lthe author's previous article in this field was published in the May 1947 issue of "The American Midland Naturalist." 2nFunk of Funk's Grove," by Helen M. Cavanagh: Pantagraph Printing Co., Bloomington, Ill. 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Juniperus virginiana... Salix nigra....cccccees Salix amygdaloides..... Salix fragilis......... *Salix discolor eriocephala #Populus deltoides...... Populus tacamahaca..... Juglans cinerea......-. Carya cordiformis...... Carya laciniosa........ *Carya laciniosa........ Carya tomentosa........ Carya texana arkansana. Ostrya virginiana...... Ostrya virginiana...... *Alnus rugosa americana. Quercus alba.....eeeess Srcus AlBaAecccccccoce Quercus UR eis cesieleicias « *Quercus bebbiana....... Quercus stellata....... Quercus lyrata......... Quercus macrocarpa..... Quercus macrocarpa..... Quercus bicolor........ Quercus prinus......... Quercus muehlenbergii.. Quercus prinoides...... Quercus palustris...... *Quercus mutabilis...... Quercus shumardii Quercus we a wre wo ~ DOOnNkFOrRPrFF NOW OrHFAF O ~ WMnNwWORDA om rere md oe e e e e Wawra =) ~ NAN OWN FMONODNMNABEWOONHNNIOOrKWUNAS * LOCATION Portereccsecce Porterescccce PANG s sieve iss, 7 NEW YORK BOTANICAL PHYTOLOGIA.. Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 4 June, 1953 No. 4 CONTENTS Monacuino, J. V., A new species of Strychnos from Rio PRUMITR PERO PE LN 5 Sen tid asst dscvahciacie ty cash aun api usbeocbs petetirat shear ways 209 earn, L. B., Notes on Bromeliacede. [......sc.s.sccccessssessascecesaseseseenses 213 MovpenkgE, H.N., A new textbook on the fungi........cscccereeeee 222 Dayton, W. A., Seven small plant collections in Costa Rica and neighboring Panama ..u....ccssccsccssserceeseessersereseess 223 Mo tpenkg, H. N., The known geographic distribution of the members of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, Symphoremaceae, and Eriocaulaceae. TN ET TS RN USI ORE NY so See SSE DUR Ba MES EE a 266 IAM NESS, 1s., Tortus durobrivenstys I .:....3.sdececehosscstpscsebseseosasobeven 269 Mo.pEnkE, H.N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. XVI....285 5 Mo.penkeE, H.N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. X......295 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 15 Glenbrook Avenue Yonkers 5, New York Price of this number, $1; per volume, $5 in advance Vol. 4, No. 3, was issued March 24, 1953 A NEW SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS FROM RIO OIAPOQUE Joseph V. Monachino STRYCHNOS EUGENIAEFOLIA Monachino, sp. nov. Arbuscula scandens, partis vegetetis omnino gla- bris, ramis cinereis, petiolis ca. 2-3 cm. longis, laminis foliorum ovatis usque ad elliptico-ovatis, ca, 4-6.5 cm. longis, 2-3.5 cm. letis, ed basin rotundato- cunestis, ad apicem acuminatis, triplinervis, reticu- lo venularum undique modice prominente; fructis sphae- ricis magnis ca. cm. diam., seminibus numerosis ca, 2.5 cm. longis, 1.8 cm. latis. Vine, the vegetative parts completely glabrous, the branches cinereous; petioles ca, 2-3 mm, long; bledes ovate to elliptic-ovate, ca. 4-6.5 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. broad, broadly or roundly cuneete at base, acuminate at apex, little shining above, somewhat paler beneeth, drying greyish with some tint of yell- ow, subcoriaceous, 3-plinerved and also with a pair of faint marginal nerves, the inner pair opposite end diverging neer bese of blade, the principal lateral nerves (secondaries) ascending (making ca. 60 degree angle with the midrib at middle of blade), the reticu- letion moderately prominent on both surfaces. Inflo- rescence and flowers lacking. Fruit globose, very large, (4.5-) 8 cm. diam., shell ca. 3 mm. thick, seeds numerous, flattened, irregular, ce. 2.5 cm. long, 1.8 cm. broad, the surface lightly roughened, glebrous, cinereous, the testa crustaceous. Type. - R. L. Frées 2584), Brezil, Territorio do Amep&, Rio Oiepogque, entre Igerapé Moncherri e Igar- ap&é Nataia, floresta elta, terra firme, beixa, 4-II- 1950, cipd de 9 cm. (Matured leafy stem and two sepa- rate fruits, deposited at The New York Botanical Gar- den.) The river has veriant spelling: Oyapok, Oya- pock, Oyapoc, Olapock; it is on the boundary of French Guiane and northern Brazil. Although the flowers of S. eugenisefolie are not known and consequently its alliance is not revealed, it is easily distinguished from ell the American species of Strychnos described, by its small ovate leaves and the total lack of puberulence or any kind of indumentum on its brenchlets, petioles and leef- blades. Verruculosity and microscopic (atomic) dots are absent from the leaves. Tendrils, but not spines, have been observed on this vine, The association of large fruits with small leaves recalls S. pechyeesrpa. According to A. Ducke, the fruit resembles that of S. Blackii. 209 210 PY £0 DOG be Vol. h, no. Dr. Ducke informed me (letter of March 30, 1952) thet the species was collected twice by Frées and later also by G. A. Black. The fruits were obtsined on the first collection. R. Frées hes made attempts to locate flowers of the plant, but without success, Sr. Frées hes provided me with an illustration showing a brenching stem with folisege and also a de=- tached fruit. It is from this sketch I infer thet the plant hes tendrils. Since the original monograph in 1942, six new species of Strychnos heve been proposed: achycarpa Ducke (1945), Duckei Kruk. & Monach,. (196) Kruk-= offiena Ducke (1947), Torresiena Kruk. & Monach. (1948), Blackii Ducke (1950), Froesii Ducke (1951). In addition, three old species heve -een reinstated, Cnly one, S. hachensis Karsten (nomen confusum), was deleted in 1947 from our list of valid species. At least one other, S. Barnhertiena Krukoff, has been questioned; S. Smithiana Krukoff also needs clarifi- cation, S. Torresiana, originally described from sterile material, fells in the intricate complex involving s. rubiginosa and relatives in the section Breviflorae; this hes been ascertained by recent collection of its flowers. Ducke (1951) thought he had the fruit of the species from Rio de Janeiro, demonstreting an easy distinction between it and other members of the Brevifloreae. But later (letter of Oct. 10, 1952) he visited the station where the fruit hed been collected and found S. trinervis and S. Torresisena climbing on the same tree, and he verified that the fruit de- scribed and depicted in the Boletim wes of S. triner- vis. ~ §. Froesii very closely resembles S. javariensis vegetatively, judging from a sterile specimen collect- ed by Ducke at Manaus ("No. 6," Aug. 8, 1941) and de- posited at The New York Botanical Garden. The other Garden specimen, cited by Ducke as belonging to a young plant of S. Froesii (Luiz Emygdio de Mello Filho 567), is like S. hirsutus. S. javariensis has terminal flowers (Ducke 1770), whereas e inflores- cence of S, Froesii was described as axillery. Ducke (1950) wrote that the fruits of S. javsriensis are perfectly like those of S. diaboli, frequently a little larger. The fruit-shell of S. diaboli is freg- ile and thin, 1 mm. or less thick, Whereas that of S,. Froesii is described as hard-woody and very thick, 5- 7 mm. thick, Experiments mede at the Instituto Agro- nOmico do Norte indicate thet the extract of the bark of young plents of S. Froesii is more poisonous then that of any other species of Strychnos studied there, Ducke has discovered thet the fruits are very 1953 Monachino, New species of Strychnos 211 important in the diegnoses of certain species of Strychnos, This is particulerly so in the section Breviflorse, in which the flowers are nearly identi- cel in many species. S. brechistantha and S. nigri- cens have nearly identical flowers and also sesety identicel foliage, end it has been hinted that they may be conspecific. The former was believed confined to the northern region, Mexico and Central America to northern South America. Collections from Brazil were reported as S, nigricens, principally because of geo- graphical considerations; but the sefety of this cri- terion has been exploded, Ducke examined fruiting specimens resembling S. nigricens in every respect except for the very different fruits, collected in So Peulo end Mines by Dr. Kuhlmann and his nephew, The fruits were incomparably larger, hard-shelled, and contained meny seeds, different from those of S&S. nigricans, Believing at first he had a new species, Ducke did not rest, but with his customary meticu- lousness borrowed for comparison flowering specimens, including an isotype, and s fruit of Central American S. brachistantha. It seemed hsrdly admissible that The seme species could grow in two widely sepsreted ereas with very different climates (in the plsteeu of So Paulo and Minas the meen annuel temperature is 17 to 18 degrees Centigrade, minima sometimes below zero). Yet Ducke found the two morphologicelly not seperable (letter of Sept. 29, 1951). On besis of this discovery, S. brachistanthe must be acknowlecged the most wide-spread Strychnos in America, The foregoing discussion, then, would suggest that expansion hes been the generel trend in Strych- nos since 1942. Only one species hss been submerged; of the six recently described, I would hold S. Torre- siana under suspicion, but little reduction Is other- wise anticipated. One can, thus, with some confi- dence a priori accept novelties in the genus if pro- posed after reasonable study. S. eugenisefolia, how- ever, needs no such circumstantial support, for it is so different from other species that not even affin- ity cen be suggested, Frées and Ducke communicete that a second new species from Rio Olapocque was recently discovered by Frées, who is describing it in the Boletim of I. A. N. Its specific epithet will be based on the name of the river. I rely completely on information received from Frées end Ducke thet S. eugenisefolia and Frées! new species are surely not the same, The chief studies on American Strychnos since the monograph in 192 heve been conducted by Dr. Ducke. True that a score of pepers on the genus has 212 PHY BOL OG EA Vol. 4, no. been written by the authors of the monograph, but these supplements and regional recapitulations hold a distant second place to the discoveries and explo- rations by Ducke and Frées, Because of the superior work now being done by these botanists, I desired S. eugeniacfolia, which I first announced to be a new species in 1950 on basis of leafy material only, to be published by them. But they encouraged me to de- scribe it myself, and to help the diagnosis, Rubens Rodriques Lima on the recommendation of Ducke and Frées dispatched to me, late in 1952, two fruits of the species, without which I would not have submit- ted the present article. REFERENCES TO PUBLICATIONS BY A. DUCKE 1945. O género Strychnos L. na Amaz@nia Brasileira. Boletim Técnico do Instituto Agrondmico do Norte 3: 5-23; illust. I, II. 1917. New forest trees and climbers of the Amazon, VI. Tropical Woods 90: 27-28. 1950. Plantas novses on pouco conhecidas da Amaz6nia. Boletim Técnico do Instituto Agron6mico do Norte 19: 20-29; illust. VII-IxX. 1951. A new Gurare-plant from the Brazilian Amazon, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 23: 2O9=2126) Lldnet. ps2 bbs By 1951. O género Strychnos no Rio de Janeiro. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Serie, Bot@nica 13: 1-7; illust. pe he Tae NOTES ON BROMELIACEAE. I Lyman B, Smith This series is begun with the aim of providing names for new taxa and combinations whose publication would be unduly delayed otherwise. Abbreviations for herbaria follow standard practice. COLOMBIA and ECUADOR AECHMEA HOPPII (Harms) L. B. Smith, comb. nov. Streptocalyx hoppii Harms, Notizbl. 12: 526. 1935. Pl. I, fig. 13 Sepal x1; fig. 2: Petal xl. Type locality: On trees in dense forest, Archidona, Prov. Oriente, Ecuador, 900-1,000 meters. Type collected by W. Hopp (No. 1016). COLOMBIA: PUTUMAYO: Uchupayaco, on the planada between Urcu- sique and Umbria on the banks of the Rio Uchupayaco, alt. 300 m., Feb. 22-23, 1942, R. EB. Schultes 3368 (GH). Mpiphyte, Rio San Miguel or Sucumbios, Conejo and vicinity, by the Quebrada Conejo, alt. 300 m., April 2-5, 1942, RB. B. Schultes 3517 (GH). EBpiphyte, Valley of Sibundoy, Sibundoy, alt. ca. 2,225=2, 300 m., May 29, 1946, Re E, Schultes 6606a (US). ECUADOR: NAPO-PASTAZA: Mera, April 17, 1940, Lugo 213 (S). Harms described his Streptocalyx hoppii as having appendaged petals, thereby tacitly admitting that it was in the wrong genus. The type, which was presumably in Berlin, has not been seen but the collections by Schultes and that by Lugo from the type region agree closely with his detailed description. ECUADOR TILLANDSIA ZAMORENSIS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AT. duidae L. B. Smith, cui valde affinis, inflorescentia parva bipinnata, bracteis membranaceis differt. Stemless; leaves to 45 cm. long, equaling the inflorescence, densely and minutely lepidote beneath, green; sheaths ovate, inconspicuous; blades ligulate, broadly acute and apiculate, flat, 3 cm. wide; scape erect, 3 mm. in diameter; scape-bracts imbricate and closely enfolding the scape, elliptic, acute, membranaceous, finely nerved, minutely lepidote toward the apex; inflorescence subdensely bipinnate, 20 cm. long; primary bracts ovate, 3 cm. long; spikes suberect, short-stipitate with l or 2 sterile bracts at base, lance-oblong, acute, strongly complanate, 7 cm. long, 15 mm. wide, densely 12~flowered; rha- chis flexuous, excavated; floral bracts more or less imbricate but narrow and not at all concealing the rhachis, equaling the sepals, lance-oblong, acute, strongly carinate, thin, nerved, obscurely lepidote toward the apex; flowers short-pedicellate; sepals free, lance=-oblong, acute, 15 mm. long, carinate, obscurely lepidote; petals imperfectly known, 4 mm. longer than 213 21h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 4 the sepals, yellowish rose (! Scolnik). Pl. I, fig. 3: Apex of leaf x 4; fig. 4: Primary bract and spike x 4; fig. 5: Sepal xi. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected on the Gualaquiza route to the Rio Zamora, Province of Santiago-Zamora, Ecuador, altitude 850 meters, December 25, 1948, by Rosa Scolnik (No. 1500). This species is based on a single plant and further collec- tions are necessary to ascertain the value of the characters used to distinguish it from Tillandsia duidae. PERU GUZMANIA CRYPTANTHA L. B. Smith var. PAUCIFLORA L. B. Smith, ver. nov. A var. cryptantha fasciculis paucifloris, sepalis minoribus differt. Inflorescence 15 cm. long exclusive of the lower primary bracts which attain 24 om.; fascicles 4—-flowered; sepals 15 mm. long, connate for 10 mn. Type in the Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado", Lima, Peru, collected in subtropical forest, Carpish, ridge between Huanuco and Tingo Maria, altitude 2,800-2,900 meters, August 9, 1947, by R. Ferreyra (No. 2404). PITCAIRNIA ASPLUNDII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. P. densifloram Brongn. in systema Mezii proxima sed foliis subtus membrana alba e lepidibus formata vestitis, bracteis florigeris atro-rubentibus, sepalis oblongis, ovario 1/2 infero differt. Epiphytic (! Asplund); leaves (only one known), about 2 m. long, entire, petiolate, glabrous above, covered beneath with a fine white membrane of fused scales, the blade linear with a narrow median channel, caudate-acuminate, flat, 5 cm. wide; scape over 2 dm. long, 1 cm. in diameter, red (! Asplund), almost black when dry, finely brown-flocculose; upper scape- bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, exceeding the internodes, chartaceous, brown-flocculose; inflorescence simple, very densely cylindric, 23 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter, brown- flocculose; floral bracts like the upper scape=-bracts, erect, 5 cm. long, blackish red (! Asplund); flowers subsessile; sepals oblong, asymmetric, rounded and apiculate, 25 mm. long, ecarinate, subcoriaceous; petals curved-spreading, strongly zygomorphic, linear=spatulate, truncate, 7 cm. long, red, bear- ing a large entire scale at base; stamens included, anthers linear, 12 mm. long;ovary only about 1/2 superior; ovules apiculate. Pl. I, fig. 6: Leaf x 1/20; fig. 7: Flower x 1; fig. 8: Sepal x 1; fig. 9: Base of petal x l. Type in the Riksmeeet at Stockholm, collected on the shore of a rivulet in forest, Tingo Maria, Province of Huanuco, Department of Huanuco, Peru, July 16, 1940, by E. Asplund (No. 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 215 12263). PITCAIRNIA FERREYRAE L. B. Smith, sp. nov. P. archeri L. B. Smith in systema Mezii proxima sed foliorum laminis multo brevioribus latioribusque, inflorescentia pauci- flora, bracteis florigeris acutis tenuibus differt. Caulescent; stem 1 cm. in diameter, covered with the remains of old leaf-sheaths; new leaves fasciculate on the apex of the stem, apparently dimorphic but only one type well preserved; sheaths broadly ovate, 2 cm. long, serrate, dark castaneous, covered with a membrane of coalesced buff scales; petiole 15 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, subdensely serrate with dark spreading spines 2-3 mm. long; blade broadly oblanceolate, acuminate, long- cuneate at base, 44 cm. long, exceeding the inflorescence, 10 cm. wide, flat, entire, glabrous above, minutely flocculose beneath; scape erect, 4 mm. in diameter, densely brown- flocculose; scape-bracts erect, imbricate, the upper ones lan- ceolate, acute, membranaceous; inflorescence simple, dense, 7 em. long; floral bracts broadly ovate, acute, distinctly shorter than the sepals, membranaceous; flowers subsessile; sepals lan- ceolate, acute, strongly asymmetric, 26 mm. long, ecarinate, subcoriaceous, dark brown, brown-flocculose; only very young petals known, appsrently naked; anthers linear, apiculate; ovary largely superior; ovules apparently ecaudate. Pl. I, fig. 10: Leaf x 1/20; fig. 11: Floral bract and flower x 1; fig. 12: Sepal x l. Type in the Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado", collected in tropical forest at Plantacion Margarita, near Divisoria, Province of Coronel Portillo, Department of Loreto, Peru, altitude 1,500-1,600 meters, August 14, 1946, by R. Ferreyra (No. 1044). In habit, Pitcairnia ferreyrae closely resembles P. pulchella Mez of Ecuador, but because of its naked petals and short floral bracts it falls nearer to P. archeri in Mez's key in the Pflanzenreich. PITCAIRNIA SUBULIFERA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. P. recurvatam (Scheidw.) C. Koch in systema Mezii proxima sed apicibus foliorum crasse subulatis atris, laminis utrinque gla- bris, sepalis acuminatis, petalis nudis differt. Flowering plant 2 m. high (! Asplund); leaves all ending in a stout pungent black subulus, dimorphic, some reduced to lance- elliptic sheaths, 26 cm. long, dark castaneous and densely but fugaciously brown-flocculose toward the base, other leaves about lm. long, subpetiolate, the blades linear, acuminate, 4 cn. wide, flat and without a distinct channel, glabrous; scape 15 mm. in diameter, fugaciously white-flocculose; lower scape- bracts foliaceous, the upper ovate, acuminate, 6-7 cm. long; inflorescence simple, densely cylindric, 27 cm. long, glabrous; floral bracts erect, triangular-ovate, acuminate, 5 cm. long, much exceeding the sepals, chartaceous, nerved; pedicels 216 Pee AOI0.1G, Bod Vol. h, no. distinct, 3 mm. long; sepals narrowly triangular, 22 mm. long, nerved, the posterior ones carinate; petals 5 cm. long, coiling- recurved at anthesis, green (! Asplund), naked; anthers linear, 12 mm. long; ovary 2/3 superior; ovules caudate. Pl. I, fig. 13: Floral bract x 1; fig. 14: Sepal x 1. Type in the Riksemseet at Stockholm, collected on rock at Carpish, Province of Huanuco, Department of Huanuco, Peru, acne 2,600 meters, August 16, 1940, by E. Asplund (No. 13163). PITCAIRNIA UMBRATILIS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AP. brunnescente L. B. Smith, cui affinis, laminis foliorum angustioribus, scapi bracteis nervatis, bracteis florigeris angustis tenuibusque, sepalis minoribus differt. Caulescent, flowering shoot 7 dm. long; leavee 8 dm. long; sheath broadly ovate, 3 cm. long, coarsely sulcate, dark cas- taneous, finely brown=flocculose; petioles 1 cm. wide, whitish- flocculose beneath, pectinate-serrate with dark slender spines 5 mm. long; blade linear, acuminate with an apical subulus, 35 mm. wide with a very narrow median channel, entire, sparsely pale-flocculose beneath; scape about 1 cm. in diameter; scape=- bracts erect, very densely imbricate, the lowest foliaceous, the succeeding ones loosing the blade and then the peticle but en- larging tke sheath, the highest elliptic, over 15 cm. long, pectinate-serrate with a stout dark subulate apex, strongly nerved; inflorescence simple, densely cylindric, 3 dm. long, brown-flocculose; floral bracts erect, all exceeding the sepals, serrulate, thin, nerved, the lowest broadly ovate, the others linear-lanceolate; pedicele slender, 6 mm. long; sepals narrowly triengular, 28 mm. long, ecarinate, nerved; petals curved at an- thesis, 65 mm. long, naked, green (! Asplund); stamens included, anthers linear, 11 mm. long; ovary 3/4 superior; ovules caudate. Pl. I, fig. 15: Leaf x 1/20; fig. 16: Floral bract x 1; fig. 17: Sepal xl. Type in the Riksmuseet at Stockholm, collected in dense moist forest at Carpish, Province of Huanuco, Department of Huanuco, Peru, altitude 2,850 meters, August 15, 1940, by E. Asplund (No. 13162). PUYA MEDICA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. P. pauperam Mez in systema Mezii proxima sed bracteis ampli- oribus, grosse serratis, lepidotis, pedicellis brevibus, flori- bus majoribus, sepalis spinuloso-acuminatis differt. Caulescent, the stem 3 cm. in diameter; flowering shoot 25=27 cm. high; leaves many, rosulate at the end of the stem, to 20 cm. long; sheaths suborbicular, 25 mm. long, their apical third serrulate and densely lepidote; blades narrowly triangu- lar, acuminate, 12 mm. wide, glabrous above, covered beneath with white appressed scales, laxly serrate with slender spread- ing spines 3 mm. long; scape erect, slender, densely white- flocculose; scape-bracts subfoliaceous, the upper ones with thin 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 217, roseate sheaths; inflorescence slenderly cylindric with the api- cal third simple, 10-20 cm. long, 2-3 cm. in diameter; primary bracts triangular-ovate, acuminate, 3-4 cm. long, exceeding the few-flowered axillary branches, pectinate-serrate, subcharta- ceous, deep rose, covered with white appressed scales; floral bracts of the branches like the primary bracts, shorter than the sepals; pedicels distinct, to 3 mm. long; sepals lance-oblong with an acicular apex, 18-20 mm. long, carinate, densely white- flocculose; petals 34-40 mm. long, blue-green (! Cerrate). Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,100,007, collect- ed in rocky montane rain forest, Aynin, near the bridge between Chiquian and Aquia, Province of Bolognesi, Department of Ancash, Peru, altitude 3,160 meters, April 23, 1952, by Emma Cerrate (No. 1333). PERU: ANCASH: Province of Bolognesi, dry rocky ground, 4 kn. below Chiquian, alt. 2,800-2,950 m., May 20, 1950, R. Ferreyraé 72584 (US). Cerrate notes that this plant is used as a remedy for pneu- monia, hence the specific name. The species is strikingly like P. roezlii E. Morr. in its bracts and flowers, although easily distinguished by its small leaves and short flowering branches. It grows at about a thousand meters higher elevation than P. roezlii and may well represent an adaptation to more rigorous climate. Pl. II, fig. 1: Primary bract and axillary branch x 1; fig. 2: Sepal xl. PUYA PRATENSIS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. P. humilem Mez simulans sed bracteis florigeris pectinato- serratis, sepalis majoribus, ellipticis, obtusis, ecarinatis differt. Flowering plant 15-20 cm. high; leaves (only the upper ones known) about 2 dm. long; sheaths elliptic, 3 cm. long, serru- late, glabrous; blades narrowly triangular, rigid, pungent, 11 mn. wide, covered with cinereous appressed scales but becoming partly glabrous above, laxly armed with spreading red spines 3.5 mm. long; scape 1-2 cm. long, largely concealed by the leaves; scape-bracts foliaceous but only 5-6 cm. long; inflo- rescence simple, strobilate, ellipsoid, 9 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter; floral bracts erect, imbricate, triangular-ovate, acuminate, 3 cm. long, much exceeding the sepals, pectinate- serrate, subcoriaceous, dark brown with a paler apex, bearing minute inconspicuous white stellate scales; pedicels stout, ob- conic, 5 mm. long; sepals elliptic, obtuse, 17 mm. long, ecari- nate, dark brown when dry, lepidote; petals naked, elliptic- oblong, obtuse, 25 mm. long, blue-green (! Ferreyra). Pl. II, fig. 3: Floral bract and flower x 1; fig. 4: Sepal x l. Type in the Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado", col- lected in grassland, steppes of Cumbre Gavilan, above Cajamarca, Province of Cajamarca, Department of Cajamarca, Peru, altitude 3,100 meters, Auguet 17, 1952, by R. Ferreyra (No. 8580). 218 Pe P.O," Gi Pk Vol. 4, no. 4 TILLANDSIA CHARTACHA L. B. Smith var. PERUVIANA L. B. Smith, var. nov. A var. chartacea omnibus partibus minoribus, spicis laxiori- bus et bracteis florigeris rhachin haud omnino obtegentibus differt. Leaves 25-30 cm. long; spikes subdense; floral bracts imbri- cate but not wholly concealing the rhachis; sepals 16 mm. long, the posterior ones connate for 9 mn. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,100,002, collect-— ed on subxerophytic slopes, Timpoc, 4 km. below Chiquian, Pro- vince of Bolognesi, Department of Ancash, Peru, altitude 2,500 meters, August 3, 1949, by Emma Cerrate (No. 454). PERU: ANCASH: Province of Bolognesi, rocky clay soil of montane rain forest, alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Aug. 6, 1949, RB. Cerrate 307 (US). TILLANDSIA CONFINIS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. T. minorem Mez & Sodiro in systema Mezii proxima sed foliorum laminis supra mox glabris, scapi vaginis strictis, sepalis duplo majoribus differt. Epiphytic, stemless, 47 cm. high; leaves many in an infundi- buliform rosette, 35 cm. long; sheaths ample, elliptic, to 13 cm. long, inconspicuously punctulate-lepidote, smooth and sublus- trous, pale green splotched with dark purple especially on the inner face; blades straight, narrowly triangular, acuminate, 25 mm. wide, covered beneath with minute appressed cinereous scales, soon glabrous above; scape probably erect, slender, glabrous; scape-bracts strict, imbricate, su bfoliaceous, the upper ones with red sheaths; inflorescence laxly bipinnate, 21 cm. long; primary bracts broadly ovate, much shorter than the axillary spikes, the lower ones caudate, the upper apiculate; spikes spreading, linear-lanceolate, 10 cm. long, probably about 15 mm. wide at anthesis, strongly complanate, 10-flowered with 2-3 sterile bracts at the base; floral bracts strongly imbri- cate and undoubtedly concealing the rhachis at anthesis, lance- oblong, acute, sharply carinate, 24 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, even, lustrous, glabrous or nearly so; pedicels 1 mn. long; sepals linear, acute, 22 mm. long with the posterior ones connate for 13 mm., keeled, nerved, subchartaceous, sparsely lepidote with minute appressed brown scales; petals and stamens unknown; capsule slenderly cylindric, beaked, 27 m. long. Pl. II, fig. 5: Leaf x 1/10; fig. 6: Primary bract and spike x 1/2; fig. 7: Posterior sepals x l. Type in the Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado", collected in tropical forest at Divisoria, between Tingo Maria and Pucallpa, Province of Coronel Portillo, Department of Loreto, Peru, altitude 1,500-1,600 meters, February 28, 1947, by R. Ferreyra (No. 1686). VRIESIA LOPEZII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AV. barcleyana (Baker) L. B. Smith, cui affinie, vaginis 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 219 foliorum indistinctis, inflorescentia gracillima tereti, bracteis florigeris tenuibus nervatis glabris differt. Flowering plant 7 dm. high; leaves erect, 4 dm. long, covered with gray subappressed scales; sheaths very small and inconspicuous; blades linear-triangular, filiform-acuminate, 2 cm. wide; scape erect, 4 mm. in diameter, glabrous; scape- bracts erect, imbricate, elliptic, the lower ones lepidote and with a short foliaceous blade, the upper ones obtuse and gla- brous; inflorescence simple, terete, 3 dm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, glabrous; rhachis broadly winged and enfolding the bases of the flowers; floral bracts like the upper scape-bracts, 3 cm. long, imbricate, exceeding the sepals, ecarinate, thin, nerved, green with purplish apices; pedicels obconic, 4 mn. long; sepals lanceolate, acute, 23 mm. long, ecarinate, thin, petals 35 mm. long, the blades elliptic, purple, the claw bearing 2 large oblong acute scales; stamens exserted. Pil. II, fig. 83; Plant x 1/10; fig. 9: Sepal x 1; fig. 10: Petal xl. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,100,204, collected at Samne-Casminche, Province of Trujillo, Department of La Libertad, Peru, altitude 1,800 meters, May 21, 1952, by A. Lopez M. (No. 846). Vol. 4, no. 4 P BS r Ore Ge aera 220 Pilate, 1 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae FEL 195) Plate II A NEW TEXTBOOK ON THE FUNGI (1) Harold N. Moldenke GHumann's splendid new book entitled "The Fungi" deals with four classes of fungi: the Archimycetes (l families), the Phyco- mycetes (5 orders and 13 families), the Ascomycetes (1) orders and )O families), and the Basidiomycetes (6 orders and 26 famil- ies). The bacteria and myxomycetes are excluded because the author does not regard them as true fungi. It is the author's opinion that all fungi have developed from disturbances of the nutritional physiology of their algal ances- tors, reducing them to a parasitic or saprophytic life. Their algal ancestors are thought to be the Siphonales, which gave rise to the otmycetes, and the Flagellata, which gave rise to the Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes. Emphasis in the book is on morphological and developmental features and on the probable evolutionary relationships of the various groups. Since the emphasis is not purely taxonomic, it is, perhaps, not surprising that family names are given in some orders and not in others. One can only assume that the author means to imply that there is but a single family in such orders. It is to be regretted that the author does not adopt the recognized standard ending of -ales for all the orders which he accepts. More and more taxonomic botanists in recent years are coming to discard the certain "exceptional" family names in the phanerogams which do not end in the standard termination of -aceae, and it is to be hoped that mycologists will soon follow suit in regard to these "exceptional" order designations. It is also to be regretted that family and other scientific group names are not always italicized. One finds the anomaly here of seeing family names, for instance, italicized when they occur in a sectional heading within a chapter, but given in ordinary roman type in the sentence immediately following and throughout the text. The present reviewer realizes that this limiting of italic type to names of generic or subgeneric rank in the body of a text is now quite common pr2ctice, yet he feels that it is inconsistent and unfortunate. If Agaricus is to be italicized as a scientific group name, as it is quit2 uniformly, then the words Acaricaceae and Uredinales ought also be italicized! The 40 text figures are splendid, many representing habitat photographs, and make the book of more than passing interest even to the non=-mycologist. (1) The fungi. A description of their morphological features and evolutionary development, by E. A. Gadumann. Translated from the German and arranged as an American text by F. L. Wynd; 20 pages, 440 figures. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, 1952, $10. 222 SEVEN SMALL PLANT COLLECTIONS IN COSTA RICA AND NEIGHBORING PANAMA William A. Dayton At varying intervals between February and July, 1943, under a grant from the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, six members of the U. S. Forest Service, Messrs, Arthur Bevan, Clarence A. Merker, William R. Barbour, John A. Scholten, Elbert L. Little, Jr., and I, were assigned to give technical advice to engineers of the Pan American Highway, chiefly in Costa Rica, and other United States officials and agencies working in that region. Two formal reports on this assignment were issued (12,13). Large numbers of wood samples, under the supervision of Mr. Scholten, timber engineer, were collected and a set submitted to the late Dean Samuel J. Record of the Yale University School of Forestry for identifi- cation. The main set of wood samples was deposited at the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Botanical material was collected from the timber trees from which the wood samples were made. The party, mostly as a sideline, collected (largely in multiple sets) 264 plant speci- mens, mostly of trees, in Costa Rica, including 31 specimens collected in the neighboring Chiriquf Province, Panama. In addition, Mr. William R, Barbour, the only member of the party to spend this entire period in Costa Rica, later (on two other missions) submitted to the Forest Service 34 additional speci- mens (chiefly timber trees) from that country. The handling of all this botanical material and its distri- bution to various herbaria was entrusted to the writer, who served as dendrologist of this party during the last two and a half months of the period mentioned. The bulk of the identifi- cation work was done by Dr. Paul C, Standley of the Field (Chicago) Natural History Museum. Mrs. Agnes Chase, the late Dr, William R, Maxon, Dr. E. S, Luttrell, Prof. A. LeRoy Andrews, Mr. Edwin B, Bartram, and Dr. Hugh O'Neill have iden- tified the (relatively few) grasses, ferns and fernworts, lichens, sphagnums, mosses, and sedges, respectively. Dr. Caroline K. Allen later checked the Lauraceae, The hearty thanks of our party are extended to these botanists for their generous and invaluable cooperation. The main collection is deposited in the Field (Chicago) Natural History Museum, but a set of specimens correlated with wood samples has gone to Yale University. Other partial sets are deposited in the U. S, National Herbarium, the Forest Ser- vice Herbarium in Washington, the Museo Nacional in San José, the Tropical Forest Experiment Station at Rio Piedras, P. R., and several prominent herbaria in this country. 223 22h Pky TOO Ts Vol. kk, nous Evidently the flora of Costa Rica and of much of Panama is still imperfectly known. Costa Rica, with an area smaller than that of West Virginia, has well over 1,000 species of trees -—- or about as many as the whole of the United States, and several hundred of these are economically important. Three-fourths of this Central American republic are in virgin, trackless and almost impenetrable forest and it is likely that members of our party were able to visit certain areas where no forester or botanist had hitherto traveled, so that our relatively small collections have, we believe, more than average scientific interest. These seven collections, consisting of 298 specimens, are as follows: 1. The "lst (Forest Service) Costa Rica Collection," Forest Service serial nos. 95011 to 95024, incl.; Barbour's nos. 1001 to 1014, incl. Collected by William R, Barbour in February and March, 1943; 14 specimens, all trees. 2. The "2d (Forest Service) Costa Rica Collection," Forest Service serial nos. 95025 to 95069, incl.; Little's nos. 6001 to 6045, incl. Collected by Elbert L. Little, Jr., in Febru- ary, 1943; 45 specimens, all trees or shrubs. 3. The "3d (Forest Service) Costa Rica Collection," Forest Service nos. 95070 to 95240, incl., including 2 intercalary numbers; Dayton's nos. 3001 to 3161, incl., including 12 inter- calary numbers, Collected by William A, Dayton in whole or in part in May and June, 1943; 173 specimens, chiefly trees, shrubs or woody vines. Thirteen of these numbers were collec- ted by Dayton jointly with William R, Barbour; 6 specimens were collected jointly by Dayton with C. A. Merker and J. A. Schol- ten; and 3 numbers were collected jointly by Dayton with C. A. Merker. 4. The "lst (Forest Service) Panama Collection," Forest Service nos, 95241 to 94271, incl.; Little's nos, 6046-8; 6051- 63, and 6068-82. Collected in March, 1943, by Elbert L. Little, Jr., in Chiriquf Province, Panama; 31 specimens, all but 1 trees or shrubs. 5. The "4th (Forest Service) Costa Rica Collection," Forest Service nos. 95742 to 95758, incl.; Barbour's nos. 1015 to 1031, incl. Collected by William R, Barbour in the San Isidro Valley and in a paramo of the Sierra de la Muerte in September and October, 1943; 17 specimens, 5 of them timber trees. €. The "5th (Forest Service} Costa Rica Collection," Forest Service no. 97100; no collector's no. Collected on behalf of the Forest Service by Sr. Amada Aguilar, Jan., 1945, in the vicinity of Turrialba, 7. The "6th (Forest Service) Costa Rica Collection," Forest Service nos. 98080 to 98093, incl. (with three intercalary nos.); Barbour's nos. 1032 to 1051, incl. (except 1035-1037). Collected by William R. Barbour (on furlough from the Forest Service) Jan.-Feb., 1946. 1953 Dayton, Seven plant collections 225 These seven small collections include 6 species new to science and 7 others possibly or probably new; 2 specimens of "campana," a tree which cannot yet be definitely placed botan- ically; and 1 family (Humiriaceae) and 2 genera new to North America, In addition to the new species, 15 species are not in Standley's Flora of Costa Rica (21) and several of the Panama plants may be first records for Panama, Quite a number appear to be range extensions, and many trees were observed much lar- ger than Standley's Flora indicates, The list that follows is annotated briefly in cases where it is believed that our col- lections and notes have added something of interest to the rec- ord, The identifications, unless otherwise indicated, are by Dr. Standley. The left-hand numbers are those of the collec- tors (the 1000 sequence being Mr. Barbour's, the 3000 sequence those of the writer, and the 6000 sequence those of Dr, Little). The right-hand numbers are U. S. Forest Service Herbarium num- bers. A prefixed "P" indicates a Panama plant; all others are Costa Rican. A prefixed asterisk (*) indicates that the spe- cies is not listed in Standley's Flora of Costa Rica. Abbrevi- ations include: D.B.H., diameter breast high; fl., flowering; fr., fruiting; m., meters, CRYPTOGAMS As Standley's Flora of Costa Rica (21) does not include cryptogams none of the cryptogams named below are starred, L LOWES ES (Identified by Dr. E. S. Luttrell) 3143. Peltigera canina (L.) Willd, 95105 3070. Stereocaulon sp. 95096 3032. Sticta amplissima (Scop.) Rabenh. 95116 3031. . sylvatica (Huds.) Ach. 95117 BY OF NY oF A MUSCI == SPHAGNACEAE (Identified by Prof. A. LeRoy Andrews) 3060. Sphagnum meridense (Hampe) C, M. 95128 -~ mixed with a (little S. magellanicum Brid. 3038. n " 95129 -- do. DICRANACEAE (Identified by Edwin B, Bartram) 3034. Dicranum frigidum C. M. 95107 226 PHY TJO:L OWL A Vol. noyan ORTHOTRICHACEAE (Identified by Edwin B, Bartram) 3066. Macromitrium serrulatum Mitt. 95113 -~syn. M. verruco- sum Bartr, THUIDACEAE (Identified by Edwin B. Bartram) 3057. Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Mitt. 95112 SEMATOPHYLLACEAE (Identified by Edwin B, Bartram) 3121a. Sematophyllum caespitosum (Swartz) Mitt. 95121 HEPATICAE 3033. An unnamed hepatic 95087 PTERIDOPHYTA (Identified by the late Dr. William R, Maxon) FILICALES CYATHACEAE and Other Tree Ferns The tree fern flora of Costa Rica is a rich one, but our party collected no material of these. A characteristic speci- men is shown in Fig. 1. Fern tree trunk sections are used commonly in Costa Rica for growing orchids, HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 3036. Hymenophyllum sp. 95099 --"sterile; not recognized" (W. RM. ) e POLYPODIACEAE 3120. Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link 95132 3121. Cochlidium rostratum (Hook.) Maxon 95102 --intermixed (with a depauperate sterile specimen (of Elaphoglossum, 3037. Dryopteris denticulate (Sw.) Kuntze 95100 --"very depau- (perate” (W.R.M.). 3083. Polypodium moniliforme Lag. 95120 --"mixed with a small species of Jamesonia" (W. (R.M.). 3047. n myriolepis Christ 95119 3022. " percussum Cav, 95118 1953 Dayton, Seven plant collections 227 Fig. 1. A characteristic tree fern near route of Pan Amer- ican Highway, Costa Rica, Photo by Wm, R. Barbour, 1943. Fig. 2. Cleared pasture land near San Isidro del General. The bracken (Pteridium sp.) is mostly unmolested by the cattle, the palatability being low, as in the United States, 228 PoHyWoPiOel, On F. A Vol. h, no. 3035. Psilogramme villosula Maxon 95098 Pteridium sp. Bracken was abundantly observed on cleared pasture land near San Isidro del General, Its palatability is low, as in the United States, and it is mostly ummoles- ted by cattle. (Fig. 2). 3120a. Rhipidopteris peltata (Sw.) Schott 95101 3055. Visttaria filifolia Fée 95131 LYCOPODIALES LYCOPODIACEAE 3074. Lycopodium contiguum Kl. 95111 SELAGINELLACEAE 3009. Selaginella poeppigiana (H. & G.) Spring 951243 --"sens. (lat." (W.R.M.). PHANEROGAMS 5. TAXACEAE 6030. Podocarpus montanus (Willd.) Lodd. 95045 ~-"Cipresil- lo"; "Cobola." 6. CONIFERAE No conifers are native to Costa Rica and no material of this family was collected by our party. Two of the most commonly cultivated conifers are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. 19, GRAMINEAE (Identified by Mrs, Agnes Chase) Bambuseae 3075. Chusquea subtessellata Hitche. 95070 --" particu- (larly fine specimen" (A. Ch.) Festuceae 3140. Festuca tolucensis H. B. K. 95072 Abundant in patches near summit of Irazt, 3400 m. 3051. Poa annua L,. 95078 Abundant in clearing, near Ojo de Agua, Copey oak forma- tion, Cartago Province, 2900 m. 1953 Dayton, Seven plant collections 229 Fig. 3. San Jose housetops, with a pair of Norfolk-Island- pine trees (Araucaria excelsa R, Br.) to left of center. These stately evergreens, native to Norfolk Island (between New Zea- land and the New Hebrides) are often planted in Costa Rican city parks and in front of churches, Fig. 4. A windbreak of Bentham ("Mexican") cypress (Cupressus benthamii Endl.) at "Las Concavas," the estate of Mr. C. H. Lankester near Cartago, r Sor eae ; uty a | nS 4 beer Se Aa Fig. 5« Pasture land in Guanacaste. The Coyol palms (Acro- comia vinifera Oerst.) are left standing, furnishing shade for cattle, which also greedily devour the fruits, Note the sur- vival of the blood of the old Spanish "longhorns" in the animal at the right. Photo by John A. Scholten, 1943. 230 PAB CGEF [0 4. MOsGAl Vol. 4, no. 4 Aveneae 3139. Trisetum irazuense (Kuntze) Hitchc, 95081 --"exception- (ally robust specimen" (A. Ch.). Near summit of Irazt, 3400 m,. Agrostideae 3138. Agrostis tolucensis H.B.K, 95070 One of the most characteristic plants near summit of Irazh, 3400 m. Paniceae 3130. Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro 95076 (=Panicum lens Swartz 3013a. Panicum maximum Jacq. 95074 =--"Zacate de Guinea" amnion " polygonatum Schrad, 95073 aes " xalapense H.B.K. 95075 3110. Paspalum paniculatum L, 95077 3012b. Pennie purpureum Schumacher 95079 --"Yerba ele- fante," 3013c. Pseudechinolaena polystachya (H.B.K.) Stapf 95080 20. CYPERACEAE (Identified by Dr. Hugh O'Neill) 3013d. pee diffusus Vahl, var. tolucensis 95082 --"a com- H.B.K ) K ukenthal (mon species on the edges of the (mahogany forests in British Hon- (duras and Guatemala" (H.O.). The (species, not the var., is in (Standley's "Flora of Costa Rica." 21. PALMAE Nearly 100 species of palms are native to Costa Rica and many others are cultivated, but our party collected no botanical ma- terial of this group except an unidentifiable Geonoma. See Fig. 5. 32. BROMELIACEAE 3079. Puya dasylirioides Standl. 95122 --"still very (rare in herbaria" (P.C.S.). This bizarre plant, somewhat suggesting a cross between a century plant and a mullein, was collected by me on May 14 in a paramo near Dos Burros Peaks, Cerro de la Muerte, 3,00 m. The dried fruiting stalks of the past season were still persistent, 1953 Dayton, Seven plant collections 23 and the great, succulent, clublike thyrses of the present year were sufficiently advanced to show that the flowers (which, so far as I know, have not been described), when they emerge, would have a rich larkspur=blue hue. 3142. 3030. 3135. 1023. P 6081. 3141. 3146. 1021, P 6082, 6021, 36. JUNCACEAE Luzula gigantea Desv, 95083 38. LILIACEAE Smilacina paniculata Mart, & Gal. 95126 Near Ojo de Agua Camp, Cartago Prov., 2900 m. May 13, fl. Not epiphytic here. Same as no. 3030. 95127 do. 95745 40, AMARYLLIDACEAE Agave sp. 95241 --held person- (ally by Dr. Little for further (study. Possibly new. Bomarea acutifolia (Link & Otto) Herb. 95138 Near summit of Irazu, 3400 m. Same as no, 3141 95139 --"these (two collections are somewhat dif- (ferent and may represent distinct (species, but I cannot find any (other name for either" (P.C.S.). Bomarea acutifolia (Link & Otto) Herb. 95742 50. ORCHIDACEAE (Identified by Prof. Oakes Ames) Pachyphyllum muscoides (Kraenzl.) Schlechter 95263 -- lst record for Panama. (=Orchidoty- (pus muscoides Kraenzl.) This specimen, with its notes, is, I presume, now in the possession of Prof. Ames, I have no record here of the data except that it was collected by Dr. Little Mar. 7, fl., in Chiriqui Province. 53. PIPERACEAE Piper irazuanum C, DC, 95044 Macho Cap Camp, 39 kilom. s. of Cartago, 2500 m., cloud (oak) forest. Dr. Little reports it as a small tree 4.6 m, high with a 5-cm. D.B.H., the flowers whitish green, 232 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 56. SALICACEAE The Humboldt willow (Salix humboldtiana Willd.) is the only willow in Costa Rica. It is difficult to believe it is not native to the country; if not native, it is thoroughly natural- ized. Dr. C. R. Ball tells me that Salix chilensis Molina (to which this species is sometimes referred) is a nomen ambi and that it is doubtful if it is a willow at all. We collected no botanical material of this willow, See Fig. 6. 57. MYRICACEAE 6018. Myrica pubescens Willd. 95037 Macho Gap Camp, 39 kilom. s. of Cartago and 5 kilom, n. of Copey, 2500 m., cloud (oak) forest, 6m. high, 1 dm. D.B.H,. Dr. Little reports the bark as whitish. Feb, 18, fl. 61. BETULACEAE 6037. Alnus acuminata H.B.K. 95026 —=—"Jaul." Dr, (Little reports this tree, collected (near summit of Cerros de Escazi, (San José Province, as 15 m. high, (with a D.B.H. of 4.5 dm. 62, FAGACEAE * 6010. Quercus adata C. H. Mull. 95046 -~"Roble." Leaves (3 to 5 cm. long, oblong type, some- (what glaucous, rather coriaceous, ’ (apices rounded, 6035. Quercus aagta C. H. Mull, 95054 Leaves of a lanceolate type, acuminate, about 7.5 cm. long. 6038. Quercus aaata C. H. Mull. 95060 Leaves oblong=-lanceolate, mostly conspicuously toothed, acuminate, about 9 cm. long, relatively thin. 3153. Quercus adata C. H. Mull. 9522h, * Just above Robert's finca, road up Irazu, 2900 m., assoc, with Q. irazuensis and Buddleia alpina. Tree 22 m. high, 4.5 dm. D.B.H., no acorns found (June 20). 6009. Quercus borucasana Trel. 95052 * 6001. Quercus copeyensis C. H. Mull. 95048 —"Roble." 6002. " " 95049 6003. " " 95057 6004. " " 95058 6005. " n 95050 6008, " " 95051 639. " " 95053 3081. " " 95223 --Near Ojo de Agua, 1953 Dayton, Seven plant collections 233 Fig. 6. Humboldt willow (Salix humboldtiana Willd.) at Las Concavas, the estate of Mr. C. H, Lankester near Cartago. Fig. 7. A stand of veteran Copey oaks (Quercus copeyensis C, H. Mull.). Mr. Arthur Bevan, former Director, Tropical Forest Expt. Sta., U. S. Forest Service, stands at base of tree in foreground, Photo by Wm. R. Barbour, 1943. 23h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. lh, no. ((Mills Co.) Camp, Pan American Highway, (2900 m. Tree 28 m. high, 7.6 dm. D.B.H. (May 15, fr. Quercus copeyensis was published by Muller (July, 1942) to cover the type (but not "isotype") material of Q. costaricensis Liebm., forma kuntzei Trel., together with three sheets of Costa Rica and one sheet of Panama material, The description of Q. costaricensis (and possibly also of Q. endresi Trel.) in Stand- ley's Flora of Costa Rica probably embraces Q. copeyensis as well, Muller describes this tree as "15 m. in height or tal- ler," It seems likely that, until the U. S. Army engineers ex- tended the route of the Pan American Highway inte the high ele- vations in Costa Rica where this oak occurs in an almost pure stand and reaches its optimum development, this species was known only from a few scattered botanical specimens and from outlying locations, Certainly there is no hint in the refer- ences mentioned that this is, in some ways, one of the most remarkable oaks in the world (14,21). Messrs, Bevan, Barbour and Little were probably the first foresters and botanists to see this unique forest (2,5,7,8). I proposed in 1943 the Eng- lish name "Copey oak" for this species; the Spanish equivalent would, I presume, be roble de Copey or, simply, roble Copey. So far as I have been able to ascertain the first published ref- erences to this Copey oak forest are by Thompson (24) Aug. 15, 1943, and by Carter (6)Aug. 26, 1943, followed shortly by more detailed accounts by Barbour (2) Sep. 1, 1943, and by Bevan (5) October, 1943. Barbcur reports having measured a Copey oak 36.5 m. high with a 2.5 m. D.B.H. He indicates that extensive areas will run 20,000 board feet to the acre, and that individ- ual acres will run at least 60,000 board feet each, Bevan refers to this Costa Rican Copey oak forest as "perhaps the largest single stand of oak timber in the world." The largest specimens he says are 38 m. or more tall, heavily buttressed at their bases to a height of 3 to 4 m. above ground, with a diam- eter of from 2 to 2.5 m, above the buttresses, and extending 25 m, to the first limb; The immense size of the individual trees in a veteran stand of this sort is hard to realize unless one sees a man or some other comparable object beside one of these giant oaks (see Fig. 7). Bevan aptly dubs this forest "the ancestral home of the gremlins," an illusion to the weird light effects and swirling mists which give this type of cloud forest an almost unearthly and "spooky" appearance. Thompson (op. cit.) refers toe my opinion that this oak may prove to be the largest oak in the world, surpassing in size the valley oak of California and the white oak of eastern North America, Miss Waterman (26) found the extractive of the heartwood toxic to two wood-decay fungi. The Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisc., placed the wood intermediate between that of white and live oaks in hardness, The wood is durable (19). 1953 Dayton, Seven plant collections 235 Vogt (25) has guardedly alluded to the subject of selfish (mostly foreign) promotion interests looking toward wholesale commercial exploitation of this unique forest, At the time when former Vice President Wallace visited Costa Rica in March, 1943, Mr. Bevan tells me that he personally accompanied the Vice President in a visit to Sr. Montealegre, the Costa Rican Minis- terio de Agricultura, at which time the subject of preserving a screen of this forest along the Highway, in the form of a national park, was discussed. I have a letter, dated Oct. 22, 1943, from Dr, Jorge Leon, Botanist of the Museo Nacional in San José, in which he states that Sr. Montealegre has appointed him a member of a commission of six conservation=-minded persons "para estudiar las formas y medios necesarios para conservar nuestros bosques." It is to be hoped that some effective mea- sures may be adopted to preserve a part of this unique forest from destruction, including at least a fringe of these oaks where the Pan American Highway transects the forest. Fig. 7. 6011. Quercus eugeniaefolia Liebm. 95055 " " 6045. 95056 3154. " irazuensis Kuntze 95225 Above Roberts' finca, road up Irazu, 2900 m., assoc, with Q. a4ata and Buddleia alpina. Tree 15 m. high, 3 dm. D.8.H.; no acorns found (June 20). 1013. Quercus oocarpa Liebm, 95021 6036. 7 - 95059 P 6055. 4 ° 95267 The leaves of this sp. somewhat suggest that of the U. S. Q. mtihlenbergii., Mr. Barbour reports that this species is locally considered the best of the oaks; wood durable and extremely hard, suitable for general construction, P 6054. Quercus seemannii Liebm. 95268 Wood sample taken, Tree 30 m, high, 8 dm. in diame- ter above the buttresses, 63. ULMACEAE P 6060. Chaetoptelea mexicana Liebm., 95243 (syn. Ulmus mexi- cana (Liebm,) Planch.). "Cenizo"; ("Tirra"; "Mexican elm," P 6074. Chaetoptelea mexicana Liebm. 95244 P 6076. 7 . 95245 This species is so thoroughly elmlike in all res- pects except as to the wingless nutlets, that I person- ally would prefer to keep it in Ulmus. Miss Waterman (26) found the heartwood extractive very toxic to the growth of two wood-decay fungi. 236 3019. 3050. 6029. 6028 ° 3044,» 3160. 3003. 1015. 1042. Pa FE OoL Cie x Vol. h, no. 4 64. MORACEAE Coussapoa donnell-smithii Mildbr, 95166 95. MAGNOLIACEAE Drimys winteri Forst. 95162 --"Quiebra- (muelas"; "Mueclo"; "Wintersbark.” The silvery under-surfaces of the leaves make this tree a conspicuous object in the dark highland forests it inhabits; the pungent reddish inner bark is also highly diagnostic. Collected in cloud (oak) forest type, 2900 m., near Ojo de Agua (Mills Co.) Camp, Pan American Highway. Drimys winteri Forst. 95043 --"Quiebra— muelas,." Near Camp Empalme, along Pan American Highway, Car- tago Province. The material, collected February 15, is in immature fruit. Dr. Little reports this tree as 15 Me high, 3 dm. D.B.H. Magnolia poasana (Pittier) Dandy 95041 Lt. Childs, Medical Corps, U.S.A., informs me that Dr. Ledn, of the Museo Nacional, San José, states that use of the vernacular name "Candelillo" for this single native Costa Rican magnolia is erroneous, 98. ANNONACEAE Rollinia microsepale Standl. 95226 --"the second (collection" (P.C.S.). "Anona." Hills 5 miles s, of Siquirres, Limén Province, 152m. Tree 28 m. high, 7 dm. D.B.H., 14 m. usable length; wood sample taken. 99. MYRISTICACEAE Compsoneura sprucei (A. DC.) Warb. 95208 The nutmeg-like fruits are reported to be used lo- cally as a substitute for nutmeg, but they seem to me to lack aromatic properties, Virola koschnyi Warb. 95238 --"Fruta dura-= da s. n Hills above Las Palomas, Limén Province, 730 m.; wood sample taken, May 6, fl. Third collection rec- ord? Virola sebifera Aubl. 95758 " " 98091 1953 6012, 6023. 3126. * 1032. 1040. 3123. * 1012. P 6047. P 6056. P 6062, Dayton, Seven plant collections 23 if 102. LAURACEAE (Identification by Dr. Caroline K. Allen) Aiouea costaricensis (Mez) Kostermans 95038 (syn. Bellota costaricensis Mez); "Ira (rosa." Near Camp Empalme, along (Continental Divide 29 kilom. s. of (Cartago. Dr. Little reports this a (tree 18 m. high, with 2.5 dm, D.B.H. Aiouea costaricensis (Mez) Kostermans 95040 Beilschmiedia austin-smithii (Standl.) Allen (?) 95218- "Bolador." (Syn. Persea austin-smithii (Standl.). About 5 kilom. from San Isidro del (General, San José Province, 825 m. Large (tree; bark smooth, light gray; wood sample (taken. "Need flowers or fruit" (C.K.A.). (This species known hitherto only from the type (locality, Palmira, Alajuela Province (1,21). (Apparently a range extension and a second (record for the species, Licaria excelsa Kostermans 980844 --apparently 2d Costa ‘ica record. Specimen deposited in (U.S. National Herbarium. Nectandra brenesii (Standl.) Allen 98085 (syn. Ocotea (brenesii Standl,. Nectandra concinna Nees 95211 --"Colorado." Nectandra cufodontisii (0.C.Schmidt) Allen (2) 95017-- "possibly" (C.K.A.) or "possibly" N, sinuata (Mez (as Standley identified it). "Quizarr (zopilote." About 915 m., 6.5 kilom. east of (Turrialba, Mr. Barbour reports this a tree (15 m. high, 2.5 dm. D.B.H. May 21, fl.; flow- (ers yellowish white. Wood sample taken; wood (first quality for general use. Nectandra whitei (Woodson) Allen 95253 (syn. Ocotea whitei Woodson). "Bambito"; "Bambito colora- (do. Eight kilom, n. of Camp El Volcdn, (chiriquf Province, 1830 m. Dr. Little reports (this a tree 28 m. high, 4.5 dm. D.B.H., 18 m (clear, March 2, fl. Fruit greenish, 32 mm. (long, including the cup. Wood reddish; sample (taken, Nectandra whitei (Woodson) Allen 95254 Three kilom. n. of Camp El Volcedn, Chiriquf Pro- vince, 1310 m. Dr. Little reports it a large tree 37 m. high, 9 dm. D.B.H. March 3, immature fruit. Nectardra whitei (Woodson) Allen 95252 -={""Sigua ama- rilla." Same location as above, Reported by Dr. Little to be a tree 37 m. high, 9 dm. in diameter above the but- tresses 3 m, above the ground; 18 m. clear. March 3, immature fruit. 238 P 6069. 1019. % 3124. * 6007. 1011. 3093. P 6078. P 6057. P 6058. Pt ot O:L0(Gila Vol. kh, nagee Nectandra whitei (Woodson) Allen 95259 --same site as above, ? Nectandra sp. 95753 --"Arenillo." (Material sterile. "Probably Nectan- (dra sp., but I am unable to place it (definitely" (P.C.S.). Ocotea atirrensis Mez & J.D. Smith 95214 --"Tiquis- saré." About 5 kilom, toward La (Division from San Isidro del General, (825 m. Large tree with smooth gray (bark; wood sample taken, Associated (with bolador, chancho blanco, colo- (rado, comenegro, etc. Flowers and (fruit not seen. Ocotea austinii Allen (1) 95042 Near Camp Empalme, about 29 kilom. s. of Cartago, San José Province. Fruit about 2 cm, long; leaves distinctly petiolate. Reported by Dr. Little as a tree 18 m. high, 3 dm. D.B.H. Wood sample taken, Qcotea palmana Mez & J.D. Smith 95018 --"Ira zopi- lote." About 6.5 kilom, east of Turrialba, over 915 m, Mr. Barbour reperts this a tree 1@ m. high, 2.5 dm. D.B.H., 9m. clear, Wood sample taken; first-quality wood for general use. ? Ocotea veraguensis (Meissn.) Mez 95212 —"Quigzara." "This is one of the few Central Amer- (ican Lauraceae that can be named with (complete confidence" (P.C.S.). Ocotea sp. 95261 —"Sigua canel- la." Three kilom, north of Camp El Volcén, Chiriqué Pro- vince. Uncommon, Dr. Little reports this a tree 40 m. high, 11.7 dm. in diameter above buttresses (2.5 m, above the ground). Wood sample taken, "Need flowers o> fruit" CG UR ZAG). Persea rigens Allen 95255 --"Pizarré." Leaves much larger (about 3 dm.) and differing in form (oblong-lanceolate and acuminate) from those of no, 6058, Three kilom. north of Camp El Voledn, Chir- iquf Province, 1310 m. Dr. Little reports this a tree 12 m. high, with a 1.5 dm. D.B.H. Previously deter- mined by Standley as P. pallida Mez & Pittier,. Persea rigens Allen 95256 Same site as above, Leaves coriaceous, crisp, ob- long, acute, 3.5 cm. long. A larger tree than no, 6058, 9 dm. in diameter above buttresses (2.5 m. above ground); 12 m, clear, March 3, immature flowers, Pre- viously determined by Standley as P, pallida Mez & Pittier. 1953 P 6075. P 6059. * 1033. 3150. 1025. 6031. 6032. 6014. Dayton, Seven plant collections 239 Persea rigens Allen, sp. nov. 95265 --THE TYPE (2). TAmA ea "Pizarré." Same site as above, Dr, Little reports it a tree 27 m. high; wood sample taken. March 5; no flowers nor fruit seen, Persea rigens Allen 95257 —-"Bambito colo- rado," About 3 kilom, north of Camp El Voledn, Chiriquté Province, 1210 m. Dr, Little reports it a tree 34 nm. high, 6 dm, in diameter above the buttresses at 2 m, March 3, immature flowers. Phoebe amplifolia Mez & J.D. Smith 980853 —~apparent- (ly a second Costa Rica record, Spe- (cimen deposited in U.S. National (Herbarium, 105, CRUCIFERAE Lepidium costaricense Thell. 95109 117. SAXIFRAGACEAE Ribes ciliatum Humb, & Bonpl. 95754 The leaves of Mr. Barbour's material (all of which is at the Chicago Museum) are, as I recall, consider- ably larger than the maximum of "2 cm, long" indicated in Standley's Flora of Costa Rica, 119. BRUNELLIACEAE Brunellia costaricensis Standl, 95069 " " 95035 Near Camp Empalme, along Pan American Highway, at 2225 m., cloud forest (oak) type. Dr. Little reports this tree to be about 18 m. high, with a 3 dm. D.B.H. 120, GUNONIACEAE Weinmannia pinnata L, 95067 -—="Lorito"; ("Arraydn"; "Mora." Near p Empalme, about 29 kilom. south of Cartago, San José Prov., 2225 m,. Dr, Little reports this tree to be 26 m. high, 3.5 dm. D.B.H.; usable length 14 m.; Wood sample taken, The maximm height indicated for this sp. in the Flora of Costa Rica is 6 meters, Weinmannia pinnata L, 95068 --"Arra mora," 126, ROSACEAE ROSOIDEAE 2h0 3061. 3088. 3151. 3063. P 6080. 3097. * 1008, 1010. P 6053. 1045. Bol Qh OcL OnGaiok Vol. 4, no. 4 Sanguisorbeae Acaena cylindrostachya Ruiz & Pavon 95084 Alchemilla pascuorum Standl,. 95124 " n 95085 Rubeae Rubus glaucus Benth. 95123 --"the fruit of (this is, I think, the best of its (genus" (P.C.S.). PRUNOIDEAE (family AMYGDALACEAE of some authors) Prunus annularis Koehne 95262 ——"Mamey." 1st record for Panama? 3 kilom. north of Camp (El Volcdn, Chiriquf Prov., 1310 m. Dr. (Little reports this as 33.5 m. high, with (4.5 dm, D.B.H., 18 m. clear, Wood sample (taken. March 5, no flowers nor fruit. The (maximum known height of this species in (Costa Rica noted in the Flora of Costa Rica (is indicated as 9 m, 128, LEGUMINOSAE MIMOSOIDEAE (family MIMOSACEAE of some authors) Ingeae Albizia adinocephala (Donn, Smith) Britt. & Rose 95134 About 5 kilom, south of Nicoya, Guanacaste Prov., 245m. Tree 9m, high, 2 dm. D.B.H. Wood sample taken. The generic name is ordinarily spelled Albiz- zia. Although Durazzini definitely states that the eponym of this genus is the Chevalier Filippo degl' Albizzi, his original spelling of the genus is consis- tently Albizia and he evidently preferred that ortho- graphy. Inga barbourii Standl., n. sp. (23) 95013 —-"'Guaba." About 6.5 kilom. east of Turrialba, over (915 m. Mr. Barbour reports this a tree (32 m. high, with 4 dm, D.B.H., 14 m. (clear. Inga biolleyana Pittier 95014 Same locality as no. 1008 above. Mr. Barbour re- ports this a tree 37 m. high, 3.5 dm. D.B.H., 18 m. clear, Inga leptoloba Schlecht. 95240 --"Guaba." Wood sample taken. n n 98084 1953 3128. 3018. 3114. 3099. 3017. 3113. 1014. 3024. * 3002. Dayton, Seven plant collections 2h1 Inga multijuzga Benth. 95188 -——"Guaba." Near San Isidro del General, 760 m, Tree 15 m. high, with smooth gray bark; size up to 6 dm. D.B.H. Leaflets shiny above; pod about 18 cm, long, flat- tened, septate, with sharply raised margins. Inga pittieri Micheli (?) 95186 --sterile; "un- (certain in this condition" (P.C.S.). Inga spectabilis (Vahl) Willd. 95187 —"no uncertainty (about this one, for no other species (has leaves like these" (P.C.S.). Lysiloma desmostachys Benth, 95203 --lst definite record for Costa Rica? This tree (was in full bloom when collected ((May 25; limestone formation about (5 kilom. south of Nicoya, 245 m.). (The tree deserves cultivation as an (ornamental, The flowers, in profuse (spiciferm clusters, have a rich (aniselike scent, a matter I do not (recall having seen mentioned in lit- (erature. Wood sample taken. Pithecellobium longifolium (Humb. & Bonpl. ) Standl,. 95185 n n 95220 Along stream near Wunderlich Camp, San Isidro del General, San José Prov., 610m. June 9, fr., the pods strongly falciforn. Pithecellobium racemiflorum Donn, Smith 95019 --"Cha- perno." About 6.5 kilom, east of Turrialba, over 915 m. Mr. Barbour reports this a tree 28 m. high, with 4.5 dm. D.B.H., 9m. clear. May 21, fl.; flowers white. Wood sample taken; wood second-quality for general uses, Pithecellobium saman (Jacq.) Benth. 95130 --"Cenfce- ro." (syn. Samanea saman (Jacq.) (Merrill) The name of this genus is usually misspelled Pithe- colobium or Pithecollobium, both of which forms are contrary to the original spelling and obscure the ety- mology (10). Acacieae Mimosa (7) 95207 -—-"Cascha." "I (cannot run this down in Standley's key in his (Flora of the Panama Canal Zone (20) nor match (it with descriptions in his Flora of Costa (Rica (21). Does Leucaena ever have bipinnate (leaves" (W.A.D., 722743). "I have checked (this carefully against all the Central 2h2 1048, PHPETOLOGS X Vol. 4, no. (American Mimoseae, and it is not any species (known from the region, It is no known species (of Leucaena, and the flowers are racemose, not (capitate as in that genus, By exclusion it is (almost necessary for it to be placed in Mimosa, (but pods are necessary for complete determina- (tion" (P.C.S., 8/19/43). Of the wood the late (Prof. Record says (6/7/44) "I cannot match (it." Near Siquirres, Limdén Prov., 65m. Un- (armed tree; white flowers, the 10 stamens with (free filaments. Adenanthereae Stryphnodendron excelsum Harms 98089 El General Valley. Third collection known? The late Prof, Record intimates that this is the first time a wood sample of this genus and species has been obtained, CAESALPINOIDEAE (family CAESALPINIACEAE of some authors) 3098. 1006. 1051. * 3127. 1003. 3092. Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth, 95142 --"Saena," Near Nicoya, Guanacaste Prov., on limestone ridge. Furnishes a hard wood, Cassia grandis L. f. 95011 ——"Carao," Prioria copaifera Griseb. 98086 -—"Cativo." PAPILIONATAE (family FABACEAE of some authors) Sophoreae Ormosia toledoana Standl. (?) 95215 ae pe " ee gy ae ee ee P.C.S.). About 1,6 kilom, north of San Isidro del General, 760 m. Tree with smooth gray brown bark (larger trees with cinnamon-colored bark), Tree 22 m. high, with 2.5 am. D.B.H., 6m. clear; sizes up to 1.2 m. D.B.H. No flowers nor fruit seen. Wood sample taken, The late Prof, Record (6/7/44) reported: "No, 3127 is not Ormosia, but so far I have not been able to place it." Sweetia panamensis Benth. 95022 =—="Guayacan" ; "Carboncillo." Puntarenas Province, highway west of Buenos Aires, 275 m. Mr. Barbour reports this a tree 15 m. high, 3 dm. D.B.H., 6m, clear; sizes up to 6 dm. D.B.H.; wood very strong, hard, durable, suitable for general construction; wood sample taken. Sweetia panamensis Benth. 95237 Five kilom. northwest of Nicoya, 275 m. May 24 {no flowers nor fruit), Tree 12 m, high, 2.5 dm. eette 1953 3137. 3096. 3095. 3023.6 3043. 1005. Dayton, Seven plant collections 2h3 Genisteae Lupinus aschenbornii Schauer 95110 Near summit of Traz, 3400 m. June 20, both in flower and in pod, Dalbergieae Dalbergia retusa Hemsl, 95160 -~"Cocobola." "Specimens of these important trees are still very much to be desired from Central America, They accum- Pare * slowly and the taxonomy is still unsettled" Peete) = Dalbergia retusa Hemsl. 95161 Dipteryx anamensis (Pittier) Record ----- (syn. Cou- (naroume panamensis Pittier). See (Fig. 8. This tree (positively (identified for us by Dr. Standley (on the basis of notes, old fruit, (and photographs) was observed by (our party near Siquirres. None of (us being steeplejacks we were un- (able to get foliage for botanical (purposes, The local people say (these trees have to be "burned (down" to get rid of them, Standley ((1928) has an excellent natural- (size photograph (20, pl. 39) of the (pods and part of a pinnate leaf of (this species, Lonchocarpus minimiflorus Donn, Smith 95192 --"Cha- perno," Five kilom, south of Nicoya, 245m, Tree 9m. high, with 1 dm. D.B.H, May 25, fl. Platymiscium atum (Jacq.) Dasand (?) 95222 --(syn. P. polystachyum Benth.). "Sangril- (Io." Material very fragmentary, - (all that could be obtained with the (wood sample. atymiscium pinnatum (Jacq.) Dugand (?) 95221 —"San- grillo." Material sterile ("prob- (ably" this sp., fide P.C.S.). Five (kilom, south of Siquirres, Limén (Prov., 125m. Tree 23 m. high, (6 dm. D.B.H.; 9 m. clear; wood (sample taken, Under the name "cristobal" the wood of this tree is much used in San José and elsewhere for flooring and interior finishing. Pterocarpus hayesii Hemsl, 95020 1 kilom. north of Las Camas, Guanacaste Province. ahi EH ¥olOsL OnGnl A Vol. h, none ana ite Fis Fig. 8. Giant "Almendro" tree (Dipteryx panamensis (Pitt.) Rec.) near Siquirres, Costa Rica, elev. about 60 m., tropical rain forest. Members of the party standing at base of tree. To the right (stooping over) is a peon searching for the hard, nut- like pods of this tree, which contain coumarin (a vanilla sub- stitute), This tree, and another one similar to it, have been left in this cleared pasture, as the wood is reported to be so hard it is impracticable to cut or saw the tree down. Photo by John A, Scholten, May 7, 1943 (U.S.F.S. For. Prod, Lab. no. M48387F). 1953 P 6048. * 3082, 3056. Dayton, Seven plant collections 2h5 Mr. Barbour reports this as a tree 12 m, high, with 2.5 dm. D.B.H., "loaded with waferlike fruits" (col- lected Apr. i as Pterocarpus hayesii Hemsl, 95266 --"Pizarro." Phaseoleae Erythrina spp. ---—- These shrubs and trees are very common in Costa Rica. See Figs. 9 and 10. 129. GERANIACEAE Geranium bolivarianum Dayton, nom. nov, 95086 --lst (record for North America, Geranium cucullatum H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Spe Pl. 5: 231. 1821. Not G, cucullatum L. (Sp. Pl. 677. 1753) which is a synonym of Pelargonium cucullatum (L.) Ait. (Hort. Kew. 2: 426. 1789). "When I first saw this (specimen) I was sure it was a new species, but now I am unable to separate it from Geranium cucullatum H.B.X. of the Colombia Andes, At any rate, it is a remarkable addition to the flora of North and Central America = another of the character- istic paramo plants" (P.C.S.). Near summit of Dos Burros Peaks, Cerro de la Muer- te, over 3400 m. (see Fig. 14), May 14, fl. A small spreading herb with rather showy purplish flowers, Collected in intermittent rains; I had no place to put the plants at the time except a pocket and, unfortu- nately, all but one of my specimens had to be dis- carded, Geranium cucullatun H.B.K. is a homonym and needs a new name, The type locality of this species is from the Colombian Andes near the famous Bolivarian battle- grounds of Jenay (Feb. 2, 1821) and Bombona (Apr. 7, 1822), which battles occurred about the time this spe- cies was published, I have thought it not inappro- priate to rename the plant after the illustrious "Libertador," Cen, Simon Bolivar, the founder of Nueva Granada (now Colombia) and who lies buried in that country. 130. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis vulcanicola Donn, Smith 95115 133. HUMIRIACEAE 26 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Figs. 9 and 10, Pord (Erythrina rubrinervia H. B. K.). Used commonly as "living fenceposts." Fig. 9 (photo by John A, Scholten) taken in the city of San José near airport. Fig. 10 taken on road up Irazu. 1953 * 3004. 3041. * 3129. 1018. Dayton, Seven plant collections 27 Humiria sp. 95189 -=-"Campana." Ori- (ginally identified by Standley as "Lapla- (cea? or Theaceae?" Hills above La Florida, Limén Province, 230 m. Tree 18 m. high, with 3 dm, D.B.H.; wood sample taken, Assoc. with bernabé, pejiballito, pildén, and plomillo, See note on next specimen (3041). Humiria sp. 95190 --"Campana." Ori- (ginally identified by Standley as "Lapla- (cea? or Theaceae?" é Hills 6.5 kilom. south of Siquirres, Limon Province, 150 m, Tree 25 m. high, with 7 dm, D.B.H.; 12 m. clear; wood sample taken. This specimen, apparently identical with the preceding number (3004), both of which are unfortunately sterile, represents an impor- tant timber of Costa Rica. On preliminary examination of the wood, Prof. Record thought it is of Theaceae, but Dr. Standley says: "I still am unable to place this" and states that he knows of nothing in Theaceae to match it. Later (May 25, 1944) Dean Record wrote me: "Dayton & Barbour 3004 (F.S. No. 95189) and Merker, Scholten & Dayton 3041 (F.S. Ser. No. 95190) are both Humiria! Standley says: 'Both of the specimens are sterile and can't be described as new, which I presume they are.'" (18). Vantanea barbourii Standl, (22) 95235 --"Ira chiricanae" See Standley (22) and Barbour (3,4); also Figs. 11 and 12, I recognized this as a Vantanea and requested Mr, Standley, if it proved new (as I suspected), to name it in honor of Mr. Barbour, who had been interes- ted in it for some months, This important bridge tim- ber of the San Isidro valley, hitherto unknown to sci- ence, represents a genus and family new to the North American flora, Type locality: 1.6 kilom. north of San Isidro del General, 0.8 kilom. west of Pan American Highway right- of-way, San José Province, Gentle southern slope, 760 m., rain forest type, clayey loam; growing in patches with alasan, guaba, etc. Tree 22 m. high, 3 dm. D.B. H.; 12 m. clear; sizes up to over 30 m. Bark brownish gray with longitudinal fissures, Strongest wood in this locality (apparently getting scarcer), used for heavy construction; pits in scalariform arrangement; wood sample taken, June ll, late fl. and early fr. Vantanea barbourii Standl, 95756 =--in fruit, "The name 'nispero' was given locally, and (seems to be used south of Rio Hermosa" ((W.R.B., Oct., 1943). 2,8 Pah 2 ON OuGt a iy Vol. 4, no. Fig. 11. Vantanea barbourii Standl, Habit drawing, 4 nat- ural size. A, flower bud, x 3; B, flower, x 24; C, calyx, receptacle, ripening ovary, and style » after caducous petals have fallen, x 24; D, group of stamens with basal connective, x 24, E, fruit, about x 2/3. Drawing by Miss Leta Hughey, U.S. Forest Service. All but "E" based on isotype in U. S. Forest Service Herbarium, 1953 3025. 1047. 3042. 1049. P 6077. 602k. 3100. 1050. 1038. 1043. 3001. 1007. 3158. 3119. Dayton, Seven plant collections 2h9 139. BURSERACEAE Protium sessiliflorum (Rose) Standl, 95171 Hills above La Florida, Limén Province, 230 m. Height of tree 12 m., 5 dm. D.B.H. Simaruba glauca DC, 98088 140, MELIACEAE Carapa guianensis Aubl. 95144 --"Cedro macho," Above Siquirres, Limén Province. Carapa slateri Standl. 98081 --"Cedro macho." Cedrela tonduzii C. DC, 95242 --"Cedro"; "Span= ish-cedar." "The best material I have (seen of this very distinct species" (P.C. (S.). 1st record for Panama? Three kilom. north of Camp El Volc4n, Pan American Highway, Chiriquf Prov., 1310 m, Dr. Little reports it a tree 43 m, high, 11 dm, D.B.H., crown 25 m. high and 15 m. wide, Wood sample taken. March 5; flowers white, Guarea excelsa H.B.K. 95032 Near Camp Empalme, Cartago Province, 2225 m. Dr. Little reports this a tree 21 m. high, with a 38 cm. D.B.H.; wood sample taken. Trichilia hirta L. 95172 Trichilia propinqua (Miq.) C. DC. 98090 --fr. 143. VOCHYSIACEAE Vochysia ferruginea Mart, 98092 —fr. n " ¥ 98093 —fr. Vochysia hondurensis Sprague 95240 --"Chancho"; "Mag- nolia," Vochysia (7) 95024, -—"no species known (to Central America" (P.C.S.). "Chancho (colorado." Mr, Barbour reports this a (tree 31 m. high, 7 dm, D.B.H., 15 m. (clear; size up to 7 dm. D.B.H. Wood (sample taken; "second-quality general (timber," 147. EUPHORBIACEAE Croton gossypiifolius Vahl 95175 --"Tagua." Reported as a balsa substitute. Wood sample taken, Up to 15 m. high. [ ??Croten --W.A.D.] 95205 -=-a very striking (and rather common low forest shrub, with (leaves brilliantly bluish on the under (surfaces, "I am disgusted that I am un- 250 1004. 3006. 3122, 6040. 6042. 1034.6 3094, 3104. 3046. Po YP OS OoGr Lf Vol. 4h, no. 4 (able to place this, but I can't imagine (where it is to be referred" (P.c.S.). Hieronyma alchorneoides Allemio 95012 --"Zapatero." On highway west of Buenos Aires, Puntarenas Prov- ince, 275 m. Mr. Barbour reports this a tree 28 m,. high, 6 dm, D.B.H., 15 m, clear, "good general-utility wood," Hieronyma alchorneoides Allem&o 95178 —-"Pildén." (Wood sample taken, Hieronyma oblonga (Tulasne) Muell. Arg. 95179 —"Come- negro," About 5 kilom, from San Isidro (del General, 825 m. Tree 18 m, high, (with 25 cm. D.B.H. and usable length of (6m. Wood dark reddish brown, utilized (locally, Sample taken, Hieronyma poasana Standl, 95027 Near summit of Cerros de Escazh, 2165 m. Dr. Little reports the tree as 12 m. high, Sapium pachystachys Schum, & Pitt, 95030 Near summit of Cerros de Escazt, 2165 m.3; tree 11 m,. high with 3 dm, D.B.H, Dr. Little reports the flowers as greenish, Pittier (15) has called atten- tion, chiefly as a result of his Costa Rican experi- ences, to the desirability of studying the Central American species of Sapium as possible sources of rubber, Sapium thelocarpum Schum, & Pitt. 98087 165. SAPINDACEAE Cupania temalensis Radlk. 95158 Dr. Jorge Leén, formerly of the Museo Nacional in San José, tells me this tree is sometimes known by the vernacular name "Tarzana." Cupania guatemalensis Radlk. 95159 174. TILIACEAB Belotia nsis Pittier 95170 --2d record aE Costa Rica? Ojo de Agua (Mills Co.) (camp, Pan American Highway, about 2900 m 3125(95169) and 1016(95749). Originally determined by Stand- 3156. 3157. ley as Goethalsia meiantha (Donn. Smith) Burret. See under Flacourtiaceae, Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz. 95176 —"Burfo," Reported as a balsa substitute. Wood sample taken. Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turez. 97100 --collected near Turrialba, Heliocarpus donnell-smithii Rose 95177 --"Burfo." Prof. Record wrote me June 7, 1944 as regards no. 3157 (95177): "It is not Heliocarpus neither is it 1953 3105. P 6079. P 6051. 3102. 1041. 1001. 1009. Dayton, Seven plant collections 251 anything else I recall having ever seen, and I have considered every possibility that I can think of. I shall write to Standley about it." Luehea candida (DC.) Mart. 95194 -~"Guacimo" ; "Molinillo." Sloanea macropoda Standl. (7) 95270 -="perhaps" ((P.C.S.). "“Abroja." Three kilom, north of Camp El Volcén, Chiriquf Province, 1310 m. Dr. Little reports this a tree 21 m, high, 4.5 dm. D.83.H. March 5, in bud; leaves not fully unfolded. Sloanea microcephala Standl. (7) 95269 --"Abroja." Eight kilom. north of Camp El Volcan, Chiriquf Province, 1830 m Dr. Little reports this a tree 25 m. high, 5 dm, D.B.H., 12 m, clear, He says the leaves are up to 65 cm. long and 28 cm. wide, the petioles up to 12.5 cm. long. March 2; no flowers nor fruit. Wood sample taken. Sloanea quadrivalvis Seem. 95228 —="Terciopelo." (N, B. Some prefer to place Sloanea (in Elaeocarpaceae, 177. BOMBACACEAE Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. 98082 186, THEACEAE Freziera candicans Tulasne 95065 (syn. Eurya (seemanniana Pittier) Near summit of Cerros de Escazu, 2165 m. Dr. Little reports this tree as 12 m, high, with 3.8 dm. D.B.H. The rough twigs are beset with small papilliform whit- ish lenticels., The many, parallel-veined leaves have a satiny sheen beneath. Dr. Little states that the corollas are white and the calyces green, Laplacea semiserrata (Mart. & Zucc.) Cambess, 95015 About 1.6 kKilom. northwest of San Isidro del Gen- eral, San José Province, 610 m, Mr. Barbour reports this a tree 25 m, high, & dm. D.B.H., 15 m. clear; sises up to 11 dm, D.B.H. Wood sample taken; "fair to good quality general construction lumber." These sprout leaves are much larger, more acuminate, and more conspicuously toothed than the presumably more normal leaves shown in the next specimen (1009). Laplacea semiserrata (Mart. & Zucc.) Cambess, 95016 About 6.5 kKilom, east of Turrialba, Cartago Prov- ince, 925m. Mr. Barbour reports this a tree 28 m. high, 4 dm. D.B.H., 15 m. clear; sizes up to 9 dm, D.B.H.; wood sample taken, 252 P 6061. PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. Laplacea semiserrata (Mart. & Zucc.) Cambess. 95250-- "Mangle." Wood sample taken. March (25, irs 3004 (95189) and 3041 (95190). See under Humiria, Humiria- 1039. 3069. 3076. 1029. 3062. P 6046. P 6068. P 6070. 3015. P 6052. * 1044. ceae,. 187. GUITIFERAE Calophyllum brasiliense Camb, var, rekoi Standl. 98080 Hypericum silenoides Juss. 95183 Near summit of Dos Burros peaks, Cerro de la Muerte, over 3400 m., above timberline. Hypericum silenoides Juss, 95184 --"these two collec- tions look different, and I may be wrong (in referring them to the same species, (but we have material matching both, and (some intermediate between them" (P.C.S.). ricum silenoides Juss, 95751 Hypericum strictum H.B.X, 95181 Dos Burros Peaks, Cerro de la Muerte, over 3400 m., above timberline. N,B. Some prefer to place the St. Jchnsworts (Hyper- icum spp.) in a distinct family, Hypericaceae. Tovomitopsis psychotriaefolia Oerst. 95246 --"Uvito," (lst record for Panama? Eight kilom, north of Camp El Voledn, Chiriquif Prov- ince, 1830 m. Dr. Little reports this a tree 18 m. high, with 2,5 dm. D.B.H., and 6m, clear. Wood sample taken —-"an attractive red." The maximum height hith- erto known of this tree, as shown by Standley (21) is indicated as 7 m. Tovomitopsis chotriaefolia Oerst. 95258 --"Uvito," Same site as above (6046). Tree 15 m, high, 23-25 em. D.B.H. Tovomitopsis psychotriaefolia Oerst. 95248 -~"Uvito," Same site as nos. 6046 and 6068 above. March 2, fr. Dr. Little reports the berries as "big, 1- to 5-seeded, orange coat around seed." Wood reddish; sample taken, Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. 95239 " " " " 95271 -=-"!Achote e Eight kilom. north of Camp El Volc4n, Chiriquf Prov- ince, 1830 m, Dr. Little reports this a tree 15 m, high, 25 cm. D.B.H., 9 m. clear, the bark with a yellow juice; wood sample taken. 199. FLACOURTIACEAE Casearia belizensis Standl. 980814 Apparently a first Costa Rica record and the second for the species, Barbour's tree was 34 m. high, as contrasted with "12 m." for Standley's type tree (21). 1953 3111. P 6063. * 3125. 1016, Dayton, Seven plant collections 253 Specimen deposited in U. S. National Herbariuna, Hasseitia floribunda H.B.K, 95213 Hasseltia panamensis Standl., n. sp. 95247 -="Coco- : oe a Three kilom, north of Camp El Volcan, Chiriq Province, 1310 m, Reported by Dr, Little as a tree 30 m. high, with 5.5 dm, D.B.H., usable length 16 m. Gen, nov. (7?) 95169 —originally re- ported by Standley as "probably" Goethalsia (meiantha (Donn. Smith) Burret (syns, Luehea (meiantha Donn, Smith; G. isthmica Pittier). (Material sterile. "Chancho blanco." About 5 kilom. up the right-of-way, Pan American Highway, toward La Division from center of San Isidro del General, 825 m., rain forest type, assoc. with bolador, colorado, comenegro, tiquissaro, etc, Smooth light gray bark; wood hard, heavy, almost white. Rec- ord and Hess (17) describe the wood of this species as light and soft, which has led Mr, Barbour to question the identification, No flowers nor fruit seen, How- ever, the leaf characters, including venation, corres- pond with the botanical descriptions of this species, and I am satisfied the material perfectly matches U.S. National Herbarium specimens thus labeled. See note under no, 1016 below, Same as no, 3125 (95169) above. 95749 Goethalsia is placed in Tiliaceae by Standley (20) and Record and Hess (17). Gleason (9) amended Pit- tier's description of the genus Goethalsia and placed it in Flacourtiaceae. M. Burret ("Goethalsia Pitt, doch eine Tiliaceae, keine Flacourtiaceae." Repert, Spec. Nov, 36: 195. 1934) disagrees with Gleason's family disposition of Goethalsia, as does Record ("Note on the classification of Goethalsia." Trop. Woods 40: 18. 1934) citing his own wood and twig exam- inations and the opinions of Pittier, Donnell Smith, Burret and Standley, In a later article ["Note on Goethalsia (Tiliaceae)." Trop. Woods 42: 21. 1935] Record mentions Rehder and Ducke as additional author- ities in favor of placing this genus in Tiliaceae. In a letter to me dated May 25, 1944, Dean Record reports as follows: "Barbour 1016 (F.S, Ser. No. 95749) and Dayton 3125 (F. S. Ser. No. 95169) are not Goethalsia but one of the Flacourtiaceae, Standley says: 'Now that you place them in Flacourtiaceae, I checked our ma- terial and find this same tree was collected twice by Skutch and that I determined each collection as a n. sp. of Hasseltia, The two are somewhat differ- ent, but I now believe they are one species because I do not believe the tree belongs to Hasseltia. .... 3048. 3012. * 1002. 3107. 3147.6 3059. 3115. PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 4 The general appearance is that of Hasseltia, but I don't believe it can be placed there, I should hate to describe a new genus in that family, but it may be necessary. .e.oeAt any rate, I shall be glad to give the plant further study, for evidently it is something quite new for Central America, at least.'" Later (June 7, 1944) Dean Record wrote me as fol- lows: "Standley and I agree that Barbour 1016 and Dayton 3125 are flacourtiaceous, but not Hasseltia. I have suggested Hasseltiopsis as a possibility, but it may prove to be a new genus," 208. BEGONIACEAE Begonia luxii C. DC. 95088 210. CACTACEAE Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn. 95219 221, COMBRETACEAE Terminalia amazonia (J.F. Gmel.) Exell 95023 --" ieee About 5 kilom. southeast of Buenos Aires, Puntare- nas Province, 430 m.; abundant. Tree 30 m. high, 5 dm. D.B.H., 19 m. clear; sizes up to 12 dm, D.B.H. Mr, Barbour reports that the wood splits badly but is being sawed for camp construction, etc. March 30, fr. 222. MYRTACEAE Eugenia sericiflora Benth. 95163 —"Escobo." A small tree, 6m. high, in trap-rock formation about 5 kilom, north and east of Nicoya, 305m. May 26, fr. The berrylike drupes, about the size of a common chokecherry, topped by the persistent 4-lobed calyx, contain a wed, 2-lobed, stony seed. Myrtus oerstedii (Berg. ) "Hemel, 95210 —"Arrayan." 223. MELASTOMACEAE Chaetolepis cufodontisii Standl. 95180 Dos Burros Peaks, above timberline, acid soil. May 14, fl. This low, slender~stemmed, small]= and slin- leaved, woody trailer is very different from most oth- er Costa Rican melastomes, Henrietella fascicularis (Swartz) Triana 95206 Near Wunderlich Camp, San Isidro del General, 610 m. June 9, fr. This species has been "reported" hith- erto from Costa Rica, and this may be the first 1953 6016. 3029. 3148. 6019. 3027. Dayton, Seven plant collections 255 definite collection. The shiny black berries are edible. 224. ONAGRACEAE Fuchsia arborescens Sims 95033 Fuchsia splendens Zucc, 95169 A somewhat vinelike plant in this locality (Ojo de Agua Camp, near Cartago - San José Province border, 2900 m.) which did not appear to be epiphytic here; its upper leaves are ovate but not cordate. Mr. Bar- bour made a water-color painting of the plant. May 13, fl. Oenothera multicaulis var. tarquensis 95114 (syn. 0. (cuprea Schlecht “> 225. HALORHAGIDACEAE Gunnera insignis (Oerst.) A. DC, ---—- A conspicuous, rhubarblike plant. See Fig. 13. 227. ARALIACEAE Didymopanax pittieri March. 95137 Gilibertia sessiliflora Standl, & A.C. Smith 95031 -- ("Manteco?" Near Camp Empalme, Pan American Highway, Cartago Province, 2225 m, Dr, Little reports this a tree 28 m. high, with 6 dm, D.B.H.; wood sample taken. Collected Feb. 19, the greenish flowers in globular clusters, Oreopanax pycnocarpus Donn, Smith 95026 The large oval leaves (some of them over 30 cm, long) and the somewhat conelike fruits make this ma- terial rather distinctive, Oreopanax should be treated as a masculine noun; see my note under Panax on p. 452 of "Standardized Plant Names" (10). 228. UMBELLIFERAE Myrrhidendron donnell-smithii Coult. & Rose 95209 Ojo de Agua, near Cartago - San José Province line, 2900 m, May 13, fl. The habit of this plant, about 4.5 m. high and with a D.B.H. of 12.5 cm., was dis- tinctly treelike; an arborescent umbellifer is some- thing of a novelty! Coulter and Rose (Bot. Gaz. 19: 465. 1894) report that it is "the only arborescent (umbelliferous) species that we have seen from North America," 256 PHY Too! LeOrGt Lek Vol. h, no. Fig. 12. Type locality of Vantanea barbourii Standl. Mr. Wm. R. Barbour and Sr. Valverde seated on an "ira chiricana" squared timber, about 0.6 x 0.6 x 12 m., probably destined for a bridge on the Pan American Highway. The darkness of the forest, rain and overcast skies were not conducive to photo- graphic clarity! Fig. 13. Gun- nera insignis (Oerst.) A. DC., near road up Irazu. | Photo by Wm. R. Barbour, June 20, 1943. Mr. John A. Scholten at right. Plant in immature flower. Fig. 14. One of the twin peaks of Dos Burros, Cerro de la Muerte, over 3400 m. Photo by John A. Scholten May 14, 1943. Mr. Barbour and a peon standing and the writer sitting on top. Senecio andicola and Hypericum silenoides are promi- nent among the shrubs in the foreground, 1953 306ha. 3077a. 3040. 3052. Dayton, Seven plant collections 257 230, CLETHRACEAE Clethra gelida Standl. 95156 —"very ae (P. ‘ C.S. e n n " 95157 233. ERICACEAE Arctostaphylos rubescens (Bertol.) Hemsl, 95136 Cavendishia costaricensis Hoerold 95147 Near summit of Traz, 3400 m. June 20, fl. A showy shrub or smail tree. Cavendishia smithii Hoerold 95146 Ojo de Agua (Mills Co.) camp, Pan American Highway, 2900 m. May 13, in bud and flower, A small tree 4.5 Me high. Disterigma humboldtii (Klotzsch) Niedenzu 95201 Near Ojo de Agua (Mills Co.) camp, San José Prov- ince, 2900 m,. Macleania glabra (Klotzsch) Hoerold 95066 Near Camp Empalme, along Pan American Highway, 2225 m.- Epiphytic on Quercus. s Pernettya coriacea Klotzsch 95193 ——"Arrayan." " n n 95196 n " " 95197 " n 9521 6 " n 95198 " " " 95199 n " " 95202 " n " 95217 " n " 95264 Northwest side of Volcén Chiriquf{, Chiriqu{ Prov- ince, 1375 m. March 4, fl. and fr. Pernettya coriacea Klotzsch 95752 Standley (21) says of the fruits of this species "Pittier believes that they may be poisonous." I do not know whether this was an oral or published remark, as I have beer unable thus far to trace it in Dr. Pittier's works accessible to me, Of the related P. pentlandii DC, of Venezuela Pittier (16) remarks "fru- tas .e.e sospechosas,." The writer knows of no fleshy- fruited ericaceous plants that are poisonous, and is inclined to be skeptical that the berries of Pernettya coriacea are toxic. Pernettya prostrata (Cav.) Sleumer, var. purpurea (Don) Sleumer 95195 " " " " w 95200 This was not recognized by Standley in 1938 (21) as distinct from P, coriacea, " Vaccinium consanguineum Klotzsch 95233 --"Arrayan." n n n 95232 3152. 3026. 3091. * 3005. 1041. 3103. Pull YT) OL, OnGrel yA Vol. h, no. Vaccinium consanguineum Klotzsch 95234 n n " 95755 -~apparently (of the var. "irazuense Sleumer" type (W.A. (D.). 236. MYRSINACEAE Ardisia glanduloso-marginata Oerst,. 95061 Parathesis storkii Standl. 95063 239. SAPOTACEAE Chrysophyllum cainito L. 95153 --"Caimito"; star- apple, 2h1, STYRACACEAE Styrax argenteus Pres] 95064 Near summit of Cerros de Escazf, about 10 kilom, southwest of San José, 2165 m., cloud forest type partly cleared for pasture. Dr. Little reports this a tree 15 m. high, with 3 dm. D.B.H, 245. LOGANIACEAE Buddleia alpina Oerst. 95140 246. GENTIANACEAE Halenia rhyacophila Allen 95106 Near Ojo de Agua (Mills Co.) camp, Pan American Highway, Cartago Province, 2900 m, May 13, fl. 247. APOCYNACEAE Stemmadenia obovata (Hook. & Arn.) Schum. 95230 Five kilom. southwest of Nicoya, 275 m., slatey loam, May 24, fl. The flowers, when fresh, were very showy, over 6 cm. broad, bright yellow, the lobes with a distinct twist. 252. BORAGINACEAE Cordia bicolor DC. 95154 -~"Bernabé." "New (to Costa Rica" (P.C.S.). Hills above La (Florida, Limon Province. Size up to 16 m, (high and 7.5 dm. D.B.H.; bark fibrous. (May 7, in bud. Cordia bicolor DC, 98083 Cordia t ve Aubl. 95155 --3d record for Scosta Rica? Five kilom. south of Nicoya, 245 m.; limestone formation. 1953 Dayton, Seven plant collections 259 253. VERBENACEAE P 6073. Citharexylum donnell-smithii Greenm. 95260 --lst rec- (ord for Panama? Northwest side of Volc4n Chiriquf, Chiriqu{ Prov- ince, 1375 m., in island of xerophytic forest sur- rounded by lava alluvial fan; volcanic dust, pumice and lava boulders, Dr, Little reports this a tree 15 m. high, with 4.5 dm. D.B.H. March 4, the flowers just shed from the naked catkin axes. 3112. Cornutia grandifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schauer 95141 P 6071. Lippia oxyphyllaria (Donn, Smith) Standl. 95251 ~lst P (record for ? Northwest side of Volcan Chiriquf, Chiriquf Prov- ince, 1375 m. Dr. Little reports this as common in groves at edge of savanna. March 4, fr.; fruit hop- like, 6015. Lippia torresii Standl. 95036 —"Caragua." Macho Gap camp, 39 kilom. south of Cartago and 5 kilom, north of Copey, 2500 m. 256, SOLANACEAE 3014. Cestrum baenitzii Lingelsh. 95229 .3155. Cestrum warscewiczii Klotzsch 95151 6022. Solanum dotanum Morton & Standl. 95062 Macho Gap camp, 5 kilom, north of Copey, Cartago Province, in cloud (oak) forest type, 2500 m. Febru- ary 19, fl. Tree 6m. high, 7.5 cm. D.B.H. Dr. Lit- tle reports that this occurs also as a climber, 3020. Solanum sanctaeclarae Greenm, 95150 1026, Solanum storkii Standl. 957L8 257. SCROPHULARIACEAE 3072. Castilleja irasuensis Oerst, 95093 Near summit of Dos Burros Peaks, Cerro de la Muerte, 3400 m., above timberline, May l4, fl. 3136. Castilleja irasuensis Oerst. 95094, Near summit of Trazu, 3400 m. One of the most con- spicuous herbaceous plants. June 20, fl. 1031. eit s irasuensis Oerst. 95743 3068, stilleja rosii Standl,. 95092 Near summit of Dos Burros Peaks, 3400 m. Largely ericaceous type, above timberline, May 14, fl. Much larger plant than C, irasuensis, the habit suggesting somewhat a western U, S, Cordylanthus, 258. BIGNONIACEAE Wel, Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don 95227 -~"Gallinazo." 260 * 3008. 1024. 6034. 3011. 3065. 3067. 3101. 3118. 3117. 3007. 3021. PHYTOLOGIA Volk. lh, Gass A famous ornamental tree of Costa Rica and Panama, but collected in the wild by Mr, Julian A. Weston, of the International Balsa Corporation, San José, and turned over to our party, under the local name, "Acei- tuno," with a wood sample, as a possible substitute for balsa. Tabebuia acan (Seem,) Hemsl. (7) 95145 --"at (least I cannot find a better place for (it" (P.C.S.). "Plomillo." Hills above La Florida, 230 m., associated with bernabe, campana, pejiballito, and pildn. Wood sample taken. Wood, which has a mild vinegar odor, is re- ported to be durable and to hold nails well, May 7; neither flowers nor fruit seen. 262. GESNERIACEAE Alloplectus ichthyoderma Hanst. 95747 Columnea hirta Klotzsch & Hanst. 95034 Columnea tomentulosa Morton 95204 (syn. C. to- (mentosa Oerst., not Roxb.) 266, ACANTHACEAE (Genus 7?) 95097 =--"sterile, and I (cannot place it" (P.C.S.). Small herb; Dos Burros Peaks, Cerro de la Muerte, over 3400 m., above timberline. 270. RUBIACEAE poe phyllum lavarum Schun, 9518. 2 Calycophyllum candidissimum (Vahl) a) 95143 --"Sura" 3 "Madrotio." Cephaelis elata Swartz 95149 Near Wunderlich Camp, San Isidro del General, 610 m. Involucral bracts tawny orange. Not so handsome as the next species. Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl 95148 --"the most collected rubiaceous plant of tropical eet and with a vast range” (P.C. S.). Chimarrhis parviflora Standl. 95152 =-="Pejiballi- ee lst definite record for Costa Rica? Hills above La Florida, Limon Province, 230m. May 7, immature fl. The hard, golden-yellow to orange- color wood is among the handsomest of Costa Rican lun bers; it would undoubtedly be a choice interior finish if better known, Hamelia nodosa Mart. & Gal. 95173 1953 1017. 3116. 6017. * 3071. 1028. 3049. 3028. 30lla. 6041. Dayton, Seven plant collections 261 Ladenbergia sericophylla Standl. 95750 Palicourea triphylla DC. 95174 Near Wunderlich Camp, San Isidro del General, 610 m, Small tree 4,5 m, high, with reddish flowers in a lilac-like thyrse, The ternately whorled leaves are a conspicuous feature. 271. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum costaricanum (Oerst.) Hemsl. 95028 273. VALERIANACEAE Valeriana woodsonii Standl. 95130 -=-"des- cribed from Chiriqu{; new for Costa Rica" ((P.C Sa) e Dos Burros Peaks, Cerro de la Muerte, 3400 m. May 1,4; oa LE Valeriana woodsonii Standl. 95746 In paramo, Cerro de la Muerte, October 10. 276b. LOBELIACEAE Centropogon gutierrezii (Planch. & Oerst.) 95090 Winmer Centropogon valerii Standl. 95095 --"known (previously from only 2 collections. (McVaugh calls this C, grandidentatus var. (Valerii McV., in which very likely he is (right. The leaves are quite different (from those of the typical variety" (P.C. (S.). Ojo de Agua (Mills Co,) camp, 2900 m. May 13, fl.; very showy. Lobelia irasuensis Planch. & Oerst. 95091 (syn. Lau- rentia irasuensis (Planch. & Oerst.) (Wimmer) May 3, fl. Under the name Laurentia irazuensis, Standley (21, p. 1415. 1938) describes this species as an annual, and, under the name Lobelia irasuensis (op. cit., p. 1416), a perennial. My specimen seems to be annual, 280. COMPOSITAE Vernonieae Vernonia stellaris Llave & Lexarza 95029 Near summit of Escazu, 2165 m. February 27, fl. Dr. Little reports this as 5.5 dm. high, growing along fence-rows, uncommon, 262 * 3080. %* 3080a. 3149. 3039. 3089. 3162. 3010. 3161. 3081. 1027. * 1030. PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. Eupatorieae Eupatorium sp. nov, 95164 -=- "I cannot place (it with any species known from Central (America, although one would suppose there (were already names enough to include any- (thing. The plant appears to be a well (marked species" (P.C.S.). Standley's de- (termination, E, daytonii Standl., appears (never to have been published and to be a (nomen only. Eupatorium sp, nov. 95165 -——"this one is not (so outstanding, but I can't refer it sat- (isfactorily to any of the know Costa (Rican species" (P.C.S.). Standley's de- (termination, E, maestum Standl.. does not (appear to have been published and hence is (a nomen only. Both the above eupatoriums were collected near sum- mit of Dos Burros Peaks, Cerro de la Muerte, about 3400 m., acid ericaceous site. May 14, fl. Astereae Bellis perennis L. 95089 Laestadia costaricensis Blake 95103 =-"a rare plant” (P.C.S5é)s Inuleae Gnaphalium spicatum Lam. 95104 Heliantheae Wedelia acapulcensis H.B.K. 95133 Zexmenia frutescens (Mill.) Blake 95236 " " " " 95237 Showy tree, 16 m. high, with 15 cm. D.B.H., growing wild on bank of Rio Reventazén, grounds of Inter-Amer- ican Institution of Agricultural Sciences, Turrialba. June 29; rs Senecioneae Senecio andicola Turcz. 95191 --material sterile; somewhat suggests a Ledum in appearance. Near summit of Dos Burros Peaks, Cerro de la Muerte, over 3400 m., above timberline, See Fig. ly. Senecio andicola Turcz. 95757 Senecio mortuosus Standl., sp. nov. 95744 -<—"the plant is undoubtedly different from any other 1953 Dayton, Seven plant collections 263 (species known from Central America, but (it is very desirable to describe the (characteristic leaves, whose nature can (not be guessed from the upper ones" (P.C, (S.). It is doubtful that this name has (been published, 3078. Senecio oerstedianus Benth. 95125 Cichorieae 3144. Hypochaeris radicata L. 95108 SUMMARY Of the 298 specimens collected by members of the party 5 species from Costa Rica and 1 species from Panama have been named by Dr, Standley as new to science; 7 others (from Costa Rica) appear to be new and of these 4 cannot now be positively placed even to genus; Miss Allen has described one Panaman species as new; 15 species (besides the novelties) are not list- ed in Standley's "Flora of Costa Rica" and an additional one appears to be new to that country; 1 family (Humiriaceae), 1 genus (Vantanea), and 1 species of Geranium are new to the Central and North American flora; 5 species appear to be first records for Panama; also there are several second and third rec- ords and numerous additions to information as regards size, dis- tribution, phenology, characteristics, values, etc. All in all, therefore, the collections appear to have a scientific interest disproportionate to their relatively small size. This report, besides the above features, takes occasion to correct a few common misspellings of names; to publish a large number of vernacular names not appearing hitherto in literature; one new scientific name is also published, LITERATURE” Crt sD (1) Allen, Caroline K, 1945. Studies in the Lauraceae, VI, Preliminary survey of the Mexican and Central American species, Arnold Arbor, Jour. 26(3): 280-364, July; 26 (4): 365-434, Oct. (2) Barbour, William R, 1943. The oak forests of Costa Rica, Trop. Woods 75: 1-4. Sep. (3) 1943. Note on Vantanea Barbourii Standley. Trop. Woods 75: 7-8. Sep. (4) 1944. Forests of El General Valley, Costa Rica. Trop. Woods 79: 10-15. Sep. 26h, Puy Rel: Oye Opel A Vol. h, no. (5) Bevan, Arthur. 1943. Giant oaks of Costa Rica, Amer. Forests 49(10): 486-7; 509, illus. Oct, (6) Carter, A. N. 1943. Building the Inter-American Highway. Pt. III - Construction in Costa Rica and Panama, Eng. News-Rec. 130: 339-346, illus. Aug. (7) Dayton, William A. 1944. Copey oak in Costa Rica, Agric. in the Americas 4(7): 134-135, illus. July. (8) 1945. Costa Rica = land of forests. Agric. in the Americas 5(3): 43-46, 50, illus, Mar. (9) Gleason, H. A. 1934. Notes on the genus Goethalsia Pittier, Phyto- logia 1(2): 112. (10) Kelsey, Harlan P, and Dayton, William A, 1942. Standardized Plant Names, ed. 2. 675 pp. Harrisburg. (11) Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1948. Copey o2k, Quercus copeyensis, in Costa Rica. Carib, Forester 9(4): 345-353, illus. Oct. (12) Merker, C. A., Barbour, Wm. R., Scholten, John H., and Dayton, W. A. 1943. The forests of Costa Rica. 132 p., illus., map, Processed. Nov. (13) 1943. Accomplishments of Latin American forest resour- ces project. 80 p., illus. Processed. Nov. (14) Muller, Cornelius H. 1942. The Central American species of Quercus. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 477, 216 pp., illus. July. (15) Pittier, Henry. 1908. The Mexican and Central American Species of Sapium. Contrib. U. S, Natl. Herb, 12(4): 159-170, illus. (16) 1926, Manual de las plantas usuales de Venezuela, xvi + 458 pp., illus. Caracas. (17) Record, Samuel J. and Hess, Robert W. 1943. Timbers of the New World, New Haven. 640 pp., illus, (18) Record, Samuel J. 1944. Humiria discovered in Central America (in Miscel- laneous notes on tropical American woods, p.1l- 5). Trop. Woods 79: 2-3. Sep. (19) Scheffer, Theodore C., and Duncan, Catherine G. 1947. The decay resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian woods, Trop. Woods 92: 1-24. Dec. Dayton, Seven plant collections 265 Standley, Paul C. 1928, Flora of the Panama Canal Zone, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 27, 416 p., illus, 1937-8. Flora of Costa Rica, Field Mus, Pub. 391, Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18, 4 pts., 1616 p.; map. 1943. A Costa Rican species of Vantanea, of the family Humiriaceae, a group new to Central America, Trop. Woods 75: 5-6, Sep. Standley, Paul C., and Steyermark, Julian A. 1944. Studies of Central American Plants - IV. Field Mus. Pub. 549, Bot. Ser. 23: 31-109. Thompson, Stephen G, 1943. South American forest empire is charted. N. Y. Herald Tribune, Aug. 15. Vogt, William, 1943. Road to beauty, Pan Amer. Union Bul. 77(12): 661-671, illus, Dec. Waterman, Alma M, 1946. The effect of water-soluble extractives from the heartwood of tropical American woods on the growth of two wood-decay fungi. Trop. Woods 88: 1-11, Dec, THE KNOWN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE VERBENA- CEAE, AVICENNIACEAE, STILBACEAE, SYMPHOREMACEAE, AND ERIOCAUL- ACEAE. SUPPLEMENT 10 Harold N. Moldenke Since the preparation of the previous installment of these supplementary lists the following new geographic records have come to light and are enumerated here for the first time, along with certain emendations of previous records. The specimens on which these additions are based are deposited in the herbaria of the British Museum (Natural History) av London, the Jardin Botan- ique de 1'Etat at Brussels, the United States National Museum at Washington, and the New York Botanical Garden at New York. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Mississippi: Eriocaulon decangulare L. [Stone County] Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Hancock County] Yerbena brasiliensis Vell. [Hancock County] Verbena halei Small [Stone County] Verbena scabra Vahl [Harrison County] Verbena tenuisecta Briq. [George County] Colorado: Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Adams County] Verbena stricta Vent. [Elbert County] CURACAO: Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. COLOMBIA : Aegiphila aculeifera Moldenke [Huila] Aegiphila cuatrecasasi Moldenke [Huila] Aegiphila guianensis Moldenke [Caquet4] Aegiphila lehmannii Moldenke [Santander] Aegiphila sessiliflora Moldenke [Cauca] Avicennia tonduzii Moldenke [Valle del Cauca] Citharexylum kunthianum Moldenke [Huila] Citharexylum subflavescens Blake [Huila] Duranta mandoni Moldenke [Boyac4] Duranta sprucei var. colombiensis Moldenke -- delete the asterisk Lantana cujabensis Schau. [Cundinamarca] Lantana cujabensis var. punctata Moldenke [Huila] Lantana glutinosa Poepp. [Cundinamarca] Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. [Huila] Lippia americana f. pilosa Moldenke [Bolfivar, Cundinamarca, & Méta] Paepalanthus andicola Ktrn. [Cauca & Norte de Santander] 266 1953 Moldenke, Geographic distribution Paepalanthus killipii Moldenke [Huila & Méta] Paepalanthus lodiculoides Moldenke [Méta] Paepalanthus schultesii Moldenke [Norte de Santander] Philodice hoffmannseggii Mart. [Magdalena] Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl [Santander] Stachytarpheta straminea Moldenke [Antioquia] Syngonanthus oblongus (Ktrn) Ruhl. [Amazonas] Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl. [Amazonas] Syngonanthus vaupesanus Moldenke [Amazonas] Verbena glabrata H.B.K. [Cauca] Vitex cymosa Bert. [Tolima] Vitex klugii Moldenke [Amazonas] Vitex orinocensis var. glabra Moldenke [Méta]* ECUADOR: Lantana rugulosa H.B.K. [Caflar] Lippia americana f. hyptoides (Benth.) Moldenke [Guayas] Lippia americana f. pilosa Moldenke [Guayas] Paepalanthus crassicaulis Ktrn. [Loja] Verbena hispida Rufz & Pav. [Azuay] PERU: Amasonia lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. [San Martin] Citharexylum flexuosum var, subglabrum Moldenke is to be deleted Citharexylum kobuskianum Moldenke [La Libertad] Citharexylum peruvianum Moldenke [Ayacucho]* Duranta sprucei var. colombiensis Moldenke [Amazonas] Lippia americana f, hyptoides (Benth.) Moldenke [Piura] Verbena cuneifolia Rufz & Pav. [La Libertad] Verbena litoralis H.B.K. [Ancachs & Cajamarca] BRAZIL: Eriocaulon magnificum Ruhl. [Paran4] Paepalanthus exiguus (Bong.) Ktrn. [Rio Branco] Syngonanthus longipes Gleason [Guaporé] Verbena lobata var. sessilis Moldenke [Paran4]* BOLIVIA: Lantana trifolia f. hirsuta Moldenke [Tarija] PARAGUAY: Lippia arechavaletae Moldenke SIERRA LEONE: Clerodendrum splendens var. giletti (De Wild. & Durand) Thomas BELGIAN CONGO: Clerodendrum dewittei Moldenke* Clerodendrum sessilifolium Moldenke* Clerodendrum splendens var. longicuspe Moldenke* Gmelina elliptica J. E. Sm. KENYA: Clerodendrum dalei Moldenke* 267 268 PHY TOL Ceara Vol. h, nog ANGOLA: Eriocaulon welwitschii Rendle -- delete the asterisk NORTHERN RHODESIA: Clerodendrum luembense De Wild. SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Clerodendrum discolor var. crenatum Thomas Clerodendrum glabrum var. vagum (Hiern) Moldenke Clerodendrum tanganyikense var. bequaerti (De Wild.) Molden- ke Eriocaulon strictum Milne-Redhead Eriocaulon welwitschii Rendle Premna hildebrandtii Gttrke Vitex - payos var. ayos var. glabrescens (Pieper) Moldenke Vitex welwitschii Gtirke BRITISH NYASALAND PROTECTORATE: Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Priva cordifolia var. flabelliformis Moldenke Vitex madiensis var. gossweileri Pieper PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Clerodendrum pleiosciadium Gtirke FRENCH INDO—CHINA: Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn. [Tonkin] THAILAND: Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl Clerodendrum laevifolium Blume Clerodendrum laevifolium var. fletcheri Moldenke* Premna tomentosa Willd. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Callicarpa longivillosa Merr. is to be deleted BRITISH NORTH BORNEO: Eriocaulon beccarii Suesseng. & Heine is to be deleted SARAWAK s Eriocaulon truncatum Hamilt,. NEW GUINEA: Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl [Papua] CULTIVATED: Callicarpa arborea Roxb. [Sumtra] Clerodendrum laevifolium var. fletcheri Moldenke [Thailand] Holmskioldia tettensis (Klotzsch) Vatke [Southern Rhodesia] HORTUS DUROBRIVENSIS I. Bernard Harkness It is intended to present under the above title and in forty-five or more parts a complete catalog of the living collection of woody plants of the parks of Rochester, New York. Such descriptive, cultural and historical notes as seem most valuable are given in brief. Scientific names follow the Bibliography of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs by Alfred Rehder, with some few exceptions. A conservative orthography is maintained with respect to capitalization of specif- ic names honoring persons and of nouns in apposi- tion. The authors cited in addition to the accepted author of each taxon are included to indicate some of the references regularly used in preparation of this work, with emphasis on recent publications. While more complete data of the weather and soils of the park areas will be presented in appen- dices, it may well be noted at the beginning that Highland Park is on the broken terrain of a moraine deposit of limy gravels and sands. Durand-Eastman Park has nearly neutral sands and silt loams derived from river delta deposits in a glacial lake. A low temperature of -22 degrees Fahrenheit has been re- corded in Rochester, but, usually, temperature ex- tremes are tempered by proximity to Lake Ontario. Many have been instrumental in the building and preservation of the Rochester parks; only a few re- presentative names are mentioned. In 1888 the Ell- wanger and Barry nursery firm gave the land area on which Highland Park was started as well as a complete collection of their nursery list. John Dunbar was active until 1926 in building the collections with skill and knowledge from English training. As Di- rector, Patrick Slavin kept the collections from neglect through the difficult periods of depression and war. Still living are two whose life work was in the parks. Bernard Slavin, a keen plantsman, has had several hybrids and seedling forms of his rais- ing named in his honor. Richard E. Horsey shared most generously with me his knowledge of the collec- tions and his records kept of the plantings for over forty years are basic to this study. 269 270 PLY SE Om 1076 Vol. 4, no. ABELIA - R. Brown in Abel - Narr. Jour. China. 1818 CAPRIFOLIACEAE -- Honeysuckle Family. Abelia Graebneriana, Rehd. GRAEBNER ABELIA ec & w China Rehder in Sargent - Plantae Wilsonianae. 1911 Bean I,115 (1950); Besant in Chittenden 192(1940) Recorded as representing Wilson's #4422 from Fahn-Hsien, w Hupeh, in woodlands from 1500 to 2300 meters of altitude, collected in 1910, plants came to us from the Arnold Arboretum in 1912. The plant persisted in Highland Park somewhat sheltered by taller shrubs until 1951, when it was uprooted by accident. The same plant is now established in the Herbarium courtyard planting. It is recorded as reaching 10 feet in 1930 but severe winters since have reduced it to annual growth up to 3 feet. It is interesting in that it has the larger leaf of the type description rather than the smaller leafed var- iations of other of Wilson's numbers. It is report-— ed (Bull. of Pop. Inf. 16:2) unreliable after sever- al tests at the Morton Arboretum. Abelia grandiflora, (André) Rehd. GLOSSY ABELIA (chinensis x uniflora) Rehder in Bailey - Cyc. Am. Hort. 1900 a a ee Se Mottet 262 (1924); van Melle 61 (1943) Plants of this best known of the Abelias were received at Highland Park from the nursery of Leon Chenault & Sons, Orleans, France in 1919 but were lost from overcrowding by more vigorous plants after about 25 years. A photo in Cornell Bulletin 772, The Winter Hardiness of Some Ornamental Woody Plants in New York State by John F. Cornman is a reccrd of our plants. A new start of Glossy Abelia now grows in the Herbarium courtyard. Here it is best cut to the ground to encourage strong new shoots which flower in late summer and autumn. ABIES - Will constitute Part II. ACANTHOPANAX,Miquel - Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1863 ARALIACEAE - Ginseng Family. 1953 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis 271 Acanthopanax divaricatus, (S.&Z.) Seeman KEYA ARALTIA Japan Seeman in Journal of Botany. 1867 Blackburn 73 (1952); Pourtet 550 (1949) An inconspicuous member of a genus that lacks outstanding ornamental characteristics, its five- leaflet pattern of foliage and, in most years, its abundance of black fruits in round heads are its special graces. Pourtet mentions its habit of drop- ping its leaves early in the fall which limits its landscape value. Plants were received from the Ar- nold Arboretum in 1906 and 1907. A maximum height of 10 feet was recorded in 1940. Acanthopanax Giraldii, Harms GIRALDI ARALIA c & nw China Harms in Bot. Jahrb. 1905 ee EE EE EE SE EE Ee Kriissmann 20 (1952); Li 80 (1942) Densely growing to four feet with numerous very bristly shoots, our plant has its older stems die back and apparently will never reach the nine foot height of its natural habitat. It is recorded as being Purdomts #849, but the province of that number and the date of accession here are not known at pre- sent. Probably hardier strains are in cultivation. Flowering and fruiting are infrequent on our plant. Acanthopanax lasiogyne, Harms SIKANG ARALIA w China Harms in Sargent - Plantae Wilsonianae. 1915 Bean I,140 (1950); Li 78 (1942) The Rochester experience with this plant agrees with that reported from Kew Gardens by Bean who calls it one of the hardiest and most satisfactory of the hardy araliads. Certainly the zone given in Rehder as VII? may be changed to V. It is the tallest plant of the genus in the Highland Park collection reaching 14 feet with a natural arching spread of almost as many feet. It flowers and fruits well. Our plant was obtained from R.&J. Farquhar in 1917. Introduction of this valuable plant should be credit- ed to E. H. Wilson who collected it near Tachienlu 272 PH We (Omi OrGiae ek Vol. ly, me's in 1908 and 1910 and from whose specimens Harms de- scribed the species. As its range has not been ex- tended by later collections and as the Tachienlu area now is included in that province, an English name of Sikang Aralia is proposed. Acanthopanax senticosus, (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms MANCHURIAN ARALIA n Asia Harms in Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1897 Li 71 (1942); Woeikoff 75 (1941) The large five-segmented leaf gives a rather coarse effect for this plant which stays at about six feet in cultivation. In the shady forests across northern Asia, including Japan, it is report- ed to reach 15 feet. Woeikoff notes the use of young foliage as a salad. The St. Petersburg nur- sery of Regel & Kesselring was the source in 1910 of one Highland Park plant; the other came from the Ar- nold Arboretum with a U.S.D.A. introduction number. This plant may well be called Manchurian Aralia. Acanthopanax Sieboldianus, Mak. FIVELEAF ARALTIA Japan Makino in Bot. Mag. Yokyo. 1898 van Melle 62 (1943); Wyman 95 (1949) The only plant of its genus which has Bde its way generally into nursery lists. Gardeners have valued it as useful for its tolerance of less favor- able conditions of soil and shade. It is good hedg- ing material and its slight thorniness adds to its effectiveness. Plants of Fiveleaf Aralia are dioe- cious and material in cultivation seems to be all pistillate, which, without fertilization, produces no fruit. Acanthopanax Simonii, Schneid. SIMON ARALIA ce China C.K. Schneider - Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1909 Bean 1,144 (1950); Li 75 (1942) This shrub might well be chosen to represent the genus in gardens where neat and small (6 ft.) plants only are desired. Its leaves are not large, its sum- 1953 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis 273 mer flowering and black fruits in autumn are abund- ant. Its thorniness is confined to a few prickles curved like some rose species. Our plant was re- ceived from the Arnold Arboretum in 1919. Acanthopanax Wardii, W. W. Sm. THREELEAF ARALIA w China W. W. Smith in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 1917 Blackburn 73 (1952); Li 88 (1942) From R.& J. Farquhar & Co., the Boston nursery firm, in 1917 there came two plants called Acantho- panax lasiogyne. It was not until the studies for this work were undertaken that it was discovered that one plant lacked the tomentose flower parts of that species, and that it must be referred to this species, formerly known as A. ternatum. As Li states it closely simulates A, lasio e, but in addition to the technical characters separating them, a close checking of our plants showed that the Threeleaf Aralia holds its leaves in good condition until early November at least two weeks longer than the Sikang species, the leaves are less leathery in tex- ture and its individual fruits are noticeably larger. ACER -- Will constitute Part III. ACTINIDIA, Lindley - Nat. Syst. Bot., ed.2. 1836 ACTINIDIACEAE -- Actinidia Family Actinidia arguta, (S.& Z.) Miq. BOWER ACTINIDIA ne Asia, Japan Miquel in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1867 a i a a ee Kriissmann 37 (1951); Woeikoff 32 (1941) When grown, as it is in Highland Park, ina shrub form by annual pruning back, its flowering and fruiting qualities are lost, though the large leaves on new shoots give a bold, exotic effect. Bower Actinidia is the hardiest of the genus and its fruiting potentialities have been demonstrated at Geneva, New York. Woeikoff notes, however, that its pollination is not always achieved by insects which makes its fruit crop uncertain. In its native for- ests it is a strong climber going to the tops of large trees. Plants were received here in 1992 from the Spath nurseries of Berlin, Germany. 27h PE ROO :G sik Vol. , no. 4 Actinidia chinensis, Planch. CHINESE ACTINIDIA e China Planchon in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1847 ea ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Blackburn 83 (1952); Wilson II,32 (1913) The young shoots of Chinese Actinidia are dense- ly set with pinkish hairs which extend over the stem and veins of the leaf. Our plant does not respond as well as other Actinidias to the annual cutting back, but sends out awkward long shoots each season. It is probably best grown as a vine. Seven years after Wilson sent seeds from Hupeh to England in 1900, its European introduction, plants were receiv- ed at Highland Park from the Veitch nurseries. Actinidia polygama, (S.& Z.) Max. SILVER VINE e Asia, Japan Maximowicz in Mem. Div. Sav. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 1859 Bean 3,182 (1950), Woeikoff 32 (1941) Silver Vine responds well to the annual cutting back given in Highland Park and usually exhibits the characteristic silvering of some of its leaves. It has also flowered well but produces no fruits. Bean recommends growing it as a thicket because of its weak growth. Bean labels the fruits as disagreeable in flavor, but Woeikoff, though admitting a burning reaction when unripe, compares the ripe fruits to fresh figs. Our start came from the Arnold Arbor- etum in 1923. AESCULUS, Linnaeus - Sp. Pl. 1753 HIPPOCASTANACEAE ~—-— Horse-Chestnut Family. Aesculus arguta, Buckl. TEXAS BUCKEYE Mo. to Texas Buckley in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1860 Kriissmann 39 (1951); Pourtet 517 (1949) At first considered a shrub (Sargent - to 1.5 m. high, with numerous small stems often prostrate on the ground in the autumn from the weight of the abundant fruit) as observed at Larissa, Texas, at Rochester Texas Buckeye has grown into small tree 1953 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis 275 form, single trunked with rough bark and up to 18 feet in height. It is tolerant of dry weather and will grow in the shade of overhanging trees. Its small leaf size is distinctive and its apiculate bud scales indicate its relationship to A. glabra. Two plants of Texas origin have leaves which remain pu- berulous through the season, which suggests the same variations exist as are recognized in other species of the Buckeyes. It sheds its leaves early in the fall. Texas Buckeye has been growing in Rochester since 1911. Aesculus carnea, Hayne RED HORSE-CHESTNUT (Hippocastanum x Pavia) Hayne in Guimpel, Otto & Hayne - Abbild. Fremd. Holzart. 1821 ee ee ee ee ES EE ee ee Se Bean 1,188 (1950); Sheat 36 (1948) Though not a long-lived tree, its striking beauty in flower recommends this hybrid of the Conm- mon Horse-Chestnut from the Balkan Peninsula and the Red Buckeye of our southern states. As Sheat re- cords, it is a stable hybrid reproducing itdelf well by seed. Most of the park plantings are derived from an East Avenue tree from seed sown in 1916. In a normal fall season the foliage turns a pleasing golden-yellow through the middle of October. Aesculus carnea f. Brioti, (Carr.) Rehd. RUBY HORSE-CHESTNUT (Hippocastanum x Pavia) Rehder - Bibliog. of Cult. Trees & Shrubs. 1949 mee a a ee ee a OE ee EE EE Se ee ee ee ee Bean 1,188 (1950); Wyman 124 (1951) According to its history as given by Bean, this clone of greatest brilliance in flower came from seed at Trianon in 1858. It is a vigorous plant with larger leaves and flower panicles well worth the necessary trouble of grafting it on Common Horse-Chestnut stock to perpetuate it. Our trees are presumably from the Ellwanger and Barry nursery which had at one time a varied collection of Aescu- lus varieties. 276 Pe Y POO eck Vol. h, no. Aesculus discolor, Pursh var. mollis, (Raf.) Sarg. SCARLET BUCKEYE S'U., Ss Sargent - Trees and Shrubs II. 1913 we ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Bean I,186 (1950); Blackburn 85 (1952) Brought north from Georgia, Alabama or the lower Mississippi valley, Scarlet Buckeye makes a small tree, probably never much over 20 feet, of elegant habit, often distinctly vase-shaped with a flat top. It has other distinctions: dark red flowers, leaves conspicuously white downy beneath and seeds much lighter in colot than other buckeyes. It holds its leaves well into autumn with very little change of color. Our Scarlet Buckeyes were received as plants from the Arnold Arboretum in 1915. Aesculus glabra, Willd. OHIO BUCKEYE ec U. S. Willdenow — Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1809 ee eee eee SS ee ee ee ee Werthner 324 (1935); Wyman 125 (1951) A native Ohioan, William B. Werthner, has char- acterized the Ohio Buckeye as singularly graceless in habit, with bark of a disagreeable odor and with fruit poisonous to cattle, and of little economic use. But he does point out its especial ornamental value in the spring when the unfolding leaves burst out of rose-tinted sheaths. Full foliage is reached early before many trees have come into leaf. Indi- vidual trees vary but some have been noted here as holding partly green leaves until the middle of Oct- ober when others were completely bare. A part of our many Ohio Buckeyes represent a collection of seed by R. E. Horsey at Columbus, Ohio in 1914. Aesculus glabra var. leucodermis, Sarg. WHITEBARK BUCKEYE Mo., Ark. Sargent - Trees and Shrubs II. 1913 a a a a ee a ee Kriissmann 41 (1951); Pourtet 517 (1949) As grown here, the young wood is not as light- barked as the name implies. The trunk bark quickly grows to considerable thickness and is dark with deep fissures to whitish inner bark producing a dis- tinctive striped effect. A white tomentum on the 1953 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis O77 undersides of the leaves is pronounced. By the mid- dle of October the leaves are mostly yellowed and fallen. Our plants are from the Arnold Arboretum and one represents a collection by E. J. Palmer at Eureka Springs, Arkansas in 1913. Aesculus glabra var. Sargentii, Rehd. SARGENT BUCKEYE Iowa, Kan., Mo. Rehder in Jour. Arn. Arb. 1926 Bean in Chittenden 1,59 (1951) Rehder seems to have given Sargent Buckeye the incorrect habit designation of a shrub in his Man- ual. Bean follows by ca}lling it shrubby. So far as can be observed here and in the Arnold Arboretum it is tree-like in habit to 25 or more feet high. The Gray's Manual, 8th ed., classification of small tree or large shrub seems more accurate. Sargent never writes of this variety as differing in growth habit from the type, and he made a var. monticola for the shrubby form. Sargent Buckeye varies in having, fre- quently, two more leaflets and a heavier pubescence on branchlets and leaves. Our plants have a con- spicuous rufous pubescence on the leaf petioles. The foliage drops early in the fall. Aesculus Hippocastanun, L. COMMON HORSE-CHESTNUT Balkan Pen. | sesapen - Sp. Pl. 1753 eee Bean 1,190 (1950); Turrill 138 (1929) Knowledge of the origin of this tree did not ac- company its introduction into horticultural use in 1576. Over 250 years later it was discovered that the widely distributed Horse-Chestnut was one of the interesting relict species native to restricted areas in the Balkans. Except for an unfortunate leaf blotch disease, the Horse-Chestnut is still an im- portant ornamental flowering tree. Some trees in —. Park gave a good yellow foliage effect last October. 278 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. Aesculus Hippocastanum f. Baumanni, Schneid. BAUMANN HORSE-CHESTNUT Schneider - Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1909 Pourtet 516 (1949); Wyman 125 (1951) In many situations, as public parks where fruit- ing is undesirable, the double-flowering Baumann Horse-Chestnut is preferable to plant. Its flowers are of good substance and last longer than those of the typical tree. Our trees are equally floriferous and the flower effect is most stately. There is no record of the source of our two old specimen trees. Aesculus Hippocastanum f. umbraculifera, (Jag.) UMBRELLA HORSE-CHESTNUT Schelle Schelle in Beissner et al. - Handb. Laubh.-Ben. 1903 Bean I,191 (1950); Kriissmann 41 (1951) Undoubtedly as a younger tree it had more defin- ite form, or if it were grown in a less crowded sit- uation our one old Umbrella Horse-Chestnut would be more convincing. Krussmann gives a thick and spher- ical crown as characteristic, while Bean describes it as with a low, dense rounded head of branches. It will be necessary to start some new plants to be certain that we have good material of this form; its source is not known. Aesculus hybrida, DC LYON BUCKEYE (octandra x Pavia) De Candolle - Cat. Hort. Monsp. 1813 Kriissmann 41 (1951); Pourtet 519 (1949) Many forms of this hybrid have been recorded. The one known as Lyoni was in the Ellwanger and Barry collection; one of our plants came here from the Arnold Arboretum in 1915. The flowers of Lyon Buck- eye are an intermediate orange red, but various color combinations from the Yellow (or Sweet) Buckeye and Red Buckeye have been noted. A striking rufous pu- bescence along the midrib of the leaves is an inher- itance from A, octandra. In habit our 25 foot trees are upright and densely branching. Leaves yellow and fall by the middle of October. 1953 Harlmess, Hortus durobrivensis 279 Aesculus mississippiensis, Sarg. MISSISSIPPI BUCKEYE (glabra x Pavia) Sargent in Jour. Arn. Arb. 1920 Kriissmann 41 (1951) Representing this hybrid, we have a plant re- ceived from the Arnold Arboretum in 1922. Another tree is recorded as from Harbison's #1061A, which with #1061 are the type collections made in Brook- ville, Mississippi in 1913. These two trees of small statue (18') have some redness along the veins and midribs in the autumnal coloring of their leaves. Their fruits are small as compared with Ohio Buckeye. Another more vigorous (28!) seedling of Harbison's #1061A without redness on the leaves evidently is closer to the glabra ancestry. Aesculus neglecta, Lindl. var. pubescens, (Sarg.) Sargent ETOWAH BUCKEYE seni Sargent in Jour. Arn. Arb. 1924 Blackburn 85 (1952) Older plants of Etowah Buckeye in Highland Park have become excellent trees; one is 36 feet high. The Arnold Arboretum and the Ellwanger and Barry nursery are the known sources of our trees, those from the latter source being yellow-flowered. Sar- gent wrote here that the Arnold Arboretum plants from the Stone Mountain, Georgia collection made by Harbison were all red-flowered. Leaves fall early from this variety, the trees being bare early in October. Aesculus neglecta var. tomentosa, Sarg. OCONEE BUCKEYE S. Carolina Sargent in Jour. Arn. Arb. 1924 Blackburn 85 (1952) In the nursery catalogs of Ellwanger and Barry this plant was listed as A, rubra carnea superba. Another plant known in horticulture as Michauxi is now considered synonymous. Mr. Horsey noted of the latter at Highland Park that, though the leaves were the same, it appeared slower growing and dwarfer in 280 PiLEYe TOO Sirk Vol. 4, no. habit. Our best tree of Oconee Buckeye is only 18 feet high. In addition to its slow-growing habit, the felty, grayish undersurface of the leaves and its red flowers distinguish it. A few handsome golden brown, pink-veined leaves were hanging on one tree last October fifteenth, but most plants were bare of leaves. Aesculus octandra, Marsh. SWEET BUCKEYE emo. Marshall - Arbust. Am. 1785 Peattie 479 (1950); Wyman 125 (1951) Highland Park has a tree of Sweet Buckeye which is over 50 feet in height. Its recorded heights of ninety feet make this the largest tree of the native Buckeyes, and its value as a large specimen tree is thereby indicated. Good golden brown autum foliage with some reddish tinting was noted last year in the middle of October. Aesculus octandra f. vestita, (Sarg.) Fern. KENTUCKY SWEET BUCKEYE Ohio valley, w Kentucky Fernald in Rhodora. 1937 Blackburn 85 (1952) A good number of trees of this variety are grow- ing in Highland Park, some from the wild and others from European and American cultivation. Though Fern- ald in Gray's Manual of Botany,8th ed., speaks of this forma as rare, Horsey found it to be common in the Ohio valley and in the western Kentucky uplands. When Sargent first separated this plant he selected the Pikeville, Kentucky specimen of R. E. Horsey for the type specimen. Hence, if a geographical name is to be associated with this plant, it should be Ken- tucky rather than Carolina. R. E. Horsey collected seed at Portsmouth, Ohio in September, 1915 from which a tree grown in Highland Park now stands just under 30 feet in height. Autumn leaf fall varies with some trees holding their leaves until the mid- dle of October. 1953 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis 281 Aesculus parviflora, Walt. BOTTLEBRUSH BUCKEYE se U.S. Walter - Fl. Carol. 1786 Bean I,193 (1950); van Melle 185 (1943) Long valued for its July flowering, Bottlebrush Buckeye by suckering grows into large clumps. It is most impressive when there is opportunity for mass effects to be viewed over a sweep of lawn, which is descriptive of an era of landscapes now past for private homes. In parks and other large-scale plantings it should be introduced more frequently. Aesculus parviflora f. serotina, Rehd. LATE BOTTLEBRUSH BUCKEYE Alabama Rehder in Jour. Arn. Arb. 1928 Blackburn 84 (1952) About August tenth, at least two weeks later than the Bottlebrush Buckeye in Highland Park, comes the flower display in Durand-EKastman Park of this form. Their longer flower stalks had been noted be- fore, but it was not until recently that their later flowering was found to check with Rehderts published forma. It is not known when or how these plants were acquired, but if must have been soon after their first introduction to cultivation in 1919. Aesculus Pavia, L. RED BUCKEYE se U.S. Linnaeus - Sp. Pl. 1753 Bean I,194 (1950); Pourtet 518 (1949) Sargent wrote here that he was unable to estab-— lish Red Buckeye at the Arnold Arboretum; Bean men- tions it as a rarity in English gardens; Pourtet, however, calls it perfectly hardy at Barres. Be- cause of its propensity to hybridize with other species, it seems possible that it may not always be represented by the true species, which may well be rather tender. The most acceptable planting here is a clump of several stems thinly branched reaching 18 feet in height but scarcely ornamental. Other more tree-like plants labelled for Red Buckeye are of doubtful identity. 282 Pay Me mo ere Vol. h, no. Aesculus plantierensis, André DAMASK HORSE-CHESTNUT (x carnea x Hippocastanum) André in Rev. Hort. 1894 a a a ee eS ee Bean 1,194 (1950); Mottet 110 (1924) It seems necessary to differ from Rehder in the separation of Damask Horse-Chestnut from the x carnea group. It is now well established by chromosome count that it is the result of a back cross of the x carnea with Hippocastanum, the latter being the seed parent. Though this back cross supposedly brought sterility, one of our trees was fruiting sparsely in 1952. Because of its softer pink flower color and longer life as a healthy tree it may well be recommended as better than the Red Horse-Chestnut. Aesculus splendens, Sarg. FLAME BUCKEYE S. Deis Sargent in Trees and Shrubs II. 1913 Bean I,195 (1950); Blackburn 85 (1952) From the 1915-16 distribution of plants by the Arnold Arboretum, one plant of the Flame Buckeye of wet calcareous soils in Alabama and neighboring states has survived in Highland Park. It is now a large shrub, 16 feet high. This is an indication that it is as hardy as the rest of the southern buck- eyes, a point on which Rehder was uncertain. It does have a brightness to its red flowers which merits the praise given it by Sargent. There is only a slight yellowing of the leaves before they begin to fall in mid-October. Aesculus turbinata, Blume JAPANESE HORSE-CHESTNUT Japan Blume - Rumphia. 1837 a a ee Blackburn 84 (1952); Pourtet 516 (1949) As an ornamental tree, the Japanese Horse-Chest- nut extends the flowering time by one week beyond that of Common Horse-Chestnut and bears a somewhat larger leaf. Some yellowing of the leaves takes | place before they fall off in late October. Plants were received at Highland Park in 1907 from the Ellwanger and Barry nursery. 1953 Harkness, Ilortus durobrivensis 283 Aesculus woerlitzensis, Koehne WOERLITZ BUCKEYE Origin unknown. Koehne in Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg. Veg. 1912 Blackburn 87 (1952); Kriissmann 42 (1951) Woerlitz Buckeye is a tree out of European nur- series for which no counterpart has been reported as a native plant nor has an accepted hybridity been proposed. Rehder places it close to A, neglecta in relationship. Early importations made by the Ell- wanger and Barry nursery had the horticultural names of A, purpurea and A, rubra. Trees in Highland Park are now over 25 feet tall. Aesculus woerlitzensis var. Ellwangeri, Rehd. ELLWANGER BUCKEYE Origin unknown. Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1913 Blackburn 87 (1952) The variety honoring the Rochester nurseryman came to the Ellwanger and Barry nursery as A. atro- sanguinea and A, Whitleyi from European sources. It has darker red flowers and larger leaflets than the Woerlitz tree. Highland Park trees range around 25 feet in height. Their mid-October golden brown fol- iage has, in full sun, additional handsome red tints. AILANTHUS, Desfontaines in Hist. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris. 1786 SIMAROUBACEAE -- Quassia Family. Ailanthus altissima, (Mill.) Swingle TREE OF HEAVEN n China Swingle in Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 1916 Bean 1,197 (1950); Kriissmann 42 (1951) An ubiquitous urban tree, but in park plantings no weedier than many other trees. The large fruit clusters which may remain most of the winter have considerable ornamental value. Maturing fast, older trees in Highland Park of 50 and 40 foot heights have recently all died out and the tree, apparently, is not destined to attain old age in this area, 28), 1950 Lge 1940 1950 1943 1951 1942 1924 1950 1949 1948 1929 1943 1935 1913 1941 1949 1951 PoH VY ('TeOrLsonG yes Vol .: );smopee BIBLIOGRAPHY Bean, W. J. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, 7th ed. London. Blackburn, B. Trees and Shrubs in Eastern North America. New York. Chittenden, F. J., ed. Ornamental Flowering Trees and Shrubs. London. Chittenden, F. J., ed. Dictionary of Gardening. Oxford, Everett, T. H. Catalog of Hardy Trees and Shrubs. (Bot. Gard.) New York. Kriissmann, G. Die Laubgehélze. Berlin. Li, H. The Araliaceae of China. Jamaica Plain. Mottet, S. Arbres et Arbustes dtOrnament de Pleine Terre. Paris. Peattie, D. C. A Natural History of Trees of Eastern and Central North America. Boston. Pourtet, J. Catalogue des Espéces Cultivées dans l'Arboretum des Barres. Paris. Sheat, W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. London, Turrill, W. B. The Plant-Life of the Balkan Peninsula. Oxford. van Melle, P. J. Shrubs and Trees for the Small Place. New York. Werthner, W. B. Some American Trees. New York. Wilson, E. H. A Naturalist in Western China. London. Woeikoff, A. D. What Can Manchurian Flora.. Give to Gardens... Harbin. Wyman, D. Shrubs and Vines for American Gardens. New York. Wyman, D. Trees for American Gardens. New York. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. XVI Harold N. Moldenke BRASSICA OLERACEA var. CAPITATA f. RUBRA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica varietatis foliis rubro—purpureis recedit, This form differs from the typical form of the variety in its red-purple foliage. The type of the form was collected by H. N. Moldenke (no. 3358) from cultivated material at Watchung, Somerset County, New Jersey, on August 1, 1927, and is deposited in the Britton Her- barium at the New York Botanical Garden, BUDDLEJA LONICEROIDES (Moldenke) Moldenke, comb. nov. Clerodendrum loniceroides Moldenke, Lloydia 13: 208. 1950. CALLICARPA BORNEENSIS Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis crassis perconspicue tetragonis profunde sulca- tis plusminusve tomentosis; foliis amplissimis sessilibus sub- amplexicaulibus obovatis tenuiter chartaceis utrinque griseo- viridibus acuminatis utrinque plusminusve dense stellato—pubes-— centibus vel tomentellis glanduloso-denticulatis; inflorescen- tiis axillaribus caulifloris fascciulato-cymosis ubique dense sordido-pubescentibus vel tomentellis. Woody plant; stems coarse, very conspicuously tetragonal with rounded angles, very deeply sulcate between the angles, more or less tomentose with brovmish branched hairs, more densely so at the nodes; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 6—9 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite, very large, sessile, somewhat amplexicaul at the base, obovate, thin-chartaceous, gray-green on both surfaces, )7--50 cm. long, 9-—-15.5 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, more or less densely stellate-pubescent or tomen- tellous on both surfaces, less so in age above, much more densely so along the midrib on both surfaces, often densely villous a- long the midrib above, abundantly glandular-denticulate along the margins; midrib very stout, flat above, very prominent be- neath; secondaries slender, about 15 per side, divergent- ascending, arcuately anastomosing at the margins, flat above, prominent beneath; tertiaries numerous, regular, subparallel, at right angles to the secondaries, obscure above, prominent be- neath; veinlet reticulation abundant, obscure above, prominulous beneath; inflorescence axillary, cauliflorous, fasciculate- cymose, densely sordid-pubescent or tomentellous throughout; pe- duncles, inflorescence-branches, and pedicels very slender, the pedicels much elongated, 7--15 mm. long; calyx campanulate, can- escent-puberulent throughout, with a few larger branched hairs near the apex, about 2 mm. long and wide, its rim minutely 5- toothed; corolla and stamens not well enough developed for des- 285 286 PHYTOLOGIS Vol. hy mow cription; pistil apparently one; style terminal; stigma capitate. The type of this very distinct species was collected by F. H. Endert (no. 3723) at W. Koetai, in central east Borneo, at an altitude of 1100 meters, on September 29, 1925, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. Unfortunately the in- florescences are so badly infested with fungus and the flowers so very young that one cannot be sure of the floral characters. Mr. JOseph V. Monachino, however, agrees with me that the plant is probably verbenaceous, and, if so, probably a Callicarpa. It was sent to me by the curators of the Buitenzorg herbarium as verbenaceous. CLERODENDRUM CARYOPTEROIDES Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis ramulisque gracillimis, sarmentis dense puber- ulis; foliis oppositis; petiolis gracillimis dense puberulis; laminis submembranaceis ovatis longiuscule acuminatis serratis, ad basin acutis vel subtruncatis, supra leviter puberulis, sub- tus dense puberulis; inflorescentiis terminalibus cymosis abbre- viatis, cymis dense multifloris. Shrub; branches and branchlets very slender, the younger parts densely puberulent; twigs very slender, densely puberulent; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 0.8—-3.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles very slender, )—15 m, long, densely puberulent; leaf=blades submembranous, dark-green above, lighter beneath, ovate, 3--5 cm. long, 1.5--2.5 cm. wide, rather long-acuminate at the apex, acute or subtruncate at the base, serrate from about the widest point to below the apex, finely puberulent above, densely puberulent beneath; midrib fil- iform, flat above, prominulous beneath; secondaries filiform, or 6 per side, ascending, hardly arcuate, ending in teeth, flat above, slightly prominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation indis- cernible; inflorescence terminal, cymose, much abbreviated, the cymes densely many-flowered, about 1 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide; calyx campanulate, its tube about 2 mm. long, its 5 lobes very long, 3-- mm. long, long-attenuate-ovate, finely puberulent outside; corolla mauve, tubular, its tube broad, 3.5—l mm. long, densely white-villous at the mouth, the limb somewhat 2- lipped, the lobes short, 1--1.5 mm. long, broadly ovate, acute at the apex; stamens inserted near the apex of the corolla-tube, included by the limb; style terminal, 5 mm. long, glabrous; o- vary subrotund, 1 mm. long and wide, glabrous. The type of this species was collected by A. Pételot (no. 4345) on the plain of Jarres, at about 1100 meters altitude, in the province of Xieng Khouang, Laos, Indochina, in May, 1931, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botan- ical Garden. The plant bears great similarities to the genus Caryopteris and may eventually prove to be a species of that genus. CALLICARPA VANSTEENISI Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis virgatis perobtuse tetragonis leviter obscure- 1953 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 287 que puberulis; foliis decussatis; petiolis gracilibus minute puberulis; laminis chartaceis vel submembranis fragilibus ellip-— ticis acuminatis, ad basin acutis vel acuminatis, adpresso- serratis, utrinque levissime obscureque puberulo-strigillosis; inflorescentiis cymosis axillaribus densiuscule multifloris. Shrub; branches apparently virgate, very obtusely tetragonal, very finely and obscurely puberulous; nodes annulate; principal internodes 2.2--12.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petio- les slender, 1—2 cm. long, minutely puberulent; blades thin- chartaceous or submembranous, fragile, dark-green above, lighter beneath, elliptic, 7--13 cm. long, 2.5--5 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, acute or acuminate at tiie base, anpressed-serrate a- long the margins from near the base to the apex, very lightly and obscurely puberulous-strigillose on both surfaces, especial- ly beneath; midrib slender, flat above, prominulous beneath; secondaries very slender or filiform, about 8 per side, ascend- ing, only slightly arcuate, mostly obscure above, very slightly prominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation indiscernible above, rather conspicuous beneath; inflorescence cymose, axillary, mostly shorter than the subtending petioles, rather densely many-flowered; peduncles very short, filiform, puberulent; in- florescence-branches and pedicels filiform, puberulent, several ma. long; bractlets linear, about 1 m, long or less, puberulent; calyx campanulate, puberulent, its tube about 1.5 mm, long, the spreading, triangular-ovate lobes about 1 m. long, attenuate at the apex; corolla small, its tube equaling the calyx, its limb bilabiate, about mm, wide, densely puberulent outside; stamens exserted hae mm. from the corolla-mouth; fruiting-calyx hardly enlarged; fruit drupaceous, globose, about 3 mm. long and wide, glabrous, red. The type of this species was collected by Cornelis Gijsbert Gerrit Jan van Steenis (no. 6373) -- in whose honor it is named — at Boer in Poepandji, Atjeh, Sumatra, on May 3, 193, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. CLERODENDRUM DALEI Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex; ramis ramulisque gracilibus sparsissime puberulis glabrescentibus; foliis decussatis numerosis; petiolis gracili- bus minute pilosulis vel glabris nigrescentibus; laminis submem- branaceis ellipticis, ad basin et apicem longiter acuminatis, utrinque glabris; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel terminalibus subpaucifloris nigrescentibus. Shrub; branches and branchlets slender, light-gray, very sparsely puberulent, eventually glabrescent; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 0.9--5.3 cm. long; leaves decussate-oppo- site, numerous; petioles slender, 7--10 mm. long, minutely scattered-pilosulous or glabrous, nigrescent in drying; blades submembranous, elliptic, dark and nigrescent above in drying, much lighter beneath, 7--1l cm. long, 2—); cm. wide, long- acuminate at both ends, entire, glabrous on both surfaces; mid- rib very slender, flat above, prominulous beneath; secondaries filiform, --6 per side, arcuate-ascending, flat and often ob- 288 PH YT ODocrs Vol. h, no. 4 scure above, only very slightly subprominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation rather sparse, indiscernible above, flat beneath; inflorescence axillary and fasciculate or terminating much abbre- viated axillary twigs, rather few-flowered, nigrescent in drying; peduncle and its branches more or less pubescent, densely so toward the base; pedicels filiform, 1--2 mm. long, glabrous, nigrescent; bractlets linear, about 1 mn. long, nigrescent; calyx campanulate, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, its rim dis- tinctly 5-toothed, the teeth triangular-acute and about 1 m. long; mature corolla not seen. The type of this species was collected by I. R. Dale (no. 3811) -- in whose honor it is named -- near Marjoreni, S. Digo, Kenya, in September, 1937, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de 1'Etat at Brussels. CLERODENDRUM DEWITTEI Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex volubilis; ramis gracilibus griseis glabris; ramulis gracillimis brunneis glabris; foliis decussatis oppositis vel subopposito-approximatis; laminis membranaceis brunnescentibus elliptico-lanceolatis acuminatis integris, ad basin rotundatis, utrinque glabris nitidisque; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel supra-axillaribus dense multifloris umbellatis vel capitatis. Woody vine; branches slender, light grayish, glabrous; branchlets very slender, brownish, glabrous; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 2.5--6.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-oppo- site or subopposite-approximate, apparently confined to the young branchlets, borne on conspicuously elevated corky sterig- mata; petioles slender, 5--3 mm. long, short—pubescent in lines on the flattened upper surface, otherwise glabrous; leaf-blades membranous, dark-green on both surfaces, brunnescent in drying, hardly lighter beneath, elliptic-lanceolate, 5--9 cm. long, 2.1- 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, entire, rounded at the base, glabrous and shiny on both surfaces; midrib very slender, flat above, prominulous beneath; secondaries filiform, 5 or 6 per side, arcuate-ascending, irregular, flattened or microscop- ically prominulius above, prominulous beneath, not conspicuously anastomosing; veinlet reticulation very abundant and fine, con- spicuous but hardly prominulous on both surfaces; inflorescence on the leafless branches, on short supra-axillary or axillary twig-like peduncles 3—-l; cm. long, bearing several linear bract- lets, especially toward the base, glabrate or minutely and sparsely puberulous, densely many-flowered, umbelliform or capi- tate; pedicels filiform, 1--3 mm. long, glabrate or minutely puberulous; bractlets numerous, linear, 2--3 mm. long, often light-colored; calyx campanulate, about 7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, glabrous, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes ovate, about 2 m. long, apiculate; corolla hypocrateriform, its tube very slender, about 18 mm. long, glabrous, its limb about 1 cm. wide; stamens exserted about 15 mm. from the corolla-mouth. The type of this species was collected by G. F. de Witte (no. 291) at Lukulu, Katanga, Belgian Congo, between April 30 and May 1953 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 289 3, 1931, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botan- ique de 1'Etat at Brussels. CLERODENDRUM LAEVIFOLIUM var. FLETCH2RI Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit laminis foliorum sinuato-dentatis et calicibus sub anthesi profunde 5-fissis --11 mm. longis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having sinuate-dentate leaf-blades and deeply 5-fid calyxes which are )—-11 mm. long during anthesis. The type of the variety was collected by H. B. G. Garrett (no. 899) in waste ground at the Forestry Department, Chiengmai, Thailand, on November 26, 193, and is deposited in the herbar- ium of the Royal Forestry Department at Bangkok, CLERODENDRUM SESSILIFOLIUM Moldenke, sp. nov. Subfrutex; ramis paucis gracilibus subtetragonis sulcatis levissime puberulis; foliis sessilibus firme chartaceis vel sub- coriaceis ellipticis acutis, as basin acutis vel acuminatis, argute serratis, supra subglabratis nitidisque, subtus glabres- centibus dense impresso=punctatis; inflorescentiis terminalibus subspicatis vel racemiformibus paucifloris. Woody subshrub; stems apparently few, 45 cm. tall, branched, issuing from a hard, knobby base, slender, finely puberulent throughout with microscopic hairs, subtetragonal, sulcate; principal internodes )—9 cm. long; nodes not annulate; leaves sessile or practically so, firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, elliptic, h—6.5 cm. long, 2--3.5 cm. wide, acute at the apex, acute or acuminate at the base, sharply serrate from below the middle to the apex with rather appressed teeth, subglabrate and shiny above, glabrescent beneath and densely impressed-punctate; midrib slender, very slightly prominulous above and beneath; secondaries very slender, ascending, regular, about 10 per side, rather sharply prominulous on both surfaces; veinlet reticula- tion abundant, prominulous and conspicuous on both surfaces; in- florescence apparently terminal, subspicate or racemiform, app- arently few-flowered; calyx campanulate, 6—-7 mm. long and wide, densely puberulent; corolla hypocrateriform, the tube slender, about 1) mm. long, glabrous or microscopically pilosulous on the outside, its limb about 10 mm. wide, the lobes reflexed; stamens exserted 10--1l1 mm. from the corolla-mouth; pistil exserted a- bout 15 mm. from the corolla-mouth; stigma bifid, one branch a- bout 1 mm. long, the other weak and only 0.5 mm. long. The type of this species was collected by Ad. Hock at Nikondama, Belgian Congo, in October, 1911, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de 1'Etat at Brussels. The plant has much of the aspect of a member of the Lamiaceae. CLERODENDRUM SPLENDENS var. LONGICUSPE Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietats a forma typica speciei recedit lobis calicis 7 mm. longis, ad basin angustatis, usque ad apicem longissime caudato-attenuatis. 290 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the calyx-lobes about 7 mm. long when mature, narrow at the base and very long caudate-attenuate to the apex. The type of this variety was collected by Hyacinth Vanderyst (no. 13894) at Kisandu, Belgian Congo, in November, 192), and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de l'Etat at Brussels. COSMOS BIPINNATUS f. PLENIFLORUS Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei floribus centralibus petal- oideis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its disk-florets modified into a crowded mass of petal- like structures the same color as the ray-florets. The type of the form was collected by H. N. Moldenke (no. 15921) from cultivated material at Watchung, Somerset County, New Jersey, on September 3, 1943, and is deposited in the her- barium of the Bailey Hortorium at Ithaca. ERIOCAULON SOUCHEREI Moldenke, sp. nov. Herba acaulescens; foliis rosulatis membranaceis rectis vel patentibus graminoideis acutis saepe subulatis obscure fenestra- tis utrinque glabris vel subglabris; vaginis anguste cylindricis valde adpressis subcontortis glabris oblique fissis; scapis numerosis gracillimis vel filiformibus stramineis rectis 2-cos- tatis glabris; capitulis conicis griseis mm. longis 2 m. lat. Acaulescent herb; leaves rosulate, membranous, erect or the outermost spreading, bright-green, broadly linear or grass-lixe, 1--3 cm. long, 0.5--2 mm. wide, acute at the apex and often subulate-tipped, very obscurely fenestrate, glabrous or subglab- rous on both surfaces, numerous; sheaths narrowly cylindric, closely appressed to the scapes, 2—), cm. long, equaling or sur- passing the leaves, slightly twisted, glabrous, obliquely split at the apex, its limb ovate, erect, appressed, not swollen, rather attenuate-acute; scapes mostly numerous, very slender or filiform, stramineous, erect, 6--2) cm. long, 2-costate, glab- rous; heads conic, grayish, about 2 mm. wide and to ) mm, long, sharply acute when young; involucral bractlets obovate, gray, about 2.7 mm. long and 0.9 mm. wide, abruptly long-caudate- acuminate at the apex, conspicuously concave on the inner sur— face, glabrous; receptacle very densely long-pilose with white hairs; staminate florets: sepals 3, hyaline, about 1.8 mm, long, obovate, connate at the base, obtuse at the apex, glabrous; petals united into a slender white tube for about 1 6 mm.; sta- mens 6; filaments about 0.3 mm. long; anthers about 0.2 m. long; pistillate florets: sepals 3, separate, hyaline, narrowly oblong-elliptic, about 1.2 mm. long and 0.15 mm. wide; petals apparently absent; style white, filiform, about 0.6 mn. long, glabrous; stigma-branches 3, filiform, about 0.75 mm. long; o- vary 3-celled, 3-lobed, 3-sulcate, 3-ovulate, white, glabrous, about 0.45 mm. long and wide. 1953 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 291 The type of this very distinctive species was collected by Pierre Bertin Riviere de la Souchére (no. 3) -- in whose honor it is named -- in the marsh of Boun ko M'leo, on basalt rock at about 50 meters altitude, in the neighborhood of Ban mi Thuot, province of Darlac, Annam, French Indochina, in November, 1951, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botan- ical Garden. ERYTHRONIUM AMERICANUM f. OSWALDI Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum immacula- tis recedit. : This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades completely unspotted at all stages of growth and at all seasons. The type of the form was collected by Fred W. Oswald -—- in whose honor it is named -— in woodland under sweet gum and sugar maple trees 0.2 mile north of Route ) and 0.2 mile east of For- est Avenue, Paramus, Bergen County, New Jersey, on April 20, 292 P it ¥P-.0.4,0-6,5,4 Vol. h, no. 4 1953, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden, under the distribution number of H. N. Molden- ke 21370. LIPPIA AMERICANA f. HYPTOIDES (Benth.) Moldenke, stat. nov. Lippia hyptoides Benth., Pl. Hartw. 122, 183. LIPPIA AMERICANA f. PILOSA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei ramulis juvenilibus valde longiter pilosis, pilis adpressis, recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its young branches conspicuously long-pilose, the hairs mostly appressed. The type of the form was collected by E. P. Killip, A. Dugand and R. Jaramillo (no. 3833) in a deep wooded canyon, at an al- titude of 380 to 600 meters, at Quebrada Cabafia, Hacienda El Cucharo, between Tocaima and Pubenza, Cundinamarca, Colombia, on May 8, 194, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. LIPPIA PRAECOX Mildbr., n. sp. Herba perennis; ramulis numerosis gracilibus brevibus 1—) cm. longis simplicibus dense albo-hirsutis; foliis decussatis subsessilibus vel breviter alato-petiolatis oblongo-ovatis utrinque dense albo-hirsutulis obtusis vel rotundatis saepe obscure 3-denticulatis, usque ad basin angustatis; inflorescen- tiis axillaribus capitatis dense albo-hirsutulis. Perennial herb growing from a large woody underground stem often 1.5--2.5 cm. thick and cm. long, apparently burned off periodically; above-ground stems several or numerous, apparently slender and short, 1--l: cm. long, simple, densely white-hirsute; principal internodes 5—10 mm, long; leaves decussate-opposite, subsessile or with carinate-winged very short petioles, oblong- ovate, 5-—-7 mm. long, —5 mm. wide, densely white-hirsutulous on both surfaces, obtuse or rounded at the apex, narrowed into the petiole at the base, often obscurely 3-denticulate near the apex; inflorescence axillary, capitate, decussate-opposite; pe- duncles filiform, 1—1.5 cm. long, densely white-hirsutulous; heads many-flowered, hemispheric; bractlets broadly ovate, about 3 mm. long and wide, acuminate at the apex, rounded or subtrun- cate at the base, densely whitish-hirsutulous or short-pubescent on the back, ciliate-margined; corolla hypocrateriform, 3.5— mm. long, the tube very narrow, the limb about 1.5 mm. wide. The type of this species was collected by A. Stolz (no. 2210) at Kyimbila, altitude 1350 meters, Nyasaland, in 1912, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stockholm. LYCIUM SUBGLABRUM (Moldenke) Moldenke, comb. nov. Citharexylum flexuosum var. subglabrum Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 37: 222--223. 193k. 1953 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 293 x POPULUS SCHREINERI Moldenke, nom. nov. Populus trichocarpa Hook. x P. maximowiczii Henry ex Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees & Shrubs, ed. 2, 78. 190. x QUERCUS CAESARIENSIS Moldenke, hybr. nov. Arbor hybrida foliis Q. rubra L. [Q. falcata Michx.] et Q. ilicifolia Wang. intermediis. ——Yatural hybrid with foliar and other characters intermediate between those of Q. rubra L. and Q. ilicifolia Wang. The type of the hybrid was collected by H. N. Moldenke (no. 10581) in sandy woods at Forked River, Ocean County, New Jersey, on June 13, 1938, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. x QUERCUS PINETORUM Moldenke, hybr. nov. Arbor hybrida foliis Q. rubra L. [Q. falcata Michx.] et Q. velutina Lam. intermediis. ——Watural hybrid with foliar and other characters intermediate between those of Q. rubra L. and Q. velutina Lam. The type of the hybrid was collected by H. N. Moldenke (no. 04) in sandy soil along a roadside at Wildwood, Cape May County, New Jersey, on August 1, 1928, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. x RUBUS RYDBERGI Moldenke, hybr. nov. Planta hybrida caulibus foliisque inflorescentiisque R. ostry- ifolius Rydb. et R. nigrobaccus L. H. Bailey intermediis. Natural hybrid plants, with stem, leaf, and inflorescence characters intermediate between those of R. ostryifolius Rydb. and R. nigrobaccus L. H. Bailey. Ta The type of the hybrid was collected by H. N. Moldenke (no. 1269) in a thicket at Watchung, Somerset County, New Jersey, ©: on June 2, 1930, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden, VERBENA LOBATA var. SESSILIS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis sessilibus lamin- is 1—2 cm. longis 5--13 mm. latis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves sessile, with the blades 1—2 cm. long and 5-13 mm. wide. The type of the variety was collected by Gert Hatschbach (no. 276) at Varzea, S#o José dos Pinhaes, Paran4, Brazil, on Decem- ber | 61952, sod is deposited in the Britton tesa at the New York Botanical Garden. VITEX ORINOCENSIS var. GLABRA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis utrinque glaber- rimis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in 29h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. having its leaves completely glabrous on both surfaces. The type of the variety was collected by Elbert L. Little, Jr., and Ruby Rice Little (no. 8286) in a cleared river-bottom forest of the Rfo Méta, Puerto Lépez, Méta, Colombia, at an altitude of 20 meters, on July 28, 19), and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. VITEX VANSTEENISI Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor parva; ramulis gracilibus obtusissime tetragonis albo- lenticellatis dense brunneo=puberulis; foliis 1-foliolatis; petiolis densissime brunneo-puberulis articulatis; laminis chartaceis ellipticis vel elliptico-ovatis acutis vel acuminat- is integris, ad basin acutis vel brevissime acuminatis, supra dense puberulis, subtus dense breviterque pubescentibus, pilis brunneis velutinis; inflorescentiis abbreviatis axillaribus cymosis. Treelet; branchlets slender, very obtusely tetragonal, white- lenticellate, densely brown-puberulent; twigs similar but even more densely brown-puberulent; nodes annulate; principal inter- nodes 2.5—~l; cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite, 1-foliolate; petioles slender, 1--l; cm. long, very densely brown-puberulent, articulate at the apex; petiolule )--6 mm. long, densely brown- puberulent; leaf—blade chartaceous, grayish-green above, ellip-— tic or elliptic-ovate, 5.5--15 cm. long, 2.8—6.3 cm. wide, a- cute or acuminate at the apex, entire, acute or very shortly acuminate at the base, densely puberulent above, less conspicu- ously so in age, densely short-pubescent beneath with brown vel- utinous hairs; midrib slender, reddish, flat or very slightly subimpressed above, prominent beneath; secondaries slender, 7-- 10 per side, arcuate-ascending, reddish, anastomosing near the margins, flat above, prominulous beneath; inflorescence abbrev- iated, apparently axillary in the uppermost axils of the twigs, cymose, much shorter than the subtending leaves; peduncles slender, 1—-1.5 cm. long, very densely short-pubescent with dark-brown velutinous hairs; cymes 1--1.5 cm. long and wide, rather dense; bractlets linear, 1--2 mm, long, densely short- pubescent; calyx campanulate, its tube about 3 mn. long, very densely fulvous-pubescent, the lobes elongate, oblong, foliace=- ous, conspicuous, 2—-3 mm. long, acute; immature corolla short— exserted, yellow, its tube cylindric, about 8 mm. long, densely puberulent. The type of this species was collected by Cornelis Gijsbert Gerrit Jan van Steenis (no. 94,00) along a forest edge at 1300 to 1500 meters altitude, between Gadjah and Blana Kedjerren (Gajo 'Lands), northern Sumatra, on February 27, 1937, and is deposit- ed in the herbarium of the Botanisch iuseum at Utrecht. The spe- cies in its general habit reminds one greatly of V. erioclona H. J. Lam and V. longisepala King & Gamble. VITEX VONDROZENSIS Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor; ramulis gracillimis griseis densissime puberulis vel breviter pubescentibus; foliis 1-foliolatis; petiolis subfili- 1953 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 295 formibus articulatis dense brunneo-puberulis; laminis subcoria- ceis ellipticis longe acuminatis integris, ad basin attenuato- acutis, supra glabris, subtus leviter puberulis; inflorescentiis cymosis axillaribus plerumque trifloris. Tree, 5--6 m. tall; trunk about 8 cm. in diameter; branchlets and twigs very slender, grayish, very densely puberulent or short-pubescent when young, less so in age, very obtusely tet- ragonal; nodes annulate on older wood; principal internodes 1-- 5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite, 1-foliolate; petioles very slender or subfiliform, 5--8 mm. long, densely brown-puber- ulent or short-pubescent, articulate at the apex; petiolule ob- solete; blades subcoriaceous, uniformly gray-green on both sur- faces, elliptic, 2.5--5.5 cm. long, 0.8--2 cm. wide, long-acum- inate at the apex, entire, sometimes subrevolute in drying, attenuate-acute at the base, glabrous above, very finely puberu- lous beneath; midrib very slender, impressed above, sharply prominent beneath; secondaries filiform, few, or 5 per side, obscure or indiscernible above, very finely subprominulous be- neath, plainly arcuately joined several mm. from the margins in several loops; veinlet reticulation indiscernible on both sur- faces; inflorescence cymose, axillary, equaling or exceeding the subtending leaves; peduncles filiform, divergent, 1.5—2 cm. long, densely brown-puberulent or short-pubescent; cymes usually 3-flowered; pedicels filiform, 6--9 mm. long, densely brown- puberulent; bracts lanceolate, foliaceous, conspicuous, few, a- bout 1 cm. long and 2 m. wide, puberulent; calyx campanulate, its tube )--5 mm. long, densely puberulent outside, the five fol- iaceous ovate-lanceolate lobes 8--9 mm. long, long-attenuate to the apex, finely puberulous on the outside; corolla very zygo- morphic, red, the tube funnelform, sharply curvate, densely pub- erulent on the outside, about 3 mm. wide at the base and 7 m. wide at the apex, 2--2.5 cm. long, the lobes very small, about 3 mm. long, obtuse; stamens short-exserted; fruiting-calyx and fruit not seen. The type of this species was collected by Raymond Decary (no. 4888) at Vondrozo, near “arafangana, Madagascar, on Septem- ber h, 1926, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle at Paris. The collector records the common name "hazomamo", ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. X Harold N. Moldenke In addition to the abbreviations for the names of herbaria explained in previous installments of these notes, the following are herein employed: B = Botanisches Museum und Garten, Berlin; Hw = Howard University, Washington; Lm = Los Angeles County Mus- eum, Los Angeles; and Rs = Rancho Santa Ana, Anaheim, California. 296 PLAY (Reo MseOdG Iva Vol. h, no. SYNGONANTHUS Ruhl. The Pennell & Killip 5835 so identified and distributed, at least insofar as the New York Botanical Garden specimen is con= cerned, is not eriocaulaceous. It is also worthy of note that the illustration identified as Paepalanthus sp. in Massart et al., Mission Belge au Brésil 2: fig. 63 (1930) is actually a Syngonanthus. SYNGONANTHUS ACIPHYLLUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: L. Riedel s.n. [Macbride photos 29988] (N--photo of isotype). SYNGONANTHUS ACOPANENSIS Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Cardona 2280 (F-- photo of type, N--fragment of type, N--photo of type type, ~Si-—photo of type, W--1903L97--type, Z--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS AKURIMENSIS Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Lasser 1705 (N, N, W--1901897) . SYNGONANTHUS AKURIMENSIS var. AMAZONICUS Moldenke Citation: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Frées 22,33 (N--type). SYNGONANTHUS ALBOPULVINATUS Moldenke Citation: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Phelps, Hitchcock, & Budowski 3177) (N--type). SYNGONANTHUS ALLENI Moldenke Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: P. H. Allen 31L9 (F-- photo of type, N--fragment of type, N--photo of type, W—-1951957 --type, Z--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS ALLENI var. PARVUS Moldenke Besides the annotated specimens cited below, I am informed that specimens of the type collection have been deposited in the herbaria of the United States National Museum at Washington and of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 29238 (N--type, Ve--isotype). pi SYNGONANTHUS AMAZONICUS Moldenke Citation: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Murga Pires 727 (N--type). SYNGONANTHUS ANDROSACEUS (Griseb.) Ruhl. A synonym is Paepalanthus androsaceus var. flavescens Griseb., of which the type collection is C. Wright 3236. The Roig 1965, cited below, is not typical of the species. Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: C. F. Baker 2101 (S); Ekman 10792 (S), 11607 (S), 18135, in part + (Es); Leén, Mo. Mol- denke, Acufia, & . & Alain 23405, in part (N); Leén, Victorin, & 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 297 Alain 17796 (Ha); Moldenke & Molienke 19882 (B, Es, F, Fy, Hw, Lg, Lm, Mg, lr, N, N, No, Ot, Rs, S, Sm, Ss); Moldenke, Moldenke, Leén, Alain, & Acufla 15272 (Es); Roig 1965 (Es); C. Wright 3235 (S-—isotype), 3236 (Pa, S, se SYNGONANTHUS ANOMALUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. The species is said to be frequent on marshy banks along riv- ers, blooming in December. The stamens are said to be white. A synonym is Syngonanthus esmeraldae Ruhl., of which the type is Spruce 3259. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Frées 25389 (N); Luetzelburg 20763 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 7727] (Ja), 221h7 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 773k] (Ja); Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 3009 (N, N); Schultes & Lépez 9268 (N); Spruce 2039 [Macbride photos 22277, in part] (N--photo of isotype), 3259 [Macbride photos 22277, in part] (Br, N, N--photo). BRITISH GUIANA: Jenman 755 (W--200876, W--936271) . er ae SYNGONANTHUS ANOMALUS var. STOLONACEUS Herzog Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 23739 [Macbride photos 1870] (N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS ANTHEMIFLORUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Literature: Castellanos, Gen. Sp. Argent. Erioc. 93 (195). Illustrations: Castellanos, op. cit. pl. 19, as S. anthemidi- florus (195). 7 Specimens have been mis-identified as Eriocaulon viviparum Bong. and Paepalanthus anthemidiflorus Kunth. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: P. Clausen s.n. [Aug.-April, 180] (Br, Br), sen. [180] (S); Glaziou 15554 (Br), 19981 (Br); Martius 889 [Luschnath 3] (Br); L. Riedel s. n. [Serra da Lapa] (Br--isotype, N--photo of isotype, Z--photo of isotype); Weddell 1895 [40] (Br, N--photo, Z--photo). SYNGONANTHUS APPRESSUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: S&o Paulo: L. Riedel 2302 (M-- cotype, S--cotype); G. Gardner 5255 (N--cotype, N--photo of co- type, S--cotype, Z--photo of cotype). SYNGONANTHUS ARENARIUS (Gard.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 517 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 1230] (Vi). sad SYNGONANTHUS ARENARIUS var. HETEROPHYLLUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Synonyms are Syngonanthus heterophyllus (Ktrn.) Ruhl. and S. heterophylla (Ktrn.) Ruhl., ined., not S. heterophyllus Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Martius s.n. Lo Novas ad Chapada, Juni 1818; Macbride photos 187h1] (N-- photo). 298 PeboY/ TsO LO Golck Vol. h, no. SYNGONANTHUS ATROVIRENS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Synonyms: Syngonanthus atro-virens Ruhl. ex Alv. Silv., Fl. Montium 30, sphalm. 1928. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Burchell 37)8-2 (Br); Martius s.n. [Macbride photos 1872] (N--photo of t type). SYNGONANTHUS AURIFIBRATUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 582 (Herb. Marie-Victorin 1227] (N--photo of isotype, Vi--isotype) . SYNGONANTHUS BALDWINI Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: J. T. Baldwin 34.79 (N--type, S--isotype), 3546 (N). SYNGONANTHUS BARTLETTII Moldenke Original publication: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 335--336. 1938. Additional citations: BRITISH HONDURAS: He H. Bartlett 11263a (N); Usher 26 (I, N). SYNGONANTHUS BELLUS Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: ae Black 48-3280 (Be-- SYNGONANTHUS BIFORMIS (N. E. Br.) Gleason The species has been found on sandy flats bordering woods, a- long streams in rain forests, and common on moist mossy sandy banks along rocks, at altitudes of 150 to 1220 meters. The flowers are described as white, blooming in March, September, October, and November. It has been widely confused with S. erdetiis (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Additional specimens of Maguire & - Politi 27342 are said to be deposited in the herbaria at the United States National Museum, Chicago Natural History Museum, and Roy- al Botanic Gardens at Kew. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Cuatrecasas 6975 (N, N), 7158a (N, W--177)225). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: peeees , Cowan, & Wurdack 29518 (N, Ve); Maguire & Politi 2732 ( —oC Steyer- mark 5700\a (N), 581.68 (N, S). Bolfvar: Cardona 2 (Herb. Nac. Venez. 10466] (Ve); G. G. Simpson 27 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 1887] (Ve), 31 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 1888] (Ve); Steyermark 59196 (N, S), 59305 (N), 6048) (N, S). Sucre: Steyermark 62719 (N, S). BRITISH GUIANA: Forest Dept. Br. Guian. WB. 161 (N). SURINAM: Maguire 2728 (N). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 20800 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 7715] (Ja), 20875 (Ja), 21991 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 7672] (Ja). Mattogrosso: (0: Rondon 1629 [Herb. ius. Nac. Rio 4.7662] (Ja). SYNGONANTHUS BISULCATUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Material of this species has been mis-identified in herbaria as Paepalanthus elegans Mart. and Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Bass eer Tk See =) ieee ai 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 299 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Glaziou 20010 [Macbride photos 22279] (C, N--photo), 2001) (C); Mendes Wagal- haes 4335 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 45166] (N). SYNGONANTHUS BISUMBELLATUS (Steud.) Ruhl. The specimen cited below was originally distributed as f. elatus Herzog. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Luetzelburg 11 (N). SYNGONANTHUS BISUMBELLATUS f. ELATUS Herzog This trinomial occurs mis-spelled "S. biumbellatus f. elata". Luetzelburg, in his Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: pp. 1h9 & 151 (1923), writes the name "S. bisumbellatus f. elata" and re- cords the form from Alto Rio Preto in northeastern nm Bahia, where he says it is typical of the carrasco and frequent in the brejo formations. SYNGONANTHUS BLACKII Moldenke Citations: BRAZIL: ParA4: Black )7-1839 (N--type). SYNGONANTHUS BULBIFER (Huber) Ruhl. The specimen cited by Silveira from "Marac4" is from Marac4 Island in the atate of Par4, Brazil. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Par&: Guedes 601 [Macbride photos 10676] (N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS CAESPITOSUS (Wikstr.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: Freyreiss 8 (N, N--photo, S, Z--photo). SYNGONANTHUS CANALICULATUS Alv. Silv. Some material of this species has been confused in herbaria with S. laricifolius (Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 949k [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 2811] (N); Silveira 575 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 1231] (Vi--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS CANDIDUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mendes Magalh&es 2123 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 2637] (N).” © SYNGONANTHUS CAPILLACEUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: J. E. Oliveira 143 (Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 33787 & 33788] (N, N). SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS (Poir.) Ruhl. Additional synonyms: Carphocephalus caulescens Kunth ex V, A. Pouls., Vidensk. Meddel. Kjgbenhavn 1888: 359. 1888; Syngonanth- us caulescens var. humilis Kunth, in herb. Literature: Morong, Paraguay 250, as Dupatya caulescens (Poir.) Kuntze. 1892; Plantae Hasslordande ll: 256. 1903; Malme, 300 Pony THOM OG: Tek Vol. 4, no. Phanerogamen 3: 10. 1933; Castellanos, Gen. Sp. Pl. Argent. Eri- ocaul. 95, pl. 20. 1945; Abiatti, Eriocaulaceas 332. 196. This species is very widely distributed from Mexico [Vera- cruz] through Costa Rica, Colombia [Cundinamarca, Méta, Norte de Santander, & Vaupés], Venezuela [Amazonas, Anzoategui, Bolivar, & Carabobo], British Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana to Peru [San Martin}, Brazil [Amap4, Amazonas, Bahia, Goyaz, Mattogrosso, Minas Geraes, Paran4, Pernambuco, Piauhy, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do sul, & S80. Paulo], Bolivia [Santa Cruz], Paraguay, and Argentina [Corrientes & Misiones]. It has been collected in forests, mountain forests, bogs, shaded and open swamps, swampy places, damp campos, woody campos, very wet places in campos, moist depressions in llanos, stagnant river valleys, and very wet soil below springs, at the margins of pools, and on igneous outcrops in open savannas, It is often found on firm soil, although it is really an aquatic plant. It is said to be common in "marichales", frequent on moist sandy banks among rocks and infrequent along sandy stream banks under Mauritia. It is recorded by Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: pp. 149 & 151 (1923) from eastern Goyaz, northeastern Bahia, and central Bahia, where it is said to be typical of the carrasco. The plants are ” almost acaulescent when young and are then very misleading. The flowers are described as white or cream-colored, blooming in May and from August to March. It has been collected at altitudes of 200 to 3200 meters. faterial of this species occurs in herbaria identified as Eriocaulon splendens Bong., Paepalanthus caulescens Kunth, Pe caulescens (Poir.) Kunth, P. procerus Klotzsch, P. Seen Mart., P. splendens var. -B Korn., P, surinamensis ; Miq., Syngonan— thus caulescens Ruhl., S. caulescens (Bong. ) Ruhl., S. caules— cens (Poir.) Vog., and Limnoxeranthemum Salzm. 7a The species is cited from Corrientes, Argentina, "det. John- ston", by Parodi in Darwiniana 6: 163 (193). Another specimen of Maguire, Kunhardt, & Politi 27299 is said to be deposited in the United States ational Herbarium at Washington. A Britton Herbarium sheet of Cuatrecasas 7886 is S. huberi Ruhl., with flaccid leaves, but the United States National Herbarium sheet is plainly S. caulescens. I compared the two in 195. The Stock- holm sheet of Brade 5528 is a mixture with Leiothrix flavescens, the Britton Herbarium sheet of JUrgensen 3723a is a mixture with a Calpidisca sp., and the Washington sheet of Galen Smith & Idrobo 1561 is mixed with something cyperaceous. ~~ Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: J. G. Smith 116 (£). COSTA RICA: Province undetermined: H. Pittier s.n. [Cienaga de Agua Buena, Caflar Gordar; Herb. Instit. Physico-geogr. Nat. Costaric. 1103] (Br). COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: F. W. Pennell 2888 (E--844392, F--)85587). Magdalena: Haught 2355 (N). Méta: Cuatrecasas 7823 (N, N), 7886, in part (N, W--17967h9); F. W. Pennell 1hll (E- (E=-81,3999, F F-85387) ; Galen Smith & Idrobo 1561 (W--20]7796). Norte de Santander: Schlim 1 193 3 (Br). Vaupés: Bia He 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 301 Allen 3212 (W--1951975); Cuatrecasas 6981 (N, N). Department un- determined: Mutis 3933 (W—1562695). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Mag- uire & Politi 273iea (N, W), 27343a (N); Steyermark 58519 (N). Enzoategui: H. Pittier 14295 (Ve, W--1778560), 1h3ely (Ve, W— 1778577), 14L50 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 18492] (N, Ve), 15154 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 10411] (Ve). Bolfvar: Killip 37683 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 13,89] (Ve, W—1855639); Steyermark 59262 (F—1209396), 59303 (N), 59308 (N), 6049) (N). Monagas: Maguire, Kunhardt, & Politi 27299 (N, Ve). State undetermined: Cruger s.n. [1859] (S); Otto 91 (Br, S). BRITISH GUIANA: Forest Dept. Br. Guian. WB.255 (N, Wo). SURINAM: Kappler 1002 (S). FRENCH GUIANA: Le- prieur s.n. [févr. 1835] (Du). PERU: Loreto: Klug 2866 (N, S). San Martin: Klug 3270 (N, N, S). BRAZIL: Amap4: J. T. Baldwin 4056 (W--18782h6); Black 9-820) (N). Amazonas: Luetzelburg 21037 (Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 47707] (Ja); Spruce s.n. [in vicini- bus Barra, Dec.-Mart. 1850-51] (N); Ule 7610 (N, W—-161500)). Bahia: Salzmann s.n. (Bahia, inter sphagna] (Br). Goyaz: Burche ell 7941 (Br); M. A. Chase 11740 (W--147013k), 12054 (W—-1L70- [Lagem, praedium in prov. Goyazense 1839] (Br), sn. [prope fl. Riach&%o, 1839] (Br); Weddell 1921 [19] (Br). Mattogrosso: M. A. Chase 11803 (W——195702); J. G. Kuhlmann 1633 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 7663] (Ja); Lindman A.2625 (S, S), A.3389 (S, S); Malme 1658b (S), 1658ba (S), 1678 (S), 1678a (S), 2150 (S); J. E. Rombouts s.n. [Herb. Inst. Agron. S. Paulo 2787] (W—~1]59552). Minas Geraes: Bunbury 76 (Br); Burchell 5818 (Br); M. A. Chase 11256 (W—~170135); P. Clausen 3 (Br), 6 (Br), 173 (Br), 286 (S), 1173 (E), sen. [Aug.-April, 1840] (Br, Br); Langsdorff s.n. [1859] (M), s.n. (S); Lindberg 569 (Br), 569a (Br); Macedo 2853 (N); Mello Barreto 2585 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. L795) (N), 467) [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 17528] (N); Mendes Magalh4es 2091 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 252] (N), 2121 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 42629] (N), 3192 (Be—1810); Mosén 1056 (S, S, S, S); J. E. Oliveira 67 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 32592] (N), 933 (Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 4236] (N); J. E. Pohl s. n. [ad Piraposa, cataractam fl. S. Franc.] (Br); Regnell 1.450 T1857] (S), 1.450 [3/4/1868] (S), 1.450 [5/2/1870] (S, S); Sil- veira 221 (Herb. Marie-Victorin 1225] (Vi); Ule 2719 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 47756] (Ja); Weddell 1039 [5] (Br); Widgren 8 (S), 230 (S, S), 331 (Br), 82h (S, S), Sen. (S, S); Zehntner s. n. [Herb, Mus. Nac. Rio 7731] (Ja). Pard: Black 50-9906 (N). Paran4: Ayrton de Mattos 288 (N), 4365 (N), Gal (N), 4657 (N); Ceccatto 117 [Herb. Mus. Parana 3231] (N); Dusén 2298 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 4806] (S, S), 7206 (S), 1033 (S, S), 10822 (S), 11078 (S), 15619 (S, S), 17538 (S), s.n. [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 4808] (S), s.n. [2.3.190h] (S); Gurgel 15083 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 47656) (Ja); Hatschbach 1761 (N); Hertel 1133 (N); 302 PoReYe TO (2006 Tok Vol. h, no. J0nsson 122a (Br, S); Tessmann 276 [Herb. Mus, Parana. 276] (N), 3611 [Herb. Mus. Parana. 3611] (N), 378ha (N). Pernambuco: Pickel s.n. [Pombos, Jan. 1930] (N). Rio Branco: Black 51-12673 (N), 51=-137h9 (N), 51-13998 (N). Rio de Janeiro: Arens son. (Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 0968] (Ja); Brade 9782 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 2207] (Ja); Dusén 1906 (S); Eugenio Leite 115 (N); Glaziou 6447 (S), 13283 (Br, Br, Br); BR Raven s.n. (Br). Rio Grande do Sul: Canisio 13 (S); Eugenio Leite 101 (N), 433 (N); Lindman A.533 (Ss, S), A A.1205 (S, S); Malm e 582 ( (Ss, 3), wie (S), 897 (S); Ram Rambo ae (N), 1), 34685 OS), + saul ( (N). Santa Ca entharinad a: Rambo 19585 (S). S#o Paulo: Brade 5528, in part (S), 553k (S), 63bh ( (s)gomne 12227 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 30343] (Ja, 8); Burchell 3780 (Br), 431 (Br); Collector undesignated 963 (Br); Guillemin s Sn. [obre ILI] (Du); Heiner s.n. (S); Herter 1325 (S); W. Hoehne 767 (N, Wh, Wh, Wh, |, Wh), 2378 (N), 2379 (N); Lofgren | 366 (Sis 1214 (S); B. ith s.n. [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 15082] (s)s Moldenke & - Moldenke 19636 (Es, N), 19671 (N), 19903 (N), 19907 (N); Pickel 639 (NS Sf), Sf), 5526 (N). State undetermined: J. Ander- son s.n. (S); G. Gardner 5253 (N); Glaziou 15519 (Br), 15679 (Br), 17306 (Br), 22297 (Br); Luschnath 47 [Martius 888] (Br); Je E. Pohl s.n. [Brasiliae 1839] (Br); Raben 967 (Br); L. Riedel 1,80 (S, T),. 5. s.n. [Brasilia] (Br); Sellow ow 1296 ( (Br), 139k (Br), sen. [Brasilia] (. (BF), Sen, {5)0S, S). MARAJO ISLAND: Huber 2666 (S), sen. [1.VII.1902] (S). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Kuntze Seles [Yapacani, VI.92] (N), sn. [Velasco, VII.92] (N); Steinbach Suué (N), 6908 (S). PARAGUAY: Balansa 566a (Br); Hassler 1061 (N), 4709 (S), 6697 (S), 8483 (S), 12532 ( (S); Jorgensen ‘sensen 3723a (N), Li7h (D--803931, N, S); Lindman s.n. (S); Osten 8813 (S); Rojas 1522 [Herb. Osten 8331] ~ (Go). URUGUAY: Sellow | D D139 (Sd ARGENTINA: Corrientes: G. J. Schwarz 340 (W--1931)88).. SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. ANGUSTIFOLIUS Moldenke This variety is said to be common in bogs at an altitude of about 150 meters, blooming in April, with conspicuous white flower—-heads. Citation: COLOMBIA: Méta: Haught 277 (N--type). SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. BELLOHORIZONTINUS Alv. Silv. The original publication of this trinomial was inaccurately written "S. caulescens var. bello horizontina", SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. PROCERUS (Klotzsch) Moldenke Synonym: Paepalanthus procerus Klotzsch in Schomb., Reise in Brit. Guian. 3: 1115. 1848; Schomb., Faun. & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1115, hyponym. 18)8. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Glaziou 19995 (C). Rio de Janeiro: Glaziou 122h9 (Br). 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 303 SYNGONANTHUS CENTAUROIDES (Bong.) Ruhl. This binomial is often written "S. centauroides Ruhl." Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Magalh%es Gomes & Schwacke 292 [Herb. Magalh%es Gomes 292; Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 26696] (N); L. Riedel 1063 hiebeids photos 10677] (li-- isotype, N--photo of isotype, S--isotype), s.n, (Br--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS CENTAUROIDES var. SUBAPPRESSUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Eugenio Leite 432 (N). SYNGONANTHUS CHRYSANTHUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Literature: Rambo, Anais Botanicas Nr. 2. 1950. A synonym is Paepalanthus morulus Kunth, of which the type collection is Sellow s.n,. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Sellow s.n. [Cabo Frio] (S), s.n. [Brasilia] (Br, E--photo, F=-photo, N-- photo, Z—photo). SYNGONANTHUS CIRCINNATUS (Bong.) Ruhl. A synonym is Eriocaulon circinnatum Bong, The binomial is sometimes written "Syngonanthus circinnatus Ruhl." Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: L. Riedel 10h) (Macbride photos 10678] (N--photo of isotype), 1077 7 (Mi), Sen. sen. [S. de Lapa] (S--isotype), s.n. (Br--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS COMPACTUS Ruhl. The specimen cited by Silveira from "lManaos" is from Amazon- as, Brazil. SYNGONANTHUS COSTATUS Ruhl. Specimens of this species have been misidentified in herbaria as "S, niveus var. rosulatum Kunth", A synonym is Leiothrix lindavii Ruhl., of which the type collection is Magalh#es Gomes 3105. ~~ Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Magalh%es Gomes 3108 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 26685] (N), 3109 [Herb. Com. Geogr. e Geol. Minas Verais 1364; Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 26686} (N); Silveira 520 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 123k] (Vi). SYNGONANTHUS COWANI Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30166 (N--type, Ve--isotype), 30780 (N, Be poe SYNGONANTHUS DEALBATUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 581 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 1585] (N--photo, Vi). SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFLORUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Literature: Malme, Phanerogamen 3: 10. 1933. A synonym is Paepalanthus densiflorus Ktrn. The species in- 30) Pot ¥) PAO} LH0nG* Tk Vol. ,, ighem habits wet ground along streamlets. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: M. A. Chase 11753) (W-- 195700); Glaziou 22316 (S); Macedo 1835 (N); Weddell 2132 [12] (Br--cotype), 211 [7] (Br--cotype), ~ 2383 [22] (Br--cotype). Maranh&o: Murga ‘a Pires & Black 259 (Z). Mattogrosso: Malme 156c (S), 1963 (S), 3369 369 (S), 3369a (S). Minas Geraes: Mendes des Magal-— hfes ae ~Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 32616] (N); J. EB. J. Ee Oliv- eira 72 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 32613] (N); L. R '» Riedel el 2348 [Macbride photos 10680] (N--photo of cotype), s.n. [Franca] (S—— cotype). Piauhy: G. Gardner 2966 (M--cotype, N--cotype). State undetermined: Glaziou 22316 (Br). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Kuntze Ss. n. [VII.92] (N). SYNGONANTHUS DENSUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. This binomial is often written "S, densus Ruhl." Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: G. Gardner 4385 [Mac- bride photos 10681] (N--photo of cotype, ~S--cotype); We Weddell 2127 [11] (Br--cotype). ~ oS a SYNGONANTHUS DENSUS var. PUMILUS Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 20568, in part [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 7668] (Ja--type, N-- _ isotype). SYNGONANTHUS DROUETII L. B. Sm. Original publication: L. B. Sm., Contrib. Gray Herb. 117: 3h- 35 & 43, pl. 2, figs. 1-3. 1937. The type is ’Drouet 2112 in the Gray Herbarium, collected on sandy banks and flats | km. south of Vigia, Par4, Brazil. It is said to be closely related to S. simplex and S. gracilis, from which species its strikingly large inner involucral bractlets diatinguish it at once. In habit it is said to resemble S. niveus. SYNGONANTHUS DUIDAE Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark 58199 (N-type) . SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Literature: Hoehne, relat. Anual Instit. Bot. 37. 196; Abiatti, Eriocaulaceas 336. 196. Specimens are often found in herbaria under the names Paepal- anthus elegans Kunth, Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Ruhl., and S. elegans var. rufescens Ruhl. The type collection of the last- mentioned trinomial is Glaziou 20012. Many specimens of the Mol- denke & Moldenke collections cited below were originally dis- tributed as S. niveus (Bong.) Ruhl. The species is widely used in florist decorations in Brazil and the United States under the names of "sempreviva de Diaman- tina", "sempervarium", "starflower", "skyrocket", "Brazilian everlasting", "diamond flower", and "sempreviva". PHYTOLOGIA is financed entirely by its contributors, each one paying in advance for the entire cost of printing, binding, and distributing his con- tribution. All money received from subscribers, after the expenses of collection have been deducted, will be distributed among the contributors upon the completion of a volume, in proportion to the space which they have used, Each contributor is therefore a shareholder in the magazine, assuming his part of the expenses and sharing in the profit:, if any accrue. Each number consists of not less than 32 pages. All manuscript ~ accepted will be published in the next issue, so that the size of numbers may vary greatly. A volume will contain about 32 signatures, 512 pages, or a smaller number of pages with an equivalent number of plates. This pian insures immediate publication of all accepted manuscript. ir Illustrations will be published according to the desires of the authors. No extra charge is made for line drawings, such as are ordinarily reproduced in zinc, or for diagrams, tables, or charts, provided they conform to certain limitations of size and proportion. An extra charge will be made for half-( tones, depending on their size, as fixed by the engraver, with a minimum of © about $2.25. Articles dealing with research in all lines of botany, in any reasonable length, biographical sketches, and critical reviews and summaries of liter- ) ature will be considered for publication. Floristic lists, casual notes of an z: amateur or so-called popular type, and polemics will not be published. Advice | on the suitability of manuscripts will be solicited, if necessary, from quali: ; fied botanists. Under the present cust of printing, the basic rate for a page or fraction thereof is $1.65 for an edition of 200 copies. This price is subject to change without notice, since it depends entirely on the prices. prevailing ix Bei Ri printing industry. on apa ye ee eS Reprints will be furnished at cost. A proportionate fraction of the ‘ edjtion of 200 . opies is also furnished gratis to contributors. rf { t a sy) a Upon request, the editors will send detailed instructions concerning the ay ‘ preparation of manuscript or further informaticn about the magazine. In. ta quiries may be addressed to the maeetn ne or to either editor. a BOTANIC ait GARDE i le 5 b S ‘s Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 4 August, 1953 No. 5 CONTENTS Littte, E. L., Jr., Four varietal transfers of United States DUM rth st acceso pa teivass ch vader evan sthdeanes Vesna comes Derek erent 305 MovpenkeE, H.N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. 0 1 RATS SNR SIR SN Ae EOE ee Sgn er ERROR IL 311 Monacuino, J. V., Miré, a new species of Brunfelsia from CO CET DE CREE WORE Apis CAG Sat Sag ers: US ALE Pe eh 8 342 Mo.pENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Aegiphila. Mrs cht alee iat toatbea th sions, dosh dpa dhasubncestices an Heese Ag AS 347 Smitu, L. B., Notes on Bromeliacede. [1.........:.ccseccssscecessseeeseseeees 355 Mo.penkE, H.N., A new species of Sphenodesme......s.sesccecceseer 368 15 Glenbrook Avenue Yonkers 5, New York Price of this number, 75 cents; per volume, $5 in advance Vol. 4, No. 4, was issued June 8, 1953 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke nh wh FIVE VARIETAL TRANSFERS OF UNITED STATES TREES Elbert L. Little, Jr. These nomenclatural transfers for five varieties of United States trees are in the genera Quercus, Ulmus, Cercocarpus and Prunus (2). They are needed for the Forest S Service Check List of the Native and Naturalized Trees of the United States (In- cluding Alaska), now in press. QUERCUS STELLATA Wang. var. MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Ashe) Little, comb. nov. Delta post oak Quercus mississippiensis Ashe, Torreya 31: 59. 1951. This variation of the Mississippi Valley in bottom lands of western Mississippi, southeastern Arkansas, and eastern Lavisi- ana has been distinguished by foresters of the Southern Forest Experiment Station ever since its publication as a species by W. W. Ashe in 1931. Ashe noted that Q. mississippiensis was one of the common oaks on intermediate or better drained class- es of alluvial lands of the lower Mississippi Valley. It was a timber tree of importance, its lumber not separated in mar- keting from upland white oak. J. A. Putnam and Henry Bull (The trees of the bottomlands of the Mississippi River delta region. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Service, Southern Forest Expt. Sta. Occas. Paper 27, 207 pp. 1932. Mimeographed.) described this oak at length (pp. 156-159). Under the heading post oak together with two specific names Quercus stellata Wangenh. and Q. mississippiensis Ashe, they explained that this post oak probably was not the true Q. stellata, which it closely resembles in most respects, and, if not a variety, was the very closely allied newly pub- lished species Q. mississippiensis. They observed that thie variation differs from Q. stellata in size, quality, and habi- tat. developing a tall, straight, massive trunk with broad, open crown of stout branches and branchlets. Ordinarily medium-sized, in West Carroll Parish, Louisiana, it often reaches 100 to 110 feet in height and 5 feet or more in diame- ter. This common bottomland oak occurs throughout the Delta region but principally in second bottoms. Noting that small trees occasionally were confused with small specimens of over- cup oak, Q. lyrata Walt., they pointed out the differences be- tween these two in leaves, branchlets, fruit, and bark of large trees (pp. 163-164). 305 306 PHY TO GOiG Lk Vol. h, no. 5 Some years later, Putnam (Management of bottomland hard- woods. U.S. Dept. Agr., Forest Service, Southern Fcrest Expt. Sta. Occas. Paper 116, 60 pp. 1951) accepted Delta post oak (Q. mississippiensis) as a species ina table of Important Bottomland Species. The Forest Products Laboratory, in examining wood froma single tree of this variation, reported that the samples showed wider rings, more pronounced springwood pore zone, and more golden color of the heartwood than specimens of Q. stellata but that these differences might be related to site conditions. Clair A. Brown (Louisiana trees and shrubs. La. Forestry Comm. Bul. 1, 262 pp., illus. 1945) accepted the species Q. mississippiensis Ashe, Mississippi Valley oak (p. 70, fig. 37C) and regarded it as more closely related to Q. lyrata than to Q. stellata. He thought it possibly might prove to be a variety of the former. Quercus mississippiensis is transferred to varietal status under Q. stellata Wangenh. (Beytr. Teutech. Holzger. Fortwiss. Nordamer. Holz. 78, pl. 6, fig. 15. 1787). Apparently none of the varietal names published under Q. stellata, including Q. stellata var. attenuata Sarg., is the same. ULMUS AMERICANA L. var. FLORIDANA (Chapm.) Little, comb. nov. Florida elm Ulmus floridana Chapm., Fl. Southeast. U. S. 416. 1860. Some authors have accepted Ulmus floridana Chapm., of the Coastal Plain from eastern North Carolina to central Florida, as adistinct species but others have not. For example, Charles Sprague Sargent (Silva No. Amer. 7: 43. 1895; Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed. 2, corr., p. 309. 1926) listed this name as a syno- nym of U. americana L., American elm. Florida botanists report the two to be distinct and to flow- er at different times. Erdman West and Lillian E. Arnold (The native trees of Florida. 212pp., illus. 1946) accepted Ulmue floridana Chapm., Florida elm (p. 60, fig.). They suggested that this tree may represent a geographical variety of U. americana L., which, they noted, grows on drier ground, normal- ly has downy twigs, and has converging tips on the fruits. I observed Florida elm in Highlands Hammock State Park near Seb- ring, Fla. As no varietal name under U. americana seems applicable, the specific epithet floridana is reduced to a variety of U. americana L. (Sp. Pl. 226. 1753). 1953 Little, Five varietal transfers 307 CERCOCARPUS The North American genus Cercocarpus H. B. K., cercocarpus or "“mountain-mahogany" (family Rosaceae), is a difficult one, because of numerous puzzling intergrades and hybrids between the extreme forms. The complexity of the variations in western United States is illustrated by two monographs from extreme points of view. Rydberg (No. Amer. Fl. 22: 418-424. 1913) accepted 21 specieg including in western United States 8 spe- cies of trees and 3 of shrubs. Floyd L. Martin (A revision of Cercocarpus. Brittonia 7: 91-111, illus. (maps). 1950) ina conservative monograph, though with field work confined to southern California, reduced the number of species in this ge- nus to 6. All the variations in western United States were combined into 2 species, C. montanus Raf., composed of 6 vari- eties, and C. led ifoliue Nutt., with 3 varieties. Many botanists probably will prefer a middle course some- where between the two extremes, with an intermediate number of species. For example, Kearney and Peebles (Ariz. Flora 388- 390. 1951) retained in the revision of their work on Arizona plants (Fl. Pl. Ferns Ariz. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 423: 406-407. 1942) the same number of species of Cercocarpus, five, though mentioning Martin's reduction to two. Of the tamor entities in the United States reaching tree size, Martin accepted six varieties in the two species. Sar- gent (Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed. 2, corr. 550-555. 1926) had five tree species. Following the reduction of the two local California island species by Dunkle (So. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 39: 1-2. 1940), I accepted three tree species with two addi- tional varieties in the preliminary mimeographed Check List of 1944. These three species were further accepted in my popular illustrated handbook, Southwestern Trees (pp. 58-60, figs. 1950). Cercocarpus ledifolius var. intercedens Schneid. can be uni- ted with C. ledifolius Nutt. as a species without varieties. Both variations cccupy almost the same broad range and differ scarcely except in width of the narrow leaves and degree of rolling of the margins. C. betuloides Nutt. and C. breviflorus A. Gray in Arizona are quite different in habit. The former is generally a tree with a single trunk up to 6 inches in diameter and compact crown, while the latter is usually shrubby or branching from near the base and has open widely spreading branches and long slender twigs. Though their ranges meet in Arizona, the two probably have a different history. C. breviflorue is a species 308 RYHNYaT Oc TmOVGeT wh Vol. 4, no. 5 of the interior mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, and northern Mexico, while C. betuloides is a Pacific coast species of the California chaparral. In central Arizona, chiefly in Yavapai and Gila counties, is an island of genuine California chaparral vegetation with a smaller number of speci- es, partly Californian, and including C. betuloides. (Perhaps the rarest of these disjunct species mw separated by great ex- panses of deserts is Fremontia californica Torr. For more than two years I lived in this interesting Arizona chaparral while in forest influences research at the Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest in Gila County.) C. douglasii Rydb. once was reported as a State record for Arizona by Kearney (Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 21: 69. 1931) on authority of a determination by Rydberg but af :.erwards was re- duced by Kearney and Peebles (Fl. Pl. Ferne Ariz. 407. 1942) to synonymy under C. betuloides. In the original description of C. douglasii, C. betulaefolius blancheae Schneid. "in part" was cited in synonymy. C. alnifolius was another segregate. CERCOCARPUS BETULOIDES Nutt. var. BLANCHEAE (Schneid.) Little, comb. nov. alderleaf cercocarpus Gercocarpus betulaefolius Nutt. var. blancheae Schneid., Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 14: 127. 1905. Cercocarpus alnifolius Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 22: 421. 1913. Cercocarpus betuloides (var. ] alnifolius (Rydb.) Dunkle, South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 39: 2. 1940. Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var. blancheae (Schneid.) F. L. Martin, Brittonia 7: 103. 1950. Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. (in Torr. & Gray, FL No. Amer. 1: 427. 1840; June) in its widespread typical variety, C. be- tuloides var. betuloides, is found in central Arizona and from western Oregon south through California to northern Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. Three other varieties of restricted distribu- tion can be maintained, var. macrourus (Rydb.) Jeps. in south- western Oregon and northern California, var. traskiae (Eastw.) Dunkle of Santa Catalina Island, and var. blancheae, for which the new combination is made, on Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina Islands of California. When checking these names more than ten years ago, I noted that this new combination might be needed, but the type collec- tions of the United States National Museum (US) were then in protective storage. Martin took up the older varietal epithet and designated Blanche Trask in 1896 (Mo) as the lectotype of C. betulaefolius Nutt. var. blancheae Schneid. OC. alnifolius Rydb. (type US 340025, seen) was based upon the same collection. 1953 Little, Five varietal transfers 309 VARIETIES OF PRUNUS SEROTINA EHRH. Rogers McVaugh (A revision of the North American black cher- ries (Prunus serotina Ehrh., and relatives). Brittonia 7: 279- 315. 1951) ina conservative monograph has united several spe- cies with Prunus serotina Ehrh., black cherry, recognizing five subspecies, one further sudbivided into two varieties. In Forest Service Check Lists, subdivisions of species are cited as varieties, not subspecies. Accordingly, the five sub- species of Prunus serotina Ehrh. are here treated as varieties, two of which are new combinations. A summary of the nomencla- ture follows. Additional synonyms were listed by McVaugh and by Alfred Rehder (Bibliog. Cult. Trees Shrubs 345. 1949). Prunus serotina Ehrh. black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 3: 20. 1788. Prunus serotina var. serotina black cherry (typical) Prunus serotina Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 3: 20. 1788. Prunus serotina subsp. serotina var. serotina (McVaugh, Brittonia 7: 295. 1951). PRUNUS SEROTINA Ehrh. var. ALABAMENSIS (Mohr) Little, comb. nov. Alabama black cherry Prunus hirsutus Ell., Sketch Bot. S.-C. 1: 541. 1621. Prunus alabamensis Mohr, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 118. BO. Prunus cuthbertii Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 28: 290. 1901. Prunus australis Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 162. 12. Padus alabamensis (Mohr) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 574, 1552 1903. Padus cuthbertii (Small) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 574, 15 51'2¥ 1905. Prunus serotina [f.?] 6. alabamensis (Mohr) Schneid. ex Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 1906 (15): % [1907]. Prunus serotina subsp. hirsuta (Ell.) McVaugh, Brittonia 7: 299. 1951. The epithet alabamensis was used as a trinomial before hir- sutus. P. serotina alabamensis was published by Schwerin ap- parently as a form, credited to Schneider (Illus. Handb. Laub- holzk. 1: 643. 1906). However, Schneider expressed belief that Padus alabamensis was a local form without making a trinomial. The type of Prunus alabamensis Mohr (C. Mohr, May ll, 1898, near Birmingham, Ala., US 338624, US 772666) has been examined. PRUNUS SEROTINA Ebrh. var. EXIMIA (Small) Little, comb. nov. Escarpment cherry Prunus eximia Small, Torreya 1: 146. 1901. Padus eximia (Small) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 573, 1331. 1903. 310 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 5 Prunus serotina subsp. eximia (Small) McVaugh, Brittonia 7: Fue). TOSI. An isotype of Prunus eximia Small (A. A. Heller 1592, US 213649) has been examined. Prunus serotina var. rufula (Woot. & Standl.) McVaugh southwestern black cherry Prunus salicifolia H. B. K. var. acutifolia S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arte Sci. Proc. 22: 411. 1887; nom. provisor. Padus rufula Woot. & Standl., U. S. Natl. Mus. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 132. 1913. Padus virens Woot. & Standl., U.S. Natl. Mus. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 133. 1913. Prunus virens (Woot.& Standl.) Shreve, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 217: 43. 1915. Prunus virens var. rufula (Woot. & Standl.) Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: lly. 1920. Prunus rufula (Woot. & Standl.) Tidestr., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 46: 2 Brie oS ee Prunus parksii Cory, Rhodora 45: 326. 1943. Prunus serotina subsp. virens (Woot. Standl.) McVaugh, Brittonia 7: 303. 1951. Prunus serotina subsp. virens var. virens (Woot. Standl.) McVaugh, Brittonia 7: 305. 1951. Prunus serotina subsp. virens var. rufula (Woot. Standl.) MceVaugh, Brittonia 7: 307. 1951. McVaugh (pp. 304-305) rejected the oldest varietal epithet by Watson as a provisional name. The southwestern variations Padus rufula and Padus virens, differing in pubescence and in- tergrading, do not merit separate names. They were united by Sargent, who reduced the former to Prunus virens var. rufula. When both are combined as one variety of Prunus serotina, the oldest varietal epithet thus remains var. rufula. McVaugh pub- lished the variety as a quadrinomial, here cited as a ternary combination. Prunus serotina var. salicifolia (H. H. K.) Koehne capulin black cherry Prunus capuli Cav., Anal. Hist. Nat. [Madrid] 2: 110. 1800. Prune salieifolte H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: 241, pl. 563. 1824, Prunus serotina @ salicifolia (H. B. K.) Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 305. 1893. Prunus serotina subsp. capuli (Cav.) McVaugh, Brittonia 7: 308. 1951. Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., and Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XI Harold N. Moldenke SYNGONANTHUS ACIPHYLLUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Kunth in Enum. Pl. 3: 578 (181) cites Eriocaulon aciphyllum Bong. to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 636, pl. 38. The illustration is apparently unpublished. SYNGONANTHUS CAESPITOSUS (Wikstr.) Ruhl. Kunth in Enum. Pl. 3: 57) (1841) gives three literature cita- tions for recs caespitosum Wikstr. These are Wikstr., K. Vet. Acad. 76) pl. A a 1820), Roem. & Schult., Mant. 2: 69, and oie | oe *Petrop. 6 (1): 628. SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS (Poir.) Ruhl. Kunth in Enum, Pl. 3: 577 (181) cites Eriocaulon splendens Bong., a synonym of this species, to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 633, with an apparently unpublished plate 66. He describes two varieties, but does not give them separate names. One is suppos- ed to have lower stature and the other has very short or almost obsolete stems and a solitary peduncle. They are said to be from near Barbacena, Brazil. SYNGONANTHUS CENTAUROIDES (Bong.) Ruhl. Kunth in his Enum, Pl. 3: 578 (181) cites Eriocaulon centau- roides Bong. to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 635, with an apparently un- published plate 5. The type was collected at Serra da Lapa, Minas Geraes, Brazil. SYNGONANTHUS CHRYSANTHUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Kunth in his Enum, Pl. 3: 575 (181) cites Eriocaulon chrysan- thum Bong to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 628, with an unpublished plate 2S representing it. The type is from near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. " SYNGONANTHUS CIRCINNATUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Kunth in his Enum. Pl. 3: 577 (181) cites Eriocaulon circin- natum Bong. to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 633, with an apparently un- published plate 39 to depict it. The type is from Serra da Lapa. SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Kuhlmann states that this plant is called "flor de Diamanti- na" in Brazil because of its abundance in the Diamantina dis- trict of Minas Geraes, and in the trade as "sempre-viva". He says (1951) that it has lost its popularity in the trade in Brazil recently. It is supplied commercially to the trade in the United States by "Praxedes Ribeiro, Av. Rio Branco 9 - S/1l19, Rio de Janeiro" and by "Alvaro Guieiro, Rua Francisco Sa 58, Diamantina, Mynas Gerais", a re to a letter received from 3 312 PITT OLLIE 4A Vol. 4, no. 5 the Amprican Embassy in Rio de Janeiro, written July 2, 1951. Al- though sold extensively in New York, it is very doubtful whether the plants are actually cultivated there, or, in fact, anywhere. It is most probable that all the commercial material is gathered from wild plants in Minas Geraes. The species is said to flower in April. Much of the commercially marketed material has the in- florescences dyed red, blue, purple, yellow, or green, Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Glaziou 20012 (Br, C, N); Mello Barreto 967) [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 2460] (N); mendes Magalhfes 190 (Be--13885), 207) [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 422h6)] (N); Mexia 5735 (N, Qu, S); L. Riedel s. n. [Serra da ie (N-=phato of isotype, S--isotype, Z--photo of isotype); Williams & Assis 6911 (S). CULTIVATED: New York: Hub Floral Manufacturing Co. s.n. n. (N). Brazil (S&o Paulo): Moldenke & Moldenke 19937 (Es, N, Sm), 19938 (B, Es, F, Hw, Im, Mg, Ur N, No, Rs, S, Sm, Ss). SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANS var. ELANATUS Ruhl. The Glaziou collection cited below is usually found in her- baria under the names Paepalanthus elegans Kunth or Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5282 (S); Glaziou 20013 (Br, C). SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANTULUS Ruhl. Material of this species has been widely misidentified as Paepalanthus elegans Kunth, P. niveus Kunth, and Syngonanthus niveus (Bong. y Ruhl. The Brussels sheet of elaatca 16398, in fact, - was identified as Paepalanthus elegans by Taubert and cor- eed to P. niveus by Ruhland! The labels made for the Macbride cotype photograph at the Chicago Natural History Museum read "Glaziou 16296" in error. The species is said to bloom in Janu- Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5282, in part (N); Glaziou 15549 (Br), 16396 [Macbride photos 10682] (Br--cotype, N--fragment of cotype, N--photo of cotype), 16398, in part (Br,.N), 17316 (Br); Magalh&es Gomes 66 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 26610] (N). SYNGONANTHUS EUSCHEMUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Glaziou 22300 [Macbride photos 10683] (Br--cotype, N--photo of cotype), 22301 (N— cotype, S--cotype). Par&: Sioli s.n. [Herb. Inst. Agron. Norte 29163a] (N). SYNGONANTHUS FERTILIS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Literature: Malme, Phanerogamen 3: 10. 1933. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: J. G. Kuhlmann 1630 [Com. Lin. Teleg. 1630; Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio 47652 & 47653] (Ja, Ja, N); Malme 332 (N, S, S); Weddell 3397 [no. 27] (Br— 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 313 cotype, N--photo of cotype, Z--photo of cotype). SYNGONANTHUS FISCHERIANUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Kunth in his Enum. Pl. 3: 57 (1841) cites the synonymous Eriocaulon fischerianum Bong. to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 627, with an unpublished plate 29. Other synonyms are Paepalanthus nardi- folius Kunth, of which the type is Sellow L957, and P. vaginatus Mart., of which the type is Clausen 6. _ The species produces resplendent, straw-like, white flowers and grows in marshy campos and montane ditches. "tt has been col- lected at an altitude of 500 meters, blooming in April and July. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Ule 7665 (N, W— 1615007). Goyaz: Glaziou 22298 (Br, S). Mattogrosso: Kuntze s.n. [VII.92] (N). Minas Geraes: P. P. Clausen 6 (Br); Lofgren ‘en 362 (S); Mades Magalh&%es 162 [Herb. dard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 3259) (N); J. E. Oliveira 1317 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 45187] (N); Regnell 111.1263 (S, S); wets 6 (S), 99 (S), 823 (S, S), s.n. [18L5] (S), s.n. (s, S). Parad: Spruce s.n. [in vicinibus Santar- em, Aug. 1850 O] (N, 8). 5 eas Dusén 7207 (S); Mattos 436 (N). S#o Paulo: Brade 5532 (S), 5533 (S); Burchell 3782 (Br, N); W. Hoehne 766 (Wh, (Wh, Wh); - L. Riedel del 1478 [Macbride photos 10681] (M, N—photo, Bats) State undetermined: R. Raben 966 (Br, E--photo, F-— photo, N--photo, Z--photo); Sellow , 4957 (Br, E--photo, F--photo, N--photo, Z——photo). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Kuntze son. [VII.92] (N, N); Steinbach 5507 (D—763556, N). SYNGONANTHUS FLAVIDULUS (Michx.) Ruhl. Literature: Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 166. 1803; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 92. 181h;° Elliott, Sketch Bot. S.C. & Ga. 2: 567. 182); Ruhland in Engl., Pflanzenreich h (30): 256. 1903; Alain, Contrib. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Coleg. La Salle 7: 115. 196; he C. Martin, Am. Midl., Nat. 36: 533, pl. h. 1946; Fernald, Rhodora 9: 128-129, 197. The species has been collected in anthesis also in July, Oct- ober, and December, and in fruit in February, March, April, May, and September. It has been found on ancient sand-dunes, in roadside ditches, in low pinelands near swimming-pools, in pine woods, flatwoods, moist grassy openings in live oak hammocks, wet sandy meadows, moist pinebarrens, moist sedgy places, low black sandy muck near bays, and wet places in general. Recorded common names include "buttons" and "pipewort". Martin in the reference cited above discusses the endosperm morphology, while Fernald gives a very detailed discussion of the supposed occurrence of the species in Virginia, a record apparently not substantiated by fact. Dowell 7140, cited below, is a depauperate specimen. Sheets number LO60I11 and 186012 in the Pomona College herbarium contain mixtures. The specimen on the former sheet is actually Eriocaulon septangulare With. and belongs on sheet 186012, collected by Brewer & Chickering at Island Pond, Vermont. The Ellis specimen from Georgia is erron- 314 Pol WotOnb O82 Vol. h, noes eously mounted along with E. septangulare material on sheet 186012. It is hoped that this error will be corrected by the curators of that herbarium. Specimens of this species are often found in herbaria under the synonymous designations of Eriocaulon flavidulum Michx., Dupatya flavidula (Michx.) Kuntze, Dupotya flavidula (Michx.) Kuntze, Paepalanthus flavidulus Kunth, and P. flavidus Kunth. Specimens are often mis-identified as Eriocaulon septangulare With., E. gnaphalodes Michx., Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt. Morong, “TL. glabrum Ktrn., L. minus (Chapm.) Small, L. nudus Rhoads, and L. nunus Rhoads. The "Eriocaulon flavidulum" of Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 92 (181) is E. parkeri B. L. Robinson. ater reat citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Bladen Co.: Blomquist 5740 (H--19366). Brunswick Co.: R. K. Godfrey 8362 (No—17)27), sen. [Aug. 16, 198] (No--17)6)). County undetermined: Me. A. Curtis s.n. (D—7523h3) . SOUTH CAROLINA: Florence Co.: Ravenel S.n. [Florence, July 1879] (Br). Lexington Co.: E. A. McGregor 287 (Du--75961). GEORGIA: Burke Co.: M. B. Ellis s.n. [Alexan- der] (Po--186011). Charlton Co.: E. E. Barker £86006 (Gu); W. H. Duncan 2050 (N); J. S. Harper 161 (Gu--16933), 02 (D--718638); Leeds 1285 (D—-700887); Pyron & McVaugh 195 (Gu--13936) . Clinch Coe: | D. E. Eyles 178 (Gu--28392). Lowndes Co.: Quarterman 1267 (va). Ware Co.: J. S. Harper 4l (D--768586) . Wayne Co.: Ruth s Ss. n. [June 1893] (Ob--23922) . FLORIDA: Alachua Co.: G. Fe Weber s Se Ds [Gainesville, 3-28-28] (F1--5)0, Fl—5h1); West & Arnold Se ne [Gainesville, 12 May 1939] (F1—30617) « Baker Coss “West & Arnold sen. [Taylor, 25 Apr. 1940] (Fl--110)). Bay Co.: Re Re on Martin 1707 (N). Bradford Co.: West & Arnold s.n. (Hampton, 15 May 19,0) (F1--32188). Brevard Co.: C. D. Mell s.n. [Indianola, Oct. 1, 1907] (Vt); Edw. Palmer 580 (Pr); Rhoads s.n. (Merritt, -2-1928] (F1--54,36, “F1--5))37), 8 sen. [Merritt's Island, Apr. 2, 1928] (F1--5439). Clay Co.: W. M. [, Canby s.n. [Magnolia, March 1858] (Pa), s.n. [Hibernia, March 1869] (Cm, Pa, Pr); Leeds 1286 (D—-700886); Murrill s.n. [Keystone Heights, 28 Mar. 1939] (F1l—- 5407), s.n. [May 8, May 8, 1940] (H--61586). Collier Co.: C. C. Deam 58689 (Dm), 60549 (Dm, N), 66040 (Dm, Es, N). Dade Coe: . A. ia Be Garber s.n. [Miami, June 1877] ( (Pa); Small & DeWinkeler 9505 (F1--29138). De Soto Co.: H. H. Rusby s.n. Sen. [arcadia, Apr. hy 1935] (N). Duval Co.: Clausen & & Trapido 32 3290 (Ba); Curtiss 10 (Du--76747, Es), 4786 (Al, Es), sen. [near J Jacksonville, ille, June] (Cm); W. H. Duncan 1271 (Bt--57960, Gu--18509) ; Lighthine So. [South Jacksonville, April 13, 1897] (Ur, Ur). Flagler Co.: West & Arnold s.n. [Andalusia, 18 Apr. 190] (F1--186)6) . Franklin Cow: A. W. Chapman s.n. [1860] (Ms); Saurman s.n. [Apalachicola, 1867] (Pa, Pr); A. A. Wood s.n. [Apalachicola, May 1857] (Pa). Gilchrist Co.: aad De Vall, we Arnold s.n. (Trenton, 19 May 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 315 5/9/39] (Fl—-24255). Highlands Co.: C. C. Deam 629 (No--2131); Phillips & Buswell s.n. [April 9, 1939] (Bu); Small & Deiinkeler s.n. [Kuhlman, SHA, Py 1921] (H--)2908, We). Hillsborough Co.: Britton, Britton, & Shafer 107 (Cm, Ur). Indian River Co.: Mac Daniels s.n. Teton Beach, April 16, 1936] (Ba). Jefferson Co.: Lighthipe s.n. [Lloyd's, "April ab Os *1891] (Ur). Lake Co.: A. S. Hitchcock 10873 (Po--186007) , s.n. [vicinity of Eustis, June & July 189] (F1--552, Ka); Nash h 143 (Es), 1944 (Es); M. E. B. Norton 1889 (Gg--105755) . Lee Co.: H. C. Beardslee s.n. [Feb. 25, 1918] (0b--9)97); Buswell sen. [April 2h, 1932) (Bu); C. Cc. Deam 60668 (Dm, N); H. N. Moldenke 688 (Go, H--9662, Ur), 90 (Go, H--2h1, Ob——23925, Ur); J. Pe Standley 10 (Ur). Leon Coe: A. Wood sen. [Tallahassee] (Pa). Manatee Co.: L. H. Bailey 6660 (Ba); Cuthbert 1489 (F1--5))8), 1516 (F1--5uL5), s.n. [Braden— town, June 22, 1916] (Fl--5450), sen. [Bradenton, March 13, 1917] (F1--51h,7) , s.n. [Bradentown, April 6, 1917] (F1--54h6, F1--54h9); Dowell 7139 (Mb), 7140 (Mb); eae 6643 (Cm). Marion Cougs. Jie A. Drushel 10135 (Gg--276709) ; Groves s.n. [Citra, Feby. 189] (Al). Martin Co.: | W. F. Buchanan s.n. [March 23, 1938] (Gu--16011, Gu--16012); P. 0. Schallert s.n. [5/2/l1] (N). Nas- sau Co.: L. H. Bailey 6865 (Ba). Okeechobee Co.: Buswell s.n. (May 25, 1935] (Bu). Orange Co.: H. C. Beardslee 127 (0b--9L193); F. S. Blanton 691 (Ba, Duu--226796, Gg--223695) ; pele 3653 (Cm); W. M. Canby sen, [Orlando, Nch. 18, 1890] (ur); F URS Schallert , 6116 (U (Ur). Osceola Co.: Bitting 241 (Ga), 242 (Fl-- 5451); Moyer er 277 (No—-268); P. 0. Schallert | sen. [5/2/h1] (Gg-- seers Singletary 153 (H—-l621)). Palm Beach Co.: W. B. Fox . (Apr. 2, 1945] (No--15811); F. C. Randolph 17 (Ba). Pinel- a ay Allabach s.n. [Clearwater, Feb. 10, 1939] (Cm); M. S. Bebb s.n. (Clear Water, 189)] (Ur); S. M. Deam 4069 (Dm, Po 267594); Tracy 7588 (cm, Es); M. H. Williams s s.n. n. [Feb. h, 1926] (H--25700) . Polk Co.: C. C. Deam 66089 (Dm); Jennings & Jennings sen. [s.e. of Ft. Meade, late Dec. 1919] (Cm) -« Putnam Co.: J. He He Barnhart 2116 [Herb. Barnhart 2562] (N); Laessle s.n. [Welaka, 573/40) (F1--32178) ; West & Arnold s.n. [East Palatka, 7 June 190] (N). Saint Johns Co.: We Fe Buchanan s.n. ataeek 2h, 1938) (Gu--16013, H--52325); Doggett s.n. (April 1869] (Al); M. C. Reynolds s.n. [St. Augustine, Mar.-July 1875] (Pr), sn. (St. Augustine, April] (Ur); West & Arnold s.n. [St. Augustine, 7 June 19,0] (N). Sarasota Co.: B. H. Smith : sen. [March 12, 190] (H-~23030). Seminole Co.: H. C. Beardslee s.n. [Longwood, April 1928] (Ob--94495); H. ©. Beardslee, Jr., 37 (Ob--98698); Fallass sen. [Feb. 28, 1911] (Se-—-390h); Foster, Smith, & Smith s.n. [Plant. ealnc. Gray. 1334] (Bl--)9511, "Gu—23859, Us, Ms, Ur). Sumter Co.: Scott s.n. [April 1, 1935] (H--28608). Union Co.: Murrill s.n. (April 12 12, 190] (H--61270) . Volusia Co.: H. C. Beardslee son. ‘beg shy n Mch. 1925] (Ob—-94496); E. Brainerd 316 hls glee One OG: Se eet Vol. hy nos s.n. [March 28, 1909] (Vt); Dowell 7352 (Mb), 7381 (If); East- wood s Sate [Holly Hill, Mar. '90] (Bl--16616); Noble Son. [Lake Helens, 1905] (Po--267593) . County undetermined: Bird s.n. [Sum- mer, 1933] (Dp--2925); A. W. Chapman s.n. [Florida] (Pa, Pr, Pr, Pr); Fell s.n. [1873] (Pr); Herb. Un Univ. V Vermont s.n. (Vt); A Pp. Garber s.n. [1877; Herb. Marie-Victorin ]3h52] (Vi); La Force sen. [Lake Findlay, April 2), 1921] (Al); Lighthive s.n. [St. Nicholas, May h, 1896] (S); I. S. Smith s.n. [May 189] (Ob— 58173) ;' Van Hyning Hyning s.n. [Paradise, April 3, 192] (Ob--23919). ALABAMA: Baldwin Co.: © C. T. Mohr sen. [June 1), 1880] (Du-- 76748). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: He Cc. Beardslee Se n. ["Painesville, Ohio"] (Ob--23923); A. W. Chapman Son. [South- ern Flora] (Ms, Pr); D. N. Dean s.n. (Ms); Herb. L. L. H. H. Bailey sen. (Ba). SYNGONANTHUS FLAVIPES Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30465 (N--type, Ve--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS FUSCESCENS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Sena 14569 [Mac- bride photos 10685] (N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS GLANDULIFER Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mendes Magalh&es 4,336 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 5168] (N); Silveira Br) [Herb. Marie-Victorin 1229] (N--photo of isotype, Vi-—isotype, Z--photo of isotype). SYNGONANTHUS GLANDULOSUS Gleason The species has been collected at 1520 meters altitude in Venezuela, blooming in September. Steyermark reports the common name of "guanak" for it and states that the natives boil the en- tire plant for the treatment of toothache. The Rombouts collec- tion cited below was identified as S. caulescens by Uittien. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Steyermark 58621 (N, S). SURINAM: Rombouts 556 (N). BRAZIL: Amapa: Black 49-82 49-8256 (N). Amazonas: Luetzelburg - 2090 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 47709] (Ja). SYNGONANTHUS GOYAZENSIS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: G. Gardner 38) [Macbride photos 10696] (N--photo of type, S--isotype); Glaziou ou 22310 (Br, N, S). Minas Geraes: J. E. Oliveira 116 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Hida: Hotta 92601).-(NyS 2” SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Literature: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 578 (181); Plantae Hassler- ianae 11: 256 (1903); Malme, Phanerogamen 9 (1933); Luetzelburg, 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 317 Estudo Bot4nico do Nordéste 3: 19 & 151 (1923). Kunth cites the synonymous Eriocaulon gracile Bong, to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 63, with an unpublished plate 6, the type having been collected in dry shady places on Mount Itacolumi. Other syn onyms are Paepalanthus eriophyllus Mart. and Syngonanthus erio- phyllus (Mart.) Ruhl., of which Wullschlu%gel 762 is the type. Luetzelburg records S. gracilis from Brejo do Correiro in southern Piauhy, where he says it is typical of the carrasco and frequent in the brejo. It has been collected at altitudes from 450 meters in Colombia to 1980 meters in Yenezuela, blooming in February, August, September, October, and November. It is found in wet depressions among sand-dunes, in moist depressions in llanos, on large mesas, and locally frequent in moist sand among rocks, Steyermark 59196 and 62719 were originally identified as this species, too, “put - prove to be S. biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason instead. Cuatrecasas O97, originally distributed as S. gracilis, is actually the type collection of S. vaupesanus Moldenke. The Spruce 1502 specimen cited below is very immature and does not match well other material of this species. Speci- mens of Maguire 29267 are said to be also in the Belém, Kew, Chicago Natural History Museum, and United States National Muse- um herbaria. Some specimens of this species have been mis—ideitified as Eriocaulon filiforme Bong. The several varieties proposed by Herzog, Ruhland, and Sil- veira are poorly defined and need critical study. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Méta: Sosa 788) (N); F. We Att 1427 (E--844006, F--)85393) . Vaupés: H. He Allen 3184 (E); R. E. Schultes 5443 (W--20481)9), 5837 ire WE VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire 29267 (N (N, Ve); Steyermark 58162 (N), 58197 (N). Bolfvar: Lasser 1738 (N), 1803 (N, W--1901899). BRITISH GUIANA: Maguire & e & Fanshawe 23180 (N (N), 23181 (N), 232h5 (N), 23246 (N); A. Ce . Smith 2173, in. in part (S). SURINAM: Lanjouw & Lindeman 128 (N), 3013 (N); Moldenke & Moldenke 19580 (Es, Le, Mg, N, No, Ot, Sm); Wullschl¥gel 762 2 (Br, N). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 20687 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7711] (Ja), 20938 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 47710] (Ja), 2100 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7719] (Ja), 21289 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 47714] (Ja); Spruce 1502 (S). Minas Geraes: P. Clausen 7 (Br), Lh (Br, N), 16h (Br), 206 (Br), s.n. [Aug.-April 180] (Br); Ta Magalhfes 38 (Herb. Jard., Bot. Belo Horiz. 34280] (N). ard: Black 18-3526 (Be--38012), 50-8688, in part (N); Murga Jy 1271 (Be--3705); Sioli s.n. [Herb. Inst. Agron. Norte 29156] (N). Rio Branco: Black 51-12593 (N), 51-13202 (N), 51-13766 (N). Santa Catharina: Reitz 4735 (Z). State undetermin- ed: G. Gardner 5281 (N). URUGUAY: Rosengurtt B.1103 (W--169),991). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. AMAZONICUS Ruhl. The specimen cited by Ruhland from "Marajo" is from Marajo Is- 318 Pheer OFLAONG er ck Vol. h, no. 5 land, Pard4, Brazil. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Murca Pires & Black 2396 (N). Maranh%o: Murga Pires & Black 2537 (N). Mattogrosso: Lind- man A.3277 (S, S). Par4: Burchell 8911 (Br--cotype, E--photo of cotype, pe, F--photo of cotype, N--cotype, N--photo of cotype, Z-- photo of cotype). Rio Branco: Black 112561 (N). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. AUREUS Ruhl. This trinomial was originally published as S. gracilis var. aurea Ruhl. It is written in the same way in Plantae Hasslerian- ae 11: 256 (1903). The New York Botanical Garden's sheet of Malme 1653 is mixed with Xyris sp. It was originally identified as var. olivaceus Ruhl., while Glaziou 15680 was distributed as var. glabriusculus Ruhl. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Falcén: A. Hern4ndez 19 (Herb. Nac. Venez. 1871] (N, Ve). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Black 18- 3039 (Be--369)1, N); T. Guedes 76 (Be--l3299); Ule 7665 7665 (S). Goyaz: Burchell 7177 (Br--cotype, T--cotype); Macedo 3333 (N), 3355 (N). Mattogrosso: Malme 1576 (S, S), 1653 (N, S), 1653b (S)ic 3507 (S). Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5270 [ Flees Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 9126] (Ja--cotype, N--cotype, S--cotype); Glaziou 15680 (Br--cotype, N--cotype). Piauhy: G. Gardner 278 bis (N). SHo Paulo: L. Riedel 330) (N). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. GLABRIUSCULUS Ruhl. This trinomial was originally published by Ruhland as S. gracilis var. glabriuscula. ‘a The variety is described as having white flowers, found in the Vellozia association, and frequent on open banks, at alti- tudes of 200 to 1980 meters, blooming in January, August, Septem ber, and December. Specimens of Maguire & Politi 27917 are said also to be in the Belém, Kew, Chicago, and Washington herbaria. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 3071) (N); Maguire & Politi 27917 (N, Ve); Steyermark 5780 ( (N), ), 5818) (N, S). BRAZIL: Bahia: Martius 1083 (M--cotype). Minas Geraes: st Ps Clausen s.n. [180] (S); Glaziou u 17308 (Br), s.n. (N); Ule 2721 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 4775k) (Ja, N). S#o Paulo: Lofgren 1108 (Ss). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. HIRTELLUS (Steud.) Ruhl. Steyermark 5781), originally identified as this variety, is actually S. ‘simplex (Miq.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Weddell 2136 (Br--co- type, E--photo of cotype, F--photo of cotype, N--photo of co- type, Z--photo of cotype); J. E. Pohl s.n, [Lagem] (Br--cotype, E--photo of cotype, F--photo of cotype, N--cotype, N--photo of cotype, Z--photo of cotype). Maranh%o: Murga Pires 2266 (N); Murga Pires & Black 2249 (N), 2251 (N), “2266 (N). Pard: Murga Pires & Silva 20h (N).— cma 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 319 SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. KOERNICKEANUS Ruhl. Synonyms include Limnoxeranthemum pubescens Salz., of which the Salzmann specimen cited below is probably the type, Paepal- anthus filiformis var. minor Mart., of which the Clausen & Riedel specimen cited below is probably the type, and Syngonanthus eri- ophyllus var. glandulifera Ruhl., of which Wullschlugel 763 is the type. The Brussels sheet of Weddell 552, cited below, was originally identified as Paepalanthus brizoides Kunth. The variety has been collected in anthesis in August & April. Additional citations: SURINAM: Wullschlagel 763 (Br, E--photo, F--photo, N, N—-photo, Z--photo). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 21003 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 47718] (Ja, N), 21132 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 47712] (Ja, N, S), 21150 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7708] (Ja, N), 21156 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 14,7689] (Ja, N). Bahia: Salzmann s.n. (E). Goyaz: Burehell 6917 (Br). Maranhfo: Murga Pires & Black 2198 (N). Minas Geraes: Clausen & Riedel s.n. [Caxoeira do Campo, April 1839] (Br); L. Riedel 230 (N--photo of cotype, S—-cotype, Z—-photo of cotype). Par4: Murca Pires & Silva 263 (N); Spruce s.n. [prope Santarem, Aug. 1550] (S). Rio de Janeiro: Weddell 552 [3h] (Br, N—photo, Z—-photo). S#o Paulo: L. Riedel 557 (M—-cotype, N-—photo of co- type, S--cotype, S--cotype, Z—photo of cotype). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. LUETZELBURGII Herzog This variety is recorded by Luetzelburg in his Estudo Botan- ico do Nordéste 3: 149 & 151 (1923) from Vao do Faria, in south- ern Piauhy, where it is said to be typical of the carrasco,. SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. OLIVACEUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Spruce 1502 (S). Goyaz: J. E. Pohl s.n. [ad Rio Riachao, 1839] (Br—cotype, N— cotype, N--photo of cotype, Z—photo of cotype). Minas Geraes: Widgren 9 (S—cotype), 826 (S—cotype), s.n. (1845] (N—cotype, S—cotype), s.n. (S—cotype). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. PALLIDUS Ruhl. This trinomial was originally published by Ruhland as S. grac- ilis var. pallida. Saye The plant has been collected at 320 meters altitude, blooming in November. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Méta: Cuatrecasas 788) (W— 1796748) . Suh Te AO SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. SETACEUS Ruhl. A synonym is Paepalanthus oxycnemis Mart., of which the Luschnath specimen cited below is probably type. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Luschnath s.n. [Campos bravos, 183] (Br, N). Main ks took SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. TENUISSIMUS Ruhl. 320 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 5 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Regnell III.1266 (N--cotype, N--photo of cotype, S--cotype, S--cotype, Z—-photo of cotype), III.1801 (S—cotype, S—-cotype). SYNGONANTHUS HABROPHYUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Federal District: Brade 1100) [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 26708] (Ja, N). Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 8905 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 25851] (N, N); Sampaio 6704 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 12232] (N, S). Rio de Janeiro: ~Glaziou 6449 [Macbride photos 10687] (N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS HELMINTHORRHIZUS (Mart.) Ruhl. Synonyms include Paepalanthus helminthorrhizus Mart., P. hel- minthorrhizus var. a Korn., P. helminthorrhizus var. p Korn., Syngonanthus glandulosa Herzog, and S. glandulosus Herzog (not Gleason). The Brade 6585, of which a photograph is cited below, is said to be deposited in the Munich herbarium. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Glaziou 22313 (Br, S); Macedo 1903 (N), 3341 (N); J. E. Pohl 3302 (Br). Mattogrosso: Solos Solos 21 [. [Herb. Inst. Biol. S. Paulo 2752] (N). Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 526 [Macbride photos 10688] (N--photo); Mello Bar- reto 9195 (Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 2791] (N). So Paulo: Brade 6585 [Macbride photos 1873] (N--photo), s.n. [Herb. Inst. Biol. S. Paulo 6585] (N); Burchell 5206 (Br); W. [, Hoehne 1868 (N); Moldenke & Moldenke 19642 (Es, Lg, Mg, Mr, N, No, Ot, S, Sm), 19902 (Es, F, Lg, Mg, Mr, N, No, Ot, 8S, sm) 5 L. Riedel 2202 (M--cotype, anaes of cotype, $—cotype, pe TN oe of cotype). PARAGUAY: Hassler 11427 (S). SYNGONANTHUS HETEROPEPLOIDES Herzog The species has been collected at an altitude of 200 meters in Venezuela, blooming in August. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark 578)8_ (N, S). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 21991 [Macbride photos _ 18745] (N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS HETEROTRICHUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 379 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 1237] (N--photo of isotype, Vi--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS HUBERI Ruhl. The species is mentioned in Gleason's Tyler Duida Report, page 327 (1931). The specimen cited by Silveira from "Marajo" is from Marajo Island, Par4, Brazil. The species is described as a submerged plant, found at altitudes of 220 to 320 meters, bloom- ing in September and November. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Méta: Cuatrecasas 7879 (N, W--1774231), 7886, in part (N); Triana 1023.3 (Hn). Vaupés: Cuatrecasas "6982 (N, N); P. He Allen 3 32lla Tia (W—-195197h) . BRITISH 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 321 GUIANA: A. C. Smith 2112 (S). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 22160 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7736] (Ja), 2218) [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7737] (Ja), 23739 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro ),7682] (Ja), 23760 & 23761 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 47657] (Ja, N). Par&: Huber 173 [Macbride photos 10689] (N— photo of type); Sampaio 5160 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 18739] (Ja, N), 5460a [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 1870] (Ja, N). SYNGONANTHUS HUMBERTI Moldenke The species is found in forests and on the edges of lakes, at altitudes of 860 to 1600 meters, blooming in January, August, and October. SYNGONANTHUS HUMBOLDTII (Kunth) Ruhl. A synonym is Paepalanthus humboldtii Kunth. Specimens are sometimes mis-identified as P. fasciculatus (Rottb.) Ktrn. The species has been collected at 270 meters altitude, blooming in November. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Cuatrecasas 7693 (N, N); Idrobo & Schultes 657 (W-—-2029520). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. [Herb. Willdenow 2375; Macbride photos 10664] (N--photo of type). Bolfvar: Lasser 1762 (N). SYNGONANTHUS HUMBOLDTII var. ELONGATUS Moldenke Isotypes are said to be deposited also in the Kew, Chicago, and Washington herbaria. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30558 (N--type, Ve--isotype). im SYNGONANTHUS HUMBOLDTII var. GLANDULOSUS Gleason This plant is said to be the dominant savanna herb in wet savannas northwest of the base of Cerro Moriche, Amazonas, Ven- ezuela, It has been collected at altitudes of 100 to 1100 meters and in anthesis in January and August. It has been mis-—identi- fied as Paepalanthus humboldtianus Kunth, Syngonanthus humboldt- ii (Kunth) Ruhl., and S. verticillatus (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional Specimens of Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30985 are said to be in the Chicago and Washington herbaria. The original collection is Tate 1308, from Amazonas, Venezuela. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Holt & Gehriger 234 (Cm, N, Ve); Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30985 (N, Ve); Stey- ermark 57857 (N, S). Bolfvar: Cardona 267 (Ve). State undeter— mined: Herb. Nac. Venez. s.n. (Ve). SYNGONANTHUS HUMBOLDTII var. MACROCEPHALUS Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire & Politi 322 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 5 27649 (N--type), 27796 (N, Ve). SYNGONANTHUS HOMBOLDTIT var. ORINOCENSIS Moldenke Additional isotypes are said to be in the Belém, Chicago, Kew, and Washington herbaria. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: B. Maguire 2930 (N--type, Ve--isotype) . = SYNGONANTHUS HYGROTRICHUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Glaziou 19998 [Macbride photos 10690] (Br--cotype, N--cotype, N--photo of co- type); Schwacke 879 (Herb. Magalh%es Gomes 296; Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 26669] (N--cotype). SYNGONANTHUS IMBRICATUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Specimens of this species have been mis—identified as S. eburneus (K&rn.) Ruhl. TAT Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 958 (M, S), s. n. [Macbride photos 1876] (N--photo of isotyp eon RE SYNGONANTHUS INSULARIS Moldenke Alain in Contrib. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Coleg. La Salle 7: 7, 105, & 115 (196) states that this species is endemic to the region of white siliceous sands and moist places in the savannas at Los Indios on the Isle of Pines. It has been collected in an- thesis in February and has been mis-identified as S. lagopodioi- des (Griseb.) Ruhl.; in fact, Ekman 12095 is a mixture with mat- erial of that species. Additional citations: ISLA DE PINOS: Britton, Britton, & Wil- son 1162 (Cm--isotype, S--isotype); Carabia 3156 (Cr, N);_ Ekman 12095, in part (S), 12522 (I, S); Leén 17521 (N); Leén & Seifriz 17521 (Ha). SYNGONANTHUS INUNDATUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: L. Riedel 275 [Macbride photos 10691] (N--photo of type, S--isotype). State undetermined: Herb. Rio’ de Janeiro s.n. (Ja). SYNGONANTHUS KEGELIANUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: SURINAM: Kegel s.n. [Macbride photos 25170] (N--photo of isotype). SYNGONANTHUS KUHLMANNII Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: J. G. Kuhlmann 1635 (Herb. Com. Linhas Teleg. Estrat. 1635; Herb. Rio de’ Janei- ro 47666] (Ja--type, N--isotype) . SYNGONANTHUS LAGOPODIOIDES (Griseb.) Ruhl. The species inhabits sandy savannas and has been collected in anthesis also in January, February, April, and December. Speci- mens have been mis-identified as S. wilsoni Moldenke. Acufla 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 323 1490) and 14907 are anomalous in having leaves ) to 6 cm. long. The type collection is a mixture with Eriocaulon fuliginosum C. Wright, while Ekman 12095 is a mixture with Syngonanthus insu- laris Moldenke. toe Additional citations: CUBA: Las Villas: Ekman 17105 (S). Pin- ar del Rfo: Acuffa 1490) (Es), 14905 (Es), 14906 (Es), 14907 (Es), 14908 (Es); C. F. Baker 2096 (Es, Po—-185870); Carabia 739 (Cr, N), 742 (Cr, N), 743 (Cr, N), 7uh (Cr, N), 3021 (Cr, N); Ekman 17254 (S), 17906 (S), 10823 (I, S), 11035a (S), 11035b (Ss), T1061 (S), 111L5 (Ss); Leém 15359 (N, N), 15421 (N, N), 1743h (N), 17438b (N); Leén & Alain 19406 (N), 19481 (N); Leén & Alain Jos- eph 17795 (N); Leén, Moldenke, Acufla, & Alain 23102 (N), 23403 (N), 23405, in part (N), 23406 (N), 23407 (N); Leén & Roca 6930 (Ha); Ledn & Victorin 2080 (Ha); Moldenke & Moldenke 19872 (Es, Lg, N, Ot, Sm), 19875 (N), 19878 (Es, F, Le, Ng, Mr, N, N, No, Ot, S, Sm), 19916 (N), 19917 (N), 19918 (Es, Lg, N, Ot, Sm), 19920 (N), 19922 (Es, Lg, N, Sm), 19923 (N), 1992) (Es, Lg, N, Sm), 19926 (Es, Le, Mg, Mr, N, No, Ot, S, Sm), 19927 (Es, Le, N), 19929 (Es, Lg, Mg, N, Ot, Sm), 19930 (Es, Le, N, Sm), 19931 (Es, Lg, Mg, Mr, N, No, Ot, Sm), 19932 (N), 19933 (N); Moldenke, Moldenke, Leén, Alain, & Acufla 15273.(Es), 1527) (Es); Roig & Acufia 12936 (Es); C. Wright 3237, in part (Pa--isotype, S—-iso- type, S--isotype). ISIA DE PINOS: Alain & Killip 2116 (z), 2187 (W--19595h2), 2199a (W--19595l3), 2202 (W--19595L); Britton, Britton, & Wilson 14223 (Cm), 15787 (Cm), 15789 (Cm); Britton, Wilson, & Leén 6049 (Ha); Carabia 997 (Cr, N), 1082 (Cr, N), 1189 (Cr, N), 3933 (Cr, N); Ekman 11765 (S), 11942 (S), 1197 (S), 12016 (S), 12071 (S), 12095, in part (S), 12192 (S), 12973 (S); Leén 6049 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 20278] (Vi), 17506 (N), 1753 (N); Leén, Alban, & Killip 1702) (Ha); Leén & Seifriz 17506 (Ha); Victorin & Alain 69 (Ha). SYNGONANTHUS LARICIFOLIUS (Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Archer & Mello Barreto 930 [{Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 17512] (N); Glaziou 19981 (N); J. E. de Oliveira s.n. [13-VII-90] (Be--1907); Schwacke 896 [Herb. MagalhZes Gomes 2983; Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 26636] (N). SYNGONANTHUS LEONII Moldenke Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Leén & Alain 19491 (Ha--isotype, N--type), 1996 (Ha, N). SYNGONANTHUS LINEARIS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Magalhfes 1367 (Macbride photos 10692] (N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS LLANORUM Ruhl. 32h Pe ey Om Or Gees Vol. h, no. 5 Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Méta: F. W. Pennell 1430 (E-- 8007, N). Santander del Norte: Karsten s.n. [Macbride photos 29992] (N--photo of type). VENEZUELA: Gu4rico: Lasser 146 (iW 1878267) . SYNGONANTHUS LONGIPES Gleason The species is described as an annual to 1 meter tall, occas- ional in little wet savannas, growing at altitudes of 150 to 1220 meters, blooming in January and September. An additional specimen of Maguire, Cawan, & Wurdack 30983 is said to be in the Washington herbarium. The | species is known also by Tate 1329 from Bolfvar, Venezuela, and by Appun 1199, ImThurn 33, and Schomburgk 1060 from Mount Roraima, British Guiana. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30983 (N, Ve). Bolivar: Cardona 52 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 18197] (Ve), 220 (Ve), 844 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 1896] (Ve); Stey- ermark 60304 (F=-1209387, F--1209388, N). BRAZIL: Guaporé: Cordeiro & S & Silva 278 (N). SYNGONANTHUS LUNDELLIANUS Moldenke A synonym is Eriocaulon lundellianus Moldenke, in herb, The type collection is a mixture with a species of Xyris. Additional citations: BRITISH HONDURAS: O'Neill 11 8546 (It-- isotype). SYNGONANTHUS MACROCAULON Ruhl. The specimen cited by Silveira from "Cunani" is from Paré, Brazil. The species is found in water of small streams in dense forests at altitudes of 20 to 500 meters, blooming in January and March. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Méta: André 113 (N); Killip 34259 (N, S). BRAZIL: Amapa: Black 9-893 (N); Murga Pires & Silva 206 (N). SYNGONANTHUS MARGINATUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 8930 [Herb. Jard., Bot. Belo Horiz. 25939] (N). SYNGONANTHUS MENDESII Moldenke Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mendes Magalh#es ),339 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 5173] (N--type). SYNGONANTHUS MINUTULUS (Steud.) Moldenke A synonym is Eriocaulon minutulum Steud., Syn. Pl. Cyp. 2: 270 (1855). The species has been mis-identified as S. pusillus (Bong.) Ruhl., a synonym. Kunth in his Enum, Pl. 3: 577 (10u1) cites Eriocaulon pusillum Bong., the name-bringing synonym, to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 634, with an apparently unpublished plate 29. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 519 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 325 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 1232] (N--photo, Vi). SYNGONANTHUS NANUS Moldenke Citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Ceccatto Sm. [Herb. Mus. Parana. 3230] (N--type). SYNGONANTHUS NITENS (Bong.) Ruhl. Malme mentions this species in his Phanerogamen 3: 9 (1933). Luetzelburg in his Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 149 & 151 (1923) records it from Rio Preto and Rio das Femeas in eastern Bahia, where he says it is typical of the carrasco and frequent in the brejo. A synonym is Psilocephalus nitens Kunth ex V. A. Pouls., Vidensk. Meddel. Kjgbenhavn 1888: 343 (1888). The disposition of the material cited below is very unsatis- factory. Probably several varieties are represented, but the proposed varieties proposed by Ktrnicke and Ruhland do not seem to be very clear-cut. The extra long-peduncled specimens may represent a separate species, named Paepalanthus longiscapus V. A. Poulson tentatively by Poulson and typified by Mosén 762 (as compared to Mosén 763 which Poulson regards as typical | S. nitens. Riedel 2305 and Weddell 2uhe also have short peduncles and so does Martius 895. Most of the rest of the material here cited has long peduncles. The Gardner 2965, Macedo 3353, Stephan s.n., and Swallen 9611 have been regarded by some as representing var. filiformis, while Hassler 9430 has been called S. gracilis Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Luetzelburg 1133 ( (N); Weddell 22 (N, N). Mattogrosso: Swallen 9611 ay eae Minas Geraes: Burchell 576) (Br); Macedo 3353 (N); Mendes Magalh%es 16 [Herb. dard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 34293] (N); Mosén 762 (S), 763 @gis)s Regnell III.1802 (S); L. Riedel 295 (S--isotype); Stephan SMe (WN); UL Ule s.n. [Uberaba, |, VI/1892; Herb. Rio Janeiro 47724] (Ja). Parand: Dusén 10487 (S). S#o Paulo: Brade 5531 (S); Burchell 5208 (Br); F. C. Hoehne 6591 (N); LUfgren 367 (S); L. Riedel 2305 (M, S). State undetermined: G. Gardner 296) (N), 2965 (N); Martius 895 (M). PARAGUAY: Hassler xr 9430 ene ye SYNGONANTHUS NITENS var. ERECTUS Ruhl. This trinomial is given as S. nitens var. erecta Ruhl. by Malme in his Phanerogamen 3: 10 (1933) and by Ruhland himself in the original publication. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Burchell 783 (Br—- cotype); Glaziou 22307 (Br--cotype, E--photo of cotype, F-—-photo of cotype, N--cotype, | N--photo of cotype, S--cotype, S--cotype, Z--photo of cotype); Weddell 2139 (Br), 22 (Br). Mattogrosso: Weddell 3340 (Br), 3385 (Br). SYNGONANTHUS NITENS var. FILIFORMIS (Bong.) Ruhl. The basinym, Eriocaulon filiforme Bong., is cited by Kunth in his Enum, Pl. 3: 577 (181) to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 63h, with an 326 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 5 apparently unpublished plate 53, the type from Serra da Lapa. Other synonyms are Paepalanthus lamprocephalus Mart. and P, lam- procephalum Mart., of which the type is Clausen 13 [Herb. Marti- us 595] and P. filiformis Ktrn. Several of the specimens cited below were originally identified as S. gracilis (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Other specimens identified as var. filiformis are, I believe, better regarded as typical S. nitens and var. koernickei and. are herein cited under those entities. The type collection of var, filiformis is short-peduncled. The variety is listed by Malme in his Phanerogamen 3: 10 (1933). It has been collected in anthesis in August and September. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Weddell 238) (Br). Matto- grosso: Malme 1927 (S), 1969a, in part (S S), 1969b, in part (S), 1969¢ (S). Minas las Geraes: Clausen 13 [Herb. Martius 895] (Br, E-- photo, F=-photo, N--photo, Z—-photo); L. Riedel 1032 (Br-—iso- type, N--photo of isotype, S--isotype, “Z-=photo of isotype), s.n. [ad Barbacena] (Br). State undetermined: Collector undesignated _ 210 (Br); Sellow s.n. [Brasilia] (Br); Stephan s.n. [Congonhas do Campo, 18)3] (Br). PARAGUAY: Rojas 6270 Era SYNGONANTHUS NITENS var. HIRTULUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Glaziou 2230 [Macbride photos 22290] (Br--cotype, Kr--photo of cotype, N--cotype, N-- photo of cotype), 22306 (Br--cotype). SYNGONANTHUS NITENS var. KOERNICKEI Ruhl. Several of the specimens cited below were originally identi- fied as var. filiformis (Bong.) Ruhl. or as S. gracilis Ruhl. or as S. gracilis var. aurea Ruhl. The two Dusén collections are short-peduncled. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5279 (N-—-cotype); Mello Barreto 2550 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 8241] (N); 2583 (Herb. Jar Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 8285] (N); Mendes yecenfes U3h9- [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 45199] (N); Weddell (Br--cotype, E--photo of cotype, F--photo of cotype, a 2, of cotype, Z--photo of cotype). Paran4: Dusén 2517 (Ss), 7208 (S). PARAGUAY: Hassler 4671 (S), 9436 (S), 94366 (S). SYNGONANTHUS NITENS f. MALMII Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: Malme 1966a (N-- fragment of type, N--photo of type, S--type, Z—photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS NITENS f. PILOSUS Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: Malme 1966 (N—— fragment of type, N--photo of type, S-type, Z--photo of type), 1969 (S), 1969a, in part (S), 1969b, in part (S). SYNGONANTHUS NIVEUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Several collections originally distributed as this species have proved to be var. rosulatus (Ktrn.) Moldenke, S. elegans 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 327 (Ktrn.) Ruhl., or S. elegantulus Ruhl. It has been collected in anthesis in May. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Federal District: Brade 10987 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 26707] (Ja). Minas Geraes: Glaziou 16395 (E--photo, F--photo, N, N—photo, Z--photo), 16398, in part (Br); Ule 2723 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 47757) (Ja). State undetermined: Collector undesignated 207 [Caxoeira do Campo, Maio '39] (Br). SYNGONANTHUS NIVEUS var. ROSULATUS (Ktrn.) Moldenke Many of the specimens cited below had been originally deter- mined as S. niveus (Bong.) Ruhl.; the Clausen sheet was labeled as Eriocaulon niveum Bong. onal Citations: BRAZIL:. Minas Geraes: P. Clausen s.n. (Br); Mendes Magalh%es 2097 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 1296] (N), 2134 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 2660] (N); Mexia 573h (Gg--200183, M1, N, S, Ug); Weddell 189) (Br); Wied-Neuwied s.n. [Rio Belmonte] (Br--cotype). Rio de Janeiro: Glaziou 64L9 (S)5 Luschnath s.n. [Herb. Martius 1087] (T--cotype); L. Riedel 539 (S), 559 (M--cotype), s.n. [Brasilia] (Br). S%o Paulo: Regnell III.1265 (S, S). State undetermined: Herb. A. Gray s.n. (T). SYNGONANTHUS OBLONGUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Cuatrecasas 6951, originally identified as, this species, proves to be S. caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. instead. The Murga Pir- es 739 cited below was originally identified as vae. aequinoc— tialis Ruhl. Additional specimens of Maguire & Maguire 29158 and of Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 29630 are said to be in the Kew and Washington (former) and Chicago and Washington (latter) herbaria. The species is described as having pale-green leaves and white flower-heads and to be found at the base of waterfalls and oc- casional in moist places among rocks, at altitudes of from 200 to 1300 meters, blooming in April, October, and November. It is recorded by Luetzelburg in his Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 149 & 151 (1923) from S%o Bento das Lagos, in eastern Bahia,and is said to be typical of the carrasco there. Whether the so-called var. aequinoctialis is really distinct or not is questionable. The characters given by Ruhland do not seem to be constant, but the typical form of the species does seem to have plainly villous flower-heads, while the variety has them subglabrous. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Garcia-—Barriga 13716 (W--2058380). Vaupés: Cuatrecasas 7158 (N, N); R. E. Schultes 5823 (N, Ug), 5837b (N). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 29630 (N, Ve); Maguire & Maguire 29158 (N, Ve). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Black )8-2621 (Be——-33356); Frées 25305 (N); Murga Pires 739 (N), Sen. [Rio Icana, Tunuf, 1947] (Be—-30620); Spruce 2578 (N). Mattogrosso: J. G. Kuhlmann 1631 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro ),7665] (Ja). Piauhy: G. Gardner 2962 [Macbride photos 10693] (N--isotype, N--photo of type). 328 POH TIONE OoGvara Vol. h, no. 5 SYNGONANTHUS OBLONGUS f. ABBREVIATUS Herzog The form is recorded (as "f. abbreviata") by Luetzelburg in his Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 149 & 151 (1923) from Rangel, southern Piauhy, where it is said to be typical of the brejo. SYNGONANTHUS OBLONGUS var. AEQUINOCTIALIS Ruhl. The Murga Pires 739 originally identified as this variety seems, rather, to represent the typical form of the species. See under S. oblongus for a note about the validity of this variety. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 23907 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7730] (Ja, N), 23938 & 2395 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7733] (Ja, N); Spruce 2578 [Mac- bride photos 22291] (Br--isotype, N-——photo of isoty. isotype, S S--iso- type, S--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS ONEILLII Moldenke The species apparently grows in association with S. hondur- ensi.s Moldenke since the two were originally mixed by Lundell under his no. 853 -—- the S. oneillii material here being re- garded as no. 85l3a. The name is sometimes written "Syngonanthus O'Neillii", but was not originally published thus. ——faditional citations: BRITISH HONDURAS: O'Neill 858 (Au-- isotype, Au--isotype, Ba--isotype, Cm--isotype, ype, Gg—276716—-iso- type, Mb--isotype, N—--isotype), 8519 (Ba, Ge--276715, I, Mi, N, N). SYNGONANTHUS PAEPALOPHYLLUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Silveira 522 [Herb, Marie-Victorin 12)36] (N--photo of isotype, Vi--isotype) . SYNGONANTHUS PARAENSIS Ruhl, Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: J. T. Baldwin 3231 (N), 3479 (N), 3546 (Be--320h0); Black 48-2578 (. (Be--33313) 5 Murga Pir Pires 22 (Be--28380, N). Pard: Spruce s.n. [fl. Aripecu- ru, Dec. 1049; Macbride photos 1877] (N--isotype, N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS PAUPER Ruhl. The Mello Barreto collection cited below was originally dis- tributed as S. habrophyus Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 4794 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 1753k] (N); Sena Sena 11557 [Mac- bride photos 1069] (N--photo of type); Silveira a 540 [Her (Herb. Marie-Victorin 15835] (N--photo, Vi). SYNGONANTHUS PERUVIANUS Ruhl. The Macbride photograph is erroneously numbered "19b" on its accompanying label. Additional citations: PERU: San Martin: Stubel 196 [Macbride 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 329 photos 10695] (N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS PHELPSAE Moldenke Additional specimens of the type collection are said to be in the Caracas, Chicago, and Kew herbaria. The species is frequent in sphagnum hummocks in wet shrubby savannas, blooming in Decem- ber, at altitudes of 500 feet. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Phelps, Hitchcock, & Budowski 31707 (N--type, W--isotype) ; Maguire & & Politi 2758 (N, Ve), 27697 (N, Ve). SYNGONANTHUS PHELPSAE var. ELONGATUS Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cowan & Wurdack 31098 (N--type, Ve--isotype) . SYNGONANTHUS PHILODICOIDES (Ktrn.) Ruhl. This binomial is sometimes mis-spelled "Paepalanthus philode- coides Koern." Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Weddell 2080 (Br—cotype, N--photo of cotype, Z--photo of cotype), 2126 (Br--cotype, E-- photo of cotype, F—photo of cotype, N--cotype, N--photo of co- type, Z—photo of cotype). SYNGONANTHUS PITTIERI Moldenke The original publication is in Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 27: 269 (190). The species is found in savannas at altitudes of 700 to 1100 meters, blooming in March. Additional citations: PANAMA: Chiriquf: H. Pittier 3316 (N-- photo of type, W-—-677698--type, Z--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS PLANUS Ruhl. The label on the photograph cited below states "Rio de Janei- ro" in error. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Glaziou 11634 [Macbride photos 1163] (N-—-photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS PLUMOSUS Alv. Silv. The specimen cited below was originally distributed as S. lar icifolius (Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 8927 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 25930] (N). SYNGONANTHUS PULCHER (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5265 [Macbride photos 10697 & 25175] (N--photo of isotype, N—photo of isotype); Mello Barreto 25), [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 10690] (N). SYNGONANTHUS RECLINATUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. The species is recorded by Luetzelburg in his Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 149 & 151 (1923) from Morro do Chapéo in central 330 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 5 Bahia, Santa Maria in eastern Bahia, and several localities in eastern Goyaz, where it is said to be typical of the carrasco and frequent in the campinas. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: G. Gardner 388 [Mac- bride photos 10698 & 25176] (N--photo of type, N--photo of iso- type, S--isotype), 3785 (N); Luetzelburg 130° (N); Murca Pires & Black 218 (N). MaranhSo: Murcga Pires & Black 1610a (N), (N), 2259 (nN). A dice dheeeceai SYNGONANTHUS REFLEXUS Gleason The species has been collected at 200 meters altitude, bloom- ing in August. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark 57816 (N, S); Ll. Williams 15068 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 18503] (Ve). BRAZIL: Parf: Sioli s.n. [Herb. Inst. Agron. Norte 29163] (N). SYNGONANTHUS RHIZONEMA Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: SHo Paulo: Glaziou 1328) [Mac- bride photos 10699] (Br--isotype, N--fragment of isotype, N— photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS RUFO-ALBUS Alv. Silv. The specimen cited below was originally identified at S. laricifolius (Gard.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mello Barreto 2517 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 8230] (N). SYNGONANTHUS SAVANNARUM Moldenke The species forms congested rosettes in small tussocks, its heads whitish, and is abundant on otherwise bare ground in sandy areas at about 1200 feet altitude, blooming in September, acc- ording to Sandwith. Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: Appun 1009 (Eye Sand-~ with 1371 (K, N). SYNGONANTHUS SCHLECHTERI Ruhl. A synonym is Paepalanthus schlechteri (Ruhl.) Macbr., Candol- lea 5: 348. 193). SYNGONANTHUS SCHWACKEI Ruhl. } Literature: Moacyr do Amaral Lisboa, Revista do Escola de Minas 8 (April 1951). SYNGONANTHUS SCLEROPHYLLUS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Glaziou 22305 [Macbride photos 10700] (Br--isotype, N--fragment of isotype, N--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS SIMILIS Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Sena 14570 [Mac— bride photos 10701] (N--photo of type). 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 331 SYNGONANTHUS SIMPLEX (Miq.) Ruhl. The species is said to be frequent on white sand on the bor- der of small savannas, at an altitude of 150 meters, blooming in September. The Steyermark collection cited below was originally identified as S. gracilis var. hirtellus (Steud.) Ruhl. Addition- al specimens of Maguire & Politi's collection are said to be in the Chicago, Kew, and Washington herbaria, Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire & Politi 28035 (N, Ve); Steyermark 5781) (N); G. H. H. Tate 248 (N), 300 (N). BRITISH GUIANA: Maguire 23219 (N). SURINAM: Hostmann ig [633] (N—photo of isotype, S--isotype, S--isotype, Z—-photo of isotype). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Murga Pires 737 (N). Goyaz: Murga Pires 2365 (N); Murga Pires & Black 2365 (N). Maranh%o: Murga Pires & & Black 2179 (N). Rio Branco: Black 51-13725 (N). SYNGONANTHUS SPADICEUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. The Stephan collection cited below was originally identified as Paepalanthus vautherianus Kunth. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Stephan s.n. [Con- gonhas do Campo, 183] (Br--isotype, N--isotype); Warming 535 [Macbride photos 22295] (N--photo). “EAL SYNGONANTHUS SQUARROSUS Ruhl. The label on the Macbride photograph says "Glaziou 1550" in error. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Glaziou 1551 [Macbride photos 10702] (Br--isotype, N--fragment of isotype, N— photo of type, Qu--fragment of isotype); Mello Barreto 2576 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 10705] (Nn). SYNGONANTHUS STEYERMARKII Moldenke Citations: VENEZUELA: TAchira: Steyermark 57372 (N-type). SYNGONANTHUS TENUIS (H.B.K.) Ruhl. The species is said to be infrequent in wet places at an al- titude of 125 meters, blooming in December, with ampliate margin al flowers. The Spruce collection cited below was originally distributed as "Paepalanthus tenuis H.B.K." Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Herb. Humboldt s.n. [Macbride photos 10703] (N--photo of type); Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 3073 (N); Spruce 3706 (Br). Bolfvar: Cardona 836 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 18499] (N, Ve). BRAZIL: Amazonas: ae ;& Lépez 10308 (N, W--1997107). Par4: Black 50-8688, in part (N). SYNGONANTHUS TRICOSTATUS Gleason The species is said to be frequent in muddy areas at alti- tudes of 1220 to 2000 meters, blooming in Nevember and February. An additional specimen of the Maguire, Phelps, Hitchcock, & Budowski collection cited below is said to be in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. The species has been collected on Mount Roraima, British Guiana, by R. H. Schomburgk. 332 De re Oy OMG eens Vol. h, no. 5 _ Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: sy Ge Black 22hh (ny). SYNGONANTHUS ULEI Ruhl. The specimen cited by Silveira from "Manaos" is from Amazonas, Brazil. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Frées 2908 (N); Ule 6176 [Macbride photos 1070):] (N-—-photo of type). Pard: Ducke 803 (Ss). SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS (Lam.) Ruhl. The specimen cited by Silveira from "Marajo" is from Marajo Island in Par4, Brazil. Cuatrecasas 6951 was originally identi- fied as S. oblongus (Ktrn.) Ruhl. The Schomburgk specimen was identified as "Paepalanthus umbillatus Kunth". Another synonym is Syngonanthus umbellatus f. latifolius Herzog (originally pub- lished as "f, latifolia"), of which the type is Luetzelburg 21957. The species is found in grass savannas and in rocky soil with white sand, at altitudes of from 200 to 00 meters, bloom- ing from June to September and in December. The West Indian records are so noteworthy that they had bett- er be given in full here: Ekman collected the plants in (1) peat savannas at Sabana de los Geugibres, Matanzas, prov. Duarte, Cordillera catalase August 8, 1930, and (2) in moist sav- anna at El Valle, Sabana de la Mar? prov. Saman4, Cordillera Central, July i, 1930. The second is sterile (H. 15698), but is probably this species. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Eknan H.15698 (S), H.15867 (S). COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Garcia-Barriga & Schultes 1166 (W--2058753). Vaupés: P. H. Allen 3213 (W— 1951976); Cuatrecasas 6951 (N, W--1796729); Gutiérrez Villegas & Schultes 918 18 (It, N). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark 57616 (F— 1205138, N, Wo Sy; Bolfvar: Killip 37355 (W--1855099) . BRITISH GULANA: Abraham 137 (N); C. Be C. B. Clarke sen. [1897] (N); De la Cruz 4013 (D6 (D--603261, N); A A. S S. Hitchcock 169)6 (N, S) 3.0 Jenman aoe Os Maguire & Fanshawe 23252 (N); M. R. Schomburgk 216 3 A. C. Smith 2166 (S). SURINAM: Essed xox (N); Hostmann we (S); K Kappler 592b (S), 592c (S); Magu Maguire re 2,380 (N); Maguire & Stahel 23662 (N (N); Mo: Moldenke & & Moldenke 19577 (B, E Es, F, Fy, Lg, Im, Mg, Mr, N, No, Ot, Rs, S, Sm, Ss), 19578 (Es, Le, ne N, Ot, Sm), 19579. (Es, Es, N); Samuels 23h (N); Wullschlagel 761 (Br), s.n. [Berlyn, eee (Br). FRENCH GUIANA: Martin s.n. [Cayenne] (Br). BRAZIL: Amap&: Black )9-8258 (N); Black & Lobato oe (Z); Frées 2605 (i). Amazonas: Black ),8-30L9 (Be--36951); Guedes 73 (Be--]3296), 7 (Be--3297); Killip & Smith 30081; (n, 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 333 S); Luetzelburg 21957 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7681] (Ja, N--photo, S, Z--photo), 21990 [Herb. lus. Nac, Rio Janeiro 7688] (Ja), 22895, [Hérb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7677] (Ja), 236b) [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 47658] (Ja), 23708 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7696] (Ja); Spruce 2531 (Br). ~Paré: Black 8-327) (Be--37767), 50-8816 (N); Murga Pires 1400 (Be--37 7531, N); Mur Murga Pires & Silva L265 (N). Rio Branco: co: Black 51-1370) (N), 51-1380 (N). SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS var. LIEBMANNIANUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Luetzelburg in his Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 3: 149 & 151 (1923) spells the varietal name "liebmanniana", He records the variety from Campinas de Duro in eastern Goyaz. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: Swallen 9612 (W-- 1903233), 9613 (W--1903234). S#o Paulo: L. Riedel 239 (M--iso- type, S--isotype). State undetermined: Lund | 560 [1 [Macbride photo 22286] (N--photo). SYNGONANTHUS VAUPESANUS Moldenke The type collection was originally identified as S. gracilis (KOrn.) Ruhl. The species is said to grow in rocky soil with white sand, at altitudes of 220 to 00 meters, blooming in Sep- tember and December, the flowers white. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Garcia-Barriga & Schultes 1418 (W--20587)1). Vaupés: P. H. Allen 3169 (W-- 1951961), "3211 (W--1951973) ; Cuatrecasas 6973 (I (It--fragment of type, N--isotype, N--photo of type, W--1796730--type, Z--photo of type). BRAZIL: Goyaz: Murca Pires & Black 217 (N). Para: —— E- SYNGONANTHUS VENEZUELENSIS Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark 5937 (N--type, S-—-isotype). SYNGONANTHUS VENUSTUS Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Souza Brito s.n. (Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 805] (N, S). SYNGONANTHUS VERNONIOIDES (Kunth) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mendes Magalh&es 1087 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 39229] (N); Sellow B.1295 Te. 270] (N--photo of isotype, S--isotype, Z--photo of isotype). SYNGONANTHUS VERNONIOIDES var. CONFUSUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Herb. A. Gray s. n. (T); L. Riedel 541 [5617] (S--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS VERNONIOIDES var. MINOR (Kunth) Ruhl. Based on Kunth's description in his Enum. Pl. 3: 529 (181), the type from the summit of Serra do Santo Antonio 33h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 5 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Sellow 1295 [Mac- bride photos 10705] (Br--isotype, N--fragment of isotype, N—— photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS VERTICILLATUS (Bong.) Ruhl. A synonym is Paepalanthus verticillatus Kunth. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Weddell 2140 {[no. 13] (Br, N--photo, Z--photo). Minas Geraes: G. Gardner er 5263 (N)5 Mendes Magalh&es 337 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 45169] (N); L. Riedel 1033 (S—-isotype), s.n. [Serra da Lapa] (Br--isotype, N--photo of isotype, Z—photo of isotype); Sampaio 669) (S). State undetermined: Glaziou 19979 (Br, C). SYNGONANTHUS WAHLBERGII (Wikstr.) Ruhl. Th. Arwidsson in Bot. Notiser 193: 8) (193k) records this species also from Nigeria, Tanganyika, and the Union of South Africa. It grows at altitudes of 1,800 to 5000 feet. Additional citations: SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Brain 3773 [Govt. Herb. Salisbury 10739] (Rh); Corby 7h [Govt. Herb. Salisbury 20927] (Rh), 133 [Govt. Herb. Salisbury 21586] (Rh), 145 [Govt. Herb. Salisbury 2290] (Rh); F. Eyles 1437 (Rh), 1803 (R (Rh), 3390 (Rh); Herb. Queen Victoria Memorial ial 7038 ( (Rh), Th2 (1 (Rh) ; Rattray 16 (Rh), 68) [Gowt. Herb. Salisbury 13679] (Rh); Stent & Brain sen. [Govt. Herb. Salisbury 6002] (Rh); Wild 154 [Govt. Herb. Salisbury 13727] (Rh), 1551 [Govt. Herb. Salisbury 16096] (F--photo, N, N--photo, Rh, Sg--photo, Z--photo), 2524 [Govt. Herb. Salisbury 20052] (Rh). SYNGONANTHUS WEDDELLII Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: Weddell 2725 (Br--type, N--fragment of type, N--photo of type, Z--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS WIDGRENIANUS (Ktrn.) Ruhl. A synonym of this species is Paepalanthus widgrenianus Ktrn. The species has been collected at altitudes of 1600 meters, blooming in May and December. Brade 5532 was originally identi- fied as S. fischerianus (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: B. Lutz s.n. (Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7748] (Ja); Macedo lo 2751 (N)3 sil- veira 226 [Herb. Marie-Victorin 1235] (Vi); Widgren 5 (S), 100 iss 822- (N--photo of cotype, S—-cotype, S--cotype, Z--photo of cotype), s.n. [Macbride photos 10706] (N--photo, S); Williams & Assis 7248 (S). Paran4: Hatschbach 1138 (N); Mattos 4328 26 (N). S80 Paulo: Brade 5532 [Herb. Inst. Biol. S. Paulo 6582] __ (N), 12228 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 30342] (Ja, S); W. Hoehne 766 3. Eugenio Leite 3901,/s.n. [V. 1950] (N); Moldenke & Moldenke 196k (B, Es, F, Fy, Le, Lm, Mg, Mr, N, No, Ot, Rs, S, Sm, Ss), 19909 (Es, N); L. Riedel s.n. [Taubaté] (S). state uiaobenniaee G. Gardner 2957 (N), 5274 (N). 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 335 SYNGONANTHUS WILSONII Moldenke Alain, in Contrib, Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Coleg. La Salle 7: 105 & 116 (1946), spells the name "S. wilsoni Moldenke". Carabia 741 and 746, originally identified as this species, are actually pubescent forms of S. lagopodioides (Griseb.) Ruhl. The Leén & Roca collection cited below was originally distributed as S. an- drosaceus (Griseb.) Ruhl. The species has been collected in anthesis in December. Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Leén & Roca 7,98 (Ha). ISLA DE PINOS: Alain & Killip 2162 (N); Britton, Britton, & Wilson 15789 (S—-isotype); Carabia 998 (Cr, N); Ekman 12101 (s). SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES (Bong.) Ruhl. Kunth, in his Enum. Pl. 3: 578 (181), cites Eriocaulon xer- anthemoides Bong. to Act. Petrop. 6 (1): 635, with an apparently ‘unpublished plate 0 as illustration, with the type from swampy places in the Serra da Chapada. Another synonym is Paepalanthus xeranthemoides Mart. The species is said to be rather conspicu- ous because of its white flower-heads, growing in swampy areas in llanos, at altitudes of 10 to 150 meters, blooming in April. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Méta: Haught 2740 (N). VENEZ- UELA: Amazonas: Ll. Williams 13857 (W--1832611). State undeter- mined: Herb. Nac. Venez. s.n. (Ve). BRAZIL: Goyaz: G. Gardner 3490(N,S ,W--938120); Weddell 2385 [no. 15] (Br), 296) [no. 21] (Br). Mattogrosso: Lindman A.26L9 (S, S, S); Malme 156 (S, S), 1960a (S), 1960b ‘OF 1960¢ (S). Mynas Geraes: J. Ee }- Pohl 8 De [1839] (Br); L. Riedel s.n. reg Parana: G. JOnsson 38a [Herb. Mus. Parana. ] (N, S). Rio de Janeiro: Luschnath s. n. [Campos Boa Perna, April 183] (Br, N); Martius 561 (M). Sf Paulo:LUfgren 390 (S); L. Riedel 1475 (S). State undetermined: G. Gardner 52 5278 (N); Herb. A. Gray s.n. [Brasil] (T); Weddell 1890 [no. 39; So Francisco de Chagas] (Br). SYNGONANTHUS YACUAMBENSIS Moldenke Citation: ECUADOR: Azuay: Prieto P.197 (N-type). SYNGONANTHUS YAPACANENSIS Moldenke Isotypes are said to be deposited also in the Chicago, Kew, and Washington herbaria. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30782 (N-type, Ve--isotype). TONINA Aubl. Literature: Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guian. Fr. 2: 856. 1775; Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 9h. 18),1; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 147. 1940; B. P. Reko, Bol. *soc. Bot. Mex. hh: 36. 1946. TONINA FLUVIATILIS Aubl. Literature: Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 9). 181; Moldenke, Carnegie ‘ 336 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 5 Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 147—~1)8. 190; Moldenke, Ann, Mo. Bot. Gard, 28: 411, 191; Hodge, “evist. Fac, Nat. Agron. 12.2865 ibe Determinac. Ejemp. Herb. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellin 50. 1949. The synonym Hyphydra amplexicaulis Vahl is listed in Spreng., Syst. 3: 891. Oxher syn synonyms are Tonina triandra Mart., of which the Martius collection cited below is the type, and Erio- caulon amplexicaule Rottb. The Bommer specimen cited below is labeled as from "Guinea", but this must surely be an error for Guiana. The specimen cited by Silveira from "Cunani" is from Paré, Brazil. The species is a medium-sized, slender, aquatic herb, with green flowers, found in mossy forests, swamps, roadside ditches, and among grass about springs. It is said to be occasional in shallow swampy places, abundant in wet soil that is flooded dur- ing the rainy season, and forming mats in open marshy ground along streams, Woodson, in a letter to me dated August 1, 19}1, states that he collected it in the rainy season, but that the stems were tufted, not floating, and not even in a temporary pool. It has been. found at altitudes from sea level to 3,00 meters, blooming in January, February, April, May, July, August, September, October, November, and December. Additional citations: BRITISH HONDURAS: Schipp 693 (S). NIC- ARAGUA: Cabo Gracias a Dios: Lanneberger s.n. [P. 0. 0. Schallert 12168] (H--9663). COSTA RICA: Limén: Dod ge, e, Catt, & Thomas 8070 (S). Puntarenas: H. Pittier 02 (Br), 65 C875 Tar). § San José: Skutch 265 (S), 3891 (N, S). PANAMA: Chiriquf: Woodson & Schery Wee (N). CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Ekman 11120 (s), 11226 (S). Prov- ince undetermined: C. Wright 322 (Pa, S, S).» TRINIDAD: D. We Alexander 5171 (S, 8), Son. [Trin. Bot. hercb Herb. 5171] (R); Britton, Britton, & Mendelson 1069 [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 9539] (R); We Ee . Broadway 2212 (Br), s.n sn. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 5277] ~(R)3 We. G. Freeman SNe [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 8020] (R), son. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 9380] (R), s s.n. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 9578] (R), sen. [January 28, 1920] “(R), sen. [Dec. 3, 1922] (R); Freeman, n, Williams, & Bi earent Son. [frin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 10991] (R); Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 82h (N, R), 1959 (RB), 4,660 (R); Warming 259 (S). COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Archer 334 (Fn—— 319)3 Scolnik, Ar: Araque Molina, & Barkley 1gAnh15 (N). Caldas: F. 5); Guatrecasas asas 21,30 be ea Killip 35273 (N, S); Snatae ern 198] 8 (F—-1302011). Magdalena: Haught ght 2287 87 (N). Méta: Cuatre- casas s_3509 (F--13308)3), 198 (F—-1329928); Galen Smith & . Idrobo 1560 (%—=207795) ; Haught ; 2579 (Ge—-316198, N). Narino: R. Esp inosa 2936 (N). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 16197 (N), 16961 (N), 21039 (F--1359977); Killip & Garcia 33298 (N, S). Depart- ment undetermined: Lehmann B.T. 1189 (N); (N) 5 Moritz sen. [Columbien] (Br, S). VENEZUELA: Anzoategui: H. Pittier 15163 [Herb. Nac. * 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 337 Venez. 1850] (Ve). Bolivar: Steyermark 60953 (N, S). State un- determined: Karsten 9 [Baul, Tlano del Orinoco] (Ve). BRITISH GUIANA: A. S. Hitchcock 16861 (S); Jenman 4667 (Ka); Linder 54 (S); A. C. Smith 2101 (S). SURINAM: Collector undesignated s.n. (Du); Hostmann & Kappler 608 (S); Kuyper 100 (N); Weigelt s.n. [1827] (Br, Gg—-105757, S); Wullschlagel 775 (Br). FRENCH GUIANA: Collector undesignated 222 (Br); Leprieur s.n. [févr. 1835] (Du), S.n. [Cayenne] (Br); Martin s.n, [Cayenne] (Br, Br); L. C. Rich- ard s.n. (Q). ECUADOR: Imbabura: André 3387 (N). PERU: Loreto: Asplund 13933 (S); Ll. Williams 3779 (S). BRAZIL: Amazonas: J. T. Baldwin 3227 (N); Frées 25384 (N); Luetzelburg 21959 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7678] (Ja), 21992 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7687] (Ja), 22896 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7676] (Ja); Spruce s.n. [in vicinibus Barra, Dec.-Mart. 1850-51] (S), sen. [prope Barra, Prov. Rio Negro] (S). Bahia: Don s.n. (S); Glocker 52 (S); L. Riedel 366 (S); Salzmann s.n, [Bahia] (Br). Ceard: Drouet 2558 (S). Mattogrosso: Weddell 326 (Br). Pard: Burchell 968 (Br), 9555 (Br); Drouet 20) (S); Murga Pires & Black 8 (Be--17025); Sampaio 56h), [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 19105] (Ja). Rio de Janeiro: Brade & Santos Lima 11700 [Herb. Nac. Rio Janeiro 26711] (Ja); Rudolphi 42 (S); Sampaio 81,5 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 7654] (Ja). State undetermined: Martius s.n. [Brazil] (S, S); Sellow 909 (S). LOCALITY OF COL- LECTION UNDETERMINED: Dupuis s.n. (S); Herb. Alstroemer s.n. (S); Herb. Bommer s.n. [Guinea] (Br); Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Janei- ro no. prov. II (Ja); Herb. Reichenbach s.n. [Guiana] (Br); Swartz s.n. (S); Herb. Vahl s.n. (S). ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. Literature: Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 492-93. 181; H. H. Rusby, Comparison of English and German Works on the Genera of Plants 7. 1898; Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordéste 147--151. 1923; A. Silveira, Flor. Montium [396]—-20. 1928; Moldenke, North Am, Fl. 19: 17--50. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 309-- 336 & 343. 1939; Moldenke, Carnegié Inst. Wash. Pybl. 522: 139. 190; Chron, Bot. 7: 362--363. 1943; Eyles & Robertson, U. S. Pub. “ealth Bull, 286: 106. 19; M. B. & R. S. Foster, Brazil Orch. Trop. 212. 195; Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata n.s. 6: 311- 322. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 152--153. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 372381. 197; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: )90—1l99. 1948; W. H. & M. B. Duncan, Key Fam. Monocot. Southeast U. S. [2 & 3]. 1919; E. J. Alexander, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 50: 56. 1949; Barkley, Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. liedellin 9 (33): 60. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 1j1--1)); & 178--180. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 321 & 382. 1950; Meikle & Baldwin, Am. Journ. Bot. 39: hh—-l)5. 1952; Santapau, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hyst. Soc. 51: 214. 1952. The Fosters in the book cited above make this interesting comment "If you have ever seen the little thatpins! in the Flor- 338 Po YePoOrd OvG) TAs Vol. 4, no. 5 ida flatwoods and marshlands, you would be quite intrigued to find here in Brazil a "hat pin' in size or shape to fit any style of hat, large or small. The greatest number of species in this family of Eriocaulaceae are native to South America, and Brazil certainly has its share. We ‘had found them in many sections of the high rocky hills, but here seemed to be the greatest variety in one area, These little flowers are collected by the millions and shipped to the States as 'sempervivums', everlasting flowers. They look like miniature strawflowers and are dipped and dyed in many colors to be sold as an artificial decoration." The species to which he refers in the latter part of this quotation is Syn- gonanthus elegans (Ktrn.) Ruhl. BLASTOCAULON Ruhl. A synonym is Blastocaulum Ruhl. ex Alv. Silv., Gl. Mgnt. 27h, sphalm. 1928. BLASTOCAULON ALBIDUM (Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5273 (S—-isotype). BLASTOCAULON RUPESTRE (Gardn.) Ruhl. The Mexia 5780 collection cited below was originally distrib- uted as Paepalanthus minutulus Mart., later re-determined as "Blastocaulon rupestris (Gardn.) Ruhl," A synonym is Syngonanth- us rupestris (Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: G. Gardner 5272 (S—-isotype); Mello Barreto 10129 (N); Mexia 5779 (Gg—285360, N, S), 5780 (D—767072, N, S); Schwacke 8186 6 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 26666; Herb. Nagalhfes Gomes 2962] (N). CARPTOTEPALA INSOLITA Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark 60703 (N-type, S—isotype). COMANTHERA L. B. Sm. Originally published in Contrib. Gray Herb. 117: 38. 1937. COMANTHERA LINDERI L. B. Sm. Originally published in Contrib. Gray Herb. 117: 38--39 & hh, pl. 2, figs. 55--60 (1937), based on Linder 0, from British Guiana, in the Gray Herbarium. The flowers of this genus are said to resemble closely those of Rondonanthus Herzog in being pedicellate and having free petals. These staminate flowers with a single stamen and greatly reduced perianth are unlike anything else in the family. The pistillate flowers are sessile, unlike those of Rondonanthus, but closely resembling those of Paepalan- thus Mart. ERIOCAULON Gron,. Literature: Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 539—5l0. 181; Fyson, Journ. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 339 Ind, Bot. 2: 133-19. 1919; Fyson, Journ. Ind. Bot. 2: 192—195, 261, 307—31). 1921; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 140. 190; Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata n.s. 6: 322. 1946; Mol- denke, Phytologia 3: 180. 199; Razi, Ecology 31: 285. 1950; Razi, Poona Univ. Journ., sci. sect. 1 (2): 6. 19523 Meikle & Baldwin, Am. Journ. Bot. 39: 45, 50, & Sl. 1952. Synonyms: Bussevillia Lesson in Bougainville, J,urn. Navig. Autour Globe Frég. Thétis et Corv. l'Esperance, vol. 2 (1837); Busseuillia Lesson apud Van Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 10: 60. 1950. Razi in the first of the references cited above states that seed dissemination in this genus is epizoic, with alternative methods by formation of wings on the fruit or seed and in rain- wash, river or sea drift. ERIOCAULON ACHITON Ktrn. Fyson in Journ. Ind. Bot. 2: 202 & 20) (1921) cites this spe- cies from eastern Bengal and Bombay.He feels that it is derived from E. thwaitesii Ktrn., although Ktrnicke felt it was closest to what he called "E, truncatum Mart." The Schmid specimen cited below may have had its label cross- ed with no. 81 cited under E. sexangulare L. Additional citations! FRENCH INDOCHINA: Annam: Schmid 80 (N). ERIOCAULON AFRICANUM Hochst. Additional citations: SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Whellans 529 [Govt. Herb, Salisbury 3,005] (N). ERIOCAULON ALATUM H. Lecomte The species is said by Brass to be abundant in wet grassy plains, The heads are brown and it has been collected in anthe- sis in September. Additional citations: FRENCH INDOCHINA: Annam: Schmid 79a (N). a Pierre s.n. (N). NEW GUINEA: Papua: Brass 7821 (N), ri N). ERIOCAULON ALLEIZETTEI Moldenke The species is said to inhabit wet places among siliceous rocks, at altitudes of 100 to 1850 meters, blooming from May to July ERIOCAULON ALPESTRE Hook. f. & Thoms. Literature: Ktrn. in Miq., Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 163. 1867. The type of this species was collected by Kieske, probably in Japan, The species is found at altitudes of 5000 to 12,000 feet. Additional citations: INDIA: Assam: Hooker & Thomson s.n, [Mont. Khasia, 5-6000 ped.] (Br, M). Sikkim: J. D. Hooker s.n. (Sikkim, 8-12,000 ped.] (Br, C). So poet 30 PyH NG Dy OvTsyO) Gs teh Vol.. , noms ERIOCAULON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Ktrn,. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goyaz: G. Gardner 4382 [Mac— bride photos 10555] (N—photo of type, S—isotype). ERIOCAULON APICULATUM H. Lecomte & Moldenke The species is found in forests at altitudes of 0 to 100 meters, blooming in December and Snes: ERIOCAULON ARECHAVALETAE Herter Literature: Castellanos, Lilloa 20: 238 & 2h. 199. Additional citations: URUGUAY: Moldenke & Moldenke 1969) (Ss). ERIOCAULON ARENICOLA Britton & Small Additional citations: ISLA DE PINOS: Britton, Britton, & Wil- son 1179 (S—-isotype); Ekman 12029 (S). ERIOCAULON ATABAPENSE Moldenke One of the isotypes cited from the Britton Herbarium in Phy- tologia 3: 182 (1949) is now in the Cornell University herbarium (It). The A. C. Smith 2280 in the Britton Herbarium, cited on the same page as this species, proves to be E. tenuifolium Klotzsch instead. E, atabapense inhabits moist sand among rocks, blooming in October. Specimens of Maguire 29256 are said to be also in the Chicago, Kew, Belém, St. Louis, and Washington her— baria, ana citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: B. Maguire 29256 N, Ve ERIOCAULON ATRATUM Ktrn. Fyson, Journ, Ind, Bot. 2: 310 (1921) cites this species only from Adam's Peak, Ceylon. He illustrates it on his plate 26. The Kuntze 2006 and Thwaites 131 originally distributed as this are actually var. major Thwaites. ERIOCAULON ATRATUM var. MAJOR Thwaites A synonym is E, atratum var. minor Mart., based on the same collection. Var. m major was published | by Thwaites in his Enum, Pl, Zeyl. 1: 31 (186). It has been collected at altitudes of 2200 to 2300 meters, blooming in February. The specimens cited below have been mis-identified as typical E. atratum Ktrn. and E. cey- lanicum Ktrn, Additional citations: CEYLON: Kuntze 2006 (N); Thwaites 131 (Br—-isotype, N--photo of isotype, T—isotype, Z—photo of iso- type). ERIOCAULON AUSTRALE R. Br. Kunth in his Enum, Pl. 3: 569 (1841) cites this to Brown's Prodromus page 25, the type coliected at Port Jackson. Flecker 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 31 3603 was originally determined as E. spectabile F. Muell. Additional citations: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Flecker 3603 ge » 7063 (Qu); E. Henry 4654 (Qu); Shirley s.n. [Stradbroke s.] (N). ERIOCAULON BARBA-CAPRAE Fyson This was originally published in Journ, Ind, Bot. 2: 197 (1921), based on a Collett collection from Shillong, Assam. The densely tufted linear leaves are black when dry. I; is said to be very closely similar to E, mitophyllum Hook, f. and E. miser- um Kérn. from the same area, , differing from the former in its Mall" instead of globose receptacle and from both in its black instead of white anthers. Fyson illustrates it on his plate },. ERIOCAULON BEAUVERDI Moldenke The Scheidweiler collection cited below was originally iden- tified as E, humboldtii Kunth. One of the Moldenke & Moldenke 19643 specimens cited in Phytologia 3: 183 (199) from the Brit- ton Herbarium (N) is now in the North Queensland Herbarium (Qu). Additional citations: BRAZIL: S&o Paulo: Moldenke & Moldenke 19643 (B, Fy, Hw, Im, Rs, Ss); Scheidweiler s.n. (Br). ERIOCAULON BENTHAMI Kunth Additional citations: MEXICO: Jalisco: Hartweg 258 (Br-——iso- type, N--photo of isotype, Z—photo of isotype) . Michoac4n: Barkley, Paxson, & Webster 2736 (N). ERIOCAULON BIFISTULOSUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. A synonym is E, fluitans Griff. ex Moldenke, Knovm Geogr. Distrib, Memb. Erioc. 3h, nom. nud. (196); Known Geogr. Distrib. Memb. Verben. 126 & 20), nom. nud. 199. Wild in Rhodesia Agric. Journ. 49: 12--13 (1952) describes the species well and records the common name "water pipewort" or "water-pipewort", He illustrates it in his fig. 10, based on Dehn 769. states that this is the only truly aquatic species of the genus in Rhodesia, being a floating plant with a long vertical submerged stem bearing many, slender, submerged, almost capillary, root-like leaves, and, at water-level, 6 to 20 nar- rowly spreading peduncles with black heads. Although widely dis- tributed, he says it is not a common plant. Its numerous delicate leaves may have some value as food, The Baron specimen cited be- low was originally identified as E, melanocephalum Kunth, a spe- cies of the New World which this one very closely resenbles. Additional citations: MADAGASCAR: d'Alleizette 25m (P); Baron 926 (P); Decary 06 (N, P, P), 62 6256 (P); Le Myre de Vilers sen. [Buyrne, février 1889] (P); Perrier der de la Bathie 72h6 (P), 72h7 (P); Waterlot 87 (P), 7h7 (P). ERIOCAULON BREVIFOLIUM Klotzsch Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: Schomburgk 107 [Mac- bride photos 25158] (N--photo of isotype, Z—-photo of Isotype). MIRE, A NEW SPECIES OF BRUNFELSIA FROM BOLIVIA Joseph V. Monachino The identity of a species of Brunfelsia col- lected by Leandro Aristeguieta in March, 1953, in the State of Barinas in Vemezuela (no. 1669, abun- dant near Barinitas) posed a problem. The plant appeared closely allied wijth specimens distributed as B, bonodora (Vell.) Macbride, B. latifolia (Pohl) Bentham, and B. maritima Bentham, differing, however, in the fine prominulous reticulation of veinlets on the glaucescent underside of the leaves. A similar Brunfelsia with the same leaf type, was collected by F. Je Hermann (11237) on March 7, 19), near Rio Orteguaza, Comisari& del Clequet&, Colombia. An attempt at routine identification of these specimens revealed considerable diffiiculty in the taxonomy of the genus, principally from the standpoint of evalu- ation of specific criteria, It also discovered a new species from Bolivia, which cannot be placed with sny of those previously described, even when a great meas- ure of variation is admitted possible for each of them. BRUNFELSIA MIRE Monachino,} sp. nov. Frutex; foliis megnis, petiolis 3-8 mm. longis,. laminis oblanceolatis 18-26 cm. longis, 5-8.5 cm. latis, ad basin angustatis|, ad apicem acuminatis, glebris subtus pallidis, reticulo venarum subtus prominente, areolis letis;! inflorescentiis capituli- formibis, floribus numerosis confertis; pedicellis usque ad.8 mm. longis glabris; calyce campanulato usque ad 1h mm. longo glabro; corolla violacea hypo- crateriformi, tubo e calyce longe exserto calycem duplex longiore 2.7-3.5 cm. longo superne paullo curvato glabro vel subglabro, limbo 3.2-5 cm. lato. Shrub; leaves subcorilaceous, large, petiole 3-8 mm. long, blades oblanceolate 18-26 cm. long, 5-8.5 cm. broad, tapering at base, acuminate at apex, gla- brous, pale beneath, lateral nerves straight, prin- cipal ones 12-13 pairs, reticulation of veins promi- nent beneath, areolae bro a; inflorescence capituli- form, flowers many, crowded, bracts sparsely minutely pubescent, pedicel up to 8 mn. long, glebrous; calyx campanulate, reticulate-venulose, up to lj mm. long, glebrous, lobes about 3 - long, becoming more deep- ly cut; corolla violet, hypocrateriform, the tube far- exserted from calyx, about twice the length of the calyx, 2.7-3.5 cm. long, slightly curved above, gla- 32 1953 Monachino, A new species of Brunfelsia 33 brous or nearly so, limb 3.2-5 cm. broad, Type. - Otto Buchtien 1298, Bolivia, Mapiri region, San Carlos, alt. 550 m., January 25, 1927, Beumchen, 1 m., bluten violett (flowering specimen at The New York Botanicel Garden). Other specimens examined from Bolivia (deposited at N.Y.B.G.): Miguel Bang 2352, Uchimachi Coroico, in forest shade, scarce, Tay 20, 1894, bush, in fruit. H. H. Rusb 862, Beni River, July, 1886; 1030, near Yungas, Ton TE, 1885; 2611, Mepiri, 2500 ft., May, 1886. 0. E. White 1072, Huachi, head of Beni River, alt. 3000 ft, August, 1921, “Miré." — These six collections show uniformity in botan- ical characters, a constancy which hes strengthend confidence in the distinctiveness of the species, Brunfelsia Mire has been confused with B, hydrangeaeformis (Pohl) Bantham, which it resembles superficially in its large oblanceolate leaves. The affinity is rather with the B. bonodora-B. maritima group, notably with the Aristeguieta and the Hermann specimens mentioned above, The calyx of B. Mire is lerger, but not es large as that of B. hydraneae- formis, from which it differs in the nervature of its leaves, smaller glabrescent calyx, and in the great length the corolle is exserted from the calyx. Bang 2352 was cited es B. hydrangeaeformis by H. H. Rusby in the Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden (: 426. 1907). All the Rusby collections cited above were similarly disposed by Britton in the same Bulle- tin (27:23. 1900). Material represented by O. E. White 1072 was the subject of an histological exami- nation by Heber W. Youngken in the Journel:-of the American Pharmaceutical Associetion (1):195-200, 1925). Professor Youngken, on basis of leaf anatomy, identified the plant as B. hydrangeeeformis. H. H. Rusby had previously discussed the physiological properties of the Miré in the same Journal (13:101- 102, 1924). The plent was reported used by the In- diens of Central Bolivia as a paralysent:of the vol- untary muscles end as a remedy for cutaneous para=- sites. It wes said to induce profuse perspiration capable of destroying all skin parasites, Thomes §,. Githens (loc, cit.) corroborated the claim of muscu- ler paralysis and stimulation of the sweat glands, The: large oblanceolate leaves, with wide areolae formed by the prominent veins, and the larger calyx separate B. Mire from the species of B. latifolia group. B. bonodora was proposed by Macbride in 1930 as based on an earlier nane for B, latifolia. The basonym was Besleria bonodora Vellozo (Fl. Fium. 261, 1825; Ic. 6:50. 1827), a name pleced in the synonyny 3hh PMT OL. OF. Gera Vol. 4, no. 5 of B. latifolia by Bentham and by Schmidt. From the original description and illustration, however, Vellozo's species cannot be definitely identified, although one may guess it has been correctly inter- preted, That Macbride and others since Bentham have Without question identified B. bonodora with B. lati- folia, is more a case of following the leader than one of independent judgment. Materiel from Peru identi- fied as B. bonodora is barely distinguishable from B, meritima Bentham, at least eas suggested by Spruce ings. However, in the Spruce specimen the pedicels ere long, up to 2 cm. long, end the corolla-lobes sre nerrow. A specimen collected by Riedel (no. 18) in Brazil resembles B, maritima-B. bonodora in Peru, proving that in Brunfelsia the same species can be widely distributed, A photo of the type of B. meri- tima (Lund 75, maritimas Taipu pr. Rio Janeiro) {Is at the Fiel useum, No authenticeted material of B, latifolia (Pohl) Bentham (in DC. Prodr. 10:199. I8h6; non B. Latifolia Hort. ex Steud., in syn., 180) was examined, The description by Bentham and that by Schmidt (in Mart. Fl. Bras. B.oc7, 1862) disagree on the size of the leaves and calyx. The name was based on Franciscea latifolia Pohl (Pl. Bras. Ic. 1:3,t.2. 1827. Type. - “hab. ad Tijuca, non procul Rio de Janeiro."). The description and illustration by Pohl, "folia...ed tres unicias longa, unam et quartam, ad sesquinunciem lata," do not suggest the large leaves described by Schmidt. B. grandiflora D. Don (N, Edin, Phil. Journ, Apr.-Oct., 86, 1029. Type. - "Peruvia ad Uchiza, v.s. Herb. Ruiz nunc in Mus. Lamb.") is de- scribed by Bentham as similer to and perhaps varietal of B. latifolia. The United States National Herbarium and the Field Museum were requested to send on loan southern Brazil specimens of B. latifolia, B. bonodora, and B. maritima, but no authenticated material of the first two Was received, The Field Museum lecked southern Brazilian specimens of B, latifolia and B. bonodora; the U. S. Nat. Herbarium supplied two, one from Rio de Janeiro that flowered at the Botanical Garden, Washington, D. C., end ‘only one actually collected in the wild, Kuhlmann 1327, Matto Grosso, Caminho do Porto Velho, determined by C. V. Morton. The latter specimen, with puberulent leaf-underside, calyx and corolla, the calyx up to 12 mm. long, corol- le-tube up to 3.5 cm long, | so differs from others nemed B, latifolia that, on the one hand it suggests something new, end on the other hand casts suspicion on the specific distinctions that already have been drawn in the genus, It is thus seen that the speci- mens available fell far short of the number examined 1953 Monachino, A new species of Brunfelsia 3h5 by Bentham anc by Schmidt. Therefore a clerification of the true identity of B. bonodora ond B. latifolia was not possible by circumstantial evidence, that is, by suits of specimens from the type localities, any more than by examination of the types. Of the Multiflorae with the corolla-tube fer ex- serted from the calyx, there is B. ramosissima (Pohl) Bentham (based on Franciscesa ramosissima Pohl, 1827). The earlier Gerardia bresiliensis sprengel (1825) is probebly the same @é name "Gardoguia obovata Spr." has also been referred to the same species), and a strict anplicetion of priority would demand a new combinetion. Two formee of B. ramosissima were de- scribed by Schmidt in 1862, g. confortiflora (Fran- ciscea confortiflora Pohl) fra . parcifiora, in addition to the typical forma.” The species has short narrow leaves and an entirely different eppearance from B, Mire. Schmidt placed Franciscea divaricata Pohl in the synonymy of B. ramosissima g. conferti- flora, and B, acuminata (Pohl) Bentham’in that of B. ramosissima. Of the Multiflorae with the corolla-tube usually not as prominently exserted from the calyx (see also B, macrophylla end B, silvicola), B. Lindeniena Teisnch—) Nithol son teraneteres Lindeniana Planchon, 1865, “introduction de Libon, qui I?a envoyé de les catinges de ltinterieur de la pnrovince de Ste, Cathérine 4 M. Linden,") appears to have smeller leaves than our species, and a long cylindrical calyx- tube, eccording to specimens from cultivation deposit- ed at The New York Botanical Garden, An isotype of B. obovata Benthem is at N.Y.B.G. B. cuneifolia J. A. Schmidt and B. silvicola Taubert ("calyce...corollae tubum medium vix aequante...folia 2.5-5 x 1.52 cm.") are described as allied with B. obovata. Frées 20210 from the region of Serres de Sincor#, Bahia, suggests B, bahiensis, but the leaves are smaller, 4-8.5 cm. Tong (in B. bahiensis "3- poll. longa, 1-1.5 poll. leta."). Of the larger leeved species authenticated material of B. hydrengeaeformis (Pohl) Bentham and an isotype of the very closely related B,. copitets Benth-= am (Gerdner 563) were available. The varieties B, ceapitata p . angustifolia Bentham and B, hycrengess- ormis g. glabriuscula Schmidt (syntype. - Gardner 503, the type nunber of B. capitata) heve been pro- posed. 3B. macrophylla (Chem. Chlecht.) Bentham was described as similer to B. hydrangeaeformis (type. - Brasil aequinoctiale, Sellow,. “corollae tubo sub- recto calyce subduplo longiore...calyx 10-12 lin long- us...folia...subtus praecipue ad nervos venasque rufo= pubescentia...in petiolum.,.rufo-tomentosum attenu= 346 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 5 ata."). B. exima (Scheidweiler) Hooker is referred to B. hydrangeserormis. B. calycina Bentham (type. - Tond 755, Sev Faulo, “calyx polliceris....,foliis..0n nervo medio subtus hirtellus.") is referred to B, auciflora g. calycina by Schmidt, Besleria inodora Vellozo (nén Br elsia inodora Mertius) is also placed in the synonymy. Franciscea (Brunfelsia) mecrentha Lemaire was described es having a large ‘tomentose calyx. The combination "Brunfelsia me- crantha" has been attributed to Lemaire by Bailey and Raffill, but Lemaire noted that his species was not a true Brunfelsia. Bailey and Raffill listed the new combinations B. calycina var. macrantha end B. calyci- na var. eximia, and also B, calycine var. floribunda (based on B. floribunda Hort.). The Longiflorae are chiefly of the West Indies, B. inodora Martius was described from cultivetion. B. Testevini Benoist (1928), from Rio Jerd@o in the Amazon Valley, was described as having a corolle=tube 4 cm. long, and was said to resemble B,. americana. The Uniflorae in South America comprise perhaps three species. The basonym of B, uniflora (Poh1) Don antedates that of B. Hopeeana (Hook.) Bentham by one yeer. The description of B, mutabilis (Pohl) Poiteau presents no point of difference from B. uniflora. B. australis Bentham was reduced to a variety of B, Hopeana by Schmidt. A Kuntze specimen (x. 92) idonti- fied as B, australis (inflorescence up to -flowered), obtained from cultivation in Paraguay, resembles some cultivated forms named B, latifolia. B. paraguayensis Chodet was referred to B, uniflora forma obovatifolia Hassler by Hassler, who also proposed B, uniflora forma intermedia. A Trinidad specimen collected by L. J. Graft recalls B. Hopeana g.? pubescens Bentham (possibly B. Lockharti Hort. a eh nomen nudum), originally based on a Lockhart specimen from Trinidad, Miller & Johnston ot from Margarita Island also has pubescent leaves, but likewise pubescent are the young leaves of Gardner 1798, a collection cited by Bentham as typical B. Hopeana. C. .V. Morton (Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash. 62:151-152. 1909) presents differences between his B, amazonica (isotype at N.Y.B.G., corolla-tube about 2 cm. long) and B. guianensis Bentham. The Regel names in Brunfelsia (falceta, prscties engi tiora, multiflora, Sieberi) and B. Schomburekiana Klotzch are nomina nuda. The following names were published in synonymy: B,. ‘augusta Hort. ex Gentil, under B, calycina; B. Spruceana hb. M. by Schmidt under B, maritima, Martfia era Lacerde in hb, M. under B, Hopeana, and F. Pohiiana Hort. ex Schmidt under B, ramosissima. 1953 Monachino, A new species of Brunfelsia 347 The above Brunfelsia species end names involved were reviewed in order to clear B, Mire, It is noted thet much reliance had to be placed on descrintions end that the materiel available was inadequete for delimiting the taxa accurately. For a true under- standing of the species of Brunfelsia a critical re- vision of the whole genus is reouired, ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS AEGIPHILA. XT Harold N. Moldenke AEGIPHILA Jacq. Unidentified species of this genus are mentioned in Guilherme de Almeida, Revista Florestal 5: 15 & 17, figs. 7 & 8 (196); Fale#o, Guia dos Visitantes Jard. Bot. Rio de Jan. 2 (197); and Kuhlmann & Ktthn, Flor. Dist. Ibitf 116 (199), as well as in Plantae Hasslerianae 9: 200 (1902) and in Stellfeld, Vellozoa (5): 99 (1946). Almeida reports his plant is used for cork in Brazil, while Kuhlmann & Ktthn describe theirs as ptenophyte, "arbusto da capoeira, Estag&o Experimental, sem 6rg%os prolffic- os em Margo de 193, M. K[uhlmann] no. 1,277". member of this genus, is actually a species of Besleria; Rambo 21), and 43385 are a species of Pisonia; Schwacke s.n. [11/IX/ 887; Herb. Rio de Jan. 804] is a species of Hyptis; and the J. M. Schunke s.n. [Herb. Mus. Javier Prado 123]; W--190156)] may be a species of Schlegelia. AEGIPHILA ACULEIFERA Moldenke The species is described by Little as a small tree 5 to 10 nm. tall, the trunk 5—10 cm. in diameter at breast height, with gray rough bark, growing at an altitude of 8900 feet, with white-pink flowers blooming in April. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Huila: Little 7711 (N). AEGIPHILA ALBA Moldenke Little in Carib. Forester 9: 269 (1949) describes the species as a small to large tree 8 to 20 m. tall, with a trunk 15 to 30 em, in diameter, common especially in cutover areas, in wet tropical and mountain forests, widely distributed in western Ec- uador. He records the additional common names of "savaluca" and "savaluca de montafia". Additional citations: ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: Little 6331 [U. S. Forest Serv. 98292] (N). Guayas: Camp E.3606 (N). AEGIPHILA AMAZONICA Moldenke The species is described as a shrub or small tree, with green branches and white flowers blooming in January, April, September, 34,8 Pobe¥ eT O-EOoGek & Vol. h, nos5 and December, growing in capoeira and on terra firma. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Black 7-172. (Be-- 29750); Ducke 864 (Be--10)38); J. G. Kuhlmann s.n. [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 2256] (F--photo of type, N--photo of type, Si--photo of type, Z--photo of type); Murga Pires 347 (Be--28301, N); Murea Pires & Black 1013 (Be--17961, N). AEGIPHILA AUSTRALIS Moldenke The species has been collected in small sandy woods, blooming in January. ‘a, mae citations: BRAZIL: Santa Catharina: Sehnem 333) (Rb). AEGIPHILA BOGOTENSIS (Spreng.) Moldenke The Schimpff 252 and 267 cited as this species in Phytologia 1: 188 (1937) are really A. monticola Moldenke, while the Daniel 3283 and Tom4s 1512 cited in Phytologia 2: 390 (1947) are A. grandis Moldenke. Dryander records the common name "tabaquillo". It is describ— ed by collectors as a shrub 2.5 m. tall or a tree 8 m. tall, growing at altitudes of 2200 to 2900 m. The flowers are white, blooming in February. Fruit has been collected in August. Cuat—- recasas says "hoja membranacea, flexible, crasiuscula, gruesa, verde clara, o verde grisacea haz, semibrillante, grisacea enves, verde oscura; caliz verde; corola amarilla luego rosada", Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Caldas: Cuatrecasas 2335) (F- 13,7021); Dryander 2809 (F--129388)}). Cauca: Cuatrecasas 23639 (F—-13,1823). Cundinamarca: Goudot s.n. [Bogota] (F—photo, N— photo); Triana 2123 (F—photo, N—photo). Valle del Cauca: Cuat- recasas 22530 (F-—-137123). VENEZUELA: Mérida: Garcia Barriga 1329) (W--1987231). ECUADOR: Carchi: Lehmann 6338 (F=-photo, N-— photo). AEGIPHILA BOGOTENSIS var. AEQUINOCTIALIS Moldenke Camp describes this as a tree 7 m. tall, with leaves deep— green and nitid above, pale-green or dullish beneath, the corol- la pale but clear yellow, and the fruit pyriform and h-loculed, with four bony seeds, growing at altitudes of 8000 to 9000 feet, blooming and fruiting in July and August. He says that "although the majority of the people in the region know the true 'lugma! (luema) and many of them grow it around their homes, they still insist on calling this abundant and completely wild forest tree 'lugma' (or lucma), too, probably because of some similarity in the leaves, They readily admit the possibility of confusion, but shrug their shoulders. A few of the more intelligent said that if they are asked which 'lugmat they mean, they call this one 'lugma del monte'", Additional citations: ECUADOR: Azuay: Camp E.42h9 (N), 4595 (N), 5193 (N—type). rary s AEGIPHILA BOLIVIANA Moldenke 1953 Moldenke, Additional notes on Aegiphila 39 Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Steinbach 2799 [Herb. Osten 1831b] (Ug), 3116 (F--photo, N--photo), 6554 (F— photo), 7250 (F--photo, N--photo), 7289 (F--photo, N--photo). ALEGIPHILA BRACHIATA Vell. The species is listed by Herter, Flérula 10) (1930) as A. triantha Schau., but in Revist. Sudam. Bot. 6: 97 (1939) he cor- rects this to A, brachiata, giving A. triantha as a synonym. Rambo in Anais Bot. Herb. perbaas Rod. 3: 72 (1951) spells the name "A, branchiata Vell." in error. The Emrich painting cited below is labeled "Citharexylum solanaceum var. typica", obvious- ly in error. The species is said to be a shrub to m. tall, found in primeval forests and secondary woods, blooming in October and November. ‘ Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 1052 (N). Rio de Janeiro: Glaziou 1165 (Bz--16829), 17714 (F--photo, N-- photo). Rio Grande do Sul: K. K. Emrich s.n. [10.11.1926] (N-—- painting); Friedrichs 32928 (Rb). State undetermined: Sellow 1322 (F--photo, N--photo °), 3012 (F--photo, N—photo). AEGIPHILA BRACTEOLOSA Moldenke The species has been mis-identified in herbaria as "A. arbor- escens Vahl" and has been collected in anthesis in February and September. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Luetzelburg 22296 {[Herb, Rio de Janeiro ))816] (Ja), 22657 [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 4,815] (Ja); Poeppig 288 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos); Spruce s. n. [in vicinibus Barra] (F--photo, N—photo) . Par4: Ducke 16992 THerb. Rio de Janeiro 5,33] (Ja). AEGIPHILA BREVIFLORA (Rusby) Moldenke Additional citations: BOLIVIA: El Beni: Cardenas 16, special (F--photo of type, N--photo of type). AEGIPHILA BUCHTIENII Moldenke Additional citations: BOLIVIA: La Paz: Buchtien 1716 (F-- photo, N—photo), 1717 (F--photo of isotype, N--photo of isotype) AEGIPHILA CANDELABRUM Briq. The species is mentioned in Plantae Hasslerianae 11: 50) (190)). It is described as a shrub 1 to 3 m, tall, with yellow- ish petals, growing in thickets in fields, blooming in November. Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Fiebrig 4638 (F--photo, N— photo), we (F--3 photos, N--3 photos); Hassler 7974 (N, N— fragment, S, V--1128), 797ha Tha (F--photo). AEGIPHILA CAPITATA Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: S#o Paulo: Burchell 35h7 (F-- photo of isotype, N--photo of isotype). 350 PUY et OsB sO sD Vol. h, no. 5 AEGIPHILA CASSELIAEFORMIS Schau. Additional citations: BRAZIL: SHo Paulo: F. C. Hoehne s.n. [Herb. Inst. Biol. S. Paulo 1225] (N, W—1616672). Te AEGIPHILA CHRYSANTHA Hayek Camp describes the species as a much-branched vine climbing over trees and shrubs, with the leaves very deep-green above, pale-green beneath, and the internal flesh and surface of the fruit orange-crimson, growing at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 feet in Ecuador. Frées says that in Amazonas, Brazil, it is a vine climbing large trees, the stems 5 inches in diameter, with white flowers, growing on low terra firma in high forests. It has been misidentified in herbaria as "A. cuspidata Mart." and has been collected in anthesis in June, July, and October, and in fruit in June. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Camp E.3863 (N). Guayas: Eggers 14348 (F--2 photos, N-——2 photos). BRAZIL: Amazon- as: Frées 20533 (N), 22543 (Be—-32332, N), 2630) (N). Bahia: Curran an 225 (F--photo, N—-photo). Maranhfo: Ducke 2302 [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 532] (Ja). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: “Kuntze s. sen. (F— photo, N--photo). AFGIPHILA CORDIFOLIA (Rufz & Pav.) Moldenke The Mathews collection cited below was originally identified by herbarium workers as a species of Cordia and then of Buddleja. Additional citations: PERU: Hud4nuco: Rufz & Pavon s.n, [Mifla, Panatahua] (F--photo of isotype, Sg--photo 0 of isotype) . Depart— ment undetermined: Mathews s.n. [1862] (M). _ ABEGIPHILA COSTARICENSIS Moldenke Matuda in Am. Midl. Nat. hh: 575 (1950) cites his numbers 572, 2101, 6152, and 17395 and records the synonym "Clerodendron matudai Standl." The species is described as a shrub 3 m. tall, growing in forests and wet forests at an altitude of 30 m., blooming in dune. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Matuda 17968 (N). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Skutch 536 (W--1971979). SS” AEGIPHILA CRENATA Moldenke The species has been collected in anthesis in January. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Sampaio 6385 [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 827] (N); Schenck 3310 (F--photo, N— photo). Paran4: Dusén 9701 (F--photo, N--photo). State undeter- mined: Sellow 5091 1 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos). AEGIPHILA CUATRECASASI Moldenke The species is said to be a tree 5 to 15m. tall, the trunck 25 em. in diameter at breast height, the bark gray, ’ fissured in many small plates, the fruit green, growing in cafetals and a- long fences at an altitude of 600 m., in immature fruit in May. 1953 Moldenke, Additional notes on Aegiphila 351 Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Huila: Little 7940 (N) 5 Little & Ramirez 7800 (N). AEGIPHILA CUNEATA var. HIRSUTISSIMA Moldenke Citation: PERU: Loreto: Killip & Smith 2900 (N-——type). AEGIPHILA DEPPEANA Steud. Matuda describes this species as a woody vine with yellow flowers, growing at altitudes of 200 m., blooming in December. Additional citations: MEYICO: Chiapas: Matuda 18742 (N). Nayarit: Nelson 25) (F--photo, N--photo). Tamaulipas: Schiede & Deppe 259 (F--photo, N—photo). Veracruz: E. Palmer 6 (F— photo, N--photo), State undetermined: Pavon S.n. [Nueva Espafia] (F—-photo, N--photo, Sg--photo); Sartorius s.n, en. (F——photo, N— photo). TRES MARIAS ISLANDS: Maltby s.n. [Tres Marias Is.] (F— photo, N—-photo). COLOMBIA: Magdalena: C. Cy. Allen 150 (Ew). AEGIPHILA DUCKEI Molcenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Ducke s.n. [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 35662] (F--photo of type, N—photo of type, Si--photo of type, Z--photo of type). AEGIPHILA ELATA Sw. Matuda in Am, Midl. Nat. hh: 575 (1950) records the common names "taco" and "taquito" and cites his no. 1662). The species is also listed in Fawcett, Prov. List Indig. Nat. Fl. Pl. Jamaica 30 (1893). Specimens have been misidentified as A. quinduensis (H.B.K.) Moldenke, "A. levis Wright", and Citharexy- lon sp. It has been collected in fruit in May. It is described by Wright as a bush 10 feet tall, growing in woods. Additional citations: CUBA: Oriente: Acufia 1517) (Es); Hioram & Maurel 799 (F--photo, N--photo); N. Taylor il) (F—photo, N— photo); C. Wright 277 (Hv, Hv), 429 (F--photo, N--photo), 1354 [1865; Herb. Sauvalle 1777] (iv). J JAMAICA: Alexander Prior s.n. (F--photo, N--photo); E. G. Britton 2952 (F--photo, N——photo); . Harris & Britton 10726 (. (F=-photo, N--photo); Maxon 8820 (F—— photo, N--photo); Nichols 15 (F--photo, N—-photo); Rehder son. (F--photo, N—photo); Swartz sn. (F--photo of type, F——photos of 3 isotypes, N—photo of type, N--photos of 3 isotypes)! HIS- PANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Abbott 1368 (F--photo, N——photo), 2386 (F--photo, N--photo); Eggers 1602 02 (Sg-~1607). TRINIDAD: Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 2384 (F--photo, N—photo), 2387 (F--photo, N—photo). MEXICO: Tabasco: J. N. Rovirosa 21 (F--2 photos, N— 2 photos, Pa). GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Ttirckheim 7961 (F--photo, N—~photo). Izabal: P. C. Standley 268) (F--photo, N--photo). HONDURAS: Atl4ntida: P. C. Standley 53 7he 746 (F--photo, N--photo), aol (F--photo, N--photo), 55166 (F--2 photos, N—2 photos) .Yoro: Be P. Wilson 656 (F--photo, N-- a COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: H. Pittier 12017 (F--photo, N--photo). PANAMA: Panam4: R. S. Willi- ams 529 (F--photo, N—photo) . VENEZUELA: Aragua: Fendler 2373 — 352 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 5 (F--photo, N--photo), Bolfvar: Ll. Williams 12828 (Ew). Carabobo: H. Pittier 8806, in part [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12613] (Ve). SURINAM: Samuels son. (F--photo, N--photo). BRITISH GUIANA: De la Cruz 3320 (F--3 photos, N--2 photos, Sg--photo); Fanshawe re 288) [He [Herb. Forest Dept. Br. Guian. 6031] (N). FRENCH GUIANA: Broadway 421 (F--photo, N--photo). CULTIVATED: Austria: Herb. Hort. Schtnbr. Sn. (F--photo, N-=photo). “Ta AEGIPHILA ELEGANS Moldenke Additional citations: PERU: Junin: Killip & Smith 26338 (F—2 photos, N—-2 photos). Loreto: Killip & Smith 27562 2 (Ec—photo, F--photo, N—-photo, Sg--photo), 27991 (F--photo, N—-photo). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Krukoff 8701 (B Br). AEGIPHILA ELONGATA Moldenke Additional citations: BOLIVIA: La Paz: Buchtien 1546 (F— photo of isotype, N--photo of isotype). AEGIPHILA EXIGUIFLORA Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Pard: Ducke s.n. [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 18951] (F--photo of type, N—photo of type, Si--photo of type, Z—photo. of type). AEGIPHILA FALCATA Donn. Sm. Matuda in Am. Midl. Nat. lh: 575 (1950) records the common names "taco" and "taquito". Additional citations: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango: Tonduz & Rojas 148 (F--photo, N--photo). Retalhuleu: J. D. Smith mith 179 (F- 2 photos, N--2 shoves). COSTA RICA: Cartago: fl. Pittier 8643 (F- photo, N--photo); Tonduz 9292 (F--photo, N--photo). Limén: Holm & Iltis 39h (N, Qu). PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Wedel 1836 (N). AEGIPHILA FENDLERI Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Aragua: Karsten s.n. (F— photo, N—photo); H. Pittier 1982 [Herb. Nac. Venez. ;. 12585] (Ve); Tamayo 163 THerb. Nac. Venez. 1258] (Ve). AEGIPHILA FERRUGINEA Hayek & Spruce Camp describes this species as a spreading shrub 2 m. tall or wide-spreading tree 15 m, tall, with white flowers, blooming in August, at 10,000 feet elevation. Asplund found it a shrub 3 n. tall, blooming in May. Camp's nos. 365 and 366 look quite differ- ent, but he notes that "intermediates between 365 and 366 seen in game colony". Additional citations: ECUADOR: Azuay: Camp E.22lla (N), E.2211b (N). Carchi: Camp E.365 (N), E E366 (N). Pichincha: As- plund 656 (S); Sodiro 0 125/22 (F--photo, N—-photo); Spruce 5L73 (F-=photo of isotype, N—-photo of isotype). AEGIPHILA FILIPES Mart. & Schau. 1953 Moldenke, Additional notes on Aegiphila 353 The species is cited in Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Jav. Prado 7: 2h (1943) from Loreto, Peru. It has been collected in fruit in January. The name is sometimes written "A. filipes Mart. & Zucc." Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cauca: Cuatrecasas 23537 (F— 1341820, F—13l1821). Amazonas: R. E. Schultes 8259 (W—1996313). Magdalena: H. H. Smith 1831 (F--3 photos, N--3 photos). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Krukoff 60 BOLI (Br), 8042 (Br); Spruce 1761 (Ec—photo, F--7 photos, N—6 photos, Es—photo, Sg--2 photos); Ule 5686 (F- photo, N--photo). BOLIVIA: El Beni: H. H. Rusby 2472 (P (Pale AEGIPHILA FLUMINENSIS Vell. The species has been collected in anthesis also in February. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Guillot s.n. [Bahia] (F-- photo, N--photo). Espirito Santo: Bello 592 [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 44800] (Ja). Federal District: Brade 11277 [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 44839] (N), 1140) [Herb. Rio de Janeiro ]Jj82] (Ja). Rio de Jan- eiro: Guillemin min 218 (F--photo); Mikan s.n. [Aquoduit] (F--photo, N--photo); Passarelli s.n. (Herb. Rio de Janeiro 848] (N); Widgren s.n. (F—-photo, N- N—photo) ; Wilkes Expedition s.n. [Rio de Janeiro] (F--photo, N--photo). AEGIPHILA FOETIDA Sw. The species is listed in Fawcett, Prov. List Indig. Nat. Fl. Pl. Jamaica 30 (1893). 2 photos, N--2 photos). AEGIPHILA FROESI Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Frées 20917 (F--photo of type, N--type, N--photo of type, Sg—-photo of type, Z——photo of type). AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA Moldenke The species is described as a herb to 1 m. tall or a liana, with yellowish-white or pale-greenish flowers, blooming in June and Yecember, inhabiting woods. It is listed in Barkley, Determ- inac. para Ejemp. Herb. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellin 2 (1): 17 (1950). Some specimens of the Poeppig collection cited below were mis-identified in herbaria as Palicourea laxa. Additional citations: PANAMA: Canal Zone: Hayes 74 (F--photo, N--photo), 145 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos, Sg-—photo) ; H. Pittier 6519 (F—-photo, N--photo). COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Woronow & Juzep— ezuk ))33 (F--photo, N--photo). Chocé: A. Fernandez 293 Ci-- 1997959). Santander: F. W. Pennell 3865 (F=-photo, Sg--photo) ; Scolnik, Aragua Molina, & Barkley 19SOh1 (N). Tolima: Goudot s.n. [Tbagué] (F--2 photos, 2 photos, Sg——photo). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Poeppig 2760 [Herb. Reichenbach f. 294656] (F--photo, N-——photo, V, V). Parad: Archer 8051 (Be-~112)7) . AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA var. PARAENSIS Moldenke 35h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 5 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Par4: Burchell 10060 (F--photo of type, Sg—photo of type); Killip & Smith 30661 1 (F=-photo, N=- photo); Krukoff 5923 (Br). AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA var. PYRAMIDATA L. C. Rich. & Moldenke The variety is said to be a shrub ), feet tall, with green flowers, blooming in January, and inhabiting woods. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Para: Archer 8120 (Be--12210). AEGIPHILA GLEASONI Moldenke This name is mis=-spelled "A. gleasonii Moldenke" by Van Steenis in his Fl. Males. 1 (1): 194 (1950). AEGIPHILA GLOMERATA Benth. The species is listed by Little in Carib. Forester 9: 269 (1949), where he cites his no. 6693a from El Oro, Ecuador. AEGIPHILA GLORIOSA Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: L. Riedel 781 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos). AEGIPHILA GRANDIS Moldenke The Daniel and Tom4s collections cited below were originally distributed as A. bogotensis (Spreng.) Moldenke and were so cited in Phytologia 2: 390 (1947). The species is said to be a small tree, 3 to 7m. tall, growing to 2200 m. altitude. Fruit has been collected in February and May, and green rounded fruit in July. Daniel records the vernacular name "saca-ojo",. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Core 723 (N); Daniel 3283 (N); Tom4s 1512 (N). Cundinamarca: ~Goudot : sen. [Bo- gota] (F--2 phoros, N--2 photos). AEGIPHILA GRAVEOLENS Mart. & Schau. The species is mentioned by Kuhlmann & Ktthn, Flor. Dist. TIbit{ 116 & 180 (1947), where it is designated as a ptenophyte and described as "arbustiva no pasto atrA4s do cemitério..alt. 750 m...Frutos em Dezembro...M. K[uhlmann] no. 1121..espécie digna de ser levada em considerag#o quanto as suas presumiveis relag8es com a Fauna é a A. graveolens, cujas drupas, bem maior— es e mais carnosas, amadurecem em Dezembro." Ule writes the name "A, graveolens Mart." It has been collected in flower in Febru- ary and May, as well as December. Hoehne reports the common name "fruta de sabia". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet — (F--photo, N--photo); Sellow 608 (F--photo, N--photo), Rio de Janeiro: Ule 123 [Herb. Rio de Janeiro 807] (Ja). S#o pai W. Hoehne G31 (Wh, Wh); Lund 796 [Macbride photos 7880] (N--photo of type); _ Sellow 802 (F- (F--2 photos, N--2 photos). NOTES ON BROMELIACEAE. II Lyman 3B. Smith VENEZUELA GUZMANIA NUBIGENA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AG. plumieri (Griseb.) Mez, cui valde affinis, scapi bracteis et bracteis primariis infimis longe acuminatis, sepalis majoribus differt. Bpiphytic, stemless, 85 cm. high; leaves 65 cm. long, inconspicuously lepidote, the sheaths narrow- ly ovate, inconspicuous, the blades linear, acumi- nate, 35 mm. wide; scape erect, slender; scape- bracts strict, densely imbricate, subfoliaceous, reddish; inflorescence laxly bipinnate, 20 cm. long, red; primary bracts shorter than the branches, the lower ones narrowly triangular, the upper broadly ovate; racemes spreading, 6 cm. long, short-stipitate, rather lax; floral bracts broadly ovate, apiculate, 18 mm. long, ecarinate, sparsely lepidote, rugulose on drying; flowers suberect or some downwardly secund; pedicels slender, 3 mn. long; sepals oblanceolate, subacute, 23 mm. long, ecarinate, appressed-lepidote, connate for 3 mn.; petals and stamens unknown; capsules cyliniric, acute, to 4 cm. long, coma red-brown. Pl. I, fig. 1: Apex of leaf x 1; fig. 2: Lower primary bract and branch x 1; fig. 3: Sepal x1. in the U. S. National Herbarium, Nos. 2101746 and 2101747, collected in cloud forest, Rancho Grande, State of Aragua, Venezuela, altitude 1,800 meters, October 13, 1951, by M. B. Foster (Wo. 2739). VRIESIA BGREGIA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ramis brevissimis a bracteis primariis occultis v. drepanocarpam simulans, sed scapi bracteis et bracteis primariis amplis late rotundatisque, sepalis obovatis, retusis valde differt. Epiphytic, 4 dm. high if the pendulous inflores- cence is straightened; leaves not seen but accord- ing to Foster 20-25 cm. long, subglabrous, splashed with red, reddish green beneath, the blade 18-25 mm. wide; scape 4 mm. in diameter, glabrous; scape- bracts erect, imbricate, undoubtedly subfoliaceous, rounded at the apex and apiculate, obscurely appressed-lepidote; inflorescence subdensely cylin- dric, 18 cm. long, bipinnate; primary bracts sub- 355 356 Br Ye TO) Ey ONG Tak Vol. 4, no. 5 erect, broadly elliptic, apiculate, to 35 mm. long, almost completely concealing the flowers, sparsely appressed-lepidote, red except for the greenish base; branches few-flowered, slender; floral bracts broadly elliptic, shorter than the sepals; flowers subsessile; sepals broadly obovate, retuse, slight— ly asymmetric, 14 mm. long, subcoriaceous, greenish white, sparsely lepidote; petals oblong, obtuse, 18 mm. long, white (! Foster), short-connate below the dentate scales; stamens and style included. Pl. I, fig. 4: Primary bract and branch x 1; fig. 5: Sepal x1; fig. 6: Petal and stamen x l. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2101715, collected in cloud forest, Rancho Grande, State of Aragua, Venezuela, altitude 1,800 meters, October 13, 1951, by M. B. Foster (No. 2746). COLOMBIA AECHMEA NIDULARIOIDES L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Laminis foliorum ligulatis; scapo brevi sed distincto; scapi bracteis imbricatis; inflorescen- tia dense subglobosa; bracteis primariis imbrica-— tis, flores fere omnino obtegentibus; floribus fasciculatis, sessilibus; sepalis connatis, brevi- ter mucronatis; petalis liberis, ligulis dentatis auctis; pollinis granulis obscure 4~poratis. Flowering shoot 3 dm. high, much exceeded by the leaves; leaves apparently rosulate, over 7 dm. long, densely appressed-lepidote, the sheaths broadly elliptic, 10-14 cm. long, brown-lepidote, the blades ligulate, acute with a subulate cusp, flat, 3-5 cm. wide, green, white-lepidote becoming glabrous with age, laxly serrate with broad straight spines 1-2 mm. long; scape suberect, about 15 cm. long; scape-bracts strict, densely imbri- cate, lanceolate, acute, pungent, green, spinulose- serrate; inflorescence densely bipinnate, subglo- bose, 15 cm. long; primary bracts imbricate, ovate, 7 cm. long, all but the lowest cucullate at the apex, entire, finely nerved, red, covered toward the apex with white appressed scales; branches aborted, few-flowered; floral bracts broadly elliptic, apiculate, slightly exceeded by the sepals, entire, thin, densely pale-lepidote; flowers sessile, white; sepals obovate, strongly asymnetric, short-aucronate, 23 mm. long, connate for 3 mm., prominently nerved, sparsely pale- lepidote; petals free, oblong, obtuse, cucullate, 35 mm. long, bearing 2 dentate scales at the base; stamens included, pollen-grains globose, obscurely 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate I 357 Fig. 1-3: Guzmania nubigena; fig. +6: Vriesia egregia; fig. 7-11: Aechmea nidularioides. 358 P eX) AP On sO Gal wh Vol. 4, no. 5 4—nored; ovary completely inferior, epigynous tube shallow but distinct, ovules apiculate, borne at the apex of the cell. Pl. I, fig. 7: Scape and inflorescence x 1/5; fig. 8: Branch of inflores- cence x 1; fig. 9: Sepal x 1; fig. 10: Base of petal x1; fig. 11: Longitudinal of ovary x l. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, Nos. 1989431 and 1989432, collected along the Rfo Loretoyacu, Trapecio Amazénico, Territory of Amazo- nas, Colombia, altitude 100 meters, September 1946, by R. EB. Schultes and G. A. Black (No. 8309). COLOMBIA: PUTUMAYO: In trees by road to Urcusi- que, alt. 1,200 m., Nov. 23, 1946, M. B. & R. Foster 2253 (GH). In habit, Aechmea nidularioides closely resembles the scapose species of Nidularium, al- though the primary bracts do not decrease in size quite so rapidly toward the center of the inflores- cence and the central axis is more elongate. The cucullate primary bracts are almost identical in form and size with those of Streptocalyx tessmannii Harms. The appendaged petals indicate its affinity is with neither of these genera but with Canistrum and more especially with Aechmea subgenus Ortgiesia on account of its connate sepals. Its 4~porate pollen will require the amplification of that sub— genus, but others in Aechmea already include two types of pollen. AECHMEA SERVITENSIS André var. exigua L. B. Smith, var. nov. A var. servitensis bracteis scapi superioribus et bracteis primariis infimis minoribus, angusti- oribus, obscure dentatis differt. Differs from the typical variety in its smaller relatively narrower and less obviously dentate upper scape-bracts and lower primary bracts. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Las Mesas, Territory of Putumayo, Colombia, altitude 1,350 meters, November 22, 1946, by M. B. and R. Foster (No. 2217). Duplicate in the U. S. National Herbariun. AECHMEA ZEBRINA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. ‘ Acaulis, stolonibus procreans; foliis zonis transversalibus latis pictis, laminis ligulatis; scapo elongato; scapi bracteis per aetatem deciduis, ignotis, verisimiliter tenuissimis; inflorescentia bipinnata; bracteis primariis ignotis; spicis dense multifloris, longe stipitatis; rhachi valde excava- ta sed angusta; bracteis florigeris sepala superan- 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 359 tibus, laevibus; sepalis liberis, angustis, paulo asymmetricis, inermibus. Stemless, spreading ty stolons up to 7 dm. long, the flowering shoot 8 dm. high; leaves forming a slemier infundibuliform rosette, green and very faintly striped above and inconspicuously though densely lepidote, beneath covered with two types of scales to form broad alternating cross-bands of green and white, the sheaths small and inconspicu- ous, the blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 5 cm. wide, laxly spinose-serrate; scape elongate, 8 mm. in diameter; scape-bracts unknown, evidently fragile; inflorescence bipinnate, subdense, 28 cm. long; primary bracts unknown; spikes spreading, densely 17-flowered, 18 cm. long including the 5 cm. long naked strongly flattened stipe; rhachis narrow, strongly excavated; floral bracts broadly ovate, navicular, entire, carinate near the apex, bicari- nate and grooved below, 28 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, coriaceous, even, obscurely punctulate- lepidote; sepals free, lance-oblong, slightly asymmetric, mticous, 16 mm. long; ovary wholly inferior, globose. Pl. II, fig. 1: Spike x 1/2; fig. 2: Sepal xl. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Puerto Limon on the Rfo Caqueta, Territory of Putu- mayo, Colombia, altitude 900 meters, November 24, 1946, by M. B. and R. Foster (No. 2256). It must be noted that the leaves and flowering shoot in the above description were not attached at the time of collection so that there is some possi- bility of their representing different species. However, either is distinctive on its own merits. The leaves are quite unlike those of any Aechmea from this region, while the inflorescence resembles those of Ae. dactylina Baker and Ae. tessmannii Harms. The narrow spike-rhachis is like that of As. dactylina, but the floral bracts and sepals are much larger and the scape-bracts and primary bracts more fragile. While we can infer that the fragile scape-bracts and primary bracts are probably more like those of Ae. tessmannii, the narrow spike- rhachis is strikingly different. GUZMANIA ACUMINATA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Acanulis; laminis foliorum linearibus, acuminatis; scapo erecto; scapi bracteis subfoliaceis, imbrica- tis; inflorescentia densissime digitata; bracteis primariis longe acuminatis, spicas superantibus; bracteis florigeris sepala superantibus; sepalis breviter connatis. 360 P WoL GO1GwL ik Vol. h, Epiphytic, stemless, the flowering plant 50-75 cm. high (! Foster); leaves 5 dm. long, appressed- lepidote beneath, the sheaths elliptic, 8-10 cm. long, pale brown, the blades linear, acuminate, 2 cm. wide, green, glabrous above; scape erect, slender; scape-bracts subfoliaceous, densely imbri- cate, the upper ones involucrate; inflorescence densely digitate, 4 cm. long; primary bracts ovate with a long foliaceous blade equaling or exceeding the spike; spikes ellipsoid, many-flowered, 3 cm. long; floral bracts ovate, equaling or exceeding the sepals, coriaceous, even, glabrous; pedicels very short; sepals 14 mm. long, connate for 4 m., even; petals and stamens unknown. Pl. II, fig. 3: Young inflorescence x 1/2; fig. 4: Old inflores- cence x 1/2; fig. 5: Posterior sepals x l. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Pepino, near Mocoa, Territory of Putumayo, Colombia, altitude 1,200 meters, November 21, 1946, by M. B. and R. Foster (No. 2218). Duplicate in the U. S. National Herbariun. In habit Guzmania acuminata resembles G. brachy- cephala (Baker) Mez but the latter has a simple in- florescence subtended by wholly stramineous bracts. The long acuminate green bracts below the inflores- cence distinguish G. acuminata from other species with densely digitate inflorescences. GUZMANIA DANIELII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Robusta; scapi bracteis foliaceis, dense imbri- catis, lepidibus pallidis dense vestitis, laminis ligulatis; inflorescentia dense bipinnata; bracteis primariis infimis subfoliaceis; fasciculis ca. 10- floris, sessilibus; bracteis florigeris sepala subaequantibus; sepalis alte connatis. Stemless, robust, known only by a photograph and the upper part of the flowering shoot; scape straight, nearly 2 cm. in diameter; scape-bracts closely resembling the leaves, 4 dm. long, nearly covered on both sides with pale appressed scales, red, the sheaths broadly elliptic, brown-lepidote, the blades ligulate, broadly acute and. apiculate, flat, 5 cm. wide; inflorescences bipinnate, densely cylindric, 20 cm. long, 6 cm. in diameter; primary bracts densely imbricate, the lower subfoliaceous, shorter than the axis, the upper broadly ovate with @ rounded apiculate reflexed apex; fascicles about 10-flowered; floral bracts elliptic, ample, about equaling the sepals, membranaceous, densely and finely appressed-lepidote; pedicels slender, 5 mn. long; sepals oblong, obtuse, 33 mm. long, connate no. 5 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate II 361 Fig. 1, 2: Aechmea zebrina; fig. 3-5: Gusmania acuminata; fig. 6-8: Gusmania danielii. 362 Pi BACT (OAL GGT vA Vol. h, for 20 mm., the same texture as the floral bracts; petals 7 cm. long; stamens included. Pl. II, fig. 6: Habit after Daniel; fig. 7: Flower x 1/2; fig. 8; Sepals x l. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Monte del Diablo, near La Ceja, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, July 1944, by Hermano Daniel (No. 3350). This species appears to be closely related to G. confinis L. B. Smith, but differs from it in its robust habit and large floral bracts which about equal the sepals. GUZMANIA GLOBOSA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Acaulis; vaginis foliorum atro-castaneis, lami- nis graminiformibus, inflorescentiam zulto superan- tibus; scapo decurvato; scapi vaginis imbricatis; inflorescentia simplicissima, dense globosa; sepa- lis magnis, bracteas superantibus, tenuibus, alte connatis. Stemless, the flowering shoot 4 dm. long; leaves 8 dm. long, the sheaths ovate, 3 cm. long, dark castaneous with a narrow green margin, sparsely and obscurely lepidote, the blades linear, 6 mm. wide, green, glabrous or obscurely lepidote; scape de— curved, slender; scape-bracts erect, imbricate, ovate with long foliaceous blades, red, obscurely lepidote; inflorescence simple, densely many- flowered, globose, 8 cm. in diameter, filled with a jelly-like substance in life (! Foster); floral bracts broadly elliptic, obtuse,* 30 mm. long, ex- ceeded by the sepals, membranaceous, transparent, yellow with a red base (! Foster); pedicels obcon- ic, 5 mm. long; sepals 37 mm. long, exceeding the petals and stamens, membranaceous, transparent, obscurely lepidote, green, fused into a cylindrical tube 23 mm. long, the lobes suborbicular; petals white. Pl. III, fig. 1: Habit after Foster; fig. 2: Floral bract, sepals and capsule x l. COLOMBIA: CHOCO: Epiphyte in dense fores t, ridge along Yeraclf{ Valley, Corcovada Region, upper Rfo San Juan, alt. 200-275 m., April 24, 25, 1939, E. P. Killip 35226 (us). EL VALLE: Bpiphyte in woods below La Planta, right side of the Rfo Anchicayd, western slope of the Cordillera Occidental, alt. 400 m., Aug. 5, 1943, J. Cuatrecasas 14875 (F). Bpiphytic, Barco, Rio Cajambre, near the Pacific Coast, alt. 5-80 m., April 21-30, 1944, J. Cuatrecasags 17044 (F). Its long grass-like leaves and thin highly connate sepals place Guzmania globosa with the group of species formerly segregated as the genus no. 5 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 363 Sodiroa. Unlike the majority of these it is sten- less, and it differs from the two remaining, G. sprucei (André) L. B. Smith and G. dissitiflora (André) L. B. Smith, in its dense globose inflores- cence. The species is notable for the extreme delicacy of the bracts and sepals. The jelly—like material in the inflorescence is noted in all four of the collections cited so it seems likely that it is a natural and not a pathological condition. GUZMANIA LYCHNIS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Florifera submetralis; foliis subtus dense brunneo-lepidotis, laminis ligulatis, acutis; inflorescentia bipinnata, cylindrica; bracteis primariis infimis subfoliaceis sed apice inflores- centiae valde distantibus; floribus fasciculatis; bracteis florigeris quam sepala paulo brevioribus; sepalis tenuibus, connatis. Flowering plant 9 dm. high from a long caudex completely submerged in wet soggy masses of mosses, ferns and leaf-mold (! Foster); leaves rosulate, 4-6 dm. long, densely brown-lepidote beneath, white-lepidote above, the sheaths elliptic, large, the blades spreading, ligulate, acute, flat, 4 ca. wide; scape erect or ascending; scape-bracts di- vergent, foliaceous, densely imbricate; inflores- cence cylindric, 25 cm. long; primary bracts spreading, imbricate, the lower ones subfoliaceous but much shorter than the axis of the inflores- cence, dull maroon with green apices, the upper ones broadly ovate and acute; flowers in fascicles of about 10 in the axils of the bracts, almost wholly covered; floral bracts elliptic, slightly shorter than the sepals, membranaceous, densely appressed-lepidote; flowers subsessile; sepals oblong, obtuse, 23 mm. long, membranaceous, dense— ly lepidote; petals linear, obtuse, 45 cm. lone. Pl. III, fig. 3: Inflorescence x 1/5; fig. 4: Branch of inflorescence x 1/2; fig. 5: Sepals xl. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in pdramo cloud forest, Alto de Cruz, above Encano, Territo- ry of Putumayo, Colombia, altitude 3,300 meters, November 1, 1946, by M. B. and R. Foster (No. 2045). This species shows its closest affinity with Guzmania confinis L. B. Smith, from which it dif- fers in having about three times as many flowers in each fascicle and the floral bracts only a little shorter than the sepals. 36), Po eer oe Vol. h, no. 5 GUZMANIA SIBUNDOYORUM L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Semimetralis; foliis rubro-striatis, obscuris- sime lepidotis, laminis ligulatis; inflorescentia dense bipinnata; bracteis primariis foliaceis, infimis apicem inflorescentiae superantibus; ramis fere omnino abortivis, flores 3 fasciculatos gerentibus; sepalis alte connatis, bracteas flori- geras paulo superantibus. Terrestrial or rarely epiphytic, growing in dense masses and bearing long stolons, flowering shoot 5 dm. high (! Foster); leaves 3 dm. long, very obscurely lepidote, marked with fine maroon longitudinal stripes, the sheaths elliptic, ample, the blades ligulate, acute, flat, 20-35 mm. wide; scape erect; scape-bracts foliaceous, densely im- bricate; inflorescence densely bipinnate; primary bracts foliaceous, red or red-striped, the lower ones exceeding the center of the inflorescence; branches almost wholly aborted, bearing a fascicle of 3 flowers; floral bracts obovate, apiculate, slightly shorter than the sepals, thin, sparsely appressed-lepidote; sepals oblong, 12 mm. long, connate about 3/4 of their length, yellow, the lobes suborbicular; petals 25-40 mm. long, white. Pl. III, fig. 6: Primary bract x 1/2; fig. 7: Branch of inflorescence x 1/2; fig. 8: Flower x l. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on a heavy mat of branches and leaf~mold in the sun, near Buenos Aires, beyond Sibumoy, Territory of Putumayo, Colombia, altitude 2,700 meters, October 29, 1946, by M. B. and RB. Foster (No. 2008). COLOMBIA: PUTUMAYO: Near La Laguna de La Cocha, by Nariffo boundary, Feb. 1942, R. E. Schultes (US). Epiphyte, Sibundoy, Valley of Sibundoy, alt. 2,225=2,300 m., May 29, 1946, BR. EB. Schultes & M. Villarreal 6605a (US). At the suggestion of Mulford Foster this species is named for the Sibundoy Indians who use it to ornament their houses. From the nearly related Guzmania longipetala (Baker) Mez it differs in its greater size, dense inflorescence and more numerous flowers. Thecophyllum squarrosum Mez & Sodiro must belong to Gugmania judging by its highly connate sepals, and from this G. sibundoyorum differs in its obscurely lepidote leaves and bracts, fewer- flowered fascicles and smaller sepals. GUZMANIA TRIANGULARIS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AG. conifera André, cui affinis, foliis acuti- oribus, sepalis minoribus, dense adpresseque lepidotis differt. 365 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 1953 Plate III F) / LAA NS ; WS NES _ \ fig. 3-5: Guzmania sibundoyorun. - 6-8: 1, 2: Gugmania globosa; fig Fig. Guzmania lychnis; 366 PPE tT OLo Gee Vol. h, no. 5 About 1 meter high; leaves to 11 dm. long, the sheaths broadly ovate, dark castaneous, covered with minute appressed pale brown scales, the blades ligulate, subacute and apiculate, 4 cm. wide, green, concolorous, whitish-lepidote beneath; scape erect, stout, glabrous; scape-bracts strict, folia- ceous or subfoliaceous, densely imbricate; inflo- rescence simple, strobilate, ellipsoid, 8 cm. long, 6 cm. in diameter, many-flowered; floral bracts strict, much exceeding the sepals, appressed- lepidote, the base broadly ovate, even, castaneous, the apex triangular, strongly nerved, green; pedi- cels broadly obconic, compressed, 4 mm. long; sepals obovate, 16 mm. long, connate for 6 m., coriaceous, densely pale-lepidote; petal-blades elliptic, obtuse, about 7 mm. long, yellow-brown. Pl. IV, fig. 1: Apex of leaf x 1/2; fig. 2: Inflo- rescence x 1/2; fig. 3: Sepale x l. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, Nos. 2048075 and 2048076, collected in a moist shady gorge, Quebrada Fl Pato, El Cidro, Rfo Pomera, 11 km, southeast of Moniquira, Department of Boyaca, Colombia, latitude 5° 47' north, longitude 73° 21! west, altitude 2,355 meters, August 20, 1944, by H. St. John (No. 20664). GUZMANIA VERECUNDA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Inflorescentia dense bipinnatim paniculata; bracteis primariis erectis, magnis, flores multo superantibus; ramis abortivis, paucifloris; brac- teis florigeris sepala superantibus, coriaceis; sepalis liberis, coriaceis. Epiphytic, stemless; leaves to 45 cm. long, exceeding the inZlorescence, subdensely lepidote with brown appressed scales, the sheaths elliptic, 8-10 cm. long, dark castaneous, the blades ligu- late, acuminate, 25 mm. wide, flat, green; scape erect, short; scape-bracts strict, densely imbri- cate, foliaceous, the upper ones roseate; inflores— cence bipinnate, 15 cm. long; primary bracts broad- ly ovate with a subtriangular blade, erect, much exceeding the flowers, roseate with a castaneous base; branches reduced to pulvini, few-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, inflexed at the apex, exceeding the sepals, their apical third pale brown and subchartaceous, elsewhere castaneous and coriaceous; flowers subsessile; sepals like the floral bracts, 20 mm. long, free; petals naked, their claws united to form a tube. Pl. IV, fig. 4: Apex of leaf x 1; fig. 5: Inflorescence x 1/2; Fig. 6: Spike x l. Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 367 1953 Plate IV triangularis; Fig. 46: Fig. 1-3: Guzmania Gugmania verecunia. 368 Pi Bip By On Ti Oy iGy, Tach Vol. h, now5 Type in the Comisidn de Botanica de la Secreta- rfa de Agricultura y Fomento del Departamento del Valle del Cauca, collected on the right bank of the Rfo San Juan below El Queremal, between kilometers 52 and 53, basin of the Rfo Digua, Department of Hl Valle, Colombia, altitude 1,500 meters, March 19, 1947, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 23875). A NEW SPECIES OF SPHENODESME Harold N. Moldenke SPHENODESME CLEMENSORUM Moldenke, sp. nov Frutex scandens; ramulis gracilibus minute puberulis; petiolis B--12 mm. longis adpresso-puberulis; laminis chartaceis ellipti- cis obtuse breviterque acuminatis integris, ad basin acutis, sup- ra glabris nitidisque, subtus dense albo-tomentellis; practeis 6 purpureis oblanceolatis utrinque brunneo-puberulis acutis, ad basin attenuatis. Scandent shrub; branches slender, minutely brown-puberulent; nodes obscurely annulate; principal internodes 3--5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles slender, 8--12 mm. long on mature leaves, densely appressed=puberulent; blades chartaceous, dark-green and brunnescent above in drying, whitish beneath, el- liptic, 6.5--8 cm. long, 2.5--l, cm. wide, bluntly short-acumin- ate at apex, acute at base, entire, glabrous and shiny above, very densely appressed-tomentellous with whitish hairs beneath; midrib very slender, impressed above, prominent and puberulent beneath; secondaries 5--7, very slender, arcuate-ascending, in- discernible above, prominulous beneath; veinlet reticulation sparse, indiscernible above, prominulous beneath; inflorescence racemiform, 15 or more cm. long, borne singly in the upper axils, often with a few pairs of greatly reduced leaves toward the base; peduncles very slender, 2--3 cm. long, densely brown-puberulent, tetragonal; pedicels filiform, to 15 mm. long, densely brow=pub- erulent; bracts dull-purplish when fresh, 6 in number, borne in 2 eroups of 3 each, oblanceolate, 13-25, mm. long, heey mm. wide, acute at apex, long-attenuate to base, brownish=puberulent on both surfaces, with a distinct midrib. and some side-veinlets; calyx campanulate, firm, about ) mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, con- spicuously longitudinally ribbed, densely white-puberulent, its rim conspicuously 6-lobed, the lobes about 0.5 mm. long, triange lar-acute, in fruit enlarged to 12 m, and 6 m. wide, with the lobes about 2 mm. long; corolla included or equaling the calyx; stamens barely visible beyond the corolla-mouth; anthers white. The type of this distinctive species was collected by Joseph and Mary Knapp Clemens in a hill forest at low elevation, Gat, Upper Rejang River, Sarawak, on June 31, 1929, and is no. 5651 (herb. no. 21781), deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. PHYTOLOGIA is financed entirely by its contributors, each one paying in advance for the entire cost of printing, binding, and distributing his con- tribution. All money received from subscribers, after the expenses of collection have been deducted, will be distributed among the contributors upon the completion of a volume, in proportion to the space which they have used, Each contributor is therefore a shareholder in the magazine, assuming his part of the seni and sharing i in the profit:, if based accrue, Each number consists of not less than 32 pages. All manuscript — accepted will be published in the next issue, so that the size of numbers may vary greatly. 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Advice on the suitability of manuscripts will be solicited, if necessary, from quali- fied botanists. ¢ Under the present cost of printing, the basic rate for a page or fraction . thereof is $1.65 for an edition of 200 copies. This price is subject to change _ & ‘4 without notice, since it depends entirely on the prices prevailing ix the f ‘ printing industry. Reprints will be furnished at cost. A proportionate fraction of the edition of 200 «opies is also furnished gratis to contributors. — aii Upon request, the editors will send detailed instructions concerning tine’ ony 5 preparation of manuscript or further information about the magazine. In- = quiries may be addressed to the magazine or to either editor. Pay POLOGTLA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 4 November, 1953 No. 6 CONTENTS FIARKNESS, B., Hortus durobrivensts [1 ....0....0..0l0...ccclecsceesechssvtons. 369 Smit, L. B., Notes on Bromeliaceae. TIT .......c...ccccccccscescesescevessen 378 Mo.penkE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus PR RMMEIT SOR Ty os Nee, an fa A sue hc Abrus Retioy Repay (Sana Des 384 ee eooealea*geeeeeoooooooooo ee K—————qQ[—iaYeeeeSeeeeeSSS™ Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 15 Glenbrook Avenue Yonkers 5, New York Price of this number, 75 cents; per volume, $5 in advance Vol. 4, No. 5, was issued August 29, 1953 HORTUS DUROBRIVENSIS II. Bernard Harkness ABIES, Miller - Gard. Dict. 1754 PINACEAE -- Pine Family. Abies alba, Mill. SILVER FIR c & s Europe Miller - Gard. Dict. 1768 ee ee ee eee eee ee ee Bailey 91 (1948); Dallimore & Jackson 113 (1948) Two trees, only, remain of plantings made of Sil- ver Fir from 1897 to 1918, and although one has reached 50 feet in height its appearance is poor. Dry summer weather and injury from winter sun are the factors which limit their ornamental usefulness in Highland Park. Our plants all came from the Roches- ter nursery firm of Fllwanger and Barry and very likely were seed impottations of northern origin. There may be strains better adapted to this area from its southern range in the Balkan mountains. Abies alba f. pendula (Carr.) Rehd. WEEPING SILVER FIR Vosges mts., France Rehder - Bibliog. of Cult. Trees & Shrubs (1949) a i i a a a a ee ee ee a ee Bean I,130 (1950); Hornibrook 20 (1938) In nature this form is known only from the Vosges range in France just west of Germany's Black Forest region. The East Friesland references pertain to a forest planting near the North Sea. Two upright trees, now 25 feet high, in Durand-Eastman Park seem identifiable with the wild weeping form of Silver Fir. Its present good appearance seems to indicate a greater tolerance of an adverse climate than any strain of Silver Fir so far grown here. Weeping Sil- ver Fir first came to Highland Park from Manda in 1905; the existing trees may have been propagated here later. 369 370 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 Abies amabilis, (Loud.) Forbes CASCADE FIR B. C. to Oregon Forbes - Pinetum Woburn. 1839 ee ee ae eS a eee a Se Bailey 93 (1948); Dom. For. Serv. 68 (1949) Cascade Fir has endured rather than thrived in Rochester. It reached here by way of Veitch Nurser- ies, England, in several importations from 1899 to 1905. Only one tree remains in Highland Park in a protected spot. Its growth has always been noted as slow and the surviving tree is about 22 feet high. Abies balsamea, (L.) Miller BALSAM FIR e N. America Miller - Gard. Dict. 1768 ee we ee ee ee ee errr Bean 1,120 (1950); Peattie 57 (1950) The Balsam Fir is not long-lived when planted in Rochester. Plantings were made throughout the parks from a purchase of 100 plants in 1904 from R. Douglas Sons, Waukegan, Illinois. None of these now survive. Our oldest plants are in Durand-Eastman Park. They were received as var. macrocarpa from the Arnold Ar- boretum in 1920, but observation of their coning here indicates that these, at least, do not differ from the type (v. Viguié et Gaussen). Cones are produced on young trees such as were planted in Highland Park from a local nursery in 1950. Abies cephalonica, Loud. GREEK FIR mts. of Greece Loudon - Gard. Mag. 1838 Viguié & Gaussen 118 (1929); Wyman 112 (1951) Though subject to burning of the needles in se- vere winters, Greek Fir does make a good specimen tree. For planting in Durand-Eastman Park, several seedlings were obtained from Hick's Nurseries, Long Island, in 1922. These are now handsome trees of 25 and 30 foot heights. One tree of this lot is a hy- brid. One older tree remains in Highland Park, a venerable specimen 60 feet in height, in good health and coning. The plant received here in 1905 as A. Reginae-Amaliae from the Arnold Arboretum seems not distinguishable from typical Greek Fir, although it 1953 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis 371 has been cited as the var. Apollonis (A. D. Slavin in Chittenden - Conifers in Cultivation). Abies cilicica, (Ant. & Kotschy) Carr. CILICIAN FIR Asia Minor, Syria Carriere - Traite Conif. 1855 Dallimore & Jackson 125 (1948); Pardé 74 (1938) Many plants have been received at Highland Park as Cilician Fir, but cone studies have narrowed down the correct specimens to two trees, now 20 and 32 feet tall. They are, quite possibly, the two receiv- ed from Ellwanger & Barry in 1918. As generally re- ported, this fir suffers badly from winter burning and it cannot be recommended as an ornamental tree for this area. Though associated in nature with the hardy Cedar of Lebanon, it lacks the ability to thrive as that tree has here. Dallimore in the re- cent RHS Dictionary of Gardening notes that it is un- common in cultivation. Abies concolor, (Gord.) Hoopes WHITE FIR wN. America Hoopes - Book Evergr. 1868 Bailey 93 (1948); Wyman 111 (1951) The only reservation to naming White Fir as the preferred fir to grow in this region arises from the weakness of old specimens in recent wind storms. The earliest record of acquisition is 1895 from Ellwanger and Barry. One of these now approaches 70 feet in height. One remaining tree of those labelled f. vio- lacea has finally been rejected as not truly repre- sentative of that forma. Abies Ernesti, Rehd. WILSON FIR w China Rehder in Jour. Arn. Arb. 1939 den Ouden 55 (1949); Pourtet et Duchaufour 97 (1944) Though their source remains unknown, two young trees have borne cones in the past few years that seem to confirm the identification by needle charac- teristics of this West China fir. According to Cheng 372 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 it is widespread in the mountains of West China in the lower altitudes. First known as A. Beissneriana and not widely grown at present, it seems a fir that may well become an important ornamental. As time goes on familiar names become confused, hence Ernest Fir as proposed by Standardized Plant Names is re- jected here and Wilson Fir substituted for English usage. Abies Fargesii, Franch. FARGES FIR ce China Franchet - Jour. de Bot. 1899 Bean I,122 (1950); Hillier in Chittenden 226 (1932) A leaderless plant, only, remains in the Highland Park pinetum from Wilson's #4451, as distributed by the Arnold Arboretum in 1915. As Mr. Hillier notes, there is pubescence on some branchlets, especially the lesser ones where it is thick in the slight grooves of the stem. Its habit of growth seems to be in response to difficulties with our winter climate, as erect branchlets have started up only to be killed back. It is vigorous within its height limits of six feet, spreading to twelve feet. Abies homolepis, S & Z. NIKKO FIR Japan Siebold & Zuccarini - Fl. Jap. 1842 ee ee ee a ee Dallimore & Jackson 139 (1948); Wyman 112 (1951) _ In Rochester Nikko Fir has prospered very well. It seems to be the preferable tree of the shining dark green, white-banded reverse, needled group. It is conspicuous among firs by its bark, reddish and flaking off in small patches. Our oldest tree ( Veitch 1906) is now about 55 feet tall and in good condition. Abies homolepis var. umbellata,(Mayr.) Wils. GREENCONE NIKKO FIR Japan Wilson - Conif. Taxads Japan. 1916 Viguié et Gaudsen 541 (1929); Slavin in Chitten- den 92 (1932) 1953 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis 373 The first plantings of this variety, which ap- pears to differ only in the color of the cones, have proved to be normal purple-coned Nikko Fir. [In Dur- and-Eastman Park are true green-coned plants raised from seed, Wilson's #7707, from 1,500 meters eleva- tion in the mountains at Nikko. We received small plants from the Arnold Arboretum in 1918. Abies koreana, Wils. KOREAN FIR Korea Wilson in Journ. Arn. Arb. 1920 Bean 1,126 (1950); den Ouden 63 (1949) One plant received from the Arnold Arboretum in 1921 and grown in a favorable situation in Durand- Eastman Park represents this alpine species from southern Korea and the island of Quelpaert. Though it has coned for several years, our Korean Fir has reached only 15 feet in height. It has the stiff habit of a high mountain tree. Abies lasiocarpa, (Hook.) Nutt. ROCKY MOUNTAIN FIR w N. America Nuttali - N. Am. Sylva.1849 Bailey 92 (1948); Dom. For. Ser. 66 (1949) Early plantings from Veitch in 1899 were noted by John Dunbar as very hardy and quite promising. How- ever, as with Balsam Fir, the promise of good growth in young plants never has been fulfilled by shapely mature specimens. The Veitch plants are gone, the oldest tree in Highland Park is about 30 feet tall, a narrow-columnar tree. A younger tree in Durand-East- man Park is still good in appearance and from 1938 to 1948 grew from 8 feet to 14 feet. Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica, (Merriam) Lemm. ARIZONA CORK FIR Ariz. & N. Mex. to Col. Lemmon in Sierra Club Bull. 1897 a ae a ee ee den Ouden 48 (1949); Pardé 86 (1938) European authorities recognize Arizona Cork Fir as a distinct species. If it must remain as a var- iety of A. lasiocarpa, its variance from typical maw terial should be better know. Its natural adapta- tions to a dryer and hotter climate greatly increase 374 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, no. 6 its worth as an ornamental in the Eastern states. Its light blue-green, glaucous needles are as strik- ing as the lighter color forms of Picea pungens, and in texture and habit the fir is much to be preferred. In Europe where it has been widely tested its hardi- ness has been well proven. First imported from the Veitch nursery in 1906, a Highland Park tree now is 40 feet high with a half inch of corky bark develop- ed. Younger trees in Durand-Eastman Park are perfect specimens branched to the ground. Abies nephrolepis, (Trautv.) Maxim. KHINGAN FIR e Sib., n China, Korea Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 1866 Bean I,128 (1950); Dallimore & Jackson 153 (1948) The cultural requirements of Kinghan Fir are too exacting to class it as a good ornamental. However, on a hillside with north-east exposure at Durand- Eastman Park one tree has grown from 12 feet in 1938 to nearly 40 feet in 1953, holding its lower branches in good condition. Our trees are from Korea, E. H. Wilson's # 11,252, where its habitat is in the moun- tains. Abies Nordmanniana, (Stev.) Spach NORDMANN FIR Cauc., Asia Minor, Greece Spach - Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 1842 —o- ee ee EE EE EE EE HE SEE Bailey 90 (1948); Boom 93 (1949) The esteem in which Nordmann Fir is held as an ornamental seems well deserved from the several trees in the collections here. They are approaching their mature stages in good condition. Coning seems more consistent every year on Nordmann than any other fir we grow. The first acquisition date recorded is 1902 when young plants came from the Ellwanger and Barry nursery. Abies Nordmanniana f. tortifolia, Rehd. TWISTLEAF NORDMANN FIR hort. form Rehder in Jour. Arn. Arb. 1923 Bailey 91 (1948) For a time from the Bayard Cutting estate, Oak- 1953 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis 375 dale, Long Island, surplus plants were sold by Mr. C. W. Knight under the name of Westbrook Gardens. In 1923 we received some firs from this source. A mixup in labelling followed and the name A. numidica became attached to the tree in Durand-Eastman Park now de- termined to be this plant. Typical Nordmann Fir cones Mave been borne in recent years by this fine specimen tree now about 20 feet high. Abies procera, Rehd. NOBLE FIR Calif. to Wash. Rehder in Rhodora. 1940 Bailey 94 (1948); Peattie 198 (1953) In no situatton has this west coast species of fir been able to accomodate itself to the change of climate. Nor does its blue-green needled form, f. lauca, produce over the years, it has been here since 1918, anything but a stunted, poor specimen. Abies recurvata, Mast. MIN FIR w China Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 1906 Cheng 98 (1939); Larsen 63 (1948) This year (1953) is the first coning for Min Fir in Rochester. Seedlings received in 1914 from Vicary Gibbs of England have progressed in Durand-Eastman Park far ahead of those in Highland Park. In height they have reached 30 feet. These represent Wilson's #4051 from a western Szechuan locale near the Min River. Abies sachalinensis, (Fr. Schmidt) Mast. SAGHALIN FIR n Japan Masters in Gard. Chron. 1879 Dallimore & Jackson 165 (1948): Kempe pl.10 (1940 One tree now over 20 feet high in good condition at Durand-Eastman Park indicates that we can keep Saghalin Fir in our collection; an older tree in Highland Park is in poor shape. The younger tree came from the Arnold Arboretum in 1919, a seedling from the E. H. Wilson collection #7316. A single tree in Durand-Eastman Park is labelled for the var. 376 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 nemorensis, a cone-variant only, but as no cones have been observed its authenticity is not yet es- tablished. Abies sibirica, Ledb. SIBERIAN FIR n Asia Ledebour - Fl. Alt. 1833 a a a a a a ee Bailey 82 (1948); Pardé 77 (1938) The R. Douglas Sons Nursery of Waukegan, Illinois in 1905 supplied the lone Siberian Fir which now with a 3-stemmed trunk reaches nearly 40 feet in height in Highland’ Park. Its condition is only fair, without lower branches, and in appearance it is not an orna- mental tree. Abies Veitchii, Lindl. VEITCH FIR mts. of c Japan. Lindley in Gard. Chron. 1861 —_ ee eT eS Ee EE SE ee den Ouden 79 (1949); Pardé 78 (1938) Named for its discoverer, John Gould Veitch, on Mt. Fujiyama in 1861, and grown by the Veitch Nur- sery from seeds from Japan in 1879, this fir, quite fittingly, came to Highland Park as 3 good-sized (4') plants from the Veitch Nursery in 1899. They have prospered here and have reached the 60-70 foot height of mature trees in the Japanese forests. Veitch Fir has long been noted as showing the greatest contrast in firs between the green of the upper surface and the whiteness of the under surface of the needles. Aties Veitchii var. olivaceae, Shir. GREENCONE VEITCH FIR mts. of c Japan Shirasawa in Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 1913 a i i a a a ee = = Wilson 62 (1916) From the Wilson seed collection #7525 in the year 1914 numerous seedlings were raised but the specimens are now reduced to one tree in Durand-Eastman Park whose cones borne in some abundance this year (1953) show no purple tints at all. No other marked differ- ence appears in the cultivated plants from typical Veitch Fir with which it is mingled in its native stands. 1953 1948 1950 1949 237 1932 1948 1949 1949 1938 1940 1948 1938 1950 LFS 1944 1929 1916 P95 Harkness, Hortus durobrivensis 377 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bailey, L. H. The Cultivated Conifers in North America New York. Bean, W. J. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, 7th ed. London. Boom, B. K. Nederlandse Dendrologie. Wageningen. Cheng, W. C. Les For&ts du Se-tchouan et du Si-kang Orientale. Toulouse. Chittenden, F. J., ed. Conifers in Cultivation. London. Dallimore, W. & Jackson, A. B. A Handbook of Coniferae, 3rd ed. London. den Ouden, P. Coniferen, Ephedra en Ginkgo. Wageningen. Dominion Forest Service. Native Trees of Canada, Ath ed. Ottawa. Hornibrook, M. Dwarf and Slow-growing Conifers, 2nd ed. London. Kempe, S. M. Arboretum Drafle. Uppsala. Larsen, C. S. Arboretet I H@érsholm og Forstbotanisk. Stockholm. Pardé, L. Les Coniféres. Paris. Peattie, D. C. A Natural History of Trees of Eastern and Central North America. Boston. Peattie, D. C.. A Natural History of Western Trees. Boston. Pourtet, J. & Duchaufour, Ph. Catalogue des Especes Cultivéés dans l'tArboretum des Barres. Paris. Viguié, M-Th. & Gaussen, H. Révision du Genre Abies. Toulouse. Wilson, E. H. Conifers and Taxads of Japan. Cambridge. Wyman, D. Trees for American Gardens. New York. NOTES ON BROMELIACEAE. IIT Lyman B. Smith VENEZUELA NAVIA CRISPA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AN. glauca L. B. Smith, cui affinis, laminis foliorum margine valde crispatis, inflorescentia e spicis mltis brevibus digitatim bipinnata differt. Plant low; stem to 10 cm. long, covered with the remains of old leaves; living leaves numerous in a dense rosette at the apex of the stem, 2) cm. long, the sheaths broadly ovate, short, brown, the blades linear, acuminate, 12 mm. wide, subdensely serrulate, strongly crisped along the margin, marked with a pale median stripe, sparsely and obscurely white=-pilose beneath; in- florescence sessile, subglobose, digitately bipinnate from many short spikes; outer bracts few, foliaceous but greatly reduced; floral bracts broadly ovate, acute, about equaling the sepals, subentire, thin, white, minutely pilosulous; pedicels short; sepals free, lanceolate, acute, 8 mm. long, strongly nerved, brown, pilosulous, the posterior ones narrowly alate-carinate; petals white (J Maguire); capsule shorter than the sepals; seeds naked, dark, reticulate. Pl. I, fig. 1: Leaf-blade x 1; fig. 2: Floral bract x 5; fig. 3: Posterior sepals x 5. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 202889, collected among boulders near northeast base of mountain, Cerro Moriche, Rfo Ventuari, Amazonas, Venezuela, altitude 250 meters, January 16, 1951, by Bassett Maguire, R. S. Cowan and John J. Wurdack (No. 30966). Dr. Maguire has kindly consented to my anticipating the publication of the above species in his report in order that it may be used elsewhere in the meantime. COLOMBIA GUZMANIA GLOBOSA L. B. Smith, Phytologia ):362. 1953. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on mounds of mdss, above El Diviso, Department of Narifio, Colombia, altitude 705 meters, November 13, 196, by M. B. and R. Foster (No. 2152). By an inexplicable oversight, the type reference was omitted in the original description of this species although reference was made to the observations with it in noting the jelly in the inflorescence and the color of the floral bracts. PITCAIRNIA ECHINATA Hook. var. VALLENSIS L. B. Smith, var. nove A var. echinata differt petalis roseo-aurantiacis nudis. Differs from the typical variety in its rose-orange naked petals. Also the stamens are slightly exserted contrary to what is indicated by Hooker. Mez, however, included other collections under P. echinata and called the stamens exserted (DC. Mon. Phan. 9:16; Pflanzenfam. IV. 32:2h)). 378 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 379 Plate I Fig. 1-3: Navia crispa; fig. l-6: Pitcairnia occidentalis. 380 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 Type in the Chicago Natural History Museum, collected on lomas of the Cuchilla de Santa B4rbara, Cartago, Department of El Valle, Colombia, altitude 1,000-1,1)0 meters, Novenber 17, 1946, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 22963). PITCAIRNIA OCCIDENTALIS L. B. Smith, SPe nov. A P. reflexiflora André, cui vix affinis sed in clave Mezii juxta ponenda, infl orescentia laxe pauciflora, floribus secun- dis, pedicellis minoribus, sepalis majoribus differt. Epiphytic, caulescent, flowering shoot 2 cm. high; stem mm. in diameter, covered with roots and old leaf-bases; leaves all alike, fascicled at the apex of the stem, 5-6 dm, long, en- tire, sparsely and very obscurely brown-lepidote beneath, gla= brous above, the sheaths small, ovate, the petioles short but distinct, the blades linear-lanceolate with a strong narrow median channel, flat, caudate-acuminate, to 30 mm. wide; scape erect, very slender, brown-flocculose; scape-bracts large, all but the uppermost exceeding the internodes, but divergent and very narrow so that the scape is completely exposed; inflores- cence simple, very laxly 6-flowered, 12 cm. long, sparszly and obscurely flocculose when young; floral bracts ovate, acute, exceeding the pedicels, thin; pedicels 7 mm. long; flowers secund, orange; sepals oblong, broadly rounded and apiculate, 30 mm. long, ecarinate, thin; petals naked; ovary largely superior. Pl. I, fig. h: Plant x 1/10; figs S: Flower x 1; fig. 6: Sepal x 1. Type in the Comisién de BotAnica de la Secretaria de Agri- cultura y Fomento del Departamento del Valle del Cauca, collected at Cérdoba, basin of the Rio Dagua, western slope of the Cordillera Occidental, Department of El Valle, Colombia, altitude 39-60 meters, November 1), 195, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 1989). The flowers are so young in the only inflorescence now available that it is impossible to verify the form of the ovules or the relative length of petals and stamens at anthesis. PITCATRNIA VERRUCOSA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Planta e fragmentis solum cognita, a P. spectabili Mez, cui affinis, pedicellis fere rectis, sepalis verrucosis, petalis appendiculatis differt. Caulescent; stem erect, probably climbing, 1 cm. in diameter, the lower part long-setose with the persistent nerves of de- cayed leaves; leaves all alike, entire, rigic, glabrous, the sheaths broadly ovate, encircling the stem, brown, the petioles 3 dm. long, slightly widened toward the base and apex, centrally 6 mm. wide with a strong median channel, the blades lance- oblong, flat, 3-l dm. long, 7-8 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded at the base, bright violet beneath, green above; scape and axis of the inflorescence unknown; inflorescence probably simple; floral bracts ovate, acuminate, 17 mm. long; pedicels spreading, nearly straight, slender, ) cm. long, verrucose and lepidote toward the apex; sepals very narrowly triangular, obtuse, 6 cm. long, 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 381 Plate II Fig. l-: Pitcairnia verrucosa; fig. 5-7: Puya sanctae-martae. 382 P Aeyet-OrLvOrG Lh Vol. 4, no. 6 coarsely verrucose especially at the green base, elsewhere red-violet; petals 9 cm. long, acute, reddish yellow, at base bearing a bidentate scale 13 mm. long; ovary almost wholly superior. Pl. II, fig. 1: Leaf x 1/10; fig. 2: Floral bract and flower x 1; fig. 3: Sepal x 1; fig. h: Base of petal x l. Type in the Chicago Natural History Museum, collected in a ravine by Km. 51, left bank of the Rfo San Juan, near Queremal, basin of the Rio Digua, western slope of the Cordillera Occi- dental, Department of El Valle, Colombia, altitude 1,5)0-1,650 meters, February 25, 1917, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 23738). PUYA SANCTAE=MARTAE L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A P. kuntzeana Mez, cui in clave Mezii juxta ponenda, pedi- cellis longioribus, sepalis mlto minoribus differt. Aggregated, flowering plant at least 7 dm. high (the top of the inflorescence missing in the single very old specimen seen); leaves many, densely rosulate, 3 dm. long, the blades narrowly triangular, 3 cm. wide, flat, laxly serrate with pale curved spines mm long, glabrous at least with age; scape erect, 15 mm. in diameter, glabrous; scape-bracts numerous, very densely imbricate, only the lowest at all foliaceous, the others thin and deciduous with age, probably reflexed but undoubtedly completely covering the scape; inflorescence simple, racemose, densely cylindric, 30-5 cm. long (1 Foster), 7 cm. in diameter and glabrous in fruit; axis stout; floral bracts reflexed in age lanceolate, 5 cm. long, thin; pedicels arcuate-spreading, 15 mm. long, rather slender and slightly thickened toward apex; sepals lanceolate, about 25 mm. long, ecarinate, nerved; petals contor- ted in drying; seeds alate. Pl. II, fig. 5: Plant x 1/20; fig. 6: Leaf-margin x 1; fig. 7: Floral bract and flower x l. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on perpendicular rocks in full sun, mountains above Hacienda Cincinnati, Santa Marta, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, August 196, by M. B. and R. Foster and E. Smith (No. 1,08). Duplicate in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano. Because of the extreme age of our only material of sanctae-martae it is not possible to give further distinctions from P. Kuntzeana although others such as the character of the indument seem very probable. BOLIVIA BILLBERGIA CARDENASII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A B. stenopetala Harms, cui affinis, bracteis florigeris quam Ovario brevioribus, sepalis minoribus late acutds, tubo epigyno angusto differt. Leaf-blade ligulate, broadly acute and apiculate, ) dm. long, 35 mm. wide, covered on both sides with coarse cinereous appressed scales, laxly serrate with dark curved teeth 2 m. long; scape slender, densely and very finely white-flocculose; scape-bracts lanceolate, acute, 13 cm. long, rose; inflorescence simple, densely many-flowered, its axis white-flocculose; floral 1953 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate III LAT) Wane G GE ” all = of, fy} AS Va &\ Billbergia cardenasii 383 38h, Pot Se TsO) LOeGoT ok Vol. h, no. 6 bracts ovate, acute, shorter than the ovaries, membranaceous, glabrous except at base; sepals equal, ovate, broadly acute, 10 mm. long, thin, nerved, orange, nearly glabrous; petals linear, acute, spirally recurved, 5 cm. long, yellow, bearing two broadly obovate denticulate scales at base; ovary ellipsoid, strongly trigonous, 10 mn. long, sulcate, white-flocculose, epigynous tube small and narrow. Pl. III, fig. 1: Inflorescence x1/2;fig. 2: Floral bract and flower x 1; fig. 3: Sepals x 1; fig. h: Petal x 1; fig. 5: Longitudinal section of ovary xl... Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2103978, collected from material cultivated in Cochabamba and of uncertain origin, although probably from Yungas del Chapare, Department of Cochabamba, Bolivia, February 1952, by M. C4rdenas (No. 907). It is a pleasure to dedicate this handsome species to Dr. Martin C4rdenas who already has discovered many new and beautiful bromeliads. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS AEGIPHILA. XII Harold N. Moldenke AEGIPHILA Jacq. Literature: Briquet in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (3a): 166. 189); Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. : 83. 1934; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 245-—-l77. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 182— 208, 222--2h0, & 248—272 (1937), 1: 289--30h (1938), 1: 364— 368 (1939), 2: 57-6 (1941), 2: 387--400 (1947), 2: 437-50 (1948), 3: L6--48 (1948), and 4: 347--354. 1953; Moldenke, Lil- loa 4: 315—316. 1939; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 200--201. 1940; Sampaio & Peckolt, Arquiv. Mus. Nac. Rio 37: 33h. 1943; Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 19 (10): 163--16. 1951. Additions and corrections to the List of Excluded Species published by me in Brittonia 1: 471-72 (1934) are as follows: Aegiphila capitata Banks & Soland. ex Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. st Invalid Names 1, in syn. 190 -=- not verbenaceous,. Aegiphila incana Turez., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. 36 (2): 215, 1836 = Callicarpa cubensis Urb. [not C. incana as stated previously]. Aegiphila laevigata A. L. Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 7: 76. 1806 = Parameria laevigata (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke. Aegiphila paludosa T. S. Brandeg., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. h: 191. 1913 = Clerodendrum ligustrinum var, paludosum (T. S. Brandeg.) Moldenke [not typical Cc. ligustrinum as stated previously]. 0; Aegiphila pauciflora Von Rohr ex Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 3, in syn. 1940 = Ixora ferrea (Jacq.) 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 385 Benth.? Aegiphila viburnifolia A. L. Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 5°16. = Elaeodendron viburnifolium (A. L. Juss.) Merr. Aegiphila virgata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36 (2): 220. 1563 = Arrabidaea corchorioides (Cham.) P. DC. Aeguephila rugosa Hort. ex Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names L, in syn. 190 —- not verbenaceous. Amerina triphylla (Hochst.) A. DC., Prodr. 9: 513. 1845 = Clero- dendrum glabrum E. Mey. AEGIPHILA ACULEIFERA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 18--185 & 222 (1937), 1: 290 (1938), 1: 378 (1940), 2: 57—-58 (191), 2: 90 (19hk), 2: 388 (1947), and 4: 347. 1953. AEGIPHILA ALBA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 185--186 (1937), 1: 290 (1938), 2: 90 (194k), 2: 388-389 (1947), and h: 347. 1953; Little, Carib. Forester 9: 269. 199. AEGIPHILA ANOMALA Pittier Literature: Pittier, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 181, fig. 19. 1909; Fedde, Repert. 8: 533. 1909; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. hs: 5. 1913; Bot. Gaz. 57: 426. 1914; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 288-289, 1934; Moldenke, Phytolog- ia 1: 186--187 & 222 (1937), 1: 380 (1940), 2: 58-59 (1941), 2: 90 (1944), and 2: 389. 1947. AEGIPHILA BRACHIATA Vell. Literature: Vell., Fl. Flum. 38 (1825), Icones 1: 93. 1827; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. : 12h. 1845; DC., Prodr. 11: 651. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 28. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 310—311. 193k; Moldenke, Phyt- ologia 1: 189 (1937), 1: 381 (1940), 2: 59 (1941), 2: 390 (1947), 2: 433 (1948), and h: 349. 1953; Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 1 (10): 170. 1951. A. triantha Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 650--651. 187; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 283--28). 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 7. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (3a): 166. 1895; Glaz. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Frang. 58, Mém. 3: 546. 1911; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929. AEGIPHILA CANDELABRUM Briq. Literature: Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 4: 1167. 190h; Chodat, Plant. Hassler. 2: 50h. 190; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 4. 1908; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 26--28. 193h; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 1: 192—-193 (1937), 1: 381 (1940), 2: 59-60 (191), 2: 433 (1948), and h: 349. 1953; F. C. Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. e Num. Pl, Col. Com. Rondon 345. 1951. AEGIPHILA CHRYSANTHA Hayek 386 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 Literature: Hayek in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 42: 171-172. 1909; Prain, Ind, Kew. Suppl. 4: 5. 1913; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 425— 426. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 19) (1937), 1: 290 (1938), 1: 381 (1940), 2: 60 (19k1), 2: 90 (19k), 2: 390 (19h7), 2: b3h (1948), and 4: 350. 1953. Asplund states that this species is a shrub with sordid-yellow flowers, blooming in October. Additional citations: PERU: Loreto: Asplund 1057 (S). AEGIPHILA CRENATA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 326--328. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 196 & 223 (1937), 1: 382 (1940), 2: 61-62 (191), 2: 43k (1948), and h: 350. 1953; Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 19 (10): 170. 1951. ‘ AEGIPHILA DEPPEANA Steud. Literature: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Rep= ert. : 122. 1845; DC., Prodr. 11: 655. 1847; Jaeks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Standl., Trees & Shrubs Mex. 1253. 192; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 50-52. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 197-—~198 & 223 (1937), 1: 291 (1938), 1: 382-383 (1940), 2: 62 (1941), 2: 90 (194K), 2: 391--392 (1947), 2: 43h (1948), and h: 351. 1953. A. brachiata Cham. & Schlecht., Linnaea 6: 371 (1831) and 7: TiO. 1832; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. kh: 122. 1845; Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 189. 185-1851; Schau. in DC., Frodr. 11: 65h--655. 1847; Hemsl., Biol. Cent. am. 2! 538. 1882; An. Mus. Nac. Rep. Costa Rica 1 (2): 60. 1888; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Proc. Am. Acad. 33: 485. 1898; Bot. Gaz. 57: 426. 191k; Standl., Trees & Shrubs Mex. 1253. 192). A. ber= teriana Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 65. 1847; Jacks., Ind. Kew. I: I6. 1895. A. pacifica Greenm., Proc. Am. Acad. 33: 85. 1898; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 4. 190; Standl., Trees & Shrubs Mex. 1253. 192). AEGIPHILA ELATA Sw. Literature: Sw., Prodr. 31. 1788; Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 259. 1789, 1791, & 1796; Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 25—255. 1797; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 616. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 37. 1797; Gmel. (Tur- ton), Gen. Syst. Nat. 5: 218. 1802; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 151. 1810; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 251. 1817; Roem. & Schult., Syst, Veg. 3: 102. 1818; Willd., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 82. 1821; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 422. 1825; Bot. Reg. 11: 946. 1826; Maycock, Fl. Barbad. 71--72. 1830; Linnaea 7: 11)—-115. 1832; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 430. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict. 8. 1840 & 1849; Walp., Repert. : 119. 1845; Jacques & Hérineq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 504—-505. 185-1862; Schau. in IC., Prodr. 11: 653. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 1848; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 287. 1851; Bocq., Adar sonia 3: 190. 1862; Griseb., Fl. Brit. West Ind. 500. 186); Pritzel, Icon, Bot. Ind. 1: 23. 1866; Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cuba 216. 1866; Hereman, Paxt. Bot. Dict. 13. 1868; Sauvalle, Fl. Cuba 113. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 387 1868; An. Mus. Nac. Rep. Costa Rica 1 (2): 60. 1888; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 502. 1891; Bot. Gaz. 18: 7. 1893; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (3a): 166. 1895; Urb., Symb. Ant. 3: 367. 1903; Pulle, Enum, Vasc. Pl. Surinam. 03. 1906; Bot. Gaz. 57: 426. 191k; Urb., Symb. Ant. 8: 600. 1921; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Caflizar- es, Bot. Gen. y Descrip. 168. 1930; Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 10: 33,. 1931; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: [62--l66. 193; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 1: 198—-199 & 223 (1937), 1: 291 (1938), 1: 38h—385 (190), 2: 63 (1941), 2: 90 (19Wh), 2: 392 (197), 2: L3h (1948), and : 351--352. 1953; Moldenke, L,lloa : 318. 1939; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 201--202. 1910; Contrib. Univ. Mich, Herb. 8: 60. 1942; Roig, Plant. Med. Cuba 11. 195; Matu- da, Am. Midl. Nat. 4: 575. 1950. Knoxia 2 P. Browne, Civ. & Nat. Hist. Jamaica 140. 1756; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 616. 1797; Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 254. 1797; Gmel. (Turton), Gen. Syst. Nat. 5: 218. 1802; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 151. 1810; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 102. 1818; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 430. 1839; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 188. 1862; Bocq., Rév. Group. Verb. 188. 1862. Nuxia elata (Sw.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1017; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 102. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 3: 320. 1895. Omphalococca cornifolia Willd. in Roem. & Schult., Mant. 3: 132. 1827; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Rep- ert. h: 118. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 653. 18475 Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 188; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 287. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 3: 341. 189). Psychotria mollis Spreng. in DC., Prodr. : 513. 1830; Urb., Symb. Ant. 6: 600. 1921. Aegiphila cornifolia (Willd.) Kunth, Abh. Akad. Berol. 215. 1531; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert h: 118-119. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 653. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 188; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 287. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895. A. laevis Poepp. in Walp., “epert. ): 119. 1845; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895. A. macrophila H.B.K. ex A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba, part 2, 11: Ii6. 1850. A. macrophylla Rich. apud Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cuba 216. 1866. Roig, in the reference cited above, states that Gomez de la Maza in his "Ensayo de Farmacofitologia Cubana", p. 77 CL & CLI, reports the leaves and stems of this plant are used with good results against diarrhoea and dysentery and as a hispostenizant or neurovascular against tetanus. A decoction of the leaves is used in baths against dropsy; chopped up or in a strong decoctim in the treatment of sores and ulcers. Internally an infusion of the leaves is used in treating spasms. Additional citations: MARTINIQUE: Collector undesignated s.n. (Herb. Portenschlag] (F--photo, N—photo). Perit AEGIPHILA E].EGANS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 458--l60. 1934; Moldenke Phytologia 1: 199-200 & 223 (1937), 1: 385 (19h0), 2: 63 (19h), 388 PHY MS Doors Vol. , no. 6 2: 392 (1947), and h: 352. 1953. Asplund describes this plant as a shrub 5 meters tall, with subscandent branches and orange fruit in October, growing in thickets. Additional citations: PERU: Loreto: Asplund 13975 (S). AEGIPHILA FALCATA Donn. Sm. Literature: Donn Sm., Bot. Gaz. 18: 7. 1893; Donn. Sn., Enum. Pl. Guat. 3: 65 & 110. 1893; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 12, 1896; Pittier, Prim. Fl. Costaric, 2: 210-211. 1898; Bot. Gaz. 57: 26. 191i; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 363-36). 193h; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 200 (1937), 1: 291 (1938), 1: 386--387 (1940), 2: 63 (19h1), 2: 90 (19hh), 2: 392 (19h7), 2: 43h (19h8), and : 352. 1953; Matuda, Am. Midl. Nat. hy: 575. 1950. AEGIPHILA FERRUGINEA Hayek & Spruce Literature: Hayek & Spruce in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 42: 171. 1909; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4: 5. 1913; Moldenke, Erittonia 1: 320-321. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 201 & 223 (1937), 1: 290 (1938), 1: 387 (1940), 2: 64 (1941), 2: 90 (19h), 2: 393 (1947), 2: 3h (19L8)), aude 352. 1953. AEGIPHILA FILIPES Mart. & Schau. literature: Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 286. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 366--368. 193); Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 201 & 223—22) (1937), 1: 291 (1938), 1: 387--388 (190), 2: 6h (1941), 2: 393 (1947), 2: 436 (1948), and 4: 352-353. 19535 Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Jav. Prado 7: 2h. 1943. A. oblongifolia Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 81. 1900; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: h. 190k. Asplund describes this plant as a shrub }; meters tall, with light-green flowers, blooming in October. I am not completely convinced that Rusby's plant is actually conspecific with this one. Possibly it should be given at least varietal rank. Additional citations: PERU: Loreto: Asplund 1111 (S). AEGIPHILA FLUMINENSIS Vell. Literature: Vell., Fl. Flum. 38 (1825), Icones 1: 95. 1827; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. : 120. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 650. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 283. 1851; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 190. 1862; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 712. 1877; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (3a): 166. 1895; Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. Frang. 58, Mém. 3: 546. 1911; Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Jan. : 17h. 1925; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Prittonia 1: 316—-318. 193); Moldenke Phytologia 1: 202 (1937), 1: 388 (1940), 2: 393 (1947), and h: 353. 1953; Sampaio & Peckolt, Arquiv. Mus. Nac. Rio 37: 33). 1943; Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 19 (10): 170. 1951. A. oleifera Casar., Nov. Stirp. Bras. 7. 1842; Walp., Repert. j: 120. 1645; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 650. 187; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 389 9: 283. 1851; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 712. 1877; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895. AEGIPHILA FOETIDA Sw. Literature: Sw., Prodr. 32. 1788; Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 259. 1789, 1791, & 1796; Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 258-259. 1797; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 617. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 37. 1797; Gmel. (Tur- ton), Gen. Syst. Nat. 5: 219. 1802; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Andr., Bot. Rep. 9: 578. 1809; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 151. 1810; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1817; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 102. 1818; Willd., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 82. 1821; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 422. 1825; Kostel., Alleg. Med. Fl. 3: 829. 1834; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 430. 1839; Stzud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict. 8. 180 & 189; Walp., Repert. : 122. 1845; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 50). 185-1862; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 651. 1817; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 99. 1861; Rosenth., Syn. Pl. Diaph. 30. 1862; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 190. 1862; Hereman, Paxt. Bot. Dict. 13. 1868; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ) (3a): 166. 1895; Urb., Symb. Ant. 3: 366 (1903) and 5: 86. 1908; Mol- denke, Brittonia 1: 357-358. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 202 (2937), 2: 64 (191), 2: 90 (19uk), 2: 436 (1948), and h: 353. 1953. AEGIPHILA GLABRATA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 37)--375. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 203 (1937) and 1: 388. 190. Asplund states that this is a shrub 5 meters tall, with pen- dent branches, the immature fruit orange-red in July, inhabiting forests. Additional citations: PERU: Hu4nuco: Asplund 12335 (S). AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 36—-366. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 203 (1937), 1: 291 (1938), 1: 388 (1940), 2: 90 (1944), 2: 393-394 (1947), 2: 436 (1948), and h: 353. 1953. AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA var. PYRAMIDATA L. C. Rich. & Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 203--20 (1937), 1: 292 (1938), 2: 90 (19L4h), 2: 39) (1947), and 4: 354. 1953. AEGIPHILA GUIANENSIS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 340—31. 193); Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 206 (1937), 1: 389 (190), 2: 395 (1947), and 2: . 9 . Little states that the species is a shrub or small tree to 6 meters tall, with a trunk diameter of 5 cm. at breast height and large, white, fragrant flowers, growing in the undergrowth of wet tropical forests. Schultes & Lépez describe the fruit as orange~yellow, and Cuatrecasas says it is red. It has been found at altitudes of 900 to 1180 meters, in flower in April and Dec- 390 P HY T'o'L O°G'r'aX Vol. h, no. 6 ember and in fruit in August and December. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Caquet&: Little 7768 (N). Cun- dinamarca: Triana 208) (F--2 photos, N--2 photos). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 1)0)6 (F—13L55bh) . VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Schultes & Lépez 9260 (W—1988665) . AEGIPHILA HASSLERI Briq. Literature: Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, : 1166-1167. 190); Chodat, Plant. Hassler. 2: 503-—-SOh. 190; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: h. 1908; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 308—310. 193k; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 206--207 (1937), 1: 389 (1940), 2: 395— 396 (19h:7), and .2: 436. 1948; Herter, Revist. Sudam. Bot. 6: 97 (1939) and 7: 22h. 19h3; oldenke, Lilloa 6: 310--311 (191) and 10: 337. 1944; Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 19 (10): 170. 1951. Herter in the first of his references cited above lists A. triantha Schau. as a synonym of this species, but I regard it as conspecific with A. brachiata Vell. The binomial is misspelled "Aegiphylla hassleri" by Berro and "Aeghiphila hassleri" by Grter. Emrich identified his painting, cited below, as Citharexylum solanaceum var. macrocalyx Moldenke. Grtiner describes the plant as a shrub, while Jtrgensen calls it a small tree 3 to ) meters tall; Rojas calls it a shrub 2 to 2.5 meters tall, and Rambo describes it as a shrub 3 meters tall. It has been collected in woods, small secondary forests, hilly regions, on river banks, and along small streams in riverside woods, in anthesis in January, February, April, September, and ‘November, and in fruit in September and December. The flowers are described by Grtmer as lemon-yellow, by JUrgensen as sulfur— yellow, and by Rojas as greenish-white and yellowish-white. Jtr- gensen says the fruits are large, yellow, and abundant. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parané: Gurgal s.n. [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio 2202] (N). Rio Grande do Sul: K. K. Enrich s sen. [2).III. 39] (N--painting); Rambo 11251 (Rb). State undetermined: Buck 31389 [S. Feo de Paulo, Villa Oliva] (S). PARAGUAY: Anisits ts 122 (F—-photo, N--photo); Balansa 2085 (F--photo, N--photo); I Fiebrig 260 (F—2 photos, N—2 . photos), > 530 (F--photo, N--photo), 5923 (F—2 photos, N--2 photos); Hassler 6780 (S--cotype), 8632 (N, (N, S, V--1210); Jtrgensen 3662 [Herb. Osten 222k] (Ug); T. Rojas 1881 [Herb. Osten 13536; Herb. Hort. Parag. 10283] (Ug), 1881a [Herb. Osten 13535] (Ug). URUGUAY: Arechavaleta 3 (Ug), s.n. [Febrero 1903] (Ug, Ug), s-n. [Noviembre 1903] (Ug, Ug, Ug, Ug); Felippone 5082 (F--photo, “N--photo). ARGENTINA: Misiones: Ekman 1227 (F--photo, N--photo); Grttner 373 [Nov. 13, 1930; Herb. Osten 23188] (Ug), 373 [Dec. 23, 1930; Herb. Osten 23188] (Ug), 1002 [Herb. Osten 23187] (Ug); Llamas 1523 (Ug); Niederlein 1725 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos), 22h8 (F--photo, N—photo) ; D. Rodri- guez 566 [Herb. Inst. Miguel Lillo 32532; Herb. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montev. 5989] (Ug). CULTIVATED: Uruguay: Berro 5087 (N). 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 391 AEGIPHILA HAUGHTII hMoldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 8 (191) and 2: 396. 197. Additional citations: PERU: Loreto: J. M. Schunke 338 (Ew). AEGIPHILA HERZOGII Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 420--21. 193; Moldenke, Phyrtologia 1: 22h (1937), 1: 389 (1940), 2: 396 (19h7), and 2: 19 Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Steinbach 3259 (F-- photo, N-=photo). AEGIPHILA HIRSUTA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: )l,0—-l1. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 22). 1937. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: La Paz: Buchtien 1715 (F--photo of isotype, N—photo of isotype). AEGIPHILA HIRSUTISSIMA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 09--l10. 193k; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 22h (1937), 1: 389--390 (1940), and 2: 396. 1947; Barkley, Determinac. para Ejemp. Herb. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellin 2 (1): 2. 1950. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Lépez & Sanchez 7 (N). VENEZUELA: Miranda: H. Pittier 8257 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12589] (Ve). AEGIPHILA HOEHNEI Lioldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 224-—-226 (1937), 1: 292 (1938), and 1: 390. 1940; F. C. Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. e Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon 315——3h6. 1951; F.C. Hoehne, Relat. Anual Instit. Bot. S. Paulo Sept. 1951: 139. 1952. AEGIPHILA HOFFMANNIOIDES Standl. & Steyerm. This species was originally described in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 23: 227—228 (1947) where it is stated that it closely resembles A. pauciflora Standl. of British Honduras except that its calyx is abundantly strigose on the outer surface, rather than glab- rous. Citations: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango: Steyermark 1,883 (F— 1132819-—-type, N--photo of type). AEGIPHILA INSIGNIS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 36—-437. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 226 (1937) and 2: 396--397. 197. Additional citations: PERU: Ancachs: Tafalla s.n. [Chicoplaya] (F--photo of type, Sg--photo of type). AEGIPHILA INTEGRIFOLIA (Jaeq.) Jacks. Literature: Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 386. 1895; Moldenke, eS ger 1: 337—3L0. 193k; Yoldenke, Phytologia 1: 226--228 (1937) 292 (1938), 1: 390 (1940), 2: 90 (19hh), 2: 397-398 (975, am 2: 436. 1948; Moldenke, Lilloa : 317. 1939; H. P. Veloso, fame 392 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 Inst. Oswaldo Cruz hh: 267 (1946) and 45: 22. 1947; Daniel, Verb. Cent. Antioq. 7. 1947; F. C. Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. e Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon 346. 1951; Greig-Smith, Journ. Ecology 0: 29) & 307. 1952. Callicarpa intesrifolia Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 12. 1760; Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 15, pl. 173. 1763; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 96. 1818; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 429. 1839; Walp., Repert. h: 122. 1845; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 50. 1845-1862; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 69. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 959. 1848; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 282. 1851; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 99. 1861; Jacks., Ind. hew. 1: 386. 1895. Manabea arborescens Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. 1: 6)--65. 1775; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 294. 1792; Vahl, Eclog. 1: 15. 1796; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 616. 1797; Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 50. 1798; Gmel. (Turton), Gen. Syst. Nat. 5: 219. 1802; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Andr., Bot. Rep. 9: 578. 1809; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 150. 1810; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl: 2: 251. 1817; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1617; Roane Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 101. 1318; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, ls 16. 1821; Kunth, Syn. Pl. 2: 43. 1823; Linnaea 7: 110. 1832; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 429. 1839; Walp., Repert. h: 122. 185; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 69. 18h7; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 959. 1848; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 282. 1851; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 99. 1361; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 3: 160. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 4: 217. 1930. Aegiphila arborescens (Aubl.) Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 259. 1789 & 1791; Lam., Illustr. 1503. 1791; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 29). 1792; Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 259. 1796; Vahl, Eclog. 1: 15—16, pl. 10. 1796; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 616. 1797; Gmel. (Turton), Gen. Syst. Nat. 5: 219. 1802; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 150. 1810; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1817; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 251. 1817; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 101. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Willd., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 82. 1821; Kunth, Syn. Pl. 2: h3—-fy. 1823; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 22, 1825; Linnaea 7: 110. 1832; Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 49. 1839; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 29. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict. 8. 180 & 189; Walp., Repert. hk: 122. 1345; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 50). 1845-1852; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 649. 1347; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 959 & 1150. 188; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 281 ~-282. 1851; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 499. 1861; Bocq., Adan- sonia 3? 190. 1862; Pritzel, Ic. Bot. Ind. 1: 23. 1866; Hereman, Paxt. Bot. Dict. 13. 1868; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 712. 1877; Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Am. 2: 538. 1882; Warming, Lagoa Santa 3. 1892; Bot. Gaz. 18: 7. 1893; H. H. Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 245. 1895; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (3a): 166. 1895; H. H. Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 81. 1900; Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. Frang. 58, Mém. 3: 546. 1911; Usteri, Fl. Umgeb. Stadt S40 Paulo 228, 1911; Bot. Gaz. 57: 425. 1914; Herzog, Meded. Rijks Herb. 29: 48. 1916; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. : 82 & 83. 193. Callicarpa globiflora Rufz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 49--50, pl. 776. 1798; Poir., Encycl. MSth. Suppl. 2: 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 393 33. 1811; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 95. 1318; Linnaea 7: 110, 1832; Schau. in DC., Frodr. 11: 649. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 959. 1388; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 282. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 386. 1895. Callicarpa discol- or Willd. in Steud., Nm. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1810; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 649. 1347; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 959. 1848; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 282. 1851; Jacks. Ind. Kew. 1: 386. 1895. Aegiphila arborescens var. breviflora Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 650. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9s 202. '2851 Mendes “apath states that this is a tree 15 to 30 meters tall, wide-spreading, the wood white "para caixotaris", The oleaginous seeds are used in popular remedies against the lesions caused by the itch mite in Brazil. Williams calls it a tree 12 meters tall, with a vernacular name of "tabaquillo". The Littles describe it as a small tree 6 meters tall, with a trunk 10 cm. in diameter at breast height, with smoothish gray bark that has thin cracks, the fruit green (in July), turning orange, occupying cleared uplands. It has been collected at altitudes of 20 to 1700 meters, often inhabiting the campos. The flowers are said to be white and have been found in March, June, July, August, and Sep- tember. The Littles record the common name of "aquapan". The Bang 584 specimen in the University of Pennsylvania herbarium has been misidentified by someone as "A, intermedia (Aubl. ) Moldenke". a re Additional citations: TRINIDAD: R. E. D. Baker s.n. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 14143] (R); 4. &. Broadway 6652 (F—photo, Ms, Ms, N--photo); Cheesman & Baker 350 [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 136L)s] (R); Fendler 596 (Pa). COLOMBIA: Méta: M. L. Grant 10163 (N); Little & & Little - 8227 (N). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Ll. ¥ Williams 13401 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12593] (Ve), 14533 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12595] (Ve), 15080 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 1259] (Ve), 1585) [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12590] (F--11936l3, Ve), 16005 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12591] (Ve). Zulia: H. Pittier 10626 [Herbd. Nac. Venez. 12596] (Ve); Tejera 12) (F--photo, N--photo). BRITISH GUIANA: H. A A. Gleason 313 (F--photo, N--photo); Jenman 1761 (F--photo, N— photo, Sg—photo), 5796 (F--photo, N--photo). ECUADOR: Napo- Pastaza: Asplund 8868 (s), 9085 (S), 10166 (S); Lugo 156 (Ss), 19 (S). Santiago-zamora: Camp | E.1163 (N). PERU: Cuzco: Scolnik 903 (W--20),568),) . Hudnuco: "Asplund 12 12193 (S); Macbride 5053 (F--photo, N--photo). BRAZIL: Amazonas: mas: Poeppig 1615 (F—photo, N--photo). Goyaz: Burchell 835 (F—photo, N--photo). Minas Ger~ aes: Mendes Mapath 793 (N--photo). Rio Branco: Black 51-12725 (N). Rio de Janeiro: S$: Saldanha 705 [Herb. Rio de Jan. L797] (Ja). BOLIVIA: El Beni: H. H. H. Rusby 1722 (F—photo, N--photo), 259 (F--photo, N--photo). La Paz: M. Bang 58 (Bz--16827, F—photo, N--photo, Pa); Buchtien 719 (F—-photo, N--photo); Cardenas 2065 (F--photo, N--photo). Santa Cruz: fierse 1571 (F—photo, N-- photo); Steinbach 5498 (Herb. Osten 16807] (F--photo, N--photo, 39h, P Be oPO8L OCHA Vol. h, no. 6 Ug). AEGIPHILA INTERMEDIA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 31-~342. 193); Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 228 (1937), 1: 292 (1938), 1: 390 (190), 2: 90 (194k), 2: 398 (1947), and 2: 436. 1948. This binomial is sometimes mis-accredited to "(Aubl.) Molden- ke". AEGIPHILA LAETA H.3.K. Literature: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 2h9. 1817; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Kunth, Syn. Pl. 2: 42. 1823; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 422. 1825; Linnaea 7: 110. 1832; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. : 120. 1845; Schau. in DC., ‘rodr. 11: 652. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 188; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 190. 1862; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 39), in syn. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 228--229 (1937), 1: 292 (1938), 1: 390 (190), 2: 90 (19Lh), and 2: 399. 1947. A. stric- ta Rusby, Descr. 300 New Spp. S. Am. Pl. 107--108. 1920; Hill, Tnd. Kew, Suppl. 6: 6. 1926; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 352--353. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 269. 1937. A. stricta var. ? Rusby, Descr. 300 New Spp. S. Am. Pl. 108. 1920; Moldenke, Brit- tonia 1: 352, in syn. 193). Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Goajira: Haught 4316 (N). Mag- dalena: Cy. Allen 501 (Ew); H. H. Smith 330 (F--2 photos, N—2 photos). VENEZUELA: Lar&: Saer 602 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12597] (Ve). Zulia: H, Pittier 10533 (Herb. Nac. Venez. 12598] (Ve); Plée s.n. (F—photo, N—photo). AEGIPHILA LAEVIS (Aubl.) Gmel. Literature: Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 259. 1789, 1791, & 1796; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 616—-617. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 37. 1797; Gmel, (Turton), Gen. Syst. Nat. 5: 219. 1802; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Andr., Bot. Rep. 9: 578. 1809; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 339. 1817; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 101--102. 1818; Willd., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 82. 1821; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 422. 1825; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 29. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., “epert. h: 119-~120. 1845; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 50). 18h5- 1862; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 188; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 286. 1851; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 190. 1862; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 499--500. 186); Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Pulle, Enum. Vasc. Pl. Surinam. 03. 1906; Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 2: 172. 1909; Urb., Symb. Ant. 8: 600. 1920; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 5h. 1923; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 39\—397. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 229--230 (1937), 1: 292-293 (1938), 1: 391 (1940), 2: 90 (194), and 2: 399. 19473 F.C. Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. e Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon 346. 1951. Mana- bea laevis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. 1: 66-68. 1775; Lam., Tabl. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 395 Encyel. 1: 294. 1792; Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 256. 1797; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 617. 1797; Rufz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 50. 1793; Gmel. (Turton), Gen. Syst. Nat. 5: 219. 1802; Andr., Bot. Rep. 9: 578. 1809; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 102. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 22. 1825; Linnaea 7: 110. 1832; Dictr., Syn. Pl. 1: 429. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. h: 119. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 188; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 500. 186; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 3: 160. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. l: 217. 1930. Aegiphila lutea Lam., Illustr. 1505, pl. 70, fig. 3. 1791; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 29). 1792; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 150. 1810; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1817; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 102. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, ls 29. 1840; Walp., Repert. h? 120, 1845; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 504. 1845-1862; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 187; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 1848; Pritzel, Ic. Bot. Ind. 1: 23. 1866; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929. A. manabea Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 256--257. 1797; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 102. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. 4h: 120. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 188; Gris- eb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 500. 186; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Ann, Inst. Col. Mars. 3: 466. 1896; Duss, Fl. Ant. Frang. 66. 1897. Cuatrecasas found this species growing at altitudes of 5 to 80 meters, blooming in May. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: F. W. Pennell 3696 (F--photo, N--photo). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 17567 (F— 1289743). BRITISH GUIANA: Talbot s.n. (F--photo, N--photo). SUR- INAM: Hostmann 543 (F--3 photos, N--3 photos), 721 (F—3 photos, N--3 photos); Hostmann & Kappler 721 (F--photo, N--photo); Kap ler s.n. (F—photo, N—photo); Samuels 382 (F--photo, Ferns > Wullschlagel 405 (F--photo, N--photo). FRENCH GUIANA: Leprieur s.n. (F—photo, N--photo); Martin s.n. (F--photo, N—photo); Richard s.n. (F--photo, N--photo). BRAZIL: Bahia: Sellow 1828 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos). State undetermined: Herb. Link s.n. (F--photo, N--photo). ire Parte toe eee AEGIPHILA LANCEOLATA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 423--l\25. 193); Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 230 (1937), 1: 391 (190), and 2: 399. 197. Macedo describes this species as a scandent liana in woods and along the borders of brooks, with yellow flowers. It has been collected in anthesis in March and December. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Espirito Santo: Glaziou 11333 (F--photo, N--photo). Guaporé: N. T. de Silva 399 (N). Minas Ger- aes: Macedo 619 (N), 2055 (N); Sampaio 7256 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 44830) (Ja). Rio de Janeiro: 5 zohetl 162 (F—2 photos, N—2 396 P> BAYT: OeTi, OxGrDek Vol. lh, no. 6 photos). So Paulo: F. C. Hoehne s.n. [Herb. Inst. Biol. 20562] (F--photo, N—photo); LUfgren s.n. [Herb. Inst. Biol. 20099] (F-- photo, N--photo). PARAGUAY: Hassler 2886 (F--photo, N——photo). AEGIPHILA LAXICUPULIS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Prittonia 1: 397--399. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 231 (1937), 1: 391 (1940), 2: 90 (19uh), and 2: 399-00. 197. AEGIPHILA LAXIFLORA Eenth. Literature: Benth., Ann, Nat. Hist. 2: 449. 1839; Walp., Rep- ert. 4: 120. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 188; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 4.6. 1895; Moldenke, Prittonia 1: 389--391. 193h; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 1: 231 (19375, 1: 293 (1938), 1: 391 (1940), 2: 4oo (1947), and 2: 438. 1948; Moldenke, Lilloa 4: 322. 1939. A. laevis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. "499-500. 186. Moldenke, Prittonia 1: 389, in syn. 193). A. trinitensis Britton, Pull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 5h. 1923; Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 6. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 389, in syn. 193h. Additional citations: TRINIDAD: W. E. Broadway s.n. = photos, N-~3 photos); Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 2391 2 photes, eee ee Otto 1092 (F--photo, ie pboth 1992 (peaohote: if_—pnbeey? BRIT- ISH GUIANA: Schomburgk 101/592 (F--photo, N—photo), 592 (F— photo, N--photo). AEGIPHILA LEHMANNII Noldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 315—316. 193l; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 231 (1937), 1: 391--392 (190), 2: 400 (1947), and 2: 438. 1948. Cuatrecasas describes this plant as a small tree 10 meters tall with clear yellowish-green leaves, pale-green calyxes, and white corollas. It has been collected in anthesis in February and Ap- ril, growing at altitudes of 150 to 2600 meters. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Santander: Fassett 25080 (N, Z). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 23740 (F--1371571). AEGIPHILA LHOTZKIANA Cham. Literature: Cham., Linnaea 7: 112—11). 1832; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. h: 121. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 648. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 279— 280. 1851; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 190. 1862; Dc., Prodr. 17: 319. 1873; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 711. 1877; Warming, Lagoa Santa 434. 1892; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. Frang. 58, Mém. 3: 56. 1911; Moldenke, Britton- ia 1: 323—32. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 232—-233 (1937), 1: 392 (1940), 2: 400 (1947), and 2: 438. 1948; Rawitscher, Journ, Ecol. 36: 248, 250, & 251 (as A. hotzkyana) . 1948; Raw- itscher, Cienc. Tnvestig: 5: 115, fig. 9 [graph only]. 191195 Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 19 (10): 170. 1951; F. C. Hoehne, Ind. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 397 Bibl, e Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon 346. 1951. Rawitscher in the first of the two references cited above states that this soecies is a deep-rooted cerrado plant which is normally evergreen or nearly so. He compares the rate of trans- piration of its leaves with that of Craniolaria integrifolia Cham., a shallow-rooted plant. In the aegiphila the roots reach the permanently wet deeper layers of the soil and under favor- able conditions it can vegetate through the entire dry season. The roots of the Craniolaria, on the other hand, depend on the variable amount of water in the upper layers of soil available only in the rainy season. The rate of cuticular transpiration was found to bell; to 1. Specimens have been identified as "A. villosa Lam." in some herbaria. The species is said to grow on campos and cerrados, and has been collected in flower in February, August, September, November, and December, with white flowers. Collectors describe it as a shrub or as a tree to 3 meters tall. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 3399 (F--photo, N--photo); Herb. Rio de Jan. J,801 (Ja); Lhotz S.n. (F—photo of isotype, N—-photo of isotype). Goyaz: Ule 335 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 44806] (N). Maranh4o: Murga Pires & Black 175a (N). Minas Geraes: Macedo 2032 (N); Mello Barreto 3270 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 32273] (N); Mendes Magalh&es 14,7 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Bello Horiz. 40237] (Be--13972, N); L. Netto 338 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 817] (Ja); Regnell 1I:310x (F--photo, N--photo); Sampaio 344 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 32270] (Ja); Warming Son. (F--photo, N—photo). Paré: meee 48-3226 (Be—37717, N). State undetermined: Gusm&o s.n. (Herb. Rio de Jan. 32272] (Ja); J. E. Pohl s.n. (F—=photo, N=- Menta) Poeppig 34 (F—-photo, N-photo). AEGIPHILA LONGIFOLIA Turcz. Literature: Turez., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36: 218—219. 1863; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 373- 37h. 193h; paca. 2 Phytologia 1: 333 (1937), 1: 293 (1938), and 2: 136. 1 Black tes the species as a tree with white flowers, growing in capoeira, blooming in April. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Santander: Engels s.n. [Ocana] ee N—photo). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Black ]8-2h3h (Be— 33170, N). AEGIPHILA LUSCHNATHI Schau. Literature: Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 651-652. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 285-286. 1851; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 712. 1877; Jacks., Ind. Kew. Lsrh6 1895; Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, : 1166. 190; Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. Frang. 58, Mém. 3: 5h6. 1911; Noldenke, Brittonia 1: 306—307. 193k; Mol- denke, Phytologia 1: 233--23h (1937) and 2: 438. 1948. The. species has been collected in anthesis in June. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 3273 (F--photo, 398 PSB TOO GiFek. 2 Vol. h, no, 6 N--photo). Federal District: Neves Armond s.n. [Herb. Rio de Jan. 46797] (Ja). Minas Geraes: Widgren 481 (F—photo, N—photo). Rio de Janeiro: Glaziou 8832 (F--photo, N—photo); Ule 36 [Herb. Rio de Jan. ]805] (Ja). svn Nie AEGIPHILA MACRANTHA Ducke Literature: Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Jan. 4: 173—17h. 1925; Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 6. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 319—320. 19343 Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 234 (1937), 1: 392 (1940), and 2: 438 & 40. 1948; Moldenke, Lilloa 4: 316--317. 1939; Occhioni, Lilloa 17: 48h. 199. Occhioni, in the reference cited above, states that the actual type specimen of this species is preserved in the Rio de Janeiro herbarium. Black and Foster describe the species as a scandent shrub with clear yellow corollas and enlarged calyxes, blooming in October. One sheet of their collection, cited below, has fine fruiting-calyxes and fruit, and was collected in October. Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: Herb. Forest Dept. Brit. Guian. WB.41 [record no. 5855] (N, Wb). FRENCH GUIANA: Mélinon s.n. (F--photo, N--photo). BRAZIL: Pard: Black & Foster 1:8=3)02 (Be--27912a, Be—37912). AEGIPHILA MAGNIFICA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 385—~386. 193); Moldenke Phytologia 1: 234—-235 (1937), 1: 392 (1940), and 2: 0. 19h6. Additional citations: NICARAGUA: Chinandega: C. F. Baker 2187 (F--photo, N--photo). Chontales: Seemann 87 (F--photo, N--photo). AEGIPHILA MAGNIFICA var. PUBESCENS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 261. 1950. Citations: COSTA RICA: San José: Skutch 139 (N—-fragment of type, W—1659)—type) . : AEGIPHILA MARTINICENSIS Jacq. Literature: Jacq., Obs. Bot. 2: 3, pl. 27. 1764; L., Mant. 198. 1767; L., Pflanzensyst. 3: 12h. 1773; L., Syst. Veg. 13h. 177h; L., Syst. Pl. 33h. 1779; Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. Picta 13, pl. 259, fig. 6. 1780; Lam., Encycl. Méth. 1: 46. 1783; Jacq., Ind. Plant., ed. ay: 7. 1785; Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. 226. 1788; Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 259. 1789 & 1791 & 1796; Vitm., Sum. Pl. l: 173. 1789; Lam., Illustr. 1: 70, fig. 1. 17913; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 293. 1792; Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 106. 1792; Vahl, Eclog. 1: 1j—-15. 1796; Salisb., Prodr. 67. 1796; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 615-616. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 37. 1797; Gmel. (Turton), Gen. Syst. Nat. 5: 218. 1802; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 0-1, pl. 6, fig. 1. 1809; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 150. 1810; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1817; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 29. 1817; Lodd., Bot. Cab. 2: 132. 1818; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 100-101. 1818; Willd., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 82. 1821; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 421. 1825; Maycock, Fl. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 399 Barbad. 70-—71. 1830; Kostel., Alleg. Med. Fl. 3: 830. 183h; Richt., Cod. Bot. Linn. 130. 1835 & 180; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 29. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1840; Peterm., Cod. Bot. Linn, Ind. Alph. 4. 180; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict. 8. 180 & 1849; Walp., Repert. 4: 119. 1845; Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 189. 1845-1851; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 504—505. 185-1862; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652-653. 1847; Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 145—146. 1850; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 286. 1851; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 500. 1861; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 190, pl. 9, fig. 110. 1862; Rosenth., Syn. Pl. Diaph. 430. 1862; Pritzel, Ic. Bot. Ind. 1: 23. 1866; Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cuba 216. 1866; Hereman, Paxt. Bot. Dict. 13. 1868; Sauvalle, Fl. Cuba 113. 1868; Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 64. 1879; Stahl, Estud. Flor. P. Rico 6: 222, 1888; Donn. Sm., Enum, Pl. Guat. 3: 65. 1893; Fawcett, Prov. List Indig. Nat. Fl. Pl. Jamaica 30. 1893; Jacks., Ind. Kew, ab L6. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (3a): 166. 1895; Ann. Inst. Col. Mars. 3: 66— 467. 1896; Duss, Fl. Phan. Ant. Frang. 66—~-67. 1897; Boldingh, Fl. Dutch W. Ind. Isls. 171. 1909; Goyena, Fl. Nicarag. 2: 566. 1911; Urb., Symb, Ant. : 536. 1911; Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 12h, Suppl. Ind. Linn. Herb. 29. 1912; Boldingh, Fl. Nederl. West- Ind, Fil. 54 & 346. 1913; Bot. Gaz. 57: 426. 191); Herzog, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leiden 37: 34. 1918; Fedde, Repert. 16: 0. 1919; Britton & Wils., Scient. Surv. P. Rico 6: 147-148. 1925; Standl. & Calderén, List Prelim. Pl. Salvador 185. 1925; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 377—382. 193k; Mold- enke, Lilloa h: 320. 1939; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 235--237 (1937), 1: 293 (1938), 1: 393 (1940$, 2: 90 (19h), and 2: hho. 1948; Roig, Plant. Med. Cuba. 10—-11. 1945; Hodge, Revist. Fac. Nat. Agron. 7: 313. 1947. A. dumosa Salisb., Prodr. 67. 1796; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895. A. diffusa Andr., Bot. Rep. 9: 578. 1809; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 29. 1840; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict. 8. 180 & 189; Walp., Rep- ert. 4: 12). 1845; Pritzel, Ic. Bot. Ind. 1: 23. 1866; Hereman, Paxt. Bot. Dict. 13. 1868; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Stapf, Ind, Lond. 1: 79. 1929. A. glabra Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 150. 1810; Walp., Repert. : 119. 1845;Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 653. 1847; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 500. 186; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Ann. Inst. Col. Mars. 3: 66--1,67. 1896; Duss, Fl. Phan, Ant. Fran¢g. 466--l67. 1897. A. macrophylla Desf. in Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 129. 180; Desf., Cat. Pl. Hort. Reg. Paris., ed. 3, 391. 129; Schau, in DC., Prodr. 11: 655. 1847; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895. A. straminea Hoffmgg., Verz. Pfl. Nachtr. 3: 18. 1826; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 47. 1895. Psych- otria corymbosa Sieber in DC., Prodr. : 523. 1830. Aegiphila folia Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Schau. in DC., Prodr. li: 655. 1847; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895. A. grandi- folia Walp., Repert. 4: 121. 1845; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1595. Roig, in the reference cited above, states that a diuretic medicinal tea is made from the leaves and stems of this species, 4,00 PAC YE TO. EOC, Vol. h, no. 6 and that a syrup made. from it is used against asthma. He states that this information is taken from Gomez de la Maza's "Ensayo de Farmacofitologia Cubana", page 77 CL & CLI. The Toro collection from Colombia, cited below, greatly re- sembles A. glandulifera Moldenke and may actually represent that species. Additional citations: PUERTO RICO: Heller & Heller 276 (F-- photo, N--photo), 825 (F--photo, N—-photo), 96h (F--photo, N— photo). ST. CROIX: Collector undesignated san. (F--photo, N— photo); Thompson 503 (F=-2 photos, N--2 photos), 719 (F=--photo, N--photo). ST. KITTS: Britton & Cowell 120 (F—photo, N-—photo) , 332 (F--photo, N--photo) ; Eggers d 66 5 . 133 (F--photo, N-=photo) ; Forsstrtm s.n. (F--photo, N—photo). GUADELOUPE: Duchassaing S.n. (F—photo, N--photo); Duss 2389 (F--photo, N--photo) . DOMIN- ICA: We H. Hodge 2h3 (Ms); Imray y 119 (F--photo, N--photo). MAR- TINIQUE: Duss 1966 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos); Plée s.n. (F-- photo, N--photo). ST. LUCIA: P. Beard 1147 (S); R. A. Howard 11299 (N). ST. VINCENT: P. Beard 1348 (S); Collector undesignat— ed 8.1 s.n. (F--photo, N--photo); Sm Smith & & Smith 336 (F--photo, N— photo), 1801 (F--photo, N--photo). GRENADA: P. Beard 123 (S); W. E. Broadway s.n. (F--2 photos, N--2 photos); Eggers 6049 (F— photo, N--photo). TRINIDAD: Sieber, Fl. Trinit. 85 (F--6 photos, N--6 photos, Sg--photo). WEST INDIES: island undesignated: Swartz s.n. (F--photo, N--photo). PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Cooper S71 (F--photo, N--photo). COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Toro 113 (Fn--_ 1622). Méta: F. W. Pennell 1650 (F--photo, N--photo). VENEZUELA: USrida: W. E. Broadway 319 (F—photo, N--photo). Zulia: H. Pitt- ier 10533 (F--photo, N—photo). CULTIVATED: England: Pala | Stove sen. ~(F=-photo, N—photo). AEGIPHILA MARTINICENSIS var. OLIGONEURA (Urb.) Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 383. 193; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 1: 237 (1937), 1: 393 (1940), and 2: 90. 19h. A. oligo- neura Urb. in Fedde, Repert. 16: 40. 1919; Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 6. 1926, AEGIPHILA MATTOGROSSENSIS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Jan. Bot. 12: 2, fig. 2. 1950; F. C. Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. e Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon 346. 1951. In Phytologia 1: 296 (1938) I cited the type collection of this species under A, vitelliniflora Klotzsch. Hoehne, in the reference cited above, comments that other numbers "correspon- dentes ao mesmo material" have been cited by me under "nomes differentes"., The type is from Tapirapoan, collected in flower in January, 191). Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: F. C. Hoehne, Com. Rondon 5702 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 4821] (F—-photo of type, — type, type, N—--fragment of type, N--photo of type, Si—-photo of type, Z--photo of type). 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 4,01 AEGIPHILA MEDITERRANEA Vell. Literature: Vell., Fl. Flum. 38 (1825), Icon. 1: 9). 1827; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1840; Walp., “epert. h: 12h. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr, 11: 651. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 285. 1851; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 712. 1877; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, h: 1166 & 1167. 190); Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. Frang. 58, Mém. 3: 56. 1911; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 331--332. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 238 (1937), 1: 393 (1940), and 2: 0-1, 1948; Sampaio & Peckolt, Arquiv. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 37: 334. 1943; Moldenke, Lilloa 10: 337. 19h). A. hirta Casar., Nov. Stirp. Bras. Dec. 47. 1842; Walp., “epert. Yj: 122. 1845; Schau. in DC., ‘rodr. 11: 651. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 285. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Moldenke, Lilloa 10: 337, in syn. 19h. A. cestrifolia Gardn. in Hook., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 184. 1842; Walp., Repert. kh: 123. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 651, 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 285. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 331, in syn. 1934; Moldenke, Lilloa 10: 337, in syn. 19h). Kuhlmann reports that in Espiritu Santo this species is em ployed as an insecticide. It has been collected in anthesis in September. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Boog s.n. (F—— photo, N--photo); J. E. Pohl 151 (F—photo, N—-photo); Saldanha sen. (Herb. Gab. Bot. Esc. Pol. 5337; Herb. Rio de Jan. 796] (N); Schott 4916 (F--photo, N--photo); Swainson s.n,. (F-—-photo, N—-photo); Ule s.n. [Herb. Rio de Jan, 31557 & 31550] (Ja, Ja); Widgren 1151 (F—photo, N—photo). AEGIPHILA MEDULLOSA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in ‘edde, Repert. 33: 132. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 297. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 238 (1937), 1: 393 (1940), and 2: 42. 1948. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Yaneiro: Riedel & Lund 0,30 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos). 2 AEGIPHILA MEMBRANACEA Turcz. Literature: Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36: 219. 1863; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Pulle, Enum. Vasc. Pl. Surinam. 403. 1906; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 370-371. 1934; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 1: 238--239 (1937) and 2: 442. 1948. The species has been collected at an altitude of 500 meters, in fruit in December. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Méta: Philipson, Idrobo, & Fer nandez 1556 (Bm), 1666 (Bm, W--2026170). VENEZUELA: Falcén: Jahn 384 (F--photo, N--photo). SURINAM: Hostmann 89 (Ec--photo of isotype, F-~-2 photos of isotypes, N--2 photos of isotypes, Sg-- photo of isotype); Hostmann & Kappler 87 [Herb. Reichenbach f. 210173] (V), 89 (F--photo of isotype, N--photo of isotype). FRENCH GUIANA: Mélinon 433 (F--photo, N--photo), s.n. [Maroni, 4,02 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 1877] (Bz—-16828, F—photo, N—-photo). AEGIPHILA MINASENSIS Moldenke Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mynas Geraes: Sampaio 888 [Herb. Rio de Jan, 25665] (F--photo of type, Ja--type, N--fragment of type, N--photo of type, Si--photo of type, Z—-photo of type). AEGIPHILA MOLLIS H.B.X. Literature: H.B.X., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 250, pl. 130. 1817; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Kunth, Syn. Pl. 2: 43. 1823; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 422. 1825; Cham., Linnaea 7: 110. 1832; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 30. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. 4: 123. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 65. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 1848; Pritzel, Ic., Bot. Ind. 1: 23. 1866; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Pulle, Enum. Vasc. Pl. Surinam. 03. 1906; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 403-06 . 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 239--240 (1937), 1: 293 (1938), 1: 394 (1940), 2: 90 (19h), and 2: h42—bhhk. 1948; Daniel, Verb. Cent. Antioq. 7. 1947. A. mutisii H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 250, pl. 131. 1817; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 16. 1821; Kunth, Syn. Pl. 2: 43. 1823; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 422, 1825; Cham., Linnaea 7: 110. 1832; Kostel., Alleg. Med. Fl. 3: 829. 1834; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 30. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. h: 122--123. 185; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 654. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 288--289. 1851; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 190. 1861; Pritzel, Ic. Bot. Ind. 1: 23. 1866; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 03, in syn. 193k. A. salutaris H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 249. 1817; Steud., Nom, Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Kunth, Syn. Pl. 2: 3. 1823; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 422. 1825; Cham., Linnaea 7: 110. 1832; Ann, Nat. Hist. 2: 9. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29, 18)0; Walp., Repert. : 123. 1645; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 654. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 1150. 188; Schau, in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 289. 1851; Rosenth., Syn. Pl. Diaph. 430. 1862; Baill., Hist. Pl. 11: 87. 1891; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 47. 1895; Pittier, Pl. Usual. Venez. 16. 1926; Stapf, Ind, Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 403, in syn. 193). A. pubescens Willd. in Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29, in syn. 1840; Rosenth., Syn. Pl. Diaph. 430. 1862; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 03, in syn. 193). Ae mutisii var. grandiflora Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 654. 187; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 288. 1851; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 403, in syn, 193). A. mutisii var. parviflora Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 654. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 288. 1851; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 03, in syn. 193). The D'Orbigny 1086 cited by me in Phytologia 1: 239 (1937) as this species is actually A. steinbachii Moldenke. The Apolinar- Marfa 122 from Sasaima, cited by me in Phytologia 2: hhh (1948) as from "Department undetermined", is actually from Cundinamarca. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 03 Jaramillo collected the species at an altitude of 1000 meters and records the common name of "amarilleto de gorro",. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cauca: H. Pittier 626 (F-- photo, N—photo). Cundinamarca: Hartweg s.n. [Fusagasuga, near Bogot&] (F--photo, N—photo). Magdalena: H. H. Smith 868 (F— photo, N--photo), 870 (F--photo, N--photo), 1860 (F—-photo, N-- photo); Purdie s.n, [Santa Marta] (F--photo, N--photo). Méta: Philipson 2279 (Bm). Tolima: Haught 6357 (W--2045960). Valle del Cauca: Duque Jaramillo 1127 (F--1292h7h, F--1293928). VENEZUELA: Anzoategui: Otto B56 (F--2 photos, N—2 photos). Aragua: Fendler 843 (F--photo, N—-photo), 2052 (F—photo, N—photo); Lasser 791 THerb. Nac. Venez. 12587] (Ve), 905 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12506] (Ve); Ll. Williams 10222 (Herb, Nac. Venez. 12588] (Ve), 1031) [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12605] (Ve). Bolfvar: Cardona 799 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12601] (Ve). Carabobo: H. Pittier 7910 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12607] (Ve). Federal District: H. Pittier 7855 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12606] (Ve). Guarico: Chardon 117 [Herb. Nac. Venez. Sata (Ve). State undetermined: Eggers 136] (F--photo, N— photo). AEGIPHILA MONSTROSA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Trop. Woods 25: 12-~1l. 1931; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 298--299. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 20 (1937), 1: 293 (1938), 1: 394 (1940), 2: 90 (ilk), amd 2: LS. 1948; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 525: 202--203. 190. Additional citations: GUATEMALA: Izabal: P. C. Standley 25114 (F--photo, N--photo). HONDURAS: Atl4ntida: P. C. Standley 52717 (F—-photo, N--photo) . ee eee =o ae AEGIPHILA MONTICOLA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 2)8--2h9 (1937) and 1: The Schimpff 267, cited by me in Phytologia 1: 188 (1937) as A. bogotensis, is actually A. monticola. AEGIPHILA MULTIFLORA Rufz & Pav. Literature: Rufz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 1: 50, pl. 76. 1798; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 151. 1810; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1817; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 103. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 422. 1825; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 430. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1810; Walp., Repert. : 118. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 640. 1847; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 190. 1862; Rosenth., Syn. Pl. Diaph. 1130. 1862; Pritzel, Ic. Bot. Ind. 1: 23. 1866; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 46. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 295—296. 193h; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 250—-251 (1937), 1: 395 (1940), 2: 90 (19hL), and 2: 445-146. 1948; Moldenke, Holmbergia : 148. 1945. Clerodendron bolivianum Britton ex Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 82. 1900. Lok, PHET OLO:G 1 A Vol. h, no. 6 The type collection of Clerodendron bolivianum is H. H. Rusby 2619. The species is described as a shrub, 3 to 5 meters tall, or a "tall tree", ) meters in height, the flowers dark- or wine- red. I, has been collected in anthesis in September, November, and December, growing at altitudes of 2,0 to 3900 meters. Additional citations: PERU: Hudnuco: Asplund 13580 (S); Rufz & Pavon s.n. [Huassachuass & Pallao] (F--photo of isotype, N— photo of isotype). Puno: Vargas 6948 (W--1997730), 9644 (S). BOLIVIA: El Beni: Buchtien s.n. [XI.1910; Herb. Osten 6878] (Ug); H. H. Rusby 2619 (Pa). AEGIPHILA NOVOFRIBURGENSIS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 134. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 350. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 251 (1937) and 2: 46. 198. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: P. Clausen 19) (F--photo of type, N--photo of type). ry van AEGIPHILA OBDUCTA Vell. Literature: Vell., Fl. Flum, 38 (1825), Icon. 1: 97. 1827; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. h: 12). 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 655. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 289--290. 1851; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23:713. 1877; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. Frang. 58, Mém. 3: 547. 1911; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 54—l156. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 252 (1937), 1: 395 (19L0), 2: 439, fig. 3, and 2: 4h6--h)7. 1948; Sampaio & Feckolt, Arquiv. Mus. Nac. Rio 37: 33h. 19h3; Hoehne, Kuhlmann, & Handro, O Jard. Bot. Sdo Paulo 576--577. 1941; F. C. Hoehne, Relat. Anual Inst. Bot. 87. 1947; Stellfeld, Trib, Farmac. 19 (10): 170. 1951. A. lanuginosa Gardn, in Lond. Journ. Bot. h: 13h. 1845; Walp., Repert. 4: 121-122. 185; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 655. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 289. 1851; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 713. 1877; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Moldenke, Btittonia 1: 45h, in syn. 193h. The Rambo 50296 and 50333, cited below, are both representa- tives of the "A. lanuginosa" form, a form which may prove worthy of subspecific recognition. The Kuhlmann collection, also cited below, consists of cleaned seeds only. It was collected in the Jardim EBotanico at S&%o Paulo and the collector states "nativa nas capoeiras, frutos carnosos". Mello Barreto states that it grows in the "matta", while Rambo says it is found in primeval woods where, he says, it assumes a reclining form. The same spe- cies, he says, but much more dwarf in stature, grows in the Araw caria woods at Vila Oliva, near Caxias, Rio Grande do Sul. Mendes Maga!hSes also records it from the capoeira. Mello Barreto states that it becomes a tree 3 meters tall, graowing on granit- ic rocks. The flowers are uniformly described as white and odor- iferous. The species has been collected in anthesis in March and from June through October, and in fruit in October, November, am 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 05 December. A synonym is Aegiphila obducta Schau., in herb. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Federal District: Brade 1052 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 22947] (N); Ule 785 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 3227] (F--photo, N, N--photo). Minas Geraes: P. Clausen s.n. [Aug.—- April 180] (Br); Duarte 3083 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 71923] (N); Mello Barreto 9109 (Herb. Rio de Jan. 813] (Ja), glll [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 23285; Herb. Rio de Jan. ),812] (Ja, N); Mendes Magalh&es s.n. [11-VIII-937] (Be—1h05); Riedel 452 (Br- photo, Ec-~photo “Es—photo, F——photo, Ml~-photo, N—-photo, Ss— photo, Se—-photo); Sellow 5930 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos). Parand: Dusén 379a (F—photo, N—photo). Rio de Janeiro: Brade 10916 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio 838] (N), 11,80 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Pio 44843] (N); Glaziou 4160 (F--3 photos, N—3 photos), 6652 (F—-photo, N--photo), 11338 (F--photo, N-—photo), 11339 (F-—-_ photo, N--photo), 1839h (F- (F—-2 photos, N—-2 photos), 19722 (F— photo, N--photo); Mello Barreto 15007 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 5136] (N); Moldenke & Moldenke 19612 (Ms, N, No, Ot, Pn, sm), 19991 (Mg, N, No, Ot, Sm); Saldanha s.n. [Gab. Bot. Esc. Pol. 8391; Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio L793) (Ja). Santa Catharina: Hatschbach 1927 (N); Rambo 3258 (Rb), eee (N, S), 50333 (N); Reitz & Klein in 801 (N); Red Reitz & % & Rambo 4098 (Z); Schwacke IV.18) [Herb. ~ Jard. Bot. Rio 32271] (nN). So Paulo: Herb. Jard. “Bot. Rio 32268 (Ja); W. Hoehne 1290 (Mg, N, No, Wh, Wh), s.n. [16/6/ I9L6] (Wh, Wh, Wh, Wh, Wh, Wh); M. inna AL [10/11/1918] (N, Sp); Voldenke & Mondenks 19626 (Es, Lg, N). State undeter- mined: Collector undesignated 23 (F—photo, N—photo); Gusm#o s. n. (Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio 31720] (N); Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio de Jan. 32267 (Ja), 44875 (Ja). ety eee AEGIPHILA OBOVATA Andr. Literature: Andr., Bot. Rep. 9: 578. 1908; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict. 8. 1840 & 18,9; Hereman, Paxt. Bot. Dict. 13. 1868; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 391, in syn. 193h; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 252--253 (1937) and 2: 90. 19h; Moldenke, Lilloa h: 319. 1939; Greig-Smith, Journ. Ecology 0: 290, 29h, & 307. 1952. A. dubia Moldenke in Fedde, Repert 33: 120. 19333 Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 391--393. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 252, in syn. 1937; Moldenke, Lilloa ot 319, in syn. 1939. Additional citations: TRINIDAD: Cheesman & Baker 237 [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 13658] (R); Finlay s.n. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 2386] (F--photo, N—-photo), s.n. (Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 2389] age _oneekins Greig-Smith 1112 (N), ite (N), 1229 (N); ik. Bot. aan: ey 12163] (F—photo, i DHSLOY: 1,06 PHYTO b.0.G Tek Vol. 4, no. 6 AEGIPHILA ODONTOPHYLLA Donn. Sm. Literature: Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. 25: 157. 1898; Pittier, Prim. Fl. Costaric. 2: 211--212. 1898; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 190); Bot. Gaz. 57: 26. 191h; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 351— 352. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 25) (19375, 1: 395 (190), and 2: 47. 1948. A. fusca Prst. ex Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 351, in syn. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 254. 1937. A. furia Qrst. ex Moldenke, Bey tease ia 1: 254, in syn. 1937. Additional citations: COSTA RICA: vate 5 Stork 2230 (F— photo, N—photo). AEGIPHILA PANAMENSIS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Trop. Woods 25: lj-—-16. 1931; Moldenke Brittonia 1: 375--376. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 25 (19375, 1: 293 (1938), 1: 395-396 (190), 2: 90 (1944), and 2: h7. 1948; Matuda, Am. Midl., Nat. kh: 575. 1950. The specimens cited below collected by my wife and myself were collected on Barro Colorado Island - the first record of the species from this island. Wedel describes it as a tree 5 feet tall; Allen found it along a fencerow at sea-level, while Leén collected it at an altitude of 600 meters. The yellow or pale- yellow flowers have been found in July, October, and November. Additional citations: COSTA RICA: Limén: J. Leén 1719 [Herb. Inst. Interamer, Turrialba 905] (W—-2021L95). P,ntarenas: P. H. Allen 5346 (N). PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Cooper & Slater any (F-- photo, N—photo); Dunlap 407 (F--photo, N——photo); Wedel 1221 (N). Canal Zone: Moldenke & | —— 19896 (Lg, N). Panamé: Her- iberto 163 (F--photo, N--photo); P. C. . Standley 28155 (F--photo, N--photo). AEGIPHILA PANICULATA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Trop. Woods 25: 16--17. 1931; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 386——388. *193h5 Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 25--255 (1937), 1: 396 (1940), and 2: h7. 1948; Matuda, Am. Midl. Nat. lib: 575. 1950. Dodge and Allen describe the plant as a small tree with orange fruits in January. Additional citations: PANAMA: Canal Zone: Dodge & Allen 1771 (E--1121185); P. C. Standley 29232 (F—photo, N—photo) . AEGIPHILA PARAGUARIENSIS Briq. Literature: Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, : 1166. 190h; Chodat, Plant. Hassler. 2: 502--503. 190h; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 4. 1908; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 32)--326. 193h; Molden- ke, Phytologia 1: 255 (1937), 1: 293 (1938), 1: 396 (19h0), and 2: hh7. 1948; Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 19 (10): 170. 1951. The species is described by collectors as a tree to meters tall, growing in fields and cerrado, with white or yellow flow- ers collected in January, February, ay, and September through December. Specimens have been mis-identified in herbaria as A. lhotzkiana Cham. and A. sellowiana Cham. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 407 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: Malme 263 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 28268] (Ja); Smith s.n. [Herb. Rio de Jan. an. 32269] (Ja). Minas Geraes: Macedo 3h (N); Mello Barreto 10307 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 811] (Ja); Mendes Magalhes 976 (Be--13916); Sam- 3 6915 & 6917 [Herb. Rio io de Jan. 44826] (N). Paran4: Dusén_ 15963 (F- (F--photo, N--photo) ; ietaten 95 (F--photo, N—photo), | 99 ae N--photo). Rio de Janeiro: Glaziou 1133) (F--photo, N--photo). PARAGUAY: Hassler 1921 (F--photo, N--photo), 98 (S--cotype), 5056 (S--cotype), 6931 (S--cotype, V—332—~cotype); T. Rojas 12768 (Si). AEGIPHILA PARVIFLORA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 135. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 328--329. 193k; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 255 (1937) and 2: 447--48. 1948. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Angostura: Grosourdy Cat. 13 s.n. [Guyana] (F--photo, N—photo). BRAZIL: Pard: Spruce 509 (F--photo of isotype, N--photo of isotype). AEGIPHILA PENDULA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 135. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 383--338). 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 256-- 257 (1937) and 1: 396. 190. Camp describes this as a tree 6 meters tall, with leaves deep- sreen above, pale-green beneath and fruit terminal on branch- ends, ripening orange in June, growing at altitudes of 1000 to 1250 feet. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Zulia: H. Pittier 10645 [Herb. Nac. Yenez. 12608] (Ve--isotype). ECUADOR: Guayas, Caflar, Chim- borazo, & Bolfvar: Camp E.3827 (N). AEGIPHILA PERNAMBUCENSIS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 257--258 (1937), 1: 396 (190), and 2: 448. 1948. The species is called "cafeeiro de cabra' and has been found in "capoeira de logares altos", blooming in February, March, Ap- ril, and October. Specimens have been mis-identified as A. Inot- zkiana Cham. ~ Additional citations: BRAZIL: Ceard: Freire Allem%o 1177 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 31757 & 44810] (Ja, N). Parahyba: J. M. Vas- concelos 55 [Herb. Esc. Agronom. Nordeste 39] (Sf), 81 [Herb. Esc. Agronom. Nordeste 392] (Sf), 853 [Herb. Esc. Agronom. Nord- este 41] (N, Sf). Pernambuco: Picker 526 (Herb. Rio de Jan. 24258] (Ja). AEGIPHILA PERPLEXA Noldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 136. 1933; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 333-389. 193h; Moidenke Phytologia 1: 258 (1937), 1: 397 (2 (1940), 2: 90 (194), and 2: 48. 1948; Moldenke, Lilloa : 3 1939. 4,08 P-H OY TOL OFGO A Vol. 4, no. 6 Additional citations: TOBAGO: Eggers 55,0 (F--photo, N—photo). TRINIDAD: R. E. D. Baker s.n. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 13989] (R); Fendler 571 (F--photo, N--photo), 592 (Pa). AEGIPHILA PERUVIANA Turcz. Literature: Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36: 219. 1863; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 368-370. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 259 (1937), 1: 29h (1938), 1: 397 (1940), 2: 90 (1944), and 2: 48. 1948. The specific name in this binomial is sometimes upper-cased. Additional citations: PERU: San Martin: Mathews s.n. [Moyobam— ba] (F—photo, N—-photo, Sg—photo); Ll. Williams 5480 (Ec—- photo, F--photo, N--photo, Sg--photo), 5558 (F--photo, N--photo), 6152 (F--photo, N--photo), 6291 (F--photo, N-—-photo), 6860a (F— photo, N—-photo), 7334 (F--photo, N—photo). BOLIVIA: El Beni: H. H. Rusby 2473 (F=-), photos, N--), photos, Pa, Sg—-photo). AEGIPHILA PLATYPHYLLA Briq. Literature: Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 4: 1167—1168. 190k; Chodat, Plant. Hassler. 2: 504--505. 1904; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: ). 1908; Brittonia 1: 28--29. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 259 (1937) and 2: hh8. 1948. Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Hassler 8056 (S--isotype). AEGIPHILA PUBERULENTA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 137. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 412--l,13. 193h; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 259 (1937), 1: 397 (1940), 2: 90 (19h), and 2: 4)8--l9. 1948. Cuatrecasas collected the species at an altitude of 235 meters and found it blooming in October. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Atl4ntico: Elias 581 (F— photo, N-~photo). Méta: Cuatrecasas 3543 (F--1329861). AEGIPHILA PURPURASCENS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia h: 173--175. 1953. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Azuay: Camp E.338 (N--type), ©4388 (N), E.W19 (N). AEGIPHILA QUINDUENSIS (H.B.K.) Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 138. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 415--16. 193k; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 260 (1937), 1: 29h (1938), 1: 397 (1940), and 2: 449. 1948. Petitda quinduensis H.3.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 2: 248. 1818; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 1847; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 188. 1862; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 3: 477. 1894; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 15, in syn. 193; Noldenke, Phytologia 1: 294, in syn. 1938. Petitia tenuifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. Mant. 3: 50. 1827; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 1847; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 3: 477. 1894; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 15, in syn. 193); Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 294, in syn. 1938. Aegiphila humboldtii Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 652. 1847; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 47. 1895; Mol- 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 09 denke, Brittonia 1: 415, in syn. 193h. Specimens of this species have been mis-identified in herbaria as A. membranacea Turcz. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Aragua: Delgado 115 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12612] (Ve); H. Pittier 1993 (Herb. Nac. Venez. 12599 (Ve), 15550 (N); Le Williams 10251 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12609] (Ve), 10391 (Herb. Nac. Venez. 12611] (Ve) « Carabobo: Karsten s.n. [Puerto Cabello] (F--photo, N--photo); H, Pittier 8806, in part [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12613] (F--photo, N--photo, Ve). Federal District: H. Pittier 100, [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12610] (F-- photo, N--photo, Veltas> ct AEGIPHILA RACEMOSA Vell. Literature: Vell., Fl. Flum. 37 (1825), Icon. 1: 88. 1827; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1840; Walp., Repert. 4: 119 & 12h. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 653. 1847; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit. Guian. 959. 1848; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 287. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 7. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 447--l,49. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 260--261 (1937), 1: 397 (1940), 2: 90 (194k), and 2: Wil, fig. lL, & Lu9. 1948; Sampaio & Peckolt, Arquiv. Mus. Nac. Rio 37: 334. 1943. A. mollis var. foliis basi vix angustatis Miq. ex Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 447, in syn. 193h. Specimens of this species have been mis—identified as A. cus- pidata Mart. and have been collected in woods, near rivers' _ edges and along roadsides, in anthesis in January, February, March, October, and November. It is described by Archer and by Murga Pires and Black as a liana or vine with yellow or pale yellow-green flowers. Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: De la Cruz 3627 (F— photo, N--photo); Jenman 1993 (F--photo, N—photo); Schomburgk 146 (F—-photo, N--photo), 61 615 (F--2 photos, N--2 photos). SURI- NAM: B.W. 2850 (N); Kappler 1 1717 (F--photo, N—-photo). FRENCH GUIANA: Mélinon 17) (F--photo, N N—photo), 42) (F--photo, N— photo); Sagot 473 ( (F--2 photos, N--2 aears BRAZIL: Amazonas: Xavier 97 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 6792] (Ja). Guaporé: Cordeiro & Silva | Sn. [Porto Velho, 1952) (N). Parad: Archer == pate AEGIPHILA RIEDELIANA Schau. Literature: Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 649. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9* 282—-283. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 7. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 311—313. 193; Moldenke, Phytolog- ial: 261 (1937), 1: 397 (1940), 2: 91 (1944), and 2: 49. 19L8: Sampaio & Peckolt, Arquiv. Mus. Nac. Rio 37: 334. 1943. A. serr- ata Vell., Fl. Flun. 33 (1825), Icon. 1: 92. 1827; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1840; Walp., Repert. h: 12h. 1845; Schau. in 410 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. k, no. 6 DC., Prodr. 11: 651. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 28h. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 7. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 311, in syn. 1934; Sampaio & Peck- olt, Arquiv. Mus. Nac. Rio 37: 334, in syn. 193; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 2: 49. 1948. The species is said to be a tree to 20 feet tall similar to A. sellowiana Cham. in appearance or a shrub 3 meters tall, found in thickets along streams. The corollas are cream-colored, blooming in January, September, and October, fruiting in June. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Mendes Magalhdes 4563 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 5704] (N). Rio Grande do Sul: Moldenke & Moldenke 19682 (Es, Lg, Mg, N, Ot, Sm); Rambo 29169 (S), 37330 (N), 40320 (Rb). AEGIPHILA SALTICOLA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 37: 211--212. 193; Noldenke, Phytologia 1: 263--26 (1937), 1: 294 (1938), 1: 397 (1940), and 2: 450. 1948. Specimens of this species are often mis-identified as A. vill- osa (Aubl.) Gmel. in herbaria. The species has been found in an= thesis in June. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Par&: Huber 809 [Herb. Rio de et te cae Mexia 5922 (En—-isotype). SAO LUIZ ISLAND: Frées 11733 (S). AEGIPHILA SCANDENS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 26-265 (1937), 1: 29h ot and 2: 450. 19118; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 37: 212. 1934. The Schu]tes & Lépez collection cited below exhibits mature calyxes that are deeply lobed. It seems possible that this con- dition may obtain during anthesis, too, although the type col- lection has plainly subtruncate calyx-rims. The type collection is described as having yellow corollas, but the Murga Pires specimen cited below is said to have white flowers. It was at first mis-identified as A. chrysantha Hayek, and was collected in anthesis in April. ~ Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Murga Pires 386 (Be-- 28343, N); Schultes & Lépez 8953 (W--1996657) ._ AEGIPHILA SCHIMPFFII ioldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 265--266 (1937), 1: 29k (1938), and 2: 450 [as A. schimpfii]. 1948; Svenson, Am. Journ. Bot. 33: 480 [as A. schimpfii]. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac. 69 & 175 [as A. schimpfii]. 199. Camp describes this species as a shrubby tree 2.5 meters tall, with arching branches, or a wide-branched tree 5 meters tall. The leaves are deep-green above, pale-green beneath, the calyx pale yellow-green, the corolla greenish-yellow, and the fruit bright-orange in June. He found it at altitudes of 1000 to 1250 feet. 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 411 Additional citatims: ECUADOR: Guayas, Cafiar, Chimborazo, & Bolivar: Camp E.3733 (N), E.3737 (N). AEGIPHILA SELLOWIANA Cham. Literature: Cham., Linnaea 7: 111-112. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 180; Walp., Repert. h: 121. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 648--649. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 281. 1851; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 712. 1877; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 47. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. k (3a): 166. 1895; Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. Franc. 58, Mém. 3: 546. 1911; Usteri, Fl. Umgeb. Standt Sfo Paulo 228. 1911; Hayek, Denkschr. Kaiser. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-nat. 79 (1): 296. 1908; Luetzelburg, Estudo Bot. Nordéste 3: 22) [as Aegyphila * sellowiana). 1923; Molcenke, Brittonia 1: 332=--335. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 266--267 (1937), 1: 29h (1938) , 1: 398 (1940), 2: 91 (19b4), 2: 450 (1948), and 3: 6. 1948; Hoehne, Kuhlmann, & Handro, O Jard. Bot. SHo Paulo 577. 19lil; Foc. Hoehne, Relat. Anual Inst. Bot. 87. 1947; Kuhlmann & Ktthn, Fl. Dist. Ibiti 116 & 180. 1947; Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 19 (10): 170 & 171. 1951. A. sellowiana var. subglabrata Cham, ex Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 332, in syn. 193k. Mendes Magalhdes describes the plant as a tree 4 meters tall, but Mello Barreto says it is a tree 8 to 30 meters tall. Kuhl-" mann & Ktfhn describe it as a ptenophyte. In addition to the dates of anthesis given in my monograph, it has been coll=cted in flower in June. The vernacular names of "briatva", "capoeira branca", "f6lha larga", "fruta de sabid", and "tamanqueiro" are recorded by Kuhlmann & Ktthn, who state that in December and Jan- uary the flowers are much visited by "Abelha donestica" and other insects. Klein records the name "pau de gaiola", Koscinsky found the plant in woods. Luetzelburg records it from Leopoldina in Espirito Santo; the Campos Novaes collection cited by Hayek is probably also from that state. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: H. P. Velloso 958 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 41550] (N). Federal District: Brade 11293 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 4840] (N); Vidal & Valle I.22 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 822] (Ja). Minas Geraes: P. Ci Clausen s. 5... [Herb. Rio de Jan. 32229] (Ja); Henschen 1.18 (F--photo, N--photo); Macedo 2850 (N); Mello Barreto 4012 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 16867; Herb. Rio de Jan. 4814) (Ja, N); Mendes Magalh%es 1371 (Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 00l5} (Be--1]012, N); Regnell 1.18 (F—-2 photos, N--2 photos); Sampaio 6967 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 829] (N), 7356 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 4832] (N). Parand: Dusén 2532 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 32265] (N), 11228 (F--photo, N——photo), | 16669 (F—photo, N—photo), 17362 (F——photo, N—photo), s s.n. (Passo, March 18, 190); Herb. Rio de Jan. 44819] (Ja), s.n. [Jaguariahy- va] (rF—2 photos, N-—-photo, Sg—-photo); Hatschbach 2615 (N). Rio de Janeiro: C. V. Freire s.n. [Herb. Rio de Jan. 31521] (N); Glanicy 808 (F—photo, N—photo); Peckolt 223 (F—-photo, N— oto) 5 Saldanha s.n. [Eerb. Gab. Bot. Esc. re Pol. 5160; Herb. Rio 412 PE-YoROLO Gera Vol. 4, no. 6 de Jan. 4796] (N), s.n. [Herb. Gab. Bot. Esc. Pol. 6938; Herb. Rio de Jan. 4794] (Ja); Sellow s.n. (F—6 photos of cotypes, N--5 photos of cotypes, Sg—-photo of cotype). Rio Grande do Sul: Dutra 818 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 4820] (Ja); Malme 799 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 28157] (Ja); Rambo 38582 (N), 38921 (N); Theissen Son. [Eerb. Rambo 7843; Herb. Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 50979] (Sp). Santa Catharina: R. Klein 132 (Z, Z), le (N). S&o Paulo: Brade 76h [Herb. Rio de Jan. 22889] (Ja), 7922 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 22090] (Ja), 12120 (Herb. Rio de Jan. 485] (Ja); W. Hoehne 2h) (N, Wh), son. [17/5/1932] (Wh), s.n. [4/1/1933] (Wh); Koscinsky 598 (Sf); Moldenke & Moldenke 19660 (N); Mosén 3035 (F--photo, N--_ photo), 4323 (F—photo, N—photo) ; Navarro de Andrade 76 (Herb. Rio de Jan. 31585] (Ja); Pickel 961 (Sf); Tamandaré & Brade 7h63 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 22888] (Ja). State undetermined: barboza boza 115b— [Herb. Rio de Jan. 5888] (Ja); Herb. Rio de Jan, 322 32251 (Lg, N)3 Vecchi s.n, (Herb. Rio de Jan. 16301) “(Ja)= BOLIVIA: IA: La Paz: Me Bang Bang 1332 32 (Pa). AEGIPHILA SESSILIFLORA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 301--302. 193); Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 267 (1937), 1: 398 (1940), and 3: 46--l\7. 19,8. The Garcia y Barriga 129), cited by me in Phytologia 3: 7 (1948), proves to be A. truncata Moldenke instead. Core descri- bes A. sessiliflora as a tree to 50 feet tall, growing in the open, at altitudes of 1500 meters, biooming in January. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: A. Lopez s.n. [Archer 392] (Fn—1665--isotype). Cauca: E. Toefl Core ore 206 (W—— 2059687) . AEGIPHILA SETIFORMIS Rusby Literature: Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club : 245. 1895; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 12. 1896; Molcenke, Brittonia 1: 433-35. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 267-—-268 (1937) and 1: 398-399. 190. A. densiflora Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 107. 1896; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 4. 190; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 433, in syn. 193k. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: La Paz: M. Bang 878a, in part (Pa--isotype), 1732 (Pa). AEGIPHILA SKUTCHII Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac. 13 & 15, nom. nud. 1939; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 399—l,00. 1940; Matuda, Am. Midl. Nat. hh: 575. *1950; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 7. 198. Matuda describes this as a tree g meters tall, growing in wet mixed forest at an altitude of k83 meters, blooming in July. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Matuda 18062 (N). AEGIPHILA SMITHII Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 191—~192 (1932) and 1: )19- 420. 193l; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 268 (1937), 1: 29h (1938), 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 413 and 3: 47. 198. Asplund describes this plant as a shrub 5 meters tall, with orange fruits in October. Additional citations: PERU: Loreto: Asplund 1048 (S); Klug 1460 (F--photo, N--photo), 1490 (F—photo, N—-—photo) . AEGIPHILA SPICATA (Rusby) Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 139. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: )32--33. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 268 (1937) and 3: 47. 1948. Citharexylon spicatum Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 81. aes ‘Thiselt .-Dyer, -Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2. 1904; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 432, in syn. 193). Aegiphila bangii Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 432, in syn. 193k. ~~ Additional pi catiaea: BOLIVIA: La Paz: M. Bang 878a (F-—photo, N--photo) . AEGIPHILA SPLENDENS Schau. Literature: Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 68. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 280-—-281. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 7. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ) (3a): 166 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 3h—-345. 1934; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 1: 268 (1937), 2: 91 (194k), and 3: 47. 1948. Aegyphylla splendens Schau. ex Moldenke, Suppl. List Invalid Names I, in syn. 19)1. AEGIPHILA STEINBACHII Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 9 (191) and 3: 48. 198. The isotype cited below from the Montevideo herbarium states on its label that it was collected at Palometilla Pampa, alti- tude 00 meters, Sara, November 16, 1916. I4 is said to be a small tree to 5 meters tall, with greenish-yellow flowers. The D'Orbigny 1086 cited below was recorded by me in Phytolo- gia 1: 239 (1937) as A. mollis H.B.K. in error. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: D'Orbigny 1086 (Cb); Steinbach 3168 [Herb. Osten 1781] (F--photo of isotype, N— photo of isotype, Ug--isotype). AEGIPHILA STEYERMARKII Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark 59960 (N-type, S——isotype). AEGIPHILA STEYERMARKII var. OBTUSIFOLIA Moldenke Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark 60113 (N—-type, S--isotype). AEGIPHILA SUFFLAVA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 193 (1932) and 1: 61—l62. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 269 (1937), 1: 295 (1938), and 3: 48. 19h8. Additional citations: PERU: Loreto: Tessmann 5155 (F--photo, N—photo); Ll. Williams 8225 (F--photo of type, N—photo of type) kik PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 AEGIPHILA SURFACEANA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 462—163. 1931; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 06--l08. 1934; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 1: 269 (1937), 1: OO (1940), and 3: 48. 1948. A. velutina Huber ex Moldenke, Brittonia 1: f06, in ‘syn'193h.. oO" Se ' Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: Schomburgk 981 (F— photo, N=-photo). BRAZIL: Par4: Huber 2022 (F--photo, N—-photo). AEGIPHILA TERNIFOLIA (H.B.K.) Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 11. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 280--282. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 270 (1937), 1: OO (1940), and 3: 48. 1948. Ehretia ternifolia H.B. K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 3: 66. 1818; Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 647. 1825; DC., Prodr. 9: 513. 1845; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 187. 1862; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 2: 823. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 280, in syn. 193). Amerina ternifolia (H.B.K.) P. DC., Prodr. 9: 513. 1845; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 188. 1862; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 106. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 280, in syn. 1933; Molden- ke, Phytologia 1: 270, in syn. 1937. According to Pittier, in a personal communication to me, the type of this species was collected in the state of Miranda, Venezuela, AEGIPHILA TRIFIDA Sw. Literature: Sw., Prodr. 32. 1788; Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 259. 1789, 1791, & 1796; Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 260. 1797; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 617. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 37. 1797; Gmel. (Turton), Gen. Syst. of Nat. 5: 219. 1802; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805; Andr., Bot. Rep. 9: 578. 1809; Poir., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 1: 151. 1810; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1817; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 102—103. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 1: 16. 1821; Willd., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 82. 1821; Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 422. 1825; Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 430. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1840; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict. 8. 1840 & 189; Walp., Repert. 4: 120. 1815; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 50k. 185-1862; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 68. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 28). 1851; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 499. 1861; Hereman, Paxt. Bot. Dict. 13. 1868; Fawcett, Prov. List Indig. Nat. Fl. Pl. Jamaica 30. 1893; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 7. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (3a): 166. 1895; Urb., Symb. Ant. 3: 364-366. 1903; Britton & Wils., Scient. Surv. Porto Rico 6: 148. 1925; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 356—357. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 270 (1937), 1: 295 (1938), and 1: 400. 1940. A. trifida var, affinis Urb. ex Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 356, in syn. 193k. A. 3-fida Sw. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 1: S70, in aya AIST SOS Hh TON: Additional citations: JAMAICA: N. L. Britton 053 (F--photo, N--photo); W. Harris 614 (Ec—-photo, F—-photo, N--photo, Sg— photo), 6273 (F--photo, N-—-photo), s.n. [Whitfield Coffee Plan- tation, Hay 25, 1897] (F); Swartz s.n. [Jamaica] (F--633323— photo of isotype, F-62160, in part--photo of type, I-—photo of 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 41s type, S--isotype). AEGIPHILA TRUNCATA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 33: 11. 1933; Molden- ke, Brittonia 1: 289--290. 1934; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 271. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 91. 19h. Garcfa y Barriga records the common names of "tatumo" and "queso fresco" and says it is a tree 3 to 8 meters tall, leafy, with white, very aromatic, few flowers, blooming in January, August, and December. The fruit, collected in December, is sparse and black. The tree is said to grow in coffee plantations at altitudes of 1120 to 1820 meters. Garcia y Barziga's 1249); was originally mis-identified as A. Seer Moldenke. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cundinam : Garcfa y Barriga 10941 (#1852169), 11009 (N), 1249 (N); Fee 5191 [Macbride ~ photos 30133] (F--photo o: of isotype, ype, Kr--photo oto of iso isotype, N-—— photo of isotype). Tolima: Garcfa y Barriga 8386 (#177157) « AEGIPHILA VALERII Standl, Literature: Standl., Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 81. 1925; Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 6. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 290-~ 292. 193k; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 272 (1937), 2: 91 (194k), and 2: 4b3, fig. 5. 193; Standl., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 18: 998. 1938; Matuda, Am, Widl, Nat. {hs 575. 1950. Standley and Matuda add the following characters to the com posite description of the species: truxk to 35 cm. in diameter; branchlets pale-tomentose; leaves opposite, short-petiolate; leaf-blades rather densely short-pilose beneath; cymes all axil- lary, sessile or short—nvedunculate; pedicels very short or none; calyx puberulent; corolla-tube 3.5 mm. long. Matuda states that the tree is 7 to 8 meters tall, with a trunk to 60 cn. in dian- eter. It has been collected in anthesis in January and July and in fruit in January. It inhabits advanced forests at an altitude of about 1200 meters. It has been mis-identified as A. monstrosa foldenke. ae Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Matuda 2017 (F--913213, Mh, Mi, N), 4876 (Ld, Me, Me, Lh, N). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Standley & Valerio 45236. (F—6215h) 5 J. Valerio 148 (F--633311- photo of type). AEGIPHILA VALLENSIS Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 129=-130. 196. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 15115 (N), 1556 (N-type). er yer AEGIPHILA VENEZUELENSIS Moldenke Steyermark describes this species as a shrub 15 feet tall, the membranous leaves dark-green above and dull pale-green beneath, growing in scrubby woods on mesas at an altitude of 1615 meters, fruiting in November. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark 60036 (F- 1205119--isotype, N--type, N--photo of isotype, Si--photo of 416 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, no. 6 isotype, Z--photo of isotype), 60263 (N, S). AEGIPHILA VERRUCOSA Schau. Literature: Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 650. 1847; Karst., Ausw. Neu. Sch. Gew. Venez. 31--32. 1848; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 188. 1862; Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 2: 1151. 1876; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 47. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ) (3a): 166. 1895; Pittier, Pl. Usual. Venez. 16. 1926; Moldenke, Brit- tonia 1: 286--288. 193; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 272 (1937) and 2: 91. 19hh; Pittier, Supl. Plant. Usual. Venez. 5. 1939. Lycium grandifolium Willd. ex Karst., Ausw. Neu. Sch. Gew. Ven- ez. 32, in syn. 1648; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 286, in syn. 193k. Brtickea grandifolia (Willd.) Klotzsch & Karst. in Karst., Ausw. Neu. Sch. Gew. Venez. 32--33, pl. 10. 1848; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 345. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 286, in syn. 193. Brtickea eglandulosa Klotzsch & Karst. ex Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 286, in syn. 193). Brttckea verrucosa (Schau.) Klotzsch & Karst. ex Mol- denke, Brittonia 1: 286, in syn. 193. Brueckea eglandulosa Klotzsch & Karst. apud Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: Li, in syn. 1938; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 8, in syn. 1940. Brueckea verrucosa Klotzsch & Karst. apud Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 41, in syn. 1938; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. lyst Invalid Names 8, in syn. 190. Steyermark describes the species as a shrub or tree 20 to 30 feet tall, the leaves ascending, subcoriaceous, dark-green above and pale-green beneath, the calyx pale-green with brownish ex- crescences, and the fruit roundish and pale-green in December. He says it grows in the lower woods on west= and southwest-facirg slopes of mountains. Killip & Smith found it on scrubby slopes, fruiting in February. It has been collected at altitudes of 1675 to 2600 meters. Pittier lists the common name "chicharra". The label on the Macbride photos cited below says "Colombia" and "Moritz 896" in error. The Karsten collection also has "Columb- ien" on its labels in error. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Santander: Killip & Smith 19295 (W--1354567). VENEZUELA: Aragua: Allart 26 (F—photo, N-- photo); Jahn 4) (F—photo, N—-photo); Karsten s.n. [Colonia To- var] (F--2 photos, N--2 photos); Moritz 897 [Macbride photos 28389] (F--photo of isotype, Kr--photo of isotype, N--photo of isotype); H. Pittier 9347 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 12616] (F--photo, N--photo, Ve). Federal District: Steyermark 55055 (N, S). AEGIPHILA VERTICILLATA Vell. Literature: Vell., Fl. Flum. 38 (1825), Icon. 1: 91. 1827; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 29. 1840; Walp., Repert. 4: 118 & 12h. 1845; Schau. in DC., Prodr. 11: 648. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 280. 1851; Warming, Symb. Fl. Bras. Cent. 23: 712. 1877; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 47. 1395; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 79. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 329--331. 193i; Moldenke, Phytolog- ia 1: 272 (1937) and 1: 295--296. 1938; Moldenke, Prelim. List Invalid Names 4. 190; Moldenke,Suppl.List Invalid Names 3.191. PHYTOLOGIA is financed entirely by its contributors, each one paying in advance for the entire cost of printing, binding, and distributing his con- — tribution. 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Upon request, the editors will send detailed instructions concerning the preparation of manuscript or further information about the magazine. In-— quiries may be addressed to the magazine or to either editor. ww tll i ed an F al NEW Y Jd ee] od BOTAN! GARD PHY TOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 4 December, 1953 No. 7 CONTENTS LittLe, E. L., A new Byrsonima from Puerto Rico.................... Ny) SWALLEN, J. R., New grasses from Guatemala ........0....0...000000.. 423 Mo.penkE, H. N., Additional notes on the a a ACT Se! a eee Rn ane 427 Mo.peNkE, H. N., Additional notes on the AMIE AS OANOUNEUEIIE SEE 134.0 /208.2 0 0225 0 boos sy iee-d x accuses 439 Mo.pENKE, H. N., The known geographic distribution of the members of the Verbenaceae, Avicennia- ceae, Stilbaceae, Symphoremaceae, and Eriocau- laceae. Supplement 11 ................... al eae his Ky Bol dots ea 450 Mo.upENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the ha how YY G7 CO BOP 0 ARERR a a Od ASE PB 452 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 15 Glenbrook Avenue Yonkers 5, New York Price of this number, 75 cents; per volume, $5 in advance: Vol. 4, No. 6, was issued November 14, 1953 he Whee ¥, with i f in A NEW BYRSONIMA FROM PUERTO RICO Elbert L. Little, Jr. A distinct undescribed tree species of Byrsonima Rich. (family Malpighiaceae) has been noted during the preparation of an illustrated work on the trees of Puerto Rico by Frank H. Wadsworth and myself. Its formal publication with description from fresh specimens follows. BYRSONIMA WADSWORTHII Little, sp. nov. (Subg. Macrozeugma Niedenzu, Sect. Acrotheca Niedenzu, Subsect. Brachyceras Nie- denzu.) Arbor parva 5-8 m. alta, trunco 15-25 cm. diametro, multum ramificata, sempervirens. Ramuli grisei, dense adpresse tomentulosi demum glabri et fissiles. Stipulae basi connatae, ovatae, 2-3 mm. longae, acutae, adpresse tcomentulosae. Folia opposita, petiolata, petiolis 3-10 (12) mm. longis, crassis, griseis, adpresse tomentulosis; laminae ellipticae interdum ob- ovatae, 4-6 (3-8) cm. longae, 2.5-3 (2-5) cm. latae, basi ro- tundatae vel cuneatae, apice leviter retusae vel obtusae, cori- aceae, margine revolutae, supra virides vel atrovirides, leviter nitidae, novellae leviter tomentosae adultae glabrae nisi ad costam et basim versus, venis primariis plerumque 4-6 utr inque, his cum costa paullo impressis, subtus griseae et dense adpresse tomentulosae. Racemi terminales, 3-7 cm. longi, pedicellis 5-10 mm. longis; rachis adpresse tomentulosa basim versis pilis griseis et pilis brunneis apicem versus ataue in pedicellis; bractae 1-2 mm. longae, acutae, pilis brunneis. Flores 10-12 mm. lati. Sepala 5, ovata, 4 mm. longa, acuta, pilis brunneis, persistentia, basim 2 glandulas oblongas albas demum brunneas gerentia. Petala 5, 5-6 mm. longa, ungue et lamina fere aequa- libus, reniformia, denticulata, alba demum rosea, patentia et leviter recurva. Torus pilis brunneis 2 mm. longis. Stamina 10, 4 mm. longa, filamentis 3 mm. longis, roseis, basim versus pilosis; antherae loculi pallide flavi, glabri, mucronulati; connectivum plus quem 1 mm. longum, oblongum, flavum, antheras loculos fere duplo sunerans. Ovarium ovoideum, plus quam 2 mm. longum, brunneum, triangulare, adpresse tomentulosum, 3-loculare; styli 3, gracili, 2 mm. longi, albi. Drupa globoso-ovoidea, 10-12 mm. longa, 8 mm. lata, rosea vel rubra, apicem acutum versus adpresse tomentulom, leviter succulenta; putamen ovoideum 6-7 mm. longum et latum, apice acuto, verrucosum, albidum, os- seum, 4% seminibus 4 mm. longis. Fig. 1. 417 4418 PHY TOUO0GT & Vol. h, no. 7 Small tree 5-8 m. high, 15-25 em. in trunk diameter, much branched, evergreen. Twigs gray, densely appressed tomentulose, at length glabrous and fissured. Stipules connate at base, ovate, 2-3 mm. long, acute, appressed tomentulose. Leaves oppo- site, petioled, with petioles 3-10 (12) mm. long, thick, gray, appressed tomentulose; blades elliptical or sometimes obovate, 4-6 (3-10) em. long, 2.5-3 (2-5) cm. broad, base rounded or cuneate, apex slightly retuse or obtuse, coriaceous, margins revolute, above green or dark green, slightly shiny, when young slightly tomentulose but when mature glabrous except on midrib and toward base, primary veins usually 4-6 on each side, these with midrib slightly impressed, beneath gray and densely ap- pressed tomentulose. Racemes terminal, 3-7 cm. long, with pedi- cels 5-10 mm. long; rachis appressed tomentulose with gray hairs toward base and with brown hairs toward apex and on pedicels; bracts 1-2 mm. long, acute, with brown hairs. Flowers 10-12 mm. broad. Sepals 5, ovate, 4 mm. long, acute, brown hairy, per- Sistent, bearing 2 oblong glands 1 mm. long at base, white but at length brown. Petals 5, 5-6 mm. long, with claw and blade nearly equal, reniform, denticulate, white but at length pink, 3preading and slightly recurved. Receptacle with brown hairs 2 mm. long. Stamens 10, 4 mm. long, filaments 3 mm. long, pink, hairy toward base, anther locules pale yellow, glabrous, mucro- nulate, connective more than 1 mm. lmg, oblong, yellow, nearly twice as long as anther locules. Ovary ovoid, more than 2 mm. long, brown, 3-angled, appressed tomentulose, 3-celled; styles 3, slender, 2 mm. long, white. Drupe globose-ovoid, 10-12 mm. long, 8 mm. broad, pink or red, appressed tomentulose near the acute apex, slightly fleshy; stone ovoid, 6-7 mm. long and broad with acute apex, verrucose, whitish, bony, with 3 seeds 4 m. long. Fie, 1. The compact dense crown of dark green foliage varies from broad and spreading to narrow. The bark is brown or dark brown, with many small fissures or slightly furrowed, 5 mm. or more in thickness. Inner bark is red streaked in outer part and pinkish beneath, bitter. The wood is light brown and hard. Flowering in summer (June to August) and maturing fruit in autumn (Septem- ber and Cctober). Almendrillo is the common name generally applied to this tree. Another common name, used also for other species of the genus, is maricao. It is a pleasure to associate with this well-defined species the name of Frank Howard Wadsworth, who first called my atten- tim to it as an unidentified species of Byrsonima occurring on sample plots andwho collected specimens from the type tree with 1953 Little, A new Byrsonima 419 me in 1950 and 1952. Dr. Wadsworth, an authority on forestry in Puerto Rico, has been in charge of forest research at the Tropical Region, United States Forest Service, Rfo Piedras, Puerto Rico, since 1042. Byrsonima Rich. is a tropical American species of more than 100 species of trees and shrubs. Niedenzu (Pflanzenreich Heft 91, 93, 94 (Iv. 141), 870 p., illus. 1928) in his thorough monograph of family Malpighiaceae accepted 104 species of Byrso- nima with additional varieties. A few other species have been published since. According to Niedenzu's key, Byrsonima wads- worthii belongs in Subg. Macrozeugma, Sect. Acrotheca, Subsect. Brachyceras, in which only 4 species were placed, including B. trinitensis Juss. and B. martinicensis Krug& Urban in the West Indies and 2 others of South America. The new species would be near the same 2 species ina separate key to the West Indian species of this genus published the same year by Niedenzu (Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. 24: 249-252. 1928) and in the key of the earlier monograph by Small (No. Amer. Fl. 25: 166-171. 1910). Byrsonima wadsworthii is readily distinguished from the 5 species of this genus recorded from Puerto Rico by Britton and Wilson (Sci. Surv. P. R. 5: 446-448. 1924) by its elliptical coriaceous leaves densely and finely gray hairy beneath. The white petals turning pink separate it from all except B. lucida (Mill.) Rich., as the other 4 species have yellow flowers. This new species has been collected in four separated moun- tainous areas of Puerto Rico and may be sought in others. Byr- sonima wadsworthii is distributed chiefly in the dwarf forests on ridges along the mountain summits at elevations between 2,500 and 3,000 feet but sometimes occurs in mountain forests on slopes at slightly lower elevations. The main center of distri- bution is Luquillo Mountains, an isolated mountainous area in the northeastem part of the island and the home of many endemic species. There it has been collected at several places within the Luquillo Division of the Caribbean National Forest, includ- ing near La Mina Ranger Station (the type locality) in the cen- tral part of these mountains and in the northwestern part south of Rfo Grande and El Verde Ranger Statim. One specimen was from Toro Negro Division of the Caribbean National Forest in moun- tains of the central part of Puerto Rico about 75 kilometers west of Luquillo Mountains. In 1952 I collected it also within forests of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in two other parts of the island. One was at Bosque de Carite more than 30 kilometers southwest of Luquillo 420 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h, nOwst Mountains, south of Caguas and also in the eastern mountains. The other was at Bosque de Guilarte, about 75 kilometers farther west, near Adjuntas and in the western momtains of Puerto Rico. Cn short field trips I found trees at two different localities in each of these two Commonwealth forests. This new species is rare and scattered. Associated tree species in the dwarf forests of Luquillo Mountains include Clusia krugiana Urban, Micropholis garcinifolia Pierre, Tabebuia rigida Urban, and Hirtella rugosa Pers. Puerto Rico has been so thoroughly explored by botanists in the past that a new species of trees is unexpected. However, thie species remained undetected until recent years, after the mountainous areas have been made more accessible by automobile highways. The late flowering of this species in summer may account in part for its absence in collections made by botanists visiting the island in winter and spring. In March 1934, Claud L. Horn, of the United States Department of Agriculture, then with the Forest Service, collected speci- mens in the Luquillo Mountains of the Caribbean National Forest. A duplicate sent to the New York Botanical Garden was "“identi- field by P. Wilson as probably a new species." The National Herbarium of the United States National Musam contained one specimen d& this species, collected by F. H. Sar- gent in the same area on July 4, 1938. On July 7, 1939, Dr. Leslie R. Holdridge, while with the United States Forest Service, collected specimens also on the Luquillo Division and noted on the label that this species was not in Britton and Wilson's Botany of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Luis E. Gregory, then with the U. S. Forest Service also, on Sept. 14 of the same year found this species on the Toro Negro Division of the Caribbean National Forest, in the central part of the island. Mrs. Frances W. Horne, artist and botanist who has made numerous beautiful paintings of the plants of Puerto Rico, found this species on July 13, 1939, in Luquillo Mountains south of Rio Grande. She reported seeing it near Maricao on July 29 of the same year. (Previously she had discovered another new spe- cies, Byrsonima horneana Britton& Small, near Mayaguez.) After making a painting of this unidentified species, she sent a spe- cimen to Percy Wilson (1879-1944) at the New York Botanical Gar- den. He replied that it was a new species and that he was for- warding the specimen to Franz Niedenzu (1857-1937), of Germany, 1953 Little, A new Byrsonima 21 the recognized authority on the family Malpighiaceae. However, Niedenzu was no longer living, and Wilson, whose health was de- clining, retired in 1939 also and died in 1944. The large Ber- lin Herbarium was destroyed in the late war, and the new species remained undescribed. The specimens examined are cited below. Duplicates are be- ing deposited in herbaria of the U. S. National Museum (US), U. S. Forest Service at Washington, D. C. (FS), U. S. Forest Service at Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico (TR), and New York Botani- cal Garden (NY), and will be distributed to other herbaria. PUERTO RICO. Caribbean National Forest, Luquillo Division: C. L. Horn 42 (NY, TR), March 1934, Rfo Blanco—Rfo La Mina ridge; F. H. Sargent 546 (US), July 4, 1938, El Yunque; L. R. Holdridge 57 (NY, TR), July 7, 1939, Pizd; F. H. Wadsworth Aug. 28, 1944 (TR), Piz&; D. B. Fanshawe 814 (TR), El Verde; E. L. Little, Jr., and F. H. Wadsworth 13575 (US, FS, TR), Aug. 9, 1950, on trail about 1 km. east of La Mina Ranger Station, from type tree; E. L. Little, Jr., 14799 (US. FS, TR), June 13, 1952, same locality; E. L. Little, Jr., 14802 (US—HOLOTYPE, FS, TR, NY), June 13, 1952, same locality, from type tree; E. L. Little, Jr., and F. H. Wadsworth 14900 (US, FS, TR), Aug. 23, 1952, same locality, from type tree. Caribbean National Forest, Toro Negro Division: L. E. Gre- gory 42 (NY), Sept. 14, 1939, Matrullas Road. Bosque de Carite (near Cayey): BE. L. Little, Jr., 14872 (US, FS, TR), Aug. 19, 1952. Bosque de Guilarte (near Adjuntas): E. L. Little, Jr, 14853 fve.. 8s, TR), Aue. 5. 1952. Figure 1 is a drawing made from a fresh specimen by Fran- cisco Roena Santiago. Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., and Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. 422 P. HeYoPOok? Ove: IA Vol. h, no. 7 Byrsonima wadsworthii Little NEW GRASSES FROM GUATEMALA Jason R. Swallen TRISFTUM ALTUM Swallen, sp. nov. Culmi erecti, 135 cm. alti, glabri; veginae retrorse scabrae; ligula hyalina, 5-8 mm. longa; laminae usque ad 30 cn. longae, firmae, infra scabrae, supra sparse pilosae; panicula 22 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata, ramis fasciculatis adscendentibus, inferioribus usque ad 10 cm. longis; glumae subaequales, acutae vel acuminatae 7-8 mm. longae; lemma infimm 8 mm, longum, scabrum, minute dentatum, arista geniculata, contorta, 6 m, longa, supra basin 1/2 inserta. Perennial; culms erect, 135 cm. high, glabrous; sheaths much shorter than the internodes, rather prominently retrorsely scabrous; ligule hyaline, 5-8 mm, long; blades as much as 30 cm. long, 3-) mm, wide, firm, strongly nerved, very scabrous on the under surface, sparsely pilose with long hairs on the upper; inflorescence 22 cm. long, about cm. wide, the branches in somewhat distant fascicles, ascending, the lower ones as much as 10 cm. long with shorter ones intermixed; glumes narrow, acute or acuminate, scabrous on the keel, the first 7 mm. long, l-nerved, the second 8 mm. long, 3=nerved; lower lemma 8 m, long, scabrous, minutely toothed, awned from just above the middle of the back, the awn about 6 mm. long, twisted and contorted in the lower part. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1,935,005, col- lected in pine woods east of Finca Piamonte, El Progresso, Guatemala, Feb. 11, 1952, by Julian A. Steyermark (No. 43,836). TRISETUM ANGUSTUM Swallen, sp. nov. Culmi erecti vel adscendentes, 12-2); cm. alti; vaginae glabrae vel inferiores pubescentes; laminae 3-8 cm. longae, 1 m, latee, glabrae vel sparse pilosae, inferiores dense pilosae; paniculae 4-8 cm. longae, angustae, ramis distantibus appressis; spiculae 2-florae; glumae acutae vel acuminatae, l-nerves, prima 3.5-l: mm. longa, secunda latior h-5 mm, longa; lemma inferius 4.5 mm. longum, scaberulum, minute dentatun, mucronatum. Perennial; culms slender, densely tufted, erect or ascend- ing, 12-2) cm. high; sheaths glabrous or the lower ones pubes- cent; blades 3-8 cm. long, 1 m, wide, those of the innovations densely pilose, those of the culm glabrous or sparsely pilose; panicles )-8 cm. long, very narrow, the few rather distant branches closely appressed; spikelets 2-flowered; glumes acute or acuminate, l-nerved, the first narrow, 3.5-l; mm. long, the second broader, l-5 mm, long; lower lemma .5 mm. long, scaber- ulous, the tip minutely and irregularly toothed, the midnerve excurrent in a very short mucro,. Type in the herbarium of the Chicago Natural History 423 heh PH TO Lv 1G) Lak Vol. h, no. 7 Museum, No. 1,046,546, collected on top of dry ridge in pine forest, between San Sebastian and summit of Volcan Tajumulco, San Marcos, Guatemala, Feb. 13, 190, by Julian A. Steyermark (No. 35,525). TRISETUM PINETORUM Swallen, sp. nove Culmi graciles, erecti vel adscendentes, 35-70 cm. alti, glabri; vaginae glabrae, suprema elongata; ligula hyalina, 2-3 mm. longa; laminae lineares, elongatae, 1-2 mm. latae, scaberu- lae; paniculae 8-15 cm. longae, angustae, plus minusve densae, interruptae, ramis inferioribus ca. 3 cm. longis; spiculae 3- florae; glumae subaequales, acutae; lemma inferius 6 mm. longum summo scabrum, dentatum, arista geniculata contorta 10-12 mm. longa supra basin 1/2 inserta. Perennial; culms slender, tufted, erect or ascending, 35- 70 cm. high, glabrous; sheaths mostly shorter than the inter- nodes, the uppermost elongate, glabrous; ligule hyaline, 2=3 mm. long; blades linear, elongate, 1-2 mm. wide, scaberulous; panicles 8-15 cm. long, narrow, rather dense, somewhat inter- rupted, the lower branches about 3 cm. long, appressed; spikelets 2-flowered; glumes subequal, acute, the first l-nerved, the second 3=-nerved; lower lemma 6 mm. long, smooth below, scabrous ebove, the tip lacerate-toothed, the awn inserted about the middle of the back, 10-12 mm. long, geniculate, twisted below the bend. Type in the herbarium of the Chicago Natural History Museum, No. 1,048,257, collected on pine-abies-clad slope Volc4én Santo Tomas, Quezaltenango, Guatemala, Jan. 22, 19ho0, by Julian A. Steyermark (No. 3h,82h). This species resembles Trisetum evolutum, but differs in having glabrous culms and sheaths and the second glume 3-nerved. CALAMAGROSTIS VULCANICA Swallen, sp. nov. Culmi caespitosi, erecti, 0-80 cm. alti; vaginae glabrae; ligula brevissima; laminae convolutae, firmae, infra glabrae vel scaberulae supra dense pilosae; paniculae 8-1) cm. longae ramis gracilibus divergentibus, inferioribus usque ad 7 cm. longis in parte inferiore nudis; glumae aequales, 6-7 mm. longae, acuminatae; lemma 5 mm, longum, scabrum, nervis ex- currentibus, arista 10 mm. longa, geniculata, pilosa, supra basin 1/2 inserta; calli pili 2 mm. longi; rachilla 2 mm. longa dense villosa pilis 2 mm. longis. Perennial; culms densely tufted, erect, 0-80 cm. high; sheaths smooth or nearly so, usually longer than the internodes, the lower ones crowded; ligule very short, not visible from the side on the lower leaves; blades convolute, firm, up to 0 cm. long, more or less curved, smooth or scaberulous on the under surface, strongly nerved and rather densely pilose above, especially toward the base; panicles pyramidal, 8-1 cm. long, the slender, spreading to recurved branches in rather distant 1953 Swallen, New grasses from Guatemala 425 fascicles, the lower ones as much as 7 cm. long, naked below the middle; spikelets 6-7 mm. long, the glumes equal, acuminate, 3=5=nerved; lemma 5 mm. long, scabrous, the tip hyaline, the nerves excurrent, awned from about the middle of the back, the awn about 10 mm. long, geniculate, tightly twisted below the bend, appressed pilose; callus hairs dense, about 2 mn. long; rachilla 2 mm. long, densely hairy, the hairs about 2 mm. long. Specimens of this species were formerly referred to C,. junciformis, but are readily distinguished by the short ligule, pilose es, and pilose awn. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1,637,886, col- lected on Volcén Santa Maria, Quezaltenango, Guatemala, by Alexander F. Skutch (No. 836). DIGITARIA OBTUSA Swallen, sp. nov. Culmi erecti vel geniculati, ca. 50 cm, alti; vaginae internodia aequantes, glabrae vel inferiores marginibus sparse pilosae; laminae 9-13 cm. longae, 3-l: mm. latae, acuminatae, glabrae vel sparse pilosae; racemi 5, 8-10 cm. longi; spiculae densae, 2.2 mm. longae, sparse vel dense pilosae; gluma prima nulla; gluma secunda fructo 1/3-1/2 brevior, 3-nervis; lemma sterile fructum aequans, 5-nerve; fructus acutus, striatus, brunneus. Perennial; culms erect, geniculate at the lower nodes, about 50 cm, high; sheaths about as long as the internodes, glabrous, or the lower ones sparsely pilose on the margins; blades 9-13 cm. long, 3-l: mm. wide, flat, acuminate, glabrous, or sparsely pilose toward the base; racemes 5, 8-10 cm, long, stiffly ascending, spikelet-bearing to the base, pilose in the axils; spikelets mostly in 3's, crowded, 2.2 mm. long; first glume wanting; second glume and sterile lemma sparsely to rather densely pilose between the nerves with capitate hairs, the glume obtuse, 3-nerved, 1/2-2/3 as long as the fruit, the lemma 5-nerved, equalling the fruit; fruit acute, dark brown, striate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 795,987, col- lected at Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, August 1912, by H. von Turckheim (No. 3,793). This species has been referred to Digitaria villosa (Walt.) Muhl. which differs in having the racemes naked or nearly so at the base, less crowded spikelets, and longer, acute second glume, Several specimens from southern Mexico also may be referable to this species, ICHNANTHUS BREVIVACINATUS Swallen, sp. nov. Culmi decumbentes ramis adscendentibus 20-30 cm, longis; vaginee internodiis multo breviores, dense pilosae; laminae lanceolatae, acuminatae, usque ad 9 cm. longae, 15 mm, latae, infra scabrae, supra glabrae; paniculae terminales et axillares, h-7 cm. longae, ramis appressis vel adscendentibus; spiculae 4 mm, longae; gluma prima acuta, spicula 1/2 brevior, vel 426 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. lL, no. 7 acuminata spiculam aequans; gluma secunda acuminata, lemmati sterili paulo longior; fructus 2.5 m. longus, acutus, basi appendicibus nullis. Annual; culms widely decumbent-spreading, the ascending flowering branches 20-30 cm. long; sheaths mostly 15-20 mm. long, much shorter than the internodes, usually rather densely pilose; blades lanceolate, as much as 9 cm, long, 15 mm. wide, acuminate, scabrous below, smooth above, the cells readily visible with a lens on the under surface; panicles terminal and sometimes axillary from the upper sheath, 4-7 cm. long, the branches appressed or ascending, the branchlets and spikelets appressed; spikelets 4 mm. long; first glume acute, about half as long as the spikelet to acuminate or attenuate and nearly as long as the spikelet, scabrous on the keel; second glume acumi- nate, usually longer than the acute sterile lemma; fruit 2.5 mn. long, acute, the wings reduced to scars, Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1,867,601, col- lected on high ridge, Swasey Branch, Monkey River, Toledo District, British Honduras, March li, 1942, by Percy H. Gentle (No. 5 971) e The only other species of Ichnanthus having the cells plainly visible on the under surface of the blades is I. axillaris which has shorter and broader ovate blades. _ ICHNANTHUS GRACILIS Swallen, sp. nov. Culmi graciles, decumbentes, elongati, ramis adscendenti- bus ca. 15 cm. longis; vaginae glabrae vel sparse pilosae, marginibus ciliatae; laminae 3-5.5 cm. longae, -7 m, latae, lanceolatae, supra sparse papilloso-hispidae; paniculae ca. 3 em. longae, angustae, pauciflorae; spiculae 3 m. longae; gluma prima abrupte acuminata glumam secundam aequans vel paulo brevior; gluma secunda et lemma sterile subaequalia, gluma acuta, lemma subobtusum; fructus 2 mm, longus, lucidus, basi appendicibus nullis. Annual?; culms slender, creeping, branching, elongate, glabrous, the flowering branches ascending, mostly about 15 ome long; sheaths glabrous or sparsely pilose, the margins ciliate; blades 3-5.5 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, lanceolate, acute, sca- brous on the margins, sometimes sparsely papillose-hispid on the upper surface toward the base; panicles about 3 cm. long, narrow, few-flowered, short-exserted or partly enclosed in the sheath; spikelets 3 mn. long; first glume abruptly acuminate, equaling the second glume or a little shorter, scabrous on mid- nerve; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, the glume acute, the lemma sub-obtuse; fruit 2 m, long, smooth and shining, the wings reduced to scars. in the herbarium of the Chicago Natural History Museum, No. 1,045,455, collected on top of ridge of Loma de la Poloma, above Finca El Porvenir, San Marcos, Guatemala, March 8, 1940, by Julian A. Steyermark (No. 37,293). 1953 Swallen, New grasses from Guatemala 427 LASIACIS LINEARIS Swallen, sp. nov. Culmi vagantes, ramis adscendentibus ca. 75 cm. longis; vaginae dense villosae internodiis longiores; ligula 2=-) mm. longa; laminae lineares, acuminatae, 16-22 cm. longae, 5-9 mn. latae, scabrae vel sparse pilosae; panicula 30 cm. longa, ramis gracilibus, solitariis, scabris, anguste adscendentibus, pauci- floris; spiculae 4 mm. longae, pedicellis longis, erectis. Culms relatively slender, straggling, the flowering branches about 75 cm. long; sheaths densely villous, as long as or longer than the internodes; ligule 2-) mm. long, brown; blades linear, acuminate, narrowed toward the base, 16-22 cm. long, 5-9 mm, wide, scabrous, sometimes sparsely pilose; panicle about 30 cm. long, the slender scabrous branches rather narrowly ascending, solitary, distant, bearing a few long-pedicellate spikelets; spikelets mm. long, usually erect. in the herbarium of the Chicago Natural History Museum, No. 1,0)4,422, collected in pine-covered canyon border- ing Rio Lima, Sierra de las Minas, below Finca Alejandria, Zacapa, Guatemala, Oct. lh, 1939, by Julian A. Steyermark (No. 30,046). ADDITIONAL NOTES ON TH# GENUS AEGIPHILA. XIII Harold N. Moldenke AEGIPHILA Jacq. To the List of Excluded Species should be added Aegiphila triflora Moldenke, Suppl. List Invalid Names 1, in syn. = Clerodendrum tessmanni Moldenke. An additional synonym of Aegiphila virgata Turez. is Cornutia brasiliensis Miers ex Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 36 (2): 220, in syn. 1063; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 23, in syn. 1940. Since Aegiphila virgata Turcz. is based on a Miers specimen from Rio de Janeiro and Cornutia brasiliensis Miers is synonymous with it, and since Cornutia brasiliensis Mart. is a synonym of Arrabidaea corchorioides (Cham.) P. DC. [see Fedde, Repert. 40: 196. 1936] in the Bignoniaceae, it seems very prob- able that Aegiphila virgata, long a perplexing name [see Britton- ia 1: 69--L70. 1934] is also synonymous with Arrabidaea corchor- ioides. The original description of Aegiphila virgata agrees very well with the characters of Arrabidaea corchorioides. Line 97a on page 271 of my key to the species and varieties of Aegiphila in Brittonia 1 (193) should read: 97a. Branchlets tomentulose-puberulent, puberulent, furfuraceous, or pulverulent. Line 11) on page 273 should lead to: 79. A. laxicupulis. So many persons have asked me to explain the sense in which I use various descriptive terms for leaves and fiowers in my publi- 428 BBY TsO OrGeink, Vol. 4, nowy cations on the Verbenaceae and other groups, that my good friend, Mr. Fred Oswald, has, at my request, kindly prepared two plates of figures to illustrate my conception of the meaning of some of these terms. Explanation of Plate I 1. Infundibular corolla 2. Hypocrateriform corolla 3. Corolla with reflexed limb . Narrow-tubular calyx 5. Obconic calyx 6. Campanulate calyx, constricted above the ovary 7. Campanulate calyx, narrowed toward the base 8. Cyathiform calyx 9. Broad-tubular calyx 10. Cupuliform calyx 11. Truncate entire calyx-rin 12. Subtruncate apiculate calyx-rim 13. Subtruncate mucronate calyx-rim 1). Subtruncate aristate calyx-rim 15. Repand-sinuate calyx-rim 16. Dentate calyx-rim 17. Lobed calyx-rim 18. Parted calyx-rim 19. Cucullate calyx 20. Female-predominant flower 21. Male-predominant flower Explanation of Plate II 1. Rounded leaf-apex 2. Acute leaf-apex 3. Acuminate leaf-apex h. Caudate leaf-apex 5. Apiculate leai-apex 6. Cordate or emarginate leaf-apex 7. Cordate leaf-base 8, Rounded leaf-base 9. Acute leaf-base 10. Acuminate leaf-base 11. Cuneate leaf-base AEGIPHILA ACULEIFERA Moldenke This species may be inserted in my key to the species and varieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (193) by the following corrections and interpolations after line 8a on page 266: 48". Branchlets and peduncles armed with prickles............-0. 9a. A. aculeifera. 48'a. Branchlets and peduncles unarmed, Wh: 49. Branchlets glabrate, yellowish, shiny........53. A. laeta. AEGIPHILA BREVIFLORA (Rusby) Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 95 (193), 1: 190--192 Plate I 430 PHY Ty.0) Ly OpG Gra Plate II Vol. , nosem 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 31 (1937), and : 349. 1953. Pseudaegiphila breviflora Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 341. 1927; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 95, in syn. (1934) and 1: 190, in syn. 1937. This species may be inserted in my key to the species and varieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (1934) by placing the following corrections and interpolations after line 60a on page 267: 62. Blades dentate or sinuate along the margins. 62'. Blades callous-dentate along the marginS...eseceresseeees 39a. A. breviflora. 62'a. Blades not callous-dentate. jes 63. Blades conspicuously and sharply serrate throughout. 6. Branchlets and blades granulose or furfuraceous- pubescent; Costa Rican...sceessee526 As Odontophylla. 6a. Branchlets and blades variously pubescent, but not granulose or furfuraceous; South American....+++++e+e 2. A. integrifolia. 63a. Blades obtusely crenate or sinuate......35. A» crenata. AEGIPHILA CANDELABRUM Briq. This species should be inserted in my key to the species and varieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (1934) by the following corrections and interpolations after line 135a on page 276: 137. Inflorescence more or less conglobate-capitate. 137'. Lower leaf-surface densely subvelutinous—pubescent; calyx densely spreading-pubescent.....99. A. candelabrun. 137'a. Lower leaf-surface more or less densely or very sparse- ly short-pilose or even subglabrate; calyx sparsely ap- pressed-pubescent or pilose. AEGIPHILA CONTURBATA Moldenke Literature: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. 37: 210. 193; Molden- — 1: 19y--195 (1937), 2: 61 (1941), and 2: 43h. 1948. This species may be inserted in my key to the species and varieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (193) by the insertion of the following corrections and interpolations after line 66 on page 268: 67. Brazilian species. 68. Petioles 7 mm. long or less; leaf-blades with short, straight, strigose pubescence beneath; calyx densely pub- BARE. . ciew Sk icvacased se Seusdessipg.a swisha Jeu means 68a. Petioles 15—-25 mm. long; leaf-blades densely incanous- tomentose beneath; calyx densely villous........+-++++++- hb. A. conturbata. 67a. Guianan species. — 68'. Branchlets densely villous-lanate with long hairs; peti- oles densely villous; leaf-blades densely villous-lanate or -tomentose beneath even in age; calyx 6--7.5 mm. long, densely tomentose or villous........ e-eee elt. A. Villosa. 432 Px, T 0-L01G Ts Vol. h, no. 7 68'a. Branchlets densely villous with very short hairs; peti- oles canescent-pubescent; mature leaf=blades lanate- tomentose or merely canescent and densely punctate be- neath; calyx ca. 3 mm. long, densely strigose......... Ae 43. A. guianensis. AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA var. PYRAMIDATA L. C. Rich. & Moldenke This variety may be inserted in my key to the species and varieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (193) by the insertion of the following corrections and interpolations after line 90a on page 270: 91. Branchlets short-pilose or strigillose. 92. Blades densely impressed-punctate beneath, not glandulif- erous; pubescence on branchlets, petioles, and lower leaf-surfaces spreading, not at all appressed; leaves us- ually undate in drying, thin-membranous.............-++. ‘s 65. A. membranacea. 92a. Blades marked with numerous black glandular disks along the midrib beneath, not impressed=punctate; pubescence on branchlets, petioles, and lower leaf-surfaces appressed- strigillose; leaves not undate, thin-chartaceous......... 62b. A. glandulifera var. pyramidata. AEGIPHILA GRAVEOLENS Mart. & Schau. Literature: Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 651. 187; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 28) & 285. 1851; Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 6. 1895; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 304--305. 193; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 1: 205--206 (1937), 1: 292 (1938), 1: 389 (1940), 2: 395 (1947), and h: 35). 1953; Kuhlmann & Kuhn, Flor. Distr. Ibiti 116 & 180. 19,7. A®GIPHILA HOZHNEI Moldenke Literature: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 22h--226 (1937), 1: 292 (1938), and 1: 390. 1940; F. C. Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. e Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon 345--36. 1951. The species may be inserted in my key to the species and var- ieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (193k) by the insertion of the following corrections and interpolations after line 132a on page 275: 130a. Blades not as described above. 132!. Blades setose above with stiff bulbous-based hairs 1-2.5 Rt MONE. Pee sche cas ee ee -l15a. A. hoehnei. 132'a. Blades not setose above, merely scabrous or ‘Short strigose-hirtous. AEGIPHILA LANCEOLATA Moldenke The F. C. Hoehne 5702 cited by me in Brittonia 1: 473 (193k) as A. vitelliniflora Klotzsch and in Phytologia 1: 296 (1938) as A. lanceolata, is now the type collection of A. mattogrossensis. AEGIPHILA MATTOGROSSENSIS Moldenke 1953 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 433 The type collection of this species was originally cited by me in Brittonia 1: 73 (193k) as A. vitelliniflora Klotzsch and in Phytologia 1: 296 (1938) as A. lanceolata Moldenke. AEGIPHILA MOLLIS H.B.K. The d'Orbigny 1086 cited by me in Phytologia 1: 239 (1937) as this species is actually A. steinbachii Moldenke. AEGIPHILA MONTICOLA Moldenke This species may be inserted in my key to the species and varieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (193k) by the insertion of the following corrections and interpolations after line 62a on page 267: 65. Leaf-blades acute at base, not noticeably attenuate into the slender petiole. 65'. Petioles to ) mm. long; calyx aie mm. long and ca. 3 mn, Wides Brazilian. ..2.0csecsmass clececece 33. A. lhotzkiana. 65'a. Petioles 12--15 mm. long; ote ca. 5.7 mm. long and 4.1 mn. Wide; Ecuadorian.............-.....3ca A. monticola. 65a. Leaf-blades acuminate or cuneate at base, attenuate into _ the often stout petiole. AEGIPHILA NERVOSA Urb. Literature: Urb., Symb. Ant. 3: 366--367. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 4. 1908; Urb., Symb. Ant. 8: 600. 1921; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 467--68. 193); Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 251 (1937) and 2: 446. 1948. A. subopposita Urb. & Ekm., Archiv Bot. 22a (17): 109. 1929; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 67, in syn. 193k. Dr. A. C. Smith, on February 26, 1932, kindly examined for me in the Urban Herbarium at Berlin the Swartz s.n. from Jamaica and the Ekman 1,72 and 518, Picarda 171 and 118, Buch 1239 and 1949, and Christ st 19h6, “1992, and 2 and 2229 from Haiti. He reported as follows: "The Haiti s specimens are . certainly conspecific. Con- a. their identity with the fragment from Jamaica I am less certain. The young leaf of the fragment is similar to those of [the] Haiti specimens. The remaining calyx of the fragment is a trifle less pilose than [that of the] others; however, I con- clude that all the above specimens are one species." EGIPHILA RACEMOSA Vell. This species should also be included in my key to the species and varieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (193) by the insertion of the following corrections and interpolations after line 13a on page 276: 141. Venation very prominent beneath. 1y1'. Petioles 3--5 mm, long; leaf-blades mostly broadest slightly above the middle; Jamaican and Haitian.......... 125. A. nervosa. lyl'a. Petioles 6 mm. long or longer; leaf-blades mostly broadest below the middle; from Colombia to Brazil....... 115. A. racemosa, 34 POY DO OUG sik Vol. 4, no. 7 lla. Venation not especially prominent beneath. AEGIPHILA SALTICOLA Moldenke This species may be inserted in my key to the species and. varieties of Aegiphila as published in Brittonia 1 (193) by the insertion of the following corrections and interpolations after line 67a on page 268: 66a. Branchlets incanous, sericeous, or appressed-pubescent. 69. Leaf-blades very large, to 35 cm. long and 15 cm. wide; peduncles 2--5 cm. long; calyx 5--8 mm. long......

ublication TEs Pay aL CE TE TF Ae SEARO ae Beeps Att OA ST RRMA 9 512 - Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 15 Glenbrook Avenue Yonkers 5, New York i ¥ Price of this number, 75 cents; per volume, $5 in advance Vol. 4, No. 7, was issued December 23, 1953 ZOT A, wd ge: fa say pias CBA ni TEN Cy fis aol NOVELTIES IN THE BOMBACACEAE José Cuatrecasas” These descriptions and nomenclatural transfers of several species of South American Bombacaceae, are extracted from my paper "Disertaciones sobre Bombac-= &ceas" to appear in the forthcoming number 35 of the Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Ffisicas y Naturales, Bogot&, where further comments will be found. SPIROTHECA RHODOSTYLA Cuatr., sp.nov. Arbor grandis circa 25 met.alta, trunco 0 cm.diam. cortice crasso griseo lacerato-squamoso spinis coni- cis robustis munito, ligno fibroso molle lutescenti, Ramuli terminales teretes rugulosi grisei glaberrimi sparse tuberculato-spinosi. Folia alterna digitata 5-7-foliolata. Petiolus 5- 10 cm.longus rigidus patulus glaber basi incrassatus apice capitato-dilatatus. Foliola subcoriacea atro- viridia elliptico-oblanceolata basi cuneato-angustata breviter petiolulata apice acuminata vel breviter acuta vel subrotundata abrupteque apiculata, margine integerrima, minora circa 3 cm.longa 1./| cm.lata, maxima 9 cm.longa 2.8 cm.lata, supra glaberrima costa angusta prominenti nervis secundariis paulo prominu- lis parum visibilibus superficie argute scrobiculata, subtus minutissime papillosula et minutis squamis rubescentibus sparsis munita costa elevata nervis se- cundariis prominulis numerosis 3-), mm.inter eos dis- tantibus parallelis patulis ad marginem arcuato con- natis, venulis prominulis laxe reticulatis. Flores pauci ad terminationem ramusculorum aggre- gati, pedunculo crasso 10-12 mm.longo parce squamulo-= so puberulo. Calyx cupularis coriaceus basi rotunda- tus margine breviter 5-lobatus extus viridis in sicco brunneis sparsissime puberulus intus tomentoso-seri- ceus 15-20 mm.altus et latus lobulis 3- mm.longis subrotundatis mucronulatis. Petala 5 rubella vel ochraceo-rubella oblonga apice subrotundata basi pau- lo angustata crassa rosea vel ochraceo-rosea intus minute stellato-tomentella subvelutina extus dense tomentoso-velutina, 7-8 cm.longa 1.6-2 cm.lata. Sta- mina in columnam cylindricam coriaceam articulatam 20-22 mn.longam connata; inferiore parte cylindrica crassa dense velutina margo liberi laevi circa 15 m. longa; superiore parte angustiori glaberrima 6-7 mn, longa. Filamenta 5 parte liberi cm.longa crassa 465 66 Paes Ob OG ak Vol. ht, noua flavescentia glaberrima biantherifera. Antherae binae.superpositae lineares connectivo crasso pauio flexuosae in alabastro collective spiraliter contor= ae, thecis parallelis locis linearibus marginalibus, superiores 10-12 mm.longae apice bilobatae inferiores 16-18 mm.longae profunde bifidae. Ovarium tomento- sissimum, Stylus ruber crassus rigidus filamenta pau- lo brevior glaber basim versus hirsutulus. Typus: Colombia, Dep. Valle; bosque la Guarida, filo de la Cordillera Occidental junto a la Carbonera, entre Las Brisas y Alb&n (lfnea Cartago-Névita), 2000 m.alt., colect. 2u-X-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 22502. Hol- otypus,F. Other specimen Id. id.; El Cairo, entre Darién y Mediacanoa (alto Calima), 1650-1750 m.alt., colect. 6-I-1943 J. Cuatrecasas 13870. SPIROTHECA PASSIFLOROIDES Cuatr., sp.nov. Ramuli grisei glabri aculeati. Folia alterna digitata 6-7-foliolata petiolo tene- ri glabro striolulato basi paulo dilatato apice cap- itato-incrassato )\-8 cm.longo. Foliola subcoriacea viridia anguste obovato-oblonga basim versus breviter in petiololum angustata cuneata apice obtusa vel ro- tundata emarginata, margine laevis, )-8 cm.longa 12- 25 mm.lata; supra glabra costa filiformi prominenti nervis lateralibus paulo notatis, nervulis venulisque minute prominuleque reticulatis; subtus costa cras- siuscula elevata, nervis secundariis prominulis ad marginem arcuato-anastomosatis nervulis pallidioribus vix prominulis minute reticulatis superficie minute papillosula. Flores pauci vel solitarii ad ramusculorum termin- ationes, pedunculo 12-18 mm.longo glabro. Calyx cup- ularis basi turbinatus margine truncatus, crassius- cule coriaceus circa 8-10 mm.altus 12 mm.latus, extus glaber intus tomentoso-sericeus. Petala membranacea verisimiliter rubra postanthesim reflexa, oblonga a-= pice acutiuscula vel obtusa utrinque longitudinaliter dimidia parte glabra cetera puberula intus basim ver- sus tomentosa 5.5 cm.longa 1-1.5 cm.lata. Stamina in tubum elongatum articulatum circa 3 cm.longum con- nata; parte inferiore cylindrica crassiore tomentosa -5 mm.longa; parte superiore basi conoidea tomentosa sursum angustiore tubulosa apice glabra, Filamenta parte liberi 5 crassa glabra postanthesi valde patula 10-1) mm.longa biantherifera. Antherae binae super- positae connectivo valde crasso lineales vix flexu- osae, superiores 7-9 mm.longae subintegrae, inferi- ores 10-15 mm.longae longe bifidae. Ovarium tomento- ous Stylus erectus crassus laevis apicem versus gla- ere ~~ ee 195 Cuatrecasas, Novelties in Bombacaceae 67 Typus: Brasil, Parand4s; regio litoralis Serra da Prata 22-7-191) collect. P.Dusen 15316. Holotypus,F. Parand: Porto de Cima, in silva primaeva. Collect. h-VI-1910 P.Dusen 9883. Paratypus, F. SPIROTHECA RIMBACHII Cuatr., sp.nov. Ceiba Rimbachii Standley in schedula,. Arbor ramulis terminalibus badiis subglabris veri- similiter spinulosis. Folia alterna digitata 7-9-foliolata, petiolo 6-12 ecmelongo glabro striolato basi bulboso dilatato apice capitato-incrassato. Foliola coriacea rigida oblan- ceolata basi in brevem petiolum cuneato-attenuata apice subite angustata acutissime cuspidata, margine integra, 5-9 cm.longa, 1.5-2.5 cm.lata; supre nervo medio angusto prominuli secundariis parvum notatis superficie scrobiculata; subtus in sicco ochracea as- pectu velutina costa eminenti nervis secundariis pau- lo prominulis copiosis 3-3.5 mm.inter eos distantibus cum tertiis brevioribus alternantibus venulis laxe reticulatis vix visibilibus superficie dense velutino- papillosa pilis squamosis rubris copiosis munita, Pedunculus floralis 2 cm.longus valde robustus ci- catricoso-rugosus. Calyx cupularis basi rotundatus margine breviter 5 lobatus, crasse coriaceus extus glaber intus tomentoso-sericeus, 2 cm.ealtus, lobis subrotundatis mucronulatis circa 4 mm.profundis. Pe- tala oblonga apice obtusa crassa albida 10 cm.longa 2-2.5 cm.lata supra stellato-tomentulosa subtus to- mentoso-velutina. Stamina in columnam cylindricam erassam articulatam }-4.5 cm.longam connata; parte inferiore valde crassiore velutino-tomentosa margine liberi laevi 3 cm.longa; parte superiore subite an- gustata glabra 12-15 mm.longa,. Filamenta parte li- beri 5 crassiuscula 4-4.5 cm.longa glabre biantheri- fera. Antherae binae superpositae lineares crassius- culae paulo flexuosae, bithecae superiores 11-12 mm, longae subintegrae inferiores 18-20 mm.longae dimidia parte bifidae. Stylus glaber filamentis brevior. Ovarium tomentosum. Typus: Ecuador: Valle del rfo Pastaza, cerca de Bafios 1936. "Planted as living fence. Said to grow wild in neighboring montana, Tree, Flw. large white. Fruit said to be capsule with cotton." Collect. an. 1936 by Rimbach 737. Holotypus, F. SPIROTHECA MICHAELI Cuatr., sp.nov. Arbor ramis terminalibus glabris fuscis, cicatrici- bus griseis copiosis munitis. Folia alterna digitata 5-7-foliolata. Petiolus glaber vulgo 1-22 cm.longus basi incrassatus apice 68 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, now 3 subcapitatus, paulo striatus. Foliola coriacea rigi- da petiolulo 3-10 mm.longo; lamina oblongo-subellipti- ca basi attenuata cuneata apice abrupte angustato-acu- minata in juvenili folio acutissima, margine integer- rima 7-16 cm.longa, 3.6-5.6 cm.lata (folia terminalia breviora); supra glabra nervo medio elevato, secunda- riis filiformibus, nervulis prominulis minutum elegan- tem reticulum formantibus, subtus in sicco ochracea aspectu subvelutina superficie minutissime papillosula et sparsis pilis squamulosis rubescentibus munita, costa prominenti nervis secundariis pallidioribus pro- minulis patulis 6-5 mm.inter eos distantibus marginem versus arcuato-anastomosatis, nervis tertiis breviori- bus et clathratis reliquis venulis laxe reticulatis. Flores solitarii vel parci ad terminationem ramul- orum, pedunculo valde crasso apicem versus dilatato glabro parce cicatricoso, 15-18 mm.longo. Calyx cor- iaceus cupuliformis subrotundatus basi supra petiolum decurrens circa 18 mm.altus, lobulis 5 latissime ro- tundatus subite mucronulatus sinibus 6 mm.profundis extus glaber et sparse papilloso-granulosus, intus dense sericeus. Petala 5 rubescentia crassiuscula lineari-oblonga 12 cm.longa 18 mm.lata apice obtusa utrinque sed subtus densiore stellato-tomentulosae Tubus staminorum integer cylindricus coriaceus laevis 3.5 cm.longus circa 0.7 cm.ediam. molliter stellato- tomentellus apice glabro abrupte contracto. Filamen- ta staminalia parte libera circa cm.longa glabra subtenera brachiata apice biantherifera. Antherae lineares angustae per pares superpositae subflexucsae superiores 12-1, mm.longae extremo (in )-5 mm.exten- sione) liberae, inferiores 18-20 mm.longae extremo longiter (in 12 mm.extensione) liberae, thecis para-= llelis duobus loculis polliniferis linearibus margin= alibus instructis, Ovarium tomentosissimum ferrug- inosum oblongum. Stylus rigidus glaber crassiusculis stamina subaequilongus. Typus: Colombia, Comisarfa del Putumayo; Valle de Sibundoy, 2200-2300 met.alt. in Jan. 192 colect. Fray Miguel de Ipiales 25=-B. Holotypus, F. BOMBAX VARGASII Cuatr., sp.nov. Arbuscula ramulis terminalibus badiis glabris in sicco leve rugulosis nodis paulo incrassatis. Folia decidua ad terminationem ramulorum pauca, al- terna 5=palmato-composita. Petiolus 5-6.5 cm.longus gracilis rigidis glaber basi incrassatus apice in dis- cum pentagonum breviter ampliatus. Foliola sessilia cum pedunculo articulata, subherbacea laeteviridia lanceolata basi attenuata subobtusa vel acuta apice longe acutissimeque acuminata, margine serrulata 6-11 195 Cuatrecasas, Novelties in Bombacaceae 69 em.elonga, 1.8-2.8 cm.lata, medium quam inferioribus paulo majus, utrinque minutis squamulis granulosis sparsis munita; supra subnitica nervo medio impresso bene conspicuo lateralibus reticuloque paulo notatis; subtus costa eminenti nervis secundariis filiforme prominentibus patulis parallelis 1.5-2 mm.inter eos distantibus venulis prominulis reticulatis. Inflorescentiae in cymulis brevibus (ad 10 flori- bus) terminalibus ramorum exfoliatorum. Pedicelli 3- S mmelongi crassiusculi glabri saepe 3 bracteolis triangularibus squamosis minutis praediti. Calyx brevis cupularis crassiusculus 3 mm.longus extus gla- ber viridis intus basi longe barbatus margine obso- lete 5-denticulatus. Petala 5 libera sed basi sta- minorum tubi adnata,praefloratione contorta lineari- oblonga obtusiuscula circa 27 mm.longa 3.5- mm.lata crassiuscula albida pubescentia extus densius, anthe- si quarta parte inferiori tubuloso=conniventia cetera parte reflexa. Tubus stamineus 6-7 mm.longus glaber apice paulo incrassatus; filamentis circa 90 teneri- bus petalis brevioribus; antheris reniformi-capitatis,. Ovarium ovoideum sericeum 5 loculis polyspermis. Sty- lus filiformis circa 16 mm.longus glaber. Stigma laeve. Typus: Peru; Dep.Cuzco, Prov.Anta: Sisal, 2100 m. alt. valle xerofito. Arbusto 6 met., colect. junio 1938 César Vargas 1087. Holotypus,F. BOMBAX WEBERBAUERI Cuatr., sp.nov. Arbuscula. Ramuli robusti cicatricibus incrassatis fusci glabri. Folia decidua ad terminationem ramulorum alterna 5 palmato-composita. Petiolus in specimine unico 5.2 cm.longus basi incrassatus apice in discum pentagonum paulo ampliatus glabratus. Foliola obovato-oblonga basim angustata cuneata apice obtusa breviterque mu- cronata margine superiore parte serrulata basim versus integra }-6.5 cm.longa 2.2-2.6 cm.lata; supra copiosis pilis brevibus simplicibus vel fasciculatis patulis munita costa filiformis impressa reliquis nerviis ob- soletis; subtus pilis stellatis gracilibus adpressis copiosissimis praedita costa elevata nervis secun- dariis parallelis ascendentibus 2.5-3 mm.inter eos distantibus nervulis reticulatis obsoletis,. Flores in paniculis terminalibus axi robusto exfol- fato 2-7 cm.longo stellato-pubescenti ramulis 1-5 ro- bustiusculis patulis ad ) cm.longis stellato-pubescen- tibus ad terminationem paucis floribus breviter pedi- cellatis dispositis. Bracteolis ovalibus minutis sca- riosis. Pedicelli 0.1-) mm.longi pubescenti. Calyx cupularis 3 mm.altus truncatus (obsolete denticulatus) 470 P.HeRoP OFLnO Gi Tyk Vol. h, no. 8 extus tomentosus intus sericeus. Petala 5 libera sed basi staminorum tubo breviter adnata aestivatione contorta lineari-oblonga obtusiuscula 20-22 mm.longa 3.5- mm.lata crassiuscula extus dense villoso-hirsu- ta siccitate luteolo-albida intus pubescentia sicci- tate sordide salmonea. Tubus stemineus 6 mm.longus glaber supra basim ventricosus apice cupuliforme dil- atatus; filamentis 0-60 gracilibus glabris petalis paulo brevioribus; antheris reniformi-capitatis. Ova- rium ovoideo-oblongum apicem versus hirsutum. Stylus filiformis apice plus minusve 3-5 fissis. Typus: Peru, Dep.Apurimac, 2500-2600 m.alt. (with- out definite locality in Chicago Nat.Hist.Mus,), col- lected between 1909 and 191) by A. Weberbauer 589 (distributed as Bombax Ruizii K.Schum.). JHolotypus,F. BOMBAX ROSEORUM Cuatr., sp.nov. Arbor mediocris, ramulis terminalibus crassis cica- tricosis glabris. Folia decidua alterna longe petiolata 5-palmato- composita. Petiolus 28 cm.longus rigidus glaber vel sparse papillosulus, basi paulo incrassatus, apice pentagonalis. Foliola subcoriacea obovata basim at- tenuata cuneata apice subite acutata margine integer- rima 14 cm.longa 6.5 cm.lata (specimine unico), supra glaberrima nervo medio secundariis filiformibus nota-=- tis; subtus costa angusta eminenti, nervis secund- ariis prominentibus 14-15 utroque latere curvato as- cendentibus marginem versus evanescenti-reticulatis, nervulis obsoletis vel prominulis reticulatis, super= ficie papillis squamulosis copiosis sparse praedita. Inflorescentiae paniculatae subterminales ad 12 cm. longae graciles flexuosae axi mediocri ramulisque pi- lis minutis squamulosis sparsis munitis, floribus longe pedicellatis. Pedicelli subteneres 3-5 cm.longi erecti vel flexuosi sparse puberuli apicem versus 2-3 minutas bracteas circa 1 mm.longas ferentes. Calyx cupularis 3.5 mm.altus margine obsolete 5 dentatus, extus puberulus pilis minutis squamulosis munitus, in- tus sericeus ad basim anullo densiore barbato praedi- tus. Petala 5 libera sed basi tubo staminorum brevi- ter adnata in sicco sordide pallida lineari-oblonga circa 26 mm.longa h.5 mm.lata, extus dense pubescentia intus pubescentia. Tubus stamineus 10 mm.altus 3 mm. diamitens inflatus membranaceus glaber apice sub 5- lobatus subclausus ore angusto paulo invaginato. Fil- amenta 22-26 inaequalia subcrassiuscula glabra petalis breviora. Antherae ellipticae 1 mm.longae dorso supra basim insertae, Ovarium ovatum crassum tomentosum,. Stylus gracilis filiformis. Stigma minute papillosu- lum simplex. Capsula 5 valvis coriaceis 12 mm.longis 3 mm.latis 195 Cuatrecasas, Novelties in Bombacaceae h71 in sicco involutis lanam copiosam includens. Semina subovoidea circa 10-11 mm.longa. Columella centralis cSpiose lanata. Lana pallide cinnamomea. Pedunculus fructifer robustus rigidus circa 5 cm.longus. Typus: Ecuador, Vicinity of Portovelo, Oct.1918 collect.J.N.eRose & George Rose 23371, "Polo-polo". Flowers. Holotypus,US;isotypus,F. Vicinity of Aya- pamba,0ct.1918 collected J.N.Rose & George Rose 2355 (one leaf and fruit); Paratypus, US. Provincia del Oro, between Portovelo (Gold Mine near Zaruma) and El Tambo, 600-1000 m.alt.,Sept.1923 collected A.S.Hitch- cock 21292, PSEUDOBOMBAX SQUAMIGERUM Cuatr., sp.nov. Arbor magna, ho met.alt., trunco basi robustis ela- tisque radicibus tabularibus munito, ad altitudinem 2 metrorum 0.60 met.diaminenti, cortice griseo-brunneo, crassissimo (3 cm.) lacerato-rugoso, ligno submolli albo vel roseo. Folia alterna composita 5-7-digitata. Petiolus ro- bustus rigidus leviter striatus paulo granulosus vel sublaevis glaber fuscus 5-12 cm.longus, basi apiceque incrassatus. Foliola petiolulata rigida coriacea; petiolulo 6-8 mm.longo basim versus incrassato fusco glabro; lamina subelliptica utrinque attenuata basi obtuse cuneata apice breviter apiculata vel subrotun- data margine integra, minimis 8 cm.longa h cem.lata, maximis 16 cm.longa 8.5 cm.lata, supra atroviridis in sicco fusco-brunnescenti glabra costa impressa nervis- que secundariis notatis venulis minute reticulatis, subtus viridi-ferruginea in sicco brunnescenti minutis squamis rubescentibus copiosis tecta, costa valde emi- nenti nervis secundariis prominentibus circa 17 utro- que latere parallelis ad marginem tenuioribus anasto- mosantibus nervulis transversis prominulis laxe retic- ulatis. Fructus longe pedunculatus, pedunculo lignoso ro- busto angulato circa 7 mm.longo subapicem valde in- crassato. Capsula maturitate globosa apiculata circa 6.5-7 cm.alta et 5.5 cm.lata in 5 valvas ligneas val- de crassas elongato-acuminatissimas, 7.5-9 cm.longas (4.5-6.5 cm.longas, in statu curvato) circa 3 cm. la- tas, 7-8 mm.crassas dehiscens, extus tomentosa intus copiosissime densissimeque lanata, endocarpio subcor- iaceo 5 parietes placentarias angustas formantibus quam vidi 5 seminibus. Semen globoso-reniforme vel polygonale 15 x 12 x 9 mm., testa coriacea brunnea cotyledonibus crassis contortuplicatis. Typus: Colombia, Dep.Valle, rfo Calima (regidén del Chocé) margen derecha: Aguaclara, 0 met.alt., colect. 21-V-194.6 J.Cuatrecasas 21157. Holotypus,F. 472 Pelyied OL O7G i "A Vol. h, no. 8 HAMPEA PUNCTULATA Cuatr., sp.nov. Arbor circa 6-metralis ramulis terminalibus pallide viridi-ochraceis adpresse tomentosis pilis fascicula- tis dense tectis. Folia simplicia integra alterna longe petiolata membranacea. Petiolus 17-22 cm.longus leviter stria- tus pallidus adpresse tomentosus. Lamina latissime ovato-rotundata basi cordata apice rotundata vel ob- tusissima margine integra 12-21, emelonga, 1-2 em. lata (et verisimiliter valde major): supra laetevi- rens 7 nervis principalibus palmatis angustis stella- to-puberulis conspicuis nervis secundariis remotis minus notatis, cetera superficie glabra sublente min- uto reticulo plus minusve visibili et copiosis punctis opacis elevatis valde conspicuis; subtus cinerea pilis stellatis adpressis dense tecta, nervis principalibus 7 elevatis secundariis paucis paulo prominulis reticu- lo obsoleto. Flores (6-10) in fasciculis axillaribus copiosis dispositi. Pedicelli 1.5-2 cm.longi crassiusculi striolati subochraceo-tomentosi erecti vel paulo flex-= uosi. Calyx oblongo-cupularis circa 9 m.altus basi subrotundatus apice truncatus, margine irregulariter breviterque fisso-denticulata vel erosa, extus palli- dus adpresse tomentosus intus glaber nigro-punctatus. Petala alba lamina elliptico-oblonga 23-26 mm.longa 9-10 mm.lata supra glabra et minute nigro-punctata, subtus pilis fasciculatis minutis crassiusculis dense tecta. Tubus stamineus circe 8 mm.longus extus glaber apice dense barbatus, filamentis ad 10 mm.longis ten- eribus glabris sparse nigro-punctatis, antheris 1 mm. longis. Pistillum in specimine dessunt. Typus: Colombia; Antioquia: Turbo, “on Quebrada Mercedes east of Turbo, alt. about 75 m. Small tree, about 8 m.high, wood white very soft. Flowers white with peculiar rather unpleasant odor. Common here, along streams" collect. 1h-VII-1946 Oscar Haught 968. Holotypus, US. HAMPEA ROMEROLI Cuatr., spenov. Arbor circa 12 met.alta. Ramuli dense tomentosi brunnei. Folia simplicia integra alterna submembranacea, Petiolus 10-15 cm.longus graciliter rigidus striolatus supra sulcatus brunneo stellato-tomentosus. Lamina rotundato-ovoidea basi cordata apice deltoidea margine integra, 10-15.5 cm.longa, 9-14.5 cm.lata; supra spar- sis pilis lepidoto-stellatis minutis valde adpressis munita nervis principalibus filiformibus conspicuis reliquis nervulis paulo impressis reticulatis; subtus pilis stellatis densis adpressis tecta, nervis princi- palibus 7 prominentibus magis tomentulosis, nervis 195h Cuatrecasas, Novelties in Bombacaceae 473 transversis subparallelis bene prominulis reliquis nervulis obsoletis laxe reticulatis. Pedunculi fructiferi 2-3 cm.longi mediocres rigidi vel paulo curvati striolulati dense tomentosi. Calyx fructifer conicus 7-9 mm.longus margine irregu- lariter erosus extus adpresse stellato-tomentosus, in- tus glaber. Capsula oblongo-elliptica bi-trivalva 3 em.longa 1.3-1.4 cm.lata loculis 2-3 seminibus. Sem- ina subovata circa 10 mm.longa laevia arillo albo crasso munita. Pericarpium crassum (1-1.5 mm.) extus rugulosum adpresse tomentulosum, intus glabrum. Typus: Colombia, El Chocé: Juradé, colect. 1 oct. 1946 Rafael Romero Castafieda 95, Holotypus,F. QUARARIBEA FOENIGRAECA Cuatr., sp.nov. Arbor 30 met.alta, caule 50-60 cm.diam. cortice sordide albo-griseo ligno albo, tantum parte superiore ramosa ramis verticillatis (precipuae 5) horizontali- bus vel extremis reclinatis. Ramuli brunnescentes ni- tidi glabri vel extremis valde juvenilibus minute par- cissime puberulis. Folia pendula vel horizontalia simplicia alterna subcoriacea pinnatinervia in vivo intense viridia in sicco pallida. Lamina ovato-oblonga vel oblongo-el- liptica basi obtusa vel rotundata saepe breviter emar- ginata apice attenuata acutiuscula vel paulo acumina- ta, margine integra, 11-30 cm.longa 5-1) cm.lata, utrinque prospectu glabra sed minutissimis sparsissi- misque pilis lepidotis adpressis munita, supra costa bene notata nervis secundariis conspicuis reticulo venulorum paulo prominulo, subtus costa crassa eminen- ti nervis secundariis 7-9 utroque latere eminentibus arcuato=-ascendentibus marginem versus subdecurrentibus tenuioribus anastomosatis, nervulis venulisque promin- ulis reticulatis. Flores solitarii actinophili supra ramulos termin- ales erecti. Pedunculi mediocres 12-16 mm.longi ten- eres rigidi apice paulo incrassati tertio inferiore articulati 3 bracteolis ovatis acutis 1 mm.longis mu- niti, lepidibus minutis adpressis tecti. Alabastra subpyriformia 8-10 mm.longa apice mucronulata adpres- se squamuloso-vestita. Calyx coriaceus crassus coni- co=-campanulatus 12-1) mm.longus, 3-/, irregulariter lo- batus lobis obtusis vel rotundatis 3-l mm.longis, vir- idis vel luteolo-viridis adpresse minuteque piloso- lepidotus, intus dense villoso-sericeus. Petala 5 li- bera alba membranacea linearia subspathulato-oblonga vel obovato-oblonga apice rotundata vel obtusa dimidia inferiore parte valde unguiculato angustata 30-35 mm. longa 5-7 mm.lata, dense stellato-pilosa tomentella. Staminorum columna crassiuscula alba calycem valde ex- cedens circa 25 mm.longa tomentella stellato-pilosa 7k PoHeYoTNO LAO Geis Vol. 4, no. 8 ad apicem (5 mmelongitudine) dilatata margine lobata lobis crassis linearibus 2-3 mm.longus. Antherae bie lobatae aspectu glomeratae sed pro dente octo longi- tudinaliter biseriatae, thecis ellipticis 1.2 mm.lon= gis paribus superioribus cruciatim dispositis. Sty- lus tubum staminorum paulo excedens linearis dense pubescens apice dilatatus subtruncatus stigmate rugo= so ovario biloculari loculis uniovulatis. Fructus ovatus obtuse apiculatus circa 22-2); mm.longus 18 mm. latus pericarpio coriaceo extus lutescenti minutis-= sime lepidoto=-tomentello endocarpio tenuiter fibroso= coriaceo bilocularis bispermus seminibus crassis.olei-= feris plano-convexis 15-18 mm.longis 13-1) mm.latis. Calyx fructiferus coriaceus conicus irregulariter ero=- so=-lobatus 15 mm.longus minutissime lepidulatus, Tota planta intensissimum odorem Trigonella foenum-graeci Lesimilem exhalat. Typus: Colombia, Dep.Valle, Hoya del rfo Digua, lado izquierdo: Piedra de Moler, bosques 900-1180 m,. alte, colect. 19-VIII-1943,J.Cuatrecasas 1890. Holo- typus,F, QUARARIBEA LORETOYACUENSIS Cuatr., sp.enove Rami horizontales vel plus minusve penduli cortice griseo-virides rugulosi glabri. Folia simplicia alterna subcoriacea in sicco cine=- reo=-viridia. Petiolus brevis stellato-tomentulosus 6-= 15 mm.longus. Lamina obovato-elliptica basi rotunda- ta vel obtusissima apice subrotundata subite breviter obtuseque apiculata vel obtusa, margine integra sed irregulariter leviterque repanda, 10-22 cm.longa, 5= 16 cm.latas supra sparsis pilis minutissimis stellatis munita costa angusta depressa stellulato=puberula ner= vis secundariis filiformibus reliquis venulis paulo conspicuis; subtus praecipue supra nervationem copio= sis pilis stellatis, costa eminenti nervis secundariis 5 utroque latere prominentibus arcuato-ascendentibus marginem versus decurrentibus anastomosatis, nervis tertiis transversis bene prominulis cum venulis pro= minulis in reticulum anastomosatis. Flores solitarii in ramulis brevibus foliosis nas- centes breviter pedunculati. Pedunculi 5-6 mm,.longi inferiore parte articulati 3=bracteolati, crassi api- cem versus gradatim incrassati parce striati dense to-= mentosi, pilis crassiusculis stellatis ramulis valde brevibus congestis. Calyx conico-tubulosus circa 20 mmelongus apice inaequaliter 3-) lobatus lobis ad 5 mm.longis intus densissime villoso=sericeus extus par= ce striolatus dense ochracso=tomentosus, pilis cras-= siusculis stellulatis ramulis brevibus congestis tec- tus. Petala membranacea late linearia ad 45 mm.longa apicem versus 8-9 mm.lata, apice rotundata basim 195 Cuartecasas, Novelties in Bombacaceae 75 versus angustata unguiculata utrinque longis pilis stellatis subtus densioribus tecta. Staminorum tubus crassus petala subaequilongus dense tomentosus apice guingque dentatus subapicem antheris bilobatis plus mi- nusve 5