Ae TR Cea Steer errs bree: Lt Sem, Bolo DR fret Rvds FP ae are cheat od LP AN WES a C0 Gites 3 at ky are re Ne ety eco er ee ee acne De eee eared PRAM Gof. ON SIGE are SF bate eee VENI aol Todo Kemrwr ge PER 6 Deh OS 010) 4 oon Wsecesee ren Petar tr ny WS yews Te SSR es a ae IN eee NeW eh ee : ae Rates ee : BONS BREN te MRNAS oan ote ine dhl have a ; PPE ING LES Dice AEDS Ror e a EO EY OMA Lg Ben ccelte kegs SCRE, SF ee UNEP ree venient prep napa seregin LE Pa mee OE many SOM ena i ok Perey DEF Nigancttetip ne Cee eae, AYN AAR CH Peagye Ue ae NNR be enon. Bapoodnten Mt HR OF AW, rare fis Peete FR Gk re be eee C98 ee Eo, SO Te FOOT Be tha tge SF TIN Ak MO Eas Odin Sen € ee ae EP Gu terie Pal el Se WSR, Tab E Ca DA on REN “tra w ru ae es aes S 5 natAR AB. am alee fy me fy ec ee ee eres i Se ene ae ON Os Nag arte a haan Tota Sala eae ae aes PPB heen ge ” A ane Bsa So wate ee ae VE oe epee een) Oe t h ae rey SAM ene ge ae eae ye Bae ON Mak ort wy Avatagaoee an foe res rth cs foe ny CP sae aie Metevam ine os Scie TNR nara ate a sae alae, Ce tee SEA tn ee yates 9, eS ee Ske a, OLN ak APM etintat Do Pup Cs We Pete wrage cine ee er aa Oh arene ene ee Pee nen Sra ants eee Path AN, ol omas ott feat “Cane 7, bi Ks PHYTOLOGIA _ An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 52 September 1982 No. 1 SEP 3 0 1982 e CONTENTS i Nev ,rORK ; ‘ BOTANICAL GARDE y FOOTE, M. A., The algae of New Jersey (U.S.A.) III. Pyrrohophyta F tiiailazelldtes) Gadshsl ook BHO Roche OAL RU MRR eta eran Wee 1 — BROOKS, R. E., New combinations in Delphinium and Rhus ...... 8 D’ARCY, W. G.. Jaltomata werfii (Solanaceae), a new species from the Archipelago de Colon (Galapagos Islands) ...9 BEETLE, A. A., Noteworthy grasses from Mexico X..........4.: 11 MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. P SEO ELS Soot A RR MARE AP Aer ah ere oy le A SET YD Hh 8 18 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Faradaya . PROC NACER EG La). w dnc Se aici Stee Re a DIS REA eRe Ree eR 20 = MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Congea. III .. 45 = SMITH, L. B., & READ, R. W., Notes on Bromeliaceae, XLI.... 49 & WURDACK, J. J., Certamen Melastomataceis XXXV ............ 61 E peri "A, 1.., Book reviews .~ 0.02. cece c e ks dees ceeevees 70 z FS = y SSS EOE ra i" Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke z . 303 Parkside Road 3 Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. _ = Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $13.00 in advancé or $14.00 after = close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic Jealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost ‘n the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. hes aa The Algae of New Jersey (U.S.A.) III. Pyrrhophyta (Dinoflagellates) MaryAnn Foote Ecology Program Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 This is the third paper in a series detailing the occurrence and distribution of algae in the state of New Jersey. Dinoflagellates are important primary producers of both fresh and salt waters. Most are oceanic plankton forms but freshwater species are often abundant in drainage ditches, pools or small lakes. Blooms of some Marine species cause "red tides" and result in fish and animal kills. Again the genera are listed alphabetically and collection dates chronologically within them. If no citation is given, the species was noted by the author. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ellen J. Vastola who prepared this document on the DEC-20 at Rutgers University. PYRRHOPHYTA DINOFLAGELLATES Amphidinium carterae Hulbert Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Amphidinium crassum Lohmann northern shore (7) Amphidinium fusiforme Martin Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);common in Barnegat Bay (1,2);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Amphidinium klebsii Kofoid & Swezy northern shore (7) Amphidinium operculatum Clap & Saehm not common in Shallow clear water, over a sandy bottom (1) Amphidinium sphenoides Wulff Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Ceratium bucephalum Clive rare (1,2);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Ceratium buceros Zacharias northern shore (7) 2 Posy, © OFLTO1Geies Vol. S25 eNoeee Ceratium furca (Ehrenberg) Dujardin northern shore (7) Ceratium fusus (Ehrenberg) Clap & Saehm well-known pelagic species brought into Barnegat Bay by currents (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Ceratium hirundinella (O.F.M.) Dujardin Delaware-Raritan canal, May-Mar (8) Ceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg) Cleve northern shore (7) Ceratium longipes (Bailey) Gran northern shore (7) Ceratium macroceros (Ehrenberg) Letour Barnegat Bay (4,5,6) Ceratium minutum Jorgensen occasionally in Barnegat Bay (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Ceratium teres Kofoid northern shore (7) Ceratium trichoceros (Ehrenberg) Kofoid northern shore (7 Ceratium tripos Ehrenberg fairly common at or near Barnegat Inlet (1); Barnegat Bay (4);northern shore (7) Cochlodinium helix (Pouch) Temm & Lebour Barnegat Bay, rare (1) Cystodinium bataviense Klebs Helmetta (3) Dinophysis acuminata Claparide & Sachmann Barnegat Bay and ocean, fairly common (1); Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Dinophysis acuta Ehrenberg Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Dinophysis acuminata Claparide & Sachmann Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Dinophysis caudata Kent Barnegat Inlet (i);northern shore (7) Dinophysis lackmanni Paulsen northern shore (7 Dinophysis norvegica Claparide & Sachmann northern shore (7 Dinophysis ovum Schutt occasional, Barnegat Bay and ocean (1); Barnegat Bay (4,6);northern shore (7) Dipolopsalis lenticula Bergh faeces Bay, apparently not common (1);Barnegat Bay 4,5,6) Exuviella apora Schiller common in Barnegat and Delaware Bays and often found in oyster stomachs (1);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Exuviella baltica Lohmann northern shore (7) 1982 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 3 Exuviella compressa (Stein) Ostenfeld locally common in Barnegat Bay and often in oyster stomachs (1); Barnegat Bay, Sept-Dec (4);northern shore (7) Exuviella lima (Ehrenberg) Butschli common in Barnegat Bay (1);Barnegat Bay, Sept-Dec (4); Barnegat Bay, Little Egg Harbor, Tuckerton Bay (9) Exuviella mariae-lebouriae Park & Ballantine northern shore (7 Exuviella marina Cienkowski northern shore (7) Glenodinium brave Martin northern shore (7) Glenodinium danicum Paulsen Barnegat Bay, very,.common frequently coloring tidal pools brown and often in oyster stomachs (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Glenodinium gymnodinium Penard Delaware-Raritan Canal, Jan-Apr (8) Glenodinium kulczynski (Wolosz) Schiller Delaware-Raritan Canal, Oct (8) Glenodinium lenticula (Bergh) Schiller northern shore (7 Glenodinium marinum Massart northern shore (7) Gonyaulax apiculata (Penard) Entz northern shore (7 Gonyaulax diacantha (Meunier) Schiller northern shore (7 Gonyaulax diegensis Kofoid northern shore (7) Gonyaulax digitale (Pouchet) LeBour Barnegat Bay (5 Gonyaulax longicornu Campbell northern shore (7) Gonyaulax polyedra Stein northern shore (7 Gonyaulax polygramma Stein Barnegat Bay (5 Gonyaulax scrippsae Kofoid Barnegat Bay, common (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat, Tuckerton Bay (9) Gonyaulax spinifera (Clap & Saehm)Diesing Barnegat Bay, common (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat, Tuckerton Bay (9) Gonyaulax tricantha Jorgensen Barnegat Bay (5 Gymodinium amplinucleum Campbell northern shore (7) Gymnodinium aureum Kofoid and Swezy northern shore (7) 4 PP HSY LT OSL OrGeEvaA Vol. 52, No. 1 Gymnodinium danicans Campbell northern shore (7 Gymnodinium galesianum Campbell northern shore (7 Gymnodinium gracilentum Campbell northern shore (7) Gymnodinium incolratum Conrad & Kufferath Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Gymnodinium lazulum Hulbert northern shore (7 Gymnodinium marinum Kent Northern shore (7) Gymnodinium nelsoni Martin Barnegat Bay, not uncommon (1,2);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6); northern shore (7) Gymnodinium punctatum Pouchet Barnegat Bay, extremely abundant (1); Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Gymnodinium roseostigma Campbell northern shore (7) Gymnodinium simplex (Lohman) Kofoid & Swezy northern shore (7) Gymnodinium splendens Lebour most abundant large species in Barnegat Bay, occuring in dense swarms Aug-Sept (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton (9) Gymnodinium stellatum Hulbert northern shore (7 Gymnodinium subroseum Campbell northern shore (7 Gymnodinium subrufescens Martin Barnegat Bay, abundant in certain brackish pools;Delaware Bay, abundant causing patches of red water (1,2);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat, Tuckerton Bay (9) Gymnodinium valdecompressum Campbell northern shore (7) Gymnodinium verruculosum Campbell northern shore (7) Gyrodinium aureolum Hulbert northern shore (7 Gyrodinium dominans Hulbert Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Gyrodinium estuariale Hulbert northern shore (7 Gyrodinium falcatum Kofoid & Swezy northern shore (7) Gyrodinium formosum Campbell northern shore (7 Gyrodinium gloculum Hulbert northern shore (7) Gyrodinium metum Hulbert northern shore (7) 1982 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 5 Gyrodinium pellucidum Wulff extremely abundant, Barnegat Bay (1); Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Gyrodinium pingue (Schutt) Kofoid & Swezy Barnegat Bay, not uncommon (1); Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Gyrodinium resplendens Hulbert Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Gyrodinium spirale (Bergh) Kofoid & Swezy northern shore (7) Gyrodinium uncatenum Hulbert northern shore (7 Gyrodinium undulans Hulbert northern shore (7) _ Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenberg) Stein Barnegat Bay Pa RcEEhech shore (7) Katodinium asymmetricum (Massart) Loeblich III northern shore (7 Katodinium rotundatum (Lohmann) Loeblich III northern shore (7 Krytoperidinium foliaceum (Stein) Lindemann Barnegat Bay, not uncommon (1) Nematodinium armatum (Dogiel) Kofoid & Swezy Barnegat Bay, abundant, Aug (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6) Noctiluca scintillans Macartney Barnegat Bay (4,5,6) Oblea rotunda (Lebour) Balech northern shore (7) Peridiniopsis rotunda Lebour Barnegat Bay;extremely abundant in plankton and often in oyster stomachs (1);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Peridinium achromaticum Levander Tuckerton and Barnegat Bay, not rare (1) Peridinium breve Paulsen northern shore (7) Peridinium brevipes Paulsen Barnegat Bay, abundant in various parts (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Peridinium claudicans Paulsen Tuckerton Bay, common (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat, Tuckerton Bay (9) Peridinium concoides Paulsen northern shore (7 Peridinium depressum Bailey Barnegat Bay f= Gi enortheue shore (7) Peridinium divaricatum (Meunier) Parke northern shore (7 Peridinium divergens Ehrenberg northern shore (7) Peridinium excavatum Martin Barnegat Bay, common (1,2);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern 6 PHY. D0) LNOiGaL A Vol. 52, No. 1 shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat,Tuckerton Bay (9) Peridinium granii Ostenfeld Barnegat Bay (4,5,6) Peridinium leonis Pavillard Barnegat Bay, common;Delaware Bay, abundant (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Peridinium pallidum Ostenfeld Tuckerton Bay (1,);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Peridinium pellucidum (Bergh) Schutt Barnegat Bay, rare (1) Peridinium roseum Paulsen Barnegat Bay (4,5,6) Peridinium triquetra (Stein) Barnegat Bay (4,5,6 Peridinium trochoideum (Stein) Lemm Barnegat Bay, extremely abundant (2);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6); northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Peridinopsis rotunda Lebour Barnegat Bay (4,5,6) Polykrikos barnegatensis Martin Barnegat Bay, Sept (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Polykrikos kofoidii Chatton Barnegat and Delaware Bay, abundant (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little-Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg extremely common in Barnegat Bay and in ocean waters; almost always found in oyster stomachs (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller northern shore (7 Prorocentrum redfieldi Bursa Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Prorocentrum scutellum Schroder common in ocean waters and at times in Barnegat Bay (1); Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7) Prorocentrum triangulatum Martin extremely common in Barnegat Bay;occasionally the most abundant organism in oyster stomachs (1);Barnegat Bay (4,5,6);northern shore (7);Little Egg Harbor, Barnegat and Tuckerton Bay (9) Protoceratium reticulatum (Clasp & Saehm) Bergh Barnegat Bay (1 1982 Foote, Algae of New Jersey / References 1. Martin, GW. 1928. Dinoflagellates from marine and brackish waters of New Jersey. Iowa Studies Natl History 2S ea pl Ze 1929. Three new dinoflagellates from New Jersey. Bot. Gazette 50:556-8 3. Moul, E T and H F Buell. 1979. Algae of the Pine Barrens. IN: RTT Forman, editor. Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape. Academic Press, N Y 60ipp 4. Mountford, K. 1967. The occurrence of Pyrrhophyta in a brackish cove, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey at Mantolaking, May through December, 1966. Bull N J Acad Sci 12:9-12 ie 1969. A seasonal plankton cycle in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. MS Thesis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 6. 1971. Plankton studies in Barnegat Bay. PhD Dissertation. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 7. Olsen,P and M Cohn. 1979. Phytoplankton in lower New York Bay and adjacent New Jersey estuarine and coastal waters. Bull N J Acad Sci 24:59-69 8. Renlund, RW. 1953. A study of the net plankton of the Delaware and Raritan Canal. PhD Dissertation. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 9. Sugihara, T and C. Yearsley, J B Durand and N P Psuty. 1979. Comparison of Natural and Altered Estuarine Systems: Analysis. Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 247pp NEW COMBINATIONS IN DELPHINIUM AND RHUS Ralph E. Brooks University of Kansas Herbarium, Lawrence, KS 66044 Recent herbarium and particularly field studies indicate that two nomenclatural changes not previously made are in order. These are made herein so that they are available for use in several forth- coming publications. Delphinium carolinianum Walt. subsp. virescens R. E. Brooks, comb. nov. Basionym: D. virescens Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 14. 1818. Warnock (1981) treated virescens as a synonym of D. carolin- ianum subsp. pernardii (Huth) Warnock. Field examinations of numerous individuals combined with morphological evaluations, including SEM studies of the seeds, indicate that virescens is sufficiently distinct from pernardii to warrant taxonomic recog- nition of virescens. Warnock's (op. cit.) concept of subspecies in this group is new, however, and one with which I agree. Subsp. virescens has mostly equally distributed cauline leaves with few basal leaves and the upper stem and rachis are covered with basally yellow, pustualte trichomes. It occurs in the eastern Great Plains and adjacent eastern areas from North Dakota south to northeast Texas and Missouri. Subsp. pernardii usually has a distinct basal rosette of leaves with few cauline leaves, the upper stem is can- escent and sparsely pustulate hairy, and the rachis is canescent. The subspecies occurs in the western Great Plains from western Nebraska south to Texas. Rhus aromatica Ait. subsp. flabelliformis (Shinners) R. E. Brooks, comb. nov. Basionym: Rhus aromatica var. flabelliformis Shinners, Field £ Labi 19:"86. 195i" Rhus aromatica Ait. subsp. serotina (Greene) R. E. Brooks, comb. nov. Basionym: Schmaltzia serotina Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. ds 151-7 31905: Weber et al. (1981) published the combination Rhus aromatica subsp. pilosissima (Engelm.) W. A. Weber but did not make new combinations for the above phases of R. aromatica occurring in the Great Plains. LITERATURE CITED Warnock, M. J. 1981. Biosystematics of the Delphinium carolin- ianum complex. Syst. Bot. 6: 38-54. Weber, W. A., B. C. Johnston and R. Wittman. 1981. Additions to the flora of Colorado - VII. Brittonia 33: 325-331. 8 JALTOMATA WERFII (SOLANACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE ARCHIPELAGO DE COLON (GALAPAGOS ISLANDS) . We'Ge DUVARGY MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN iL Jaltomata werfii D'Arcy spec. nov. TYPE: Isabela (Albemarle) Island, van der Werff 1503 (MO, isotypes reportedly at CAS and U, neither seen. Herb to ?1 m tall, stems angular, glabrescent, emergent parts with long, weak, perhaps viscous hairs. Leaves tardily glabrescent, on emerging with scattered, weak, white multi- cellular simple hairs, ovate, mostly 6-9 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, apically short acuminate, basally deltoid to subtruncate, sometimes somewhat oblique or dimidiate, the margins shallowly and somewhat irregularly sinuately lobed, the lobes (teeth) broadly acuminate, the sinuses rounded; petioles glabrescent, 1/3 to 1/2 as long as the leaf, minutely winged in the apical portion, inserted in pairs at the nodes of branches. Inflorescences 3-4 flowered axillary umbels; peduncle slender, ca. 1 cm long; pedicels ca. 5 mm long, hirsute with long, weak multicellular hairs. Flowers with the calyx ca. 1 cm across (in juvenile fruit), the lobes rounded-acute, apiculate, the sinuses deltoid, the costa prominent, the lobes short pub- escent within, the limb glabrate, the calyx copiously pub- escent outside; corolla white, rotate, ca. 2 cm across, del- toid lobed, apparently slightly constricted just above the ovary, the lobes and the rim of the ovary constriction ciliate; stamens with the filaments unequal, 2 & 4 mm long in the same flower, glabrous above, ciliolate basally, the anthers ca. 1 mm long. This species differs from Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J. L. Gentry, the widespread species on the American mainland, in its copiously pubescent young parts, its white flowers, orange fruit, and in its unequal stamens. It also tends to have more conspicuously lobed leaves. Jaltomata has now been collected from three islands in the Galapagos group, and the variability present is striking. The above description, taken from the type specimen, is of a glabrate plant with small flowers and calyces. One collection : Jaltomata werfii, herba erecta v. repens. Differt Jaltomatis alteris foliis pubescentibus, corolla alba, ciliata, fructu aurantiaco. 9 10 PHY TOL 0'¢ Tr A Vol. 52, No. 1 by the Adsersens (940) is a plant copiously pubescent in all parts with calyces ca 2 cm across, very different on overall appearance, and another of their collections (540) is inter- mediate between the type collection and their collection 940. The genus Jaltomata, which has never been revised, has a wide range of morphology, and for convenience, only one species, J. procumbens, is usually recognized on the mainland, although there would seem to be a number of species actually present. It is therefore expedient to recognize only one species for the Galapagos at this time. The type collection was made by Henk van der Werff, now at the Missouri Botanical Garden, while on an ecological study of the islands. By letter he reports: '"Jaltomata occurs on the upper windward (therefore wet) slopes of Alcedo and Santa Cruz. I found it mostly in two habitats. One is along tree fern thic- kets (Cyathea weatherbyana); such thickets are rare, but Jal- tomata was always present. The second habitat is in steep _ lava holes near the summit of Santa Cruz. The prevailing vegetation in the summit area is evergreen herbaceous——Fern Sedge zone in Wiggins & Porter's Flora (1971)--but inside these holes a low evergreen vegetation is present. These small forest stands are somewhat different from the vegetation types described by Wiggins & Porter. Presence and abundance of tall ferns (Cyathea, Dennstaedtia, Diplazium and Tectaria) suggest that these forest patches are closely related to the Miconia scrub." COLLECTIONS SEEN: FERNANDINA (NARBOROUGH): Uncommon, branched herb, height 50 cm. white flowers, SW part of main caldera rim, small densly vegetated vally, 1350 m, Adsersen & Adsersen 540 (C). Here and there, subshrub, white flowers, accrescent calyx, fruit a globose dark berry, S rim, mixed dry highland forest on S facing slope, 1400 m. Adsersen & Adsersen 940 (2 sheets, C). ISABELA (ALBEMARLE): Corolla white, pubescent; stem thick, juicy at base, slightly creeping and ascending, leaves and calyx pubescent, edge of tree fern thicket, volcano Alcedo, 1020 ft, van der Werff 1503 (MO). SANTA CRUZ (INDEFATIGABLE) : Flower white, fruits orange, not common, in sheltered areas near top of main peak, 2075 ft, Bowman 79 (UC). Corolla white, margin of corolla pubescent; stem angular, hollow, slightly creeping and suffrutescent at base, in deep shade in lave hole with dense vegetation, near summit of island, 2200 ft, van der Werff 1352 (MO). Wiggins, I. L. & D. M. Porter. 1971 Flora of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford Univ. Press. NOTEWORTHY GRASSES FROM MEXICO X Alan A. Beetle APDO Postal 284 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico These are results from continuing studies sponsored by the Comision Tecnico Consultiva para la Determinacion Regional de los Coeficientes de Agostadero, fundada en 1966, under the Secretaria de Agricultura y recursos Hidraulicos. For previous papers see Phytologia 27:1974; 28:1974; 30:1975; 35:1977; 38:1978; 47:1981; and 49:33-43. 1981. Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) BSP var. laxiflora (Gray) comb. nov. Agrostis scabra Willd. Sp. Pl. 1:370. 1797. Agrostis michauxii var. laxiflora A. Gray, N. Amer. Gram. & Cyp. 1:17. 1834. Trichodium laxiflora (Michx.) Richards, Bot. App. Franklin Jour. 731. 1823. Although Hitchcock's Manual does not indicate a southern distribution into Mexico for either A. hiemalis or A. scabra they have both been reported. After an examination of many collections the conclusion is reached that only A. scabra occurs in Mexico and that it is better treated as a variety of A. hiemalis. Andropogon semiglabrum (Nash) comb. nov. Schizachyrium semiglabrum Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17:103. 1912 Described from Sierra Madre, near Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua, Mexico. Type: C. H. Townsend and C. M. Barbar 335. Bouteloua gracilis (HBK) Lag. ex Steud. var. major (Vasey) Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. ex A. Gray var. major Vasey ex L.H. Dewey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 2:531. 1894. Type, Lemmon 427 (a cultivated plant); type locality Mexico B. gracilis var. major has racemes which are 6 to 7 cm long. In B. gracilis var. gracilis relatively large racemes are only 4 cm long. 8B. gracilis var. major has been collected in the Mexican states of Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Guanajuato, and Hidalgo. ib 12 PHY TOL.0 Gr A Vol. 52, No. 1 Bouteloua hirsuta var. palmeri Vasey in Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2:417. 1896. Erucaria glandulosa Cerv., Naturaleza 1:347. 1870. Bouteloua hirticulmis Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Gire. 302421901 Bouteloua bolanderi Vasey ex Beal. Grasses N. Amer. 2:417. 1896, nomen. Bouteloua glandulosa (Cerv.) Swallen, N. Amer. Fl. 17: Zi IS39 Bouteloua hirsuta, Lag. var. glandulosa (Cerv.) Gould, Jour. Arnold Arbor. 60:320. 1979. Swallen in making the new combination states ''Perennial; very similar in habit and appearance to B. hirsuta, differing mostly in its conspicuously papillose-hirsute culms; awns of the rudiment somewhat longer than in B. hirsuta, the spikes therefore more bristly." According to Gould ''The occurrence of forms of B. hirsuta with sparsely hirsute culms in the Santa Rita Mountains supports Griffiths' observations that B. glandulosa is probably only a form of B. hirsuta and not distinct." < B. hirsuta var. palmeri Vasey is described by Vasey as ''much larger, often a meter high; spikes 3-6 in number, broader, often 4 mm long.'' (Note: this seems to be a mistake for 4 cm long). If Bouteloua glandulosa is to be treated as a variety of Bouteloua hirsuta then B. hirsuta var. palmeri Vasey is the earliest name. Brachiaria arizonica (Scribn. & Merr.) Blake var. major (Vasey) comb. nov. Panicum fuscum Swartz var. majus Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Divi Agrost.(Giinc. ssZ2ese LOO Panicum fasciculatum var. major (Vasey) Beal, Grasses North America 2:117. 1896 1982 Beetle, Noteworthy grasses from Mexico 13 Brachiaria arizonica (Scribn. & Merr.) Blake var. laeviglume Scribn. & Merr.) comb. nov. Panicum arizonicum var. laeviglume Scribn. & Merr. USS2sDepts Agr Dive vAGrositeGiire 32:3 SON. Described from ''Mescal, Arizona''. Brachiaria arizonicum (Scribn. & Merr.) Blake var. tenue (Scribn. & Merr.) comb. nov. Panicum arizonicum var. tenue Scribn. & Merr. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32:3. 1901. Brachiaria fasciculata (Swartz) Parodi var. reticulata Torr.) comb. nov. Panicum fasciculatum var. reticulatum (Torr.) Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2:117. 1896. Panicum reticulatum Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red River. 299. 1852. Described from Red River, Texas. Panicum fuscum Sw. reticulatum (Torr.) Scribn. and Merr. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32:4. 1901. Brachiaria fasciculata (Swartz) Parodi var. stricta (Doell in Mart.) comb. nov. Panicum fasciculatum Sw. var. strictum Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2 (2):205. 1977. Brachiariaria fasciculatum (Swartz) Parodi var. carthaginense Sw.) comb. nov. Panicum fasciculatum Sw. var. carthaginense (Sw.) Doell. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2 (2):205. 1877. Panicum carthaginense Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22:1788. Digitaria nutans (L.) comb. nov. Andropogon nutans L. Sp. Pl. 1045. 1753, pro parte, excl. syn. Gronov. virg. 133. 14 P HY) TOs LeOrCepa Vol. 52, No. 1 Andropogon insulare L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2:1304. 1759 (May or June), quoad. syn. Sloan. Andropogon insulare L., Pugillus Pl. Jam. 1759 (Nov.), quoad. specimen Brownianum. Trichanchne insularis (L.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 86. 1829. Koeleria californica (Domin) comb. nov. Koeleria pseudocristata Domin var. californica Domin, Magyar Bot Lapok 3:264. 1904. Type C.G. Pringle. Collected in 1882 "hills, San Diego'', type collection seen in U.S. Nat. An elegant large- flowered, long panicled species from California and northern Mexico. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. var. elegantula (Domin) comb. nov. This small-flowered type is a good geographical variety. Type collection, C.F. Baker 576 from Gunnison Colorado, seen in the U.S. Nat. Herb. The United States Forest Service herbarium now at Laramie, Wyoming has an excellent series of collections of this variety. Leptochloa digitatiformis sp. nov. Perenne, affine L. chloridiformi; culmi erecti. caespitosi, 60-150 cm alti, laminae hasta 3 mm latae; vaginae glabrae; ligula membranaceo con cilia ca. 1 mm longa. Racemis 5-10, conjugatis, 10-16 cm longis; spiculae non imbricatae; glumae 1-nervata, acuminata, 1.5-3 mm longa, inaequalae; spiculis 1-floris, brevipedicellatis; lemmata ca 3 mm longa, pilis marginalis, sine arista, incise. Type: Mexico, Sonora, Ejido km 47, mpio Fronteras, matorral subinerme, August 19, 1981, Coll. Raul Bernal and Rene Cuadra. Also collected in Sonora, between Cananea and Agua Prieta, August 15, 1980, by Sergio Luque. 1982 Beetle, Noteworthy grasses from Mexico 15 Stout, cespitose perennial with stiffly erect culms mostly 60 to 150 cm tall; sheaths smooth, compressed, purplish; ligule ca 1 mm long, a dense, irregular fringe of white hairs on a minute membranous base; blades firm, scabrous, elongate, up to 3 mm broad, usually somewhat narrower than the rather prominent sheaths. Inflorescence partially included in the uppermost sheath, with 5 to 10 flexuous branches clustered or sub- digitate at the culm apex; inflorescence branches mostly 10 to 16 cm long and about 3 mm wide, the 2-flowered spikelets short-pedicelate and not overlapping; glumes 1-nerved, acute, 1.5 to 3 mm long, the first glume shorter than the second; lemmas with a very few scanty cilia on the margins, notched awnless and ca. 3 mm long. Apparently related to the Argentine Leptochloa chloridiformis (Hack.) Parodi but differing in the remote spikelets (not imbricate) and the notched apex of the lemma: (not three toothed). This is the only Mexican species with digitate racemes. It is not clear from the description in Gould's Grasses of Texas (1975) whether his report of Leptochloa chloridiformis is actually that species or is L. digitatiformis. Panicum fernandopoanum nom. nov. Panicum macrophyllum Guinea ex Clayton, Kew Bull. Bet til. 1907: Not P. macrophyllum Raddi (1823) which is Panicum latissimum Mikan; cf. Chase, A. 1923. The ident- ification of Raddi's Grasses. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13:178. Paspalum humboldtianum Flugge var. elegantissima var. nov. Perenne, affine P. humboldtianum var. humboldtianum, culmi hasta 1 m alti, laminae 1.5- 1.8 cm latae, angustissima, con medium maximum partem, planae; area de torques cum pelos densa, longa y declinatio recta. Panicula de tres (o cinquo) racemi 7-11 cm longi; spiculae 4 mm longae, biserialibus, sessilibus, oblongis, sericeo-villosis, saepe purpuris. 16 P HyY ‘TAaOnb)\0), Gaia Vol. 52, No. 1 Perennial, rhizomatous, forming very loose clumps, the culms 6 to 8 dm tall, the joints yellowish, smooth, torn sheath bases at the nodes, the lower sheaths bladeless, the upper sheaths with blades more or less divaricately spreading, 1 to 1.5 dm long, 1 to 1.5 cm broad, tapering on both ends, leaf margins commonly ciliate, the color area usually densely clothed with long, divaricately spreading hairs. Inflorescence of at least two and occasionally 5 racemes but mostly 3 or 4, 5 to 8 cm long, 1 to 2 cm apart; spikelets rarely only 2 mm. long, mostly 3 to 3.5 mm long, the cilia an off-color white, the sterile lemma usually with a purplish edge, the white cilia contrasting sharply with the dark purple stigmas. Type Collection: Beetle M - 5962 from Mexico, Jalisco, 9 km from Los Valcanos San Jose de Las Andrade, Sept. 29, 1980. Distribution: Common from 500 to 2000 m in Mexico, pine or oak woods. Mexican collections include Oaxaca; Conzatti 3641; Guerrero: Hinton 11400; Morelos: Hitchcock 6837; Michoacan: Leavenworth 1649; Colima: Hitchcock 7055 Jalisco:McVaugh 19098. Paspalum humboldtianum var. stuckertill (Hack. ) Hack. Allg. Bot. Zeitsch. 12:97. 1906. is a plant with very narrow and elongate leaves but somewhat similar purplish-edged spikelets and white hairs, that is found in Argentina. Paspalum humboldtianum var. humboldtianum which is common in Mexico and Central America has spikelets with brownish hairs arranged on shorter racemes. Paspalum guzmanii nom. nov. Paspalum indutum Swallen, Phytologia 14:373. 1967. not P. indutum Luces, Jour. Washington Acad. Seis 3251620 0f~ 65 1942: Raphael Guzman-M. has maintained a steady interest in the genus Paspalum and has prepared the text on Paspalum for a forthcoming ''Grasses of Mexico!'. 1982 Beetle, Noteworthy grasses from Mexico 17, Poa coahuilensis nom. nov. Poa filiculmis Swallen, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29:400. 1950, from Coahuila, Mexico, Stanford, Retherford and Northcraft no. 477. Not Poa filiculmis Roshev Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Komarov Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. 11:28. 1949. Sorghastrum albescens (Fourn.) comb. nov. Andropogon albescens Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2:56. 1886. Based on Gouin 53 from Veracruz, Mexico. Sorghastrum liebmannianum Hitchcock, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 17:211. 1913. Based on Hitchcock 6352 from Veracruz, Mexico. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CLX Harold N. Moldenke ALOYSIA BECKII Mold., sp. nov. Frutex humilis, ramis obtuse tetragonis atrogriseis subglabra- tis longitudinaliter pauce striatis ramosissimis, ramulis abbrevi- atis numerosis gracilibus rigidulis minutissime (sub tente) puber- ulis vel glabrescentibus, foliis parvissimis sessilibus vel sub-" sessilibus spathulatis ca. 6 m. longis 1.5 m. latis apicaliter rotundatis marginaliter integris basaliter longe attenuatis ubique minutissime puberulis, inflorescentiis axillaribus paucis brevis- simis ca. 1.5 cm. longis dense multifloris, pedunculis gracilli- mis ca. 4 mm. longis minutissime puberulis. A low shrub, to 1.2 m. tall, much-branched; stems and branches slender, stiff, dark-gray, obtusely tetragonal, subglabrate, striate with elevated longitudinal ridges on the margins; branch- lets and twigs numerous, very slender, stiff, obtusely tetragonal and striate-margined (the ridges apparently eventually becoming self-detaching), under a hand-lens very minutely puberulent or subglabrescent; leaves very small, dectissate-opposite but usually crowded on much abbreviated spurs, sessile or subsessile, spatu- late, to about 6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, apically rounded, marginally entire, basally long-attenuate, very minutely puberu- lent (under a hand-lens) on both surfaces; inflorescence axillary, spicate, much abbreviated, sparse, about 1.5 cm. long (in all), densely many-flowered; peduncles filiform, about 4 mm. long, very minutely puberulent; calyx very small, densely hirsute, about 1 mn. long (in all), the rim long-toothed; corolla very small, hy- pocrateriform, about 3 mm. long in all, white. The type of this curious little species was collected by Dr. Stephan G. Beck (no. 7036) -- in whose honor it is named -- on rocky hillsides with Schinopsis and Aspidosperma, at 2370 m. alti- tude, 185 km. from Santa Cruz, in Carrasco province, Cochabamba, Bolivia, on September 27, 1981, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. LANTANA MACROPODA f£. PARVULA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei ubique parvula recedit foliis maturis 1--2 cm. longis 5--10 mm. latis pedunculis abbreviatis 2-- 3 cm. longis. This form differs from the typical form of the species in being smaller in all its parts, the mature leaves only 1--2 cm. long (in all) and 5--10 mm. wide, the peduncles only 2--3 cm. long, and the flowering and fruiting heads smaller. The type of this form was collected by A. Andreasen, R. L. Oliver, and S. Verhoek-Williams (no. 657) at 4000 feet altitude on Highway 15 from Guadalajara to Tepic at km. 94 after Magdalena on July 12, 1971, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. 18 1982 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants 19 LIPPIA INTEGRIFOLIA var. BECKII Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis regulariter 1 cm. longis oblanceolatis ca. 1 mm. latis marginaliter revolutis et pedunculis usque ad 5 mm. longis capitulis parvioribus recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its mature leaves being quite uniformly only about 1 cm. long and 1 m. wide, oblanceolate, and marginally revolute, the peduncles only to 5 mm. long, and the flowering and fruiting heads smaller. The type of the form was collected by Stephan G. Beck (no. 7433) in matorral with small shrubs, at 2830 m. altitude, 130 km. from Independencia, in Ayopaya province, Cochabamba, Bolivia, on November 28, 1981, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. PAEPALANTHUS CONVEXUS var. PARVICEPHALUS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis regulariter 1.5 cm. longis et capitulis 7--10 mm. latis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its very closely congested stem leaves uniformly 1.5 cn. long and the flowering and fruiting heads only 7--10 mm. wide. The variety is based on Steyermark, Guariglia, Holmgren, Luteyn, & Mori 126100 from "Cumbre altiplanicie de rocas expues- tas, escabrosa, rfo abajo", at 2330--2460 m. altitude, lat. 3° 35" N., long. 65°20" W., Cerro Marahuaca-Fhuif, dept. Atabapo, Amazonas, Venezuela, on February 3 or 4, 1982, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. SYNGONANTHUS FERTILIS var. HIRTELLUS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica spectéit caulibus foliisque vagin- isque pedunculisque dense hirtellis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves, stems, sheaths, and peduncles densely hirtel- lous, the hairs on the stems and leaves shorter and often subap- pressed, those on the peduncles wide-spreading and brownish. The variety is based on Calderdn, Monteiro, & Guedes 2748 from wet depressions in a savanna region at Estrada do Estanho on the road to Igarapé Preto about 60 km. southeast of the Transama- zon Highway, Amazénas, Brazil, collected on July 2, 1979, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. VITEX CYMOSA f£. ALBIFLORA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in its white corollas. The type of the form was collected by Dr. Stephan G. Beck (no. 7136) on the banks of the Rfo Piray, Jardf{n Botanico Municipal, at Santa Cruz, at about 650 m. altitude, in A. Ibafiez province, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, on October 2, 1981, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. The park is a remn- nant of the natural vegetation of the area, without introduced plantings. The tree was 8 m. tall, corolla zygomorphic. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS FARADAYA (VERBENACEAE). I Harold N. Moldenke FARADAYA F. Muell. Additional & emended bibliography: Pynaert, Bull. Agric. Cong. Belg. 11: 213, fig. 43. 1920; Mold., Phytologia 51: 384--400. 1982. FARADAYA LEHUNTEI (Horne) A. C. Sm. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 399--400. 1982. Collectors describe this species as "twisting around and over the branches of rainforest trees" (Bryan 284), to 6m. tall, the stems to 15 cm. in diameter at breast height, or a woody vine or liana; bark moderately rough, gray-brown or mottled gray- brown and olive; sapwood soft, brown; heartwood soft, yellow- brown, pithy; pith brown; flower-buds greenish-white; flowers fragrant; calyx 4-lobed; corolla white; filaments and style white; fruit small, round, at first green, later reddish, orange or orange-red when mature, in fours, "pickle-like".. They have encountered it in dense forests, the edges of for- ests, dense bush and thickets, often on hills, at 100--970 m. al- titude, in anthesis in February, April, and May, and in fruit in April (young), June, August, and October. Faradaya neo-ebudica is based on Kajewski 813 from the rain- forest at Anelgauhat Bay, at 120 m. altitude, on Aneityum island in the New Hebrides, collected on February "29, 1929" [a non- éxistant date; probably March 1], and is described as being a "common white-flowered vine growing to the tops of rainforest trees". Vernacular names reported for F. lehuntei are "ngakawa", korovundi", "wakorovundi", and "wa vatu". Guillaumin (1932) comments that "I believe that on account of the calyx and ovary, notwithstanding the fact that the scarcely exserted stamens are inserted at the middle and not at the mouth of the corolla-tube, this species should be referred to the genus Faradaya of New Guinea which extends to the Samoa Islands, Queens- land and Borneo, but does not seem to occur in the Moluccas and in Malaysia." The variety puberulenta is based on A. C. Smith 5799 from the edge of a forest, at 870=-970 m. altitude, between Mount Tomanivi and Nesonggora, on the northern portion of the Raivainatuku Plat- eau, Naitasiri, Viti Levu, collected between August 21 and Septem- ber 18, 1947, and deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Material of Faradaya lehuntei has been misidentified and dis- tributed in some herbaria as F. amicorum (Seem.) Seem., F. ovali- folia (A. Gray) Seem., F. vitiensis Seem., Clerodendron amicorum Seem., and even C. cubense Schau. 20 "wa 1982 Moldenke, Additional notes on Faradaya 21 Citations: NEW HEBRIDES: Aneityum: Kajewski 813 (Bi, Bz-- 21011, La, N). FIJI ISLANDS: Katdavu: A. C. Smith 81 (Bi, Ca-- 602219, N, S, W--1672847). Matuku: FE. H. Bryan 284 [wood sample 64] (Bi). Moala: £. H. Bryan 341 [wood sample 92] (Bi). Negau: A. C. Smith 7764 (Hk). Ovalau: A. C. Smith 7388 (Hk). Tailevu: A. C. Smith 7032 (N). Taveun: A. C. Smith 8385(Hk). Vanua Levu: A. C. Smith 1570 (Bi, N, W--1672723), 1845 (Bi, N, W--1676400). Viti Levu: O. Degener 16743 [14743] (N, N); J. W. Gillespie 2670 (Bi); MacDaniels 1052 (Bi); A. C. Smith 5799 (Bi, Bi, N), 7016 (Hk), 7032 (Ld), 8746 (W--2191396). TONGAN ISLANDS: Eua: H. E. Parks 16137 (Ca--297273, N), 16216 (Bi, Ca--297094). CULTIVATED: Java: Herb. Tjibodas P.2 (Bz--26490). FARADAYA LEHUNTEI var. DEGENERI (Mold.) Mold., comb. nov. Synonymy: Faradaya neo-ebudica var. degeneri Mold., Phytologia ie Seige ye Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 4: 53. 1952; Mold., Résumé 206 & 455; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 343 (1971) and 2: 878. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 333 & 547. 1980. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its peduncles, inflorescence-branches, pedicels, and calyx completely glabrous and its leaf-blades more regularly narrow- elliptic. The variety is based on Degener & Ordonez 13762 from a forest, at 30--80 m. altitude, at the Suva Pumping Station, in Naitasiri province, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, collected (in flower) on Decen- ber 15, 1940, and deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Thus far it is known only from the orig- inal collection. It was originally distributed as F. vitiensis Seem, Citations: FIJI ISLANDS: Viti Levu: Degener & Ordonez 13762 (A--isotype, N--type, N--isotype). FARADAYA MAGNILOBA Wetnham in Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. Oss. L916. Bibliography: Wernham in Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 9: 136. 1916; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 228--230 & 365. 1919; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 71. 1921; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 44: 254. 1922; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 85. 1926; Mold., Known Geogr. Dis- trib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 67 & 92 (1942) and ed. 2, 149 & 185. 1949; Mold., Résumé 201 & 455. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 336 (1971) and 2: 878. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 326 & 547. 1980. A glabrous climbing shrub; branchlets terete, striate, glabrous; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles 3--4 cm. long, often twisted; leaf-blades firmly chartaceous, elliptic, about 18 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, apically very shortly and acutely acuminate, basally obtuse, marginally entire; secondaries about 6 pairs, prominulent beneath; flowers large; calyx 2-parted almost to the base, the lobes 2--5 cm. long, scaphiform, apically very acutely acuminate; corolla white, glabrous, its tube cylindric, antrorsely infundibular, 3.5-- 4 cm. long, basally narrowed, the lobes very large, oblong, 5 cm. 22 P’n ¥°T°O'L/0'e* Ek Vol. 52, No. 1 long, each bifid to the middle; filaments very long-exserted, 14. or more cm. in length, basally swollen and hairy, otherwise glabrous; anthers 4--5 mm. long, the thecae basally free; ovary minute, externally sparsely yellow-hairy; fruit subpyriform. This species is based on an unnumbered Klass [Wollaston Ex- pedition] collection from Camps I to III, at 2000--2500 feet altitude, in West Irian. Thus far it is known only from the orig- inal collection. Lam (1919) erroneously dates the original publi- cation as "1906". Ridley (1916) notes that the species is "Dis- tinct in the large flowers and bilobed corolla-segments". FARADAYA MATTHEWSII Merr., Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Straits Br. 76: 115--116. 1917. Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Straits Br. 76; 115--116. 1917; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 71. 1921; E. D. Merr., Bibl. Enum. Born. Pl. 515. 1921; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 85. 1926; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 47 (2): 245. 1927; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 65 & 92 (1942) and ed. 2, 145 & 185. 1949; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 3: 24. 1962; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 324 (1971) and 2: 878. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 315 & 547. 1980. A scandent shrub; stems to about 2.5 cm. in diameter, glabrous; branches terete, subolivaceous, about 5 mm. in diameter, smooth, glabrous; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles 3.5--5 cm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades chartaceous to subcoriaceous, ovate to ob- long-ovate, to 22 cm. long and 12 cm. wide, olivaceous and shiny on both surfaces or medium-green and glossy above, pale-green and dull beneath, apically conspicuously acuminate (the acumen itself stout and blunt), marginally entire, basally broadly rounded or rarely subcordate, glabrous on both surfaces, the lower surface with 2 or 3 prominent, brownish, discoid glands on each side of the midrib; secondaries 5 or 6, prominent beneath, curvate, anas- tomosing; veinlet reticulation toose, prominent beneath; inflores- cence terminal, cymose, about 15 cm. long, somewhat puberulent, sometimes with a pair of greatly reduced leaves; bracts linear or filiform, about 5 mm. long; bracteoles minute; pedicels to 1 cm. long, very densely hirsutulous; flowers tetramerous, to 6.5 tm. long overall; calyx closed in bud, lanceolate, 2--2.5 cm. long, inflated, apically rostrate-acuminate, externally very slightly puberulent to very densely hirsutulous and with a few, large, scattered, brown, discoid glands, during anthesis split nearly to the base into 2 lanceolate, valvate, apically acuminate lobes, each up to 8 mm. wide; corolla white, narrowly infundibular, yel- low in the throat, its tube about 4 cm. long, basally 3 mm. in di- ameter, somewhat ampliate for the upper 1 cm., the lobes 4, imbri- cate, obovate, 1.5--2 cm. long, to 2.5 cm. wide, apically broadly rounded, basally narrowed; stamens 4, equal or subequal, inserted about 2 cm. above the base of the corolla-tube; filaments 3.5 cm. long, somewhat exserted, basally hirsute, apically glabrous; an- thers oblong, 4 mm. long, versatile; style filiform, 6.5 cm. long; stigma-lobes 2, short; ovary ovoid, 3 mm. wide, externally somewhat 1982 Moldenke, Additional notes on Faradaya 23 cinereous-pubescent with short stiff hairs, at first 8-lobed, later 4-lobed, 1l-celled, with 2 parietal placentae, each placenta bearing 2 ovules. This species is based on Villamil 253 from ravines, at about 12 m. altitude, at Sandakan, Sabah, deposited in the herbarium of the Philippine Bureau of Science, fortunately photographed before its destruction in World War II. Merrill (1917) says "This is the first representative of the genus to be found in the Sunda Islands, several species being known from New Guinea, one from north-eastern Australia, and several from Polynesia. The present species is dedicated to Mr. D. M. Matthews, Conservator of Forests, British North Borneo, and differs from the genus as described in its distinctly l-celled ovaries, and in its equal or subequal, not didynamous stamens. It is, however, in all essential characters a typical Faradaya." By some botanists this species is reduced to the synonym of F. Papuana Scheff. which has entirely glabrous inflorescences and for a time I tended to agree with this disposition of it, but on see- ing more material I now feel that there are definitely two separ- ate taxa involved. Collectors have encountered F. matthewsii in open places in ra- vines and along forested roadsides in cacao plantations, at 12 m. altitude, in anthesis in June. The Holttum 25116, distributed as F. matthewsii, actually is Gmelina uniflora Stapf. Citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sabah: Sinclair, Tassim, & Sisiron 9262 (B, Ld, Mu), 9263 (Ld--photo, N--photo, W--2946376); Villamil 253 [5] (Bz--21023--isotype, Ld--photo of type, N--photo of type, Ph--type). FARADAYA NERVOSA H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 232--233. 1919. Bibliography: H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 229, 232--233, & 365. 1919; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., Senos ke ily LE, & xi. 192s Ha J. Lam in) Lauterb.,) Enel. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 94. 1924;A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 85. 1926; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 47 (2): 245. 1927; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 67 & 92 (1942) and ed. 2, 149 & 185. 1949; Mold., Résumé 201 & 455. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 336 (1971) and 2: 878. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 326 & 547. 1980. A large tree, to 30 m. tall; petioles 1.5--2.5 cm. long; leaf- blades coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, 13.5--19 cm. long, 6.5--8.5 cm. wide, apically obtusely acuminate, marginally entire, basally subacute, glabrous above, glabrous beneath except for the puberu- lent venation, some of which is covered by stout hairs, the axils glandless; secondaries 12--15 per side; flowering inflorescence not known, but the corolla white, glabrous, its tube short, cylin- dric, about 1.7 cm. long, the lobes 1.5--2 cm. long, apically broadly rounded, sometimes bilobed; stamens 4, inserted in the throat of the corolla-tube; filaments 4--5 cm. long, glabrous; style filiform; stigma subulate; ovary not known; fruiting-calyx 24 PeH YT -O) Ly 0) Caw A Vol. 525 NoweL bilobed to the base, the l6bes apically acuminately bifid, exter- nally minutely puberulent, covered by large glands. This poorly known species is based on Lauterbach 2822 from the Bismarck Plain, at 150 m. altitude, New Guinea, collected on September 9, 1896, and probably deposited in the Leiden herbarium. The detached flowers were found lying loose on the soil beneath the tree. Lam (1919) comments that "Our species, though based upon an incomplete specimen, is well distinguished by its many- nerved leaves, and shows an affinity with F. dimorpha, which, how- ever, has only 5--7 pairs of nerves, and possesses glands in the axils of its lower nerves. Moreover, it has very large fruits." Thus far the species is knowm, at least to me, only from the original collection. FARADAYA OVALIFOLIA (A. Gray) Seem., Journ. Bot. Lond. 3: 258. 1865. Synonymy: Clerodendron (Tetrathyranthus) ovalifolium A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 50. 1862. Clerodendron arthurgordoni Horne, Year Fiji 259, nom. nud. 1881. Clerodendron gordoni J. G. Baker; Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 370. 1883. Faradaya ovalifolium (A. Gray) Seem. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 19, sphalm. 1942. Clerodendrum gordoni J. G. Baker ex Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 68 & 90. 1942. Clerodondron ovalifolia Gray apud Parham, Fiji Nat. Pl. 124. 1943. Faradaya ovalifolia var. ovalifolia [Seem.] apud Parham, Pl. Fiji Isls, ed. 1, 213. 1964. Clerodendrum ovalifolium (A. Juss.) Bakh. ex Beard, Descrip. Cat. W. Austr. Pl., ed. 1, 91. 1965. Faradaya ovalifolia "var. ovalifolia; J. W. Parham" apud A. C. Sm., Al- lertonia 1: 413, in syn. 1978. Bibliography: A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts 6: 50. 1862; Seem., Journ. Bot. Lond. 3: 257 & 258. 1865; Seem., Fl. Vit. 189 (1866) and 441. 1873; Horne, Year Fiji 259 & 262. 1881; J. G. Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 270. 1883; F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl., imp. 1, 8: 48. 1886; Drake del Castillo, Illust. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. 261. 1892; Jacks. in Hook. £. & Jacksj,,.ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 561 & 946. 1893; Gillespie, Bull. B. P. Bishop Mus. 83: 29--30 & 69, fig. 37. 1931; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 402. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16 & 19. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 68, 69, 90, & 92. 1942; Parham, Fiji Nat. Pl. 124. 1943; Mold., Phytologia 2: 103. 1944; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 561 & 946. 1946; H. N. & A. L. Mold., Pl. Life 2: 61. 1948; Mold., Known Ge- og. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 151, 181, & 185. 1949; Mold., Resume 206, 260, 267, 294, 450, & 455. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 561 & 946. 1960; Parham, Pl. Fiji, ed. 1, 213. 1964; Beard, Descrip. Cat. W. Austral. Pl., ed. 1, 91. 1965; Mold. in Menninger, Flow. Vines 334. 1970; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 343 & 452 (1971) and 2: 518 & 878. 1971; Parham, Pl. Fi- ji, ed. 2, 298. 1972; A. C. Sm., Allertonia 1: 413. 1978; F. : Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl., imp. 2, 8: 48. 1979; Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 333 & 547. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 388, 389, & 3956-1962 Illustrations: Gillespie, Bull. B. P. Bishop Mus. 83: 69, fig. 1982 Moldenke, Additional notes on Faradaya 25 Si7/ 40 di sakes A robust scandent shrub or liana, climbing to the tops of the tallest trees, to 15 m. long, or occasionally "a small tree" [Meebold 16486]; stems to 3 cm. in diameter, the younger parts thickly furfuraceous, glabrescent in age; branchlets terete; sap not milky; leaves large, decussate-opposite, furfuraceous when young, glabrous when mature; petioles stout, 1.2--2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades thickly chartaceous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 9-- 22 cm. long, 6--10 cm. wide, apically obtusely acuminate, basal- ly narrowed and acute but not decurrent, green above, somewhat copper-colored beneath; secondaries 5--8 per side, prominulous above, very prominent beneath, arcuate-ascending; veinlet reticu- lation prominent, numerous, forming straight-sided "islets"; inflorescence lateral and (more often) terminal, to 15 cm. long, composed of about 8 main branches, 20- or more flowered; pedicels 6--20 mm. long, furfuraceous; bracts and bractlets foliaceous, furfuraceous, 6--l1l mm. long, punctate; flowers relatively small, borne in dense clusters, odorless; calyx 3- or 4-lobed, the lobes subequal, about 4 mm. long and wide, apically acute and subapiculate, spreading; corolla hypocrateriform, varying from pure-white to creamy-white, to 8 cm. long, externally glabrous, internally minutely puberulent, the tube basally about 2 mm. wide, apically slightly ampliate, the lobes subrotund, about 1 cm. long and wide; filaments slender, pure-white, 3--4 cm. long, inserted about 2 cm. below the mouth of the corolla-tube, basally pubes- cent; anthers oblong, about 3 mm. long; style very slender, pure- white, exserted about 1 cm.; stigma shortly 2-lobed; fruit with usually 1 or 2 not developing, mostly in pairs, 4-parted at ma- turity, the drupes ellipsoid, oblique, 4--6 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, yellow or orange to orange-red or red with white dots, shiny, soft, the exocarp shriveled when dry, the endocarp very hard, 1- furrowed, about 1 mm. thick, 1-seeded; seeds coriaceous when dry, oblong, about 3.2 cm. long, the cotyledons filling the entire seed, plano-convex, apically truncate, conspicuously pinnate- veined within, the veins deeply and acutely canaliculate. Gray's (1862) description of the species is short: "foliis ovalibus obtuse acuminatulis integerrimis basi subangulatis (cum petiolo ramisque teretibus) glabris, cymis plurifloris corymboso- paniculatis canescenti-puberulis; corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo (ultra pollicari) calycem obtuse 4-lobum pluries excedenti- bus, lobis 4 rotundis inter se aequalibus stamina adaequantibus... Differs from (C. amicorum) somewhat in the foliage, but striking- ly in the shape of the corolla." The type was collected by Wilkes on the United States Exploring Expedition in 1840 somewhere in the Fiji Islands and is deposited as sheet no. 75176 in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. Collectors have found this plant growing in light or dense, open or wet forests, rainforests, secondary forests, logged-over areas, and thick low bush country, at 10--1200 m. altitude, in an- thesis from February to August, and in fruit from June to August and October. 26 EH Y f 0)L, O:G EA Vol. 52, No. 1 Smith (1978) asserts that F. ovalifolia "appears to be endemic to Fiji, where it is a frequent high-climbing liana with fragrant white flowers, occurring at elevations from near sea level to a- bout 1,150 m. I have seen about 70 collections from the islands of Viti Levu, Kandavu, Ovalau, Vanua Levu, and Matuku." Gillespie (1931) cites Gillespie 2181, 2182, 3166, 3513, & 4530, Parks 20036, 20386, & 20702, and Setchell & Parks 15063 from Viti Levu. He comments that this is "A species difficult to dis- tinguish by the leaves from Faradaya vitiensis Seemann,» in which they are thicker, coriaceous, and more inclined to be attenuate at the base, but easily recognized by the shape of the corollas, in F. ovalifolia being salver-shaped, and in F. vitien- sis infundibuliform, the tube rather broad." Vernacular names reported for F. ovalifolia are "ngakawa", “wakarovungi", "wa koro vundi", "wakoruvudi", "wakorovundi", "wa korovundi", "wa kuru vundi:. "wa vatu", "wa vundi", Ywdvudi" and "“wavundi". Pigeons and doves are said to be fond of eating the fruit on this plant. Small wood samples accompany Gillespie 3166 & 3513 and St. John 18308. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Faradaya vitiensis Seemann and Fagraea berteriana A. Gray. On the other hand, the Bryan 284, Degener 16743, and Smith 8l, 1052, 1570, & 1845, distributed as F. ovalifolia, actually are F. lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. Citations: FIJI ISLANDS: Ovalau: J. W. Gillespie 4530 (Bi, Ca--448962, Du--245264); H. E. Parks 20439 (Bi); A. C. Smith 7523 (Hk, Ld, W--2190428). Viti Levu: EF. H. Bryan 205 (W--1967665); O. Degener 14621 (A, N, N), 15333 (B, Bi, N, N, S, Vi); J. W. Gil- lespie 2181 (Bi, Ca--447645), 2182 (Bi, Bz--21019, Ca--447644), 2616 (Bi), 2979 (Bi, Ca--447943), 3166 [Bish. Mus. wood sample 1736] (Bi, Ca--448058), 3290 (Bi, Ca--448218, W); Lai s.n. [Macu- ata, Herb. Dept. Agr. 16685] (N); MacDaniels 483 (Ba); Meebold 16486 (Bi, Mu, Mu); H. E. Parks 20036 (Ba, Bi, Bi, Ca--447347, N, W--2192222), 20386 (Bi, Ca--447403, W--2192293), 20439 (Ca-- 447375, W--2192303), 20702 (Ca--447604); Pillay & Vualili L.8259a (W--2624354); Reay 19 (Ca--7922, W--1863496); st. John 18274 (K1-- 9676, W--2185850), 18308 (K1--9689, W--2185866); Setchell & Parks 15018 (Ca--289612), 15062 (Bi, Ca--469143, Ca--948547, W--1628918), 15063 (Ca--289443); A. C. Smith 4077 (Bi, N, N, S), 4636 (Bi, N, N, S), 4752 (Bi, N, N, S)3; J. Thurston s.n. (Er, Mb); Wilkes, U. S. Expl. Exped. s.n. [Feejee Islands] (Bi--photo of type, G--isotype, T--isotype, W--75176--type). FARADAYA OVALIFOLIA var. GLABRA Mold., Phytologia 4: 53--54. 1952. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 4: 53--54. 1952; Mold., Résumé 206 & 455. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 348 (1971) and 2: 878. 1971; A. C. Sm., Allertonia 1: 413. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 233 & 547. 1980. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its peduncles, inflorescence-branches, pedicels, and calyx completely glabrous, the corolla-tube heavy-textured, about 6 cm. 1982 Moldenke, Additional notes on Faradaya 27 long and 3--4 mm. wide, the corolla-limb 2.5 cm. wide, and the leaf-blades more narrowly elliptic and firmer in texture. This variety is based on Gillespie 3513 from the vicinity of Nasinu, at an altitude of 150 m., 9 miles from Suva, in Naitasi- ri province, Viti Levu, collected on October 24, 1927, and de- posited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Collectors describe the plant as a tree, 8 m. tall, the trunk to 30 cm. in diameter, and the mature fruit yellow and orange. They have found it growing in dense forests to an altitude of 1090 m., in flower in October, and in fruit in December. Smith (1978) reduces this variety to synonymy under typical F. ovali- folia. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some her- baria not only as typical F. ovalifolia (A. Gray) Seem., but also as F. vitiensis Seen. Citations: FIJI ISLANDS: Viti Levu: Gillespie 3513 [Bish. Mus. wood sample 1822] (B--isotype, Bi--isotype, Ca--448325--isotype, N--type); Greenwood 966 (Bi, Ca--2143, N). FARADAYA PAPUANA Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1: 42--43. 1876. Synonymy: Faradaija papuana Wigman, Teysmannia 1: 489. 1890. Faradaya splendida K. Schum. ex K. Schum. & Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Slidsee 370. 1905 [not F. splendida F. Muell., 1865]. Faradaya excellens K. Schum. ex Mold., Phytologia 34: 274, in syn. 1976. Clerodendron fissicalyx Scheff. ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 385, in syn. 1980. Bibliography: F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl., imp. 1, 1: 91 & 113. 1875; Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1: 42--43. 1876; F, Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl., imp. 1, 8: 47. 1886; K. Schum. & Hollr., Fl. Kais. Wilhelmsl. 122. 1889; Wigman, Teysmannia 1: 489. 1890; Hook. f., Curtis, Bot. Mag. 117: pl. 7187. 1891;Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 10: pl. 7, fig. 2. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 946. 1893; Warb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 209. 1894; K. Schum. & Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. SUdsee 525. 1900; K. Schum. & Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Stidsee 370. 1905; Nieuwenhuis, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 21: 259, pl. 26, fig. 56 & 58. 1907; Pulle in Lorentz, Nova Guinea, ser. 1, 8 (2): 686. 1914; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 234, 236, & 365. 1919; Pynaert, Bull. Agric. Cong. Belg. 11: 213, fig. 43. 1920; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., Senses. 7. L921: Stapf, Ind. Lond. 73s 1735. 1930; Mold... Suppl. List Inv. Names 3. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 24. 1942; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 946. 1946; Mold., Resumé 192, 201, 203, 209, 218, & 455. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 946. 1960; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 1013. 1966; Corner & Watanabe, Illust. Guide Trop. Pl. 760. 1969; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 324, 336, 338, 346, & 363 (1971) and 2: 878. 1971; Hegnauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 6 [Chem. Reihe 21]: 676. 1973; Mold., Phytologia 28: 449 (1974) and 34: 274. 1976; F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl., imp. 2, 1: 91 & 113 (1979) and imp. 2, 8: 47. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 315, 326, 328, 353, 385, 425, & 547. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 392. 1982. 28 POH Y TO LL OsG TA Vol. 52; Noes Illustrations: Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 10: pl. 7, fig. 2. 1891;Nieuwenhuis, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 21: pl. 26, fig. 56 & 58. 1907; Pynaert, Bull. Agric. Cong. Belg. 11: 213, fig. 43. 1920. A tall-climbing liana, to 25 m. long, a large rambling shrub, or a tree to 5 m. tall; stems to 2 cm. in diameter; branchlets terete, the youngest ones short-pubescent; leaves decussate- opposite; petioles terete, 2.5--5 cm. long, somewhat twisted; leaf-blades elliptic-ovate or broadly ovate, 15--23 cm. long, 7-- 12 cm. wide, glossy or dull dark-green above, green beneath, api- cally obtuse, marginally entire, basally acute or obtuse to trun- cate or (on wider leaves) subcordate, glabrous on both surfaces when mature, with 4--6 orbicular glands near the larger veins beneath; secondaries 6--8 pairs, arcuate-ascending; veinlet retic- ulation dense and prominent beneath; inflorescence-branches dense- ly puberulent or short-pubescent; cymes axillary and terminal, pe- dunculate, densely many-flowered, crowded, repeatedly trichotomous, much shorter than the subtending leaves; peduncles variable in length, long or short; pedicels very short, to 3 mm. long; bract- lets small, subulate; flower-buds white or cream-color; flowers large, very showy, faintly sweet-scented; calyx large, usually a- bout 1.8 cm. long, often unilaterally split during anthesis, later deeply 2-parted, externally bearing numerous glands; corolla white or greenish, its tube infundibular, almost 4 cm. long, ampliate at the throat, the limb spreading, the lobes 4 or rarely 5, subequal, about 1.8 cm. long, to 5 mm. wide, apically rounded to emarginate or bilobed; stamens 4 or rarely 5, inserted slightly above the base of the corolla-tube, exserted; filaments basally swollen and densely lanate, glabrous above, slender, almost isometrous; anthers versa- tile, 2-locular, the thecae basally divergent; ovary densely lanate, rather deeply 4-lobed, basally 1-locular, apically 4-locular; style equaling the stamens; stigma bifid, the branches short and equal; fruiting-calyx slightly incrassate; drupes 4 (or often only 1 by abortion), ellipsoid, at first green, later creamy-white, about 6.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, externally glabrous, apically obtuse, the pericarp fleshy, the endocarp spongy; seeds large, exalbuminous; cotyledons large, plicate; radicle inferior. This is a species apparently endemic to New Guinea, but sometimes cultivated elsewhere for ornament. It is based on Teijsmann 6773 from West Irian. The synonymous Clerodendron fissicalyx is based on Teijsmann 6750 from Manoiman, while Faradaya excellens is founded on Lauterbach 528 from West Irian. Faradaya matthewsii Merr., of Sabah, is sometimes regarded as a synonym of F. papuana, which, in turn, is sometimes united with F. splendida F. Muell., but F. papuana is distinguished easily by its densely puberulent young branchlets and inflorescence-branches. It can usually be distinguished from F. splendida as follows: Leaf-blades mostly elliptic, apically obtuse, basally acute to obtuse, inflorescences crowded; corolla-lobes only to 5 mm. wide; pedi- cels to 3 mm. long... cccsccscccvcccecescicsccecs s cissisish era ruaual Leaf-blades mostly ovate, apically acute, basally truncate-rounded; inflorescences loose; corolla-lobes to 15 mm. wide; pedicels to 1982 Moldenke, Additional notes on Faradaya 29 LOMmm!s HONG cieicis\s's)sc)s)siclelelcleisiale|e alslalotclelcleleleisicicielcierie NSD LENGI dal. Collectors have found Faradaya papuana growing in secondary rainforests and on terraces in lowland rainforests, at 1--500 m. altitude, in anthesis from May to August and October, in fruit in November. Kanehira & Hatusima refer to it as "scandent in strand forest, 6 m. tall." The corollas are described as having been "white" on Brass 1631, Kanehira & Hatusima 13072, and Pleyte 645 and "greenish" on Lauterbach 2238. The axillary peduncles are quite long on Streimann 34086 and very short (and the leaves in- sect-galled) on Lauterbach 528 (the so-called F. excellens form). Lauterbach 2528 is said to have come from a "5 m. tree", but per- haps it was just climbing on the tree. Nieuwenhuis (1907) notes that "Auch bei dieser Spezies tragen sowohl die Laubbl¥tter als die Kelche Nektarien......Die Zahl der Kelchdriulsen wechselt zwischen 6--20; sie sind bereits makroskopisch als rundliche Flecken erkennbar. Auf dem L¥ngsschnitt sieht man das sezernierende Gewebe, eine aus hohen Palisadenzellen bestehende Schicht. Ganz gleich gebaute Drilsen findet man zerstreut auf der Unterseite der ledrigen Bl¥tter, besonders am Grunde derselben, aber auch in der N¥he des Mittelnervs. Eine Sekretion findet nur bei den allerjlngsten und den eben entfalteten BlYttern statt. Auch die Kelchdrlusen sexernieren weit stu¥rker an den Knospen als an den Blllten. Die endstuYndigen Infloreszenzen tragen weisse Blliten; diese fruktifizieren. Die Knospen und allerjlngsten Blutter wimmeln zu jeder Tageszeit von Ameisen. Trotzdem werden die Bjllten in hohem Masse perforiert; von 188 abgefallenen Blllten waren nur 2 nicht perforiert. therdies haben die BllUten noch von einem KHfer (Sphaerometopa) zu leiden.......Ihre Nektarien sind bereits von Burck erwH¥hnt worden. NYheres im speziellen Kapitel Uber Blultenperforation." The White 1293, misidentified as F. papuana in some herbaria, actually represents F. splendida F. Muell. Citations: NEW GUINEA: Papua: Byuerlen 326 (Mb), 484 (Mb); Brass 1631 (Bz--21035); Carr 14951 (N); Streimann NGF.34086 (Mb). Territory of New Guinea: Clemens 1719 (Le--937.351, N); Hollrung 740 (Bz--21025). West Irian: Aet 465 (Bz--72961), 512 (Bz-- 72959); Herb. Lugd.-bat. 926.340-115 (Le); Kanehira & Hatusima 13072 (Bz--21028, N); Kostermans 2820 (Bz--26603); Lauterbach 528 (Mu--4481); Pleyte 645 (Bz--72672); R&mer 284 (Bz--25570, Le-- 926.340-94); Teijsmann 6750 (Mb), 6773 (Bz--21029--isotype, Bz-- 21032--isotype, Bz--21033--isotype, Ld--photo of isotype, Le-- 922.64-113--isotype, Mb--isotype, N--isotype, N--photo of isotype); A. C. T. Thomsen 813 (Bz--21027, Le--922,297-1002); Versteeg 1075 (Bz--21024, Bz--25571, Le--910.205-2237, It--13812). CULTI- VATED: India: Gage 13289 (Bz--21041). Java: Herb. Hort. Bot. Bogor. XV.F.9 in part (Bz--26305, N), xV.F.9a (Bz--21036). Sri Lanka: Collector undetermined s.n. [Royal Botanic Garden, Febru- ary 1887] (Pd). FARADAYA PARVIFLORA Warb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 208. 1894. Synonymy: Faradaya parviflora var. typica H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 232. 1919. 30 P HY |TO5L,.0°G. EA Vol. 525, Nowe! Bibliography: Warb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 208. 1894; K. Schum. & Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Slidsee 524. 1900; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 170. 1902; Pulle in Lorentz, Nova Guinea, ser. 1, 8 (2): 686. 1914; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 229, 231--232, & 365. 1919; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 71 & 72. 1921; H. J. Lam in Lau- terb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 94. 1924; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 47 (2): 245. 1929; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 170. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 24. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 67 & 92 (1942) and ed. 2, 149 & 185. 1949; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 170. 1959; Mold., Resumé 201, 294, & 455. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 336 (1971) and 2: 519 & 878. 1971; Hartley, Dunstone, Johns, & Lamberton, Lloydia 36: 293. 1973; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (1): xi. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 31: 398. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 326 & 547. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 397 & 398. 1982. A woody, climbing shrub; branchlets 3-ribbed toward the top, sparsely and minutely hairy, eventually glabrescent; leaves ter- nate; petioles 2--3 cm. long, sparsely and minutely hairy, soon glabrescent; leaf-blades chartaceous, ovate, 10--14 cm. long, a- bout 8 cm. wide, apically obtusely acuminate, marginally entire, basally cordate, glabrous and shiny above and also (except for the veinlet reticulation) beneath; secondaries 4--6 pairs; 3-pli-nerved at the base of the blade, the lower pair reaching the middle of the leaf and with some glarids in and below the axils; veinlet reticula- ion minutely pubescent beneath; cymes axillary, sparsely and minute- ly hairy, forming a large terminal inflorescence; bracts foliace- ous, narrow, 2--4 cm. long; peduncles 12--16 cm. long; cyme- branches 2--4 cm. long; pedicels 0.5 cm. long; calyx glabrous, 1 cm long, 2- or 3-lobed to 1/3 or 1/2 its length, the lobes apically obtuse; corolla white, its tube 5--7 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes 1.5--2 cm. long, marginally sometimes fimbriate; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla-tube, white, 5.5 cm. long; style slen- der, 5.5 cm. long; stigma shortly bifid; ovary 4-furrowed, exter- nally white-hairy. This species is based on Ledermann 13021 from mountainous woods at Felsspitze near Kaiser-August river, New Guinea, at 1400--1500 m. altitude, collected on August 20, 1913. Other collectors have also encountered it in woods and disturbed lowland rainforests, flowering in August. Schumann & Lauterbach (1900) cite Hellwig 164 & 172, while Hart- ley and his associates (1973) cite nos. 10546 & 12283 from the Ter- ritory of New Guinea, where the species is apparently endemic. FARADAYA PARVIFLORA var. ANGUSTIFOLIA H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 232. 1919. Synonymy: Faradaya parviflora var. angustifolia "J. H. Lam" apud Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 47 (2): 245, sphalm. 1927. Faradaya parviflora var. anaustifolia J. H. Lam apud Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 47 (2): 245, sphalm. 1927. Bibliography: H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 232 & 234. 1919; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 72. 1982 Moldenke, Additional notes on Faradaya 31 1921; H. J. Lam in Lauterb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 94. 1924; Fed- de & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 47 (2): 245. 1927; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 67 & 92 (1942) and ed. 2, 149 & 185. 1949; Mold., Résumé 201 & 455. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 336 (1971) and 2: 878. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 31: 398. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 326, 405, & 547. 1980. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the leaf-blades 12--15 cm. long, only 3.5--6.5 cm. wide, apically acute, and basally cuneate. It is based on Ledermann 13022, also from wood on mountains at what was then called Felsspitze in the Sepik Mountains near the Kaiser-August river, in northeastern New Guinea, at 1400--1500 m. altitude, collected on August 20, 1913. Warburg (1924) cites both Ledermann 13021 and 13022 as this variety, but, according to Lam (1919) the former collection is the type collection of the typical form and it is the latter collection which was designated by him as the type of the variety. FARADAYA PEEKELII (Matkgraf) Mold., Resumé 204, 268, & 455, hypo- nym. 1959; comb. nov. Synonymy: Clerodendron peekelii Markgraf, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Beri. 10s 120. 1927. Bibliography: Markgraf, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 10: 121. 1927; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 54. 1933; Mold., Resumé 204, 208, & 455. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 333 & 452 (1971) and 2: 878. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 329 & 547. 1980. A scandent, glabrous shrub; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles to 7 cm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades coriaceous, broadly ovate or orbicular, to 19 cm. long and 15 cm. wide, apically short-acumin- ate, marginally entire, basally rounded; glabrous on both surfaces, the venation all equally conspicuous; inflorescence axillary and terminal, cymose, many-flowered, basally with smaller ovate-lanceo- leaves partially connate with the peduncle, otherwise minutely bracteolate; flowers glabrous; calyx cyathiform, coriaceous, to 8 mm. long, 2- or 3-fid to beyond the middle, the lobes irregular and apically obtuse; corolla white, its tube to 12 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, the lobes 4, cuneiform, as long as the tube, apically obtuse, unequal; stamens 4, irregularly didynamous; filaments to 4 cm. long, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid, split to the middle; style filiform, 4 cm. long, glabrous; ovary obovate, 3 mm. long, 2 m. wide, externally pubescent. This species is based on Peekel 969 from bush at Vunapope, Takubar, New Ireland, in the Bismark Archipelago. Marcgraf (1927) comments that "Die Art gehUrt in die kleine Sektion Tridens H. J. Lam [of Clerodendrum] und weist einige Ahnlichkeit mit dem ebenfalls papuasischen Cl. magnificum Warb. auf, bei dem wie hier die Zahl der Kelchzipfel zwischen 2 und 3 schwankt." In a personal communication to Dr. Lam from Dr. Van Steenis, dated December 5, 1938, he states that "Hierbij een ex. verzameld door Peekel (no. 145) op Bismarck Arch. door hem als Cleroderdron Peekelii Markgr. ingezonden. Het is echter een Faradaya: groote bladvoerklieren, liaan! Er bestaat de mogelijkheid, dat Peekel zich 32 PH Y TOs) O1G {oA Vol. 52, Nov vergist heeft in zijn herinnering, van het nummer, wat Markgraf beschreven heeft in Notizbl. Berl.-Dahlem 10, 1927, p. 121. Hij geeft haast geen maten op vermeldt niet dat - zooals in dit num- mer — de bloenkroonbuis in de keel sterk verwijd is, enz. terwijl Markgraf opgeeft, dat het een klimmende heester zou moeten zijn! Dit kan toch niet voor Clerodendron!!?? Het lijkt me daarom wel vrij zeker, dat Clerodendron Peekelii een Faradaya is! "Je vermeldt in je diss. Faradaya nervosa H. J. L. als een 30m hooge boom. Volgens je tabel zou deze soort ook geen klieren aan den bladvoet bezitten. Daar de bloemen los van de bladeren zijn verzameld door Lauterbach, lijkt mij vergissing hiet uitgesloten. Faradayas zijn klimmende heesters, doorgaans echte lianen, geen hooge boomen." While this is certainly in general true, it still remains that numerous collectors have described species of this genus as "trees". In the tropics it is often difficult to be certain how to describe a given plant specimen in the forest. The lower leaves on Peekel 145 are basally truncate and very much broader than the others Citations: BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO: New Ireland: Peekel 145 (Bz-- 72905, Bz--72906, N). FARADAYA POWELLII Seem. ex Powell in Seem., Journ. Bot. 6: 342. 1868, Synonymy: Clerodendron powellii Benth. & Hook. f£. ex Drake del Castillo, Tlust. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pact£.. 261, 1892. Faradaya savaiiensis Rech., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 85: 166. 1910. Bibliography: Powell in Seem., Journ. Bot. 6: 342 & 384. 1868; Seem., Fl. Vit. 432 & 441. 1873; F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl., imp. 1, 8: 48. 1886; Drake del Castillo, Illust. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. 261. 1892; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 496. 1906; Rech., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 85: 166. 1910; Rech., Bot, Ergebn. Sam. Sal.-Inseln 340, pl. 13, fig. B. 1910; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, imp. 1, 90. 1913; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 319 & 365. 1919; Setchell, Carbegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 341: pl. 13. 1924; Setchell, Carnegie Inst. Dept. Marine Biol. 20: pl. 13B. 1924; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (2): 644. 1925; Christophersen, B. P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 193. 1935; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 115, 1938; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 496. 1941; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 402. 1941; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 69 & 92 (1942) and ed. 2, 151 & 185. 1949; Van Steenis, Act. Bot. Néerl. 4: [477]. 1955; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, imp. 2, 90. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 496. 1959; Mold., Résumé 207, 268, & 455. 1959; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 3: 32. 1962; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 351 & 453 (1971) and 2: 519 & 878. 1971; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (3): ix. 1974; F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl., imp. 2, 8: 48. 1979; Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 342 & 547. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 390 & 396. 1982. Illustrations: Rech., Bot. Ergebn. Sam. Sal.-Inseln pl. 13, fig. 1982 Moldenke, Additional notes on Faradaya 33 B. 1910; Setchell, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 341: pl. 13. 1924; Setchell, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Dept. Marine Biol. 20: pl. 13B. 1924. A large, slender or robust, climbing shrub or vine, sometimes ascending the highest trees, large-flowered, 8 or more m. long, or a tree, 3--4 m. tall [Christophersen & Hume 2232; Garber 552]; stems round, except at the flat nodes, ascending, glabrous, the sap not milky; leaves decussate-opposite; leaf-blades coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, marginally entire, dark-green above, light-green beneath, punctate; in florescence axillary and terminal, panicu- late; flowers large, wtth little or no odor or sweet-scented [de- pending on time of day?]; calyx inferior, regular, basally green. persistent, coriaceous, apically slightly 4-lobed, the tube and lobes white; corolla white, trumpet-shaped, regular, to 6 cm. long, 4-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud; stamens 4, inserted in the corolla-tube and alternate with its lobes; filaments down- wardly incurved in bud; anthers large, versatile, 4-celled, 2- lobed; style single, awl-shaped, longer than the corolla, arising from the base of the ocary-lobes; ovary borne on a large torus, 4-parted, apically 4-lobed, each part with 1 basal ovule; fruit large, to 12 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, curvate, at first green, later red or bright-red, fleshy, the drupes oblong, somewhat curvate, the epicarp thin and fleshy, the mesocarp bony. Powell (1868) reports that "pigeons take three or four of these drupes into their gullet at once; hence [the fruits] are called "‘mam¥lupe' (the pigeon's mouthful)". The species is based on an unnumbered Powell collection from Samoa, where the plant is also called "filitavatio" and "mamagi". Collectors have found this plant growing along roadsides and trailsides, in rocky soil, in open, wet, secondary, and ridge for- ests, on densely wooded slopes, in thickets, among secondgrowth, in bush country, on seashores and coasts, and on plateaus, from sealevel to 1700 m. altitude, and flower from June to April, and in fruit in January, March, August, and October. The corollas are uniformly described as "white". Wismer refers to the fruit as a "capsule" and avers that the "flowers and fruit appear simultane- ously on the same plant". He refers to the plant as a “tall tree" [Wismer 53]. Other collectors also refer to it as a shrub or tree. Garber, however, describes it as a "vine on trees to great height". Harris encountered the plant "in damp rocky soil under cover of light forest on gently hillside slopes"; Diefenderfer says that it occurs "on lowlands", but Christophersen (1935) reports it "common in the forests at all elevations". Bristol also refers to it as “climbing in forest trees". Its white flowers are used locally for making wedding wreaths Vernacular names reported for the species are "filitavatio", "fue", "fue vai", "mamagi", "m¥ ma lupe", "mama lupe", "mama lupe", and "mamalupe" (meaning "pigeon's mouthful") because native pigeons feed on the fruit. The original publication of this taxon is sometimes mis-cited as "Journ. Bot. 6: 382. 1888". 34 PHY TO OrGrr az Vol. 525 °Nowe Faradaya savaiiensis is based on Rechinger 3728 from Savaii, deposited in the Vienna herbarium. The synonym, Clerodendron powellii, is sometimes cited as having been published in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2 (2): 1156 (1876), but this is not true. I suspect that F. powellii may be conspecific with F. amicorum (Seem.) Seem., and the latter name would have priority. One cotype of F. amicorum in the Britton Herbarium exhibits leaves like those of typical F. powellii, i.e., not distinctly obovate. Dr. C. G. G. Van Steenis, in a letter to me dated August 27, 1955, is also of this opinion, saying: "By the way, do you think F. powellii Seem. ex Powell to be different from F. amicorum? I doubt this very much; I think they are conspecific." In his 1955 work he al- so indicates this same opinion. Christophersen (1935) cites Christophersen 781 and Christopher- sen & Hume 2173 & 2232 from Savaii, Garber 552 & 671 from Tau, Christophersen 990 & 3478, Diefenderfer 1, 12, & 28, and Garber 913 from Tutuila, and Christophersen 188, 299, & 340 and Wilder 77 from Upolu. i The Garber 671, Herb. A. Gray s.n., and Kuntze 2300, distributed as F. powellii, seem to me to be better regarded as representing F. amicorum (Seem.) Seem. A tentative key for distinguishing F. powellii from some of its closest relatives follows: 1. Corolla infundibular. 2. Leaf-blades membranous; native to the Samoan & Tongan Islands. 3. Leaf-blades mostly obovate or obovate-elliptic, basally long-attenuate into the petiole..............F. amicorum. 3a. Leaf-blades mostly broadly elliptic, basally mostly only ACUEES. o/c cle'a a\s 0lc's wiela a\c/alelelsclelalele olelele\elele’s/clc/elelele le l@amricaeieetiis 2a. Leaf-blades subcoriaceous; native to Fiji and Tongan Islands. 4. Pedicles glabrous..............++-.F. lehuntei var. degeneri. 4a. Pedicelis puberullent. 2. oc cccccccssce sce cies viccelie EnUMEG « la. Corolla hypocrateriforn. 5. Corolla-tube less than 1.5 cm. long...........F. salomonensis. 5a. Corolla-tube 2.5--8 cm. long. 6. Pedicels puberulent; corolla-tube to 3.5 cm. long........... F. ovalifolia. 6a. Pedicels glabrous; corolla-tube to 8 cm. long.............- F. ovalifolia var. glabra. Citations: SAMOAN ISLANDS: Ofu: Yuncker 9445 (Bi, Dp--29001). Savaii: Christophersen 781 (B, Bi, Ca--592454, N), 2232 (B, Bi, N); Christophersen & Hume 2173 (Bi), 2232 (Ca--592218); Rechinger 3728 (Bi--photo). Tau: D. W. Garber 552 (Bi, Ca--592221); W. Harris Lot- 2524-Sta.262 (Bi); Yuncker 9174 (Bi, Dp--29002). Tutuila: Chris- tophersen 990 (B, Bi, N), 3478 (B, Bi, Bz=-21020, Ca--592442, N, W--1655754); Diefenderfer 1 (Bi), 12 (Bi), 28 (Bi); D. W. Garber 913 (Bi); Kuntze s.n. [Samoa, May 1904] (N); McKee 2893 (Bi), 2945 (Bi); Meebold 21356 (Mu); Seale s.n. [May 20, 1929] 'What' 1725 and replace with X Orthotanthus 'What' 1709. 1982 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate 1 5M. NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pitcairnia luteyniorum Smith & Read 57 58 PL YoT30) Ly Gr era Plate 2 Piteairnia alversonii Smith & Read Vol. 52, No. l 1982 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate 3 Pseudaechmea ambigua Smith & Read (holotype) 59 60 PSH OYE OSEVORG MirA Vol. 52, No. Ll Plate 4 Pseudaechmea ambigua Smith & Read (isotype) CERTAMEN MELASTOMATACEIS XXXV. John J. Wurdack U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution Except for minor divertissements elsewhere in South America, these notes constitute an interim supplément to the Flora of Ecuador. In addition to the novelties described below, the following species have now been recorded: Meriania pichinchen- sis Wurdack; Miconia brachycalyx Triana (Cotopaxi: Tenafuerste, Rio Pilalo, elev. 750-1300 m, Dodson & Gentry 12727); Miconia impetiolaris (Sw.) Don ex DC. (Los Rios: Jauneche forest, Canton Vinces between Mocache and Palenque, elev. 70-100 m, Dodson et al 6948, 8760, and 9802), contradicting my demurral in the Flora; Clidemia calcarata Cogn. & Gl. ex Gleason (Napo: Baeza-Tena road, south slope of Cordillera de Guacamayos above Jondachi, elev. 1500 m, Harling & Andersson 16351); Clidemia garciabarrigae Wurdack (Carchi: El Pailon ca 45 km below Maldonado, elev. 800 m, Madison & Besse 7093); Ossaea bracteata Triana (Carchi: El Pailon ca 45 km below Maldonado, elev. 800 m, Madison & Besse 7013 and 7014); Ossaea rubescens (Triana) Cogn. (Carchi: El Pailon ca 45 km below Maldonado, elev. 800 m, Madism & Besse 6996); Blakea polyantha Wurdack; Topobea caudata Wurdack; Topobea modica Wurdack; and Alloneuron ecuadorense Wurdack. Of course, there are also many new Province records for species previously known from Ecuador. Gilli (Feddes Repert. 92: 681-683. 1981) has published a list of his own Melastomataceae collections from Ecuador. I have not seen this material, but Miconia corazonica Gilli is a homonym and should be compared with M. asclepiadea Triana, while M. onychocalyx Gilli should be evaluated with the pleiostemonous element of M. crocea (Desr.) Naud. LEANDRA CANDELABRUM (Macbride) Wurdack, comb. nov. Graffenrieda candelabrum Macbride, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. ile V0) Een ee The misplacement of this species has long been known, but the proper generic disposition in the Miconieae has been elusive. In floral morphology, probably the closest relatives are L. aristigera (Naud.) Cogn., L. boissieriana Cogn., and L. lasio- petala Cogn., all with more developed vegetative pubescence, densely glandular-setulose hypanthia, and exappendiculate Stamens. The petals in L. candelabrum externally have a subapi- eal tooth projecting O.3 mm as well as a few minute glands; the torus within is moderately glandular (0.05-0.1 mm); the 3-celled ovary is 72 inferior, with a moderately fine-setulose collar 0.6 mm long; and the baccate fruit is terete. While vegetatively somewhat suggesting Miconia lamprophylla Triana and M. procumbens (Gleason) Wurdack, L. candelabrum differs in basic inflorescence pattern and floral details (petals, ovary). The species range 61 62 PY oo Lo7e: WA Vol. 52, No. 1 now includes Venezuela (Amazonas: Liesner 3831 and 6556), Colom- bia (Amazonas: Schultes & Cabrera 15728), Peru (Amazonas: Huashikat 1414; Loreto), and Brazil (Amazonas: Prance 20746 and 22909). Certainly eastern lowland Ecuador will eventually be included in the distribution. MICONIA PHAEOCHAETA Wurdack, sp. nov. M. aureoidi Cogn. affinis, ramulorum foliorum subtus venarum primariarum inflorescentiarumque pubescentia longiore differt. Ramuli teretes sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae prima- riae inflorescentiaque dense pilis pinoideis (eminentiis ca 0.3 mm longis) 0.3-0.5(-0.8) mm longis furfuracei. Petioli 0.7-1.5 em longi; lamina 10-23 X 4-7.5 cm elliptica vel anguste ovata apice gradatim acuminato basi obtusa, subcoriacea et crenulato- serrulata, supra glabra, subtus in venulis superficieque sparse pilis stellulato-pinoideis 0.2-0.4 mm diam. puberula, 5-nervata (pari tenui inframarginali incluso) nervis secundariis ca 4-5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis obscuris areolis ca 1-1.5 mm latis. Panicula 8-10 cm longa submultiflora; flores 5- meri sessiles, bracteolis 2-2.5 X 1.5 mm ovatis deciduis. Hypan- thium (ad torum) ca 2.7 mm longum dense pilis stellulato- pinoideis indutum; calycis tubus ca 1.1 mm longus, lobis interi- oribus ca 1 mm longis deltoideis intus dense strigulosis (pilis pinoideis), dentibus exterioribus obscuris; torus intus sparse glandulosus (0.1 mm). Petala extus dense granuloso-pruinosa 6-6.2 X 2.3-2.5 mm obovato-oblonga. Stamina dimorphica, fila- mentis 6.3-6.5 mm vel 4.7-4.8 mm longis modice glanduloso- puberulis (0.2 mm), thecis subulatis, poro 0.15 mm diam. Stamina maiora: thecae 4.3 X 0.6 X 0.6 mm, poro ventraliter inclinato; connectivum ad basim incrassatum 0.8 mm altum glandulis 2-3 in quoque lobo ornatum. Stamina minora: thecae 4 x 0.8 X O.7 m, poro dorsaliter inclinato; connectivo ad basim paulo incrassatum eglandulosum vel ventraliter glandula minuta obscura munitum. Stigma expansum 1 mm diam.; stylus 8 X 0.5-0.6 mm modice glandu- loso-puberulus; ovarium 5-loculare ca 2/3 inferum, cono sparse glanduloso (0.1 mm). Type Collection: G. Harling & L. Andersson 16581 (holotype GB; isotype US), collected on the Lago Agrio-El Conejo road between Lago Agrio and Proyecto San Miguel, Prov. Napo, Ecuador, elev. ca 300 m, 16 Feb. 1980. "Shrub 1m high. Corolla yellow- ish green, stamens white." Paratype: Willmar Schwabe 73/163 (US), from near Rio Pepino about 15 km from Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia, 13 Feb. 1973. Miconia aureoides (see description in Flora of Ecuador 13: 132. 1980) has cauline, foliar, inflorescence, and hypanthial hairs only 0.1(-0.2) mm long with very minute enations; usually the connective glands in the small stamens are obvious. Miconia mazanana Macbride has paleaceous hairs at the branchlet nodes and pedicellate flowers with minute hypanthial pubescence. Both M. muricata (Don) Triana and M. glandulifera Cogn. (Phytologia 18: 201. 1981) seem more distantly related. 1982 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 63 MICONIA SETICAULIS Wurdack, sp. nov. M. pujanae Mef. affinis, floribus 5-meris paulo minoribus, hypanthiis modice pilis stipitato-stellatis indutis differt. Ramuli teretes sicut petioli densiuscule pilis stipitato- stellatis (stipite plerumque 2-2.5 mm longo, radiis paucis ca 0.3 mm longis) setosi. Petioli 1-2 cm longi; lamina (9-)12-20 x (4-)6-8 em elliptica apice hebeti-acuto vel paullulo hebeti- acuminato basi rotundata, tenuis et distanter undulato-serrulata, supra et ad margines primum pilis stipitato-stellatis (stipite 0.3-0.5 mm longo) demum deciduis et pilis simplicibus laevibus 0.5-1 mm longis subpersistentibus sparse induta, subtus in venis primariis pilis stipitato-stellatis (stipite ca 1 m longo) modice setulosa in venis secundariis venulisque pilis stipitato- stellatis (stipite plerumque 0.3-0.5 mm longo) sparse puberula, 3-5-nervata vel paulo (usque ad 1 em) pseudoplinervata nervis secundariis ca 5-7 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subobscuris areolis 1-2 mm latis. Panicula 2-4 cm longa submultiflora; flores 5-meri sessiles, bracteolis ca 2 X 0.35 mm setulosis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 1.3 mm longum modice setulosum (stipite ca 0.5 mm longo); calyx tenuis in alabastris clausus demum subirregulariter dehiscens ca O.5 mm longus; torus intus modice glanduloso-puberulus (0.1 mm). Petala 1.2 X 0.5-0.6 mm obovato- oblonga glabra. Filamenta 0.8-1 mm longa glabra; thecae 0.7- 0.8 X 0.15 mm oblongae, poro O.1 mm diam. paullulo dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum non prolongatum, dente dorsali descen- denti 0.25-0.3 X 0.2 mm rotundato-truncato. Stigma non expan- sum; stylus glaber; ovarium 1/2 inferum, apice setuloso. Type Collection: G. Harling & L. Andersson 1 (633 (holotype GB; isotype US), collected in virgin rain forest, Finca El Valle de Muerte, Rio Curaray ca 10 km east of Curaray (Jesus Pitishka), Prov. Pastaza, Ecuador, elev. 200 m, 22 March 1980. "Shrub ca 2m high. Corolla white. Ovary violet.” Miconia pujana has rather similar (but somewhat shorter ) coarse cauline hairs, but 4-merous flowers and hypanthia nearly esetulose. All of the 5-merous species in this alliance have fine cauline and foliar pubescence and much larger flowers, the closest to M. Sseticaulis perhaps being M. dorsiloba Gleason and M. duckei Cogn. MICONIA FILAMENTOSA Gleason subsp. CAQUETANA Wurdack, subsp. nov. Floribus maioribus calycis dentibus exterioribus eminentibus differt. Type Collection: J. Cuatrecasas & T. Soderstrom 27146 (holotype US 2596189), collected at San Iufs near Quebrada de Miramar, left bank of Rfo Orteguaza, Caqueta, Colombia, elev. 340 m, 16 January 1969. "Arbol 4m. Hoja verde. Flores blancas." Paratype: E. L. Little & R. R. Little 9742 (US), from Rfo Caqueta across from Solano, lano, 8 km SE of Tres Esquinas below mouth of Rfo Orteguaza, Putumayo, Colombia, elev. 200 m, 10 March 1945. "Small tree 6 m high, 5 cm DBH. Bark gray, smooth, trunk angled. Fls. white." 64 PsH Yo TOR OGaieA Vol. 525 eNocek The typical Loreto (Peru) population of M. filamentosa has petals 2.7-3 X 1-1.2 mm (rather than 3.5-3.6 X 1.4-1.6 mm), large anthers 2.4-2.5 mm long (rather than 2.8-3 mm), small anthers 1.8-2 mm long (rather than 2.4-2.5 mm), hypanthium plus calyx tube ca 1.7 mm long (rather than 2.4 m), and inframarginal external calyx teeth (rather than ca 0.2-0.3 mm emergent). ‘The floral dimensions given in the original description of M. fila- mentosa are larger than seen by me on Klug 938 (US). MICONIA CONFORMIS Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Miconia. M. cazaletii Wurdack affinis, foliis flori- busque minoribus differt. Ramuli teretes sicut folia novella inflorescentia hypanth- iaque obscure furfuracei (indumento amorpho) glabrati; linea interpetiolaris obscure evoluta. Petioli ca 1 cm longi; lamina 7-11 X 2.5-4.5 cm elliptica apice gradatim per 1-1.5 cm hebeti- acuminato basi acuta et in petiolem anguste decurrenti, chartacea et integra, breviter (ca 5 mm ) triplinervata nervis secundariis ca 5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis obscuris laxe (0.5-1 mm) reticulatis. Panicula 9-10 cm longa submultiflora, ramulis pri- mariis 2-4 in quoque nodo; flores 5-meri, pedicellis plerumque 1-2 mm longis et ca O.2 mm infra hypanthia articulatis, bracte- olis 0.3-0.5 mm longis angustis subpersistentibus. Hypanthium (ad torum) 1.8 mm longum; calycis tubus 0.2 mm longus, lobis interioribus 0.3 mm longis deltoideis granulosis, dentibus exterioribus obscuris non eminentibus; torus intus glaber. Petala 1.6-1.7 X 0.8 mm obovato-oblonga (apice rotundato-trun- cato) granulosa apicem versus minute fimbriato-ciliolata. Stami- na dimorphica glabra; filamenta 1.5 mm longa, thecis lanceatis, poro O.1 mm diam., connectivo non vel vix prolongato. Stamina maiora: thecae 1.9 X 0.3 X 0.4 mm, poro ventraliter inclinato; connectivum ad basim appendice cordiformi 0.4 X O.4-0.5 mm arma- tum. Stamina minora: thecae 1.5 X 0.3 X 0.4 m. poro dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum ad basim acute ca 0.2 mm trilobulatun. Stigma paulo expansum O.3 mm diam.; stylus 5-5.5 X 0.25 mm glaber; ovarium 3-loculare et ca 1/2 inferum, apice granuloso. Type Collection: J. Jaramillo & F. Coello 3527 (holotype AAU), collected in tropical rain forest north of Tonampari (Waorani-Auca village), Prov. Pastaza, Ecuador, elev. 400-500 m, 14 August 1980. "Arbusto de 4 m, estambres blancos, anteras cafés, flores en boton rosadas." The suggested relative has leaf blades mostly 20-32 X 6-11 cm, subsessile flowers, petals 3 X 1.5-1.7 mm, and anther thecae 2.6-3 mm or 2-2.3 mm long. More distantly related perhaps is M. oligantha Wurdack. The vegetative aspect of M. conformis is rather like that of M. filamentosa Gleason (with short pinoid hairs on the stems, primary leaf veins beneath, and inflores- cences, as well as larger flowers) and M. emendata Wurdack (with smaller inflorescences and quite different flowers). MICONIA PILALOENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. pichinchensi Benth. affinis, floribus 1982 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 65 maioribus hypanthiis dense glanduloso-setulosis differt. Ramuli primum obtuse quadrangulati demum teretes sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae inflorescentiaque pilis asperis 0.1-0.7 mm longis erectis vel incurvis modice vel dense induti. Petioli 0.5-0.7 cm longi; lamina 4-7 X 2-4 cm ovato-oblonga apice hebeti-acuto basi 0.2-0.4 em subcordata, chartacea et subcrenulata distanter appresso-ciliolata (pilis laevibus 0.3-0.5 mm longis), supra glabra vel marginem versus sparsissime strigulosa (pilis conicis ca 0.2 mm longis), subtus in venis Secundariis venulisque sparse vel sparsissime setulosa pilis laevibus 0.3-0.6 mm longis, 5-7-nervata nervis secundariis ca 3 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus laxe reticulatis areolis plerumque 0.7-1 mm latis. Panicula 6-11 cm longa pauci- flora, ramulis oppositis sicut hypanthiis dense glanduloso-setu- losis pilis ca 0.5-1.4 mm longis; pedicelli 0O.7-2 mm longi ecrassi, bracteolis ca 1.5 mm longis angustis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 3-3.5 mm longum; calycis tubus 0.6-1 mm longus, lobis interioribus 0.2-0.4 mm longis remotis, dentibus exterioribus erassis non eminentibus; torus intus sparse vel sparsissime glandulosus (0.05-0.1 mm). Petala plerumque 4-5 X 4-4.5 m obovato-suborbicularia glabra. Stamina isomorphica; filamenta 3-5 mm longa sparse glanduloso-puberula (0.1 mm); antherarum thecae 3-3.5 X 0.7-0.9 X 0.9-1.1 mm oblongae, poro 0.15-0.25 mm diam. terminali vel paullulo ventraliter inclinato; connectivum non prolongatum dorsaliter ad basim exappendiculatum ventraliter 0.2-0.3 mm bilobulatum. Stigma expansum 0.6-0.8 mm diam.; stylus 8-9.5 X 0.3-0.5 mm modice glanduloso-puberulus (0.2 mm); ovarium 5-loculare et 1/3-1/2 inferum, collo 0.3-0.5 mm longo sparse glanduloso. Type Collection: B. Lojtnant, A. & U. Molau 13947 (holo- type AAU; isotype GB), collected in cloud forest along Latacunga- Quevedo road 3-5 km above Pilalo, Prov. Cotopaxi, Ecuador, elev. 2700-2800 m, 28 May 1979. "Subshrub ca 1m tall. Petals white. Stamens yellow." Paratype: L. Holm-Nielsen & S. Jeppesen 1114 (AAU, US), from near Pilalo, Cotopaxi, Ecuador, elev. 2400 m. "Bush. Flowers redly tarnished or white." Miconia pichinchensis has only eglandular hairs on the inflorescences and hypanthia, as well as smaller flowers; the salient differences were listed in the Flora of Ecuador (13: 220), the additional material strengthening the specific status. Colombian relatives include those listed in the original descrip- tions of M. cordifolia Wurdack and M. luteynii Wurdack. MICONIA PROTUBERANS Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. barbeyanae Cogn. affinis, petiolorum insertionibus elevatis laminis ad basim rotundatis hypanthiis basaliter pilis stellulato-pinoideis indutis differt. Ramulis primum rotundato-quadrangulati demum teretes sicut petioli inflorescentiaque dense et laminarum subtus venae pri- mariae hypanthiaque (basim versus) modice vel sparsiuscule pilis stellulato-pinoideis 0.05-0.1 mm latis puberuli et glandulis 66 PH Wor 01.0 Gal A Vol. 52, Nowedt clavatis 0.05 mm longis induti demum glabrati. Petioli 1.5-2 cm longi in ramulorum zona 1-2 mm elevata inserti; lamina 9-13 X (4-)5-9 em elliptico-ovata apice abrupte per 1-1.5 cm hebeti- acuminato basi rotundato-truncato vel obscure cordulata, cori- acea et integra, utrinque in superficie glabra, 5-nervata vel usque ad 5 mm pseudoplinervata nervis secundariis 2-3(-5) m inter se distantibus nervulis subtus obscuris areolis ca. 0.3 mi latis. Panicula 6-18 cm longa multiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis ca 2 mm longis ad hypanthii bases articulatis, brac- teolis ca 0.5 X 0.1 mm linearibus caducis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2mm longum; calycis tubus 0.2 mm longus, lobis interioribus 0.6 mm longis ovatis ad basim remotis, dentibus exterioribus lobos interiores aequantibus vel paullulo (0.2 mm) excendentibus; torus intus glaber. Petala 2 X 1.5-1.6 mm obovato-rotundata glabra. Stamina isomorphica glabra; filamenta 2.3-2.5 mm longa; anthera- rum thecae 1.8-2 X 0.5 X 0.5 mm oblongae, poro 0.1 mm diam. vix dorsaliter inclinato, connectivo simplici non prolongato. Stigma expansum 0.6-0.7 mm diam.; stylus 6.5 X 0.3 mm glaber in ovarii apicem lobulatum O.3 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et ca 1/4- we inferum lobulis apicalibus sparse glanduloso-setulosis fOr mm). Type Collection: G. Harling & L. Andersson 16433 (holotype GB; isotype US), collected in primary montane rain forest on Baeza-Tena road on southern slopes of Cordillera de Guacamayos, Prov. Napo, Ecuador, elev. ca 1800 m, 9 February 1980. "Liane- like climbing shrub. Corolla white, anthers yellow." Miconia barbeyana has the petiolar insertion regions of the branchlets not elevated, distinctly plinerved leaf blades acute at the base, an indiscrete (squamulose) indument, and smaller anthers. The tumid nodes, anthers, and ovary apex shape in M. protuberans are rather like those in M. annulata (Naud. ) Triana, which has minutely denticulate leaf blades with very lax venule areoles, larger flowers (hypanthium 3 mm long) with inframarginal external calyx teeth, and a glabrous ovary cone. While the recently described M. coloradensis Almeda has callused petiole insertions and similar leaf shape, I do not believe that it is intimately related to M. protuberans (larger well-defined vege- tative hairs, apically setulose petioles, 9-ll-nerved leaf blades, larger flowers with the hypanthial torus glandular - setulose within); a second collection of the Panama species is Mendoza, Mendieta, & Mayo 291 (US), from Campamento del Bijao in Fortuna, Prov. Chiriqui. MICONIA ANDERSSONII Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. De affinitate intima mihi incognita. In foliorum venatione et ramulorum nodis M. fosbergii Wurdack simi- le, sed ob indumentum antherasque differt. Ramuli primum obtuse quadrangulati mox teretes primum (praecipue ad nodos) sicut foliorum subtus venae primariae densiuscule pilis 0.2-0.7 mm longis apicem versus sparse barbel- latis setulosi et sicut inflorescentia hypanthiaque dense sub- amorpho-furfuracei; nodi circa petiolorum insertionem ca 1 mi 1982 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 67 elevati, linea interpetiolari tenui evoluta. Petioli 2-3.5 cm longi; lamina (12-)15-30 X (4-)6-11.5 cm elliptica apice subgra- datim per 1-2 cm hebeti-acuminato basi acuta, chartacea et obscure undulato-denticulata, ubique primum stellulato-furfur- acea, supra mox glabrata, subtus demum in superficie glabra in venis secundariis venulisque glanduloso, 5-plinervata pari interiore 1-2.5 cm supra basin divergenti nervis secundariis 3-4 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus dense reticulatis areolis 0.2-0.3 mm latis. Panicula 15-22 cm longa multiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 0.5-1 mm longis, bracteolis ca 2 X 1 mm deciduis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2 mm longum; calycis tubus O.5 mm longus, lobis interioribus 0.2 mm longis remotis, dentibus exterioribus furfuraceo-setulosis lobos interiores aequantibus vel paullulo superantibus; torus intus glaber. Petala 4.3-4.5 x 1.6-1.9 mm oblonga glabra. Stamina isomorphica; filamenta 2.1- 2.2 mm longa apicaliter sparse glanduloso-puberula (0.05-0.1 mm); antherarum thecae 2.1 X 0.6 X 0.4 mm oblongae, poro O.15 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum non prolongatum, dorsaliter ad basim dente hebeti descendenti 0.2-0.3 X 0.3-0.4 m armatum. Stigma expansum 0.7 mm diam.; stylus 4.5 X 0.3-0.5 mm basim ver- sus modice glanduloso-puberulus in ovarii collo 0.2 mm immersus; ovarium 3-loculare et 0/3 inferum, apice sparse glanduloso- granuloso (0.05 mm). Type Collection: Harling & L. Andersson 19235 (holotype US 2951978; isotype ae (ocieaeae along trail from El Corazon to Facundo Vela 1-3 km south of El Corazon, Prov. Cotopaxi, Ecuador, elev. 1300-1400 m, 17 May 1980. "Shrub ca 3 m high. Corolla white to very pale pink.” Paratypes (both Ecuador): Harling & Andersson 1 19238 (GB), topotypical ("Shrub ca 2 m. Corolla pink."); A. S. Hitchcock 21188 (US), La Chorita-Portovelo (Gold Mine near Zaruma) , Prov. El Oro, elev. 1000-2000 m ("Shrub 10-15 ft."). Miconia fosbergii has similar annulate-incrassate branchlet nodes and large plinerved leaf blades, but long penicillate- stellate branchlet hairs as well as well-formed short stellulate pubescence, laxly reticulate leaf venules, hypamthial torus glandular-ciliolate within, shorter petals, and spathulate introrsely bipored anthers. Miconia rivetii Dang. & Cherm. is even more distantly related. All the Miconia species in Sect. Amblyarrhena have been canvassed, without really locating a close relative for M. anderssonii; the general vegetative aspect, but not the flowers, is rather like that of some species of Ossaea Sect. Octopleura. TOCOCA LANCIFOLIA Triana var. ANAPHYSCA Wurdack, var. nov. Foliis omnibus sine formicariis differt. Type Collection: Pedro Pinate & Edgardo Mondolfi 1 034 (holotype US 2952367; isotype VEN), ci collected along the middle and upper Rio Atacavi, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela, elev. ca 100 n, 10-24 Nov. 1980. "“Arbusto muy ramificadd do aproximadamente 3 m." In the typical variety, large formicaria are developed in 68 EASY ero x sOuGeigA Vol. 52, Nowe! one or both members of each leaf pair. Other than this rather startling difference, the two varieties are alike vegetatively and in floral details. Because of the complete lack of domatia, var. anaphysca would key to near T. lasiostyla Cogn., with densely ciliolate-serrulate leaf blades rounded (rather than acute) at the base, densely pruinose-granulose petals, anthers with a dorsally inclined pore, moderately setulose style, and completely inferior ovary. All of the material (four sheets) of Pinate & Mondolfi 1034 has been available for study. As has been indicated in the past, formicarial development in the Melasto- mataceae seems genetically determined. During the course of growing Melastomataceae from seed for chromosome counts (Phyto- logia 47: 199-220. 1980), small domatia usually appeared in the sixth to eighth leaf pair of a seedling in Tococa guianensis Aublet, Maieta guianensis Aublet, and M. poeppigii Mart. ex Triana, with subsequent formicaria becoming larger; the first- mentioned was grown to flowering size (Wurdack 2566) without benefit of ants. BLAKEA HARLINGII Wurdack, sp. nov. B. truncatae Gleason affinis, foliis oblongo-ellipticis basaliter nervatis floribus minoribus petalis obtusis differt. Ramuli teretes primum sicut folia novella obscure furfur- acei mox glabrati. Petioli 1-2.5 cm longi; lamina (8-)10-17 X (2.5-)4-6.5 em oblongo-elliptica apice subabrupte per 0.5-1.5 ecm acuminato basi late acuta vel anguste obtusa, coriacea et integra, subtus in nervorum primariorum axillis obscure caduceque barbellata, 3-nervata (pari exteriore tenui inframarginali neg- lecto) nervis secundariis ca 1 mm inter se distantibus. Flores in quoque nodo superiore plerumque 4, pedicellis 2.5-3 cm longis; bracteae firmae glabrae; bracteae exteriores 19 X 13 mm anguste ovatae acutae extus carinatae ad basim per ca 4 mm coalitae; bracteae interiores 16 X 13 mm obtusae liberae. Hypanthium (ad torum) 8 mm longum glabrum; calycis tubus 4+ mm longus, lobis 1.5-1.7 mm longis oblatis; torus intus glaber. Petala 16 X 13 mn obovata (apice obtuso ) apicem versus obscure caduceque retrorso-ciliata alioqui glabra. Filamenta ca 7.3 mm longa; antherae 5.2 X 3.5 (connectivo incluso) X 2.2 mm ovatae ut vide- tur inter se non cohaerentes subapicaliter minute biporosae; connectivi dens dorsalis 2.5 mm longus hebes. Stigma non expan- sum; stylus 13 X 0.8-0.3 mm glaber; ovarium 6-loculare et 6 mm inferum, cono apicali 2 mm longo angusto glabro. Type Collection: G. Harling & L. Andersson 16427 (holotype GB; isotype US), collected in primary montane rain forest along Baeza-Tena road on southern slopes of Cordillera de Guacamayos, Prov. Napo, Ecuador, elev. ca 1800 m, 9 February 1980. "Big liana. Corolla white, anthers violet." The suggested Colombian relative (Syn.: B. mitrata Uribe) has obovate-oblong slightly plinerved leaf blades, outer bracts high-united, elliptic-lanceate to narrowly ovate acute petals 22-30 mm long, and anthers 6.5-7 mm long with the dorsal acumi- nate spur ca 4.5-5.5 mm long. Blakea quadrangularis Triana and 1982 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 69 perhaps B. schultesii Markgraf also belong in this assemblage; both have outer floral bracts essentially free, slightly pli- nerved leaf blades, and large connective spurs; the former also has well developed calyx lobes and rounded ovary cone. The Central American species-pair B. bella Standley-B. cuneata Standley have vegetative facies and bracts suggestive of the above group, but I have not examined material with petals or stamens; both were described as with petals rounded or truncate at the apex and with no mention of dorsal spurs on the stamen connectives. In the Flora of Ecuador, B. harlingii would key to near B. Spruceana Cogn. TOPOBEA ACUMINATA Wurdack, sp. nov. T. caudatae Wurdack affinis, foliis proportionaliter angustioribus petalis hypanthiisque parvioribus ovario paulo inferiore differt. Ramuli graciles primum quadrangulares demum teretes, inter- nodiis sicut foliis novellis primum obscure furfuraceis mox glabratis, nodis obscure caduceque strigulosis (ad 1m). Folia in quoque pari in dimensionibus plus minusve disparilia (usque ad 5: 1); petioli (in folia maiora) 1-1.5 cm longa; lamina (folia maiora) 7-12 X 1.7-2.7 em elliptico-oblonga apice per 1-2.5 cm gradatim acuminato basi anguste acuta, subcoriacea et integra, 0.5-1 cm 5-pseudoplinervata pari interiore costa subcoalito nervis secundariis 0.5-0.7 mm inter se distantibus. Flores in quoque nodo superiore singuli vel bini, pedicellis gracilibus 0.9-1.2 cm longis; bracteae exteriores hypanthium aequantes 4.5 X 1.6 mm ellipticae acutae ad basim paulo (0.6 mm) coalitae; bracteae interiores 4 X 2.3 mm elliptico-ovatae acutae liberae. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2.2 mm longum glabrum; calycis tubus 0.8 mm longus, lobis 1.9-2.2 X 1.6 mm triangularibus acutis obscure furfuraceis. Petala 6.2-6.5 X 2.5 mm elliptico-oblonga acumi- nata apicem versus obscure ciliolata. Stamina glabra inter se non cohaerentes; filamenta 3.2 mm longa; antherae 3 X 0.6 X 0.5 mm anguste oblongae, poro unico O.1-0.15 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum ad basim dorsaliter minute (0.1 mm) cal- caratum. Stigma 0.15 mm diam.; stylus 6.5 X 0.35-0.1 mm glaber in ovarii collo 0.5 mm immersus; ovarium 4-loculare et 1/3 inferum, cono 2.2 mm alto glabro. Type Collection: G. Harling & L. Andersson 17058 (holotype GB; isotype US), collected in remnants of primary rain forest at Tarqui 5 km south of Puyo, Prov. Pastaza, Ecuador, elev. ca 850 m, 8 March 1980. "Tree ca 4 m high. Corolla pale yellow." The leaf blades in T. caudata have a length/width ratio (exclusive of the protracted tip) of 1.4-1.5 (rather than 3.5- 3.6), larger bracts, petals 8-8.5 X 4.5 mm with rounded apex, hypanthium 5 mm long, and ovary ca 3/4 inferior. In the Flora of Ecuador, T. acuminata would key to near the more distantly related T. dodsonorum, with quite different foliage, smaller bracts, larger bluntly acute petals, and longer stamen connec - tive tooth. BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "ARCTIC AND ALPINE MYCOLOGY - The First International Symposium on Arcto-Alpine Mycology" edited by Gary A. Loursen & Jo- seph F. Ammirati, ix & 559 pp., 163 b/w fig., 148 photo., 21 maps & 31 tab. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington 98105. 1982. $45.00. This-invitational conference was held at the Naval Arctic Re- search Laboratory operated by the University of Alaska at Bar- row. The introductory paper gives the history of the operation (and non-operation) of the lab. The first scientific paper is on the ecology and distribution of the lower fungi. There fol- low 12 on the taxonomy and distribution of the Ascomycetes and the Basidiomycetes , Then there are 9 on the ecology of these higher fungi as fungi and as vegetative mycelia in arctic tundra peat. Most of the papers were followed by question-answer peri- ods whose details were added. A list of fungi from a field foray is added. This is an interesting report on what must have been a very interesting set of meetings. "THE AMERICAN WEATHER BOOK" by David M. Ludlum, xix & 296 pp., 44 b/w photo., 24 maps & 12 tab. Houghton-Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts 02108. 1982. $14.95 clothbound, $8.95 paperbound. This book is chock-full of detailed extremes of all phases of weather mainly for our 48 temperate contiguous states strongly influenced by prevailing westerly winds, but also for our arctic Alaska and tropical Hawaiian Islands. Only during the last 110 years have full records been kept by the U. S. Weather Bureau; they provide the main source for these reports. Organized by calendar and meteorological reasons January gives the extremes of cold weather, February snow, March winds, April floods, May tornadoes, June thunder and hail storms, July heat waves, August drought, September hurricanes, October air pollution, November fog, and December ice storms. The illustrations are convincing. There are included a few vivid verified accounts of persons caught in some of these extreme conditions -- as, for instance, that of a Marine pilot who ejected from his "dead" plane over a North Carolina thunderstorm and his 40-minute 9-mile descent through it. At the end of this useful, accurate and interesting compendium of meteorological facts are tables for extremes of precipitation by states, and a glossary. 70 1982 Moldenke, Book reviews 71 "READINGS FROM SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN - GENETICS" introduced and edited by Cedric I. Davern, iv & 331 Pp-, 9 color photo., 100 color fig., 52 b/w photo., 72 b/w fig., & 13 tab. W. H. Freeman & Company, San Francisco, California 94104. 1981. $9.95 paperbound and $19.95 clothbound. Editor Davern inust have had a delicious task choosing from a- mong the many outstanding articles "la créme de la créme" and or- ganizing them into such a fine concoction according to the follow- ing introduced topics: (1) Principles of heredity, (2) Chemical basis of heredity, (3) Genetic analysis, (4) Genetic expression and regulation, (5) Genetic transactions, (6) Evolution and (7) Applied genetics. Mendel's "Experiments in Plant Hybridization", now appreciated because of "his vigorous quantitative and analyti- cal approach, is served as a topping for all. There are the usual bibliographies, list of Scientific American's other ar- ticles on genetics, as well as the usual name and subject indexes. The book should be required reading along with a fine text for all regular and advanced genetics courses on the university level. "BIOCHEMISTRY OF THERMOPHILY" edited by S. Marvin Friedman, xiii & 400 pp., 101 b/w fig., 34 photo., 67 tab. & 1 map. Academic Press, New York, N. Y. 10003. 1978. $35.00. The 23 interesting papers that comprise this book were presented at a seminar at the U. S. - Japan Cooperative Science Program in the East-West Center of Honolulu. They are organized about such topics as: lipids and membranes, ecological and genetic aspects, protein synthesis and proteins. The editor's preface emphasizes certain features of these thermophilic microorganisms. Since their macromolecules are heat-stable "they are often found as con- taminants in canned food and dairy products" as well as "thermal pollutants of our aquatic environments". From an evolutionary standpoint "they appear to represent primordial growth forms". Since no index was added, it will take longer to hunt for any specific information in this book. "PINE BARRENS: Ecosystem and Landscape" edited by Richart T. T. Forman, xlii & 601 pp., 9 color & 70 b/w photo., 28 maps, 149 fig. & 45 tab. Academic Press, New York, N. Y. 10003. 1979. $42.50. This excellently prepared study covers a great wealth of subject matter thoroughly, effectively, and yet free of excessive technical verbiage as it accounts for early and present human exploitation, geology and soils, climate and aquatic ecosystems, plants and vege- tation patterns, and animals and animal communities (especially mosquitoes and "biting" flies!). The 33 papers are variously au- thored and are dedicated to the memory of Prof. Murray Buell who actually died in these interesting Pine Barrens while engaged ina 72 PB Wet GL OG 1, A Vol. 52, Hesse research project on land-use policy planning. This "book is a reference and a text, but most importantly presents information in a usable form for a wide range of individuals" -- ecologists, botanists, geologists, soil scientists, zoologists, hydrologists, limnologists, engineers, avocational naturalists and students of all these fields. I hope that this book will be released some- time in the near future in inexpensive paperbound form, the bet- ter to fit into the budgets of students in the nearby community colleges, state colleges and visitors to the state forests, etc. I hope that they will be motivated to keep their copies as actu- ally describing memories of their own visits to this inter- esting New Jersey area. "FOREST SUCCESSION - Concepts and Application" edited by Darrell C. West, Herman H. Shugart & Daniel B. Botkin, xv & 517 pp., 112 b/w fig. & 53 tab. Springer-Verlag, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10010. 1981. $36.80. Based upon the 25 well reported research papers of this timely conference report, current concepts about and case histories of succession "integrate the implications of space, time, and pro- cesses". What I especially like about this book is that along with important formulas, clear charts, and some very effectively presented figures of cycles of biochemicals and grosser pro- ducts, I can still read and actually visualize boreal, coniferous and deciduous forests, all that goes on among the small living and dead in woody debris and the below-ground processes in forest succession, and the vegetational changes in chaparral, desert communities and savannas. "PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY" by J. G. Manners, viii & 264 pp-, 36 b/w fig., 14 tab., 2 maps, & 25 photo. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1982. $47.50 clothbound & $17.95 paperbound. This is a well planned, clearly stated text "covering the prin- ciples on which present-day plant pathology is based" rather than "3 manual for the identification and control of specific plant diseases" which are left to other publications and to field and lab training with experienced workers. The topics covered in this book are the causes of plant disease, the physiology and genetics of host-parasite pathogen relationships, epidemiology and disease control. There is a particularly good glossary, a long, long list of references and some very effective diagrams, 4s, for instance, fig. 31 "showing interaction of elements during a patho- gen generation" of Erysiphe graminis. .- PHYTOLOGIA ot OCT 22 An international journal to expedite botanical and phyoerii puoi a 52 October 1982 BOTANICA Next EN CONTENTS -.... G., A conspectus of the Lennoaceae ........... 73 ee LL, J. R., & VOLZ, P. A., In vitro drug tolerance of 4 oral Candida isolates from healthy individuals........ fie GRETHER. R., Mimosa albida, Sensitivae (Leguminosae) NII ca oligo oe Kod a, oid ale LING Kd as RMA eae aca a a ‘OSWALD, F. W., A new form of Helianthus from South Florida . “WASSHAUSEN, D. C., New species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) i IT CUEN SN aes E a) ed, Nn Ce Wed ables 95 ‘CALDERON de RZEDOWSKI, G., Dos especies nuevas de j Viola (Violaceae) de las montafias del Valle de ‘7 ET BONE oo ce ea SN ac0" sos) DL ara tthe GURL o he RR eae se a fee ee Re Caniaceae, Stilbaceae, pare ete bas Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae,and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid taxa,geographic distribution and PILI SMD DICINGRT 2 2+...) 5 33 4.5,» sxd vine sed dale ave ae 110 -MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CLX 129 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Vitex. ERR eta CS FS I ERS Pod 212 Oe ed nae on he 132 ‘ST. JOHN, H., A new species of Labordia (Loganiaceae). } Seaman plant studies 115.001.0000 checkin lec vues 145 ‘MOLDENKE, SE ASI OK: FODICWS as. aii ead cle ass de ea 148 ‘ Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $13.00 in advance or $14.00 after Close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following "number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is “ received after a volume is closed. \ A CONSPECTUS OF THE LENNOACEAE George Yatskievych* Herbarium, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721 The small parasitic angiosperm family Lennoaceae has received sporadic attention from taxonomists in the last 150 years. The first comprehensive treatment was that of Solms-Laubach (1870), and the only other attempt to treat all of the species was by Rydberg (1914) for North American Flora. Other workers have dealt with portions of the family, i.e. Suessenguth (1927) and Steyermark (1968) with Lennoa, and Templeton (1962) with Pholisma. Nomenclatural changes published here have resulted from a recently completed study of the family, which served as a Master's thesis at the University of Arizona and is currently undergoing revision for future publication. Rationale for the new combinations will be discussed in detail in the forthcoming monograph. The following conspectus of the family is presented primarily to validate the new names. LENNOACEAE Torrey ex Solms-Laubach, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 11:174, 1870. nom. cons. I. LENNOA La Llave & Lexarza, Novorum Vegetabilium Descriptiones ey: 1624. 1. LENNOA MADREPOROIDES La Llave & Lexarza, Novorum Vegetabilium Descriptiones 1:7, 1824. Type: MEXICO: MICHOACAN: near Valladolid [Morelia], Lexarza in autumn, Lost and presumed destroyed. Neotype designated here: MEXICO: MICHOACAN: near Morelia, Cerro Punguato, ina maize field, elev. 2250 m, 26 Sep 1958, J.G.Hawkes, J.P.Hjerting, & R.N.Lester 1564 (kK). Lennoa madrepoides Stet Sterdet Nom, Bot., ed. 2, 2:22. 1841. ~ Spalm. la. LENNOA MADREPOROIDES f. MADREPOROIDES Lennoa madreporoides ssp. pringlei Suessenguth, Flora 122:296. 1927. Type: C.G.Pringle 9101. Lennoa madreporoides ssp. schaffneri Suessenguth, Flora 122:296. 1927. Type: J.G.Schaffner 452, 1b. LENNOA MADREPOROIDES f. CAERULEA (H.B.K,)Yatskievych comb. nov. Corallophyllum caeruleum H.B.K., Nova Gen. Species Plant. 7: 276. 1825. Type: Bonpland 4395. * present address: Dept. of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. Portions of this study were funded by grants from Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, and by the University of Arizona Graduate Research Development Fund, to whom the author is indebted. 73 74 EE. PHY TOL0 GEA Vol. 52, No. 2 Lennoa caerulea (H.B,K,)Fournier, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 16:11: “1869. Lennoa madreporoides ssp. reichei Suessenguth, Flora 122:296. 1927. Type: K.Reiche without date or number (M). Lennoa madreporoides var. caerulea (H,B.K -)Steyermark, Acta Bot. Venez. 3:228. 1968. — Lennoa madreporoides ssp. australis Steyermark, Acta Bot. Venez. 3:230. 1968. Type: J.A.Steyermark & A.Braun 94518. PHOLISMA Nuttall ex Hooker, Icon Pl. 7: pl, 626. 1844, 1. PHOLISMA ARENARIUM Nuttall ex Hooker, Icon. Pl. 7: pl. 626. 1844. Type: T.Nuttall without date or number (K). Lennoa arenaria (Nuttall ex Hooker)Fournier, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 16:11. 1869. Pholisma depressum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:198, 1885. Type: E.L.Greene on 10 May 1885. Pholisma paniculatum rene Le ta Bull. S. Calif. AcagoSseqy 37:98. 1938. Type: B.C.Templeton, W.D.Pierce, & D,Pool 4588. 2. PHOLISMA CULIACANA (Dressler & Kuijt)Yatskievych comb. nov. Ammobroma culiacana Dressler & Kuijt, Madrono 19:180. 1968, Type: Dressler 2175. 3. PHOLISMA SONORAE (Torrey ex Gray)Yatskievych comb. nov. Ammobroma Sonorae Torrey ex Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 5:327. 1854. Type: A.B. Gray on 17 - 19 May 1854. IN VITRO DRUG TOLERANCE OF ORAL CANDIDA ISOLATES FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS *& KE J. R. Hatherill and P. A. Volz “Department of Toxicology, The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 KE Mycology Laboratory, Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197 Abstract: The isolation frequency of Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. guillermondii, and C. stellatoidea were noted on the dorsum of the tongue and the maxillary gingival sulcus of 202 healthy human subjects. C. albicans was the predominant isolate and the tongue was slightly more common for Candida isolation. Drug tolerance indexes demonstrated variable resistance in C. albicans isolates in comparison with the other Candida species. Introduction: Oral thrush is a common form of candidiasis, well documented as case reports or as general mycotic descriptions (2,4, 7,9,10,11,12). Causal agents of thrush can be present in the oral microflora of healthy test subjects (1). It is widely established that Candida albicans is the common causative agent of thrush, how- ever, many investigations involving oral flora did not distinguish between Candida species. The present investigation identifies pathogenic species of Candida present on the dorsum of the tongue and the maxillary gingival sulcus in healthy human subjects. The mouth areas sampled are frequently invaded in cases of thrush even when no other involvement in the patient occurs (10). The presence of Candida species is important to monitor due to possible disease expression in high-risk patients (3) , particularly in cancer patients before irradiation (5), in patients on long-term immunosuppressive or antibiotic therapy and before the use of general anesthesia (6). Species and isolate variation of Candida have been shown in dimorphism with numerous biochemical differences (1,14), and variation is also found in dissimilar drug tolerances. Materials and Methods: The dorsum of the tongue and the maxillary gingival sulcus of 202 healthy university students were sampled using sterile polyester swabs. Collected material was immediately streaked on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates and incubated 72 h at 37°C. Stocks of the Candida isolates were maintained in pure culture at 25°C on Sabouraud maltose agar (SMA) slants. Species identifica- tion was accomplished with corn meal agar Dalmau plates for the detection of pseudohyphal characteristics (14). The germ tube test was utilized for positive germ tube production of C. albicans and C. stellatoidea (8). Further separation of the two species was obtained by carbohydrate assimilation tests and colony character- istics (14,19). Experimental and known antifungal test drugs were selected to assay fungal growth inhibition (Table 1). The strains of orally isolated Candida including C. albicans, C. krusei, C. stellatoidea, and C. illermondii were subjected to drugs dispensed in concentrat- ions of 1000 nceg/ml in assay ee on SMA plates previously spread 76 PHY £0 LL O'GEA Vol. 525) NowezZ with suspensions of the test organism. Zones of growth inhibition were recorded in mm with Candida species and isolates. Results: Of the 202 university students examined, Candida isolates were present in 53 or 26.2 % of the individuals. A total of 28 or 13.9 % of the subjects contained Candida species on the dorsum of the tongue but not in the maxillary sulcus, while 16 students or 8.0 % had Candida on both the dorsum of the tongue and maxillary gingival sulcus. Candida was recorded exclusively from the maxill- ary gingival sulci in nine subjects or 4.4 % of the total number of students examined. The 53 isolates of Candida included two isolates of C. krusei, and one isolate each of C. . guillermondii and C. stell- atoidea. The remaining Candida oral isolates were C. albicans __ represented by a 95 % confidence interval (T- distribution) as pre- sented in Charts 1 and 2. All Candida isolates were subjected to further study in the drug investigations. The greatest dr intolerance was noted with 2-cyano-4-nitrothiophene (Abbott 360412) This drug is derived from the addition of a highly toxic cyano group with thiophene. Thiophene is a constituent of biotin, a normal substrate metabolized by yeast organisms. The experimental drug Abbott 6131 demonstrated the second largest inhibition. Mycophenolic acid exhibited growth inhibition which diminished progressively from the central focus of disk appl- ication outward. Isolates C. stellatoidea and C. guillermondii had complete resistance to mycophenolic acid. C. guillermondii, C. krusei, and C. stellatoidea showed significant resistance toward 5- fluorocytosine with respect to isolates of C. albicans. Isolate C. stellatoidea expressed complete resistance to amphotericin B, in contrast to an average inhibition of 2.4 mm with C. albicans. Erythromycin B had negligible effects on C. guillermondii, w while C. albicans isolates expressed an average of 4.7 mm growth inhibition. The isolate C. stellatoidea was resistant to exposure of TAEM, while the remaining Candida isolates had a significant response. Nystatin, chlorambucil, Abbott 25579, DMCTC, and niddamycin did not demonstrate significant differences between isolates of the species. Discussion: There is considerable variation in the isolation fre- quency of Candida in healthy and debilitated patients (3,5,20). Isolation frequencies of Candida were recorded as 37 % from gum samplings and 47.7 % in saliva cultures (11). Candida in mouth wash- ings of children and adults were 33.5 % and 50 % respectively (15). Sputum examined in hospital personnel and medical students recovered a 55 % incidence of Candida with 50 % identified as C. albicans and the remaining 5 % as other Candida species (2) Previous investiga t- ions did not examine the additional medically important Candida species. C. stellatoidea, C. guillermondii, and C. krusei isolates in the current study displayed significantly different dru drug toleran- ce results when compared to the C. albicans group. The current series produced a 26.2 % overall recovery of Candida. Mycophenolic acid did not inhibit C. stellatoidea and C. guill- ermondii as similarly found in an earlier study with the drug on C. 1982 Hatherill & Volz, Drug tolerance 77 guillermondii, C. krusei, and C. pseudotropicalis (16) However, mycophenolic acid did exhibit a response to C. stellatoidea at concentrations of 3.9 meg/ml. Drugs commonly utilized for candid- iasis therapy are nystatin, 5-fluorocytosine, and amphotericin B. No conclusive species variation was noted with nystatin. Growth inhibition with 5-fluorocytosine was either intense or negligible. Variability is reflected in the 95 % confidence interval as shown in Charts 1 and 2. Tolerance of C. albicans to 5-fluorocytosine was previously examined, and some strains were resistant at concentrations of 1,000 meg /m1 (18). Previous reports have noted successful treat- ment of systemic candidiasis with 5-fluorocytosine (17). However, numerous strains of Candida have demonstrated abilities to acquire resistance to 5-fluorocytosine (13). The current study indicated that isolates C. stellatoidea and C. krusei were completely resistant to the antifungal agent 5-fluorocytosine, while C. albi- cans and C. guillermondii demonstrated growth inhibition. The isolate C. guillermondii displayed complete resistance to the systemic antifungal agent amphotericin B. In contrast, C. albicans exhibited significant growth inhibition towards amphotericin B. Table l. Drug Modes of Action Test Drug Mode of Action Niddamycin Interferes with cell wall Amphotericin B or membrane integrity Erythromycin B Nystatin Mycophenolic Acid Triacetyloleandomycin (TAEM) 5-Fluorocytosine Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Abbott 36042 toxic cyano poison Dimethylchlorotricycline (DMCTC) Experimental Abbott 25579 Abbott 6131 Chlorambucil Chemotherapeutic alkylating agent 78 PHHIY TE tO 780 Crees Vol. 52, New NIDDAMYCIN AMPHOTERICIN B ERYTHROMYCIN B NYSTATIN MILLIMETERS ORAL !SOLATES Chart 1. Growth inhibition of Candida oral isolates with drugs at 1,000 meg/ml affecting cell wall or membrane structures. Figure legend: A C. albicans, t-distribution of 49 isolates B C. krusei, 2 isolates @ C C. guillermondii, 1 isolate O D GC. stellatoidea, 1 isolate O 1982 Hatherill & Volz, Drug tolerance 79 S-FLUOROCYTOSINE ABBOTT-36042 ® 0 ABBOTT-25579 i?) c Ww J Ww = = A = ABBOTT-6131 CHLORAMBUCIL ORAL ISOLATES Chart 2. Growth inhibition of Candida oral isolates with an alkylating agent, experimental, and nucleic acid inhibiting drugs at 1,000 meg/ml. 80 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. 2 References: 1. Baker, R.D. 1971. Human infection with fungi, Actinomycetes, and algae. Springer-Verlag, New York. 2. Baum, G.L. 1960. The significance of Candida albicans in human sputum. New Eng. J. Med. 263:70-73. 3. Berdicevsky, I., Ben-Aryeh, H., Glick, D. & Gutman, D. 1977. A strip test for detecting Candida in the oral cavity. Oral Surg. 41:206-209. 4. Cawson, R.A. 1966. Chronic oral candidiasis and leukoplakia. Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Path. 22:582-591. 5. Chen, T.Y. & Webster, J.H. 1974. Oral monilia study on patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy. Cancer 34:246-9. 6. Jenkins, W.M.M., Thomas, H.C. & Mason, D.K. 1973. Oral infect- ions with Candida albicans. Scottish Med. J. 18:192-200. 7. Lehner, T. 1964. Oral thrush, or acute pseudomembranous candid- jiasis: A clinicopathologic study of 44 cases. Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Path. 18:27-37. 8. Lenette, E.H., Spaulding, E.H. & Truant, J.P. 1974. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Amer. Soc. Micro., Washington, D.C. 9. lLighterman, I. 1951. Oral moniliasis, a complication of aureo- mycin therapy. Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Path. 4:1420-1426. 10. Lilienthal, B. 1955. The pathogenicity of Candida albicans isolated from the mouth. Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Path. 8:1214-1217. 11. Lilienthal, B. 1950. Studies on the flora of the mouth. III. Yeast-like organisms. Some observations on their incidence in the mouth. Australian J. Exp. Biol., Med., and Sci. 28:279-286. 12. Lilienthal, B., Harris, D. & Arnott, A.J. 1956. Moniliasis, a report of 3 cases. Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Path. 9:632-637. 13. Lindquist, J.A., Rabinovich, S. & Smith, I.M. 1973. 5-Fluoro- cytosine in the treatment of experimental candidiasis in immuno- suppressed mice. Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother. 4:58-61. 14, Lodder, J. 1960. The Yeasts, 2nd Ed. North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdan. 15. Marples, M.J. & DiMenna, M.E. 1952. The incidence of Candida albicans in Dunedin, New Zealand. J. Path. and Bact. 64:497-502. 16. Noto, K., Sawada, M., Ando, K. & Koyama, K. 1969. Some biological properties of mycophenolic acid. J. Antibiotics 22:165-169. 17. Record, C.0., Skinner, J.M., Sleight, P. & Speller, D.C.E. 1971. Candida endocarditis treated with 5-fluorocytosine. Brit. Med. J. 1:262-264. 18. Shadomy, S. 1969. In vitro studies with 5-fluorocytosine. Appl. Micro. 17:871-877. 19. Shepherd, M.G. & Sullivan, P.A. 1976. The production and growth characteristics of yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans in continuous culture. J. Gen. Micro. 93:361-370. 20. Young, G., Resca, H.G. & Sullivan, M.T. 1951. The yeasts of the normal mouth and their relation to salivary acidity. J. Dent. Res. 30:426-430. MIMOSA ALBIDA, SENSITIVAE (LEGUMINOSAE) EN MEXICO Rosaura Grether Depto. de Biologia, Divisi6n C.B.S. Universidad Aut6noma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Apdo. Postal 55-535, 09340 México, D.F. Mimosa afbida H.& B. ex Willd. es una especie nota blemente polim6érfica, con una amplia distribuci6én en Amé rica, desde Brasil y Bolivia hasta las regiones tropica- les de México. A pesar de su gran abundancia, son pocos los autores que han estudiado esta especie en forma inte gral; el trabajo m&s reciente es el realizado por Rudd (1968), quien hace una revisi6én de M. albida y reconoce 7 variedades. Considerando que se ha encontrado una variedad nue va en el estado de Oaxaca y tomando en cuenta que de las 7 variedades descritas, 4 se encuentran en México, se juz ga conveniente proporcionar una clave, asf como las carac- terfsticas y distribuci6én de estas variedades. Mimosa akbida queda comprendida en la Seccién Eu- mimosa oOo Mimosa (de acuerdo con la nomenclatura actual), caracterizada por la presencia de estambres en igual nf- mero que los l16bulos de la corola y dentro de esta Secci6n, en la Serie Sensitivae, la cual se distingue por sus ho- jas con un par de pinnas, cada una con dos pares de folio- los relativamente grandes, con el foliolo inferior inter no de cada pinna reducido o ausente y por sus flores dis puestas en cabezuelas. Mimosa albida H.& B. ex Willd. Sp.Pl. 4: 1030. 1806. Arbusto erecto, a veces trepador o rastrero, llegan do en ocasiones a ser un 4rbol pequeno hasta 3 mde alto, armado con aguijones recurvados, rara vez inerme; general- mente sin latex, aunque en algunos casos con latex lecho so en ramas jévenes y hojas; ramas generalmente hispidas y puberulentas, cuando menos las ramas jévenes, rara vez estrigosas o glabras. Pecfolo espinoso a inerme; pinnas um par, foliolos’ 2 pares, el foliolo inferior interno re ducido o ausente, de 2-11 cm de largo, 1-6.5 cmde ancho, oblicuamente elipticos a ovados u obovados, estrigosos y puberulentos en una o en ambas superficies, rara vez gla bros por completo, margen con setas generalmente largas y adpresas, A4pice agudo a mucronulado. Cabezuelas globo- sas a ligeramente subglobosas, 1-2 cm de diadmetro inclu- yendo los estambres, axilares solitarias o en grupos’ de 81 82 PP HSY (TL) OFLVOsGrr A Vol. 525, Now 2 2-4 y dispuestas en racimos o panficulas terminales. Flo- res generalmente hermafroditas, aunque en ocasiones se presentan flores estaminadas en la porci6én inferior de la misma cabezuela, semejantes en forma y tamano a las her- mafroditas; bracteolas de 1/3 a igual longitud que la co rola; caliz campanulado, diminuto, 1/7-1/5 de la longitud de la corola, con margen ciliado o ligeramente paledaceo; corola de 4 16bulos, rara vez 5, pubescentes a_ glabros, de color rosado; estambres en igual nfmero que los 16bu- los de la corola, filamentos lila. Fruto sésil a ligera- mente estipitado, 1.5-3.5 cm de largo y 0.4-1 cm de ancho, dividido en 1-5 (-8) artejos, valvas y margen estrigosos y pubescentes o estrigosos y puberulentos, rara vez s6éla mente estrigosos o s6élamente hispidos. Las variedades de Mimosa albida reconocidas por Rudd (loc. Cite.) Son: M. albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.albida (De México a Perf, Bolivia y Brasil) M. albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.strigosa (Willd.) Rob. (De México a Ecuador y Bolivia) albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.glabnrion Rob. (De México a Panama) albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.euryphylla Rob. (México y Guatemala) albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.aequatonriana Rudd (Ecuador) albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.willdenowit (Poir.) Rudd (Venezuela) = £lE =U albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.enmatica Macbr. (Ecuador y Perf) DISTRIBUCION DE LAS VARIEDADES DE MIMOSA ALBIDA EN MEXICO var. albida var. euryphylla var. glabnrion var. pochuthensis var. strigosa 1982 Grether, Mimosa albida en Mexico 83 CLAVE PARA LAS VARIEDADES DE Mimosa albida QUE SE ENCUEN TRAN EN MEXICO*: 1. Folfolos con el haz glabro a puberulento 2. Ramas y envés de los folfolos glabros o espacia damente estrigosos; fruto espaciadamente estri- goso y puberulento; corola pubescente eqouscahereycne oa var .glabnrionr 2. Ramas hispidas y puberulentas; envés de los fo- lfolos densamente estrigoso y puberulento 3. Fruto estrigoso y pubescente; corola pu - DESCENES ban) wa wees ee var. akbida 3. Fruto glabro a espaciadamente estrigoso ; corola glabra a espaciadamente puberulen- Fe tees | tients fo Sana eee var. euryphylla 1. Folfolos con el haz estrigoso y puberulento 4. Fruto estrigoso y pubescente a estrigoso y pube rulento; corola pubescente; margen del folfolo con setas largas, adpresas en una hilera spolaue Aiecaueus var. 4tnigosa 4. Fruto hispido, sin otro tipo de tricomas; coro- la glabra; margen del folfolo con setas cortas, no adpresas, dispuestas irregularmente Dietarehiy woe ee var. pochutlensis * En esta clave es frecuente el uso de combinacio- nes de dos tipos de pubescencia, ya que son muy caracte- risticas en la distinci6n de las variedades. 84 P eHeY 2 OL ONG SEA Vol. 52, No. 2 Mimosa albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.albida TIPO: PERU: Moche (América Meridional), Humboldt & Bon- pland 3756 (HOLOTIPO: B; fototipo: MEXU!; microfi- cha del Herbario de Willdenow: MEXU!). Mimosa adhaenans H.B.K., Nov.Gen. et Sp.6: 249. 1824. TIPO: VENEZUELA : Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpfand. Mimosa nacemosa Slecht. Linnaea 12: 577. 1838. TEPO: MEXTCO: Oaxaca (an: Rudd, Woe. cree Arbusto erecto, en ocasiones trepador, conramas hfs pidas y puberulentas; folfolos glabros a puberulentos en el haz, densamente estrigosos y puberulentos en el envés; flores con corola pubescente, arregladas en cabezuelas globosas a ligeramente subglobosas, pedfinculo hfispido y puberulento; fruto sésil a ligeramente estipitado, valvas y margen estrigosos y pubescentes. MATERIAL ADICIONAL SELECTO: MEXICO. JALISCO: 2 km N de la carretera Pto. Vallarta-El TuLtto, camino al Caulle, Mpio. Bl) Turto, Nov.2s)eelouonmene AeS= Magallanes 2139 (MEXU; UAM-I); MICHOACAN: 5 km SW de Zitacuaro, Jul’.8, 1977, J.C. Soto 114 ™°(MEXU) GUBRREROn- Campo Morado, Distrito de Mina, Jul.24, 1939, G.B.Htnton et al. 14475 (MEXU); OAXACA: 10 km S de Valle Nacional, Dic. 20, 1979, R. Grether 1470 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); 23 km SE de Tuxtepec, Dic.21, 1979, R. Grether 1413 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); 18 km S de Suchixtepec, carretera Pochutla Oaxaca, Abr.24, 1976, M. Sousa et ak. 5613 (MEXU); 3 km SW de Llanos de Amusgos, al NW de San Pedro Amusgos, Dis trito de Putla, Dic.6, 1978, M. Sousa et ak.9905 (MEXU) ; CHIAPAS: 34 km NE de Chiapa de Corzo, Dic.9, 1978, R.Gxre then 1164 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); 13 km E-NE de Oxchuc camino de San Cristobal de las Casas a Ococingo, Dic.15, 1979, R. Gaether 1381 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); 3 km N de Jiquipilas, Mpio. Cintalapa, Ene.5, 1982, R. Grether 1618, H. Quenro y L. Lehtonen (MEXU; UAM-I); SAN LUIS PO- TOSI: 3 mi N de Tamazunchale, Ene.9, 1972, P. Gallian y M. Leake 1046 (MEXU); VERACRUZ: 19 km SE de Jalapa, Ago. 22, 1975, R. Grethenrn 388 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); CAMPE CHE: 5 km S de Lerma, carretera de Champot6n a Campeche, Dic.27, 1976, R. Graether 515 y H. Quenro (MEXU; UAM-TI) ; PUEBLA: 4 km NE de Huachinango, Nov.5, 1978, P. Basurto y G. Durgn 79 (MEXU; UAM-I); Cuauhtapanaloyan, Cuetzalan, Nov.21, 1980, F. Basunrto y R. Patndn 236 (MEXU; UAM-I); Cerro Colorado, Atzalan, Feb.28, 1976, M.G. Zola 192 (ME XU); ESTADO DE MEXICO: Malpafs, San Nicolas, Valle de Bra vo, Oct.11, 1953, E. Matuda et ak. 29430 (MEXU); DISTRI- TO FEDERAL: Cerro Xochitepec, cerca de Xochitepec, Dele- gacién Xochimilco, Oct.16, 1966, J. Rzedowski 23293 (ME XU); MORELOS: Cuernavaca, Jul.26, 1981, 0.R. Dorado 18 1982 Grether, Mimosa albida en Mexico 85 (MEXU) . DISTRIBUCION EN MEXICO: De Jalisco a Chiapas, en la ver- tiente del Pacifico; San Luis Potosf, Puebla, Distrito Re deral, Estado de México y Morelos, en el centro del pais; Veracruz y Campeche, en la vertiente del Golfo de México. Mimosa albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.euryphylLa Rob., PEOc rane: . Acad. 33: 311. 1/898. TIPO: MEXICO. Chiapas: Valle de Jiquipilas, E. W. Nefson fa 7 “(HOLOTLIPOs US! > -mi) Ss Gee rinOcotito,| 56.3 mi Side Chilpancingo, Nov.l6,, 1978 , L. Rico y V.A. Funk 231 (MEXU); OAXACA: 7 km NW de Pino- tepa Nacional, Dic.25, 1974, L.W. Boege 3326 (MEXU); 21 km NW de Pinotepa Nacional, Abr.17, 1976, M. Sousa et al. 5500 (MEXU); 1 km NE de San Pedro Amusgos, Distrito de Pu miayebebD.4, 1977, M. Sousa ef ak. 7053 ((MEXU))- DISTRIBUCION EN MEXICO: De Sinaloa a Oaxaca, en la _ ver- tiente del Pacifico. Robinson menciona en la descripci6n original de es ta variedad, que la corola es glabra, sin embargo, la re visién del material tipo de la misma, los tipos de Mimo- Sa manzanikloana y M. Sedsquijugata y material adicional colectado en México, nos permite afirmar que la corola pre senta pubescencia en forma constante en eSta variedad. Mimosa akbida H.& B. ex Willd., var.stnrigosa (Willd.) Rob. Proc aamer. Acad. 33: 311. 1898. Mimosa strigosa Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1030. 1806. TIPO: AMERICA MERIDIONAL, Humboldt & Bonpfand (HO- LOTIPO: B; microficha del Herbario de Willdenow MEX) Mimosa wiklsamsidi Standl., Contr. U.S.Nat. Herb. 18: 105. 1916, non Rusby, 1912. TIPO: PANAMA. Penonome y vecindades, Feb.-Mar. 1908, PesneWelt.ams 1,01 (US!) . Mimosa Standleyi Macbr., Contr.Gray Herb. 59: 12. 1919. nom. nov. basado en M. wikliamsir Standl. Arbusto erecto, en ocasiones trepador, con ramas den samente hispidas y puberulentas, con l1&tex lechoso por lo menos en ramas jévenes; folfolos densamente estrigosos y puberulentos en ambas superficies; flores con corola pu- bescente, en cabezuelas globosas a ligeramente subglobo- sas, pedfinculo hfspido a estrigoso y puberulento; fruto sésil a ligeramente estipitado, valvas y margen estrigo- sos y pubescentes a estrigosos y puberulentos. MATERIAL ADICIONAL SELECTO: MEXICO. SINALOA: Picacho del Cerro de la Silla, San Igna ei0,,8nes29, 1919, M. Narvdez y A.E. Salazar 733 (US) ; cerca de Colomas, Jul.18, 1897, J.N. Rose 1731 (US); NA- YARIT: La Higuera Blanca, Mpio. de Compostela, Ago. 25, 1978, S. Martinez 1146 (MEXU); E de Tepic, en desviaci6n a La Mojonera, Dic.13, 1968, V.E. Rudd 3010, P.M. Bauer y A.C.Fox (MEXU); JALISCO: 1 km de El Mirador, Jul.16, 1976, A. Delgado 273 (MEXU); 3 km N de El Tuito, Dic.16, 1977, 88 PH Yor Osi7OiGelvA Vol. 52, Nove2 R. Graethern 859 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); COLIMA: 2 km NE de Comala, camino a La Caja, Mpio. Comala, Nov.20, 1979, J.A.S. Magalkanes 2062 (MEXU; UAM-I); MICHOACAN: La Tza- raracua, 6 km S de Uruapan, Dic.19, 1977, R. Graether 879 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); 18 km N de La Huacana, Sept.22, 1978, R. Graether 1119 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); can6én al W de Jiquilpan, carretera a Colima, Sept.23, 1952, R. Mc Vaugh 13221 (MEXU); GUERRERO: 1 km SW de Taxco, Sept.13, 1981, J.C. Soto y R. Torres 3145 (MEXU) ; OAXACA: 10 km NE de Oaxaca, camino a Guelatao, Sept.17, 1977, R. Gaether 708 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); cerca de Tlapancingo, Dic. 7, 1894, E.W. Nelson 2070 (US); 4 km W de El Vado, Dis- trito de Ejutla, Oct.19, 1977, M. Sousa et ak. 8299 (MExU; UAM-I) ; CHIAPAS: cerca del Aeropuerto de San Quintin, Rio Jataté, Mpio. de las Margaritas, Feb.24, 1965, D.E. Breed- Love 9188 (MEXU); 8 km E de Cintalapa, Dic.13, 1978, R.Gre ther 1212 y H. Quenro (MEXU; UAM-I); 17 km N de Amatenan-— go de la Frontera, camino de Motozintla a Comit4&n,Dic.13, 1979, R. Gaether 1377 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I); caf6én del Sumidero, 18 km N de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Dic.8, 1980, R. Gre ther 1496, H. Quero y R.W. Read (MEXU; UAM-I); 3 km N de Jiquipilas, Mpio. Cintalapa, Ene.5, 1982, R.Grether 1617, H. Quenro y L. Lehtonen (MEXU; UAM-I); ESTADO DE MEXICO : Ixtapan, Distrito Temascaltepec, Sept.8, 1932, G.B. Hinton 1642 (MEXU); Tenancingo, Sept. 1886, M. Urbina Asin No. (MEXU) ; MORELOS: 20 km NW de Cuautla, Ago.2, 1950, W. Fos- benry 97 (MEXU); Rodeo, Sept. 1933, Hno. E. Lyonet 874 (MEXU); PUEBLA: 2 km S de Villa Avila Camacho, Mpio. Xi- cotepec de Juarez, Dic.2, 1979, P. Basurto y G.Durdn 446 (MEXU) ; TAMAULIPAS: a 8 mi de Tampico, sobre carretera a Ciudad Mante, Sept.27, 1959, J. Graham y M. C. Johnston 4061A (MEXU); SAN LUIS POTOSI: Hacienda de Tamasopo, Dic. 11-16, 1891, C.G. Pratngle 3970 (MEXU); VERACRUZ: Loma Lar ga, Mpio. Catemaco, Feb.3, 1969, R. CedilLo Trigos 70 (MEXU) ; Tenechapa, Salto de Eyipantla, Ene.23, 1967, M.Sou 5a 2957 (MEXU); TABASCO: km 8.6 de la desviaci6n de Hui- manguillo hacia Francisco Rueda, Mpio. Huimanguillo, Feb. 18, 1980, P.C. Cowan 2770 (MEXU); carretera Cardenas~Hui manguillo-Malpaso, desviaci6én a Estaci6én Ferrocarril Fran cisco Rueda, May.30, 1963, E. Herandndez X. y P. Segaken 264 (MEXU); CAMPECHE: 1/2 km SE de Colonia Coahuila, al SE de Candelaria, Abr.13, 1980, R. Gaethenr 1418 y H. Que no (MEXU; UAM-I); 1 km W de Castamay, km 12 carretera de Campeche a Mérida, Nov.28, 1980, R. Graether 1461 y H.Que ho (MEXU; UAM-I); YUCATAN: Cayal, Feb.13, 1956, 0.G. En- nAiquez 411 (MEXU); 21 km E de Tizimfn, camino a Colonia Yucat4n, Abr.23, 1978, R. Grether 936 y H. Quero (MEXU) ; QUINTANA ROO: 2 km S de Pucté, camino de Ucum a La Uni6n, Dic.29, 1976, R. Grether 540 y H. Quero (MEXU; UAM-I). DISTRIBUCION EN MEXICO: De Sinaloa a Chiapas, en la ver- tiente del Pacffico; Estado de México, Morelos y Puebla, en el centro del pais; de Tamaulipas a Tabasco, en la ver 1982 Grether, Mimosa albida en Mexico 89 Fig. 1. Mimosa albida, var.pochutLensis. a) Rama con ca- bezuelas globosas; b) Rama con frutos; c) Acerca miento de la flor y la bracteola; d) Gineceo. 90 P HY TF, O46.0.C 2A Vol. 52, Now 2 Fig. 2. Mimosa albida, var.pochutlensis. Rama con cabezuelas. Fig. 3. Mimosa albida, var.pochutlensis. Fruto hispido. 1982 Grether, Mimosa albida en Mexico 91 tiente del Golfo de México; Peninsula de Yucat4dn. Existen pocos datos de la presencia de l1&tex lecho so en el género Mimosa, sin embargo, en el caso de M. a& bida, var.strigosa, hemos observado algunas poblaciones — que producen l4tex abundante, cuando menos en ramas jéve nes, hojas e inflorescencias; 6ésto se ha observado en los estados de Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Campeche y Yucat4n. Mimosa albida H.& B. ex Willd., var.pochutfensis R.Grether, var.nov. A ceteris varietatibus legumine tantum hispido et foliolis majoribus margine setiferis brevibus, setis non adpressis et irregulariter dispositis differt. Arbusto o arbol pequefno, 1-3 m de alto, armado con aguijones recurvados a inerme; ramas hispidas, tendiendo a glabras con la edad. Estfipulas 2-5 mm de largo, linea- res, a veces subuladas, puberulentas y setosas; folfolos hasta 11 cm de largo y hasta 6.5 cm de ancho, estrigosos y puberulentos en ambas superficies, margen con setas cor tas, no adpresas, irregularmente dispuestas. Cabezuelas globosas; pedtinculos hfspidos y puberulentos; bracteolas lineares, 1/3-1/2 de la longitud de la corola. Flores her mafroditas y estaminadas en la misma cabezuela; corola ge- neralmente con 4 16bulos, rara vez 5, glabra; estambres 4-5. Fruto hasta 3.5 cm de largo, hasta 1 cm deancho, rec to, 1-5 artejos, dpice mucronado a mucronulado o redondea do, estipite hasta 4 mm de largo, valvas y margen hispi- dos. TIPO: MEXICO. OAXACA: Distrito de Pochutla, 17 km W de Po- chutla, Dic.18, 1978, R.Grether 1264 y H.Quero (HOLOTIPO: MEXU; ISOTIPOS: ENCB; GH; UAM-I; US; XAL). MATERIAL ADICIONAL EXAMINADO: MEXICO. OAXACA: Distrito de Jamiltepec: 11 km SW de Man- cuernas, Ago.20, 1976, M. Sousa et ak. 5880 (ENCB; MEXU; UAM-I); La Estancia, W de Pinotepa Nacional, Ago.20, 1976, M. Sousa et ak. 5886 (MEXU); Distrito de Pochutla: Guatul co (Huatulco), Oct. 1842, Liebmann 4317 (US); alrede dores de Finca "Las Pilas", Feb.8, 1977, M. Sousa et ak. 7147 (MEXU); 18 km W de Pochutla, Jun.25, 1977, M. Sousa et ab. 7611 (MEXU; UAM-I). Mimosa akbida, var.pochutlensis difiere de las otras variedades por el fruto hfspido, sin otro tipo de trico- mas y por los folfolos m&s grandes, cuyo margen tiene se tas cortas, no adpresas e irregularmente dispuestas. Esta nueva variedad y la variedad aequatonriana, no descrita en este trabajo, son las finicas variedades de a2 PHY of (OREO 1G eer: Vol. 52, Nowez Mimosa albida que tienen fruto hispido; sin embargo, la variedad pochutlensis se distingue por el fruto ligera- mente estipitado, hispido pero no pubescente y por la co rola glabra. Mimosa albida, var.pochutkhensis crece en la plani- cie costera de Oaxaca, hasta ahora se ha colectado sola- mente en la regi6én de Pochutla como un arbusto o arboli- to abundante en selva baja caducifolia, al nivel del mar y en encinares a 500 msnm; adem&s se ha encontrado en la regi6n de Pinotepa Nacional, en los bordes de savanas , hasta los 200 m de altitud. REFERENCIAS: BENTHAM, G. Revision of the Suborder Mimoseae. Trans. Linn. Soc. SOs 388-3925 L375. ROBINSON, B.L. Revision of North American and Mexican Spe- cies of Mimosa. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 310, 311. 1898. RUDD, V.E. Mimosa akbida and its varieties. Phytologia 16(5): 435-441. 1968. AGRADECIMIENTOS : La autora desea expresar su agradecimiento al M.en C. Hermilo J. Quero del Jardin Bot&anico, UNAM y al M. en C. Mario Sousa del Depto. de Botd&nica, Instituto de Bio- logia, UNAM por la revisién critica del manuscrito, al Dr. Fernando Chiang del Depto. de Bot&nica, Instituto de Biologfa, UNAM por la revisién de la diagnosis en latin y al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologfa, ya que es te trabajo ha sido financiado en parte por el Convenio CONACYT:BID-UAM-I (Proyecto ICECBID-800914). A NEW FORM OF HELIANTHUS FROM SOUTH FLORIDA Fred W. Oswald HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS f. MOLDENKEANUS Oswald, f. nov. Haec formaa forma typica species differt ad nodos folii inferiores stirpium crassorum incrementa tuberosa aeria fertilia formante; hi tubri aerii purpureoerubri, plerumque nodosi, ad dimidia viventia inferioria caulis principalis evolventes, postquam summa plantae emoriata, marcidata, ad solum delapsa, Tubri hypogaei base caulium fasciculati, rare rhizomata evolventes, nodis magnis acaulatis, pellibus cretaceis, subinde perpallide bruneo-albis basibus, vel vividivirentibus suffusis quum ad vel prope superficies soli evolventes. This form differs from the typical form of the species by forming tuberous, aerial, fertile growths on the lower leaf nodes of the thick stems. These aerial tubers are purple=red, usually nodose, developing in the living lower halves of the principal stems, after the tops of the dead, withered plants have fallen to earth. Hypogaeous tubers clustered at the bases of the stems, rarely developing rhizomes, with large stemless knobs, with skins China white, sometimes tinted very paley brownish-white or bright green when developing on or near the soil.* Tall branching plantswith leafy tops and abundant yellow flowers. Stems purple-red with stiff whitish hairs, the rough leaves green, becoming yellow then brown after seed heads form. The original plant was discovered by the author on November 19, 1980, Utilizing this plant, the aerial tubers were removed from the stalks and planted, to remain dormant in the sandy soil until sprouting in May, 1981 to eventually develop into flowering, tuber-bearing plants. The belowground tubers were also removed and replanted, to also appear at the same time, maturing true to form. *PFor previously described forms see PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 44, No. 6, December 1979, page 419. 93 94 P HEY Lf 0°50) Give Vol. 52, No. 2 The root system containing the below-ground tubers and lower parts of the above-ground stem with the ate tached aerial tubers of this form were collected by the author on November 16, 1981; the flowering tops of this form were collected from marked plants by the author on September 1, 1982, (this later date due to the fact that the aerial tubers form after the flowering tops die), 300 feet south of State Road 78 and 155 feet east of Crescent Lake Drive, North Fort Myers, Lee County, Florida. The logotypes of this form are deposited in the Lundell Herbarium, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, as A. L. & H. N. Moldenke 31740 & 31741. This sunflower is named in honor of Harold Norman Moldenke (1909- ) asa token of appreciation for his many decades of furthering public interest, the author included, through all available media, giving countless hours of his own free time to teach the wonders and beauties of nature, and in their conservation, so vital for the continued preservation of our nation's wonder-~ ful natural resources. KKKKKKKKKKKK NEW SPECIES OF JUSTICIA (ACANTHACEAE) FROM VENEZUELA Dieter C. Wasshausen Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560 Recent efforts to identify specimens of Justicia collected in Venezuela's Morrocoy National Park have resulted in the recognition of the following undescribed taxon. JUSTICIA FALCONENSIS Wassh., sp. nov. Frutex, caulibis subquadrangularibus glabris; foliorum lamina oblongo-elliptica vel ovata, breviter acuminata, basi angustata, subcoriacea, integra vel undulata, supra atrovirens, subtus hebetate viridis, glabra, cystolithis conspicuis; panicu- lae terminales, ramis in spicas compactas terminalibus, peduncu- lis et internodiis panicularum quadrangularibus, glabris vel parce puberulis; bracteae spicas subtendentes subulatae; bracteae flores subtendentes triangulares; calycis segmenta lineari- lanceolata; corolla aliquanto aurantiaca, puberula, labiis sub- aequalibus, labio superiore oblongo-ovato, apice rotundato, emarginato, labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis glabris, antherarum lobis super- positis, lobo inferiore breviter calcarato; ovarium glabrum. Shrub 1.5-3 m high; stems erect or ascending, subquadrangu- lar, the angles rounded, glabrous, the internodes 2-5 cm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to ovate, 5-10 cm long and 2-3.5 cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip obtuse), narrowed at base, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate, dark green above, dull green below, both surfaces glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (4-6 reire) prominent, cystoliths prominent on both surfaces; petioles O.5-1 cm long, glabrous, 2 mm thick; flowers borne in short, dense, axillary and terminal spikes, these borne in pairs or in threes, 1-4 cm long, and 8 mm broad, these forming an open terminal panicle to 6 cm long and 2 cm broad, the lowermost internodes of the panicle 1.5 cm long, the peduncles of the spikes 5 mm long, both the peduncles and the internodes of the panicle quadrangular and glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the nodes of the panicle bearing a pair of small leaves (their blades about 1.5 cm long and 1 cm wide); bracts subtending spikes subulate, 4 mm long, 0.75 mm wide at base, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs ascending, rigid, cystoliths numerous and conspicuous, bracts subtending flowers triangular, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide at base, acute, firm, sparingly hirtellous and ciliate, the hairs rigid, mostly straight; calyx 5 mm long, sparingly hirtellous and ciliate, the segments linear-lanceolate, 3 mm long and 1 mm wide at base, acute, bearing numerous minute ecystoliths conspicuous under a lens; corolla from base to tip of 95 96 PHYTOL OCG LA Vol. 52), Nop the lips, 3-5 cm long, puberulous, orange to orange-red, the tube 2 mm broad at base, expanding at 2 mm above base to 3.5 m, the upper expanded portion cylindric, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 14 mm long, 6 mm wide at base, 1 mm wide at rounded, emarginate tip, the lower lip spreading or recurved, elliptic, 4 mm wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes about 1.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, rounded; stamens exserted, equaling or slightly shorter than the corolla lips, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 3.5 mm long, O.5 mm broad, glabrous, vertically attached to the connective, the lower lobe terminating in a blunt white spur 1 m long, pollen grains 2-porate, bilateral, 38 u long and 24 u wide; pistil slightly shorter than the stamens, the stigma minute, rounded, bilobed, ovary glabrous; capsule clavate, 2.2 em long, 4 mm broad, 4 mm thick, brownish, glabrous; seeds 4, brownish, orbicular, flattened, about 3 mm long and wide, O.5 mm thick, muricate, the projections rounded. Type. J. A. Steyermark & B. J. Manara 110969 (holotype US, isotype VEN), Venezuela, Falcon: Distrito Silva: Cerro Chichiriviche, along CANTV road above La Luisa, between Morrocoy and La Soledad, 20-50 m alt, 6 Sep 1974. Distribution. Growing along densely forested dry slopes and in deciduous forest above line of small limestone bluffs in the state of Falcon, Venezuela, at elevation between 4-50 m. Distrito Silva: along S side of Golfete de Guare, SW of Isla Villalba and Chichiriviche, W of la Cueva de Los Indios, 31 Aug 1974, J. A. Steyermark & B. J. Manara 110502 (US, VEN); S of Punta Faustino, SE of Chichiriviche, 29 Aug 1974, J. A. Steyermark & B. J. Manara 110392 (US, VEN). Justicia falconensis is not nearly allied to the other known species. 1982 Wasshausen, New Species of Justicia Z tH UIKKKE \\ \ Fig. 1. Justicia falconensis Wassh.: A, habit, X 4; B, spike with bracts and calyces, X 3; C, calyx, X 3; D, corolla, X 14; E, corolla expanded, X 13. 97 98 Pen ¥ E01, OG Tod Vol. 52, No. 2 Fig. 2. Pollen grain of Justicia falconensis Wassh., (J. A. Steyermark & B. J. Manara 110392); above, equitorial view, X 2000; below, surface view showing one row of insulae on either side of the aperture, X 3000. DOS ESPECIES NUEVAS DE VIOLA (VIOLACEAE) DE LAS = a ———- *_ MONTANAS DEL VALLE DE MEXICO Graciela Calderén de Rzedowskitt Laboratorio de BotAanica Fanerog&mica Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolégicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional 11340 México, D.F. SUMMARY Viola hemsleyana and Viola beamanii are described and illustrated on the basis of specimens collected in higher parts of mountains surrounding the Valley of Mexico and in neighboring areas of central Mexico. Both species belong in the section Nomimium Ging., group Mexicanae (sensu W. Becker). The first species seems to be related to V. ciliata Benth., while the second is akin to the group formed by V. hookeriana HBK., Ve. nannei Polakowsky, V. chiapasiensis W. Bekr., Ve. seleriana W. Bckr. and V. guatemalensis We DCE. Al comenzar a revisar la familia Violaceae para la preparacién del segundo volumen de la "Flora Fa- nerog&mica del Valle de México", se pudo notar que se presentarfan algunos problemas para resolver, es pecialmente en el género Viola, cosa que sucede afin en la actualidad y a nivel mundial. Las violetas silvestres del Valle de México es- t&n relativamente poco representadas en los herba- rios y en las etiquetas de una gran proporcién de los ejemplares se nota confusién en las determina- ciones, de lo cual puede deducirse que el conoci- miento de este g&énero es defectuoso. +Trabajo parcialmente subvencionado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologfa, en el marco del Proyecto "Flora y Vegetacién del Valle de México". ++Becario de la C.O.F.A.A. del Instituto Politécni- co Nacional. 99 100 P HYD 0 1.50)G fA Vol. 52, No. 2 Parecen coincidir varios aspectos para esta si- tuacién: 1. Las diferencias para la separaci6én de las es pecies son muy sutiles. 2. Las caracterfisticas de flor, fruto y semilla son importantes, pero suelen no ser tan fitiles como lo son en la generalidad de las fanerégamas. 3. La &poca de floracién es corta y precoz en el ano y es frecuente que no se colecten estas plan tas por no encontrarlas en flor en la &poca acostum brada de lluvias. En tal circunstancia, independientemente del examen del material de varios herbarios de México y Estados Unidos, se consideré la necesidad de hacer numerosas sSalidas al campo para observar las dife- rentes especies de Viola en su habitat, mismas que también se mantuvieron en vivo en el laboratorio el tiempo conveniente para seguir las observaciones. . 4 Como resultado de este estudio se llego a las siguientes conclusiones: - Que los rasgos mAs importantes para la separaci6n de especies son: la presencia o ausencia de tallo evidente, de estolones y rizomas, caracterfsticas de las estipulas y de las hojas, color de la flor y forma del Apice del estilo. - Que con base en las observaciones de campo, revi- sién de ejemplares de herbario y de bibliografia, qued6 definida la presencia en el Valle de México de las siguientes especies: Viola ciliata Schl., V. hookeriana HBK., V. humilis HBK., V. painteri Rose & House y Ve. umbraticola HBK. - Que ademAs de las anteriores existe un par de es- pecies propias de zonas altitudinales superiores a 3000 m, aparentemente nuevas para la ciencia y cuya descripcién es el objeto del presente articu lo; 1982 Calderén de Rzedowski, Dos especies nuevas 101 Viola hemsleyana Calderén sp. n. Herba perennis, glabra vel fere glabra, acaulis, usque ad 15 cm alta, stolonibus rhizomatibusque horizontalibus deficientibus; stipulae anguste lanceolatae, 6-18 mm longae, liberae vel ad petiolum minime basi affixae, laminae ovatae vel oblongae, usque ad 5 cm longae et 4 cm latae, sed plerumque minores, basi truncatae vel aliquot cordatae; pedunculi uniflori; sepala subaequalia, plerumque 5 mm longa; petala atroviolacea, rarissime alba venis violaceis, ca. 1 cm longa; antherae ca. 3 mm longae apendice apicali incluso; stylus basi sigmoideus, versus apicem incrassatus, apicis extremum truncatum, aliquot excavatum, subterminaliter rostellatum; fructus ca. 7 mm longus, cae 5 mm latus; semina nigra, nitida, verruculosa, carunculata. Planta herbAcea perenne, glabra o casi glabra, acaule, sin estolones, hasta de unos 15 cm de alto; rizoma engrosado (en ocasiones corto, otras veces has ta de unos 7 cm de largo por 7 mm de grueso), del cual salen numerosas raices fibrosas; estfpulas estre chamente lanceoladas, de (6) & a 12 (18) mm de largo, libres o unidas al peciolo muy en su base, con el bor de laciniado; peciolo de 1 a 4 ( a veces hasta 9) cm de largo, céncavo y densamente pubescente del lado del haz, glabro y convexo del lado del envés; 1A4minas algo carnosas, ovadas a oblongas (arrifonadas u orbi- culares en hojas tiernas), de (0.7) 1.5 a 3 (5) cm de largo por (0.7) 1 a 2.5 (4) cm de ancho, Apice re- dondeado a obtuso, borde crenado o dentado, con fre- cuencia ciliado, a veces con tendencia a ser entero hacia el Apice y mAs evidentemente dentado hacia la base, &sta por lo general truncada, a veces hasta pro fundamente cordada, venacién evidente en ambas caras, glabras o casi glabras; pedfinculos unifloros de (2) 3 a 5 (6) cm de largo, glabros o poco pubescentes, bi- bracteados a la mitad de su largo o algo mAs abajo, brActeas opuestas, subopuestas, o a veces alternas, lanceoladas, de 3 a 6 (10) mm de largo, enteras o la- ciniadas, sobre todo cerca de su base; s€épalos subigua les, de alrededor de 5 mm (raras veces hasta 8 mm) de largo, lanceolados a oblongos, algo espolonados en la base, estrechamente escariosos en el borde, con 3 ner vaduras longitudinales evidentes; pétalos morados, blan quecinos en la base, con venas de color morado Hoe obs curo,(en muy raras ocasiones son blanquecinos con ve- nas poe adas) todos glabros o a veces los laterales - 102 PsHYe2 60 (LgO "Gi eA: Vol. 52, No. 2 Viola hemsleyana Calder6én. A. Aspecto general de la planta; B. Flor vista de perfil, desprovista de dos de sus pétalos; C. Estambre; D. Pistilo; E. Fruto; F. Semilla. 1982 Calderdn de Rzedowski, Dos especies nuevas con escasos pelos blancos acintados en su lado in- terno, cerca de la base, el pétalo inferior obova- do, de 11 a 13 mm de largo por 6 a & mm en su par- te mAs ancha, espolonado en la base, emarginado en el Apice, los laterales obovados, de 10 a 12 mm de largo por 5 a 6 mm en su parte mAs ancha, enteros en el Apice, los superiores semejantes a los late- rales, pero a veces algo mAs anchos y con el Apice emarginado; anteras subsésiles, de unos 3 mm de lar go, incluyendo el apéndice apical del conectivo que mide aproximadamente 1.5 mm de largo, las 2 anteras inferiores con apéndice dorsal, basal, carnoso, de color verdoso, m&s o menos cuadrado de 1 mm por la- do; ovario en forma de botella prolongAndose en un estilo sigmoideo en la base y que se va ensanchando hacia la punta, cuyo extremo es truncado, un poco excavado y con un pico subterminal; flores cleist8- gamas escasas, inconspicuas; fruto trfigono-elipsoi- de, de 7 a 9 mm de largo por 5 a 7 mm de ancho; se- millas ovoides, + 15 por fruto, de unos 2 mm de lar go por alrededor de 1 mm de ancho, negras, brillan- tes, verruculosas, con carfncula evidente, blanque- cinae Tipo: MEXICO: ESTADO DE MEXICO: Villa Alpina, municipio de Naucalpan; en bosque de Pinus hartwe- ii y claros adyacentes; alt. 3100 m., 1-VII-1979, JsRzedowski 36144 (ENCB). Otros ejemplares revisados: MEXICO: MICHOACAN: Summit of Cerro San Andres, ca. 12 kms. (straight line distance) north of Ciudad Hidalgo; in open Pi- nus hartwegii forest; alt. 3589 m., 6-IxX-1960, J. H. Beaman 4275 (MSC). ESTADO DE MEXICO: Ojos de Agua, Nevado de Tolu- ca; woods and open turf slopes; alt. 12000 ft., 12- VII-1938, E. K. Balls 5021 (MSC). Cerca del Puerto del Oso, municipio de Jiquipilco, al W de Santiago Tlazala; claros en medio del pinar; alt. 3500 m., 3-VI-1979, J. Rzedowski 36114 (ENCB). Palomas, muni cipio de Iturbide (Santiago Tlazala); pradera en me dio del bosque de Pinus hartwegit; alt. 3400 m., 103 18-VII-1968, J. Rzedowski 2590 ENCB). Ibid., 18-VII 1968, J. Rzedowski 25914 bis (ENCB). Ibid., 8-VI- 1980, J. Rzedowski 36668 (ENCB). Alrededores de la Presa Iturbide, 6 km al WNW de Santiago Tlazala; bosque de Pinus hartwegii; alt. 3350 m., 7-VIII-1977, 104 PoHeYets 0; L770 GAA Vol. 52, No. 2 J. Rzedowski 35113 (ENCB). Villa Alpina, municipio de Naucalpan; orilla de arroyo; alt. 3100 m., 2-VII- 1978, J. Rzedowski 35681 bis (ENCB). Ibid., alt. 3150 m., 28-VIII-1979, J. Rzedowski 36320 (ENCB). Ibid., bosque de Pinus hartwegii y claros adyacentes; alt. 3100 m., 14-VI-1981, J. Rzedowski 37310 (ENCB). Municipio de Ixtapaluca, Estacién Experimental de In vestigacién vy Ensefanza de Zoquiapan, 8 km al S de Rio Frio; bosque de Pinus hartwegii con abundancia de Penstemon gentianoides; alt. 3340 m., 6-VI-1975, S.D. Koch (y JeL. Magana) 75156 (ENCB). Cerro Papa- yo, 6 km al S de Llano Grande, municipio de Ixtapa- luca; bosque de Pinus hartwegii; alt. 3450 m., 5-VIII 1980, J. Rzedowski 36755 (ENCB). Llano Pinahua, 10 km al S del Llano Grande, municipio de Ixtapaluca; - claro en medio del bosque de Pinus hartwegii; alt. 3250 me, 12--VIII-1980, J. Rzedowski 36799 a. Llano Tepochaico, unos 10 km al SW de Rio Frfo, municipio de Ixtapaluca; claro en medio de pinares; alt. 3250 me, 7-VI-1981, J. Rzedowski 37301 (ENCB) (con flores blanco-moradas). Ibid., J. Rzedowski 37302 (ENCB). Iztaccihuatl, northwest side of mtn., above San Ra- fael; in grassy meadow at lower edge of timber line; alt. 3920 m., 15~VII=-1959, J. H. Beaman 2625 (Mse7. Iztaccihuatl, south side of mtne; in black loam in grassy alpine meadow; alt. 3950 a 4000 me, 30-VII- 1958, J. H. Beaman 1958 (?) (MSC). Joya de Alcalican, extremo SSW del Ixtaccfihuatl, municipio de Amecameca; fondo de la depresién; alt. 3750 m., 29-VI-1980, J. Rzedowski 36691 (ENCB). 1 km al N de la Estacién Re- transmisora de Televisién, cerca de Paso de Cortés; zacatonal alpino de Calamagrostis, Festuca y Muhlen- bergia; alt. 3900 m., 10-1X-1966, R. Cruz 1176 (ENCB). Paso de Cortes; in grassy subalpine meadow in black sandy loam soil; alt. 3680 m., 17-IX=-1958, Je He. Beaman 2591 (MSC). Parte baja del Cerro Xalte- pec, cerca de Paso de Cortés, municipio de Amecameca; zacatonal de Muhlenbergia quadridentata; alt. 3700 me, S=X-1966,R. Cruz sen. (ENCB). Paso de Cortés, - entre el Popocatépetl y el Ixtaccfhuatl, municipio de Amecameca; bosque de Pinus hartwegii y pradera - adyacente; alt. 3650 m., 31-VIII-1979, J. Rzedowski 36329 ENCB). Ibid., 29-V-1980, J. Rzedowski 36661 (ENCB). 1982 Calderon de Rzedowski, Dos especies nuevas 105 En el Valle de México las 2 especies mAs comunes de Viola son V. humilis y V. ciliata que habitan de preferencia en claros en medio de bosques de encinos y de coniferas, en altitudes entre 2500 y 3500 m. Ambas especies tienen flores blancas con venas mora-~- das y se reproducen vegetativamente. Viola hemsleya- ma, en cambio, se distribuye entre 3150 y 4000 m de altitud, en medio del bosque de Pinus hartwegii y en praderas subalpinas y alpinas, destacando por sus flores moradas y ausencia de estolones y rizomas. El nombre de la especie est& dedicado a William Botting Hemsley (1843-1924), eminente estudioso de las plantas de México y Centro América, en ocasi6n del centenario de la publicaci6én de la "Biologia Cen trali Americana", cuya parte botAnica estuvo a cargo de dicho autor. Esta obra ha sido, y sigue siendo, la base en muchos aspectos del conocimiento de la flora mexicana. Viola beamanii Calder6n sp. n. Herba perennis, glabra vel fere glabra, acaulis, plerumque minus quam 4 cm alta, gregaria, rhizomata horizontalia ferens; stipulae liberae, lanceolatae, usque ad 7 mm longae, fimbriatae, interdum partitae, laminae orbiculares, reniformes vel cordiformes, plerumque latiores quam longiores, 1-1.5 cm longae, 1.2-2 cm latae, margine leviter et sparse crenatae, basi profunde cordatae; pedunculi uniflori; sepala subaequalia, ca. 4 mm longa; petala atroviolacea, cae 1 cm longa; antherae 3-3.5 mm longae apendice apicali incluso; stylus sigmoideus, versus apicem incrassatus, apex truncatus, in 3 foraminibus excavatus, rostello parvo; fructus ca. 6 mm longus, ca. + mm latus; semina matura atrobrunnea, caruncula parva, albida. Planta glabra o casi glabra, a menudo casi ras- trera, hasta de 4 cm (muy rara vez mAs) de alto, - creciendo por lo general en colonias densas; rizoma grueso, hasta de unos 5 mm de diAmetro, vertical, - con raices fibrosas, rizomas horizontales delgados frecuentes; estfipulas libres, lanceoladas, de 5 a 7 mm de largo por 1 a 2 mm de ancho, fimbriadas a pro- fundamente divididas sobre todo en el Apice; peciolos 106 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. 2 Viola beamanii Calderén. A. Aspecto general de la planta; B. Flor vista de perfil, des- provista de dos de sus pétalos; C. Estambre; D. Pistilo; E. Fruto; F. Semilla. — SS 1982 Calderon de Rzedowski, Dos especies nuevas de (0.8) 1 a 2 (3) cm de largo, a veces algo pubes centes por el lado del haz de la l&mina, @stas or biculares, reniformes o cordiformes, por lo gene- ral mAs anchas que largas, de 1 a 1.5 cm de largo por 1.2 a 2 cm de ancho, &pice por lo general re- dondeado, a veces ligeramente obtuso, borde leve y ampliamente crenado, base profundamente cordada, con los 1$bulos de unos 4 mm (en una hoja de 18 mm de ancho); pedfinculo unifloro, de 1 a 4 cm de lar- go, bibracteado m&s o menos a la mitad de su largo, brActeas opuestas o subopuestas, lanceoladas, de unos 4 mm de largo; s&palos subiguales, anchamente lanceolados, de unos 4 mm de largo por 2.5 mm de an cho, con los bordes angostamente esScariosos, algo espolonados en la base; pétalos de color morado obs curo, venosos, el inferior espolonado, de (8) 10a 12 mm de largo, por 5.5 a 6 mm de ancho en el Apice que es emarginado, los superiores parecidos al infe rior pero sin espol6n, los laterales obovados, de unos 10 mm de largo por 4.5 mm de ancho, con el Api ce entero o emarginado; anteras de 3 a 3.5 mm de longitud, incluyendo al ap&éndice apical que ocupa aproximadamente la mitad del largo total, las 2 an- teras inferiores con apéndice dorsal algo trapezoi- dal, de 1 mm de largo por 1 mm de ancho, carnoso, verdoso; ovario en forma de botella, estilo sigmoi- deo, ensanch&ndose hacia el Apice que es truncado y excavado en 3 oquedades y con un pico pequeno; flo- res cleist6gamas escasas, inconspicuas; fruto trfigo no-elipsoide, de 5 a 6 mm de largo por 3.5 a 4 mm de ancho; semillas entre 10 y 16 por fruto (en los ejemplares disponibles), ovoides, brillantes, de co lor crema en la juventud, a café obscuro en la madu rez, de unos 2 mm de largo por 1 mm de ancho, carfin cula pequena, blanquecina. Tipo: MEXICO: ESTADO DE MEXICO: Extremo SSW del Ixtaccfihuatl, parte alta de la Joya de Alcalican, municipio de Amecameca; pradera alpina; alt. 3900 me, 29-V-1980, J. Rzedowski 36662 (ENCB). Otros ejemplares revisados: MEXICO: ESTADO DE MEXICO: Nevado de Toluca, north side of mtn., 2.0 mie east of point where road goes above timberline; in black loam soil, hidden under clumps of grass in grassy, steep, narrow ravine; alt. ca. 4020 m., 28-VII-1958, J. H. Beaman 1935 (MSC, UC). Telapon 107 108 PH Y_5.0.L40 CofA Vol. 52, No. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Llano de la Cieneguilla, cerca del Cerro de la Palma, Sierra de las Cruces; orilla de arroyo; alt. 3500 m., 9-VII-1967, J. Rzedowski 23860 (ENCB). Desierto de los Leones, cercanfias del paraje Tres Caminos, delegacién de Cuajimalpa; bosque de Bi nus hartwegii; alt. 3300 m., 5-IX-1979, J. Rzedowski 36350 (NCB). Alrededores del Llano de la Cienegui- lla, arriba del Desierto de los Leones; bosque de Pinus hartwegii; alt. 3400 m., 5-IX- 1979, J. Rze- dowski 30371 (ENCB). Por el material revisado puede verse que esta eS pecre exa ste ven MichoacAan, Estado de México y el Dis trito Federal y que habita en la parte sur del Valle de México en altitudes entre 3100 y 3900 m., en pina res y claros adyacentes, en pastizales subalpinos, a veces cerca de 10s arroyos. Viola hemsleyana pertenece a la secci6én Nomimium Ging., grupo Mexicanae (sensu W. Becker) y es con Ve. ciliata Schl. (que segfin nuestro parecer incluye aie grahami Benth.e, V. reptans Rob. y V. schaffne- riana W. Bckr.) la especie con la que parece estar mas relacionada. A continuacién se presenta un cua- dro comparativo de algunas caracterfisticas de ambas especies. color de estolones estipulas los p&talos blanco con ve] presentes, nas moradas por lo me- nos tempo- ralmente V. nemsleyana]} morado, muy ausentes rara vez blan quecing 2 1982 Calderon de Rzedowski, Dos especies nuevas 109 (north of Iztaccihuatl); north side of mtne; in area protected by large boulders, in black loam SoadlsWal ts 3950 to 4000 m., 4-IxX-1958, J. He. Beaman 2424 (NSC, MEXU). Iztaccihuatl, northwest side of mtn. above San Rafael; in grassy area on edge of road bank in Pinus hartwegii HORmeSit rales Cale si77.O me, 15-VII- 1959, J. H. Beaman 28h} (MSC). Vertiente SW del Ix- taccihuatl, 4 km al N de la Estaci6n Retransmisora; ladera andesitica con vegetacién de pradera de Cala- magrostis y Festuca; alt. 3800 m., 15-VII-1965, - J. Rzedowski 20135 (ENCB). Joya de Alcalican, extre- mo SSW del Ixtaccfihuatl; pradera alpina; alt. 3900 me, 31-VIII-1979, J. Rzedowski 36338(ENCB). Joya de Alcalican, extremo SSW del Ixtaccfhuatl, municipio de Amecameca; fondo de la depresién; Bubies S/O fis5 29-VI-1980, J. Rzedowski 36690 (ENCB). PUEBLA: Iztaccihuatl, south side of Meet) ET boulder crevices in Alea meadow; alt. 3960 m., 1-VIII-1958, J. H. Beaman 1998 (MSC). Iztaccihuatl, south side of mtn., ca. 6 kms. north of Paso de Cor- tes; in grassy meadow; alt. 3900 m., 18-VII-1959; J. H. Beaman 2872 (MSC). Se trata de una planta escasa, pero localmente abundante (por lo menos en cuanto a las poblaciones de la Joya de Alcalican y sus alrededores), inconspi cua durante la mayor parte del ano, pues su estado en floracién es muy corto. Pertenece a la Seccién Nomimium Ging., grupo Me- xicanae (sensu W. Becker). Por sus hojas orbiculares o suborbiculares y flores de color morado, parece es tar emparentada con V. hookeriana HBK., V. nannei Polakowski, V. chiapasiensis W. Bckr., V. seleriana W. Bekr. y V. guatemalensis W. Bckr. Se diferencia de todas estas especies por la siguiente combinaci6n de caracteres: falta de estolones pero presencia de rizomas horizontales subterrAneos mediante los cua- les suele formar colonias compactas; hojas suborbicu lares, o reniformes a cordiformes, de 1 a 1.5 cm de largo por 1.2 a 2 cm de ancho, redondeadas a algo ob tusas en el Apice, borde leve y ampliamente crenado, peciolos pubescentes y lAminas casi glabras. La especie estA dedicada al Dr. John H. Beaman, profesor de Michigan State University, quien durante varios anos ha estado colectando e investigando so- bre la flora de las altas montanas de México y Cen- tro América. A SIXTH SUMMARY OF THE VERBENACEAE, AVICENNIACEAE, STILBACEAE, CHLOANTHACEAE, SYMPHOREMACEAE, NYCTANTHACEAE, AND ERIOCAULACEAE OF THE WORLD AS TO VALID TAXA, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND SYNONYMY. SUPPLEMENT 2 Harold N. Moldenke The original of this work (629 pp.) was published by me as PHYTOLOGIA MEMOIRS 2 in 1980 and was based, in part, on the exam- ination of 246,814 herbarium specimens of these groups preserved in 320 private and institutional herbaria. A first supplement was issued on February 24, 1982, in PHYTOLOGIA 50: 233--270, based, in part, on 7,310 additional specimens examined. Since then no less than 5,692 new specimens have been turned over to me or have been sent to me by botanical collectors and by museum curators in many parts of the world, representing 5 additional herbaria. These have brought to light so many new geographic records and even new taxa, and concomitant literature study by my wife, Alma L. Moldenke, and myself has shown the necessity for so many changes in nomenclature and/or specific delimitations that it seems appropriate to publish this second supplement at this time. For substantiating data please consult my various papers on individual genera in this (and some other) journals. I. Geographic distribution additions and emendations: CANADA: Ontario: Eriocaulon pellucidum f. pumilum (Raf.) Mold. [Cochrane Dis- trict] Verbena hastata L. [Russell County; Parry Sound District; E.9 island] Verbena hastata f£. caerulea Mold. [Norfolk County] Verbena hastata var. scabra Mold. [Algoma District] Verbena urticifolia L. [Lincoln County] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Norfolk County] New Brunswick: Eriocaulon pellucidum f. pumilum (Raf.) Mold. [Westmoreland County] UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: New York: Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Robinson [Dutchess County] Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Cortland, Dutchess, Jefferson, & Rockland Counties] Verbena Xblanchardi Mold. [Tompkins County] Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Richmond County] Verbena Xengelmannii Mold. [Delaware, Madison, & Washington Counties] Verbena hastata L. [Cayuga County; Chimney Island] Verbena hastata f. caerulea Mold. [Washington County] 110 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement ET: Verbena hastata £. rosea Cheney [Chemung County] Verbena Xmoechina Mold. [Washington County] Verbena simplex Lehm. [Cayuga County] Verbena simplex f. eggerti (Mold.) Mold. [Bronx, Tompkins, & Washington Counties] Verbena stricta Vent. [Cayuga, Onondaga, & Seneca Counties] Verbena urticifolia L. [Cayuga & Otsego Counties] New Jersey: Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Robinson [Gloucester & Salem Counties] Maryland: Verbena Xengelmannii Mold. [Baltimore County) Virginia: Verbena hastata L. [Bland County] Verbena simplex Lehm. [Frederick County] Verbena simplex f. eggerti (Mold.) Mold. Verbena urticifolia L. [Princess Anne County] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Botetourt County] North Carolina: Eriocaulon decangulare L. [Hyde County] Stylodon carneus (Medic.) Mold. [Columbus & Craven Counties] South Carolina: Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Mold. [Bamberg & Horry Counties] Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong [Albemarle County] Georgia: Callicarpa americana L. [Early & Elbert Counties] Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze [Mitchell County] Eriocaulon decangulare L. [Calhoun & Lee Counties; Chesser Island] Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Mold. [Ben Hill, Charlton, Randolph, Tift, & Worth Counties] Eriocaulon lineare f. gigas (Mold.) Mold. [Decatur County] Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong [Baker, Early, & Lanier Counties] Lachnocaulon anceps f. glabrescens Mold. [Brooks County] Lachnocaulon minus (Chapm.) Small [Baker & Early Counties] Lantana camara f. mista (L.) Mold. [Baker & McDuffie Counties] Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. [Baker & Decatur Coun- ties] Stylodon carneus (Medic.) Mold. [Calhoun, Charlton, McIntosh, & Miller Counties] Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. [Cook & Tifts Counties; Billy's, Chesser, & Floyd's Islands] Verbena bonariensis L. [Decatur, Dougherty, & Thomas Counties] Verbena brasiliensis Vell. [Seminole County; Hutchinson's Is- land] Verbena halei Small [Miller County] Verbena rigida Spreng. [Seminole County] Verbena scabra Vahl [Glynn County; Jekyll Island] Verbena tenuisecta Briq. [Lee, Mitchell, & Seminole Counties] 112 PeHe Yat? OVLTOr Galera Vol. 525, Nowe Verbena urticifolia L. [Seminole County] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Decatur & Randolph Counties] Florida: Callicarpa americana L. [Sarasota County] Eriocaulon compressum Lam. [Charlotte, Citrus, & Indian River Counties] Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Mold. [Lee County] Eriocaulon lineare Small [Leon County] Eriocaulon lineare f. gigas (Mold.) Mold. -- delete the aster- isk Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong [Baker & Sarasota Counties] Lachnocaulon glabrum KUrn. [Brevard, DeSoto, & Sarasota Coun- ties] Lachnocaulon minus (Chapm.) Small [Suwannee County] Lantana camara L. [Levy County; Cedar Key] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Mold. [Osceola County] Lantana camara f. splendens (Medic.) Mold. [Sarasota County] Lantana involucrata L. [Bahia Honda, Marco, Plantation, Sara- sota, Sneeds, Sugarloaf, & Treasure Keys] Lantana involucrata var. odorata (L.) Mold. [Collier & Hills- borough Counties; Longboat Key] Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. [Sarasota County; Siesta Key] Lantana ovatifolia Britton [Anclote Key] Lantana ovatifolia £. parvifolia Mold. [Dade County]* Lantana urticoides Hayek [Collier & Manatee Counties] Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Littte Torch Key] Stylodon carneus (Medic.) Mold. [Dixie & Sumter Counties] Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. [Indian River County] Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton [Indian River County] Verbena maritima Small [Okeechobee County] Verbena scabra Vahl [Sarasota County] Verbena tampensis Nash [Flagler & Martin Counties] Verbena urticifolia L. [Gadsden County] Alabama: Eriocaulon decangulare f. latifolium (Chapm.) Mold. [Houston County] Eriocaulon decangulare f, parviceps Mold. [Baldwin & Washing- ton Counties] Eriocaulon lineare f. gigas (Mold.) Mold. [Covington County] Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong [Coffee & Covington Coun- ties] Stylodon carneus (Medic.) Mold. [Autauga & Henry Counties] Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. [Washington County] Verbena bonariensis L. [Montgomery County] Verbena simplex Lehm. [Colbert County] Mississippi: Verbena simplex f. eggerti (Mold.) Mold. [Oktibbeha County] Ohio: Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Pickaway County] Verbena hastata L. [Pickaway County] ’ 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement ants Verbena simplex Lehm. [Pickaway County] Illinois: Verbena Xperriana Mold. [LaSalle County] Indiana: Verbena Xperriana Mold. [Floyd County] Iowa: Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Harrison County] Verbena urticifolia L. [Dickinson County] Kentucky: Verbena Xmoechina Mold. [Shelby County] Verbena simplex f£. eggerti (Mold.) Mold. [Trimble County] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Madison County] Tennessee: Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton [Williamson County] Michigan: Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Berrien County] Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Alger, Antrin, Kent, School- craft, & Washtenaw Counties] Verbena Xdeamii Mold. [Ottawa County] Verbena hastata L. [Delta, Iron, Kalkaska, Muskegon, Oscoda, & Sanilac Counties; High Island] Verbena hastata f. caerulea Mold. [Montcalm County] Verbena simplex Lehm. [Chippewa County; Drummond Island] Verbena simplex f. eggerti (Mold.) Mold. [Chippewa County; High Island] Verbena stricta Vent. [Berrien, Van Buren, & Wexford Counties] Verbena urticifolia L. [Branch & Jackson Counties] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Alger County] Wisconsin: Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Door County] Minnesota: Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Saint Clair County] Verbena hastata L. [Lincoln County] South Dakota: Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. [Jones County] Verbena stricta Vent. [Butte & Jones Counties] Kansas: Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. [Hidalgo County] Missouri: Verbena Xblanchardi Mold. [Lincoln County] Verbena Xperriana Mold. [Greene County] Arkansas: Callicarpa americana L. [White County] Verbena bonariensis L. [Cleveland County] Verbena Xrydbergii Mold. [Stone County] Louisiana: Lachnocaulon anceps f. glabrescens Mold. [Beauregard Parish] Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Mold. [St. Mary Parish] Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton [Calcasieu & West Baton Rouge Parishes ] 114 PHY TO L O.G, fA Vol. 52, No. 2 Verbena delticola Small [Ascension Parish] Verbena polyantha (Umber) Mold. [Cameron Parish] Montana: Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Big Horn & Hill Counties] Wyoming: Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene [Goshen County] Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Rosebud & Sweetbrier Counties] Verbena hastata L. [Sheridan County] Utah: Verbena hastata L. [Tooele County] Nevada: Verbena canescens H.B.K. -- to be deleted Verbena stricta Vent. [Elko County] Colorado: Caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq. [Boulder County] Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Yuma County] Nebraska: Verbena hastata L. Oklahoma: Verbena ciliata Benth. [Cleveland County] Texas: Aloysia gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso [Starr County] Aloysia macrostachya (Torr.) Mold. [Cameron County] Callicarpa americana L. [Refugio County] Citharexylum brachyanthum (A. Gray) A. Gray [Caldwell County] Lantana macropoda Torr. [Caldwell & Jeff Davis Counties; Green Island] Lantana macropoda f£. parvula Mold. [Brewster, Cameron, & Webb Counties] Lantana urticoides Hayek [Robertson County] Lantana urticoides var. hispidula Mold. [Refugio County] Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. [Montague County] Lippia alba f. intermedia Mold. [Cameron & Hidalgo Counties] Phyla Xihtermedia Mold. [Jefferson County] Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Jasper County] Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Mold. [Bexar, Brazos, Dallas, & Refugio Counties] Verbena ambrosifolia f. eglandulosa Perry [Potter County] Verbena ciliata var. longidentata Perry [Aransas County] Verbena gooddingii Briq. [Hidalgo County] Verbena halei Small [Menard County] Verbena Xperriana Mold. [Wharton County] Verbena pumila Rydb. [Pecos County] Verbena runyoni Mold. [Webb County] Verbena verecunda (Umber) Mold. (Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, & Potter Courities] New Mexico: Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) Heller [Taos County] Lantana macropoda Torr. [Dona Ana County] Lippia graveolens H.B.K. [Dona Ana County] Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene [Curry County] Verbena ambrosifolia Rydb. [Valencia County] 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement TES Verbena wrightii A. Gray [Lea County] Arizona: Lantana urticoides Hayek [Pima County] Verbena ambrosifolia f. eglandulosa Perry [Graham County] Verbena ciliata var. pubera (Greene) Perry [Yuma County] Verbena cloverae Mold. [Pima County] Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Small [Pinal County] California: Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. [Santa Barbara County] Lantana notha Mold. [Santa Barbara County] Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.K.) Mold. [Contra Costa County] Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Mold. [Butte & Contra Costa Counties] Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Mariposa County] Verbena lasiostachys f. albiflora Mold. [Tuolumne County] Verbena lasiostachys f. septentrionalis (Mold.) Mold. [Merced County] MEXICO: Aegiphila deppeana Steud. [Tabasco] Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton [Hidalgo & Michoac4n] Citharexylum glabrum (S. Wats.) Greenm. [México & Oaxaca] Citharexylum jurgenseni Briq. [Chiapas] Citharexylum spathulatum Mold. & Lundell [Querétaro] Lantana achyranthifolia f. grandifolia Mold. [Nayarit] Lantana achyranthifolia f. lilacina Mold. [México] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Mold. [Nayarit] Lantana camara f. mista (L.) Mold. [Tabasco] Lantana camara f. parvifolia Mold. [Quintana Roo] Lantana camara f. splendens (Medic.) Mold. [Sinaloa] Lantana frutilla f. grossidentata Mold. [Puebla]* Lantana frutilla var. longipes Mold. [Morelos] Lantana frutilla var. velutina Mold. [Querétaro] Lantana glandulosissima f. parvifolia Mold. [Jalisco, More- los, Sinaloa, & Yucatdn], delete the asterisk Lantana hispida H.B.K. [Zacatecas] Lantana hispida f. parvifolia Mold. [Jalisco, Nayarit, & Nuevo Leon] Lantana horrida H.B.K. [Chihuahua & Querétaro] Lantana horrida f. inermis Mold. [Tamaulipas & Yucatan]* Lantana macropoda f. parvula Mold. [Jalisco] Lantana trifolia L. [Hidalgo] Lippia alba f. intermedia Mold. [San Luis Potos{ & Tamaulipas] Lippia alba f. scabra Mold. [Colima & Jalisco]* Lippia chiapasensis Loes [Durango, Michoacan, Nayarit, & Sina- loa] Lippia curtisiana Mold. [Durango] Lippia durangensis Mold. [Chihuahua] Lippia graveolens f. loeseneriana Mold. [Chiapas & San Luis Po- tos{]* Lippia graveolens f. macrophylla Mold. [Hidalgo, San Luis Poto- si, & Zatatecas] 116 PY T0406. 7 A Vol. 52, No. 2 Lippia graveolens f. microphylla Mold. [Sinaloa] Lippia substrigosa Turcz. [Oaxaca] Lippia yucatana Loes. [Distrito Federal] Petrea volubilis L. [Morelos] Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.K.) Mold. [Oaxaca] Priva grandiflora (Ort.) Mold. [Querétaro] Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [Puebla] Priva lappulacea £. albiflora Mold. [Tabasco] Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl [Chiapas & Quin- tana Roo] Stachytarpheta incana Mold. [Quintana Roo] Verbena ambrosifolia f£, eglandulosa Perry [Jalisco] Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. [San Luis Potosi] Verbena elegans H.B.K. [Guerrero] Verbena litoralis f. albiflora Mold. [Chiapas] Verbena verecunda (Umber) Mold. [Oaxaca & Tamaulipas] Xolocotzia asperifolia Miranda -- delete the asterisk MEXICAN OCEANIC ISLANDS: Lantana horrida H.B.K. [Maria Madre] GUATEMALA: Citharexylum crassifolium Greenm. [El Quiché] Cornutia latifolia (H.B.K.) Mold. [Quezaltenango] Cornutia lilacina var. velutina Mold. [Chiquimula & San Mar- cos] Lantana camara L. [Solold] Lantana camara f, mista (L.) Mold. [San Marcos] Lantana glandulosissima f£, parvifolia Mold. [Amatitlan] Lantana hirta Grah. [Escuintla & Quezaltenango] Lantana hispida H.B.K. [Alta Verapaz, Escuintla, & Solold] Lantana hispida f, parvifolia Mold. [Escuintla, Guatemala, & Solola] Lantana maxima Hayek [Alta Verapaz & Izabal] Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. [Guatemala] Lippia alba f, intermedia Mold. [Alta Verapaz & Solol4] Lippia cardiostegia Benth. [Amatitlan] Lippia cardiostegia f, skutchii Mold. [El Quiché¢]* Lippia chiapasensis Loes. [Amatitlan] Lippia myriocephala Schlecht. & Cham. [Amatitlan’& Solold] Lippia substrigosa Turcz. [Sacatepéquez] Phyla strigulosa var. sericea (Kuntze) Mold. [El Petén] Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [San Marcos] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis f, atrocoerulea Mold. [El Peteén] Verbena carolina f, hirsuta (Mart. & Gal.) Mold. [Guatemala] BELIZE: Lippia graveolens .B.K. Stachytarpheta belizensis Mold.* HONDURAS: Aegiphila elata Sw. [Colon & Gracias a Dfos] Bouchea prismatica (L.) Kuntze [Yoro] Citharexylum affine D. Don [Choluteca] Citharexylum cooperi Standl. [San Marcos] Cornutia grandifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schau. [El Parafso] 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement 117 Cornutia pyramidata var. isthmica Mold. [Cortés] Duranta repens L. [Morazdn] Duranta repens £. alba (Masters) Matuda [Morazdn] Duranta repens f. integrifolia (Tod.) Mold. [Gracias a Dios & Morazan] Ghinia spicata (Aubl.) Mold. [Gracias a Dfos] Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. [Copan] Lantana camara L. [Colon] Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lopez—Pala- cios [Morazan] Lantana hispida H.B.K. [Santa Barbara] Lantana hispida f. parvifélia Mold. [Morazdn] Lantana trifolia f. hirsuta Mold. [El Parafso & Santa Barbara] Lantana trifolia f. oppositifolia Mold. [Atldntida] Lantana velutina Mart. & Gal. [Lempira] Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. [Colon] Lippia callicarpaefolia H.B.K. [Copdn] Lippia graveolens f£. microphylla Mold. [El Parafso] Lippia myriocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Mold. [Ocotepéquez] Phyla betulaefolia (H.B.K.) Greene [Atldntida] Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Mold. [Atldntida, Cortés, & Ju- tiapa] Phyla strigulosa var. sericea (Kuntze) Mold. [Morazdn & Yoro] Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [Ocotepéquez] Priva lappulacea f. albiflora Mold. [Yoro] Stachytarpheta frantzii Polak. [Gracias a Dfos] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis f. atrocoerulea Mold. [Colon] Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Cortés] Verbena carolina f. hirsuta (Mart. & Gal.) Mold. [Morazdn] Xolocotzia asperifolia Miranda [El Paraiso] BAY ISLANDS: EL Lantana involucrata var. odorata (L.) Mold. [Roatdn] SALVADOR: Bouchea nelsonii Grenz. [La Libertad] Lantana glandulosissima f. parvifolia Mold. [Sonsonate] Lantana maxima Hayek [San Salvador] Lantana trifolia var. rigidiuscula Briq. [San Salvador] Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. [La Libertad] Lippia myriocephala Schlecht. & Cham. [Ahuachapan] Lippia substrigosa Turcz. [Ahuachapdn] Lippia umbellata Cav. [San Salvador] Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Mold. [Ahuachapdn] Stachytarpheta frantzii Polak. [La Libertad] NICARAGUA: Clerodendrum philippinum f. multiplex (Sweet) Mold. [Esteli & Jinotega] Lantana camara L. [Ometepa Island] Lantana glandulosissima f. parvifolia Mold. [Granada] Lippia alba f. intermedia Mold. Lippia cardiostegia Benth. [Madriz] COSTA RICA: Avicennia germinans f. aberrans Mold. [Puntarenas] 118 PH Wer O°OKG Ea Vol. 52, No. 2 Citharexylum viride Mold. [Alajuela] Duranta repens L. Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Mold. [Guanacaste] Lantana camara f. mista (L.) Mold. [Puntarenas] Lantana trifélia f. hirsuta Mold. [Alajuela] Lippia alba f. intermedia Mold. Petrea aspera Turcz. [Puntarenas] Stachytarpheta mutabilis var. violacea Mold. [Heredia] PANAMA: Aegiphila cephalophora Standl. [Panam4] Aegiphila costaricensis Mold. [Coclé] Aegiphila elata Sw. [Chiriquf] Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. [Coclé, Colén, & Veraguas] Avicennia bicolor Standl. [Panama] Avicennia germinans (L.) L. [San Blas] Avicennia germinans var. guayaquilensis (H.B.K.) Mold. [Canal Zone] Callicarpa acuminata H.B.K. [Veraguas] Clerodendrum philippinum f, multiplex (Sweet) Mold. [Veraguas] Cornutia grandifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schau. [Herrera] Duranta repens f, integrifolia (Tod.) Mold. [Canal Zone & Cocl1d] Ghinia spicata (Aubl.) Mold. [Coldn & Panama] Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. [Panamd] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Mold. [Coclé] Lantana camara f, mista (L.) Mold. [Veraguas] Lantana camara var. moritziana £, parvifolia (Mold.) Lépez- Palacios [Coldn] Lantana glandulosissima £, parvifolia Mold. [Panamd] Lantana hirta Grah. [Herrera] Lantana trifolia L. [Darién] Lantana trifolia f, albiflora Mold. [Bocas del Toro] Lantana trifolia f, hirsuta Mold. [Chiriquf] Lantana trifolia £, oppositifolia Mold. [Chiriquf, Herrera, & Veraguas] Lippia callicarpaefolia H.B.K. [Chiriquf] Lippia controversa Mold. [Coclé] Petrea aspera Turcz. [Coclé & Panama] Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [Herrera] Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl [Darién] Verbena parvula Hayek [Chiriquf] BAHAMA ISLANDS: Duranta repens f, integrifolia (Tod.) Mold. [Greater Abaco] Petitia domingensis Jacq. [Greater Abaco] Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [South Bimini] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Greater Abaco] TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS: Lantana camara f, rubella Mold. [South Caicos] CUBA: Lantana cubensis Mold. [Havana] Lantana reticulata f, albiflora Mold. [Las Villas] Verbena domingensis var. cubensis Mold. [Havana & Matanzas] 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement 119 Verbena officinalis L. -- to be deleted ISLA DE PINOS: Lantana camara f. mutabilis (Hook.) Mold. HISPANTOLA: Lantana arida var. portoricensis Mold. [Haiti] Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios. [Dominican Republic] Lantana camara f. sanguinea (Medic.) Mold. [Dominican Republic] Lippia alba f£. intermedia Mold. [Dominican Republic & Haiti] Lippia alba £. macrophylla Mold. [Haiti] Verbena alainii Mold. [Dominican Republic]* Verbena domingensis var. cubensis Mold. [Dominican Republic] HISPANIOLAN OFFSHORE ISLANDS: Lantana ehrenbergiana Mold. [Tortue] Lantana reticulata L. [Tortue] Lippia alba f. intermedia Mold. [Tortue] Lippia alba £. macrophylla Mold. [Tortue] Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Tortue] PUERTO RICO: Lantana arida var. portoricensis Mold. -- delete the asterisk Verbena litoralis H.B.K.-- to be deleted Verbena litoralis var. portoricensis Mold.* VIRGIN ISLANDS: Duranta repens f. microphylla (Desf.) Mold. [St. Croix] Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [St. Croix] WINDWARD ISLANDS: Lippia alba f. intermedia Mold. [Martinique] SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS ANTILLES: F Lantana camara var. moritziana f. parvifolia (Mold.) Lopez- Palacios [Curacao] NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICAN ISLANDS: Lantana camara Var. moritziana f. parvifolia (Mold.) Lépez- Palacios [San Andres] COLOMBIA: Aegiphila grandis Mold. [Choco] Clerodendrum ternifolium var. velutinosum Mold. [Atldntico] Lippia schlimii Turcz. [Boyacd] Lantana camara L. [Meta] Lantana camara var. moritziana f. aculeifera Mold. [Boyacd & Cundinamarca ]* Lantana camara var. moritziana f. parvifolia (Mold.) Lépez- Palacios [Atldntico, Bolifvar, El Valle, & Huila] Lantana cujabensis var. hispida Mold. [Cauca, Cundinamarca, El Valle, & Santander] Lantana cujabensis var. parvifolia Mold. [Cauca] Paepalanthus lodiculoides var. floccosus Mold. [Arauca] Paepalanthus pilosus (H.B.K.) Kunth [Santander] Syngonanthus humboldtii var. glabrescens Mold. [Meta] VENEZUELA: Aegiphila costaricensis Mold. [Tdchira] Aegiphila deppeana Steud. [Tdchira] 120 PH YE O-LYONG BA Vol. 52, No. 2 Aegiphila hirsutissima Mold. [Téchira] Clerodendrum ternifolium var. serratifolium Mold. [Zulia]* Clerodendrum ternifolium var. velutinosum Mold. [Zulia] Cornutia microcalycina var. puberulenta Mold. [Zulia] Eriocaulon klotzschii Mold, [Amazonas] Lantana camara var. motitziana f. parvifolia (Mold.) Lopez- Palacios [Amazonas & Lara] Lantana camara f. parvifolia Mold. [Zulia] Lantana cujabensis Schau. [Apure] Lantana fucata f. albiflora Mold. [Zulia] Lantana trifolia f. oppositifolia Mold. [Yaracuy] Paepalanthus andicola var. villosus Mold. [Trujillo] Paepalanthus brunneus Mold. [Amazonas] Paepalanthus convexus var. parvicephalus Mold. [Amazonas]* Paepalanthus convexus var. strigosus Mold. [Amazonas] Paepalanthus jauensis Mold. [Amazonas] Paepalanthus jauensis var. caulescens Mold. [Amazonas] Paepalanthus meseticola Mold. & Steyerm. [Amazonas] Paepalanthus viscosus Mold. [Amazonas] Petrea arborea H.B.K. [Tachira] Petrea arborea f. broadwayi (Mold.) Mold. [Zulia] Petrea macrostachya Benth. [Amazonas] Stachytarpheta angustifolia var. elatior (Schrad.) Lopez- Palacios [Zulia] Syngonanthus bellus Mold. [Amazonas] Syngonanthus cowani var. involucratus Mold. [Amazonas]* Syngonanthus cowani var. simplex Mold. [Amazonas]* Syngonanthus duidae var. longifolius Mold. [Bolfvar]* Syngonanthus glandulosus f. epapillosus Mold. [Apure] Syngonanthus philodicoides (K8rn.) Ruhl. [Amazonas] Syngonanthus tenuis var. minor Mold. -- delete the asterisk Syngonanthus xeranthemoides var. angustifolius Mold. [Ama- zonas |* Vitex capitata Vahl [Zulia] Vitex compressa f. angustifolia Mold. [Miranda & Zulia] Vitex cymosa Bert. [Trujillo] Vitex orinocensis H.B.K. [Apure & Barinas] Vitex orinocensis var. multiflora (Miq.) Huber [Zulia] Vitex polygama var. bakeri Mold. [Amazonas] Vitex stahelii Mold. [Amazonas & Falcon] GUYANA: Amasonia lasiocaulos var. macrophylla Mold. Eriocaulon klotzschii Mold. Petrea candolleana Schau.* Petrea longifolia Mold. Petrea martiana Schau. Petrea schomburgkiana Schau. Syngonanthus gracilis var. aureus Ruhl. SURINAM: Amasonia campestris var. surinamensis Mold. -- delete the asterisk Paepalanthus viscosus Mold. -- delete the asterisk 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement yal Petrea macrostachya Benth. Petrea martiana Schau. Petrea schomburgkiana Schau. FRENCH GUIANA: Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. Amasonia campestris var. surinamensis Mold. Amasonia lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. Lantana armata var. guianensis Mold.* Lippia alba f£, intermedia Mold. Paepalanthus bifidus f, brevipes Mold. Paepalanthus fasciculatus f{, sphaerocephalus Herzog Paepalanthus leucocyaneus Tutin Paepalanthus leucocyaneus f. egleri Mold. Petrea longifolia Mold. Petrea martiana var. glabrescens Mold. Petrea schomburgkiana Schau. Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Syngonanthus caulescens f£, longifolius Mold.* Syngonanthus gracilis var. hirtellus (Steud.) Ruhl. Syngonanthus macrocaulon Ruhl. Tonina fluviatilis £, parvifolia Mold. ECUADOR: Aegiphila alba Mold. [Cotopaxi] Aloysia dodsoniorum Mold. [Guayas]* Aloysia scorodonioides var. mathewsii (Briq.) Mold. [Imbabura] Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton [Azuay] Avicennia germinans (L.) L. [Esmeraldas] Duranta sprucei var. cotopaxiensis Mold. [Cotopaxi]* Eriocaulon microcephalum H,.B.K. [Santiago-Zamora] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Mold. [Azuay] Lantana camara f, mista (L.) Mold. [Los Rios] Lantana cujabensis Schau. [Guayas] Lantana cujabensis var. hispida Mold. -- delete the asterisk Lantana ferreyrae var. brevipedunculata Mold. [Guayas]* Lantana pastazensis Mold. [Pastaza]* Lantana trifolia L. [Moreno-Santiago] Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Esmeraldas] Stachytarpheta straminea Mold. [Cotopaxi] Verbena glabrata H.B.K. [Carchi] PERU: Aegiphila cordifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Mold. [Madre de Dfos] Aegiphila haughtii Mold. [Amazonas] Aegiphila hoehnei Mold. [Loreto] Citharexylum poeppigii var. margaritaceum Poepp. & Mold. [Ama- zonas | Junellia ligustrina (Lag.) Mold. [Arequipa] Lantana cujabensis var. parvifolia Mold. -- delete the aster- isk Lippia alba f£, intermedia Mold. [Loreto] Petrea atrocoerulea Mold. [Amazonas] Verbena litoralis £, albiflora (Mold.) Mold. [Amazonas] Vitex triflora var. hirsuta Mold. [San Martin] 122 PH YT Ol LOG LA Vol. 52, No. BRAZIL: Aegiphila lhotzkiana Cham. [Amazonas] Amasonia laSiocaulos var. macrophylla Mold. [Mato Grosso] Eriocaulon elichrysoides Bong. [Distrito Federal] Eriocaulon klotzschii Mold. [Roraima] Lantana camara f. flava (Medic.) Mold. [Bahia] Lantana fucata Lindl. [Distrito Federal] Lantana trifolia f. pluripedunculata Mold. [Rondénia] Lippia microcephala Cham. [Bahia] Paepalanthus cachambuensis Alv. Silv. [Sa Paulo] Paepalanthus claussenianus KUrn. [Amazénas] Paepalanthus convexus var. strigosus Mold. -- delete the aster- isk Paepalanthus fasciculatus f. sphaerocephalus Herzog [Ronddnia] Paepalanthus leucocyaneus f. egleri Mold. [Amapd] Paepalanthus pulchellus var. puberulentus Mold. [Goids]* Petrea bracteata Steud. [Acre] Petrea macrostachya Benth. [Mato Grosso] Petrea martiana Schau. [Amapa] Petrea martiana var. glabrescens Mold. [Amap4a] Philodice cuyabensis (Bong.) KUrn. [Amazénas] Stachytarpheta almasensis Mansf. [Distrito Federal] Syngonanthus bellus Mold. [Amazénas] Syngonanthus densifolius var. venezuelensis Mold. [Amazdénas] Syngonanthus densus (KUrn.) Ruhl. [Bahia] Syngonanthus egleri var. pombosensis Mold. [Amazénas]* Syngonanthus elegans var. elanatus Ruhl. [Amazonas] Syngonanthus fertilis var. hirtellus Mold. [Amazonas] Syngonanthus gracilis var. amazonicus Ruhl. [Pard] Syngonanthus humboldtii var. simplex Mold. [Pard] Syngonanthus nitens var. pilosus Mold. [Amazénas] Syngonanthus tenuis var. minor Mold. [Amazénas] Syngonanthus xeranthemoides f. brevifolius Mold. [Amazonas] Vitex polygama var. bakeri Mold. -- delete the asterisk Vitex triflora var. kraatzii Huber [Rondonia] BOLIVIA: Aloysia beckii Mold. [Cochabamba]* Aloysia sellowii (Briq.) Mold. [Chuquisaca] Lantana canescens H.B.K. [Chuquisaca] Lippia beckii Mold. [Cochabamba] * Stachytarpheta canescens H.B.K. [La Paz] Syngonanthus gracilis var. bolivianus Ruhl. [El Beni] Verbena microphylla H.B.K. [Cochabamba] Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton [Santa Cruz] Verbena rigida var. paraguayensis Mold. [Santa Cruz] Vitex cymosa f, albiflora Mold. [Santa Cruz]* PARAGUAY: Lippia alba f£, macrophylla Mold. Verbena rigida var. paraguayensis Mold. -- delete the asterisk JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS: Verbena brasiliensis Vell. 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement 23 ARGENTINA: Aloysia chaco#nsis var. angustifolia Troncoso [Entre Rios] Junellia ligustrina (Lag.) Mold. -- delete the asterisk Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. [Buenos Aires] ISLE OF WIGHT: Verbena officinalis L. EIRE: Eriocaulon aquaticum (J. Hill) Druce [Clare & Galway Counties] SPAIN: Lantana camara f. splendens (Medic.) Mold. ETHIOPIA: Eriocaulon volkensii Engl. Eriocaulon zambesiense Ruhl. LIBERIA: Clerodendrum dusenii Glirke NIGERIA: Duranta repens f. alba (Masters) Matuda Premna quadrifolia var. warneckeana Mold. CAMEROONS : Eriocaulon bongense Engl. & Ruhl. ZAIRE: Eriocaulon afzelianum Wikstr. BURUNDI: Lippia grandifolia var. longipedunculata Mold. TANGANYIKA: Vitex volkensii Glirke -- add an asterisk KENYA: Vitex volkensii Glirke -- to be deleted ZIMBABWE: Verbena rigida Spreng. MALAWI: Clerodendrum milne-redheadi Mold. Eriocaulon teusczii Engl. & Ruhl. Lantana camara L. Vitex doniana var. parvifolia (Engl.) Mold. LESOTHO: Eriocaulon sonderianum KUrn. SOUTH AFRICA: Eriocaulon subulatum WN. E. Br. [Transvaal] Vitex zeyheri Sond. [Natal] PAKISTAN: Caryopteris grata Benth. -- delete "Poonch" BHUTAN: Caryopteris grata Benth. INDIA: Clerodendrum longiflorum var. pubescens Mold. [Kerala] Duranta repens f, serrata (Mold.) Mold. [Karnataka] Eriocaulon collinum yar. nanum Mold. [Tamil Nadu] SRI LANKA: Eriocaulon collinum var. nanum Mold. -- delete the asterisk BANGLADESH: Vitex trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Mold. 124 BeHeyeD OSELVONG 3A Vol. 52, Note2Z BURMA: Caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq. Eriocaulon infirmum Steud. [Tenasserim] CHINA: Callicarpa bodinieri var.lyi (Leveille) Rehd. [Kwangtung] Callicarpa longipes Dunn -- delete the asterisk Caryopteris chosenensis Mold. -- not "C. divaricata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim." Duranta repens L. [YUnnan] Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [YUnnan] CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Verbena officinalis £. anomala Mold. [Hainan]* HONG KONG: Callicarpa japonica var. rhombifolia H. J. Lam Callicarpa longipes Dunn Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum £. dentatum Mold.* Clerodendrum philippinum Schau. Clerodendrum splendens G. Don Vitex parviflora A. L. Juss. THATLAND: Clerodendrum hastato-oblongum C. B. Clarke* Congea griffithiana var. elliptica Munir Eriocaulon nilagirense Steud. MALAYAN ISLANDS: Premna obtusifolia R. Br. [North Sister] KOREA: Caryopteris chosenensis Mold. -- not "C. divaricata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim." KOREAN COASTAL ISLANDS: Vitex turczaninowii Merr. [Botel Tobago] JAPAN: Caryopteris chosenensis Mold. -- not "C. divaricata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim." RYUKYU ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGO: Callicarpa japonica var. luxurians Rehd. [Tokunoshima] Callicarpa oshimensis Hayata [Tokunoshima] Clerodendrum trichotomum var. fargesii (Dode) Rehd. [Tokuno- shima] PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Mindoro] Clerodendrum intermedium Cham. [Camiguin] Vitex quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. -- to be deleted Vitex quinata var. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. -- to be deleted Vitex trifolia L. [Batan] Vitex turczaninowii Merr. [Batan, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Min- doro, Palawan, Samar, & Ticao] Vitex turczaninowii f. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. [Leyte, Lu- zon, Masbate, Mindanao, & Palawan] PALAU ISLANDS: Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Mold. [Kayangel] GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Eriocaulon australe R. Br. [Sabah] 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement 25 Eriocaulon leucogenes Ridl. [Sumatra] Eriocaulon truncatum Hamilt. [Brunei] Vitex turczaninowii f, puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. [Sarawak] MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Avicennia alba var. latifolia Mold. [Ceram] Vitex quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. -- to be deleted Vitex quinata var. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. -- to be deleted Vitex turczaninowii Merr. [Amboina & Halmahera] Vitex turczaninowii £, puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. [Batjan, Buru, Halmahera, Morota, Obi, & Soelabest] AROE ISLANDS: Vitex quinata var. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. -- to be deleted Vitex turczaninowii £, puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. [Oedjir] CAROLINE ISLANDS: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Uoala] BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO: Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Mold. [Manus] NEW HEBRIDES: Faradaya lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. [Aneityum] Faradaya neo-ebudica Guillaum. -- to be deleted NEW CALEDONIAN ISLANDS: Lantana camara f, alba (Mold.) Mold. [New Caledonia] Premna guillauminii Mold. [Ducos] FIJI ISLANDS: Clerodendrum gordoni Horne -- to be deleted Faradaya lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. [Kandavu, Matuku, Moala, Ngau, Ovalau, Tailevu, Taveuni, Vanua Levu, & Viti Levu } Faradaya lehuntei var. degeneri (Mold.) Mold. [Viti Levu]* Faradaya neo-ebudica Guillaum. -- to be deleted Faradaya neo-ebudica var. degeneri (Mold.) Mold. -- to be de- leted Faradaya neo-ebudica var. puberulenta (Mold.) Mold. -- to be deleted Faradaya ovalifolia (A. Gray) Seem. [Matuku] Faradaya vitiensis Seem. [not "(A. Gray) Seem."] Vitex turczaninowii Merr. [Viti Levu] TONGAN ISLANDS: Faradaya amicorum (Seem.) Seem. [Vavau] Faradaya lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. [Eua] Faradaya neo-ebudica Guillaum. -- to be deleted AUSTRALIA: Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Mold. [Tasmania] Lantana camara £, mista (L.) Mold. [South Australia] Lantana camara var, moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Ldépez-Palacios [Queensland] Pityrodia terminalis (Endl.) George [South Australia] GREAT BARRIER REEF: Faradaya splendida F, Muell. [Dunk] CULTIVATED: Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton [Alabama, District of Colum- bia, Maryland, & Texas] Aloysia triphylla f£, serrulata Mold. [Indiana & New York]* 126 PHY TO LywOvG ByA Vol. 52, Now 2 Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch [Michigan] Callicarpa formosana Rolfe [California] Callicarpa japonica f. albibacca Hara [England] Caryopteris chosenensis Mold. -- not "C. divaricata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim." Caryopteris glutinosa Rehd. [England & Massachusetts] Caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq. [France & Indiana] Caryopteris mongholica var. serrata Maxim. [Pennsylvania] Citharexylum donnell-smithii Greenm. [Costa Rica] Citharexylum spinosum L. [French Guiana] Clerodendrum philippinum f. multiplex (Sweet) Mold. [Hong Kong] Clerodendrum splendens G. Don [Dominican Republic] Clerodendrum ugandense Prain [Kenya] Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. [Hong Kong] Congea tomentosa Roxb. [Zimbabwe] Congea velutina Wight [New Caledonia] Duranta repens L. [Australia] Duranta repens f. alba (Masters) Matuda [Australia & South Africa] Duranta repens f. integrifolia (Tod.) Mold. [Panama & South Africa] Duranta repens var. lopez-palacii Mold. [California] Duranta repens f. serrata (Mold.) Mold. [Mexico] Duranta repens f. variegata (L. H. Bailey) Mold. [Australia] Faradaya lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. [Java] Faradaya neo-ebudica Guillaum. -- to be deleted Faradaya papuana Scheff. [England] Faradaya splendida F. Muell. [England] Gmelina arborea var. canescens Haines [Cuba] Gmelina philippensis Cham. [Pennsylvania] Hemiphora elderi F. Muell. [Australia] Holmskioldia tettensis (Klotzsch) Vatke [Pennsylvania] Lantana camara f. flava (Medic.) Mold. [California, District of Columbia, Ecuador, Florida, Pennsylvania, & Zimbabwe] Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios [Cuba & Zimbabwe] Lantana camara f. nana (Mold.) Mold. [California & District of Columbia] Lantana camara f. rubello-flavescens Mold. [Ecuador]* Lantana camara f. splendens (Medic.) Mold. [California, Costa Rica, & District of Columbia] Lantana glandulosissima Hayek [Zimbabwe] Lantana hispida H.B.K. [Alabama] Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. [District of Columbia] Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. [Dominican Republic] Lippia alba f. intermedia Mold. [Haiti & Tortue] Lippia alba f. macrophylla Mold. [Haiti] Lippia graveolens H.B.K. [Delaware, New Jersey, & New York] Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz. [Australia] Petrea bracteata Steud. [Honduras] Petrea volubilis L. [Singapore] 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement 2i7, Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Mold. [El Salvador] Premna microphylla Turcz. [Pennsylvania] Stachytarpheta frantzii Polak. -- delete "Zimbabwe" Stachytarpheta frantzii var. mollissima Mold. [Zimbabwe] Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl [Florida] Syngonanthus niveus (Bong.) Ruhl. [New Jersey] Tectona grandis f. canescens Mold. [Brazil] Verbena Xhybrida Voss [Indiana & New Hampshire] Verbena monacensis Mold. [Mexico] Vitex agnus-castus L. [Bahama Islands, Dominican Republic, & Ohio] Vitex agnus-castus f. caerulea (Rehd.) Mold. [Puerto Rico] Vitex agnus-castus f. rosea Rehd. [California] Vitex negundo L. [Zimbabwe] Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. [California & Russia] Vitex orinocensis var. multiflora (Miq.) Huber [Venezuela] Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. [Zimbabwe] II. Rejected names, misspellings, and mis-accreditions: Acantholippia punensis Botta = A. deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Mold. Aegiphila chrysantha Mayek. = A. chrysantha Hayek Aegophylla Steud. = Aegiphila Jacq. Aegophylla deppeana Steud. = Aegiphiia deppeana Steud. Aegophylla monstrosa Mold. = Aegiphila monstrosa Mold. Avicennia nitens Jacq. = A. germinans (L.) L. Callicarpa R. & P. = Aegiphila Jacq. Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii (Hesse ex Rehd.) Rehd. = C. bodinieri yar, giraldii (Hesse) Rehd. Carryopteris Farington = Caryopteris Bunge Carryopteris incana Farington = Caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq- Caryopsis Bunge = Caryopteris Bunge Caryopteris divaricata Maxim. = C. chosenensis Mold. Caryopteris divaricata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. = C. chosenensis Mold. Caryopteris foetida (D. Don) Thib. = C. grata Benth. Caryopteris grata (Wall.) Benth. = C. grata Benth. Citarexylum berlandieri B. L. Robinson = Citharexylum berlan- dieri B. L. Robinson Citharexylem flabellifolium S. Wats. = Citharexylum flabelli- folium S. Wats. Citharexylom Greenm. = Citharexylum B. Juss. Citharexylom glabrum (S. Wats.) Greenm. = Citharexylum glabrum (S. Wats.) Greenm. Citharexylum cinereum Hort. = C. pentandrum Vent. Citharexylum gentryi Lundell = C. gentryi Mold. Citharexylum glabrum (Swart.) Greenm. = C. glabrum (S. Wats.) Greenn. Citharexylum glabrum (Swats) Greenm. = C. glabrum (S. Wats.) Greenn. Clerodendron divaricatum Sieb. & Zucc. = Caryopteris chosenen- sis Mold. 128 Pel Yo T, OmL2OnG: eA Vol. 52, Now2 Clerodendron hastato-oblongum C. B. Clarke = Clerodendrum hastato- oblongum C. B. Clarke Clerodendron innerme Seem. = Clerodendruim inerme (L.) Gaertn. Clerodendron le huntei Horne = Faradaya lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. Clerodendron lehuntei Horne = Faradaya lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. Clerodendrum hastato-oblongum C. B. Clarke: -- to be deleted Clerodendrum lehuntei Horne = Faradaya lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. Clerodondron A. Gray = Clerodendrum Burn. Clerodondron ovalifolia Gray = Faradaya ovalifolia (A. Gray) Seem. Conglea Layzell & Horton = Congea Roxb. Conglea villosa Roxb. = Congea griffithiana Munir Duranta repes L. = D. repens L. Eleocharis chrysanthemifolium Schnitzl. = Syngonanthus anthemi- florus (Bong.) Ruhl. Eriocaulon engleri Ruhl. = E. ravenelii Chapm. Eriocaulon johnstouii Ruhl. = E. johnstonii Ruhl. Eriocaulon mantoense Hayata = E. nantoense Hayata Eriocaulon microcephamum H.B.K. = E. microcephalum H.B.K. Faradaija Wigman = Faradaya F. Muell. Faradaija papuana Wigman = Faradaya papuana Scheff. Faradaija splendida Wigman = Faradaya splendida F, Muell. Faradaija prob. ternifolia F, v. MU11. = Faradaya dimorpha Pulle Faradaya amicorum yar. salomonensis Bakh. = F. salomonensis (Bakh.) Mold. Faradaya neo-ebudica Guillaum. = F. lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. Faradaya neo-ebudica var. degeneri Mold. = F. lehuntei var. degeneri (Mold.) Mold. Faradaya neo-ebudica var. puberulenta Mold. = F. lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sn. Faradaya neo-ebudica var. puberulenta (Mold.) Mold. = F. lehuntei (Horne) A. C. Sm. Faradaya vitiensis yar. puberulenta Mold. = F. lehuntei (Horne) A. G. Sm: Glossocarya hemiderma (F.V.M.) Benth. = G. hemiderma (F. Muell.) Benth. Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. & M.) Druce = L. eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce Lantana lilacina R. Brown = L. camara yar, moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lopez—Palacios Lantana strigosa Greenm. = L. achyranthifolia Desf. Leiothrix tinquensis Herzog = L. tinguensis Herzog Lippia pycnocephala H.R, = L. myriocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Mold. Lippia reptans (Sprague) H.B.K. = Phyla strigulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Mold. Lomatia Sol. = Premna L, Microtaena ? coreana Léveillé = Caryopteris chosenensis Mold. Paepalanthus bargulatus Herzog = P. barbulatus Herzog Paepalanthus dentroides (H.B.K.) Kunth = P. pilosus (H.B.K.) Kunth Phyla domingensis Molh. = Lippia domingensis Mold. Phylla stroechadifolia Mold. = Phyla stoechadifolia (L.) Small 1982 Moldenke, Sixth Summary supplement 129 Sijymphorema Lam & Bakh. = Symphorema Roxb. Symbolanthus Humbert = Syngonanthus Ruhl. Tectona hamiltonii Wall. = T. hamiltoniana Wall. Terminalioides Soland. = Faradaya F. Muell. & F. amicorum (Seem.) Seem. Tonina aquatilis Aubl. = T. fluviatilis Aubl. Verbena ambrosoides Rydb. = V. ambrosifolia Rydb. Verbena melendris Paxt. = V. peruviana (L.) Britton Verbena rigida var. grandulifera Mold. = V. rigida var. glandu- lifera Mold. Vitex agnus-castus f. albiflora Mold. = V. agnus-castus f. alba (West.) Rehd. Vitex cannabina Beal = V. negundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. Vitex intermedia Carrick & Enoch = V. trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Mold. Vitex lukundjensis Pieper = V. lokundjensis Pieper Vitex lukundjensis var. kruckei Pieper = V. lokundjensis var. kruckei Pieper Vitex negundo L. var. Cham. = V. trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Mold. Vitex negundo var. bicolor H. J. Lam = V. trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Mold. Vitex negundo var. bicolor (Lam.) Mold. = V. trifolia var. bi- color (Willd.) Mold. Vitex negundo var. bicolor (Lam.) Willd. bicolor (Willd.) Mold. Vitex negundo bicolor (Willd.) H. J. Lam bicolor (Willd.) Mold. Vitex orinocensis var. multifolia (Miq.) Huber = V. orinocensis var. multiflora (Miq.) Huber Vitex trichanthera J. G. Baker = V. trichantha J. G. Baker Vitex triflora odorata, sylvestris J. Burm. = V. leucoxylon L.f. Vitex trifoliata var. bicolor (Willd.) Whistler = V. trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Mold. Vitex 6-dentata Wall. = Caryopteris grata Benth. V. trifolia var. V. trifolia var. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CLX Harold N. Moldenke LANTANA CAMARA var. MORITZIANA f£. ACULEIFERA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica varietatis ramulis plusminusve per- spicue aculeatis recedit. 130 POH) YoT O00 OLGA Vol. 52, No. 2 This form differs from the typical form of the variety in its branches and branchlets being more or less conspicuously aculeate. The form is based on José Cuatrecasas 1920 from the vicinity of Boavita, at 2250 m. altitude, Boyaca, Colombia, collected on September 16, 1938, and deposited in the United States National Herbarium in Washington. LANTANA FRUTILLA f£. GROSSIDENTATA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum maturis late ovatis ad 4 cm. latis marginaliter valde grossidentatis den- tibus late ovatis apicaliter rotundatis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its mature leaf-blades thinly membranous in texture, broadly ovate in shape, to 4 cm. wide, the margins from the widest part to the apex very coarsely dentate with few, very conspicuous, ovate, slightly antrorse, apically rounded teeth. The type of the form was collected by John D. Dwyer (no. 14304) near a crest called Terpene about 5 miles south of Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico, on July 2, 1977, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas in Austin. The collector de- scribes the plant as a shrub to 8 feet tall, the corollas white. LANTANA HISPIDA f£. PARVIFOLIA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum maturis par- vioribus 2.5--4 cm. longis 1.5--2.5 cm. latis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in its uniformly smaller mature leaves during anthesis and/or fruit, the blades being only 2.5--4 cm. long and 1.5--2.5 cm. wide in most cases. The form is based on Efrain Romero 71 from the vicinity of Ciu- dad Universitaria, Morazan, Honduras, collected on May 26, 1978, and deposited in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden at St. Louis. LANTANA HORRIDA f£. INERMIS Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei caulibus ramisque ramulisque uniforme inermis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its stems, branches, and branchlets uniformly unarmed. The form is based on G. F. Gaumer 808 from Yucatan, Mexico, de- posited in the United States National Herbarium in Washington. LIPPIA GRAVEOLENS £. LOESENERIANA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum subtus densissime molliterque albido-tomentosis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav- ing the lower surface of its leaf-blades very densely, conspicu- ously, and softly white-tomentose. ‘ The form is based on Seler & Seler 3043 from dry sunny cliffs at Gracias d Dfos, Chiapas, Mexico, collected on August 19, 1896, 1982 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants itl and deposited in the United States National Herbarium in Wash- ington. Loesener was the first to call attention to the distinct- ness of this form. STACHYTARPHETA BELIZENSIS Mold., sp. nov. Frutex ramis lignosis griseis subglabratis; tamulis erectis gracilibus firmis subteretibus dense puberulis; foliis breviter petiolatis, laminis chartaceis elliptico-lanceolatis apicaliter argute acutis marginaliter grosse serratis basaliter acuminatis in petiolum cuneato-decurrentibus utrinque parcissime irregulari- terque pilosulis; inflorescentiis terminalibus spicatis elongatis densissime multifloris ubique adpresso-pilosis; bracteis valde lanceolato-ovatis perspicuis 10--15 mm. longis basaliter 2--3 mm. latis apicaliter longe aristato-acuminatis. A shrub to 1 m. tall; stems and branches apparently quite woody, gray, subglabrate; branchlets more slender, subterete, brownish, firmly erect, densely puberulent; leaves decussate- opposite, usually with a few very small ones on much abbreviated twigs in their axils, rather uniformly green or slightly lighter beneath, short-petiolate, the blades chartaceous. elliptic-ovate, 3--5 cm. long, 1--2 cm. wide, apically very sharply acute, mar- ginally coarsely serrate to slightly below the widest part, basal- ly long-acuminate and cuneately narrowed into the petiole, very sparsely and irregularly whitish-pilosulous on both surfaces; in- florescence terminal, spicate, pedunculate, 15--25 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, rather sparsely whitish-pilosulous with appressed or subappressed hairs throughout, densely many-flowered, stiffly e- rect; peduncles 3--4 cm. long; bracts conspicuous, ascending- spreading, plainly lanceolate-ovate, 10--15 mm. long, basally 2--3 mm. wide, apically long-acuminate, aristate, ot even subcaudate; corolla maroon. The type of this species was collected by John D. Dwyer (He. 14974) between mile 16 and 19 on the Northern Highway, Belize Dis- trict, Belize, on July 22, 1980, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas in Austin. SYNGONANTHUS EGLERI var. POMBOSENSIS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis basalibus et foliis involucrantibus simillimis lato-oblongis 6--12 cm. longis 1--1.5 cm. latis apicaliter rotundatis vel rotundato-subacutis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its basal and involucral leaves very similar in size, shape, and texture, uniformly broadly oblong, 6--12 cm. long, 1--1.5 cm. wide, apically rounded or rounded-subacute. Type: Calderén, Monteiro, & Guedes 260gfrom the rocky edge of the Rio dos Pombos. a tributary of the Rio Yuma, above the water- fall about 3 km. upstream from the intersection with the Trans- amazon Highway and 73 km. east of the Rio Aripuana, Amazonas, Brazil, collected on June 20, 1979, deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas in Austin. The collectors note that the plant was abundant in very wet areas between mosses and another eriocaulaceous species. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VITEX. XXXVI Harold N. Moldenke VITEX Tourn. Additional & emended bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 6 & 390--393. 1802; Blume, Flora 8: 107--109. 1825; Miq., Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 115. 18641; Powell in Seem., Journ. Bot. 6: 359. 1868; Horne, Year Fiji 269 & 275. 1881; Drake del Castillc, Illustr. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. 260. 1892; Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo 2: 270; pl. 8, fig. 17. US9seeCeek. Schneid., Dendrol. Winterstud. 188, 198, 201, & 267, fig. 191 a--g. 1903; F. W. Harvey, Garden 76: 24. 1912; Bakh. in White, Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 264. 1929; W. Trelease, Wint. Bot., ed. 3, imp. 1, 323, 325, 334, & 335. 1931; Masamune, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 22: 169, 220, & 224. 1932; Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 23: 233. 1933; Masamune, Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 11, Bot. 4: 388. 1934; Takenouchi, Journ. Nat. Hist. Fukuoka 2: 15. 1936; Hunt, South. Gard. 94. 1982; Mold., Phy- tologia 51: 388, 496, & 510 (1982) and 52: 19. 1982. The Masamune (1932) reference in the bibliography (above) is sometimes cited as "121: 169, 220, & 224", but "121" is the issue number, not the volume number. This author classifies Vitex in what he calls the "Vitaceae". The index in the Hunt reference (1982, above) indicates that Vitex is mentioned on pages 91 & 93 of that work, but we fail to find it there. VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS L. Additional & emended bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 391. 1802; C. K. Schneid., Dendrol. Winterstud. 188 & 198, fig. 191 a--g. 1903; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 504. 1911; F. W. Harvey, Garden 76: 24. 1912; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 504. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 246--290 & 330--355. 1982. Additional citations: ISRAEL: J. Grant 143 (N). VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS f. ALBA (West.) Rehd. Additional synonymy: Vitex agnus-castus f. albiflora Mold., in herb. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 214. 1982. VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS £. LATIFOLIA (Mill.) Rehd. Additional bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 391. 1802; Mold., Phytologia 51: 214. 1982. VITEX ALTISSIMA L. f. Additional bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 391. 1802; Mold., Phytologia 51: 215 & 344. 1982. ibs p2 1982 Moldenke, Notes on vyitex 133 VITEX ALTISSIMA f£. juv. ALATA (Willd.) Mold. Additional & emended bibliography: Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 504 (1911) and imp. 5, 504. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 215. 1982. VITEX CANESCENS Kurz Additional & emended bibliography: Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 504 (1911) and imp. 5, 504. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 217-- 218. 1982. VITEX CAPITATA Vahl Additional bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 393. 1802; Mold., Phytologia 51: 213. 1982. VITEX COOPERI Standl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 455. 1981. Liesner and his associates refer to this plant as a tree, 8 m. tall, with bluish-purple corollas, and found it in anthesis in July at 500 m. altitude. Additional citations: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Liesner, Almeda, & Wilbur 3469 (E--2903445). VITEX CYMOSA Bert. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 248--250 (1982) and 52: 19. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 15 m. tall, with a trunk to 25 cm. in diameter at breast height, and have found it growing in wet subtropical forests, at 226--650 m. altitude, in flower in October. The corollas on Beck 7135 are said to have been "blue" when fresh. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: El Beni: Meneces & Terceros 377 (Ld). Santa Cruz: Ss. G. Beck 7135 (Ld). VITEX CYMOSA f. ALBIFLORA Mold., Phytologia 52: 19. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 19. 1982. Citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: S. G. Beck 7136 (Ld--type). VITEX DIVARICATA Sw. Additional bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 390. 1802; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 1, 504 (1906), imp. 3, 504 (1911), and imp. 5, 504. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 250 & 257. 1982. VITEX DONIANA Sweet Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 251. 1982. Additional citations: ZAIRE: Donis 3456 (N). VITEX DONIANA var. PARVIFOLIA (Engl.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 251. 1982. Reekmans refers to this plant as a tree, 6 m. tall, and found it in (green) fruit in March. Additional citations: BURUNDI: Reekmans 5829 (N). 134 P: HS¥ tf OF L OF GAL FA Vol. 52, No. 2 VITEX FLORIDULA Duchass. & Walp. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 251. 1982. Correa & Dressler describe this plant as a tree, 30 feet tall, with "blue-violet" corollas, and found it in full anthesis in March. Additional citations: PANAMA: Panam4: Correa & Dressler 829 (N). VITEX GAMOSEPALA W. Griff. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 253, 260, & 276. 1982. Geesink and his associates refer to this plant as a tree, 5 m. tall, with both "yellow" corollas and black fruit in June, and found it growing in evergreen forests on sandstone hills, at 50 m. altitude. Additional citations: THAILAND: Geesink, Hattink, & Charoen- phol 7390 (Ac). VITEX GAUMERI Greenn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 254. 1982. Nélson and his associates refer to this species as a tree, 20 m. tall, and found it in fruit in June, recording for it the ver- nacular name, "barrabds". Additional citations: HONDURAS: Comayagua: Nelson, Vargas, Alduvin, & Pereira 3607 (Ld). VITEX GLABRATA R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 505 (1911) and imp. 5, 505. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 254-- 255° 66267, 1982). The Fox collection, cited below, was originally distributed as A. parviflora A. L. Juss. and later cited by me, erroneously, as V. quinata var. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. The Yates 1609, distributed as V. glabrata, actually is V. turczaninowii f£. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. Additional & emended citations: THAILAND: Congdon 591 (Ac). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Fox 99 [Philip. Nat. Herb. 4706] (Mi). VITEX GRANDIFOLIA Glirke Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 458 (1981) and 49: 464. 1981. Additional citations: LIBERIA: Blickenstaff 18 (Mi); Daniel 331 (Mi). NIGERIA: J. G. Smith 431 (Mi). VITEX GRISEA var. DEKINDTIANA (Glirke) Pieper Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 45: 488. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 234 & 590. 1980. VITEX GUERKEANA var. GOSSWEILERI Pieper Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 45: 488. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 234 & 590. 1980. 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 135 VITEX GUIANENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 45: 488. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 123 & 590. 1980. VITEX HEPTAPHYLLA A. L. Juss. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 250 & 256--257. 1982. The Liogiers refer to this plant as a tree, 8--10 m. tall, with spreading branches, "blue" corollas, and yellow fruit, and encountered it in flower and fruit in May, growing on lateritic soil. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Liogier & Liogier 26676 (N). VITEX KUYLENII Standl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 258 & 264. 1982. Dwyer refers to this species as a tree, 6 m. tall, and found it with purple-black fruit in July. Additional citations: BELIZE: Dwyer 14843 (Ld). VITEX LEANDRII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 46: 12. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 252 & 591. 1980. VITEX LEBRUNI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 46: 12. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 221 & 591. 1980. VITEX LEHMBACHII Glirke Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 46: 12 & 21. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 215 & 591. 1980. VITEX LEUCOXYLON L. f. Additional & emended bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 392. 1802; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 504 (1911) and imp. 5, 504. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 259, 339, & 347. 1982. The wirawan, Cooray, & Balakrishnan 9l4a sheet in the University of Michigan herbarium, a number cited by me from other herbaria as typical y. leucoxylon, seems definitely to represent f. zeylanica (Mold.) Mold. On the other hand, the leaflets on the Michigan sheet of Saldanha 13175 are definitely too large for f. zeylanica. Additional & emended citations: INDIA: Karnataka: Ramamoorthy & Gandhi H.F.P. 2764 (Mi); Saldanha 13009 (Mi), 13175 (Mi), 16745 (Mi). VITEX LEUCOXYLON f£. ZEYLANICA (Mold.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 259. 1982. The Saldanha 13175 specimen in the University of Michigan her- barium seems to be typical V. leucoxylon L. f., rather than the present form. Additional & emended citations: SRI LANKA: Fosberg, Mueller- Dombois, Wirawan, Cooray, & Balakrishnan 51081 (Mi); Wirawan, Cooray, 136 PlHSY VLAORLAOnGereA Vol. 52, Now 2 & Balakrishnan 914 (Mi), 9l4a in part (Mi). VITEX LIMONIFOLIA Wall. Additional & emended bibliography: Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 504 (1911) and imp. 5, 504. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 259. 1982. VITEX LOKUNDJENSIS Pieper Synonymy: Vitex lukundjensis Pieper ex Mold., Phytologia 51: 260, sphalm. 1982. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 260. 1982. VITEX LOKUNDJENSIS var. KRUCKEI Pieper Additional synonymy: Vitex lukundjensis var. kruckei Pieper ex Mold., Phytologia 51: 260, sphalm. 1982. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 260. 1982. VITEX LUCENS T. Kirk Additional & emended bibliography: Hook., Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 419/420. 1842; Stafleu & Cowan, Taxon. Lit., ed. 2, 294--295. 1979; Mold., Phytologia 51: 260--261. 1982. Emended illustrations: Hook., Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 419/420. 1842. The Hooker (1842) plate is sometimes erroneously cited as "1519/1620" and dated "1844". Orchard found this tree in full fruit in October. Additional citations: NEW ZEALAND: North: Cooper & Nickerson 6230 (W--2947672); MacDaniels P.563 (It); Orchard 3540 (Ba-- 370074). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook., Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 419/420 (Ba--380420). VITEX NEGUNDO L. Additional & emended bibliography: Feur., Fl. Cochinch., ed. 1, 23 390——-392.. 1790; Will. in L., Sp. Pill., ed. 4) 35@)eeSgor 1802; Miq., Journ. Bot. Néerl. 1: 115. 1861; Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo 2: 270, pl. 10, fig. 17. 1895; Brandis, In- dian Trees, imp. 3, 503--504. 1911; Bakh. in White, Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 264. 1929; Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 23: 233. 1933; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 503--504. 1971; Ever- ett, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Didlust. Encyel. Hort. 10: 351408 3515. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 51: 247, 264--266, 276, 331, 337, 339, 343--345, 347, & 349--351. 1982. Additional & emended illustrations: Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo 2: pl. 10, fig. 17. 1895; Everett, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Illust. Encycl. Hort. 10: 3514. 1982. Shirasawa (1895) describes the winter characteristics of this plant as "Knospen sind unter der Blattachsel verborgen, so dass mann die Zahl der BlY¥ttchen nicht wahrnemen kann, graubraun fil- zig behaart. Die einj¥hrigen Zweige viereckig, graubraun, erade u. lang. Blattnarbe sichelfUrmig. Lent. klein, deutlich. Mark 4 kantig."" He records the vernacular Japanese name, "ninjinboku". The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Lei 700, "bluish" on Taam 1728, "violet" on Keng 1632, "purple" on Chan 1084 and 1982 Moldenke, Notes on yitex 137 Wang 32749, “white with purple spots inside" on Chan 1074, "purplish-white with deep purple" on Chun & Tso 43701, and "blue, white" on Gressitt 461. Everett (1982) says that "Most vitexes thrive in a wide variety of soils so long as they are not excessively wet....All like warm, sunny locations. Although no regular pruning is necessary, some vitexes, including the chaste tree and V. negundo and their varieties, can be kept fairly low by severe pruning each spring just before new growth begins. The treatment consists of cutting back last year's branches to within an inch or two of their bases and completely eliminating enough of these to preclude overcrowd- ing of the new shoots. Vitexes have long, stringy roots and therefore do nor transplant readily. When they are moved it is important to retain as many roots as possible and to cut the tops back severely. In the north, spring is the best time to trans- plant. Propagation is easy by summer cuttings under mist or ina greenhouse or cold frame propagating bed, by layering, and by seed. The seed may be sown indoors in winter or in a cold frame in spring." The Wan & Chow 79016, distributed as typical V. negundo, actu- ally is var. cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-—Mazz. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Comanor 778 (Mi). CHINA: Fukien: P'ei 2753 (Mi). Kiangsu: Keng 1632 (Mi). Kwangtung: Tsui 617 (Mi). Szechuan: Fang 9277 (Mi). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Chun & Tso 43701 (Mi); Lei 700 (Mi); Wang 32749 (Mi). HONG KONG: Chan 1074 (Mi), 1084 (Mi); Taam 1728 (Mi). TAIWAN: Gressitt 461 (Mi); Tanaka & Shimada 17878 (Mi). VITEX NEGUNDO var. CANNABIFOLIA (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-—Mazz. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 265--266. 1982. Additional citations: CHINA: Kwangsi: Wan & Chow 79016 (Ac). VITEX NEGUNDO var. HETEROPHYLLA (Franch.) Rehd. Additional bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 392. 1802; Everett, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Illust. Encycl. Hort. 10: SDLGvEr 3515." 19825 For Everett's (1982) cultural notes for this plant, see under V. negundo (above). VITEX NEGUNDO var. INTERMEDIA (P'ei) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 265 & 266. 1982. The leaflets on Lau 20133 are almost all toothed. The corollas on Chan 1120 are said to have been "light-purple with darker dots on the lower lobe" when fresh. Additional citations: CHINA: Kiangsi: Chiao 18774 ‘Mi). Kwangtung: Lau 20133 (Mi); Tsui 453 (Mi). Szechuan: Fang 4629 (Mi). HONG KONG: Chan 1120 (Mi). VITEX ORINOCENSIS var. MULTIFLORA (Miq.) Huber Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 269--270 & 280. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 8--18 m. tatl, 138 POHPY ST OSLnOgGrIaA Vol. 52, Wove2 the trunk to 35 cm. in diameter at breast height, the filaments blue, and the anthers dark-blue or purplé, the immature fruit green in November. The corollas are said to have been "lilac with yellow centers" on Dalj & al, 1388 and "pétalas azul p4lidas, labelo azul mais escuro com linhas brancas (guias para néctar) passando dentro da garganta de corola, tubo de corola lilds" on Nelson 734. They have found it growing in sandy soil, flowering and fruiting in November. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Acre: B. Nelson 734 (N). Pard: Daly, Callejas, Silva, Taylor, Rosario, & Santos 1385 (Ld), 1388 (Ld). VITEX PARVIFLORA A. L. Juss. Additional bibliography: Everett, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Illust. Encycl. Hort. 10: 3515. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 51: 257, 261, & 270--271. 1982. Chan refers to this plant as a tree, 8 m. tall, and found it in flower and fruit in July, the corollas "purplish-blue, hairy in the throat". Additional citations: HONG KONG: Chan 1135 (Mi). VITEX PEDUNCULARIS Wall. Additional & emended bibliography: Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 505 (1911) and imp. 5, 505. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 271. 1982. Additional citations: CAMBODIA: Pierre 549 (Mi). VITEX PINNATA L. Additional synonymy: Vitex glabrata Ridl., in herb. [not Vv. glabrata Blume, 1956, not R. Br., 1810, nor F. Muell., 1895, nor sensu Kaneh., 1979]. Additional & emended bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 391 & 393. 1802; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 504 (1911) and imp. 5, 504. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 51: 272--273. 1982. The Shimizu & al. collection, cited below, exhibits no bracts at all in the inflorescence, but I assume that because of its ad- vanced stage of growth they were there but have since fallen off. Additional citations: THAILAND: Congdon 30 (Ac), 211 (Ac)3 Geesink, Hattink, & Charoenphol 7294 (Ac); Shimizu, Toyokuni, Koyama, Yahara, & Santisuk T.18006 (Ac). VITEX PSEUDOLEA Rusby Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 273. 1982. The VargaS 17755, distributed as V. pseudolea, is not verbena- ceous. VITEX PYRAMIDATA B. L. Robinson Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 273--274. 1982. Oliver and his associates describe this plant as a tree, 6 m. tall, with "blue" corollas and "fruit 2-seeded by abortion". 1982 Moldenke, Notes on vyitex 139 They encountered it on sandy rocky hillsides at 5300 feet alti- tude, in flower and fruit in July. Additional citations: MEXICO: Jalisco: Oliver, Verhoek- Williams, & Andreasen 667 (Ld). VITEX QUINATA (Lour.) F. N. Williams Additional & emended synonymy: Cornutia quinata Lour., Fl. Cochinch., ed. 1, 2: 2: 387. 1790. Vitex rotundifolia var. heterophylla (Roxb.) Mak., in herb. Additional & emended bibliography: Lour., Fl. Cochinch., ed. l, 2: 387. 1790; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 504. 1911; Mak., Il- lust. Fl. Nipp. 186. 1940; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 504. 1971; Everett, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Illust. Encycl. Hort. 10: 3515. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 51: 268, 274, & 282. 1982. The alleged Makino trinomial, listed in the synonymy (above), apparently based on v. heterophylla Roxb., is obviously based on a misinterpretation of Makino's v. rotundifélia var. heterophylla published in his Illust. Fl. Nipp. (1940). which actually is a synonym of y. trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Mold., although. it has by some authors been applied to what we now call V. tri- folia var. simplicifolia Cham. It has nothing to do with V. quinata. The Curran collection, cited below, is sterile and exhibits some unifoliolate leaves, although most of its leaves are 4-folio- late. It is placed here tentatively because it does not seem to be v. turczaninowii Merr., as previously determined. The same is true of Merrill 2196, also cited below, with is small, short in- florescences and small, shiny leaves. The Ching 5552, Herb. Can- ton Chr. Coll. 12613, Keng 1369, and Pételot 963, cited below, were previously erroneously cited by me as var. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. Additional & emended citations: CHINA: Kwangsi: Ching 5552 (W--1248671). Kwangtung: Peng, Tak, & Kin s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 12613] (W--1248228). VIETNAM: Tonkin: Pételot 963 (W-- 1759227). TAIWAN: Keng 1369 (W--2035969). PHILIPPINE ISLS.: Luzon: Curran, Philip. Forest Bur. 10338 (W--708781); (W--437144). VITEX RAPINI f. DENTATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 49: 460. 1981. Baumann describes this plant as an “Arbuste de 2 m, forme de jeunesse" and found it growing in the "Maquis serpentineux de mon- tagne" at 900 m. altitude. Additional citations: NEW CALEDONIA: Baumann 8243 (W--2934930). VITEX SIAMICA F. N. Will. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 275--276 & 344. 1982. Congdon ‘describes this plant as a tree with light-brown bark, the inner bark reddish-brown, the corolla 2-lipped, with yellow in the throat, the stamens 4, 2 long and 2 short, the anthers black, and the style as long as the stamens, bifid at the tip, and found the plant in flower in July, growing on limestone. 140 PBT OF LAO"GY TA: Vol. 52, Noraz Additional citations: THAILAND: Congdon 733 (Ac). VITEX SPRUCEI Briq. Additional bibliography: Sandw., Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1930: 157. 1930; Mold., Phytologia 51: 278. 1982. VITEX STAHELII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 248, 278--280, & 289. 1982. Gonzalez tefers to this plant as a tree, 12--15 m. tall, and found it in fruit in August, growing at 400 m. altitude. Mater- ial has been misidentified in herbaria as possibly representing something in the Caryocaraceae or the Euphorbiaceae. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Falcdén: A. Gonzdlez 1094 (E-- 2735465). VITEX TRICHANTHA J. G. Baker Additional synonymy: Vitex trichanthera J. G. Baker ex Mold., Phytologia 51: 286, sphalm. 1982. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 286. 1982. VITEX TRIFLORA Vahl Additional bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 390. 1802; Mold., Phytologia 51: 259, 280, & 286--290. 1982. VITEX TRIFLORA var. KRAATZII Huber Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 330. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a "shrub or coarse herb to 1 m. tall" [Daly & al. 951], "“procumbent vine" [Daly «& al. 1107], small tree to 5 m. tall [Calderdn & al. 2804]. or even taller, and have found it growing on terra firme in rain- forests and in the disturbed edges of campinarana, in flower in July and October, and in (green) fruit in October. The corolla is said to have been "lilac" on Calderén & al. 2804 and "purple & white with purple streaks in the interior" on Daly & al. 951. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some her- baria as V. trifolia L. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Para: Daly, Callejas, Silva, Taylor, Rosario, & Santos 951(1d), 1107 (ld). Rondonia: Calder- On, Monteiro, & Guedes 2804 (Ld). VITEX TRIFOLIA L. Additional & emended bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 392. 1802; Miq., Journ. Bot. Néerl. 1: 115. 1861; Powell in Seem., Journ. Bot. 6: 359. 1868; Horne, Year Fiji 269. 1881; Drake del Castillo, Illust. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. 260. 1892; Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo 2: 270. 1895; Brandis, In- dian Trees, imp. 3, 504. 1911; Masamune, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 22: 220 & 224. 1932; Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 23: 233. 1933; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 504. 1971; Hsiao, Fl. Taiwan 4: 434. 1978; Lord, Trees Shrubs Austral. Gard., ed. 5, 232 & 321. 1978; Everett, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Illust. 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 141 Encycl. Hort. 10: 3514--3515. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 51: 330-- 355. 1982. Additional illustrations: Hatusima & Yoshinaga, Bull. Fac. Agr. Kagosh. Univ. 2: 109, pl. 15, fig. 2. 1970. Powell (1868) records the vernacular name, "namulega", for this plant in Samoa, while Hu (1981) lists "ching-tzu", "man- ching-tzu", and "seashore vitex" in China, where it is known as "Fructus Viticis" in materia medica. Bolkhovskikh (1969) records the chromosome numbers as 26, 32, and 34. This discrepancy may possibly be due to the use of ma- terial representing not only the typical form of the species, but also some of the varieties or even of related species. The mat- ter certainly needs further more careful cytologic study after the identity of the material used is carefully determined by a specialist in the group, with the preservation, in all cases, of herbarium vouchers! It is perhaps worth noting that the Masamune (1932) reference in the bibliography (above) is sometimes cited as "121: 220 & 221", but the volume number is "22" -- "121" is merely the issue number. The Daly & al. 951, distributed as V. trifolia, actually is V. triflora var. kraatzii Huber, while A. C. Smith 6610 is V. trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Mold. VITEX TRIFOLIA var. BICOLOR (Willd.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 338--340 & 343-- 352. 1982. Stone & Streimann refer to this plant as a "crooked little tree on beaches" on Manus island, with "lilac" corollas in June. Additional citations: BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO: Manus: Stone & Streimann LAE.53720 (W--2917623). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SIMPLICIFOLIA Chan. Additional & emended bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 390. 1802; Miq., Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 115. 1861; Drake del Castillo, Illust. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. 260. 1892; Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo 2: 270. 1895; C. K. Schneid., Dendrol. Winterstud. 188, 198, 201, & 267, fig. 191 a--g. 1903; Masamune, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 22: 220 & 224. 1932; Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 23: 233. 1933; Masa- mune, Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 11, Bot. 4: 388. 1934; Takenouchi, Journ. Nat. Hist. Fukuoka 2: 15. 1936; Mak., Illust. Fl. Nipp. 186, fig. 558. 1940; Jinno, Jap. Journ. Genet. 31 (5): 147--150. 1956; Everett, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Illust. Encycl. Hort. 10: 3515. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 51: 339, 341, 344, & 352--355. 1982. Additional & emended illustrations: Shirasawa, Jap. Laubh. Winterstud. 2: 270. 1895; Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 654, fig. 609. 1936; Mak., Illust. Fl. Nipp. 186, fig. 558. 1940; Liu, Illust. Nat. Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 1231. 1962; Pope, Man. Wayside Pl. 196, pl. 111 (in part). 1968; Hatusima & Yoshi- naga, Bull. Fac. Agr. Kagosh. Univ. 2: 109, pl. 15, fig. 3. 1970; 142 P HeYs Tt O2LuOnGar, A Vol. 52, No. 2 Mold. in Menninger, Flow. Vines [335] & 339, ph. 285 & 286. 1970; Huang, Pollen Fl. Taiwan 163, fig. 15--17. 1972; M. R. Henderson, Malay. Wild Fls. Dicot. 1: 387, fig. 357. 1974. Henderson (1974) describes this plant well: "A creeping shrub with long runners, rooting from the stems and flowering on short, upright, leafy shoots, leaves rather variable in size, but usually rather small and broad, widest at or above the middle, tip rounded or sometimes broadly pointed, base tapered, from less than 1/2 in. long and about 1/4 in. to 11/2 in. wide, upper surface pale green, lower surface ashy grey, leaf-stalk abéut 1/4 in. long, flowers in narrow inflorescences up to about 5 in. long from the ends of the upright shoots, calyx about 1/8 in. long, grey, with 5 very short teeth, corolla nearly 1/2 in. long, lilac blue, 2- lipped, stamens 4, fruit a round, black berry [actually a drupe] nearly 1/4 in. long, surrounded by the enlarged [fruiting-] calyx, which eventually splits along one side. On sandy sea- shores." Backer & Bakhuizen‘(1965) say: "All leaves simple or consisting of 1 (whether or not deeply incised) leaflet. Stem creeping, copiously rooting from the nodes, emitting many erect, short, flowering branchlets; panicle terminal, narrow, 1--9 cm. long; cymes (lower often in upper leaf-axils) on a 1--4 cm long peduncle, 1--4-flowered; corolla bluish violet, inside (from the insertion of the stamens up to half the length of the lower lip) densely white-hairy; tube c. 3/4 cm; median segment of lower lip c. 1/2 cm; bases of filaments villous; drupe globose, dry, black, c. 1/2 cm diam.; pyrene corky. Leaves oval-elliptic-obovate, obtuse or subrotundate, entire or a few of them 2--3-partite, densely white-tomentose especially on the lower surface, 1 1/2 -- 4 1/2 cm; petiole 1 1/2 -- 31/2 cm. 0.06--0.30 (height; length 1--2 m)."" He states that in Java it blooms throughout the year. Shirasawa (1895) describes its winter characters as "Knospen klein, etwas entfernt oberhalb der Blattnarbe stehend, grau be- haart. Die jllngeren Theile der Zweige dicht behaart wie mit Sammet bekleidet, graubraun, 4 bis 5 kantig. Mark weit, eckig. Kriech- ender Strauch nicht aufrech stehend." Miquel (1861) found it growing along roadsides in Fukien, "avec des fleurs bleues", along with V. negundo L. Van Steenis (1957), after a summation of the history of this taxon in taxonomic bot- any (as quoted by me in Phytologia 17: 115. 1968), continues as follows: "The conclusion in my opinion is therefore that it is a clearcut ecological (littoral) race, exclusive of the V. trifolia population. It should therefore be assigned subspecific rank which is accordingly proposed here. I have chosen a new name in the subspecific rank as the epithet ovata is misleading and the varietal epithets do not refer to its peculiar habitat. The tech- nical description runs: rami prostrati, radicantes. Folia sim- plicia, obovata, rotundata. Type: Bloembergen 3894 (L)." He gives its distribution as determined by specimens in the Leiden herbarium as "Japan: Nagasaki, Yokohama. China: Hongkong. Malay- sia: Malay Peninsula: Kuala Kemamam, K. Pahang, K. Trengganu, Pahang Tua, Corner l.c.; Banka; W. Borneo: Dunselman l.c.; S. Java; 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 143 Patjitan; Madura Isl.: Sergang; Salayer Isl.; Sila Isl.; Mangoli; Lesser Sunda Isl.: Savu, Kisar, Timor; S. New Guinea: Merauke; Philippines: Luzon (Camarines Norte pr. Daet, Zambales pr. Subig, Batangas pr. Bauang), Mindoro, Panay (Antique), Sibuyan (Capiz Pr. Magellanes); Pacific: Bonin Isl. (Rurutu, pr. Murai), Hawaii (Oahu) ." Recent collectors describe the plant as a prostrate, decumbent, procumbent, creeping, or sprawling to ascending or even erect shrub, rarely scandent ["tangled prostrate vine"; "aromatic vine lying flat on the shore"], 0.5--2 m. tall, densely gray-white puberulent throughout, very aromatic; stems issuing from a root- stock, woody, to 2 cm. in diameter, rooting at the nodes, some- times forming large woody mats; branches tetragonal, elongate, the ultimate flowering ones and the twigs ascending to erect; leaves grayish or gray-green to blue-green, aromatic, often covered by salt spray, the blades herbaceous, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, succulent, 2--5 cm. long, 1.5--3 cm. wide, api- cally obtuse or rounded, marginally entire, basally abruptly a- cute, green or deep-green and thinly puberulent above, densely whitish- or grayish-puberulent or "frosted-white" beneath; pan- icle terminal, 4--7 cm. long, dense-flowered, with very short branches; flowers very pretty and attractive, opening late in the afternoon; corolla about 13 mm. long, the tube 8 mm. long, externally covered by white hairs, the face 15 m. in diameter from lower to upper lip, the lower lip very much the larger; stamens 4; anthers sagittate, purple; pollen white; style 15 m. long; fruit small, globose, 5--7 mm. wide, basally enclosed by the persistent fruiting-calyx, greenish-white to black or brown. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Hallier 4230d, Liang 64027, Maconochie 525, Sinclair 7526, Sivarajan 485 & 485a, Stoddart 4815, and Webster & al. 13843, "light-blue" on Hallier 4230a and Koyama 7311, "lilac-blue" (Henderson, 1974), "lavender-blue" on Hyland K.470, "blue-violet" on Fosberg 37605, "bluish-purple" on Fosberg 53663 and Hatheway & Caindec 139, "bluish-purple with a white patch at the center of the lower tip" on Hu 12286, "pale-lilac" on Chippendale 8159, "lilac" on Blake 22530 and Stoddart 4189, "light-violet or bluish-lavender" on Fosberg 36971, “lavender-purple" on Fosberg 27125, "purplish" on Herbst & Spence 5733, “light-purple" on Hu 5894 and Koyama 7043, "purple" on Beauchamp 932, Cowan 1060, Hiroe 14502, Perry 1223, Soepadmo KLU.9116, and Stoddart 5074, "lavender" on Hu 8635 and Specht 677, "violet" on Dress 1518 and Fosberg 38583, "dark- blue within and light-coerulean blue outside" on Hallier 4230, "the tube gray-blue outside, limb and inside of tube lavender-blue" on Biegel 3949, and "lower lip rich-violet with two short white vertical stripes at the throat, the other petals violet" on Iltis H.301. Collectors have found the plant growing along shores in sand and sun, on sandy seashores and dunes, in strand areas, on sand cays, on the seaward parts of dunes, on sand-dune "foreshores" on sand in grass cover, in stabilized sand areas behind dutteds | on sandy flats among grass with no shrubs present, on concrete dams, 144 PEE Yor 0} O8Grh A Vol. 52, No. 2 and along rocky roadsides, from sealevel to 10 m. altitude, in flower from March to October and December, in fruit in January, July, October, and November. Suauki & Nakanishi (1971) report finding the plant on stable sandy beaches with Calystegia soldanella, Ixeris repens, and Carex kokomugi. Ohwi (1965) reports it from "sandy places by the sea" on Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Korea, Taiwan, the Bonin Is- lands, and the Ryukyu Islands to southern Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Australia. Fosberg reports it "occasional on limestone rocks in low beach scrub", "common at edge of littoral scrub", "in sand near top of beach", and "common in edges of beach scrub on sand ridges back of beaches". Koyama refers to it as "Forming thickets with other shrubs along rivers" and as "quite common on sand dunes. forming long pure stands". Beauchamp encountered it "in sand at upper edge of beach". It often grows among Ipomoea pes-caprae. On the island of Oahu the Degeners describe it as "pressing toward the ocean and being re- pulsed by winter storm waves", while Stone found it “on rocky slopes and sand on rocky shores with tidepools, Acetabularia in the pools. Soepadmo refers to it as inhabiting "sandy soil of dry open lands" in Malaya. Stoddard describes it as a "common woody herb", "prostrate creeper", "common in tern colonies on bare ground of sand cays", and "occasional on seaward beach crests" in the Great Barrier Reef, but "uncommon" on Fife Island. Hatheway & Caindec describe it as "sometimes erect, sometimes decumbent, 1--3 feet tall, dominant in lea of large dunes" on Oahu. Common and vernacular names recently reported include “agubarao", “agubarau", "beach vitex", "ching-tau", "creeping vitex", "daldaldki", "dangl4-ti-baybai", "dungld4", "hai-po'-kiu", "hamago", "hamago" [=beach creeper], "hama-sikimi", "hogagii", "hogi", "king- tsse", "kolokolo-kahakai", "kon‘ti sorn talay", "lagundf-ddgat", "lagunding dagat" [lagundi = V. trifolia, dagat = ocean], "lagunding-gapang", "manawanawa", “manawanewa", "man-ching", "man- ching-tat", "man-ching-tsu", "oval-leaved chaste-tree", "péh-po'- kiu", "pohinahina", "polinalina", "seashore vitex", "simple-leaf chaste-tree", "simple-leaf shrub chaste-tree", "Taiwan-hamago", and "vitex que serpea". Huang (1972) describes the pollen grains as prolate to prolate- spheroidal, 27--40 x 19--33 mu, based on Huang 4177, while Ikuse (1956) gives the dimensions as 27--29 x 30--32 mu. Jinneo (1956) gives the chromosome number as 32, and in this Chuang & al. (1963) concur. Sweet (1826, 1830) avers that the variety was introduced into cultivation in England in 1796 from China. Merrill (1918) states that "This species is not uncommon on sandy beaches along the seashore, and is widely distributed in the Phil- ippines." [to be continued] A NEW SPECIES OF LABORDIA (LOGANIACEAE) HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 115 Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819, USA The genus Labordia (Loganiaceae), as now known, has 2% species and 59 variations in the Hawaiian Islands. They are trees or shrubs of the rain forests, and are found on all of the larger islands of the group. The present novelty was discovered mthe swampy, forested summit of the crest of the Waianae Mountains of Oahu. Labordia nervosa sp. nov. (sect. Rabdolia). Fig. l. Diagnosis Holotypi: Frutex 2.3 m altus est, novellis hirsutis, ramulis glabratis, stipulis 3-4 mm longis late ellipticis intrapetiolaribus, petiolis 4-8 mm longis, laminis 4.3-8 X 1.4-3.3 cm subcoriaceis fusiformibus supra glabris infra pallidis et in nervis curvate hirsutis, floribus 1-2 in axilibus superis, pedicellis 4-5 mm longis dimidio apicali hispido, calyci- bus 15-17 mm longis tubo 3 mm longo hispido, lobis 12-14 mm longis late ellipticis praesertim in basi hispidis, corollis 27 mm longis luteis tubo 17 mm longo, 5 lobis 8 mm longis lineari-lanceolatis, fil- amentis 1 mm longis, antheris 2 mm longis lineari-el- lipsoideis. Description of Holotype: Shrub 2.3 m tall; young shoots hirsute; branchlets angular, glabrate; inter- nodes 12-45 mm long, square, glabrate; nodes enlarg- ed; leaf scars 4 mm wide, hemispheric, pale brown, elevated; bundle scars 5, small; stipules 3-4 mm long, broadly elliptic, intrapetiolar; petioles 4-8 mm long, early glabrate, channeled above; blades 4.3-8 X 1.4-3.3 cm, subcoriaceous, fusiform in outline, 145 146 Pb YsT 0) LeOvGr yA Vol. 52, No. 2 subacuminate, above dark green, smooth, glabrous, below pale greenish, curving hirsute on the veins, secondary veins 9-10 in each half, curved ascending; flowers 1-2 in upper axils; pedicel 4-5 mm long, hispid on the apical half; calyx 15-17 mm long, the tube 3 mm long, funnel- form, densely hispid, the lobes 12-14 mm long, leaf- like, broadly elliptic, subacute, densely hispid at base, and sparsely so up the ascending veins, within hispid on the basal half; corolla 27 mm long, yellow, the tube 17 mm long; 5 lobes 8 mm long, linear lanceolate; ovary 7 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid; stigma 3 mm long, ellipsoid; stamens borne in the sinuses between the corolla lobes; filaments 1 mm long; anthers 2 mm long, linear ellipsoid. Holotypus: Hawaiian Islands, Oahu, Waianae Mts., Mt. Kaala, near summit, 4,000 ft alt., Aug. 14 1927, L. H. MacDaniels 931 (BISH). Discussion: L. nervosa is a member of the section Rabdolia, as is its closest relatve, L. glabra Hbd., var. latisepala Sherff, of east Maui, a var. with the stems glabrous; stipules 1-1.5 mm long; petioles 12-14 mm long; blades 5-7 X 2-2.4 cm, narrowly fusiform in out- line; pedicel 3 mm long, glabrous; calyx 8 mm long, the tube 1.5 mm long, the lobes 6-7 mm long, glabrous, only the midrib evident; and the corolla 14-15 mm long, the tube 8 mm long, sparsely hirsute. L. nervosa has the branchlets at first hirsute, then glabrate; stip- ules 3-4 mm long; petioles 4-8 mm long; blades 4.3-8 X 1.4-3.3 cm, fusiform in outline; pedicel 4-5 mm long, hispid on the apical half; calyx 15-17 mm long, the tube 3 mm long, the lobes 12-14 mm long, the midrib and 6 lateral veins conspicuous; and the corolla 27 mm long, the tube 17 mm long, glabrous The epithet nervosa refers to the nerved calyx lobes. 1982 St. John, A new species 147 LEGEND Fig. 1. Labordia nervosa St. John, from holotype. ay hast, X 1; b, flower, X 3; Cc, OVdary,, x 10; BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "A COUNTRYMAN'S FLOWERS" by Hal Borland with photographs by Les Line, xiii & 187 pp., 85 color photo pl. Borzoi Books by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10022. 9825 9S22250- What beautiful, soul-satisfying, nature appreciative, and both thought-stimulating and mind-pacifying feelings reward the viewer of these 85 paired essays and photographs of the chosen blooms from the southern limits of the Berkshire Mountains near the Housatonic River! They are grouped as those around the doorway, along the roadside, in the old pasture and by the bog and brook- side. The left hand page gives the common and scientific names, often the family and/or common familial relatives and some de- scriptive and use notes presented in charming fashion. If I did not enjoy poring over this book so long I might not have noticed such tiny flaws as the printing of the Houstonia caerulea picture without its characteristic sky-blue corolla color and the black-eyed-susan, originally from the prairie states, mis-named Rudbeckia hirta instead of its now accepted name, R. serotina. What a lovely gift prospect this book is, either to give or to receive! "WOOD IDENTIFICATION HANDBOOK: Commercial Woods_of the United States" by Marshall S. White, 80 pp., 46 b/w fig. & photo., 32 tab. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, New York 10017. {[1981]] 1982. $9.95. "This [useful] handbook describes a reliable method of differ- entiating between woods using only the characteristics of the wood itself" seen in cross-section with an ordinary hand lens and which can be smelled, tasted or felt. For 32 woods prominent in the lumber industry of the United States the common and sci- entific names are given and the ranges, uses and identifying wood features are described. An ingenious illustrated wood identifi- cation key is also provided. Obviously this book should prove valuable to those in the lumber and furniture businesses - espec-— ially to buyers - and also to wood hobbyists, antique dealers, museum curators, etc. Advertized with this book is a wood iden- tification kit of actual wood samples sized 5/8" x 1 3/4"-x 4" and corresponding to the 30 photos and descriptions in the text. They would offer texture and color to aid recognition. 148 1982 Moldenke, Book reviews 149 "PLANT AND INSECT MYCOPLASMA TECHNIQUES" edited by M. L. Daniels & P. G. Markham, 369 pp., 54 b/w photo., 7 fig. & 25 tab. Croom Helm Ltd., London SW1l1 & Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10158. 1982. $49.95. "Only 14 years have passed since the first publication appeared which implicated mycoplasmas as agents of plant disease", such as clover phyllody, peach and aster yellows, and corn stunt. All these are members of Class Mollicutes and Order Mycoplasmatales with its 3 families. The electron microscope shows better than the light one the helices that determine shapes, and a single chromo- some, ribosomes and granular material. The only membrane is an enzymatically active cell one in these wall-less prokaryotes. They seem to have a “very wide distribution in nature"; some pathogens, many harmless, some possibly beneficial to the hosts, some free-living, and many in arthropods serving as reservoirs. To date, breeding for resistance to M L 0 (mycoplasma-like organisms) diseases is an attractive proposition that "has met with little suc- cess so far". Among the 11 chapters by different authors are also some on insect vectors, physicochemical and serological character- izations, culture media and methods. This book provides a food general and practical introduction to this topic. "THE GARDEN OF EDEN - The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise" by John Prest, ii & 122 pp., 8 color pl. & 72 half- tones. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. 1982). $25.00. This is a fascinating, beautifully presented and carefully re- searched study of the nature and purpose of the great European Botanic Gardens, such as those in Padua, London, Montpellier, Ox- ford, Paris and Uppsala. Typically rectangular, walled, provided with a central spring and subdivided, they showed by families all kinds of plants that could grow there from Europe, Asia, Africa and the then newly discovered New World. The explorers were seri- ously hunting also for the original Garden of Eden that was be- lieved to have been saved from destruction by the Flood. When continued search proved fruitless, "man began to think, instead, in terms of bringing the scattered pieces of creation together into a Botanic Garden, or a new Garden of Eden." It was not until quite some time later "that in the Botanic Garden, one stands in the presence of the beginnings of modern science, the collection of data, and the patient, detailed observation of causes and their effects." Probably because the author is an historian and not a botanist the first letter in the generic name of Artemisia vulgaris and of a few other genus names is not capitalized. Similarly the apricot was not even considered as a likely candidate for the for- bidden fruit offered to Adam. 150 P Bev TO. LeOrG ixvA Vol. 52, Now 2 "SOCIAL INSECTS" Volume I edited by Henry R. Hermann, xv & 437 pp., 81 b/w fig., 35 photo., & 21 tab. Academic Press. Inc., Publishers, New York, N. Y. 10003. 1979. $44.50. This is a very fine study composed of 8 papers collating "the works of modern researchers working in the field of insect socio- biology.....particularly through genetic, behavioral and evolution- ary pathways" with the introductory survey paper by the editor. "Ensociality tends to occur more consistently than presociality throughout taxonomic categories, such as families and superfam- ilies, and usually involves the development of structural features that indicate degrees of social behavior. It exists throughout the order Isoptera [single ancient origin] and in some families of the hymenopterous superfamilies Vespoidea and Apoidea [more diverse and of several origins], as well as in all Formicoidea." Territorial manifestations in social insects are mostly at the colony level, providing such concepts of social ethology as "supraorganism". There are three chapters with many descriptive details on Caste Differentiation and Division of Labor, on Genetics of Sociality and on Larvae of the Social Hymenoptera. The last paper is on Social and Evolutionary Significance of Social Insect~Symbionts, "many of whom have found many ways to exploit the social releasers of the societtés....[which] include the use of chemicals for appeasement and adoption and.......Was- mannian [tactile] mimicry." "THE BOOK OF CALENDARS" edited by Frank Parise, vi & 387 pp., Facts on File, New York, N. Y. 10016. 1982. $29.95. This is encyclopedic information almost impossible to find in toto in any good modern encyclopedia in any language: therefore its great value on the end of encyclopedia shelves in school libraries, etc. When early peoples passed from primitive stages of reckoning orally or mentally the passing of seasons to re- cording measures of time for agricultural, business, governmen- tal, domestic, ritual and other reasons, lunar and/or solar based calendars were established. "The Chinese calendar is the longest unbroken sequence of time measurement in history. Its epoch is said to be 2953 B.C." It has been adopted by the Koreans and the Japanese. About two dozen ancient calendars -- such as Babylonian, Macedonian, Hebrew, Armenian, Islamic, Zoroasterian, Early North European -- are all described and then in conversion tables equated with the Julian and then the modern Gregorian date equivalents. The bulk of the book consists of these tables. There are interesting accounts of the interim French Revolution- ary Calendar with 12 D'Eglantine named months such as ventor, floreal, fructidor, and the interim Soviet Calendar with numbered 5-day weeks followed by one day of rest. 1982 Moldenke, Book reviews EST "ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY" Volume 27 edited by Thomas E. Mitt- ler with Frank J. Radovsky & Vincent H. Resh, vi & 503 pp., 9 b/w fig. & 8 tab. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, Cali- fornia 94306. 1982. $22.00 U.S.A. & $25.00 foreign. The 18 papers in this volume cover a wide range of topics, disciplines and approaches, starting with "Spider Courtship and Mating" with the male's double acts of seminal discharge (first semen ejection from a genital pore onto sperm web and then pickup by pedipalps, second semen ejaculation from pedipalps into female during copulation) and continuing with papers on tick cuticle, on mite pests (serious parasites like varroa, photetics and house guests) of the honeybee, on biochemistry of insect venoms, and on "A Perspective on Systems Analysis in Crop Production and Insect Pest Management". There is much important material presented in this volume. "THE WHY AND HOW OF HOME HORTICULTURE" by Darrel R. Bienz, x & 513 pp., 393 b/w fig. & photo., 6 maps & 58 tab. W. H. Freeman & Company, San Francisco, California 94104. 1980. $17.95. This is the very best horticulture book for indoor and outdoor vegetable, fruit, flower and evergreen home gardening. It is planned for the inquisitive for intelligent explanations lead to more effective skills and consequent "green thumb" re- sults. Actually the content of this book was first presented in an "elective, introductory horticulture course for non-majors as distinct from one for students of commercial horticulture." These latter should also appreciate this book for the first 13 explanatory chapters and the 14th, or last, entitled "The Hand- book" with its detailed instructions for gardening procedures. "LIVING WITH PLANTS -- A Gardener's Guide to Practical Botany" by Donna N. Schumann, xx & 327 pp., 214 b/w fig., 181 photo., 13 tab. & 8 maps. Mad River Press, Inc., Eureka, California 95501. 1980. $14.95 paperbound. This is a simple, direct, enthusiastically written botany text, usable in extension courses, in colleges and in the general education courses in botanical gardens. "Since the book is in- tended for non-professional readers, there is no chemistry, physics, or mathematics used in any technical way, and no previous background in botany, agriculture, or horticulture is assumed." A couple of clever cartoons therefore substitutes for the chemi- cal story of gibberellin —» cytokinin —» germination. After an introduction to a plant, soils, seeds, and vegetative propagation, readers are introduced to "the enemy" in the form of insect, nema- tode, fungus, to indoor lighting, to gardening in and out, to pruning and grafting and to landscape planning. 152 P HY, T.0:Le0.6. 1k Vol. 52, No. 2 "ANNUAL REVIEWS OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY" Volume 32 edited by Winslow. R. Briggs with Paul B. Green & Russell L. Jones, viii & 744 pp-, 30 b/w fig. & 12 tab. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, California 94306. 1982. $22.00 U.S.A., $25.00 foreign. The prefatory chapter is a career-oriented autobiography by Philip F. Wareing as he retires from the University College of Wales, U. K. There follow 11 papers clustered around the topics of Molecules and Metabolism, 5 on Organelles and Cells, 3 on Tissues, Organs and Whole Plants, and 3 more on Population and En- vironment. This volume reports well many newer techniques, but correspondingly cannot offer many final answers to detailed questions raised. The full bibliographic information with each paper should be helpful for those readers wishing to study more in depth. "DESERT ANIMALS -- Physiological Problems of Heat and Water" by Knut Schmidt-Nielsen, xix & 277 pp., 8 b/w photo. plates, 51 fig. & 36 tab. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10014. 1979. $5.00 paperback. If the author and title seem familiar, it is because this is a republication of the well received Oxford University Press study first presented in 1964 and then corrected in 1965. The latter edition has been used in unabridged form except for a new, short, helpful preface by the author himself, summarizing "some signifi- cant developments that have taken place since the book was first written." There are also new literature citations "that add new information and increase our understanding of how desert animals function." "In the hot desert the camel exhibits a slow rate of water loss mainly because its fluctuating body temperature and the well-insulated body surface. This slow loss, in combination with an exceptional tolerance to dehydration of the body, permits the camel to withstand water deprivation for longer periods than any other mammal exposed to similarly hot conditions." Man, cer- tain desert cattle, donkey, sheep, a few carnivores, rodents, lagomorphs, marsupials, birds and reptiles have been checked for their respective abilities to maintain their viability in hostile desert environments. The information obtained is very interes- tingly and well presented. [9+] ee <> PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication eee ~—=—S~*~*~*~ The tex-= mination of the rank superor- der: A proposal. Taxon. CRONQUIST, A. 1982. (A review of) The monocotyledons. A com- parative study. Brittonia 34: 267-268. DAHLGREN, R.M.T., and H.T. CLIF- FORD. 1982. The monocotyledons: A comparative study. Academic Press, Inc., London. 378 pp. DAHLGREN, R.M.T., S. ROSENDAL- JENSEN, and B.J. NIELSEN. 1981. A revised classification of the angiosperms with comments on correlation between chemical and other characters, p. 149- 204. In: D.A. Young, and D.S. Seigler (eds.), Phytochemistry and angiosperm phylogeny. Prae- ger Publishers, New York. II. Monocotyledoneae (Lilidae) Y. Alismatanae 80. Hydrocharitales 365. Butomaceae 366. Aponogetonaceae 367. Hydrocharitaceae (Halo- phil., Thalassi., Val- lisneri.) 81. Alismatales 368. Alismataceae (Limno- charit.) 82. Zosterales (Najad., Potamo- geton.) 369. Scheuchzeriaceae 370. Juncaginaceae (Lilae.) 371. Najadaceae 372. Potamogetonaceae (Rup- jopha)) 373. Zosteraceae 374. Posidoniaceae 375. Cymodoceaceae 376. Zannichelliaceae Z. Triuridanae 83. Triuridales 377. Triuridaceae AA. Aranae 84. Arales 378. Araceae (Acor., Pisti.) POY SEO LO; Gera Vol. 52, Noes 379. Lemnaceae BB. Lilianae (Bromeli., Haemo- dor., Ponteder., Tacc., Typh.) 85. Dioscoreales (Tacc.) 380. Dioscoreaceae 381. Stenomeridaceae 382. Trichopodaceae 383. Taccaceae 384. Stemonaceae (Croomi., Roxburghi.) 385. Trillaceae 86. Asparagales (Smilac.) 386. Smilacaceae (Petermanni., Ripogon.) 387. Philesiaceae (Luzuriag.) 388. Geitonoplesiaceae 389. Convallariaceae 390. Asparagaceae 391. Ruscaceae 392. Herreriaceae 393. Dracaenaceae 394. Nolinaceae 395. Doryanthaceae 396. Hanguanaceae 397. Dasypogonaceae 398. Xanthorrhoeaceae 399. Agavaceae 400. Hypoxidaceae 401. Tecophilaeaceae (Lanari., Walleri.) 402. Cyanastraceae 403. Phormiaceae 404. Dianellaceae 405. Eriospermaceae 406. Asteliaceae 407. Aphyllanthaceae 408. Anthericaceae (Ixioliri.) 409. Asphodelaceae (Aloe.) 410. Hemerocallidaceae All. Funkiaceae (Host.) 412. Hyacinthaceae (Scill.) 413. Alliaceae (Agapanth., Gilliesi.) 414. Amaryllidaceae 87. Liliales 415. Colchicaceae 416. Iridaceae (Hewardi., Isophysid.) 417. Geosiridaceae 418. Calochortaceae 1982 Bedell & Reveal, Alstroemeriaceae Tricyridaceae Liliaceae Melanthiaceae (Petro- savi., Protoliri.) 423. Campynemataceae 88. Burmanniales 424. Burmanniaceae 425. Thismiaceae 426. Corsiaceae 89. Orchidales 427. Apostasiaceae 428. Cypripediaceae 429. Orchidaceae 90. Velloziales 430. Velloziaceae 91. Bromeliales 431. Bromeliaceae 92. Haemodorales 432. Haemodoraceae (Conosty- Lids, Lophiol .) 93. Pontederiales 433. Pontederiaceae 94. Philydrales 434. Philydraceae 95. Typhales 435. Sparganiaceae 436. Typhaceae cc. Zingiberanae 96. Zingiberales 437. Lowiaceae 438. Musaceae 439. Heliconiaceae 440. Strelitziaceae 441. Zingiberaceae 442. Costaceae 443. Cannaceae 444, Marantaceae DD. Commelinanae 97. Commelinales 445. Mayacaceae 446. Commelinaceae (Cartone- mat.) 98. Eriocaulales 447. Rapateaceae 448. Xyridaceae (Abolbod.) 449. Eriocaulaceae 99. Juncales 450. Thurniaceae 451. Juncaceae 100. Cyperales 419. 420. 421. 422. A synoptical review 452. Cyperaceae 101. Hydatellales 453. Hydatellaceae 102. Poales (Restion.) 454. Ecdeiocole.) Centrolepidaceae Flagellariaceae 457. Joinvilleaceae 458. Poaceae EE. Arecanae 103. Arecales 459. Arecaceae (Palmae) 104. Cyclanthales 460. Cyclanthaceae 105. Pandanales 461. Pandanaceae 455. 456. INDEX TO TAXA Abolbodaceae, 448 Acoraceae, 378 Agapanthaceae, 413 Agavaceae, 399 Alistmataceae, 368 Alistmatales, 81 Alistmatanae, Y Alliaceae, 413 Aloeaceae, 409 Alstroemeriaceae, 419 Amaryllidaceae, 414 Anathraceae, 454 Antheraceae, 408 Aphyllanthaceae, 407 Aponogetonaceae, 366 Apostasiaceae, 427 Araceae, 378 Arales, 84 Aranae, AA Arecaceae, Arecales, 103 Arecanae, EE Asparagaceae, 390 Asparagales, 86 Asphodelaceae, 409 Asteliaceae, 406 459 Bromeliaceae, 431 Bromeliales, 91 Bromelianae, BB Burmanniaceae, 424 Restionaceae (Anarthi., 182 PHY Ll OPLrOrG i A Brumanniales, 88 Butomaceae, 365 Calochortaceae, 418 Campynemataceae, 423 Cannaceae, 443 Cartonemataceae, 446 Centrolepidaceae, 455 Colchicaceae, 415 Commelinaceae, 446 Commelinales, 97 Commelinanae, DD Conostylidaceae, 432 Convallariaceae, 389 Corsiaceae, 426 Costaceae, 442 Croomiaceae, 384 Cyanastraceae, 402 Cyclanthaceae, 460 Cyclanthales, 104 Cymodoceaceae, 375 Cyperaceae, 452 Cyperales, 100 Cypripediaceae, 428 Dasypogonaceae, 397 Dianellaceae, 404 Dioscoreaceae, 380 Dioscoreales, 85 Doryanthaceae, 395 Dracaenaceae, 393 Ecdeiocoleaceae, 454 Eriocaulaceae, 449 Eriocaulales, 98 Eriospermaceae, 405 Flagellariaceae, 456 Funkiaceae, 411 Geitonoplesiaceae, 388 Geosiridaceae, 417 Gilliesiaceae, 413 Haemodoraceae, 432 Haemodorales, 92 Haemodoranae, BB Heliconiaceae, 439 Halophilaceae, 367 Hanguanaceae, 396 Hemerocallidaceae, 410 Herreriaceae, 392 Hewardiaceae, 416 Hostaceae, 411 Hyacinthaceae, 412 Hydatellaceae, 453 Hydatellales, 101 Hydrocharitaceae, 367 Hydrocharitales, 80 Hypoxidaceae, 400 Iridaceae, 416 Isophysidaceae, 416 Ixioloriaceae, 408 Joinvilleaeceae, 457 Juncaceae, 451 Juncaginaceae, 370 Juncales, 99 Lanariaceae, 401 Lemnaceae, 379 Lilaeaceae, 370 Liliaceae, 421 Liliales, 87 Lilianae, BB Lilidae, II Limnocharitaceae, 368 Lophiolaceae, 432 Lowiaceae, 437 Luzuriagaceae, 387 Marantaceae, 444 Mayacaceae, 445 Melanthiaceae, 422 Monocotyledonae, II Musaceae, 438 Najadaceae, 371 Najadales, 82 Nolinaceae, 394 Orchidaceae, 429 Orchidales, 89 Palmae, 459 Pandanaceae, 461 Pandanales, 105 Petermanniaceae, 386 Petrosaviaceae, 422 Philesiaceae, 387 Phormiaceae, 403 Vol. 52, No. 3 1982 Bedell & Reveal, A synoptical review 183 Philydraceae, 434 Philydrales, 94 Pistiaceae, 378 Poaceae, 458 Poales, 102 Pontederiaceae, 433 Pontederiales, 93 Pontederanae, BB Posidoniaceae, 374 Potamogetonaceae, 372 Potamogetonales, 82 Protoliriaceae, 422 Rapateaceae, 447 Restionaceae, 454 Restionales, 102 Ripogonaceae, 386 Roxburghiaceae, 384 Ruppiaceae, 372 Ruscaceae, 391 Scheuchzeriaceae, 369 Scillaceae, 412 Smilaceae, 386 Smilacales, 86 Sparganiaceae, 435 Stemonaceae, 384 Stenomeridaceae, 381 Strelitziaceae, 440 Taccaceae, 383 Taccales, 85 Taccanae, BB Tecophilaceaceae, 407 Thalassiaceae, 367 Thismiaceae, 425 Thurniaceae, 450 Trichopodaceae, 382 Tricyridaceae, 420 Trillaceae, 385 Triuridaceae, 377 Triuridales, 83 Triuridanae, Z Typhaceae, 436 Typhales, 95 Vallisneriaceae, 367 Velloziaceae, 430 Velloziales, 90 Walleriaceae, 401 Xanthorrhoeaceae, 398 Xyridaceae, 448 Zannichelliaceae, 376 Zingiberaceae, 441 Zingiberales, 96 Zingiberanae, CC Zosteraceae, 373 Zosterales, 82 Scientific Article No. A-3294, Contribution No. 6366 of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VITEX. XXXVI Harold N. Moldenke VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SIMPLICIFOLIA Cham. Additional bibliography: Franch. & Savat., Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 360. 1875; Sugiura, Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo 12: 145. 1936; Jinno, Jap. Journ. Genet. 31: 148. 1956; Mold., Phytologia 52: 139 & 141--144. 1982. Jinno (1956) reports the chromosome number for this plant as n = 16 -- this is most interesting in view of Sobti & Singh's (1962) report of 2n = 26 for what they regarded as typical Vitex trifolia L. It is hoped that herbarium vouchers have been pre- served somewhere to substantiate the identifications! Merrill (1918) comments that "Although very distinct in habit, and in its leaves usually reduced to a single leaflet, I doubt very much if it is specifically distinct from the erect Vitex trifolia Linn." He cites Merrill, Sp. Blanc. 814 as illustrative of it [the present variety] and 302 as illustrative of typical v. trifolia- In his 1923 work he says that it is "A prostrate form with 1-foliolate leaves, occurring only on sandy beaches. Com- mon on the coasts of Luzon and Mindanao, India to Japan, Malaya, and Polynesia." Ridley records it from Pahang, Kelantan, Indo-Malaya, Austral- ia, and Japan. Fernandez-Villar (1880) lists it from Luzon, Mindanao, Panay, and Cebu. Masamune (1955) records it from Amani-osima, Daitozima, Hirasima, Honshiu, Iheyazima, Iriomote, Isigaki, Kyushiu, Komi, Kumezima, Kutinosima, Miyako, Nakanosima, Sikoku, Taiwan, Takarazima, Tanegasima, Yakusima, and "Ogasawara to the tropics". Suzuki & Nakanishi record it from Dézen and Dogo islands in the Oki Islands of the Janan Sea. : Stone (1970) describes this plant as "A paleotropical strand plant, probably native in Guam, but uncommon [there]. The foliage is aromatic." Ohwi (1965) lists it from Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Korea, Taiwan, the Bonin Islands, and the Ryukyu Island Archi- pelago. Hyland (1967) records it as cultivated in Maryland, based on U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. 271881 and K.470 from Korea. Linnaeus’ original (1781) description of his V. rotundifolia, taken from Thunberg, is "VITEX foliis simplicibus obovatis integ- errimis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris brevissimis. Habitat in Iaponia. Thunberg. {{ Arbor facie & colore similis v. Agn-casto, foliis excepta. Folia fere subrotunda, bipollicaria. Pedunculi axillares, breves, uniflori." Thunberg's original (1784) description of his v. ovata is "fol. ovalibus obtusis subtus tomentosis; panicula terminali trichotoma; caule decumbente repente." Blanco (1837) describes his V. repens as "Tronco se extiende por la tierra. Hojas simples ovales, enteras y blanquecinas por debajo. Flores axillares, en panoja simple. Drupa globosa con la nuez de cuatro aposenios. = Esta especie se extiende muchisimo por 184 1982 Moldenke, Notes: on Vitex 185 las playas del mar, y se hacé 4 lo mas como la muffeca: arroja tai- los en donde toca en tierra. El fruto de esta y de otras especies, €s poco mayor que on guisante, mui aromatico, y como que se parece al de la pimienta. Flor. en Mayo y en otros meses." Petelot (1953) says that "D'apr@és Poilane-(in Herb., no 1,448), la varieté ynifoliata est médicinale aux environs de Tourane au Center-Vietnam. Les feuilles récoltées sont mises dans un récip- ient et grillées & la fagon du café, on les étale ensuite sur la terre pendant 20 minutes en les recouvrant d'un linge. On les lave et on les fait bouillir dans de l'eau. On obtient ainsf une boisson que l'on donne aux femmes aprés 1'accouchement comme cal- mant et dépuratif." Sonohara (1952) reports that in Japan it is "used for drugs and as a protection against sand", calling it "A semicreeping shrub, common on seashores there". Hu (1981) gives its pharmaceutical name as "Fructus Viticis", the same as for typical v. trifolia. Altschul (1973) reports the seeds medicinal, based on an unnumbered Uno collection from Japan. Kashimoto (1964) gives an analysis of the oil extracted from the fruit. Nagata (1971) tells us that in Japan a tea is brewed from the leaves, and that the leaves, seed, and wood are used in a bath in the treatment of backache, swollen feet, and rheumatism. Ebert (1907) and Hartwell (1971) report that in China it is employed to treat glandular tumors. Stargardt (1976) avers that in Thailand it is used in the making of sweets, for example, as a dark jelly. Kimura and his associates (1967) isolated a flavone pigment, vitexicarpin, from the fruits, which pigment is identified as per- haps the same as casticin, 5,3',-dihydroxy-3 6, 7, 4'-tetrameth- oxyflavone (by mixed fusion with I. R. spectra). Hayashi and his associates (1969) found no vitexine or other flavone color in the roots. It is worth noting that the illustration given by Pope (1968) as Vv. trifolia L. actually represents, instead, vars. simplicifolia and subtrisecta. Menninger's (1970) photograph 285 is labeled "Vitex simplicifolia" and photograph 286 is labeled "Vitex tri- folia", but they are both identical and plainly represent var. simplicifolia. Chamisso's original (1832) description of the variety is some- times mis-cited as "Linnaea 8: 107" instead of "7: 107". Masamune's (1932) work is sometimes cited as "no. 121". Hepper & Silva de- scribe the leaves as "glaucous", but they certainly are not so (at least, in the ordinary botanical sense of this word). Specht and some other collectors refer to the plant as a "perennial herb", but it certainly is never truly herbaceous. Santos 6210 shows several deeply 3-lobed leaves. The W. V. Brown 1605, cited below, bears a notation on its accompanying label that the plant was "perhaps cul- tivated". Hallier (1918) cites Hallier 4230d from Hong Kong and 4230 & 4230a from Luzon. Williams (1905) cites Schomburgk 243 from Thai- land; Craib (1911) cites Schmidt s.n. from the same country, while 186 P HeyYor 0; LaOnGe TA Vol. 525 Now 3 Ridley (1911) cites Keith s.n. and Fletcher (1938) cites Annan- dale s.n., Bourke-Burrows s.n., Keith s.n., Kerr 16127, Lakshna- kara 78, and Marcan 2262. Dop (1928) cites Gaudichaud 114, Lecomte & Finet 933 & 2071, and Poilane 6074 from Annam, Godefroy 644 and Pierre s.n. from Cambodia, Gaudichaud s.n. and Harmand 844 from Cochinchina, and Bon 5503 from Tonkin. Drake del Castillo (1892) cites Bastard s.n. from the Marque- sas Islands, Hillebrand s.n., Macrae s.n., Mann & Bragham s.n., and Rémy 407 from the Hawaiian Islands, Forster s.n. from the~ Tongan Islands, and Barclay s.n., Homes s.n.,and Seemann s.n. from the Fiji Islands. Walker (1976) cites Field & Lowe 2lv, Fosberg 36971, Hatusima 17566, Kuidzumi s.n., and SIRI.5781, 5868, 6009, & 6028 from Okin- awa, Fosberg 38480 & 48583 from Miyako, Okuhara & Sunigawa 54 from Irabu, and Fosberg 37605 from Taketami. Hsiao (1978) cites Oldham 382, Price 494, Takenouchi s.n., and Wilson 10978 from Taiwan, and avers that the plant is found on sandy seashores from northern to southern Taiwan, as well as in China, Korea, Japan, and the Philippine Islands. While most herbarium specimens exhibiting unifoliolate leaves with long petioles represent var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Mold., Fortune 90 shows conspicuous petioles on what otherwise seems to be a specimen of var. simplicifolia -- perhaps it represents a hybrid. Material of V. trifolia var. simplicifolia has often been mis- identified and distributed in herbaria as V. negundo L., typical V. trifolia L., and even Cordia sp. On the other hand, the W. V. Brown 1655, Fosberg 37943, Henrickson 3933b, Hu 12469, and Roth- dauscher s.n. [Manilla 1879], identified and distributed as V. trifolia var. simplicifolia, actually are var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Mold., while Murata & al. 1.17396 is Premna foetida Reinw. and "a. J." 4101 is P. obtusifolia var. serratifolia (L.) Mold. Wilkes s.n. is a mixture of V. trifolia var. simplicifolia and var. subtrisecta. Additional citations: INDIA: Kerala: Silvarajan 485 (Ld), 4852 (Uc). SRI LANKA: Hepper & Silva 4757 (W--2719965). CHINA: Fuki- en: En 2224 (Mu). THAILAND: Charoenphol, Larsen, & Warncke 3427 (Ac); Larsen & Larsen 33723 (Ac); R. Schomburgk 243 (Pd); Surapat 45 (W--2450857). MALAYA: Pahang: Carrick 275 (K1--1275). Treng- ganu: Herb. Univ. Malaya 5015 (Kl); "Aa. J." 4112 (K1--7637); Sin- clair 7526 (W--2913177); Soepadmo KLU.9116 (K1--12913); Soepadmo & Magmud 9173 (Ne--57501). MALAYAN ISLANDS: Tioman: Soepadmo 1399 (Ac). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Liang 64027 (Mu); Wang 33826 (Mi). lLantau: Taam 1702 in part (Mi, N); ying 669 (M1). HONG KONG: Chan 1079 (Mi); Fortune 90 (E--2168599); Hu 5894 (W-- 2711157), 12286 (W--2730642); woo & Woo 475 (Mi). HONG KONG OFF- SHORE ISLANDS: High: Hu 8635 (W--2697642). JAPAN: Honshu: Hiroe 14502 (Ws); Iwatsuki & Matsumura 5479 (Mu, N, W--2510031, Ws); Kirino 762 (B1--158313); Maruyama & Okamoto 1600 (Ba, B1--157676, Mi, Ws); Maximowicz s.n. [Yokohama, 1862] (Mu--1331, Pd); Okuyama s.n. [Aug. 14, 1949] (Ba); Sasaki & Togasi 606 (Ba, Se--161639, 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 187 Ws); Suzuki s.n. [Sept. 27, 1952] (Se--163328). Kyushu: Koyama 7043 (N, N)3; Oldham 626 (Mu--684, Pd); Tagawa 5276 (N), 5376 (Ws). Shikoku: Seto 18764 (Ne--62392). Tsushima: Ohashi, Ohba, & Tateishi 128 (W--2751556). Island undetermined: Siebold s.n. (Mu--683). TAIWAN: Koyama & Kao 8936 (N)3; Oldham 382 (Pd); Sasa- ki 380475 (Mi). RYUKYU ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO: Ikema: Fosberg 38583 (W--2647380); Irabu & Shimoji: Okuhara & Sunagawa 54 (W--2647381). Iriomote: Fosberg 37765 (W--2647391). Kutaka-shima: W. V. Brown 1605 (Au--165928). Miyako: Fosberg 38480 (W--2647366). Okinawa: Beauchamp 932 (W--2620640), 958 (W--2620672); Fosberg 36971 (W-- 2647379); Koyama 7311 (N). Taketomi: Fosberg 37605 (W--2647382). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Batan: Ramos, Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 80211 (Mi). Hermana Mayor: J. V. Santos 6210 (W--2246876). Luzon: Borden, Herb. Philip. Forest Bur. 1940 (W--850788); Escritor, Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 21171(W--900853); Haenke s.n. (Mu); Loher 4434 (W--446880); E. D. Merrill 323 (W--435308), Sp. Blanc. 814 (W--904496); Rothdauscher s.n. [Manilla, 1879] (Mu--1528); J. Vv. Santos 6267 (W--2246897); Sinclair 9673 (W--2946519); Whitford 755 (W--851775). Mindoro: Mangubat, Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 926 (W--439733)3; E. D. Merrill 898 (W--435866). Palawan: Travis 75 (Ba). Sibuyan: Elmer 12135 (W--779767). Island undetermined: Cuming 1493 (Mu--1353). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Selingan: Cock- burn SAN.68413 (Ld). NEW CALEDONIAN ISLANDS: New Caledonia: Schlecher 15548 (Mu--4091). FIJI ISLANDS: Island undetermined: Wilkes s.n. [Feejee Islands] (W--74077). AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Byrnes N.B.291 (Ai--14346); Chippendale 8159 (Ai); Maconochie 525 [Herb. North. Terr. 13596] (Ac); R. A. Perry 1223 (Ai, W--2072187); Specht 677 (W--2094859). Queensland: Helms 1132 (W--1348852). State undetermined: Walker s.n. [Cape Sid- mouth] (Mu--1530). AUSTRALIAN ISLANDS: Facing: S. Tf. Blake 22530 (Ac). GREAT BARRIER REEF: Eagle: Stoddart 4815 (W--2744415). Fife: Stoddart 4956 (W--2744417). Ingram: Stoddart 4041 (W-- 2744418). Morris: Stoddart 4974 (W--2744419). Saunders: Stod- dart 5074 (W--2744224). Sinclair: Stoddart 4189 (N, W--2744416). HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Kauai: G. E. Douglas 383(It); Fosberg 53663 (N, W--2669245), 56709 (N, W--2811358); A. A. Heller 273 [Meebold 24820] (Mu, W--368711), St. John, Britten, Cowan, Frederick, Web- ster, & Wilbur 22958 (Au--122935), 22967 (Au--122934). Maui: Topping s.n. [Herb. Degener 9504] (It, W--1626513). Molokai: O. Degener 9506 (W--1626514); Herbst & Spence 5733 (W--2893502); A. S. Hitchcock 15143 (W--874549). Oahu: R. S. Cowan 1060 (W-- 1993396); Ss. P. Darwin 1083 (W--2927104); 0. Degener 10018 (W-- 1668216); Degener & Degener 34381 (Ac, Lc, Ld, N), 34391 (Mu); Fosberg 27125 (N, W--2676659); Hatheway & Caindec 139 (W-- 2159259); Meebold 20122 (Mu), 20480 (Mu); B. C. Stone 2721 (K1-- 9897); webster 1095 (Au--122933); Webster, Gankin, & Herbst 13843 (Mi); Young & Lowry 1622 (N). Island undetermined: J. G. Smith s.n. [Feb. 26, 1902] (W--412997). CULTIVATED: Florida: Dress 1518 (Ba). Hawaiian Islands: rltis H.301 (Ld, Ws). Zim- babwe: Biegel 3949 (Ba--374223). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDE- TERMINED: @ollector undetermined 101 (Mi). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Degener, Fl. Haw. 315:Vitex:Trif:Ovata (Ba); Mak., Illustr. Fl. 188 PHEYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. 3 Nipp. 186, fig. 558. 1940 (Ld, Ld). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SIMPLICIFOLIA £. ALBIFLORA (Y. Matsumura) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 117. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 353 (1971) and 2: 930. 1971; Mold., Phytolo- gia 34: 266. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 298, 302, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 490. 1981. Soepadmo describes this plant as a "creeping plant; leaves green above, glaucous beneath; calyx green; corolla white" and erroneously identified it as V. negundo L. The leaves are actual- ly not truly glaucous beneath, at least, in the sense that this term is usually used in botany. Additional citations: MALAYA: Trengganu: Soepadmo KLU.9173 (K1--12963). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SUBTRISECTA (Kuntze) Mold. Additional synonymy: Vitex rotundifolia var. heterophylla Mak., Illust. Fl. Nipp. 186. 1940. Vitex rotundifolia var. Sonohara, Towada, & Amano, Fl. Okin. 133. 1952. Vitex agnus-castus var. subtrisecta Kuntze apud Mold., Phytologia 6: 165, in syn. 1958. Vitex ineisa Hartwell, Lloydia 34: 388. 1971. Vitex rotundifolia f. heterophylla (Mak.) Kitamura, Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 25: 34. 1972. Vitex rotundifolia var. heterophylla "[Roxb.] Makino" apud E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. South. Ryuk. 894, in syn. 1976 [not Vitex heterophylla Roxb., 1814 & 1832]. Additional & emended bibliography: Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. l, 46. 1814; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2, 3: 75. 1832: Hassk ey. silonane- 26. 1842; Naves & Fern.-Villar in Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 3, 4: 160. 1880; F. M. Bailey, Cat. Indig. Nat. Pl. Queensl. 35. 1890; Warb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 10: 429 (1890) and 13: 428--429. 1891; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 4: 1179. 1901; Craib, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1911: 443. 1911; Koord. & Valet., Atlas Baumart. Jav 6: fig. 292. 1914; Masamune, Enum. Trach. 7: 48. 1935; Mak., Illyst. Fl. Nipp. 186. 1940; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., imp. 1, 1: 191. 1948; Sonoha- ra, Tawada, & Amano, Fl. Okin. 133. 1952; Masamune, Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. 4: 48. 1955; Mold., Phytologia 6: 165 & 180--183 (1958) and 17: 116--119. 1968; Mold., Resume Suppl. 16: 12 (1968) and 17: 12. 1968; Pope, Wayside Pl. Haw. 195 & 196, pl. 111. 1968; Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide Trop. Pl. 770. 1969; A. L. Mold., Phytologia 18: 331. 1969; Hartwell, Lloydia 34: 388. 1971; W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 73: 47. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 31, 94, 263, 279, 284, 285, 291, 293, 294, 298, 303, 307,311 jot 319, 329, 331, 333, 338, 341, 343, 344, 349, 351--353,)0& 375 (1971) and 2: 712, 727, 729, 792, & 930. 1971; Patel, Forest Fl. Gujarat 231. 1971; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., imp. 2, 1: 191. 1972; Kitamura & Murata, Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 25: 34. 1972; Mold., Phytologia 23: 424. 1972; Backer, Atlas 220 Weeds [Handb. Cult. Sugarcane 7:] pl. 521. 1973; Mold., Phytologia 25: 233 & 245 (1973), 28: 446, 448, & 452 (1974), and 31: 376 & 390. 1975; O. & I. Degener & Pekelo, Haw. Pl. Names X.1. 1975; Lakela, Long, Fleming, & Genell, Pl. Tampa Bay, ed. 3 [Bot. Lab. Univ. S. Fla. 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 189 Contrib. 73:] 117 & 183. 1976; Mold., Phytologia 34: 248, 254, & 268. 1976; E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. South. Ryuk. 893--894, fig. 179. 1976; Clay & Hubbard, Haw. Gard. Trop. Shrubs 185 & 294. 1977; A. L. Mold., Phytologia 36: 87. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 36: 40. 1977; Fosberg, Sachet, & Oliv., Micronesica 15: 239. 1979; J. T. & R. Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 468. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 46: 42. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 25, 87, 252, 253, 266, 274, 275, 280, 282, 283, 288, 290, 294, 298, 299, 302, 303, 305, 309, 319, 321, 323, 324, 328, 330--333, 339--343, 368, 459, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 488 & 490 (1981), 50: 242 (3982), 51: 217, 344, & 351 (1982), and 52: 139 & 141. 1982. Additional illustrations: Koord. & Valet., Atlas Baumart. Java 6: fig. 292. 1914; Pope, Man. Wayside Pl. 196, pl. 111 in part. 1968; Corner & Watanabe, Illust. Guide Trop. Pl. 770. 1969; Back- er, Atlas 200 Weeds [Handb. Cult. Sugar-cane 7:] pl. 521. 1973; E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. South. Ryuk. 894, fig. 179. 1976. The type of this variety is Kuntze 5817 from 2000 feet alti- tude in the "Willisgebirge" in Java, deposited in the Britton Her- barium at the New York Botanical Gardem The variety differs from the typical form of the species in usually being a dwarf, erect or prostrate shrub with both 1-foliolate and 3-foliolate leaves regularly or apparently irregularly interspersed on the branch- lets; often the single leaflets are shallowly or deeply bi- or trisected or even binary. _It is a very variable taxon, perhaps actually consisting of more than a single taxon, apparently native from the littoral belt close to mangrove formations to riverbanks and inland hill- sides as much as 4000 feet in altitude, from India, the Andaman Islands, Burma, Thailand, Malaya, and Indochina north to southern China and Japan, west to the Mascarene Islands and Madagascar, east through the Ryukyu and Philippine Islands to Indonesia, the Lesser Sunda Islands, New Guinea, New Caldeonia, Fiji, and Poly- nesia, and south to northern Australia. It is widely cultivated, especially as a hedge, and tends to persist or escape. It is re- garded as medicinal on Hainan Island and the bark and roots pro- vide a febrifuge in Thailand. In Sumatra the branches are burned and the resulting smoke is directed to acheing joints. It is very possible that Vitex trifolia var. acutifolia Benth. in Benth. & F. Muell., Fl. Austral. 5: 67 (1870) may prove to be the earliest and therefore valid name for this taxon, although it is now regarded as applying to the very similar Australian Vitex benthamiana Domin. A study of the type in the Kew herbarium is required to settle this matter. The name, Vv. rotundifélia var. heterophylla, proposed by Makino, seems to have nothing to do with the v. heterophylla of Roxburgh [now regarded as a synonym of vy. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will.], in spite of the fact that Walker (1976) seems to think that it does. Recent collectors describe Vitex trifolia var. subtrisecta as a prostrate or creeping woody plant, prostrate shrubby creeper, dense and erect or diffusely spreading bush or shrub, 0.5--4 m. tall, branched from the base, to a bushy tree, 5--8 m. tall, to 2 190 Pee sl OP LONG r iA Vol. 52, No. 3 m. in diameter, often spreading by prostrate runners, scented like desert sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), the flowering shoots erect, 20--30 cm. long; the leaves dutt-green to dark- or gray- green above, "§laucous"-white to gray- or pale gray-green beneath, aromatic, some 1- and some 3-foliolate; the flowers profuse, aro- matic, the corollas bilabiate, mint-like; and the fruit glaucous- green at first, later brown to dark-brown when ripe. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Buchholz 1536, Buden 58, D'Arcy 2950, Hu 12464, Lamoureux 2896, Sousa 11222, and Stoddart 4614, 4756, & 4849, "light-blue" on Shah MS.1212, “pale- blue with a white throat" on Specht 42, "blue-lavender" on Fosberg 37943, “bluish-purple" on Brumbach 8262, "blue-purple" on Hu 12469, "blue-mauve" on Schodde & Craven 4544, "mauve" on McKee 2401, "pale-purple" on Chippendale 8235, "purplish" on Correll & Meyer 44661, "purple" on King's Collector 388 and Walker 8125, “pale blue-purple" on Van Royen & Sleumer 8249, “pale-lavender" on Fay 203, "lavender" on Correll & Correll 48992, Correll & Kral 4298la, Fosberg 34926, and Henrickson 3933b, “deep-lavender to vi- olate" on Fosberg 37681, "violet" on Fosberg 37304 & 58825 and Lewis 7124, and "lilac" on Chippendale 8162, Robinson 2446, and Stoddart 4466. Recent collectors have encountered the plant on stable sand- dunes and dams, sand-cays, hillsides and steep hillsides, seaward crests of sand-shingle cays, steep roadbanks, and roadcut walls, in disturbed ground, the margins of monsoon forests, riverbeds, grasslands, and mangrove forests, along the edges of sandy beaches and coppices, and in the bare shingles of shingle-mangrove islands. It is said to be common on sand beaches and on the dunes behind beaches, found from sealevel to 2000 feet altitude, in flower from February to December, and in fruit in February and June to December. Schodde & Craven refer to it as a "tree of river margins" in New Guinea. Sherma encountered it in open grassland in Sumatra. In the Great Barrier Reef Stoddart refers to it as “occasional back of the beaches", “rare”, "uncommon", or "locally common", while Fosberg reports it "forming scrub on berms of lagoon beaches' on Lizard Island and "common around the edges of thickets" on Ko- bama. Taam found it "abundant in dry sandy soil of level ground near beaches among scattered shrubs" on Lantao Island. Sachet re- ports it forming clumps in Tournefortia forests. In the Bahamas the Corrells describe it as "common in vacant lots" and Correll & Kral refer to-it as "weedy", but Lewis asserts that it is only "occasional and perhaps cultivated", certainly introduced. In the Northern Territory of Australia it occurs "on beach ridges in [the] zone of monsoon woodland with an annual rainfall of 60 inches". Walker (1976) reports it "common on sandy seashores" on Okin- awa and the southern Ryukyu Islands, the corollas there "blue, purple, or violet" in color. Corner & Watanabe (1969) describe it as a "Shrub of villages and waste places. Leaves 3-foliate, or 1-foliate, white-felted beneath. Flowers pale blue. Panicles 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 191 with short branches. Medicinal." Sonohara and his associates (1952) record this plant from Kume and Iriomote; Masamune (1955) lists it from Isigaki, Obama, Irio- mote, and "Taiwan to [the] tropics". Kitamura & Murata (1972) re- cord it from Kyushu, Amami-oshima, the Ryukyu Islands, and south- ern China. Fosberg (1979) found it on Saipan, Tinian, Guam, Yap, Kusaie, Wake, Kwajalein, Banaba, and Nauru islands. Fay describes it as "tree-like shrubs forming hedges 3 m. tall" in Hawaii. Hara (1948) describes the leaves as “aut simplicia aut tripar- tita". McKee refers to its as a "semi-prostrate herb". Buchholz was of the opinion that this plant is a member of the Lamiaceae. Common and vernacular names reported for this variety are “ahinahina", "blue vitex", "kawariba-hamago", "kawari-hama-g6", "lagondee", "lagundi", "lemuning", "salagundi na hian", "salt- bush", "shirobana-hamago", and "variable-leaved vitex". The "Vitex trifolia" of Long and his associates (1976), de- scribed as planted and “escaping locally" in the Tampa Bay region of Florida, actually is var. subtrisecta. The illustrations given by Backer (1973), Corner & Watanabe (1969), and Walker (1976) as typical V. trifolia L,, actually represent var. subtrisecta in- stead, while that given by Pope (1968) depicts var. simplicifolia and var. subtrisecta. Elmer 15236 is a mixture of var. bicolor and var. subtrisecta, while Wilkes s.n. is a mixture with var. simplicifolia. The Merrill Sp. Blanc. 302, previously cited as var. Subtrisecta, seems to be (in part, as least) typical V. tri- folia. Elmer 7877, distributed as V. negundo and cited previously by me as typical V. trifolia, seems (at least, insofar as the U. S. National Herbarium specimen is concerned) definitely to represent var. subtrisecta. This is true also of Merrill 957 and Whitford 674. Craib (1911) comments that the Schmidt collection which he cites as "Vv. trifélia" is typical var. simplicifolia but some of the Kerr 1248 specimens "show trifoliolate associated with unifoliolate leaves on the same branches" and thus probably represent what is now denominated as var. subtrisecta. Patel (1971) refers to a form in Gujarat as having "sessile 3-foliolate and simple leaves". Fosberg comments that on his no. 34926 the "degree of dilation of [the] corolla-throat and [the] length of [the corolla-] tube plus the throat, [the] stamen length, [and the] style length [are] all variable in the same inflorescence." Of his no. 36709 he says "leaves trifoliate on some bushes", but the U. S. National Herbar- ium sheet of this number shows the leaves 1-foliolate on long peti- oles -- a variability quite widespread in this taxon [cfr. Sivar- ajan 1199]. A number of collections, apparently of var. subtrisecta, have been distributed as var. variegata Mold. -- Spence 151 seems defin- itely to te var. variegata; Fay 203 has a notation by the collector on its accompanying label "some leaves variegated" and most of the Florida [U.S.A.] collections [e.g., those of Buswell, of Brumbach, and of Pecora], cited below, may very well be that form, even though the variegation is not evident on the herbarium specimens — the Brumbach collection is said to have been taken from material 192 PVH SY VT sOrLtOrG th Vol. 52, No. 3 that had "escaped in thickets". The Brown 1655 collection shows all the leaves 1-foliolate, but they are all long-petiolate, so it is definitely to be re- garded as var. subtrisecta. Walker (1976) cites Amano 8125, Carow 5, Field & Lowe 2lv, Fos- berg 36971, Hatusima 17566, Koidzumi s.n., SIRI 5781, 5868, 6009, & 6028 and Walker 8125 from Okinawa, Fosberg 38480 from Miyako, Fosberg 48583 from Ikema, Okuhara & Sunagawa 54 from Irabu, Fos- berg 37605 from Taketomi, Fosberg 37943 from Kobama, Fosberg 37765, Kimura & Hurusawa 51, and SIRI 6601 & 6602 from Iriomote, and Fosberg 37304 from Ishigaki islands. Lewis (1971) cites his no. 74 as "probably cultivated" in the Bahama Islands. Material of this taxon has been distributed in herbaria under Many names, including the following: Vitex mollis H.B.Ki, V- aie= gundo L., V. ovata Thunb., V. rotundifolia Cham., V. trifolia L., V. trifolia L.f., V. trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham., Vv. tri- folia var. trifolia [L.], V. trifolia var. variegata Mold., and V. trifoliolata L. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Indian River Co.: D'arcy 2950 (Sd--74237). Sanibel Island: Brumbach 8262 (Mi, N, W--2751430). MEXICO: Quintana Roo: Sousa 11222 (Ld). BAHAMA ISLANDS: Eleuthe- ra: Correll & Correll 48992 (N). Grand Bahama: Correll & Kral 4298la (N); W. H. Lewis 7124 (Mu). San Salvador: Gillis 5281 (Ln--176347). INDIA: Kerala: C. B. Clarke s.n. [Malabar] (Pd); Hohenacker 703 (Mu--623); Silvarajan 1199 (Ld, Uc). BANGLADESH: J. M. Cowan s.n. (It). BURMA: Alsterlund 9 (Go, Go, Go, Ld). Shan States: Aplin s.n. [Nov. 1887] (Pd). Tenasserim: Helfer 6057 (Mu--624). Upper Burma: King's Collector 388 (Pd). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Fung 20300 (Mi). Lantao: Taam 1702 (Ba, Mi). HONG KONG: Fortune 90 (Mu--681); Hu 12464 (W--2730669), 12469 (W--2730672). MALAYA: Singapore: Herb. Schlesisch. Bot. Tauschver. 113 (Mu--4381). RYUKYU ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO: Ishigaki: Fosberg 37304 (N, W--2647378), 37681 (N, W--2647367). Kobamajima: Fosberg 37943 (W--2647369). Okinawa: Amano 7191 (N); W. V. Brown 1655 (Au--165927); E. H. Walker 8125 (W--2619391). PHILIPPINE IS- LANDS: Lubang: FE. D. Merrill 957 (W--435930). Luzon: Elmer 7877 (W--629818), 15236 in part (W--897397); Loher 4436 (W--446881); Rothdauscher s.n. [Manilla, 1879] (Mu--1526, Mu--1527, Mu--1529); Whitford 674 (W--851725), 988 (W--851870). Mindanao: Copeland 691 (W--850502). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: Cc. B. Robinson 2449 (W--775416). Jambongan: Cabiling 3981 (Pd). Java: Jelinek s.n. (Ba). Sumatra: Sherman 105 (Ba). LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: Bali: Dilmy 944 (W--2724228). Timor: Herb. Mus. Paris s.n. (W-- 74076). WAKE ISLAND: Peale: Sachet 896 (W--2637957). NEW GUINEA: Papua: Schodde & Craven 4544 (W--2888729). West Irian: Van Royen & Sleumer 8249 (Mi). NEW HEBRIDES: Eromange: Macgillivray s.n. (Pd). NEW CALEDONIA: Buchholz 1536 (W--1968914); Deplanche 1048 (Pd); Forster 116 (Mu--680); Guillaumin 8540 (N); McKee 2401 (W-- 2192611); J. H. Taylor 47 (Ba). FIJI ISLANDS: Wilkes s.n. [Fee- jee Islands] in part (W--74077). Vanua Levu: A. C. Smith 6610 (W--1966794). Viti Levu: Gillespie 4380 (W--1599950); A. C. Smith 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 193 4559 (N), 6078 (N). AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Byrnes 14270 (Ai); Chippendale 8162 (Ai), 8235 (Ai); Sauer 3381 (Ws); Specht 42 (W--2094474). GREAT BARRIER REEF: Howick: Stoddart 4849 (W-- 2744032). Lizard: Fosberg 54993 (W--2739033). Low Wooded: Stod- dart 4577 (W--2759871). Three Isles: Stoddart 4466 (W--2759698). Turtle-III: Stoddart 4756 (W--2744420). Two Isles: Stoddart 4614 (W--2759855). HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Maui: Henrickson 3933b (W-- 2829004). LINE ISLANDS: Johnston: Fosberg 34926 (W--2399761); Lamoureux 2896 (W--2859715). TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO: Raroia: Doty & Newhouse s.n. [Doty 11730] (W--2129055). AUSTRAL ISLANDS: Rurutu: Fosberg 11981 (N); Stokes 1 (W--1968105). CULTIVATED: Australia: M. S. Clemens 43494a (N). Bahama Islands: Correll & Meyer 44661 (Ba); Gillis 7862 (Ft, Go). Florida: Buden 58 (Ws); Buswell s.n. [June 14, 1941] (Ba, Ba), s.n. [Aug. 21, 1941] (Ba, N); Gillis 9793 (Ft, Ld); Landingham 268 (Ne--578); Rohwer s.n. [July 21, 1963] (N); P. O. Schallert 23077 in part (Ws). Hawaiian Islands: L. M. Andrews 379 (N); Fay 203 (N); Sohmer s.n. [St. Louis Heights] (N, W--2812204). India: Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt.'s.n. (Pd). Kwajalein: Fosberg 36709 (W--2399505). New York: Pecora s.n. [Aug. 8, 1949] (N). Rita Island: Fosberg 58825 (W--2882943). Singapore: Shah MS.1212 (Ba). Sri Lanka: Moldenke, Moldenke, & Jayasuriya 28148 (W--2764409). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. South. Ryuk. 894. 1976 (W). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SUBTRISECTA £. ALBIFLORA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 118--119. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 311 (1971) and 2: 727 & 930. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 343 & 595. 1980. Additional citations: AUSTRAL ISLANDS: Rurutu: St. John 16705 (W--1992883--isotype). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. VARIEGATA Mold. Additional synonymy: Vitex trifolia 'Variegata' Watkins, Fla. Landsc. Pl. 307. 1969; Mold., Fifth Summ. 2: 730, in syn. 1971. Vitex trifolia cv. 'Variegata’' L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus Third 1162. 1976. Additional bibliography: J. F. Morton, Proc. Fla. Hort. Soc. 75: 491. 1962; Mold., Phytologia 17: 118--119. 1968; J. F. Morton, Proc. Fla. Hort. Soc. 82: 418, fig. 4 (right). 1969; Watkins, Fla. Landsc. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 1, 307. 1969; Hodge, Trop. Gard. 128. 1971; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 1, 739 & 961. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 351 & 375 (1971) and 2: 730 & 930. 1971; J. F. Morton, Pl. Poison. People 113 & 116. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 25: 245. 1973; Watkins, Fla. Landsc. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 4, 307 (1973) and ed. 1, imp. 5, 307. 1974; J. F. Morton, 500 Pl. S. Fla. [151]. 1974; Balgooy & Vigel in Van Steenis-Kruseman, Pacif. Pl. Areas 3: 276. 1975; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus Third 1162. 1976; Long & Lakela, F. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 739 & 961. 1976; Pop- peton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. 40: 384. 1977; Lord, Trees Shrubs Austral. Gard., ed. 5, 232. 1978; Perkins & Payne, Guide Poison. Pl. Fla. [Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Inst. Food Agric. Sci. 194 PUR YT rOrL0rG vig Vol. 52, No. 3 Circ. 441:] [53]. 1978; J. T. & R. Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 468. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 341, 368, 460, & 595. 1980; Everett, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Illust. Encycl. Hort. 10: 3515. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 51: 340. 1982. Additional illustrations: J. F. Morton, Proc. Fla. Hort. Soc. 82: 418, fig. 4. 1969; Watkins, Fla. Landsc. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 1, 307 (1969), ed. 1, imp. 4, 307 (1973), and ed. 1, imp. 5, 307. 1974. Spence describes this plant, apparently growing wild on Kauai (Hawaiian Islands) as a "large shrub, 12 feet tall, growing at 50 feet altitude with Pluchea and Lantana, the leaves sometimes simple, sometimes trifoliolate, the leaflets obovate-oblanceolate, to 6 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, with whitish variegations along the midrib disappearing when dry, the young branches and leaves canes- cent, the inflorescence a narrow panicle at branch tips, the corollas blue". Neal, however, describing plants growing wild on Oahu notes "leaves 1--3-foliolate, some white-edged, corollas light-violet, darker on the lip". The Baileys (1976) say merely "Leaves variegated". Lord (1978) says "leaves broadly margined cream" and refers to the plant as a "very showy shrub". Morton (1969), in the illustration accompanying her comments, shows the leaflets very irregularly white-margined. She notes that "These aromatic plants [V. trifolia and the var. variegata] commonly planted as hedges in South Florida, cause respiratory irritation, especially when being trimmed and afterwards while the cuttings still are lying on the ground. Some people suffer not only asthma- like symptoms but also dizziness, headaches and nausea. Children sometimes chew the leaves but desist because of the burning taste. In the Far East, the leaves are placed in irrigation water in rice fields to protect the plants from pests, and dry, powdered leaves are used to repel insects from stored grain and clothes." For further information on the economic uses and chemical con- stituents of this plant, see Phytologia 51: 340 (1982). Long & Lakela (1971) comment that in Florida this plant is "possibly a local escape" -- this is actually not a mere possibil- ity, but a fact -- the species is not native in the New World. It should be noted that because the variegation in this variety apparently very often becomes unnoticeable after the leaves are pressed and dried, the Brumbach 8262, Buswell s.n. [June 14 & Aug. 21, 1941], Rohwer s.n. [July 21, 1963], and Spence 151, cited by me as typical V. trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Mold., may ac- tually represent var. variegata instead, as, indeed, the collectors in at least some cases have suggested. Because of the 1--3- foliolate nature of the leaves, it would appear that this taxon is actually a form of V. trifolia var. subtrisecta and probably should be so designated. It seems to have originated naturally rather than horticulturally and therefore does not deserve the cultivar status often assigned to it. It has been collected in flower and fruit from May to August. Additional citations: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Kauai: Spence 151 (W-- 2897554). Oahu: Neal s.n. [July 9, 1945] (Mi). CULTIVATED: Flori- da: Lakela 29881 (N); Schallert 23077 (Mu). 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 195 VITEX TRIPINNATA (Lour.) Merr. Additional & emended synonymy: Tanaecium tripinna Steud. in A. DC., Prodr. 9: 248. 1845; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 469. 1858. Vitex annamense Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 203--204. 1928. Additional & emended bibliography: Lour., Fl. Cochinch., ed. 1, 2: 391--392 (1790) and ed. 2, 476. 1793; A. DC., Prodr. 9: 248. 1845; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 469. 1858; Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 203--204 & 210--211. 1928; E. D. Merr., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., ser. 2, 24 (2): 335 & 444. 1935; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 56 (2): 286. 1937; Mold., Phytolo- gia 17: 119--120 (1968) and 18: 421. 1969; Anon., Biol. Abstr. BIG): B.A.S.1.C..S.226. 1970; Mold.; Biol. Abstr. 51: 460. 1970; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.18: 444. 1971; Mold., Fifth Sum. #392935 2985 303, & 468 (1971) and 2: 640, 644, 645, 713, 720, 776, 930, & 931. 1971; Dournes, Journ. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 20: 26, 52, & 184. 1973; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 282, 288, 289, 290, 294, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 49: 457. 1981. Both Hallier (1918) and Dop (1928) provide lengthy and very detailed descriptions of this species. Dournes (1973) encounter- ed it in mountain forests, in flower in July, and notes that "La feuille est parfois utilisée comme masticatoire conjointement au betel". More recent collectors refer to it as a "common tree in [the] open along rivers" (in Annam, at 300 m. altitude). Additional & emended citations: VIETNAM: Annam: Poilane 2747 (W--2602628). Tonkin: Petelot 6419 (Mi); Pierre 5869 (W-- 2694085a). VITEX TRIPINNATA var. CLEMENSORUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 119 & 120. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 303 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 289, 294, & 595. 1980. The type collection of this variety has previously been re- garded as typical V. tripinnata (Lour.) Merr. and some specimens have been so distributed in herbaria. Additional citations: VIETNAM: Annam: Clemens & Clemens 3394 (Mi--isotype, W--1427499--isotype). VITEX TRIPINNATA var. PUBESCENS Mold., Phytologia 18: 421. 1969. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 18: 421. 1969; Anon., Biol. ADSED-eoLeCL)iseB.AsS.L.C. S226. 19703 Mold; Biol. Abstr 5: 460. 1970; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.18: 444. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 298 & 303 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 288, 290, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 49: 457. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a small tree, 4--7 m. tall, the trunk to 15 cm. in diameter at breast height, the lower stems “often with straight thorns 3--4 cm. long", the inflores- cence axes and calyx green, the corolla-lobes yellowish, the lower one whitish, the "palate and throat dark-yellow with maroon lines and blotches", and have encountered it in dry evergreen forests, in wet evergreen forests with Corypha and Tetrameles, and in mixed deciduous-bamboo forests, at 300--400 m. altitude, 196 P Hey oT OCLs0 G TA Vol. 52, Nowe in flower in April, and in fruit in October. They report the vernacular name, "sa khang". Material of this variety has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. and as typical V. tripinnata (Lour.) Merr. Additional citations: THAILAND: Indrapong & al. 149 (Ac); Larsen, Santisuk, & Warnsck 3273 (Ac, Ld); Maxwell 76-318 (Ac); Suksakorn 941 (Ed). LAOS: Vidal 2201 (Ld--type). VITEX TRISTIS S. Elliot Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 120. 1968; Mold., Fifth. Summ. 1: 263 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 252 & 595. 1980. VITEX TURCZANINOWII Merr., Govt. Lab. Philip. Publ. 35: 77. 1906. Synonymy: Vitex altissima Walp., Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl! 1: 380. 1843 [not Vv. altissima Blanco, 1837, nor Heyne, 1955, nor L., 1832, nor L. f., 1791, nor Moon, 1824, nor Naves, 1880, nor Naves ex F. Villar, 1954, nor Roxb., 1829]. Vitex undulata Walp., Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 380 & 383. 1843 [not V. undulata Wall., 1829]. Premna (Gumira) philippinen- sis Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 36 (2): 215. 1863 [not Vitex philippinensis Merr., 1903]. Viticipremna turczaninowii (Merr.) H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 162. 1919. Viticipremna Philippinensis (Turcz. H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 47. 1921. Viticipremna turczaninowii H. Lam apud E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pl. 3: 397, in syn. 1923. Viticipremna philippinensis H. Lam apud E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pl. 3: 397, in syn. 1923. Viticipremna turczaninowii H. J. Lam apud A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 85. 1926. Viticipremna Philippinensis H. J. Lam apud A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 1929. Viticipremna turczaninowii "[Merr.] H. J. Lam" apud Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1077, in syn. 1932. Vitex denudata Reinw. ex Mold., Resumé 382, in syn. 1959. Bibliography: Walp., Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 380 & 383. 1843; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 84. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 685. 1847; Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 36 (2): 215. 1863; Fern.-Villar in Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 3, Nov. App. 159. 1880; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. l, 2: 622. 1894; K. Schum. & Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzc. Slldsee 524. 1900; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 15 (Supploet-erer. 1906; E. D. Merr., Govt. Lab. Philip. Publ’. 35: 77. 1906s) Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; D. H. Scott in Solereder [transl.° Boodle & Fritsch], Syst. Anat. Dicot. 1: 633. 1908; E. D. Merr., Spec. Blanc. 333. 1918; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 162-- 163 & 370. 1919; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Bui- tenz., ser. 3, 3: 47. 19213 E. D. Merr., Enum. Philips Flow. eh. 3: 397. 1923; H. J. Lam in Lauterb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59:92. 1924; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 85. 1926; Pieper, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Beibl. 141: 80. 1928; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 1929; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 50 (1): 237. 1930; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 50 (1): 719. 1932; Fedde & Schust., Justs 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 197 Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1077. 1932; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 4 (4): 94, fig. 144. 1934; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahres- ber. 60 (2): 576--577 & 676. 1941; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahres- ber. 60 (1): 825. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 55. 1942; Mold., Phytologia 2: 123. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 622. 1946; Angely, Cat. Estat. Gen. Bot. Fan. 17: 6. 1956; Mold., Rdsumd 155, 191, 339, 382, 390, 391, & 479. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: 622. 1960; Maun, Philip. Journ. Forest. 16: 108. 1960; Mennin- ger, Flow. Trees World 335. 1962; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 76 & 219. 1965; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 1184. 1966; Rouleau, Guide Ind. Kew. 198 & 353. 1970; Balgooy, Blumea Suppl. 6: [Pl. Geogr. Pacif.] 200. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 319 & 329 (1971) and 2: 610, 716, 730, 732, 758, & 931. 1971; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 8, 1214. 1973; Mold., Phytologia 26: 512. 1973; Heg- nauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 6 [Vhem. Reihe 21]: 678. 1973; Mold., Phytologia 31: 391 & 399. 1975; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus Third 1149. 1976; Mold., Phytologia 44: 219, 221, & 512. 1979; Fosberg, Otobed, Sachet, Oliver, Powell, & Canfield, Vasc. Pl. Palau 38. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 328, 329, 368, 460, & 596. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 49: 373, 457, & 459 (1981), 50: 253, 255, 267, & 270 (1982), 51: 163 & 274 (1982), and 52: 134. 1982. Turczaninow's original (1863) description of this is "Premna ramis acute tetragonis, superne compressis, ad nodos incrassatis; foliis longe petiolatis ovatis, ovato-oblongisve, obtusioscule acuminatis aut vix in petiolum attenuatis, utrin- que glabris, supra tamen puncticulis exasperatis; panicula terminali pyramidata cum calycibus corollisque tenuissime puberula; calyce truncato aut denticulis obsoletis instructo; corolla calyce duplo majore ad faucem pubescente; staminibus subdidynamis. Antherae reniformes, loculis discretis divarica- tis. Aegiphila viburnifolia Juss., cujus specimina tantum fructifera nota, recedit a nostra, corymbis praeter nonnullos axillaribus, caeterum forte eadem est planta. Rami exsiccati nigrescunt. Filamenta in eodem curculo orta, sed interiora duo caeterts paulo breviora. Insulae Philippibae, Cuming No 1172 et 1294." The Aegiphila viburnifolia referred to here is a synonym of Elaeodendron viburnifolium (A. L. Juss.) Merr., in the Celastraceae. Merrill (1906) comments that "This species which belongs in Vitex, rather than in Premna, was based on Nos. 1172 and 1294 of Cuming's Philippine collection, both these numbers being represented in the herbarium of this Bureau [Bureau of Science, Manila -- the original herbarium now destroyed]. Premna philippinensis Turcz. is not mentioned by Vidal (Phan. Cuming. Phillip. 1885) but No. 1172 is referred by him to Rourea mul- tiflora Planch. [Connaraceae], and No. 1294 to Vitex sp. indet. Turczaninow evidently described it from fragmentary material, as his diagnosis leads one to infer that the leaves are simple. As his diagnosis in other respects applies exactly to the above 198 PoH YY 7150; Lo OnGy TxA Vol. 52, No. 3 numbers of Cuming's collection in our herbarium, it seems evi- dent that he had only specimens with detached leaflets. The fol- lowing should be added to the description of the leaf characters. Leaves 5, rarely 4 or 3 foliolate; petioles glabrous, 8 to 10 cn. long; petiolules 1 to 2 cm. long. Flowers yellow. In addition to the two numbers of Cuming's Philippine collection referred by Turczaninow to this species, it is apparently well represented also by No. 1173 Cuming, and the following specimens of more re- cent collection: Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River (1335 Whitford) (3059 Borden), May, 1905; Province of Rizal, Bosoboso (2951 Ahern's collector), April, 1905; San Mateo (1127 Ahern's collector), May, 1904; Province of Tayabas, Pagbilao (2852 Mer- rill), April, 1903. Island of Ticao (1096 Clark), May, 1904." On the clipping with this original publication of the name, Vitex turczaninowii, in my possession, Merrill has written the date "1905", and Lam (1919) also so dates it. In later publications Merrill dates it "1906". In his 1923 publication he says that this is "A species badly confused with Vitex heterophylla Roxb. = V. quinata F, N. Will., the type cited by H. J. Lam under both. The leaves are practically glandless, while the flowers are al- ways yellow, not blue. I can see no valid reason for recogniz-— ing the genus Viticipremna."" He lists the species from Batan, Luzon, Mindoro, Ticao, Leyte, and Mindanao on the basis of (in addition to the collections mentioned above) Ahern's Collector 2961, Alambra & Borromeo 25884, Barros 20465, Bawan 24194, Mer- rill Philip. Pl. 382, and Pefas, Philip. Forest Bur. 26677. Of the species he says that it is found in forests at low alti- tudes and is endemic to the Philippine Islands. Lam (1921) says of this plant: "Leaves 3--5-foliate; calyx 0.2--0.3 c.M.; corolla always as in Premna, 4-lobed, one lobe lar- ger, rounded, 0.2--0.4 c.M., the other 3 obtusely deltoid, 0.15-- 0.2 c.M.; tube 0.5 c.M.3; stamens didynamous, 0.5--0.6 and 0.6-- 0.75 c.M." He cites from the Bogor herbarium Ahern's Collector 2961, Borden 3059, Clemens s.n., Elmer 16693, Merritt & Darling 14049, and Ramos 1410. He expresses doubt as to whether the Borden and the Merritt & Darling collections really belong here - of the former he notes "an var.?: leaves with simple hairs be- neath". The Vitex undulata Wall., referred to in the synonymy (above), is a synonym of V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will., V- philippinensis Merr. is a synonym of Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh., V. altissima Names and "Naves ex F. Villar" is V. parviflora A, L. Juss., while the V. altissima of Linnaeus, Linnaeus filius, Heyne, Moon, and Roxburgh are all V. altissima L.f. Common and vernacular names recorded for V. turczaninowii are "bongogon", “hamurduon-asu", "kalimantau", "kamalan", "lingo- lingo", "linolino", "lifo-lifio", "magomo", "mala-moldve", "malamulduin", "malduing-&so", "mala-usd", "mbothawa", "mulduin", "tugas", “tugas-bufigogon", "vasung", and "yarokaswaw". Recent collectors have encountered this plant in woods and forests, especially on stream margins, and in sandy soil on low ridges, at 40 m. altitude, in flower from April to August, as well 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 199 as in December, and in fruit in May, July, and November. They describe it as a tree, 13--25 m. tall, the bole to 12 m. high, the trunk diameter to 50 cm. at breast height, the buttresses to 1 m. long, the bark yellowish-brown, deeply fissured, with strips 2--4 cm. wide and 4 m. thick, the living bark 5 mm. wide, yellow- ish, the wood white, the inflorescence gray, and the flowers fragrant. The corollas are said to have been "dirty-white, the lower lip dark-purple inside" on Kostermans 6895, "flower buds green, pink-tinged, the corollas white, purple-tinged in the throat within" on Smith 8881, and "purple-white and green" on Wen- zel 2758 -- all this in spite of Merrill's emphatic statement that the corolla in V. turczaninowii is always yellow, while in the similar V. quinata it is blue. Probably these collections should be re-examined. 3 Vitex denudata appears to be based on an unnumbered Reinwardt collection deposited in the Vienna herbarium. In Phytologia 49: 371--372 (1981) there is a discussion of Blanco's V. latifolia, V. geniculata, and V. altissima and Merrill's opinion that the 5-foliolate specimens mentioned by Blanco refer to V. turczahinowii. It is perhaps also worth mentioning here that the Schumann & Lauterbach (1900) reference in the bibliography (above) is often mis-cited as "1901". Walpers (1845) is erroneously cited by Mer- rill (1923) as "1844", but pages 1--192 of the volume concerned here were actually not issued until 1845; Merrill (1906) also mis- cites the Fernandez-Villar (1880) reference as "1883". The Merrill 2162 collection is sterile and exhibits 3- and 5- foliolate leaves -- it may prove not to belong to this species. Similarly, Curran, Philip. Forest Bur. 10338 is also sterile and is very anomalous in general appearance -- it exhibits a pair of unifoliolate leaves in addition to the usual 3-foliolate ones. It may not be placed here correctly. Material of V. turczaninowii has been abundantly misidentified and distributed in some herbaria, and even cited by me in previous installments of these notes, as V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. or as V. quinata var. puberula ({H. J. Lam) Mold. On the other hand, the Ahern's Collector 2961 and Ramos & Edaho, Philip. Bur. Sci. 45318, distributed as V. turczaninowii, seem actually better re- garded as representing V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will., while Ra- mos, Philip. Bur. Sci. 1410 and Whitford 1335 are V. turczaninowii £. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold. and Borden, Philip. Forest Bur. 3059 is V. velutina (Koord. & Val.) Koord. Citations: KOREAN COASTAL ISLANDS: Botel Tobago: Chang 15019 (W--2920633). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Batangas: Loator s.n. [Gates 8408] (Mi). Leyte: Wenzel 809 (W--1238085), 1399 (N). Luzon: Ahern's Collector, Philip. Forest Bur. 1127 (N, W=-=851239), 2961 (Bz--25362, N, Po--64780, W--852149); Bartlett 15339 (Mi), 15374 (Mi); Bawan, Philip. Forest Bur. 24194 (W--1290183); Bridges, Philip. Forest Bur. 5167 (N, W--709268); M. S. Clemens 15848 (Ca-- 260653); Cuming 1172 [Herb. Reichenbach f. 158525, 158526, & 158527] (E--116194--cotype, Ld--photo of cotype, Mu--1465--cotype, 200 PSHOY TO) LyOles LA Vol. 52, No. 3 N--photo of cotype, V--cotype, V--cotype, V--cotype), 1294 (N-- cotype); H. M. Curran, Philip. Forest Bur. 5837 (Br), 10338 (W-- 708781), 10505 (Br), 10639 (Br); Elmer 16693 (Bi, Bz--25368, Ca-- 271800, Mi, N, S, Ut--67346, W--897398); Loher 12537 (Ca--243057); Manuel, Philip. Forest Bur. 23490 (W--1376032); E. D. Merrill 2196 (W--437144), 2852 (N, W--437822); Merritt & Darling, Philip. Forest Bur. 14049 (Bz--25366); M. Ramos 382 (Mu--4276, Ut--22208, W--1178292), Philip. Bur. Sci. 1410 (Bz--25363, N. W--626588); Ramos & Edano, Philip. Bur. Sci. 45318 (Bz--25361, Ca--308842, N, Pd); Villamil 258 [Herb. Philip. Forest Bur. 20294] (Ka--64784); Whitford 1335 (N, W--852078). Mindanao: M. S. Clemens s.n. [Camp Keithley, July 1907] (Bz--25364, Bz--25365, Bz--25367, Mu--4107, Mu--4706, Mu, W--850229); Sherfesee, Cenabre, & Ponce, Philip. Forest Bur. 21668 (W--837748); Villamil, Philip. Forest Bur. 22017 (W--1238300); Wenzel 2523 (Mi), 2563 (Br, Mu, N, N), 2758 (Ca--316959), 2760 (B), 3430 (Br, Ca--354967, Cp, Mu, N, N). Mindoro: E. D. Merrill 2162 (W--437110); Merritt, Philip. Forest Bur. 9912 (N). Ticao: W. W. Clark, Philip. Forest Bur. 1096 (W--626200). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Borneo: Kostermans 6895 (Ba). Java: Reinwardt s.n. (V). FIJI ISLANDS: Viti Levu: O. Degener 14481 (W--1943746); A. C. Smith 4307 (W--1965194), 6295 (W-- 1966528), 8881 (W--2191502). VITEX TURCZANINOWII f£. PUBERULA (H. J.:Lam) Mold., Phytologia 51: 163. 1982. Synonymy: Vitex heterophylla var. puberula H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 189 [as "(Miq.) H. J. Lam"]. 1919. Vitex hetero- phylla var. puberula (Miq.) H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 189. 1919. Vitex quinata var. puberula (H. J. Lam) Mold., Phytologia 3: 489. 1951. Vitex mindanaensis Merr. ex Mold., Résumé Suppl. 4: 21, in syn. 1962. Additional bibliography [for earlier lists see Phytologia 6: 103 (1957), 8: 77 (1961), 17: 31 (1968), and 49: 458.) L98LIEeH. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 47. 1921; Mold., Phytologia 51: 163 (1982) and 52: 134. 1982. Brooke describes this plant as a medium-sized tree and found it growing in light forests at 1000 m. altitude, flowering in Au- gust. Material of this form has been widely mis-identified and dis- tributed in herbaria as V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. On the other hand, the Canton Chr. Coll. 12613, Ching 5552, Curran, Philip. Forest Bur. 10338, Keng 1369, Merrill 2196, and Pételot 963, previously regarded as this form, are now regarded as repre- senting typical V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will., while Mungkim 45115 and Sutriano 34 are regarded as typical V. turczaninowii Merr. Additional citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Mindanao: Elmer 11602 (W--873093). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: Palit 16 [Boschproefst. bb.29476] (Mi). Sarawak: Brooke 10354 (W-- 2332023). Sumatra: Yates 1609 (Mi). MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Mangeli: Herb. Neth. Ind. Forest Serv. bb.29773 (Mi). AROE ISLANDS: Oed- jir: Herb. Neth. Ind. Forest Serv. bb.2548 (Mi). FIJI ISLANDS: 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 201 Viti Levu: A. C. Smith 9119 (W--2192126). VITEX UBANGHENSIS A. Chev. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 120. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 227 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 218 & 595. 1980. VITEX UMBROSA Sw. Additional bibliography: Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 182. 1797; Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 392--393. 1802; Sabine, Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 5: 455. 1824; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. l, Ps 5323 (1826) and ed. 2, 416. 1830; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 246 (1830) and ed. 2, 246. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 246. 1839; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 351. 1839; D. Dietr.,; Syn. Pl. 3: 612. 1843; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc. 473. 1845; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 87--88. 1845; Schau., Linnaea 20: 483. 1847; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 687. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 502. 1858; Ulrich, Internat. WUrterb., ed. 1, 254 (1871) and ed..2, 254. 1875; Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 607. 1927; Ekman, Arkiv Bot. Stockh. 22A: 51. 1929; Mold., Phytologia 1: 103 (1934) and 17: 120. 1968; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 49: 11291. 1968; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.15: 421. 1970; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 101 (1971) and 2: 573 & 931. 1971; Adams, Flow. Pl. Jamaica 636, 791, & 846. 1972; Ale- man Frias, Aurich, Excurra Ferrer, Gutierrez Vazquez, Horstmann, Lépez Rendueles, Rodriguez Graquitena, Roquel Casabella, & Schreiber, Die Kulturpfl. 19: 423. 19%2; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 8 (8): xxiii. 1973; Ledn & Alain, Fl. Cuba, ed. 2, 2: 318. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 32: 338. 1975; Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 595 & 654. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 44: 416. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 94, 363, 423, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 486. 1981. Although this species was originally described from Jamaica and Raeuschel (1797) lists it from '"Iamaica" and both Loudon (1832) and Sweet (1830) correctly credit it to the "W. Indies", Dietrich (1843) amazingly attributes it to "Ind. or." [eastern India]. The species is actually endemic to Jamaica. According to Loudon and Sweet, it was introduced into cultivation in England in 1824, and they call it the "bushy chaste-tree". Ekman (1929) avers that it grows "Throughout Haiti", but the species he is referring to is the very similar V. heptaphylla A. L. Juss. Similarly, Knuth (1927) records it from Venezuela on the basis of Pittier 8883, but the Venezuelan plant is Vv. compressa Turcz. Adams (1972) describes the true vy. umbrosa as a “Tree 8--15 nm. high; bark flaky; trunk up to 1 m. in diameter, fluted at base; leaves with (4) 5 (-6) leaflets; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, broadly cuneate to rounded at base, obtuse to shortly and bluntly acuminate at tip, up to 20 cm. long and 8.5 cm. broad; petioles up to 11 cm. long; petiolules 0.6--4.5 cm.; inflorescences axillary; calyx 3--5 mm. long; corolla purple to blue-violet, hairy, about 14am. long; drupe yellow." He states that in Jamaica the tree is occasional in pasture margins and on wooded hillsides, from 500 to 202 PHS Yer /0, E016 A Vol. 52, iNow 3 1800 feet altitude, flowering from May to September, and fruiting from June to September. He cites Harris 10579 & 11975 and Proc- tor 19783, and notes "Probably endemic, although reported from Hispaniola" —- as stated above, the Hispaniolan plant is Vitex heptaphylla. Recent collectors refer to V. umbrosa as a tree, 30--50 feet tall, the trunk to 50 cm. in diameter at breast height, the leaves light-green, the flowers scented, and the fruit orange in color, and have encountered it on wooded limestone hillsides and steep forested hillsides, at 1000--1400 feet altitude, in fruit in June and September. Stearn describes the corolla as "purple with a yellow blotch at the top of the lower lip". The Proctor 19783 collection is accompanied by a wood sample. The Ekman H.12643 and Valeur 630, 936,& 972, distributed as Vv. umbrosa, are V. heptaphylla A. L. Juss. Additional citations: JAMAICA: Proctor 19783 (W--2585137),; 36296 (N); Stearn 974 (Ba). VITEX UNIFLORA J. G. Baker Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 240. 1968; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 50: 942. 1969; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.15: 421. 1970; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 264 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 252 & 595. 1980. VITEX URCEOLATA C. B. Clarke Additional synonymy: Vitex n. 12 Hook. f. & Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 585, in syn. 1885. Additional & emended bibliography: C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 585--586. 1885; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. Fl. Sin. 2]: 259. 1890; Parkington, For- est Fl. Andam., imp. 1, 220 & 221. 1922; Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 201, 210, & 211. 1928; H. N. & A. L. Mold., Pl. Life 2: 70. 1948; Mold., Phytologia 17: 240--241. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 279, 285, 291, 298, 303, 307, 314, & 329 (1971) and 2: 572, 718, 721, 728, & 931. 19713; Mold., Phytologia 23: 438. 1972; Parkington, Forest Fl. Andam., imp. 2, 220 & 221. 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 266, 274, 275, 280, 288, 294, 298, 305, 319, 460, & 595. 1980;Mold., Phytologia 46: 466 & 483 (1980), 49: 452 (1981), 50: 252 (1982), ard 51: 282. 1982. Clarke's original (1885) description of this taxon is "leaves 3-foliolate glabrate, leaflets petioluled obovate shortly sud- denly acuminate entire, panicles compound thinly cinereous—tomen- tose branches elongate, calyx 1/8 -- 1/16 in. oblong or suburceo- late, corolla tomentose....A medium-sized tree (Maingay). Leaves (all the upper) 3-foliolate, a small leaflet rarely added; leaf- lets 5 by 2 1/4 in., obtuse, tip usually less than 1/4 in., with scattered white glands above and yellow beneath, petiolule of the middle leaflet often 1/2 in.; petiole 1--2 in., not winged. Pan- icles 8 by 5 in., terminal, penultimate sometimes added; cymes densely flowered clustered along the branches; bracts 1/8 in., linear, deciduous. Calyx minutely toothed at flower-time, much en- 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 203 larged, 1/2 in. diam. roundly 4-lobed in fruit. Corolla 1/4 -- 1/2 in., apiculate. This species differs from all the preceding by (inter alia) the large drupe. The inflorescence, calyx, corol- la and drupe are so like those of V. sumatrana (Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 567),that it may be a var. of it; but in V. sumatrana the leaves are mostly 5-foliolate and pubescent beneath." He cites as synonyms, V. heterophylla Schau., V. loureirii Wight, and Vitex n. 12 Hook. f£.& Thoms., in herb. He cites Griffith 6064 and Maingay 1205 & 1207, from Malacca, as cotype collections. Dunn & Tutcher (1912) cite V. urceolata from the Lienchow Riv- er, describing the corollas as “yellow", and found it in flower there in August. Parkington (1922) records it from both North and South Andaman Islands. Fletcher (1938) cites Put 992 & 1507 from Thailand. Dop (1928) cites Poilane 7450 & 7696 from Annam and Baiansa 4885 and Bon 832, 1207, 1646, 1748, 6001, & 6202 from Tonkin, Viet- nam. He comments that "Cette espéce me parait avoir été souvent confondue avec le V. quinata Williams, avec lequel elle presente une ressemblance telle que Koorders et Valeton ont reuni les deux espéces. Cependant, il existe un caractére important trés net sur lequel King et Gamble.....ainsi que Lam.....ont insisté: c'est que la corolle est entiérement glabre en dedans dans V. sumatrana et n'offre pas 1'anneau de poils blancs que l'on observe dans presque tous les Vitex a l'insertion des etamines. J'ai pu m'assurer que la forme des folioles (non acuminées ou courtement et brisquement ou longuement acuminées) n'avait aucune valeur difféerentielle. J'ai la conviction que la plupart des plantes chinoises rapportees au V. quinata Williams appartiennent au V. sumatrana var. urceolata. Les eChantillons récoltés 4 Hai nan par Henry (Herbier du Museum) appartiennent sans aucun doute a cette derniere espéce." It seems most probable to me that V. urceolata will eventually be found to represent a species of Teijsmanniodendron, rathar than Vitex. Recent collectors describe this plant as a stocky tree, 25--75 feet tall, the trunk to 1 foot in diameter at breast height, the wood moderately soft, whitish, soon discoloring to a dirty-white, odorless and tasteless, the bark thick, grayish-white, finely check- ed, the branches numerous above the middle, forming a dense elonga- ted crown, the twigs ascending, greenish-brown, with elongated lighter brown lenticels, the petioles green, ascending, the leaflets horizontally recurved, strongly conduplicate on the upper sublucid and darker-green surface, thickly coriaceous, the inflorescence e- rect, greenish, slightly fragrant, the corolla creamy-whitish (Elmer 11602), and the anthers purple-brown. They have found it growing in open grassland with fertile soil and in primary or virgin forests on red soil, at 3250 feet altitude, fruiting in November and December. They have recorded the vernacular name, “topas". Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as Vv. celebica Koord., V. glabrata R. Br., V. venosa H. J. Lam, v. pentaphylla Merr., and Teijsmanniodendron coriaceum (C. B. Clarke) Kosterm. 204 Pet T OL Or Gries Vol. 325 Bayes Additional citations: BURMA: Karenni: Kurz 1047 (Mu--1793). Tenasserim: Helfer 6068 (Mu--1355). MALAYA: Malacca: Griffith 6064 (Ld--cotype, Mu--692--cotype). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Mindan- ao: Elmer 11602 (Bz--24120, N, Vt). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumat-— ra: Krukoff 4244 (Br, Br, Bz--25428, E--1107115), 4339 (Br, Br, Bz--25429, E--1113015); Yates 1609 (N). VITEX VANSTEENISI Mold. Additional citations: Mold., Phytologia 17: 241. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 329 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 319 & 595. 1980. VITEX VAUTHIERI P. DC. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 502. 1858; H. N. & A. L. Mold., Pl. Life 2: 70 & 87. 1948; Mold., Phytologia 17: 241. 1968; Angely, Fl. Anal. Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 829 & xix. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 180, 375, & 396 (1971) and 2: 614, 727, & 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 172, 368, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 248. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a common tree, sun- loving, to 5 m. tall, and have encountered it in capoeira, in flower in October, and in fruit in February and October. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Murga Pires & Furtado 17330 and the fruit "rose" on Araujo & Maciel 4312. It should be noted that the Angely publication, cited above, is usually cited as "1970" (the titlepage date), but was not actu- ally published until 1971. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some her- baria as V. taruma Mart. Additional citations:BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Murca Pires & Furtado 17330 (Ld). Rio de Janeiro: Araujo & Maciel 4312 [Herb. FEEMA 19195] (Ld). Sao Paulo: Puiggari 957 (P). VITEX VELUTINA (Koord. & Val.) Koord. Additional & emended bibliography: Koord., Exkursionsfl. 3: :137 & 495. 1912; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pl. 3: 398. 19235 Janssonius, Mikrogr. Holz. 754, 758, 761, 763, 764, 767, & 822-- 824. 1926; Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Ned. Ind., ed. 2, 1: 24 (1927) and ed. 2, 2: 1320. 1927; Janssonius, Key Java. Woods 54--55. 1952; Mold., Phytologia 17: 241. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 319 & 329 (1971) and 2: 718, 731, & 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 309, 319, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 49: 454 & 455. 1981. Heyne (1917) lists this plant only from Kambangan, where, he says, its wood is used in house construction. Janssonius (1926) gives a very detailed description of the wood anatomy, which he a- vers is very similar to that of V. pinnata L. He describes the plant as a tree to 20 m. tall, the trunk to 40 cm. in diameter and rather straight. "Bast mit grauer Aussenseite. Holz von den Eingeborenen fllr den Bau von HY¥usern nur wenig benutzt." In his 1952 work he notes: "The uni-seriate mequllary rays numerous. The number of the vessels 5 to 15 to the mm. of the transverse secti- on. Wood rather coarse-textured, not flexible, not tough, specif- 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 205 ic gravity 0.47." Merrill (1923) says that this is "A Javan and Sumatran species to which H. Lam refers F. B. 3059 Borden, which is matched by Whitford 1335 and F. B. 25884 Alambra ¢ Borromeo, all from Bataan Province, Luzon. This form has yellow flowers and appears to me to be more clearly allied to Vitex turczaninowii Merr. than to V. heterophylla Roxb. = V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will., which has blue flowers, and to which V. velutina Koord. is closely allied. Additional citations" PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Borden, Philip. Forest Bur. 3059 (Po--64777, W--850963). VITEX VENULOSA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 241. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 232 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 222,& 595. 1980. VITEX VERMOESENI DeWild. Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 404. 1938; Mold., Phytologia 17: 241. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 232 & 245 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 2225 23550 595. 1980. VITEX VERTICILLATA A. Chev. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 241--242. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 227 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 218 & 595. 1980. VITEX VESTITA Wall. Additional synonymy: Vitex vestiat Wall. ex Mold., Fifth Summ. 2: 731, in syn. 1971. Vitex vestita Griff. ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 460, in syn. 1980. Vitex lanceifolia Liu & Yu, Act. Bot. Yun- nan. 2: 455. 1980. Vitex vestite Wall. ex Mold., Phytologia 50: 267, in syn. 1982. Additional & emended bibliography: Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 85 & 91. 1845; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candol. 3: 502. 1858; Bocq. in Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot. 3: 253. 1863; Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 272—-273 & 612. 1877; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f£., Fl. Brit. India 4: 587 & 588. 1885; Collett & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 28: 111. 1890; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 172. 1895; Greshoff, Meded. Lands Plant. 29: 126. 1900; Ridl., Agric. Bull. Straits Fed. Mal. St. 1: 219. 1902; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 1, 505 (1906) and imp. 3, 505. 1911; W. W. Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 9: 141. 1916; H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 48 & 54. 1918; E. D. Merr., Bibl. E- num. Born. Pl. 515. 1921; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 635. 1923; Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Ned. Ind., ed. 2, 1: 24 (1927) and ed. 2, 2: 1320. 1927; Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 207 & 211. 1928; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1077. 1932; Dop in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-chine 4: 839. 1935; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 405, 432, & 436. 1938; Kanjilal, Das, Kanji- lal, & De, Fl. Assam 3: 458, 478--485, & 561. 1939; Corner, Way- side Trees, ed. 2, 707 & 711. 1952; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Ma- 206 Puy TOF LsO"Gs Lea Vol. 52, ‘Now 3 lay Penins. 2: 2282. 1966; Mold., Phytologia 17: 242--243. 1968; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 17: 12. 1968; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 505. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 279, 284, 291, 298, 303, 307, 309, 331, & 375. (1971) and 22 717, 720, 722, 723, 7/3i5aGego 1971; Chan & Teo, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 20: 1582--1584. 1972; Farns- worth, Pharmacog. Titles 8 (1): xvii. 1973; Mold., Phytologia 28: 445 (1974) and 34: 20, 264, 266, & 280. 1976; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 65: 6769. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 38: 308 (1978) and 44: 486. 1979; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.33: 86. 1979; Liu & Yu, Act. Bot. Yunnan 2: 455. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 266, 274, 280, 288, 290, 294, 298, 319, 321, 368, 460, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 49: 182 (1981) and 50: 254, 267, & 270. 1982. Kanjilal and his associates (1939) list this species from As- sam. Burkill (1966) refers to it as "A small tree found from Burma to western Malaysia; in the [Malay] Peninsula it is found in the southern half and in Penang. The wood is white and not dur- able. It is used as fuel and for rafters." Greshoff (1900) avers that extracts from the plant are said to produce abortion, but he gives no details. Burkill states that the vernacular name, "bangas", is usually applied to Memecylon and "chichah" is ap- plied to Vitex velutina"in confusion with Whitfordiodendron, &c." and "tampang besi" “in confusion with Clerodendron". He also thinks that the name, "kepayan". may be applied to Vitex vestita in error. Miquel (1860) records the vernacular names, "madang-alahan" and "marambang". Collette & Hemsley (1890) list the species from the Shan Hills [Burma] at 4000 feet altitude, giving its overall distribution, as known to them, as "Burma to Malacca, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo". Williams (1905) cites Schmidt 294 & 434. Heyne (1917) refers to the species as a tree, to 40 m. tall or more, "op het Maleische Schiereiland veelvuldig voorkommend. Het lichte, witachtig reekleurige hout wordt gebruikt voor dak- sparren en brandhout; het is veel minder in kwaliteit dan het van V. pubescens" Vahl. Hallier (1918) cites wallich 1750b from Penang, two unnumbered Korthals collections from Sumatra, and Beccari 1633 from Sarawak. As to its distribution, he says: "Murmah, nach Bambel Halbinsel Malakka und Singapur. Das von Clarke behauptete Vorkommen auf Java ist zweifelhaft, da die von Dr. Ploem usw. gesammelten Exem- plaren in Hb. L.-B. auch aus dem Hort. Bogor. stammen kU¥nnen." Dop (1928) cites only Wallich 1750, as well as Spire 462 from Laos. Fletcher (1938) cites, from Thaitand, only Kerr 6238 and Schmidt 434, giving its distribution, as known to him, as Burma, China, Laos, and Penang. Corner (1952) calls it the "common yellow vitex" and describes it as "A small tree like vy. gamosepala but:-- Twigs, inflores- cences and undersides of the leaves clothed with fine hairs: leaf- lets with 8--10 pairs of side-veins. Flowers rather smaller: calyx with 5 minute teeth"; listing it as only from Burma and western Malaysia, "frequent in Malaya". Recent collectors describe vy. vestita as a small or medium-sized 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 207 tree or treelet, 5--21 m. tall, or as a shrub or undershrub [or, according to Stone, a climbing vine], the bole often 12--25 feet high, the trunk crooked, often 8--15 cm. in diameter at breast height and a girth of 90 cm., the bark smooth or scaly, gray or grayish to grayish-brown, light-brown, or brown, often light-gray and brown mottled, the outer bark often green, the inner bark pale-gray or gray to almost white, sometimes yellowish to pale- orange, the sapwood white, pale-yellow, or yellowish to pale- orange, the twigs "covered with tomentum", the leaves 3--5-folio- late, completely hairy or merely pubescent along the veins, cov- ered with tiny golden scales between the veins, the petioles and secondaries covered with very fine, thin, brown hairs, the whole inflorescence softly pubescent, the inflorescence-axes greenish, covered with very fine, thin, brown hairs, pedicels green, the flowers 1/4 inch long, the calyx green or greenish, softly pubes- cent, the corollas bilabiate, softly pubescent, the anthers gray or with a dark-gray rim, the filaments yellow, the pistil white, and the immature fruit green or greenish to light-yellowish, ma- turing through yellowish-green and greenish-brown to black, berry-like, 1/4 inch in diameter. The corollas are said to have been "yellowish" on Aban SAN.93083, "greenish-yellow" on Aban & Petrus SAN.90667 and Binideh SAN.63163, “chrome-yellow" on Ban- yang & Sibat S.21522, “lemon-yellow" on Clemens & Clemens 29758a, "yellow" on Charenphoel & al. 1975, Hardial 343, Ilias & al. S. 34160, Iwaksute & al. M.13686, Larsen & Larsen 32697, Maxwell 77-13, Mujin SAN.18842, Sinclair 4785, Syme & al. 6667, and Tur- nau 886, "white" on Larsen & al. 31575, and “pale-rose" on Kingdon-Ward 17627. Collectors have found this plant growing in both primary and secondary forests, in mixed dipterocarp and swamp forests, on gentle slopes covered with old secondary forests, on hillsides and forested rocky mountainsides, on ridges and sandstone ridge- tops, in evergreen forests and open areas in them, in logged-over areas and disturbed ground, in red and sandy soils, along streams, trails, and roadsides, on riverbanks, in lowland areas, and on steep slopes in rich clay soil, as well as in riverine jungles and at the edges of marshes, from sealevel to 1800 m. altitude, in flower in January, February, April to June, and August to Novem- ber, and in fruit from December to March, as well as from June to October. The additional vernacular name, "bdte-béte", has been recorded. Stone makes the remarkable statements (for his no. 6667) that the plant was a "vine, leaves trifoliolate, flowers and inflores- cense-axes dotted with tiny yellow glands, calyx 2-toothed, ovary conic, yellow, fruit purplish-black" and (for his no. 6157) "a climber, leaves pinnate, flowers yellow, tubular, Bilabiate". Clarke (1885) comments that the characters of the inflorescen- ces of V. vestita clearly point to a close affinity with V. gamo- sepala W. Griff. in the Subgenus Glossocalyx. Material of V. vestita has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as "Rubiaceae" and as Evodia sp. On the other hand, the Sinclair 9887, distributed as typical Vv. vestita, is re- 208 P HeYOT O6L.0/G71A Vol. 52; Nope3 garded by me as the type collection of its var. bracteata Mold., while Toroes 4698 & 5230 are f. glabrescens Mold. (the former number being the type collection), Maxwell 73-232 is the type col- lection of f. quinquefoliolata Mold., and Jong 4517 is V. longi- sepala var. longipes Mold. Additional citations: INDIA: East Punjab: Kingdon-Ward 17627 (N). THAILAND: Charoenplbd, Larsen, & Warncke 3975 (Ac); Larsen & Larsen 32697 (Ac, Ld); Larsen, Larsen, Nielsen, & Santisuk 31575 (Ac); Murata, Fukuoka, & Phengklai T.17428 (Ac), 1.17429 (Ac), 7.17473 (Ac). MALAYA: Johore: Ahmad S.351 (K1--13085). Pa- hang: Iwatsuki, Fukuoka, & Hutch M.13686 (Ac); Turnau 886 (K1-- 2885). Penang: C. Curtis 265 (Pd), 395 (Pd); B. C. Stone 6157 (K1--5809); Stone, Kam, & Beltran 11696 (K1--19390); Wallich 1750 (Pd), 1750b (Mu--1354, Pd). Selangor: Nur 34436 (W--2608302); Poore 1006 (K1--6006), 1193 (K1--6194); Sider 13197 (Ne--29777), s.n. [May 1969] (Ne--13716); B. C. Stone 6667 (K1--6250). Singapore: Cantley 125 (Pd); Hardial 343 (N); Maxwell 77-13 (Ac); Sinclair 4785 (W--2913179). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sabah:. Aban SAN.31162 (Ld), SAN.93038 (Ld); Aban & Petrus SAN.90667 (Ld); Bidin SAN.84805 (Ld); Binideh SAN.63163 (Sn); Clemens & Clemens 29758a (Mu); Madani SAN.92061 (Ld); Mikil SAN.31436 (Ld); Mujin SAN.18842 (Ld); J. Singh SAN.31115 (N); Talib & Marsal SAN.84840 (Ld). Sarawak: Banying & Sibat S.21522 (W--2902891); Ilias & al. S.34160 (Ac, Ld); Mamit s.n. [Herb. Sarawak Forest. Dept. S. 33435] (Ld). Sumatra: Boeea 7049 (W--1681965); Krukoff 319 (Mi, Mi, W--1702620), 4117 (W--1750545); Toroes 4238 (W--1681373), 4497 (W--1681385); yates 2140 (Pd). VITEX VESTITA var. BRACTEATA Mold., Phytologia 38: 308. 1978. Bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 65: 6769. 1978; Mold., Phy- tologia 38: 308. 1978; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.33: 86. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 298 & 595. 1980. Citations: MALAYA: Perak: J. Sinclair 9887 (Mu--isotype, N-- type, W--29446132--isotype). VITEX VESTITA f£. GLABRESCENS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 243. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 329 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 319 & 595. 1980. Toroes refers to this plant as a treelet. Material has been distributed in some herbaria as typical V. vestita Wall. Additional citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: Toroes 4698 (W--1681007--isotype),5230 (W--1681611). VITEX VESTITA £. MILLSII (Henderson) Mold. Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahres- ber. 59 (2): 417. 1939; Mold., Phytologia 17: 243. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 307 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 34: 266. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 298 & 595. 1980. Recent cdllectors refer to this plant as a small tree and have found it growing along logging roads, at 1200 feet altitude, 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 209 fruiting in July. Additional citations: MALAYA: Pahang: Collector undetermined 8082 (K1--8082). Selangor: B. C. Stone 5879 (K1--5593). VITEX VESTITA £. QUINQUEFOLIOLATA Mold., Phytologia 34: 20. 1976. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 34: 20 & 264. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 288 & 595. 1980. Citations: THAILAND: Maxwell 73-232 (Ac--type). VITEX VESTITA var. SIAMICA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 243. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 298 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 288 & 595. 1980. VITEX VESTITA £. UNIFOLIOLATA Mold., Phytologia 49: 182. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 49: 182 (1981) and 50: 254 & 270. 1982. The type locality of this taxon is on the track frém Kampung Seldok northeast to the large blang south of the summit of Gunung Bandahara, about 25 km. north-northwest of Kutajane, at 1000 nm. altitude. The collectors describe the plant as "scandent", to 8 m. long, the calyx brownish-green, the corolla whitish, and the young fruit subglobose, glossy-green, about 5 mm. in diameter, and have distributed it to herbaria misidentified as Clerodendrum sp. Citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: DeWilde & DeWilde- Duyfjee 13415 (Ld--photo of type, W--2921051--type). VITEX VESTITA £. WINKLERI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 243. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 329 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 319 & 595. 1980. VITEX VILLOSA Sim. Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 39 (2): 320. 1913; Mold., Phytologia 17: 243. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 253 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 242 & 595. 1980. VITEX VOLKENSII Glirke Additional & emended bibliography: J. G. Baker in Thiselt.-—Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 315 & 318. 1900; Mold., Phytologia 17: 243--244. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 232, 239, & 242 (1971) and 2: 716, 718, & 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 222, 228, 232, & 595. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 281. 1982. Baker (1900) cites only the type collection, Volkens 132. Schlieben refers to the plant as a shrub, 1--2 m. tall, with white corollas, and encountered it in open woods, at 300 m. altitude, flowering in January. The Mearns 262 & 269, cited by me in Phytologia 6: 219 (1958) prove actually to represent v. strickeri Vatke & Hildebr. and not V. volkensii. 210 POHGY E10) LOG 1A Vol. 52,°Noe 3 Additional citations: TANGANYIKA: Schlieben 5910 (Ld, Mu). VITEX VONDROZENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 244. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 264 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 252 & 595. 1980. VITEX WATERLOTI Danguy Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 244. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 264 (1971) and 2: 731 & 931. 19713; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 252 & 595. 1980. VITEX WELLENSI DeWild. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 17: 244. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 232 (1971) and 2: 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 222 & 595. 1980. VITEX WELWITSCHII Glirke Additional & emended bibliography: J. G. Baker in Thiselt.- Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 317 & 329. 1900; Irvine, Pl. Gold Coast 437. 1930; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 403. 1938; H. N. & A. L. Mold., Pl. Life 2: 68 & 89. 1934; Mold., Phy- tologia 17: 244. 1968; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 50: 942. 1969; Hock- ing, Excerpt. Bot. A.15: 421. 1970; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 225, 232, 239, 245, 247, 249, & 253 (1'971) and 2: 714, 7200 e720 eeu & 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 215, 222, 228, 235, 236, 238, 242, & 595. 1980. Baker (1900) cites only the type collection, Welwitsch 5644, from Angola. Leeuwenberg refers to th plant as a shrub, 5 m. tall, the leaves thinly coriaceous, and the immature fruit nearly obovoid, to 3 x 2.5 cm. in size, apically apiculate, and encoun- tered it at 515 m. altitude, in fruit in July. Louis found it in flower in October. The type specimen, in the British Museum herbarium, was photographed there by F. G. Meyer as his type photo- graph number Additional citations: CAMEROONS: Leeuwenberg 6182 (E--2160139). ZAIRE: Donis’ 3307 (Mu); Louis 2321 (W--2090931), 6292 (N), (W--2091109). ANGOLA: Welwitsch 5644 [F. G. Mey. photo 2993] (Gz-- photo of type, N--photo of type). VITEX WELWITSCHII var. LAURENTII (DeWild.) Pieper Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, imp. 1, 248. 1913; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 1929; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 403. 1938; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, imp. 2, 248. 1958; Mold., Phytologia 6: 223--224. 1958; Mold., Ré- sumé 139, 143, 381, 385, & 479. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 225 & 232 (1971) and 2: 714, 720, & 931. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 215, 222, & 595. 1980. VITEX WILMSII Glirke Additional bibliography: :Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 194. 1904; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 404. 1938; 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex ya Mold., Phytologia 6: 24 (1957) and 6: 224--227. 1958; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: 14362. 1959; Mold., Résumé 152, 154, & 479. 1959; Mold., Phytologia 8: 94. 1961; Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. Poison. Pl. S. Afr., ed. 2, 1055 & 1454. 1962; Compton, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. Suppl. 6: 66, 156, 177, & 178. 1966; Mold., Resumé Suppl. 16: 30. 1968; Van der Schijff, Check List Vasc. Pl. Kruger Natl. Park 81. 1969; Mold., Fifth Sum. 1: 253, 255, & 258 (1971) and 2: 727, 731, & 931. 1971; Palmer & Pitman, Trees South. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 1951, 1960, & 1961. 1972; Gibson, Wild Fls. Natal 93. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 242, 244, 247, & 595. 1980. Additional illustrations: Palmer & Pitman, Trees South. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 1960. 1972; Gibson, Wild Fls. Natal 92/93 (in color). 1978. Palmer & Pitman (1972) provide an excellent description of this species, but include var. reflexa as a synonym: "It is a large deciduous shrub or small tree up to about 7.6 m high with densely hairy twigs and silvery and often hairy foliage. The leaves, composed of 3--5 leaflets arising from one point, are borne on robust, hairy stalks up to about 5 cm long. The leaf- lets are 2.5--11 cm long and 1.3--6 cm broad, egg-shaped, oval, or widely lance-shaped, the tips round or pointed, often with a short jutting point, the base tapered or sometimes rounded, the blade often rough to the touch, very hairy or smooth, with the midrib and veins frequently woolly below [the smoother form is var. reflexa], the margins usually but not always untoothed (those on coppice shoots scolloped) and often outlined with a fringe of fine hairs. The leaflets are stalkless or with very short stalks. The mauve or white flowers are borne in branching heads on long stalks in the axils of the leaves from about August to November. The small cone-shaped fruits are surrounded by the enlarged, 5-lobed calyx. They ripen from February to March. Zulus use the tree as a prophylactic when serious disease breaks out in a kraal. The specific name honours Dr Friedrich Wilms, 1848--1919, German apothecary, who set us a druggist business in Lydenburg in the Transvaal in 1883 and collected largely in that District.: They report the vernacular names, “ama-khosikati", "um luthu", and "Wilm's vitex", and report that "This is a species of the northern and eastern districts -- of the north eastern Transvaal, Natal and Swaziland, with one record from the Transkei —- growing in woodland, in bushveld, sometimes on the banks of streams and on high, rocky, exposed mountain sides, from altitudes of 600 to 1800 m." Gibson (1978) refers to it as "A beautiful tree". Van der Schijff (1969) records it from Kruger National Park on the basis of his no. 3964. Compton (1966) also avers that it is "a handsome plant". growing on hillsides in Swaziland and there called "emakhosikati". Recent collectors describe it as a small tree, to 20 feet tall, or a “scandent shrub" [zdwards 3279], and have encountered it in scrub forest on white sand and "common" in short bushveld on rocky slopes, at 400--2000 feet altitude, in flower in November and in fruit in March. [to be continued] BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "DAWN OF MODERN SCIENCE" by Thomas Goldstein, xix & 297 pp., 57 b/w fig. & 3 maps. Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston, Massa- chusetts 02108. 1980. $12.95 hatdcover & 1982 $6.95 paper- cover. Books - texts - on some phase of the history of science have usually been written by either some kind of scientists with a kind of flare for the pertinent history or by some kind of his- torians with a concomitant flare for the pertinent science. This humanist author has an evidently very alert mind, yet he "grew up with a profound distrust, not to say hostility, toward science and its modern twin, technology". (Shame on some early teacher(s) who did not show him the beauty in science content and methods which he found so readily in literature, art and philosophy!) Through their beginnings he became fascinated with their develop- ment mainly in medieval times. This author's text is spellbinding! It presents the idea of the earth in Renaissance Florence, its ancient roots, the school at Chartres, the influence of Islan, Scholastics, thystics and alchemists, art and science in the Renaissance pivoting around Leonardo da Vinci, and an epilogue on the Tree of Knowledge. "To deprive science of the more intimida- ting aspects of its myth.....might have a liberating effect on our thinking." The bibliographical notes, arranged by chapters, are valuable short essays in themselves. "ROOT NODULES OF LEGUMES: Structure and Functions" by F. J. Ber- gersen, x & 164 pp., 25 b/w fig. incl. 10 photo & 15 tab. Research Studies Press of John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, Brisbane & New York, N. Y. 10158. 1982. $31.95. "Primarily a mechanism enabling survival of legumes in infertile environments or enabling successful growth when other plants com- pete strongly for available soil nitrogen," N,-fixation, ephemeral or perennial, in many, not all, legumes is accomplished by symbio- tic Rhizobium species limitedly within soil, but more efficiently within the 5 main types of sheltering root-nodules, The seven chapters in this monograph cover the author's experimental work and study in 1954 and ends with a discussing of the role of leg- haemoglobin. There are excellent TEM slide photos of nodule sec- tions. There are also several excellent biochemical cycle diagrams with the last one displaying almost the whole story. The text is effectively explanatory of the newer techniques for nodule, bac- teroid and host cell anatomy and properties such as electron transport to nitrogenase, energy-yielding metabolism and symbiotic functions. Zz 1982 Moldenke, Book reviews 213 "SYNTHETIC AND DEGRADATIVE PROCESSES IN MARINE MACROPHYTES" edited by Lalit M. Srivastava, xiii & 296 pp., 70 b/w fig., 23 tab., 20 photo. & 8 maps. Walter de Gruyter-Verlag, Berlin 30 & Hawthorne, New York 10532. 1982. This valuable text of 15 papers, opening remarks and recorded question-answer periods makes up the "Proceedings of a Conference held at Bamfield Marine Station, Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, May 16--18, 1980" and covers these topics: strategies for growth and reproduction, nutrition and culture, marine macrophytes in coastal ecosystems, and polysaccharides -- kelp farming and harvesting. Kelp as a commercial source of potash was temporarily important during World War I and of agar during World War II. Now such "seaweeds are important sources of food, several phycocolloids, pharmaceuticals and, more recent- ly, biomass for energy." "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS WITH PLANT PATHOGENS" edited by R. Charudattan & H. L. Walker, xiv & 293 pp., 23 b/w fig., 33 tab. & 2 maps. Wiley-Interscience Publication of John Wiley & Sons, New York, N. Y. 10158. 1982. $42.50. "The management of diverse weed populations requires an inte- grated systems approach that employs chemical, cultural, mechani- cal, biological, ecological and bioenvironmental methods" with the use of plant pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, phages, mycoplasmas) as quite new weapons against a "total loss of $14 billion annually". There are 14 papers and 15 abstracts on cur- rent experimentation and problems. There is an index of weed and crop plants with their common and scientific names as well as one with the microorganism-pathogens and the nematode and atthropod carriers. This is a clearly written text important for plant pathology, weed science, agriculture and similar students and researchers. "HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN PLANTS" edited by Homer M. LeBaron & Jonathan Gressel, xxix & 401 pp., 91 b/w fig., 10 photo., 60 tab. & 10 maps. A Wiley-Interscience Publication of John Wiley & Sons, New York, N. Y. 10158. 1982. $48.00. Many scientific workers and technicians will want this well organized, accurately and critically reported information based on carefully and succinctly recorded experiments with bibliograph- ic material presented for further checking. Many advanced students in related studies will appreciate it, too: "To date, 30 common weed species in 18 genera..... previously susceptible to the tria- zine herbicides have been found to be resistant. There have been local and rather isolated occurrences of resistance or increased tolerance in various weed species to several other types of herbi- cides, including phenoxys (e.g., 2,4-D), trifluralin, paraquat, and 214 P Wee oO) LeOre TA Vol. 52, No. 3 ureas (e.g., diuron)." Detailed tables give intraspecific dif- ferences in tolerance and/or resistance with herbicides listed first and again with the trial plants listed first. There is al- so a table listing the herbicides by common, trade, and chemical names and their manufacturers. The 18 papers comprising the text cover almost all phases of the topic and its experimental work very well. "EXPERIMENTAL EMBRYOLOGY OF VASCULAR PLANTS" edited by B. M. Johri, xvii & 273 pp., 81 b/w fig. incl. over 400 photo. & 7 tab. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg & New York, N. Y. 10010. 1982. $48.00. In the preface the editor states: "The totipotency of the plant cell, as envisaged by Haberlandt, at the beginning of the 20th century, has been fully vindicated. If, as yet we are not able to obtain the desired results in all instances, it is due to lack of proper techniques and insufficient knowledge about nutri- ent media and other physical and chemical conditions, which are essential for proper growth of cells, tissues and organs." Ten papers include the editor's introduction to those in vitro experi- ments mainly over the last 25 years, those“on pteridéphytes and gymnosperms and those on flower, anther, ovary, ovule, nucellus, endosperm, embryo and protoplast cultures. "The most spectacular achievements seem to be in vitro development of haploid plants from pollen." It is certainly fortunate that this book has been published, not in India, but in Germany by Springer. "VEGETATION MITTELEUROPAS MIT DEN ALPEN in Ukologischer Sicht" by Heinz Ellenberg, 989 pp., 499 b/w fig. & photo., 130 tab. & 31 maps. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Pf. 700566, 7000 Stuttgart 70, West Germany. 1982. DM.120. This is a most carefully prepared and richly detailed study that is copiously, effectively and variedly illustrated. It re- veals its debt to the earlier meticulous work of European plant geographers, yet is up-to-date in its present day ecological con- cepts. It just has a fuller background for them than some few American ecologists who get so involved in mathematical formulae and graphs that they seem to forget to contrive to learn the identity, variation ranges and growing habits and associations of the plants (and animals, too) themselves. Use of this book is important for all serious workers in phytoecology and any of its subdivisions or branches. Fortunately the many legended illus- trations and a German-English dictionary, as well as the use of the scientific botanical names involved, will help those whose earlier school days were freed from conjugating irregular German verbs. 1982 Moldenke, Book reviews 25 "BIOSYNTHESE NIEDERMOLEKULARER NATURSTOFFE" by Horst Robert Schltte, 176 pp. & 150 fig. , Gustav Fischer-Verlag, Pf. 176, 6900 Jena, West Germany. 1982. 30M. locally, 36 M. for- eign, paper-—bound. This is about the eighth treatise in the "Bausteine der Modernen Physiologie" series and it is planned as a short term or topical text for advanced students in biology, biochemistry, pharmacy, medicine and agriculture. The introduction explains replication of and evolution of these and related natural] substances. The fol- lowing chapters deal with the biosynthesis of the basic amino acids, porphyrines, pyrimidines, purines, cholesterol, phenyl- prophane substance exchange, glykogoids, alkaloids, etc. Because of the basic universality of chemical terms used in the chemical cycles and figures, students reading only English or other lan- guages can still derive much from this book, as, of course, all German-speaking students can. "LIFE IN DARWIN'S UNIVERSE -- Evolution and the Cosmos" by Gene Bylinsky, xiv & 238 pp., 51 b/w fig., 4 maps & 10 color fig. Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York 11530. 1981. $17.95. This interesting account starts “in the beginning" with the "big bang" (What was before that?) and then surveys how the earth became suitable chemically and physically for life and how life evolved. Since the "stardust" of which all life has been made exists throughout the entire universe and is subject to the same laws of physics, chemistry, mathematics and evolution, in- telligent life may be found on other habitable planets of com- parable age. More distant prospective planets may now be studied by the newer radio astronomy. "The basic nonrepeatabilty of evo- lution argues against exact duplicates of humans existing any- where else," but not for the grotesque products of the movies. This book should appeal to a wide range of inquisitive readers who will also appreciate the illustrations by Wayne McLoughlin. The final question in the text is important: "Is life on Earth intelligent enough not to wipe out the human race and most of the other life off the face of the Earth in the madness of a thermo- nuclear holocaust before discovering man's real worth and his place among the wonders of Darwin's universe." "ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY Volume 20" edited by Raymond G. Grogan with George A. Zentmyer & Ellis B. Cowling, xi & 467 pp., 28 b/w fig., 9 photo. & 5 tab. Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, California 94306. 1982. $22.00 U.S.A. and $25.00 foreign. The prefatory chapter is presented by Kenneth F. Baker and covers his worthwhile meditations on 50 years as an apolitical 216 P Hoy: TiO) LVOxG TeA Vol. 52, Nos 3 plant pathologist, Interesting historical perspectives are given Eor DeBary, Duggar and Chupp. The 17 technical papers treat many modern problems such as satellite and satellite-like viruses or nucleic acids or RNA which are unable to multiply in cells without the assistance of a specific "helper" virus and have no sequence homology with the helper virus genome. They are associated with some diseases of different food crops. Other papers deal with genetics and epidemiological modeling of break- down of plant disease resistance, X-ray microanalysis with elec- tron optical equipment, the potenhtial for biological control of plant diseases by saprophytic fungi on the leaf surface (=phyllo- sphere or phylloplane), abundant evidence of the ways in which agricultural practices facilitate the spread of viruses and their vectors, closed system agriculture, and the advances of the sci- ence of plant protection in the People's Republic of China. And there is much more. Advanced phytopathology students and scien- tists really need to be aware of all the information that is con- tainéd in this fine series of books. "ENVIRONMENT AND PLANT ECOLOGY" Second Edition by John R. Ether- ington, xxii & 487 pp., 149 b/w fig., 34 tab., & 3 maps. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10158. 1982. $59.95. This is an excellent phytoecology text for undergraduate majors and graduate students with this and/or related specializations, in part because its parental first edition of 1975 was itself outstanding and also because it has been modernized effectively with the same clarity of presentation and explanation. It has a chapter added on waterlogged soils contributed by W. Armstrong. There are charts, tables and figures galore and of excellent for- mat for presenting important ideas and scientific research results -—- some of the best I have ever seen, but there is not a plant or a plant setting shown in the whole book. Somehow or other, that makes me feel uncomfortably deprived. "DISCOVERY: The Search for DNA's Secrets" by Mahlon Hoagland, xiv & 198 pp., 53 fig. & 2 tab. Houghton Mifflin Company, Bos- ton, Massachusetts 02107. 1981. $10.95. This effectively organized account of molecular genetics and of its scientists as people as well as researchers makes for very good reading. The author is recognized as one of the contributors to these studies involving gene, enzyme, sexual bacteria, genetic re- combination, double helix, RNA, etc. Incidentally these discover- jes "have solidly established the Darwinian view of evolution" since all living creatures have "proteins made of the same 20 amino acids, | all DNAs and RNAs are made of the same 4 bases, and all use the game genetic code and the same machinery for translating the instruc tions of DNA into protein." Br” : c * PHYTOLOBIA * , international journal to expedite botanical and BES BiBicdBh tication | } } a ‘Vol. ye (? December 1982 _ ; Nelatcas CONTENTS \ OSORIO, H. S., Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay. XVII. The scientific name of the ‘‘yerba de la (aS ROSAS TERE A ge gM eek MT) Cs iE RP Re 217 MORAN, R., Berberis claireae, a new species from Baja Pai eenia: and why not: Manoniar ) frais Dee ees tins A198 GOMEZ P., L. D., & GOMEZ-L., J., Plantae mesoamericanae RPI osc LP i 8 ta es POR cr A cg Cy a 227 “DARCY, Wea, Jaltomata werffii: a COLrectiOnN 6... 6c cs hes 230 Here epee H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy MS PIB eG Lata eer ahat hvala UemyeL meee a pect MaS E 230 _ MOLDENKE. H. N., Additional notes on the genus NTR IIEE ED a ENG. 8563525 sos voi, gin wate a oan, SUPE Ee Rig aS 2a2 -MOLDENKE. H. N., Additional notes on the genus Aegiphila. 4 My Foo iia Se xt 5 ats by wild, ne tae Mane Ae GS Chel taceiadied a hk ek 251 TURNER, B. L., A new species of Brickellia (Asteraceae) from MES EREL ALY INO XICO’ i 5 co's Ss aaah tcheces eee ete Ja, Rhve Mis ae iaiely pep _ KRESS, A., Eine ‘‘neue’’ Androsace-Art: Androsace studiosorum A. Kress, spec. nov. (Androsace primuloides) ....... 255 KRESS. A., Zur Nomenklatur der Androsace carnea Auct ....... 256 ot. De C., FUNG, H.-L., & BUT, P. P.-H., Some name- Biaeses for hedge DAINDGOSS ih Gand Me ated sie atte: 257 “HOCKING, SNE AIO TOLNCWS loo) go cea teidla dito Fa wee ek elaine 261 Ca ¥ P| Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $13.00 in advance or $14.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. CONTRIBUTION TO THE LICHEN FLORA OF URUGUAY XVII. The scientific name of the "Yerba de la Piedra". Héctor S. Osorio. Departamento de Botanica, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla de Correo 399, Montevideo, URUGUAY. The only lichen species occurring in Uruguay which po ssess a vernacular name is a saxicolous Usnea known as "Yerba de la Piedra"(Stone Grass). The first literatu- re record known by the author belong to Arechavaleta (1894) and the scientific name given is Usnea barbata. In this paper a list of lichen species identified by Muller Argau is added but the varieties of Usnea barba ta quoted: U. b. var. aspera Mull. Arg. and; b. var. strigosa Kremp. are reported as growing on bark. There is no doubt that J. Arechavaleta misinterpreted this species. In his work "La Vegetacion Uruguaya" Berro (1901) iden- tified the "Yerba de la Piedra" as Usnea hieronymi Kremp. and listed some medical uses. He also indicated that this lichen is largely distributed in the country As the author pointed out in a recent paper (Osorio 1981)in the lichen collection of M. Berro deposited at MVM the species Usnea_ hieronymi is not represented. The saxicolous Usneae which integrate this collection are: Usnea_amblyoclada (two collections) and Usnea densiros tra (five collections). In his "Florula Uruguayensis" Herter (1933) also named the Yerba de la Piedra as Usnea hieronymi Kremp. which is issued in his "Plantae Uruguayenses Exssicatae"under the number 318 and its distributional area extends through the whole country. In two subsequent papers (Herter 1933a, 1936) additional quotations of this spe- cies can be found. In a later paper (Herter 1943) de leted Usnea hieronymi from our flora and the name of Usnea densirostra Tayl. is applied to this species for the first time. The number 318 of the Exssicata is al- so identified with the new name. After the revision of some collections identified as Usnea hieronymi and ba- sed on the study of a large number of saxicolous Us- neae the author also concluded that this is the correct name for the "Yerba de la Piedra". In spite of the nomenclatural correction made by Herter in some succeeding papers the name of Usnea hieronymi was frequently misapplied thothe "Yerba de la Piedra" (Chebataroff 1944, Arrillaga de Maffei 1969, Koch de Brotosseteual. 1981). 217 218 PHY TO, L0G. rvA Vol. 52, No. 4 In the Lichen Herbarium of the Museo Botanico de Monte- video (at present deposited at MVM) four collections named Usnea hieronymi can be found.The revision of the se specimens proved that they can be referred to Usnea densirostra or Usnea_ amblyoclada as follows: URUGUAY: Maldonado, 1926, alt. 200 m., Herter Plantae Uruguayenses no. 318. Redetermined as Usnea amblyoclada (Mtll. Arg.) Mot. A sample of this number preserved in Farlow Herbarium was iden- tified by Motyka (1936/38 pg. 318) as Usnea densirostra Tayl. ” Maldonado: Cerro del Toro, IV.1926, collector unknown, Mus. Bot. Montevidens. nr. 2597. Re- determined as Usnea densirostra Tayl. ve Maldonado: Cerro Pan de Azucar, VIII.1928, Lombardo s.n., Redetermined as Usnea_ amblyocla- idali(Miles Arg.) Mot. u Maldonado: Cerro Pan de Azucar, IX.1932, col- lector unknown, Mus. Bot. Montevidens. no. 7102. This collection is a mixture of Usnea densirostra Tayl. and Usnea amblyoclada (MU11l. Arg.) Mot. Summing up the knowledge that exists of the three sa- xicolous Usneae involved in the present question is as follows: Usnea_ hieronymi Kremp.: its occurrence in Uruguay is reduced to a single collection made by Arechavaleta in the last century and published by Motyka (1936/38 pg. 649). Usnea_amblyoclada (MUll. Arg.) Mot.: is very scarcely collected in our country according with the litera- ture records (Motyka 1936/38, Osorio 1980 & 1981) and with the herbarium specimens below listed. Usnea densirostra Tayl.: is the most accurate name for the "Yerba de la Piedra". Within the saxicolous spe- cies of the genus Usnea in Uruguay this is the most commonly gathered as shows the below listed collec- tions from MVM and the private herbarium of the au- thor. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Usnea_ amblyoclada (MU1ll. Arg.) Mot. FLORIDA: Cerro Colorado, De Mata 67 (Herb. Osorio). MALDONADO: Cerro Pan de Azucar, Osorio 857; Sierra de de las Animas, Canada Totora, Osorio 5202. Usnea densirostra Tayl. CERRO LARGO: Arroyo La Tigra, Marchesi & Del Puerto Zonta Wee 197 Zia (MVM) ee DURAZNO: El Cordobes, Estancia Las Pitangas, El Prado, Osorio 2928. 1982 Osorio, Lichen flora of Uruguay 219 LAVALLEJA: Abra de Cotto, Osorio 6461; Arroyo Aguas Blancas and Hwy. 8, Legrand VII.1960 (MVM); Cerro Arequita, vid. Motyka, Osorio 2062; Cerro Penitente Gee. Motyka, Osorio 3289, 3291) Minas, Parque de Vacaciones de UTE, Osorio 4931; Villa Serrana, det. Motyka, Osorio 2029; 15 km SSW from Aigua, Achaval 6/8.V1I.1973 (MVM). MALDONADO: Abra de Castellanos, Osorio 6542; Abra de Perdomo, Osorio 1897, Philippi 28.VII.1968 (MVM); Cerro Pan de Azucar, San Martin 21.VII1I.1960 (MVM); Piriapolis, Cerro del Toro, Osorio 4596; Punta Ba- llena, Parque Lussich, Osorio 4606, 4609; Punta Co- lorada, vid. Motyka, Osorio 1852; Sierra de las A- nimas, Femenias VII.1981 (MVM). MONTEVIDEO: Carrasco, Canada de las Canteras, Osorio ZOD. ROCHA: Cerro del Negro (near Arroyo Valizas), Baeza 20.11.1973 (MVM); Castillos, Cerro de los Rocha, Oso BEOwso55; Hwy. 16, Cerro Aspero, Osorio 572; San Miguel, Cerro Picudo, Gortari 29.IV.1972 (MVM). SAN JOSE: Sierra Mahoma, Martinez Machiavello, 1.1.1955 (MVM) . TREINTA Y TRES: Quebrada de los Cuervos, Osorio 5970. SUMMARY. The saxicolous Usnea with the vernacular name of "Yer- ba de la Piedra" (Stone Grass) is erroneously identi- fied as Usnea hieronymi Kremp. in several publications and herbarium specimens. The accurate name for this plant is Usnea densirostra Tayl. LITERATURE CITED. ARECHAVALETA, J. 1894. Contribucién al conocimiento de los lf{fquenes uruguayos. Anales del Museo Nacional de Montevideo I: 173-186. ARRILLAGA DE MAFFET, B. 1969. Plantas Medicinales. Serie Nuestra Tierra No. 31: 1-60. Edit. Nuestra Tierra, Montevideo, Uruguay. BERRO, Me B. I901. La Vegetacion Uruguaya. Plantas que se hacen distinguir por alguna propiedad ftil o perjudicial. Anales del Museo Nacional de Montevideo II: 89-196. CHEBATAROFF, J. 1944, La Sierra Mahoma. Boletin Secci6n Investigaciones Botanicas, Instituto de 220 BH YOR: O00, Gt A Vol. 52, No. 4 Estudios Superiores, Montevideo, 1(1): 1-112. HEREER, Go. 938s. Florula Uruguayensis. Plantae Avasculares. Ostenia. Colecci6én de trabajos bot&anicos dedicados a Don Cornelio Osten, pgs. 7-84. Imp. Germano Uruguaya, Montevideo, Uruguay. HERTER | Gatos Sadi. Apuntes sobre la flora del Palmar de Castillos, Depar- tamento de Rocha, Repfblica Oriental del Uruguay. Ostenia. Coleccién de trabajos botanicos dedicados a Don Cornelio Osten, pgs. 193-204. Imp. Germano Uruguaya, Montevideo, Uruguay. HERTER, G. 1943. Plantae uruguayenses novae vel criticae. Pars IV. Revista Sudamericana de Botanica 7: 171-260. HERTER, G. & F. ROSA MATO. 1936. Excursi6én bot&nica al cerro mas alto del Uruguay. Revista Sudamericana de Botanica 3: 1-7. KOCH DE BROTOS, L., €. BOASSO, O. RICCIO DE MACHADO, C. GANDOLFO ANTUNEZ. ISIE e Enfermedades de las plantas, hongos superiores y sapr6é- fitas del Uruguay. Informe Técnico No. 9 pgs. 1-140. Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Direcci6én de Sanidad Vegetal, Montevideo Uruguay. MOTYEA it. 1938/38. Lichenum generis Usnea studium monographicum. Pars Sys- tematicas Vol. 1&1, 654" pasa, eopolae OSORMOF sic) Om eo Or Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguayithi eee chens from Sierra Mahoma, San José Department. Phytologia 45; 217-220. OSORTO FH > worse Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay. svi chens collected by Mariano B. Berro. PHYTOLOGIA 47; 393-396. BERBERIS CLAIREAE, A NEW SPECIES FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA; AND WHY NOT MAHONIA Reid Moran Natural History Museum, San Diego, California 92112 Two species of Berberis section Mahonia have been known from Baja California: B. higginsiae Munz and B. pinnata Lag.; and a new species quite different from these is made known below. Berberis higginsiae is very close to B. haematocarpa Woot. and perhaps not distinct and is also close to B. fremontii Torr. Marroquin (1972) cited specimens of all three species from northern Baja Calif- ornia but without distinct ranges and sometimes two species from one locality. Although Benson and Darrow (1981) did not list B. higginsiae in the synonymy of B. fremontii, they did ascribe B. fremontii to Baja California and map it in southern San Diego County, in the type region of B. higginsiae. This complex clearly needs study. Baja Californian specimens are variable in leaf form and mostly lack the fruit that is supposed to help distinguish these species; but I tentatively call them all B. higginsiae. Under this view, B. hig- ginsiae is common in the Sierra Juarez and less common on the west slope of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, extending from 675 m near Ojos Negros to 1900 m at the summit of Cerro Chato. It grows most commonly with Juniperus californica Carr, often also with Pinus quadrifolia Parl., and sometimes with P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Also, it is rare and doubtless relictual 175 km to the SSE, in the Sierra San Borja (Rancho Viejo, Brandegee in 1889; Tinajas de la Chona, 800 m, Moran 12825). According to Wiggins (1980:562), B. pinnata is occasional in the northern Sierra Juarez. The only Baja Californian collection I have seen, and the only one cited by Marroquin (1972), was made by Wiggins and Demaree (3995) in 1929 in a small box canyon with Xylococcus, Rubus, and Plantanus, 36 km north of Ensenada. From notes kindly sent by Dr. Wiggins and from labels on other collections, the place seems to be about 3 km SE of Rancho Jatay [or Guatay], where the road of that day climbed inland from the coast and started across the mesa towards Ensenada. Berberis piperiana (Abrams) McMinn, as usually understood, grows in the coast ranges of northern California and southern Oregon. Munz (1959:107) reported it also as less common from the San Gabriel Mountains to San Diego County and Baja California; but later (1974:245) he omitted it from the flora of southern California, perhaps referring the southern specimens to B. pinnata, This complex also clearly needs study. Wiggins (1980:562) reported B. piperiana as rare in northern Baja California, at 900-1700 m. I have seen no Baja Californian speci- mens from this complex except for the one mentioned under B. pinnata; and Marroquin (1972) cited no other. A third species of Berberis, described here as B. claireae, grows in a few canyons near the coast some 50 km south of Ensenada, below Eréndira. Fred Sproul brought this plant to my attention with a sterile 22 222 PHY 0°00 1G A Vol. 52, No. 4 specimen collected in December 1977. I later found a sterile speci- men (POM) collected in April 1925 by Marion Hill, a student at Pomona College. I have pursued this plant over the last four years. Berberis or Mahonia? Authors disagree whether to include Mahonia in Berberis or keep it a separate genus. In considering this question, Ernst (1964) pointed | out that the two groups have much in common, including chromosome number, Similar and somewhat unusual pollen, and susceptability to wheat rust; and Ahrendt (1961) argued that no distinction can be made in petals or stamens, as some have tried to do. Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolium forms sterile hybrids with several species of Berberis s.S. Ahrendt and Ernst both wrote that Mahonia seems to differ con- sistently from Berberis s.s only in having compound leaves. That way the distinction between them is simple and unequivocal, but is it natural? The leaves of Berberis s.s. are jointed at the base, much as the leaflets of Mahonia are jointed to the rachis and as the rachis itself is often jointed; and in one or more species of Ber- beris s.s., according to Ernst, the leaf is twice jointed. It thus appears that the simple leaf of Berberis s.s. is derived from the pinnate leaf of Mahonia. Is it certain that Berberis, separated only by simple leaves, is monophyletic? The primary leaves in most species of Berberis s.s. are reduced to simple or branching spines and in a few others are transitional between leaves and spines; and the foliage leaves are crowded on axillary short shoots. Thus the character of simple leaves in Ber- beris s.s. usually is supported by the presence of spiniform primary leaves and of short shoots. However, at least B. insignis Hook f. & Thomps. and relatives, of the eastern Himalaya, have simple primary leaves and no spines or short shoots. The leaves are pinnately veined as in Berberis s.s. and like the leaflets of most American species of Mahonia but unlike those of (most?) Asian species. The question is whether these plants can be simple-leaved members of Mahonia, spoiling the one key character of a one-character genus? Or are they best called a third group more or less coordinate with the other two? Thus the distinction of Mahonia from Berberis remains unclear. Shifting species from one group to the other may perhaps make the groups more natural if less easily defined. For the present, however, Mahonia is hard to defend as a distinct natural group, and I prefer to keep it in Berberis. Berberis claireae Moran, species nova. Frutex glaber rhizomatosus ] - 1.5 m altus, caule 1 - 3 cm crasso, ramulis hornotinis foliorumque rhachidibus muriculatis rubris. Folia 3 - 10 cm longa, foliolis plerumque 1 - vel 2 - jugis ellipticis apice vulgo obtusis 2 - 3-plo longioribus quam latioribus coriaceis minute papillosis 2 - 6 cm longis 8 - 20 (-33) mm latis utrogue latere 0 - 6 - spinoso-dentatis, nervibus e basi 3 - 5 subparallelis. Inflor- escentia terminalis 2 - 8 cm longa 2 - 5 cm lata paniculata vel racemo reducta 5 - 50 florata, pedicellis gracilis 3 - 12 mm longis. Flores 5 - 7 mm lati necessario flavi. Sepala 9 vel 12, interioribus obovatis 1982 Moran, Berberis claireae 223 4-5 mm longis. Petala 6 obovata 3 - 4 mm longa basi biglandulosa, glandibus nervalibus 0.5 - 1.0 mm longis. Stamina 6 dentata 1 - SS) mm longa. Pistillum breve stipitatum 1.5 - 2.0 mm longum, stigmate 1mm lato, ovulis 2. Bacca glauca ca. 5 mm longa et 4 mm crassa. Holotypus: Moran 30011 (SD, 1110283) yy inter species turmae Occidentalium in America occidentali nervatura palmata foliolorum suorum statim dignoscenda est. In hoc signo B. gracili similis est, sed foliolibus paucioribus (etiam solitariis) angustioribus mMagisque coriaceis, pedicellis longioribus, styliis brevioribus, fructibus parvioribus, seminibus tantum duobus differt. Stiff glabrous rhizomatous shrub 8 - 16 dm tall, usually crowded and then with narrow crown and few lower branches. Stems erect, soli- tary or few-branched from base, 1 - 2 (-3) cm thick, the bark smoothish, light gray; twigs terete, muriculate, dark red, in age gray. Rhizomes often 1 dm below ground, to 1m or more long, at first light yellow and 1.5 - 3 mm thick, later brown and 3 - 5 mm thick, the internodes ca. 5 - 15 mm long, each node at first with thin brownish triangular scale 4 - 5 mm long. Bud scales triangular, 2 - 5 mm long, 2 - 4 mm wide, dark red. Leaves 3 - 7 (-10) cm long, 2 - 6 (-10) cm wide, commonly 3- or 5-foliolate sometimes 1- to 7-foliolate; petiole and rachis bright red becoming dark, muriculate, sometimes persisting after fall of leaflets, the petiole 2 = 16 (=27)) mm long, ca. Os mm thick, broadened to sheathing triangular base ca. 2 - 4 mm wide with thin margins bearing stipular cusps to 1 mm long; leaflets sessile, conspicuously jointed to rachis, coriaceous, at first often red but soon deep green, somewhat lustrous, paler beneath, minutely low- papillose especially dorsally, nearly plane or slightly convex dorsally, Mectiy Clliptic, ca. 2 - 3 times longer than wide, obtuse to broadly acute at base and apex, spinose tipped, 2 - 4 (-6) cm long, 8 - 20 (-33) mm wide, the terminal one usually largest, the margins thickened, colorless, slightly revolute, entire or mostly with 1 - 6 ascending to spreading slender but strong acicular teeth 0.5 - 3 mm long, slightly convex to slightly incurved between teeth, the main veins 3 or 5 from base, subequal, subparailel, often flexuous, slightly projecting ventrally. Inflorescence 2 - 5 (-8) cm long, 2 - 5 cm wide, a sessile terminal panicle with sometimes several spreading racemose or compound branches and up to 50 or more flowers, or reduced to simple raceme with as few as 5 flowers; primary bracts deciduous by anthesis. Pedicels 3 - 12 mm long,ca. 0.3 mm thick, tipped with persistent discate receptacle ca. 1 mm wide, with pair of small acuminate bracteoles near middle or below. Flowers mostly February to April, a few to June, bright yellow, ca, 5 - 7 mm wide. Sepals 9 or 12, the outer ovate to suborbicular, broadly acute to rounded, 1.5 - 2 mm long, the inner obovate, cupped, 4 - 5 mm long, 2.5 - 3 mm wide, 3-veined. Petals 6, obovate, cupped, rounded to emarginate, 3 - 4 mm long, Obie 2 mm wide, 3-veined, with glands ca. 0.5 - 1.0 mm long and a third as wide along lower part of outer veins and so on either side of fila- ment. Stamens 6, epipetalous, 1.5 - 2.5 mm long, the anther ca. 1 mm long, truncate above, with tooth on each side below. Pistil ovoid, short stipitate, 1.5 - 2 mm long, the capitate stigma sessile, 1 mm wide, the ovules 2. Berries few per inflorescence, to 5 mm long and 4 mm thick, glaucous, yellowish green becoming reddish but not 224 PHY TOLOCGEA Vol. 52, No. 4 seen fully ripe; in October shriveled, hard, brown. Type Collection: Common on south arroyo bank and lower north-facing slope, Arroyo Hediondo 1.5 km from the mouth, 50 m elevation, 5 km SE of Eréndira, Baja California Norte, Mexico (near 30° 14.3'N, 116° 20.4 'W), 7 March 1982, Moran 30011 (Holotype: SD 110283; isotypes to go). Distribution: Baja California Norte: Known only from canyons between 5 and 20 km + SE of Erendira and within 5 km of the coast, at elevations of 25 - 75 m. Collections (SD unless otherwise noted): Arroyo Hediondo, 50 - 75 m, M28150, 28669, 30014; 0.5 km SSE of Penasco la Lobera, 30 m, (M26553, 26591, 27159, 27639, 28028; 2 km W of Cerro Solo, 50 m, Sproul 237, M27161, 27166; 2.5 km S of Cerro) Solo, 30pm, eM2 7.91; Arroyo San Antonio and tributaries, 25 - 50 m, M27618, 27637, 30051, 30056; San Antonio Canyon, "500 ft.", M. Hill 127 (POM). This species is names for Claire Brey, who greatly helped in exploring for it. Despite some searching in likely areas both north and south, I have thus far found B. claireae only in a few canyons from Arroyo Hediondo, 5 km SE of Erendira, to Arroyo San Antonio above Rancho San Antonio del Mar (Johnson Ranch) - a span of 15 km. It grows best at the foot of north slopes in the larger of these small canyons, more commonly where the south canyon wall is higher or steeper. It is not found in the more xeric vegetation of south-facing slopes or on the north bank of the arroyo. Just back from the south bank it may be rather common in a fairly dense low scrub, especially with Rhamnus insula Kell., Ribes viburnifolium A. Gray, Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Brew. & Wats., and Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roem. Smaller plants sometimes grow higher on the slope. Less constant and sometimes less intimate associates include Adenothamnus validus (Brandegee) Keck, Aesculus parryi A. Gray, Agave shawii Engelm. Artemisia californica Less., Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Esch., C. verrucosus Nutt. , Cercocarpus minutiflorus Abrams, Cneoridium dumosum (Nutt. ) Hook. £., Comarostaphylos diversifolia (Parry) Greene, Coreopsis maritima (Nutt.) Hook., Diplacus puniceus Nutt., Dudleya ingens Rose, Eriogonum fasciculatum Nutt., Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A. Gray, Galvezia juncea (Benth.) Ball, Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley, Malosma laurina Nutt., Pinus muricata D. Don (especially forma remorata (Mason) Hoover), Rosa minutifolia Engelm., Salvia brandegei Munz, S. munzii Epl., Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid., Venegasia carpesoides DC., and Xylococcus bicolor Nutt. The limited range, in mesic habitats along the coast, suggests that Berberis claireae may be a relict retreating with the warming and drying of the climate. I sent a leaf to Dr. Daniel Axelrod to see if it resembled any species he knew as a fossil; but he said no, he had nothing like it in his rather extensive collection of the genus. In Arroyo Hediondo it grows with Pinus muricata [especially forma remorata], which is local in Baja California more than 400 km southeast of its next most southern populations on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. Also here is Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, even more 1982 Moran, Berberis claireae 225 local in Baja California and over 500 km southeast of other populations: otherwise, it occurs in the coast ranges from Santa Barbara Co. to Oregon. According to Chaney and Mason (1954) it is locally more abundant in the discontinuous closed-cone pine forest, and it was with Pinus remorata in the Pleistocene flora of Santa Cruz Island. Two other associates of the berberis are confined to coastal northern Baja California (and the first on Isla Cedros) except for more northern occurrences on islands: Ribes viburnifolium on Santa Catalina Island and Salvia brandegei on Santa Rosa Island. Another relict in Arroyo Hediondo is Adenothamnus validus, a rare endemic monotype of coastal northwest Baja California. Ahrendt (1961) divided Mahonia into two groups, four sections, and 15 subsections, with a total of 110 species. (I am unable to evaluate this classification.) Treating the American (and especially the Mexican) species of Mahonia, but under Berberis, Marroquin (1972) accepted Ahrendt's American subdivisions of Mahonia without formally transferring them to Berberis. Ahrendt's two groups are (1) the Orientales, of Asia except for M. nervosa Pursh in western North America, and (2) the Occidentales, of western North America to Costa Rica. He separated the Orientales chiefly by the long and persistent bud-scales; and on this basis B. claireae clearly falls in the Occidentales. Ahrendt (1961:331), and following him Marroquin, divided the group Occidentales into three sections. From their keys B. claireae falls in section Aquifoliatae, of British Columbia to Guatemala; and it agrees in the main with the descriptions. However, it does not agree with any species described. A striking character of B. claireae is the palmate leaflet venation, with 3 or 5 subparallel and nearly equal veins from the base. In other west American species of Occidentales, venation is pinnate - or at most in broader leaflets sometimes varies to subpalmate, with smaller and shorter lateral veins from the base. Venation is palmate also in B. nervosa Pursh of central California to British Columbia, the sole American survivor ofthe group Orientales. That differs sharply from other American species in its large and persistent glumaceous bud scales. It differs from B. claireae further in many ways, having larger racemes, flowers, and fruits, and larger leaves with longer petioles and with 7 - 21 larger and more widely spaced leaflets. Thus, B. claireae differs from all other west American speciles of Occidentales in its leaf venation. To judge from Ahrendt's numbers, which are incomplete but suggestive, it differs from them further in having only two ovules per ovary instead of 3 - 18. It is hard to place B. claireae within the Occidentales. The most similar leaflet venation I have found is in B. gracilis Hartw. (subsection Schiedeanae), of northeastern Mexico: the leaflets there are more variable but sometimes are palmately 3 - 5-veined from the base. The leaves are somewhat thinner and are glabrous instead of papillose. As described by Ahrendt (1961:343), the leaves of B. gracilis have 2 - 6 pairs of leaflets, the lowest 2 - 4 cm above the 226 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. 4 base; leaflets are ovate, 3.5 - 5 cm long, 1.5 - 3 cm wide, with margins 10 - 12-spinose-serrate; racemes are 1 - 3, fascicled, dense, suberect, 3 - 8 cm long; pedicels are 1 - 3 mm long, or to 4 mm in fruit; ovules are (3-) 4 - 5; and berries are 10 - 12 mm long, 5.5 - 7 mm thick, with styles 1 - 1.5 mm long. Thus the plant is quite different. Dr. Michael Donoghue kindly examined Mexican and central American specimens of Berberis at the Harvard University herbaria. He found at least some leaflets with more or less similar venation in B. longipes (Standl.) Marroguin. B. moranensis (Hebenstr. & Ludw.) I.M. Jtn., B. nigricans O. Kuntze, B. schiedeana Schlecht., and B. tinctoria (Teran & Berl.) Nemo. From his brief comparisons, however, he concluded that on the whole none of these species seemed closer than B. gracilis to B. claireae . I therefore tentatively nominate B. gracilis as next of kin. If B. claireae is indeed closest to species of mainland Mexico, its occurrence onthe northwest coast of Baja California seems remarkable. It differs from B. gracilis notably in having more coriaceous leaves, a reduced number of leaflets (sometimes only one), and a smaller fruit with only two seeds. Being far from large herbaria, I am grateful to those who rummaged through Berberis folders seeking answers to my questions: Annetta Carter at the University of California at Berkeley, Dr. Michael Donoghue at Harvard University, and Dr. Jerzy Rzedowski at the Instituto Politécnico in Mexico City. REFERENCES CITED Ahrendt, Leslie W.A. 1961. Berberis and Mahonia: a taxonomic re- Visione,) vis inns Soco; Bot. 7.572) = )4106 Benson, Lyman, and Robert A. Darrow. 1981. The trees and shrubs of the Southwestern deserts. Ed. 3. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson. Chaney, Ralph W., and Herbert L. Mason. 1934. A Pleistocene flora from Santa Cruz Island, California. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 415:1 - 24. Ernst, Wallace R. 1964. The genera of Berberidaceae, Lardizabalaceae, and Menispermaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 45:1 = 35. Marroquin de la Fuente, Jorge. 1972. A monographic study of the genus Berberis L. in Mexico. Ph.D. thesis, Northeastern University, Boston, Mass. Munz, Philip A. 1959. A California flora. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. - 1974. A flora of southern California. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. Wiggins, Ira L. 1980. Flora of Baja California. Stanford Univ. Press. PLANTAE MESOAMERICANAE NOVAE. VII* by Luis D. Gomez P. & Jorge Gomez-L. Museo Nacional, San José, Costa Rica X anthosoma croatana sp. nov., rhizoma breve tuberosum, lactescens, latex albidus siccando aurantiacus. Foliorum petioli cassiusculi pa- llide virides, pilis densissime obtecti, vagina membranosa instructi, 30-50 cm longi, basi 3 cm crassi apicem versus attenuati; lamina a- dulta 30-40 cm longa, 22-30 cm e parte media lata, opaca, pallide virides, utrimque velutina, pilis 1-2-cellulatis hyalinis, cordato- ovata, lobo antico acuto vel obtusisculo, lobis posticis obtusiuscu- lo-subtruncatis vel pauciter rotundatis; nervis lateralibus primari- is lobi antici utrinque 5, pilosis, nervis collectivis 2 marginibus distantibus (interno 2-3 mm, externo 5-6 mm). Pedunculus 1 cm crassus 30-35(40) cm longus, pilosus. Spathae tubus globosus, +5 cm, utrim- que virens, apicem constrictus, constrictione (fauce) purpurea, in- tus pauce glanduloso-pilosus, glandulae sessiles, in maturitas forti ssime clausus, nitentes; lamina spathae in maturitatae caduca, ellip- tico-lanceolata, utringque alba, pilosa, nervis violascentibus ex faucem effussis deinde incoloribus, 12-14 cm longa, 4.5-6 cm lata. Spadicis stipes 3-4 mm longus, inflorescentia feminea 3.5-6 cm lon- ga, cylindrico-inflata, vix 100-florata, albida; inflorescentia mas- cula 6-7 cm longa, e medio 1 cm crassa, viride-violacea, in maturi- tate putrescente et caduca. Grana sulphurea, laeves, 2-3-4-adas co- alescentes, vix 70Oum. Ovaria ovoidea annulo stylino eburneo, in sic- co brunneo atque stigmate rotundo instructa. Semina subconica, lon- gitudinaliter sulcata, 0.6 mm longa, alba. Infructescentia globosa, albo-virens, laminae spathae scariosae coronata. Obviously a member of the x. pilosum-mexicanum group. It differs from both those species in the densely velutinous surfaces of the leaf, the length of the peduncles and the coloration of the spathe. The new species is named in honor of Dr. Thomas Croat of Missouri Botan- ical Gardens for his many contributions to the knowledge of Araceae. HOLOTYPUS: Rio Cabuyo, apx. 40 km NW of Canas, Guanacaste. Gordon Frankie & L. D. Gomez 18489 (CR). Isotypi: MO, F, K. PARATYPUS: Po- zo Azul de Abangares, Guanacaste, C. E. Valerio s.n. 29-8-81, USJ 23464 & 23465. * Partially financed by grants from CONICIT and The Tinker Founda- tion to the senior author. 227 228 POH Yr 07L 0 Gt A Vol. 52, No. 4 Cyperus costaricensis 3 omez-L., sp. nov., culmus 60-160 cm altus; lamina foliorum 1-2 cm lata, longitudinaliter profunde sulcata;brac- teae ca. 12, folia similes; inflorescentia supradecomposita; glumae cellulare-reticulatae, carina prasina, marginibus rubiginosis, faci- le distinguitur. Sectio Diffusi Kunth. Planta perennes, rhizomate breve, recto, crasso; radicibus fibrosis, fuscis; culmus erectus, rigidus, trigonus, 60-160 cm altus, subanthe- la ca. 7 mm crassus, plerumque laevigatus, minute marginibus scabrus, plurifoliatus; folia culmum superantia, lamina linearia, 1-2 cm la- tae, herbaceae, tricostatae e medio longitudinaliter profunde sulca- tae, marginibus minute scabra, etiam nervo medio dorsalis, apicem acuminatae; vaginae purpureo-suffusae; bracteae ca. 12 folia similes, inaequalis, aliquod inflorescentiam superantes; bracteolae evaginantes, lineare-lanceolatae, margine scabrae; inflorescentia supradecomposi- ta, diffusa, ampla multiradiata, 11-27 cm longa, 9-35 cm lata; radii patentes, valde inaequalis, rigidis, subtrigonis, laevis, usque 1.5 mm latis; prophyllis exsurgentis, multinervosis, purpureo suffusis, orae oblique secta postice scabra longe producta; radioli secundarii et tertiarii divergentes; spiculae numerosae, 3-6-digitatae, radian- tes, oblongae, 4-6 mm longae, 1.5 mm latae, turgidae, 10-12-flarae; rachilla recta, exalata; glumae ovatae, 1.1-1.3 mm longae, cellulare -reticulatae, carina prasina, mucro breve, recto vel excurvo corona- ta, gluma lateraliter sanguinea; stamina 3; stylus profunde trifidus; achaenium 1.2 mm longum, 0.6 mm latum, ovatum, triquetrum, breviter apiculatum, castaneum, nitens. A member of section Diffusi Kunth it is distinguished from its con- geners by the width of leaves and bracts, the glumes with their green carinae and reddish sides and the number of stamens. HOLOTYPUS: Fal- das de la Fila Volcan Muerto, San Ramon, Alajuela 1000-1100 m, Gomez Laurito 8322 (CR). ISOTYPUS: F. PARATYPI : 6658 & 6659 J. Gomez-L., CR, J.G-L. 8320 MO. Additional material: same locality, Gomez-L., 8248, CR. Pterichis leo sp. nov., habitu P. galeata Lindl. et P. weberbauri- ana Krdnzl. similis, sine dubio his speciebus proxima, differt la- bello rhomboideo, longitudine latitudine subaequantia, petaliis non unguiculatis. Herba paludosa, parva, totta piloso-glandulosa viscidula; caulis bre- vissimus radices carnosissimas emittens, simplices. Folia una (raro 2-3) cito decidua, 7-8 cm longa, 15-17 mm lata, apicem acuta, viride, nervo medio purpureo. Inflorescentia adscendentes usque ad 30 cm lon- ga, 10-15-florae, piloso-glandulosa; pedunculus +20 cm longus, brac- teae distantes, arcte vaginantes, acutae 35-40 mm longae, 12-14 mm latae. Flores adscendentes, non resupinatas, pedicellus cum ovario 15 mm longus. Sepalum intermedium lanceolatum, acutum, purpurascens, 9-9.5 mm longum, 3.8-4 mm latum, extus piloso-glanduloso, intus gla- 1982 Gémez P. & Gémez-L., Plantae mesoamericanae 229 brus, marginibus pellucidis; sepala lateralia lanceolata, acuta, 6- 7 mm longa, 4 mm lata, recurvata. Petala libera e basi oblique cur- vatim lanceolata, apicem obtuso-rotundata, 8-9 mm longa, 3-3.2 mm lata, virides sed purpureo suffusa; tepala omnia trinervia, nerviis xerampelineis. Labellum arcte incurvatum et longitudinaliter plica- tum, apicem breviter lobulatum, 7 mm longum, e parte media vix 10 mm latum, basim recto vel pauciter excavatum, apicem obtusum, carno- sum, glandulis papillatis marginibus obtectus, glandulae flavae. Co- lumna teres, truncata, brevissima, 2 mm longa; pollinia fusiformia, 1.5 mm longa, stipitibus viscidio communi punctiformi atropurpureum conniventibus; rostellum leviter productum, obtusum. Capsulae angus- te ellipsoideae, 12-15 mm longae, vix 4 mm diametro, 6-costatae. HOLOTYPUS: In sphagnetum, 3 de Junio, Prov. de San Jose, 2800-3000 m, J. Gomez-L. 1243, CR. PARATYPUS: In bog, Cerro de Ja Muerte, Car- tago, 3100 m, L. Glicenstein in L.D.Gomez 18574, CR. The new species is named in honor of Leon Glicenstein, ardent student of our native orchids, for his many years of devoted and careful fieldwork. The Costa Rican representatives of this mainly South American genus can be separated as follows: ]- Labellum chartreuse or very pale sulphur yellow, rounded cordate at base, apiculate-subulate at apex, with 2-3 veins on each side, these 1-3-branched. Lateral petals usually adhering to the dorsal ES aoa Ss die ss oS oe wees P. costaricensis 0. Ames & Schweinf. 1+ Labellum xerampelinum or greenish-marron, with marginal yellow papillae, straight or excavate at base, obtuse and flat at apex, with 4-6 veins/ side, these 1-forked. Tepals all free... P. leo NEW RECORDS Cyperus digitatus Roxburg, J.Gomez-L 6854; 6855; 6356, Cabezas, P. of Puntarenas; J. Gomez-L. 7085; 7086, La Cruz, Guanacaste. Cladium jamaicense Crantz, Holst & Soto s.n. in Gomez-L. 8328,8329, Cahuita, Prov. Limon. Mariscus pedunculatus (R. Br.)T. Koyama [Remirea maritima Aublet ] C.. Es Valerio 52, Tortuguero, Prov. Limon. Hypolytrum longifolium (L.C.Rich.)Nees ssp. nicaraguensis (Liebm. ) T. Koyama, Gomez-L. 790], 7902, Tortuguero, Prov. Limon. Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.)L., Tierra Blanca de Cartago, Gomez -L. 8629, 8630 [fide Wn. Burger, in 1itt.]. Agalinis hispidula (Martius) D'Arcy, Gomez-L. 7034,7035, La Cruz, Pro- vincia Guanacaste. JALTOMATA WERFFIT: A CORRECTION W. G. D'Arcy MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN The recent publication of Jaltomata werffii D'Arcy (PHYTO- LOGIA 52:9. 1982) contained a typographic error (werfii in- stead of werffii) which is hereby corrected. The species was named for Henk van der Werff, and the epithet preserves the spelling of his name. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CLXII Harold N. Moldenke AEGIPHILA GLABRATA f. MACROPHYLLA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum maioribus usque ad 28 cm. longis 10 cm. latis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in its much larger leaf-blades on flowering shoots, which are to 28 cm. long and 10 cm. wide. The form is based on Prance, Hill, Pennington, & Ramos 24086, collected in a forest on terra firme 2 hours above Rio Jacariz- inho on the Rio Javari, Loreto, Peru, on October 24, 1976, and is deposited in the Britton perbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collectors note: "Treelet 2 m., corolla greenish- yellow". CORNUTIA PYRAMIDATA f. SERRATA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis late ellipticis mar- ginaliter serratis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in its leaf-blades being broadly elliptic and marginally distinctly serrate. The type of the form was collected by Adrien Questel (no. 2388) at Vieux Port, at 50 m. altitude, Guadeloupe, on April 10, 1938, and is deposited in the United States National Herbarium at Washingtone LANTANA GLANDULOSISSIMA var. GRANDIS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis maioribus peduncu- lis valde elongatig capitulis maioribus recedit. 230 1982 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants 230 This variety differs from the typical form of the species in being larger in all its parts,’the leaf-blades to 13 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, the peduncles to 13.5 cm. long, and the flowering-heads to 3 cm. wide during anthesis, the bracts con- spicuous, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, to 15 mm. long and 5 mm. wide. The type of the variety was collected by William R. Maxon and A. T. Valentine (no. 6988) between the Chagres Batteries and Fort Lorenzo on the Fort Sherman Military Reservation, Canal Zone, Panama, on June 14, 1923, and is deposited in the United States National Museum at Washington. The collectors note: "Stems ascending, virgate, all very prickly, the leaves viscid on both sides." LANTANA HORRIDA f. BRACTEOSA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei bracteis maioribus diver- gentibus vel reflexis usque ad 10 mm. longis 4 mm. latis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in its much larger flower-heads, which are to 3 cm. wide during anthesis, and the larger and more conspicuous bracts, which are up to 10 mn. long and 4 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate,: widely divergent or reflexed during anthesis. The type of this form was collected by Brother Nicolas but distributed as Arséne 5426, at Cholula, in the vicinity of Pu- ebla, Puebla, Mexico, on September 15, 1910, and is deposited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. STACHYTARPHETA CAYENNENSIS f£. PURPUREA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis atropurpureis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having deep-purple corollas with a white center. The type of the form was collected by S. Knapp and J. Mallet (no. 2937) in secondgrowth scrub and forest and disturbed tropi- cal dry forest, at 0--20 m. altitude, at Punta de Cocos, on the southern tip of Isla del Ray, Pearl Islands, Panama, on January 19, 1982, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the Uni- versity of Texas, Austin. The collectors describe the plant as a shrub, 1 m. tall. SYNGONANTHUS BRACTEOSUS var. SCRUPULOSUS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pedunculis vaginisque dense piloso-pubescentibus foliis utrinque leviter pilosis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its peduncles and sheaths very densely ashy-grayish pilose with wide-spreading hairs and the leaves more lightly pilose on both surfaces. The type of the variety was collected by Cleofé E. Calderén, C. P. Monteiro, and J. Guedes (no. 2692) in open campina region 53 km. west of the Aripuana River, on the Transamazon Highway, 232 PAY TOL JOG EA Vol. 52, No. 4 Amazonas, Brazil, collected on June 27, 1979, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas, Austin. SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANTULUS var. GLABRIFOLIUS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis glabris vel sub- glabris recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves completely glabrous or subglabrous. The variety is based on Calderon, Monteiro, & Guedes 2564 from along the Transamazon Highway 9 km. west of the Rio dos Pom- bos, about 1.5 km. east of Igarape dos Pombos, and about 64 kn. east of the Aripuana, Amazonas, Brazil, collected on June 18, 1979. and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas, Austin. The collectors note that the plant was common in wet spots of white sand campina, the inflorescences white. VERBENA URTICIFOLIA £. INCARNATA (Raf.) Mold., stat. nov. Verbena incarnata Raf., Atl. Journ. 154. 1832. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS AmMASONIA. IX Harold N. Moldenke AMASONIA L. f. Additional synonymy: Taligalia Robledo, in herb. Additional & emended bibliography: Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. Franc. 2 [Suppl.]: 29. 1775; Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., sede ms epee 6 & 394. 1802; Poir. in Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Meth. Bot. 3: pl. 543 (1819) and 4: 56. 1823; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 245 & 529 (1830) and ed. 2, 245 & 529. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 245 & 529. 1839; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 552. 1839; Reichenb., Deutsch. Bot. [Repert. Herb. Nom.] 108. 1841; C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 712. 1860; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 320. 1888; Baill., Hist. Pl. Ii: 80, 97, & 112.) Leoteeriquean Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 133, 138, 139; 142, 144, & 156--157, fig. 60 E & F. 1895; Dalla Torre &I arms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. 1, 431. 1904; Post & Kuntze, Lexicon 22 & 688. 1904; Lemée, Dict. Descrip. Syn. Gen. Pl. Phan. 8b: 652. 1943; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 4, 103, 106, 114, 121, 124, 225) ta2eeeoes 176, 345, 373, 397, 405, & 444, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 137-- 140 (1980), 47: 502 (1981), and 48: 290, 438, & 505. 1981; Roger- son, Becker, Buck, & Long, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 108: 293. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 50: 247, 268, & 503. 1982. It is of interest to note here that Reichenbach (1828) classi- fied this genus in the Lamiaceae. The Plowman & al. 9373, distributed as an Amasonia, actually is 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 233 something in the Acanthaceae; Hermann 11245 is also non-verbena- ceous. AMASONIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Mart. & Schau. Additional bibliography: Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 157. 1895; Mold., Phytol. Meme 2: 139 & 524. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 138. 1980. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goias: G. Gardner 3411 [Macbride photos 20345] (Ld--photo of type). AMASONIA ARBOREA H.B.K. Additional & emended bibliography: Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 124—125. 1845; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 106, 114, 121, 124, 125, 139, 373, & 524. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 138--139. 1980. Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb with a woody base, 0.5—1.25 m. tall, the bracts and calyx red or dark-red, and the fruit green, "surrounded by the persistent and now patent calyx", and have found it growing in forests, at 350--620 m. al- titude, in flower in November, and in fruit in February and No- vember. The corollas are said to have been "pale greenish-yellow" on Maas & al. 4455. The Lescure 650, distributed as A. arborea, actually is A. lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau., while Persaud 189 is A. lasiocaulos var. macrophylla Mold. Additional citations: GUYANA: Maas, Westra, & al. 4455 (N). FRENCH GUIANA: Granville 4356 (Ld); Herb. Serv. Forest. Cayen. 4477 (P); Sastre 1563 (Cy). BRAZIL: Pard: Plowman, Davidse, Rosa, Rosario, & Santos 8444( Ld, N). AMASONIA CALYCINA Hook. f. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 40: 403. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 121, 145, 444, & 524. 1980. AMASONIA CAMPESTRIS( (Aubl.) Mold. Additional synonymy: Amasonia campestrus (Aubl.) Mold. ex Holn, Pancho, Herberger, & Plucknett, Geogr. Atlas World Weeds 21, sphalm. 1979. Additional & emended bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3 (2): 394. 1802; Poir. in Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. 3: pl. 543. 1819; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 245 & 529 (1830) and adem e2h5ec) 529... 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brilt., ed. 3, 245. 1839; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 552. 1839; Brig. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 157, fig. 60 E & F. 1895; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 103, 114, 121, 124, 125, 139, 345, 373, 444, & 524. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 139. 1980. Emended illustrations: Poir. in Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. 3: pl. 543. 1819; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfan., Gig aria) =) 157, fig. 60 E & F.. 1895. Recent collectors describe this plant as an unbranched subshrub, single-stemmed, 0.3--1 m. tall, the leaf-blades membranous, green or dark-green above, dull-green or "lie-de-vin" beneath with the secondaries violet beneath, the bracts adaxially red, green to yel- 234 P H, YotsOebwG Gel «A Vol. 52, No. 4 low abaxially, or bright-red and turning dark-red in age, or scarlet to deep-red above and paler beneath, the calyx light-green to red or red-purple, the fruit light-green when young, black and shiny when ripe, and have found it growing on savannas, ex- posed rocky slopes, open white sand campina, in partial shade at campina margins, and Byrsonima savannas slowly being invaded by weedy plants, at 280--405 m. altitude, flowering in January, August, and December, and both in flower and fruit in March and August. The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Davidse 2595, Lescure 40, Liesner & Gonzdlez 5934, and Rabledo 244, "light- yellow" on Plowman & al. 9699, and "pale-green" on Plowman & al. 9704. In Venezuela the plant is said to be known as "cola de gallo" and "farfara roja". In French Guiana it is said to be used in the treatment of "palikur sterile". Material of Amasonia campestris has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as Acanthaceae sp. On the other hand, the Murga Pires & Santos 16139 and Silva & Pinheiro 4077, distributed as A. campestris, actually are A. hirtaBenth., while Archer 7606 and Silva 260 are A. lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Liesner & Gonzalez 5934 (Ld); Steyermark 86561l| (N). Guarico: Ramirez 1 (Ld); Tamayo 4115 (N). Monagas: Dumont, Morillo, Samuels, & Cain VE.7717( N). TRINIDAD & TOBAGO: Trinidad: Davidse 2595 (Ld). FRENCH GUIANA: Granville 4315 (Cy); Herb. Serv. Forest. Cayen. 3482( P), 3582 (P), 3701 (P), 3751 (P), 8485 (P); Lescure 40 (Cy, Cy); Prevost & Grenand 1972(Ld). BRAZIL: Amapa: Robledo 244 (N). Bahia: Ander- son, Stieber, & Kirkbride 36760 (N). Pard: Plowman, Rosa, & Rosario 9699 (Ld, Me), 9704 (Ld). AMASONIA CAMPESTRIS var. SURINAMENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 40: 404. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 124 & 524. 1980. Granville describes this plant as an herb, woody at the base, and more or less branched from the base due to the effect of savanna fires, the leaves yellow-green, the bracts and calyx violet. A long description in French, with floral diagrams and in situ photographs, accompany his no. 367 collection. Additional citations: FRENCH GUIANA: Granville 367 (Cy), 3922 (Cy, Cy). AMASONIA HIRTA Benth. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 139, 176, 405, & 524. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 139--140 (1980), 48: 290 (1981), and 50: 247 & 268. 1982. Recent collectors have encountered this plant on campos and campo cerrado, in semi-deciduous forests and scrub, and in sandy soil in high exposed rocky meadows, at 420--1600 m. altitude, de- scribing it’as a coarse, unbranched herb, 40 cm. tall, the leaves "tinged with purple", the bracts orange or vermillion, the "sepals in bud orange, red when open", and the fruit green. They have found 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 235 it in anthesis in January, February, October, and December, and in fruit in February and December. The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Austin & al. 7066 and Gates & Estabrook 28, "cream" on Mendonca 90, yellowish "com tom laranga, bracteas mais escuras" on Murca Pires & Santos 16139, and "sreenish-white" on Daly & al. 1792. Gates & Estabrook report the plant "rare in sandy soil of rocky campo". Plowman & his associates found it in open cerrado with scattered trees on sandy soil, Mesosetum sp. the dominant grass, describing it as an erect herb, with a slender xylopodiun, bright-red bracts (dark-red in fruit), and the ripe fruit black. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amapd: Austin, Nauman, Secco, Rosdrio, & Santos 7066 (Ld, N). Distrito Federal: Mendonga & Chagas Silva 66 (W--2927035). Goids: Gates & Estabrook 28 (Mi, N)3; R. A. Mendonga 90 (N, W--2927034); Murga Pires & Santos 16139 (N); Plowman, Davidse, Rosa, Rosario, & Santos 9166 (Ld, N). Parad: Archer 8337 (W--2592945); Daly, Callejas, Silva, Taylor, Rosdrio, & Santos 1792 (Ld). Rondénia: Silva & Pinheiro 4077 (N). AMASONIA HIRTA var. PARAENSIS Mold., Phytologia 48: 290. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 290 (1981) and 50: 247 & 268. 1982. The type specimen of this variety exhibits somewhat fasciated stems. Citations: BRAZIL: Pard: Plowman, Davidse, Rosa, Rosdrio, & Santos 9525 (Ld--type, N--isotype). AMASONIA LASIOCAULOS Mart. & Schau. Additional synonymy: Amazonia lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. ex Mold., Prelim. List Inv. Names 5, in syn. 1940. Additional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: TS6OSeMolds.sehytol. Mem. 2: 106, 1114, 123); 132,139), 3735) 65524. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 138 (1980), 48: 438 (1981), and 50: 247 & 268. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as an erect herb or un- branched subshrub or shrub, 1--2 m. tall, with woody roots, the stems brown, the leaves dark-green above, dull or purplish beneath, the inflorescence terminal, and the bracts red or bright-red to dark-red in the upper parts of the inflorescence, green in the lower parts, the calyx yellowish-green, later turning red or bright-red to dark-red (especially in fruit), the filaments yellow, the anthers brown, and the [immature?] fruit glossy-green. They have encountered it in low forests on white sand (campina rana), "in open areas of low campina forests on white sand", “on savannas dominated by Axonopus sp., Bulbostylis paradoxa, and Curatella americana, the trees and shrubs widely spaced as single individuals, surrounded by forest", and "in heavy leaf litter over brown sand", at 2--50 m. altitude, in anthesis in March and April, and in fruit in November. The corollas are said to have been "greenish-cream" on Archer 7606, "“soda-yellow" on Lescure 650, and "yellow" on Davidse & al. 236 P Hy tie Lio ews Vol. 52, No. 4 17632 & 17859. Archer reports that the plant is used by natives in the treatment of stomach inflammations. The Alencar 440, Campbell & al. P.22458, Egler & Irwin 46426, Hoehne Com. Rondon 1335, Murga Pires & al. 50308, Persaud 189, Plowman & al. 9562, Prance & al. 11782, Silva 2864, and Silva & Souza 2278, distributed and previously cited by me as typical A. lasiocaulos, are now considered by me to represent its var. macro- Phylla Mold. Additional citations: FRENCH GUIANA: Lescure 650 (Cy, Cy, Ld). BRAZIL: Parad: Archer 7606 (N, W--2592958); Cid, Ramos, Mota, & Rosas 2188 [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 96427] (N); Davidse, Rosa, Rosario, & Silva 17632 (N), 17859 (N); Plowman, Rosa, & Rosario 9699 (Lc, N); Silva 260 (Be, W--2592960). AMASONIA LASIOCAULOS var. MACROPHYLLA Mold., Phytologia 48: 438. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 438 (198) (and 50: 247 & 268. 1982. Most of the collections cited below were previously regarded by me as representing typical A. lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. or as A. spruceana Mold. and were so distributed and cited. Collectors have described this plant as an herb, unbranched shrub, or subshrub, 1--2 m. tall, the stems brown, the leaves clustered at the top, dark-green above, dull or "avermelhada ma parte da baixo e verde na do cima", the bracts red, bright-red, or vermillion to scarlet [some collectors say "inflorescence" scarlet or vermillion], the calyx red or bright-red and remain- ing red even in the fruiting stage, and the [immature?] fruit green or glossy-green. The leaves are most often described as purple or purplish on the under surface. Collectors have encountered this plant in heavy leaf litter on brown sand, in low forests on white sand (campina rana), and in forests on terra firme, at 110 m. altitude, in flower in January, March, April, June, July, August, and September. Egler & Irwin refer tovit as "occasional in forest shade" and Murga Pires and his associates also found it "occasional in dense forests". The corollas are said to have been "yellowish-white" on Egler & Irwin 46426, "light-yellow" on Murga Pires & al. 50308, “light- green" on Prance & al. 11782, "red" on Silva & Souza 2278, “pale- yellow" on Plowman & al. 9562, "yellow" on Hoehne Com. Rondon 1335, and "vermillion" on Alencar 440.The vernacular name, "mendoca", has been recorded. It is quite possible that this taxon may actually prove to be a form of the closely related A. arborea H.B.K. Citations: GUYANA: Persaud 189(N). BRAZIL: Acre: Prance, Maas, Kubitzki, Steward, Ramos, Pinheiro, & Lima 11782 (Ld, N). Amapa: Egler & Irwin 46426 (N); Murga Pires, Rodrigues, & Irvine 50308 (N). Amazonas: Alencar 440 (N); Prance, Maas, Woolcott, Monteiro, & Ramos 15818 (Ld--isotype, N--type). Mato Grosso: F. C. Hoehne Com. Rondon 1335 (N). Par&: Campbell, Ongley, Ramos, Monteiro, & Nelson P.22458 (N); Cid, Ramos, & Mota 1177 [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 94394] (N); Plowman, Rosa, & Rosdério 9562 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 237 (Ld, N); Silva 2864 (N); Silva & Souza 2278 (N). AMASONIA oBovaTa Gleason Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 114, 373, & 524. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 140. 1980. AMASONIA SPRUCEANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 106, 114, 139, 345, 373, & 524. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 140. 1980. The Prance & al. 15818 previously cited and distributed as A. spruceana is now regarded as the type collection of A. lasiocau- los var. macrophylla Mold. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS ABGIPHILA. XxX harold N. Moldenke AEGIPHILA Jacq. Additional synonymy: Callicarpa R. & P. ex Chan., J,innaea 7: 109, in syn. 1832. Algiphila Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico, ed.1, 3: 336, sphalm. 1888. Aegophila Jacq. ex Post & Kuntze, Lexicon 688. 190. Aegophylla Steud. ex Mold., Phytologia 52: 127, in syn. 1982. Aegiphylle Silva & Bahia ex Mold., Phytologia 50: 256, in syn. 1982. Algiphila Mart. ex Molfi., Phytologia 50: 256, in syn. 1982. Additional & enended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, imp. 2, 2: 2, 246, & 259. 1791; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: pl. 70, fig. 1 & 3, & 71 (1791) and 1: 293. 17923 Reichenb., Conspect. Reg. Veg. 1: 117. 1828; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 529. 1830; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 416. 1830; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 529. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 529. 1839; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 550. 1839; Reichenb., Deutsch. Bot. (Repert. Herb. Nom.) 108. 1813; Brongn., Enum. Gen. Pl., ed. 1, 6 & 65. 1843; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 71, 118--12, 126, & 130--131. 1845; Lindl., Veget. Kingd., ed. 1, 66 (186) and ed. 2, 66. 1847; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 690 & 692. 187; Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 1: 5. 1849; Brongn., Enum. Gen. Pl., ed. 2, 120. 1850; Lindl., Veget. Kingd., ed. 3, 66. 1853; C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 710. 1860; Bocq. in Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot. 3: 178, 130, 182, 183, 187--190, 192, & 26h. 1863; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 321. 1888; Stahl, Estud. Pl. Puerto Rico, ed. 1, 3: 300 & 336. 1888; Baill., Hist. Pl. 11: 87, 88, 91, & 119, fig. 101 & 102. 1892; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, (3a): 133, 13h, 136, 137, 139, 142, 143, & 164--166, fig. 62 C--E. 1895; 238 P He YxPoOoh OcGeEok Vol. 52, No. Villsp., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 1: 523. 1902; Post & Kuntze, Lexi- con 11 & 688. 190i; D. H. Scott. in Solered., Syst. Anat. Dicot. [transl. Boodle & Fritsch] 1: 630, 631, & 63h (1908) and 2: 1021. 1908; Urb., Symb. Antill. : 536. 1911; J. Hutchins., Fam. Flow. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 309 & 313. 1926; Corréa, Dicc. Pl. Uteis Bras. 2: 50, 369, & 485. 19315 Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico, ed. 2, 3: 300 & 336. 1937; Lemée, Dict. Descrip. Syn. Gen. Pl. Phan. 8b: 650, 655, & 656. 1943; J. Hutchins., Fam. Flow. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 395. 1959; Egler, Bol. Mus. Para. Goeldi, ser. 2, Bot. 18: 29. 1963; Liogier, Rhodora 67: 350. 1965; J. Hutchins., Fam. Flow. Pl., ed. 3, 487 & 910. 1973; Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 2: 309. 1974; Klein, Sellowia 31: 163. 1979; Virkki, Journ. Agric. Univ. Puerte Rico 63: 50 & 65. 1979; Bawa, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11: 16. 1980; J. T. & R. Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 65. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: h, 21, 59, 70, 73, 75, 77, 78, 80, 82, 87, 92, 9h, 97-101, 103--106, 112-11, 121, 12)h—127, 131, 135—-138, 172, 173, 176, 180, 184, 341, 3hh, 369--373, 376, 377, 383, 390, 397, 399, 412, 422, 423, 29, hh2, 519--522, & 627. 1980; Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 242. 1980; Virkki, Journ. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rice 64: 75, 76, 81, 84, 89, 26h, 265, 267, 269, & 271-- 273, fig. h (top). 1980; Mold., Phytologia 7: 3-- 51 & 135--137 (1980), 47: 502 (1981), 48: 271, 438, & 505 (1981), h9: L75 & 505 (1981), and 50: 12. 1981; Regerson, Becker, Buck, & Long, Bull. Terrey Bot. Club 108: 1)0 & 293. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 50: 2h0, 2h2, 2hh--248, 256, 268, & 503 (1982), 51: 279 & 48k (1982), and 52: 115, 116, 118--120, & 197. 1982. It is of interest te note that Reichenbach (1828) classifies this genus in the Lamiaceae. Additional excluded taxa: Aegiphila violacea Anon. ex Meld., Phytelegia 50: 256, in syn. 1982 = Schlegelia violacea (Aubl.) Griseb., Bignoniaceae. The Iltis, Iltis, Ugent, & Ugent 367 and Soukup 2555, distrib- uted as Aegiphila sp., actually are Cestrum sp. in the Solanaceae, while Aubreville 300 is Schlegelia sp. in the Bignoniaceae and JUnsson 3%63a is also not verbenaceous. AEGIPHILA ALBA Mold. Additional bibliegraphy: Mold., Phytologia 7: )3-lh. 19803 Meld., Phytel. Mem, 2: 105, 126, & 519. 1980. Escobar refers to this plant as a tree, 8 m. tall, with tetrago- nal branches, but also states on the label accompanying his collec- tion "1250 pies de statura" [ebviously an errer fer "altura"]. Dedson & Gentry refer to it as a tree, 10 m. tall, with white cerollas, and discovered it in anthesis in February. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Cetopaxi: Dedson & Gentry 12283 (Ld). El Ore: Escobar 1203 (Ld). AEGIPHILA AMAZONICA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 7: hl. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 121, 131, 136, & 519. 1980. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2--2.5 m. tall, er a treelet, 2m. tall, with yellow-green calyx, white co- rella, and yellow-orange fruit, and have found it grewing in pas-~ 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 239 tures and open roadside thickets, at 70--80 m. altitude, in anthe- sis in March and in fruit in July. The species is obviously clesely related te A. bracteolosa Meld. of the same region. Additienal citations: GUYANA: Maas, Westra, & al. 398). PERU: Lerete: Gentry & Reville 16557 (N). BRAZIL: Amaz6nas: Nascimiento 701 (N); Rodrigues & Coélhe %07 [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 9145] (N). Par&: Plowman, Davidse, Rosa, Resdrio, & Santos 8525 (Ld, N); Plowman, Resa, & Rosdrie 9770 (Ld, N). AEGIPHILA ANOMALA Pittier Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 319. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 80, 82, 369, & 519. 1980. Recent collectors describe this plant as a small, low-branched tree, 3--10 m. tall, or shrub, 5--6 m. tall, "possibly epiphytic or a climber" [Sytsma 1,066], the [flower-] buds white, calyx green, stigma-lobes 2, long, filamentous, and [immature?] fruit green or white-spotted, round, hard, "acorn-like". They have encountered it in forests, cloud forests, and elfin forests and along roadsides, at 600—-1300 m. altitude, in flower from May to July and in fruit in January, April, September, and November. D'Arcy & Dressler com= ment: "flowers sometimes zygomorphic". The corollas are said to have been "white" on Antonio 1251, D'Arcy & Dressler 588, and Folsom 3237, "cream" on Hammel 3778, and "pale-yellow" on Antonio 2458. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Quararibea sp. and "Bombacaceae". Additional citations: COSTA RICA: Cartago: Collector undetermin- ed 1398 (W--2217163). PANAMA: Coclé: D'Arcy, Hammel, Hill, Schwartz, Wolcott, & Wolcott 13331 (Ld); Folsom 3237 td}; Knapp 1057 (Ld); Sytsma 066 (Ld). Panam4: Antonio 1251 (Ld), 2458 (Ld); D'Arcy & Dressler 588 (Ld), 5491 (E--2889956); Hammel 3778 (E--290)988) , 586 (Ld); Sytsma 115 (Ld). AEGIPHILA ARCTA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 319. 19803 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 112 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA AUSTRALIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 209. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Wem. 2: 136 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA BOGOTENSIS (Spreng.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 105, 112, 126 371--373, 399, & 519. 19803; Mold., Phytologia 6: 319--320 (19803, 48: 271 (19815, and 50: 2hh. 1982. Recent collectors describe the fruit of this species as 1.5 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide, red when mature. They have found the plant growing at 2800——3750 m. altitude, in flower in October and in fruit in May. The corollas are said to have been "white or whitish" on Bernardi 10836. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed 20 P EYE OL OG PA Vol. 52, No. in some herbaria as Citharexylum sp. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander/Cesar: Garcia-Barriga & Jaramillo M.19906 (W--2910638). VENEZUELA: Mérida: Bernardi 10836 (N, W--291,668) . AEGIPHILA BOGOTENSIS var. AEQUINOCTIALIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mam. 2: 105, 112, 126, 371, & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 319. 1980. AEGIPHILA BOGOTENSIS f. TERNATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 319-320. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 105, 112, 370, & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA BOLIVIANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 210. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 173 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA BRACHIATA Vell. Additional bibliography: Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 122 & 124. 1845; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, h (3a): 166. 1895; Mold., Phytologia 7: hh & 47. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 1%, 176, 18h, & 519. 1980. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2.5 m. tall, the flowers inodorous, and have found it to be "common in half shade" [in Paraguay], in anthesis in January and September. The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Vavrek & Cuevas 318. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Leite 3022 (N). PARAGUAY: Vavrek & Cuevas 318 (W--2952983). ARGENTINA: & Isikawa 2),311 (Ws). AEGIPHILA BRACTEOLOSA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 47: hh. 19803 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 105, 121, 131, 136, 370, & 519. 1980. This taxon is obviously very close to A. amazonica Mold. AEGIPHILA BRASILIENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 211. 19783 Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2:2 137 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA BREVIFLORA (Rusby) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 211. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 173 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA BUCHTIENII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 173 & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 320. 1980. AEGIPHILA CANDELABRUM Briq. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 7: ll. 19803; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137, 176, & 519. 1980. 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 2h1 AEGIPHILA CAPITATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 212. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 519. 1980. ABGIPHILA CASSELIAEFORMIS Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 212. 19783 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 519. 1980. ABGIPHILA CATATUMBENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 113 & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 320. 1980. AEGIPHILA CAUCENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 320 & 337. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 105, 131, 370, & 519. 1980. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a shrub, 1.5 m. tall, and have found it growing at 350—900 m. altitude, in flower in December. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Diaz & al. 693. The Williams collection, cited below, was previously | in- correctly regarded by me as A. peruviana Turcz - Additional & emended citations: PERU: Loreto: Diaz, Osores, & Jaramillo 693 (Ld). San Martin: Ll. Williams 6152 2 (F--626992, (Ld--photo, N, N--photo). AEGIPHILA CAYMANENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 25: 295. 19733 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 92 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA CEPHALOPHORA Standl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 80, 82, & 519. 19803 Mold., Phytologia 6: 320—321 (1980), 50: 2hh (1982), and 52: 118. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a vine or liana, or as "a small tree", the flowers l-merous, and the fruit hard, at first green, later "green-gold" or orange, "pendent in close clusters, with persistent style", and have found it growing along roadsides in and at the edges of secondary forests and in tropical wet to very wet forests in the transition zone where the rainfall is ap- proximately 1); cm. per year, at 50-—700 m. altitude, in fruit in February, August, and December. Stevens encountered it in "road- side thickets and remnant patches of tall al forest. Additional citations: COSTA RICA: Heredia: W. D. Stevens 13498 (Ld). PANAMA: Panamé: Folsom, Collins, & Monte e 6720 (Ld). COLOM- 267 ma Alverson, n, White, & Shepherd d 32h ( (Ws); J. Denslow 267 (Ws AEGIPHILA CHRYSANTHA Hayek Additional synonymy: Aegiphila chrysantha Mayek ex Mold., Phy= tologia 52: 127, in syn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 126, 101, 137, 173, 370, & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 321 (19803, 50: 2h6 242 PB Y2T30 410; GcEvk Vol. 52, Now hk (1982), and 52: 127. 1982. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a scandent vine or sprawling shrub, 1.5 m. tall, with green fruiting-calyxes, yellow flower-buds, and vermillion fruit, and have found it growing in cacao plantations and on riverbanks, at 50=-100 m, altitude, in anthesis in March and in fruit in July. The corollas are said to have been "yellow-white" on Escobar 195 Additional citations: ECUADOR: El Oro: Escobar 7195 (Ld). PERU: Loreto: Gentry, Ayala, Diaz, & Jaramillo 21722 (N). BRAZIL: Bahia: Belém 1436 (N); Hage 236 (Ld), 565 (Ld); Hage & Santos 1098 (Ld); Hage, Santos, & Vinha 516 (Ld); Ma Mattos Silva & Ribeiro 07 (N). a AEGIPHILA CHRYSANTHA var. GLABRA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 40: 213. 19783; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 131 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA CONTURBATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 25: 297. 19733 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA CORDATA Poepp. Additional synonymy: Aegiphila villosissima Mold., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 392——393. 1933. Aegiphila cordata var. villosissima (Mold.) Mold., Phytologia 25: 298. 1973. Additional bibliography: Bocq. in Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot. 3: 190. 1863; J. A. Clark, Card-Ind. Gen. Sp. Var. Pl. 1933; Mold., Bull. Terrey Bot. Club 60: 392——393. 1933; Mold., Brittonia 1: 252, 25h, 255, 259, 277, bb2--hhS, 7k, & 475. 193; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 6. 1938; Mold., Phytologia 1: 296. 19383 Mold., Ge~ ogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 03-28. 1939; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 569. 191; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben- ac., ed. 1, 3h--3%6, 84, & 85. 1942; Mold., Alph. List Cit. 2: 621. 198; H. Nn Shani Mold., Pl. Life 2: 6. 1948; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 58, 71, 7h, 75, 175, & 18h. 1993 Angely, Ind. Ang. 10. 19593 Mold., Résumé 81, 85, 86, 328, LhO, & he. 1959; Mold., Phytologia 8: 16 & 20. 1961; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 18, 1b, 146, & 378 (1971) and 2: 85 & 848. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 27: 375 (1973) and 34: 257. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 105, 131, 137, & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 7: 135 (1980), 50: 12 (1981); and 50: 2h, 246, 247, 256, & 268. 1982, Recent collectors describe this species as a tree, 5—6 m, tall, a shrub, 5 m. tall, or a vine or liana, the stems 2.5 cm. in diam~ eter at breast height, with "a rich brown to golden pubescence", and with yellow or orange fruit, and have found it growing in clay soil of mata, in pluvial forests, and in forest margins, at 80— 180 m. altitude, in flower in July and October, and in fruit in April, October, and December. The corollas are said to have been "cream"-color on Huashikat 963 and "greenish-yellow" on Mathias & Taylor 5606. Material of A. cordata has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Cordia sp. 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 2h3 Additional & emended citations: COLOMBIA: Chocé: Gentry, Mulam- py, Hikes, Libenson, Olson, & Cagallo 30117 (Ld). PERU: Amazonas: iussi iat 78h 8 (Le), 963 63 (Le); Tunqui Tunqui 359 59 (Ld). Hudnuco: Plowman 5816 (Ld). Loreto: Mathias & Taylor 5606 (W-~2653158). BRAZIL: aay Prance, Maas, Kubitzki, Steward, |, Ramos, Pinheiro, & Lima 11828 (Ld N). lato Grosso: "Krakoff yukoff 100 (A, B, Bm, Ca, “Cheikh, Kk. id photo, Ld--photo Ld--photo, Mi, N, te R= onete. N— photo, P, S, Ut, W--photo). Rondénia: "Viera, Zaruchi, Petersen, Ramos, & Mota 572 (N). AEGIPHILA CORDATA var. BREVIPILOSA Mold., Phytologia 50: 12. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 50: 12 (1981) and 50: 2hh & 268. 1982. This taxon, including its type collection, was previously re- garded by me and cited as representing var. colombiana Mold. ie citations: COLOMBIA: Valle: Cuatrecasas 13993 (N= type AEGIPHILA CORDATA var. COLOMBIANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 105, 131, & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 321 (1980) and 50: 2hh. 1982. AEGIPHILA CORDATA var. VILLOSISSIMA (Mold.) Mold. This taxon is now regarded as being identical with typical A. cordata Poeop. ABGIPHILA CORDIFOLIA (Ruiz & Pav.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. h: 130131. 1845; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 131 & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 45. 1980. Recent collectors have found this apparently rare plant in moist premontane forests, at 220 m. altitude, describing it as a shrub, 3 m. tall, in flower in January. They describe the color of the corollas as "white". Additional citations: PERU: Madre de Dios: Gentry & Revilla 16363 (Ld). AEGIPHILA CORIACEA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 25: 299. 19733 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA COSTARICENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 59, 70, 78, 80, 113, 370, & 519. 1980; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: "2h. pias Mold., Phytologia 7: 5 (1980) and 52: 118 & 119. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a slender shrub, 1~2.5 m. tall, or slender brittle tree, 3--6 m. tall, the leaves slight- ly paler beneath, the flowers "dangling", the pedicels and calyx light=-purple, and the fruit at first green, later bright—blue. They have found the plant growing in primary forests, wet lowland- and wet cloud-forests, on riverbanks, and along trailsides, at 50— 2h PAY TOG TA Vol. 52, No. 1200 m. altitude, in flower in March and December, and in fruit in February, March, and May. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Folsom & al. 7074, Hartman 1205), and Liesner & Gonzé— lez 10762. Farge: Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Malpighiaceae sp. On the other hand, the Gentry & Mori 13802, distributed as A. costaricensis, actually is A. pauciflora Standl. Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Gentry, Lott, & Bota Class 32366 (Id). PANAMA: Coclé: Folsom, Channell, & “& Small 7074 (Ld). ~Darién: Hammel 1231 (Ld), 1313 (Ld); R.L. Hartman man 1205), (Ld). VENEZUELA: TA4chira: Liesner & r & Gonzdlez z 10762 (Ld), 10933 (Ld). AEGIPHILA COWANI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 322. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 121 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA CRENATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 27: 291. 1973; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 27. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree or treelet, 1— km. tall, the [immature] fruit green, and have found it growing on campo cerrado and on "savannas dominated by Axonopus sp., Bulbo- stylis paradoxa, and Curatella americana, the trees and shrubs widely spaced as single individuals and with surrounding forest". They have found it in fruit in February and March. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as A, parviflora Mold. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Silva & Pinheiro 416 (N). Par&: Davidse, Rosa, Rosd4rio, & Silva 17648 (N). AEGIPHILA CUATRECASASI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 105, 370, & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 322. 1980. ABGIPHILA CUATRECASASI var. NITIDA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 322. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 131 & 519. 1980. AEGIPHILA CUNEATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 126, 131, 137, 370, & 519. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 7: 5. 1980. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or low tree, 2-3 m. tall, the young twigs and leaves with magenta hairs, and have encountered it in forests and near rivers, at 350 m. alti- tude, flowering in August. The corollas are said to have been “white” on Foster 2,87 and on Foster & Augspurger 3090. Additional citations: PERU: Madre de Dios: R R. B. Fo Foster 2487 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 25 (W--2888878), 6633 (W--28886)5); Foster & Augspurger 3090 (W— 2888876) . AFGIPHILA CUNEATA var. HIRSUTISSIMA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 215. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 131 & 519. 1980. ABNGIPHILA DENTATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 27: 291. 19713; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA DEPPEANA Steud. Additional synonymy: Aegophylla deppeana Steud. ex Mold., Phy- tologia 52: 127, in syn. 1982. Additional bibliography: Cham., Linnaea 7: 110. 1832; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 59, 70, 78, 80, 82, 105, 113, 135, 3lh, 370, & 520. 1980; F.C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 22. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 4S (1980), 50: 2h (1982), and 52: 115 & 119. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1.5 m. tall, or a climbing perennial vine, 3 m. long, and have encountered it at the edges of potreros with Gliricidia and Delonix, at 500-~1000 m. altitude, in flower in March and November, and in fruit in Sep= tember. Calderén refers to it as an "abundant perennial vine", at 6 m. altitude, the [immature] fruit green in December. The corollas are said to have been "cream"-color on Liesner & Gonz4iez 10702 and "yellowish-white" on Ramos & Cowan 2700. A wood specimen accompanies Stern & al. 1828. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as A. hoehnei Mold. Additional citations: MEXICO: Tabasco: Ramos & Cowan 2700 (N). Veracruz: Calderén 1221 (Me--153956). PANAMA: Los Santos: Stern, Eyde, & Ayensu 1828 (Mi). COLOMBIA: Chocé: Forero & Jaramillo 2505 (N). VENEZUELA: T4chira: Liesner & Gonzdlez 10702 (Ld). ABGIPHILA DUCKEI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 322. 1980. AEGIPHILA ELATA Sw. Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, imp. 2, 2: 2 & 259. 17913 Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 416. 1830; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 550. 1839; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. : 118--119. 1845; Bocq. in Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot. 3: 190. 1863; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- genfam., ed. 1, (3a): 166. 1895; J. T. & R. Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Fl..2: 465. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 21, 59, ft. 768, 80, 82, 87,.92,.101, 103, 105, 113, 127, 15h, 125, » 369——372, 399, h12, & 520. 1980; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem, 1: 242. 19803; Mold., Phytologia 7: 45 & 50 (1980) and 52: 116 & 118. 1982. 26 PH YoDOr OG yA Vol. 52, No. Chamisso (1332) identifies an unnumbered Sellow collection from tropical Brazil as this species, but A. elata is not known to me from Brazil. m« Recent collectors refer to A. elata as a shrub, 2m. tall, or as a liana, the leaves "deep-green above, more olive beneath", the corolla dull yellow-green (Saunders 451), the "lobed style protruding beyond the corolla", the flowers not aromatic, the fruiting-calyx green and "cupped", and the fruit orange when ripe. They have found it growing in disturbed primary forests, as well as on pine and grass llanos, in fruit in July and September. Material of this species has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as A. paniculata Mold. The corollas are said to have been "whitish" on Liogier & Lio» gier 27502. Additional citations: BELIZE: Wiley 3 (Ne--159886). HONDURAS: Colén: Saunders 51 (E--288992). Gracias a Dios: Nelson & Nel- son 19) (Ld). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Liesner 2191 (Ld). PANAMA: Chiriquf: Correa, Dressler, Salazar, Mendieta, Garibaldi, Farnum, & Béliz 2709 (E—-290987) « HISPANIOLA: Donte Repub- lic: L Liogier & Liogier 27502 (N). VENEZUELA: Apure: Geay s.n. (1893-h] (P). ARGIPHILA ELATA var. MACROPHYLLA (H.B.K.) Lépez—Palacios Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 103, 105 113, 370==372, 399, & 520. 19803 Mold., Phytologia 6: 323 (1980) an 7: 50. 1980. AEGIPHILA ELEGANS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 106, 126, 131, 137, 173, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 32) (1980) and 50: 26. 1982. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in secondary forests and on lateritic soil in mature and non-inundated forests, at 10--600 m. altitude, flowering in May and August, describing the plant as a climber, 5—6 m. long, or liana, the buds pale- green, the leaves yellowish-green and rugose, and the sepals pubescent. The corollas are said to have been "cream"-color on the Gentry & al. 29307 collection and "white" on their 29807 col- lection. Additional citations: PERU: Loreto: Gentry, Vasquez, & Jara~ millo 29807 (Ld); Gentry, Vasquez, Jaramillo, Andrade, & | Stern 29307 (Ld). San Martin: Schunke Vigo 81:79 (Ld). AEGIPHILA ELONGATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 27: 353, 1973; Mold., Phytol. Liem. 2: 173 & 520. 1980. The Rusby collection, cited below, is placed here tentatively, but probably represents this taxon, known thus far only from La Paz. It was collected at 000 feet altitude and distributed in 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 207 herbaria as Malpighiaceae sp. and as Byrsonima lancifolia A. Juss. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: La Paz: H. H. Rusby 2170 (Mi). AEGIPHILA EXIGUIFLORA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 217. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA FALCATA Donn. Sm, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 59, 70, 75, 80, 82, 370, & 520. 1980; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 2h2. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 32h. 1980. Recent collectors have encountered this plant at 50 m. alti- tude, flowering in July. Material of the species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as A. laxicupulis Mold. Additional citations: GUATEMALA: San Marcos: Germ4n & al. 717 (Me=~2826l,). COSTA RICA: Heredia: Solomon 5339 (Ld). AEGIPHILA FARINOSA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 105 & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 45--l6. 1980. AEGIPHILA FASCICULATA Donn. Sm, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 70, 75, 78, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 7: hb. 1980; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: oh2. 1980. AEGIPHILA FENDLERI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 113, 137, 370, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 7: 135. 1980. AEGIPHILA FERRUGINEA Hayek & Spruce Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 32—326. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 126 & 520. 1980. Mexia reports that the wood of this species is "excellent for cabinet work". Additional citations: ECUADOR: Carchi: Mexia 76 (W--1663865) . AEGIPHILA FILIPES Mart. & Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 7: 6. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 82, 105, 113, 131, 137, 173, 370, & 520. 1980. Folsom & Maas describe the corolla of this plant as "green", the stamens white, and encountered it at 300-500 m. altitude, flowering in September. It was distributed as Solanaceae sp. The Steyermark & al. 125867, distributed as A. filipes, actual= ly is A. glandulifera var. paratnsis Mold. Additional citations: PANAMA: Panam4: Folsom & Maas 5220 (E-- 28899),9) Senge Marae or cial, AEGIPHILA FLORIBUNDA Moritz & Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 325. 19803; Mold., 28 P myoT 017, OGD Vol. 52, No. Phytol. Mem. 2: 113, 370, & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA FLUMINENSIS Vell, Additional & emended bibliography: Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. : 120. 1845; Bocq. in Baill., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3 [Rec. Obs. Bot.]: 190. 1862; Bocq., Rev. Verbenac. 190. 1863; Mold., Phytologia \7: 46. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137, 372, & 520. 1980. Recent collectors describe this plant as a small tree, 2 m. tall, and have found it growing in slightly disturbed primary forests, at 50 m, altitude, in flower in May. The corollas are said to have been "cream"-color on the Mori & Boom collection ci- ted below. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori & Boom 14123 (Mi, N). ABGIPHILA FOETIDA Sw. Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, imp. 2, 2: 2 & 259. 17913 G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 550. 1839; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. h: 122. 185; Bocq. in Baill., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3 [Rec. Observ. Bot.J: 190. 1862; Ekman, Arkiv Bot. Stockh. 22A: 109. 1929; Mold., Phytologia 4O: 220. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 92, 3hh, & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA FROESI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 220, 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 137 & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA GLABRATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 220. 19783 Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 131 & 520. 1980. ABGIPHILA GLABRATA f. MACROPHYLLA Mold., Phytologia 52: 230. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 230. 1982. Citations: PERU: Loreto: Prance, Hill Pennington & Ramos 21,086 (N--type) . ere Pets os: AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol, Mem, 2: 80, 82, 105, 113, 125, 126, 131, 137, 369, 370, & 520. 19803 Mold., Phytologia 47: 135--137. 1980. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in forests and swampy depressions on level terrain, in low riverine woods, and in secondary inundated forests, at 30—1200 m. altitude, in flower in March, August, September, and November, and in fruit in August, September, and November. They describe it as a tree, 3m. tall, shrub, 1--3 m. tall, or scandent vine, the inflorescence pendent, the flower-buds greenish, and the fruit at first green, then yel= lowish. The corollas are described as having been "white" on Liesner & Gonz4lez 10861 and Revilla 1050, while on Cid & al. 2121 it is stated that the corollas were "greenish, stamens white". Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Tdchira: Liesner & Gonz4lez 10861 (1d); Steyermark, Liesner, & Gonz4lez 120452 (E-~-277h72u) . 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 29 PERU: Loreto: Revilla 1050 (N); VAsquez, Jaramillo, & Stern }32 (Ld). BRAZIL: Pard&: Cid, Ramos, Mota, & Rosas 2121 [Herb. FEHMA. 96360] (N, N), 2302 [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 96650] (Ld). Roraima: Prance, Dobzhansky, & Ramos 199)3 (N). AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA var. PARAENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Man. 2: 113, 137, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia h7: 6. 1980. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark, Guarig- lia, Holmgren, Luteyn, & Mori 125867 (Ld). AEGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA var. PERUVIANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 131 & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 326. 1980. AKGIPHILA GLANDULIFERA var. PYRAMIDATA L. C. Rich. & Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 7: 6—l:7. 1980; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 106, 113, 12°, 137, 369, 370, & 520. 1980. ABGIPHILA GLEASONII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 25: 316. 19733; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 121 & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA GLOMERATA Benth. Additional bibliograpliy: Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 1: 5h. 189; Mold., Phytologia 6: 326. 19803; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 126, 130, & 520. 1980. The Dodsons describe this plant as a rare tree, 5m, tall, with "green flowers", and encountered it at 0-80 m. altitude, flowering in September. aaa citations: ECUADOR: Guayas: Dodson & Dodson 11519 Ld). AEGIPHILA GLORIOSA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 7: 7. 19803; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 520. 1980. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori, Silva, Kallunki, Santos, & Santos 9723 (N). ARGIPHILA GLORIOSA var. PARAENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137, 370, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 7: 47. 1980. AEGIPHILA GOELDIANA Huber & Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 25: 316. 19733; Mold., Phytol, Mem, 2: 137 & 520. 1980. ARGIPHILA GRANDIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 106, 113, 126, 369—-372, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 327 (1980) and 52: 250 PM ¥-LOclL uth Gulek Vol. 52, No. 119. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a treelet, ) m. tall, and found it growing in woods, at 630-830 m. altitude, in fruit in March. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Chocé: Forero, Jaramillo, Es- pina Z., & Palacios H. 6933 (Ld). AEGIPHILA GRANDIS var. CUATRECASASI (Mold.) Lépez-Palacios Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 106, 370, 371, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 327. 1980. AEGIPHILA GRANDIS var. SESSILIFLORA (Mold.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 327. 19803 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 106, 371, & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA GRAVEOLENS Mart. & Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137, 370, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 327. 1980. Hoehne describes this plant as a subshrub, 3.5 m. tall, while Santos and his associates refer to it as an "herb", 1.3 m. tall, with "greenish flowers" in February. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Anderson, Stieber, & Kirkbride 36779 (N); Santos, Mattos Silva, & Brito 3hb1 (N). Rio de Janeiro: W. Hoehne 6011 [Herb. Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 119179] (N). AEGIPHIIA HASSLERI Bria. Additional synonymy: Aegiphylla hassleri Briq. ex Mold., Phy- tologia 50: 256, in syn. 1982. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137, 176, 180, 18h, 34h, 371, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: hh & 7 (1980) and 50: 356. 1982. Recent collectors describe this species as a small tree, m. tall, the obovoid immature fruit green in October. They have en- countered the plant along roadsides in mixed subtropical forests, at 600 m. altitude. The Krapovickas & al. 24311, distributed as A. hassleri, seems better regarded as representing A. brachiata Vell., a very closely related taxon. FO, Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Misiones: Renvoize 3253 (W-- 29028 76) . a AEGIPHILA HASTINGSIANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 25: 319. 1973; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 70 & 520. 1980. AFGIPHILA HAUGHTII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 127, 131, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 7: 135 (1980), 8: 438 (1981), and SO: 246 & 268. 1982. 1982 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 251 Foster describes this plant as a shrub, ) m. tall, with red "receptacles", and found it growing in forests, fruiting in Au- gust. Tunqui refers to it as a tree, 5m. tall, with "green flowers", and encountered it at 200 m. altitude, flowering in February, reporting for it the vernacular name, "tsaanumi kumpari", Material has been misidentified and * distributed in some herbaria as A. filipes Mart. & Schau. Additional citations: PERU: Amazonas: Tunqui 751 (Ld). Madre de Dios: R. B. Foster 2482 (W--2888877), 2692 (W—2888993) . AEGIPHILA HAUGHTII var. SERRATIFOLIA Mold., Phytologia 48: 438. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 8: 38 (1981) and 50: 2h6 & 268. 1982. Citations: PERU: Madre de Dios: Terborgh & Foster 6525 (We- 28886h)—type) . AEGIPHILA HERZOGII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 27: 353. 19733; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 173 & 520. 1980. Krapovickas & Schinini describe this plant as 2 m. tall, with orange-colored fruit, and have found it growing in sandy soil, in both flower and fruit in April, the corollas described as having been "yellow". Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Krapovickas & Schi-~ nini 36130 (Ld). AEGIPHILA HIRSUTA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 173 & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 327--328. 1980. AEGIPHILA HIRSUTA var. COLOMBIANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 327—328. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 106 & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA HIRSUTISSIMA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 82, 106 & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 328 (1980), 50: 2h6 (1982), and 52: 120. 1982. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a shrub, 2—-2.5 m. tall, or a small tree, with a trunk diameter of ) cm., "the stems green=cream with white hairs, lenticels cream," the leaves membran= ous in texture, deep-green and glossy above, dull paler green or "dark-green with white hairs and punctate beneath, peduncles green, with white hairs, sepals green with white hairs, petals and anthers cream, filaments white, style and stigma cream", the fruit at first pale-green, later deep—orange in color. They have encountered the plant around waterfalls in virgin evergreen forests, at 20--1500 m. altitude, flowering in March & October, in fruit in "Yarch. Berti & Pefia describe the calyx as green and the corolla as "cream"-color, and found it in anthesis in October. {to be continued] A NEW SPECIES OF BRICKELLIA (ASTERACEAE) FROM NORTHCENTRAL MEXICO Be LE asunner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 Collections from the Chihuahuan Desert region of northcentral Mexico by Dr. M. C. Johnston and his colleagues continue to yield a number of previously undescribed taxa. The new Brickellia described below is apparently confined to the Del Carmen Mountains of Mexico, which is a prominent range about 2500 m in elevation readily visible from the north side of the Rio Grande River, in the Big Bend region of Texas. BRICKELLIA STOLONIFERA, B. L. Turner, sp. nov. B. simplex Gray simulans sed valde distinguibilis capitu- lescentiis terminalibus, foliis plerumque oppositis, caulibus pro parte stoloniformibus. Erect, perennial herbs, 20-50 cm tall, with delicate stolons, stems puberulent, 1-3 mm in diameter. Leaves predominately opposite; petioles 1.5-3.5 mm long; blades 2.5-9.0 cm long, 1.5- 6.5 cm wide, deltoid-cordate, coarsely and irregularly dentate, sparsely pubescent below, mainly along the veins, moderately to sparsely glandular-punctate beneath. Heads broadly turbinate to campanulate in a terminal 1-4 headed capitulescence. Involucre 12.0-13.5 mm long, the bracts 50-60,chartaceus, spreading at maturity; the outermost ovate, apiculate to awned, variously puberulent, the remainder, linear-lanceolate, ciliate. Corolla 7.5-8.0 mm long, tubular throughout, somewhat constricted below the lobes, glabrous; lobes acute, ca 0.4 mm long, glabrous to sparsely strigose, especially above; pappus of 30-40, white, delicate, ciliate bristles, 5-8 mm long. TYPES MEXICO, Coahuila: i slope of Sierra del Jardin, E of Rancho Caballo (29° 03' N x 102° 38' W), 1400-2250 m, steep slopes of igneous rock, coarse sandy and gravelly soil, Quercus- Nolina-Dasylirion community; 16 Sep 1972, Chiang, Wendt & Johnston 9299 (Holotype LL; isotype MEXU). «¢5 . dy! Additional collections: MEXICO. Coahuila: Del Carmen Mountains, 26 Aug 1936, Marsh 598 (TEX); N slopes of Picacho del Gant? Del Carmen Mts., 24 Aug 1953, B. H. Warnock 11597 TEs This taxon will key to the Chihuahuan species, Brickellia simplex, in Robinson's (1917) treatment of the genus, but is 252 1982 Turner, A new species 253 amply distinct in habit, capitulescence and leaf arrangement. B. stolonifera has a terminal cluster of 1-4 heads while those of B. simplex are lateral, each arising from shortened nodes along the upper stem; B. stolonifera has predominatly opposite leaves while those of B. simplex are mostly alternate, much as in the related, widespread, B. grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt., which has heads and florets quite different from both B. simplex and B. stolonifera. Literature Cited Robinson, B. L. 1917. A monograph of the genus Brickellia. Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 1-151. POH Yerrorn Onge ra Biighas:. saat i SS Wa = v WY : I Brickellia stolonifera (holotype) Vol. 52, No. a EINE "NEUE" ANDROSACE-ART: Androsace studiosorum A. Kress, spec. "nov." (Androsace primuloides) Alarich Kress, Edelweiss-Str. 9, D-8038 Grébenzell, B. R. Deutschland (West Germany) Androsace studiosorum A. Kress: Plantae perennes, foliis numerosis, rosulatis, dimorphis, aequaliter albivillosis, sarmentis elongatis, scapis umbelliferis. Plantae florentes foliis diversis: Folia inferiora, autumnalia parva, nu- merosa, plus minusve lanceolata, 0,6 usque 1,2 cm longa et 1,5 usque 2,5 mm lata; folia superiora, nova pauca, (4 usque 10), maiora, 1,5 usque 4,5 cm longa et usque 7,5 mm lata, laminis oblanceolatis (anguste obova- tis), in petiolum breve vel elongatum, alatum angustatis. Plantae aestiva- les sine foliis hiemalibus parvis, sed foliis maioribus numerosis. Plantae florentes sarmentis compluribus (usque ad 7), longis (usque ad 19 cm), (non compressis) vix 1 mm crassis, atropurpureis. Rosulae sarmentorum foliis late lanceolatis, accrescentibus. Scapi floriferi 6 usque 14,5 cm lon- gi, 9- usque 18-flori. Bracteae oblanceolatae, 6,5 usque 12 mm longae et 1,3 usque 2,8 mm latae, basin pedicellorum amplectentes. Pedicelli 0,9 usque 2,2 cm longi. Calyces campaniformes, 2,9 usque 3,8 mm longi, ad medium in quinque lobos lanceolati-triangulares divisi. Corollae hypocra- terimorphae, ca. 12,5 mm diametro, roseae, sed fauce lutea vel rubra. Folia sarmenta iuvenilia, scapi, pedicelli et calyces villosi, margines foliorum dense villosi, sarmenta glabrescentia. Pili longiores foliorum usque ad 2 (2,5) mm longi; pili bractearum pedicellarumque subaequilongi; pili scaporum sarmentorumque paulo longiores. Androsace studiosorum differt ab A. sarmentosa, cui similis, pilis inflorescentiae albidis, non brunnescentibus, foliis subaeque villosis (non partim subglabris), maioribusque (cfr. Handel-Mazzetti, 1927). A. primuloides Duby (1844), non Moench (1802) nec D. Don (1825) probabi- liter, A. primuloides auct. certe (partim?) ad A. studiosorum pertinet. Typus: Kaschmir, Haramuk, Nunkal-See, leg. Feser: Specimen in Horto Botanico Monacensi sub numero 228/77 cultum et mense Maio 1982 asservatum: M. Isotypi: specimina eiusdem originis, sub numeris 206/77, 208/77 et 228/77 in Horto Botanico Monacensi culta et 1981 vel 1982 ibi ab A. Kress collecta: LAU, M, P, W. Nach den Nomenklaturregeln sind jiingere Homonyme illegitim, selbst wenn ihre Vorgdnger illegitim sind. Eine Konservierung des Namens An- drosace _primuloides wdre wltinschenswert, ist aber beim gegenwadrtigen Stand der Regelung nicht méglich (vgl. Taxon 30 [1981] 910, Fufnote 5). Eine Typisierung der Androsace primuloides ist deshalb, genau genommen, nur von historischem Interesse. Sie kann zu einem spateren Zeitpunkt, bei gunstiger Gelegenheit nachgeholt werden. Die Art ist den Amateurbotanikern gewidmet, den grofen wie den klei- nen und unbekannten. Literatur: Don, D.: Prodromus florae nepalensis .... London (1825) p. 81 Duby, F. E. in A. P. de Candolle: Prodromus systematis regni vegetabi- 255 256 PRY? O7.06:2 4 Vol. 52, No. 4 lis ..., VIII. Paris (1844) p. 51 Handel-Mazzetti, H.: A revision. of the Chinese species of Androsace with remarks on other Asiatic species. Notes Roy. Bot. Garden Edin- burgh 15 (1925-1927) p. 259-298 Knuth, R. in A. Engler: Das Pflanzenreich +» IV, 237. Leipzig (1905) Moench, K.: Methodus plantas Horti Bot. --» Supplementum. Marburg (1802) ZUR NOMENKLATUR DER ANDROSACE CARNEA AUCT. Alarich Kress, Botanischer Garten Miinchen, Menzinger Strasse 65, D-8000 Miinchen 19, B. R. Deutschland (West Germany) In meinen "Primulaceen-Studien 1" (Kress, 1981) habe ich den Namen Androsace _carnea weitgehend gemieden. Ich hoffte damals, den komple- xen Sachverhalt in Kiirze mit der notigen Ausfthrlichkeit darstellen zu koOnnen. Da widrige Umstande die geplante Verdffentlichung starker ver- zogern als erwartet, méchte ich zwischendurch den Grund meiner Zuruck- haltung wenigstens andeuten: Linnes Androsace carnea ist anscheinend nicht mit der Androsace carnea s. str. der Autoren identisch. Das zustan- dige Gremium k6énnte deshalb den Namen Androsace carnea verwerfen. Ich halte es deshalb ftir zweckmafig, den Namen Androsace carnea bis zu einer entsprechenden Entscheidung zu vermeiden und ihn nicht in einem urspriinglichen Sinn zu verwenden, weil ich sonst MiB verstandnisse herbeiftihre, die sich vielleicht vermeiden lassen. Androsace_adfinis Biroli ssp. brigantiaca (Jordan et Fourr.) A. Kress var. parcedentata A. Kress ist bislang ohne "Gegensttick". Nach der derzeit giiltigen Fassung des Internationalen Codes der Botanischen Nomenklatur mu der Name eines derartigen Taxons in einem solchen Fall eigens gebildet werden, was hiermit nachgeholt werden soll: Androsace adfinis Biroli ssp. brigantiaca (Jordan et Fourr.) A. Kress var. brigantiaca (Jordan et Fourr.) A. Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Androsace brigantiaca Jordan et Fourreau: Breviarium planta- rum novarum ... 7 pare tT 868) p. 205 Literatur: Kress, A.: Primulaceen-Studien 1, Grébenzell bei Munchen (1981) SOME NAME-CHANGES FOR HEDGE BAMBOOS Chia Liang-chi*, Fung Hok-lam*, and Paul Pui-Hay But** *South China Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Guangzhou, China **kThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong The subtropical Chinese Hedge Bamboo and its many varieties and cultivars are favorites in horticulture. The dwarf variety, Chinese Goddess Bamboo, has solid culms of 1-3 m high and 3-5 mm in diameter. Its leafy branches are always arched in bow-form, each bearing 13-23 leaves. These leaves are mostly 16-32 mm long and 2.6 -6.5 mm wide. The typical form, however, may reach a height of 10 m and a diameter of 4 cm, with leaves 5-16 cm long and 7-16 mm wide. The variegated cultivars range from those with green culms bearing cream-colored stripes as in 'Silverstripe' to orange-yellow culms with green stripes as in Alphonse Karr' and to yellowish-reddish culms with green stripes in 'Stripestem Fernleaf'. Hence they offer a wide spectrum of heights, leaf sizes, and variegation for screens, single clump ornamentals, and even bonsai. Their compact clumps and dense branches make them also a good choice for hedges. Moreover, they are the most cold-resistant unicaespitose bamboos in cultiva- tion, capable of surviving in temperatures down to -7°C. The ornamental value and other desirable qualities of Hedge Bam- boos have long attracted the admiration of gardeners and plant collectors. They were thus widely propagated in the Old World and, since around the turn of this century, also in the New. Im fact, they are by far the commonest tuft bamboos cultivated in the South Atlantic and Gulf States and in southern California (Young & Haun 1961). As they expanded in distribution, they were also labelled with more superflous names. The commonest binomial currently in use for Hedge Bamboo in Chinese, Japanese and American literature is Bambusa multiplex (Loureiro) Raeuschel. This identification was made by Merrill (1923, 1935). However, Holttum (1956) argued convincingly that this bi- nomial could not possibly apply to Hedge Bamboo and that the correct name should be Bambusa glaucescens (Willdenow) Siebold ex Munro. After careful comparison of our materials and available literature, we agree with Holttum, and thus find it necessary to make the following combinations, in anticipation of our reports onthe bamboos of China (including Hong Kong). 1. Chinese Goddess Bamboo Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro var. riviereorum (R. Maire) Chia et H.L. Fung, comb. nov. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. riviereorum R. Maire, Flore Afrique Nord 1:355. 1952. --- Bambusa scriptoria sensu A. et C. Riviere, Les Bambous 228. 1878, non Dennst. 1818. 257 258 PHeT OL OG 2k Vol. 52, No. 2. Shimada Hedge Bamboo Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro var. shimadai (Hayata) Chia et But, comb. nov. -- Bambusa shimadai Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 6:59. 1916. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. shimadai (Hayata) Sasaki, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 21:118. 1931. --- Leleba shimadai (Hayata) Nakai, Journ. Jap. Bot. 9:1. 1933. 3. Alphonse Karr Hedge Bamboo (Bambusa glaucescens ‘Alphonse Karr') Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro cv. Alphonse Karr (Young) Chia et But, comb. nov. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. Alphonse Karr Young, Nat'l Hort. Mag. 25:260, 264. 1946. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel cv. Alphonse Karr Young, U.S.D.A. Agri. Handb. No. 193:40. 1961. --- Bambusa alphonso-Karri Mitf. ex Satow, Trans. Asi. Soe. Jap. 27:91. pill. 3. 1899s Bambusa nana Roxb. var. normalis Makino ex Shirosawa f. alphonso-karri (Mitf ex Satow) Makino ex Shirosawa, Nippon Chiku-Bui Dzufu (Icon. Bamb. Jap.) 56. pl. 9. 1912. --- Bambusa nana Roxb. var. alphonso-karri (Satow) Marliac ex Camus, Les Bamb. 121. 1913. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel f£. alphonso-karri (Satow) Nakai, Rika Kyoiku 15: 67. 1932. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. normalis Sasaki f. alphonsokarri Sasaki, Cat. Gov. Herb. (Formosa) 68. 1930. --- Bambusa glaucescens (Lam.) Munro ex Merr. f. alphonso-karri (Satow) Hatusima, Fl. Ryukyus 854. 1971. --- Leleba multiplex (Lour.) Nakai f. alphonso- karri (Satow) Nakai} Jour, Jap. Bot. 9:14.) 1983 4. Fernleaf Hedge Bamboo (Bambusa glaucescens 'Fernleaf") Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro cv. Fernleaf (Young) Chia et But, comb. nov., --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. Fernleaf Young, Nat'l Hort. Mag. 25:261, 266. 1946. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel cv. Fernleaf Young, U.S.D.A. Agri. Handb. No. 193:40. 1961. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. nana (Roxb.) Keng. f., Nat'l Forestry Res. Bur. China Tech. Bull. No. 8: 17. 1948, non Roxb. 1832. Ischurochloa floribunda Biise ex Miquel, Fl. Jungh. 390. 1851. --- Bambusa floribunda (Biise) Zoll. et Maur. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Gram. 330. 1854. --- Leleba floribunda (Buse) Nakai, Jour. Jap. (bot. Ss lOn ple slo sete Bambusa nana Roxb. var. gracillima Makino ex Camus, Les Bamb. 121. 1913, non Kurz. 1866. Leleba elegans Koidz., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3:27. 1934. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. elegans (Koidz.) Muroi, Sugimoto, New Keys Jap. Tr. 457. 1961. 1982 Chia, Fung, & But, Hedge bamboos 259 5. Silverstripe Hedge Bamboo (Bambusa glaucescens 'Silverstripe') Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro cv. Silverstripe (Young) Chia et But, comb. nov., --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. Silverstripe Young, Nat'l. Hort. Mag. 25:260, 264. 1946. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel cv. Silverstripe Young, U.S.D.A. Agri. Handb. NOs LIseai. IGT: Bambusa nana Roxb. var. variegata Camus, Les Bamb. 121. 1913. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel f. variegata (Camus) Hatusima, Fl. Okinawa 128. 1967. --- Leleba multiplex (Lour.) Nakai f. variegata Nakai, Journ. Jap. Bote og hor, 1933). 6. Silverstripe Fernleaf Hedge Bamboo (Bambusa glaucescens "Silver- stripe Fernleaf') Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro cv. Silverstripe Fernleaf (Young) Chia et But, comb. nov. --- Bambusa multiplex var. Silverstripe Fernleaf Young, Nat'l. Hort. Mag. 25:261, 269. 1946. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel cv. Silverstripe Fernleaf Young, U.S.D.A. Agri. Handb. No. 193:41. 1961. Bambusa nana Roxb. f. albo-variegata Makino, Journ. Jap. Bot. 1:28. 1917. --- Bambusa floribunda (Biise) Zoll. et Maur. ex Steud. f. albo-variegata Nakai, Rika Kyoiku 15:66. 1932. --- Leleba floribunda (Buse) Nakai f. albo-variegata Nakai, Journ. Jap. Bot. 9:12. 1933. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. elegans (Koidz.) Muroi f. albo-variegata (Makino) Muroi, Sugimoto, New Keys Jap. Tr. 457. 1961. 7. Stripestem Fernleaf Hedge Bamboo (Bambusa glaucescens 'Stripe- stem Fernleaf') Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro cv. Stripestem Fernleaf (Young) Chia et But, comb. nov. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. Stripestem Fernleaf Young, Nat'l. Hort. Mag. 25:261. 1946. --- Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel cv. Stripestem Fernleaf Young, U.S.D.A. Agri. Handb. No. 193:41. 1961. Bambusa nana Roxb. var. typica Makino ex Tsuboi f. viridi- striata Makino ex Tsuboi, Illus. Jap. Sp. Bamb. ed. 2. 44, pl. 45. 1916. --- Bambusa nana Roxb. f. viridi-striata Makino, Journ. Jap. Bot. 1:28. 1917. ---Bambusa floribunda (Buse) Zoll. et Maur. ex Steud. f. viridi-striata Nakai, Rika Kyoiku 15:66. 1932. --- Leleba floribunda (Biise) Nakai Pewcidi—striaca Nakai. Journ. Jap. Bot. Sl2 e935. ——— Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel var. elegans (Koidz.) Muroi f. viridi-striata (Makino ex Tsuboi) Muroi, Sugimoto, New Keys Jap. Tr. 457. 1961. 260 Po Yet On0; Ghelt A Vol. 52, No. 4 References Haubrich, R. 1981. Handbook of bamboos cultivated in the United States. Part II: The giant tropical clumping bamboos. J. Amer. Bamboo Soc. 2(1):1-20. Holttum, R.E. 1956. On the identification of the common Hedge Bamboo of South-east Asia. Kew Bull. 1956(2):207-211. McClure, F.A. 1966. The Bamboos - A Fresh Perspective. Harvard University Press. xv+34/7pp. Merrill, E.D. 1923. An Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants. l:i-vii, 1-240. Merrill, E.D. 1935. A commentary on Loureiro's "Flora Cochinchinen- sis". Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. New Series 24(2):1-445. Young, R.A. 1946. Bamboos in American Horticulture. IV. Nat'l. Hort. Mag. 25:257-283. Young, R.A., & J.R. Huan. 1961. Bamboos in the United States: Description, Cultivation, and Utilization. U.S.D.A. Agri. Handb. No. 193:1-289. BOOK REVIEWS George M. Hocking School of Pharmacy, Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36849 (Reviews are in alphabetic order of authors, organiza- tions, standard works, &c.) "REVIEWS OF PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGY", Vol. 88, edited by R. H. Adrian et al. V + 1-264, 29 figs. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1981. DM,98,-- (ca US $ 58.00). This volume of the review series previously known under the title "Ergebnisse der Physiologie, biologischen Chemie und experimentellen Pharmakologie," carries four articles, one a biography and three papers dealing with the physiology and pharmacology of the nervous system. The biography of Walter R. Hess (1881-1973), for many years Professor and Director of the Physiological Institute of the University of Zurich, tells in considerable detail about his researches on the cir- culation and the nervous system, his work in psychophysiology as well as considerable about his personal life and personal- ity. He is best known for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain (thalamencephalon, a part of the diencephalon) as coordinator of the activities of the central organs. Hess was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology, 1949. Supplementing the biography (in German) is a list of his most outstanding works. - Also in the volume is a paper on neural organization and control of the baroreceptor reflex in which sense organs (receptors) respond to changes in pressure, suchas blood pressure. Anoth ~er paper deals with "event-related"”“slow (DC) potentials in the human brain (M. Haider and others) referring to directly coupled stimuli and responses, a linkindgof sensory stimuli an motor acts. Finally, there is a presentation on &-adrenocep -tor subclassification, with a discussion on adrenoceptors,or chemical sites in effectors, which receive nerve impulses and react by movement, secretion, etc.,following uniting with the adrenergic mediator, and a proposed division of these receptors into two groups, designated W,and %&,. The differen- ces in the two are described at considerable length. - In the roster of editors, the address of one is given as Cambridge: since there are outstanding universities at both the English Cambridge and its American namesake, the address should have been more complete. GMH 261 262 PBF eT Ot O GT ek Vol. 52, No. TWENTY-TWO COMMON HERBS AND HOW TO USE THEM," by Ruth N. and Charles F. Allen. Ed. 2. 1-66, 23 figs. Branden Press, Boston, Mass. 1974. $2.00. A simple handbook tells of the commonest herbs and of how both gardener and cook can use them. The authors operate the Wint er Brook Gardens, Medfield, Massachusetts. There are illus- trations of each herb, also directions on growing and prepar- ing table dishes. GMH SIMPOSIO INTERNAZIONALE SULLA MEDICINA INDIGENA E POPOLARE DELL'AMERICA LATINA," Published by the Istituto Italo Lat- ino Americano (IILA). xXXV + 1-641, 97 figs., 13 tabs. IILA, Roma, Italy. 1979. Price $30.00 (US). Papers presented at an International Symposium on Indigenous and Popular Medicine of Latin America, held in Rome, 12-16 Dea 1977, are here published in full and in their original langua- ges. Most are in Italian with a number in Spanish and two in English. About 220 persons took part in the program, repre- senting most every country of Latin America (18 by count) with a majority of Italians. (The USA was not represented !) There is a table of contents at the end of the volume but no index. This latter wouldhave been very helpful and important since many of the papers are fully technical in such fields as phytochemistry and ethnography. Several papers bear lists of the native drug plants that are now in use. The papers are arranged under the six sessions that were held, as follows: History and tradition of indigenous and popular medicine; the medicaments of indigenous medicine; ethnoanthropologic aspects of indigenous and popular medicine; plants and active princip- les of popular indigenous medicine; hallucinogens, shamanism, melotherapy (therapeutic use of music), and psychic therapy; and other con>tributions of indigenous medicine to modern medi- cine. Many of the articles have a bibliography. The articles in English are concerned with traditional medicine in the health services, and chemical studies of Myristicaceae from Amazonia used medicinally. Many of the articles deal with the medicinal plants of an area in general; others study in de: tail a single plant genus or species. Thus, there are papers on Derris mollis, Abrus precatorius, Lonchocarpus, Tephrosia, Euxylophora paraensis, Croton draconoides, and on the other ~ hand there are presentations on medicinal plants currently usec in Venezuela, Honduras, and so on. Among the recommendations made at the conclusion of the meeting was one to create an int- ernational institution for research and documentation of the indigenous and popular medicines of Latin America to be loca- ted in a Spanish American country but with Italian collabora- tion. GMH 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 263 "NEW DRUGS IN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY," edited by S. K. Carter, Y. Sakurai, and H. Umezawa. - Recent Results in Cancer Therapy No. 76: XIV + 1-336, 133 figs., 170 tabs. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. T1981. Cloth, DM. 98,--; approx. US $46.70. The papers contained in this volume represent together a re- view of the most recent research results of a Japanese-Americ- an cooperative cancer chemotherapy program. Also included in this volume is information on the current chemical status of the anticancer drugs developed in the course of this res- earch program. These papers were delivered at the 5th Ann- ual Program Review of the U.S.-Japan Joint Agreement on Can- cer Research, held at San Francisco, California, in May, 1979. The chief emphasis is on representatives of the anthracyclines (such as Aclacinomycin (derived from Streptomyces galilaeus) and Carminomycin (derived from Actinomadura carminata) , the bleomycins (from Streptomyces verticillus), the fluorinated pyrimidines, the nitrosoureas, and many other new drugs. Their uses in cancer and especially in solid tumors are report- ed. There are also chapters on various kinds of cancers, suck as gastric, "oat cell" lung, head and neck, and breast cancers One chapter is devoted to natural products, mostly antibiot- ics (especially from soil fungi), but there are also included a number of products from higher plants, such as baccharin (from Baccharis sp.), Eriophyllum sp., and taxa of Cephalo- taxus, “Tripterygium, Taxus (the very poismnous yew), Phyllan- thus, and others. The 70 contributors including ehe three ed- itors are listed with their affiliation or address. Besides American and Japanese scientists, several French specialists also participated in the program. GMH "THE WEALTH OF INDIA: A DICTIONARY OF INDIAN RAW MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS. - RAW MATERIALS: Vol. XI: X- 2 and cumulative indexes. xxvii + 1-385, 29 figs., 5 col. pls. @uncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hillside Road, New Delhi, India. 1976. $42.00. The text of this dictionary covers pages 1-126, the indexes occupying the remaining 259 pages, so that about 2/3 of the volume is taken up with the collective indexes covering all 11 volumes of the Raw Materials part of this great work. There are actually four indexes: (1) botanical names; (2)zo- Ological names; (3) chemical compounds and active principles; and (4) common names (English, Indian (plant and animal), reg- ional, trade). This volume completes the set of Raw Materi- als volumes which was begun ca 1945 and is based (supposedly) on the volumes of Watt's "Dictionary of the Economic Products Of India’ (18'83) < Here we have an encyclopedia (more than 26h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. & simply a dictionary) of great utility, particularly to the 2conomic botanist because of the large proportion of its pages jevoted to plants. (See review - Quart. J. Crude Drug Res. UFs (9d=2eigtS 79 GMH "THE GUINNESS BOOK OF PLANT FACTS AND FEATS", by William G. Duncalf. 204 pp., 50 figs., 40 col. pls. Guinness Superla- tives, Ltd., 2 Cecil M@urt, London Road, Enfield, Middlesex, England. T97Ge 155955 (approx. USusd. 75) « Title interesting and attractive volume is a kind of combin- ation of the Guinness Books of Records and the Book of Lists. In addition, there is a considerable amount of information about plants which might perhaps be adapted to a beginner's course in botany or natural history. There are chapters on plant classification, history of the study of botany, evolu- tion of plants, relation of plants to man, trees, orchids, other flowering plants, seed viability, vegetables and fruits, poisonous plants, "riddles" of botany, dating of trees and tree remains, measurement units of older days, and a glossary. An appended chapter was written by a man famous for growing giant vegetables - Colin Bowcock. Most records shown (such as the sunflower growing 21+ feet high) relate to plants in England, but there are also records from the USA, New Zealand, and other countries. Thus, the reputedly tallest trees of the world, the coast redwood of California, (-362 ft.) are mention eed; nothing is said of the reputedly tallest eucalypts in Aus- tralasia (up to ca 550 ft.) reported by Bushmen but lacking in proof. The tallest foxglove reported (10'8")(p 116) may be ex ceeded by plants growing in Washington State (US) (fide H. W. Youngken, Sr.). Some record specimens of black locust are described bTut no mention is made of the famous tree in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris some 300 years old. The excellent color photos of Rafflesia and coc-de-mer on the dust cover un- fortunately lack a known object in the view to indicate by contrast their enormous sizes. The color picture on the cover and the text black and white photo of Carnegiea gigantea are hardly typical plants. (The dust cover should be retained since it includes illustrations mostly not reproduced in the text). This book will be of interest to persons of all ages! GMH "BRADYKININ, KALLIDIN, AND KALLIKREIN," edited by E. G. Erd&s. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 25, Supplement XXII + 1-842, 83 fligs., 81 tabs. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1979. Cloth. DM. 360,--$198.00. This splendid volume furnishes a definitive treatment of the substances of the title. It represents the "cream of the 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 265 cream" of the scientific literature on these potent pharmaco- logic agents. The importance of the substances may be gaug- ed by the fact that this is a supplement to the original vol- ume covering the subject, vol. 25, which was published in 1970. (There are almost as many pages in the supplement as in the original treatment). The text is entirely in the English language. The editor, Dr. Ervin G. Erd&s, is a professor at the University of Texas Medical School at Dallas and was the Editor of the original work of 1970. His 23 co= authors come from five countries - the most from the USA with 15 and Great Britain second with 4; other authors are from West Germany and Canada. These volumes which are comple- mentary to the older volumes of Springer are reference works which should be available to every one working in the field of pharmacology or therapeutics. - The kinins are defined as those endogenous peptides (or protein fragments) which act on blood vessels, smooth muscles, and nerve endings. Thus, bradykinin is made up of a chain of nine amino acids liberated from globulin (from the blood plasma) by the action of the enzyme trypsin. Kallidin is a kind of kinin which is liberated by the action of kallikrein, an enzyme, on blood plasma globulin. Kallikrein occurs in various glands (the glandular kallikreins), also in urine and lymph, and is its- elf derived from Kallikreinogen, normally present in the blood: it may be released by various physical/chemical changes. Kallikrein and the kinins play an important role in the body's physiology, since they affect blood coagulation, the activation of complement (so important in immunologic processes), and in the generation of angiotensin (which is important in blood pressure control and in stimulating the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex). Kinins are also very significant inasmuch as they have a pivotal place in release or moderation of such essential agents as the prostaglandins, histamine, and the catecholamines. Al- hough these various substances have been known albeit only Slightly for over half a century, this tremendous effloresc- ence of interest and research activity are only of recent development. The significance of this work cannot be over-estimated. GMH "USE OF PLANTS FOR THE PAST 500 YEARS," by Charlotte Erichsen Brown. xxiv +1-512, 356 fig. Breezy Creeks Press, Box 104, Aurora, Ont., Canada L4G 3H1. 1980. $14.95,US (paperback); $24.00 US (cloth). In this synoptic survey of ethnobotany, consideration is give: only to plants of North America, a fact which should perhaps have appeared in the title. The authoress has endeavored to go to original sources undefiled by plagiarism or secondary treatments as so often occur in the literature. This usage 266 PHYTOL OGL 2 Vol. 52, Now. of the earliest writings is made prominent in the text by placing a date in a bold-face type at the beginning of each quotation. Many of these dates go back to the 1500's while others antedate Columbus' discovery, even at times going back to dates B. C. This chronology comes from efforts of paleo- botanists and archeologists to furnish us with a picture of the plant life and plant usages going back to the earliest times. Wherever possible, direct quotations are given, some- times as translations from the French or Latin. There are also brief descriptions of plants and their habitats. The plan of the book is to arrange the plants according to habit and ecology. Thus, the sections cover in order: the ever- green trees; deciduous trees; shrubs and vines; then plants found in wet open places (such as swamps, bogs, stream banks) those found in woods and thickets; and finally those in dry open places (fields, burnt-over land, &c.). There is an int- eresting Introduction, and at the end of the text a glossary (mostly of medical terms), an annotated listing of sources (arranged in alphabetic order of personal names, book titles, &c.), and finally the very useful indexes - one of general items and common plant names, another of scientific plant names. There are numerous line drawing illustrations, app- arently from Britton and Brown's "Flora". This work should prove of much value to several classes of students - botan- ists, pharmacognosists, ethnobotanists, archeologists, histor- ians, and others. No doubt persons planning on "living off the land" will appreciate having the book along to know what plants were used for foods, & c., by the aborigines. (An addendum sheet is present). GMH "THE SAFETY OF MEDICINES: EVALUATION AND PREDICTION," by Peter i. Holb. xii + I-03) 4.£1gs.), 6) cdbs. Springer- Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. TSO. sil2so0r In this work by an eminent South African physician, a series of six chapters presents the possibilities of predicting tera: togenic, habituating, cancerogenic, and adverse reactions from the administration of various drug substances. A final chapter discusses the modes of monitoring drug safety in the clinical setting. The extrapolation of data from animal ex- periments to the relevant clinical situation is described. The objective of this study is to reduce as far as possible unnecessarily tedious, expensive, redundant, and wasteful experimentation in the evaluation of new medications. This is an attractive little book with flexible plastic cover GMH "RESUSCITATION AND LIFE SUPPORT IN DISASTERS: RELIEF OF PAIN AND SUFFERING IN DISASTER SITUATIONS " (Proc. International 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 267 Congress on Disaster Medicine, Mainz, BRD., 1977). Part II, with R. Frey and P. Safar (Editors). paiseeas ARO jojo p fel wsleRsS S2etabs., SOLE COVer. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1980. DM, 84,-- (approx. US $ 50.00). The text (100% English language) is made up of two series of papers, one covering critical care (resuscitation and life support) in disasters (such as earth-quakes) and the other the relief of pain and suffering in various disaster situa- tions. These formal lectures are followed by workshops on (1) resuscitation (2) intravenous fluids (3) relief of pain and suffering (4) "free topics", i.e., subjects not pertinent to the previous categories. In the discussinn on care in disasters, all angles are explored: organizational, medical, social, psychological, and ecological effects of such crises. The strong points and weaknesses manifested in current disas- -ter preparation and practice are importantly demonstrated as well as the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the injur- ies of the individual patient. Unfortunately not all of the presentations at the Congress are included in the two volumes, this and the preceding one. Both natural disasters (as floods) and those proceeding from human activities (such as war) are included. Critical care medicine ("acute medicine") ‘resuscitation, emergency care, intensive care -- all of these terms are applicable to the area of medicine covered. There are 121 authors listed and these are from 16 different count- ries, indicating a truly international concern. (Dr. Ransford from Victoria, B. C., is erroneously cited as from Great Brit- ain instead of Canada). In view of the many natural and non- natural disasters occurring so often throughout the world, this work (part of a series "Disaster Medicine") should be of much interest to many groups and individuals. GMH “ATHEROSCLEROSIS V. PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS," edited by Antonio M. Gotto, Jr., Louis C. Smith, and Barbara Allen. XXXIX + 1-843, 250 figs., 183 tabs., cloth. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heid- elberg, New York. 1980. DM. 93,--+$ approx. US $ 55.00. Following a plenary session on cardiovascular surgery, six workshops were conducted on related subject matters, then a plenary session on dietary prevention of coronary heart dis- ease, in turn followed by another six workshops. A third plenary session dealt with "The vessel wall in atherosclerosis follow d by a series of six workshops, then a plenary session on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis with a final six workshops. In all, some 360 contributors took part, either as chairpersons or speakers; most were from the USA, no doubt because the Symposium was held at the Baylor 268 PHYTOLOG@IA Vol. 52, No. College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. The contents of the large volume are available, both through the table of cont- ents and the comprehensive index at the end. A complete list of contributors shows their status and address. At the conclusion of each presentation, literature references are given. Some topics receiving distudssion included epidemiol ogy of atherosclerotic lesions, drug treatment of hyperlipid- emia; lipid, apoprotein, and lipoprotein origin and synthes- is; lipoprotein structure; prevalence and inheritance of hyperlipidemia; risk factors in children (cigaret smoking by the young may induce atherosclerosis even at this age); en- zymes of lipoprotein metabolism; non-dietary, non-pharmacolog- ic treatment of hyperlipidemia; high density lipoproteins (HDL) as a negative risk factor in coronary heart disease; the nature of the arterial wall; vessel wall-platelet interac tion; mutants affecting lipoproteins and apoproteins; hyper- tension as related to these problems; progression and regres- sion of atherosclerosis; relationship between lipid and prost- aglandin metabolism; cellular metabolism of lipoproteins; and other topics. There can be no question that the condition of atherosclerosis is a very complicated one, both in etiolo- gy and control. No complex medical problem is more important than this one !! GMH "TROPICA: COLOR CYCLOPEDIA OF EXOTIC PLANTS AND TREES FROM THE TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS," by Alfred Byrd Graf. Ed. 1: J—ti23), 7000 ‘cole pls., Ergsi- Roehrs Co., Publishers, Hast Rutherford, Ne we O7073 (USA). SOO S15. 0l0l. This large heavy volume contains 896 pages of colored plates, mostly nine to the page (but sometimes as few as four), plates which accurately reflect the habit of the plant and could oft- en be used for identification, nearly always at least for gen- eric identification, There are several notable features aside from the valuable collection of illustrations: a relief map of the world on the front end sheets; a textual section descriptive of the tropics and subtropics, with some practical notes on cultivation; the growing of this class of plants in- doors at various latitudes; and other subjects. At the back of the work there will be found a very handy compilation of plant descriptions, the plants being arranged by scientific name, with alphabetic sequence of the genera. This text brief ly describes the plant, giving its origin, common names, and ecological requirements in a nutshell. A glossary of scient- ific terms used in describing plants is amplified by means of a page with many figures. One unique feature is a brief cap- sule of information on each plant family (in alphabetic order) including a sketch of a characteristic feature, be it the in- florescence, flower, leaf arrangement or shape, or whatever. 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 269 A bibliography of hundreds of references follows, and a ref- erence list of common names (English language), and finally the index of genera, which cites pages of the section of ill- ustrations but does not cite the genus in the plant descrip- tion section. Sampling of this index showed a high degree of accuracy, which cannot be said of many indices. The colored plates are arranged in the alphabetic order of the genera but there may be some exceptioons so that the initial use of the index is advised. This is a most valuable vol- ume for both botanist and horticulturist and well worth the asking price, which in consideration of inflation is not as large as it once would have sounded. - A similar work with the same author and publisher is "EXOTICA", which is some- what larger and more complete. ‘ GMH "CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, Part 1: EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY ," edited by K. Greeff. - Handbook of Experimental Pharmacol- Ogy, Vol. 56, Part 1: XXIV + 682 pp., 164 £igs., 37 tabs Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1981. Cloth, DM. 390,-- (approx. US $ 166.) This volume starts out in classic form with a brief history of the discovery and study of the cardiac glycosides (CG) from ca. 1600, B.C. up to A.D. 1933, at the same time giving a brief but helpful oversight on the contents of this volume. There follows a treatment of the chemistry and structure- activity (S/A) relationships of the CG steroids. A large section of chapters on methods of determining these substan- ces includes: (1) chemical and chromatographic procedures; (2) the use of radioactively tagged glycosides; (3) radio immunologic methods (RIA) (using attached protein molecules (carriers) to furnish antigens which are then radio-labeled). This latter procedures ia a very complex one involving the development of antibodies, combination of same with digoxin, and tagging with radioactive iodine, separation, and assay by Geiger counting. (4) Use of ATPase (adenosine triphosph- ate-ase) for determination of CG is discussed with detailed information on procedures. Finally, (5) a method of determ- ination by uptake of radioactive rubidium (earlier K was used) by the red blood cells is detailed, in which absorp- tion of the cation is inhibited by the presence of CG in the blood plasma, this the rubidium erythrocyte assay (REA). The following large section covers biological methods for assaying CG (1) in the intact animal (pharmacodynamics) ; (2) using isolated capillary muscle (from heart ventricle) to determine inotropic potency (force or energy of muscle contractions) of CG; and (3) in isolated heart preparations (entire heart; auricle (atrium); heart-lung preparation; cultured heart cells). The largest mass of text (302 pp.) 270 PHY ZTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. follows, covering the treatment of mode of action of CG, inclu ding positive inotropic effect of CG on ventricle; influence of CG on electrophysiological processes; influence on heart muscle energy metabolism; effect of CG in inhibiting membrane electrolyte transport by Na*-Kt-activated membrane ATPase; effect of CG on their receptors (specific binding sites); in- fluence of CG on cell membranes, on electrolyte exchange and content in cardiac muscle cells, and on myofibrils (fine fil- aments within the muscle fiber cell). There is also a chap- ter on (G-like compounds with similar inotropic properties, such as cassaine from Erythrophl7~eum species. The last large segment of text is devoted to considering the non-cardiac eff- ect of CG, including side effects on the central and autonom- ic nervous systems, vascular system, skeletal muscles, endo- crine system, and kidneys. Rather interesting are observ- ations that (€G appear to act as estrogens; however, this is attributed not to a direct action but to inhibition of break- down or excretion of estrogens from the body. - The present treatise is the third on CG to appear in the "Handbook of Ex- perimental Pharmacology", the preceding ones being by W. Straub (HB II.2; 1924) and L. Lendle (HB I; 1935). These pub- lications appeared at a time when the encyclopedia was titled "Heffter und Heubner: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharma- kologie", named after Heffter who established the series (ca 1919) and Wolfgang Heubner (1877-1957), who continued it. The present volumes are written by a large group of special- ists (32 in part I: all from Germany or German-speaking coun tries, except for 5 (USA, Australia, South Africa, Belgium), because it was felt that shorter contributions could be pre- pared more rapidly and would be more up to date and of course would have the advantage of being prepared by specialists active in a smaller area of the discipline. The disadvant- age lies in a certain degree of overlap despite the best eff- orts of the editor. However, the net result would seem to be advantageous to the user of this superb Handbook. GMH "CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES. Part II. PHARMACOKINETICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY," edited by K. Greeff. Handbook of Experiment- al Pharmacology, Vol. 56, Part II. XXI + 394 pp., 64 £igs., 42 tabs. 980 g. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 71981). Cloth DM 248,-— (US S$ 115. approxa)rs Although only about half the size of Part I and published first, this volume is of greater interest and utility to phys- ician and pharmacist than the first part. The editor of bott parts, Dr. K. Greeff (University of Dusseldorf, BRD) co-auth- ored four chapters in Part I and one chapter in Part II, hence took a very active part in the preparation of the work. One other author ( Dr. D. T. Mason of the Univ. of California) participated also in both parts (3 chapters). Part II occu- pies itself chiefly with pharmacokinetics (study of the action 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 271 of a drug, including its absorption, distribution, localiza- tion, biotransformation, excretion (over a period of time) (Chaps. 1-9; some 200 pages), with somewhat less pagination (some 130 pp.) devoted to clinical pharmacology of the cardi- ac glycosides (CG) and their preparations. (Some might con- sider the inversion of this order of presentation preferable but the two fields are so closely related that it really make little difference). The order of topics is as follows: pharmacokinetics of digitoxin, digoxin, strophanthus glycos- ides and squill glycosides. The coverage then becomes more generalized, with discussions of plasma protein binding of CG; the intestinal absorption and secretion of CG; cardiac uptake and binding of CG; bioavailability of CG; and pharma- ceutical quality control standards for CG. Under the main heading of clinical pharmacology, there are chapters on the effects of CG on the failing heart (decline of contractility of ventricular muscle) and the non-failing heart; the effect of disease on the pharmacokinetics of CG (ex. failure of ab- sorption of substance from the gastrointestinal tract makes a great difference on activity); "clinical indications and choice" of CG; clinical conditions influencing glycoside eff- ects; side effects and intoxication (poisoning or pathologic state) induced by CG: symptoms and treatment; and interact- ‘tions between CG and other substances in the body. While the text is fully technical, the exposition is generally speaking as clear and precise as could be wished for. In an age when increasing interest and attention are being given to the mech- anisms of absorption, action, and excretion of drugs, this volume will surely find a wide readership in both the medical and pharmaceutical professions. The text was prepared by 22 authors including the editor and is of international origin as shown by the country of origin of the writers (11 RD, 4 USA, 3 Sweden, 1 each from England, Scotland, Finland, and Norway). As usual, the book is printed in attractive fash- ion and bound neatly and strongly in cloth, with perfect rep- roduction of illustrations. Each chapter is a self-contain- ed unit with its own bibliography. There are also terminal author and subject indices, one for each Part. The indices for Part II are not cumulative for Part I. This work can be recommended for professional school libraries as well as for the private libraries of practitioners. GMH "PHARMAZEUTISCHE BIOLOGIE," by R. Haensel. Vol. I: Allgem- einer Teil. kre + 412 pp. 226 figs, 23 scabSay 4 ODE. DM. 34,--; approx. US $20.00. - Vol. 2: Spezieller Teil. XV +484 pp., 197 figs., 2 tabs., 560 g. DM. 56,--; approx. US $21.30. - Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1980. DM. 70,--; approx. US $ 41.30. 272 Po YT0. Li O,G.T - Vol. 52, Nowy These volumes are "Basic Texts" for the subject used in Germ- an schools and are numbers 204 and 205 in the Heidelberger Taschenbuecher series. The general text is divided into two chief parts, the first in eight chapters concerned with the origin and biosynthesis of natural medicinal substances along various pathways of synthesis. There are chapters on sub- stances formed from acetate or propionate units, from "active" isoprene (isoprenoids), by the shikimate pathway (phenylprop- anes), from tryptophan, from the alphatic amino acids ornith- ine, lysine, and glycine, and from a single amino acid. The second half of the text except for one chapter on comparative phytochemistry (chemotaxonomy) presents in eight chapters the general aspects of the preparation of natural or biogenic drugs, and the manufacture of medicinals from microorganisms, higher plants, and animal drugs, as well as the preparation of immunological-acting medicinals. - The second volume. the special part, takes up the individual drugs which are found in the German and the European Pharmacopeias (DAB.; Europaisch- es Arzneibuch; 1978), and discusses their preparation, constit uents, purity and identity tests, etc. A considerable amount of space is devoted to the section on hormones, vitamins (but no vitamin B;-!), and antibiotics. An entire chapter is de- voted to biogenic substances influencing blood coagulability. Important chapters concern products from the blood, also imm- une products, including immune sera, vaccines, and test sera (blood groups, etc.). Bases and adjuvants important for pharm: aceutical manufaxturing are given place: carbohydrates, fats, waxes, resins, aromatics, and taste correctives. Data are included on the origins of bandaging and suturing materials. The final chapter covers important pesticides. In both vol- umes, most of the figures are of chemical structural formulas. (Rudolf Haensel is Professor at the Free University, Berlin). GMH “THE NEW PENGUIN WORLD ATLAS," edited by Peter Hall. Ed. 2. VIII + 96 pp., 72 maps. Penguin Books, Inc., 625 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022. 11979). $9.95) (USA)R Sharp well-labeled physical-political-economic maps combined with a 24-page gazeteer furnish the user with an important means of rapidly finding the locations of all the more import- ant places on the globe. Special features are a list of states (i.e. nations) and dependencies throughout the world (plus statistics) and a listing of the major urban areas with their population statistics. In this edition, there has been relatively more emphasis placed on Africa and the Far East, which of course is realistic when one considers the important political changes taking place in these parts of the world. This is a veritable treasure contained in a small packagel GMH 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 273 "PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. PART I. Antipsychotics and antidepres- sants." Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 55/1: MunvereyS4pp., 62 £igs., 74 tabs., 1595 g. Edited by F. Hoffmeister and G. Stillé. 1980. DM. 290,-- (approx. US $ 171.00) (cloth bound). Springer-Verlag Berlin, New York. This formidable work employed the special talents of 47 con- tributors (authors) together with the two editors, Hoffmeist- er from Wuppertal and Stillé of Berlin. The text represents a rather detailed overview and study in depth of present know- ledge in the action and use of the antipsychotics (such as the tricyclics and butyrophenones) and the antidepressants (such as the MAO inhibitors and lithium salts). A considera- ble amount of space is devoted to the deffnitive treatment of the groups from the standpoint of human usage. Space is de- voted to the subjects of pharmacology, experimental psycholo- gy, Clinical biochemistry, and neurophysiology as these per- tain to the medical problem. However much emphasis is also placed on preclinical research, screening methods, neurochem- istry,transmitter reactions, kinetics, toxicology, ethology, and electrophysiology. (The individual outlooks of the auth- ors sometimes appear in the text.) There are 26 chapters in the volume, of which 15 are placed under the heading of the Antipsychotics (chemistry, structure, and effectiveness) and 11 under that of the Antidepressants (chemistry, structure, and effectiveness). The importance of clinical studies in this field of medicine results from the inadequacy of animal trials, since only the human psyche can positively identify mental reactions. Hence, although this is one of the volu- mes titled “experimental pharmacology", the text really rep- resents a wide divergence from that field and therby loses some of its objectivity, since proper controls are often lack- ing. This is truly an area in which psychiatrists and psych- Ologists rather than physiologists and pharmacologists must be depended on.for significant findings. Thus, it seems that such important agents as chlorpromazine, the monoamine ox- idase inhibitors, and imipramine were discovered as psycho- tropics not by pharmacologists but by scientists in the field of mental health. Animal experimentation with development of models followed, but here pitfalls have developed and mis- taken results developed. - Each chapter of this excellent work has its own bibliography but there is an index of authors at the end of the volume which cites both mention in the text and reference. As usual, the volume is a masterpiece of the printing and binding arts. GMH "2 WORLD LIKE OUR OWN: MAN AND NATURE IN MADAGASCAR." by Alison Jolly. xVint 272 poe, Ledtopls., 0 COMe DES ne Lema. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. 1980. $29.95 The island continent of Madagascar (Malagasy) is truly a won- 27h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. derland of plants and animals; separated for so long from the African mainland, it has become endowed with many biolog- ical species of its own. In this work, Dr. Jolly, an ex- pert on the lemurs tells about many of the 40 species still extant. However, she does not confine her interests to these primates but furnishes abundant information and illustrat- ions of many more animals and plants. Of the latter, she speaks of Didierea alluaudia, a cactus-like plant which grows in desert areas, sometimes to a height of thirty feet. Not only are the plant and animal kingdoms of Madagascar explored and expounded here but there is a considerable treatment also of the human natives of the sub-continental land. The deplor able economic conditions in the area is the primary cause of the environmental destruction observed here, since the native peoples in order to exist are destroying the magnificent for- ests ‘am with these the fertility of the land besides the de- struction of the many plant and animal varieties. Unless something can be done for the welfare of the indigenous peop- les, it would seem that the plant and animal resources are to a large extent doomed. Tragically, the beautiful and unusual organisms of many species will inevitably be wiped out. While such decay of the environment seems to be taking place almost everywhere today, it is greatly accelerated in this genuine Garden of Eden. We will all suffer and our descend- ants when this enormous resource and treasure is gone! - The book brings out the great variety of living conditions which prevail here: rain forests in the eastern parts, spiny des- erts in the interior, dry woodlands, vast plateaux. Mada- gascar is a microcosm of what is occurring in many other part of the world, due essentially to overpopulation and the con- sequent struggle for the available resources. Family size reduction would seem to be the only effective answer to the rapidly growing international crisis of starvation, desper- ate poverty, and homelessness of the great masses of people seen most acutely in Africa and Asia. Let us hope that this book will provide a warning that will be heeded by the world's leaders ! GMH "BOEKER'S GRAESERBESTIMMUNGSSCHLUESSEL. Bestimmen in blueh- end und bluetenlosen Zustand. Verbreit und Wert," revised by Ernst Klapp. 1-57, 101 figs. Verlag Paul Parey, Ber- Pin. LOB DMZ SO. (Cl Ss) aestOO)r. (asl 74) This elaborate determination key covers 48 species of Gramin- eae. The key is preceded by explanations for using it, inclu- ding definitions and illustrations of many special terms. The grass species included are those found most commonly in Germany and central Europe generally. GMH 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 275 "EXTINCTION IS FOREVER: THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF PLANTS IN THE AMERICAS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN ECOSYSTEME TODAY AND IN THE FUTURE," edited by Ghillean T. Prance and Teor has. VI + 1-437, 106 figs. and 25 tabs. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York 10458. 1977. meee 0l. (Paper back) The title of this book is tragically but most truly express- ive. When a plant or animal species disappears for whatever reason, we are all left the poorer - left lacking a vital el- ement which might eventually have developed into or contribu- ted toan organism of great utility or beauty in the world of life. (Besides that there is the intrinsic worth and right to existence of the organism as it is). That this destruc- tion or extinction is not a rare occurrence is shown in the statement of the Smithsonian Institution authorities that some 5% of the plants in the United States are being threatened or endangered. This volume explores some of the ways in which endangerment and threats against the existence of wild plants are manifested in various countries of the world, and some of the possible means of conservation which may limit or oppose this destructive process. The 40 papers presented at a Symposium held at the N. Y. Botanical Garden 11-13 May, 1976, to commemorate the U. S. Bicentennial include a first section treating of the problem in general terms in various parts of the USA and Canada. Section 2 deals with the threatened and endlangered plants of Mexico, @ntral America, and the Carib- bean Islands. Section 3 considers South America, while Sect- ion 4 takes up various groups of plants which are especially prone to endangerment in the Americas: Iridaceae, palms, "Cacti", orchids, carnivorous plants, ferns. Section 5 - "Special Topics"-considers a diversity of matters such as the use of computers ingolving problems of e tinction, cooperatior between various countries in conservative efforts, etc. Panel discussions are recorded on a pot pourri of topics by many par -ticipants. Resolutions, a list of contributors (those presen- ting papers), and a list of participants and 4 appendices com- plete the volume. There is no index ! Appendix 1 is a bibli- ography for the endangered species of the world; App. 2 gives the Pan American treaty of 1940-1 between the USA and other American republics concerning conservation of wild life; App. 3 is the Convention of 1975 on international trade in endang - ered plant and anmal species, which includes appended lists of animal/plant species; and App. 4 is an extract from the US Congressional Act of 1973 intended to provide for conservation of fish, wildlife, and plants. It is interesting to note some of the organisms now threatened, such as Cattleya orchids the polar bear, tiger, ginseng, and Guaiacum sanctum (source of guaiac wood). (The colored cover photo represents the spec -ies Lapageria rosea (Philesiaceae) which was not found in any of the lists but was used apparently because it is the sole 276 PH YT .0.4.0,G-T A Vol. 52, No. species in its genus, and has flowers of great beauty and ed- ible fruit. GMH "MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS," compiled by Peter Roody Robert E. Forman, and Howard B. Schweitzer. Vil (2555 pp McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, San Francisco. (Blakiston) LOW 7/5 OG This compilation reflects usage in the medical field for Eng- lish language users, apparently with greatest application to the United States area. More than 14,000 terms have been listed in alphabetic sequence, often with a single abbrevia- tion or acronym applying to several words or expressions. Thus, for instance, PI is referred to no less than twelve compellations such as "pneumatosis intestinalis," Protocol Internationale (International Pharmacopeia), etc. Some terms which might well have been included but were not are the folk -owing: AUC (blood concentration (time) curve); MDC (medical officer in charge); UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid); PDA (potato- dextrose-agar (medium)); LTCF (long term care facilities) ; ABOB (moroxydine); OLT (official Latin title); OET (official English title); HLTH (health); FP (fetoprotein); LIF (leuko- cyte inhibitory factor); PSMRD (post surgical minimal resid- ual disease); PCS (Pharmacy Care Systems); TPP (triphenyl phosphate) ; CWP (childbirth without pain); CMT (cancer multi- stage therapy); GS (general schedule); TAT (till all is taken i.e., medicine) ; WAW (while awake). On the whole, the cov- erage in this dictionary is very good - much better than seen in the usual medical dictionary. GMH "FRUITS OF ANGIOSPERMS," by Ingrid Roth, Ph.D. xvi + 675 pp 232 figs. Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie (Encyclopedia of plant anatomy). Special Part. Vol. 10, Part I. Gebrueder Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart. 1977. DM. 288,-- ($144.) This splendid volume, standard with the remainder of the ser- ies, is a most useful monograph on the physical characterist- ics of the fruit of the Angiospermae, dealing chiefly with the anatomy of these structures but also with a considerable amount of information on the gross morphology. There are also interesting chapters concerning fruit abscission; spec- ial structures concerned with dispersion; and heterodiaspory (a state in which both aerial and subterranean fruits are produced by a plant) in its many variations. There are imp- ortant terminal chapters on the taxonomic use of the pericarp structure, the phylogeny of the fruit, and the fruits of cultivated plants as related to polyploidy. This explores the relationship of doubling chromosome numbers to increases in fruit size so often noted during cultivation. An extens- ive bibliography and three indices complete the volume. More 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 277 than half of this book is devoted to a consideration of the differences prevailing among fruit structures, that is with the types of fruits found in the plant kingdom. Thus, there are large sections dealing with the caryopsis, achene, stone fruits, and so on. - The jndex does not seem as complete as it might have been for maximum utility. Thus, although dis- cussed in the body of the text, there are no entries for such terms as berry, nut, grain, drupe, stone fruit, strobile (streé -bilus), multiple fruits (noted in table of contents), sorosis, hip (Rosa), key fruit (samara is given), capsule, pod, nutlet, anthodium, drupelet, etaerio, etc. Some variations and their corresponding terms seem not to have been taken up in the text, for instance, cochlea, arthrocarp, glans. There are also variant spellings which would invalidate the use of the index, thus, akene as a form of achene, sycon(us) for syconium, and so on. To facilitate the use of the book as well as of the index, a glossary might well have been added to the work. Appropriate cross referring would show the identity of many variants of spelling. It would also be use- ful for defining other terms which appear in textual descrip- tions of fruits, such as receptacle, carnose, succulent, de- hiscent, and so on. Some of the terms which would qualify for such a listing of definitions are (additionally): pseudo- carp, exocarp, epicarp, mesocarp, ventral and dorsal sutures, valve, valvate, apocarpous, syncarpaus, and the following ap- plying to dehiscence: loculicidal, valvular, septicidal, transverse, apical, porous, septifragal, rupturing. - Profes- sor Roth of the Central University of Venezuela ( Caracas) is to be congratulated on a work of such sterling worth as this, as well as on her previous volume in the series on barks GMH "ZUR PROBLEM DER ASPIRATION BE| DER NARKOSE: INTRALUMINALES DRUCKVERHALTEN IN OESOPHAGUS-MAGEN-BEREICH," by Gholam Seh- hati-Chafai. Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine NOP -aee x te OO pp.,, 27 -figs., 55 tabs. “Spranger—Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1979. DM. 34,-- (U.S.$18.70) Regurgitation of the stomach's contents and the frequently following inhalation of the same ("aspiration") by the patient has caused many deaths during anesthesia from as far back as 1848. Studies show that 12-24% of all deaths during anesthes- ia are a result of such aspiration of gastric ejecta, especi- ally in patients with a full stomach, a condition frequently encountered in emergency situations. The chief protection is in control of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle (LES) and this band-like muscle is here considered in detail. The effect of various drugs on it was studied as such might determine the resting pressure of the LES muscle. The group A drugs (pre- medication agents (or premedicants) including atropine sulfate and six other drugs) were tested on human subjects. Some of 278 PHYTO) OG rs Vol. 52, No. these reduced the resting pressure of LES, but others increas- ed it and this would be particularly dangerous in intensive care and emergency ward patients who often must be anesthet- ized and who have a full stomach. The Group B stud- ied were the anesthetics (6 including nitrous oxide-oxygen) , and these decreased the LES pressure and were therefore rela- tively safe from the process under study. - While this book is in German, there is a 1 page of English summary (however with some six errors). - A proper study and understanding of the subject matter in this volume would undoubtedly save many lives ! GMH "KREMERS AND URDANG'S HISTORY OF PHARMACY," by Glenn Sonnedec- ker. Edo 4.) xv +571 pp., 235 figs. (/=3/78eee or J.. Be. Lippincott €o.,; Philadelphia, Pa. 19105.) U976eee24200 Although this is the fourth edition, and much of it written or rewritten by Dr. Sonnedecker, names of the original authors Edward Kremers and George Urdang, have been retained in the full title. The volume shows evidence of a rather thorough revision with much additional material. The four main parts (Pharmacy's early antecedents; Rise of professional pharmacy in European countries; Pharmacy in the USA; Discoveries and other contributions to society by pharmacists) have been sub- divided into 18 chapters, the same number as in the previous edition. Among the changes noted, much material in the text proper has been systematized and placed in one of the seven appendices (representative drugs of the Amerindians; found- ing of state pharmaceutical associations; passage of state pharmacy laws; schools of pharmacy in USA; growing awareness of pharmacy history; pharmaceutical literature with bibliogra- phic history notes; glossary). Thus, App. I was shifted ent- irely from earlier pages in the text; App. 5 includes sections on the pharmaceutical literature gathered from various earlier chapters dealing with pharmacy in Italy, France, Germany, and Britain. (Why was the chapter on Spain dropped from ed. 2 ?), The chronologies which were such a useful feature of ed. 1 and 2 were dropped from the last two editions. As in previous ed- itions, nothing is said regarding oriental pharmacy ( hina, Japan, India, etc.). There are only 11 pages on Greece and Rome, which might indicate an underemphasis. The latter part of chapter 3 telling of later trends in pharmacy may have been better taken up further back in the book, such as at the end of Part 2. The index could have been more complete. Nothing seems to have been said about the infamous Dreckapotheke (fec- al pharmacy) in which the use of body excretions was practiced in Europe during the 16th and 17th Centuries. - It is general- ly held that Bologna is the oldest university in the world (dating from AD 1113) but the text indicates Parma and Salerno and possibly Paris as older. - Very little is said about the Doctrine of Signatures which played such an important role throughout history. The only mention of it is in one parag- raph in the section on Paracelsus' concepts. - There is no ref 1982 Hocking, Book reviews 279 erence to the Codex Medicamentarius seu Pharmacopoea Gallica as the first national pharmacopeia. - The revival of the Deutsche Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft in 1945 (BRD) would seem to have deserved mention (p. 97). - Filix would better be referred to as Aspidium, reflecting U. S. Pharmacopeial usage. Epsom salts is mentioned as the first medicinal pat- ent. Some have claimed Goddard's Drops (prepared from hum- an bones) for this honor. - Within the attractive hard cov- er (and the interesting dust cover) lies a fascinating and basically accurate story of the development of pharmacy in the western world, a story which should fascinate and thrill the modern pharmacist, wherever he may be ! GMH "METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY," edited by Irving Sunshine, Ph.D. ANN S) Fopsq py, 7 28 doe CRC Press, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. OW 5%. This "typically CRC bound" volume is an updated version of the 1971 CRC MANUAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY and presents ac- ceptable methods for the analysis of therapeutic agents in biological fluids. - A short introduction offers general in- formation regarding the chemist-physician relationship, sample taking and analysis, and interpretation of positive and negative results. - The "meat" of the book is a list of procedures in Section Ijfor analyis of 101 different substan- ces. A typical prodedure will include: Principles of anal- ysis, apparatus, reagents, procedure, calculation, interpret- ation, accuracy and precision, interfering substances, and references. Alternate procedures are listed for most subst- ances in order to accomodate laboratories with differing re- sources. For example, barbiturates may be analyzed by a qualitative color test, a quantitative ultraviolet spectro- photometric test, or a quantifative gas chromatographic test. - Section II, Screening Procedures, is a "catch-all" for add- itional procedures (such as detection of the heavy metals mercury, antimony, bismuth, arSenic), tables (e.g., a table of tertiary amines that react with iodoplatinate reagent) and background information on the application of specific proced- ures involving UV spectrophotometry, TLC, GC, RIA, and the EMIT system. A "Phase Selectivity Data" table for GC (p 429) in Sect. II is too specific for the scope of this book where- as "Pointers on Gas Chromatography" (p 425) is too general. - This book's use is limited by its very construction - a list of methods for specific compounds. There are fewer general procedures for classes of compounds than for specific agents. The fact however that many drugs are covered makes this volume a welcome addition to any medicinal laboratory. The straightforward, thoroughly détailed (60 figures and over 30 tables) and referenced (over 700 cited) procedures can be used to determine the presence or absence of many drugs com- monly involved in poisonings and illnesses. 280 PEYTrOLoe is Vol. 52, No. Prof. GR. Clark, Phep. Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36830 "BEGONIAS: THE COMPLETE REFERENCE GUIDE," by Mildred L. Thomp- son and Edward J. Thompson. XII + 356 pp., 594 figs., 33 pp Of coll pls., many tabs. N. Y. Times Books, 3 Park Ave., New York 10016. oes S35 Ole In this splendid richly illustrated volume, you will find all of the information you will need to produce a garden or house full of the beautiful flowering plants called begonias. This large volume spells out all of the many details required for success in the propagation and culture of these valuable plants. After a brief introduction telling much about the de- velopment of our knowledge of this group of ornamentals, gene- ral information about the cultivation of the begonias as a group is furnished, then specific information for each of the recognized horticultural groups: cane-iike (with erect or semi-erect stems reminiscent of bamboo stems); shrub-like (witl smooth, hairy, or distinctive leaves); thick-stemmed (with rel- atively very heavy stems and little branching); semperflorens (blooming almost continuously throughout the year); rhizomat- ous (having prominent rhizomes which are horizontal, vertical, Or evident at ground level); Rex Cultorum ("king of the gard- ens") (marked for their prominent foliage ornamentation); tub- erous (with tuber-like formations or excessive growth of the rhizome at ground level or just above); and trailing-scandent (begonias which either trail or climb or both). The next sec- tion of text deals with "other ways of growing" that is, other than in the conventional flower pot: these include growing in hanging containers, in contained atmosphere (i.e., in terraria) and "naturalistic" (growing on driftwood, rocks, etc.). Sect. VY concerns the growing environment or setting (window ledges; outdoors; greenhouses). The last section is concerned with hyridization. Finally a glossary and 3 appendices: a long reference list of begonias, with 2450 (!!)species and culti- vars; a list of 25 begonia dealers; a very useful bibliography; and a detailed index. GMH "COCA AND OTHER NATURAL DRUGS," by Andrew Weil. Cassette No. 3615. 1 hour. Big Sur Recordings, PO Box 91, Big Sur, Cal. 93920. OCs This is a lecture recorded on tape which tells much about the uses and properties of coca leaf as it is employed among the Indians of northern South America. In addition to leaf chew- ing, the Amazon natives swallow a mixture of coca leaf with the carbonized leaf of some tree as stimulant for physical labor. Also recorded is the question period following the talk, in which the discussion also involves the values of Digitalis, Op- ium, etc., and the superior qualities of these over the so- called active principles of each, GMH rid! <- PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 52 February 1983 Eek No. 5 FIFTIETH JUBILEE YEAR MAR 1 1 1983 CONTENTS NEW YURI NICAL GARDI - FOOTE, M. A., The algae of New Jersey (U.S.A.) IV. BOTAN! (Brown ieae) DPA ig a he rs olaver atim whe, Catan Rama ers as aay ee ee acetate dere Le 281 PRINGLE, J. S., Nomenclature of the Amur Lilac, Syringa reticulata var. MERE SES (ENEACCIE). 6: <6 ays id Loe ele anke AD soaeaticle a ata ae 285 CREWZ, D. W., & MOFFLER, M. D., A white-flowered Erythrina herbacea L. (Fabaceae) from the Gulf coast of Florida ..............- 288 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Aegiphila. XXXI..... 289 ~ MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Bouchea. VII ....... 309 ~*~ MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Casselia. V......... 320 ~ MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Chascanum. IX ..... 323 ~ MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CLXIII...... 330 | HENRY, R. D., & SCOTT, A. R., New state records and other noteworthy Bettions for the fino Vascular floristic. ts eens 331 HENRY, R. D., Aspects of the weed component of the spontaneous Illinois eeilar PAWL LOFA=. C5 5d cinder te ical tt Meso sterabroentonn eae 336 ' SILBA, J., Addendum to a revision of Cupressus L. (Cupressaceae) ...... 349 GANDHI, K. N., & THOMAS, R.,D., A note on the gynoecium of Crataegus REMI TIICG (EUMICACEAE) <2 «thee sc sik ein se ie hileleri 362 - GANDHI, K. N., & THOMAS, R. D., A note on the odd petal in PRTEIIILS. 3.8 As /5 ane ye 2 are obcial svete rar apa teak Sati pinata ea 365 _ BURNS-BALOGH, P., Nomenclatural notes in Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) 367 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $13.00 in advance or $14.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. The Algae of New Jersey (U.S.A.) IV. Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) MaryAnn Foote Ecology Program Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Brown algae are primarily marine organisms of cold water. Some species of brown algae occur in brackish waters and salt marshes. Three genera are found in freshwater; however, the freshwater genera are rare and most brown algae are attached forms in the relatively shallow waters of the intertidal and subtidal zone. Again, the genera are listed alphabetically and collection dates chronologically within them. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ellen J. Vastola who prepared this document on the DEC-20 at Rutgers University. PHAEOPHYTA BROWN ALGAE Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) LeJolis Atlantic City, common (5); common, washed up in abundance at Longport, rare at Sandy Hook, Cape May (2); Cape May Point and Great Sound, Oct and Jul (6); Great Bay, May (4) Ascophyllum nodosum f. scorpioides (Hornemann) Reinke Barnegat Bay, Jul, Oct and Dec (9); Manahawken salt marsh (8) Asperococcus echinatus (Mert.) Grey Raritan Bay, Mar (1); Great Bay, May-June (4); Barnegat Bay, Jan-May (9) Chordaria flagelliformis (Mull.) C.Ag. rare at Atlantic City (5). Desmarestia viridis (Mull.) Lamour Barnegat Bay, Feb-Mar and May (9) Desmotrichum undulatum (J. Ag.) Reinke Great Bay, Jan (4); Barnegat Bay, Jan-June, Nov-Dec (9); Barnegat Bay (8) Desmotrichium undulatum var. zosterae LeJolis common at Atlantic City (5) Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus (Huds.) Grev. rather common at Atlantic City (5) Dictyosiphon foeniculatus var. americanus Collins Cape May harbor, May (6) Ectocarpus confervoides (Roth) LeJolis very common at Atlantic City (5); along coast in cold weather (6); Raritan Bay, Nov-Mar (1); Great Bay, May, June and Nov (4); Barnegat Bay, Feb, May-June, Dec (9); Manahawkin marsh (8) 281 282 PHYTOLOGIA No. 52, No. 5 Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillw.) Lyngb. common at Atlantic City (5); inlets, May-Oct (6); Raritan Bay, Dec and Mar (1); Great Bay, Mar, May, Nov (4); Barnegat Bay, Feb-Mar, May-June, Dec (9); Forked River, Apr-Aug, Oct, Dec-Jan, Stouts Creek (3) Ectocarpus siliculosus f. hiemalis (Crovan) Kuckuck Barnegat Bay, Dec-June (9) Ectocarpus tomentosus (Huds.) Lyngb. rather common at Atlantic City (5); Great Bay, Jan (4); Barnegat Bay, Dec-Jan (9) Elachista fucicola (Vell.) Aresch. common on Fucus, Atlantic City (5); coast, late summer to fall (6); Great Bay, Jan, Aug-Oct (4); Barnegat Bay, Feb-Mar, May-June (9) Fucus edentatus De la Pyl. Atlantic City, (5,2); Raritan Bay, Aug, Oct-Dec (1) Fucus spiralis L. Raritan Bay, Aug and Nov (1) Fucus vesiculosus L. common at Atlantic City (5); common along whole coast (2) common all year along coast (6);Raritan Bay, Jul-Aug, Oct-Dec, Mar (1);Great Bay, all year (4); Raritan Bay, June and Oct (7); Manahawkin salt marsh, Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor (8) Fucus vesiculosus var. laterifructus Grev. common along whole coast Fucus vesiculosus var. spiralis Farlow common along whole coast (2) Giffordia granulosa (J.E. Smith) Hamel not uncommon (5); Barnegat Bay, Jan-Feb, June, Dec (9) Giffordia mitchellae (Harv.) Hamel Great Bay, June (4); Barnegat Bay, June (9) Halothrix lumbricalis (Kutz) Reinke Barnegat Bay, Jan-Aug, Oct (9) Hecatonema terminalis (Kutz.) Kylin on Zostera, Atlantic City (5) Laminaria agardhii Kjellm. Cape May, Atlantic Highlands, Beach Haven, Barnegat Bay and Forked River, all year (6) Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour not rare, but not so common nor luxuriant as further north; washed ashore from below the low water mark (5) Leathesia difformis (L.) Aersch. not very common, generally of small size, growing on zostera at Atlantic City (5); Raritan Bay, Oct, Nov, Mar (1); Great Bay, May (4); Barnegat Bay, May-June (9); Little Egg Harbor (8) Myrionema strangulans Grev. Barnegat Bay, May-Aug, Dec and Mar (9) Myriotrichia clavaeformis Harv. KtTantic City (5); Great Bay, Mar (4); Barnegat Bay, Jun-Jul and Dec (9) Myriotrichia filiformis Harv. 1983 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 283 on Scytosiphon and Phyllitis (5); Barnegat Bay, Mar, May, June and Dec (9) Petalonia fascia (Mull.) Kuntze Raritan Bay, Nov-Dec and Mar (1) ;Great Bay, May, Nov-Jan, Mar (4);Barnegat Bay, May (9) Punctaria latifolia Grev. common at Atlantic City (5); harbor, common spring to early summer (6); Raritan Bay, Mar (1); Great Bay, Dec-May (4); Barnegat Bay, Dec-June (9) Punctaria latifolia f. crispata (Kutz) Collins Barnegat Bay, Dec (9) Punctaria plantaginea (Roth) Grev. rather common at Atlantic City (5); Cape May and Beach Haven, Jan-Feb, (6); Great Bay, June (4); Barnegat Bay, Dec-Jan and Apr-Jul (9) Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. very common and variable, Atlantic City (5); common along coast late spring and summer (6); Raritan Bay, Mar (1); Great Bay, May-June (4); Barnegat Bay, Jan-Mar, May-June (9) Ralfsia clavata (Carm.) Crouan sensu Farlow woodwork at Atlantic City (5); Barnegat Bay, Jan, May-Jul and Oct (9) Ralfsia verrucosa (Aresch.) L. Ag. small form growing on woodwork at Atlantic City (5); Barnegat Bay, June, Jul, Oct and Dec (9) Sargassum filipendula C. Ag. not very common at Atlantic City (5); frequently washed ashore along entire coast (2); coast in Sept (6) Sargassum filipendula var. montagnei (Bail.) Grun. along entire coast (2) Sargassum natans (L.) J. Meyer frequently washed ashore at Atlantic City, Longport (2) Scytosiphonia lomentaria (Lyngb.) Link Beach Haven, Feb and Apr (6); Great Bay, Feb-Mar, May-June (4); Barnegat Bay, Dec, Feb-Mar (9) Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) C. Ag. Barnegat Bay, Apr-Aug, Dec-Jan (9) ;Barnegat Bay (8) Sphacelaria radicans (Dillw.) C. Ag. Forked River, Jan, June-Aug; Stouts Creek, Jul, Oct (3) Sphaerotrichia divaricata (C.Ag.) Kylin not uncommon, at Atlantic City (5) Stilophora rhizodes (Erhardt) J. Ag. Barnegat Bay, Mar-Aug and Jan (9) 28h PHY T OF OG TA Vol. 52, No. 5 References 1. Abbiate, L.M. 1961. An ecological study of the attached Marine algae of Raritan Bay. M.S. thesis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. 69pp. 2. Britton, W.L. 1889. Catalogue of plants found in New Jersey. Final Report of State Geologist, Vol. II. 642pp. 3. Evans, C.A. 1977. The possible effects of thermal pollution on benthic algae in Oyster Creek, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. M.S. thesis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. 40pp. 4. Muller, H.W. 1965. The attached algae of Great Bay and Mullica River, New Jersey. M.S. thezis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. 63pp. 5. Morse, S.R. 1888. Algae from Atlantic City. Bull Torrey Bot. Club 15: 309-314 6. Richards, H.G. 1931. Notes on the marine algae of New Jersey. Botanica 13: 38-46 7. Seeliger, U. 1976. Heavy metal concentration in water and algae in the Raritan Bay, N.J. M.S. thesis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. 104pp. 8. Sugihara, T. and C. Yearsley, J.B. Durand and N.P. Psuty. 1979. Comparison of Natural and Altered Estuarine Systems: Analysis. Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 247pp. 9. Taylor, J.E. 1970. The ecology and seasonal periodicity of benthic marine algae from Barnegat Bay, N.J. Ph.D. thesis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. 109pp. NOMENCLATURE OF THE AMUR LILAC, SYRINGA RETICULATA VAR. AMURENSIS (OLEACEAE) James S. Pringle Royal Botanical Gardens, Box 399, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3H8 The natural range of Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara includes portions of the islands of Japan and the mainland of Asia in Korea, China, and the Soviet Union. In both floristic and horticultural works, the Japanese and mainland populations are usually considered to be varietally distinct. The differences are so subtle that in only a few publications, most of them not recent, are these taxa treated as distinct species. However, the differences are not without horticultural significance, and the two taxa are consistently recognized in horticultural literature. In a few floristic works, additional varieties of dubious taxonomic acceptability are listed, but these variants are not represented in horticulture, nor do their names have any bearing on the nomenclature of the more widely accepted taxa. Most of the representatives of S. reticu/ata in cultivation in North America and Europe are derived from the Japanese populations, and are called Japanese Tree Lilacs. Plants derived from the continental Asiatic populations are also cul- tivated, although less frequently, and are known as Amur Lilacs. When the genus Syringa was monographed by McKelvey in 1928, this species, as here circumscribed, was called S. amurensis Ruprecht. The Amur Lilac was the nominate variety, and the Japanese Tree Lilac was designated S. amurensis var. japonica (Maximowicz) Franchet & Savatier. In recent years, however, this species has been called S. reticu/ata (Blume) Hara, the epithet reticu/ata having seven years’ priority over amurensis. The basionym, Ligustrum reticulatum Blume, was based on specimens from Japan; therefore, the Japanese Tree Lilac constitutes the nominate variety, and bears the autonym S. reticulata var. reticulata. When Hara (1941) published the name S. reticu/ata for the species, he also published the combination S. reticu/ata var. mandshurica (Maximowicz) Hara for the Amur Lilac, this name having been based on Ligustrina amurensis = mand- shurica Maximowicz. This basionym, however, is patently illegitimate, and there- fore without standing in considerations of priority, under Article 63 and other provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). IContribution No. 50 from the Royal Botanical Gardens, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 285 286 PH Yel O-LD' GE a Vol. 52, No. 5 In Maximowicz’s (1859) first work dealing with the tree lilacs, he treated all of the continental Asian members of this group as Syringa amurensis Ruprecht, com- prising two varieties (Article 35.3, ICBN): « genuina, reported from several localities in the Amur watershed, and 6 pekinensis, based on S. pekinensis Ruprecht, from the vicinity of Beijing (then transliterated Pekin). Maximowicz first used the epithet mandshurica in this context in 1875, in a work dealing with the flora of Japan as well as of northeast China. The group as a whole was then called Ligustrina amurensis (Ruprecht) Ruprecht, with three subordinate taxa: « mandshurica, with its range given as Manchuria, extending to the Korean border; B pekinensis, from the vicinity of Beijing, and y japonica, from Japan. From the use of “’«,’” the absence of any mention of [var.] genuina, and the range given for « mandshurica, it is evident that Maximowicz applied the epithet mandshurica to the typical subdivision of L. amurensis. This conclusion was reached by Korshinsky (1892), who treated the nominate variety of Syringa amurensis as ‘‘var. mandshurica (genuina) Maxim.” (italicization Korshinsky’s), and also by McKelvey (1928). Under the present rules of nomenclature, the names Ligustrina amurensis « mandshurica Maxim. and Syringa amurensis var. mandshurica (Maxim.) Korshinsky were nomenclaturally superfluous v:hen published, and the priority of the epithet mandshurica at varietal rank there- fore dates only from its use by Hara in 1941. Furthermore, there was no description nor any reference to a description directly and exclusively associated with the taxon mandshurica by Maximowicz (1875). His statement that within L. amurensis ‘‘formae tres distingui possint” (emphasis mine) makes it questionable whether varietal rank can be assigned to mandshurica as of 1875, Under the provisions Of amendments to the ICBN dealing with autonyms, adopted at Sydney in 1981, Maximowicz’s naming of Syringa amurensis [var.] pekinensis in 1859 automatically established a var. amurensis, even though Maxi- mowicz at that time called the taxon [var.] genuina. These recent amendments provide that the epithet of the autonym S.amurensis var. amurensis has priority when the Amur Lilac is treated as a variety of S. reticulata. The following new combination is therefore required: Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara var. amurensis (Ruprecht) Pringle, comb. nov. Basionym: Syringa amurensis Ruprecht, Bull. Cl.,Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, ser. 2, 15:371. 1857. Since the name S. reticulata var. mandshurica has been used with increasing frequency in recent years, this new combination does result in an unfortunate element of nomenclatural instability. Conversely, however, it restores a familiar epithet that was associated with the Amur Lilac for many years and is still fre- quently encountered. Also, it is conducive to nomenclatural clarity that whether the Amur Lilac is treated as a variety of S. reticu/ata or as a distinct species, it will bear the same epithet. A notable benefit of the recent amendments to the ICBN is that it is no longer necessary, in this context, to be concerned with the identity of the type of the name S. amurensis var. rotundifolia (Decaisne) Lingelsheim (see McKelvey, 1928), since its problematical and unfamiliar epithet has priority at varietal rank only from 1920. 1983 Pringle, Nomenclature of the Amur Lilac 287 Literature Cited Hara, H. 1941. Observationes ad plantas Asiae orientalis XVII. J. Jap. Bot. 17:18-26. Korshinsky, S.1. 1892. Plantas amurenses in itinere anni 1892 collectas enumerat novasque species describit. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada (Acta Horti Petrop.) 12:287-431. Maximowicz, C.J. 1859. Primitiae florae amurensis. Versuch einer Flora des Amur- Landes. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Divers Savants 9:1-504, pl. 1-10 + 1 map. McKelvey, S.D. 1928. The Lilac: a Monograph. New York: The Macmillan Company. xvi + 581 pp. + 171 pl. + 4 charts. A WHITE-FLOWERED ERYTHRINA HERBACEA L. (FABACEAE) FROM THE GULF COAST OF FLORIDA David W. Crewz and Mark D. Moffler Florida Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Laboratory 100 Eighth Avenue S. E. St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 A white-flowered specimen of the normally red-flowered Erythrina herbacea L. was observed growing at the margin of a coastal thicket at Fort DeSoto Park, Pinellas County, Florida. The plant consists of several stems approximately 10 cm in diameter and 3 m in height. A search of the area did not reveal any other white-flowered plants, although the red-flowered form was very common. Limited observations through two reproductive periods did not reveal any potential pollinators visiting the flowers although ants were occasionally observed around the inflorescence. Erythrina herbacea L. f. albiflora Moffler and Crewz, forma nova Differt a forma rubra floribus albibus pro rubribus habet. Holotype: Florida: Pinellas County: Fort DeSoto Park: at margin of wooded area on St. Jean Key, west of State Road 693 (T33s, RI6E, sec. 8). Associates include Quercus geminata, Sabal palmetto, and Dalbergia ecastophyllum. David W. Crewz 2132 (STPE). An isotype is in the herbarium of the University of South Florida (USF). 288 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS ABGIPHILA. XXXI Harold N. Moldenke AEGIPHILA ANOMALA Pittier Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 239. 1982. Knapp and his associates describe this as a tree, 10-20 m. tall, the "stems" bright-brown-pubescent, and the corollas white. They have found it growing in tropical wet forests and premontane rain~ forests, at 650—1000 m. altitude, in anthesis in March and May. Additional citations: PANAMA: Coclé: Knapp 5300 (Ld). Panamé: Knapp, Foster, Mallet, & Huft 51) (Ld). AEGIPHILA HIRSUTISSIMA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 251. 1982. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as A. longifolia Turcz. On the other hand, the Forero & Jaramillo 2561, distributed as A. hirsutissima, 2 orie seems to be A. hoehnei var. spectabilis Mold. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Miranda: Liesner & Gonz4lez 9213 (E--2939785); Steyermark & Davidse 116323 (E—27799L5). Té- chira: Berti & Pefla 151-980 (Ld). GUYANA: Persaud 90 (N). AEGIPHILA HOEHNEI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 328 (1980), 50: 24 (1982), and 52: 245. 1982. Recent collectors describe this species as a treelet, ) m. tall, or as a vine, with yellow-green buds and orange-colored fruit, and have found it growing in mature forests and along creeks, at 210 m. altitude, in flower in September and in fruit in August. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as Rubiaceae sp. On the other hand, the Forero & Jaramillo 2505, distributed as A. hoehnei, actually is A. deppeana Steud. Additional citations: PERU: - eretor Gentry, Vasquez, & Jaramnil- lo 29798 (Ld). BRAZIL: AmazOnas: Berg, Steward, & Ramos P.18799 AEGIPHILA HOEHNEI var. PUYENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 328. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 127 & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA HOEHNEI var. SPECTABILIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 328 (1980) and 50: 2h. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1--3 m. tall, or a liana, 3--l, m. long, the leaves coriaceous, the inflores- 289 290 PHY 210 170-G Pa Vol. 52, No. 5 cence green, and the fruit at first green, later yellow, finally orange. They have encountered the plant in secondary woods, trop— ical wet forests, low cloud forests, and disturbed cloud forests, at 45--1000 m. altitude, in fruit from August to October and De- cember. The Knapp & Schmalzel collection, cited below, is anomalous in having very thin-membranous leaf-blades, but the specimens were apparently collected when the inflorescence was at the very start of anthesis. It was erroneously distributed as Malpighiaceae sp. Other material of A. hoehnei var. spectabilis has been misidenti- fied and distributed in some herbaria as A. hirsutissima Mold. Additional citations: PANAMA: Colén: Knapp & Schmalzel 1799 (Ld). Panam4: Knapp 903 (Ld); Sullivan 193 193 (Ld); Sytsma 128 (Ld); Sytsma, Hahn, & Anto Antonio io 2859 (Ld). COLOMBIA: Chocé: Forero & & Jara- millo 2561 (nN). AEGIPHILA HOEHNEI var. VENEZUELENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 328. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 113 & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA HOFFMANNIOIDES Standl. & Steyerm. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 226. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 70 & 520. 1980. ANGIPHILA INSIGNIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 0: 226--227. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 131 & 520. 1980. AEGIPHILA INTEGRIFOLIA (Jacq.) Jacq. Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, imp. 2, 2: 246 & 259. 1791; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 550. 1839; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. h: 122, 126, 130, & 131. 1845; Bocq. in Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot. 3: 190 & 26h, pl. 9, fig. 12--1). 1863; Pio Corréa, Dicc. Pl. Uteis Bras. 2: 50. 1931; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 82, 98, 103, 106, 113, 121, 125; 127, 131, 137, 173, 34h, 369--371, 377, 423, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phyto- logia 7: 135 (1980) and 50: 2hh & 248. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2m. tall, or as a "heliophilous shrubby tree", 2—6 m. tall, the trunk 12 ecm. in diameter, the bark vale-yellowish with small vertical rows of rusty- red lenticels, the slash soft and cream—color, the young stems sharply tetragonal, the stems and leaves with an unpleasant smell, and the fruit vermillion "e sementes pretas", and have found it growing in poorly drained forests, in firm wet clay soil in low capoeira near igarapés, in open areas, in disturbed dry forests, a- mong secondary vegetation, and, according to Buschbacher, “typical- ly found in pastures as sprouts". He records the vernacular name, "comida de danto". It has been collected by recent botanists at 100—700 m. altitude, flowering in March, June, August, and October, and in fruit in February and August. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Albuquerque & al. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 291 1239, Aristeguieta 3916, Beck 8274, Gentry & Berry 1465), Huashi-+ kat kat 2h5, Mathias & Taylor 5310 5310, an and Krapovickas & as & Schinini - 36127, Wcream"~color on Lowrie & al. al. 659, and “yellowish-white” on Steinbach 776. Albuquerque and his associates describe the plant as "frequent", Pio Corréa (1931) lists a vernacular name, "bois de golette", from French Guiana, as well as "carindiba" from Brazil. He notes that "Tem as variedades breviflora e longiflora; qualquer destas ou a especie-typo, na Amazonia e no Rio de Janeiro". It should be pointed out here that the leaves on some French Guiana collections cited below, notably Oldeman B.3368, resemble those of A. sellowiana Cham. in seme respects and it may be that these two species hybridize. Material of A. integrifolia has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria as Clerodendrum sp., Cornutia sp., Mostuea brasiliensis Huber, and Rubiaceae sp. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Shepherd 567 (Ws). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Buschbacher 55 (Ld). Bolivar: C. Blanco (N); Gentry & Berry 1465 (Ld), 14927 (E~—2h6L5h2, Ld), 15070 (E— (E-— 264543, Ld). Guérice: Aristeguieta a 6302 (W--2925983) . Monagas? Aristeguieta 3916 3916 (N, W--2925973). Zulia: Bunting 681), (Ld); Bun- ting & Alfonzo G. 6892 (Ld); Bunting & Fueci 8368 (Ld). FRENCH GUIANA: Granville 483 (Ld); Grenand 1980 (Ld); Oldeman 1279 (Cy), 16h (Cy), 3029 (Cy), B.3368 (P), 1.832 (Cy, Cy). ECUADOR: Pas- taza: Lg jtnan ant & Molau | 13356 (Ac), ~13h51 (Ac). PERU: Amazonas: Huashikat a (Ld), 2h 245 (Ld) (Ld); Mathias & as & Taylor r 5310 (W—2653178) . Hudnuco: Humbert 31023 23 (N). BRAZIL: Acre: Albuquerque, Mota, & Olivieri 1239 (Ld, YN); Lowrie, Lowry, & Nelson 659 (Ld). cRge de Janeiro: Lira & al. 397 [Herb. FEEMA 19165] (Lc). BOLIVIA: El Beni: S. G. B Eee ; 8274 (Ld). Santa Crug: Krapovickas & Schinini 36127 (Ld); R. F. Steinbach 776 (N). = ARGIPHILA INTEGRIFOLIA var. GUIANENSIS (Mold.) Lépez=-Palacios Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 329. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 106, 113, 121, 137, 3%9, 370, & 52. 1980. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in thickets and secondary mountain vegetation, at 200 m. altitude, flowering in September, and fruiting in July. They describe it as a small tree, )--8 m. tall, the anthers brown, the filaments white, and the fruit green (in July). They report the vernacular name, "“tabaquillo". The corollas are said to have been "white" on Da- vidse & al. 18201 and Liesner & Gonzd4lez 5776. ae Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Schultes & Lépez 8260 (Ws). Aragua: Davidse, Huber, & Rollet 16699 (Ld). Bolfvar: Liesner & Gonz4lez 5776 (Ld). Gudrice: Aristeguieta 6302 (N). Sucre: Steyermark, Manara, & Morillo 108631 (N). Zulia: Davidse, Gonzdlez, & Leén 18201 (La). “BRAZIL: Pardé: Silva & Santos 1,602 (N). 292 POH DT TO Ge, OcGeR A Vol. 52, No. 5 AEGIPHILA INTHGRIFOLIA var. LOPEZ-PALACIT Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 127, 173, 371, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 329-~330 (1980) and 50: 28. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as 1.2 m. tall, with orange-colored fruit, and have found it growing in matorral, at 170 m. altitudes, in both flower and fruit in April. The corollas are said to have been "yellowish" on Krapovickas & Schinini 34805 and “white” on Krapovickas & Schinini 36190. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: El Beni: Krapovickas & Schinini 34805 (Ld). Santa Cruz: Krapovickas & Schinini 36198 (W—-290))20). AEGIPHILA INTERMEDIA Meld. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 106, 113, 137, & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 330. 1980. Recent collectors refer to this species as a shrub, 3 m. tall, and have found it growing in clay soil of virgin forests on terra firme, in anthesis in August. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Rodriguez & Chagas 4,077. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Ducke 136 (W--2592950); Rodrigues & Chagas 077 (Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. 10642] (N). Par&: Silva & Bahia 2936 (N). AEGIPHILA KILLIPII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytol. Men. 2: 106 & 520. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 330. 1980. AEGIPHILA LAETA H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Bocq. in Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot. 3: 190. 1863; Mold., Phytologia 6: 330 & 336. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 82, 85, 106, 113, & 520. 1980. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or treelet, 0.8--2.5 m. tall, the branches and leaves opposite, the flowers small, tubular, borne in "terminal cymes", and the fruit orange in color. They have found it in flower in July and October and in fruit in January and October, growing in tropical dry forests and abandoned farmlands, from sealevel to 100 m. altitude. The corol= las are said to have been "cream"-color on Hammel & D'A 5001. Additional citations: PANAMA: Panam&: Knapp 3283 (Ld). San Blas: Hammel & D'Arcy 5001 (E--2889936). COLOMBIA: Atldntico: Du- gand 573% (W-~21,54237) . AEGIPHILA LAEVIS (Aubl.) Gmel. Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, imp. 2, 2: 259. 1791; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 550. 18393; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. h: 119-120. 1853 Bocq. in Baill., Adansonia, ser. 1 [Rec. Obs. Bot.] 3: 190 & 26h, pl. 9, fig. 11. 1863; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, ) (3a): 166. 1895; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 106, 113, 121, Mas 125, 137, 3lb, & 521. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 6: 330--331. 9 0. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Aegiphila 293 Additional illustrations: Bocq. in Baill., Adansonia, ser. 1 [Rec.JObs. Bot.) 3: pl..9, fig. 11. 1863. Recent collectors describe this plant as a riverine, woody or somewhat woody liana, the wood white, all the branches orthotro- pous, "l'ecorce gris foncé ou rouge&tre écailleuse, feuilles vert foncé, brillantes en dessus, vert un peu clair et assez brillantes avec une puberulence grisdtre trés clairsemée en dessous", the flowers odorous, the corolla "greenish-white" in bud, "cream"— color during anthesis, and "yellow" when old, the stamens green- ish-white, the anthers light-brown, "les fleurs doubles et tran- sitions avec simples (8 dents de la corolle), ) courtes et longues étamines", the buds green, and the fruit yellow (in June). Material has been misidentified and distributed in some her= baria as Bignoniaceae sp. or Hippocrateaceae sp. Additional citations: FRENCH GUIANA: Granville B.5)69 (Ld); Oldeman 2398 (Cy, Cy), 3216 (Cy, Cy). AEGIPHILA LANATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 25: 13. 1973; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 137 & 521. 1980. Héringer describes the flowers of this plant as fragrant and the corollas “cream"-color. He found it in anthesis in December and reports that the fruits are eaten by birds and rats. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Héringer 15580 (W--2926776), 18076 (W--2926795) . 5 s08'oa Vie bk clas oh ace Bh ee 387 _-MOLDEN KE, H. N., Notes on new noteworthy plants. CLXIV. . . . 414 -MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on the genus Caryopteris iebenacese) SN TC SEMA TE UN Aap ahs. (fe ein pt ANE 415 | MOLDENKE, A. L., Book reviews Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road MAR1i 1 1983 Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. NEW YOURKN Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $13.00 in ad@ante bt 9 iAlaftesA RD Close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. NEW TAXA OF TRADESCANTIA FROM NORTHCENTRAL MEXICO B. L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas Austin, Texas 78712 Routine efforts to identify collections of the family Commelinaceae from the Chihuahuan Desert regions of northcentral Mexico have revealed two previously undescribed taxa, Tradescantia gypsophila and T. wrightii var. glandulopubescens, as noted below. Tradescantia gypsophila B. L. Turner, sp. nov. I. wrightii accendens sed habitu robustiore, foliis amplio- ribus, floribus multioribus, praeter ovarium perfecte glabris. Perennial herbs 10-30 cm tall, glabrous throughout (except for the ovary). Roots fleshy, 2-4 mm thick, conspicuously pubescent, arising from short, stout, rhizomes. Leaves sedge-like, up to 15 cm long, mostly erect, reportedly "grey-green" when fresh; the lower most much-reduced, persistent as an aggregation of brown, scarious, tufted, sheaths; nodes and sheaths scarcely, if at all, inflated, the mid-stem blades linear-lanceolate, strongly plicate, 6-10 mm wide. Spathes leaf-like, 2-10 cm long. Inflorescences predominantly terminal on peduncles 2-10 cm long. Flowers reportedly "maroon to rose-red" or “purple-violet", (6)30-40 per primary inflorescence. Pedicels glabrous, up to 30 mm long, reflexed and twisting with age. Sepals narrowly triangular, 6-8 mm long, 2.5-3.0 mm wide, glabrous, translucent or scarious, with a faint mid-rib. Petals 7-10 mm long, ca. 5 mm broad, widest at the middle. Stamens ca. 6 mm long; anthers ca. 1.5 mm wide, the connective yellow, ca. 0.8 mm wide; filaments ca. 4 mm long, pubescent with white, multiseptate, hairs ca. 7 mm long. Ovary ca. 1.1 mm long, very sparsely pubescent with scattered, short, glandular trichomes; carpels 3, each with 2 ovules; style ca. 351 mm long, the stigma capitate. Seeds oval, grey, ca. 3 mm long, the funicular scar ca. 1/2 the length of the seed. TYPE: MEXICO. Coahuila: ca. 32 (air) mi NE of San Pedro, 1 m4 SW of Las Delicias at spring on limestone cliffs (26°14 N x 102749 W), 3560 ft, 27 Aug 1971, J. Henrickson 6040. (holotype TEX; isotypes MEXU). Additional specimens examined: MEXICO. Chihuahua: 9 km N of Cerros,,Blancos on winding road to Rancho La Gloria (27°08°N x 104°05 30 W), 1325 m, 31 Aug 1972, Johnston et al. 9039 (LL). 369 370 Pe Yel eOe li 2On Grek Vol. 52, No. 6 Coahuila: 12 km NNE of Las Marguaritas gn the, eastern ridge of Sierra de las Margaritas (26°33 30 N x 102-51 30 ), 1300-1400 m, 24 Sep 1972, Chiang et al. 9508C (LL); ca. 35 (air) mi SSW of Cuatro Cienegas, N slope of limestone Sierra de Los Alamitos, ca. 9.2 (rd.) mi S of El Hundido (26°30 N x 102°17 W), 29 Sep 1973 Henrickson 13680 (TEX); S part of Sierra de los Oyganos, Ca. 9 1/2 km E of Puerto del Gallo (ca. 26°43 30 x 103°01 W), 1200- 2100 m, 8 Aug 1973, Johnston et al. 12125A (LL). The specimens cited above are clearly related to Tradescantia wrightii, a species of trans-Pecos Texas, southeastern New Mexico and adjacent Mexico (cf. below) but differ in a number of traits, including edaphic preference, which I suspect is predominantly gypseous (Ca SO,), for the plant has been collected in a region where gypseous dutcrops abound. Indeed, the holotype was collected at a locality which I have visited and know to be predominantly gypseous and which houses a number of rare gypsophilic species including the genus Marshalljohnstonia (Henrickson, 1976) and yet other pecuilar endemics (e.g. Nerisyrenia johnstonii Bacon). In addition, label data of two of the other specimens refer to gypsum outcrops or substrates (Chiang et al. 9408C and Johnston et al. 12125A) as part of the locale and roots of one of these show adhering gypsum soil particles. During a visit to Austin sometimes in the mid 1970's D. Hunt of Kew, avid scholar of the Commelinaceae, noted by annotation on Chiang et al. 9508C that the plant presumably belonged to the Series Virginianae of the Section Tradescantia. However, I relate the species to T. wrightii which Hunt (1981) assigned "tentatively" to the Series Tuberosae which includes T. pinetorum Greene, a tuberous species of southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico which superficially resembles T wrightii. Nevertheless, I would relate both T. wrightii and T. gypsophila to the series Virginianae; neither of the later have tuberous roots and both produce short, but well defined rhizomes, strikingly different from the root system of T. pinetorum. Tradescantia wrightii var glandulopubescens B. L. Turner - var nov. A varietate typica pedicellis sepalisque conspicue glanduloso-pubescentibus et distributione magis meridionali differt. TYPE. MEXICO. Coahuila: Sierra del Carmen, "sheltered hollow along rim of spectacular scarp that drops off t9 Boquillas country to the W, ca. 1 1/2 mi S of Pico de Cerda, (29°11 30 N x 102°48 W), 2050 m, 11 Aug 1974, T. Wendt 556A (holotype LL). 1983 Turner, New taxa of Tradescantia 371 @Tradescantia wrightii v. wrightii OTradescantia wrightii v. glandulopubescens * Tradescantia gypsophila UG ) ef cA Zz 12 :Z “Z Z A SF iF Ss S HE EEG Maine. ~ i Fig. 4. Distribution of Tradescantia taxa. 372 Jet Tel dere 10) VipaOrlee ay I Vol. 52, Nowe Additional specimens examined: MEXICQ. Chihuahua: 4,km. SSW, of,Cerro del Gringo in the Sierra del Diablo (ca. 27°09. Xx 104° 08 ), 30 Aug 1972, Chiang et al. 9022a (LL). Coahuila: 18.2 (rd.) mi W on Villa Ocampo towards Laguna del Rey, 4300 ft, 23 Sep 1974, J Jd. Henrickson Meal (TEX). Santa Rosa Mts (ca. 28-N x 102°-W), 25 Jul 1938, E. M. Marsh 1479 (TEX). U.S.A. Texas: Brewster Co.: Top of Dead Horse Mountains at head of Heath Canyon, 3800 ft, 19 Jul 1952, Warnock 10775 (LL). The distributional relationships of the two allopatric varieties of Tradescantia wrightii are shown in Fig 1, along with that of T. sophila. It will be noted that the latter occurs in the vicinity of var. glandulopubescens but there is no indi- cation of intergradations between the two, T. gypsophila being consistently broad-leaved and glabrous throughout. The var. glandulopubsecens probably does intergrate with var. wrightii in regions of near sympatry, at least to judge from the variability of pubescence in the two varieties, but no clear intermediates were found in the present study. Literature Cited Henrickson, J. 1976. Marshalljohnstonia, a new genus (Asteraceae) with a rosette-shrub growth habit from Mexico. System. Bot. 1: 169-180. Hunt, D. R. 1981. Sections and series in Tradescantia. Kew Bull. 35: 437-442. ORTHOPHYTUM GURKENII, SP. NOV. (BROMELIACEAE) Paul C. Hutchison Research Associate, Herbarium University of California, Berkeley, California During an expedition organized by Roberto Burle Marx of Rio de Janeiro in September 1981, plants of a new species of Ortho- phytum with zebra-striped leaves were collected living. Subse- quently these flowered in the Burle Marx and the Gurken collec- tions in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro and in November 1982, at the request of Luiz Carlos Gurken, I drew up the following descrip- tion from examination of many living plants. In December this description was further elaborated at Berkeley from a living flow- ering specimen hand-carried by me from Brasil. It was then pressed as the holotype. An additional specimen prepared by Gurken in Brasil is being forwarded by me to Smithsonian as an isotype. ORTHOPHYTUM GURKENII P. C. Hutchison, sp. nov. Ab omnibus ceteris speciebus Orthophyti foliis purpureo-brunneis irregulariter zebrinis, spicis glabris globulosis pallide viridibus in inflores- centiis laxe bipinnatis usque ad 40 cm. altis, floribus sessilibus albis 15-16 cm. longis, sepalis viridibus 13 mm. longis discedit. Plants solitary with short, thick caudex, the sterile plants mostly up to 15 cm. tall and 25 cm. in diameter, larger in shade, somewhat smaller in the wild, especially when in full sun, the leaves suberect to spreading. Flowering plant 40 cm. tall with leaves to 25 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, shallowly and broadly can- aliculate, spreading, arching recurved or the uppermost on the inflorescence deflexed, with a distinct sheath enfolding the stem, the blades broadly triangular-attenuate, laxly spinose with teeth up to 2.5 mm. long, deep purplish or purplish brown, irregularly and sparsely white lepidote beneath, above white lepidote in straight, wavy, or irregular to jagged lines mostly 2-3 mm. wide extending to the margins or nearly (zebra-striped), alternating with glabrous zones about 5 mm. wide. Scape arching, stout (1.5 mm. diameter basally, 6 mm. diameter below the first flowers), densely white lepidote with purplish epidermis visible. Scape bracts forming a series from the largest leaves to a lance-atten- uate apical bract 10 cm. long, 24 mm. wide, deflexed but scarcely recurved, coriaceous, rounded basally, marked as the leaves with lepidote scales, the stalk lepidote. Inflorescence laxly bipin- nate; axis white lanate-lepidote over purplish epidermis; primary bracts like the scape bracts but reduced to 9 x 2 cm., 5 x 2 cm., 4 x 2 cm. and down to ca. 1 x 1 cm., the uppermost ones becoming greenish and losing cross-striae, although still sparsely lepidote, all deflexed to parallel the axis or nearly; 3 to 6 spikes sessile, 373 37h PET hoe re Vol. 52, No. 6 semiglobose, many flowered, up to 3 cm. tall and 4 cm. in diameter, pale green; floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding flowers, rigid, arched-recurving, whitish serrulate, pungent. Flowers 15- 16 mm. long. Sepals symmetric, lance-triangular, attenuate, whit- ish below shading to pale green on the apical half, 13 mm. long, ecarinate to carinate, not coriaceous, margins and apex simple. Petals 15-16 mm. long, linear, obtuse apically, white, or white apically and somewhat greenish below. Filaments white. Ovary ovate, 4 mm. in diameter. Style barely exserted, whitish. Flow- ers scarcely pedicillate, mostly sessile. BRASIL, state of Minas Gerais, Municipality of TeOfilo Otoni, near the town, Luiz Carlos Gurken and Sergio Gurken 1002 (UC 1475009-Holotype, US). A supplementary number on the holotype is P. C. Hutchison 8379. The isotype was pressed in Brasil in 1982 by Luiz Carlos Gurken from his living collection in Vargem Grande near Rio de Janeiro. Plants are also cultivated by Roberto Burle Marx at his sitio, Santo Antonio de Bica, near Barra do Guaratiba just south of Rio de Janeiro. A single specimen is growing at Tropic World, Escondido, California. This species is a narrow endemic. The population occupies an area no larger than 100 x 100 meters on rocky outcrops associated with Lycopodium, Vellozia, Encholirion, Pseudopilosocereus, a palm, and a nettle-like Euphorbiaceous shrub that stings painfully. The Encholirion likewise appeared to be endemic; the other species were seen elsewhere. Grazing occurs in the area and there is also danger of fire. Consequently this new species could easily be ex- terminated by indescriminate collecting or by habitat destruction. Material for collectors should be produced from seed as the plant seldom offsets. The Gurken brothers are attempting to produce seedlings. The zebra stripes on dark brown-purple leaves set this species apart from all other Orthophytum species. The aspect of the ster- ile plants is like Cryptanthus zonatus and C. fosterianus, but the color contrasts are stronger and the stripes more clearly defined, and the leaves are ultimately larger. It is a pleasure to dedicate this new species to Luiz Carlos Gurken who, with his brother Sergio, has for the last dozen years or so collected many new species of Bromeliaceae and rediscovered Many rare species throughout Brasil. They have a superb collec- tion in Vargem Grande and are propagating the choicest of their discoveries from seed. Duplicates of many of their collections are growing in the private botanical garden of Roberto Burle Marx. Their collections include many rare and new species in other fam- ilies from Brasil and other South American countries, most notably 1983 Hutchison, Orthophytum gurkenii 375 in Cactaceae, Araceae, Velloziaceae, Heliconia and Begonia. Color photographs of this strikin g new species will be pub- lished in the Bromeliad Journal. A NOTE ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS K. N. Gandhi and R. Dale Thomas The Herbarium, Department of Biology, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe, La. 71209. Angiosperm fruits are broadly classified into three groups--simple, aggregate, and multiple. Simple fruits develop from one simple or compound ovary of one flower. Aggregate fruits develop from many ovaries of one flower. Multiple or composite fruits develop from Many ovaries (1 per flower) of an inflorescence and develop as a single unit. The fruits of a few taxa in Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Boraginaceae, Lamiaceae, Limnanthaceae, etc. do not correctly fit into any of these three categories. Individual flowers are involved in the formation of fruits in these taxa so their fruits are not multiple ones. These taxa have two free ovaries or four ovaries and all the ovaries of a flower are con- nected by a compound style or stigma. The presence of more than one ovary per flower rules out the choice of simple fruits. But their fruits are not the aggregate type because the carpels are not free (apocarpous gynoecia occur in Rosaceae, Magnoliaceae, and related families). The fruits of milkweed (Asclepias) are often called simple follicles but they are not simple fruits since they develop from more than one ovary. Delphinium in the Ranunculaceae is a correct example of a simple follicle. The fruits of the taxa discussed here appear to be intermediate between simple and aggregate types. Simple fruits could be further divided into two groups. All fruits developing from a single simple or compound ovary are simple fruits (l-ovariate). The fruits developing from two or more ovaries of an apoovarious gynoecium are simple fruits (apo-ovariate). The simple fruit (apo-ovariate) may include pairs of follicles (eg., Asclepias, Calotropis, Catharanthus, Plumeria, etc.), four nutlets (eg., Cyno Lossum, Heliotropium, Lamium, Leucas, Ocimum, etc.), and four achenes ae Limnantha). The simple fruits (apo- ovariate) should not be confused with schizocarpic fruits of the simple (l-ovariate) type. A schizocarpic fruit develops from one compound ovary and its carpels separate from each other only at maturity. 376 PLACENTATION IN BIGNONIACEAE AS ILLUSTRATED BY CATALPA, MILLINGTONIA, KIGELIA, AND ECCREMOCARPUS K. N. Gandhi and R. Dale Thomas The Herbarium, Department of Biology, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe, La. 71209. The Bignoniaceae has a bicarpellary superior ovary with many ovules. Placentation has been reported as parietal in a unilocular ovary and as two axiles in each locule of a bilocular ovary. The ovaries in Catalpa, Millingtonia, and Kigelia are bilocular. The placentation in Catalpa is subaxile (figure 1) and that in Millingtonia and Kigelia is subparietal (figure 2). Catalpa has a caotten sterile tissue in the center of the ovary and on both sides of it bifid parietal placenta occur in the antero-posterior positions. The arrangement of the ovules in Millingtonia and Kigelia is almost the same but the central tissue is very thin. The central, thin sterile structure in these two genera is comparable to the structure of the replum found in the Crucifer ovary (Brassicaceae) (figure 4). The ovary of Eccremocarpus is unilocular with two bifid parietal placenta (figure 3). From the evidence cited above, the parietal placentation (as in Eccremocarpus) in the Bignoniaceae could be derived from subaxile placentation (as in Catalpa) through subparietal placentation by the issolution of the central tissue found in Millingtonia and Kigelia. The authors thank Swami Vishnumayananda (S.R.K.V.M., Bangalore, India) for providing specimens of Kigelia and Millingtonia and also Dr. B. K. S. Singh, Mr. N. Mohan, and Miss P. Chandrika (National College, Bangalore) for a discussion on this topic. 377 378 PH YT OO G°r & Vol. 52, No. 6 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 4 A REORGANIZED CONTRIBUTORS' INDEX TO THE NATIONAL LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PLANT NAMES Richard K. Rabeler Beal-—Darlington Herbarium & Lyman Briggs School Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 As both a user and contributor to the Wattonal List of Setenttfie Plant Names (Rice et al., 1982), I have found it is often difficult to determine if the treatment of a particular taxon was contributed by an outside consultant. The index to contributors in volume 1 (pp. ii-iv) is arranged alphabetically by surname, with 221 specialists listed. In recent floras that have included numerous treatments by specialists, the reader can readily determine the contributor to the text or listings for a taxon, e.g. Flora Furopaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1980). The checklist of Kartesz & Kartesz (1980) provided such information indirectly since the list of contributors is arranged alphabeti- cally by pteridophyte, gymnosperm, and angiosperm families. The index presented here represents a transformation of the contributor index in Rice et al. (1982) into a listing arranged by plant family. The numerical order of families followed by Rice et al. (1982) is used to allow for maximum compatibility. Genera are listed alphabetically within the assigned family. A few contributions are geographical (e.g. Wyoming plant distri- butions) rather than taxonomic and are listed at the end of the family listing. LITERATURE CITED Kartesz, J.T., & R. Kartesz. 1980. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Green- land. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Rice, W.E., et al. compilers. 1982. National list of scientific plant names. 2 vols. Soil Cons. Serv. Publ. SCS-TP-159. Tutin, T.G., et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora Europaea. 5 vols. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Willis, J.C. 1966. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. 7th ed. rev. by H.K. Airy Shaw. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 319 380 1-17 Pteridophyta D.B. Lellinger 8 Polypodiaceae Cryptogramma-T. Reeves Macrothelypteris-A.R. Smith Pseudophegopterts-ARS Thelypterts—ARS 9 Ceratopteridaceae Ceratopterts-R.M. Lloyd 18 Cycadaceae Zamta-J.E. Eckenwalder 25 Typhaceae Typha-D.E. Fairbrothers 26 Pandanaceae B.C. Stone 27 Sparganiaceae Spargantum-V.L. Harms 28 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton-R.R. Haynes 29 Najadaceae Najas-R.R. Haynes 32 Alismataceae Sagtttarta-E.0. Beal, J.W. Wooten 33 Butomaceae Butomus-R.L. Stuckey 34 Hydrocharitaceae Egerta-H. St. John Elodea-HSJ Vallisnerta-R.M. Lowden 36 Gramineae F.W. Gould Amphtearpum -D.E. Fairbrothers Bouteloua-C.G. Reeder, J.R. Reeder Eragrostis-L.H. Harvey Microstegtwn-DEF Muhlenbergta-CGR Sttpa-M. Barkworth Swallenta-T.R. Soderstrom PHYTOLGQGHEIA Si 38 40 46 47 49 50 Syl 3)3) 5)>) Vol. 52, No. 6 Cyperaceae T. Koyama Abildgaardia-R. Kral Bulbostylts—-RK Carex-P.W. Ball, F.J. Hermann, A.A. Reznicek, J.M. Webber Fimbrtsty Lis-RK Futrena-RK Hemtcarpha-A.E. Schuyler Pstlocarya-RK Rhynchospora-RK Setrpus-AES Websterta-RK, AES Palmae R.W. Read Araceae T.B. Croat, D-.G. Hutblesrone D.H. Nicolson Xyridaceae Ree kraut Eriocaulaceae Ree kasaele Bromeliaceae L Be sneLeh Comme linaceae R. Faden Pontederiaceae S.C. Barrett Pontederta-R.M. Lowden Juncaceae Juneus-F.J. Hermann Tuzula-J.C. Coffey Liliaceae Aletris-J.D. Ambrose Allium-T.D. Jacobsen, D.W. McNeal Jr. Camassia-F.W. Gould Chlorogalum-J.A. Jernstedt Dasylirton-H.S. Gentry Erythrontum-J .W. Hardin Harperocallis-JDA Hesperaloe-HSG Melanthium-N.L. Bodkin 1983 Nartheectum-J .D. Ambrose Nolina-H.S. Gentry Pleea-JDA Smtlax-G.A. Wallace Tofteldta-JDA Trillium J.D. Freeman Yueca-HSG 56 Haemodoraceae Lophtola-J.D. Ambrose 57 Amaryllidaceae Agave-H.S. Gentry Manfreda-S. Verhoek Poltanthes-HSG Zephyranthes-HSG 61 Iridaceae Alophta-P. Goldblatt Irts-J.T. & R. Kartesz Nemastylis-PG Stsyrinehiun -D.M. Henderson (W.US) R.L. Oliver (E.US) Sphenosttgma-PG Trtfureta [Herbertia per Willis (1966) ]-PG 67 Orchidaceae Cae nuer Sptranthes-C.J. Sheviak 73 Salicaceae Populus-J.E. Eckenwalder Saltx-G.R. Argus, ReaD Dorn 77 Juglandaceae D.E. Stone 78 Betulaceae Alnus-P.M. Mazzeo Betula-PMM 79 Fagaceae Quereus—-J .M. Tucker 82 Urticaceae Eedis Bassett, C.W. Crompton, D.W. Woodland Rabeler, Reorganized contributors' index 381 84 Loranthaceae Vig 1aualgie 86 Santalaceae S. Feuer Buckleya-W.N. Carvell Nestronta-WNC Pyrularia-WNC 89 Olacaceae S. Feuer Ximenta-R.A. DeFilipps 91 Aristolochiaceae H.W. Pfeifer 94 Polygonaceae Chortzanthe-J.L. Reveal Coccoloba-R.A. Howard Eritogonum-JLR Fagopyrum-R.S. Mitchell Gtlmanta-JLR Holltsterta-ILR Nemacaults-—JLR Oxytheca-JILR Polygonella-J.H. Horton Po Lygonum-RSM Pterostegta-JLR 95 Chenopodiaceae Atrtplex-H.C. Stutz, K. Thorne Chenopodium-H.D. Wilson Grayta-HCs Zuckta-HCS 97 Amaranthaceae Acanthochiton-K.R. Robertson Alternanthera-J.A. Mears Amaranthus-KRR Caraxeron [Tresine per Willis (1966) ]-JAM Celosta-KRR Dieraurus-JAM Gomphrena-JAM Gossyptanthus-JAM Gut LlLeminea-JAM Trestne-JAM Ltthopht La-JAM Pht Loxerus-JAM Tidestromita-JAM, KRR 382 PACED Ord 107 Gaye: 98 Nyctaginaceae 101 103 105 106 107 109 ait ifs: 117 123 124 R.W. Spellenberg Phytolaccaceae J.W. Nowicke Phytolaeca-J.W. Hardin Portulacaceae Claytonta-J. McNeill Lewtsta-J.E. Hohn Montta-JM Caryophyllaceae R.L. Hartman, J. McNeill Gypsophtla-R.K. Rabeler Paronychta-M.N. Chaudhri Petrorhagta-RKR Sagtna-G.E. Crow Silene-A.R. Kruckeberg Nymphaeaceae Nuphar-E.0. Beal Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllwn-R.M. Lowden Ranunculaceae C.S. Keener Clematis-W.M. Dennis J.J. Wurdack Ranuneulus-L. Benson Magnoliaceae J.W. Hardin, F.C. Meyer Magnolta-E. Murray Calycanthaceae Calyeanthus-J.W. Hardin Annonaceae Astmina-R. Kral Papaveraceae Esehscholata-C. Clark Papaver-R.W. Kiger Cruciferae RG. RoLLins Armoracta-R.L. Stuckey Cardamine-RLS Nasturttum-RLS Rortppa-RLS Thlaspt-P.K. Holmgren 126 134 136 142 144 145 147 Vol. 52, No. 6 Capparidaceae inlela WIE Crassulaceae R. Moran Sedum-R.T. Clausen, M.F. Denton Saxifragaceae Asttlbe-T.L. Mellichamp Saxtfraga-P.E. Elvander Hamamelidaceae Liqutdambar-J.W. Hardin Crossosomataceae Apacherta-C.T. Mason Jr. Rosaceae K.R. Robertson Alehemilla-J. McNeill Amelanehter-W.A. Robinson Aruncus- T.L. Mellichamp Chrysobalanus-G.T. Prance Htrtella-GTP LIicanta-GTP Petrophyton-W.J. Hess Rubus-H.A. Davis, T.E. Davis, A.M. Fuller Sptraea-WJH Leguminosae D. Isely, S.L. Welch (Utah) Aeschynomene-V.E. Rudd Astragalus-R.C. Barneby Bauhinta-R.P. Wunderlin Cassta-H.S. Irwin Crotalarta-D.R. Windler Dalbergta-VER Dalea-RCB Desmodium-D.H. Nicolson Errazurtzta-RCB Lespedeza-A.F. Clewell Luptnus-D.B. Dunn Marina-RCB Neptunta-DRW Nissolia-VER Prosopis-B. Simpson Psorothammus-RCB Sphaerophysa-RCB 1933 150 sy 154 55 1L3)// 159 160 161 165 167 i772 174 177 Rabeler, Reorganized contributors' index Trifolium-J .M. Gillett Zornita-V.E. Rudd Oxalidaceae Oxalts-M.F. Denton, A. Lourteig Linaceae C.M. Rogers Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum-T. Plowman Zygophyllaceae D.M. Porter Rutaceae B.C. Stone Burseraceae D.M. Porter Meliaceae Melta-T.D. Pennington Malpighiaceae W.R. Anderson Galphtmta-B. MacBryde Malptghia-J.L. Vivaldi Polygalaceae T. Wendt J.J. Wurdack (Caribbean) Euphorbiaceae D. Burch Chamaesyce-M.J. Huft Croton-M.C. Johnston Euphorbta-MJH Galarhoeus-MJH Manthot-D.J. Rogers Margarttarta-G.L. Webster Pedtlanthus—MJH Phyl lanthus-GLW Limnanthaceae Limnanthes-R. Ornduff Cyrillaceae J. Thomas Aquifoliaceae T.R. Dudley 181 183 184 185 189 195 UG) 7/ 198 202 206 ANAL 22 23 218 221 226 228 Staphyleaceae J.E. Eckenwalder Aceraceae Acer-E. Murray Hippocastanaceae Aesculus-J.W. Hardin, E. Murray Sapindaceae TB Groat Rhamnaceae M.C. Johnston Malvaceae ING iagyiexeilil Eremalche-S.R. Hill Malvastrum-SRH Sphaeralcea-SRH Bombacaceae A.G. Robyns Sterculiaceae Melochta-A. Goldberg Ochnaceae C. Sastre Theaceae S.A. Spongberg Tamaricaceae Tamaritx-B.R. Baum Fouquieriaceae 383 Fouquterta-J. Henrickson Cistaceae Hudsonta-L.E. Morse Violaceae Vtola-A.J. Beattie Turneraceae R. Ornduff Loasaceae H.J. Thompson Begoniaceae L.B. Smith 38h PHY T.0.L.0/67..4 230 Cactaceae L. Benson 236 Lythraceae S.A. Graham 244 Melastomataceae J.J. Wurdack Rhexta-R. Kral 245 Onagraceae P.H. Raven Calylophus-H.F. Towner Citreaea-D.E. Boufford Clarkta-H. Lewis Eptlobtum-P.C. Hoch, R.L. Stuckey Gayophytum-H. Lewis Oenothera-G.B. Straley, H.F. Towner 251 Umbelliferae L. Constance 252 Cornaceae Cornus-R.H. Eyde Garrya-RHE Nyssa-RHE 256 Ericaceae P.F. Stevens Agartsta-W.S. Judd Gay Lussacta-WSJ Kalmta-J.W. Hardin Leucothoe-WSJ Lyonta-WsJ Pterts-WsSJ Rhododendron-H.T. Skinner Vaeetntum -S.P. Vander Kloet 261 Primulaceae Lysimachta -T.S. Cooperrider 263 Sapotaceae H.A. Rodriguez— Carrasquero 266 Symplocaceae Symplocos-J.W. Hardin 267 269 270 Zar: 273 274 Dies PTT 278 Vol. 52, No. 6 Oleaceae Foresttera-C.J. Brooks Loganiaceae Buddleja-E.M. Norman Gelsemtum-J.W. Hardin Gentianaceae Bartonta-J .M. Gillett Eustoma-J.S. Pringle Faurta-IMG Genttana-JSP Genttanella-JMG Genttanopsts—JMG Halenta-JSP Lomatogontum-JSP Menyanthes-JMG Nymphoides-JMG, R.L. Stuckey Obolarta-JIMG Sabatta-JSP Swertta-JSP Apocynaceae P. Boiteau(Caribbean) , J.W. Nowicke Vallesta-E.M. Norman Convolvulaceae D.A. Powell Calystegta-R.K. Brummitt Convolvulus-D.F. Austin Polemoniaceae A. Day Hydrophyllaceae L. Constance Verbenaceae Verbena (Caribbean) -H.N. Moldenke Labiatae J.T. & R. Kartesz, H. Lewis Agastache-R.W. Saunders Hedeoma-R.S. Irving Hyptts-R.H. Harley Lycopus-R.L. Stuckey Phlomis-R.A. DeFilipps Physostegia-P. Cantino, W.F. Mahler 1983 Poltomintha-R.S. Irving Rhododon-RSI Stachydeoma-RSI Stachys-J.E. Fairley, J.B. Nelson 280 Solanaceae Brunfelsta-T. Plowman Capstcum-W.H. Eshbaugh Chamaesaracha-J.E. Averett Leucophysalis-JEA Margaranthus-JEA Quineula-JEA Solanum-K.E. Roe, ols Seluulililsiays wien 281 Scrophulariaceae Jee we Kartesz Agalinis-L.J. Musselman Aureolaria-LJM Casttlleja-N.H. Holmgren Cheltone-T.S. Cooperrider Chtonophila-K. Lodewick, R. Lodewick, R.M. Straw Cordy Lanthus -L.R. Heckard Daststoma-LJM Grattola-TSC Keektella-RMS Maecranthera-LJM Mimulus-R. Bacigalupi, LRH, R.K. Vickery Nothoehelone-RMS Orthocarpus-LRH Paulownta-A.H. Gentry Pedteularts-W.J. Hess Penstemon-NHH, KL, RL, RMS Tomanthera-LJM 282 Bignoniaceae A.H. Gentry 285 Orobanchaceae L.R. Heckard 286 Gesneriaceae L.E. Skog Rabeler, Reorganized contributors' index 385 288 Lentibulariaceae P. Taylor 290 Acanthaceae D.C. Wasshausen 294 Rubiaceae Valls Mei doreatcla dre, Galium-L.T. Dempster(W.US), C.A. Lawson(E.US), Crabuitats Hedyotis-E.E. Terrell Houstonta-EET Kelloggta-LTD Neolaugeria-D.H. Nicolson Oldenlandta-EET Pentodon-EET Riechardta-W.H. Lewis, Rel. Oliver 295 Caprifoliaceae Diervilla-J.W. Hardin Viburnum-T .R. Dudley 297 Valerianaceae Centranthus-F.G. Meyer Valertana-FGM Valertanella-D.M.E. Ware 300 Campanulaceae S.G. Shetler Githopsts-J.E. Hohn 303 Calyceraceae Actearpha-H.E. Robinson 304 Compositae H.E. Robinson Achtllea-R.J. Tyrl Amphtachyrts-M.A. Lane Arntca-T .M. Barkley Baccharts-W.F. Mahler Bartlettta-J.L. Strother Cacaltopsts-JLSs Carduus-R.L. Stuckey Chaptalta-B. Simpson Chrysactinta-JLs Chrysothamus-L.C. Anderson Cirstum-T.C. Fuller(Calif.) 386 Po Hee 120 PL OrGrrA Coreopsis-E.B. Smith Crepts-R.A. DeFilipps Dyssodta-J.L. Strother Elephantopus-S.B. Jones Enilta-T.M. Barkley Erechtites-TMB Ertgeron-G.L. Nesom Flaverita-A.M. Powell Galinsoga-J .M. Canne Gochnatta-B. Simpson Greenella-M.A. Lane Gutterrezta—MAL Gynura-JLS Haploesthes-JILs Hecastoelets-BS Helentum-M.W. Bierner Heltanthus-C.B. Heiser Jr. Heterotheca-V.L. Harms Hypochaerts-RAD Jamestanthus-W.M. Dennis Leptdospartum-JLS Lutna-JILs Nicolletta-JILs Parthentum-J.A. Mears Perttyle-AMP Petasites-VLH Peucephyllum-JLS Porophyllum-JLS Psathyrotes-JLS Senecto-TMB Stlphtum-T.R. Fisher Sptlanthes-R.K. Jansen Stokesta-SBJ Tagetes-JLS Tetradymta-JLS Thurovta-M.A. Lane Trtxts-S.B. Jones Vernonta-SBJ Vigutera-C.B. Heiser Jr. Xanthocephalum-MAL Trees BL Rtepler das. Wetlands flora P. Reed Colorado W.A. Weber Florida taxa D.B. Ward Hawaiian flora F.R. Fosberg H. St. John New Mexico flora Bot) lsades Texas flora M.C. Johnston Wyoming-Montana distributions R.D. Dorn Vol. 52, No. 6 DOCE ( 12 ) HELICONIAS NUEVAS DEL ECUADOR José E. Abalo, Apartado 266, Maracay 2101, Venezuela & Gustavo Morales L., Apartado Aéreo 1283, Popayan, Colombia El presente trabajo esta basado en observaciones y material co- lectado en dos recorridos efec- tuados en la Reptblica del Ecua dor. El primer recorrido com- prendi6 parte de los meses de Diciembre de 1979 y Enero de 1980; el segundo recorrido se efectu6 en los meses de Junio y Julio de 1982, cubriéndose la misma area que en el primero, excepto por algunas zonas inac- cesibles debido a derrumbes y/o trabajos de construcci6én de ca- rreteras. Estas Gltimas zonas quedan pendientes para un estu- dio posterior. Al igual que en nuestra publi- caci6én anterior ( Abalo & Mora- les, 1982 ) todas las medidas e ilustraciones estan basadas en material vivo. El mismo siste- ma de medidas basado en la altu ra del pseudotallo, largo del peciolo y largo de la lamina se Mantiene. Igualmente el siste- ma de descripcién de habitos se Mantiene ( Zingiberoide, Cannoi de y Musoide ); ahora bien, las especies descritas en el presen te trabajo caen todas dentro del habito Musoide. Tambien en esta publicaci6én he- mos mantenido el mismo patrén en las ilustraciones de las es- pecies, a saber: 387 This study is based on observa- tions and live specimens collec ted during two field trips in the Republic of Ecuador. The first trip took place during December 1979 and January 1980; the second trip took place dur- ing June and July 1982. The same areas were covered on both trips except for some locations that could not be reached due to landslides and/or road cons truction works. The specimens from these locations will be covered in a future publication. As in our previous work ( Abalo & Morales, 1982 ) all illustra- tions in this study are taken from live specimens. In addi- tion all measurements, colors and shapes also are taken from live specimens. We are maintain ing our system of measuring the pseudostem, petiole and blade and likewise are maintaining the same clasification for the ha- bits ( Zingiberoid, Cannoid and Musoid ). However, in this stu- dy all the species fall under the Musoid habit. In the illustrations we are also following the same pattern as in our previous work, i1.e.: A ) Inflorescence B ) Spathe cut open 388 Pon YS PO) OhG ei Vol. 52, No. 6 A ) Inflorescencia G ) Bract B ) Espata abierta D ) Flower C ) Bractea E ) Staminode Dp) )) Blor F ) Aristiform rudiment E ) Estaminodio We believe that holotypes F ) Rudimento aristiforme Siguiendo nuestro criterio de que los holotipos permanezcan en su pais de origen, hemos escogido el Herbario de la Uni- versidad Catdlica en Quito, Ecuador para depositarlos. En caso de haber isotipos los he- mos asignado al Herbario de la Facultad de Agronomia de la Uni versidad Central de Venezuela en Maracay, Venezuela y al Smithsonian Institution, Washing tone DemCe UL, (Sit Deseamos dejar constancia de la ayuda sin par prestada por el Dr. Gilbert Daniels a quien estamos profundamente agradeci- dos por habernos facilitado en préstamo todo el material por 61 compilado en lo que al géne- ro Heliconta se refiere. Gracias al gran namero de fotografias de tipos tomadas por é1 durante sus visitas a herbarios de Euro- pa, Norte y Sur América en momentos en que dichos tipos se encontraban alli depositados y no en préstamos eternos, nues- tra labor se ha facilitado enor- memente Asimismo deseamos expresar nues-— tro agradecimiento al Dr. Victor Badillo de la Universidad Cen- tral de Venezuela por sus opor- tunas sugerencias en nuestros primeros pasos, a la Sra. Mary should remain in their country of origin. For this study we have chosen the Herbarium of the Universidad Catélica in Quito ( QCA ) to deposit them. Any isotypes will be deposited in the Herbarium of the Facul- tad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela ( MY ) and the Smith- sonian Institution, Washington Dalers (© Uf 7) - We want to take this opportun- ity to thank Dr. Gilbert Daniels who allowed us the use of all his materials on Heltcontia. The large number of photographs of types taken by him during his trips to Herbaria of Europe, North and South America at a time when the types were kept by the Herbaria and not on eternal loans has been of invaluable help and has facilitated our work enormously. We also wish to express our grat itude to Dr. Victor Badillo, Uni versidad Central de Venezuela for his valuable suggestions at the project's inception; Mrs. Mary Lou Artime, Miami, Florida for her help in our moment of desperation, and Mr. Joe Brenner, Quito, Ecuador for letting us use his nursery in Puyo, Ecuador to plant and reproduce the specimens collected by us. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador Lou Artime de Miami, Florida por su gran ayuda en momen- tos de apuro y enfermedad y a nuestro amigo Joe Brenner de Quito, Ecuador por habernos permitido usar su vivero en el Oriente ecuatoriano para deposi tar material vivo y reprodu- eatigll(oy LITERATURA CITADA ABALO, J. E. & MORALES Tia 5 Gr 1982. Veinticinco ( 25 ) Nuevas Heltcontas de Colombia. Phytolo- emey SIL GD) il Gil BARREIROS, H. S. 1979. Arquite- tura de Heltconta L. Neotenia ( Heliconiaceae ). Arquivos do Jardim Botanico XXIII 97 - 104 389 390 PROG 2 OL O7Gr 7A Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia angelica Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musotdes. Pseudocaults vtridts, 2.6 - 4.0 m altus. Pettolus 50 - 150 em longus, glaber. Lamina 120 - 250 cm longa, 32 - 50 cm lata. Inflorescentia pendula. Spathae luteae. Pertanthium luteun. Pedtcellus luteus. Fructus tmmaturus luteus. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo verde, 2.5 - 4.0 m. Hojas con peciolo verde, glabro, 50 - 150 cm de largo; lamina 120 - 250 cm de largo por 32 - 50 cm de ancho, base cor- dada y Apice obtuso mucronado. Inflorescencia péndula 70 - 124 cm de largo; ped@nculo amarillo, pubescente, 30 - 46 cm de largo; raquis amarillo, muy pubescente, semiflexuoso. 40 - 78 cm de largo; distancia entre las esnatas basales 7.0 - 4.5 cm, medias 3.0 - 2.5 cm y termi- nales 2.0 - 1.5 cm. Espatas amarillas, 18 - 22 por inflo- rescencia; primera espata generalmente no reflexa y esté- ril, 25 — 21 cm de llargo por 3.5 —.3.0\ cm de anechos tas demas espatas disticas, reflexas, pubescentes, base auri- culada, borde recto y apice agudo; espatas basales 19 - 14 em de largo por 5 - 4 cm de ancho en el tercio inferior, medias 14 - 11 cm de largo por 4.5 - 4.0 cm de ancho y ter- minales 10 - 8 cm de largo por 3.0 cm de ancho. Bracteas crema, coriaceas, carinadas, muy pubescentes externamente, 6.5 cm de largo por 3.0 cm de ancho. Flores 20 - 12 por espata, suavemente curvadas; perianto amarillo, 5.0 cm de largo, sépalos pubescentes en los bordes, pétalos glabros; estaminodio crema, subulado, 1.2 cm de largo por 0.2 cm de ancho; ovario crema glabro, 1.0 cm de largo; pedicelo ama- rillo, pubescente, 2.5 cm de largo. Frutos amarillos, 1.5 em de largo, azules al madurar; pedicelos de los frutos 4.5 cm de largo. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 304, 4 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, Santo Domingo de los Colorados 57 Km via Aloag ( Tandapi ) 1600 msm ( QCA, holo- tipo; MY, US, isotipos ) El nombre de esta especie ha sido inspirado por la forma de sus espatas, que recuerda las alas de los Angeles. Habitat: Zonas de precipitaci6n media. Suelos himico - arenosos. Sitios semi - abiertos o protegidos. Laderas. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 391 Heliconia angelica 392 PRS TO rh OrG 7 eA Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia brenneri Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musoides. Pseudocaulis rubellus, pubescens superne, 1.0 - 1.5 m altus. Pettolus viridts, 44 - 92 em longus. Lamina 62 - 120 am longa, 25 - 34 em lata, eosta subtus rubra. Inflorescentia erecta. Rachis rubra, valde pubescens. Spathae rubrae, distichae. Pertanthtum viridtflavum, pubescens. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo rojizo, pubescente en la parte superior, 1.0 - 1.5 m. Hojas con peciolo verde, glabro, 44 - 92 cm de largo; lamina ovada - angosta, algu- nas veces cerosa por el envés, 62 - 120 cm de largo por 25 - 34 cm de ancho, base cordada, apice obtuso con acumen; nervadura central roja por el envés. Inflorescencia erecta, 34 - 45 cm de largo; pedinculo ausente o hasta 8 cm de largo, rojo, pubescente; raquis rojo, 31 - 43 cm de largo, muy pubescente; distancia entre las espatas basales 4.0 - 2.5 cm, en las demas 2.5 cm. Espatas rojo - escarlata, 9 - 13 por inflorescencia, disticas, atenuado - cimbiformes con el apice largamente acuminado, base auriculada, borde involu- to en la base y recto hacia el apice, muy pubescentes; pri- mera espata basal verde con la base roja, hasta 33 cm de largo y 3.5 cm de ancho cerca a la base; espatas basales 20 - 15 cm de largo por 3.5 cm de ancho cerca a la base, medias 15 - 11 cm de largo por 3.0 - 2.7 cm de ancho y terminales 11 - 7 cm de largo por 2.2 - 1.8 cm de ancho. Bracteas crema con la base rosada, 7.0 cm de largo por 2.0 cm de ancho cerca a la base, carinadas, membranaceas, pubescentes externamente. Flores 20 - 12 por espata; perianto amarillo - verdoso, 5.5 cm de largo, curvado, sépalos pubescentes, el dorsal circinado, los otros dos con el apice curvado hacia atras, pétalos glabros; estami- nodio blanco, ensiforme, 1.7 cm de largo por 0.2 cm de an- cho en la base; ovario amarillo claro, glabro, 1.0 cm de largo por 0.7 cm de lado; pedicelo crema, pubescente, 2.5 - 2.0 cm de largo. Frutos amarillo - verdosos, azules al madurar, 2.0 cm de largo por 1.5 cm de lado. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 308, 6 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Morona - Santiago, General Plaza Gutierrez ( El Limén ), 15 Km via Gualaceo, 1930 msm ( QCA, holotipo; MY, US, isotipos ) Dedicamos esta especie a nuestro amigo Joseph Brenner. Habitat: Zonas de alta precipitaci6én. Suelos himico - arcillosos muy himedos. Sitios semi - abiertos o protegidos. Laderas. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 393 Heliconia brenneri 394, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia burleana Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musoides. Pseudocaqulis 1.0 - 1.7 m altus. Pettolus ruber, glaber, 63 - 70 cm longus. Lamina 80 - 110 em longa, 23 - 28 em lata, costa subtus rubra, tonentulosa. Inflorescentia erecta. Rachis rubra, glabra. Spathae rubrae, distichae. Flores exsertt. Pertanthium curvatum, virtde, basts et apex albus. Pedicellus virtdis, glaber. Ovartum luteun. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo 1.0 - 1.7 m. Hojas 5 - 6, peciolo rojo - vino tinto, glabro, 63 - 70 cm de largo. Lamina 80 - 110 cm de largo por 23 - 28 cm de ancho, base semicordada, Aapice obtuso con acumen, borde rojo, nerva- dura central roja recubierta con un tomento aracnoide por el envés. Inflorescencia erecta, 40 - 53 cm de largo; pedinculo rojo, glabro, 4 - 5 cm de largo; raquis rojo, glabro, 35 - 48 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 3.5 - 2.5 cm, medias 2 cm y terminales 1.5 cm. Espatas rojas, disticas, lanceolado-conduplicadas, borde revoluto, apice agudo, 10 - 14 por inflorescencia; la primera espata basal fértil, verdosa con el borde rojo, foliolada o n6, 32 - 38 cm de largo por 3.0 cm de ancho; espatas basales 24 - 16 cm de largo por 2.5 cm de ancho en la base, medias 16 - 12 cm de largo por 2.5 - 2.0 cm de ancho y terminales 8.0 - 5.5 cm de largo por 2.0 - 1.0 em de ancho. Bracteas blancas membrandceas, glabras, 7.0 cm de largo por 2.0 cm de ancho en la parte media. Flores 12 - 8 por espata, exsertas, curvadas; perianto verde con la base y el apice blancos, 4.3 cm de largo, glabro; esta minodio blanco, Janceolado 1.7 cm de largo por 0.6 cm de ancho cerca al apice; ovario amarillo, triangular, 1.0 cm de largo por 0.6 de lado, glabro; pedicelo verde, glabro, 2.5 - 2.0 cm de largo. Frutos amarillos, azules al madu- rar, 2.0 cm de largo por 1.5 cm de lado; pedicelos de los frutos verdes, 4.0 - 3.5 cm de largo. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 294, 2 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, Tandayapa, 39 Km Quito via San Miguel de los Bancos, 2050 msm ( QCA, holotipo ) > Esta especie esta dedicada al Dr. Roberto Burle Marx, gran heliconidfilo, descubridor de nuevas especies y promotor de su cultivo, como muestra de carino y amistad. Habitat: Zonas de precipitaci6n media. Suelos arcillo - arenosos. Sitios abiertos. Laderas. 1983 Fa ZA + \ \ ANI 4) lem Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador Heliconia burleana 395 396 PH Yor Oat (ORG aA Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia consueloi Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musotdes. Psudocaqulis 1.5 - 2.5m atltus. Pettolus 50 - 90 em longus. Lamina 70 - 130 em longa, 22 - 33 em lata. Inflorescentia erecta. Spathae virtdiflavae, basts aurantiaca - rosea. Flores exserti. Pertanthtum aureumn. Ovariun cttrinun. : Planta musoide. Pseudotallo verde con manchas negras, 1.5 - 2.5m. Hojas 4 - 6, pectolos verdes, algunos con manchas negras, glabros, 50 - 90 cm de largo; lamina 70 - 130 cm de largo por 22 - 33 cm de ancho, base breve atenuada, 4pice obtuso con acumen; nervadura central rosada por el envés. Inflorescencia erecta, 30 - 54 cm de largo; pedtnculo verde claro finamente punteado de verde oscuro, glabro, 29 - 12 cm de largo; raquis amarillo - naranja, glabro, 26 - 16 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 4 - 3 cm, medias 2.5 - 2.2 cm y terminales 2.0 - 1.5 cm. Espatas externamente amarillo - verdoso con la base rojo - naranja, glabras, internamente amarillo claro, glabras, 6 - 10 por inflorescencia, disticas, lanceolado - condu- plicadas, largamente acuminadas, borde recto; primera espata foliolada o no, fértil, 30 - 22 cm de largo por 2.0 cm de ancho, espatas basales 26 - 14 cm de largo por 2.0 - 1.5 em de ancho, medias 16 - 10 cm de largo por 2.0 - 1.5 cm de ancho y terminales 9 - 3.5 cm de largo por 1.5 - 0.5 cm de ancho. Bracteas amarillo claro, mem- branaceas, 4.0 - 3.5 cm de largo por 1.7 - 1.5 cm en la base, glabras. Flores exsertas, 14 - 10 por espata, pi- ramidal curvadas; perianto amarillo oro, 3.0 cm de largo, s€palos glabros, pétalos glabros, crasos, con el borde rojo en antesis; estaminodio amarillo claro, obovado - angosto de Aapice truncado y con acumen, 0.6 cm de largo por 0.2 cm de ancho; ovario verde amarillento, glabro, triangular, 1.0 cm de largo por 0.8 cm de lado; pedicelo verde amarillento, 2.5 - 1.5 cm de largo, glabro. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 300, 2 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, San Miguel de los Bancos, 15 Km via Tandayapa - Quito, 1620 msm ( QCA, holotipo; MY, isotipo ) Esta especie esta dedicada a Consuelo F. de Abalo, esposa de uno de los autores. Habitat: Zonas de alta precipitacién. Bosque secundario con suelos haimicos. Sitios protegidos. Terre- nos planos o de pendiente suave. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador Heliconia consueloi 397 398 BP Hey DeOrisOIGet A Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia flabellata Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musotdes. Pseudocaulis 1.3 - 2.5 m altus. Petiolus viridis, 33 - 87 cm longus. Lamina 86 - 158 em longa, 26 - 29 cm lata. Inflorescentta erecta. Rachts rubra, pubescens. Spathae disttchae, caducae, rubrae, apices et margines qurt. Pertanthtum album, apex viridulus. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo 1.3 - 2.5m. Hojas con peciolo verde, 33 - 87 cm de largo, glabro. Lamina 86 - 158 cm de largo por 26 - 29 cm de ancho, base semitruncada, Aapice apiculado. Inflorescencia erecta, 60 - 80 cm de largo; pedinculo verde, glabro, 21 - 40 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 1 - 2 cm. Espatas externamente rojas con el apice y borde amarillo - verdoso, pubescentes; internamente crema, glabras; 27 - 40 por inflorescencia, cimbiformes, disti- cas, caducas, borde involuto, 7.5 — 7.0 cm de largo por 2.5 cm de ancho cerca a la base. Bracteas exteriores con la base rosada y el apice crema, las demas blancas, 5.0 - 5.5 cm de largo por 1.3 - 1.5 cm de ancho en la ba- se y extendida, pubescentes exteriormente. Flores 7 - 9 por espata; perianto blanco en la base y verde claro hacia el Aapice, 5.0 cm de largo, suavemente curvado, glabro; estaminodio blanco, linear con el apice acumina- do, 1.3 cm de largo por 0.2 cm de ancho; ovario blanco, glabro, 1.0 cm de largo; pedicelo blanco, pubescente, 1.0 cm de largo. Frutos azules al madurar. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 313, 9 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Napo, Lago Agrio, 20 Km via Baeza, 360 msm ( QCA, holotipo; MY, isotipo ) El nombre de esta especie hace referencia a su aspecto de abanico de palma tejida. Habitat: Zonas de alta precipitacién. Suelos muy arci- llosos. Sitios semiabiertos. Terrenos planos. Observaciones: Se diferencia de H. eptscopalis por te- ner menor nimero de espatas por inflores- cencia; en la antesis las espatas se se- paran unas de otras y aunque son caducas demoran mas tiempo unidas a la inflores- cencia y posee mayor nimero de flores por espata (7-9 ) 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 399 5 cm Heliconia’ flabellata 4,00 PpHe a TeOmOnGost JA Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia impudica Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musoitdes. Pseudocaulis pubescens superne, 1.0 - 1.6m altus. Pettolus rubellus, glaber, 53 - 80 am longus. Lamina 45 - 87 am longa, 27 - 30 em lata. Inflo- rescentta erecta. Rachts rubra, glabra. Spathae rubrae. Flores exserti. Pertanthium luteun Fructus tnmaturus luteus. Fructus maturus atroviolaceus. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo 1.0 - 1.6m, pubescente en la parte superior. Hojas 5 - 6, peciolo rojizo, glabro, 53 - 80 cm de largo; lamina con el haz verde oscuro y el envés verde o rojizo, 45 - 87 cm de largo por 27 - 30 cm de ancho, base semicordada o truncada, Apice obtuso con acumen; nervadura central roja por el envés. Inflores- cencia erecta, 25 - 30 cm de largo; pediinculo rojo, gla- bro, 3 —- 5 cm de largo; raquis rojo, glabro, 22 - 25 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 4.0 cm, medias 2.5 cm y terminales 2.0 cm. Espatas 7 - 9 por inflores- cencia, espiraladas, reflexas, lanceolado - conduplicadas con apice agudo, borde recto; la primera espata foliolada o nd, verde con el borde rojo, 22 - 28 cm de largo por 2.5 em de ancho, el resto rojas; espatas basales 15 - 12 cm de largo por 2.2 cm de ancho, medias 12 - 10 cm de largo por 2.0 cm de ancho y terminales 8 - 6 cm de largo por 1.5 cm de ancho. Bracteas blancas, membranaceas, glabras, 3.5 cm de largo por 1.5 cm de ancho en la base. Flores 11 - 8 por espata, cOnicas, curvadas en la parte superior, exser- tas; perianto amarillo, 2.5 cm de largo, sépalos glabros, pétalos con el borde rojizo, glabros; estaminodio blanco, linear de Apice mucronado, 0.5 cm de largo por 0.2 cm de ancho; ovario amarillo, 1.0 cm de largo, glabro; pedicelo amarillo claro, 1.5 cm de largo, glabro. Frutos amarillos 1.8 cm de largo por 1.5 cm de lado, violeta oscuro al madu rar; pedicelo de los frutos amarillo - verdoso, 2.5 cm de largo. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 295, 2 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, Tandayapa, 42 Km Quito via San Miguel de los Bancos, 1920 msm ( QCA, holotipo; MY, isotipo ) El nombre de esta especie hace referencia a la posici6n obvia de las partes: en la inflorescencia. Habitat: Zonas de precipitacidn media. Suelos arcillo - arenosos. Sitios semi - abiertos. Laderas. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 401 Heliconia impudica 02 Pn 2 Po Ores: 2 Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia paludigena Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musoides. Pseudocaulis 2 - 4m altus. Pettolus 70 - 165 em longus, glaber. Lamina 120 - 310 em longa, 37 - 47 am lata. Inflorescentta pendula. Rachts rubra, pubescens. Spathae citnnabartnae, margo luteus. Pert- anthitum Lluteun. Rudimentum aristotdes adest. Ovarium luteum. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo 2 - 4 m. Hojas con peciolo verde, glabro, 70 - 165 cm de largo; lamina 120 - 310 cm de largo por 37 - 47 cm de ancho, base cordada, Aapice obtuso mucronado. Inflorescencia péndula, 70 - 115 cm de largo; pedGnculo rojo - marrén, pubescente, 33 - 55 cm de largo; raquis rojo marrén, semiflexuoso, muy pubes-— cente, 44 - 60 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 6.5 - 3.5 cm, medias y terminales 2.5 - 2.0 cm. Espatas rojo —- naranja con el borde amarillo, reflexas disticas, pubescentes, auriculadas, borde involuto en la parte media y ondulado hacia el Aapice, 18 - 22 por inflo- rescencia; primera espata estéril, no reflexa, 19 - 21 cm de largo por 3.0 cm de ancho; espatas basales 18 - 12 cm de largo por 3.5 cm de ancho, medias 11 - 9 cm de largo por 3.0 cm de ancho y terminales 8 - 6 cm de largo por 3.0 cm de ancho. Bracteas crema, coriaceas, carinadas, muy pubes-— centes exteriormente, 5.5 cm de largo por 2.8 - 2.3 cm de ancho en la base. Rudimento aristiforme amarillo claro, pubescente, unos 6.5 cm de largo. Flores 14 - 18 por espa- ta; perianto amarillo, 5.0 cm de largo, sépalos pubescen- tes en los bordes, pétalos glabros; estaminodio crema, 1.0 em de largo por 0.15 cm de ancho en la parte media, larga- mente lanceolado; ovario amarillo claro, 0.8 cm de largo, glabro; pedicelo amarillo, 2.8 - 2.3 cm de largo, muy pu- bescente. Frutos amarillos, 1.2 cm de largo, azules al madurar; pedicelos de los frutos 4.0 - 3.5 cm de largo. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 306, 4 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, M. Cornejo Astorga ( Tandapi ), 4 Km via Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 1300 msm ( QCA, holotipo; MY, isotipo ) El nombre hace referencia al sitio pantanoso donde crecia el ejemplar encontrado por nosotros. Habitat: Zonas de precipitacién media. Suelos areno- arcillosos. Sitios semi-abiertos a abiertos. Terrenos planos, inundados o de pendiente suave. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 03 Heliconia paludigena LO Pry fOr 0 G fe Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia plagiotropa Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musotdes. Pseudocaults brunneus aliquantulun ceraceus, 1.0 - 2.3 m altus. Rhizoma cylindricum, elon- gatum. Folta erecta. Pettolus viridis, 33 - 95 cm longus. Lamtna 82 - 120 em longa, 17 - 22 cm lata. Inflorescentia erecta. Rachts rubra, pubescens. Spathae rubrae, puberulae. Pertanthium luteum. Ovartum luteo- viride. Fructus tmmaturus luteus. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo 1.0 - 2.3 m, marr6én, ligera- mente ceroso. Rizomas cilindricos, largos, plagidtropos. Hojas erectas, peciolo verde, 33 - 95 cm de largo, glabro; lamina 82 - 120 cm de largo por 17 - 22 cm de ancho, lan- ceolada. Inflorescencia erecta, 50 - 75 cm de largo; pedinculo verde, finamente punteado de verde oscuro, 28 - 43 cm de largo; raquis rojo, pubescente, 20 - 32 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas 2.5 - 2.0 cm. Espatas externamente rojas, finamente pubescentes, cuando jd6venes con una auricula basal amarilla, internamente rojo - naran ja y glabras; unas 12 espatas por inflorescencia, atenua- do - cimbiforme, borde revoluto y Aapice agudo, espiraladas; espatas basales 21 - 14 cm de largo por 3.0 - 2.5 cm de an cho, medias 12 - 10 cm de largo por 2.5 cm de ancho. Bracteas amarillo claro, membranaceas, suave - carinadas, glabras, 4.5 cm de largo por 2.5 cm de ancho en la base. Flores unas 14 por espata; perianto amarillo con el borde de los sépalos verde, glabro, 4.5 cm de largo, recto con un abultamiento en el tercio inferior; estaminodio ama- rillo claro, cuando extendido obovado de apice truncado y mucronado, 0.6 cm de largo por 0.4 cm de ancho en la parte superior; ovario amarillo - verdoso, glabro, 1.0 cm de largo; pedicelo amarillo - limén, glabro, 1.0 cm de largo. Frutos amarillos, azules al madurar. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 311, 7 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Los Rios, Quevedo, 14 Km via Velasco Iba- rra ( El Empalme ) 140 msm ( QCA holotipo; MY, US, isotipos ) El nombre de esta especie hace referencia a su habito de crecimiento en sentido horizontal mostrado por los rizomas siguiendo la clasificaci6n en este aspecto de H.S. Barrei- rose ( 1979 ). Habitat: Zonas de precipitacién media. Suelos arcillosos. Sitios abiertos. Terrenos planos, inundados parte del ano. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 05 Heliconia Plagiotropa 06 Pebey ey LiOM LE sOsGe lk Vol. 52, Heliconia sclerotricha Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musoides. Pseudocaulis lentiginosus, 1.0 -1.5m altus. Pettolus 0 - 62 cm longus. Lamina 110 - 160 am longa, 18 - 22 em lata, costa subtus rubra. Inflores- ecentta pendula. Spathae rubrae , pubescentes. Peri- anthiun luteum. Rudimentum artstotdes adest. Ovarium album, pubescens. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo lentiginoso, 1.0 - 1.5m. Hojas 4 - 6, sésiles o con peciolos hasta 62 cm de largo, verdes con manchas marrén, glabros; lamina claviforme, 110 - 160 cm de largo por 18 - 22 cm de ancho; nervadura central marrén o rosada por el envés. Inflorescencia péndula, 60 - 75 cm de largo; pedtinculo rojo, glabro o ligeramente pubescente, 26 - 35 cm de largo; raquis rojo, flexuoso, ligeramente pubescente, 30 - 42 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 10 - 3 cm, medias 2.5 - 1.5 cm y apicales 1.0 cm. Espatas 12 - 18 por inflorescencia; primera espata roja en la base y verde con manchas marron desde la parte media hasta el 4pice, 40 - 33 cm de largo por 3.0 - 2.5 cm de ancho; las demas espatas rojas, reflexas de borde rosado y apice agudo, con pelos duros dispuestos en la parte media y bordes, disticas aunque al llegar a la madurez forman una suave helicoide; espatas basales 28 - 12 cm de largo por 3.5 - 3.0 cm de ancho, medias 12 - 8 cm de largo por 3 cm de ancho y terminales 6 - 5 cm de largo por 2.5 cm de ancho. Bracteas crema, carinadas, pubescentes externamente, 4.5 em de largo por 1.8 cm de ancho. Rudimento aristiforme crema, pubescente 4.0 - 5.5 cm de largo. Flores 12 - 18 por espata; perianto amarillo, 4.5 cm de largo, sépalos pubérulos, pétalos glabros; estaminodio blanco, ensiforme, 1.5 cm de largo por 0.3 cm de ancho en la base; ovario blanco, pubescente, 0.6 cm de largo; pedicelo blanco, pubescente, 1.5 cm de largo. Frutos blancos, 1.3 cm de largo, azules al madurar. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 298, 2 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, San Miguel de los Bancos, 15 Km via Tandayapa - Quito, 1620 msm ( QCA, holotipo ) El nombre de esta especie hace referencia a la dureza de los pelos presentes en sus espatas. Habitat: Zonas de alta precipitaci6n. Bosque secundario con suelos hamicos. Sitios protegidos. Terre- nos planos o de pendiente suave. No. 6 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 07 Ze leg Oo Lz Se Bee RDS eer WHO bf wr iy . st 1 aS Se VS) — 4 SO Jb RS, 4 i G4 Ji £ uel! “6 \ LZ <7 Tish Ex iS = J \\ WZ By | (i E a J | (1. Heliconia sclerotricha 08 P py? 10.4, s0.G) FA Vol. 52, Heliconia tandayapensis Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musotdes. Pseudocaults ceraceus, 4 - 5m altus. Pettolus 20 - 90 cm longus, glaber. Lamina 85 - 170 em longa, 34 - 46 am lata, subtus ceracea, costa subtus rubra. Inflorescentia pendula. Spathae atrococctineae, glabrae, ceraceae. Pertanthium luteum. Ovarium eburneun. Fructus maturus violaceus. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo 4 - 5m, ceroso. Hojas 5 - 6, peciolo verde con manchas rojas, 20 - 90 cm de largo, glabro; lamina 85 - 170 cm de largo por 34 - 46 cm de ancho, base cordada, apice obtuso, cerosa por el envés; nervadura central roja por el envés. Inflorescencia péndula, 110 - 135 cm de largo; pedinculo marrén, glabro, 23 - 35 cm de largo; raquis rojo, ligeramente pubescente, 82 - 100 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 4.5 - 3.5 cm, medias y apicales 2.5 cm. Espatas externa- mente rojo oscuras con el borde rojo claro, glabras, ce- rosas; internamente rojo claro, aterciopeladas; borde revoluto, apice agudo, 19 - 28 por inflorescencia, espi- raladas; espata basal esteril, no reflexa, 30 - 48 cm de largo por 3.5 cm de ancho en la base; espatas basales 29 - 15 cm de largo por 4.0 - 4.5 cm de ancho, medias 14 - 12 cm de largo por 4 cm de ancho y terminales 12 - 10 cm de largo por 4 cm de ancho. Bracteas crema, pubescentes exteriormente y principalmente sobre la carina, 7 - 8 cm de largo por 2.5 - 3.5 cm de ancho en la parte media. Flores 14 - 10 por espata; perianto amarillo, 5.6 cm de largo, sépalos muy pubescentes, pétalos glabros; estami- nodio blanco, linear, apice acuminado, 1.0 cm de largo por 0.15 cm de ancho; ovario crema, triangular, 1.5 cm de largo por 0.7 cm de lado, pubescente en los vértices; pedicelo amarillo, pubescente, 1.5 - 2.5 cm de largo. Frutos crema, 2.5 cm de largo por 1.5 cm de lado, morados al madurar. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 296, 2 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, Tandayapa, 45 Km Quito via San Miguel de los Bancos, 1800 msm ( QCA, holo- tipo; MY isotipo ) El nombre de esta especie hace referencia a la localidad de su tipo. Habitat: Zonas de precipitacidn media. Suelos areno - arcillosos con capa de humus. Sitios semi - abiertos. Laderas. No. 6 198 3 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 09 Wi ¢ y} | lem q | Heliconia tandayapensis 410 Paley, 2 Onmiie ORG ian: Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia virginaliS Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musoides. Pseudocaulis pubescens, 1.5 - 2.8 m altus. Pettolus tomentulosus, 60 - 116 em longus. Lamina 115 - 135 em longa, 32 - 40 cm lata. Inflorescentia erecta. Rachis rubra, pubescens. Spathae rubrae, pubes- ecentes. Flores exsertti. Pertanthium album, apex subviri- dis. Petalia alba, glabra, margines roset. Ovartum sub- viride. Fructus tmmaturus-eburneus. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo pubescente, 1.5 - 2.8 m. Hojas con peciolo verde, recubierto de un reticulo arac- noide, 60 - 116 cm de largo; lamina 115 - 135 cm de largo por 32 — 40 cm de ancho, base semicordada y apice obtuso con acumen. Inflorescencia erecta, 30 - 55 cm de largo; pedinculo verde y glabro en la base, rojo y pubescente hacia las espatas; raquis rojo con pubescencia negra, 16 - 23 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 3.0 cm, medias 2.5 cm y terminales 1.5 cm. Espatas 6 a 10 por in- florescencia, disticas; la primera verde con el borde rojo, fértil, foliolada o n6é, las demas rojo oscuro con pubescencia negra e hirsuta, lanceolado - conduplicadas, largamente acuminadas, de borde recto; espatas basales 38 - 21 cm de largo por 2.5 - 2.0 cm de ancho en la base, medias 15 — 2 em de largo por 2Z.2°— 220 emide anchovy yates minales 8.5 cm de largo por 1.5 cm de ancho. Bracteas blancas, membranaceas, glabras, 5.0 cm de largo por 2.0 cm de ancho en la base. Flores exsertas, piramidales, curvadas en la parte superior, 12 - 8 por espata; perianto blanco en la base y verde claro hacia el 4pice, 3.5 cm de largo, sépalos glabros, pétalos rosados en el borde, gla- bros; estaminodio blanco, laminar - cuneiforme, mucronado; ovario verde claro, glabro, 0.8 cm de largo; pedicelo blanco - marfil, 2.0 cm de largo, glabro. Frutos crema, globosos, 1.7 - 1.5 cm de largo por 2.0 - 1.6 cm de diadmetro. Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 299, 2 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, San Miguel de los Bancos, 15 Km via Tandayapa - Quito, 1620 msm ( QCA, holotipo; MY, isotipo ) El nombre de esta especie se ha basado en la coloracién del perianto y su integracién dentro del contexto de la inf lorescencia. Habitat: Zonas de alta precipitaciOn. Bosque secundario con suelos hamicos. Sitios protegidos. Terre- nos planos o de pendiente suave. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador 11 Heliconia virginalis 12 Poe Lorn OrG Erk Vol. 52, No. 6 Heliconia willisiana Abalo & Morales, sp. nov. Planta musotdes. Pseudocaults 1m altus. Pettolus virtdts, glaber, 32 - 60 cm longus. Lamina aspectus velutims, vartegata, costa virtdis pallida, 40 - 74 cm longa, 16 - 27 cm lata, costa subtus rubra. Inflores- centta erecta. Rachis rubra, pubescens. Spathae roseae. Flores exsertt. Pertanthtum: basts eburnea, apec .subvirtdts. Ovarium subviride. Planta musoide. Pseudotallo 1.0 m. Hojas 4 - 5, peciolo verde, glabro, 32 - 60 cm de largo; lamina con el haz ver de oscuro de aspecto aterciopelado y con bandas horizon- tales verde claro - amarillento irregularmente dispuestas, 40 - 74 cm de largo por 16 —- 27 cm de ancho, base suave - cuneada, apice agudo a obtuso con acumen; nervadura cen- tral verde claro por el haz y rojo claro por el envés. Inflorescencia erecta, 10 - 44 cm de largo; pedinculo ausente o hasta 26 cm de largo, verde, glabro; raquis rojo, pubescente 10 - 18 cm de largo; distancia entre las espatas basales 3 - 2 cm, medias 2 cm y apicales 1.5 cm. Espatas externa e internamente rojo claro, lanceo- lado - conduplicadas, apice agudo, borde recto, ligera- mente reflexas, espiraladas, externamente con pubescen- cia muy fina, 8 - 5 por inflorescencia; primera espata a veces foliolada y entonces verde con el borde rojo claro de 34 - 28 cm de largo y 1.7 cm de ancho o con foliolo muy pequeno en cuyo caso la espata es roja con una banda verde en el dorso; espatas basales 20 - 15 cm de largo por 1.7 - 1.5 cm de ancho, medias 15 - 10 cm de largo por 1.5 em de ancho y terminales de 9 - 4 cm de largo por 1.5 - 0.5 cm de ancho. Bracteas blancas, tempranamente necro sadas, carinadas, glabras, 5.5 cm de largo por 1.3 cm de ancho en la base. Flores exsertas, 14 - 8 por espata; perianto con la base crema y desde la parte media hacia el Apice verde claro, glabro, 5 cm de largo; estaminodio blanco, linear, de 4pice truncado con acumen, 0.6 cm de largo por 0.2 cm de ancho; ovario verde claro, glabro, 0.7 cm de largo; pedicelo verde claro a crema, glabro, Ii, > — 2.0 vemede largo: Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 297, 2 Julio 1982, Ecuador, Pichincha, San Miguel de los Bancos, 10 Km via Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 960 msm ( QCA, holotipo; MY, isotipo ) Esta especie esta dedicada al Dr. W. H. Willis, Professor Emeritus & Head Emeritus, Agronomy Dept., Louisiana State University, profesor - guia de uno de los autores. Habitat: Zonas de alta precipitacién. Sitios planos som- breados. Suelos ricos en materia organica. 1983 Abalo & Morales L., Heliconias del Ecuador Heliconia willisiana 413 NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CLXIV Harold N. Moldenke LANTANA CANESCENS f. PLURIPEDUNCULATA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei pedunculis saepe ) per nodos recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in often having more than two peduncles per node and in having the leaf margins entire. banks of the Rio Pomba at Santo Antonio de PAdua, near Ibitiguagu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on April 23, 1981, and deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. LIPPIA ROTUNDIFOLIA var. CORDATA Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum basaliter cordatis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades basally cordate. The variety is based on E. P. Héringer 1827 from dry cerrado subject to periodic fires at the Estagdo Florestal "cabeca do veado", Distrito Federal, Brazil, collected on August 27, 1975, and deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collector asserts that the plant was 1.5 m. tall, erect, the inflorescence terminal, and the corollas rose-color. PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. GOYAZENSIS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pedunculis usque ad 18 cm. longis vaginis usque ad 2.5 cm. longis foliis supremis arcte di- varicatis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its uppermost stem leaves uniformly 3—5 cm. long and acutely divaricate, apically mucromulate, the sheaths only 2—5 cm. long at time of full anthesis, and the peduncles at time of full anthesis only 6—13 cm. long. The variety is based on E, Yale Dawson 1271 from along a shaded dry creek in a hilly cerrado area 23 km. northeast of Sao Jo#o de Alianca, in the region of the Chapada dos Veadeiros at long. W.47°30', lat. S.14°30', Goids, brazil, collected on April 16, 1956, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the Universi= ty of Texas, Austin. STACHYTARPHETA CHAMISSONIS var. LONGIPETIOLATA Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei petiolis usque ad 2 cm, longis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the petioles of its upper leaves to 2.5 cm. long, resem- bling those of var. andersonii Mold. hi 1983 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants 15 ————— —= — —— ——— campo) about 50 km. north of Alto Paraiso, at about 1250 m. alti- tude, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goids, Brazil, collected on March 2h, 1971, and deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collectors describe the plant as a subshrub about 75 cm. tall, the corollas orange to brown-orange. STACHYTARPHETA SCHOTTIANA var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis valde angustioribus lineari-oblongis usque ad 5 mm. latis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the leaves very much narrower, linear=oblong, and only to 5 mm. wide. The variety is based on Arauja 15 from an open restinga at Lagoa Comprida, in the municipality of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Bra- zil, collected on May 5, 1981, and deposited in the Britton Her- barium at the New York Botanical Garden. NOTES ON THE GENUS CARYOPTERIS (VERBBNACEAE) Harold N. Moldenke This is the 78th genus to be treated in the present series of notes in this and certain other journals since 1929. Because of a regrettable but unavoidable lack of time this late in life, the thorough and detailed monograph planned and previously announced is not now practical, but it still seems desirable to place on record the herbarium and bibliographic notes assembled by my wife, Alma L, Moldenke, and myself over the past 53 years. The herbari- um acronyms herein employed are the same as have been used by me in all previous installments of these notes and have most recently been explained in full in Phytologia Memoirs 2: )63—-69 (1980), with a supplement in Phytologia 50: 268 (1982). We wish here again to express our thanks to Dr. Peter Hyypio, of the L. H. Bailey Hortorium, for his great help in resolving some difficult bibliographic problems, and to the library staff of the New York Botanical Garden for similar assistance. CARYOPTERIS Bunge, Nov. Gen. Sp. Chin. Mongh. 1: 27 [Uchen. Zapisk. Kazan. Univ. : 178]. 1835. Synonymy: Barbula Lour., Fl. Cochinch., ed. 1, 2: 366—-367. 1790 [not Barbula Hedw., 1782]. Callipeltis Bunge ex Lindl., Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2, 278. 1836 [not Callipeltis Stev., 1829]. Mastacanthus Endl., Gen. Pl. 638. 1838. Carypteris Bunge ex Reichenb., Deutsch. Bot. [Repert. Herb. Nom.] 108. 1841. Cariop- 416 POH OY LO) OLGe A Vol. 52, No. 6 teris Bunge apud Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, 6: 111. 1883. Caryopterys Baill., Hist. Pl. 11: 92. 1891. Caryopteria Ptei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3: 171, sphalm. 1932. Caryptoris Plei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 17h, sphalm. 1932. Caryoteris P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 175, sphalm. 1932. Caryooters P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 179, sphalm. 1932; Mold., Aloh. List Inv. Names Supol. 1: , in syn. 197. Caryoptueris P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 180 & 189, sphalm. 1932. Carryopteris Farrington, . Y. Herald Trib. July 25, 2: 1h. 1937. Caropteris Trelease, Pl. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody Pl., ed. 5, imp. 1, 145, sphalm. 190. Carpyopteris Bunge apud Parsa, Fl. Iran (1): 535, sphalm. i9h9. Caryoptis Lawrence, Tax. Vasc. Pl., ed. 1, 785, sphalm. 1951. Caryopis Tam, Arch. Mikrobiol. 20: 281, sphalm. 195). Callipeltis "Bunge ex Lindl." apud Angely, Cat. Estat. Gen. Eot. Fan. 17: 3. 1956. Cariopteris "Bunge ex Franch." apud Angely, Cat. Estat. Gen. Eot. Fan. 17: 3. 1956. Pseudocaryopteris Bria. ex Iljin, Acad. Sci. Bot. Inst. Dept. Repr. Mat. Hist. Fl. Veg. USSR. 3: 216. 1958. Caryopteria Grin- dal, Everyday Gard. India, ed. 16, 183. 1960. Carypteris Miq. ex Mold., Résumé Suppl. 3: 30, in syn. 1962. Nepta Thunb. apud Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 82), & 960, sphalm. 1963. Bibliography: Houtt., Lin. Pfl. Syst. 2 (7): 29, pl. 56, fig. 2. 1777; Houtt., Natuur. Hist. 2 (9): 307, pl. 56, fig. Ssaneias Thunb., Fl. Jap. 24. 178); Lour., Fl. Cochinch., ed. 1, 2: 366— 367 (1790) and ed. 2, hhh. 1793; Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. h, 3: 52. 1800; Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 1, 6. 181h; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 338—239. 1819; D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 102—-103. 1825; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 322. 1826; Wall., Numer. List [8] & h9 [=50], nos. 1759, 1812, & 1813. 1829; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 27. 1830; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 416. 1830; Wall., Numer. List 87, no. 1812. 1831; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 27. 1832; Benth., Lab. Gen. 706. 183); Bunge, U- chen. Zapisk. Kazan. Univ. lh: 178--179. 1835; Bunge, Nov. Gen. Sp. Chin. Mongh. [Pl. Monghol.-Chin. Dec.3; Opis. Novy. Kod. Vid. Kitaisk. Mong.] 1: 27—28. 1835; Bunge, Ann. Sci. Nat. Hist. Paris, ser. 2, Bot. 6: 64. 1836; Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 205. 1836; Lindl., Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2, 278. 1836; Endl., Gen. Pl. 634 & 638. 1838; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 550. 1839; Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 2: [Comm.] 198 & 290. 18,0; Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 227 & 228. 180; Steud., Nom, Bot. Phan., ed. 2, 1: 302 & 383. 1840; Endl., Enchirid. Bot. 312. 181; Reichenb., Deutsch. Bot. [Kepert. Herb. Nom.] 108. 181; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 105. 181; W. Griff., Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. 33 307 [Remarks Few P1. Cent. India 6]. 182; Brongn., Enum. Gen. Pl., ed. 1, 119. 1843; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 3: 371, 372, 60s, ores 183; Jacques, Ann. Fl. Pom. [Journ. Jard.], ser. 2, 1: 318—%19. 1843; Jacq., Ann. Fl. Pom. [Journ. Jard.], ser. 2, 3: 336—338, pl. 41. 1845; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc. 66. 135; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. h: [3]. 185; Lindl., Edwards Bot. Reg. 32 [ser. 2, 19]: pl. 2. 1846; Gerard, Hortic. Univ. 7: hO. 186; Sieb. & 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 17 Zucc., Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Muench. Math.-Phys. C3)? (ra. wap Fam. Nat. 2]: 15) & 156-157. 186; Lindl., Veg. Kingd., ed. l, 66), pl. 2 (186) and ed. 2, 66, pl. 2. 1817; Schau. in A. W., Prodr. 11: 525, 62h--625, 657, 67h, 675, & 696. 1817; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 686. 1847; Benth. in A. DC., Prodr. 12: 580. 188; W. Griff., Itin. Notes [Posthum. Papers 2:] 128. 188; A. L. Juss. in D'Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 13: 185. 1849; Lemr. in D'Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 3: 201. 1849; Brongn., Enum. Gen. Pl., ed. 2, 119. 1850; Benth. in Hook. f., Journ. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 135. 1853; Lindl., Veg. Kingd., ed. 3, 66h. 1853; Jameson, Rep. Bot. Gov. Northw. Prov. 16. 1855; Schnitzl., Icon— ogr. Fam. Nat. 2: 137 Verbenac. [3]. 1856; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 86, 106, 502, & 503. 1858; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 268. 1861; Miq., Journ. Bot. Néerl. 1: 1). 1861; Bocq. in Baill., Adansonia, ser. 1 [Rec. Obs. Lot.] 2: 86, 109—112, 118, 120, 128, 129, 1h3, lbh, 148, & 153, pl. 19, fig. 1--9 (1862) and ser. 1, 3: 110, 178, 180, 182, 183, & 206—208. 1862; Bocaq., Rév. Verbénac. 110—112, 120, 128, 129, 13, luk, 148, 153, 180, & 206—-208, pl. 19, fig. 1-9. 13863; Mig., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.—bat. 2: 97. 1865; Mia., Prolus. Fl. Iap. 29—31. 1865; Maxim, Mél. Bi- ol. Acad. Sci. St.—-Pétersb. 12: 522——-52). 1866; J. F. Wats., Ind. Nat. Scient. Names 523. 1868; Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.—Bat. 70. 1870; Carr., Rév. Hort. Wh: [50] & Sl. 1872; Hance, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 13: [Fl. Hongk. Suppl.] 116. 1873; Pfeiffer, Nom. Bot. 1) (1): 61) (1873), 2 (1): 13 & 132 (187k), and 2 (2): 1570 & 1593. 187); Brandis, For. Fl. NW. Cent. India 32h & 370. 187h; Franch, & Savat., Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 357—-358 & 360. 1875; Iinuma, Somoku Dzusetsu, ed. 1, 11: pl. 11 [12] & 38 [lO]. 1875; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2 (2): 1136 & 1157—1158. 1876; Hemsl., Journ. Bot. 1) [ser. 2, 5}: 208. 1876; Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 252 & 268. 1877; Maxim., Pull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 23 (Diagn. Pl. Nov. Asiat. Dec. 1]: 389-390. 1877; Maxim., M61. biol, Acad. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 9: 829--830. 1877; S. Moore, Journ, Bot. 16 [ser. 2, 7]: 138. 1878; Maxim., Bull. Sci. Nat. Mosc. 54: LO— 1. 1879; Gamble, Man. Indian Timh., ed. 1, 281, 299, & 503. 1881; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-P4tersb. 27: 525--526. 1882; Maxim., M61. Biol. Acad. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 11: 256 & 301. 1882; Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 6: 111. 1883; W. Robinson, Garden 2): 523. 1883; Anon., Gard. Chron., ser. 2, Senet ang, Tic. 30. 1803 Franch., Fl. David., imp. 3, 1: 231. eons ©, 2. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit.‘India l= 517, 541, & 596—598. 1885; Hook. f., Curtis Bot. Mag. 111 [ser. 3, 1]: pl. 6799. 1885; Olivier, Handelsbl. Tuinb. Sempervirens 1): [117] & 220. 1885; Maxim., M61. Biol. Acad. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 12: 91 & 523--52h. 1886; Maxim., bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 31: 87--88, 1886; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 322. 1888; Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 59, fig. 2). 18893; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 2: 206. 1889; Collett & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 28: 111. 1890; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. Fl. Sin. 2]: 263-265. 1890; Verdier, Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr., ser. Serta 5th. 1890; Baill., Hist. Pl. 11: 87, 91, 92, & 115. 1891; 418 PHEDOLOG DA Vol. 52, No. 6 Hardy, Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr., ser. 3, 13: 598. 1891; André, kRév. Hort. 6h: 32-325. 1892; batalin, Act. Hort. Petrop. 13: 98. 1893; Bernard, Rév. Hort. Belg. 19: 273—27). 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 272, Lh7, & 561 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 175. 189); Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam., ed. 1, (3a): 137, 138, 1h0—1h2, 1h, & 176—178, fig. 66 E—G. 1895; Gourlot, Le Jardin 9: 161. 1895; L. Henry, Le Jardin 9: 7h. 1895; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 121) & 1219. 1895; Legras, Rév. Hort. 67: 331—332. 1895; Ville, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 21 [ser. 3, 1]: 220—221, fig. 12 & 13. 1896; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, (3a): [381]. 1897; Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 178. 1898; Lin- den, Semaine Hort. 2: 89, fig. 229. 1898; L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 255. 1900; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 84—85. 1901; L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. ol. 7. 1902; Collett, Fl. Siml., imp. 1, 378 & 381, fig. 121. 19023 Diciisgaia, Cent.—chin. 550. 1902; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 1, 52h & Suk. 1902; Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 3, 188. 1903; Prain, Bengal Pl., imp. 1, 1: 66 (1903) and imp. 1, 2: 62h, 82h, & 336. 1903; Schelle in Beissner, Schelle, & Zabel, Laubholz-— Benen. 26. 1903; C. K. Schneid., Dendrol. Winterst. 120, 201, & 267, fig. 122. 1903; Tillier, Rév. Hort. 75: 15—17, fig. h. 1903; J.C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 2, 292 & 60h. 1903; Dalla Tor- re & Harms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. 1, 33. 190); Post & Kuntze, Lexicon 688. 190); Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 1 & 2, 502 & 512—— £13 (1906) and imp. 2a, 502 & 512—S13. 1907; Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 5, 193. 1907; Spooner, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 2: 408 & 09, fig. 171. 1907; D. H. Scott in Solered. [transl. Boodle & Fritsch}, Syst. Anat. Dicot. 1: 63. 1908; J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow, Pl., ed. 3, 299 & 621. 1908; Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 6, 198. 1909; Apgar, Orn. Shrubs U. S. 289, fig. 502. 19103 Gér6me, Jardin 2h: 381, fig. 22h. 1910; Kawalkami, List Pl. For- mos. 84. 1910; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 502 & 512—513. 1911; Danguy, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 7: 34). 1911; Du= thie, Fl. Upper Gang, Plain 2: 215, 228--229, & 263. 1911; Gerth van Wijk, Dict. Plantnames 259. 1911; Léveillé, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 9: 223 & hh9. 1911; Nakai, Fl. Korea 2: 137. 1911; C. K. Schneid., Illust. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 587, 590, & 595—597, fig. 386 K—R. 1911; Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 9: 325, 455, & 56 (1911) and 10: 6h. 1912; Diels, Notes Koy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 5: 296. 1912; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 201 & 205. 1912; Gilg in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 7, 31h & 363. 1912; Makino, Somoku Dzusetsu [Iconogr. Pl. Nipp.], ed. 2, lls pl. 38. 1912; Matsum., Icon. PL. Koisikav. 1: pla/SOm@rey "A. C" in F, W. Harv., Garden 76: 24. 1912; Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 530-531. 1912; Diels, Notes Koy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 332 & 347. 1913; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 39 (2): 319. 1913; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 39 (1): 93. 1913; L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 679. 191h; Bean, Trees Shrubs Ilardy Brit. Isls., ed. 1, 1: 301. 1914; Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Ge= samtverz. 58. 1914; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 0 (2): 33. 1915; Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou lO. 1915; bean, Trees Shrubs 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 19 Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 2, imp. 1, 1: 301. 1916; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 39 (2): 1331 & 1335. 1916; Léveillé, Sert. Yunnan 3. 1916; 0. G. Peterson, Traeer Buske 37. 1916; Rehd. in Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 378. 1916; B. L. Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 51: 531. 1916; Cowley, Garden 81: [78]. 1917; Léveillé, Cat. Pl. Yun-nan 277 & 298. 1917; Makino, Somoku Dzusetsu [Iconogr. Pl. Mapp), ed. 3, 11: pl. 38. 1917; W. W. Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 18. 1917; Dreer, Gard. Book 80: 18h. 1918; R. N. Par= ker, For. Fl. Punjab, ed. 1, 395 & O03—hOh. 1918; W. Trelease, Wint. Bot. 332. 1918; Bean, Trees Shrubs tiardy Brit. Isls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 1: 301. 1919; Dreer, Gard. Book 81: 174. 1919; Gilg in Engl., Syllab. "flanzenfam., ed. 8, 319 & 370. 1919; Thellung, Vierteljahrschr. Nat. Ges. Ztirich 6: 782. 1919; Collett, Fl. Simla, imp. 2, 373 & 3381, fig. 121. 1920; Dreer, Gard. Book 82: 169. 1920; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 3, 1: 301. 1921; Brandis, Indian Trees, ed. h, 502 & 512—513. 1921; Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 205. 1921; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3, imp. 1, 49. 1921; Bean, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1922: 110--11l1. 1922; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 2, 52h & Shh. 1922; liaines, Bot. Bihar Orissa, ed. 1, h: 70) & 723. 1922; Wangerin, Justs Hot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 555. 1923; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 1, 63h, 302, & 805. 192); Bean, Garden 33: 133--18). 192; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 228, 192h; Dreer, Gard. Book 86: 17h. 192; Gilg in ngl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 9 & 10, 340 & 394. 192); Makino, Illust. Fl. Jap. [216]. 192); Olmsted, Coville, & Kelsey, Stand. Pl. Names, ed. 1, 70. 192); R. N. Par- ker, For. Fl. Punjab, ed. 2, 395 & hO3—lOh. 192; L. H. Bailey, Van. Cult. Pl., ad. 1, imp. 2, 63h, 802, & 805. 19253 Nean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 3, 1: 301. 1925; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 6 (1): 368. 1925; J. ©. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ede. Vee 679. 1925; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 38. 1926; Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 0: 333. 1926; Borsch, Hardy Herb. Alp. P1. 3. 1927; Clute, Am. Botanist 33: [111]. 1927; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 7 (2): 245. 1927; It6, Icon. Pl. Formos. pl. 349. 1927; Rehd. in Rehd. & Wils., Journ. Arnold Arb. 8: 195. 1927; Kirk, Brit. Gard. Fls. 32. 1927; Osmaston, For. Fl. Kumaon 05 & 413—1h. 1927; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. 1, 151--152. 1923; Kranzlin, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Gesel. 0: 353. 1923; Rehd. in Rehd. & Wils., Journ. Arnold Arb. 9: 112. 1923; Sasaki, List Fl. Formos. 350 & 425. 19238; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. h, 1: 301. 1929; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 7 (2): 292. feo, A. We Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: ll. 19293 EB. H. Wils., China Moth. Sard. 23. 1929; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus, ed. 1, melts 1930; Kammerer, bull. Pop. Inform. Morton Arbor. 5: 28& 50. 1930; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. 2, 176--177. 1931; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 2: 82 & 233. 1930; Stapf, Curtis Bot. Mag. 15h: pl. 9219. 1930; E. D. Merr., Sunyat. 1: 30. 1930; W. Trelease, Wint. Bot., ed. 3, imp. 1, 323 & 33h. 1931; Bonstedt in Encke, Pareys Blumen- gurtn., ed. 1, 273, 282—233, & 662. 1932; Masamune, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 22: 169. 1932; P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 1, 7, 162--182, & 189, pl. 30—-33. 19325. 420 Paley sh iOwLsO5G 8, A Vol. 52, No. 6 P'ei, Sinensia 2: 76--77. 1932; Schelle, Pareys Hlumengirtn., ed. 1, 282--233. 1932; Wilder, Frag. Path, imp. 1, 113 & 385. 1932; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls. 3, ed. 1, 75. 1933; Chitten- den, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 9: 226 & 231, fig. 108. 1933; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 51 (2): 269. 1933; Makino, Gensyoku Yagai- shokubutu [Nature-Col. Wild Pl.] 3: 201. 1933; Terasaki, Nippon Shokubutsu Zufu [Jap. Bot. Illustr. Album], ed. 1, fig. 1455. 1933; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abridgd. ed., 662, 663, & 1389. 1933; Chittenden, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 9h, 226, & 231, fig. 108. 1933; Chittenden, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 59: 301 & Proc. cxxviii. 193h; Crevost & Pételot, Bull. Econ. Indo-chine 37: 1296. 193h; Dreer, Gard. Book [96]: 130. 193; Hand.—Mazz., Act. Hort. Gotob. 9: 68-69. 1934; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 (lh): 112, 113, 115, 116, 118—120, 131, 20h, & 28h, fig. 182 & 183, pl. 7, fige he 193k; Kingdon-Ward, Pl. Hunt. Tibet 17 & 171. 193h; Zander, Gross. Gart.-lex. 131. 193; L. H. Bailey, Florists Handl. Verbenac. [mss.]. 1935; L. H. & E. 2. Bailey, Hortus, imp. 2, 12). 19355 Bobbink & Atkins, Roses Ornament. Trees Shrubs 52 & 59. 1935; Bop in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-chine : 776, 87h, & 885, fig. 90. 1935; Dreer, Gard. Book [97]: 21, 117, 131, & 135. 19353; Hu, Bull, Chin. Bot. Soc. 1 (2): 95. 19353 H. F. MacMill., Trop. Plant. Gard., ed. 4, 10). 1935; E. D. Merr., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., ser. 3, 2h (2): 338 & 19. 1935; Rehd., Journ. Arnold Arb. 16: 311--313 & 472. 1935; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls. 3, ed. 2, 75. 1936; Bedevian, Illustr. Polyglott. Dict. 150-—-151. 1936; Chittenden, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 61: Proc. cxxxiii & clv. 1936; Diels in Sngl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 11, 339. 1936; Dop in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo=-chine : 87) & 88)—-886. 1936; Dreer, Gard. Book [98]: 5, 21, & 121. 1936; Hillier, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 61: 107--108. 1936; Makins, Ident. Trees Shrubs, ed. 1, 6, 62, 258, & 316, fig. 34 L & 50 F. 1936; Hehd., Journ. Arnold Arb. 16: 311. 1936; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 56 (1): 669. 1936; Wilder, Frag. Path, imp. 2, 113 & 385. 1936; Farrington, N. Y. Herald Trib. July 25,2: 1). 1937; Hara, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: 52. 19373 Rehd., Journ. Arnold Arb. 18: 243, 2hh, & 283. 19373 Wan— gerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 696. 1937; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 3, 634, 802, & 805. 1938; Chittenden, Ornam. Flow. Trees Shrubs 15. 1938; Dahlgren, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 32: 231. 1938; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 742. 1938; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 05, 06, 09, & 437. 1938; Hao, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 68: 633. 1938; H. W. Harv., Ga. Univ. Exp. Sta. Serv. Bull. 02, ed. 2, 3h. 1938; Honda, Siebold-Kenkyu 579. 1938; ©. D. Merr., Journ. Arnold Arb. 19: 362. 1938; Terazaki, Niopon Shokubutsu Zufnu [Nature-Col. Wild P1.] fig. 289. 1938; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 58 (2): 505. 1939; Hand.-Mazz., Act. Hort. Gotob. 13: 336. 1939; Kanjilal, Das, Kanjilal, & De, Fl. Assam 3: 458, 1:59, LOl—l96, & 546. 1939; Mold., Annot. List 108. 1939; Sakata, Reliable Seeds Nursery 1939: 28. 1939; Totty's Cat- alogue 1939: 35. 1939; Bobbink & Atkins, [Catalogue] 190: 67. 190; Makino, Illust. Fl. Nipp. 185, fig. 553 & 554. 190; Mold., Prelim. Alph. List Inv. Names 23 & 55. 19403; Mold., Suppl. List 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 421 Common Vern. Names }}. 190; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, 306 & 933. 190; Terasaki, Niopon Shokubutsu Zufu [Ja. Bot. Illust. Al- bum], ed. 2, fig. 553. 190; W. Trelease, Pl. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody P1., ed. 5, imp. 1, 145. 190; Anon., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 110: 110 & 117, fic. 60. 191; L. H. Railey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 1, imo. h, 63h, 802, & 805. 191; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus Sec., imp. 1, 145. 191; Biswas, Indian For. Hec., ser. 2 bot., 3: 41. 1941; Bobbink & Atkins, [Catalogue] 191: h3. 191; Doney, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec. 30: 23. 1941; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 8h--85, 191; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahres- ber. 60 (2): 571. 1941; A. D. Hall, Journ, Roy. Hort. Soc. 66: 455 & Proc. 1lxi. 1941; Heydenric, Gartenschtnh. 22: 92. 1913 Mold., Phytologia 2: 13. 1941; Mold., Suppl. list Inv. Names [1], 2, & 6. 1941; Sakata, Reliable Seeds Nursery 191: 54. 1941; E. H. Walker, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 655. 1915 Wangerin & Krause, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 60 (1): 662 & 753. 191; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 190. 191; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. h, 176—177. 1912; A. P. Johnson, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 67: 366, fig. 120. 192; Kel~ sey & Dayton, Stand. Pl. Names, ed. 2, 92—-93. 1923 Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 6, 12, 23, & 33. 192; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 5l—-56, 58, 60, 71, & 87. 192; Lemée, Dict. Des- crip. Syn. Gen. Pl. Phan. 8b: 650 & 657. 193; H. F. MacMill., Trop. Plant. Gard., ed. 5, imp. 1, 10) & 20). 1943; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 5, 63h, 802, & 805. 19h; E. L. D. Sey~ mour, New Gard. Encycl., ed. 3, 15h, 230, & 1279. 19h; Trotter, Common Commerc. Timb. India 229. 19h; Erdtman, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 39: 28128), fig. 5 & 6. 195; Mold., Phytologia 2: 95. 19h5; Higgins, Some Good Gard. Pl. 14. 1946; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 272 & hh7 (196) and imp. 2, 2: 175, 121k, & 1219. 1946; H. F. MacMill., Tron. Plant. Gard., ed. 5, imp. 2, 10). 1946; E. L. D. Seymour, New Gard. Encycl., ed. , 15h, 230, & 1279. 196; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 2, h, 16, & 29. 1947; P'ei, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 1: 6. 1947; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., imp. 1, 1: 186-187. 19,8; Makins, Ident Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, 6, 62, 289, & 355, fig. 3) L& 50 F. 198; H. F. MacMill., Trop. Plant. Gard., ed. 5, imp. 3, 10h (1948) and ed. 5, imp. h, 10). 199; Aul, N. Y. Herald Trib., May 8, 5: 11. 1919; L. H. Bai- ley, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 2, 8h5--846, 102, & 107. 199; "RK. G.", N. Y. Pimes, Aug. 28, X:23. 1949; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 123, 128, 130, 131, 133, 13h, 137, 157, & 178. 19)9; H. Ne & A. L, Mold., Pl. Life 2: 22—-2h, 26, 3h, 58, & 59. 1948; Parsa, Fl. Iran) (1): (531) & 535-536, fig. 252. 19h93 Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees 585—586. 1949; Turrill, Curtis Bot. Mag. 166: pl. 75. 1919; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 7, 1: 365--367. 1950; P. Henderson, Everything Gard. 120. 1950; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. 5, 176--177. 1950; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 2: 1032—-[1031], 103%, 10h0, & 10h], fig. 2l7E, 1950; Sas- tri, Wealth India 2 (R): 90. 1950; A. Taylor, Sunday News [N. Y.], Sept. 3, 2: 12. 1950; A. W. Anderson, How We Got Fls., imp. 1, 213 & 271. 1951; Kelly Bros., 1951 Sard. Book hl. 1951; Lawrence, Tax- on. Vasc. Pl., imp. 1, 688. 1951; E. L. D. Seymour, New Gard. En~ eycl., ed. 5, 15h, 230, & 1279. 1951; J.C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., 22 Pele Or OsGorra Vol. 52, No. 6 ed. 6, 12) & 678. 1951; Blackburn, Trees Shrubs East. N. Am. xi, 21, 108, 327, & 329. 1952; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 48. 19523 Hottes, Book Shrubs, [ed. 6, imp. 1], 176--177. 1952; H. F, MacMill., Trop. Plant. Gard., ed. 5, imo. 5, 10h. 19523 E. J. Salish., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 5. 1953; Wayside Gard., Horti- culture 31: 175. 1953; Anon., N. Y. Herald Trib., Feb. 21, h: 15. 195i; Iwanami, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 67: 28-—33. 1953; Lombardo, Invent. Pl. Cult. Montevid. 54 & 248. 195h; Mold., Journ. Calif. Hort. Soc. 15: 87. 1954; H. F. MacMill., Trop. Plant. Gard., ed. 5, imp. 6, 10h. 195); Tamm, Arch. Mikrobiol. 20: 281. 195); Grubov, Konsp. Fl. M.N.R. 233. 1955; Plaumann, Gartenwelt 18: 285, fig. 1. 1955; Angely, Cat. Estat. Gen. Bot. Fan. 17: 3. 1956; Bean in Chitten- den, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. 1: 05-06. 1956; Boerner in Maatsch, Pareys Illust. Gartenbaulex. 1: 205. 1956; Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Suppl. 177. 1956; Ikuse, Pollen Grains Jap. 128. 1956; H, F. MacMill., Trop. Plant. Gard., ed. 5, imp. 7, 10h. 1956; R. N. Parker, For. Fl. Punjab, ed. 3, 576. 1956; Wyman, Shrubs Vines Am. Gard. 121--122 & 15. 1956; Anon., Commonw. Mycol. Inst. Index Fungi Petrak Cum. Index 2: 279. 1957; Chen' & Chahou, Rast. Pok- rov. Sulenkhe 89. 1957; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: 1435. 1958; Hottes, Book Shrubs, [2d. 6, imo. 2], 176--177. 1958; Iljin, Acad. Sci. Bot. Inst. Dept. Repr., Mat. Hist. Fl. Veg. USSR. 3: 152, 215, & 216, fig. hh. 1958; Mattoon, Pl. Buyers Guide, ed. 6, 88. 1953; Mold., Am. Midl. Nat. 59: 335. 1958; A- non., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 67. 1959; RB. M. Carleton, Ind. Common Names Herb. Pl. 15, 16, & 85. 1959; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 8l--85. 1959; Hara, Outline Phytogeogr. Jap. 7 & 69. 1959; Hay, Gard. Chron. 15: 11. 1959; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.l: 29. 1959; Hottes, Book Shrubs, [ed. 6, imp. 3], 176— 177. 1959; Mold., Phytologia 7: 77--78. 1959; Mold., Résumé 160, 165, 168, 171-173, 177, 2Uh, 237, 2h3, 245, 28-250, 262—2ale 267, 272, 219-—322, 35h, 389, 392, 18, & hhS. 19593 Mold., Ré= sumé Suppl. 1: 11 & 1h. 1959; Nut Tree Nursery, Spring '59 Price List. 1959; Bonsted in Encke, Pareys Blumengiirtn., ed. 2, 2: 4h8—l49. 1960; Grindal, Everyday Gard. India, ed. 16, 32, 3h, & 183. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 272 & 447 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 175, 121), % 1219. 1960; Kelsey ‘ur- sery Serv., Short Guide Cat. 165: 35. 1960; Mold., Piol. Abstr. 35: 1688. 1960; Mold., Résum4 Supnl. 2: 6. 1960; Nath, Bot. Surv. South. Shan States 305. 1960; Potztal in Encke, Pareys Blumen- gairtn., ed. 2, 2: 439. 1960; Prain, Ind. Kew. Supnl, 5, imp. 2, 49. 19€0; Puri, Indian For. Ecol. ],06. 1960; %. H. Walker, Bib- liog. East. Asiat. Kot. Suppl. 1: 23h. 1960; Wang, Pollen Grains China. 1960; J. D. Wils. & Hedden, Farm Home Res. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. 5: 8-9 & 1. 1960; Deb, Bull. Hot. Surv. India 3: 31h. 1961; Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa, ed. 2, 2: 733 & 758-—759. 1961; Hershey, Price List Spring '61 Nut Tree Nurs. h. 1961; Kelsey Nursery Serv., Short Guide Cat. 167: 25. 1961; rau, Bull. Hot. Surv. India 3: 238. 1961; Runner, Rep. Groff Coll. 362. 19613 J. D. Wils., Hedden, & Walker, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Pl. Lisease Reporter 5: 380--383. 1961; K. M. Carleton, Ind. Common Names Herb. Pl., imp. 2, 16 & 85, 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris h23 A.l: 592. 1962; Kelway, Seaside Gard., imp. 1, 9, 138, 169, & 201. 1962; H. F. MacMill., Trop. Plant. Gard., ed. 5, imp. 8, 10h. 1962; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 3: 19, 27, & 30. 1962; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat. Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 2, 19, & 21, fig. 25. 1962; Pearce Seeds Plants, Our Am. Wild Fls. 15. 1962; Whitlock & Ran- kin, New Techn. Dried Fls. 21 & 27. 1962; J. D. Wils. & Hedden, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Pl. Disease Reporter 6 (3): 186— 188, fig. 1—3. 1962; J. D. Wils. & Hedden, Hort. Abstr. 32: 666. 1962; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. 1, 171 & 203, pl. 171, fig. 5. 1963; Bush—Brown, Shrubs Trees Home Landsc. 77—-79, [205], & 206, fig. 23. 1963; W. J. Cody, Ind. Sem. Canada Dept. Agr. 1963: 12. 1963; Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen, Siphonog., imp. 2, 33. 1963; Graf, Ex- otica 3: 1483 & 1568. 1963; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 17, 82h, 825, 9uh, & 960, fig. 331. 1963; Maheshwari, Fl. Delhi 276 & 280. 19633 Pearce, New High-lights Fls. 8. 1963; Pearce, Seeds Plants 1963: 13. 1963; Piringer, Downes, & Borthwick, Am. Journ. Bot. 50: 86— 90 & 1055. 1963; Prain, Bengal Pl., imp. 2, 1: 66 (1963) and imp. 2, 2: 62h. 1963; Schmelzer, Phytovath. Zeitschr. 6: [235]. 1963; E. L. D. Seymour, New Gard. Encycl., ed. 6, 154, 230, & 1279. 1963; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet. 58: 359, 370—371, 375, 377, 380, 383, & 38h, pl. 11, fig. 42—hS & pl. 12, fig. h6—8. 1963; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp.°2, 171 & 203, pl. 171, fig. 5. 196k Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromos. Numb. 2: 330. 196; R. Good, Geogr. Flow. Pl. 134. 1964; Kelway, Seaside Gard., imp. 2, 9, 138, 169, & 201. 1964; C. E. Lewis in Florists Publ. Co., New Pronounc. Dict. Pl. Names 1). 1964; Lord, Shrubs Trees Austral. Gard., ed. 2, 25h. 196; R. A. Ludwig, Ind. Sem. Canada Dept. Agr. 196: 7. 196h; Melchior in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 12, 2: 37. 196h; Menninger, Seaside Pl. 91, 268, & 288. 196; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 5: 3521. 196); Pearce, Seeds Plants Gard. Aristoc. 8. 196h; Santapau, Excerpt. Bot. A.7: 16. 196; E. L. D. Seymour, New Gard. Encycl., ed. 7, 154, 230, & 1279. 196; Sharma, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 101. 1964; Yotaro, Gard. Pl. World 2: 9, pl. 25, fig. 2. 196; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1965: 266. 1965; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 76, 143, & 1h9. 1965; Boss, Handb. Shrubs 9, 17, 36, 10h, & 122. 1965; J. & L. Bush- Brown, Am. Gard. Book, ed. , 252, 269, & 378. 1965; Dakshini, Journ. Indian Bot. Soc. lh: 16 & 19. 1965; Garibaldi, Atti Gi- orn. Stud. Prop. Spec. Legn. Pisa 196: 145—15h. 1965; Re Ew & C. R. Harrison, Trees Shrubs 7, pl. 127. 1965; Hoag, Trees Shrubs North. Plains 203, 205, & 206. 1965; Maheshwari & Singh, Dict. Econ. Pl. India 35. 1965; Mold., Résumd Suppl. 12: 7. 1965; P. K. K. Nair, Asia Monogr. India 1 (5): [Pollen Grains W. Himal. Pl.] 35 & 97, pl. 12, fig. 154. 1965; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 763 & 766. 1965; N. Taylor, Guide Gard. Shrubs Trees 335, opp. 32, & 32, fig. 8. 1965; Wu, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 10: 56. 1965; Airy Shaw in J.C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 119, 205, 700, & 1177. 1966; A. W. Anderson, How We Got Fls., imp. 2, 213 & 271. 1966; G. L. Da— vis, Syst. Embryol. Angiosp. 271. 1966; Erdtman, Pollen Morth. Pl. Tax., ed. 2, 8. 1966; Everett, Reader's Digest Compl. Book L2h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. 6 Gard. 115, 1h, 20, 660, & 681. 1966; Giraud, Bull. Soc. Hort. Fr. 139 [Jard. Fr. 10 2(F)]: 37h. 1966; Hellyer, Shrubs Colour 2h—25 & 27. 1966; Matthew, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 16). 1966; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 13: 5. 1966; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 25. 1966; DeWit, Pl. World High. Pl. 2: 185. 1967; Doolittle & Tiedebohl, Southwest. Gard., ed. 2, 171. 1967; Glasau, Sommergr. Ziergeh. 67. 1967; Gupta, Season. Fls. Indian Summer Resorts Moos. 67 & 81. 1967; Harlan & Jenkins, Biol. Abstr. 8: 5997—5998. 1967; Harlan & Jenkins, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Pl. Disease Reporter 51: 103—105. 1967; Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. 169: hl. 1967; Jaycox, Journ. Kans. Entom. Soc. 0: 12h—126. 1967; Kramer, Taxon 16: 239. 1967; E. Lawrence, South. Gard., ed. 2, 171, 183, & 216. 1967; Mitra, Elem. Syst. Bot. Angiosp., ed. 2 abrdgd. ed., 11. 1967; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 15: 1). 1967; Pal & Krishnamurthi, Flow. Shrubs 21—22, 132, 133, & 16. 1967; Pande, Bull. Dept. Med. Pl. Nepal 1: 36. 1967; Patzak & Rech. in Rech., Fl. Iran 3: 1 & 8. 1967; R. R. Stewart, Pakist. Journ. Forest. 17: 515. 1967; Tingle, Check List Hong Kong Pl. 38. 1967; W. Tre= lease, Wint. Bot., ed. 3, imp. 2, 323 & 33h. 1967; Wayside Gar- dens, [Catalogue] 1967: 137 & 22h. 1967; Wils. & Bell, Fragrant Year 187. 1967; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. 3, 171 & 203, pl. 171, fig. 5. 1968; Cathey, Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 93: 693—698. 1968; Deb, Sengupta, & Malik, Bull. Bot. Soc. Beng. 22: 199 & 210. 1968; Encke, Sch&nst. Kalt Warmhauspfl. 393. 1968; Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. 172: 19, 108, & 118. 1968; Jaitly, Guignard, & Mestre, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris D.267: 59—61, fig. 1—13, & pl. 1, fig. 1—h. 1968; A. Live, Taxon 17: 203 & 576. 19683 Mc Ginnies, Goldman, & Paylore, Deserts World 81. 1968; Mold., Ré= sumé Suppl. 16: 9 & 19 (1968) and 17: 7. 1968; A. & I. Nehrling, Easy Gard. Drought—Resist. Pl., imp. 1, 166 & 169. 1968; Schmel- zer & Schmidt, Phytopath. Zeitschr. 62: [105], 106, 108, 12h, & 125. 1968; Sherk & Buckley, Ornament. Shrubs Canada 52. 1968; Stucchi, FIORI 11: 129. 1968; W. Trelease, Pl. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody P1., ed. 5, imp. 2, 145. 1968; Watling, N. Zeal. Pl. Gard. 7: 252. 1968; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 50 (22): 5.30. 1969% Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chromos. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 71). 1969; Coats, Pl. Hunting 106. 1969; L. T. Evans, Introd. Flowering 60. 1969; Fogg, Concise Guide Shrubs 30 & 31. 1969; Hay & Synge, Color. Dict. Fls. Pl. Home 187 & 188, pl. 196 & 1497. 1969; J. Hutchins., Evol. Phytol. Flow. Pl. Dicot. 73 & 67h. 1969; Kapoor, Singh, Kapoor, & Srivastava, Lloydia 32: 303. 1969; Plowden, Man. Pl. Names 27. 1969; Rau, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10, Suppl. 2: 61. 1969; Sahni, Indian For. 95: 33h & 3h6. 1969; Schmelzer & Schmidt, Hort. Abstr. 39: 135. 1969; Suwal, Fl. Phulch. Godaw. 89. 1969; Synge, Suppl. Dict. Gard., ed. 2, 227 & 239. 1969; Widder, Excerpt. Bot. A.1: 159. 19693 Barbey, Arbor. Ornement., ed. h, 65 & 72. 1970; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 8, 1: 517--519, pl. 30. 1970; Cathey, Hort. Abstr. 0: 185. 1970; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 69, 473, 483, & 4.85. 1970; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5 (11): iv & item 1)1)0. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris h2s 1970; Franch., Pl. David., imp. 2, 1: 231. 1970; Grubov, Ivanina, & Tscherneva, Pl. Asiat. Cent. 5: 6—8. 1970; Kelway, Garden. Coast 166 & 17h. 1970; McGourty, 1200 Trees [Plants Gard 26 (2):] 65. 1970; R. J. Moore, Reg. Veg. 68: 71. 1970; "A. R.", Biol. Abstr. 51: 13600. 1970; Rouleau, Guide Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 36 & 352. 1970; Schmelzer, Phytopath. Zeit. 67: [285], 292, 293, & 321—326. 1970; E. L. D. Seymour, New Gard. Encycl., ed. 8, 15h, 230, & 1279. 1970; D. R. W. Alexander, Hong Kong Shrubs 21. 19713 Angely, Fl. Anal. Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 81. 1971; Aschers- leben, Hort. Abstr. 1: 206. 1971; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 502 & 512——513. 1971; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. Pl. Tax., ed. 3, Li8. 1971; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5, Cumul. Gen. Ind. 1971; Lawrence, Taxon, Vasc. Pl., imp. 2, 688.1971; Mold., Fifth Sum, 1: 267, 269—272, 282, 287, 292--29h, 307309, 313, 35h, 356, 408, 414, W15, b22, 423, Lh3, Woh, LWhé, 452, b61, & 462 (1971) eae 53, 515,» Sl, 727, 73U,, 1135, 8505. 9711s & Ileie LOTS Mold., Phytologia 20: 87 & 505 (1971) and 22: 6. 1971; Mukho- padhyay, Pollen Morph. Verb. [thesis]. 1971; Schmelzer, Hort. Ab- str. 41: 206. 1971; Wyman, Gard. Encycl., imp. 1, 140, 191, 766, & 102 (1971) and imp. 2, 10, 191, 766, & 102). 1972; E. B. An~ derson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Fls., imp. h, 171 & 203, pl. 171, fig. 5. 19723 Anon., Commonw. Myc. Inst. Index Fungi 3: 823. 1972; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Sci. Res. Div. Home Gard. Bull. 181: 2 & 20. 1972; R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. Illust. Encycl. Gard. ): 502 (1972) and 15: 2303. 1972; Crockett, Flow. Shrubs 100. 1972; Encke & Buchheim in Zan- der, Handwérterb. Pflanz., ed. 10, 158, 537, & 539. 19723 Gamble, Man, Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 3, 52h & Sk. 1972; Gill, Biol. Abstr. 5h: 319—320. 1972; Gill, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 99: 36-38. 1972; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., imp. 2, 1: 186—187. 1972; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. 4.21: 30. 1972; Huang, Pollen Fl. Taiwan 22 & 243, pl. 162, fig. l—6. 1972; Mold., Biol. Abstr. Sh: 6295. 1972; Mold., Phytologia 23: 53 & 505. 1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 30) & 313. 1972; Queens Bot. Gard. Soc., Pl. Seaside Gard. 1. 1972; Queens Bot. Gard. Soc., Shrubs Area [2]. 1972; HKouleau, Taxon Index 1: 72. 1972; V. & H. Singh, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 69: 356. 1972; Skinner, Ornament. Pl. Coast. Northw. 75. 1972; R. R. Stewart, Annot. Cat. in Nasir & Ali, Fl. West. Pakist. 605. 1972; Wyman, Arnoldia 32: 36. 1972; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Frang. Pond. Trav. Sect. Scient. Techn. 12 (1): h7 (1972) and 12 (2): 27. 1973; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 8, 122, 210, 718, & 1207. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (3): B.A.S.I. Gis5e39 (1973) and 56 (10): B.A.S.1.C. S42. 19733 Anon., Ind. Sem. Agrartud. Egyet. G6dt116 [Hungary] 1973: 19. 1973; Farns- worth, Pharmacog. Titles 8 (7): iii & 564. 1973; Gamble, Man. In= dian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 3, 5h. 1973; Hegnauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 6 [Chem. 21]: 658 & 666. 1973; Hosozawa & al., Phytochem. 12: 1833- 183). 19733; Huxley, Hardwicke, & Toogood, Decid. Gard. Trees 30, 151, & 211. 1973; Leigh & Boden, Convent. Internat. Trade Endang. Sp. 1h & 69. 1973; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 56: 12h3 & 5366. LORS Mold., Phytologia 25: 50h (1973) and 26: 177 & 501. 1973; Schuler, 426 P BLY.T OL OG Ek Vol. 52, No. 6 Gardn. Basic Book Trees Shrubs 23 & 312. 1973; Seabrook, Shrubs Gard., imp. 1, 11, 16, 39, 110, & [15]. 19733; Wedge, Pl. Names, ed. 1, 3 (1973) and ed. 2, 3. 19743; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 57 (5): B.A.S.1.C. EWS. 197k; L. He & Ew Z. Bailey, Hortus Sec., imp. 18, 145. 197h; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chromos. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 71h. 197; El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197); Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (3): v (197) and 9 (8): ii. 197h; "N. F.G.", Biol. Abstr. 57: 2962. 197); Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1752—175h. 1974; Harkness, Seedlist Handb. hh. 197h; Hersey, Flow. Shrubs Small Trees 50, fig. 109. 197h; Hocking, Ex= cerpt. Bot. A.23: 291 & 293. 197); Hosozawa & al., Phytochem. 13: 10191020. 197); Hosozawa & al., Tetrahyd. Let. 3: 3753-—375h. 197h; Howes, Dict. Useful Pl. 2) & 48. 197k; A. LUve, Taxon 27: 385. 197); Mold., Phytologia 28: hh3, Lbk, b6, Lh8, & 507. 197k; F. Perry, Compl. Guide Plants Fls. pl. 418.197); Troncoso, Dar- winiana 18: 08. 197); Wilder, Frag. Gard. 113 & 385. 197h; Asher, Guide Bot. Period. 1: 608. 1975; Kelway, Gard. Sandy Soil 2 & 135--136. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Néerl. 2h: 46h, 65, & 67. 19753 Mold., Phytologia 31: 390, 391, & 412. 1975; A. & I. Nehr- ling, Easy Gard. Draught-Resist. Pl., imp. 2, 166 & 169. 1975; Seabrook, Shrubs Your Gard., imp. 2, 11, 16, 39, 110, & [15]. 1975; Whitlock & Rankin, Dried Fls. 21 & 27. 1975; L. H. & EB. Z. Bailey, Hortus Third 119. 1976; Cleene & DeLey, Bot, Rev. 2: 412 & 452. 1976; Gault, Color Dict. Shrubs pl. 53. 1976; A. Le Mold., Phytologia 33: 303. 1976; Mold., Phytologia 33: 507 (1976) and 3h: 272 & 500. 1976; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Frang. Pond. Trave Scient. Techn, 13: 50, 328, & 383. 1976; Babu, Herb. Fl. Dehra Dun 395 & 396. 1977; Balakrishn., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 16: 169—173. 1977; Erdtman, Pollen Morvh. Pl. Tax., ed. 3, 48. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 507 (1977) and 36: 39 & 502. 1977; Prance & Elias, Extinct. Forever, imp. 1, 416. 1977; Speta, Can- dollea 32: 146 & 155. 1977; Troth & Nicolson, Phytologia 35: 225 & 227. 1977; Balakrishn., Biores. Ind. 15 (lh): B.137. 19783 Heathcote in Heywood, Flow. Pl. World 237. 19783 Hsiao, Fl. Tai- wan : [10] & 1820, pl. 1057. 1978; Layzell & Horton, Canad. Journ. Bot. 56: 18-1351, fig. 1--1h. 1978; Lord, Trees Shrubs Austral. Gard., ed. 5, 25h. 1978; Mierow & Shrestha, Himal. Fls. 93. 1978; Mukherjee & Chanda, Trans. Bose Res. Inst. 1: 7. 1978; Prance & Elias, Extinct. Forever, imp. 2, 16. 1978; Wright, Perry, Boyd, & Elsley, Compl. Book Gard. 106, 172, 372, & 386. 1978; Layzell & Horton, Biol. Abstr. 67: 1151. 1979; Milz & Rimo- ler, Zeitschr. Naturforsch. Wiesb, 346: 325. 1979; G. W. Park, Park's Springtime 1979: h. 1979; Hsiao, Fl. Taiwan 6: 121. 1980; Lauener, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 38: 483. 1980; Mold., Phy- tol, Mem. 2: 255--259, 271, 276, 277, 281—28h, 299, 300, 30h, 346, 347, 374, 378, 379, 386, 387, 460—l62, & 529. 1980; G. W, Park, Park's Springtime 1980: ). 1980; Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 2, 46. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 5: 343 & 50h (1980), hé: 5h & 505 (1980), 47: 335 & 50h (1981), and 8: 122, 123, 399, & 506. 1981; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 58. 1981; Hickey & King, 100 Fam. Flow. Pl. 346—348. 1981; Hu, Chin. Mat. Med. 182 & 218. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 27 1981; Munz & Slauson, Ind. Illust. Living Things Outside N. Am. 260 & 328. 1981; Pant, Uniyal, & Prasad, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 78: 51. 1981; Rouleau, Repert. Nom. Gen. Ind. Kew. 56 & 79. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 50: 258, 16, 17, 22, h2h, & 505 (1982) 51: 302 & 88 (1982), and 52: 11h. 1982; Weber & Wittman, Phyto- logia 51: 379. 1982. Mostly bushes, small soft-wooded shrubs or subshrubs, rarely small trees or even subherbaceous, erect or spreading to rambling or even prostrate, often very fragrant, glabrous or puberulent to incanous—tomentellous or -tomentose; branches mostly few, ascend= ing or rarely prostrate; twigs slender, round in cross-section or very obscurely tetragonal; pith relatively large, rounded, white, continuous; leaves simple, deciduous, decussate-opposite or ter- nate, exstipulate, usually glanduliferous; petioles very slender, mostly short; leaf—blades chartaceous, mostly rather small, lin- ear to ovate, marginally entire to dentate or serrate, mostly api- cally acuminate, sometimes obtuse, often minutely punctate with glistening yellow punctiform glands; inflorescence mostly axillary or running into a terminal thyrse, cymose or corymbose, the cymes opposite, few— to many-flowered, rarely l—flowered, often showy, the terminal ones sometimes forming a narrow, compound, spike—like panicle, the axillary ones shott and often sessile; bracts small to minute or even absent; flowers relatively small, short—pedicel- late or subsessile, complete, perfect, zygomorphic; calyx inferi- or, gamosepalous, campanulate, mostly subactinomorphic, usually deeply 5-lobed or 5-fid, rarely l-or 6-lobed, persistent & somewhat accrescent in fruit, the lobes lanceolate to triangular, subequal, apically acute, usually 2 anterior, 2 lateral, and 1 posterior, valvate in bud; corolla gamopetalous, tubular or infundibular to hypocrateriform, zygomorphic, mostly surpassing the calyx, usu=- ally blue, purple, or violet to rose, rarely white, cochlear in prefloration, usually 5— [rarely h-] lobed, usually bilabiate, the tube short, cylindric, equaling or surpassing the calyx—tube, the limb spreading, subequally 5-lobed or [usually] the lobes quite unequal, alternate to the calyx-lobes, the upper lip either composed of 3 or ) subequal erect lobes and the lower lip larger, spreading and incurved, or else the lower lip even larger, inner most in prefloration, concave or cucullate, 3-lobed, with the middle lobe slightly larger, patent, and usually apically crisped, emarginate, toothed, or fimbriate, sometimes entire, the 2 poster- ior lobes much shorter, equal, oblong or ovate to obovate, flat, spreading; stamens , didynamous, inserted below the middle or in the upper part of the corolla-tube, alternate with the anterior and lateral corolla-lobes, the anterior pair longer, involute in bud, exserted in anthesis; filaments separate, filiform through- out or basally thickened; anthers terminal, bilocular, subrotund, the thecae short, parallel or often basally divaricate, apically united or divergent, introrse, the connective inconspicuous; pis- til one, superior, compound, regularly bicarpellary or often [ab- normally] tricarpellary, elongate, the third carpel, when present, rolled up between the other two; style filiform, elongate, api- 28 Petey Ost ONG Sieh Vol. 52, No. 6 cally bifid, the branches short, unequal, apically stigmatiferous, the shorter one posterior, often surpassing and curving above the anthers or else shorter than the stamens (probably depending on developmental age); ovary single, superior, compound, ellipsoid or subglobose, l—lobed, externally glabrous or pubescent, imperfectly h=locular or sometime unilocular with 2 lateral parietal placentae, each 2-lamellate and 2-ovulate, or, when )-locular, each locule l= ovulate; ovules pendulous, lateral, apically attached, semi- anatropous, the chalaza superior, the micropyle inferior; fruit capsular or rarely subdrupaceous when immature with a thin fleshy pericarp, small, globose, shorter than and enclosed by the persis— tent fruiting-calyx, usually dry on maturity and with h concave valves, separating into nutlets, the valves basally dehiscent, one of each pair inwardly curved and placentiferous and marginally seed—bearing; nutlets l-seeded, dorsally compressed and with one margin alate, ventrally concave, centrally unequally carinate, with no central axial cavity present; cotyledons 2, thick, ellip= tic; radicle inferior; endosperm absent. Type species: Caryopteris mongholica Bunge. A rather small gems of about 23 accepted taxa, along with a few cultivars, native to the lower Himalayan or subhimalayan region of Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, India, and Burma, north into China and Mongolia, and east to Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Thailand. Several species are cultivated for ornament either in their origin- al form or as cultivars. Pal & Krishnamurthi (1967) comment that "Caryopteris species are natives of Kast Asia and have their widest distribution in China and Japan. In India they are fully adapted to grow in the plains and it is common to find them in the shrubberies....[They] respond favourably to sunny locations and a light, well-drained SOs The accepted generic name, Caryopteris, is derived from the Greek, karyon, a nut, and pteron, a wing, in allusion to the winged nutlets. Bentham (1876) refers to it as a genus of " or 5" spe- cies, while Clarke (1885), Durand (1888), Lriquet (1895), and Par- ker (192) give 5 as the number of species, which, they say, are all native to Mongolia, China, Japan, and the Himalaya region of India. Baillon (1891) gives "5 or 6" as the number of species, all from "central Asia and Japan"; Ohwi (1965) recognized 10 spe- cies; Sastri (1950) raised the count to 12, while Encke (1960), Airy Shaw (1973), and Hsiao (1975) recognize 15 in all. It is the type genus of Subfamily Caryopterioideae Briq., Tribe Caryopter- ideae (Schau.) Mold., and Subtribe Caryopterideae Schau. Briquet (1895) divides the genus into two sections: Section 1. Mastacanthus (Endl.) briq., with the anterior lip of the corolla ciliate-dentate or fimbriate and the anther—thecae parallel or basally slightly divergent, including what he calls C. divaricata, C, incana, C, mongholica, C. nepetaefolia, and C. ~tangutica. Section 2._ Pseudocaryopteris Briq., with the anterior lip of the corolla merely crisped and the anther—thecae apically (instead 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 29 of basally) divergent, including what he calls C. grata, C. paniculata, and C. wallichiana. Loureiro's original (1 1790) description of the synonymous genus Barbula is: "Cal. Perianthium 5—~fidum: laciniis acutis, erectis, aequalibus. Cor. Ringens, tubo calyci aequali: limbo 5-fido, laciniis lobii superioris ovatis, erectis, sub-aequalibus: labi- um inferus magnum, patens, incurvum, terminatum fimbria longa, capillari. Stam, Filamenta ), erecta, quorum 2 longiora, corollam superantia., Antherae sub-rotundae. Pist. Germen sub~rotundun, h-sulcum. Stylus 2-fidus, brevior staminibus. Stigmata simplicia. Peric. Nullum. Calyx connivens. Sem. ), sub-rotunda, nuda. Nom. Barbulam dixi a fimbria barbata labii inferiora. Char. Gener. Cor. Labium inferius magnum, fimbriatum: superius )-fidem, laciniis ovatis." The type species is Barbula sinensis Lour. [=Caryopteris incana f. candida (Schelle) Hara]. =~ The generic name, Mastacanthus, was originally proposed by End— licher in 1838 as a new name for the Barbula of Loureiro (1790) which is a homonym of the moss genus Barbula of Hedwig (1782), so its typification is the same as that given above for Loureiro's gems. Bocquillon (1863) comments that "Le genre Mastacanthus Endl. a été réuni avec raison au genre Caryopteris bBge. dont t il ne différe que par des caractéres qui sont tout au plus spécifi- ques. Nous croyons devoir { joindre le genre Clossocarya Wall. L' espéce G. mollis, ne différe du C. mongolica que par son calice plus tubuleur et pieeaae par sa corolle a gorge moins dilatée, par les divisions plus grandes de son style, caractéres qui ne tiennent qu'4 une légére modification dans la forme, et ne suffi- sent pas pour constituer un genre différent des Caryopteris." None the less, the two genera are kept separate by practically all other workers in the group and certainly habitally seem to me to be very distinct. Both Glossocarya Wall. and Caryopteris Bunge are placed with Hymenopyramis Wall., Peronema Jack, Garrettia Fletcher, and Petraeovitex Oliv. in the Tribe ae Clrwe (1885) asserts that "Though the genus is near Cleroden~ dron, two of the Indian species are easily distinguished by their Very short corolla: the third, C. Wallichiana, has the corolla- tube scarcely 1/5 in. [long]. The capsule is hardly less succu- lent than in several species of Clerodendron, nor is the incurve ing of the edges of the valves different from what occurs in that genus." Dahlgren (1938) and Junell (193) place Caryopteris in the Lami- aceae or mint family, Junell stating that "Caryopteris [ist] sehr bahe mit Amethystea verkntpft, einem einj&hrigen Kraut, das sicher eine verhaltnismassig zentrale Stellung in Ajugeae einnimmt." He says, further, that the so-called Subfamily Caryopterioideae is an unnatural group of genera and should be divided among the Viticeae of the Verbenaceae and the Ajugeae of the Lamiaceae and that both Caryopteris and Glossocarya are closely related to Amethystea, a monotypic genus inhabiting the central Asiatic area from Iran to 4,30 PHY TsO) 'O°G ive Vol. 52, Nowe Mongolia. Certainly the species of the Mastacanthus section of Caryopteris do bear a striking habital similarity to Amethystea, but the Pseudocaryopteris group of taxa do not. Bentham (1876) comments that the "Species omnes a Schauero in genus unicum junctae, etsi in typicis corollae lobus anticus fim briatus et antherarum loculi paralleli v. vix divergentes, dum in Himalaica lobus anticus corollae margine crispulus tantum et an= therarum loculi mox divaricati apice confluentes. Fructus ante maturitatem praesertim in C. grata subdrupaceus, pericarpio tenu- iter succusa, maturus tamen in valvas pyrenas auferentes dehis- cens." Meisner (1877) divides Caryopteris into three divisions: (1) Eucaryopteris — "Corolla cyanea fauce villis clausa lobis } acutis ovatis, quinto infime majore fimbriato. Antherae loculis parallelis stylusque ramis longis longe exserta, fil- amentis rectis. Folia lanceolata acuta integra" (including what he calls C. mongholica Bunge and C. wallichiana Schau. Die (2) Mastacanthus -- -“yalvae coriaceae obovoideae, profunde navicu- lares marginibus introflexis, ventre areola "previore et an- gustiore depressa instructae, quae clausa est pseudosepta longitudinaliter carinato apice adnato ceterum demum circum circa solute. Semen infra apicem pseudosepti affixum late obovoideum. Placenta et gynobasis praecedentis" (including only what he calls C. incama Mia.). (3) Phasianurus — "(ex nomine japonico, ob genitalia arcuata longe exserta). Calyx fructifer late campamlatus patens. Valvae Mastacanthi, sed crasse coriaceae, areola ventrali dimidio minore valde impressa, pseudosepto placenta et semine ut in Mastacantho sed tota caryopsis processu fili~ formi elastice cartilagineo ab ipsa basi pseudosepti ex-— eunte gynobaseos apice affixa' Gynobasis caryopsibus fere triplo brevior, constans e tuberculis conicis minutis 2, inter bases caryopsidum positas, et cruciatim cum his ex lamellis majoribus subcoriaceis 2 ovalibus, quorum margines exteriores incrassati per longitudinem fovent processus elasticos caryopsidum apicibus lamellarum insertos, margin- es interiores autem inter caryopsides inseruntur (fructus ad C. divaricatam descriptus)." Herein he includes what he calls C, divaricatus S. & Z. and C, nepetaefolia Benth. Common and vernacular names listed for the genus as a whole are "Bartblume", "Blaubart", "bluebeard", "blue mist", "blue spirea", "“caryoptére", "verbena shrub", and "yerbena—shrub" , Carleton (1959) avers that the name, "bluebeard", applies alse to Clintonia borealis, but this is not strictly true — the lat=- ter plant is known as "bluebead", from the shape and color of its mature fruit (not "bluebeard"), Bailey (1972) notes that the wood of cultivated species of Caryopteris is winter-killed when the temperature falls below 20° F. The stems and/or branches should then be cut back to stubs a few inches above the ground level in the following spring (perhaps about late March or early April in the Northern Hemisphere, depend- 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 431 ing on the region) or when basal shoots begin to appear. Blooms will then be produced on new wood in late summer. The cultivatea taxa are easy to grow as pot plants in a cool greenhouse and they are useful outdoors in a border as well (for the low-growing taxa) or in background shrubberies (for the taller svecies), but there require a well-drained, light, sandy-loam soil in a sunny position. They may be propagated by seeds or cuttings (the latter only in the case of forms and cultivars). In the United States they are hardy in Life Zone 7, root-hardy in Zone 3, and top—hardy to Zone 6. In the New York City area they usually bloom from August to frost. Mostly they are useful also as beeeplants for apiarists. Cuttings made from young growth root easily in sand in summer and early autumn. In 195) 2—3=foot plants sold for $2.75 each in the U.S.A.; in 1961 18-inch 2-year—old plants were selling for $1.5 each or 10 for $12. Gibbs (197) reports tannins and cyanogenesis absent in the genus, while leucoanthocyanin is "doubtfully present". DeWit (1967) tells us that the genus is reported to be "useful" as an aphrodisiac. Some species are used in India and elsewhere to form hedges or as ornamental garden plants, as personally ob— served by my wife and myself in New Delhi. Erdtman (195) has described the pollen morphology of ten spe= cies. He notes that its characters suggest the genus Amethystea and that both genera rightfully belong in the Verbenaceae. He maintains that Amethystea and Caryopteris should not be placed in the Lamiaceae, as was recommended by Junell (193), since to do so would "lessen the striking similarity in pollen morphology in that family". Members of the genus Caryopteris are quite often attacked by the parasitic fungi, Cercospora caryopteridis and Metasphaeria casaresiana. Schmelzer (1970) reports attacks by the cucumber mosaic virus on C. Xclandonensis Simmonds, while Schmelzer & Schmidt (1968) found alfalfa mosaic attacking C. incana (Thunb.) Miq. Jaycox (1967) reports Anthidium manicatum L., a hymenopter- on native to Europe, attacking the roots of Caryopteris at Ith- aca, New York, in 1963. Wilson & Hedden (1962) and Harlan & Jen= kins (1967) found the roots attacked by the nematede, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, producing a form of "root-knot". Control can be effected by the use of the nematocide, Cynem, at 750—~1150 ppm or 17.3 percent of DBCP (nemagon). In plots where root-knot control was good the percentage of plants which survived the following winter ranged from 50—90 percent. Where the nematode control was poor, winter-killing was severe, and survival was as low as 9 percent in untreated plots. It may be worth noting here that the Franchet & Savatier work (1875) listed in the bibliography (above) is sometimes cited as "1: 257" and "1: 260", but the items concerning Caryopteris actu- ally occur on pages 357—358 and 360. The Maximowicz (1882) ref- erence is often erroneously cited as "1881", the titlepage date, for instance by Jackson (1893) and Grubov & al. (1970), but the 432 I i ih 1 lt Pg Oe i Vol. 52, No. 6 pages here concerned were not actually issued until January 21, 1882. Similarly, his 1886 work is also often cited by the title- page date of "1887", but pages 12--121 were actually issued on April 35,” 1606. The Schnitzlein reference in the bibliography (above) is also often cited by the titlepage running—date of "18),3-1870", but the verbenaceous portion was issued in 1856. Similarly, the Endlicher reference is often cited as "1836-1856" or as "1839" (for instance, by Rehder, 1942), but the actual date of issuance of the pages here involved is 1838. Diels (1902) cites Maximowicz's M6l. Biol. 9: 828—830 reference as "1876", but the actual date of publication was 1877. The Angely (1971) work is often incorrectly cited as "1970". Bocquillon (1862) cites the Roxburgh, Hortus Bengalensis work as "Hamilton in Hoxb. Hort. Beng." The W. L. Hunt s.n. [8/17/36], distributed as Caryopteris sp., actually represents a species of Buddleia in the Loganiaceae. A list of Excluded Species: Caryopteris esquirolii Léveillé, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 9: Luo. 1911 = Pogostemon glaber Benth., Lamiaceae. Caryopteris fluminis Léveillé, Sert. Yunnan 3. 1916 = Colquhounia seguini Vaniot, Lamiaceae. Caryopteris glossocarya Boca. in Baill., Adansonia, ser. 1, 2: lll, pl. 19. 1862; Rev. Verbénac. 111, pl. 19. 1863 = Glossocarya mollis Wall. Caryopteris mairei Léveillé, Sert. Yunnan 3. 1916; Cat. Pl. Yun- nan 277 & 298. 1917 = Teucrium palmatum Benth., Lamiaceae. Caryopteris ? ningpoensis Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26: 264—265. 1390 = Elsholtzia sp., Lamiaceae. Caryopteris parvifolia Batalin, Act. Hort. Petrop. 13: 98. 1893 = Plectranthus parvifolius (Batalin) W. A. Talbot, Lamiaceae. Caryopteris serratum (L.) Moon ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 379, in syn. 1980 = Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon Plei (1932), in his excellent monograph of the Verbenaceae of China, gives the following key to the taxa of Caryopteris recog- nized by him: 1. Inflorescence without bracts or bracteoles, in many-flowered cymes; the lower corolla-lobe toothed or fimbriate; leaves usually mealy-white beneath. 2. Leaves entire, linear or ovate-oblong. 3. Ovary glabrous; lower corolla-lobe strongly fimbriate.... C. mongholica, 3a, Ovary pubescent; lower corolla-lobe toothed or shortly fimbriate. 4. Leaves linear, glutinous, with black veins beneath; corolla purpliish=biMe:.). .c16 «se slscle sie seeee.Ce glutinosa. la. Leaves ovate-oblong, not glutinous, without black veins beneath; corolla greenish=yellow.........C. forrestii. 2a. Leaves serrate or lobed, lanceolate-ovate. rh 5. Ovary glabrous. 6. Leaves serrate, ovate, basally subcordate or truncate to 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 433 rotundate; corolla-lobes with long villous hairs...... C. trichosphaera . 6a. Leaves lobed, lanceolate, basally cuneate to rotundate; corolla-lobes appressed-villous........-.C. tangutica. Sa. Ovary PUDESCENL. occ ses ccccececcccecceccececseece incana,. la. Inflorescence with bracts and bracteoles, in 1- to many~ flowered cymes and panicles; lower corolla-lobe entire; leaves usually green on both surfaces. 7. Inflorescence cymose, usually ——few-flowered, axillary or subterminal. 8. Plants creeping; flowers showy, usually solitary in the leaf-axils; corolla—tube usually mm. long........++.. C. nepetaefolia. 8a. Plants erect; flowers usually in few-flowered cymes; corolla-tube usually 9 mm. long.........eC. terniflora. 7a. Inflorescence paniculate, usually many-flowered, axillary or terminal. 9. Inflorescence in axillary panicles, reddish.C. paniculata. 9a. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal, not reddish. 10. Calyx 5-toothed, the teeth short, not over 1 mm. long; leaf-base more or less cordate; corolla white. 11. Branches and inflorescence villous.... C. divaricata. lla. Branches and inflorescence hirsute and glandular.... C. siccanea. 10a. Calyx 6-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, ) mm. long, 1—3+ ridged; leaf-base cuneate; corolla bluish-violet...... C. odorata. A tentative artificial key to the taxa herein accepted by me: 1. Cymes many= or very many-flowered. 2. Inflorescences all axillary, sessile or subsessile, dis- tinctly subracemose.......... Jodoao soc acHe --C. paniculata. 2a. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, definitely cymose, not racemiform. 3. Lower corolla-lip apically trifid, emarginate, or entire. h. Lower corolla-lip apically emarginate; cymes strictly cixolOl Uli clIsVieyatatolo/o/ al elsieieleisielslolelelotalsictolelelsloteialelelulsielelsta cial Tia Uae 4a. Lower corolla-lip apically trifid or entire, net emar- ginate; cymes axillary and/or terminal. 5. Lower corolla-lip apically trifid.........C. forrestii. Sa. Lower corolla-lip apically entire. 6. Cymes dense, usually forming a congested, narrow, terminal thyrse; leaf—blades lanceolate, marginally serrate to the mid-point or entire. 7. Corolla blue, purple, lilac, or lavender. 8. Leaf-blades marginally serrate.......C. odorata. 8a. Leaf-blades marginally entire.C. odorata f. ine ~~ _‘tegrifolia. Ja. Corolla white.........e..c. odorata f. albiflora. 6a. Cymes loose, wide-spreading; leaf-blades rather broadly ovate (when mature), often serrate almost to the base. 3h P HyY) TO. 1° 0.G. TA Vol. 52, No. 6 9. Cymes mostly axillary or, if terminal, small and merging into the penultimate axillary ones; leaf— blade serration coarse and uneven; native to China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. 10. Stems, branches, peduncles, and pedicels glabrous or only sparsely pilose; leaf=blades sparsely pu~ bescent; corolla blue or purple,...C. chosenensis. 10a. Stems, branches, peduncles, and pedicels densely glandular—hirsute; leaf=blades long-setulose on both surfaces; corolla white.........C. siccanea. 9a. Cymes both axillary and regularly forming a very large, loose, wide—spreading, terminal panicle; leaf-blade serration small and uniform; native to Nepal. 11. Mature leaf-blades to 15 cm, long and 10.5 cm. WhGGcc ee c.c coe =e sc csspccces oe sieciecin CDA Ons Tals lla. Mature leaf-blades only h—7 cm. long and 3.2— 4.5 cm. wide......C. nepalensis var. parvifolia. 3a. Lower corolla-lip apically fimbriate. 12. Leaf=blades always or usually marginally entire or only irregularly few-toothed. 13. Leaf-blades regularly entire-margined, 1h. Leaf-blades linear to linear-oblong, not glutinous nor revolute-margined; ovary glabrous.C. mongholica. lha. Leaf-blades lanceolate, glutinous, marginally revo- lute; ovary pubescent. casssu si eneetenie glutinosa. 13a. Leaf-blades often marginally toothed, the teeth few, scattered, triangular. 15. Corolla blue or bright—blue....e.0..Ce Xclandonensis. 15a. Corolla deep=blue..C. Xclandonensis cv. Heavenly Blue 12a. Leaf-blades mostly more or less toothed on the margins. 16. Leaf-margins regularly incised—dentate, the incisions antrorse, obliquely broad-based, apically bluntly sub= acute, and revolute; vein and veinlet reticulation a~ bundant, fine, conspicuously impressed above.....-cees C. incana var. szechuanensis. 16a. Leaf-surface and leaf-margin not as described above. 17. Leaf-blades very narrow, to 3 mm. wide, linear to linear-lanceolate........C. mongholica var. serrata. 17a. Leaf-blades not as described above, mostly ovate or ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, mostly 12——-30 mm. wide. 18. Corolla white....ecseccceeseeec. incana f. candida. 18a. Corolla not white. 19. Plants erect in growth. 20. Upper corolla~lobes densely long—villous....... C, trichosphaera, 20a. Upper corolla-lobes not long-villous. 21. Corolla blue or violet-blue; growth compact; plants very hardy, 2—3 feet tall; inflores- cence scattered. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 35 22. Petioles 2.5-~3 cm. long; leaf—blades 8.5—9 em. long and ).5——-5 cm, Wide....seccveeeseees : C. incana f. macrophylla. 22a. Petioles only O.l--1.2 cm. long; leaf—blades 2—8 cm. long and 1,2——3 cm. wide... C. incana. 21a. Corolla pink; growth more rampant; plants less hardy, 5--6 feet tall, very free-flowering, the long branches completely covered with inflores-— VENCES oeescccrccccccevecessce incana f. superba, 19a. Plants dwarf, prostrate or ascending....se.s-.-eeoee C. incana f. nana. la. Cymes only 1=-3= or few-flowered; leaf=baldes ovate; corolla- lobes all entire. 23. Peduncles 3} or few-flowered; calyx-lobes lanceolate and apically acuminate; corolla-tube usually 9 mm. long; plants EU Unics en sees sc sunccsscoveccccecnwscemeanats LOCATE LOTA. 23a. Peduncles mostly 1-flowered; calyx-lobes evate, apically acute; corolla—tube usually only ) mm. long; plants creep~ BE is isle cic s.s 0 cencsseaccr coscecscscse= sere NEPEUAOTOLIGe Some botanists, like Maximowicz (1886), P'ei (1932), and others, prefer to regard C. tangutica as a valid species, and then separate it from its most closely related species as fol- lows: 1. Calyx 5-fid; leaf-blades ovate-oblong, coarsely serrate; ov- Stevo ADTOWUS|<.0\alejele'« oie, «)010/00) - cc ecececsccccecsescoe Geo incana. la. Calyx only 5-dentate; leaf=blades lanceolate or linear= lanceolate; ovary pubescent. 2. Leaf=blades linear~lanceolate, marginally entire or sparsely serrate; lower corolla-lin fringes 2— or #-fid,...seeceoee C. mongholica. 2a. Leaf-blades lanceolate, sparsely incised=serrate; lower corolla-lip fringes simple.........s.eeeseseeeeCe tangutica. CARYOPTERIS CHOSENENSIS Mold., Phytologia 51: 302. 1982. Synonymy: Clerodendron divaricatum Sieb. & Zucc., Abhandl. Ak~ ad. Wiss. Muench. Math.—Phys. lh (3) [Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2]: 15h. 1846 [not Clerodendrum divaricatum Jack, 1820]. Caryopteris divaricata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim., bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.- Pétersb. 23: 390. 1877. Caryonteris divaricata S. Z. apud Maxinm., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 23: 390. 1877. Cariopteris divaricata Maxim. apud Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 6: 111. 1883. Caryopteris divaricata Maxim. apud Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26: 263. 1890. Microtaena ? coreana Léveillé, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 9: 223. 1911. Cary opters divaricata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. ex P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 179, sphalm. 1932, Caryopteris coreana (Léveillé) Honda, Siebold=Kenkyu 579. 1938. Caryopteris coreana Honda ex Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 22, in syn. 1971. Bibliography: Sieb. & Zucc., Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Muench. Math.~- 136 PHY) T..0.L OsG TA Vol. 52, No.6 Phys. (3) [Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2]: 154. 1846; Miaq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.=-Bat. 2: 99. 1865; Miq., Prol. Fl. Jap. 31. 1865; Max im., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 31: 87. 1866; Maxim., Mél. Biol. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 12: 522. 1866; Franch & Savat., Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 360. 1875; Iinuma, Somoku Dzusetsu, ed. 1, 11: pl. 38. 1875; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci, St.—P4tersb. 23 [Diagn. Pl. Nov. Asiat. Dec. 1]: 389 & 390. 18773 Maxim., Mél. Biol, Acad. Imp. Sci. St.=Pétersb. 9: 829 & 830. 1877; Maxim., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 54: 1. 1879; Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2; 6: 111: 18833 Franch., Pl. David., imp, 1.) 2. epee eoee Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. Fl. Sin. 2): 263. 1890; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind, Kew., imp. 1, 1: 47. 1893; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, h (3a): 178. 1895; Diels, Fl. Cent.~China 550. 1902; Schelle in Beissner, Schelle, & Zabel, Handb. Launholz—Benen. 26. 1903; Léveillé, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 9: 223. 1911; Nakai, Fl. Korea 2: 137. 19113; C.K. Schneid., Illust. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 596. 1911; Makine, Somoku Dzusetsu [Iconogr. Pl. Nipp.], ed. 2, 11: pl. 38. 1912; Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 530-~531. 1912; Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 347. 1913; Makino, Somoku Dzusetsu [Iconogr. Pl. Nipp.], ed. 3, 11: pl. 38. 1917; Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 205. 1921; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 228. 192k; Makino, Illust. Fl. Jap. [216]. 192i; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 2: 82 & 238. 1930; Ptei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 163, 16h, & 178-180. 1932; Makino, Gensyoku Yagai=shokubutu [Nature—Col. Wild Pl.] 3: 201. 1933; Terasaki, Nippon Shokubutsu Zufu [Jap. Bot. Illust. Album] fig. 155. 1933; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdgd. ed., 1389. 1933; Crevost & Pételot, Bull. Econ. Indo—chine 37: 1296. 193h3 Hand.=Mazz., Act. Hort. Gotob. 9: 69. 1933; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 (4): 115, 116, 118120, & 131, fig. 182. 193k; Hara, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: 52. 1937; Dahlgren, Svensk Bot. Ridsk. 32: 231. 1938; Honda, Siebold—Kenkyu 579. 1938; Makino, Illust. Fl. Nipp. 185, fig. 553. 1940; Terasaki, Nippon Shokubutsu Zufu [Jap. Bot. Illust. Album], ed. 2, fig. 553. 190; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 190. 191; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 56, 58, 71, & 87. 1942; Erdtman, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 39: 282— 28h, fig. 6. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp, 2, 1: 447. 19463; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Supol. 1: h. 1973 Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., imp. 1, 1: 186. 198; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 131, 13h, 157, & 178. 1949; Bean in Chittenden, Roy, Hort. Sec. Dict, Gard. 1: 05. 1956; Ikuse, Pol- len Grains Jap. 128. 1956; Iljin, Acad. Sci. Bot. Inst. Dept. Repr. Mat. Hist. Fl. Veg. USSR. 3: 216. 1958; Hara, Outline Phy- togeogr. Jap. 7. 1959; Hay, Gard, Chron. 145: 11. 1959; Mold., Résumé 168, 171, 172, 21h, 2h9, 250, 262, 320, & LS. 19593; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: lh7. 1960; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.: 592. 1962; Wu, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 10: 56. 1965; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 12: 7 (1965) and 13: 5. 1966; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 766. 1965; Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. 172: 108 & 118. 1968; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 83 & 85. 1970; Franch., Pl. David., imp. 2, 1: 231. 1970; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 437 287, 307-309, 356, h22, 423, & 43 (1971) and 2: 572 & 856. 197]; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., imp. 2, 1: 186. 1972; Farnsworth, Phar~ macog. Titles 8 (7): iii & 56h. 1973; Hosozawa & al., Phytochen. 12: 1833—183). 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 57 (5): BeAS.I.C. EUS. 197k; El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197k; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (3): v (197) and 9 (8): ii. 197h3 "N. F. Ge", Biol. Abstr. 57: 2962. 197); Hosozawa & al., Phytochem. 13: 1019—— 1020. 197h3 Hosozawa & al., Tetrahed. Let. 3: 3753—375h. 197h3 Asher, Guide Bot. Period. 1: 608. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 464. 1975; Mierow & Shrestha, Himal. Fls. 93. 1978; Lauener, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard, Edinb. 38: )83. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 276, 299, 300, 346, & 52h. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 258 (1982) and 51: 302. 1982. Illustrations: Iinuma, Somoku Dzusetsu, ed. 1, 11: pl. 38. 1875; Makino, Somoku Dzusetsu [Iconogr. Pl. Nipp.], ed. 2, ll: pl. ao Glen) sand ed. 3, ll: pl. 38. 1917; Makino, Illust. Fl. Jap. {216]. 192); Makino, Gensyoku Yagai-shokubutu [Nature-—Col. Wild Pl.) 3: 201. 1933; Terasaki, Nippon Shokubutsu Zufu [Jap. Bot. Il- lust. Album] fig. 1455. 1933; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdgd. ed., 1389. 1933; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 (4): 119, fig. 182. 193h3 Makino, Illust. Fl. Nipo. 185, fig. 553. 1940; Terasaki, Nipvon Shokubutsu Zufu [Jap. Bot. Illust. Album], ed. 2, fig. 553. 190; Erdtman, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 39: 282, fig. 6. 195; Hay, Gard. Chron. 145: 11. 1959; Meirow & Shrestha, Himal. Fls. 93 (in col- or). 1978. An ill=scented, green, glabrous or thinly pubescent, hardy, perennial herb or subshrub, o.--1.8 m. tall; stems tetragonal, green, branched, glabrous; branches divaricate, tetragonal, glabe rous or sparsely pubescent; leaves decussate=opposite, strongly scented, the lower ones petiolate, the upner ones subsessile; lower petioles to 2 cm. long, upper ones to 3 mm. long, pubescent, sometimes alate; leaf-blades membranous, green, ovate to broadly ovate (lower ones) of lanceolate to oblong (upper ones), [2.5—] 4-15 cm. long, li--8 cm. wide, apically short-acuminate, margin~- ally coarsely and obtusely or acutely dentate or serrate, basal-— ly shallowly cordate to rounded (lower ones) or attenuate (upper ones), sparsely pubescent on both surfaces; secondaries usually 5 per side; inflorescence very laxly paniculate, the cymes axil- lary in the uppermost leaf-axils or subterminal, loosely few flowered or many-flowered, divaricate, dichotomous or usually twice trifid and 3——-7-flowered, bracteate; peduncles long, slen- der, about 5.5 cm. long, sparsely pubescent or often scattered glandular—-vilose; pedicels filiform, 6--8 mm. long, often scat-~ tered glandular—pilose; calyx obconic or cupuliform, 2——3 mm. long, externally sparsely pubescent, internally zlabrous, the rim subtruncate or very shortly and minutely 5—dentate, the teeth very small, deltoid, about 0.6 mm. long, apically acute; corolla blue-purple or light—blue to "blue-white", about 1.5 cm. long, externally pubescent, the tube broadly or narrowly cylindric, 8~- 13 mm. long, slightly exserted from the calyx, internally sparse- ly pubescent, the limb oblique, the lobes marginally entire. [to be continued] BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "CRYPTOGAMS: Cyanobacteria, Algae, Fungi, Lichens. Textbook and Practical Guide" by Karl Esser. English Translation of the Revised Text by Michael G. Hackston & John Webster, xi & 610 pp. and 20) b/w fig. & photo. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1982. 7.50. The original German edition of 1976, "Kryptogamen", from Springer Verlag is now probably the most povular and best prepared text on this part of botany for both the instructors! guidance and the students' growth in scientific content, methods and skills. Consequently it is fortunate to welcome to the English-language colleges and universities the world over this revised translation as either an excellent main text or, more likely, in the United States, a supplementary one. Intentionally neither one of the more recently presented classifications nor a contrasting (and assuredly confusing) medley of recent taxonomic reclassifica- tions has been included. Lapse of some more time will permit a honing of the prospects for this, when the students will be more ready, too. The laboratory sessions and preparation methods are as detailedly presented as is the theoretical section. Color transparencies of most figures are available from V—Dia Verlag in Heidelberg. "COMETS: Vagabonds of Space" by David A. Seargent, xviii & 23h pp., 15 b/w vhoto. pl. & 13 fig. Doubleday & Company, Inc., Gar- den City, New York 11530. 1982. #15.95. This book is directed to the amateur astronomer interested in comets which may be "actual portions of the original solar nebula, existing in a relatively unaltered state...[and so] the study of these objects might answer fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the sun and planets." Chapters describe the nucleus, coma and tail structure of comets, their discovery and orbits, several famous comets with a separate chapter devoted to the most famous of all - Halley's -— and its anticipated re-visit in 1985-1986. "INTRODUCTORY MYCOLOGY" Third Edition by Constantine J. Alexonou- los & Charles W. Mims, xviii & 632 pp., 37) b/w fig., 314 photo. & 21 tab. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10158. 1979. $2.75. This well-known text succeeds the popular editions of 1952 and 438 1983 Moldenke, Book reviews 439 1962. To their emphasis on morphology and taxonomy for this thorough beginning study has been added "some physiological, bio- chemical, genetic and ecological data.'t Taxonomy has been updated, out of the plant kingdom phylogeny purposely ignored, illustra- tions have been enriched with several photographs and electron micrographs. The glossary of mycological terms used is much ap= preciated because it gives derivations as well as meanings for the terms and then page references. The descriptive text is pre- sented according to taxonomic divisions and their smaller groups and considers the lichenized fungi separately. The illustrations are copious and excellent. The text is printed in easily legible type. "ETOLOGY OF SPIDERS" by Rainer F. Foelix, vii & 306 pp., 182 b/w fig. & photo. & ) tab. Harvard University Press, London & Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. 1982. $30.00. This excellent presentation "is meant....for anybody interested in biology, especially for those who already find spiders particu- lariy intriguing creatures" as well as a stimulating modern review for the already knowledgeable arachnologist. It is a fairly close translation of "Biologie der Spinnen" of 1979 with a few new para- graphs, illustrations and findings reported in more recent litera- ture that are, of course, incorporated into the fine bibliography. The introductory chapters present the near ubiquity, the function- al anatomy and the basic taxonomy for the 30,000 species in about 60 families. The other main topics considered are metabolisn, neurobiology, spider webs, locomotion and prey capture, reproduc tion, development, and ecology. The author believes that since spiders are diet generalists and typically asocial "that we must discount their ability to control pests, although together with birds and insectivorous mammals, they are certainly among the main foes of insects. Current field work studies in the U. S. north- west might produce a different conclusion. Atl spiders are car- nivorous and the many who ensnare insects with their fibroin silk use a very efficient tool that is as strong as nylon and is quickly recycled with little dependence on body proteins. "WORLD OF WILDLIFE" by Anthony & Jacqueline Nayman, 336 pp, 350 color photos, 16 relief maps. Facts on File, Inc., New York, N. ¥. 10019. 1979. $2h.95. This is a wonderfully, copiously, effectively illustrated in- troduction to the major animals, mostly mammals and birds, of the palaearctic, nearctic, neotropical, ethiopian, oriental, austral- ian, antarctic and island regions. These groups are mapped and described with fine zoological, behavioral, ecological and geo- graphical information filling up the parts of the pages that do not bear the beautiful illustrations. A book this good would be LO POHOY 20) Lb OnG ier Vol. 52, Nowe hard to forget: over a dozen years ago I first saw it from some different press. "INSECTS: Their Ways and Means of Living" by Hobert Evans Snod- grass, xi & 362 pn., 1h b/w photos & 186 fig. Dover Publi- cations, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10014. 1980 reprinting, $2.00 paperbound. This excellent book was first published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1931 about which time I read it avidly, piecing together stray accumulated facts, verifying or altering nature stories from still longer ago, and just enjoying using the author's sights and insights into this part of the natural world. Even ‘today's modernly trained entomologists, ecologists, etc. should enjoy reading this book, as well as folks just interested in their gardens, the great out-of-doors, etc. Dover first re— printed this book in 1967 unabridged except for the black/white reproduction of the twelve color plates. "SPLENDID ISOLATION: The Curious History of South American Mam- mals" by George Gaylord Simpson, ix & 266 pp., 3 b/w fig., 1h tab., & 2 maps. Yale University Press, New Haven, Con— necticut 06520. 1980. $#17.50. This professionally respected author states that "any liter- ate adult with a real interest in South America, in animals, or in evolution can read this account with pleasure and profit." Of course, there is even much more in the book of both pleasure and profit for trained biologists. Both can ere follow some of the highlights of "evolution at work for tens of millions of years in the history of South American mammals, and here it turns out that we have been orovided with an almost ideal natural ex- periment.” "At present the most probable hypothesis is that marsupials spread between Soutn America and Australia in one di= rection or the other by way of Antarctica." Anropos SCIENCE 213, p. 284, reports an extinct marsupial fossil in the rocks on Seymour Island that "strengthen[s] proposals that Australian narsupials perhaps originated from South American species that dispersed across Antarctica when Australia still was attached to it." "One of the most extraordinary events in the whole his= tory of life [is] the mingling of advanced ijorth and South American mammals, their interactions, their integration into faunas of different compositions, and finally the establishment of the present faunas of the two continents" -- the Great Ameri- can Interchange. I hope that these few quoted highlights let the author speak favorably for this excellent book. / PHY TOLOGIA ‘ An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication ~~ Vol. 52 March 1983 No. 7 FIFTIETH JUBILEE YEAR CONTENTS _ SMITH, L. B., & WASSHAUSEN, D. C., Notes on x err COC Doi.) Nan ctaia seiko nas vee iele slot ooel cial 441 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Caryopteris Me THCRACEAE). Wis i505 82 Cs eo LCE ees De eas 452 ~ TURNER, B. L., A new species of Critonia (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae) BARI OUZE sf 2, Me ale We ie ee Ae eae Lees 49] TURNER, B. L., A new species of Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) from wear El Salto. Durango, Mexico’ irk Vol. 52, No. 7 Plate 4 xMuseum botanicum Berolinense ) oie hes aps ty gas Begonia hispidissima Zippal ex Koorders 1983 Smith & Wasshausen, Begoniaceae 451 Plate 5 \ExMuseum botanicum Berolinense Begonia koordersii Warburg ex L. B. Smith & D. C. Wasshausen ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS CARYOPTERIS (VERBENACEAE). I Harold N, Moldenke CARYOPTERIS Bunge Additional & emended bibliography: Iwasuki, Honzo-zufu, ed. 1, 20: fol. 1h recto. 1838; Itima, Somoku~Dzusetsu, ed. 1, 11: pl. 0. 1861; Hance, Journ, Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 8: 1. 1885; Henriq., Bol, Soc. Brot. 3: 14. 1885; Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 550. 1900; Van., Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1h: 171—172. 1903 C. K. Schneid., Illust, Handb, Laubholzk. 2: pl. 382, fig. m—o. 1911; Dunn, Notes Rey. Bot. Gard, Edinb. 8: 15h. 1913; Makino, Somoku= Dzusetsu, ed. 3, kh: pl. 38. 1913; Matsum., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27: 27h, 1913; W. W. Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 1819. 1917; Shirai& Okmuna, Honzo-zufu, ed. 2, 20: fol. 1h, 1916-21; Breslau, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih,. 12: 75. 1922; Chung, Mem, Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 228—-229, 192k; Rehd., Journ. Arnold Arb. 15: 326. 1933; Mold., Phytologia 52: 15-37. 1983. CARYOPTERIS CHOSENENSIS Mold. Additional & emended bibliography: Iwasuki, Honzo—zufu, ed,l, 20: fol. 1h recto. 1838; Ittma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 1, 11: pl. LO. 1861; Makino, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, h: pl. 38. 1913; Shirai & Okmuna, Honzo-zufu, ed. 2, 20: fol. 14 recto. 19]6=21; W. W. Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 18. 1917; Mold., Phytologia 52: 428, 30, 433, & h3h. 1983. Additional & empnded illustrations: Iwasuki, Honzomzufu, ed. 1, 20: fol. 14 recto. 1838; Itfma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 1, ll: pl. }0. 1861; Makino, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 4: pl. 38. 19133; Shirai & Okmuna, Honzowzufu, ed. 2, 20: fol. 14 recto (in color). 1916=21. Continued description: Corolla—lobes } small and obovate, l==5 mm. long, the 5th larger, subcordate, reflexed, slightly longer than the tube; stamens , didymous, 3—3.5 cm. long, long~exserted, arcuately incurved; filaments 33.5 cm. long, basally slightly puberulous or pubescent; anther thecae horizontally divaricate; pollen grains triporate, oblate spheroidal or subprolate; style 3—3.5 cm, long or longer, long-exserted, usually equaling the stamens, apically bifid, the stigmatic branches rather long and acuminate; ovary obscurely =lobed, apiculate, externally glab- rous or glandular~pubescent; fruiting-calyx 5-6 mm, long; fruit about 7.5 mm, wide, externally glandular~pubescent, on maturity splitting into ) pyrenes; nutlets , obovoid, )—l.5 mm. long, externally net-veined and glanular~punctate, very similar to those seen in the Lamiaceae, This species is based on an unnumbered Siebold collection from somewhere in Japan, deposited in the Munich herbarium, The origin- al description reads: "Cl. ramis tetragonis glabris, foliis infer~ ioribus petiolatis e basi rotundata ovatis superioribus subsessil= ibus basi attenuatis lanceolatis, omnibus acutis grosse serratoe 452 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 453 dentatis glabris, cymis axillaribus divaricatis dichotomis pauci~ floris paniculatam laxissimam efficientibus, calycis cupularis laciniis brevissimis late deltoideis acutis, corollae tubo angus= te cylindrico, staminibus longe exsertis, antherarum loculis di~- varicatis. Folia pollicaria vel sesquipollicaria, et inferiorum petioli 6—10'" longi. Cymae axillares divaricatae bis trifidae 3—7—florae; pedicelli filiformes 3—"' longi. Corollae tubus gsemipollicaris. Antherae locula horizontaliter divergentia." Recent collectors have found this plant growing in forests and at their edges, at 001300 m. altitude, in flower in August and September. Vernacular’ names reported for the species are "gio", "hokakeso", “kaniganes6", “karigane=so", "kariganeso", "karigane s6", "spar= rige.Bartblume", and "“yama dori s6". Although almost uniformly listed and identified in herbaria as Caryopteris divaricata, this name is invalid because it is based on Clerodendron divaricatum Sieb. & Zucc. (1846), which, in turn, is invalid because it is a later homonym of the earlier validly published Clerodendrum divaricatum Jack (1820). The only other name proposed, Caryopteris coreana (Léveillé) Hara, cannot be used either because it is based on "Microtaena? coreana", a name not unequivocally accepted by its author, Léveillé, at the time of publication and therefore invalid. It is based on Faurie 752 from Mt, Nanesan, Seoul, Korea, collected on September 23, 1901, abd deposited in the Edinburgh herbarium. Briquet (1895) classifies this species in his Section Masta~ canthus (Endl.) Briq. and regarded it as endemic to Japan, an assumption shared also by Jackson (1893) and Bean (1956). Ohwi (1965) reports it as inhabiting woods on mountainsides on the Japanese islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyusho, as well as in Korea and China, A longitudinal section of an owle is illustrated by Junell (1934) on the basis of a specimen cultivated at Uppsala, Sweden, and H. Smith 7763 from China. He indicates a placentation simi-~ lar to that seen in the lamiaceous genus Amethystea. He asserts that "Von diesen beiden Typen [as seen in C. grata, C. panicula~ ta, C, incana, and C. tangutica] weichen die Frtfchte von C. di- vacate Perk ab. Bei dieser Art haften die Teilfrttchte nur ganz wenig an der Basis aneinander und ktnnen leicht von einander getrenny werden. Die von dem becherftrmigen Kelch umgebene Frucht ist somit stark lobiert und gleich augenscheinlich voll= kommen einer typischen Labiatenfrucht. Der Unterschied von den vorhergehenden Typen ist ja nicht prinzipiell, sondern liegen die Verschiedenheiten haups&chtlich darin, wie gross die Fl&che ist, mit der die einzelnen Teilfrtfchte aneinander gr&nzen. Bei C. divaricata wird jeder Teilfrucht in grtsserem Ausmaas von der Aussenwandung des Gyn&%ceums umgeben als bei den tfbrigen Ar— ten, wo die Scheidewuinde zwischen den einzelnen F&chern des Fruchtknotens einen griésseren Teil der Fruchtwandung bilden, Dieser Wandung erh#1t auch verschiedene Ausbildung: bei C. diw varicata ist sie m&chtiger als bei C. incana and C. tangutica." ish Pb Yo Tr O tL Gut & Vol. 52, No. 7 He concludes that "Bei einer eingehenden Bearbeitung dieser Gattung [Caryopteris] wird C. divaricata sicher nicht in dieselbe Gattung aufgekommen werden wie die Arten von C. incana-Typus ." Erdtman (195) agrees because of the "triporate, oblate spheroidal to subprolate [pollen] grains of about the same size and sculptur= ing as in the grains of C. nepetaefolia [which, however, has tri= colpate grains], although the ektexine is comparatively much thicker. The triporate condition is a striking feature which," he avers, "lends support to Junell's conclusion." Dahlgren (1938) also classifies it in the Lamiaceae, Bailey (1935) lists only Floraire in Geneva, Switzerland, as a source of seeds of this species for the horticultural trade. Diels (1902) cites the Maximowicz reference in Mélang. Biol. as "1876", but actually the page here involved was not published until 1877. Some authors (e.g., Pritzel) date the Siebold & Zuc= carini (186) reference as "1843", others as "18h or 185" or even as "187". Some cite it as "Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 523", but the "523" is a species number, not a page number. P'ei (1932) misdates the Miquel (1865) publication as "1856" and the Diels (1902) reference in the bibliography as "1900" and erroneously cites the Maximowicz (1876) reference as volume "22", Crevost & Pételot (193) report that in China a decoction of the leaves of C. chosenensis is used in the treatment of beri= beri — “elles ont, en outre, la réputation d'eclaircir des urines et de rendre la we plus claire." Horses are said to be very fond of devouring the leaves. Hosozawa and his associates (1973) have isolated 3 new insect antifeeding diterpenoids -- caryoptin, dihydrocaryoptin, and caryoptin hemiacetal -—~ from C. chosenensis. Diels (1913) cites Forrest 7h, while Forbes & Hemsley (1890) cite Forbes s.n. from Kiangsi, "Henry s.n. from Hupeh, and Gottsche s.n. from Korea. Franchet & Savatier (1875) assert that the spe= cies grows rather frequently "in scrobibus, secus vias" in cent— ral Japan about Yokoska, citing Buerger s.n., Savatier 923, and Siebold s.n. They also cite as illustrations: "Phonzo zoufou, vol, 20, fol. 14 recto, sub: Yama dori sé (Icon. rudiss dubia). — S6 mokou Zoussetz, vol. 11, fol. 0, sub: Karigane 86." Handel~Mazzetti (193) cites Smith 6597 & 7763 from Shansi. P'ei (1932) cites Henry 7319 & 2h2h1 and Wilson on 22h from Hupeh. Maximowicz (1886) cites unnumbered collections of Bu Buerger, Gottsche, Savatier, Siebold, and Tanaki and lists the Japanese vernacular name, “kari-gane=s65" from "soo bokf 11: 0". aa SE eee, oe Material of C. chosenensis has been misidentified and distribu= ted in some herbaria as C. mastacanthus Schau., Clerodendron sp., and Plectranthus japonicus Koidz. Citations: CHINA: Hupeh: E. H, Wilson 22) (N, W—597005). Kwangtung: Shang 25 [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. Tl. 1h0¢5] (A). Shansis H, Smith 6597 (S), » 1763 (S). KOREA: Imcho 9573 (Mi). KOREAN 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris hss COASTAL ISLANDS: Quelpart: In=cho 3817 (Mi). JAPAN: Hokkaido: W. P. Brooks 275 (Ca-~365511), son. [22/8/1881] (Ca--368353, N= photo); Maximowicz s.n. [Hokodate, 1861] (Br, S, W~75973); Toku~ buchi s.n. [Sept. 12, 1890] (N). Honshu: Collector undetermined 367 367 (W—7)538), s.n. pein gS 19 Sept. 1910] (W==11. 33038), gn. Pita md [28 August 19L8) (Ld); Makino 36904 (S), sen. noes ace Sept. 189] (Bl-=:2207); J. Matsumra sen. (Tokio, June 30, 1879] (W—1l7607) ; Y. Matsumura 1668 (N)3 Murata 19992 (N, W-—268617); Ohwi son. TAug. 16, 1926] (Ba); Okuyama ama sen. (Sept. 23, 1937] (Ba); Sava- tier 923 (Br, W—7h539, W—]8 L090) , sen. [Yokoska] (W—2h97121) ; Suzuki lh3 (Ca-~928728) , sen. [Sep. 23, 23, 1950] (Se~172832); Yasu~ da s.n. [Ojika, Rikuzen, Aug. 28, 1903] (Br). Jesso: Albrecht _ Son. 1. (C). Shikoku: Tagawa 5265 (Ws) « Island undetermined: Herb. Lugd.-Bat. s.n. [Japonia, 1865] (M, S); Hogg s.n. (C); Rein Lo (Mu—1739); Sie Bisbold s.n. (Mu—780—type, “Mu—781—isotype, Mu— 782——isotype). CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Bot. Staatssamml. Minch. s.n. eas Maryland: B. Y. Morrison s.n SMe [Exper. Farm, Bell, Sept. 6, 1928] (Ar—-19839), Massachusetts: Blazic SMe ie: 19, 1922] (Gg—-32000). New York: Harkness s.n. [September 22, 1960] (Ba). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Itima, Ttma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 1, 11: pl. 40. 1875 (Ld); Makino, Tlust. Fl. Nipp. 185, fig. 553. 19h0 (Ld, Ld). CARYOPTERIS xCLANDONENSIS Simmonds in Chittenden, Gard, Chron., ser. 3, 9: 226 & 231, fig. 108. 1933; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, 806. 190; Turrill, Curtis Bot, Mag. 166: pl. 75. 199. Synonymy: Caryopteris clandonensis Hort. ex Mold., Annot. List 108. 1939. Caryopteris incana x mongholica Hort. ex Mold., Suppl. List Inv. Names 2, in syn. 191. Caryopteris mastacanth~ us var. clandonensis Anons, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 110 & 117, fig. 60. 1941. Caryopteris Xclandonensis "Simmonds ex Rehd." apud Turrill, Curtis Bot. Mag. 166: pl. 75. 1949. Caryopteris Xclandonensis Hort. ex E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 5. 1953. Caryopteris mastacanthus var. clandonensi Barbey, Arbor. Ornement., ed. h, 72. 1970. Caryopteris incana cv. "Heavenly Blue" Speta, Candollea 32: 155. 1977. Bibliography: Chittenden, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 9h: 226 & 231, fig. 108. 1933; Chittenden, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 59: 301 & Proc. exxviii. 193); Hillier, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 61: 107. 1936; Chittenden, Journ, Roy. Hert. Soc. 61: Proc. cxxxiii & clv. 19%; Chittenden, Ornam. Flow, Trees Shrubs 145. 1938; Mold., Annot. List 108. 1939; Rehd., Man, Cult. Trees, ed. 2, 806 & 933. 19)0; Anon,, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 110: 110 & 117, fig. 60. 191; Do= ney, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec. 30: 23. 191; A. D. Hall, Journ, Roy. Hort. Soc. 66: 55 & Proc. 1xi. 191; Heydenreic, Garten= 56 PHY? O LO Gta Vol. 52, No. 7 schtnh. 22: 92. 1941; Mold., Suppl. List Inv. Names 2. 191; Wors- dell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 190. 191; A. P. Johnson, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 67: 366, fig. 120. 192; Kelsey & Dayton, Stand. Pl. Names, ed. 2, 92. 192; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 12. 192; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 71 & 87. 19h2; Higgins, Some Good Gard. Pl. 1h. 1946; "R. G.", N. Y. Times Aug= ust 28: K.23. 1949; Mold., Known Geogr, Distrib, Verbenac., ed. 2, 157 & 178. 199; Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees 586. 199; Ture rill, Curtis Bot. Mag. 166: pl. 75. 1949; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 7, 1: 365. 1950; Blackburn, Trees Shrubs East. N. Am. 108. 1952; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 5. 1953; Anon, N. Y. Herald Trib. February 21, h: 15. 195); Plaumann, Gar= tenwelt 18: 285, fig. 1. 1955; Bean in Chittenden, Roy. Hort, Soc. Dict. Gard. 1: 05. 1956; Boerner in Maatsch, Pareys Illust. Gar- tenbaulex. 1: 205. 1956; Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Suppl. 177. 1956; Wyman, Shrubs Vines Am. Gard. 121-122. 1956; Mattoon, Pl. Buyers Guide, ed. 6, 88. 1958; Mold., Am. Midl. Nat. 59: 335. 1958; Hay, Gard. Chron. 145: 11. 1959; Mold., Résumé 21h, 29, & LuS. 19593 Encke, Pareys BlumengYrtn., ed. 2, 2: 489. 1960; Kelsey Nursery Service, Short Guide Cat. 167: 25. 1961; Kelway, Seaside Gard., imp. 1, 9, 138, 169, & 201. 1962; Pearce Seeds Plants, Our Am. Wild Fls. 15. 1962; Bush=Brown, Trees Shrubs Home Landsc. 79. 1963; W. J. Cody, Ind. Sem. Canada Dept. Agr. 1963: 12. 19633 Graf, Exotica 3: 183 & 1568. 1963; Pearce, Seeds Plants 1963: 13. 1963; Pearce, New High=lights Fls. 8. 1963; Pi~ ringer, Downes, & Borthwick, Am. Journ. Bot. 50: 86—90, fig. 1 & 2. 1963; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. 1, 171 & 203, pl. 171, fig. 5 (1963) and imp. 2, 171 & 203, pl. 171, fig. 5. 196h; Kelway, Seaside Gard., imp. 2, 9, 138, 169, & 201. 1964; Lord, Shrubs Trees Austral. Gard., ed. 2, 254. 196; R. A. Ludwig, Ind. Sem. Canada Dept. Agr. 196: 7. 196; Menninger, Seaside Pl. 91. 196; Pearce Seeds Plants, Gard, Aristocrats 8. 196); Hoag, Trees Shrubs North. Plains 203, 205, & 206. 1965; Kelway, Gard. Sand 2 & 135—136. 1965; N. Taylor, Guide Gard. Shrubs Trees 335. 1965; T. C. Everett, Readers Digest Compl. Book Gard. 20. 1966; Hellyer, Shrubs in Colour 2-25 & 27. 1966; DeWit, Pl. World High. Pl. 2: 185. 1967; Glasau, Sommerer. Ziergeh. 67. 19673 Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. 169: 41. 1967; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 15: 1). 1967; Wayside Gardens, [Cat.] 1967: 137. 1967; Wils. & Bell, Fragrant Year 187. 1967; E. B. Anderson in Ander= son, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. 3, 171 & 203, pl. 171, fig. 5. 1968; Mold., Résumé Suppl, 17: 7. 1968; Sherk & Buckley, Ornament. Shrubs Canada 52. 1968; Watling, N. Zeal, Plants Gard. 7: 252. 1968; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 50 (22): S.30. 1969; L. T. Evans, Introd. Flowering 60. 1969; Fogg, Con= cise Guide Shrubs 30 & 31. 1969; Hay & Synge, Color Dict. Fls. Plants Home 187 & 188, pl. 1496 & 1497. 1969; Synge, Suppl. Dict. Gard., ed. 2, 227 & 239. 19693 Barbey, Arbor, Orement., ed. h, 72. 1970; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 8, 1: 517—= 518, pl. 30. 1970; McGourty, 1200 Trees [Plants Gard. 26 (2):] 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 457 65. 1970; Schmelzer, Phytopath. Zeit. 67: [285], 292, 293, & 32l—- 326. 1970; Aschersleben, Hort. Abstr. 1: 206. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 356 & 22 (1971) and 2: 856. 1971; E. B. Anderson in An= derson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. h, 171 & 203, pl. 171. 1972; R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. Illust. Encycl. Gard. h: 502. 1972; Crockett, Flow. Shrubs 100. 1972; Encke & Buchheim in Zander, Handwtrterb. Pflanz., ed. 10, 158. 1972; F. Perry, Flowers World 30) & 313. 1972; Skinner, Ornament. Pl. Coast. Northw. 75. 1972; Wyman, Arnoldia 32: 36. 19723 Wyman, Gard. Encycl., imp. 2, 10 & 191. 1972; Schuler, Gardn. Basic Book Trees Shrubs 23 & 312. 1973; Seabrook, Shrubs Gard., imp. 1, 39 & [145]. 1973; Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1753——-L76h. 197h3 Harkness, Seedlist Handb. hy. 197h3 Howes, Dict. Useful Pl. 48. 197k; F. Perry, Compl. Guide Plants Flowers pl. 18. 197); Kelway, Gardn. Sandy Soil 2 & 135—-136. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 46h. 1975; Seabrook, Shrubs Your Gard., imp. 2, 39 & [1h5]. 1975; Gault, Color Dict. Shrubs pl. 53. 1976; Layzell & Horton, Canad. Journ. Bot. 56: 18hl-~1851, fig. 1—1). 1978; Lord, Trees Shrubs Austral. Gard., ed. 5, 254. 1978; Wright, Perry, Boyd, & Elsley, Compl. Book Gard. 172, 372, & 386. 1978; Layzell & Horton, Biol. Abstr. 67: 1151. 1979; C. W. Park, Park's Springtime 1979: (1979) and 1980: h. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 346, 379, & 529. 1980; Munz & Slauson, Ind. Illust. Living Things Outside N. Am. 260 & 328. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 52: 3h. 1983. Illustrations: Chittenden, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 9h: 231, fig. 108. 1933; Anon., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 110: 117, fig. 60. 19h1; Heydenreic, Gartenschtnh. 22: 92, 1913 Turrill, Curtis Bot. Mag. 166: pl. 75 (in color). 1949; Anon., N. Y. Herald Trib. February 21, hs 15. 1954; Plaumann, Gartenwelt 18: 285, fig. 1. 1955; Bean in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. 1: 05. 19563 Hay, Gard. Chron. 145: 11. 1959; Encke, Pareys Blumeng&rtn., ed. 2, 2: 49. 1960; Graf, Exotica 3: 183. 1963; Piringer, Downes, & Borthwick, Am. Journ. Bot, 50: 87 & 88, fig. 1 & 2. 1963; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. 1, pl. 171, fig. 5 (in color) (1963):.and imp. 2, pl. 171, fig. 5 (in color). 1964; Pearce Seeds Plants, Gard. Aristrocrats 8. 196); Hoag, Trees Shrubs North. Plains 203 & 205. 1965; Hellyer, Shrubs Colour 2) & 27 (in color). 1966; Wayside Gardens, [Cat.] 1967: 137 (in color). 1967; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard, Fls., imp. 3, pl. 171, fig. 5 (in color). 1968; Hay & Synge, Color Dict. Fls. Plants Home 187 & 188, pl. 1496 & 1497 (in color). 1969; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 8, 1: pl. 30. 1970; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. h, pl. 171, fig. 5 (in color). 1972; R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. Illust. Encycl. Gard. h: 502 (in col= or). 19723; Crockett, Flow. Shrubs 100 (in color). 1972; Sea- brook, Shrubs Gard. 39 (in color). 1973; F. Perry, Compl. Guide Plants Flowers pl. 18. 197); Gault, Color Dict. Shrubs pl. 53 (in color). 1976; Layzell & Horton, Canad. Journ. Bot. 56: 18h7— 1850, fig. 1—1. 1978; C. W. Park, Park's Springtime 1979: 458 PEEP OLO Gol Vol. 52, No. 7 (in color) (1979) and 1980: (in color). 1980. A shrub, about 0.5—1.5 m. tall; stems slender, terete, more or less branched, the older parts brownish, the younger parts gray, with a short whitish indument which is dense on the upper parts and less so on the lower parts; principal internodes 3—5 em. long; leaves decussate~opposite; petioles 1—2 cm. long, densely puberulent; leaf~blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2.55 cm. long, apically acute, sharply short-apiculate, margin- ally rarely entire, usually with 1—4 coarse, apically acute and short=apiculate teeth per side (which are 17 mm. long), basally cuneate to subrotund, dark-green and rather densely puberulent a» bove, grayish-white and very densely matted—-tomentellous beneath, the hairs on both surfaces short; secondaries 6 or 7 per side, in= conspicuous above, rather prominent (along with the midrib) be- neath; inflorescence terminal and also axillary in the upper leaf= axils; peduncles 1—2 cm. long; cymes to about 25~flowered, not bracteate, densely puberulent; pedicels 1—l mm. long; calyx nar= row-campanulate, persistent, about mm. long and 2 mm. wide, ex ternally densely white—puberulous, internally very shortly glandu= lar-pilose, 5—lobed,' the lobes linear~lanceolate, 2 mm. long, basally 0.75 mm. wide, apically acute, with a strong midrib and lateral veins issuing almost at right angles; corolla about 8 mm, long (excluding the lower lip), blue-violet to light blue—violet on the Ridgway Color Standards chart, the tube cylindric, 6 m. long, 1.5 mm, wide, externally apically puberulent, basally glab= rous, internally with longer matted hairs 1—2 mm. below the apex, the upper and lateral lobes rounded-ovate, 2-—2.5 mm, long, 2 mm. Wide, apically short=-apiculate, the lower (abaxial) lobe cechlear, 6 mm. long, the claw 3.5 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, the lamina subrotund, about ); mm, long and wide, apically strongly fimbriate, not emarginate nor bilobed, the fringes to 2 mm, long; stamens long-exserted; filaments slender, inserted near the top of the corolla-tube, 9 mm, long, glabrous; anthers ovate~elliptic, 0.75 mn. long; style very slender, long-exserted, subequaling the sta= mens, about 12 mm. long, apically unequally bilobed, the branches 1.5 and 1.25 mm. long; stigmas very small, capitate; ovary broadly obovate, about 1 mm, long and wide, dark-brown, slightly biconvex, externally glabrous; capsule obovate, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, narrowly alate, apically rounded, eventually splitting into 4, l-seeded, deciduous, valvate nutlets which are circumferential- ly narrowly alate on the long axis, completely enclosing a single, pendulous seed attached adaxially near the apex, a central column absent; seeds pyriform, about 3.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm, wide, abax- ially rounded, adaxially with 2 rather unequal flat faces. This plant is said to have originated as a chance natural hy~ brid between plants of C. incana (Thunb.) Miq. and C. mongholica Bunge growing in the garden of Arthur Simmonds, then the Assistant Secretary of the Royal Horticultural Society (of London), at West Clandon in Surrey, England, in or about 1930 —— the Moldenke col= lection, cited below, being taken from the type plant. The date of origin of the hybrid is given variously as "1933" and "1936" by some writers (e.g., Wyman, 1956, 1972). The same binomial has la~ 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 59 ter been applied to a group of hybrids derived by artificial breeding from the same two parental species or between either one of them and C. Xclandonensis, or by selective breeding, some of agi also been given definite cultivar or trade names (see below). The original plant received an Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society at Vincent Square, London, on the basis of a specimen exhibited by A. Simmonds, Esq., of West Clandon, on September 12, 1933, and is described by Chittenden (193) as "A most ornamental late-flowering shrub....The sprays were about eighteen inches long with numerous, soft, grey-green, lanceolate leaves, some of which were entire and some coarsely toothed, The deep lavender=blue fringed flowers are produced in dense flatten=- ed, axillary cymes". In his 1933 note the same writer says that "The flowers are of a richer blue than whose of the well-known C. Mastacanthus, and the leaves are of a pleasing greyish tone above and silvery below." Turrill (1949) remarks that it "has many characters approximate~ ly intermediate between those of the parents. The leaves are longer, relative to their breadth, than are those of C. incana and broader than in C. mongholica. The marginal toothing i is like that of C. incana but is much less regular, the number of teeth varying not ; only from leaf to leaf but even on the two sides of a single leaf. Occasional leaves are entire. Leaf developments suggests hybrid vigour, especially in leaf length. The inflorescences have peduncles at least as long as or even longer than those of C. mongholica, but show the influence of C. incana in the denser ar- rangement of the flowers and hybrid vigour in the flowers being often more numerous than in either parent. Flower size is about intermediate." The original clone, now known as cv. Arthur Simmonds, is an ornamental, late summer= and autumn—flowering, rounded, small to low or mediumlow, straggly, woody bush, shrublet, or shrub, usu= ally 1836 inches tall, but occasionally to 5 feet tall under good growth conditions, of excellent form, producing 30 or more inflorescences on mostly low arching branches. The leaves are in general aspect grayish-green, at least as to their lower surface. The petioles are grayish-white. The leaf-blades are aromatic when crushed, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, apically pointed, basally rounded or broadly cuneate, marginally entire or with only a few triangular teeth, dull~green and somewhat wrinkled above, grayish or grayish-white beneath and densely covered with a close= ly appressed silvery down, The inflorescence is borne only on the new season's growth, the individual cymes being many~ (usually to about 20—) flowered, both axillary and terminal, 2.5-—-3.2 cm. wide, branched. The flowers are fragrant. The corolla is usually a lovely bright~blue (blue dauphin near 203.f.1 in the "Rep. Cou= leur"), especially the lobes, brighter blue than those of C. inca- na, S~lobed, lobes being mich smaller, the 5th (ferming the meatal or inferior lip) much larger oe conspicuously fringed at the apex. 60 PRY TOL OG sé Vol. 52, No. 7 The corollas have also been described by authors and collectors as "deep-blue", “powder—blue" [R. Bailey, Watling], and "powdery= blue". It is described as having been "blue" on Sykes sen. [2.). 1964] and "deep=blue" on Sykes 100/68. Kelsey (1961) refers to it as "clear—blue"; McGourty (1970) calls it "light—blue" and Kel-= way (1965) describes it as "violet~blue". Lord (196) emphasizes that it is "brighter blue than in C. incana". It is describes as "blue" on Dress 5336 & 5652, "deep blue—purple" on Hill 10753 (a collection with remarkably small leaves), as "azure—blue" on | on Meyer 5805 (said to represent the cv. Kew Blue), "RHS Flax Blue 60-6 0-6),0/1, the lower lip white-fringed" on Bates 211 (said to represent cv. Blue Mist), "RHS Veronica Violet 639 and lighter" on Poole 92h, and "rich Pinan by Chittenden (1933), while Zinck, on his 30-26-62 collection, notes "corolla deep—blue, plant 1 foot tall, some flowers with 2 stamens, one longer than the other", Palmer's col= lection bears a notation that it was taken from a plant obtained from Kew in 1936. Collectors have found the plant in flower from August to October. Bean (1970) asserts that "On the whole this can probably be rated as the most attractive in the genus and it is evidently quite hardy near London, flowering abundantly in September. It makes a shapely, rounded, soft-wooded bush growing 2 feet high....It sets seed freely but the seedlings are not necessarily as hardy or such good garden plants as the parent." It should be pruned back severely in spring [McGowrty says "to the ground"] to the older woed, removing only the previous season's growth. It will usuaily bloom the first year from seed. It is also sold under the names "bluebeard", "blue=spirea", "Clandon bluebeard", and "hardy blue= spirea"™. It may be distinguished from its less hardy parental species; according to Blackburn (1952), as follows: 1. Leaves less than 1 cm. wide, tapering at both endsS..ceceseeces C. mongholica. la. Leaves more than 1 cm. wide, not tapering. 2. Leaves irregularly toothed, lanceolate.....C. Xclandonensis. 2a. Leaves coarsely but Byenly toothed, ovate to oblong-ovate.. C. incana,. Horticulturally this plant is quite satisfactory in climates like that of London and New York, where it is perfectly winter hardy and usually does not die down to the ground level. It is certainly hardier there than either of its two parental species. Summer— and autumn—flowering shrubs are scarce and so are dwarf~= growing ones no matter at what season of the year they bloom. The Clandon bluebeard usually grows to a height of only 11/2 or 2 feet, but under perfect conditions may attain to 5 feet. The correct way to cultivate it is to cut back the branches in the early spring to leave a well-spaced crown about a foot or 18 inches high, depending on how far back it has winter~killed, and about equally wide. Such a plant will probably add 1 1/2 to 2” feet in new growth that season. Normally it will blossom already during the first season. Since the flowers are produced only on the new growth, drastic pruning the 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 461 following season not only does not interfere with the floral dis= play, but actually enhances it. In August and September, in most localities, the plants will exhibit a mass of bright blue flowers and will provide a delightful show when probably few other plants will be in bloom. Each late autumn a manure mulch should be in= troduced around the individual plants and the next spring this material should be cultivated into the soil. This hybrid is best suited for planting, spaced 2-3 feet apart, in a perennial border or in front of larger=growing species of shrubs. It should always have a well=drained soil in a sunny situ=- ation. Transplanting does not require any more care than is nor= mally demanded by other shrubs. Branches that touch the ground will easily take roet there within one grewing season and so will provide an opportunity easily to secure more plants with exactly the same characters. Planting in the spring after the danger of a late frost is past is best. Propagation by seed, while also very easy, is less to be recommended since it may result in plants with characters differing from the ones desired. The plant seems te enjey considerable immunity from attack by ordinary garden insect pests, although Schmelzer (1970) reports that it is attacked by the cucumber mosaic virus. Gibbs (1970) has found syringin ab- sent from its leaves. Bush=Brown (1963) claims that the best of the hybrids are Blue Mist "which has powdery blue flowers from August until frost" and Heavenly Blue “with deep blue flowers in autumn". Watling (1968) asserts that the plant produces "spikes [really they are cymes] of powder blue in summer [in New Zealand].....seed heads [fruiting cymes] are delicate in dried arrangements." The hybrid binomial is often written without the "X" hybrid designation as though the plant were a true natural species [e.g., by Schmelzer, 1970, 1971, Wyman, 1956, 1972, 1976, Gibbs, 197L, Pearce, 1963]. Pearce, in 1962196, offered seeds at 25 cents a packet; in 1980 plants were selling at $6.50 each or 3 for $18. Mattoon (1958) lists 15 sources from which seeds or plants could be purchased in the horticultural trade. Seabrook again asserts that the plants of C, Xclandonensis, no matter which clone or cultivar, should be pruned back hard in the period from February to April by cutting off the winter~killed last-season's wood to about 5 cm. from the older wood. He asserts that "A mixed shrub border is the perfect setting for this plant. Groups should be sited to the front of such borders, where the low-growing habit can be fully seen." Cuttings will root easily in sandy soil in summer or early autumn. Hoag (1960) also agrees that it is "subject to freezeback, but [is still] acceptable for cultivation in southern areas of the northern plains in western Dakota [U.S.A.]." He continues that "this hybrid is represented by several clones, perhaps all of which may be considered accept— able and probably distinctly preferable to the parental species... (which are now] rarely encountered [in gardens] ." Collectors have found C. Xclandenensis in bloom in April and May in the Southern Hemisphere and in August and September in the 462 PHLY-T O:L.0 Geb A Vol. 52, Noe 7 Northern Hemisphere and there in fruit in October, Besides the original cv. Arthur Simmonds, which Encke (1960) truly notes is "von C, incana nur wenig unterschieden", there oc~ cur also in the horticultural trade today at least ) other clones: (1) ev. Ferndown — with the leaves dark-green and the corollas of a deeper blue or darker violet-blue than in cv. Arthur Simmonds. Originated by Messers. Stewart of the Ferndown Nurseries, Dorset, England, before 1967. (2) cv. Heavenly Blue — with more erect and compact habit than either cv. Arthur Simmonds or cv. Ferndown. It was exclusive~ ly introduced by Wayside Gardens in 1953 as Plant Patent 1091 and described as "A new dark blue form of the very popular Caryopteris Blue Mist introduced by Wayside Gardens several years ago. This brand new origination, the result of many crosses and selections, is a delightful shrub. Upright in growth, mature plants are 15" wide and 2" tall. Each plant will produce 20 or more exquisite, deep blue, flower=spikes, a rare color in the fall garden". Of course, as noted pre= viously, the flowers are not borne in spikes, but in cymes. Probably "20 or more sprays" was the phrase intended. Glasau (1967) avers that this is the "best variety", The cymes are described by some authors as both axillary and terminal, branched, 2,5—-3.2 cm. wide, the flowers fragrant, Actually, the uppermost cymes are only subterminal. (3) cv. Blue Mist -- originated at Wayside Gardens about 192, de# scribed as having "powder blue” or "powdery blue flower clusters, (4) cv. Kew Blue — a smaller shrublet with the corollas darker blue (than in cv. Arthur Simmonds) to deeper violet or dark blue=violet. Turrill (1949) says of this cultivars "At Kew, from seeds of the original hybrid, a variant has been raised which has even greater horticultural virtues, for the flowers are of a richer and deeper violet-blue colour than are those of its immediate Fy parent. This latter is very attractive to bees and produces good crops of seeds which germinate freely to produce a varied progeny." The best forms of all these cultivars are unifomly superior, horticulturally, than either of the two original parental species. Cody (1963) offered seed of cv. Blue Mist and cv. Heavenly Blue to botanical gardens and the horticultural trade from Canadi- an=-grown plants. Kelsey (1961) offered cv. Blue Mist to the trade at the rate of $1.5 each for 18=inch 2year-old plants, 10 for $12, insisting that the roots would be hardy in growth zones 2 and 3 and even the tops would be hardy in zone 6, the plants flowering there from August to frost. Mattoon (1958) lists 6 horticultural sources for cv, Heavenly Blue and no less than 8 (plus "most nure series") for cv. Blue Mist. Evans (1969) reports that C. Xclandonensis is "indifferent to day length for flower evocation but has absolute photoperiodic re= quirements for flower differentiation." Piringer and his asseciates (1963) report that flower-buds were 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 463 initiated on plants of this hybrid “on all photoperiods, but de= veloped to anthesis only when daily dark periods exceeded 8 hours. Anthesis occurred in not less than 22 days after the beginning of 11 or more short photoperiods. Treatments with short days could be interrupted by as many as 30 non—inductive long days without significant increase in the minimum number of short days required for anthesis. Anthesis, like floral initiation in many plants, was reversibly controlled by red and far-red radiation acting through photochrome. The inductive effectiveness of long dark periods was nullified by 1 min or red light or about 1 hr of fare red. It was modified by night temperature in the range of 45=70 F and filament lengths of stamens were shorter at night tempera= tures of 60 than at 70 F." Layzell & Horton (1978) describe floral development in this plant from cyme initiation to full anthesis, with emphasis on the development of the anthers. The later stages of floral de= velopment and anthesis are completed only on mature plants under short=day (8 hours of light) regimen. Under long—day (20 hours of light per day) regimen senescence occurs already in the early stages of anther-wall differentiation. Gibbs (197) reports leucoanthocyanins and cyanogenesis absent from the leaves, while a positive (dark blue-green) result was obtained from application of the Ehrlich test. Kelway (1962) reports that capsid bugs may become troublesome on these plants and, if so, may be controlled by dusting with a DDT preparation. Hyland (1967) cites U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. — one ——— ooo OO eee ee ee, oe Citations: CULTIVATED: 3 Dress 533% (Ba). Canada: Zinck 39-25-52 (Ba). District of Columbia: S. Saks Hill 10753 (Bae 390151). England: F. G. Meyer 5805 (U.S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Introd. 22872] (Ba); Moldenke & & Moldenke ke 2968 (N); Musgrove s.n. [Septem ber 1936] (N); Whitefoord s.n. [August 1960] (Mi). Massachusetts: E. J. Palmer s.n. (Herb. Arnold Arb. 562-36] (Ba, Ur); Wilberding 562=36 [Aug. 18, 1936] (Ba), 562~36 [Oct. 22, 1936] (Ba). New Zealand: Sykes 100/68 [Herb. Bot. Div. D.S. LR. 18168] (Ac), sen. [2.4.196h; Herb. Bot. Div. D.S.I.R. 1961] (Ld). Pennsylvania: Bates 211 (Ba); Peele 92h [acc. 57457] (Ba). Washington: Dress 5652 (Ba) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Chittenden, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, Sh: 231, fig. 108. 1933 (Ba, Ld, Ld); Hay, Gard. Chron. 145: hi. 1959 (Ba—381h75) . CARYOPTERIS FOETIDA (D. Don) Thellung, Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Ztfrich 6h: 782. 1919. Synonymy: Clerodendron foetidum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 103. 1825 [not C. foetidum Bunge, 1833, nor Hort., 1853]. Volkameria foetida Hamilt. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 103, in syn. 1825. Vitex? sex-dentata Wall., Numer. List [8], no. 1759, 1829. Clerodendron gratum Wall., Numer. List 50 ["9"], no. h6h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. 7 1813, hyponym. 1829 [not C. gratum Kurz, 1885]. Clerodendrum granum Jameson, Rep. Bot. Gov. Northw. Prov. 16. 1855; J. F. Wats., Ind, Nat. Scient. Names 523. 1868. Caryopteris grata Benth. in Benth, & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2 (2): 1158. 1876. Volkameria foetida Buch.=Ham. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 1h9, in syn. 1895. Vitis sexdentata Wall. ex Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 47 (2): 215, sphalm., in syn, 1927. Caryop~ teris foetida Thellung apud A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: Il. 1929. Caryopteris grata Benth. & Hook. f. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 55, in syn. 1940. Clerodendrum foetidum D. Don ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 23, in syn. 1940. Clerodendron granum Jameson ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 6, in syn. 1947. Clerodendron gratum Benth. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 6, in syn. 19h7. Vitex sexdentata Wall. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 29, in syn. 1947. Caryopteris rangutica (Bean) ex Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Ind. 15: 1)35h, sphalm. 1958. Caryopteris grata (Wall.) Benth. apud Suwal, Fl. Phulch. Godaw. 89. 1969. Vitex 6-dentata Wall. ex Mold., Phyto= logia 52: 129, in syn. 1982. Caryopteris foetida (D. Don) Thib., in herb. Bibliography: D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 103. 1825; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 322. 1826; Wall., Numer. List [8] & 50 ["49"], nos. 1759 & 1813. 1829; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 16. 1830; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 550. 1839; Schau. in A, DC., Prodr. 11: 67) & 696. 1847; Planch., Fl. Serres, ser. 1, 9: 17. 1853; Van Houtte, Fl. Serres, ser. 1, 9: 18. 1853; Jameson, Rep, Bot. Gov. Northw. Prov. 164. 1855; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 106 & 502. 1858; J. F. Wats., Ind. Nat. Scient. Names 523. 1868; Benth. in Benth, & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2 (2): 1158. 18763 C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India h: 596——598. 1885; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, (3a): 178. 1895; Jacks. in Hook, f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 121) & 1219. 1895; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 1, 5h. 19023 Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 1 & 2, 512 (1906), imp. 2a, 512 (1907), and imp. 3, 512. 1911; Parker, For. Fl. Punjab, ed. 1, 0). 1918; Thellung, Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Ztfrich 6: 782. 1919; Bran= dis, Indian Trees, imp. h, 512. 1921; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 2, Sh. 1922; Parker, For. Fl. Punjab, ed. 2, Ok. 192h; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 7 (2): 245. 19273 Osmaston, For. Fl. Kumaon 13 & 1). 1927; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jah= resber. 47 (2): 292. 19293 A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 1. 1929; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 (kh): 118. 193h3 Mold., Prelim. Alph, List Inv. Names 23 & 55. 190; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 12. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 54, 71, & 87. 1942; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 121) & 1219. 1946; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 6 & 29. 197; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 125, 157, & 178. 1949; Parker, For. Fl. Punjab, ed. 3, 576. 1956; Iljin, Acad. Sci. Bot. Inst. Dept. Repr. Mat. Hist. Fl. Veg. USSR. 3: 216. 19583 Mold., Résumé 159, 160, 21h, 249, 263, 264, 272, 389, & bhS. 1959; 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris L65 Jacks. in Hook. f, & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: 121) & 1219. 1960; Rau, Bull. Bot. Surv, India 3: 238. 1961; Gupta, Season. Fls. Indian Summ. Resorts Moos. 67 & 81. 1967; Pande, Bull. Dept. Med. Pl. Nepal 1: 36. 1967; A. LUve, Taxon 17: 203. 1968; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 16: 9. 1968; Kapoor, Singh, Kapoor, & Srivastava, Lloydia 32: 303. 1969; Suwal, Fl. Phulch. Godaw. 89. 1969; Farns= worth, Pharmacog. Titles 5 (11): iv & item 110. 1970; R. J. Moore, Reg. Veg. 68: 71. 1970; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 512. 1971; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5, Cum. Gen. Ind. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 267, 269, 271, 272, 356, Lh2, lh6, 461, & 62 (1971) and 2: 727 & 856. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 20: 87. 1971; Gill, Biol. Abstr. 5: 3419--3)20. 1972; Gill, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 99: 36——38. 1972; Rouleau, Taxon Index 1: 72. 1972; R. R. Stewart, Annot. Cat. in Nasir & Ali, Fl. West Pakist. 605. 1972; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 3, 5lh. 1973; Mold., Phytologia 31: 12. 1975; Balakrishn., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 16: 169--173. 1977; Balakrishn., Biores. Ind. 15 (): B.137. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 255, 257, 259, 36, 379, 386, h60, 461, & 529. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52: 429, 30, & 433. 1983. A small, straggling or rambling, fragrant, evergreen shrub or bush, 1.5<—5 m. tall; stems erect or arching, to 1.2 cm. in diame eter; branches slender, pubescent or tomentose when young, finally glabrescent; twigs often purple or purplish to brown or brownish in color, densely pubescent or tomentose with usually purplish or violet tomentum, but often colored only on one longitudinal side; bark pale-brown; leaves decussate-opposite, the young ones with a fetid smell when crushed; petioles )--15 mm. long, usually densely purplish= or violet=-tomentose, often colored only on one side; leaf-blades soft, membranous, lanceolate, onlong-lanceolate, or ovate—lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, l--12.5 cm. long, 1.5—6.5 cm, Wide, apically acuminate or (usually) caudate, marginally en~ tire or subentire to crenate=serrate, basally rhomboid or cuneate to obtuse or rounded, pale=puberulent above, permanently softly pale=pubescent or ~subvillous beneath when mature; secondaries 5— 9 pairs, impressed above, prominent beneath; inflorescence cymose to corymbose, usually purplish~ or violet-tomentose but often so colored on one side only, the cymes small, short, compact, mostly axillary, 0.6—-2.5 cm. long, much shorter than the subtending leaves, 3--5-flowered, dichotomous, densely pubescent, without a common rachis but often raceme~like, l 10541 (Ca327)94, W—1332130), 10591 (Ca-—327215, W-~1332131); Ten “Ten 556 (W—1058269) . CARYOPTERIS GLUTINOSA Rehd. in Sarg-, Pl. Wils. 3: 378. 1916. Bibliography: Rehd, in Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 378. 1916; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 38. 19263 P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 470 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 52, No. 7 (3): [Verbenac. China] 163, 16h, & 166, pl. 31. 19323; Rehd., Man, Cult. Trees, ed. 2, 806 & 933. 190; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 190. 1941; Kelsey & Dayton, Stand. Pl. Names, ed. 2, 92. 19h2; Mold., Known Geogr, Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 56, 71, & 87. 1942; Erdtman, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 39: 281 & 283. 195; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 131, 157, & 178. 199; Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees Shrubs 586. 1949; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 7, 1: 366. 1950; Iljin, Acad. Sci. Bot. Inst. Dept. Repr. Mat. Hist. Fl. Veg. USSR. 3: 216. 1958; Mold., Résumé 168, 21h, & hlS. 1959; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 8, 1: 518. 1970; Mold., Fifth Summ, 1: 287 & 356 (1971) and 2: 856. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 276, 36, & 529. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52: 32 & 43h. 1983. Illustrations: P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] pl. 31. 1932. An erect shrub, 0.8—1.5 m. tall, the young shoots downy; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles short; leaf—blades somewhat fleshy, lanceolate, dark-green, 1.2—2.5 cm. long, 3-6 mm, wide, glutinous and shiny above, marginally entire and revolute or oc= casionally with a few triangular teeth, mealy-white=tomentose with dark glabrescent venation beneath; inflorescence axillary, the flowers in dense many~flowered cymes in the uppermost leaf= axils; corolla blue, about 6 mm. long, externally grayish=downy= pubescent, with a ring of long white hairs at the mouth of the tube; ovary externally downy-pubescent. The species is based on E. H. Wilson 4309 from the Hin River valley in western Szechuan, collected in 1903 and deposited in the Arnold Arboretum herbarium. Bean (1970) asserts that "It is most closely akin to C. mongolica, but is a taller shrub with the corolla hairy at the mouth and viscid leaves. It is a handsome plant, blooming in September. Wilson was collector for Messrs. Veitch when he encountered this plant and made it available for cultivation in England and America." Collectors have encountered C. glutinosa at 1600-~1800 m,. al~ titude, flowering in September, describing it as a shrub, 2==—5 feet tall. The corollas are said to have been “pale=blue" on Wilson 4309 and "purplish~blue" on Fang 5502. Plei ~(19 32) says that "This is a beautiful plant, the leaves being glutinous and shining above and mealy white with black veins beneath. It is closely related to Caryopteris mongholica Bunge from which it differs by its shorter corolla-tube which is about 0.3 cm. in length, the shortly fimbriated lower corolla= lobe, and the pubescent ovary. It is much taller than C. mon- gholica Bunge, being 2 to 5 feet in height, but the leaf=shape is similar to it. It is also allied to C. Forrestii Diels, dif- fering by its linear leaves and purplish—blue flowers, C. For= restii Diels having ovate-oblong leaves and greenish-yellow _ flowers." Erdtman (1945) places C. glutinosa, based on its pollen morph= ology, in the same group of species as C. forrestii Diels, C. in- cana (Thunb. ) Miq., C. mongholica Bunge, | C. tangutica Maxim., and 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 47 C. trichosphaera W. W. Sm. ~~ The Mulligan Son. (October 1, 1936], distributed as Cc. glutin= osa, actually Xie a C. incana (Thunb. ) nae Gmieitstions: CHINA: Szechuan: E. H. Wilson 4,309 (N—photo of type). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Ptei, Mem. Sci. 4. Soc. China 1 (3): pl. 31. 1932 (Ld). eee (Thunb.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 97. 1 Synonymy: Nepeta incana Thunb. ex Houtt., Natuurl. Hist. Pl. 2 (9): 307, pl. 56, fig. 2. 1778. Nepeta japonica Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. h, 3: 52. 1800. Caryopteris mastacanthus Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 625. 1847. Caryopteris ovata Miq., Journ. Bot. Néerl. 1: 1h. 1861. Caryopteris incana Miq. apud Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 23: 889. 1877. Caryopteris tangutica Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 27: 525-526. 1882. Caryopteris tangutica var. brachyodonta Hand.-Mazz., Act. Hort. Gotob. 9: 68. 193k. Carryopteris incana Farrington, N. Y. Herald Trib. July 25, 2: 1h, sphalm. 1937. Caryopteris incana var. brachyodonta (Hand.-Mazz.) Mold., Phytologia 2: 13. 191. Caryop- teris incana Moq. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: l, in syn. 1947. Mastacanthus sinensis Lindl. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 16, in syn. 1947. Caryopis incana Tam, Arch. Mikrobiol. 20: 281, sphalm. 1954. Caryopteris mastacantha Schau. ex Mold., Résumé 2h9, in syn. 1959. Caryopteris incana Maxim. ex Mold., Résumé 29, in syn. 1959. Caryopteris masticanthus Schau. ex Mold., Résumé 29, in syn. 1959. Carypteris incana Miq. ex Mold., Résumé Suppl. 3: 30, in syn. 1962. Nepta incana Thunb. a- pud Li, Woody Fl, Taiwan 82) & 960, sphalm. 1963. Caryopteris incana (Houtt.) Miq. apud Piranger, Downes, & Borthwick, Am. Journ. Bot. 50: 86. 1963. Nepeta incana Houtt. apud Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 8, 1: 518, in syn. 1970. Caryopteris tangutica var. prachydonta Hand Mazz. ex Mold., Fifth Summ, 2: ],23, in syn. 1971. Caryopteris incana var. brachydonta (Hand. Mazz.) Mold., Fifth Summ, 2: 423, in syn. 1971. Caryopteris incana (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Miq. apud Encke & Buchheim in Zander, HandwSrterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 158. 1972., Caryopsis incana (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Miq. apud Cleene & DeLey, Bot. Rev. 42: L1l & 12. 1976. Caryopteris incanus Miq. ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 379, in syn, 1980. Carypteris incania Miq., in herb. Bibliography: Houtt., Lin. Pfl. Syst. 2 (7): 29, pl. 56, fig. 2. 1777; Houtt., Natuurl. Hist. 2 (9): 307,, pl. 56, figs 20 L778; Thunb., Fl. Jap. 2h. 1784; Lour., Fl. Cochinch., ed. 1, 2: 366— 367 (1790) and ed. 2, 2: lis. 1793; Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. h, 3: 52. 1800; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 339. 1819; Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 205. 1836; Endl., Gen. Pl. 638. 1838; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 2, 2: 105. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 3: 619. 16433 Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. h: [3]. 1845; Lindl., Edwards Bot. Reg. 32 [ser. 2, 19]: 472 PEE T:OlrO0 Gack Vol. 52, No. 7 pl. 2. 186; Sieb. & Zucc., Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Muench. Math.= Phys. (3): 156-157. 186; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 625. 1847; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 686. 1847; Benth. in Hook, f., Journ, Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 135. 18533; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 86. 1858; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 268. 1861; Miq., Journ, Bot. Néerl. 1: 11). 1861; Bocq. in Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot. [Adan- sonia, ser. 1] 3: 208, pl. 19. 1863; Bocq., Rév. Verbenac. 110 & 208, pl. 19. 1863; Miq., Prolus. Fl. Iap. 29. 1865; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp, Sci. St. Pétersb. 31: 87. 1866; Miq., Ann, Mus. Bot. Lugd.=Bat. 2: 97. 1866; Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.=Bat. 70. 1870; Hance, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 13: [Fl. Hongk. Suppl.] 116. 1873; Itfma, Somoku Dzusetsu, ed. 1, 11: pl. 11. 1875; Franch. & Savat., Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 357—~358. 1875; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2 (2): 1157. 1876; Maxim., Bull, Acad. Imp. Sci. St.=—Pétersb. 23: 389. 1877; Maxim., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Sh: 41. 1879; Maxim., M61. Biol. Acad. Imp. Sci, St.-Pétersb. 11: 301. 1882; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 27: 525—— 526. 1882; W. Robinson, Garden 2h: 523. 1883; Anon., Gard. Chron., ser. 2, 21: 148 & 149, fig. 30. 188); Hance, Journ. Limn. Soc. Lond, Bot. 8: 1h. 1885; Henriq., Bolet. Bot. Soc. Brot. 3: 1k. 1885; Hook. f., Curtis Bot. Mag. 111 [ser. 3, h1]: pl. 6799. 1885; Olivier, Handelsbl. Tuinb. Sempervirens 1): [117] & 220. 1885; Maxim., M61. Biol. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 12: 523. 1886; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.—Pétersb. 31: 87. 1886; Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 59, fig. 2). 1889; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond, Bot, 26 [Ind. Fl. Sin. 2]: 263-—265. 1890; Ver= dier, Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, ser. 3, 12: 57h. 1890; Har- dy, Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, ser. 3, 13: 598. 18913 André, Rév. Hort. 6h: 32—-325. 1892; Bernard, Rév. Hort. Belg. 19: 272-— 27h. 1893; Koehne, Dendrol. 527. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 272 & ish? (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 175. 189; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 178. 1895; Gourlot, Le Jardin 9: 161. 1895; L. Henry, Le Jardin 9: 7h. 1895; Legros, Rév. Hort. 67: 331--332. 1895; Ville, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 21 [ser. 3, 1]: 220—-221, fig. 13. 1896; Linden, Semaine Hort. 2: 89, fig. 229. 1898; L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 255, fig. 379. 1900; Diels, Engl, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 550. 1900; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 8h. 19013 L. H. Bai~ ley, Cycl. Amer. Hort. pl. 47. 1902; Diels, Fl. Cent.-China 550. 1902; Schelle in Beissner, Schelle, & Zabel, Laubholz=Benen. 26. 1903; C. K. Schneid., Dendrol. Winterst. 120, 201, & 267, fig. 122. 1903; Tillier, Rév. Hort. 75: 15—17, fig. h. 19033 Spooner, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, h2: 408 & 409, fig. 171. 1907; D. H. Scott in Solered. [transl. Boodle & Fritsch], Syst. Anat. Dicot. 1: 63h. 1908; Apgar, Orn. Shrubs U. S. 289, fig. 502. 1910; Géréme, Le Jardin 24: 381, fig. 22). 1910; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 8h. 1910; Danguy, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 3h. 1911; Na= kai, Fl. Korea 2: 137. 19113; C. K,. Schneid., Illust. Handb, Laubh. 2: 587 & 595—-596, fig. 282 mo & 386 k——p. 1911; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 205. 19123 "A. C." in F. W. Harvey, Garden 76: 2h. 1912; Makino, Somoku Dzusetsu [Icon. Pl. Nipp.], ed. 2, 11: pl. 11. 19123 Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 473 2 (2): 531. 1912; Matsum., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27: 27. 19133; L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 679, fig. 832. 191): Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 1, 1: 301 (191) and ed. 2, imp, 1, 1: 301. 1916; 0, G. Petersen, Traeer Buske 37. 1916; Rehd. in Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 378. 1916; Cowley, Garden 81: 477--(:78]. 1917; W. W. Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 18. 1917; W. Trelease, Wint. Bot. 332. 1918; Dreer, Gard. Book 80: 18) (1918) and 81: 17. 1919; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 1: 301. 1919; Dreer, Gard. Book 82: 169. 1920; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 3, 1: 301. 1921; Bean, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1922: 110--111. 1922; Breslau, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 12: 475. 1922; Bean, Garden 88: 183—~18). 192); Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 228. 1923; Dreer, Gard. Book 86: 17h. 192h; Makino, Illust. Fl. Jap. [216]. 192k; Olmsted, Coville, & Kelsey, Stand, Pl. Names, ed. 1, 70. 192); L. H. Bailey, Man, Cult. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 1, 63h, 802, & 805 (192) and ed. 1, imp. 2, 63h, 802, & 805. 1925; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. h, 1: 301. 1925; Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 0: 333. 1926; Borseh, Hardy Herb. Alp. Pl. 8. 1927; It6, Icon. Pl. Formosa pl. 349. 1927; Kirk, Brit. Gard. Fls. 432. 1927; Rehd. in Rehd. & Wils., Journ, Arnold Arb. 8: 195, 1927; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. 1, 151—152. 1928; Krunzlin, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Gesel. )0: 135. 1928; Rehd. in Rehd. & Wils., Journ. Arnold Arb. 9: 112. 1928; Sasaki, List Pl. Formosa 350. 1928; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 5, 1: 301. 1929; E. H. Wils., China Mother Gard. 23. 1929; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus, ed. 1, 12h. 1930; E. D, Merr., Sunyat. 1 (1): 30, 1930; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 2: 82. 1930; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. 2, 176-177. 1931; W. Trelease, Wint. Bot., ed. 3, imp. 1, 33h. 1931; Bonstedt in Encke, Pareys Blumen- guirt., ed. 1, 282—-283 & 662. 1932; P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac,. China] 163, 16h, & 168173. 1932; P'ei, Sinensia 2: 76—-77. 19323; Schelle, Pareys Blumengirt., ed. 1, 282—283. 1932; Wilder, Frag. Path, imp. 1, 113 & 385. 19323 Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls. 3, ed. 1, 75. 19333 Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 51 (2): 269. 1933; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdgd. ed., 662 & 663. 19333 Chittenden, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc., ser. 3, 59: 226. 193k; Dreer, Gard. Book [96]: 130. 193h; Hand.-Mazz., Act. Hort. Gotob. 9: 68. 193; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 (lh): 115, 116, 118, & 119, fig. 183 & pl. 7, fig. h. 1933; Zander, Gross. Gart.-Lex. 131. 193); L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus, ed. 2, 12h. 1935; L. H. Bailey, List Florists Handl. Verbenac. [mss.]. 1935; Bobbink & Atkins, Roses Ornament. Trees Shrubs 52 & 59. 19353 Dop in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine : 87) & 885, fig. 90. 1935; E. D, Merr., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 2h (2): 338 & 19. 1935; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls. 3, ed. 2, 75. 19363 Bedevian, Illust. Polyglot. Dict. 150—151. 1936; Dreer, Gard. Book [97]: 21, 117, & 131 (1935) and [98]: 5, 21, & 121. 1936; Hillier, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 61: 107. 1936; Makins, Ident. Trees Shrubs, ed. 1, 46 & 258, fig. 346. 1936; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 56 (1): 669. 1936; Wilder, Frag. Path, imp. 2 113 & 385. 1936; Farrington, N. Y. Herald Trib. July 25, 2: 1h. 7h P°HeY ‘TO LO -G-2-4 Vol. 52, No. 7 1937; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 696. 1937; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 3, 63h, 802, & 805. 1938; Dahlgren, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 32: 231. 1938; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jah- resber. 57 (2): 72. 1938; Hao, Engl. Bot. Jahrb, 68: 633. 1938; H. W. Harv., Ga. Univ. Agr. Ext. Serv. Bull. 02: 3h. 1938; E. D. Merr., Journ. Arnold Arb. 19: 362. 1938; Terazaki, Nippon Shoki= butsu Zufu [Nature-Col. Wild Pl.] fig. 2489. 1938; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 58 (2): 505. 1939; Hand.-Mazz,, Act. Hort. Gotob. 13: 336. 1939; Mold., Annot. List 108. 1939; Sakata, Reliable Seeds Nursery 1939: 28. 1939; Bobbink & Atkins, (Catalogue] 190: 67. 1940; Makino, Illustr. Fl. Nipp. 185, fig. 55h. 190; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, imp. 1, 806 & 933. 190; W. Tre lease, Pl. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody Pl., ed. 5, imp. 1, 1h5. 1940; Anon,, Gard, Chron., ser. 3, 110: 110. 191; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 1, imp. h, 634, 802, & 805. 191; L. H. & E. Z, Bailey, Hortus Sec., imp. 1, 145. 191; Bobbink & Atkins, [Catalogue] 191: 43. 191; Doney, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec. 30: 23. 1941; Durand & Jacks,, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 8h. 19)13 Heydenreic, Gartenschtnh. 22: 92. 19413; Mold., Phytologia 2: 13. 19h1; Mold., Suppl. List inv. Names [1], 2, & 6. 191; Sakata, Reliable Seeds Nursery 191: 5). 1913 E. H. Walker, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 655. 1913; Worsdell, Ind. Lond, Suppl. 1: 190. 1941; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. h, 176-177. 192; Kelsey & Dayton, Stand. Pl. Names, ed. 2, 92 & 93. 19423; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 6, 12, & 23. 1923; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 56, 58, 71, & 87. 1942; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 5, 634, 802, & 805. 19h; E. L. D. Seymour, New Gard, Encycl., ed. 3, 15h. 19h; Erdtman, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 39: 283— 28h. 1945; Molc., Phytologia 2: 95. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks, Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 272 & hh7 (1946) and imp, 2, 2: 175. 1946; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: & 16. 1973 Ptei, Bot. Bull, Acad, Sin. 1: 6. 1947; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., imp. 1, 1: 186—187. 1948; Makins, Ident. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, 6, 289, & 355, fig. 3hL. 1948; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 2, 845— 846, 1042, & 1047. 1949; "R. G.", N. Y. Times August 28, 10: 23. 1949; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 131, 133, 13h, 157, & 178. 1949; Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees 585—586. 1993 Turrill, Curtis Bot. Mag. 166: pl. 75. 1949; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit, Isls., ed. 7, 1: 365-367. 1950; P. Henderson, Every= thing Gard. 120. 1950; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. 5, 176-177. 1950; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. [103h], fig. 2)7E. 1950; A. W. An= derson, How We Got Fls., imp. 1, 213 & 271. 1951; Kelly Bros., 1951 Gard. Book hl. 19513; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, imp. 2, 806 & 933. 1951; Blackburn, Trees Shruhs East. N. Am. 108 & 329. 1932; Hottes, Book Shrubs, [ed. 6, imp. 1], 176177. 1952; Wayside Gard., Horticulture 31: 175. 1953; Mold., Journ, Calif. Hort. Soc. 15: 87. 195; Tamm, Arch. Mikrobiol. 20: 281. 195h3 Plaumann, Gartenwelt 18: 285. 1955; Bean in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. 1: }05—l06. 1956; Boerner in Maatsch, Illust. Gartebaulex. 1: 205. 1956; Wyman, Shrubs Vines Am. Gard, 121, 122, & 15. 1956; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Ind. 15: 1435h. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 75 1958; Iljin, Acad. Sci. Bot. Inst. Dept. Repr. Mat. Hist. Fl. Veg. USSR. 3: 216. 1958; Mattoon, Pl. Buyers Guide, ed. 6, 88. 1958; Mold., Am. Midl. Nat. 59: 335. 1958; Hottes, Book Shrubs, [ed. 6, imp. 2], 176—177 (1958) and [ed. 6, imp. 3], 176—-177. 1959; R. M. Carleton, Ind. Comm. Names Herb. Pl. 16 & 85. 1959; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 8h. 1959; Hara, Outline Phyto- geogr. Japan 69. 1959; Hay, Gard. Chron. 145: 11. 19593 Mold., Résumé 168, 171—173, 21h, 237, 2h9, 250, 319, 321, & LS. 19593 Nut Trees Nurseries, Spring '59 Price List. 1959; Encke, Pareys Blumengértn., ed. 2, 2: 49. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 272 & lh? (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 175. 1960; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 2: 6. 1960; E. H. Walker, Bibliog. East. Asiat. Bot. Suppl. 1: 23). 19603; Runner, Rep. Groff Coll. 362. 1961; Wils., Hedden, & Walker, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Pl. Disease Reporter 5: 380—383. 1961; R. M. Carleton, Ind. Comm, Names Herb, Pl., imp. 2, 16 & 85. 19623 Mold., Résumé Suppl. 3: 19, 27, & 30. 1962; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat. Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 19 & 21, fig. 25. 1962; J. D. Wils & Hedden, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Pl. Disease Reporter 6: 186—~188, fig. 1—3. 1962; Bush-Brown, Shrubs Trees Home Landsc. 77-79, [205], & 206, fig. 23. 1963; Graf, Exotica 3: 1568. 1963; Li, Woody Fl, Taiwan 17, 82h, 825, 94h, & 960, fig. 331. 1963; Piringer, Dewnes, & Borth- wick, Am. Journ. Bot. 50: 86. 1963; Schmelzer, Phytopath. Zeit- schr. 6: [235]. 1963; Sharma & Mukhophyay, Journ. Genet. 58: 359, 370——371, 377, 380, 383, & 38h, pl. 11 & 12, fig. 4-8. 1963; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. 1, 171 (1963) and imp. 2, 171. 196k; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromos, Numb. 2: 330. 1964; Lord, Shrubs Trees Austral. Gard,., ed. 2, 254. 1964; Yotaro, Gard. Pl. World 2: 9, pl. 25, fig. 2. 196; Bose, Handb. Shrubs 9: 17, 36, 10h, & 122. 1965; J. & L. Bush-Brown, Am. Gard. Book, ed. , 252, 269, & 378. 1965; Garibaldi, Atti Giorn. Stud. Prop. Spec. Legn. Pisa 196): 145— 15h. 1965; R. E. & C, R. Harrison, Trees Shrubs 47, pl. 127. 1965; Hoag, Trees Shrubs North. Plains 206. 1965; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 766. 1965; N. Taylor, Guide Gard. Shrubs Trees 335 & opp. 32, fig. 8. 1965; A. W. Anderson, How We Got Fls., imp. 2, 213 & 271. 1966; Everett, Readers Digest Compl. Book Gard. 20, 660, & 681. 1966; Giraud, Bull. Soc. Nat. Hortic. France 139 [Jard. Fr. 10 (2F)]: 37). 1966; Hellyer, Shrubs Colour 2-25. 19663; DeWit, Pl. World High. Pl. 2: 185. 1967; Glasau, Sommergr. Ziergeh. 67. 1967; Har= lan & Jenkins, Biol. Abstr. 8: 5997. 1967; Harlan & Jenkins, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Pl. Disease Reporter 51: 10}—107. 1967; E. Lawrence, South. Gard., ed. 2, 183 & 216. 1967; Pal & Krishnamurthi, Flow. Shrubs 21—-22, 132, 133, & 16. 19673 Rehd., Man, Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, imp. 11, 806 & 933. 1967; Tingle, Check List Hong Kong Pl. 38. 1967; W. Trelease, Wint. Bot., ed. 3, imp. 2, 33h. 1967; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 15: 1h (1967), 16: 19 (1968), and 17: 7. 1968; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. 3, 171. 1968; Cat- hey, Proc, Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 93: 693-698. 1968; Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. 1967: 19. 1968; Jaitly, Guignard, & Mestre, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 267D: 59--61, fig. 1—13, & 76 PHY TrOL OGa az Vol. 52, No. 7 pl. 1, fig. 1). 1968; Schmelzer & Schmidt, Phytopath. Zeitschr. 62: [105], 106, 108, 12h, & 125. 1968; Stucchi, FIORI 11: 129. 1968; W. Trelease, Pl. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody Pl., ed. 5, imp. 2, 145. 1968; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chromos. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 71h. 1969; Coats, Pl. Hunters 106. 1969; Fogg, Concise Guide Shrubs 30 & 31. 19693 Schmelzer & Schmidt, Hort. Abstr. 39: 135. 1969; Synge, Suppl. Dict. Gard., ed. 2, 227 & 239. 1969; Barbey, Arbor. Ornement., ed. h, 72. 1970; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls., ed. 8, 1: 518-519. 1970; Cathey, Hort. Abstr. 40: 185. 1970; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 83 & 485. 1970; Grubov, Ivanina, & Tschernava, Pl, Asiat. Cent. 5: 6& 8. 1970; "A. R.", Biol. Abstr. 51: 13600. 1970; Schmelzer, Phyto- path. Zeit. 67: 292. 1970; D. R. W. Alexander, Hong Kong Shrubs 21. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 287, 292—-29), 307, 309, 313, 356, 395, 422, & 423 (1971) and 2: 571, 573, & 856. 1971; Wyman, Gard, Encycl., imp. 1, 191 & 760 (1971) and imp. 2, 191 & 760. 1972; E. B. Anderson in Anderson, half., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Fls., imp. 4h, 171. 1972; Anon., U.S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Sci. Res. Div. Home Gard. Bull. 181: 2 & 20. 1972; R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. Illust. Encycl. Gard. h: 502. 19723; Encke & Buch= heim in Zander, Handworterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 158. 1972; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., imp. 2, 1: 186—-187. 1972; Huang, Pollen Fl. Taiwan 243, pl. 162, fig. l-—6. 1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 30) & 313. 19723 Queens Bot. Gard. Soc., Pl. Seaside Gard. 1. 1972; Queens Bot. Gard, Soc., Shrubs Area [2]. 1972; Skinner, Ornament. Pl. Coast. Northw. 75. 1972; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (3): B.A.S.I. C. S.39. 19733 Anon., Ind. Sem. Agrartud. Egyet. G&dt116 [Hun gary] 1973: 19. 1973; Hegnauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 6 [Chem, 21]: 661 & 666. 1973; Huxley, Hardwicke, & Toogood, Decid. Trees 30, 151, & 211. 1973; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 56: 123. 1973; L. He. & Be Ze Bailey, Hortus Sec., imp. 18, 145. 197); Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chromos. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 71). 197h; El-= Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197h3 Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow, Pl. 3: 1753. 197); Hersey, Flow. Shrubs Small Trees 50, fig. 109. 1974; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 291. 197h3; Mold., Phyto-= logia 28: 46.1974; F, Perry, Compl. Guide Plants Fls. pl. 18. 1974; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, imp. 12, 806 & 933. 197; Wilder, Frag. Gard, 113 & 385. 197; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Néerl. 2h: 46h. 1975; Mold., Phytologia 31: 390 (1975) and 3h: 272. 1976; Cleene & DeLey, Bot, Rev. 2: 52. 1976; Speta, Candollea 32: 1h6 & 155. 19773; Hsiao, Fl. Taiwan h: )18—20, pl. 1057. 1978; Layzell & Horton, Canad. Journ. Bot. 56: 18);—~1851, fig. l= 14. 1978; Lord, Shrubs Trees Austral. Gard., ed. 5, 25h. 19783 A. Ltve, Taxon 27: 385. 1978; Layzell & Horton, Biol, Abstr. 67: 1151. 1979; Hsiao, Fl. Taiwan 6: 121. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 277, 281-283, 299, 300, 30h, 346, 379, & 529. 1980; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 58, 1981; Hu, Enum, Chin, Mat. Med. 182 & 218. 1981; Munz & Slauson, Ind. Illust. Living Things Outside N, Am. 260 & 328. 19813; Mold., Phytologia 52: 11). 1982; Weber & Wittmann, Phytologia 51: 379. 1982; Bartholomew & al., Journ, Ar= eee bie 64: 82. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 52: 2830 & h32— 35. 1983. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 77 Illustrations: Houtt., Lin. Pfl. Syst. 2 (7): pl. 56, fig. 2. 1777; Houtt., Natuurl. Hist. 2 (9): pl. 56, fig. 2. 17783; Lindl., Edwards Bot. Reg. 32 [ser. 2, 19]: pl. 2 (in color). 186; Ittma, Somoku Dzusetsu, ed. 1, 11: pl. 11. 1875; W. Robinson, Garden 2h: 523. 1883; Anon., Gard. Chron., ser. 2, 21: 1h9, fig. 30. 188h; Hook. f., Curtis Bot. Mag. 111 (ser. 3, 41]: pl. 6799 (in color). 1885; Olivier, Handelsb. Tuinb. Sempervirens 1: 220. 1885; Dip~ pel, Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 59, fig. 2h. 1889; André, Rév. Hort. 6h: 324/325 (in color). 1892; Bernard, Rév. Hort. Belg. 19: 272/273. 1893; Koehne, Dendrol. 527. 1893; Ville, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 21 [ser. 3, 1]: 221, fig. 13. 1896; Linden, Semaine Hort. 2: 89, fig. 229. 1898; L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 255, fig. 379. 19003 C. K. Schneid., Dendrol. Winterst. 201, fig. 122. 19033 Tillier, Rév. Hort. 75: 15--17, fic. 4. 1903; Spooner, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 42: 09, fig. 171. 1907; Géréme, Jardin 2h: 381, fig. 22h. 1910; C. K. Schneid., Illust. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 587, fig. 382 m——o & 386 k——p. 1911; Makino, Somoku Zousetsu, ed. 2, 11: pl. ll. 1912; L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 679, fig. 832. 191h; "A. 0." in F, W. Harvey, Garden 76: 2h. 1912; Cowley, Garden 81: [78]. 1917; Dreer, Gard. Book 80: 18) (1918), 81: 17h (1919), 82: 169 (1920), and 86: 17h. 1924; It6, Icon. Pl. Formosa pl. 39. 19273 Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. 1, 152 (1928) and ed. 2, 176. 19315 We Trelease, Wint. Bot., ed. 3, imp. 1, 33h. 1931; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdgd. ed., 662. 1933; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 (k): 119, fig. 183, & pl. 7, fig. h. 19343; Bobbink & Atkins, Roses Or- nament. Trees Shrubs 52 [recto] (in color). 1935; Dop, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine : fig. 90. 1935; Dreer, Gard, Book [97]: 117 (in color) (1935) and [98]: 5. 19363 Bedevian, Illust. Polyglot. Dict. 150. 1936; Makins, Ident. Trees Shrubs, ed. 1, 6, fig. 34L. 1936; Farrington, N. Y. Herald Trih. July 25, 2: 1h. 1937; Terazaki, Nippon Shokubutsu Zufu [Nature-Col. Wild Pl.] fig. 2489. 1938; Makino, Illust. Fl. Nipp. 185, fig. 55h. 1903 Hot~ tes, Book Shrubs, ed. h, 176. 19423; Makins, Ident. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, 46, fig. 34L. 1948; Hottes, Book Shrubs, ed. 5, 176. 1950; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. [103k], fig. 2)7E. 1950; Kelly Bros., 1951 Gard. Book hl (in color). 1951; Hottes, Book Shrubs, fed. 6, imp. 1], 176. 1952; Wayside Gard., Horticulture 31: 175 (in color). 1953; Bean in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Gard. Dict. 1: 05. 1956; Boerner in Maatsch, Pareys Illust. Gartenbaulex. 1: 205. 1956; Hottes, Book Shrubs, [ed. 6, imp. 2], 176 (1958) and [ed. 6, imp. 3], 176. 1959; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat. Bot, Gard. Lucknow 76: 19, fig. 25. 1962; J. D. Wils & Hedden, U. S. Dept. Agr, Bur. Pl. Ind. Pl. Disease Reporter ))6 (3): 187 & 189, fig. 1—3. 1962; Bush-Brown, Shrubs Trees Home Landsc. [78], fig. 23. 1963; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 825, fig. 331. 19633; Yotaro, Gard. FEeworld 2: 49, pl. 25, fig. 2 (in color). 196k; Rs EB. & C. Re Harrison, Trees Shrubs pl. 127 (in color). 1965; N. Taylor, Guide Gard. Shrubs Trees opp. 32, fig. 8 (in color). 1965; Jaitly, Guignard, & Mestre, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris D.267: 60, pl. 1, fig. 1—h. 1968; D. R. W. Alexander, Hong Kong Shrubs 21 (in color). 1971; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Sci. Res. Div. Home Gard. Bull. 181: 2. 1972; Huang, Pollen Fl. Taiwan pl. 162, fig. 478 Jedgeh NGodk (0) UM OL (GF dE LY Vol. 52, No. 7 6. 1972; Huxley, Hardwicke, & Toogood, Decid. Gard. Trees 30 (in color). 1973; Hersey, Flow. Shrubs Small Trees fig. 109 (in color). 197); Hsiao, Fl. Taiwan ): 19, pl. 1057. 1978; Layzell & Horton, Canad, Journ. Bot. 56: 137-1850, fie. 1—1). 1978. A small, ornamental, low-growing, rather tender, sun-loving, densely compact, rounded, autumn-flowering bush or subshrub, or woody perennial herb, wide~spreading, erect, cinereous~pubescent with short, incurved, simple hairs, 0.5--1.5 m. tall, rarely to 2.5 m. tall, usually only to 1 m. or less, aromatic and maloder— ous; stems herbaceous but woody at or toward the base, mostly erect, simple or branched, obsoletely tetragonal or subterete, usually leafless toward the base and sometimes basally decumbent, covered with close, whitish or grayish, felt-—like pubescence; branchlets terete, usually erect or ascending, grayish-tomentose or densely white-pubescent; twigs slender, round in cross-section or very obtusely tetrazonal; pith relatively large, rounded, white, continuous; buds small, superposed, the upper often devel= oping in the first season, rounded-conic, with 1 or 2 pairs of indistinct canescent bud-scales; leaves decussate~opposite (or sometimes alternate by the suppression of one of a pair), short= petiolate, very variable, deciduous, exstipulate, pleasantly fragrant with a turpentine odor, the upper ones considerably smaller; leaf-scars broadly crescent-shaped; stipule-scars absent; petioles slender, )--21 mm. long, whitish-pubescent; leaf=blades firm, glandulose, often silvery-green in general aspect, ovate or narrowly ovate to ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate~ellip= tic, 2-8 cm. long, 1.2——3 cm. wide, apically obtuse or obtusish to subacute or acute or even acutely acuminate, marginally serrate or coarsely serrate to incised=serrate (rather regularly so), rarely only finely serrate or even entire, basally obtuse or rounded to cuneate or broadly cuneate, dull=green and slightly pubescent above, lighter green and densely grayish=pubescent or grayish-tomentose beneath with a close, gray, felt-like tomentum and dotted with minute, yellow, translucent glands, the teeth }— 8 per side, coarse and apically acute or obtuse; secondaries prominent on both surfaces but especially so beneath, about 5 per side, not black, the larger ones to 2.5 cm. long; inflorescence mostly axillary, in all the upper leaf~axils, rarely also termin= al or subterminal, cymose—paniculate, pedunculate, showy; pedunc— les about 2 mm. long or sometimes equaling or slightly longer than the upper subtending petioles, covered with a close, gray, felt-like tomentum like the lower leaf~surfaces; cymes densely many=flowered, broadly subglobose or rounded=corymbose, in oppo- site pairs, trifid, fastigiate, white-velutinous throughout; pedi~ cels capillary, very short; flowers about mm. long, aromatic or odorless; calyx tubular or campanulate, minute or 2——3 mm. long, green, deeply 5=lobed or =cleft to the middle, the lobes lanceo= late or linear-oblong, equal or subequal, apically acute; corolla deep-blue or lavender=blue to violet-blue, bright-violet, bright- blue, or blue-purple, 2=lipped, externally downy—pubescent, 5- lobed or sometimes only l-fid, 6--10 mm, long, the short tube cy= lindric, apically ampliate, equaling or longer than the calyx, the 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris h79 limb 8 mm, wide, the upper or posterior lobes shortly ovate or rounded=ovate (lingulate), equal, spreading, apically obtuse or apiculate, the fifth (lower) or anterior lobe larger, concave, lip-like, about twice as large as the others, deflexed, marginal= ly fimbriate or incised-laciniate, the fringes or laciniations mostly 7 and basally deltoid; stamens four, 2—3 times as long as the corolla-tube; filaments slender or even filiform, strict, di- vergent or erect, 2 longer than the other 2 or all subequal, bas= ally barbate, apically subulate; anthers minute, subrotund or o- vate, basally cordate, the 2 thecae apically parallel; pistil shorter than the stamens, composed of 2 or often 3 carpels, the third one (when present) rolled up between the other two; style filiform, glabrous, exserted but not surpassing the stamens; stigma bifid, the branches subulate; ovary globose or subrotund, esulcate, externally vilose to glabrate; fruiting-calyx some- what enlarged and spreading, 5—=—6 mm. long; fruit capsular, glo- bose, about 2 mm, long and wide, l-valved, winged, externally pilose or glabrous, the valves each folding around a seed and falling away with it; seeds 4, subrotund, naked. Thunberg's original (1778) description of his Nepeta incana, on which this taxon is based, as reported by Willdenow (180k) fer his so-called N. japonica, is: "N. florum paniculis axillaribus, foliis petiolatis ovatis serratis tomentosis....Habitat in summis montibus magnae Kosido Japoniae. 4%. Caulis herbaceus inferne teretiusculus decumbens nudus, superne obsolete tetragonus erec= tus tomentosus indivisus spithamaeus vel paullo ultra. Folia op= posita petiolata ovata acuta serrata utrinque tomentosa, sed sub- tus magis albida patentia, semipollicaria, superioribus sensim minoribus. Petiolo tomentosi lineam longi. Flores paniculati. Paniculae in supremis foliorum axillis oppositae trifidae fastigi~ atae. Pedunculus lineam longus pedicellis capillaribus. Stamina flore duplo longiora. Differt a N. Nepetella: floribus panicula= tis, paniculis axillaribus, foliis ovate~oblongis, nec cordatis." The original description of Miquel's Caryopteris ovata (1861) is: "Frutescens? ramulis subtetragono—teretibus petiolis foliis- que subtus appresse dense albido=pubescentibus; folia ovata acuta vel breviter acute acuminata, medio utrinque 2—1l raro ) serratur- is, passim integerrima fima, glandulosa, supra pubera, venis utrinque circiter 5 basi approximatis, (majore 1 poll. longa); cymae corymbosae densiflorae albido—velutinae pedunculatae (pedun- culo petiolum parum exsuperante); calyx subaequaliter 5