Ey ter Ss 5 deen eee ee Se ee en ie 2 ae eee fw — Eee hota © 1h eras ‘a< nh 4 ; eS t 5 ; ae i % a" | i iy Wy) ® ye rh i" i he hao me igh Ur lil -—- PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 20 April, 1970 No. 1 CONTENTS EE ts. IVOLES ON ANISINGLACEME 2. dk ik ce ecw ce tunes l MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XXX ...... 4 53 CT, Lo OOR FEVICWES. 2 od), hose gk doe cial eile S Sor eke, 8 wae ove MEW YOR« GRITAMICAL GARDEN Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number, $1; per volume, $7, in advance, or $7.50 at close of volume < NOTES ON ALISMATACEAE Getulio Agostini New York Botanical Garden 1. SAGITTARIA PLANITIANA Agostini, sp. nov. Herba annua ut videtur. Folia emersa, late ovatis, .5-8.0 cm longis, 5.0-9.5 cm latis, basi truncatis vel subcordatis,apice rotundatis; petiolis 18-28 cm longis. Scapi simplices, 8.0-0.0 em longis, floribus 2-verticillaribus, scapis infra crassis. Bracteae verticilli primi 1.5-3.0 cm longae, 0.5-1.4 cm latae, ad basim libris; pbracteis verticilli secundi 1.0-2.3 cm longis, 0.5-1.0 cm latis, imbricatis, ad scapum adpressis. Pedicelli ca 1.5 cm longi,florum femineorum erecti et crassi;florum masculorum filiformi recurvati, 2.0-2.8 cm longi. Flores feminei: sepalis 1.4-1.5 cm longis, 2-3 cm latis,ad maturitatem receptaculo adpre- ssis; petalis ca 2 cm longis, ca 0.9 cm latis, albis videtur, cum coronis staminibus functionalibus. Flores masculini: staminibus numerosis, filamentis linearibus, antheris ca 2.1 mm longis. Fructus: capitulis maturis 2-3 cm diam; acheniis laevis, 2.5-3.0 mm longis, 1.0-1.1 mm latis; rostris 0.4-0.5 mm longis. Herb apparently annual. Leaves emersed, widely ovate, 45-8 cm long, 5-9.5 cm wide, base truncate to subcordate, the apex rounded, the petioles 18-28 cm long. Scapes simple, 8-0 cm long, with two whorls of flowers, thicker below the first whorl. Bracts of the first whorl 1.5-3 cm long, 0.6-1.); cm wide, free at the base, the ones of the second whorl are 1-2.3 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide, overlapping and appresed to scape.Pedicels ca. 1.5 cm long, erect and thick in the pistillate flowers; 2-2.8 cm long,recurved and filiform in the staminate flowers. Pistillate flowers with a ring of functional stamens; sepals 1.5-1.); cm long, 3-2 cm wide, closely appresed to the receptacle at maturity; petals ca. 2 cm long, ca. 0.9 cm wide, apparently all white. Staminate flowers with numerous stamens, the filaments linear, the anthers ca. 2.1 mm long. Mature pistillate heads 2-3 cm in diameter; achenes 2.5- 3 mm long, 1-1.1 mm wide, narrowly winged, ellipsoid or obo- void and laterally compressed, the faces smooth; the beak 0.4-0.5 mm long. : VENEZUELA, do. Portuguesa: Marsh in llanos, just west of Guanare, alt. 180 m, August 25, 1966, Julian A. Steyermark & Marvin Rave 96,8 (Holotype NY, Isotype VEN). Paratype: VENEZUELA, Edo. Guarico: Lagoon of Mesa de El Sombrero, in mud, September 10, 1927, H. Pittier 12473 (NY). 1 — Piney, POL iO) Getek Vol. 20, now 1 S. rhombifolia seems to be the closest relative, from which S. planitiana differs mainly by the shape or the leaves, the num- ber of whorls in the inflorescence, and the shape and size of the fruits. It is probable that this new species will prove to have a wider range of leaf shapes and sizes than the ones shown by the two collections at hand. The name comes from the fact that this species appears to be restricted to the Great Plains of Central Venezuela. 2. Key to the related species of Sagittaria growing in the Venezuelan llanos. 1. Leaf blades typically aerial and spreading; achenes with narrow and entire wings, 2.5-5.5 mm long Ole 26 Leaves widely ovate, base truncate or subcordate, apex rounded ; inflorescences with 2 whorls of flowers; pistillate flowers lacking recurved pedicels; mature achenes 2.5-3 mm long S. planitiana Agost. (Plate I, C & D) Leaves linear to ovate,base cuneate to obtuse,apex acute to acuminate;inflorescences with 3 -10 whorls of flowers; pistillate flowers usually with recurved pedicels ;mature achenes 3.5-5.5 mm long S. rhombifolia Cham. (Plate I, BE & F) 1. Leaf blades typically floating, base cordate; achenes crenate-winged, 1.5-3.5 mm long S. guyanensis HBK. SSp. anensis. (Plate I, A & B) 3. Echinodorus fluitans Fassett, a new record for Venezuela. This species has been collected in the state of Falcon,south of Pi- ritu (J. A. Steyermark 9551). It was previously known only from the Type collection made in the Department of Magdale- na in Colombia. E&F. Plate I Sagittaria guyanensis HBK. ssp. guyanensis Sagittaria planitiana Agost. Sagittaria rhombifolia Cham. Scale shown for A,C & E equals 1 ecm, and for B,D & F equals 1 mn. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XXX Harold N. Moldenke ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. Additional & emended bibliography: Henckel, Nom. Bot. 68, 705, 776, & 812. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30 & 385. 1797; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 110--l11 & 533. 1805; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312- 313, 422, 550, & 839. 1821; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 1-—-7h, pl. 1--19. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585—586 (18)0) and 2: 37, 184, 2h7, 532, & 65h. 181; Schomb., Reise Brit. Guian. 3: 1063-106). 1848; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit.-Guian. 3: 1063--106,. 1848; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 259--268 & 579. 1852; Pritz., Icon. Ind. 2: 185. 1866; Korn., Abh. Naturw. Ver. Bremen 7: 34. 1880; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 51—59, 776, 781, & 782. 1897; Post & Kuntze, Lexicon 219 & 5h. 1904; Stapf in H. Johnson, Liberia 2, app. 1: 662. 1906; Pax in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 39: 609. 1907; Robinson & Fern., khodora 11: 0. 1909; T. Fr. in R. E. Fr., Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1911- 12, 1: 218--219, pl. 16. 1916; W. E. Roth, Schomb. Travels 2: 3, 170, 176, 271, & 422. 1923; Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 99 & 29. 1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. h: 22, 67, & 518--519. 19303; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 309--33% & 343--36h (1939) and 2: 152—153. 1946; Terrac., Trav. Lab. Mat. Méd. 33 (3): 107. 1947; Moldenke, Phyto— logia 2: 220, 349--352, & 372—-381 (1947), 2: 490—L99 (198), and 3: 79—80, 11-14), & 162—192. 1949; Duvigneaud, Lejeunia 16: 103. 1953; Seshagiri Rao, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55: 437. 1958; Standl. & Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 374--330. 1958; Van der Veken, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 91: 99--102. 1958; A. Robyns, Excerpt. Bot. A.l: 215. 1959; Jaques-Félix, Excerpt. Bot. A.l: 72. 1959; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.k: ly & 591--593 (1962) and A.5: 36. 1962; Anon., Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 58. 1963; K. U. Kramer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33. 1963; Brunig, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 307 & 311. 1965; F. R. Fos- berg, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 27h & 286. 1965; Jaeger, Lamotte, & Roy, Bull. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 28: 1160—1161, fig. 7. 1966; H. Weber in Fittkau, Illies, Klinge, Schwabe, & Sioli, Biogeogr. & Ecol. S. Am. 2: [Van Dye, Monog. Biol. 19:] 512. 1968; Lehr, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 96: 721. 1969; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl., ed. 2, 169. 1969; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 1: 11 & 20. 1969; Eleu- terius & Jones, Rhodora 71: 31. 1969; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 88 & 96. 1969; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 50 (21): BASIC S.67 (1969) and 50 (24): BASIC S.68 & S.21). 1969; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 12948 & 12949 (1969) and 51: 459. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (1): BASIC S.73. 1970; Moldenke,’ Phytologia 19: 07—— 42h, 40-96, & 508-512. 1970. The misspelling Erocauloneae occurs in W. E. Roth, Schomb. Draveccs orl (1923). 7 Soe oe iF 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae c BLASTOCAULON ALBIDUM (Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon albidum Gardn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum, 2: [Cyp.] 278 & 3356 1855. Eriocaulon albidum Steud. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877, in syn. 1893. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum, 2: [Cyp.] 278 & 333. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 277, 293, 350--352, & 507. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 322 & 407. 1970. BLASTOCAULON RUPESTRE (Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon rupestre Gardn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 278 & 33h. 1855. Eriocaulon rupestre Steud. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 879, in syn. 1893. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum,. 2: [Cyp.] 278 & 333. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 277, 293, 351, 352, & 507. 1863; Stapf, Ind. Lond. : 519. 1930; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 9h (1918) and 19: 407. 1970. Additional illustrations: Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam., ed. 2, 15a: 52, fig. 20. 1930. Stapf (19305 asserts that this species is illustrated in Hook., Icon. Pl. 6: pl. 525 (183), but the fact is that it is only described, not illustrated, theret ERIOCAULON Gron. Emended synonymy: Schoenocaulon Reichenb. ex Steud., Nan. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585, in syn. 180 [not Schoenocauion A. Gray, ees Eriaucolon L. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 377, in syn. 1947. Additional & emended bibliography: Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30 & 385. 1797; Henckel, Nom. Bot. 68, 705, 776, & 812. 1797; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 110-111 & 533. 1805; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312-313, 422, & 550. 1821; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 1—7h, pl. 1—-19. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585--586 (180) and 2: 37, 18h, 2h7, 532, & 654. 1841; Schamb., Reise Brit.—Guian. 3: 1064. 1848; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit.-Guian. 3: 106). 1848; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 259-268 & 579. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 261, 267—283, 332—33h, & 32. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: [561], 565, 571—573, 575, & 577—691. 1856; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 51—59 & 776. 1897; Robinson & Fern., Rhodora 11: 40. 1909; W. E. Roth, Schomb. Travels 2: 170 & 176. 1923; Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 99 & 29. 1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 4: 518. 1930; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 311-328, 330, 331, 333, 336, 343, & 3h7—36h (1939), 2: 153 (1946), 2: 220 & 373-— 381 (1947), 2: L91—-95 (1948), and 3: 80, 142—1h), & 180--192. 1949; Standl. & Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 37i—377. 1958; Seshagiri Rao, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55: 437. 1958; Jaques-Félix, Excerpt. Bot. A.l: 72. 1959; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 436. 1962; Anon., Excerpt, Bot. A.6: 458. 1963; K. U. Kra~ mer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33. 1963; Brunig, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. 6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 20, no. 1 Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 307 & 311. 1965; F. R. Fosberg, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 27 & 286. 1965; D. Walker, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. fa. 1965; H. Weber in Fittkau, Illies, Klinge, Schwabe, & Sioli, Bio- geogr. & Ecol. S. Am. 2: [Van Oye, Monog. Biol. 19:] 512. 1968; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl., ed. 2, 169. 1969; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 1: 11. 1969; Eleuterius & Jones, Rhodora 71: 31. 1969; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 96. 1969; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 50 (21): BASIC S.67. 1969; Lehr, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 96: 721. 19693 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 12918 & 12949 (1969) and 51: 459. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 07— 42h, bbO—l96, & 509. 1970. The index in Henckel's work (1797) cites a page "86" for this genus, but this seems to be a typographic error for page 68. ERIOCAULON ABYSSINICUM Hochst. Additional bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: (Cyp.] 273 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 579, 58), 612-613, 616, & 618. 1856; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 53--5 & 776. 1897; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 322, 412, & 89. 1970. ERIOCAULON ACHITON Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 585 & 630-631. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 285. 1863; Mol- denke, Phytologia 19: 322—323, hh3, 6h, & 477. 1970. ERIOCAULON AFRICANUM Hochst. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 273 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 585, 649--650, & 671. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 293 & 503. 1863; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 53, 56—57, & 776. 1897; Mol- denke, Phytologia 3: 143 & 181 (1949) and 19: 323, 465, & 66. 1970. ERIOCAULON AUSTRALE R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 569 & 612. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 265. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 273 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 582, 586, 686--687, & 692. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 286% 503. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 376 (1947), 2: 49h (1948), and 19: 325 & 415. 1970. ERIOCAULON BENTHAMI Kunth Additional & emended bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 545 & 612. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 18563 Korn. in Mart., Fle Brass 3 (1): 490—92 & 508. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 311, 350, 356, 357, & 359 (1939) and 19: 326. 1970. ERIOCAULON BIFISTULOSUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 375 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 7 (1947), 3: 143 & 183 (1949), and 19: 326. 1970. ERIOCAULON BILOBATUM Morong Additional & emended bibliography: Standl. & Steyern., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 375. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 311—312, 350, & 360 (1939) and 19: 326. 1970. ERIOCAULON BREVIPEDUNCULATUM Merr. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 377 (197) and 19: 326, 410, & 480. 1970. The E. acaule Fosberg previously regarded by me as a synonym of this taxon seems to belong, rather, to the synonymy of the recently proposed E. kinabaluense Van Royen. ERIOCAULON BREVISCAPUM Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 586 & 676--677. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 293. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 21. 1969. The E. brevisca Mart. is a synonym of Paepalanthus plan- tagineus (Bong.) Korn., which see. ERIOCAULON BROWNIANUM Mart. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 562 & 612. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 265. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 271 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 585 & 663—66). 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 503. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 379 (197) and 19: 326--327, 490, & 91. 1970. ERIOCAULON BRUNONIS Britten Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 313 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 586. 180; Kunth, Emm. Pl. 3: 571 & 61. 1841; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 583 & 586--587. 1856; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 327. 1970. ERIOCAULON CINEREUK R. Er. Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon setaceum Willd. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 552 & 614, in syn. 161 [not E. setaceum Auct., 1903, nor Benth., 1893, nor Crantz, 1766, nor Heyne, 1832, nor L., 1753, nor Lour., 1790, nor Wall., 1893, nor Wight, 1832]. Eriocaulon cinereum Bong. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 613, sphaln. 18h1 [not E. cinereum Buch.-Ham., 1893, nor Hamilt., 1832]. Erio- caulon sieboldtianmum Zucc. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glim. 2: [Cyp.] 334. 1855. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586. 180; Kunth, Emm, Pl, 3: 552, 571, 613, & 614. 1813 D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 266. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 272, 273, 333, & 334. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 58), 613, & 618. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. 8 POR Y <1) 0°L 0G TA Vol, 20, no. 1 Bras. 3 (1): 293. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891; Mol- denke, Phytologia 2: 373, 376, & 379 (197), 2: 93 (1948), and 3: 1h & 185. 1919; Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 50: 12919. 1969; Moldenke, Piytologia 19: 326~329, 339, 360, 415, 420, 450, h6h, £76, & L77~ 970. Steudel (180) places E. terme Hamilt. in the synonymy of E. sexangulare L., but this is obviously done because of his errone- ous interpretation of the latter species. ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM Lam. Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon cephalotes Poir. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 & 313. 1821. Eriocaulon decangulare Lam. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 & 313, in syn. 1821. Eriocaulon pubescens var. ( Pers. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312, in syn. 1821. Eriocaulon gnaphaloides Michx. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 268. 1855. Eriaucolon gnaphalodes Michx. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 377, in syn. 197. Additional & emended bibliography: Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: ll. 1805; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 & 313. 1821; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 3, h, 29, & 30. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 97, 52, 575, & 613. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glin. 2: [Cyp.] 268 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 58), 592--59h, & 596. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 285 & 503. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 312—-313, 348—35h, & 356 (1939), 2: 153 (1946), 2: 373, 377, & 378 (19K75, 2: 491 & 495 (1948), and 3: 80, 142, & 186--189. 199; Eleuterius & Jones, Rhodora 71: 31. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 329--330, 342, 351, 60, & 61. 1970. Steudel (1821) reduces E. decemangulare Humb. & Bonpl. to synonymy under the present taxon and also E. anceps Walt., but the latter with a question. The former actually is a synonym of E. humboldtii Kunth and the latter is Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong. The same author (1840) reduces E. conpressum, in part, at least, to the African E. pubescens Lam. [now known as Mesan- themum pubescens (Lam.) Koérn.], a disposition which is entirely unjustified. ‘ ERIOCAULON CRASSISCAPUM Bong. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon crassicarpum Bong. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 333, sphalm. 1855. Additional & emended bibliography: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 28. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 57h, 575, & 613. 18413 D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 267. 18525 Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; Korn, in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 86-—~l87 & 507. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 37) & 375 (1917) and 19: 330. 1970. Steudel (1855) cites only P. Clausen 1180 from Minas Gerais, Brazil, as though this were the type collection. Bongard (1831) 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 9 gives us no collector's name or number, saying merely of the type collection "In paludibus inter as Prados et Barbacena",. ERIOCAULON CRISTATUM Mart. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon cristatum Mart. & Wall. ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 264. 1852. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 559--560, 568, & 613. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 264. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 271 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 579, 58h, & 607—611. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 280 & 503. 1863; welceee Pay tologia 2: 376 & 378 (1947) and 19: 330—331, 334, 18, & h 970. ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE L. Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon serotinum Walt. & Lam. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312, in syn. 1821. Eriocaulon ane hal- odes Bernhardi ex Kunth, Emum,. al Be Su3 & 613, in syn. [not E. gnaphalodes Beauv., 1959, nor Michx., 1803, nor “a Wright, 1900]. Eriocaulon villosum Willd. ex Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 543 & 614, in syn. 18)1 [not E. villosum Ell., 1968, nor Michx., 1803, nor Salzm., 1855]. Additional & emended bibliography: Henckel, Nam. Bot. 68. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 110. 1805; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 & 313. 1821; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 2, h, & 8. 1831; *steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 18h0; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 5h0, 543—Shh, 563, 580, 613, & 61h. 18); Schomb., Reise Brit .-Guian. 3: 106). 11,8; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit.-Guian. 3: 106). 188; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glim. 2: (Cyp. ] 268 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 58), 589, 593, 596--598, & 667. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 280, 290, 7h, 476, 91, 497, & 503. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 31i—316 & 3h8—363 (1939), 2: 153 (1916), 2: 378 & 379 (17), 2: 491 & h9k (1948), and 3: 80, 12, & 190—192. 1949; Eleuterius & Jones, Rhodora 71: 31. 1969; wo1- denke, Phytologia 19: 331—333, 60, 161, & 491. 1970. The Lundells describe this plant as a "perennial herb, corolla yellow, anthers orange", flowering and fruiting in March. Steudel (1841) reduces E. decemangulare Humb, & Bonpl. ques- tionably to synonymy under E. decangulare L., but it actually be- longs in the synonymy of E. humboldtii Kunth. The E. decangulare Lam., which he also lists, . is a synonym of E. compressum Lam., while the homonym nderedited to Humboldt & Bonpland by Bongard (1831) is E. humboldtii Kunth. Additional citations: SOUTH CAROLINA: Hampton Co.: Wilbur & Webster 2833 (Mi). TEXAS: Hardin Co.: Lundell & Lundell 11902 (N). ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE f. PARVICEPS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 332, 333, 460, & 461. 1970. 10 Pony. OLLWOrG Tk Vol. 20, no. 1 Additional citations: TEXAS: Robertson Co.: Lonard 1956 (Mi). ERIOCAULON DEPRESSUM R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 571 & 613. 181; De Dietr., Syne Pl. 5: 266. 1852; Sterd., Syne Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 583, 587, & 588. 1856; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 334. 1970. ERIOCAULON DREGEI Hochst. Additional bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum, 2: [Cyp.] 272 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 586 & 671-67). 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 300 & 503. 1863; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.— Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 53, 55-56, & 776. 1897; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 335. 1970. ERIOCAULON ECHINULATUM Mart. Synonymy: Eriocaulon echinulatum Mart. & Endl. ex D. Dietr., Syne PL. 5212656 1852. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 568, 569, & 613. 18]; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 265. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 272 & 333. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 579, 58h, 619-—620, & 692. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 28-286, 291, & 75. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 335 & 478. 1970. ERIOCAULON EHRENBERGIANUM Klotzsch Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): )91--l\92 & 508. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 316, 350, 352—35h, & 30—362. 1939; Standl. & Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 375--376. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 335 & Lh7. 1970. This species was collected in flower and fruit by Matuda in October. Additional citations: MEXICO: Morelos: Matuda 25602 (N). ERIOCAULON ELICHRYSOIDES Bong. Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon pardimm A. Dietr. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 33h, sphalm. 1855. Eriocaulon helichrysoides Bong. apud Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 76, 483, & 507. 1863 [not E. helichrysoides Steud., 1903]. Additional & emended bibliography: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 31. 1831; Guill. in Deless., Icon. Sel. 3: 60. 1837; Kunth, Emm. Pl. 3: 5h6, 5h8, 577, & 613. 181; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269, 283, 333, & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 599. 1856; Korn. in esihge a Bras. 3 (1): 76, 483, & 507. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 336. 1970. ERIOCAULON FASCICULARE L. Bibliography: Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797. Nothing is known to me of this taxon except that it is listed 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae u by Raeuschel (1797) as having been proposed by Linnaeus. It seems most probable that what Raeuschel intended to say was E. fascicu- latum Lam., published in 1789 and now regarded as Paepalanthus _ lamarckii Kunth, which see. ERIOCAULON FISTULOSUM R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: aos 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: S71 & 613. 181; D. Dietr., *syn. Pl 652266. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269 & 334. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 563 & 587. 1856; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 336. 1970. ERIOCAULON FULIGINOSIM C. Wright Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 317, 350, 352, 353, 355, 356, 358, 360, %1, & 363. "1939; Standl. & Steyern., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 375 & 376. 1958; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 19: 336. 1970. ERIOCAULON oe psc he Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; Korn. in eres. Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 293, 489—L90, 500, & 507, pl. 61, fig. 1. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 37h & 378. 19,73 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 12918 . 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 336-337. 1970. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Pard: Sick B.878a (Rf). ERIOCAULON GOMPHRENOIDES Kunth Additional & emended bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 548 & 613. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26h. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: (Cyp.] 269--270 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 599. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 81—l82 & 506. 1863; Mol- denke, Phytologia 19: 42. 1969. ERIOCAULON GUYANENSE Korn. Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon guianense Korn., Linnaea 27: 588. 1856 [not E. guianense A, Dietr., 1855). Additional bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp. ] 269 & 33h. 1855; Kérn., Linnaea 27: 588. 1856; Kérn. in Mart, Fl. Bras. 288, 291, 75, 478, & 507. 1863; Woldenke, Phytologia 2: 373 (1947) and'19: 337 & 47. 1970. The E. guianense accredited to A. Dietrich is a synonym of E. humboldtii Kunth. ERTOCAULON HAMILTONIANUM Mart. Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon cinereum Hamilt. ex Wall., Numer. List 207, in syn. 1832 [not E. cinereum Bong., 1841, nor R. Br., 1810, nor Merr., 190]. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 552 & 613. "182 D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26h. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp. ; 270 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 581-583, 586, 679—680, & 683. 1856; Le EY TO 0.6 Tk Vol. 20, now Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 285 & 480. 1863; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 19: 337 & h76. 1970. ERIOCAULON HETEROLEPIS Steud. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 271 & 334. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 81 585, & 652. 1856; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 338, 347, 418, 420, & 477. 1970. ERIOCAULON HETEROMALLUM Bong. Synonymy: Eriocaulon heteromallum Kunth ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: (Cyp.] 279 & 33h. 1855. Additional & emended bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 57h & 613. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 267. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. cium. 2: tcyp.] 279 & 334. 1855; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 179. 1969. ERIOCAULON HOOKERIANUM Stapf Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon macrophyllum Ridl., Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 191, in syn. 1915 [not E. macrophyllum Ruhl., 1903]. ae Additional bibliography: H. N. Ridl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 38: 332. 1908; K. U. Kramer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 338, 16, 17, & L6h. 1970. ERIOCAULON HUMBOLDTII Kunth Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon decangulare Humb. & Bonpl. ex Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 8 & 30. 1831. Eriocaulon decemangu- lare Humb. & Kunth apud Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: Ohh & 613. loyl. Eriocaulon decemangulare Humb. & Bonpl. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 268 & 333. 1855. Eriocaulon guianense A. Dietr. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269 & 333, in syn. 1855 [not E. guianense Korn., 1 56]. Additional & emended bibliography: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 8 & 30. 1831; Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: Shb—5h5 & 613. 181; Schomb., Reise Brit.-Guian. 3: 106). 188; Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit.-Guian. 3: 106). 188; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 268, 269, 333, & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 601. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 176, 497, 498, & S07. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 37k. 197; Je A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 96. 1969; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 19: 338--339 & 56. 1970. ERIOCAULON INFIRMUM Steud. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon gracile Mart. & Wall. ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26). 1852. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 575 & 586. 1840; Kunth, Emm. Pl. 3: 558-559 & 613. 1813 D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 264. 18523 Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 271 & 33k. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 581, 582, 585, 655—-656, 658, 661, & 682. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 290, 292, 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 13 & 298. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 337, 339—~30, 78, & 491. 1970. ERIOCAULON KINABALUENSE Van Royen Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon acaule Fosberg, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 286, nom, mud. 1965 [not E. acaule Pennell, 1959]. Additional bibliography: K. U. Kramer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33. 1963; F. R. Fosberg, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 286. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 31. 1970. Eriocaulon acaule Fosberg was previously regarded by me as a synonym of E. brevipedunculatum Merr., but apparently this dispo- sition was incorrect. Fosberg (1965) says of it "forming hard cushions on hard granite slopes with sparse vegetation, 12,000 feet on Kinabalou South or South Peak", ERIOCAULON KINLOCHII Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 318, 350, & 357. 1939; Standl. & Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 375 & 376. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 248—2)9. 1969. ERIOCAULON LANCEOLATUM Miq. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 271--272 & 334. 1855; Kérn., Linnaea 27: 581, 585, 656—658, & 661. 1856; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 31 & 477. 1970. ERIOCAULON LATIFOLIUM J. Sa. : Additional bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 273 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 605 & 666--667. 1856; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 32), 341—32, 45, 485, & 486. 1970. ERIOCAULON LEPTOPHYLLUM Kunth Additional & emended bibliography: Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 549 & 613. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26h. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glun. 2: [cyp.] 270 & 33h. 18553 Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 76, fol, & 506. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 374, 375, 377, & 381 (1947) and 19: 73. 1969. ERIOCAULON LEUCOMELAS Steud. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon nigrescens A. Dietr. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 272 & 33h. 1855. Additional & emended bibliography: Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 568 & 613. 1841; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 272 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 585, 647—6h9, 652, & 797. 1856; Korn. in aie Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 293. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 3h2 & - 1970. ERIOCAULON LIGULATUM (Vell.) L. B. Sm. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 482—)8) & 507. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: ie (1949) and ly PH YeT) 0. 2,0 G.1.A Vol. 20, no. 1 19: 342. 1970. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 11320 (Ac). ERIOCAULON LINEARE Small Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: (1948), and 3: 80. 1949; Eleuterius & Jones, Rhodora 71: 31. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 342 & 60. 1970. ERIOCAULON LUZULAEFOLIUM Mart. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 553--555 & 613. 181; D. Dietr,, Syn. Pl. 5: 26. 18523 Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 270 & 33. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 581, 585, & 636--637. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 503. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 375 (1947) and 19: 342-343, 473, & 475--L78. 1970. ERIOCAULON MACROPHYLLUM Ruhl. Additional & emended bibliography: H. N. Ridl., Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond. Bot. 38: 332. 1908; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 77 (1969) and 19: 416 & 17. 1970. ERIOCAULON MELANOCEPHALUM Kunth Additional & emended bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 59 & 613. 1841; D, Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 270 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 578 & 601. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 298, 476, 498-501, & 506, pl. 63. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 319, 351, 357, & 363 (1939), 2: 374 (1947), 3: lW2 & 180 (19495, and 19: 346. 1970. ERIOCAULON MICROCEPHALUM H.B.K. Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon microcephalum Humb, & Kunth ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 548, 572, & 613. 181 [not E. microcephalum Sao & Schlecht., 1893, nor Hook. & Arn., 185), nor Sellow, 1959]. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586. 1840; Kunth, Emm. Pl. 3: 548, 572, 613, & 614. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263-- 264. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glim. 2: [Cyp.] 269 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 470, hg2, 502, 505, & 508. 18635 Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 316, 320, 350, 351, 357, 358, 360—362, & 364 (1939), 2: 13h & 491 (1988), ana 19: 347. 1970. It is of interest to note that Steudel (180) lists E. trian- gulare L. both as a valid species (p. 586) and as a synonym of E, microcephalum (p. 585). ERIOCAULON MINIMUM Lam. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon sexan, Burm. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586, in syn. 160. Additional bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 15 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586. tet Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 551 & 613. 181; Steud. » Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 268 & 334. 1855; Korn,, Linnaea 27: 585, 616, & 634—635. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 285. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 339 & 347. 1970. It is of interest to note that Steudel, in his 1821 work, re- duces E. minimum to synonymy under E. sexangulare L., but in his 180 work reinstates it as a valid species with "E. sexangulare Burm." as a synonym. ERIOCAULON MODESTUM Kunth Additional & emended bibliography: Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 57 & 613. sat De Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269, 280. & 334. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. =i Korn, in Vart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 286, 476, 493, 500, & 507, . 62, fig. 2. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 374 & 375 (19h7), B80 (199), and 19: 347. 1970. ERIOCAULON NANUM R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot, Phan., ed. 1, 313 (1821) and ed, 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Emm, Pl. ee ST & 613. ae D. Dietr., "syn. Pl. 5: 266. 1852; Steud. Pl. Glun, 2: (Cyp.] 273 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: bo. '6 58h, & 618. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 291. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 348. 1970. ERIOCAULON NEGLECTUM Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 325. 1969. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: Hatschbach & Gui- marfes 21818 (Z). ERIOCAULON NEPALENSE Prescott Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon nepalense Bong. ex Steud., Nan. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 1840. Eriocaulon quinquangulare Wall. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 270 & 33k, in syn. 1855 [not E. in e Bojer, 1964, nor Heyne, 1832, nor L., 1743, nor Mart., 1854, nor Wight, 1832, nor Willd., 1959). Eriocaulon nepalense Kunth ex Korn., Linnaea 27: 637, in syn. 1856. Erio- caulon viride Korn., Linnaea 27: 581, 585, & 637-639. 1856. ~ Additional & emended bibliography: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 10 & 13. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth Enum. Pl. 3: S54—S55 & 613. 18h]; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26h. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 270 & 33h. 1855; Kérn., Picasa 27: 581, 585, & 637-639. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 503. 1863; Korn. in Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. 3: 163. 1867; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 493. 194.8; Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 50: 1299 (1969) and 51: h59. 1970; Holdenke, Phytologia 19: 348, 18, 420, & 476. 1970. ERIOCAULON NILAGIRENSE Steud. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon nilagiricum Steud., Syn. Pl. 16 Pe Y TOU: OG IA Vol. 20, no. 1 Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 334, sphalm. 1855. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum,. 2: [Cyp.] 271 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 585 & 661—663. 1856; Korn. in Nart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 505. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 377 (1947) and 19: 348, 412, & 491. 1970. ERIOCAULON ODORATUM Dalz. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 581, 583, 586, & 683-68). 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 508. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 349. 1970. ERIOCAULON ORYZETORUM Mart. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 1840; Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 552 & 613. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26h. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 270 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 583, 585, & 639-61. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 501 & 503. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 493. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 61 (1948) and h: 1102. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 85 & 91 (1969) and 19: 42h & hh7. 1970. ERIOCAULON PALLIDUM R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom, Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Emm. Pl. 3: 570 & 613. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 265. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 273 & 33. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 561, 585, & 635. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 285, 286, & 291. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 39. 1970. ERIOCAULON PALUSTRE Salam. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: (Cyp.] 280 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 599. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 288, 291, 475, 80, 500, & 506, pl. 61, fig. 1. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 349. 1970. ERIOCAULON PANAMENSE Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 321, 350, 357, & 363. 1939; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 326 (ashe), 4 me (1948), and h: 111. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3 e 1969. ERIOCAULON PARKERI B. L. Robinson ° Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 321, 348, 349, 353—360, 362, & 363 (1939), 2: 91 (1948), and 3: 80. 1949; Lehr, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 96: 721. 1969; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 19: 39--350. 1970. Additional citations: VIRGINIA: Nansemond Co.: Fernald, Long, & Clement 15238 (Mi). ie ERIOCAULON PELLUCIDUM Michx. or Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon plukenetianum Bong. ex Korn. in 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 17 Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 47h. 1863. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313. 1821; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 4, 16, & 17. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 1840; Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: sho, Sl, 559, & 613. 1841; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 268 & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 588—590. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 474. 1863; Robinson & Fern., Rhodora 11: 0. 1909; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl., ed. 2, 169. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 09. 1970. Gillet & Findlay describe this plant as common in floating bogs in Labrador, with white flowers, blooming there in July. Additional citations: LABRADOR: Gillet & Findlay 571 (N). QUEBEC: Pontiac Co.: Marie-Victorin, Rolland-Germain, & Blain 12), (Mi). Be So DIE Ae eee ERIOCAULON PLUMALE subsp. KINDIAE (H. Lecomte) Meikle Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 55. 1963; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 42: 1517. 1963; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1962: 29. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 10. 1970. Additional citations: REPUBLIC OF GUINEA: Boismare 385 (Herb. Chillou 3903] (An); Chillou 64 (An), 717 (Rf). ERIOCAULON PUBIGERUM Bong. Additional & emended bibliography: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 28. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 1840; Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 575 & 61h. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 267. 1852; Steud., syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 279 & 33h. 1855; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 425. 1969. ERIOCAULON PULCHELLUM Korn. 4 Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 580, 585, & 62162). 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 283. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 10 & 68. 1970. ERIOCAULON PUSILLUM R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom, Bot, Phan., ed. 1, 313 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 571 & 614.1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 266. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 273 & 33h. 18553 Korn., Linnaea 27: 580, 585, 616, 618, & 621. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 283. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 10.1970. ERIOCAULON PYGMAEUM Soland. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 585. 1840; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 570 & 613. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 265--266. 1852; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 273 & 334. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: sh & 617-618. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 286 & 291. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 10. 1970. 18 PAY -TOrL, OG TA Vol. 20, no. 1 ERIOCAULON QUINQUANGULARE L. Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon argyraeum Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 1840. Eriocaulon triangulare Bernhardi ex Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 557 & 614, in syn. 181 [not E. triangu- lare L., 1762]. Eriocaulon argenteum Wight ex Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 557 & 612, in syn. 181. Eriocaulon argenteum Mart. & Wall. ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 264. 1852. Eriocaulon ee Nepalia Wall. ex Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 614, in syn. 18y1. Additional & emended bibliography: Henckel, Nom. Bot. 68. 17973 Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 110. 1805; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313. 1821; Bong., Ess. Monog. Er- foc. 2& 8. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 554, 556—558, 567, 612, & 61). 1813; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26h. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 271—272, 333, & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linmaea 27: 581, 585, 638, 639, 641-645, 647, 648, & 652. 1856: Korn. in Mart.. Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 280, 283, 285, 501, 503, & 505. 1863; Seshagiri Rao, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55: 437. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 377 (197) and 19: h10—-h11, 418, 120, Who, Luo, L62, 77, & h88. 1970. Kunth (181), on page 61) of his index, lists an "Eriocaulon quinquangulare e Nepalia Wall." and cites it to page 558, where it does not seem to appear, but apparently he intends it as a synonym of E. argenteum Mart., which is now regarded as E. quin- quangulare L. Steudel (180) regarded E. striatum Lam. and E, trilobum Ham- ilt. as synonyms of E. quinquangulare L., but the former is a valid species and the latter is now known as E. sollyamm Royle, ERIOCAULON QUINQUANGULARE var. MARTIANUM Wall. Additional bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Emume Pl. 3: 558 & 613. 181; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 271 & 33. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 285. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 32, 435, & 47. 1969. ERIOCAULON RAVENELII Chapm. Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 322, 349, 354, 360, & 362 (1939), 2: 91 & h9k (1948), 3: 80 (19h9), and 19: 11. 1970. ERIOCAULON ROBUSTIUS (Maxim.) Mak. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 375--377 & ae ns 2: 493 (1948), 3: 143 & Lyh (1949), and 19: 412 & ERIOCAULON ROBUSTUM Steud. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud,, Syn, Pl. Glum, 2: [Cyp.] 271, 272, 333, & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 586, 658, & 674—676. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 508. 1863; Mol- denke, Phytologia 19: 12. 1970. 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 19 ERIOCAULON ROSULATUM Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 298, 86—188, 500, & 507, pl. 61, fig. 3. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 91. 1969. ERIOCAULON ROUXIANUM Steud. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum, 2: [Cyp.] 270—271 & 334. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 580, 585, & 626—- 627. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 285, 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 91. 1969. ERIOCAULON SCARIOSUM R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313 (1821) and ed. 2, 1: 586. 180; Kunth, Emm. Pl. 3: 568—S71 & 61h. 181; D. Dietr., Syne.Pl. 5: 265, 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum, 2: [Cyp.] 270, 273, & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 585 & 652-655. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 500& 503. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 493 & Lok (19,8) ee 19: )12— i113. 1970; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 459. 1970. ERIOCAULON SCHIEDEANUM Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 492—l93 & 508. 1863; woldenke, Phytologia 1: 322—323, 350, 351, & 360 (1939) and 19: 32 1970. ERIOCAULON SCHIPPII Standl,. Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 323, 350, & 361. 1939; Standl. & Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 375—377. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 13. 1970. ERIOCAULON SELLOWIANUM Kunth Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon sellowiamim var. q@ Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 485--\86. 1863. Eriocaulon sellowiamm var. ? Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 485—]86. 1863. Additional & emended bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 545, 56, & 61h. sla D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 269 & 33h. 1355; Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; SR in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 279, 280, 476, 483, 485—486, 493, & 507, pl. 61, fig. 2. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 375 (a9), 2: 9h (1948), and 19: 101—10h. 1969. ERIOCAULON SEPTANGULARE With. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon septangulare With. & Burm. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 334. 1855. Eriocaulon septangu lare L. ex Korn. in lart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 29. 1863. ~~ Additional & emended bibliography: hese oa Nom. nat Phan., ed. 1, 313 & 550. 1821; Bong., Ess. nee. Erioc. 4h, 8, 9, 13, 16, & 17. 1831; Steud., Rant Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586. 18h05 Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 540—5l1, 557, 568, als, “& 61h. 18h13 De Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glun. 2: [Cyp.] 268 & 33h. 20 POH OY TVOLL.O'G Ps Vol. 20, now. 1 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 58), 588-590, 592, & 596. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 280 & 502—505. 1863; Robinson & Fern., Rhodora 11: 0. 1909; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 323-327 & 38-—364 (1939), 2: 373, 377, & 379 (1947), 2: 491 & LO (1948), and 3: 80 & 142. 1949; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl., ed. 2, 169. 1969; Molden- ke, Phytologia 19! 13-1) & 460. 1970. ERIOCAULON SETACEUM L. Additional & emended bibliography: Henckel, Nom. Bot. 68. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 110. 1805; Steud., Nom. Bot, Phan., ed. 1, 313. 1821; Bong., Ess. Monog. Er- ioc. 2 & 13. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 586. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 549, 550, & 61). 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26h. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 270 & 334. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 578, 58h, & 601-60). 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 476, 501, 505, & 508. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 1h. 1970. ERIOCAULON SEXANGULARE L. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon quadrangulare L. ex Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30, nom. nud. 1797. Eriocaulon hexangulare L. ex Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30, nom. nud. 1797 [not E. hexangulare Kunth, 1893, nor Wall., 1937]. Eriocaulon nitidum Hort. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586, in syn. 1840. Eriocaulon wallichianus Mart. & Wall. ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 265. 1852. Eriocaulon inquangulare Lour. ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 265. 1852. Additional & emended bibliography: Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797; Henckel, Nom. Bot. 68. 17973; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 110. 1805; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313. 1821; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 2, 3, & 8. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586 (1840) and 2: 37. 1841; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 551-~552, 557, 558, 563--567, 569, 613, & Ol. 18h]; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 26h & 265, 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: (Cyp.] 270—272, 333, & 33h. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 578, 579, 583, 584, 586, 613--618, & 687—691. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 280, 286, 288, 289, 293, 475, 501, 503, 505, & 508. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 378 (1947), 2: 493 & bok (1948), 3: 1h3 (1949), and 19: LIke his, 43, 450, 452, 475--78, b8h, & 491. 1970. It is very probable that the E. quinquangulare Lour. listed by Dietrich (1852) and described by him as "culmo 5-angulari; fol. ensiformibus; capitulo globoso basi truncato albicante. In Cochinchina. (\" is merely a misprint for E. quadrangulare Lour. and therefore belongs in the synonymy of E. sexangulare L. Steudel (180, 181) gives E. tenue Hamilt. and Leucocephala spathacea Roxb. as synonyms of Eriocaulon sexangulare L., but these two names belong in the synonymy of E. cinereum R. Br. in- stead; in his 1821 work he lists E. striatum Lam. as another synonym, but this is regarded by me as a distinct and valid spe- cies. 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 21 ERIOCAULON SOLLYANUM Royle * Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon trilobum Ham, ex Korn., Linnaea 27: 581, 585, 645-67, & 652. 1856. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 581, 585, 645--647, & 652. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 283, 501, 505, & 506. 1863; K. U. Kramer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33. 1963; Mol- denke, Phytologia 19: 40, 452, & 478. 1970. ERIOCAULON SONDERIANUM Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 586 & 669-671. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 300 & 503. 1863; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 53, 55, & 776. 18973; Mol- denke, Phytologia 19: 423 & 457. 1970. ERIOCAULON SPARGANIOIDES Bong. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 601. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 499--500 & 508. 1863; Mol- denke, Phytologia 19: 0. 1970. ERIOCAULON SPRUCEANUM Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 488--,89 & 507. 1863; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 129). 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 0--2. 1970. The Garcia-Barriga & Jaramillo Mejia 17128 collection cited be- low is a mixture with f. viviparum Moldenke,. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Garcia~Barriga & Jara- millo Mejia 17128, in part (Ac). Tar ee ERIOCAULON SPRUCEANUM f. VIVIPARUM Moldenke me in a previous installment of these notes is actually a mixture with typical E. spruceanum Korn, ERIOCAULON STELLULATUM Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 579, 58h, 620—-621, & 692. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 28) & 475. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: Wh2—h,3 & 6h. 1970. ERIOCAULON STRIATUM Lan. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 272, 585, & 650—652. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 286 & 505. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: kh7—lk9. 1970. ERIOCAULON TENUIFOLIUM Klotzsch Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon tenuifolium Kunth ex Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 489, sphalm. 1563. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 600. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 489, 96, 498, & 507. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 92 (1948) and 19: 4Sh--l56. 1970. 22 Pe TO. OG Tek Vol. 20, no. 1 ERIOCAULON TEXENSE Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 58 & S94--596. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 476 & 503. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 327, 350, 354, & 360 (1939), 2: 153 (1946), 2: 373 (1947), and 19: 459-461. 1970. The Lonard 1956, distributed as E. texense, is actually E. decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke. Rei ERIOCAULON THUNBERGII Wikstr. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 586 & 677—679. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 293. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 62 & 486. 1970. ERIOCAULON THWAITESII Korn. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon mariae Fyson, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 191): 331. 191k. a Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 580, 585, & 627—628. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 285. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 43, 462—h64, 476, 477, & 483. 1970. ERIOCAULON TRANSVAALICUM N. E. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: N. E. Br. in Thiselt.- Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 53, 5h, & 776. 1897; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 458, 66, 467, & h69—L71. 1970. ERIOCAULON TRUNCATUM Hamilt. Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 581, 585, & 630--631. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 283—287, 298, 503, & 505. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 376 (1947) and 2: 493 & Loh. 1948; Brunig, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 307 & 311. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 6h, 473— 480, & 482. 1970. ERIOCAULON WIGHTIANUM Mart. Additional bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 585, 658--661, 663, & 669. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 503. 1863; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 12948. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 490--492. 1970. ERTIOCAULON WILLDENOVIANUM Moldenke : Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 578, 583, 584, 586, 598, & 690-691. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 288, 7h, 505, & 506. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 379 (197), 2: 49k (1948), and 19: 492--496. 1970. At the very beginning of his description Kunth (181) states "E. longifolium Nees ab Esenb. in Willd. herb. no. 2369. (excl. frustulo dextro?). Folia subpedalia, 2 lineas lata. Vaginae )— 1/2 -pollicares. Pedunculi 12--15-pollicares. Bracteae, flores feminei (masculi a me haud visi) et semina prorsus ut in planta Chapelieriana infra descripta, nisi sepala interiora pilos- 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 23 iora et semina perspicuis et densius hirtella, praesertim humec- tata." This apparently is a different collection from the 2359 which he cites later in the description. It would appear that no. 2369 was labeled E. longifolium and no. 2359 was labeled E. sexangulare in the Willdenow herbarium. The . Chapelier specimen seen by me in the Berlin herbarium and cited below, does not match well the majority of specimens ascribed to E. willdenovia~ mum, since its leaves are short but narrow. Its label is in- scribed "E. scariosum Br." and its flowers are described as "tet- randrous", The type of E. sexangulare Willd. is "Willd. herb. no. 2359. fol. 1. (excl. frustulo dextro od certissime E. quin - lare.)" ee to Kunth (18h). The E. aa a in naeus is, of course, a valid species, but the homonyms referred to in the synonymy of E. willdenovianum and attributed to "Auct." and to Martius are synonyms of E. cinereum R. Br., that credited to Burman is E. minimum Lan., and that credited to Heyne is E. infirmum Steud. The Hooker (1893) reference in the bibliography of this spe- cies is often dated "189", but actually pages 49-672 of this work appeared in 1893. Merrill (1921) cites the Hallier refer- ence to volume "2),\" in error. The Erlandsson reference (19);2) is sometimes cited as "190", but the pages involved here actually were not issued until February 25, 1942. Erlandsson also unites what he calls E. longifolium es *with E. sexangulare L. Maximowicz (1893) says "Ee longi folium Nees herb. in Kunth, Emm. III, 567. Koernicke in Linnaea, XXVII, 690, quod areata e Hongkong (Fortune! n. 120), Malacca (Cuming! 15 et Ceylon! , ab E. Wallichiano distinctum dicitur floribus dimeris et bracteis acutiusculis nec breve acuminatis, sed in specimine Fortuneano horti bot. Petrop. video, cum Benthamio, flores trimeros dimeris vix rariores, bracteae autem mihi eaedem visae sunt." Hochreutiner (1908) cites Guillot 20 from Madagascar, but this collection proves to be E. sexangulare _ L. and is so cited by me in this present series of notes. Hallier (1916) cites C uming 2328 from the Philippine Islands, but this collection has also proved to be E. sexangulare. Merrill (1921) cites Hallier 1172, Korthals s.n., Schlechter 13209, and Teijsmann 11556 from Borneo and Clemens 9635 from Sabah. Van Royen (1959, 1965) cites Van Royen Look, 4501, 4838, & 4909 from New Guinea. Vaterial of E E. wilidencyiane has been misidentified and dis- peslesed in herbaria as E. australe - Br. On the other hand, the nee —_ >= Ss — sexangulare L, and E. truncatum Hamilt.; and Ujoberg 211 is E. 2h, PAY O10 '@ Pw Vol. 20, no. 1 willdenovianun f. viviparum Moldenke. Citations: MADAGASCAR: Alleizette s.n. (P); Chapelier s.n. (B); Decary 1780 (P), 5306 (P), 6457 (FP), s.n. (P); Geay 7918 (F), 8163 (P); EB Humblot , 348 (B, P); P Petit-Thouars 2 (P)3 F Pi Thompson 150 (Br). CEYLON: Alston 1069 (Ca—360966, K); J. ieasee 55 (W— 145306); G. W. Walker sen. [Herb. Hook.] (Ut--l16). Ta Smitinand ¢ & . Abbe be 6158 [He [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 238] (Z); Spren- sen, Larsen, & H Hansen 723 (S)- MALAYA: Johore: Franck 389 ae Wavasea" Ga Gaudichaud 100 0 (B); W. Griffith s.n. (B). Pahang: M. R. Henderson 2),038 (N). Singapore: Kuntze 6063 (N); Schottmiiller 116 (B). State undetermined: Burmann s Son. moaCvE V, V). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Balambangan: De De , De Wood 1725 (Ca—-2)156)) . Banka: Teijsmann 346 H.B. (Ut-—321). Celebes: Kjellberg 3797 (S, S). Sabah: Burbidge son. (D—82285). Sarawak: Clemens & & Clemens 20822 [field no. 71:50] (N). Sumatra: Rainer-Kesselitz Se n. [Feb. 85) (V—h653); Toroes 285 (W--16809l,6). MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Dutch New Guinea: Van n Royen 4501 (N). Papua: Brass 5751 (Ca—-1157997, N), 5752 (Ca—-1157996, N, W—1943115), 7603 (N), 7936 (N), 7951 (ny, , 8576 (N), 8638 (). Sudest Island: — Brass - 28178 (W-—21,09103) . ~ LOCALITY OF | OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Herb. Hooker s.n. (K). ERIOCAULON WILLDENOVIANUM f. VIVIPARUM (Moldenke) Moldenke Synonymy: Eriocaulon longifolium f. viviparum Moldenke, Phy- tologia 7: 86. 1959. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 86. 1959; Moldenke, Ré- sumé Suppl. 1: 13 & 25. 1959; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 35: 1608. 1960; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.l: 592. "1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 17: 6. 1968. Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb to 10 inches tall, growing on rocks below waterfalls, flowering and fruiting in February. Citations: INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Borneo: Mondi 278 (Ut--32lla--type). Sarawak: Mjoberg 211 (Ca—23h172, N); Native collector 74 (W—12905 39) 5 Purseglove P P5568 (N). ERIOCAULON WILLIAMSII Moldenke | Bibliography: Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 20 & 36. 1937; Mol- denke, Phytologia 1: 327—328, 350, 359, & 363. 1939; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 1yl—12. 19)0; Moldenke in Wood- son & erie Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 31: 68. 19h; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 326. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Brice. & 42. 196; “wid & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 86. 197; Mol- denke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 736 (1949) and \: 1133. 1919; Moldenke, Known. Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 36, 1, & 206. 19,9; Standl. & Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 375 & 377. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 43, 8, & Oh. 1959. 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 25 Emended citations: BRITISH HONDURAS: W. C. Meyer 134 (F— 635926) . ERIOCAULON WOODII N. E. Br. Synonymy: Eriocaulon natalense Schinz, Mém. Herb. Boiss. 10: 76. 1900. Eriocaulon latifolium Nees apud Schinz, M4m. Herb. Boiss. 10: 76, in syn. 1900 [not E, latifolium Arech., 1902, nor Bong., 1831, nor J. Sm., 1809]. Bibliography: N. E. Br. in Thiselt.—Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 53, 57, & 776. 1897; Ruhl. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27: 70 & 77. 1899; Schinz, Mém. Herb. Boiss. 10: 76. 1900; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 61, Ge an, 286, & 288, fig. 8. 1903; Thiselt.- Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. paler 190h; Engl. & Drude, Veget. Erde 9 (2): 263. 1908; Marlot, ai S. Afr. : 66. 1915; Stapf, Ind. homie 32°91. 19305 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 22, ‘i & h2. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2 122, 206, & 207. 191493 H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 150 151, & 267, pl. 8, fig. 5. 1955; Moldenke, Résumé 153, 290, & Li8h. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 3. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 32h, 342, bhS, lub, & 466. 1970 ae Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 71, fig. 8. 1903; Engl. & Drude, Veget. Erde 9 (2): 263. 1908; Marlot, Fl. S. “afr. hs 66. 1915; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 65: pl. 8, fig. 5. 1955. The type of this species is J. M. Wood 3053, collected in a swamp near Murchison, Natal, South Africa. Brown (1897) notes that "This appears to be an ” aquatic species. In the Kew speci- mens, the flower heads of which are somewhat malformed, the re- ceptacle is flat and appears to be glabrous. The flowers may not have attained their normal development, but the remarkably flaccid, denticulate sepals well distinguish this from all other South African species." The E. latifolium of Smith, referred to in the synonymy above, is a valid species, but the homonym accredited to Arechavaleta is a synonym of E. arechavaletae Moldenke, while that of Bongard belongs in the synonymy of Paepalanthus serralapensis Moldenke. Hess (1955) suggests that E. woodii may be conspecific with E. stoloniferum Welw.; if so, then the Welwitsch epithet would have to be displaced by the ieee E. woodii. Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h- 30) 2:71, fie. 8:(B)is ERIOCAULON WOODII var. MINOR Ruhl. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 70 & 288. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 22 & 2. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 122 & 207. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 70. 1951; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 151. 1955; Moldenke, Résumé 153 & Bh. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1): 3. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 46. 1970.” 26 PBs, TO, E60G, Tok Vol, 20, no. 1 Wild describes this variety as stoloniferous, growing both on wet riverbanks and in the water itself. It has been found at al- titudes of 500--1665 meters, flowering and fruiting in October. Rudatis 1420 in the Munich herbarium is inscribed "Eriocaulon woodii N. E. Br., nov. sp.", but this collection is not the type collection of E. woodii as designated by Brown. The type of E. woodii var. minor is J. M. Wood 52h, deposited in the Berlin her- barium. The comment by Wild, mentioned above, is of particular inter- est in view of the suggestion by Hess (1955) that E. woodii N. E. Br. and E. stoloniferum Welw. may be conspecific. iar Additional citations: RHODESIA: Wild 5521 (Mi). SOUTH AFRICA: Natal: Rudatis 1420 (Mull, S, S); J. M. Wood 52h (B--type, Z— isotype) . ERIOCAULON WOODSONIANUM Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 27: 268--269. 190; Moldenke, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 31: 67. 19hh; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. & 42. 196; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 163. 196; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 86. 1947; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 29. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], ll & 207. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 70. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 8 & 8). 1959. Recent collectors describe this species as an herb with white flower-heads, growing in moist areas with standing water and mad, flowering in February. Additional citations: PANAMA: Herrera: Stern, Eyde, & Ayensu 1701 (Mi, W—2)90216) . mana Li ERIOCAULON XENOPODION Koyama Synonymy: Eriocaulon xenopodium Koyama ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 20, in syn. 1967. Bibliography: Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. 8: 374—375 & 377, pl. h. 1956; Moldenke, Résumé 178 & 8). 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 52. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 20. 1967. Illustrations: Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. 84: pl. h. 1956. The type of this distinctive bulbous species was collected by Bunz6 Hayata at Nayak, Thailand, on December 16, 1921. Koyama (1956) notes that "This strange taxon is outwardly allied to E. ubonense by its heads. Seeing herbaria, I at first thought that the above sheets were mixture of some heads of Eriocaulon and vegetative parts of Xyris, so large ana distinct tuber this species has.'* Larsen and his associates collected the species in sphagnum bogs at 1350 meters altitude. It has been collected in flower and fruit in July and December, Citations: THAILAND: Hayata s.n. [Doi Step, 22/XII/1922] (2); Larsen, Smitinand, & Warncke 2 (Ac, Rf). ERIOCAULON XERANTHEMUM Mart, Synonymy: Eriocaulon pygmaeum Dalz. in Hook., Kew Journ. 3: 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 27 281—282. 1851 [not E. pygmaeum Korn., 1863, nor Mart., 1841, nor Soland., 1809]. Eriocaulon xeranthemum Mart. & Wall. ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 264. 1852. Bibliography: Mart. in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 29. 1832; Wall., Numer. List 208 ("207"]. 1832; Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal. 409. 180; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 586. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 555 & 614. 1841; Dalz. in Hook., Kew Journ. 3: 281—282. 1851; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 264. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [cyp-] 270 & 33h. 1855; Kérn., Linnaea 27: 580, 585, & 62h—626. 1856; C. Mull. in Walp., Ann. 5: 926 & 935--936 (1860) and 6: 1171. 1861; Dalz. & Gibs., Bomb. Fl. 280. 1861; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 283 & 503. 1863; Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 2 (k): 2h. 1888; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 584—-585. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 879 & 880. 1893; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 1, 1127. 1903; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 65, 96, 287, & 288. 1903; E. D. Merr., Bibl. Enum. Born. Pl. lll. 1921; Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 200, 201, & 317. 1921; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa 6: 1067 & 1070. 1924; C. E. C. Fischer in Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras, ed. 1, 9: 1614 & 1620. 1931; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 879 & 880. 19h6; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 23. ak, 26, 27, 39, & 42. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 125, 127, 129, 139, 145, & 207. 1949; Mol- denke, Phytologia 3: 470. 1951; C. E. C. Fischer in Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras, ed. 2, 8 [3]: 112), 1127--1128, & 1333. 1956; Moldenke, Résumé 159, 160, 163, 165, 180, 192, 291, & 48h. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 11. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 879 & 880. 1960; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 2, 2: 849. 1963; Subramanyam & Henry, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 21). 1966; Sebastine & Ramamurthy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 176. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 8 (1967) and 16: 9. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 18: 122, 250, 310, & 428 (1969), 19: 36 (1969), and 19: 348, 468, 476, & 477. 1970. Illustrations: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 201. 1921. Eriocaulon xeranthemum is based on W. Gomez 5 & 6, which were distributed as Wallich 608la & 608lc, from Nepal and from Tavoy {the latter locality being in Tenasserim, Burma], respectively, although Martius' original description (1832) says "Crescit in Napalia (N. Wallich 1821); in Tavoy (W. Gomez)" — the "1821" ap- pears to be the year when the collection was made, rather than a number. The W. Gomez 6 sheet in the herbarium of the Jardin Bo=- tanique de 1'Etat at Brussels has a letter attached from Wallich to Martius, dated January 17, 1832. Wallich (1832) actually cites three collections under this name: "608la Napalia 1821; 6081b Silhet hD; 608lce Tavoy W. Gam." The E. pygnaeum of Solander, referred to in the synonymy a- bove, is a valid species, but the homonym attributed to Kornicke is a synonym of E. koernickei Britten, while that attributed to Martius is in the synonymy of Paepalanthus bifidus (Schrad.) Kunth, oat Tae ier Wile a ak a 28 PHYTO Ty ONG SEHR Vol. 20, no. 1 It should be noted that Hooker (1893) places E. xeranthemoides Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. in the synonymy of E. xeranthemum Mart., but this name belongs more properly in the synonymy of E. togotnse Moldenke, an African plant. The description and discussion of E. xeranthemum by Fyson (1921) are worth quoting here: "Leaves 2/3 —- 1/2 in. Scapes slightly longer or shorter. Disc of head 1/10 —-1/8 in. Invol- ucral bracts much longer, glistening white. Receptacle globose, floral bracts broadly obovate truncate, hairy at the tip. Female sepals narrow 3 equal or unequal or 2 only.....Central Himalayas, Nepal; Assam, Khasia, Peninsular India, Malabar, Cochin, etc. Hooker in F. B. I. describes the receptacle as hairy, but wrongly. Martius.....says the hairiness is the only real reason for dis- tinguishing E. xeranthemoides from this species. Hooker also gives the sepals as 2. Koernicke......gives them as 3, but un=- equal. I find both the petals and sepals of the female flowers very in size among themselves and one sepal may be linear or ab- sent." The species has been found growing in swampy ground among grasses, at altitudes of 50 to 000 feet, flowering and fruiting in July’ and September. Prain (1903) records it from Chota Nagpur and refers to it as "An annual, terrestrial, tufted herb". Se- bastine & Ramamurthy (1966) report it as abundant" in Kerala and cite their no. 1361, while Subramanyam & Henry (1966) cite their no. 8658 from Madhya Pradesh. Merrill (1921) cites Gibbs 3077 from Sabah. The initial letter of the specific epithet of both scientific binomials involved is often uppercased by some authors, but without any valid reason. Material of this taxon has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as E, minutum Hook. f. On the other hand, the Stocks, Law, &c. S.n. (Malabar, Concan &c.], distributed as E. xeranthe-_ nun, is | actually E. heterolepis Steud., while Herb. Bot. Surv. India s.n. [27.9.56] is E. truncatum Hamilt. ~ Additional citations: NEPAL: W. Gamez 5 (Br—cotype); Wallich 6081 (Mu--265--cotype), 6081la (M—-cotype). INDIA: Bombay: Santa- pau pau 2928 (N, Xa); Stocks, Law, &c. 15 (B). Khasi States: Hooker & & Thomson s.n. [Mont. Khasia. 000 ped.] (Br, M, Mu—26h, S, Sei 93611b). Mysore: S. N. Ramaswamy 12 (Z). BURMA: Tenasserim: W. Gomez 6 (Br--cotype, N--photo of cotype, Z--photo of cotype); Rhind 231 (N); Wallich 6081¢ (B—cotype) . ERIOCAULON YAOSHANENSE Ruhl, Bibliography: Ruhl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 1043—10). 1930; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 87. 1933; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Brioc . 25 & 42. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- trib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 132 & 207. "1993 Moldenke, Résumé 170 & 48h. 1959. 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 29 ERIOCAULON YOSHINOI Nakai Bibliography: Nakai, Bull. Géogr. Bot. 21: 139. 1911; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 97. 1921; Nakai & Honda, Nov. Pl. Jap. 6: 12 & 87. 1940; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 26. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 13h & 207. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 173 & 8h. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 97. 1960. ERIOCAULON YUNNANENSE Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 221, 376, & 379. 197; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2j, 132 & 207. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: ),70--471. 1951; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 88. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 170 & 4,8). 1959; E. H, Walker, Bibl. East. Asiat. Bot. Suppl. 1: 235. 1960. ERIOCAULON ZAMBESIENSE Ruhl. Synonymy: Eriocaulon zambesiana Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 32, in syn. 1962. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27: 70 & 75—-76. 1899; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (-30): 61, 73, & 288. 1903; H. Lecamte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 571, & 572 (1908) and 55: 648. 1909; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 21, 22, & 42. 1946; J. Hutchinson, Botanist South. Afr. 99. 1946; Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 113, 119, 120, & 207. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 138, 149, & 48h. 1959; Moldenke, ae Suppl. 3: 16 & 32. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 259. 1969. Hutchinson (196) cites his no. 3648. The Herb. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire 10358, distributed as E. zambesiense, is actually the type collection of E. latifolium f. proliferum Moldenke, while Bojer 79 is E. sollyanum Royle. Citations: TANZANIA: Tanganyika: Stolz 2326 (S). MALAWI: Whyte s.n. [Mt. Zomba] (B—cotype, Z--cotype). ERIOCAULON ZOLLINGERIANUM Korn. Synonymy: Eriocaulon alatum H. Lecomte, Journ. de Bot. 21: un OONe )) ALOR) earn, Bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 583, 586, & 682-683. 1856; C, Mill. in Walp., Ann. 5: 926 & 95 (1860) and 6: 1171. 1861; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 289. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 880. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 66, 99, & 288. 1903; H. Lecamte, Journ. de Bot. 21: 10h, 105, & 132, fig. 1 & 2. 1908; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 7: 232. 1912; E. D. Merr., Fl. Manila 136. 1912; H. Leconte, Fl. Gén. Indo-chin. 7: 18, fig. 2. 1912; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pl. 1: 192. 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82. 1913; Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 320. 1921; Prain, Ind. Kew, Suppl. 4, pr. 2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- trib. Erioc. 26, 27, 42, & 61. 1963 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 880. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 377. 30 PR EL YutyO)L) OG: Deh Vol. 20, now 1 1947; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 62 (1948) and 3: 80. 19h9; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], lh & 207. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 181 (199) and : 339. 1953; Van Royen, Nov. Guin., new ser., 10: 22, 36, 38, & 43—lh, fig. 4 T. 1959; *Moldenke, Résumé 175, 18, 190, 201, 179, & 8h. 1959; Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 13. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 880. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 20, 23, & 2h. 1962; Van Royen, Nov. Guin. Bot. 1h: 67. 1965; Thani- kaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 183. 1965; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 3: 25anD6, 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia "17: 385 (1968), "19: 13--1,, 43, 65, 86, & 91 (1969), and 19: 329. 1970. Illustrations: H. Lecomte, Journ. de Bot. 21: 105 & 132, fig. 1 & 2. 1908; H. Lecomte, Fl. *aén. Indo-chin. 7: 18, \fige 29) 19nes Van Royen, Nov. Guin., new ser., 10: 36, fig. k T. "1959. Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1968) give a partial de- scription of this species: "Interfloral bracts acuminate or cus- pidate, cuneate-obovate; receptacle more or less pubescent; basal bract of peduncles firmly appressed, with an obtuse, entire mouth; heads ovoid-globose, 4—5.5 mm. by 2.5—l mms involucral bracts ovate, obtuse; &: sepals 3; connate into a unilaterally split sheath, entirely e; petals 3, unequal, ciliate, below the top with a gland; : sepals 3, two of then navicular with a keeled-winged back, the 3rd rudimentary, linear, caducous; pet- als 3, rather obtuse, glandless. Leaves linear, obtusely acum- inate, 6—8 cm by 2—3 1/4 mm. 0.12——-0.30. Long ago collected near Tijikoya (W) on the mud of a wood-brook, afterwards never found again." Lecomte (1908) says of it "Se rapproche de E. sexangulare L., mais n'a que deux sepales au lieu de trois a la fleur femelle" and cites Thorel s.n. from Bassac, in Indochina, as the type of E. alatun. He also notes "Nous Diavons aussi reconures dans Itherbier de Pierre, comme venant de la Cochinchine du Sud". Van Royen (1959) was the first botanist to unite E. alatun with the older E. zollingerianum and his composite description is therefore of particular importance: "Herb up to 30 cm. Leaves linear-ensiform, 2—-8 by 0.2—0.l cm, acuminate, 7—-ll- nerved, fenestrate, glabrous. Peduncles up to 30 cm long, 5- ribbed, twisted, glabrous, sheath 2.5—5 cm long, glabrous. Heads ovoid-oblong or ovoid-globose, 2.5—6 by 4--5.5 mm, in- volucral bracts obovate or oblong, c. 1.5 by 1 mn, rounded, glabrous, the inner bracts subacute, floral bracts broadly o~ vate or obovate-cuneate, ce. 1,6. by 5 mm, indistinctly acumin- ate-cuspidate, glabrous; receptaculum with long white hairs. Flowers: sepals 3, tubuliformly united, but the two lateral ones united only up to a half, c. 1.7 mm long, rounded, irregu- larly serrate, glabrous or with a few hairs on the crest of the lateral sepals; petals 3, tubuliformly united, c. 1.2 mm long, the free lobes unequal, obtuse, fimbriate or entire at apex; stamens 6, unequal, anthers black. QFlowers: sepals 3, lateral ones boatshaped, ce 1.2 by 1 mn, acute, broadly crested, crest at apex irregularly serrate, the abaxial wing broader than the 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 31 adaxial wing, with long white hairs at inside, median sepal lin- ear, 0.7 mm long, obtuse, glabrous, often soon caducous; petals 3, free, oblanceolate, c. 1.2 by 0.2 m, acute, slightly fimbriate near apex; ovary 3-celled; style 1 with 3 branches. Seeds ellip- soid, c. 0.2 mm long, pale yellow, hairy. Distribution. Indo China, Java, Luzon, Celebes, New Guinea." He cites Van Royen 3601 & 3970 in ae Leiden herbarium, N.G.F. 6172 & Womersley 3658 at +f Lae, e, and Brass 78) in the herbarium of Arnold Arboretum and at Galden) all from New Guinea. He dates Kornicke's work as "185", but 186 was the actual date of its appearance. Fyson (1921) says "E. alatum (in Herb. Calc. Coll. Col. Pirie Cochin China;) with glistening ovoid heads and female sepals as in E. cuspidatum Dalz. There are also in Herb. Calc. two other sheets one Coll. Loher. No. 1602 in Philippines is very similar to the E. alatum (above) but the wings of the female sepals are coarsely toothed. The other has a label 'ex herb. hort. Kew' and a mumber 1168, but no other identification mark. Two of the fe- male sepals a are crested, one not deeply boat-shaped and not crested." Recent collectors have encountered this plant on high plateaus from 200 to 00 meters in altitude, flowering and fruiting in January, April, August to October, and December, and record the vernacular name "chuk nok yung". Brass describes the heads as brown and says the plant is common on wet grass plains in New Guinea ; Schmid found it in "terrain sableux en bordure d'une riviére". I have personally found the glistening stramineous o- void flowering heads of this species most characteristic and helpfully distinctive. Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as E. merrillii Ruhl. and E. truncatum Hamilt. On the other hand, the Loher 1602, cited d below, is a mixture with something in the C Cyperaceae aad Loher 6987 te a mixture with E. cinereum R. Br. Citations: THAILAND: Bunnal 571b [Roy. Forest Dept. 1826] (Bk); Larsen 825 (Z); Sérens nsen, Larsen, & Hansen 78) (Cp), 8070 (S). INDOCHINA: Annam: Schmid 19a la (N). Cochinchina: Pierre s.n son. (Cochinchina] (N). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Loher 1602, in part (Mu—379, W--389001); M. Ramos s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bu nar Sci. 1831] (N, W--626710); Reillo s.n Sone - {Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 19270] (N). Island undetermined: Loher her 6987, in part (Mu—l06, W—-713809). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: Fyma 3363 (Ut-—11518b), 3996 (Ut—1151\b). Java: Zol~ ee er 333 (B—type, Z—isotype). Sumatra: H. H. Bartlett 7456 ae ean MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Papua: Brass 7621 (N), N ERIOCAULON ZYOTANII Satake Bibliography: Satake, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: 287——-288 [Shib. Comm. Art. 17: 105106], fig. 2. 1937; Honda, Nom. Pl. Jap. 63. 32 Reb TO) 10 vG; Tek Vol. 20, now 1 1939; Satake in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 6: 6, 12, 25, 78, & 87, fig. 1 H& 9. 190; Satake, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. lj: [Rev. Jap. Erioc.] 16--17, pl. 11, fig. 3. 190; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 86. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 93 & 495. 198; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 13h & 207. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 173 & 8). 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. Be 18 & 19. 1962; Koyama in Kitamura, Murata, & Koyama, Col. Il- lustr. Herb. Pl. Japan 3: 178 & 30. 196. Tliustrations: Satake, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: [Shib. Comm. Art. 17: 105] 287, fig. 2. 1937; Satake in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 6: 6 & 25, fig. 1 H & 9. 1940; Satake, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. }: (Rev. Jap. Erioc.] pl. ll, fig. 3. 190. Satake (1937) records the vernacular name "izunosima—-hosikusa" for this plant. The species is based on Y. Zy6tani s.n., collec- ted on the island of K6zusima, province of Izu, Honshu, Japan, in July, 1936, and deposited in the herbarium of Tokyo University. Thus far the species appears to be known only from the original collection and is presumed to be endemic at the type locality. LACHNOCAULON Kunth Synonymy: Sacnocaulon Cuthbert ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 71, in syn. 1951. Bibliography: Walt., Fl. Carol. 83. 1788; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797; Michx., Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 166. 1803; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. nies 1614; Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nova, 2: 866. 1817; Nutt., Gen. 1: 90. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 & 313. 1821; S. Ell., Sketch Bot. 2: 566. 182); Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 776. 1826; Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., sér. 6, 1: 628, pl. 42. 1831; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. & 13. 1631; Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 189. 180; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586. 180; Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 497— 498, 612, & 614. 181; Lindl., Veg. Kingd., ed. 1, 122 (186) and ed. 2, 122. 1817; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 283 & 30. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 56l—571. 1856; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 2, pr. 1, 489 & 717 (1856), ed. 2, pre 2, 89 & [619] (1858), and ed. (ae pre 5 89 & asi lke 1859; A. We Chapme, Fl. South. U. Sey ed. 1, pr. 1, 502—-50 & 612. 1860; C. Mull. in Walp., Ann. 5: 920—921 & 957 (1860) and 6: 1203. 1861; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. h2], pr. 1, 730 & 827. 1861; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 3, 489 & [619] (1862) and ed. h, pr. 1, 489 & [715]. 1863; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 2], pr. 2, 730 & 827. 1863; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 286, 288, 29), 295, 301—302, 500, 503, & 503. 1863; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. , pr. 2, 489 & [619]. 186); A. W. Chapm, Fl. South. U. S., ed. 1, pr. 2, 502—50h & 612. 1865; A. Wood, Class—book, [ed. 42], pr. 3, 730 & 827 (1865) and pr. h, 730 & 827. 1867; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 5, pr. 1, 5h9, 550, & 687 (1867) and ed. 5, pr. 2, 549, 550, & 689. 1868; LeMaout & Decne., Trait. Gén. Bot. 598. 1868; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 2], pr. 5, 730 & 827 (1868) and pr. 6, 730 & 827. 1869; Van Heurck & Mull .-Arg. in Van Heurck, Obs. Bot. 1: 108. 1870; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. h, pr. 3, 489 & [619]. 1870; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 33 42], pre 7, 730 & 827. 1870; A. Wood, Am. Bot. & Flor., ed. 1, pr. 1, 30 & 355 (1870), pr. 2, 355 & 32 (1871), and pr. 3, 355 & 432. 1872; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 2], pr. 8, 730 & 827. 1872; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 1, pr. 3, 502--50 & 612. 1872; Hook. in LeMaout, Decne., & Hook., Gen. Syst. Bot. 871 & 873. 1873; A. Wood, Am. Bot. & Flor., ed. 1, pr. h, 355 & 32 (1873), pr. 5, 355 & 432 (187k), and pr. 6, 355 & 432. 1875; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 2], pr. 9, 730 & 827. 1876; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 5, pr. 8, 5h9, 550, & 689 (1878) and pr. 8 [9], 5h9, 550, & 689. 1880; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 42], pr. 10, 730 & 838. 1881; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 1020, 102h, 1239, & 12h. 1883; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 2, pr. 1, 502— 50h & 68) (1883), pr. 2, 502——SOh & 68 (188k), and pr. 3, 502— 50h & 684. 1887; Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 2 (4): 25 & 27. 1888; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 2, pr. h, 502--50 & 684. 1889; S. Wats. & Coult. in A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 6, pr. 1, 566, 567, & 755 (1889) anc pr. 2, 566, 567, & 755. 1890; Morong, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 18: [351]—353 & 360— 362. 1891; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 2, pr. 5, 502—50h & 714. 1892; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877 & 879 (1893) and 2: 19. 1894; Baill., Hist. Pl. 12: 402. 189); L. H. Bailey in A. Gray, Field For. & Gard. Bot., ed. 2, 456. 1895; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 1, 1: 371, 373, & 603, fig. 903 (1896) and 3: 537 & 51. 1896; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 3, 529-531 & 650. 1897; N. L. Britton, Man., pr. 1, 237, 238, & 1068 (1901) and pr. 2, 237, 238, & 1068. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 13—16, 19, 22, 25, 29, 30, 2h0—2)2, 28), & 288, fig. 36. 1903; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 235. 1903; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 234-235, 1328, & 1358. 1903; N. L. Britton, Man., pr. 3, 237, 238, & 1068. 1905; R. A. Harper, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 17: 268. 1906; N. L. Britton, Man., pr. 4, 237, 238, & 1068. 1907; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 99. 1908; Robinson & Fern. in A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 7, 260—262 & 905. 1908; M. A. Day, Check List 39. 1908; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 2, 234—235 & 1385. 1913; J. K. Small, Fl. Miami 37 & 203. 1913; J. K. Small, Fl. Fla. Keys 28—29 & 158. 1913; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, pr. 1, 1: 453, 455—~—56, & 679, fig. 11h5 (1913) and 3: 575, 581, & 625. 1913; Pollard in N. Webster, New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. 75. 1917; Saunders, Ann. Bot. 39: 158. 1925; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 133. 1929; Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 15a: 5, ho, 49, 55, & 700, fig. 23. 1930; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 4: 22. 1930; Uphof in Karst. & Schenck, Vege- tationsbild. 21 (1-2): n.p. 1930; J. K. Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 255-257 & 1532. 1933; J. Hutchinson, Fam. Flow. Pl. 2: 67 & 238. 1934; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, pr. 2, 1: 53, 455-156, & 679, fig. 1145 (1936) and 3: 575, 581, & 625. 1936; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 17 & 46—50. 1937; Cory, Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 550: 29. 1937; Fern., Rhodora 39: 395 & 80 (1937) and 0: 402. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 316, 317, 328— 331, & 349—363. 1939; Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 6: 4 & 87. 3h Pan ¥ -T0L:07G Lk Vol. 20, now 1 1940; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 28. 191; Durand & J&ks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 235. 191; Moldenke in Lundell, Fl. Texas 3, pr. 1, 3 & 8--9. 192; Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 2, 189. 1943; Anon., Carolin. Florist Gov. J. Drayton S.C. 1h. 193; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, pr. 3, 1: 453, 455-56, & 679, fig. 1145 (1943) and 3: 575, 581, & 625. 1943; Castell. in Descole, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Argent. 3: 72 & 10h. 195; A. C. Martin, Am, Midl. Nat. 36: 533, pl. h. 196; Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata Bot., new ser., 6: [311], 315, & 316. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 25, 32, 41, & 42. 196; Leén, Fl. Cub. 1: 28) & 26. 196; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 13, 15, 25, 29, 33, 37, 0--,2, 6, 55. 57, Sep Wits 80, 90——92, 98, 99; 9 116, 12h, 125, 138140, 16, 166, 169, 187, 199, 211, 215, 226, 23h, 239, 20, 248, 253, 257, 279, 280, 283-287, 290, 292, 293, 295, & 296. 196; Jacks. in Hook, f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 & 879 (1946) and 2: 19. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 153 (196) and 2: 373 & 379. 1947; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, pr. h, 1: 453, 455--456, & 679, fig. 1145 (1947) and 3: 575, 581, & 625. 1947; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 86 & 126. 19h7; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 91 & 9h. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List cit. 2: fog, h12, bok, 456, k59—h61, 473, 475, 476, 478—82, 507, 508, 512, 513, 52h, 531, 536, 5h3, Shs, 548, 559, 568, 572, 576, 583, 585, 604, 617, 630-—632, 639, & 6h1 (1948), 3: 660, 668, 697, 699, 721, 71, 753, 760, 772, 774, 776—778, 806, 808, 813, 822, 825, 827, 81, 842, 850, 877, 886, 89h, 895, 898, 899, 930, 937, 939, 91, 9h2, Shh, 948, & 958 (1949), and h: 990, 1003:,1107, 12990) 1129, 194), 1117, 1998, 1321, 1122, 9125 wader 1135, 1138, 1175—1179, 1181, 1187, 1188, 1191, 1192, 1201, 1216, 1222) 1227? 1231, 12h3--12h5, & 1296. 1949; Moldenke, Known Ge- ogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 6-9, M1, 18, 22, hh, 45, & 207. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 80 & 142 (199) and 3: 471-—- 472 & 492--)96. 1951; Thorne, Am, Midl., Nat. 52: 282. 195k; Core, Pl. Tax. 268. 1955; Angely, Cat. Estat. 10: [2]. 1956; An- gely, Fl. Paran. 10: 8, 9, & 11. 1957; Alain, Revist. Soc. Cub. Bot. 15: 54. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 235. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 9—1), 23, 27, 52, 5u, 285, 287, 291, 293, 302, & 484. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: [1], 2, & 18. 1959; Angely, Liv. Gen. Bot. Bras. 19 & 48. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 877 & 879 (1960) and 2: 19. 1960; Moldenke in Lundell, Fl. Texas 3, pr. 2, 3, 89, 119, & 425. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 160. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Sipps 32.3 (1962), ls .2,.3, & 41 (1962), 5: 2 (1962), and.7eniaae 1963; Hegnauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 2: 153. 1963; Gleason & Cronquist, Man. Vasc. Pl. 183 & 184. 1963; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 155. 1963; Radford, Ahles, & Bell, Guide Vasc. Fl. Carol. 106 & 107. 1964; Melchior in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 12, 2: 556. 1964; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 10: [3]. 196; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 113 & 178. 1965; S. A. Manning, Syst. Guide Flow. Pl. 2h. 1965; Thanikaimoni, Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, new ser., Bel: 9—38. 1965; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 182, 183, 186, & 190, tab. 1. 1965; R. C. Jacks., Reg. Veg. 3: 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 35 33. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: 1 & hh3. 1966; Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict. Flow. ae ed. 7, 611. 1966; Thanikaimoni, Biol. Abstr. 7: 4169. 1966; R. Kral, Sida 2: 315-327 & 331. 1966; Rickett, Wild Wiss 0. So. 2: (2): 135 (1967) and 2 (2): 666. 1967; Moldenke, Ré- sumé Suppl. 16: [1] & 2 (1968) and 17: [1], 10, LL, &19. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 490, 502, & 509 (1968), 18: 253, 268, 376, 381, 425, 426, 437, & 507 (1969), and 19: 75 & 232. 1969} Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. "18:12. 1969; Eleuterius & Jones, Rhodora Tit he 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 2325825, SRL; 332, yi, U6, Lb7, 460, & 461. 1970. This small genus of 11 species and varieties is entirely North American, if Cuba is regarded as an integral part of that conti- nent. The type species is Eriocaulon villosum Michx. [=Lachno- caulon anceps (Walt.) Morong]. The generic name is derived fran the Greek, La Y¥°S and K KUOS, meaning "woolly stem", in allusion iG the white-woolly peduncles of the type species in es typical form. Vernacular names for members of the genus are "bog-buttons" and "hairy-pipeworts". Radford, Ahles, & Bell (1964) key the Carolinian species apart as follows: 1. Mature seeds smOOth. secececesscccceseccccveceeles Deyrichianum, la, Mature seeds cancellate or striate. 2. Heads ) mm. or less broad; seeds 0.5 mm, long.....L. minus. 2a. Heads 5 mm. or more broad; seeds 0.8 m. long.....L. anceps. Kral (1966) recognizes only 5 species from continental North America and separates them as follows: 1. Trichomes of the apices of the receptacular bractlets and per- ianth parts congested with a milk-white substance, this in- parting a pale gray or whitish color to the heads; plants very often long-lived, forming large convex mats of hairy- leaved rosettes, each rosette terminating an elongate- ascending, scaly stem; scapes hairy. 2. Leaves narrowly linear; mature heads seldom broader than ) mm.; seeds dark reddish-brown, very lustrous, the longi- tudinal ribs ObSCUTC....sssesceesscceseeeeeke DOyrichianm, 2a. Leaves linear; mature heads seldom as narrow as 4 mm. and usually paler than the above; seeds not as lustrous, the longitudinal ribs evident......-ssess-secssecceeel. amce la. Trichomes of the apices of the receptacular bractlets and per- ianth parts not congested with a milk-white substance, thus translucent so that the brown bractlets and/or perianth parts impart their own color to the heads; the plants either rela- tively short-lived and short~stemmed or, if long-stemmed, with diminutive Polytrichum-like leaves. 3. Scapes with ascending hairs; heads a dull gray-brown, the hairs of the receptacle and of the flowers so copious as to at least partly obscure the florets (old heads may lose some of the NALS) secsccccccccccccccccccscccccccoebe minus. 3a. Scapes smooth; heads either chocolate-brown or dull-brown, but, if dull-brown, with female sepals yellowish-white and. 36 Psbey -TaOeLa0nG TA: Vol. 20, now 1 hardly obscured by the receptacular hairs and with the gy- noecium 2-carpellary. l. Heads dark chocolate-brown or reddish-brown, usually ob- long by seeding time; gynoecium 3-carpellary; leaves seldom shorter than 2 cm.; the sheaths of the scapes shorter than to about the length of the leaves.......ese L. engleri ° la. Heads pale-brown, usually globose by seeding time; gy- noecium 2-carpellary; Leaves seldom as long as 2 cm.; the sheaths of the scapes longer than the leaves or at least rising above them...ccccccccsccccsscceeLs digynum. His discussion of the genus as a whole is extremely interes- ting and well worth repeating here for the benefit of workers without access to the journal in which it was published: "Dr. Mol- denke (1937) treats 8 species for the United States. However, species such as L. floridanum Small, L. glabrum Korn., and L. eciliatum Small are based on such intrapopulation variables as sepal length (accrescense is here suspected), peduncular tri- chomes, and amount of pubescence on bracts and sepals. Therefore, in this work, such entities are treated as extremes of either L. anceps or L. minus which appear to be the two nuclei for all these variants, _ "In the United States Lachnocaulon may be distinguished read- ily from either Eriocaulon or Syngonanthus by its fine, evidently branched root system in contrast to the relatively unbranched- septate systems of Eriocaulon and the unbranched and fleshy sys- tems of Syngonanthus. Lachnocauvlons of the United States may be divided into two groups on the basis of habitat. One, comprised of L. engleri and L. minus, is usually found in such ephemeral habitats as fluctuating la Take and pondshores, roadbank seepage, borrow pits, ditches, spoilage, and zeologically recent sandy sloughs, particularly along the seacoast. Thus such species tend to be aspect dominant one summer in a given locale, seemingly ab- sent the next. It would appear in such case that their seeds must have to remain viable over extended periods of time, for some of the ephemeral Florida lakes about which they often abound are periodically bone dry. The other group, comprised of L. an- ceps, L. beyrichianum, and L. digynum, appears in more stable situations inland within the coastal plain province as well as a- long the coast and on disturbed situations. They usually are on what appears to be much more acid substrata such as those pro= vided by hillside bogs in the longleaf pine hills, peaty savannas, pine-palmetto flatwoods, and sphagnous bogs. Both L. beyrichianum and L. anceps have a wider range of tolerance to soil moisture in that they may be found on quite dry sandy sites, sometimes even in association with turkey oak (Quercus laevis) ." The A. Chase 10365, distributed as ; Lachnocaulon sp., is actual- ly Paepalanthus Tneams (Bong.) Korn., while Hood 4267, at least insofar as the University of Illinois specimen is is oncerned, is 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 37 Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walt.) Salisb. LACHNOCAULON ANCEPS (Walt.) Morong Figure 6 Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon anceps Walt., Fl. Carol. 83. 1788. Eriocaulon villosum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 166. 1803 (not E. villosum Salzm., 1855, nor Willd., 1856]. Eriocau- lon pubigerum Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., sér. 6, 1: 628, pl. 42. 1831. Lachnocaulon michauxii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 497. 1841. Lachnocaulon michauxi Kunth apud Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 102). 1883. Lachnocaulon anceps Morong apud Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 15a: 55. 1930, Lachnanthes michauxii Kunth ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 471, in syn. 1951. Sacnocaulon auceps Cuthbert ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 471, in syn. 1951. Lachnocaulon villosum Kunth ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 18, in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. : 11, in syn. 1962. Lachno- caulon anceps (Wahl.) Morong ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. TM Bere syn. 1962 [not L. anceps Benth. & Hook. f., 1903]. lLachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Ell. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. : 11, in syn. 1962. Eriocaulon villosum El. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 17: 11, in syn. 1968. Lachnocaulon anceps Walt., in herb. Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Moray, in herb. Bibliography: Walt., Fl. Carol. 83. 1788; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797; Michx., Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 166. 1803; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 92. 181); Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nova, 2: 866. 1817; Nutt., Gen. 1: 90. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312 & 313. 1821; S. Ell., Sketch Bot. 2: 566. 182); Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 776. 1826; Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., sér. 6, 1: 628, pl. 42. 1831; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. & 13. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585 & 586. 180; Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 189. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 497—h98, 612, & 61h. 1841; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glu. 2: [Cyp.] 283 & 340. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: 565—569. 1856; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 2, pr. 1, 489 (1856), pr. 2, 489 (1858), and pr. 3, 489. 18595 A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 1, pr. l, 50). 1860; C. Mull. in Walp., Ann. 5: 920 (1860) and 6: 1203. 1861; A. Wood, Class-Book, [ed. 42], pr. 1,- 730. 1861; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 3, 489 (1862) and ed. 4, pr. 1, 89. 1863; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 500. 1863; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 42], pr. 2, 730. 1863; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. h, pr. 2, 89. 1864; A. W. Chapn., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 1, pr. 2, 50h. 1865; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 42], pr. 3, 730 (1865) and pr. h, 730. 1867; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 5, pr. 1, 550 (1867) and pr. 2, 550. 1868; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. 42], pr. 5, 730 (1868), pr. 6, 730 (1869), and pr. 7, 730. 1870; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. h, pr. 3, 489. 1870; A. Wood, Am. Bot. & Flor., ed. 1, pr. 1, 355 (18705, pr. 2, 365 (1871), and pr. 3, 355. 1872; A- Wood, Class- book, fed. 42], pr. 8, 730. 1872; A» We Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., 38 PylEy oO pL iOuGs TA Vol. 20, no. 1 ed, 1,9prei3, a 1872; A. Wood, Am. Bot. & Flor., ed. 1, pr. h, 355 (1873), pre 5, 355 (187), and pr. a 355. 1875; A. Wood, Class-book, [ed. f2}, pre 9, 730. 1876; A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. By Pre 0, 650 (1878) and pr. 8 [9], 550. “labo, A. Wood, Class- book, [ed. 42], pr. 10, 730. 1881; *Benth, & Hook. fig Gen. Pl. 3 (2): *102h). 1883; A.W. *chapm., Fi, Souther UserSs, Cde 2, Dreul, 50h (1883), pr. 2, 504 (188)); pr. 3, 50h (18873, and pr. 4, 50h. 1889; S. Wats. & Coult. in Ae Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 65 “prs: Las5o7 (1889) and pr. 2, 567. 1890; Morong, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 18: 360 & 362. 1891; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 2, pr. 5, 50h. 1892; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. ey Teor & 879 (1893) and 2: 19. 189); Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 1, 1: 373 & 603, fig. 903 (1896) and 3: 537 & Chl. 1896; A. We Chapn., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 3, 531. 1897; N. L. Britton, Man., pr. 1, 238 (1901) and pr. 2, 238. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich. 13 (4-30): 20-22, 28h, Se2OG aLie. 3 19D die tks Small, Fl. Southeast. U. ce ed. ue 234 & 235. 1903; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, (2355 1903; N. L. Britton, Man., pr. h, 238. 1907; Robinson & Fern. in A. Gray, Man. Bot., ed. 7, 262 & "908, 1908; M. A. oe Check List 39. 1908; Britton & Br., Tllustr. Fl., ed. 2, pr. 1, 1: 455~—l56, fig. ys (1913) and 3: 575, 581, & 625, 1913; oe ke Small, Fl. Fla. Keys 28—29. 1913; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 2, 234 & 235. 1913; Saun- ders, Ann. Bot. 39: 158. 1925; Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 15a: 55, fig. 23. 1930; Stapf, tnd. Lond. ): 22. 1930; J. K. Small, Man, Southeast. Fl. 256 & 207, 1933; Brit- ton & Br., Illustr. Fl., 6d.i2,.pr. 2, 1: i565) Pigs Pip (19s) and 3: Se 581, & 625. "1936; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): b7 & 50. 1937; Fern., Rhodora 39: 395 & 80 (1937) and 0: 02. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 316, 328--329, & 3)9--363. 1939; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 235. 19); Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 28. 191; Moldenke in Lundell, Fl. Texas 3, pr. Le 3'& 89. 1942; Anon., Carolin. Florist Gov. J. Drayton S.C. lh. 19433 Britton & Bre, pblluste.s F1lG) ed. 2s pr. Shas Ubon cere. 1145 (1943) and 3: 575, 581, & 625. 1943; Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 2, 189. 1943; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 & 879 (1946) and 2: 19. rh Leén, Fl. Cub. 1: 28h & 26. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 13, Nise 29, 33, 4O--42, 6, 55; S7, 77,80, 90, 98)" 99, aa ah, 125, 138-140, 164, 166 169, 199, 211,215; 226, 234, 239, 2ho, 2f8, 253, 257, 279, 280, 283, 285-287, 292, 293, 295, & 296. 19h6; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 7 Al 32, i? & 2. 196; *Woldenke, * Phytologia 2: 153 (a9i6) and 2: 373 & 379. "1917; Britton & Br., I1lustr. Fl., ed. 2, pr. h, 1: 456, fig. 1145 (1947) and 3: 575, 581, & 625. 1947; "Moldenke, Phytolog ia 2: 91. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: ),09, Us, jae , id 461, 473 Mie, Sues ih78, 481, 507 508, 513, 52h, sh3, sis, sks, , 576, 583, 585, 60h, 617, eg ap 639, & fat een "3: eae "cea, 697, 699, Wen, 71, 760, 7th, 776—778, 822, 825 827, 81,2, 886, 89h, 895, 898, 899, 937, 939, & 9,8 (1949), and 4: 990, 1003, 1107, 1116, 1112, fa bbls 1118 gf DAS 1122 26. do 1138, 1176-1179, 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 39 1181, 1188, 1191, 1201, 1216, 1222, 1227, 1231, 1243--13h5, & 1296. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 6—9, 11, 18, 22, 45, & 207. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 80 (1949) and 3: 471-72 & 492—l93. 1951; Thorne, Am. Midl. Nat. 52: 282. 1954; Core, Pl. Tax. 268. 1955; Alain, Revist. Soc. Cub. Bot. 15: 54. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 235. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 9-12, 1), 23, 27, SL, 285, 293, 302, & 8h. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: [1], 2, & 18. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 877 & 879 (1960) and 2: 19. 1960; Moldenke in Lundell, Fl. Texas 3, pr. 2, 3, 8--9, 419, & 425. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 3 (1962), h: 2, 3, & 11 (1962), 5: 2 (1962), and 7: [1]. 1963; Gleason & Cronquist, Man. Vasc. Pl. 18. 1963; Radford, Ahles, & Bell, Guide Vasc. Fl. Carol. 107. 1964; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 186. 1965; R. Kral, Sida 2: 315, 316, 319--321, 327, & 331. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: 1 & hy3. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1] & 2 (1968) and 17: [1] & 11. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 490 & 502 (1968) and 18: 253, 268, 381, & 437. 1969; Eleu- terius & Jones, Rhodora 71: 31. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 232, 325, 331, 332, 411, bu6, 47, b60, & 461 (1970) and 20: 8. 1970. Illustrations: Bong., M&m. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., sér. 6, 1: pl. 42. 1831; Britton & Br., Tllustr. Fl., ed. 1, 1: 373, fig. 903. 1896; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 2hi, fig. 36. 1903; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, pr. 1, 1: 56, fig. 1145. 1913; Saunders, Ann. Bot. 39: 158. 1925; Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 15a: 55, fig. 23. 1930; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, pr. 2, 1: 56, fig. D4 (1936), pr. 3, 1: 456, fig. 1145 (1943), and pr. 4, 1: 456, fig. 1145. 197. It should be noted here that L. anceps Benth. & Hook. f. is a synonym of L. digynum Korn., Eriocaulon villosum Sala. (mention- ed also in the synonymy above) is a synonym of Paepalanthus bi- fidus (Schrad.) Kunth, and E. villosum Willd. belongs in the synonymy of Eriocaulon decangulare L. Steudel (1821, 180) re- duces E, anceps Walt. to synonymy both under E. compressum Lan. [as "E. gnaphalioides Michx."] and what he calls "E. villosum Michx." Recent collectors describe this plant as having the flowering heads white or bluish-white, the leaves short, and the peduncles 3 times as long as the leaves, to 1.5 dm. tall. They have found it growing in bogs, open bogs, and shrub bogs, swamps, savannas, grassy open acid savannas, Sphagnum bogs, creek bottoms, peat- sedge bogs, and in argillaceous and siliceous boggy depressions, on seepage slopes in pinelands, wet sandy or gravelly slopes, and sandy-peaty ditch banks, along railroad tracks, and among young pines. It has been found growing in sandy peat of flatwood bogs, in hardwood forests, roadside clearings and ditches, sandy bot- toms, moist ground of savannas, and in low ground and moist sandy soil in general, in sandy openings in Pimus taeda woods, in black Tt) PHY TO, 0.G Th Vol. 20, no. 1 mucky soil of low marshy open areas, and in fine sandy soil of open pastures with grass, small scattered pines, etc. lLakela found it on low seasonally wet and weedy roadsides with Typha, Thalia, Hibiscus, Teucriun, Polygala, grasses, and sedges, border- ed by open Seanad pinelands. Fernald & Long describe it as form- ing a continuous turf in Sphagnum bogs. Cory reports that the species forms mats in wet sandy places in open woods; Correll & Johnston say that it forms large clumps on seepage slopes in savanna areas; Kral found it forming frequent clumps on moist sand of roadside ditches; while Bell encountered it along wet roadsides and in burned-over shrub savannas. Other collectors have found it in moist sand of roadside ditches, in low flat areas, on dry sandy pond margins, in moist grassy areas, roadside clearings, low longleaf pine woods, and low marshy areas in coniferous woods, in ditches, low wet or sandy ditches, and wet drainage ditches, in peaty excavated areas on savannas, in savanna-like grassy areas, by pineland pools, in seepage bogs and springheads, pineland savannas, moist cutover pinelands, low or wet open pinewoods, moist or moist peaty pinelands, and in poco- sins. It grows in low Sphagnum bogs, pine flatwoods, the low borders of sandhills, and low ditches in pine barrens, in the coastal flatwoods, especially in the moist sand of such flatwoods, and in the turkey oak community, at altitude up to 1100 feet, flowering and fruiting from March to September. Iltis 1253, fran Caroline County, Virginia, bears a notation "northermnost station for the species". Buell 193k is obviously very immature, while Chapman C.430 is labeled "Lachnocaulon n. sp.?" peeomed vernac- ular names for the plant are "hat-pin" and "hairy pipewort". Radford, Ahles, & Bell (196) state that in the Carolinas it blooms from May to October and is found in "Bogs, savannas, ditches, low pinelands; chiefly cp. [Coastal Plain]." Harper (1906) records it from Berrien, Coffee, Colquitt, Decatur, Emanu- el, Irwin, Montgomery, and Tattnall Counties, Georgia. The init- ial letter of the specific epithet of Michaux's binomial is some- times uppercased for no valid reason. The white pistillate florets of this plant mingled with the brown staminate ones impart a mixed gray and dark appearance to the flower heads. The overall distribution of the species is on the Coastal Plain from southeastern Pennsylvania (?) and Virginia to Florida, west along the Gulf Coast to eastern Texas, and south to the Isle of Pines. Thorne (195) reports it as "frequent" in "Wet sand of moist pinelands, seepage slopes, and bogs". McDaniel describes it as "common" in $phagnun-Hypericum bogs surrounded by longleaf pines in Forrest County, Mississippi, but only "local" in longleaf pine woods in Stone and "locally common" near pine- woods in Harrison County of the same state. Kral (1966) reduces L. glabrum Korn. and b. floridanum Small to synonymy under L. anceps, but in this disposition I do not follow him. He describes the habitat of the species as "Moist to fairly dry sands, sandy peats or peat of pine flatwoods, savannas, 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceas 1 upper edge of pinelands, pond margins, ditchbanks, lakeshores, and bogs, Florida north to New Jersey, west to eastern Texas." Personally, in my forty years of work on the group, I have seen no material of this species from New Jersey, and Kral does not cite the New Jersey collection on which he bases his statement. Similarly, I am not at all certain that the Schweinitz speci- men, cited below as from Pennsylvania, actually was collected in that state. If it was, the locality is probably destroyed now. The type of the species was gathered by Thomas Walter in "Caro- lina" [probably South Carolina]. Kral (1966) discusses this species as follows: "There are dif- ficulties in distinguishing smaller-headed versions of L. anceps from L. minus or from L. beyrichiamm. These, however, will have the clavate-whitened, hair on the bracts and sepals to distin- guish them from the former, and a definitely ridged-and-striate seed to distinguish them from the latter. Also, none of the other Lachnocaulons have, in their older, 'seeding' heads, the property of well-exserted bracts and female sepals. This imparts a 'chaffy' look to late summer inflorescences. "J. K. Small (1903) described L. floridanum as a species dis- tinct fron L, anceps on the basis of its glabrous scapes and smaller, grayer, r, heads. Examination of specimens so identified as well as the type ('Fla. Lake Co.: lake, Eustis, Nash 1981') together with a field study of panilations of south Florida Lachnocaulon have served to convince me that such differences are not consistent, in that they may vary broadly within a single population. Such is the case in populations of these in Manatee, Martin, Sarasota, St. Lucie, De Soto and Charlotte counties in peninsular Florida. The type specimen is itself an immature ex- ample, hence the anther measurements which are used as one basis for distinguishing the species are of young, accrescent, struc- ture. The glabrous peduncles which are supposed to distinguish L. glabrum from L. anceps are not consistently glabrous in the above mentioned counties of Florida." Material of L. anceps has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria under the names Duptaya flavidula (Michx.) Kuntze, Eriocaulon compressum Lam., E. E. decangulare L. L., E. gnaphaloides Michx., E. kornickiamm Van Heurck & Muell Arg., E. ravenelii Chapm., E. revenelii Chapm., E. septangulare With., E. texense Korn., Lachnocaulon digynum Holm, L. glabrum Korn., La minus (Chapm,) Small, and Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx. )R Ruhl. On the othen hand, the S. M. Tracy 7586, distributed as L. anceps, is actually the type collection of L. anceps f. glabres- cens cens Moldenke, Beyrich s.n. [Ebenezer, 8/7/1833), Fo Fox & Boyce 3780, ¥..G. ieaaiiisia la S.n. n. (Mar.—June 1875], and B. le Wa . Wells — Sen. ipancens 6/7/1945] are L. beyrichianum Sporleder, Curtiss ss 6201 and F. H. Sargent s.n. {June 19, 1950] are L. mims is (Chapm.) small, Ge Owens Owens 154 an and A. Ruth s.n. [De Soto Falls, July 1898] 2 Poa AY TO%, 0G Ek Vol. 20, now 1 are Eriocaulon lineare Small, Tharp 1343 is E, texense Korn., and S. B. Jones s.n. . [8 Ma May 1960] is Syngonanthus f flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. Schallert 16912 is a mixture of Lachnocaulon anceps and Syngonanthus flavidulus. Additional citations: PENNSYLVANIA: County undetermined: Schweinitz s.n. [e Pensylvania] (Mu--321). VIRGINIA: Caroline Co.: Iltis 1253 (Ws). Greensville Co.: J. T. Baldwin Jr. 11,808 (N); Fernald & Long 8630 (Ok, S); Mikula 3425 (N), 8687 (N); Smith & Hodgdon s.n. [Plant. Exsicc. Gray. 1028] (Ca—717803, Hi--2193h, Hi--51,013, Ms--83593, Ok, S, Se--201223, Ut--69802b, Ws). King & Queen Co.: Mikula 57h8 (N). Nansemond Co.. Fernald, Long, & Cle- ment 15239 (N). Prince George Co.: Fernald, Long, & Smart 5698 (S). Southampton Co.: Mikula 8009 (N). Sussex Co.: Fernald & & Long 8181 (Mi). NORTH CAROLINA: Beaufort Co.: Fox, Whitford, & Price 260 (No—12h9); Wood & Clement 6939 (St), 6969 (Hi—E116h) « Bladen Coe: Ahles 456/48 (U (Ur); Ahles & . Haesloop 29106 (Hi-- 135330); Davis & | Davis 10498 (We); gals R. Moldenke 462 (Fg); Oos- ting 3555 (Hi). Brunswick Co.: C. Re Bell 13282 (Hi—1353)0) ; R. Ke Godfrey 48391 (No--17465). Chowan Co.: Ahles & Duke 47911 (Hi—135337). Columbus Co.: C. R. Bell 12712 (Hi--135339); A. E. Radford 095 (Hi--l:7813). Craven Co.: A. E. Radford 3762 (CEES 135343). Cumberland Co.: C. R. Bell 219 (Hi--3370k); Fox & God- frey 2616 (N); Radford & Stewart s.n. [Oct. 8, 1939] (Hi--13h77); Ripley & y & Barneby 7326 (N). Duplin Co.: A.C. Giecheen sen. [June 6, 1932] (Hi). Greene Co.: A. E. Radford d 36643 (Hi--135328) . Harnett Co.: Fox & Godfrey 2557 (. (N); H. Laing 5h ing 15) (Hi—118261) ; A. E. Radford | 42769 (Hi--136140). Hoke Co.: Ahles & Neuber 250L6 (Hi--118263). Iredell Co.: i. E. Hyams s.n. [Statesville] (ER Dt). Johnston Co.: Houten & - Schoenmakers 3 978 (Ut--52777a)5 Ae E. Radford 2788) (Hi--118264). Jones Co.: vile E. Radford 36927 (Hi--135335, Hi--135336). Lee Co.: S. Stewart 835 (Hi--135330). Lenoir Co.: A. E. Radford 25628 (Hi--118265) ; Randolph & Randolph 785 (Vi). Martin Co.: J. A. Drushel 10812 (Ur), s.n. [5/29/35] (No--206 36) ; A. E. Radford 30323 (Hi--135331). Montgomery Co.: A. E. Radford | 19499 (Hi—135323)~. Moore Co.: Blankinship Sone [Southern Pines, July 18, 1895] (Lb--206),). New Hanover Co.: B. W. Wells s.n. Couns Ze 192] (No—2638). Onslow Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 2813) (Hi--135327). Pamlico Co.: R. K. Godfrey ey 448295 (No—-17)67); A. E. Radford 35806 (Hi--135333). Pender Co.: Ahles & Haesloop at (Hi--135326); A A. E. Radford 51h9 (Hi--50209). Pitt Co.: M. C. Helms 1011 (Hi--170130). Richmond Co.: A. Ee Radford 1423 (Hi-—118266) . Robeson Co.: Blomquist & Wilbur 15183 (N); Britt 2297 (Hi--167120); Terrell 3066 (Hi--118267). Sampson Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 30030 (Hi--135329). Scotland Co.: 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 3 Ahles & Hammond 24,910 (Hi--118269); Radford & Stewart 455 (Hi— 21284). Wake Co.: Buell 1934 (No—26)6) ; R. K. Godfrey y 3989 (No- 2640); Morris s.n. {Raleigh] (Ca--379008). Washington Coe: . A. E. Radford 38849 (Hi--137367) ; Wood & Clement 6939 (Hi-—-51188). Wayne Co.: e? Duke 2637 (Hi--1347L2) 5 A. Ee Rai ford 25471 (Hi—- 127339). Wilson Cos: A. E. Radford 1 35596 (Hi--135332), 38101 (Hi--13533h4), Ubl06 (Ms—-l)7415). County undetermined: Collector undetermined s.n. fats (S33 G. McCarthy s.n. [Julio 1885] (Hi). SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken Co.: Eggert sen. [25 May 1899] (Ut—799b). Allen- dale Co.: Ahles & Bell 12573 (Hi—137393). Bamberg Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 26059 (Hi--118253) . Barnwell Co.: Batson & Kelley 35 (Hi--1)0172, Hi—10173), s.n. [June 13, 1952] (Hi—1L0171), s.n. [June 27, 1952] (Hi--1L017h), | sen. [July 1, 1957] (Hi—1)0175). Berkeley Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 2628 , 261,28 (Hi—1182¢),, Se—-199100) ; Ravenel s.n. [Santee | Canal, July] y) (Ms--15492). Charleston Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 25665 (Hi-~118256) 5 Cabanis s.n. [near Charles- ton] (B). Chesterfield Co.: A. E. Radford 12435 (Hi—116255). Clarendon Co.: A. E. Radford 24510 (Hi--1353h2). Colleton Co.: C. R. Bell 228) . (Hi--133982). Darlington Co.: We C. Coker s.n. [July 5, 1909] (Hi); J. B. Norton s.n. [July 8, 1920] a(BL),, Sn. (Apr. 26, 1921] (Hi); Radford & Stewart 01 (Hi—15971, N); B. E. Smith s.n. [5/25/32] (Hi—77050). Dillon Co.: Ahles & Haesloop _ 27043 (Hi—135325). Dorchester Co.: Ahles & Haesloop . 26318 (Hi— ae Edgefield Co.: A. E. Radford 26527 (Hi—1182 Florence Co.: C. R. Bell 7568 (Hi--118259); Ravenel s.n. [Flor ence, July 1879] (Br). Georgetown Co.: Godfrey & Tryon 51 (Ca-- 957182) ; A. E. Radford 21,968 (Hi~—118260). Hampton Co.: ae R. Bell 2531 (Hi—-133980). Horry Co.: C. R. Bell 778 (Hi-~118262) ; Houten & | & Schoenmakers 10)2 (Ut--52776a) . Kershaw Coe: H. D. House House 26h) (E). Lexington Co.: A. E. Radford 233h4 (Hi—133981) . Marion Co.: C. R. Bell s.n. [July 2 , 1958] (Hi—-1353)1). Marl- boro Co.: A. ae , Radford 125uh (Hi—-118268, N). Orangeburg Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 2543) (Hi--139)35). Sumter Co.: A. E. Radford 2387 (Hi~13532h). Williamsburg Co.: A. Ee Radford 24720 (Hi-- 118270). County undetermined: Beyrich s.n. . (Carolina] (B); Bosc sen. (Carolina, 1807] (B); Herb. Durand s.n. (Ms--1549h). GEORGIA: Calhoun Co.: R. F. Thorne 3589 (N), 4571 (Vi), L68k (Ca—906388). Clay Co.: R. F. Thorne 3669 (We). Clinch Co.: Re. Kral 2289 (N). Dodge Co.: Biltmore Herb. 27554 CS). Douglas Co.: Cronquist 54,2) 54,2) (Ca--777561, Mi, N). Glynn Co.: Harmer 851 (S). Grady Co.: A. A. R. Moldenke 303 (Fg). Jeff Davis Co.: A. Re Moldenke 351 (Fg). Lowndes Co.: A. R. Moldenke 317 (Fg, S). Miller Co.: R. F. Thorne 196 (Mi), L217 (Mi, W (Mi, We), 4h26 (Ca— 906389, N, Vi). Pierce Co.: R. Kral 21150 (N). Screven Co.: A. hh Pao YoENOUEGO @ Tek Vol. 20, no. 1 R. Moldenke 11) (Fg). Sumter Co.: Ro M. Harper 43 (Ms—15))96) . Ware Co.: A. Re Moldenke 31 (Fg). ~ County undetermined: Ellis s. n. [Georgia] (Ws). FLORIDA: Bay Co.: R. F. Martin 1708 (N). Bradford Co.: Meebold 28103 (Mu). Clay | Coe: We Me Me Canby s.n. SNe [Hibernia, March 1869] CDs sn. [Hibernia, 1869] (Ca——21680)) . Dixie Co.: R. K. Godfrey 59650 (H (Hi—155059), Duval Co.: Curtiss 3021 (Ca—2h23, Ms--15)95, Mu—373, Vi), 4139 (Ca--59h16), » 4861 (Ca—115161); Lighthipe 173 [Herb. Umbach 10992] (Ws), sen. . [So. Jacksonville, Apr. 13, 197) (S). Franklin Co.: R. K. Godfrey 55718 (Hi--102375, Vi); Godfrey, Reese, & Redfearn 53425 (Hi— 157561, N); A. R. Moldenke 293 (Fg). Gulf Co.: R. K. Godfrey 57102 (Ca--112h99) . Highlands Co.: Meebold 2810) (Mu). Hills- borough Co.: Lakela 25369 (N). Lake Co.: G. V. Nash 1ghe2 (Mim—— 7954). Levy Co.: Godfrey & Lindsey 56981 (Ca—1125h7); K Kral & Kral 6918 (N). Liberty Coe: Chapman Col 30 (W-—9 36872) 5 he Bs Rel Moldenke mke 280 (Fg), 285 (Fg). Manatee Co.: Perdue 1765 (Ca—s 49688, Rf, U Ur, Ut--61198b). Marion Co.: Meebold 28098 (Mu); Pe 0. Schallert 547 (Mu). Okeechobee Co.: R. Kral 20178 (N). Os— ceola Cos: Re Kral 20468 (N); Schallert 16912, i in part (Ut-— 89890b) ; Singletary s.n. sen. [Feb. 29, 1936] ~(No—-2633) « Pasco Coe: Armstrong & Armstro & Armstrong $.. sen. (Crystal Spring, July 10, 1922] (E— 91158) ; P. Wiegand 78h ( (St). Saint Johns Co.: Godfrey & Lind- sey 56960 (Ca—-112),76); | M. C. Reynolds s.n. [Mar.—June 1875] (Ms—15493). Santa Rosa Co.: Kral & Redfearn 293) (Hi--11131h). Sumter Co.: R. Kral 685) (Hi--13222),, N). Volusia Co.: R. Kral 20443 (N), 20453 (N). County undetermined: Bory de St. Vincent sen. [Fla. or or Miss.] (V, V); Herb. Chapman s.n. [Florida] (Ok). ALABAMA: Baldwin Co.: S. B. Jones | sen. [7 May 1960] (Hi--210888) ; We Wolf s.n. [Elberta, “July Eee 1926] (Ca—81813). Duval Co.: Curtiss 3021 (Mm——7952), 4861 (Mm--7953). Escambia Co.: X. M. Gaines 165 ( (N). Mobile Co. G. L. Fisher s.n. [Mobile, May TE 1928] (Ew). Montgomery Co.: Olds — Sone en. (Montgomery, 3.20.9) (Ws) . County undetermined: Buckley s.n. [Alabama, July 180] (Br, Br), s.n. (E). MISSISSIPPI: Forrest Co.: S. McDaniel 3162 (N), 3237 (MN). George Co.: Ahles & Bell 7720 (Ur); Demaree 33388 (2). Ha: Han- cock Co.: Demaree 35223 (Ss). Harrison Co.: S. McDaniel 3122 (N); Woodson & Anderson a515 (E—-93)599). Jackson Co.: Demaree 28670 (N), 30716 (N), 32035 (Le), 35061 (Ss); Diener 180 (Ur); H. Je ae 129, (H (Hi—~196296) ; 3; S. M. Tracy 5031 (Hi—2),867) . Lamar Co.: Jon Jones & 2 Reyne 1232) (N). Pearl River Co.: Jones & Rey- nolds 11957 (N), 11960 (N); R. Kral 17332 (N); S. McDaniel 3220 (N). Stone Co.: = ae 3111 (N). LOUISIANA: Beauregard Par.: Ewan 21065 (Ac); R. Kral 20156 (N), 20197 (N); Kral & Ricks 16991 (N). Rapides Par.: R. Kral 20069 (N). Vernon Par.: Gregory 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae Ts & Eiten 23 (N); R. Kral 20039 (N); R. McVaugh 8457 (Mi). TEXAS: Angelina Co.: Correll & Edwin 16499 (Rf); Correll | & Wasshausen 27518 (Ld). Hardin Co.: Cory 52778 (N, Rf, Se—12715h), 57125 (Gg); R. L. Crockett 560 (Id); Lundell & Lundell 11152 Gai; Tharp & & Tyson Sn. [ June 27, 1952] (St). “Jasper Co.: | De. Se Cor- rell rell 27111 11 (Ld); C Correll & Correll 12522 (Rf); Correll & & Johns= ton 19643 (Rf); Correll, Ogden, & Svenson 28113 (Ld); ae We W. Gould 5838 (Ca—978706) . Saeton Ce: Correll, Johnston, & Edwin 22288 (1a); Tharp 44346 (S). Tyler Co.: ea Dare S. Correll ‘3728 (a (Mi); Tha: Tharp, Turner, & Johnston 5955 (Id, St). “ISLA DE PINOS: : Ekman 1210 Can LOCALITY OF COILECTION UNDETERMINED: Hooker sen, [s. States] (B). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kornicke (B). LACHNOCAULON ANCEPS f. GLABRESCENS Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 160. 1962; Moldenke, Ré- sumé Suppl. 3: 3. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A 62 LSS. 19633 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1]. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 1. 1970. Kral says of his collection, cited below: "a mixed population of smooth and hairy scape", found in moist sandy peat of slash pine and saw palmetto flatwoods ditchbank, with the flowering heads "gray-white". Material of this form has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria under the name L. digynum Holn. Citations: FLORIDA: Manatee Co.: S. M. Tracy 7586 (B—isotype, Ca—181776—isotype, Mi--isotype, N--type, S--isotype, Ws—~iso- type). Martin Co.: R. Kral 201,20 (N). LACHNOCAULON BEYRICHIANUM Sporleder Bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 567—568. 1856; C. Mull. in Walp., Ann. 5: 920 (1860) and 6: 1203. 1861; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 295. 1863; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 102). 1883; Morong, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 18: 361 & 362. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 19. 189; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): *2h0 & 388, 1903; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 23h & 235 (1903) and ads 2, 234, & 330. 1913; J. K. Small, Man. * Southeast » Bi612560.) 19335 Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): h6 & 9. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 329, 39, 356, & 360. 1939; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 19. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 207. 19,6; Moldenke, Known Geogr. eters Erioc. 2, 3, & h2. 196; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 850. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 8, 9, & 207. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 93. 1951; Moldenke, Résuné 10——-12 & 8h. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 19. 1960; Moidenke, Résumé Suppl. : 2. 1962; Radford, Ahles, & Bell, Guide Vasc. Fl. Carol. 106 & 107. 1964; R. Kral, Sida 2: 317—319 & 331. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: 3. 1966; Molden- ke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1]. 1968. Illustrations: R. Kral, Sida 2: 318. 1966. Recent collectors have found this plant growing on sand hills, L6 Pon YO OG? 7a! Vol. 20, no. 1 in sand on back dunes, at the open edges of bogs, in turkey oak communities, in dry sandy pinelands, and in moist coarse sand, flowering and fruiting in June and July. Kral says of his Saint Lucie County (Florida) collection: "frequent on rather dry sands of slash pine - saw palmetto flatwoods with L. anceps and L. minus nearby", and of his Volusia County collection: "in large tufts, nearby are L. minus and L. anceps but these are more abun- dant on disturbed sands". In his 1966 work he says of L. beyrich- ianun: "Sands, sandy peats and peat of pine flatwoods, moist pine- land | savannas, pineland pond margins, lakeshores and rather dry oak-pine barrens, central Florida north to southern North Caroli- na (Bladen Co. ).eee.sThe affinities of this species to L. anceps are at once evidenced by its habit, habitat, leaf and scape indu- ment and, especially by its white-clavate perianth trichomes. Yet the leaves of L. beyrichianum are consistently narrower, and its seeds comparatively smooth and lustrous. Such differences, though seemingly minor, appear to hold even in mixed populations of the two." Radford, Ahles & Bell (196) state that in the Carolinas the species flowers from May to September and is found in "Sandy shores of pools, very rare". They record it from Alabama, but cite no collection to back up this claim. In forty years I have seen no material of it from Alabama. They distinguish it from the other Carolina species by its mature seeds being smooth, not cancellate or striate. The type of the species was collected by Heinrich Carl Beyrich at the edges of a swamp near Ebenezer, Effingham County, Georgia, on July 8, 1833. The isotype specimen in the Berlin herbarium was annotated as L. anceps by Ruhland in 1900, Jackson (189) reduces L. beyrichianum to to synonymy under what he called L. mich- auxii Kunth, which is what we now know as L. anceps (Walt. 2) Mo= rong. Material of L. beyrichiamm has been misidentified and dis- tributed in herbaria under the names L. anceps (Walt.) Morong, L. glabrum Korn., L. michauxii Kunth, and | L. minus (Chapm.) Small, On the other hand, the R. Kral Kral 20418, distributed as Le beyrich- pets ee Geet & & 1855 are L. minus . (Chapm. ) Small, “Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Bladen Co.: Buell & West 1742 (No--26)3); Fox & Boyce 3780 (N, No--29707); Re K. Godfrey s Se n. n. [White Lake, 6-20-1937] 37) (No——2639) . New Hanover Co.: R. K. Godfrey 1,680 (No--26))7) « Pender Co.: A. C. Martin s.n. (Burgaw, 5/17/1925] (No—26),2) ; B. W. Wells s.n. [Rowes Bridge, Burgaw, 7/ 13/1927] (No—-26)1), sen. [Rowes Bridge, Burgaw, 6/9/1929] (No 2637), sen. (Burgaw, 6/7/1945] (No--2636). SOUTH CAROLINA: Horry Co. Woy" C. Coker s.n. [Myrtle Beach, June 23, 1931] (Hi—2),072) . GEORGIA: Effingham Co.: Beyrich sn. (Ebenezer, 8/7/1833] (B— isotype). FLORIDA: Saint Johns Co.: M. C. Reynolds s.n. [Mar.— 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae Li7 June 1875] (Ca--22). Saint Lucie Co.: R, Kral 20378 (N). Vol- usia Co.: R. Kral 2041 (N); Tomlinson 10-6-63 D (Ft—272). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kornicke (B). LACHNOCAULON CUBENSE Ruhl. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 22: 34. 1925; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 133. 1929; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 46 & 48. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 329, 351, & 355. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 5 & 42. 196; Leén, Fl. Cub. 1: 26) & 426. 196; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 187. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], Lh & 207. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 52 & 84. 1959. Additional citations: CUBA: Las Villas: Ekman 17118 (S—type). LACHNOCAULON DIGYNUM Korn. Additional & emended synonymy: Lachnocaulon anceps Benth. & Hook. f. apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 22 & 288, in syn. 1903 [not L. anceps (Wahl.) Morong, 1962, nor (Walt.) Ell., 1962, nor (Walt.) Moray, 1970, nor (Walt.) Morong, 1891]. Eriocaulon digynum Korn. ex Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 806, sphalm. 1949. Lachnocaulon digynum Holm ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 15, in-syns 1959. b Bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 570—571. 1856; C. Mull. in Walp., Ann. 5: 921 (1860) and 6: 1203. 1861; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 286, 288, & 29). 1863; Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. in Van Heurck, Obs. Bot. 1: 108. 1870; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 102). 1883; Morong, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 18: 362. 1891; Jacks, in Hook, f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 19. 189); Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 13, 16, 20, 22, & 288. 1903; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 23) & 235 (1903) and ed. 2, 234 & 235. 1913; Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam., ed. 2, 15a: 55. 1930; J. K. Small, Man, Southeast. Fl. 256. 1933; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 6 & 48—l9. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 329, 350, 358, & 360. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 3 & 42. 196; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 19. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 491. 1948; Mol- denke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 160 (1948) and 3: 806. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 9, 11, & 207. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 493—9h. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 12, 14, 302, & Bh. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 18. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 19. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 3. 1962; R. Kral, Sida 2: 315--317 & 325--327. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: 3. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1]. 1968. Illustrations: R. Kral, Sida 2: 326. 1966. The L. anceps (Walt.) Morong, referred to in the synonymy a- bove, is, of course, a valid species of which the various variants in accredition there listed are synonyms. Morong (1891) says of L. digynum "I have not seen specimens of this. Kornicke attrib- utes it to Alabama, from whence it was sent by Bentham....It is regarded by Benth. and Hook. 1. c. as probably a depauperate form 48 Pi oN LO, L10 sG. Tk Vol. 20, no. 1 of L. anceps, with heads not yet well developed, but it appears to me to come much nearer to L. Beyrichiamm. Fresh specimens are very desirable." On the labels of his collections, cited below, Kral says that he found this plant growing "on exposed wet sands of seepage bogs", "on bulldozed sandy peaty pineland pond margin", and "on wet sandy peat of seepage by pine flatwoods pond". He describes the "heads dull gray-brown" and notes that the "plants have leaves startlingly short and Polytrichum-like". In his 1966 work he de- scribes its habitat as "Wet acid exposed sands and sandy peats or seepage bogs, pineland pond margins, ditches and roadbanks, coast-— al plain, northwestern Florida west to southern Mississippi. Type. Alabama. This species, which is particularly abundant in the wet pine flatwoods country about Pensacola, Florida, has the smallest leaves of all the Lachnocaulon of the United States. The small rosettes, densely aggregated on slender ascending rhizomes into bright green, convex tufts of sometimes hundreds of individuals, remind one of some of the larger Polytrichums. The 2=-carpellate condition of the gynoecium is consistent throughout all samples of this species so far examined, there being no evidence at all of any aborted third carpel either in the ovulary or in the style branching. The only other species of Lachnocaulon which I have found in association with this one is L. anceps, from which it is readily distinguished in the field by its glabrous or almost glabrous scapes, its shorter stature, and its darker, smaller heads." It has been collected in flower and fruit from July to September. The S. M. Tracy 7586, distributed as L. digymn, is actually the type collection of L. anceps f. glabrescens Moldenke. Additional citations: ALABAMA: Baldwin Co.: W. Wolf s.n. [El- berta, Aug. 21, 1925] (Ca--8)181)). FLORIDA: Bay Co.: R. Kral 15667 (N). Escambia Co.: R. Kral 1763) (N), 23169 (N). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kornicke (B). LACHNOCAULON ECILIATUM Small Bibliography: J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 23h, 235, & 1328. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 99. 1908; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 2, 234 & 235. 1913; J. K. Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 256—-257. 1933; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 46 & 49. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 330, 349, 352, 354, & 356. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 3 & 42. 196; Mol- denke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 42, 138, & 257. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 9 & 207. 1993 Moldenke, Phy- tologia 3: 49). 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 12 & 8. 1959; R. Kral, Sida 2: 315 & 321. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: 43. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 37. 1969. Recent collectors have found this plant growing on the sandy shores of small lakes, flowering and fruiting in January and June. Material of it has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as L. glabrun Korn. and Eriocaulon ravenelii Chapm. The 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae Lg R. M. Harper 8, cited below, is a mixture with L. engleri Ruhl. Kral (1966) reduces L. aekinatne to synonymy under L. mims (Chapm.) Small, which see in these series of notes for his dis- cussion of his’ reasons for so doing. However, on the label of Kral 17747 from Walton County, Florida, he suggests that L. ecil- iatum may | may be a natural hybrid between ie engleri and L. minus. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Lake Co.: Bright 382 3642 (Ws). Putnam Co.: R. M. Harper 7 (W--513490), 8, in part (W—513)91) . Walton Co.: Curtiss 3022 Tca—189378—isotype, Mu—37h--isotype). LACHNOCAULON EKMANNII Ruhl. Synonymy: Lachnocaulon ekmanii Ruhl. apud A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 133. 1929. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 22: 3h. 1925; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 133. 1929; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. Lg "CLs ie & 47. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 317, 330, 351, 355, & 360. 1939; Moldenke Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 5 & 2. 1916; Leén, Fl. Cub. 1: 28h, & 426. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cits: is 91, 92, & 187 (196) and 3: 930. 199; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], hh & 207. 19h9; Moidenke, Phytologia 3: 494. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 52 & 8h. 1959; Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 18: 12. 1969. As ’ pointed out by me previously [Phytologia 1: 330. 1939], Ruhland apparently spelled the specific epithet of this taxon "ekmannii" purposely and I see no valid reason for "correcting" it. The so-called "correction" of the original spellings of scientific names is most highly undesirable and should be avoided wherever and whenever possible since various "experts" often "correct" spellings differently and this can lead to almost end- less confusion. There is practically no end to the number of names that could and would be "corrected" if this practice were to become established. Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Ekman 18132 (S), 18757 (N--photo of type, S—type, Z--photo of type). LACHNOCAULON ENGLERI Ruhl. Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon maritimum Chapm. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 330, in syn. 1939. Lachnocaulon glabrum Chapm. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 330, in syn. 1939 [not L. glabrum Korn., 1856]. Lachnocaulon maritimum Torr. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 330, in syn. 1939. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 20, 2h1, & 288. 1903; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. l, 23h & 235. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 99. 1908; J. Ke Small, Fl. Southeast. U. Sia ed. 2, 23 & 235. 1913; J. K. Small, Man. * South- east. Fl. 256. 1933; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 46 & 47. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 330, 319, 353, 356, 357, 359, & 360. 1939; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26 i9ha; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 3 & 2. 196; otek alph, List Cit. 1: 25, 59, 98, 99, 116, & 257. 1916; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 50 Bre STO OnG wack Vol. 20, no. 1 86 & 126. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 91 & 9). 198; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 60, 461, 507, 508, & 512 (1948), 3: 760, 777, 778, 808, & 813 (1949), and kh: 1117, 1187, & 1201. 1949; Molden- ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 9 & 207. 199; Mol- denke, Phytologia 3: 12 (1949) and 3: 494-195. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 12, 287, 291, & 48h. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 3 (1962) and 10: [1]. 196; R. Kral, Sida 2: 316, 317, & 323—325. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: ate 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1) (1968), 17: 10 (1968), and 18: 12. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 376, 25, 426, & 437. 1969. Illustrations: J. K. Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 256. 1933; R. Kral, Sida 2: 32). 1966. Recent collectors have found this species growing on sand beaches and in brackish sand, flowering and fruiting from June to September and in December. Kral describes his collection from Walton County, Florida, in these words: "heads chocolate-brown, mixed with dull brown ones of L. minus". He further avers that the plant is "a weed in sandy peat of ditchbank through slash pine - saw palmetto flatwoods" and "growing in sandy peaty margin of small lake in longleaf pine - turkey oak hills, mixed with L. minus", Hawkes describes it as "a common tufted herb in wet sandy pinewoods"., Curtiss found the plant "spreading flat on moist cultivated ground" in Volusia County, identified it as Paepalanth- us pilulifer Korn., and regarded it as "native to Brazil" and therefore merely introduced in Florida. In this identification he was, of course, quite in error. Tomlinson found L. engleri "in wet sand at margin of lake, not inundated and forming a more or less continuous peripheral zone". Kral (1966) describes the habitat of L. engleri as "Moist sands, sandy-peats or peat-muck of pineland pond margins, lake- shores, and mildly acid marshes along the seacoast, coastal plain, the lower Pleistocene terraces, Florida. Type. Ditches and lakeshores in the vicinity of Eustis, Lake Co., Florida, Nash 118. The dark brown inflorescence, glabrous scape, and deep- brown, lustrous seed of this species distinguish it from all others of the genus that have been found in Florida. "The almost 'spontaneous! development of large numbers of this species on recently disturbed wet sands or upon the drying peat left by fluctuating lake and pond margins in Florida makes one wonder whether any habitat of relative permanence is occupied by this species. Certainly its seed must have an inherent capacity to remain dormant for such extended periods of times as necessary for such ephemeral habitats to recur. A similar behavior is no- ted for L. minus, a species with which L. engleri most frequent- ly is found." Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria under the names L. glabrum Korn., Eriocaulon ravenelii Chapm., and Paepalanthus pilulifer Korn. The R. M. Harper 8, cited be- low, is a mixture with L. eciliatum Small. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Highlands Co.: McFarlin 9599 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 51 (N); W. S. Phillips 230) (Tu—79290); Tomlinson 10-6-63 L (Ft-- 271). Lake Co.: Goodale s.n. [Mt. Dora, April 7, 1933] (Ms— 69816); G. V. Nash 118) (B-type, Ca—11516l,—-isotype, Mm—7951-- isotype, Ms—-15502--isotype) . Martin Co.: R. Kral 18235 (N), 20386 (N). Orange Co.: A. D. Hawkes 676 (Ca—1216531). Polk Co.: McFarlin 3256 (Mi), 3262 (Mi). Putnam Co.: R. M. Harper 8, in part (W—513491). Santa Rosa Island [Santa Rosa Co.]: Fassett 1991, (Ws). Volusia Co.: Curtiss 689), in part (Ca—12526); R. Kral 1826 (N). Walton Co.: R. Kral 17746 (N). LACHNOCAULON FLORIDANUM Small Bibliography: J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 23h, 235, & 1328. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 99. 1908; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 2, 23 & 235. 1913; J. K. Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 256. 1933; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 6— 48. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 330, 349, & 359. 1939; Molden- ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 3 & he. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 9 & 207. 199; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 760. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 495. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 12 & 8h. 1959; R. Kral, Sida 2: 315, 319, & 321. 1966; Shimers, Sida 2: 3. 1966. Kral (1966) feels that this species should be reduced to synonymy under L, anceps (Walt.) Morong. Material of it has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as L. glabrum Korn. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Lake Co.: G. V. Nash 1981 (Ms-- 15501--isotype) . cymes LACHNOCAULON GLABRUM Korn. Bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 568--569. 1856; C. Mull. in Walp., Ann, S: 920--921. 18605 A. W. Chapm., ELe South. Ee Se, ed. 1, pr. 1, 504. 1860; C. Mull. in Walp., Ann. 6: 1203. 1861; Maw upape., Fl. South..Us Sé,. eds. 1, pr. -2, 50ip (1665), pr. 3, 50h (1872), ed. 2, pr. 1, 50h (1883), pr. 2, 504 (1884), pr. 3, 50h (1887), and pr. 4, 50). 1889; Morong, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 18: 361. 1891; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 2, pr. 5, 50k. 1892; Jacks. in Hook, f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 19. 189k; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 3, 531. 1897; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 20, 242, & 288. 1903; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 23h & 235 (1903) and ed. 2, 23h & 235. 1913; J. K. Small, Fl. Miami 37. 1913; J. K. Small, Man. South- east. Fl. 256. 1933; Moldenke, N. Au. Fl. 19 (1): 46 & 48. 19373 Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 331, 349, 357, & 362. 1939; Jacks. in Hook, f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 19. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 3 & 42. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 491. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 412, 461, 475, 52h, & 548 (1948), 3: 753, 877, 941, 942, 9bhb, & 958 (19495, and 4: 1192, 1201, & 1216. 199; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 9, 11, & 207. 1949; Phytologia 3: 80 (1949) and 3: 95. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 12, 1h, & 8). 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 19. 1960; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & 52 PH Se O%E 0°G Dek Vol. 20, no. 1 Spores 7: 183 & 186, tab. 1. 1965; R. Kral, Sida 2: 315, 319, & 321. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1]. 1968; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 17: 490 (1968), 18: 437 (1969), and 19: nee 1969. gare mee, 2 Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 183, tab. 1. LG. Collectors have found this plant growing along trails and in moist pinelands, flowering and fruiting in March, May, and Decem- ber. Tomlinson found it on "sandy prairies, forming small tufts closely appressed to the ground" and "along roadside in sandy scrub", Kral (1966) reduces this species to synonymy under L. anceps (Walt.) Morong and on the labels of his collections, cited below, tells of finding the plant "in sandy peat of slash pine — palmetto flatwoods bog", "in sandy peat of bank of ditch through slash pine - saw palmetto flatwoods, mixed with a population of L. an- ceps", "in sandy peaty clearing in pine-palmetto savanna flat- woods: in this area most have glabrous scapes but grade north in- to more and more pubescent scapes", "scapes ranging from smooth to hairy", and "most of the population in this area with smooth scapes, but not consistently so". In view of these field obser- vations it might be advisable to reduce L. glabrum to the rank of variety or form under L. anceps, but I feel that certainly some nomenclatural recognition should be given it. Material of L. glabrum has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as i beyrichianum Sporleder and as Eriocaulon rave- nelii Chapm. On m the other hand, the A. C. Martin s.n. (Burgaw, 5/17/1925], distributed as ie glabrum, is actually L. beyrichia- num Sporleder; Curtiss 3022 is the ty type collection of L. ecilia- tum Small; G. V. Nash 118] is the type collection of L. ;. engleri Ruhl. «5 G. Ve Nash 11981 is” is the type collection of L. floridanun Small; Curtiss s 5911 is is L. minus (Chapm.) Small; Pat 0. Schallert 16912. is a mixture of Le anceps (Walt.) Morong and Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl.; G. E G. Een sen. [25.3.1951] is Eriocaulon compressum Lam.; A. P. Garber Sone Se Florida, 1877] is E. rave- nelii Chapm.; and P P. Gn ~Schallert 16312 is Syngonanthus flavidu- lus (Michx.) Ruhl. ~ Meebold 28099, cited below, is a mixture with Syngonanthus flavidulus. Additional citations: ALABAMA: Escambia Co.: X. M. Gaines 29 (N). FLORIDA: Broward Co.: Tomlinson 15.XII.63 A A (Ft--277) Charlotte Co.: R. Kral 18048 (N). Collier Co.: Tomlinson 31-3-63 A (Ft—270, Ft, Ft). Dade Co.: A. A. Eaton sen. [Orange Glade, Dec. 7, 1903] (RE) 5 Small, Mosier, & & Small 6912 (S). Lee Co.: Re Kral 18012 (N); P. Ce Mi stanai ay ley 18889 (W--1028668). Marion Co.: Meebold 28102 (Mu). Martin Co.: R. Re Kral 18288 (N), 20418 (N). Palm Beach Co.: W. B. Fox s.n. [May 10, 1945] (No—15818), SeD. [Delray Beach, May 27, 1945] (We); ‘Gaiein 28101 (Mu). Polk Co.: Meebold 28099, in sai (Mu). Saint Iucie Co.: R. Kral 20)2) (N). BOOK REVIEWS Alma L,. Moldenke "FLORA OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND ADJACENT PLAINS", by P. A. Ryd- berg, xii & 114) pp., facsimile of the second edition of 1922. Hafner Publishing Co., New York, N. Y. 10003. 1969. $17.50. The reprinting of this classic work will add to the ever in- creasing school, library, botanical institute, botanist's, and skilled amateur naturalist's shelves a still highly valued book that has had to be scrounged for at second-hand dealers for all too many years. Many of the taxonomic changes of the last half century will be found in William A. Weber's "Rocky Mountain Flora" of 1967, but his work is of more limited scope geographically, covering only the southern Rocky Mountains from Pike's Peak to the Rocky Mountain National Park and from the plains to the Continental Divide, while Dr. kydberg's flora covers all of Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan and Alberta, along with adjacent parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota and British Columbia. "EVOLUTION AND THE GENETICS OF POPULATIONS", Volume I, "GENETIC AND BIOMETRIC FOUNDATIONS" by Sewall Wright, vii & 69 pp., illus., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and London W.C.1. 1968. $15.00. This first treatise in a projected three-volume series is outstanding for its scholarship leading to "the deduction of the consequences for populations of the firmly established prin- ciples of the genetics of individuals, and the comparison of these deductions with observed properties of experimental and natural populations. The most important applications are to animal and plant breeding, to eugenics, and to interpretation of a phase of evolution." The first five chapters consist of a succinct review of ideas on the origin of species, of modes of reproductive cycles, genic and nongenic heredity, and genes and character expressions as postulates for population genetics. The remaining nine chap- ters deal with statistical or biometric methods with special reference to the classification, description and interpretation of biological single variables and systems of correlated vari- ables. Special emphasis is given to path analysis dealing with linear systems, - the specialization of the renowned author- geneticist—biometrician,. There is a final chapter on conclusions in which Dr. Sewall checks the early through modern concepts of evolution against his and other carefully compiled quantitative studies and con- 3 oh PHYTO LiOGCTA Vol. 20, no. 1 cludes that "Natural selection of small, favorable genetic varia- tions, the occurrence of major mutations -- now identified with chromosomal aberrations -- and isolation remain as valid factors, the roles of which in evolution are to be interpreted in the light of [this] new data." The type is relatively clean, but Nepeta on p. 7 and descen- dant on p. 17 are misspelled and at least one negative sign is omitted from an equation. For all advanced students and workers in population genetics and for the genetically and biometrically aware biologists in- terested in evolution this study will surely prove to be an in- valuable source and reference book. "THE PLASMODIOPHORALES" by John S, Karling, 2nd revised edition, xiii & 256 pp., illus., Hafner Publishing Co., New York, N. Y. 10003. 1968. $17.50. As in the 192 first edition, half of this book is devoted to a monographic treatment of this order and half to the economic importance of its pathogens. It continues to have its dual ap- peal to those interested in the systematics and cytology of fungi and/or other lower organisms and to those interested in plant pathology. As revised, this order includes only one family, 9 genera and 35 species with different physiological races that are parasitic in algae, fungi and higher plants. The members have complex life cycles including sequentially cysts, primary zoospores, sporangial plasmodia, sporangiosori, zoosporangia, secondary zoospores, cystogeneous Plasmodia and cystosori where known; are believed by the author to have been derived from distant proteo- myxean ancestors; and are placed temporarily ina separate divis- ion or class of fungi at the bottom of the so-called biflagellate series of Phycomycetes. The zoosporangia and zoospores indicate that the group is more fungus-like than animal=-like. Plasmodiophora brassicae which causes the serious club—root disease of crucifers, Spongospora subterranea var. subterranea which causes powdery scab in potatoes and tomatoes, Spongospora subterranea var. nasturtii which causes crook-root of water cress and Polymyxa betae which limits the growth of young sugar beets are all discussed as to etiology, host stages and re- actions, entrance, dissemination, envirormmental factors, and controls. There is a detailed host index which includes literature ref- erences and degree of infection. There are excellent illustra- tions but only made from the standard compound microscope. There is a comprehensive bibliography which gives titles of all articles in English. The book is well printed even though a few spelling errors were not checked, as "earlier" on p. v, "inception" on p. xi, "Colhoun" on p. 177 and "subterranea" on p. 181. 1970 Moldenke, Book reviews 55 The original edition of the book was highly valued; this one will be even more so, "LIFE: AN INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY" Shorter Edition by George Gay- lord Simpson & William S. Beck, xiii & 56 pp., illus., Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10017, Chica- go, San Francisco & Atlanta. 1969. $8.95. This text is an abridged revision of the second edition of the famous and wonderful text of the same title for which it fortun- ately is not planned as a replacement. Such shorter editions are usually aimed at semester or quarter courses, non-biology major students, or schools where most of the students have financial difficulty in purchasing texts. If chosen for either of the first two of these reasons, thus reviewer hopes for a good high school biology training as background, otherwise the student may not be able to appreciate fully the text and the scope and nature of biology to which it is to give him entré. If chosen for the last reason, this reviewer feels that a little less of the Simpson approach is better than none. The text emphasizes the organization in all life, with ample survey of the whole field and with special development of the evolutionary concept. There are copious, helpful illustrations. There are no falsely colored ones, as green epidermis, etc., found in some other texts — just fine black and white photographs and diagrams and the treat of some beautiful color photographs of some living plants and animals. A slide illustration of a primary root is labeled Zea only: it would have been helpful to students to have the species and common names added, "LIFE IN THE LABORATORY" -— Shorter Edition -- by Donald G. Humphrey, Henry Van Dyke & David L. Willis, viii & 209 pp,, illus., Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10017, Chicago, San Francisco & Atlanta. 1969. $3.50 paper-back, This stimulating, carefully thought out lab manual is planned to accompany the previously reviewed book and is adaptable to several other texts. It is entirely free of the stultifying "cook book" approach. Because of ample, but not defeating, ma- terial, it is adaptable to either the 2-hour or 3-hour lab ses- sion and to individual enrichment, The initial sections are not a rehash of high school biology, but they do provide the necessary review. An appropriate quote appears at the top of each exercise. For cellular reproduction there is Bateson's "When I look ata dividing cell, I feel as an astronomer might if he beheld the formation of a double star; that an original act of creation is taking place before me." 56 PH Yet sOuG (OsGHr A Vol. 20, no. 1 "VIRUSES, VECTORS, AND VEGETATION" edited by Karl Maramorosch, xii & 666 pp., illus., Interscience Publishers of John Wiley & Sons, New York, N. Y. 10016, London, Sydney & Toronto. 1969. $29.95. This excellent book is an outgrowth of a U. S.-Japan confer— ence on "Interactions between Arthropods and Plant-Pathogenic Viruses" in 1965 with the conference papers carefully updated as well as with the addition of others "from wherever in the world significant work is being carried out." Actually 1) authors are from the United States, 8 from Japan, 13 from assorted British Commonwealth nations and 1 from Brazil. Even though there is a great range in topics, there is also considerable depth in treatment. Detailed information is given about many viruses and their many proven vectors such as dodder plants, nematodes, fungi which may also be hosts, mites, beetles, thrips, mealybugs, whiteflies, aphids and leafhoppers. For plant virus diseases 80 percent of the vectors are homopterans. Viruses are propagative or non=-propagative and therefore not multiplying within the vectors. They are persistent with or without propa- gating within the vector, or non-persistent and so lasting only a short time on the vector's stylet. If persistent and often propagative, they become vector-circulative, entering the bug's stylet to its gut, through the gut wall to the hemolymph and from there more commonly to the salivary glands where they can enter a new host through the stylets or in some few forms to the ovarioles and so to the eggs and the next generation of these insects. Stylet-borne viruses either effect pierced susceptible epidermis or pierced phloem (only done by aphids) and so become host-— circulative. The present and future of control techniques are considered. The interesting topic of cross protection is discussed in which a leafhopper first acquiring one strain of virus is unable to transmit another, with possible causes running anywhere from lack of space to antagonistic interactions. Each paper has appended its own bibliography. For the whole book there is an author index and a scanty subject index. Sufficient care was not taken in proof reading to check several spelling errors, such as arthropod on p. 2, necessarily on p. 18, viruses on p. 199, together on p. 213, stylet on p. 215 and trans- portation on p. 3. The title on p. 95 includes "White Flies", but the text from that page onwards usually uses "whiteflies". Such lapses as these are lamentable since the scientific work has been done so carefully. “ PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 20 June, 1970 No. 2 CONTENTS GOODLAND, R. J. A., Plants of the cerrado vegetation of Brasil ...... 57 MOLDENKE, H.N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. -LII ....... 78 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XXXI ..... 81 irs LIBRARY IN 25 1970 MEW YORK BOTAMICAL BARDEN Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number, $1; per volume, $7, in advance, or $7.50 at close of volume PLANTS OF THE CERRADO VEGETATION OF BRASIL ReJeA. Goodland, Departamento de Botanica, Universidade de Brasflia, Brasflia, Brasil. ABSTRACT A list of all angiosperms collected in the 100 x 150 km. Tri@nqulo Mineiro cerrado of Brasil is presented with ecological and phytogeographical annotations. Cerrado is a floristically fairly uniform vegetation grading from grassy scrub through ‘orchard savanna', almost to forest, and occupies most of Central Brasil. The rich flora of this small area is composed of over 600 species belonging to 336 genera in 83 families, Principal families (Lequminosae, Gramineae, Compositae, Rubiaceae, Palmae, Cyperaceae), well represented families (Bignoniaceae, Vochysiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Annonaceae, Melastomataceae), and characteristic families (Caryocaraceae, Chochlospermaceae, Proteaceae, Opiliaceae) are discussed. INTRODUCTION Cerrado is arguably the most widespread vegetation in Brasil, yet its flora is poorly known. Due to its curious ecological conditions, its vast agricultural potential and its enormity, there is increasing interest in the cerrado (Ferri 1963, Labouriau 1966). This paper provides information on the floristic composition of the vegetation hopefully of use to future workers. There is only one list of cerrado plants in general. This is the list of Rizzini (1963) which deals with woody plants only, from the whole extent of cerrado, compiled from several herbaria. There is another list of plants collected from a single, small, intensively worked area of cerrado Compiled by Warming (1892) together with the best description to date of the vegetation. Apart from these two, there are lists of new species and early travelogs such as those of Pohl (1827-1831, 1832-1837), Warming (1867-1893), Taubert (1896), Pilger (1901), Moore (1895), Ule (1896) and Glaziou (1905) containing shorter lists from many different areas. The extensive phytogeographical studies of Sampaio (19l6a,b, 1938), Hoehne (1923) and Veloso (1946, 1948a,b, 1963) provide useful lists of the more conspicuous species. Other useful sources include Mendes-Magalhaes (1955, 1962, 1964), Kuhlmann (1954, 1960), Faissol (1953), Mello-Barreto (1956), Azevedo (1959), Eiten (1963), and Hueck (1966). Finally, there are 57 58 PHYTOL OGL A Vol. 20, no. 2 some taxonomic works dealing with restricted taxa of mainly cerrado plants such as Fries (1905) on the Annonaceae, Malme on Bauhinia (1905a), on Vochysiaceae (1905b), on Leguminosae (1924, 193la) and on Compositae (193lb); Stafleu on Vochysiaceae (1948, 1952, 1953) and Smith on Dyckia (1961). The illustrated series started by Ferri (1969) provides an invaluable starting place to learn the cerrado plants. The present list was collected from a small (100 by 150 km.) but representative area of cerrado within a region called the Triangulo Mineiro. This is the western extension of the state of Minas Gerais between the Paranafba and Grande Rivers before their confluence to become the Paran&. The 110 collection localities are located within 48° to 49°40'W. and 18°40 to 20°S. At each locality a minimum of three to four hectares were intensively worked, Only the commonest type of vegetation, cerrado, was treated; forest, sedge meadow, palm marsh, riparian and ruderal communities were omitted. Cerrado is the Brasilian name given to a floristically fairly uniform vegetational gradient ranging from grassy scrub through ‘orchard savanna® almost to forest. This physiognomic gradient is arbitrarily divided into four intergrading kinds called: campo sujo (mainly herbaceous vegetation with scattered shrubs), campo cerrado (sparse ‘orchard*® vegetation), cerrado (dense *orchard* vegetation) and cerraddo (almost forest). This paper applies to the studied area only, and not. to the entire 150 million hectare extent of cerrado (Alvim & Araujo 1952), which occurs from north of the Amazon to south of the southern tropic. STATISTICS In this study (Goodland 1969), approximately 600 species of angiosperms were collected, belonging to over 300 genera in 83 families. Warming (1892) lists over 700 species belonging to 77 families in the Lagoa Santa cerrado. Rizzini (1963) lists 600 species of woody plants alone, belonging to 242 genera, from the entire cerrado area. As Brasil has one of the richest floras of the world and one of the least completely known, these figures and taxa, particularly at the species level, are approximate. The localities were visited only once, and all collections were made in the dry season. Trees are probably represented more fully than herbs, as there are fewer trees and they are more easily distinguishable from each other. Some taxa are *lumped*, This applies particularly to the families Myrtaceae, Palmae, Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and to the genera Quratea, Alibertia, Cassia, Mimosa, Centrosema, Eriosema, Stylosanthes and possibly others. The entire collection was compared with material in the 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation Table 1. The Principal Families and Genera in the Triangulo Mineiro Cerrado. Principal Families Number of Genera Number of Species Total: 83 Total: 336 Total: 600 Leguminosae 44 107 Caesalpinioideae ( 8) (30) Mimosoideae ( 5) (12) Papilionoideae (25) (52) Indeterminata ( 6) (13) Gramineae 31 73 Compositae 36 69 Rubiaceae iy ¢ 30 Palmae 13 22 Cyperaceae 8 Bisnoniaceae 7 Vochysiaceae 3 Apocynaceae 7 Euphorbiaceae 10 14 Malpighiaceae 8 Labiatae 5 Melastomataceae 7 Annonaceae 5 Principal Genera Number of Species Cassia 16 Vernonia 14 Paspalum 1l Vochysia ll Tabebuia 10 Hyptis Eriosema Panicum Annona Aspidosperma Bulbostylis Bauhinia Axonopus Jacaranda Rhynchospora Erythroxylum Andropogon Borreria Psidium Byrsonima Baccharis AMMAN annnannnnwowowo 60 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 20, no. 2 University of Brasflia herbarium by the author. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the then Curator, Dr. Graziela M. Barroso for the use of the herbarium, for determinations of Compositae and Leguminosae, and for examining all the vegetative unknowns. Ors. George and Liene Eiten of the Instituto de Botanica of Sao Paulo, and Drs. Carlos Toledo Rizzini and Aparfcio Pereira Duarte of the Botanic Gardens in Rio, kindly gave great help with other doubtful material. PRINCIPAL FAMILIES The families best represented in this flora are listed in Table 1. There are 16 families with 5 or more genera and with more than 10 species. These fall into two groups. Eleven of these families are large on the world scale, and are similarly large in the cerrado. The remaining five families are not large by world standards and so are ‘over represented® in the cerrado and are thereby more characteristic of it. These are the Bignoniaceae, Vochysiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Annonaceae and Melastomataceae. The Bignoniaceae is large due to the neotropical tree genera Tabebuia (including Tecoma) and Jacaranda. The Vochysiaceae is perhaps the most characteristic family of cerrado vegetation. It is essentially a small, neotropical family of 6 genera. Salvertia never occurs away from the cerrado, while the genera Vochysia, Qualea, and Callisthene occur mainly in cerrado but also in adjacent forests. Qualea grandiflora and Q.parviflora are the dominant trees in most of the sites visited. Similarly the Malpighiaceae is mainly a small neotropical family, well represented in the cerrado. The genus Byrsonima is an important component of cerrado vegetation, occurring in every locality and dominating Some. Byrsonima provides three species among the twenty most important trees. The Annonaceae is a small tropical family mainly of forest stragglers in the palaeotropics, but of small trees in savannas and cerrado in the neotropics. The four largest terrestrial families in the world are also the best represented in this study, i.e. Leguminosae, Compositae, Cramineae, and Rubiaceae. Nearly all the families in Table 1 are also among the largest in the world and so do not indicate much about the flora, but are important in cerrado. The Leguminosae is important in the vegetation as well as in the flora. The fourth most abundant tree 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation is a legume, Bowdichia, as are the abundant trees Gweetia (2 spp.), Machaerium (4 spp.), Stryphnodendron (2 spp.), Dimorphandra and Dalbergia. Pterodon, Andira, Hymengea, Vatairea, Plathymenia, Sclerolobium and Copaifera are also fairly common cerrado trees. Many genera of small shrublets or herbs which do not contribute greatly to the vegetation are also legumes such as Erigsema, Centrosema, Desmodium, Clitoria, Phaseolus, Indigofera, Crotalaria, Galactia, Stylosanthes, Rhynchosia, Zornia, Mimosa, Bauhinia and Cassia. The last three genera have many cerrado species each but only the pantropical Bauhinia is at all abundant in the vegetation. Several cerrado legumes are being evaluated agriculturally for nitrogen fixing ability, and the family as a whole may be of great significance in the nitrogen balance of the senile cerrado soils. The Leguminosae is perhaps the second most important family in the vegetation, mainly in the tree layer. The Compositae is the second or third largest family in cerrado, but is possibly more important in the vegetation than its rival the Gramineae. The second largest cerrado genus, Vernonia, is the largest gemus of angiosperms in Brasil, although pantropical in distribution With over 1000 species, At least 14 species occur in cerrado with a great variety of habit. V.ferruginea occurs in more than half the sites, mainly in campo sujo and is a small tree; few are small herbaceous perennials. Most Vernonia species are robust woody herbs or subshrubs up to 1 m. in height and rough in texture, e.g. V.bardangides and V.eherbacea. Some are delicate, sub-autotomous and broom-like above ground with large woody organs beneath, @eg- Vebrevifolia, V.qrandiflora. This xero-, oligotrophico- or pyromorphic lifeform is characteristic of the cerrado, giving rise to ‘subterranean trees* (Rizzini & Heringer 1961, 1962, Rizzini 1965a,b, Rachid 1947, Rachid-Edwards 1956), xylopodia, cormophytes etc. (vide Malme 1940). This genus is often associated with grassy places and is characteristic of the cerrado; \V.ruficoma, V.elegans, \V.bardanoides being the most common. The genus Baccharis is similar to Vernonia in several ways. Most of the 400 species of Baccharis are restricted to neotropical savannas and are characteristic of cerrado. They are mainly herbs with woody bases or rootstocks, but some are woody shrubs, e.g. 8.dracuniculifolia,. Some Baccharis species are leafless xeromorphs with a flanged or broom-like stem, @.9. B.qracilis, 8.shumilis is common in cerrado but at a low level of abundance. 62 PeheyetOrL ONGr res Vol. 20, no. 2 The 1200 species of Eupatorium are largely neotropical, The three cerrado species are woody herbs or shrubs, and do not contribute much to the vegetation. The 2000-3000 cosmopolitan species of Senecio make it the world's largest genus, but it is not important in cerrado. Senecio brasiliensis is an occasional woody herb or shrub attaining 1 m. in some areas of cerrado. The dominant composite is the very common tree Piptocarpha rotundifolia. This occasionally dominates the vegetation and actually achieves the maximum "Importance Value" (Curtis and Cottam 1962) of any tree in the cerrado. It is the ninth most important tree and occurs in two thirds of the sites. Apart from Vernonia ferruginea, there are two other uncommon cerrado composite tree genera: Vanillosmopsis erythropappa, and Eremanthus glomerata. These are both small genera restricted to Brasil and very characteristic of cerrado but not abundant in it. The other two Eremanthus species, E.qlomerulata and E.sphaerocephala are conspicuous but uncommon subshrubs. The huge family Rubiaceae has only 17 genera in this cerrado and is the fourth largest. The pantropical genus Borreria is the largest genus of cerrado Rubiaceae and occurs as small erect herbs often woody at the base. The gerus Alibertia has at least three cerrado species and is more abundant than Borreria. Alibertia is a small neotropical gemus varying from almost acaulescent suffrutices to large shrubs. The genus is fairly abundant in cerrado vegetation, mainly in campo sujo. Psychotria and Rudgia are the only common rubiaceous trees, but neither is abundant, and both are restricted to cerradao. All the remaining rubiaceous genera are occasional herbs, except for the uncommon cerrad&o trees Guettarda, Genipa and Tocoyena. No family characterises the tropics better than the Palmae. Palms are immediately recognizable to family but further identification is difficult, particularly as nearly all the cerrado palms belong to the same subfamily, the Cocoideae (Corner 1966). Apart from tropical sandy beaches, the area best characterised by palms is adjacent to the cerrado in the dry North-Eastern part of Brasil where Orbignya (Babagu) and Copernicia (CarnaGba wax palm) cover vast areas. These also enter parts of the cerrado. Within areas of cerrado, nearly every watercourse and lake is surrounded by Mauritia vinifera (Buritf£) but this is never a component of cerrado vegetation. A few palms occur 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation 63 as rare trees in cerradfo, e.g. Acrocomia sclerocarpa, but most are short acaulescent xeromorphs of campo sujo -campo cerrado. Acanthococos and Attalaea are the most common, followed by Syagrus, Butia and Allagoptera (=Diplothemium). These are mainly small, well localized, neotropical plants, each forming course, spiny tufts, 50-150 cm. high, occasionally becoming abundant. Although cerrado appears to be a dry rather than a wet type of vegetation, the family Cyperaceae is a Conspicuous element. The graminoid habit in general is xeromorphic; doubtless creeping rhizomes, cespitoseness and the perennial habit contribute to the abundance of this family in cerrado. In general, their root systems are poorly developed. Most of the 6-8 cerrado sedge genera have a few hundred neotropical species. These genera are common in many neotropical savannas and on occasion dominate the grasses. Sedges are mich more abundant in campo sujo -campo cerrado than in cerradao. The large family Melastomataceae is well represented in Brasil and in cerrado. The essentially neotropical gerus Miconia is by far the most abundant melastome. Rizzini (1963) lists 11 species, but only one is common in the Triangle. Miconia argentea is a common cerrado tree, occasionally becoming abundant in cerraddo and is even the dominant tree in one site. It is absent from campo sujoe THE GRASSES The cerrado gradient as a whole cannot be considered grassland. However, grasses are fairly prominent in most kinds of cerrado, except cerrad&o, thus the Gramineae is the largest herbaceous family in this vegetation. There are only six genera in cerrado with more than a couple of species, The largest genus, Paspalum, is fairly characteristic of neotropical grasslands, although it is pantropical. The other large cerrado genera: Panicum, Andropogon, Aristida and Eragrostis, are large and widespread genera in the world Flora. Only Axonopus of the large cerrado genera is typical of neotropical grassland. There are four small cerrado genera restricted to the neotropics: Gymnopogon, Echinolaena, Thrasya and Leptocoryphium, This last genus is monotypic, L.lanatum occurring in natural grasslands mainly from Venezuela and the West Indies to Brasil, but is not abundant in cerrado. Gymnopogon and Thrasya are widespread in cerrado, but at a low level of abundance, Echinolaena inflexa is the most 6h, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 20, no. 2 widespread and abundant grass in this cerrado and is more or less restricted to it. It is a small gemus of five species in Central and South America and one in Madagascare Although E.inflexa is so abundant, it is a small but conspicuous grass, rarely exceeding 50 cm. in height and is rarely cespitose. There are two small genera occurring in both the American and the African tropics: Trachypogon and Tristachya. Both these genera are widespread in cerrado vegetation with Trachypogon fairly abundant and Tristachya very abundant. They are both tall, conspicuous grasses, Tristachya leiostachya is the tallest cerrado grass, sometimes exceeding three meters in height and becoming woody at the basee T.chrysothrix is more abundant than Teleiostachya, but not as tall. They are both characteristic species of the cerrado. Trachypogon is not as important in the cerrado as it is in the Llanos of Colombia (Blydenstein 1967) and Venezuela (Lasser 1955, Blydenstein 1962), and in the savannas of the Guianas (Donselaar 1968, Heyligers 1963, Goodland 1965, 1966, Beard 1953) where Trachypogon, often T.plumosus, is frequently the main component of the sward. In the Triangle, Temollis occurred, but Teplumosus, T.vestitus and T.canescens are common in other cerrado areas. There are only five other cerrado grass genera of any importance; these are the large genera of tropical and warm temperate grasslands: Chloris, Setaria, Melinis, Hyparrhenia and Rhynchelytrum. They are frequently used as pasture grasses in warm countries and the last two were introduced to the neotropics. Rhynchelytrum is more a ruderal and is common on roadsides. Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) is tall and so woody that it must be fired annually to provide pasture. Melinis minutiflora (Molasses grass) is, however, sensitive to fire, hence is more abundant in cerradao than in campo sujo. It is mainly an African genus and it is not certain whether M.mirnutiflora is native to the neotropics or naturalized. It is encouraged in cerrado and provides good grazing, but it is unpleasantly sticky to walk through when dense. The genera Chloris and Setaria are fairly common. Only in campo sujo are the grasses more prominent than the trees. But even then, grass does not obscure all the woody components. The flowering culms of Tristachya leiostachya, Hyparrhenia rufa, and Axonopus pressus are occasionally taller than the observer. Several grasses reach 1 m. in height but as single plants rather than as tufts or dense stands. Most grasses in this area are less 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation than 50 cm. in height. The cespitose habit is not common and grasses rarely form a dense sward in the cerrado. Thus, though grasses are common and occasionally conspicuous, they are rarely dominant in the vegetation as a whole. MINOR FAMILIES Almost one third of the 83 families occur in this area of cerrado with only one gems and often only one species, These 24 families fall into three almost equal groups. Ten are mainly from forest, but occur as rare species in cerradéo. Seven families are so occasional that not much about the cerrado can be learned from them, and the remaining seven are mainly monotypic and either endemic or very characteristic of the cerrado. The ten rare families of cerrad&o with their genera are Aquifoliaceae (Ilex), Araliaceae (Schefflera), Icacinaceae (Emmotum), Myristicaceae (Virola), Polygonaceae (Coccoloba), Symplocaceae (Symplocos), Tiliaceae (Luehea), Balanophoraceae (Langsdorffia), Commelinaceae (Commelina) and Marantaceae (Maranta). They are mainly medium sized tropical families having one rare species in the cerraddo. The first seven are trees the last two are herbs. Schefflera (=Didymopanax) is the most important tree in this group. Ilex, Schefflera, Coccoloba, and Luehea are more abundant in seasonal forest. Emmotum occurs mainly in seasonal and riparian forests, and Virola in Amazonian forests. Symplocos and Luehea are more abundant in other cerrado areas than the Triangle. Langqsdorffia is a curious tree-root parasite only found in cerradao. Commelina and Maranta are allegedly aquatic plants or plants associated with wet places. Even in cerradao they are rare, but their presence suggests that cerradéo may be moister than other cerrado types. The seven *occasional* families are mainly herbaceous and are not restricted to the tropics. They ares Aristolochiaceae (Aristolochia), Cucurbitaceae (Cayaponia), Loranthaceae (Phoradendron), Scrophulariaceae (Buchnera), Solanaceae (Solanum), Umbelliferae (Eryngium) and Caryophyllaceae (Polycarpaea). The most important member of this group is the common but not abundant Solanum lycocarpum, This tree is partly ruderal and occurs mainly in campo sujoe Aristolochia and Cayaponia are vines or trailers, a life form uncommon in cerrado. Both have enormous woody underground organs. Buchnera and Phoradendron respectively are occasional terrestrial and epiphytic semi-parasites. Buchnera is principally palaeotropical in distribution. Umbelliferae and 65 66 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 20, no. 2 Caryophyllaceae are temperate families, poorly represented in Brasil, Eryngium is a prickly herb. Polycarpaea is a tiny ephemeral occurring in many savannas from Mexico through Brasil. CHARACTERISTIC FAMILIES The mainly monotypic, characteristic or endemic families with their cerrado genera are: Caryocaraceae (Caryocar), Cochlospermaceae (Cochlospermum), Ebenaceae (Diospyros), Guttiferae (Kielmeyera), Malvaceae (Sida), Proteaceae (Roupala) and Opiliaceae (Agonandra). These are mainly small tropical families providing one important cerrado genus each. They are all trees except Sida which is a ruderal herb of warm countries, especially America, common in neotropical savannas. The genus Cochlospermum is always woody, but in the cerrado it is usually a somewhat fleshy subeshrube It is very characteristic of cerrado but some species occur as trees in neotropical seasonal forests. Agonandra is a rare tree in this area and may be more common in some other type of vegetation. Its family Opiliaceae, occurs in tropical Asia as small trees, parasitic on roots, with just the one small genus in Brasil. Species of the remaining four families are important tree components of cerrado vegetation. Caryocar is a small neotropical tree genus with delicious drupes. One species, C.brasiliense, is the fifth most abundant tree in this cerrado. It occurs in more than two thirds of the sites, and is the leading dominant in five of them, becoming more abundant in cerradao. The next most important tree in this series is Diospyros hispida, which is almost as important in the vegetation as Caryocar. DOiospyros is the eleventh most abundant tree, occurring in more than two thirds of the sites, and dominating four. It is a fairly small, but wide ranging tree becoming more abundant in campo sujo. Although the family Ebenaceae is mainly tropical, the genus Diospyros is widespread in many warm countries. Kielmeyera is one of the most characteristic genera of the cerrado. It is a small gems of about 20 species largely restricted tu the cerrado of B8rasil. Rizzini (1963) lists four woody species from his area. Only one is at all important in the Triangle, K.coriacea, occurring in nearly three quarters of the localities. This gracile tree is occasionally the leading dominant, is very widespread and is in the top twenty important trees. 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation One other smaller species, K.erosea, is occasionally present. Finally in this series is the morphologically variable tree genus Roupala, Appropriately belonging to the Proteaceae, this tree has entire or serrate, simple or compound leaves on the same plant or on different plants of the same species, Roupala occurs in half the sites but more in cerradfo. The Proteaceae as a whole is xeromorphic and characteristic of areas with a long dry season. Roupala has coriaceous, waxy leaves; some have a puberulent indumentum. ENDEMISM It is not particularly meaningful to discuss endemism with respect to such a poorly investigated flora, but some comment can be made on ‘characteristic* taxa. Brasil is considered rich in Compositae, Orchidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Asclepiadaceae, Bignoniaceae, and Melastomataceae. The Orchidaceae occurs mainly as epiphytes on forest trees and so is not well represented. All the others are well represented in cerrado. The following taxa are endemic to the Brasilian region and occur in the Triangle cerrado: Eremanthus, Hoehnephytum, ae Antonia, Barjonia, Nautonia, Ananas, Hancornia, Magonia, Riedeliella, Diptychandra and Torresea. Barjon Barjonia and Nautonia are occasional asclepiads of the campo sujo-campo cerrado. The cultivated pineapple is a variety of Ananas comosus which occurs naturally in the region. Another terrestrial bromeliad, Dyckia, has most species in an adjacent area of cerrado (Smith 1961). Hancornia speciosa and ffiagonia pubescens are occasional trees of cerrado-cerraddo. The genus Manihot has speciated Copiously in cerrado although it is not abundant. Characteristic of Srasil, but not restricted to it is the genus Jacaranda, represented by perhaps six species in cerrado. Most are rare cerraddo trees but others live mainly underground with a few sprouts above, on occasion becoming abundant in campo sujo. The small, rare leguminous tree genera Riedeliella, Diptychandra and Torresea provide one species each in cerradd@o but are poorly known. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am most grateful to Or. Graziela ™. Sarroso for many identifications and much taxonomic help. Many thanks are offered to Drs. A.P. Duarte, G. and L.T. Eiten, E.P. Heringer, H.S. Irwin and C. T. Rizzini for valuable assistance, The generous financial support of Dr. M.G. Ferri 68 Pol (¥sPoOeL O6GcI4 A Vol. 20, no. 2 and the University of S8o Paulos; Or. P. Maycock and McGill University; and the National Research Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged. REFERENCES CITED Alvim, P. de T. and Araujo, W.A. 1952. Soil as an Ecological Factor in the Development of Vegetation in the Central Plateau of Brasil, Turrialba 2:153-160. Azevedo, L.Ge de. 1959. Grande Regifo Leste - Tipos de Vegetag%o p.58-59 (in) Atlas Nacional do 8rasil. Cons. Nac. Geogre Rio. Seard, J.S. 1953. The Savanna Vegetation of Northern Tropical America. Ecol. Monogre 23:149-215. Blydenstein, J. 1962. La Sabana de Trachypogon del Alto Llano. 801. Soc. Venez. Cién. Nat. 23:139-206,. Blydenstein, J. 1967. Tropical Savanna Vegetation of the Llanos of Colombia. Ecol. 48:1-15. Corner, E.JeH. 1966, The Natural History of Palms. Wiedenfeld and Nicholson, London, p.393. Curtis, J.T. and Cottam, G. 1962. Plant Ecology Workbook. Burgess Publ. Co. Minn.,p.193. Donselaar, J. vane 1968. Phytogeographic Notes on the Savanna Flora of Southern Surinam. Acta Botan. Neerlandica 17:393-404, Eiten, G. 1963. Habitat Flora of Fazenda Campininha p.181-231 (in) Ferri, MG. (ed) SimpSsio sObre o Cerrado. Univ. S80 Paulg pe424. Faissol, 5. 1953. Vegetagao e Solos no Sudoeste do Planalto Central. Cons. Nac. Geogr. (IBGE) Rig p15. Ferri, MG. 1963. (ed.) Simpésio sébre o Cerrado. Univ. SHo Paulg 9.424. Ferri, MG. 1969, Plantas do Brasil: Especies do Cerrado. Bluicher, So Paulo, 9.239. Fries, R.E. 1905, Studien in der Riedel*schen Anonaceen= Sammlung. Ark. for Bot. 5:1-29. Glaziou, A.F.fi, 1905. Plantae Brasiliae Centralis a Glaziou Lectae,. tiem. Soc. Bot. France 1(3):1-6561. Goodland, R. 1965. The Rupununi Savanna, British Guiana. J. Brit. Guiana Mus. Nat. Hist. 41:15-23. Goodland, R. 1966. South American Savannas. MeGill University, Montreal, Savanna Research Project 5:1-52. Goodland, R. 1969. An Ecological Study of the Cerrado Vegetation of South-Central Brasil. McGill University Thesis, Montreal, p.225. Heyligers, P.C. 1963. Vegetation and Soil of a White Sand Savanna in Suriname. The Veg. of Suriname 3:1-148. 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation 69 Hoehne, F.C. 1923. Fitofisionomia do Estado do Mato Grosso. Sec. da Agric., S8o Paulo, p.104. Hueck, K. 1966. Die WHlder SUdamerikas. Fischer, Stuttgart, p.422. Kuhlmann, E. 1956, Os Tipos de Vegetagao do Bresil. An. Assoc. Geogr. Bras. 8:132=176, Kuhlmann, E. 1960. Os Tipos de Vegetagao p.119-144 (in) Galvdo, M.V. (ed.) Grande Regiao Centro-Oeste. Cons. Nac. Geogr. Rio, p.452. Labouriau, L.F.C. 1966. (ed.) Segundo SimpSsio sdbre o Cerrado. An. Acad. Bras. Cién, 3811-346. Lasser, T. 1955. Esbozo Preliminar sébre el Origen de las Formaciones Vegetales de Nuestros Llanos. Bol. Soc. Venez. Cien,. Nat. 16:173-200. Malme, G.O.A:N. 1905a. Die Bauhinien von Mato Grosso. Ark. for Bot. 5(5)s1-16, Malme, G.O.AtN. 1905b. Vochysiaceen Mato Grossos. Ark. for Bot. 5(6):1-12. Malme, C.0.A8N. 1924, Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Cerrados Baume von Mato Grosso. Ark. for Sot. 18(17):1-26. Malme, G.O.AtN. 193la. Oie Lequminosen der zweiten Regnell- schen Reise. Ark. for Bot. 23(13):1-99, Malme, G.eO.AsN. 193lb. Die Compositen der zweiten Regnell- schen Reise. Ark. for Bot. 24(6,8):1-89,1-66, Malme, G.O.A:N. 1940. Die Qeimada-Pflanzen Mato Grossos.e Ark. for Bot. 29(5)3:1l=15. Mello-Barreto, HL. de. 1956. Regides Fitogeograficas de Minas Gerais. Bol. Geogr. 14:14-28, Mendes-Magalhaes, GC. 1955. Characteristicas de alguns Tipos Floristicas de Minas Gerais. 801. Soc. Port. Cién. Nat. 19:71-113. Mendes-Magalhaes, G. 1962. Esbogo Fitogeografico do Municipio de Belo Horizonte. An. Soce Bote Bras. 11:135-168, Mendes-Magalhaes, G. 1964, Dados Fitogeograficos do Sudoeste do Planalto Central. An. 14 Conor. Soc. Bot. Brase, Manaus, 364-373. Moore, Se le M. 1895, The Phanerogamic Botany of the Mato Grosso Expedition, 1891-2. Transe Linn. Soce Lond. Bot. 11,4:264-516, Pilger, R. 1901. Beitrag zur Flora von Matogrosso. 6Bot. Jahrb. Engler 30:127-238. Pohl, J.8.E. 1827-1831, Plantarum Brasiliae Icones et Descriptiones Hactenus Ineditae,. Strauss, Vienna, Ve2e Pohl, J.8.€. 1832-1837. Reise im Innern von Brasilien. Vienna, Ve2. Rachid, M. 1947, Transpirag3o e Sistemas Subterraneos da Vegetacao de Verfo dos Campos Cerrados de Emas. Bol. Fac. Fil, Cién, Letr. Univ. S@o Paulo, 80 Sot. 5:1-140, 70 Pal YoTwO L OrGoDA Vol. 20, no. 2 Rachid-Edwards, ™. 1956. Alguns Dispositivos para Protegfo de Plantas contra a Seca e o Fogo. Bol. Fac. Fil. Cién, Letr., Univ. S80 Paulo 207 8o0t.13:37-69,. Rizzini, C.T. 1963. A Flora do Cerrado p.l27-177 (in) Ferri, M.G. (ed.) SimpSsio sdbre o Cerrado, Univ. SH Paulo, p.424. Rizzini, C.T. 1965a. Experimental Studies on Seedling Development of Cerrado Woody Plants. Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 52:410-426, Rizzini, C.T. 1965b. Estudos Experimentais sobre o Xilopodio e Outros Orgdos Tuberosos de Plantas do Cerrado. An. Acad. Bras. Ciénc. 37:87-113. Rizzini, C.T. and Heringer, E.P. 1961. Underground Organs of Plants from Some Southern Srasil Savannas with Particular Reference to the Xylopodium. Phyton 17:105-124, Rizzini, C.T. amd Heringer, E.P. 1962. Studies on the Underground Organs of Trees and Shrubs from Some Southern Brasilian Savannas. An. Acad. Bras. Cién. 34:235-247. Sampaio, A.J. de.l9l6a. Contribuic#o ao Estudo da Flora do Estado de Minas Gerais. Arch. fus. Nac. Rio 1831-38, Sampaio, A.J. de. 1916b. A Flora de Mato Grosso. Arch. Muse Nac. Rio 19:1-125,. Sampaio, A.J. de. 1938. Phytogeografia do Brasil. Comp. Ed. Nace, S8o Paulo p.334. Smith, L.B. 1961. Origins of the Flora of Southern Srasil. Contr. UsSie Nat. Herb, 35:215=249,. Stafleu, F.A, 1948, A Monograph of the Vochysiaceae. Rec, Trav. Bot. Neerl. 41(2):397-540. Stafleu, F.A. 1952. A Monograph of the Vochysiaceae II: Callisthene. Acta Bot. Neerl, 1(2) 1222-242. Stafleu, F.A. 1953. A Monograph of the Vochysiaceae IIIs: Qualea. Acta Bot. Neerl. 2(2):144-217, Taubert, P, 1896. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Centralbrasilianischen Staates Coyaze Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21:403-457. Ule, E. 1896. Pflanzengeographischen Skizze des Central- brasilianischen Staates Coyaz. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21:404-421. Veloso, HeP. 1946. ConsideragSes gerais sobre a VegetagZo do Estado de Mato Grosso. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 443579~604. Veloso, H.P. 1948a. Consideragdes Gerais sdbre a Vegetagao do Estado do Goias. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 46:89-124, Veloso, H.eP. 1948b. Fitofisionomia e Algumas Consideragdes sobre a Vegetag@o do Centro Oeste Brasileiro. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 46:813-852. 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation Veloso, H.P. 1963. Os Grandes Climaces do Brasil III: ConsideragSes Gerais sébre a Vegetagao da Regio Centro-Oeste. 61:357-370. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz Warming, J.€.8. 1892. Lagoa Santa. Det Kongelige Danske Vidensk. Selskabs Scrifter, 6 Raekke, Nature videnskabelig 6(3):155-488, Warming, J.€.8. 1867-1893, Centralis Cognoscendam, K jobenhavn. Symbolae ad Floram Brasiliae Videnskabelige Meddelser, LIST OF THE CERRADO PLANTS OF THE TRIANGULO MINEIRO ACANTHACEAE Justicia sp. Ruellia geminiflora AMARANTHACEAE Alternanthera sp. Gomphrena graminea officinalis virgata Iresine sp. Pfaffia jubata sericea ANACARDIACEAE Anacardium humile nanum Anacardium sp. Astronium fraxinifolium urundeuva Lithraea aroeirinha Tapirira quianensis ANNONACEAE Annona campestris coriacea crassiflora monticola Ppygmaca tomentosa Annona sp. Cardiopetalum calophyllum Duquetia furfuracea Guatteria silvicola Xylopia grandiflora APOCYNACEAE Aspidosperma camporum dasycarpon macrocarpon tomentosum Aspidosperma spp.e3 Hancornia speciosa Himatanthus articulatus Macrosiphonia longiflora velame Mandevilla illustris Odontadenia spp. Rhodocalyx rotundifolium AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex sp. ARALIACEAE Schefflera (=Didymopanax) macrocarpum ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia goleata ASCLEPIADACEAE Barjonia obtusifolia Ditassa sp. Nautonia nummularia BALANOPHORACEAE Langsdorffia hypogaea BIGNONIACEAE Anemopaegma arvense 72 Pray fOr Oana Arrabidaea brachypoda platyphylla Cybistax antisyphilitica Jacaranda acutifolia brasiliana caroba decurrens Jacaranda sppe Memora nodosa Tabebuia avellandeae caraiba leucoxylon longiflora ochreacea odonthodiscus umbellata Tabebuia sppe3 Zeyhera montana BOMBACACEAE Bombax cyathonhorum tomentosum Eriotheca oracilipes Eriotheca sp. BORAGINACEAE Cordia axillaris Tournefortia elegans BROMELIACE AE Bromeliaceae spe Ananas Comosus Bromelia spe Dyckia sppe Nidularium sp. BURSERACEAE Bursera Spe Protium heptophyllum Protium spe CACTACEAE Phyllocactus acuminatus Rhinsalis spp. CARYOCARACEAE Caryocar brasiliense CARYOPHYLLACEAE Polycarpaea corymbosa CELASTRACEAE Maytenus alaternoides Maytenus spe Plenckia populnea Salacia cempestris CHRYSOBALANACEAE Couepia orandiflora Hirtella sp. Licania humilis Licania sp. Parinari obtusifolia COCHLOSPERMACEAE Cochlospermum regium COMBRETACEAE Combretaceae spe Combretum spe Terminalia argentea COMMELINACEAE Commelina sp. COMPOSITAE Compositae spp.14 Achyrocline sp. Ageratum conyzoides Aspilia elliptica foliacea Aspilia sp. Aster camporum Raccharis desertorum dracuniculifolia gracilis humilis Baccharis spe Bidens pilosa Calea cuneifolia platylepis Chaptalia integrifolia Dasyphyllum sp. Dimerostemma spe Eupatorium amygdalinum harminoides maximiliana Elephantopus mollis Eremanthus glomeratus olomerulatus sphaerocephalus Vol. 20, no. 2 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation Hoehnephytum trixoides Hoshnephytum sp. Icthyothere agrestis terminalia Isostioma peucedanifolium Kanima implexa Mikania hirsutissima Piptocarpha rotundifolia Porophyllum ruderale Pterocaulon sp. Riencourtia oblongifolia Spilanthes arnicoides Trichocline sp. Trixis glutinosa Vanillosmopsis erythropappa Vernonia barbata bardanoides brevifolia elegans fFerruginea grandifolia herbacea holosericeus lingulata onoporoides polyanthes ruficoma Vernonia sp. Viquiera hassleriana Wedelia puberula CONNARACEAE Connaraceae sp. Connarus fulwis suberosus Roursa induta CONVOLVULACEAE Evolwilus pterocaulon Evolwulus sp. Ipomoea spe Jacquemontia sp. CUCURBITACEAE Cayaponia espelina CYPERACEAE Cyperaceae spp.3 Bulbostylis capillacea spadicea Bulbostylis spp.4 Cyperus diffusus flaws Dichromena ciliata Fimbristylis diphylla junciformis Fimbristylis spp. Rhynchospora cyperioides tenuis Rhynchospora spp.3 Scleria geniculata Scleria spp. DILLENTACEAE Curatella americana Davilla elliptica EBENACE AE Diospyros hispida ERYTHROXYLACEAE Erythroxylum campestre deciduum suberosum testaceum tortuosum FUPHORBIACEAE Bernardia spe Croton antisyphilitica Croton sp. Dalechampia humilis Euphorbia setosa Julocroton sp. Manihot gracilis Manihot spp.3 Maprounea brasiliensis Phyllanthus niruri Phyllanthus sp. Sebastiana corniculata FLACOURTIACEAE Casearia sylvestris Casearia sp. Xylosma sp. GENTIANACEAE Calolisianthus speciosus Oejanira erubescens nervosa 73 7h PHYTOLOGIA Dejanira pallescens GRAMINEAE Gramineae spp.7 Andropogon bicornis condensatus lateralis selloanus Andropogon spe Aristida adscencionis capillacea implexa meqapotamica Aristida pallens Aristida spe Axonopus capillaris pressus Axonopus sppe4 Chloris polydactyla Ctenium spe Diectomis fastigiata Echinolaena inflexa Elionurus spe Eragrostis maypurensis Eragrostis sppe3 Gymnopogon foliosus spicatus Hackelochloa spe Hyparrhenia rufa Ichnanthus spe Lasiacis sp. Leptocoryphium lanatum Melinis minutiflora Mesosetum spe Olyra latifolia Oplismenus hirtellus Panicum campestre cervicatum Panicum spp? Paspalum carinatum plicatulum pulchellum stellatum Paspalum spp.7 Pennisetum setosum Rhynchelytrum roseum Setaria geniculata Setaria spe Sporobolus cubense Thrasya paspaloides Trachypogon mollis Tristachya chrysothrix leiostachya GUTTIFERAE Kielmeyera coriacea Tosea ICACINACEAE Emmotum nitens IRIDACEAE Cipura sp. Sisyrinchium vaginatum Trimezia juncifolia LABIATAE Labiatae sp.4 Eriope crassipes Clechoma spe Hyptis cana coccinea crinita glauca nudicaulis virgata Hyptis spp.3 Peltodon sp. LAURACEAE Cassytha americana Nectandra spe Ocotea spe LEGUMINOSAE Leguminosae spp.13 CAESALPINIOIDEAE Bauhinia burchellii bongardii tenella rufa Bauhinia spp. Dimorphandra mollis Diptychandra glabra Cassia basifolia cathartica cotinifolia cultrifolia Vol. 20, no. 2 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation Cassia flexuosa langsdorffia patellaria pilifera rotundifolia rugosa Cassia spp.6 Copaifera langsdorf fii Enterolobium ellipticum Hymenaea stigonocarpa stilbocarpa Hymenaea spe Sclerolobium aureum Sclerolobium sp. MIMOSOIDEAE Inga spe Mimosa laticifera platyphylla Mimosa sppe3 Piptadenia falcata macrocarpa perigrina Plathymenia reticulata Stryphnodendron adstringens obovatum PAPILIONOIDEAE Aeschynomene paucifolie Andira humilis nanum paniculata Andira spe Bowdichia virgiloides Centrosema spe Clitoria quyanensis Clitoria sp. Crotalaria anagyroides retusa Crotalaria sp. Dalbergia violacea Desmodium canum Desmodium spe Dipteryx alata Eriosema crinitum Eriosema spp.8 Erythrina spp. Galactia spp. Harpalyce brasiliana Indigofera gracilis Machaerium aculeatum acutifolium lanatum opacum Ormosia sp. Periandra mediterranea Phaseolus filinus Platypodium elegans Pterodon pubescens Rhynchosia sp. Riedeliella graciliflora Stylosanthes quyanensis montevidensis viscosa Sweetia dasycarpa pseudoslegans Torresea cearense Vatairea macrocarpa Zornia diphylla latifolia reticulata LILIACEAE Hereria sp. Smilax sppe LOGANIACEAE Antonia ovata Antonia sp. Strychnos pseudoquina Strychnos sp. LORANTHACEAE Phoradendron spe LYTHRACEAE Cuphea linariodes Lafoensia densiflora pacari MALPIGHIACEAE Banisteria intermedia Banisteria sp. Banisteriopsis sp. Byrsonima basiloba coccolobifolia 75 76 P YT O Ly OIG SrA Byrsonima crassifolia intermedia verbascifolia Camarea affinis Heteropteris affinis Peixotoa hirta Peixotoa spe Pterandra spe Tetrapteris jussieuana MALVACEAE Sida acutifolia cordifolia macrodon MARANTACEAE Maranta arundinacea MELASTOMATACEAE Melastomataceae spp.6 Acisanthera spe Miconia argentea Miconia spe Leandra spe Tibouchina spe MELIACEAE Cabralea spp. Guarea spe Trichilia sp. MENISPERMACEAE Mienispermaceae spDe Cissampelos ovalifolia Cissampelos spe MORACE AE Brosimum qaudichaudii Cecropia sp. Ficus spe Sorocea illicifolia MYRISTICACEAE Virola sebifera MYRSINACEAE Myrsine umbellata Myrsine spe Rapanea quianensis MYRTACEAE Myrtaceae spp. Campomanesia crenata Campomanesia sppe Eugenia bimaroginata klotzschiana Eugenia sppe Myrcia intermedia longipes rostrata Psidium spp.5 NYCTAGINACEAE Neea theifera Pisonia spe OCHNACEAE Ouratea castaneifolia floribunda nana Quratea spe Sauvagesia sp. ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia spe OPILIACEAE Agonandra brasiliensis ORCHIDACEAE Orchidaceae sop. Stenorhynchus coccineus Vanilla spe OXALIDACEAE Oxalis densifolia hirsutissima PALMAE Palmae sppel5 Acanthococos emenensis Acrocomia sclerocarpa Acrocomia spe Allagoptera campestre Attalea exicgua Butia sp. Vol. 20, no. 2 1970 Goodland, Cerrado vegetation q7 Syagrus spe POLYGALACEAE Bredmeyera floribunda Polygala angqulata Polygala sp. POLYGONACEAE Coccoloba sp. PROTEACEAE Roupala brasiliensis montana Roupala sp. RHAMNACE AE Crumenaria coluteoides Rhamnidium elaeocarpum RUBIACEAE Alibertia edulis obtusa Alibertia sp. Borreria capitata latifolia suaveolens viburnoides Borreria sp. Declieuxia sp. Diodia rosmarinifolia Cenipa sp. Guettarda angelica Hemidiodia ocimifolia Mitracarpus frigidus Witracarpus sp. Palicourea rigida xanthophylla (aff .coriacea) Palicourea sppe Psychotria involucrata Randia spp. Relbunium spe Richardia scabra Rudgia viburnoides Sabicea cana Sipanea snp. Tocoyena formosa RUTACEAE Fagara sp. Hortia brasiliana SAPINDACE AE Cupania spp. Dilodendron bipinnatum Magonia pubescens Matayba guianensis Seriania erecta grandiflora SAPOTACEAE Chrysophyllum soboliferum Chrysophyllum sp. Pouteria torta SIMARUBACEAE Simaba suffruticosa Simaruba amara SCROPHULARIACEAE Buchnera virgata SOLANACEAE Solanum balbisii lycocarpum (aff .crinitum) horridus Solanum sop. STERCULTACEAE Byttneria oblongata sagittifolia Helicteres sacarolha Helicteres sp. Waltheria americana communis SYMPLOCACEAE Symplocos nitens STYRACACEAE Styrax ferrugineum TILIACEAE luehea speciosa 78 PeH ay TOR LyONGriy a Vol. 20, no. 2 UMBELLIFERAE VOCHYSIACEAE Eryngium pristis Qualea orandiflora multiflora VERBENACEAE parviflora Aegiphila lhotzkyana Salvertia convallariodora verticillata Vochysia elliptica Amasonia spe elongata Lantana lasiocarycina pruinosa Lantana spp. rufa Lippia lupulina thyrsoidea Lippia sp. Vochysia spp.6 Stachytarpheta sp. Vitex sp. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. LII Harold N. Moldenke HYMENOPYRAMIS PUBESCENS Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex scandens (7); ramulis tetragonis dense adpresso- puberulentibus; foliis oppositis; petiolis ca. 1 cm. longis densissime adpresso—pubescentibus; laminis obovato—ellipticis 7—-11 cm. longis 3.5—-7.5 cm. latis acutis integris ad basin juventute acutis maturitate truncatis, supra densissime puberu- lis, subtus densissime breviterque pubescentibus glanduliferis; utriculis ovatis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis 1 cm. latis ubiqe densissime puberulis. Probably a climbing shrub; branches and branchlets obtusely tetragonal, the younger portions densely appressed-puberulent, the youngest parts more spreading-pubescent; leaves decussate- opposite; petioles about 1 cm. long, very densely appressed- pubescent; leaf-blades chartaceous, obovate-elliptic, 7—11 cm. long, 3.5—-7.5 cm. wide, apparently acute at the apex, entire along the margins, acute at the base when immature but rounded- truncate when mature, very densely puberulent above (under a hand-lens), plainly and very densely short-pubescent with ful- vous hairs beneath, more densely so on the larger venation; in- florescences axillary at the terminations of the branchlets, forming a leafy panicle, the branches diverging at right angles to the rachis, very densely appressed—pubescent with fulvous— cinereous hairs throughout; utricles membranous, ovate, appar= ently to 1.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, very densely puberulent throughout with yellowish hairs. The type of this species was collected by Kai Larsen, T. Santisuk, and E, Warncke (no. 309) at Nakhon Nayok, Sarika Falls, at an altitude of 300 meters, in central Thailand, on August 14, 1968, and is deposited in the herbarium of Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark. 1970 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 79 LIPPIA ALBA var. GLOBIFLORA (L'Hér.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Verbena globiflora L'Hér., Stirp. Nov. 1: 22-23, Ts'o 786. LIPPIA RONDONENSIS Moldenke, sp. nov. Suffruticosa, caulibus ramulisque brunneo-stramineis nitidis parcissime albido-pilosis demum subglabrescentibus )-jugosis med- ullosis subteretibus vel subtatragonis; foliis decussato- oppositis; petiolis brevibus; laminis tenuiter membranaceis oval- ibus argute serratis ad apicem basimque acutis utrinque sparsis- sime pilosulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus perbrevissimis. Subshrub, trailing; stems and branches brownish-stramineous, shiny, subterete or subtetragonal, l-ridged on the angles, med- ullose, very sparsely scattered-pilose with whitish hairs of various lengths mostly visible only under a hand-lens, glabres- cent in age; principal internodes apparently quite elongate, — 6 cm. long; nodes not annullate; leaves decussate-opposite, dark-green on both surfaces; petioles short, 3--10 mm, long, an- trorsely white-pilose with long appressed hairs; leaf-blades thin-membranous, oval, 5—-7 cm. long, 2—-2.8 cm. wide, acute at the apex and the base, short—dentate from the apex almost to the base with more or less antrorse teeth, very sparsely scattered- pilosulous above, more densely so beneath; inflorescence axil- lary, solitary, much shorter than the subtending leaf, 2--2.5 cm. long, capitate; peduncles slender, 1—-1.7 cm. long, rather densely long-pilose with whitish antrorse hairs; heads subglobose or oblong, rather many-flowered; bractlets lanceolate, about 5 mm, long and 3 mm. wide, long-attenmuate to the apex, rather densely white-strigose and antrorsely ciliate; corolla hypocrat- eriform, purple, the tube equaling the subtending bractlet. The type of this species was collected by G. T. Prance, E. Forero, B. L. Wrigley, J. F. Ramos, and L. G, Farias (no. 6761) on the a EY of Rio Paca&s Novos km. above its mouth, - in the basin of the Rio Madeira, Rondénia, Brazil, on August a 1968, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The species is obviously related to the widespread and highly variable L. alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. STACHYTARPHETA STRIGOSA var. ALAINII Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pilis ramorum foliorumqe spicarumque multoties brevioribus sparsioribusque et rhachidibus multo gracilioribus recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the hairs on the stems, branches, leaves, and spikes much shorter and more sparse and the rachis much more slender when ma- ture. The leaf-blades are also in general narrower and much longer-attenuate into the petiole at the base. The type of this variety was collected by Brother Alain H. Lio- gier (no. 15340) — in whose honor it is named — in grassy places along the wayside on the plateau at Jaiqui Picado, in the lime- stone hills, at an altitude of 300—l00 meters, 20 miles west of Santiago, Dominican Republic, on May 23, 1968, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. 80 Pa YoT"Oun+0"'>G Tra Vol. 20, no. 2 SYNGONANTHUS GRAO-MOGOLENSIS var. DETONSUS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei tomentis in axillis foli- orum nullis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the tuft of hairs lacking in the leaf-axils of the stem and in having the peduncles glabrous. The type of this variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, R. Reis dos Santos, R. Souza, and S. F. de Fonseca (no. 2335h) in cerrado ieterseersed with ‘wet rocky campo about 8 km. west of Grfo Mogol, at an elevation of 950 meters, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on February 16, 1969, and is deposited in’ my personal herbarium. at Plainfield, New Jersey. The collectors describe the plant as an erect herb about 0 cm. tall, with white flower-heads, growing in the wet campo. SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS var. PRANCEI Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pedunculis primariis brevibus et pedunculis secundariis densissime longeque albo- villosis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its primary peduncles only 1.5--3.5 cm. long and its secondary peduncles very densely white-villous with long and wide-spreading or subreflexed silky hairs. The type of the variety was collected by G. T. Prance and N. T. Silva (no. 58471) beside a small stream, where it is said to have been common, ion, 2--6 km. north of eeaeens do Norte, in north- ern Goids, Brazil, on July 29, 1964, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. VERBENA LITORALIS var. CONGESTA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei spicis maturis valde ab- breviatis congestisque 1—-2 cm. longis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its mature inflorescence spikes very conspicuously abbrev— iated and congested, being only 1--2 cm. long in fruit. The type of the variety was collected by D. E. Breedlove and F. S. Kawahara (no. 16735) on a slope with Quércus urbani, Q. epileuca, Pinus Tumholzii, P. ayacahuite, and ind Arbutus xalapen- sis, along a small ema at an altitude of 5800 feet, half a mle north of Los Ornos, in the municipality of Badiraguato, in the Sierra Surutto, Sinaloa, Mexico, on November 1, 1969, and is deposited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey. The inflorescences of this plant are so distinctive that, if future collections indicate this to be a constant character, it may deserve specific rank. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XXXT Harold N. Moldenke LACHNOCAULON GLABRUM Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 36, 40, 1, 6, & 48-52. 1970. Additional citations: FLORIDA: County undetermined: Cabanis s. n. [Florida] (B—type). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kérnicke (B). LACHNOCAULON MINUS (Chapm.) Small Bibliography: A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 3, 531. 1897; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 23h, 235, & 1328. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 99. 1908; J. K. Small, Fl. Soutneast. U. S., ed. 2, 234 & 235. 1913; J. K. Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 257. 1933; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 47 & h9o— 50. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 331, 349, 352—35h, 356, 357, 32, & 363. 1939; A. C. Martin, Am. Mid]. Nat. 36: 533, pl. h. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 37, 90, 139, 20, 257, 283, 28h, 287, & 290. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 2, 3, & 42. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 373.(1947) and 2: hol. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. list Cit. 2: 59-61, 78, 480, 508, & 631 (1948), 3: 760, 772, 777, 822, Bil, 899, & 942 (1949), and 4: 11k, 1118, 1125, 1126, 1135, 1175, 1177, 1191, & 1296. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 7-9 & 207. 1949; Mol- denke, Phytologia 3: 80 & 142 (1949) and 3: 495--\96. 1951; Thorne, Am. Midl. Nat. 52: 282. 195); Moldenke, Résumé 10, 11, 13, 302, & 48h. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 2 (1959) and h: 2 & h. 1962; Radford, Ahles, & Bell, Vasc. Fl. Carol. 106 & 107. 196; R. Kral, Sida 2: 315, 316, 321—323, 325, & 331. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: 43. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1]. 1968; Eleuterius & Jones, Rhodora 71: 31. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 381 (1969), 19: 232 (1970), and 20: 35, 36, 1, 46, 9, 50, & 52. 1970. Illustrations: A. C. Martin, Am. Midl. Nat. 36: pl. . 196; R. Kral, Sida 2: 322. 1966. Radford, Ahles, & Bell (196) say that in the Carolinas this species flowers from May to October and is found in "Bogs, ditches, savannahs, low pineiands" on the coastal plain. In Georgia Thorne (195) states that it is infrequent on the margins of ponds and o- pen grassy of boggy areas. Other collectors have found it in low grassy meadows, sandy-peaty pond margins, moist soil at edge of lily ponds, damp pine barrens, the edges of limestone sinks, sandy oak woods, and pond margins in general, flowering and fruiting from May to September and November. Harper says that it is "common around edges of small lakes among high sandy hills"; Godfrey found it on "shores of pond" and on "sandy-peaty shores of sinkhole lake"; Godfrey & Fox found it "very abundant on sandy pond margins"; while Webster avers that it is "common in low sandy areas bordering de- 81 82 PHYTOLOGTIA Vol. 20, no, 2 pressions on dunes of white sand with low scrub of Quercus, Per- sea, Bumelia, Befaria, etc. Curtiss found it "spreading flat" on wotat Tealltr vated aren ana and thought that it had been introduced, identifying it as Paepalanthus pilulifer Korn. and noting that it was supposedly native to Brazil. Tomlinson encountered it "in wet sand at margin of lake, not inundated and forming a more or less continuous peripheral zone". Kral, on the labels of his collections, describes the plant as tufted and the inflorescence-head dull or dull gray-brown. He found the plant "in sandy peat of roadbank seepage in longleaf pine flatwoods", "on sandy=-peaty shore of small lake in longleaf pine - turkey oak hills, mixed with L. engleri", "in wet sands of borrow pit in pine flatwoods", "in moist sandy peat of bank of pine - saw palmetto flatwoods * pond", and "very abundant on sandy upper margin of pineland limesinks". Most important, however, are his comments on the label accompanying Kral 1777, where he says "on sandy shore of small lake forming a brown 'fuzz' along the upper shore; this mixed with chocolate heads of L. engleri; this is the plant Small called L. eciliatum and it may be that hybrids between L. minus and L. - engleri do fit Small's descrip— tion". In his 1966 work Kral states that L. minus grows in "Sands, sandy-peats and peatmuck of margins of f pineland woods, afte banks, lakeshores, or moist exposed sands of mildly acid seepage areas * and mildly acid marshes along the seacoast, coastal plain, Florida, n. to North Carolina. Type. 'low pine barrens, Bristol, Liberty Co., Florida, Chapman'. At NY. This species may occur in mixed populations with L. anceps or L. engleri. It is dis- tinguished from the former by its s its smaller stature, smaller, dark- er heads, and by the translucent rather than white-opaque, * ae vate trichomes on bracts and sepals. It is distinguished from the latter by its paler-brown heads and by its usually hairy scapes. L. minus appears to require more moisture than L. anceps; I have yet to f to find it in drier flatwoods localities in which L. anceps may abound. Examination by this writer of the type of L L. ecilia- tum Small (Curtiss, N. A. Pl.. no. 3022) resulted in a decision to treat such material as L. minus, in that the only difference appears to be one of degree of pubescence on bracts and sepals of female flowers together with slight differences in length of parts (all of which are ac¢rescent in Eriocaulaceae) ." Chapman's original (1897) description of this taxon is "Scapes 2'--3' high, heads 1 1/2" wide. -- Low pine barrens, Bristol, Florida, May--July." Material has been misidentified and dis- tributed in herbaria under the names L. beyrichianum Sporleder, L. glabrum Kérn., L. michauxii Kunth, “and Eriocaulon septangulare With. On the other 7 hand, the Ahles L56/u8, J. A. Drushel 10812, 26103, & 2810h, | Oosting 3555, A. E. Radford 1095, Radford & Sti & Stew 1970 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 83 art 401 & 455, P. O. Schallert 5447, and Singletary s.n. [Feb. 29, 1936], A. distributed as L. mimus, are all L. anceps (Walt.) Morong, while Buell & West 172 and R. eT Godfrey 4680 are L. beyrichi- anum Sporleder. ~~ Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Bladen Co.: Davis & Davis 10498 (Se—162560); Fox & Godfrey 26); (N); A. A. Heller 102 (Se--88012). Brunswick Co.: Blomquist 15295 . (Ca——-946476); Bla Blom- quist, Godfrey, & Wilbur 15295 (N); Br (N); Bradley ¢ & Stevenson 3306 (N (N, $—2309475 Re — Godfrey 49 19350 (No—17 Cy 149390 (No--16390) ; odfrey & Fox 49742 [South. Appal. Bot. Club Distrib. 9: 822] Aes N, No—-18856, No-~2l6, We, We). Cumberland Co.: Fox & Godfrey 2592 (N). New Hanover Cos: C. Re. Bell 12973 (Hi— 13739); R. K. Godfrey s.n. [Plant. Exsicc. Gray. 926] (Ca—7h1292, Hi-~22050, Hi--5389, Ms—8030, N, Ok, S, St, Ws); meee 8.n. (Wilmington, June 1892] (ca—202)02) . Onslow Co.: R. Kral 22h72— (N). Pender Co.: Ahles & Leisner 32188 (Hi—137)6). SOUTH CARO- LINA: Bamberg Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 30588 (Hi-~13h7h1, N). Berke- ley Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 30793 (Hi--136139). Georgetown Co.: R. Kral 19018 (N). Jasper Co.: .: Ahles & Bell 18090 (Hi—9713)). GEORGIA: Baker Co.: R. F. Thorne ne 363 (N, Vi), | 5047 (Mi, We), 5066 (Ca--906390). FLORIDA: Duval Co.: Curtiss 6201 (Hi (Hi, S). Franklin Co.: R. Kral 2818 (N). Highlands Co.: Tomlinson 10-6-63 K (Ft— 271); G G. L. “L. Webster 4179 (N). Lake Co.: R. M. Harper rper 2 (1 (W— 513523); G. V. Nash 148 (Ca—115162, Mm—7950, Ms—151,07), 1295 a “Mm—7949, Ms—15),98), 1855 (Ms—15499). Leon Co. Godfrey 53502 (N), 62896 (Ft—273), 63238 (Ft—27h); Kral & ate sen. [15 Aug. 1962] (N). Orange Co.: P. 0. Schallert ory U7 (Se (Se—20176h) ; Wilbur & Webster 2645 (Mi, N). Pasco Cos: Wiegand 7784 (S). “Polk Co.: McFarlin in 6060 (Mi); P. O. Schallert sen. (April 30, 191] (Ca—8L1817). Seminole Co.: R. Kral 20457 (5 P. 0. Schallert 5447 (Ut—89778b). Volusia Co. Curtiss 689k, “in part (S, W—39)791); R. Kral 1827 (N). Wakulla Co.: Re K. Godfrey 55667 (N). Walton Co.: Curtiss 5911 (ca—1h)667, Dt, Hi, S); R. Kral 17747 (N); F. H. Sargent s.n. [June 19, 1950] (Ws). LEIOTHRIX Ruhl. Synonymy: Stephanophyllum Guill. in Deless., Icon. Sel. 3: 61, nom. provis. 1837. Leio Ruhl. apud Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 298, sphalm. 1908. Eriocaulon Auct. (in part) apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 90, in syn. 1930 [not Eriocaulon Gron., 1743, nor (Gron.) L., 1908, nor Juss., 1810, nor L., 1816, nor Mart., 1959]. Leithrix Angely, Liv. Gen. Bot. Bras. 48a, ” sphalm. 1960. Leothrix Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph., ed. 2, 113 & 179, in syn. sphalm. 1965. Leiotrhix Moldenke ex J. A. "Steyern., Act. Bot. Venez. 1: 98, sphalm. 1966. Stephanophyllum Pouls., in 8h PHY 1P