Ay PHY TOLOGIA An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 53 May 1983 No. 4 FIFTIETH JUBILEE YEAR CONTENTS TURNER, B. L., Two new species of Ageratina (Asteraceae- Eupatorieae from northcentral Mexico .............0.2005: 241 LOURTEIG, A., Nomenclatura plantarum americanarum. I. CO ST Zi MI ROAR FOR ee RR UNNI SCTE CR GOREN ARO REERIRT A7 245 HEKKING, W. H. A., Studies on neotropical Violaceae Tribe Rinoreeae II. Four new species and some new combinations TO SEAL SS BNR A RL GREAS Nay sh AC uA A ra 250 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LXXXV ...262 SMITH, L. B., & WASSHAUSEN, D. C., Notes on Begoniaceae—Il . .297 NAEP emer RN OL RENO FOVIEWS 2 6 2 oo) UNA aie bie keane Hae eR 302 JUN 2 1983 BO TPublishéd-byPASPOIFN. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $13.00 in advance or $14.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. - TWO NEW SPECIES OF AGERATINA (ASTERACEAE-EUPATORIEAE ) FROM NORTHCENTRAL MEXICO B. L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 Preliminary preparation of a flora of northeastern Mexico (Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas) has revealed the following new species of Ageratina. Recognition of these taxa within the latter genus instead of within the Eximbricata section of Eupatorium (sensu B. L. Robinson) follows the suggestions of King and Robinson (1970, 1972). Ageratina is a very large natural assemblage, species of which all have a base chromosome number of x = 17. Its recognition has a sound morphological basis (eximbricate involucres) and, because of its size (over 100 species), has high utility in herbarium arrangement for ident- ification purposes. AGERATINA NESOMII B. L. Turner, sp. nov. A. rothrockii (Gray) K. & R. accedens sed foliis supremis alternatis, laminis deltoideis irregulariter dentatis ut in A. rollinsii. Fibrous-rooted perennial ca. 60 cm tall; stems puberulus. Leaves opposite below, becoming alternate above; blades deltoid, not glandular-punctate, 3-4 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, coarsely and irregularly dentate, obtuse to trucate at the base; petioles mostly 10-15 mm long. Capitulescence terminal, 3-6 headed, 3-4 cm across, 1-2 cm long. Heads white, 8-9 mm long. Involucre broadly turbinate, eximbricate; bracts linear-lanceolate, 6-7 mm long, sparsely puberulent. Receptacle plane, ca 1.5 mm across, glabrous, bearing 20-25 florets and an occasional pale within the outermost florets. Corolla 4-5 mm long; tube ca 1./5 mm long, glabrous, limb scarsely, if at all, flaring, ca. 3.25 mm long, glabrous except for the short lobes (0.7-1.0 mm) each of which are beset with 8-10, short, 2-3 septate hairs. Anthers ca. 2 mm long, the appendages acute, longer than wide. Styles 5-6 mm long, slightly swollen at the base, the branches ca. 2 mm long with linear, papillose, appendages. Achenes black, 2.8-3.2 mm long, sparsely hispid along the ribs; carpopodium 4-sided, not merging into the ribs; pappus of ca. 30, readily deciduous, flattened, ciliate setae, 3-5 mm long. 241 2472 Pee Tok ee he Vol. 53, No. 4 TYPE: MEXICO. Neuvo Leon, 15 mi E of San Rafael off highway 57 in small valley (100° 26' x 25° 03'), pine forest with pine-yucca onhigher and drierslopes, 22-23 Jul 1977, C. Wells & G. Nesom 152 (LL). Additional specimens examined: Neuvo Leon. Municipio Galeana: ca 8 mi E of San Rafael, 4.4 mi E of LaBoca, ca. 2400 m, N facing hillside (100° 25' x 25° 03'), 22 Oct 1982, Sundberg etal. U7 11M TEX): Ageratina nesomii is seemingly close to A. rollinsii, their habital features being very similar. The former is readily distinguished, however, by its epunctate leaves, larger heads with larger florets, pubescent corolla lobes and longer anthers with appendages longer than wide. On floral characteristics, however, I would relate A. nesomii to A. rothrockii which King and Robinson place in the subgenus Ageratina which is marked, in part, by its pubescent corolla lobes. The characters which distinguish between the subgenera Ageratina and Neogreenella are weak and appear to break down in the species complex centering about A. herbacea, A. rugosa, A. rothrockii, A. occidentale and yet other Ageratinoid species of northern Mexico. It is a pleasure to name the species for Dr. Guy Nesom, Erigeron specialist whose collections from the gypsum areas of southern Nuevo Leon have been significant additions to our floristic knowledge of the region. AGERATINA ROLLINSII B. L. Turner, sp. nov. Ageratina herbacea (Gray) K. & R. accedens sed foliis Supremis alternatis laminis glanduloso-punctatis subtus, phyllariis multioribus angustioribus. Stoloniferous herbs up to 50 cm tall; stems puberulus. Leaves opposite below, becoming alternate above; blades ovate- deltoid, glandular-punctate, 2-5 cm long, 1.5-5.0 cm wide, coarsely dentate, abruptly narrowed into a winged or wingless petiole, 5-20 mm long. Capitulescence terminal, 5-20 headed, 2- 9 cm across, 1-3 cm long. Heads white, ca. 7 mm long. Involucre broadly turbinate, eximbricate; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-6 mm long, atomiferous-glandular intermixed with short incurved or appressed hairs. Receptacle slightly convex, glabrous, bearing 18-25 florets. Corolla ca. 3.5 mm long, atomiferous-glandular to glabrous; tube ca. 1 mm long; limb scarsely to abruptly 1983 Turner, Two new species 243 flaring, ca. 2.5 mm long; lobes 0.6-1.0 mm long. Anthers ca. 1 mm long, the appendages obtuse, wider than long. Styles ca. 5 mm long, swollen at the base, the branches ca. 2 mm long with decidedly papillose appendages. Achenes black, 2.0-2.5 mm long, rather conspicuously hispid-pubescent; carpopodium not merging into the ribs; pappus of ca. 30, readily deciduous, flattened, ciliate setae, 2-3 mm long. TYPE: MEXICO. Nuevo Leon. Chipinque Mesa, SW of Monterrey. Oak-pine woods, limestone area, 4400 ft, 16 Nov 1958, R. C. Rollins & R. M. Tyron 5875. (Holotype LL; isotype GH). ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS: NUEVO LEON: carretera 51, 4.1 km al SW de Pablillo, 16.6 km al S del entronque de carretera 51 con 58, 29 Jul 1982, C. P. Cowan 3767 (TEX, UNAM); ca. 1 mi W of cooks along highway 58, 23 Oct 1981, Dorr et al. 2040 TEX). Ageratina rollinsii is superficially similar to A. nesomii, especially in habit. Both are perennial herbs with ovate- deltoid, coarsely dentate, leaves which become alternate about 2/3 way up the main stem, just below the capitulescence. Their heads, and floral structures, however, are strikingly different. Nevertheless, the two taxa are probably closely related and are not readily grouped with yet other species of the large genus Ageratina as conceived by King and Robinson (1970, 1972), af ehatigh both can be accomodated within the subgenus Neogrenel la somewhere near the species centering about A. herbacea and A. rothrockii as noted above. It is a pleasure to name the species for Dr. Reed C. Rollins, Professor of Botany, Harvard University, who participated in its initial collection. References King, R. M. and H. Robinson. 1970. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae) XIX. Phytologia 19: 208-229. 1972. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) LXXXV. Phytologia 24: 79-104. 244 FIG. iz PHYTOLOCTIA @ A. rollinsii O A. nesomii AGERATINA ROLLINSII Vol. 53, No. 4 [FROM HOLOTYPE] NOMENCLATURA PLANTARUM AMERICANARUM I, GRAMINEAE A. Lourteig In the search for names in the identification o PLUMIER’s plates of plants of the Antillas (most of them from Martinique and Santo Domin- go) I met, in some cases, difficulties with nomenclature. Indeed, even in families that have not been neglected in the 20th. @entury the cor- rect use of the binomial nomenclature is not the rule. For some unexplai- nable reasons some authors or some works are overlooked or misinterpret ed. These omissions cause many errors in current identification. Before 1753 botanists, including LINNAEUS, from various countries, named the species by protologues that gave a sort of synoptical descrip- tion in themselves; that was later called " polynomial nomenclature ", This differed from the binomial nomenclature recently elaborated in the Species Plantarum of Linnaeus. In order to establish all the names for his system, Linnaeus took up those protologues, extracting the most re- levant qualificative words that, to his mind fit best the character of the taxa. To cite some examples, BAUHIN, BARRELIER, BURMANN, FEUILLEE, MORRISON, PLUMIER, RAY, SAUVAGE and SLOANE were used, Following the first edition of the Species Plantarum, Jacquin adopting the practice of Linnaeus, specially in his Enumeratio Systematica Plantarum Plantae Insu- lae Caribaeis, 1760, published new species, trying to find names for his recent collections from the Caryibbean region. Plumier’s work furnished a number of " polynomial-basionyms" . Still, not all his protologues ha- ve become binomials, and AUBLET, after returning from his travels, and preparing his Flore de la Guiane Francoise, also used Plumier’s work, At the end of the 18th. century the literature available, particu- larly for tropical America, was limited and known to the botanists. Au- blet thought, correctly, that some of the species of the Antillean flo- ra would be in common with those of Freneh Guiana. Moreover, he had tra- velled in the island of Santo Domingo, between the 24th. of August 1764 till near the end of that year when he returned to France. In the list of the biliography used on page 32 of his work he mentioned Plumier’s published works (Catal. Pl., Genera Pl., Filices Americ., Plantae Ameri- canae) as well as the unpublished MSS and Burmann’s Plantarum Americana- rum (reproducing a part of Plumier’s icones) on page 30, Encountering some protologues not yet transformed into binomials he proceded in the same way as Linnaeus and Jacquin. As had his predecessors he cited the Plumier’s protologues, the citations of the Catalogus (Genera or Plan- tarum), Plantae Americanae, Filices, and Burmann’s protologues and pla- tes when available. He illustrated the taxa with the citation of the i- medit MSS icones. Since Aublet did not collect the plants, the plates become the types of the species, in the same manner as with the previous authors. On the other hand, when he described the plants of Guiana that he discovered, he wrote longer descriptions,gave the uses of the plants, the vernacular names, the ecology, habitat etc. This difference in me- thod for the descriptions is summarized on page xxvaj of his book ; --. "Quant aux genres & esp@éces bien determines & bien figurés, on s” 245 246 pe TO4 ae To Vol. 53, Now 4 est contenté d’en rapporter les noms connus, avec les phrases des Bota- nistes, & d’en indiquer les figures "(extracted from the Prospectus an- nouncing Aublet’s book) . LAMARCK and POIRET im Illustrations des Gen- res and in the Encyclopédie proceeded in the same way as the cited au- thors. However, Aublet’s work is not well interpreted and some of his na- mes based on previous publications of old authors are considered "dubi- ous", "excluded", &c. This has been the case for the three grasses of Plumier. Since they are species widely distributed in America and much research is carried out on this group of plants, and many Floras are in progress, I have decided to bring some order to the situation and offer this publication. PLUMIER described and illustrated three Gramineae from the Antile las. 1. Milium arundinaceum scandens et maculosum Plumier At present different names are applied to this species. R. HOWARD and Dulcie POWELL, while revising Antillean collections a few years a- go, named specimens in the herbarium of Paris following Urban (1921) . Curiously enough GOULD in Howard’s (edit.), Flora Lesser Antil., fol- lows Hitchcock (1917); his key gives inconsistent characters to sepa- rate the species. POHL, in BURGER, Fl. Costa Rica, also follows Hitch- cock. FQURNET, Fl. Guadeloupe, and ADAMS, Fl. Jamaica, use the correct name following Urban. DAVIDSE, in his revision of Lasiacis (1978), gives a key (p.1160) in which the entries 12 and 12” point out the differences between L. ligulata Hitchc. et Chase and L. sorghoidea (Desv. ex Hamilton) Hitchc. et Chase. Unfortunately, the characters used for the purpose are more quantitative than qualitative and therefore of questionable value for a widespread s ecies exhibiting numerous ecological variations. On pp. 1233 ~ 1234 he his reasons for excluding the name Panicum maculatum Aublet and Urban’s combination under Lasiacis. As these names are le= gitimate and validly published, as I have explained above, they must be used on the same bases as the names of Linnaeus and Jacquin. Summarizing: Milium arundinaceum, scandens et maculosum Plumier Panicum maculatum Aublet, Fl. Guiana Fr. 1: 51. 1775. Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 149, 1919; Beih. Rep. Sp. Now. 5: 135. 1920; Symb. Antil. 8: 32. 1921. Type Plumier MS 4: ic. 82 (from a plant from Martinique). Panicum latifolium L. var. B Lamarck, Encycl. Méthod. 4: 759. 1798, Type the same as above. Panicum lanatum Swartz, Prodr. 24, 1788. Type Yamaica. Panicum sorghoideum Desvaux ex Hamilton, Prodr. India Occ. 10. 1825. Type Sai Santo Domingo, Herb. Desvaux, P. Lasiacis ligulata Hitchc. et Chase, Contr. U.S.Nat. Herb. 18: 337.1917 Type Trinidad, near Port of Spain, ab. St. Ann, leg. Hitchcock 10007, 1983 Lourteig, Nomenclatura 247 28 XI 1912 US, isotype P. Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv. ex Ham.) Hitchc. et Chase, Contr. U.S.Nat. Herb. 18: 338. 1917. Lasiacis maculata (Aublet) Urban, Symb. Antil. 8: 751. 1921. The last name is the correct one to be used, A diagnosis is given by Aublet and the illustration is cited, preceded by Plumier’s proto- logue. 2. Milium latifolium sulcatum Plumier Again, Aublet described this as Panicum and Lamarck also cited it. When it was shown to be a species of Setaria the name of S. sulcata existing (illegitimate!) for another species the name of S. paniculi-~ fera was attributed to this taxon. In 1809 WILLDENOW described Panicum plicatum for India, which in fact, is a Setaria. Since Panicum plicatum Lamarck has priotity, Poie ret gave the new mame of P. palmifolium to Willdenow’s species. How ever, KOENIG had in 1788 given the same name to a species (that we now realise is conspecific ) from Siam. In Flora Bombay, T. COOKE, mistak- ingly establised the new combination, Setaria plicata, based on La- marck’s species of Panicum.Since the Indian species is identical to the American one, the nomenclature is as follows. Milium latifolium sulcatum Plumier Panicum sulcatum Aublet, Fl. Guiana Fran¢.1:50.1775.Based on Plumier® s protologue, and described by Aublet. Type Plumier MS 4: ic. 105 (from a plant from Martinique). Panicum plicatum Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Berol. 1033. Type India.Non P. plicatum Lamarck 17913 Panicum palmifolium Koenig, Naturforscher 23 : 208. 1788. Type Siam. Panicum paniculiferum Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glum. 1? 54, 1854 illegitima— te! Type: Mexico, Oaxaca, 3000 ped., leg. Galeotti 5858 Setaria suleata (Aublet) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 30: 108, 1924, Type P. sulcatum Aublet. Setaria paniculifera (Steud.) Fournier in Hemsley, Biol, Centr. Ameri- cana 3: 505, 1885. Setaria plicata (Lamarck) Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 919. 1908.Type P. pli-~ catum Lam. P--LAM. Setaria palmifolia (Koenig) Stapf, J. Linn. Soc. London 42: 186. 1914 Original description of Panicum palmifolium Koenig (by the cour- tesy of F. R. Fosberg) : " In Siam aber wachst ein Panicum, wel- ches solche gefurchte Blatter hat, als wie der ersten Blétter der Palmaarten sind. Dieses wird iiber Mannshoch, und ich habe es der Blatter wegen, Panicum palmaefolium genennt; es kGnnte aber, fiig- licher als jennes, arborescens heissen". (1) Setaria sulcata (Bertol.) Raddi, Agrostol. Brasil. 50, 1623 bas- ed on Panicum sulcatum Bertoloni, Opuscul. Scientif., (Bologna) 4 ¢ 230, 1820, 248 Pw VT Ob Oe 18 Vol. 53, Noe 4 This lastname is the one that must be used for the species of Ame- rica as well for the Indian specimens. Even if the authorship is not well expressed, Hitchcock has used this name in his Manual Grasses of the West Indies. BOR, in Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan has accepted all three names (S. paniculifera, plicata and palmifolia) without comment. 3. Gramen avenaceum lappulatum Plumier AUBLET published this protologue in the genus Pharus, and it was thus recorded by Poiret in Encyclopédie Méthodique, the species is distinct from Pharus latifolius L. However, later on a new species was described for America, Pharus glaber H.B.K., which in fact is the same as Aublet’s. Well illustrated by Lamarck, tab. 769 and by Pohl, Flora Costa Rica, fig. 180, the differences between the two taxa are the dif- ferent proportion in lenght of the fruit and the glumes and the pubes- cence of the lemnas. The leaves are also different in shape and the e- pidermes are different. Summarizing: Pharus lappulaceus Aublet, Fl. Guiana Fran¢. 2: 859.1775. Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Méthod. 257. 1804. Based on Plumier’s protologue and described by Aublet. Syn. : Pharus glaber H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 196, 1815. Type:No~ va Andalusiae, pr. Caripe, 430 hexap. IX P. The name to be used is that of Aublet. The species can be well distinguished. However, it seems to me that perhaps hybrids are found in nature. I have observed, in a well developed inflorescence, fruits showing the characters of one species and others of the other, both normally-shaped. I am indebted to my colleagues Drs. F. Ray FOSBERG and Thomas SOQ- BERSTROM , both from Smithsonian institution, for their friendly ard for the reading of my manuscript . Particularly I thank the former for his observation of the Asiatic materials and the type-specimen of Pe- nicum palmifolium Koenig, at the British Museum; the latter for lao- king at the North American collections of Lasiacis ligulata and its type-specimen. I thank Dr. Paul HIEPKO from the Botanisches Museum of Berlin for the excellent phototypes of the Herbarium Willdenow. BIBLIOGRAPHY AUBLET, F., Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Francoise, rangées sui~ vant la méthode sexuelle,.... 1 and 2. 1775. Paris. BOR, N.L., The Grasses of Burman, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (Exclud- ing Bambuseae) London 1960. BURMANN, J., Plantarum Americanarum continens Plantas, quas olim Ca- rolus Plumerius, Botanicorum Princeps detexit, eruitque, 1983 Lourteiq, Nomenclatura 249 atque in Insulis Antillis ipse depinxit. 1755 - 1760.Ams- telaedami. COOKE, Th., Gramineae in Flora of the Presidency of Bombay 2 (4): 907- 1052. 1907. Bombay. DAVIDSE, G., A systematic study of the Genus Lasiacis (Gramineae: Pa- niceae ). Ann. Miss. Bot. Garden 65: 1133 - 1254, fig. 1 a Zl 1978. GOULD, F. W., Gramineae in HOWARD, R. A., Flora of Lesser Antilles... 3: 25 et seq. 1979, Harvard University. HITCHCOCK, A. S., Manual of Grasses of West Indies. 1936. Washington . -- (and A. CHASE), Manual of the Grasses of the United S- tates. 1950. Washington. KOENIG, J. G., XI Botanische Bemerkungen aus Briefen des sel,Herrn D, Joh. Gerh. Kinig an den Herausgeber. Naturforscher 23 : 208. 1788. POHL, Re We, Gramineae in BURGER, W., Flora Costaricensis, Fieldiana nee. 4. 1988. HACKEL, E. et al. in URBAN, I., Gramineae in Symbolae Antillana 8; 31 = 323.363 .d06 1920. Muséum National d°’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005. France. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL VIOLACEAE TRIBE RINOREEAE II. FOUR NEW SPECIES AND SOME NEW COMBINATIONS IN RINOREA. W.H.A. Hekking Institute for Systematic Botany, State University Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, de Uithof, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands. Rinorea hirsuta Hekking from Pananma and Colombia, R. pectino- squamata from French Guiana and R. villosiflora from Maranhao, Brazil, are published here as new in anticipation of a revision in Flora Neotropica. R. ramiziana Glaziou ex Hekking from S.E. Brazil is validated based on Alsodeia ramiziana Glaziou nom. ined. R. passoura (DC) Kuntze var. andersonii Sandwith ex Hekking 1979 fo. leiosperma is placed in the synonymy of R. passoura (DC) Kuntze var. grandifolia (Eichler in Martius) Hekking comb. nov. based on Alsodeia falcata Martius ex Eichler var. grandifolia Eichler 1871. Subsequently R. passoura (DC) Kuntze var. andersonii Sandwith ex Hekking 1979 is renamed R. passoura (DC) Kuntze var. grandifolia (Eichler in Martius) Hekking fo. andersonii (Sandwith ex Hekking) stat. nov. Rinorea hirsuta Hekking sp. nov., pl. 1, 2 f. 1 Arbuscula. Folia spurie opposita ovata acuminata vel cuspidata, venis lateralibus 9-14 (apice excluso), supra in costa et venis hirsuta, subtus fusco-hirsuta; venulis reticulatis, apice obtuso vel acutiusculo; marginibus subserratis vel subcrenatis; basi rotundata vel cuneata. Inflorescentia solitaria racemosa. Sepala subaequalia apice pilosella. Petala aequalia, obtusiuscula, cili- (ol)ata. Stamina libera, thecis apiculatis; connectivo dorsaliter glabro, producto in squama fusca glabra ovata obtusa. Ovarium glo- bosum dense pilosellum, ovulis 3xl. Stylus basi curvatus, stigmate pulvinato papilloso. Capsula subglobosa vel trigona, dehiscens in 3 valvis subaequalibus dense velutinis. Stamina subglobosa, Elabra,; 3xl: Treelet, 1.0-4.0 m tall. Branchlets hispid(ulous), later on glabrate with ligneous lenticels. Leaves apparently opposite; two kinds of stipules, deciduous; narrowly subulate 2.0-9.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, hispidulous, black-purple mucronulate; and deltoid 3.0 mm long and wide, herbaceous, appressed goldish pilosellous, ciliate, purple-mucronulate; petioles 0.3-1.5 cm long, densely hispidulous; lamina papery 8.0-20.0 cm long, 3.25-9.0 cm wide, (narrowly) ovate, at widest in 1/2-1/3 basal part, tapering into the apex or acuminate to cuspidate, underneath densely fusco-hirsute; costa and veins hispidulous above, densely fusco-hirsute underneath; lateral veins 9-14 (apex excluded); veinlets reticulate densely fusco-hirsute underneath; 250 1983 Hekking, Studies on neotropical Violacese 251 apex 0.0-3.5 cm, acutish to obtusish, black-purple mucronu- late; base rounded to cuneate, sometimes obtusish at the very base. Racemes solitary, axillary or apparently terminal, 5.25-10.0 cm long, 1.0 cm wide, hispidulous; pedicels articulate at the base, 2.0-6.0 mm long, hispidulous; rhachis and pedicels of frutescence subligneous; bracts and bractlets close together at the base of the pedicels, soon deciduous, + 1.5 mm long and wide, deltoid, herbaceous, densely appressed pilosellous, ciliate. Flower buds conical, acutish, nodding. Sepals subequal 1.25- 2.0 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, ovate to deltoid, herbaceous, appressed pilosellous near the apex, ciliate. Petals 4.25 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, ovate to deltoid, acuminate, obtuse to acutish, appressed pilosellous at the apex; margin ciliolate. Stamens 3.0 mm long; filaments free, 0.5-0.75 mm long, + 0.25 mm wide, glabrous, + 1/2 x as long as the thecae; glands free, connate with the filaments, slightly longer than the filaments, 0.6-0.8 mm long, + 0.25 mm wide, carnose, glabrous, apex obtuse and free; thecae + 1.5 cm long, 0.50-0.75 mm wide, ovate, acuminate; connective outside 1.0-1.25 mm long, + 0.25 mm wide, narrowly ovate to lineary, obtuse, glabrous; connective scales + 2.5 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, scarious, ovate, obtuse, ‘subentire, suberose at the base, fuscous. Ovary globose, + 0.75 mm long and wide, densely goldish pilosellous, placentation 3xl. Style 2.5 mm long, filiform, curved at the base, + 0.25 mm ex- ceeding the stamens; stigma 0.1 mm long and wide, pulvinate, papillose. Capsula ovoid or trigonous; valves subequal + 1.5 mm long, + 0.5 mm wide, acuminate, subligneous, subvenose, velutinous. Seeds 3xl, subglobose to pyriform, 6.0-8.0 m, glabrous. Type: Hartman 12230, 29 December 1980 (f1.) (holotype U, isotype MO (not seen). "Shrub to 1 m. tall, flowers yellow, Rio Balso between Manene and Rio Coasi riverside; Darién, Panama." Paratypes: Romero Castafieda 4671, 2 July 1954 (fr.), (COL). "Arbusto de 4 metros. Alrededores del Salto del Rio Truandé, Departamento Choc6, Colombia." Gentry 15173, 15 July 1975 (fr.) (MO, U) "Shrub 3 m., fruit green. Trail from Unguia toward base of Cerro Tacaruna, near Rio Tigre, altitude 200-300 m. Departamento Chocé, Colombia." R. hirsuta is named for its hirsute indument on the under- side of the lamina of the leaves. This new species occurs in N.W. Colombia and adjacent Panama. As to its relatives, R. antoquiensis is known from N.W. Colombia only, while R. viridifolia occurs over a wider area of western S. America; R. squamata is endemic to C. America. Smith & Fernandez (1954) identified the Colombian species Castaneda 4671 (fr.) as R. riana (DC) Kuntze, because of the shape of the leaves and the fuscous velutinous capsula. This species differs completely from R. riana by the densely fuscous hirsute indument on the underside of the leaves. 252 SVT Ore Gee: Tn Vol, 53, Now 4 In R. riana, the underside of the leaves is completely glabrous. In R. hirsuta the venation is widely reticulate, in R. riana densely reticulate. The branchlets of R. riana are often reddish when dried and provided with large whitish callose lenticels. In R. hirsuta such lenticels are wanting. The pedicels of R. hirsuta are articulate at the base; therefore the bracts and bractlets are inserted closely together at the base of the pedicels. By this character this species belongs to the cluster of R. viridifolia, R. antioquiensis and R. squamata, but R. hirsuta is distinghuished by: < 1. the larger leaves with a lamina up to 20 cm long and 9 cm wide; 2. the lamina, costa, veins and veinlets densely fusco- hirsute; 3. the thecae 2.0-3.0 x as long as the filaments (in the other species only 0.75-1.5 x); the fusco-velutinous capsula; )' the fuscous connective scales (orange-brown in the three other species). nn & Rinorea pectino-squamata Hekking sp. nov., pl. 1, f. 2 Arbuscula. Folia spurie opposita, ovata, acuminata vel cuspidata; costa supra glabra, subtus glabrata; venis lateralibus 9-11 (apice excluso); venulis reticulatis; apice obtusiusculo vel acutiusculo, interdum falcato; marginibus subintegris; basi rotundata vel cuneata. Inflorescentia racemosa. Sepala subaequalia vel inaequalia, pilosella, cili(ol)ata. Petala aequalia, sparse ciliolata. Stamina anteriora filamentis cum glandulis connatis; filamento et glandulo posteriore libris; connectivo dorsaliter lineari glabro, producto in squama glabra apice erosa, basi pectinata. Ovarium globosum pilosum, ovulis 3x2. Stylus filiformis erectus vel leviter curvatus; stigmate truncato. Treelet. Branchlets appressed pilose when young, later on glabrate. Leaves apparently opposite; stipules (narrowly) deltoid, acutish, 0.5-1.25 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, herbaceous, appressed pilose to glabrate, slightly ciliolate; petioles 5.0-12.0 mm long, sparsely appressed pilose when young, later on glabrous; lamina papery to herbaceous, glabrous, 7.0-17.25 cm long, 3.0-6.5 cm wide, (narrowly) ovate, at widest in 1/2-1/3 basal part, acuminate to cuspidata; costa above glabrous, underneath glabrate, sparsely pilosellous when young; lateral veins 9-11 (apex excluded), glabrous; veinlets reticulate; apex 1.0-2.0 cm long, sometimes falcate, obtusish to acutish, purple mucronulate; margin subentire; base rounded to cuneate, sometimes attenuate at the very base or slightly decurrent into the petiole. Racemes solitary, axillary or apparently terminal, (0.5)1.25-17.25 cm long, 0.25 cm wide, pilose(llous); pedicels + 1.0 mm long, articulate in 1/5 basal )' The fruits of R. antioquiensis are unknown 1983 Hekking, Studies on neotropical Violaceas 253 part, pilose(llous); bracts and bractlets separated, although closely together, deltoid to ovate, acutish to obtusish, purple mucronulate, herbaceous, carnose along the costa, indistinctly 4-5 venose, pilosellous along the costa, ciliolate; bracts 1.0-1.25 mm long, 1.0 mm wide; bractlets 0.3 mm long, + 0.25 m wide. Flower buds ovoid, conical, erect, later on deflexed. Sepals subequal to unequal, 0.5-1.25 mm long, 0.3-0.6 mm wide, ovate to deltoid, obtuse, purple mucronulate, herbaceous, sometimes purple punctate, pilose(llous) along the costa, cili(ol)ate. Petals 2.5-3.25 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, ovate, obtuse, herbaceous, carnose along median part, scarious along margin, glabrous, + purple striate at the base or along the costa, sparsely ciliolate. Stamens 2.0 mm long; filaments of the 4 anterior filaments connected by fused dorsal glands; posterior filament and gland free; filament 0.25 mm long, 0.2 mm wide; glandular tissue 0.3 mm high, glabrous; thecae 0.75 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, glabrous, unappendaged; connective scales 1.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, ovate, obtuse, erose near the apex, pectinate near the base, scarious, orange brown. Ovary subglobose 1.0 mm long and wide, containing 3x2 ovules, orange-brown pilose. Style 1.5 mm long, erect to slightly curved, filiform, glabrous, 0.2-0.5 mm exceeding the stamens; stigma truncate. Fruits unknown. Type: Riera 470, 18 July 1982, (alab, fl.) (holotype U, isotype CAY, not seen) "Piste de St. Elie, km 13" French Guiana. R. pectino-squamata is named for its deeply erose connec- tive scales, that are pectinate-erose just behind the thecae. The species is related to R. deflexa and R. ovalifolia because the anterior filaments are united by fusion of the dorsal glands; the posterior filament is still free because its dorsal gland is not fused. This species is characteristic by its large obovate leaves at widest in 1/2-1/3 basal part and by the distinctly smaller flowers. R. pectino-squamata differs from R. deflexa and R. ovalifolia by: 1. the branchlets glabrate (in the other species distinctly hairy); 2. the short pedicels, only 1.0 mm long (in R. deflexa 2.0-2.5 mm long; in R. ovalifolia 3.0-6.0 mm long); 3. the sepals only 0.5-1.25 mm long, 0.3-6.0 mm wide (in R. deflexa 1.4-1.8 mm long, 0.75-1.0 mm wide; in R. ovalifolia 1.5-3.0 mm long, 1.0-1.75 mm wide); 4. the petals 3.0-5.0 x as long as the sepals (in the both other species 2.0-2.5 x); 5. the petals 2.0-2.5 x as long as wide (in R. ovalifolia 3.0 x and in R. deflexa 4.0 x); 6. the petals tend to be carnose (in the other species herbaceous) ; 7. the stamens 2.0 mm long (in the other species + 3.0 mm long); 8. the connective scales distinctly pectinate-erose at the base; 9. the style 1.5 mm long (in the other species + 2.0 mm long); 254 GD. eV. To O.4-.0-G. 1A Vol, 53, No. 4 R. pectino-squamata has only been collected in French Guiana; R. deflexa occurs endemic in N.W. Ecuador, W. of the Cordilleras near Atacama. R. ovalifolia occurs over a wide area of tropical S. America, E. of the Cordilleras (Amazonia s.l1.); Venezuela (Orinoco), N. Bolivia, N. Paraguay and Maranhdo and the areas in between; the species is unknown in the Guianas. Rinorea villosiflora Hekking sp. nov., pl. 1, 2 f. 3 Arbuscula. Folia spurie opposita obovate cuspidata, venis lateralibus 8-14 (apice excluso), venulis scalariformibus, apice acuto, marginibus serr(ul)atis seu cren(ul)atis; basi obtuso-rotundata. Inflorescentia thyrsoidea solitaria; cymulis 3-7(?) floris. Sepala subaequalia, pilosella. Petala aequalia, anguste ovata vel deltoidea, acuminata, acutiuscula, villosa. Stamina subsessilia, filamentis brevibus, thecis apiculatis; connectivo dorsaliter dense villoso, producto in squama ovata obtusa cinnamomea dorsaliter dense villosa. Ovarium subglobosum vel pyriforme, dense pilosellum et leviter pilosum, ovulis 3xl. Stylus erectus, basi pilosellus. Capsula globosa, dehiscens in 3 valvis inaequalibus coriaceis. Semina subglobosa, glabra, 3xl. Treelet of 4 m 50 tall. Branchlets hispidulous to puberulous. Leaves opposite, sometimes also ternate; stipules deciduous, herbaceous, strigillose; petioles + 1.0 cm long, hispidulous to puberulous; lamina papery 4.0-11.5 cm long, 2.0-5.0 cm wide, elliptic to (ob)ovate, cuspidate, glabrous on both sides; costa above glabrous, slightly hispidulous near the base; costa under- neath hispidulous near the base; domatia wanting; lateral veins 8-14 (apex excluded); veinlets scalariform; apex 0.1-0.6 cn, acute; margin cren(ul)ate to serr(ul)ate, purple mucronulate; base rounded to cuneate. Inflorescence thyrsoid, solitary, terminal or axillary, 7.5 cm long, 1.0 cm wide, hispidulous, cymules with 3-7(?) flowers; common peduncles 2.0-4.0 mm long, hispidulous; pedicels 2.0-3.5 mm long, articulate near the middle, hispidulous; bract(let)s + 1.0 mm long and wide, ovate to deltoid, hispidulous, ciliolate. Sepals subequal, 2.0 m long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, ovate, obtuse, herbaceous, + 3-venose, costa strongly ribbed, pilosellous outside, glabrate inside, ciliate. Petals 4.25 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, narrowly deltoid to ovate, acuminate, herbaceous, densely whitish pilose along the median costa on both sides; margin glabrous; apex acute or acutish. Stamens 2.0 mm long, subsessile; filaments and dorsal glands 0.2 mm high, connate to a tube, secondarly broken into free parts 0.5 mm wide; tube glabrous; thecae 1.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, appendaged by 2 cusps; connective 1.75 mm long and 0.25 mm wide on both sides, dorsally villose, ventrally glabrous; connective scales 1.75 mm long, 1.0-1.25 mm wide, ovate, obtuse, suberose, scarious, partly brownish, partly transparent, dorsally villose. Ovary subglobose to subconical, + 1.25 mm long, + 1.0 mm wide, goldish hispidulous, placenta- tion 3xl. Style 2.0 m erect, filiform to subclaviculate, 1983 Hekking, Studies on neotropical Violaceae 255 exceeding stamens + 0.3 mm; stigma truncate, slightly thickened. Capsula ovoid to globose, acuminate; valves unequal, 0.5 cm long, 0.25-0.50 cm wide, outside densely hispidulous to velutinous and less densely erect pilose, inside densely villose. Seeds 3x1, globose to pyriform, 3.0 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, glabrous. Type: Rosa & Villar 3025, 17 December 1978, (fl., fr.) (holotype U, isotype INPA (not seen), NY (not seen)). "Arbusto de 4.50 m. da altura, frutos imaturos verde. Maranhdo, fazenda Sta Maria, margem esquerda de Rod. BR-222, km 45 de Agailandia. Floresta de terra firme, relevo plano." R. villosiflora is named for its villose indument of the connective and connective scales. The species has hitherto been collected only in the state of Maranhao, Brazil; R. sprucei and R. vaupesana occur endemic along the Rio Vaupés; Be racemosa is widely spread over Amazonia. R. villosiflora is related to R. racemosa, R. sprucei and R. vaupesana by its opposite leaves with scalariform veinlets, its thyrsoid inflorescences, its dorsal glands and filaments united to a tube and the chartaceous capsula dehiscent into three unequal valves. This new species differs however by: 1. the smaller leaves only up to 11.5 cm long; 2. the lower number of lateral veins of only 8-J4 (in the other species 10-21); 3. the underside of the lamina glabrous (in the other species densely appressed pilosellous); 4. the margin of the lamina crenulate to serrulate (in the other species subentire); 5. the petals narrowly deltoid to acuminate; 6. the upper margin of the filamental tube glabrous (in the other species hairy); 7. the dorsal side of connective and connective scales densely villose (glabrous in the other species); 8. the capsula densely hispidulous to velutinous and less densely pilose (in R. vaupesana only densely pilosellous, in the other species glabrous); 9. the valves inside densely villose (in the other species glabrous). Rinorea ramiziana Glaziou ex Hekking sp. nov., pl. 1, 2 f. 4. Alsodeia ramiziana Glaziou, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52 (=serie 4: 5) mém. 3a: 22. 1905, nomen nudum; Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20(13): 517.1924 as "species dubia ob nomine nudo et ab auctore non observata." Arbuscula. Folia alternantia, in apicibus ramulorum congesta; anguste elliptica obovatave glaberrima; venis lateralibus 8-16 (apice excluso); venulis reticulatis; apice acuminato, acuto vel obtuso; marginibus subintegris, incrassatis, reflexis; basi rotun- data. Inflorescentia thyrsoidea. Sepala aequalia, anguste ovata, 256 AMV TDA DL LA Vol. 53, No. 4 in apice pilosella; marginibus ciliolatis. Stamina filamentis connatis; thecis 2-mucronatis; connectivo dorsaliter pro majore parte glabro, producto in squama dorsaliter dense villosa. Ovarium ovoideum, ovulis 3xl. Stylus erectus, filiformis vel apice claviformis; stigmate truncato. Capsula elliptica vel orbicularis, dehiscens in valvis subaequalibus, coriaceis vel subligneis, venosis, sparse pilosis. Semina subglobosa, glabra, 3zL Treelet, 3.0-5.0 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, in sicco porphyreous. Leaves alternate, congested on nodia near the apex of the branchlets; stipules deciduous, deltoid, + 2.0 mm long, + 1.0 mm wide, acutious, purple mucronulate, herbaceous to coriaceous, hispid(ulous) along the costa, margin glabrate; petioles 1.5-5.0 mm long, minutely pilosellous above; glabrous underneath; lamina papery to coriaceous 5.25-12.75 cm long, 2.0-5.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, glabrous; costa and veins glabrous on both sides; lateral veins (8)11-16 (apex excluded); veinlets reticulate; apex 0.0-0.2 cm long, acutish to obtuse, minutely purple mucronulate; margin subentire thickened and slightly reflexed, purple mucronulate; base cuneate to rounded, sometimes slightly oblique rounded at the very base. Thyrses 5.0-10.0 cm long, 1.0-2.0 cm wide, solitary or 2-fasciculate, laxiflorous, slightly pilosellous to glabrous; cymules containing 1-3 flowers often together with 2-5 undevelopped flower buds; common peduncles 1.25-3.0 mm long, slightly pilosellous; pedicels 1.25-2.0 mm long, articulate in 1/3 basal part, slightly pilosellous; bracts and bractlets subequal 0.75-1.0 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, acutish, purple mucronulate, herbaceous, glabrous, margin scarious and cili- olate. Flower buds ovoid to conical, apex acutious. Sepals subequal, 1.75 mm long, 1.25-1.50 mm wide, deltoid to ovate, acute to obtusious, black-purple mucronulate, herbaceous, 1-3 venose, glabrous, margin scarious, cilioate. Petals 4.75- 5.25 mm long, 1.50-1.75 mm wide, narrowly ovate, acuminate, herbaceous, pilosellous at the apex; apex obtusious to acutious; margin glabrous. Stamens 3.25 mm long; filaments 0.1-0.2 mm long, connate to a tube, glabrous; glandular tissue fused; thecae subsessile 2.0 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, 2-mucronate; connective outside + 0.75 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, narrowly deltoid, glabrous, or only hairy at the apex; connective scales 3.0 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, ovate, obtuse, erose, scarious, densely villose outside. Ovary ovoid, + 1.25 mm long, + 0.75 mm wide, pilose to villose, containing 3x1 ovules, inserted at the base of the placenta. Style + 2.5 mm long, erect, glabrous, pilose(llous) at the base, filiform, slightly clubshaped near the apex, + 0.5 mm exceeding the stamens; stigma truncate, at the apex open. Capsula elliptic or orbicular, acuminate; bract(let)s, sepals, petals, stamens and style subpersistent; valves unequal + 10 mm long, 4.5-7.0 mm wide, coriaceous to slightly ligneous, venose, sparsely pilose; seeds 3xl, subglobose, 4.0 mm long, 5.0 mm wide, glabrous. 1983 Hekking, Studies on neotropical Violaceae 257 Type: Glaziou 12425, April-May 1881, comm. A. Glaziou, Feb. 1882, (f1.) (holotype P (Herbier de Glaziou), isotypes K, LE, P) "campos 4 Itacca, (Estado do) Rio (de) Janeiro, Brésil." Paratypes: Brade, Altamiro & Apparicio 18087 (6 May 1946) (alab.3°£1. 5 fr.) CRE)" "Vitoria; Vila vetha, ‘Estado’ de Esprrreu Santo, Brazil"; Kuhlmann 215, 15 April 1934, (alab.) (RB) "Lagao do Durao, Rio Doce, Espiritu Santo" Brazil; This species occurs on "Campos" and "Mata" in S.E. Brazil (States of Espiritu Santo and Rio de Janeiro). R. ramiziana differs from R. physiphora as well as R. maximiliana by: i 1. its pedicels shorter than 3.0 m; . its thyrsoid inflorescence; 3. its style shorter than 3.0 m. In R. ramiziana the ovules are inserted at the base of the placenta, in the two other species on the middle of the placenta. In R. ramiziana and R. maximiliana the connectives are dorsally glabrous and the connective scales dorsally hairy. In R. physiphora the presence of the indument is just reversed, i.e. the connective is dorsally hairy and the connective scales are glabrous. R. ramiziana, R. physiphora and R. ramiziana occur endemic in the coastal area of S.E. Brazil in the understory of the local rain-forests. R. physiphora is also recorded from the Plan Alto and along the Rio Paraguay; the other species ar not collected there till yet. Rinorea passoura (DC) Kuntze var. grandifolia (Eichler in Martius) Hekking comb. nov. fo. grandifolia Alsodeia falcata Martius ex Eichler in Martius var. grandifolia Eichler in Martius Fl. Bras. 13(1): 386.1871 Type: Martii iter brasiliense (lectotype Martius (123), (fr.)3 (isolectotypes Martius’ (124), C'25), (126), 701 27) (alab., fr.) "Habitat in sylvis ad Ega (=Teffé), Provincia Rio Negro, Brasilia." Rinorea grandifolia (Eichler) Melchior comb. nov. ined. in schedis. Rinorea scandens Ule, Verh. Not. Ver. Prov. Brandenburg 47: 157. 1905 (1906). Type: Ule 5018, October 1900, (alab., f1., fr.) (holotype B (burned during World War II); lectotype HBG; isolectotypes F (fragment + photograph), G. L.) "Kletterstrauch, Bluten strohgelb, Itanga (Marary), Jurud, Estado de Amazonas, Brazil." "seminibus ad valvam glabris" (seeds glabrous, teste Ule l.c. 1905 (1906)). 258 BoM Yoh Ol OG IA Vol. 53, Now 4 Rinorea passoura (DC) Kuntze var. andersonii Sandwith ex Hekking, Phytologia 34: 480. 1979 fo. leiosperma Hekking l.c. Type: Duque Jaramillo 2015, November 1945, (fragm. f1., fr.) (holotype COL) "Trapecio Amazénico entre rios Loretoyacuy Hamacayacu, orilla del Loretoyacu, 250 m. alt."' Departemento Amazonas, Colombia. Rinorea passoura (DC) Kuntze var. grandifolia (Eichler in Martius) Hekking fo. andersonii (Sandwith ex Hekking) Hekking stat. nov. Rinorea passoura (DC) Kuntze var. andersonii Sandwith ex Hekking, Phytologia 34: 479. pls... AS lg79 Type: Fanshawe F. 2463 = FDG 5199, 8 April 1945, (f1., fr.) "Barima River: opposite Anabisi Creek, 6 ft shrub of Mora Forest. Flowers pale cream. "Mamusaré" Arawak. British Guiana." Rinorea pulleana Melchior, nomen nudum in The AL was and scr Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 21: 352. 1925; Lemée, Fl. Guian. France, . 32560)" 1953. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS : author wishes to express his gratitude to Professor Dr. . Stoffers, under whose directorship the present study carried out. Thanks are also due to Dr. S.R. Gradstein Mr L.Y.Th. Westra for reading and correcting the manu- ipt, Mrs. Jhakrie for typing the manuscript. The Nether- lands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.) enabled the author to visit some herbaria. Bla Eic REFERENCES: ke, S.F. 1924. Revision of the American species of Rinorea. Gontr. U.S, Nat. Serb: 2022419-518... pl. 31-37. hler, A.W. 1871. Violaceae in C.F.P. Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 13(1): 346-396. pl. 69-80. Hekking, W.H.A. 1979. Studies on Neotropical Violaceae tribe Rinorea I. New Taxa and Synonymy in Gloeospermum and Rinorea, Phytologia 42(5): 461-490. pl. 1-3. map 1. Lemée, A. 1953. Violacées, Flore de la Guiane Frangaise Mel (Paris) 3: 58-60. chior, H. 1925. Violaceae. Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2 24 329-363.., £. Th6-F5/5 1983 Hekking, Studies on neotropical Violaceae 259 Smith, L.B. & A. Fernandez-P. 1954. Revisio Violacearum Colombiae. Caldasia 6(28): 83-181. t. 1-19. Ule, E. 1905 (1906). Violaceae in R. Pilger et alii. Beitrage zur Flora der Hylaea nach den Sammlungen von E. Ule. Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenburg 47: 157-158. ILLUSTRATIONS (by the author) PE). Stowers 7 fates oP ees FAs Pls. 22 Gapsulas, £.15.,-———, £.3., £.4. f.1. Rinorea hirsuta Hekking sp. nov. f.2. Rinorea pectino-squamata Hekking sp. nov. f£.3. Rinorea villosiflora Hekking sp. nov. £.4, Rinorea ramiziana Glaziou ex Hekking sp. nov. Noe 4 Vol. 53, PME TDi OeG- Tih 260 Be inh: aaa es 1983 Hekking, Studies on neotropical Violaceae 261 a iA |, bi DM ui MM Ng Pi \ 1 jt —S= ) iN) ) kali Whey NW) y SS ia ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERTOCAULACEAE. LXXXV Harold Ne Moldenke ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. Additional & emended bibliography: Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 612--613 & 865. 18323 Anone, Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. lll & 209. 19593 Ce Le & Ae Ae Lundell, Wrightia 7: 226. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 53: 216-- 225. 1983. CARPTOTEPALA JENMANI (Gleason) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 53: 224. 1983, Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: 8. M:gquire 335l6a (We-2168911); Steyermark 76016 (W--2407782), 76057 (w--2407785 ); Steyermark & Wurdack 365 (W--2168507, wW--2407716), 476 (W-- 2168510, W--2407719). GUYANA: Maguire & Fanshawe 32312 (wW-- 2168880), 32643 (W--2168887). ~ er ERTOCAULON Gron,. Additional bibliography: Mayuranathan, Bull. Madras Gov. Muse, SOT e 2» pl. 38. 1929; Ce Ao Gardne, Enume Pl. Austral. Occid. ls 17. 19303 Ge Te Stavens, Illust. Flow, Ple Midd. Atle Ne Enge St. pl. 9. 19303 Komarov & Klobukova-Alisova, Key Pl. Far East. USSR [Opred. Rast. Dal*nevost. Kr.] lz: 340, pl. 105. 19313 Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 248, 316, & 554. 19313; Vasinger-Alektorova, Bull. Appl. Bot. 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Cience Agrare Mand. 63 39—-51. 19573 Wang, Pollen Gr. China. 19603 Beadle, Evans, & Carolin, Handb. Vasce Pl. Sydney Dist. 483. 19623; Bennett, Sci. Cult. 33s 121. 19673 Huang, Taiwania 15: 152-- 153. 19703 Rouleau, Guide Ind. Kew. 31, 39, 40, 59, 68, 71, 105, 109, 127, 160, 177, 183, & 270. 19703 Balapure, Journ. Bomb, Nat. Histe Soc. 68: 374, 1971; Lawrence, Taxon, Vasce Ple, impe 2, 404, 405, & 792, Fige 83. 1971; Ce De Adams, Flow. Pl. Jamaic. 4l. 19723 Te Be Muir, Muelleria 2: 140, 19723 Shimakura, Spec. Publ. Osaka Mus. Nat. Hist. 5: 1-60. 19733 Soerjan in Vanshney & Rz6ska, Aquat. Weeds Southeast Asia 64. 19733 Thanikaimoni, Inst. France Pond. Trav. Sect. Scient. Teche 12 (2): 50. 19733 Le He & 262 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 263 Ee Ze Bailey, Hortus Sec.e, imp. 2, 286. 19743 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. Ae23: 388 & 389. 1974; Leon & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, ls 279 ma28l, fige 112 & 113. 19743 Napp-Zinn, Anat. Blatt. A (1): 228, 247, 360, & 555. 19743; Rotherham, Briggs, Blaxell, & Carolin, Flowe Ple Ne Se Wales 50 & 187, pl. 121. 1975§. Le He & Es Ze Bai ley, Hortus Third 440, 1976; Bennet, Fl. Howrah 98-~99. 1976; Sri- vastava, Fl. Gorek. 331. 19763 Thanikaimoni, Inst. Frange Pond. Trave Sect. Scient. Tech. 13: 91, 285, 332, 353, & 384. 19763; Ama- ratunga, Ceyle Journ. Scie Biol, 12: 189, 1977; Babu, Herb. Fl. Dehra Dun 13, 17, 26, 39, & 546--548, 1977; Bole & Almeida, Journ. Bomb. Nate Histe Soce 74: 226—--227. 1977; Latorre, Ortego, & Inca, Cienc. Naturaleza 18: 62. 19773 Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5: [179]—--188, pl. 1313-21316. 19783; C. D. Cook in Heywood, Flow. Pl. World 281 & 282, 19783 Giul., Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 6: 39--47, fig. 1 & 2. 1978: Haslam, River Pl. 287. 19783 Hocking, Excerpt. Bote A.S5: 16--17, 1978; Monteiro-Scanavacca & Mazzoni, Revist. Brase Bot. l: [59] & 63. 1978; Moore & Webb, Illustr. Cuide Pollen Anal. 36 & 56, pl. 15. 19783; Rao & Khark., Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soce 753 275 & 279, 19783 Sharma, Shetty, Vivekan., & Rathakrishe, Journ. Bomb. Nate Hist. Soce 75: 38. 19783 Singh, Journ. Bomb. Nate Hist. Soce 75: 318, 19783; Johnson & Fowles, Heritage Me. Wild Fls. 66, 67, 226, 296, & 311. 19783 Re Je & Co Se Taylor in Re Je Taylor, New Rare Infr. Coll. Pl. [Herbs SE. Okla. St. Univ. Publ, 23] 44-46, 85, 100, & 101, fig. 4. 1978; Ajilvsai, Wild Flow. Big Thicket 59 & 107--108, 1979; Erickson, George, Marchant, & Mor= combe, Fls. Pl. West. Austr., ade 2, 176, 219, & 225, pl. 565. 1979; Holm, Pancho, Herberger, & Plucknett, Geogr. Atlas world Weeds 148, 1979; Klein, Sellowia 3l: 132. 1979; Kral in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. Southeast. U. S. 505--518 & 520, fide 293--299, 1979; Mold., Phytologia 41: 410--430, 451--462, 464, 470, 471, & 506 (1979), 42: 39 & 506 (1979), 43: 222 & 503 (1979), and 44: 123, 134, 384, & 507. 1979; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Unive Se Paulo 7: [43], 45--49, 51, & 56, Fige 26-044, 19793 Pursh, Fl. Amer. Septe, imp. 2 [ed. Ewan}, 91--92. 19793 Van Royen, Alpine Fl. Ne Guin. ls 208, 21l, & 213, fig. 48 (1979) and 2: 823--843. 19793 He. Walte, Vege Earth, ade a, 2. 19793 Wherry, Foga, & Wahl, Atlas Fl. Penna. 93. 1979; Zander & Pierce, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Scie 16, Suppl. 2: 10, 40, & 92. 19793; Avery & Loope, Se. Fla. Rese Cent. Reape T-574: 7. 19803 Barry, Nate Vege Se Carol. 1635. 19803 Campbell & Eastman, Life Scie Agr. Exp. Stat. Orono Tech. Bull. 993 [Fl. Oxford Co.) 93=- 94, 19803; Chiang, Fl. Taiwan 5: 185 (1980) and 6: 654 & 665. 1980; Eleuterius, Illustr. Guide Tidal Marsh Pl. [Miss.-Ala. Sea Grant Publ, 77-039:] 9, 64, & 65. 1980; Fosberg & Canfield, Micro- nesica 16: 194, 1980; Fosberg, Otobed, Sachet, Oliver, Powell, & Canfield, Vasc. Pl. Palau 12. 1980; Hu, Journ. Arnold Arb. 6l: 91, 1980; J. Te & Re Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasce Fl. 2: 197. 1980; Klein, Sellowia 32: 312. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 45: 36, 40, & 506. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 72—=73, 19803 Molde, Phytol. Mam. 2: S--14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 25--27, 29, 33-=35, 40, 41, 46, 48, 57, 62, 71, 74, 75, 78, 83, go, St, 103; 108, 115, 121, 122, 124, 126, 133, 141, 142, 172, 264 BHeYnT: Dek, Oi Gtk Vol. 53, Now 4 174, 177, 180, 186, 193, 194, 196, 198, 200-.-203, 205--212, 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222-0224, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 23, 237, 239, 240, 2422-245, 250, 252, 254--258, 260--262, 267, 268, 270, 272, 275, 278, 281, 283, 285, 286, 288--290, 292, 293, 296, 29.8a0504, 307, 310, SLL, 314, 315, 320, 326, 328, 329, 331, 336, 339, 340, 353, 368, 399--405, 407, 409, 412, 423, 425, 426, 428, 435, 442, 443, 446, 596--606, 617, & 627. 19803; Plloqaard & Balslev, Repe Bot. Inst. Unive. Aarhus 4: 42, 61, 64, & 103. 19803 Prescott, How Know Aquat. Pl.e, ade 2, 126, fig. 146. 19803 Roxb., Hort. Banges impe 2, 68 19803 Fe. Ce Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 85. 1980; Briggs in Graves, Austral. Veg. 350. 1981; Cleef, Dissert. Bot. 61: 303. 19813 Corner, Bot. Journe Linn. Soc. 82: 87. 1981; Cronge, Intege Syst. Classif. [1116]--1118, 1981; Duncan & Kartesz, Vasc. Fl. Gae 36. 19813 Foote, Phytologia 50: 24, 1981; Ceaesink, Leeuwenb., Ridsdale, & Valdkamp, Thonn. Analyt. Key 9, ll, & 220. 1981; Gomez P., Phytologia 49: 340, 1981; Hu, Enum. Chine Mat. Med. 30, 54, 196, & 246, 19813 Klein, Sellowia 33: 23. 19813 A. Live, Taxon 30: 515. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 47: 410 (1981), 48: 253, 254, & 507, fige 1 (1981), and 49: 508. 1981; F. Rose, Wild Flow. Key 441 & 445, fig. la & lb. 19813 F. Ce Seymour, Phy- tol. Mem, 5: 171 & 585. 19813 Sharma, Shetty, Vivekan., & Rathakre, Journ. Bom. Nate Hist. Soc. 75: 38] 1981; Snyder & Vivian, Rare Endange Vasce Ple Spe Ne Je 23 & 97, 19813 Cronqge in Se Pe. Parker, Synop. Classif. Organisms 1: 472. 19823; Duncan, Vege Sapelo 25 & 48, 1982; Hara in Ozegahera, Scient. Rese Highmoor 132. 1982; Molde, Phytologia 50: 233, 235, 236, 239, 247, 250, 252-254, 260, 262, 455, 506, 508, & 509 (1982), 5l: 492 (1982), 523: L1O.. 113, 120--125, & 128 (1982), 52: 504 (1983), and 53: 225. 1983; Bartholomew & ale, Journ. Arnold Arb. 64: 95. 1983; Reveal, Phyto- lagie 532) 33, S86, 50,/)56,) 57,0 645. .74,,°& S1,, 1983. Babu (1977) reports that in the Dehra Dun section of India mem- bers of this genus are usually found growing with liverworts on slippery places in barren humid localities. The Baileys (1976) affirm that "One native Ne Amer. species is offered for the bog garden". It is of interest to note that Reichenbach (1828) classified Eriocaulon in the Commelinaceae. Craib*’s surname is misspelled "Craib” in Kewe Bull. Misce Inf. 1912: 421 (1912). Pobequin (1906) Lists seven unidentified species of Eriocaulon from the Republic of Guinea based in Friguiaghe 30, Kindia 1312, 1351, 1359, & 1359bis, Kouroussa 615 & 1153, and Maneah ies ts ~ The Holm-Nielssen, Jeppesen, igjtnant, & & gllgaard 4800 4800 & 5071, distributed as Eriocaulon spe, actually % are Paepalanthus | ansi- Folius (H.BeK.) Kunth, 5277 is P. espinosianus Mold., and ; 4814 is Syngonanthus yacuambensis is Molde, > while Mori, Mattos Silva, & & San- tos 10614 is Abolboda americana (Aubl.) Lanjouw (in the Abolboda- cease), A. 8. Anderson 308 is EE densus (K6rn.) Ruhl.e, and Sohmer & Jayasuriya 10610 (at least in the Missouri Botanical Garden herbarium) is a mint. ERICOCAULON ABYSSINICUM Hochst. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 265 Additional & emended bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293 & 389 (1974) and A.3l: 16. 19783; Mold., Phytologia 41: 411. 19793 Molde, Phytol. Mam. 2: 202, 203, 212, 223, 226, 230, 233, 237 9 9245e-245, 402,)'403;& 5965 1980. Recent collectors have found this plant growing at the edges of pools, flowering in llays the flower-"heads dark". The Wanntorp & Wanntorp 949, distributed as Ee abyssinicum, 2Ce= tually is E. heudelotii N. E. Bre Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Natal: Hilliard & Burtt 10382 (£--2626814). aero ERIOCAULON ACANTHOCEPHALUM W. Criff. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 339, 19723; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 368 & 596. 1980. ERIOCAULON ACHITON K6rn. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. 30. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. Ll: 375. 19413 Mold., Phytologia 41: 412. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mam. 2: 256, 260, 270, 285, & 596. 1980, Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc,. 30. 1923. Recent collectors have encountered this species in wet places and "in the open alongside streams", at 850.-1500 m,. altitude, in Flower and fruit in January and October, describing it simply as an herb with white flowers. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as E. hateropeplon Korn. and E. oryzetorum Mart. Additional citations: INDIA: Assam: Schlagintweit sene [Khasia, 1.23 Oct. 1855] (W--804606). Karnataka: Hooper & Gandhi | HFP,2432 (Mi). Maharashtra: Padhye 11 (id). Tamil Nadu: Koelz 10768 (Mu). THAILAND: Niyomdham, Suangtho, & Sangkhachand 107 (Ac). ERIOCAULON ADAMESII Meikle Additional bibliography: Anon, Kew Bull. Gan. Ind. lll. 19593 Molde, Phytologia 41: 412. 19793 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 205, 207—— 209, & 596. 1980. ERIOCAULON AEQUINOCTIALE Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Baihe 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 179. 19273 Mold., Phytologia 29: 98, 1974; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 115 & 596. 1980. Knuth (1927) cites only Passarge & Selwyn 590 from Bolfvar, Venezuela, for this species. ERIOCAULON AFRICANUM Hochst. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 87--88 (1974) and 38: 132. 19773; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 237, 242, 245, & 596. 1980, ERIOCAULON AFZELIANUM Wikstr. rs Additional bibliography: A. Cheve, Reve. Bote. Appl. Agrice Trope 15: 1027. 19353 Mold., Phytologia 41: 412. 19793 Mold., Phytol. 266 Pw Y¥Y*ToO O'Gara Vol. 53, Now 4 Mem. 2: 201, 205, 207, 208, 210--212, 216, 400, 401, & 596. 1980; Molds, Phytologia 50: 250, 1982. Chevalier (1935) lists this species from Sao Nicolau in the Cape Verde Islands, but comments that “Coutinho n° a vu qu’ un specimen pauvre provenant de S. Nicolau, mais le mame collecteur aurait recolte de meilleurs achantillons en Guinee portugaise. Il est possible que l*espace n’existe pas aux fles du Cap Vert et que l* indication ci-dessus soit la consequence d'un melange. Nous avons L*example analogue du Lotus Jacobaea L. indiqué a tort an Gambie."" He gives the known distribution of Eriocaulon afzelianum as "Afrique occidentale: de la Casamance 4 la Cuinee portugaise”. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Cyperaceae sp. Additional citations: ZAIRE: Michel & Read 435 (E--1777149). ERIOCAULON ALLEIZETTEI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 340, 19723; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 250 & 596, 1980. ERIOCAULON ALPESTRE Hook. f. & Thoms. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 139, fig. 8. 19213 Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. ple 42. 1923; Ishidoya, Chines. Droge Ll: 17. 19333 Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413 Mold., Phytologia 36: 470--471 (1977) and 41: 414, 19793; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 260, 278, 28, 292, 299, 300, 307, 400, & 596, 1980. Additional illustrations: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 139, fig. 8. 19213 Fyson, Indian Spe Erioc. pl. 42. 19233 Ishidoya, Chines. Drog. 1: 17. 1933. Recent collectors report finding this plant in damp glades in hill evergreen forests and as “emergent and submergent™ in wet fens and seasonally flooded lakebeds, at 1170--1780 m,. altitude, flower- ing and fruiting in October. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as E. “robustium Makino". Additional citations: CHINA: Hupeh: 1980 Sino-Amer. Exped. 1187 (N)e Hel elas Shimizu, Toyokuni, Koyama, ma, Yahara, & Santisuk T. 18049 Ac) e ERIOCAULON ALPESTRE vare AMPULLARIUM Van Royen Additional bibliography: Molde, Phytologia 24: 340-341, 19723 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 141, 326, & 596. 1980. ERIOCAULON ALPINUM Van Royen Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 412--413, 19793; Vein Royen, Alpine Fl. Ne Guin. 2: 832 & 833, figs 284 AuuF. 19793 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 141, 326, & 596. 1980. Additional illustrations: Van Royen, Alpine Fle Ne Guine 23 833, Fig. 284 i 1979, Recent collectors describe this plant as a cushion-forming herb forming small, flat, hard mats or quite large clumps, the leaves shiny and sem-glossy mid-green, the “flowers pale-green" or brown, the corollas almost colorless, the "stamens yellow", and 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceas 267 the anthers black, and have found it qrowing in bogs and in sub- alpine areas dominated by Cleichenia vulcanica, recently fired, at 2550--3800 m, altitude, in anthesis in April and in both flow- er and fruit in June. Van Royen (1979) asserts that it is endemic on Mt. Wilhelmina, where it occurs on marshy slopes in alpine grasslands from 3225 to 3560 m, altitude, fruiting in September, The Stevens & Veldkamp was distributed as E. novoguineense Van Royen. Additional citations: NEW GUINEA: Territory of New Guinea: Croft & Lelean LAE.68442 (Mu, W--2911493); Stevens & Veldkamp LAE. 54907 (We-2929643). Papua: Barker 66938 (W--2894843)3 Croft & Lelean LAE.61474 (E--2473557), LAE.65869 (Ld, W--2895086). MOUN- TED ILLUSTRATIONS: Van Royen, Alpine Fl. N. Guin. 2: 833, fige 283 Aj-F. 1979 (Ld). ERIOCAULON ALTOGIBBOSUM Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 471. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 141 & 596, 1980, ERIOCAULON AMANOANUM Koyama Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 341, 19723; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 300, 302, & 596, 1980, ERIOCAULON AMBOENSE Schinz Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon amboensis Schinz ex Mold., Phytologia 50: 260, in syn. 1982, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 34: 393, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 205, 207, 233, 237, 242, 243, & 596. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 260. 1982. The Giess 10245 & 15280, distributed as E. amboense, actually are Ee heudelotii Ne Es Bre, while Ciess 15099 is E. teusczii Engl. & Ruhl. ERIOCAULON ANDONGENSE Welw. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 882-89, 1974; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 233, 242, & 596, 1980. ERIOCAULON ANGUSTIFOLIUM K6rn. Additional bibliography: Molde, Phytologia 41: 413, 19793 Molde, Phytol. Mame 23 141 & 596. 1980, Giulietti (1978) reduces this taxon to synonymy under E. aquat- ile K6rn. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Coias: Hatschbach 36841 (W— 2850699). ERIOCAULON ANGUSTISEPALUM H. Hess Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 341, 19723; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 233, 237, 400, & 596. 1980, ERIOCAULON ANNAMENSE He Lecomte Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 89, 19745 Molde, 268 Pl Yok Dv Oren Vole 53, NOs 4 Phytol. Mem. 2: 292 & 596. 1980, Lecomte (1912) cites only and unnumbered Lecomte & Finey col- lection from Annam, Vietnam. ERIOCAULON ANNUUM Milne-Redhead Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 89. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 207, 226, 229, 235, 237, & 596. 1980. Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Milne-Redhead in Hooke, Icon. Pl. 34: pl. 3389. 1939 (W). ERIOCAULON ANTUNESII Engl. & Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 89. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 201, 205, 210, 233, & 596, 1980. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in moist places in sandy creek valleys, flowering in October. The leaves are de- scribed as medium-qreen and the “tepals and anthers pale-white". Additional citations: VOLTAIC REPUBLIC: Geerling & Bokdam 1310 ( Ea=2476257) « ERIOCAULON APICULATUM H. Lecomte Additional bibliography: Molde, Phytologia 29: 89, 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 250 & 596. 1980, ERIOCAULON AQUATICUM (J. Hill) Druce Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon articulatum Morong ex Stapf, Inde Lond. 3: 90, 1930, Additional bibliography: Loud., Hort. Brite, ede 1, 36 (1830) and._ed.e. 2,302, 183525.6. Don. in, Lottdse,Horte Brite, ede 3, 360 1839; Ge. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brite, ade 3, 719. 18393 Lindl. & Moore, Trease Bote, ade 1, 462 (1866), ad. 2, 462 (1870), ad. 3, 462 (1876), ad. 4, 462 (1884), and ed. 5, 462. 1899; J. Ce. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 2, 368 (1903) and ad. 3, 378, 19083 Lotsy, Vortr. Bot. Stammesges. 3 (1): 706--709 & 964, fig. 481 & 482. 1911; Arber, Bot. Gaz. 74: 80, 84, & 94, pl. 2, figs 19 A & Be 1922; Arber, Monocot. 88 & 251, fig. 66 A & B. 19253 J. Ce Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ade 5, 251 (1925) and ed. 65 impe : 251. 1931; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413 J. Ce. Willis, Dict. Flowe Ples ade Gy imp. 2, 251. 19483 Hare, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bote 53: 422--448, 19503 McClintock & Fitter, Collins Pock,. Guide Wild Fls., pl. 66, fig. 955. 19713 Napp-Zinn, Anat. Blatt. A (1): 5550 19743 A Pe ers Willis, Doct. Flow. Pl., ed. 6, imp. 3, 251. 19513 Hocking, Excerpt. Bote Ae23: 389. 19743 C. De. Cook in Hey- wood, Flow. Pl. World 281, fig. 1. 19783 Monteiro-Scanavacca & Mazzoni, Reviste Bras. Bot. 1: 63. 1978; Moore & Webb, Illustr. Guide Pollen Anal. 36 & 56, pl. 15. 19783 Monteiro, Ciulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Unive Se Paulo 7: 48, 19793 Mold., Phytologia 41: 413, 429, & 454, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 193, 194, 353, 368, 400, 403, 423, & 596. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 410, 1981; Cronge, Intege Syst. Classif. [1116]. 19813 Munz & Slauson, Ind. Illust. Living Things Outside Ne Am. 219 & 351. 1981; F. Rose, Wild Flow. Key 444, fig. 445, 1981. Additional illustrations: Arber, Bot. Gaze 74: 94, ple. 2, fige 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 269 19 A & Be. 19223 Arber, Monocot. 88, fig. 66 A & Be 19253 We Ke Martin, Concise Brit. Fl. pl. 90 (in color). 19653 McClintock & Fitter, Collins Pock. Guide Wild Fls. pl. 66, fig. 955 (in color). 19713 Fitter, Fitter, & Blamey, Wild Fls. Brit. Ne Eur. 261, fige 9 (in color). 19743; C. De Cook in Haywood, Flow. Pl. World 281, fige 1 a--e (e@ in color). 1978; Moore & Webb, Illust. Guide Pollen Anal. pl. 15. 19783 F. Rose, Wild Flow. Key fig. 445 (in color). 1981. Birks (1973) tells us that on the Isle of Skye this plant's principal habitat is the Carex rostrata-Menyanthes trifoliata as- sociation which can occur on silty substrata of low organic con- tant, but generally favors highly organic muds, referring to the Eriocauleto-Lobelietum of Braun-Blanquet & Tiixen (1952) and Erio- cauletum septanqularis of Schoof-evan Pelt & Westhoff (1969) with- in the alliance of Littorellion,. Rose (1981) describes the plant as a “slender aquatic herb; creeping rootstock produces at intervals erect to spreading tufts of linear, submerged translucent basal lvs 5--10 cm Long, flat tened at sides, tapering to fine points, and with internal cross- partitions. Fl-stems arising from lf-rosettes, lfless, erect, 6——8 (usually 7) -angledeseeee20--60 cm. tall, twistedeeee” He gives its distribution as Skye, Coll. & West Argyll in Scotland, and Donegal to Cork near the west coast in Ireland, absent from the rest of Europe and “only closely related spp. are in N Amer- ica". He avers that it inhabits shallow lakes and pools of acid water on peaty substrates, avoiding limestones, and flowering From July to September. Stieperaere found it growing with Scirpus lacustris, Phragmites australis, Cladium mariscus, Nym- phaea alba, Lobelia dortmanna, and Eleocharis multicaulis. Additional citations: ISLE OF SKYE: Balfour sen. (N)3 Gil- christ sen. [Aug. 1856] (£--2184970); Herb. Sernhardi Sens (E)3 Newbould 1149 (wW--45294). IRELAND: Sillot, Vendrely, & Paillot 4075 (E--705574)3 Groves & Groves Sen. Te [8eVII1eL892] (Go)$ We Irving Sens Sene [Cos Clare, 20-17-98] (Tt); Nilsson & Dagelius sen. [li Ge 1933] (Go): Shoolbred sen. [Co. Galway, 5-7-95] (It); Stieperaere 2146 [Co. Galway] (Mi). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Baxter, Brit. Bote, ad. 2, 6: pl. 465. 1843 (Ba--381080)$ Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 15: pl. 7, fige 5 & 6 (Bade ERIOCAULON AQUATILE K6rn.e Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 90, 1974; Giule, Bol. Bot. Unive. Se Paulo 6: 39-47, fig. 1 & 2. 19783 Monteiro, Giul., Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bote Unive Se Paulo 7: [43], 45, 46, 48, & 51. 19793; Mold., Phytologia 45: 36. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 141, 596, & 627. 19803 Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 72. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 253 (1981) and 50: 245 & 247, 1982. Additional illustrations: Ciul., Bol. Bot. Unive Se Paulo 6:3 4&2, fig. 1 & 2. 1978. Giulietti (1978) reduces E. angustifolium Kérn, to synonymy heree 270 Pull: Yo To Ovi Oe Gado 8 Vol. 53, Now 4 Recent collectors describe E. aquatile as a "soft herb" with pale-green leaves and ashen-qray flower-heads. They have found it growing in water in a region of waterworn horizontally banded sandstone at the soil surface, with damp sand, sedge marsh, ex- posed rock, and waterfalls, the vegetation of open scrub to closed low woodland in the drier areas, and in marshy grassland around marshes in areas of savanna-covered sand-dunes, at 80--900 m, al- titude, both flowering and fruiting in March, the flowers “white”. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Apure: Davidse & Gonzalez 15993 (Ld). BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinhei- ro in Harley 19276 (N). ERTOCAULON AQUATILE var. LATIFOLTUM Mold., Phytologia 48: 253. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 253, 1981, The type collection was originally identified and distributed to herbaria as Syngonanthus sp. ee. Citations: BRAZIL: Amapaz Rabelo 6 (Ne-type). ERIOCAULON AQUATILE f. VIVIPARUM Mold., Phytologia 45: 36. 1980. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 45: 36. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 597, 1980. Citations: BRAZIL: Bahias Mori, King, Santos, & Hage 12515 (Ld--isotype, We-2854273--type) e ERTIOCAULON ARECHAVALETAE Herter Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 471. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Meme 23 180 & 597. 1980, ERIOCAULON ARENICOLA Britton & Small Additional bibliography: Leon & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, ls 280. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 36: 471. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 91 & 597, 1980, ERIOCAULON ARFAKENSE Van Royen Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 343. 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 326 & 597. 1980. ERIOCAULON ARGENTINUM Castell. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon argenteum Castell. ex Hocking, Excerpt. Bote Ae23: 389, sphalm. 1974 [not E. argenteum Bonge, 1831, nor Heyne, 1959, nor Mart., 1832, nor Mart. & Wall., 1852, nor Wight, 1832]. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 389. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 41s: 413. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 141, 186, 400, 428, 443, & 597. 1980. The E. argenteum credited to Bongard, mentioned above, is now known as Paepalanthus argenteus (Bong.) Kérne, while the homonyms credited to Heyne, to Martius, to Martius & Wallich, and to Wight are all synonyms of E. quinquangulare L. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 271 ERIOCAULON ARISTATUM H. Hess Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 90-91 & 237. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 233, 237, 242, & 597. 1980, The Giess 15193 & 15217, distributed as £. aristatum, actually are E. teusczii Engl. & Ruhl. +. ERIOCAULON ARUPENSE Van Royen Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 343, 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 23 326 & 597. 1980. ERTOCAULON ATABAPENSE Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 472. 19773; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 108, 115, & 597. 1980. Huber refers to this species as “very common in all hummocks on savannas", at 100 m. altitude, and found it in flower in February. The Huber 1529, distributed in some herbaria as Ee atabapense, actually is E. tenuifolium Klotzsch, while Huber 2041 & 3106, Huber & Tillett 2780, and Steyermark & Bunting 105228, previously cited by me as Ee ', atabapense, seem better regarded a8 E. brevi- folium Klotzsch. These three texe are extremely closely - related and difficult to distinguish from each other. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Ll. Williams 13858 (Ld-=-photo of type). ERIOCAULON ATRATUM KOrn. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Spe Erioc. ple 26. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413; Mold., Phytologia 41: 413. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 267, 400, 403, 404, & 597, 1980. Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Spe Erioce ple 26. 1923. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a rosulate herb, the leaves to 5 cm. long, and the flowering heads longestalked, and have found it growing in boggy ground along streams, frequent at 1900 m,. altitude, in flower in December. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as E. ceylanicum K6rne Additional citations: SRI LANKAs Bernardi 15793 (We=-2808151), 16091 (£--2906590); Kingdon-wWard 22987 (Go); Sohmer & Sumithraa- rachchi 9863 (£--2581983), 9927 (E--2581968). ERIOCAULON ATRATUM var. MAJOR Thwaites Additional bibliography: Baill., Hist. Pl. 12: 397. 1884; Molde, Phytologia 41: 413, 19793 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 267, 400, 403, & 597. 1980. Additional illustrations: Baill., Hist. Pl. 12: 397, 1884. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in very marshy places. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Bernardi 16093 (£--2906608); Davidse & Sumithraarachchi 8000 (We-2808539)$ King Kingdon-Ward 23026 (Go). ERIOCAULON ATROIDES Satake Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 344, 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 300 & 597, 1980, ERIOCAULON ATROIDES fs. NANUM Satake Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 344, 19723 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 300 & 597. 1980. ERTOCAULON ATRUM Nakai Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahres- bere 39 (2): 10. 19133 Mold., Phytologia 34: 394 & 406, 1976; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 299, 300, 302, & 597, 1980. ERIOCAULON ATRUM vare INTERMEDIUM Nakai Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 344, 19723 Mold., Phytol. fieam » 2: 300 & 597. 1980, ERIOCAULON ATRUM var. PLATYPETALUM Satake Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 344, 19723; Molde, Phytol. Nem. 2: 299 & 597, 1980. ERIOCAULON AUSTRALASICUM (F. Muell.) Korn. Additional bibliography: T. 8. Muir, Muelleria 2: 140, 19723; Molde, Phytologia 293 o2. 19743 Molde, Phytol. Nem. 2% 336 é& 597. 1980, ERIOCAULON AUSTRALE Re Bre Additional & emended bibliography: De Don in Sweet, Hort. Brite, ed. 3, 719, 1839; Mold., Phytologia 36: 472--473., 19773; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 275, 278, 288, 292, 296, 304, 311, 314, 326, 328, 336, 339, 340, 353, & 597. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 253. 1982. Bogner found this plant in both flower and fruit in September. The Suzuki collections, cited below, exhibit extremely narrow. ly linear, almost filiform leaves. They are placed here only ten- tatively until the exact cheracters of £E. australe can better be determined. a Lecomte (1912) cites only an unnumbered André collection from Annam and one of Geoffray from Cambodia. Additional citations: MALAYA: Trengganu: Soepadmi Mahmud 91335 (Ne=-=29867, Ne=--29868). TAIWAN: Suzuki 23 (N), sen. (Jul. 15.3- 1935] (wW--2062478). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sabah: Ampon & Aban SAN.74984 (Ac). Sarawak: Bogner 1431 (W--2916722). Sumatra: Toroes 4285 (Mi). ERIOCAULON AUSTRALE f. PROLIFERUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 473. 1977; Mold., Phytol, Mem, 2: 296, 314, & 597. 1980. Recent collectors have found this plant growing at 100 feet altitude, in both flower and fruit in August, and have misidenti- fied and distributed it as Cyperaceas sp. Additional citations: MALAYA: Johore: Herb. Honours Students 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 273 Sense [August 1973] (£--2207513). ERIOCAULON BARBA=CAPRAE Fyson Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 4. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413 Mold., Phytologia 29: 93. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 260 & 597, 1980. Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Spe Frioc. pl. 4. 1923. ERIOCAULON BARBEYANUM Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 93 & 196. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 260 & 597. 1980. ERTOCAULON BASSACENSE Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 345. 19723; Mold., Phytol. Mam. 2: 290 & 597. 1980. ERTOCAULON BATHOLITHICUM Van Royen, Alpine Fl. Ne Guin. 2: 838—- 839, fig. 285 h-=m. 1979, Bibliography: Van Royen, Alpine Fl. Ne Guin. 2:2 825, 837--839, Fige 284 heem. 1979; Mold., Phytologia 50: 254 & 270. 1982. This species is based on Croft LAE.60671 from Mt. Giluwe, Pa- pua, New Guinea, deposited in the herbarium of the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. The collector states that the species was found in “an alpine grassland peat bog at the base of a volcanic plug" at 3300 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in December. Van Royen (1979) notes that "This species is somewhat intermediate between Eriocaulon novoquineense van Royen and £. alpinum van Royen, not only in characters but also geographically. It differs from E. novoguineense by having free sepals in the famale flowers. Though the lateral sepals in the present species sometimes mutually are connate in the basal 1/3, the sepals, at least the lateral ones, in Es novoguineense are connate almost to the tip.” Citations: MOUNTED JLLUSTRATIONS: Van Royen, Alpine Fl. Ne Guin. 2: 837, fig. 284 hum. 1979 (Ld). ERIOCAULON BAURI Ne Ee Bre Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 465 (1975) and 34: 273. 19763 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 243--245, 399, & 597, 1980, Recent collectors have encountered this plant in patsches of marshy turf, at 9500 feet altitude, where they describe it as “rare”, flowering and fruiting in January. They refer to it as having “almost black anthers giving the heads a gray appearance." Additional citations: LESOTHO: Hilliard & Burtt 8803 (E-- 2383652). . ame ERIOCAULON BEAUVERDI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 34: 395 (1976) and 35: 421 & 422, 19773 Nold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 141, 400, & 597, 1980. Additional citations: BRAZIL: So Paulo: Pickel 5472 (W-- 1803954). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Beauverd, Bull. Herb. BoisSe, sere 2, 274 PHeyY TBs G71 ek Vol. 53, No. 4 8: 987. 1908 (W). ERTIOCAULON BENTHAMT Kunth Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 413--414, 1979; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 22 41, 62, & 597, 1980, Rzedowski has found this plant growing in disturbed pastizal. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as the very closely related E. shrenbergianum Klotzsch. The two taxa are very difficult to distinguish from each other. The Pringle 11202, distributed as E. benthami, is actually the type collection of E. mexicanum Mold. Additional citations: MEXICO: Maxico: Hinton 4549 (It); Rzedow- ski 3503 (Mi, Ny W--2900370). FE eae a ERIOCAULON BIFISTULOSUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. Additional bibliography: J. G. Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 237. 18833 Ciulietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. Se Paulo 63 44, 1978; Mold., Phytologia 41: 414, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 200, 201, 205--212, 216, 217, 219, 222, 226, 230, 237, 240, 250, 260, & 597. 1980, Recent collectors have encountered this plant in pools on sa- vannas and describe it as having leaves and peduncles medium. green and “buds” grayish-gqreen. Additional citations: IVORY COAST: Geerling & Bokdam 880 (E-- 2475716). Rave eee stew ee ERIOCAULON BILOBATUM Morong Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 465 (1975) and 33s 11. 19763 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 62, 71, & 597. 1980. ERIOCAULON BIPETALUM Good Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 346 (1972) and 253 231. 1973; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 250 & 597. 1980. ERIOCAULON BLUMET K6rn. Additional bibliography: Van Steenis & Ruttner, Pterid. Phan. Deutsch. Limnol. Sunda-Exped. [Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 1ll:] pl. 53. 19323; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 1941; Mold., Phyto- logia 34: 267 & 395. 19763 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 314 & 597, 1980. Additional illustrations: Van Steenis & Ruttner, Pterid. Phan. Deutsch. Limnol. Sunda-Exped. [Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 1ll:] pl. 535. 1932. ERIOCAULON BOMBAYANUM Ruhl, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 466. 19753; Mold., Phytol. Meme 2: 260 & 597. 1980, ERIOCAULON BONGENSE Engl. & Ruhl, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 414, 19793; Mold., Phytol, Mem, 22°200, 201,°2052-207, 211,' 212, 2165. 217, 230, 23, 400, & 597. 1980, 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 275 Recent collectors have encountered this plant in sandy-clay soil of moist places among pools on savannas, at 300 m. altitude, both flowering and fruiting in December, describing it as "a pale- green herb with pale silvery-brown inflorescences". Additional citations: CAMEROONS: Wilde, Wilde, & Wilde-Duyf jes 4793 (£--2256010), “a ERTOCAULON BONI He Lecomte Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 466 & 467 (1975) and 34: 264. 19763 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 292 & 597, 1980, Illustrations: Mold., Phytologia 32: 467. 1975. Lecomte (1912) cites only an unnumbered Bon collection from Tonkin, Vietnam. ERIOCAULON BRACHYPEPLON K6rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 95. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Meme 23 329 & 597. 1980, ERIOCAULON BREVIPEDUNCULATUM Merr. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 473. 19773 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 307, 326, & 597, 1980. ERIOCAULON BREVIPEDUNCULATUM var. LONCGIPES Mold, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 26: 18. 19733; Mold., Phytol. Maem. 2: 326 & 597. 1983, ERIOCAULON BREVISCAPUM KGrn. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 3: 13 & 14, pl. 45. 19223; Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 45. 19233; Worsdell, Inde Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 41: 415. 1979; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 260, 288, & 597. 1980. Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 45. 1923. ERIOCAULON BROMELIOIDEUM He. Lecomte Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 95, 19743; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 292 & 597, 1980, Lecomte (1912) cites only an unnumbered André collection from Annam, Vietnam. ERIOCAULON BROMELIOIDEUM var. LATIFOLIUM H. Lecomte Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 26: 18. 1973; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 292 & 597, 1980. Lecomte (1912) cites for this variety only an unnumbered col- lection of Lecomte & Finet from Annam, Vietnam. He describes it as differing in its "Feuilles beaucoup plus lonques, atteignant B-=m10 cm," ERIOCAULON BROWNIANUM Mart. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Frioc. 39, pl. 17. 19233 Fyson, Fl. Se Indian Hill Stat. 2: 565. 19323; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413 Rao & Khark., Journ. Bomb, Nat. 276 Po yo, oceqn Vol. 53, No. 4 Histe Soce 75: 275 & 279. 19783 Mold., Phytologia 41: 415. 1979; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 260, 267, 270, 290, 292, 314, & 597, 1980, Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. 39, pl. 17. 19233 Fyson, Fl. Se Indian Hill Stat. 2: 565. 1932. Rao & Kharkongor (1978) dascribe this species as a slender herb of marshy places and along ravines, the flowers “in dense qlobose heads at the terminal ends of the culms”, associated with grasses, sedges, and Plartago spe, Flowering in August and September. Lecomte (1912) cites for this species only an unnumbered Pierre collection from Cochinchina. The Happer 4427, distributed as E. brownianum, actually is E. collinum Hook. f., while Sinclair 3600 is Ee nilagirense Steud. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Happer “4418 (N)$ Sohmer & Jayasuriya 10607 (W--2808541), LO61LO (W--2808540); Sohmer & Sumith- raarachchi 9801 (F--2581891). ERTOCAULON BROWNIANUM var. LATIFOLIUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 415. 19795; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 260, 267, & 597, 1980, Recent collectors have encountered this plant in marshy places and ditches, at 200 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in Febru- ary and June, describing it as “common. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Davidse & Sumithraarachchi 8902 (W--2808536); Kostermans 27284 (Ac); Maxwell & Jayasuriya 869 (Eas 2145607)3 Sohmer, Jayasuriya, & & Eliezar 8542 CEL Jab Ts). ERIOCAULON BRUNONIS Britten Additional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 927. 18603 Mold., Phytologia 24: 348, 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 336 & 597, 1980. Recent collectors describe this plant as a bright-green rosette annual with grayish inflorescences and have found it to be "fre- quent" in open swamps with Pandanus and Coelorachis sppe, sedges, and other herbs. Additional citations: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Lazarides & Adams 240 (We-2900313). ERTOCAULON BUCHANANIT Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 89 & 97, 1974; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 205, 207, 222, 226, 233, 235, 237, 239, 242, & 597, 1980. ERIOCAULON BUERGERIANUM K6rn,. Additional synonymy: Ericaulon buergerianum K6rn. apud Hu, Enum. Chin. Mat. Med. 54 & 196, sphalm. 1981. Additional & emeanded bibliography: Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 10: 52, 53, & 272, fig. 29. 19213 Ito, Taiwan Shokubutu, Dzusetu [Illust. Formos. Pl.] pl. 847. 1927; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. ls 376. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 34: 396, 488, 493, & 494, 1976; Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5: [179].-181 & 183, pl. 1313. 19783; Holm, Pancho, Herberger, & Plucknett, Geogr. Atlas World Weeds 148. 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 277 1979; Hu, Journ. Arnold Arb. 6l: 91, 19803 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 23 198, 278, 281, 292, 300, 302, 304, & 597. 1980; Hu, Enum. Chin. Mate Med. 54 & 196. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 50: 260. 1982; Bar- tholomew & ale, Journ. Arnold Arb. 64: 95. 1983, Additional illustrations: Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 10: 53, Fig. 29, 1921; Ito, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illust. Formos. Pl.] pl. 847. 19273; Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5: 181, pl. 1313. 1978, Chang (1978) reports this species from "rice paddies and low wet lands" in the northern parts of Taiwan, with @ general distri- bution of China, the Ryukyu Islands, and Japan. He cites Susuki 11764 & 27315 and Young 175 from Taiwan. In his 1981 work he lists the vernacular names, “ku-ching ts*ao", “ku-ching-tzu", and "kuechu", for this species and Ee sexangulare L. and states that the plant is listed in Chinese materia medica as "Scapus Eriocau- lonis", The Walker, Sonohara, Tawada, & Amano 7120 and Walker, Tawada, & Amano 6579, previously cited by | me as eas Ee buergerianum, actually seem to represent E. merrillii var. suishaense (Hayata) Chang ine stead, while 1980 Sino-Amer. Exped. 2061 is E. robustius (Maxime) Mak e Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5: 181, pl. 1313 (Ld); Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 10: 527. 1921 (w). ERIOCAULON BURCHELLIT Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 25: 122. 1973; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 141 & 597, 1980. ERIOCAULON CAAGUAZENSE Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 348, 19723 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 177 & 597. 1980 ERIOCAULON CABRALENSE Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. ls: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 29: 97. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mam. 2: 141, 400, & 597. 1980. Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Alve Silve, Archive. Muse Nace Rio 23: 162, pl. 4. 1921 (Ld, Ny W)$ Alve Silve, FL. Mont. pl. 5. 1928 (td, N, W). ERIOCAULON CAESIUM Griseb. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 97 (1974) and 30: 37. 19753 Giulietti, Bol. Bot. Unive Se Paulo 6: 44, 1978; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: LO3, 627, & 597. 19803; Mold., Phytologia 50: 260. 1982. ERIOCAULON CANDIDUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 348.-349, 1972; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 141 & 597, 1980, ERIOCAULON CAPITULATUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 97. 1974; Molde, 278 Pe Veto Ocean Vol. 53, No. 4 Phytol. Mem. 2: 62 & 597, 1980. ERTOCAULON CARAJENSE Mold. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bote. A.23: 378, 19753; Molds, Phytologia 32: 468, 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 141 & 597, 1980, ERIOCAULON CARSON] Fe. Muell,. Additional bibliography: T. 8B. Muir, Muelleria 2: 140, 1972; Molde, Phytologia 32: 468. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 336 & 597, 1980, ERIOCAULON CAULIFERUM Mak. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 98, 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 300 & 597, 1980, ERIOCAULON CELEBICUM Van Royen Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 349, 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 314 & 597, 1980, ERTOCAULON CEYLANICUM K6rn. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 27 & 28. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. lL: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 36: 474 & 476. 19773 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 267, 400, 442, & 598, 1980, Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 27 & 28. 1923. Koyama reports this species "occasional" in wet depressions of wet patana grasslands associated with Gentianella,. The Bernardi 15793, distributed as E. ceylanicum, seems, in- stead, to be E. atratum KOrne Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Koyama 13516 (Ac); Maxwell & Jayasuriya 877 (£--2144264), ree << SacBee tT ERIOCAULON CHINOROSSICUM Komarov Additional bibliography: Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 26: 19, 19733 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 198 & 598, 1980. ERTOCAULON CHISHINGSANENSE Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5s: 180 & 183 (as “"chishingsanensis". 1978. Synonymy: Eriocaulon chisingsanensis Chang ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 304, sphalm. 1980, Bibliography: Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5: [179],180,183,& 185 (1978) and 6: 654 & 663. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 304 & 598, 1980, Chang (1978) asserts that this species differs from E. buerger- ianum K6rn. in its pilose receptacles, obtuse floral bractlets, and much smaller leaves. It is based on Hsu & al. 141706, de- posited in the Taipei herbarium, and this is the only collection that he cites. He designated his original publication of the name as “stat. nove", instead of "sp. nov." (corrected by him 2 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 279 years later). ERIOCAULON CHRISTOPHERI Fyson Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 415. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 260 & 598, 1980. ERIOCAULON CILIIPETALUM H. Hess Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 349, 19723; Mold., Phytologia Mem. 2: 229 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON CINEREUM Re Bre Additional & emended synonymy: Leucacephala spathacea Roxbe, Hort. Bange,s imp. l, 68, hyponym,. 1814. tLeucocephala spathacea Foxb., Fle Inds 32.623 &.865.<) 2832. Additional & emanded bibliography: Roxbe, Hort. Bange, imp. l, 68. 1814; Roxbe, Fle Ind. 3: 613 & 865. 18323 Ce Bs Robinson, Philip. Journ. Scie 7: 415. 19123 Fyson, Journ. Ind. Bot. ls: 5l, Fig. 10 (1919) and 2: 139, fig. 10. 19213; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 102 49, 50, & 272, fPige 27. 19213 Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 50 & 51, 19233 Mak., Illust. Fl. Jap. [723]. 19243 Ito, Taiwan Sho- kubutu Dzusetu [Illust. Formos. Pl.] pl. 848, 1927; Mayuranathan, Bull. Madras Gove Muse, sere 2, 2: ple 38. 19293 Ce. Ae Gardne, Enum. Pl. Austral. Occid. l: 17. 19303; Mak., Gansyoku Yagai- shokubuti [Nature-Col. Wild Pl.} 3: 173. 19333; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. l: 375 & 376. 19413 Bagum, Proc. Indian Acad. Scie B.67: 148--156. 19683 Huang, Taiwania 15: 152 & 153, pl. 45, fio. 1 & 2. 19703 T. Be Muir, Muelleria 2: 140, 1972; Srivastava, Fl. Gorak. 331. 19763 Amaratunga, Ceyl. Journ. Sci. Biol. 12: 189. 19773 Babu, Herb. Fl. Dehra Dun 13 & 546--548. 19773 Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5: [179], 182 & 183, pl. 1314. 1978; Monteiro-Scanavacca & Mazzoni, Revist. Bras. Bot. 1: 63. 19783 Holm, Pancho, Herberger, & Plucknett, Geogr. Atlas World Weeds 148, 1979; Kral in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat. Fetl. Pl. Southeast. U. Se 504, 510, & SIL, fig. 296. 19793 Mold., Phytologia 41: 415--416, 421, & 455. 19793 J. Te & Re Kartesz, Syne Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 197. 1980; Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 41,°57, 196, 198, 207, 208, 211, 216;5°226,(/265, 025%, 258, 260, 267, 270, 272, 278, 281, 283, 28, 292, 299, 300, 305, 304, 307, 314, 336, 339, 400, 403, 598, & 627. 1980; Mold., Phyto- logia 50: 236, 260, & 262. 1982. Additional illustrations: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. ls: 5l, fig. 10 (1919) and 2: 139, fig. 10. 19213 Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 10: 50, fig. 27. 19213 Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 50 & Sl. 19233 Make, Illust. Fl. Jape [723] (in color). 1924; Ito, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illust. Formos. Pl.] pl. 848. 1927; Maruyanath- an, Bull. Madras Gov. Muse, sere 2, 2: ple 38. 19293 Mak., Geansy- oku Yagai-shokubuti [Nature-Col. Wild Pl.] 3s 173 (in color). 19333 Huang, Taiwania 15: 153, pl. 45, fig. 1 & 2. 19703 Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5: 182, fig. 1314, 1978; Kral in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. Southeast. U. S. 511, fig. 296. 1979, Interestingly, Srivastava (1976) separates E. cinereum R. Bre From E. quinquangulare L. by saying that in the former the anth- ers are white, while in the latter they are black. He asserts 280 SHV Taek OxGag iA Vol. 53, Now 4 that E. cinereum is "Abundantly found as a weed in rice fields and in other moist and swampy places". He cites Srivastava 1429 and asserts that the species flowers from August to November, Babu (1977) reports the plant as "common" in irrigated rice fields and canals and in damp or marshy shaded localities in the Dehra Dun section of India, also flowering there from August to November. He cites Babu 34044 & 34044a, Chang (1978) reports the species from rice paddies in Taiwan and gives its general distribution as “Australia, Japan, Korea, Ryukyus, China, Philippines, Malaysia, Indochina, India and Afri- ca.” From Taiwan he cites Mori 27240 & 27339, Suzuki 27287, Ya- mamoto & Mori 27288, and Young ung LIL, ~~ The Fadens refer to the species as a “rosette herb with more numerous, narrower leaves than 77/194 LE. quinquangulare L. }] and growing in wetter sites, often in water.” They describe it as common at the edges of rock pools in an area of rock outcrops with pools and seepage areas", at 90 m. altitude, flowering and Fruiting in Januarye Saldanha & Ramamoorthy describe the plant as an “occasional annual herb with needle-like leaves growing in full sun on moist soil in wet deciduous forests" at 1070 m, al- titude in Mysore. In Australia Lazarides & Adams describe what is presumably the typical form of the species as a dense rosette annual to 3 inches tall with whitish flowers and white roots, flowering and fruiting there in March. Lecomte (1912) cite for E. cinareum unnumbered collections of Balansa, of Bon, and of Mouret from Tonkin, Vietnam, and lists it also from Cochinchina, but citing no collections. Huang (1970) illustrates the pollen grains of this species, stating that they are 17--30 mu wide, based on DeVol 7481, Mori- moto 584, Huang 3477, Simada Sene, and Simizu 2333 from Taiwan. Material of E. cinereum has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as E. quinquangulare L. and E. truncatum Hamilt. and even as Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong.e. On the other hand, the Tanaka & Shimada 13574, distributed as E. formosanum Hayata and previously cited by me as E. cinereum or as E. kiusi- anum Maxime, is now regarded as representing E. merrillii Ruhl., Jarrett & Ramamoorthy HFP.1107 is E. humile Molde, and Carroll 1742, Thomas & Crelan 71863 & 71890, and Thomas & Moreland 65853 are Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong. Additional citations: LOUISIANA: Acadia Par.: Thomas, Allen, & Bot. 403 Class 47817 (Ne, Ne, Ne); Thomas, Pias, & Rich 66606 (Ne--164696). TANGANYIKA: Schlieben 872 (E--1707468). INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: V. S. Raju 670e (Ld). Karnataka: Saldanha & Ra- mamoorthy HFP.1195b (W--2797013). Maharashtras Padhye 1 l (Ld). West Bengal: Je Sinclair 3756 (We=-2918900),. SRI LANKA: ~ Bernardi 15816 (W-=28085 37 7)$ Faden & Faden 77/195 (W--2891054). JAPAN: Honshus It6 & Koyama 626 (Mi); Murata 19688 (N). PHILIPPINE ISq LANDS: Luzon: Rogerson in 1099 (It, Mi). AUSTRALIA: Northern Terri- tory: Lazarides & Adams 34 (W--2949398). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 281 Chang, Fl. Taiwan 5: 182, pl. 1314. 1978 (Ld); Mak., Illust. Fl. Nippe 771. 1940 (td). ERIOCAULON CIPOENSE Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. ls: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 32: 469, 1975; Monteiro, Ciulietti, Naz zoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: [43], 45, 46, 48, 5l, & 56, fige 32-5. 19793 Mold., Phytol. fMiem. 2: 141 & 598. 1980, Additional illustrations: Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Cas- tro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: 56, fig. 32-3. 1979. ERIOCAULON COFRULEUM Van Royen Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 350--351, 19723; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 314 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON COLLETTII Hook. f. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Frioc. pl. 3. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 36: 474, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 260, 272, & 598, 1980, Additional jllustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 3. 1923. ERTOCAULON COLLINUM Hook, f. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. 34. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413 Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. LIL, 1959; Mold., Phytologia 41: 416. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261, 267, 402, & 598. 1980. Additional illustrations: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 139 & 207, fige 3, & pl. 15. 19213 Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. 34. 19235. Material of —. collinum has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as E. brownianum Mart. Additional citations: INDIA: Tamil Nadus Koelz 10993 (Mu). SRI LANKA: Happer 4427 (N); Maxwell & Jayasuriya 876 (£--2144263); Sohmer & Sumithraarachchi 10029 (f--2582784). ERIOCAULON COLLINUM var. NANUM ftiold. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 19753; Mold., Phytologia 32: 469. 19753 Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 268 & 598, 1980, Sinclair reports this plant "common" on marshy stream banks in forest clearings, flowering and fruiting in March. Additional citations: INDIA: Tamil Nadus J. Sinclair 3392 (Wee 2918903). ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM Lam, Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon compressum var. compressum [Lame] ex Je Te & Re Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 197. 1980, Additional & emended bibliography: Bonge, Mem. Acad. Scie Impe St.-Peatersb., ser. 6, 1: 629 & 630. 1831; Lotsy, Vortr. Bot. Stammesges.e 3 (1): 706 & 964. L911; Lawrence, Taxon, Vasce Ple, imp. 1, 404, fig. 83 (1951) and imp. 2, 404, fig. 83. 19713 Le He 282 par oe Meer se Vol. 53, No. 4 & Ee. Ze Bailey, Hortus Third 440, 1976; Kral in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. Soitheast. U. S. 504~-506, fig. 293. 1979; Mold., Phytologia 41: 416--417 & 419, 19793 Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.e, imp. 2 [ede Ewan}, 91--92, 1979; Avery & Loope, S. Fla. Res. Cent. Repe T-574: 7. 1980; J. Te & Re Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 197. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: Ll--14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 41, 48, 353, 401, & 598, 19803 Crong.e, Integ. Syst. Clas- sif. 1117, fig. 9.5. 19813 Duncan & Kartesz, Vasc. Fl. Gae 36. 1981; Duncan, Veg. Sapelo 25 & 48, 1982; Mold., Phytologia 50: L12, 234, 235, & 2605-1982, Additional illustrations: Lawrence, Taxon, Vasc. Pl.e, imp. l, 404, fig. 83 (1951) and imp. 2, 404, fig. 83. 19713 Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus Third 440, 1976; Kral in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat. Wetl., Pl. Southeast. Ue. S. 506, fig. 293. 19793 Cronge, Intsaq. Syst. Classif. 1117, fig. 9.5. 1981. Taylor describes this plant as having the "leaves bright-green, scapes paler, capitula pale-gray or black". I have never seen the heads so dark; as I know them they are pure white. Stoutmire encountered the plant on the margins of lakes, flowering and fruit- ing in January, while Hellquist found it growing in soil with an alkalinity level of 1.5 mg./l. Material of E. compressum has often been misidentified and dis- trubuted in herbaria as Ee lineare Small, Ee pellucidum MichxXe, Or Ee septangqulare With. On the other hand, the Crockett 438, Se Darwin 1419, Re Kral 28290, J. Taylor 21368, Pe Taylor 23039, “and Thomas, Allen, & Lane dry 43055 é 43122, distributed as typical €. compressum, actually Jones sen. [31 Aug. 1960], and Thomas, Dorris, & Drane 13831 are E. decangulare Le, Fryxell 3000 is E. decangulare Vare minor Mold., Thomas & Barrett 16564, Thomas & Bot. 313 Class 19558, and and Volosen Tucidum M Michxe, and Correll & Ogden 25168 is Ee texense Korn. Additional citations: NEW JERSEY: Burlington Co.: Blaser 28 (It), sene [May 20, 1932] (It); Parker sen. [Atsion] (It). Cape May Co.: Gershoy 208 (It). Cumberland Co.: Beals sen. (Vineland, June 28, 1898] (N). Ocean Co. Edwards, Urner, & Clausen 356 (It); Hellquist 11330 (Mi); Wiegand & Clausen sen. [June 12, 1934] (It). County undetermined: Knieskern - Sene (It)s Manchester sen. [May Sl, 1880] (It). NORTH CAROLINA: Brunswick Co.: Radford 43810 (Mi). Columbus Co.: Godfrey & White 7104 (It). New Hanover Coe: Sieren 1583 (Ne--165078). SOUTH CAROLINA: Berkeley Co.: "KeWeHe” B8lc (It). Lexington Co.: Marx 3111 (Ne--124016). County undetermined: Curtis sene [1875] (N)e GEORGIA: Calhoun Coe: Thorne & Muenscher 8021 (It). Charlton Coe: Schlesinger 19 (It)s Wright & Harper 125 (It). Cook Cos: Pyron & McVaugh 2138 (It). Early Co.: Thorne 3294 (It)s Thorne & Muanscher 2925 (It). Lowndes Cos: Thigpen se me [11 May 1971] (Ne--120966). McIntosh Co. Duncan, Adams, & Connell 20000 (It). Miller Co.: Thorne & Harper 3171 (It). Screven Co.: Boufford 5268 (Go). FLORIDA: Brevard Coe: Calkins 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 283 539 [Herb. Kent Sci. Mus. 13811] (Mi). Charlotte Co.: Wiersema 1443a (N). Citrus Coss Re P. St. John 1855 (It). Collier Coe: Perkins 468 (It). Duval Co.: Curtiss 3017 (It), 4585 4585 (It). High- lands Co.: Stoutmire 1034 (Mi), 1063 (Mi). Indian River Coe: Mac Daniels sen. [April 16, 1936] (It). Lake Coe: Nash 92 (It)s Up- ton, Upton, & Van Daman sen. [March 12, 1930] (It). Lee Cos: Perkins 471 (it). Leon Coe: MacDaniels sen. [April 26, 1936] (It). Manatee Coe: Perkins 467 (It). Martin Costs Atwood sen. (It). Okaloosa Coe: McArthur s Sene [9 June 1960] (Nea--112832) 6 Orange Coe: Perkins 470 (It). “Palm Beach Cos: Randolph & Small 72 (1t)s Uttal 9559 (Ne--98480). Pinellas Coe: "Blatchley 27 27 (at) Polk Coe: Milligan sen. Sen. [May 1890] (W--503902). Sarasota Coe: Parkins 469 (It). Volusia Coe: Ryan 6 (Newj-121777). Wakulla Coe: ot P. Taylor 13039 (N). County undetermined: Herb. Cornell Unive Se [1877 (1t)3 Ce L. Lawrence sen. [Mar. 13, 1892] (It)e ALA- oe eee Coe: Duncan & juncan & Hardin 15000 (Ne--145267). MISSIS— SIPPI: Harrison Coe: Garner & Middlebrooks 147 (Ne=--53076). Jack. son Co.: Skeehan 7891 [Herb. “Kents Scie Mus, 50092] (Mi). Pearl River Co.: Thomas, » Allen, & Landry 42917 (Ne-=-101811). MOUNTED oe a Cronge, Integ.e Syst. Classif. 1117, fig. 9.5. 1981 Ld). ERTOCAULON COMPRESSUM var. HARPERI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 416-417 & 419, 19793 J. Te & Re Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Pl. 2: 197. 1980; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 12, 19, 22, 25, 26, 41, & 598, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 234 & 235. 1982. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Okaloosa Co.: Laird & Laird 1348 (Ne--131188). Santa Rosa Co.: Laird & Laird 1334 (Ne--131145). Wakulla Co.s: P. Taylor 23039 (Go). ALABAMA: Baldwin Cos: Crockett 438 (It). Mobile Coe: Re Kral 28290 (Ne--106051). MISSISSIPPI: George Co.: Je Taylor 21368 (Ne--165936); Thomas, Allen, & Landry 43055 (Ne--103102). Harrison Coe: Thomas, Allen, & Landry 43122 (Ne--102965). Pearl River Coe: Se Darwin 1419 (Ne--177280) ERIOCAULON COMPTONII Rendle, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 45: 259-— 260. 1921. Additional & emended bibliography: Rendle, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 45: 259--260. 1921; Mold., Phytologia 29: 104, 1974; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 331 & 598. 1980, ERIOCAULON CONCRETUM F. Muell. Additional bibliography: T. 8. Muir, Muelleria 2: 140, 1972; Molde, Phytologia 29: 105. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 356 & 598. 1980, ERIOCAULON CONGOLENSE Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 352. 19723 Molde, Phytol. Mem, 2: 220 & 598, 1980, 264 Poe Peo e doer Fk Vol. 53, No. 4 ERTOCAULON CONICUM (Fyson) Ce Eo Co Fischer Additional bibliography: Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. Lll. 1959; Molde, Phytologia 29: 105. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 261 & 589. 1980. ERTOCAULON CONIFERUM Herzog Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 105, 1974; iiold., Phytol. Wiem. 2: 141 & 598, 1980, ERTOCAULON CRASSTISCAPUM Bong. Additional bibliography: Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413 Mold., Phytologia 36: 475. 19773; Molde, Phytol. Mem, 2: 141, 186, 402, & 598. 1980. ERTOCAULON CRISTATUM Mart. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 31. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413 Mold., Phytologia 36: 475, 19773 Mold., Phytol. liem. 2: 257, 261, 268, 270, 278, 283, 296, 300, & 598 1980. Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Spe Erioc. pl. 3l. 1923. ERTOCAULON CRISTATUM var. BREVICALYX Ce He Wright Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 470 (1975) and 33: 14, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 283 & 598. 1980. ERTOCAULON CRISTATUM var. MACKII Hook. f. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 105 (1974) and 34: 400. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 598, 1980. ERIOCAULON CUBENSE Ruhl, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 475. 19773; Molde, Phytol. Wiem. 2: 91 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON CUSPIDATUM Dalz. Additional bibliography: Arber, Bot. Gaz. 74: 84, 88, & 94, pl. 2, fige 19D. 19223 Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioce pl. 38. 1923; Arber, Monocot, 88 & 251, fig. 66D. 1925; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. lL: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 36: 476. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 598, 1980, Additional illustrations: Arber, Bot. Gaz. 74: 94, pl. 2, fig. 19D. 1922; Fyson, Indian Spe Frioce ple 38. 19233 Arber, Monocot. 88, fig. 66D. 1925. ERTIOCAULON CUSPIDATUM var. BRACTEATUM Fyson Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 353, 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON DALZELLII K6rn. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 46. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 376. 19413 Mold., Phytologia 41: 417. 1977; Giulietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 6: 44, 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 208, 261, 268, 270, & 598. 1980, 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Friocaulaceae 285 Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 46. 1923. Additional citations: INDIA: Maharashtra: Padhye LO (td). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Dalz., Journ. Bot. Kew fiiisc. 3: 280. 1851 (W). ERIOCAULON DALZELLII var. GLABRATUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Niold., Phytologia 29: 283. 1974; Hocking, Excerpt. Bote A253: 379, 19753 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON DAMAZIANUM Beauverd Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 106. 1974; WMold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 141 & 598, 1980. ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE L. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon decanqulare var. decangulare [L.] ex Je Te & Re Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 197. 1980. Additional & emanded bibliography: J. Fe Gmale in Ley Syste Nate, ed. 13, imp. l, 2: 206. 1793 G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brite, ad. 3, 469 & 588, 1839; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ad. 3, 719. 1839; Steude, Syne Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.e| 268, 277, & 333. 1855; Pfeiffer, Nom. Bot. 2 (2): 914. 1874; Lotsy, Vortr. Stammesages. 3 (1): 707 & 964, 19113; CGC. T. Stevens, Illustr. Flow. Pl. Midd. Atl. Ne Enge St. pl. 9. 1930; Re tek Ee Be Bailey, Hortus SeCey imp. fe 286.6 1941; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. l: 375. 19413; Savage, Cat. Linn. Herb. Lond. 21. 19453 Le He & Ew Ze Bailey, Hortus Sece, imp. 18, 246. 19743 Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus Third 440, 19763 Es Be Sme, Atlas Annot. List, imp. 1, 421 & 422. 19783 Re Je & Co Se Taylor in Re Je Taylor, New Rare Infr. Coll. Pl. [Herb. SE. Okla. St. Unive. Publ. 2:] 101. 19783 Ajilvsgi, Wild Flow. Big Thicket 59 & 107--108, 1979; Kral in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. SEe U. S. 504 & 508--510, fig. 295. 19793 Mold., Phytologia 41: 416--419, 429, & 459 (1979) and 44: 134, 1979; Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sapte, imp. 2 [ede Ewan}, 91. 19793 E. Be. Sme, Atlas Annot. List, imp. 2, 421 & 422, 1979; Van Royen, Alpine Fl. Ne Guin. 2: 824, 19793 Wherry, Fogg, & Wahl, Atlas Fl. Panna. 93. 19793 Barry, Nate Vege Se Car- ol. 163. 1980; Eleuterius, Illust. Guide Tidal Marsh Pl. [Misse- Ala. Sea Grant Publ. 77-039:| 9, 64, & 65. 1980; J. Te & Re Kare tesz, Syne Checklist Vasc. Pl. 2: 197. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2s 12514, 16,5) 17, 19, 22,)'25,. 26, 41,. 465, 48, 62,. 78, 24,80 402, 407, 435, & 598, 1980; F. Ce Seymour, Phytol. Mem, 1: 85. 1980; Duncan & Kartesz, Vasc. Fl. Gae 36. 19813 Duncan, Veg. Sap- elo 25 & 48, 19823 Mold., Phytologia 50: 234--236, 239, & 260 (1982) and 52: 111 & 112. 19823 Reveal, Phytologia 53: 33, 38, 50,°56,' 57, 64, Ti, é& 91. 1983. Additional illustrations: GC. T. Stevens, Illustr. Flow. Pl. Midde Atle Ne Eng e Ste pl. 7. 1930; Ajilvsgi, Wild Flow. Big Thicket 59 (in color). 1979; Kral in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat Wetl. Pl. SE. Ue. S. 509, fige 295. 19793 Eleuterius, Illust. Guide Tidal Marsh Pl. [Miss.-Ala. Sea Grant Publ. 77-039:] 65, 1980. The Taylors (1978) record this species from only Pushtamaha County in Oklahoma. The Baileys (1976) assert that Ee decangulare is offered in 286 PHYTOLOGTIA Vol. 53, No. 4 the horticultural trade for cultivation in bog gardens, It is of interest to note here how Rafinesque (1840) distingu- ished his Es longifolium from what he called E. serotinum Walt. For the latter he says: "fol. semiped. angustis glaucescens, obt. scapis elongatus, basi vaginatis, contortis sulcatis costatis, capit. globosis umbilicatis, bract. latov. acum. vel laceris gla- bris. -= New Jersey to Carol. blended with the last in Erioc. decangulare of authors, none of them has LO angles’ this has 12 to 15 grooves and ribs, fl. white". For £. longifolium he says: "fol. gramineis longissimis pedalis latiusculis obtusis, scapis fol. sepe breviorib. usque ad medium vaginatis, apice contortis costatis, capit. depressis, bract. ovatis acutis scariosis fulvis pubens -- South New Jersey in swamps, leaves pedal, scape slen- der rigid, heads small, fl. pale.” It seems most likely to me now that his E. longifolium, previously regarded as a synonym of typical £. decangulare, is, rather, the plant we now know as its f. parviceps Mold. Abel reports that in Palm Beach County, Florida, E. decanqulare grows sympatically with Lachnocaulon glabrum K6rn. The Hansens encountered the plant it "slightly drier arews under Pinus palus- tris with intermittent standing water dominated by Aristida tus- tocks along with Ilex coriacea, Lobelia bravifolia, Le nuttallii, Polygala brevifolia, P. ramosa, Lycopodium carolinianum, Rhyncho- spora sppe, and Utricularia juncea". Eleuterius (1980) asserts that the flowers of Eriocaulon decangulare have 4--6 stamens per flower and that the plant grows in freshwater marshes or those of low salinity, especially in riverine marshes, in Alabama and Mississippi. Material of this species is often misidentified and distributed in herbaria as E. compressum Lam. On the other hand, the Marx 3111, Sieren 1583, and Thigpen sen. [11 May 1971], distributed as Ee decangulare, actually are E. comprassum Lame, while Hotchkiss 1500 is E. decangulare var. minor Mold., Abbe & Spalteholz s.ne {July a1. 19971, Je As Allen 73 & 178, Benner 3612, Blaser Sene [August 16, 1932], | Chrysler sen. SeNe iy Aug. 1926], Eaton Sone, » Cer- shoy 205, Heller 180, Herb. Cornell Univ. sen. [July 25, Fides ji Hitchcock 375, Munz Sene ne [June 11, 1917], We W. Stone Sone [Aug. 7; 1901], Tharp | Soe [6/28/42], Tracy 7587 & 8043, and Wright & al. 123, at “least insofar as examined by me, are Te Ee decangulare f. parviceps Mold. Additional citations: NEW JERSEY: Atlantic Co.: Gershoy 203 (It). Ocean Co.s Egbert sen. [Manchester, 1875] (£). County un- determined: Knieskern sen. (It). NORTH CAROLINA: Carteret Co.: Helms & Helms 1188 (Ne--53073). Dare Coe: Schallert sere [ July 12, "41) (It). Hyde Co.: Wiegand & Manning 673 (It)e New Hanover Cos: Munter sen. [July 18, *27] (It). Richmond Co. Wiegand & Manning 674 (It). Scotland Co.: Wiegand & Manning 675 (It). SOUTH CAROLINA: Berkeley Co.: Rodgers & Mullen 75029 (Ne--96353). Georgetown Co.: Godfrey & Tryon 343 (It). Hampton Co.: Wiegand 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 287 & Manning 678 (It). Kershaw Co.: Radford 44243 (Mi). williams- burg Coe: Wiegand & Manning 677 (It). GEORGIA: Calhoun Coe: Thorne 4697 7 (It)e Charlton Coe: Jones, Bruce, Coile, Kirkman, Muir, Neufeld, & Legato 23030 (Au, Mi). “Evans Coe: Boufford 5138 (Go). Meriwether Co.: Shurtleff Sene (N)- Chesser Island: Wright & Harper 124 (It). FLORIDA: Bay Coe: Perdue 1643 (Mi). Ouval Coe: Curtiss 3016 (It, Mi), 5690 (It); Wiegand & | & Manning 679 (It). Lake Coe: Nash 847 (It), 17 1722 (it). Manatee Coe: Perdue 1757 (Mi); Perkins 473 73 (It), 474 74 (It). Martin Cos: Atwood Sene (It, It). Okaloosa Co.: Hansen jen & Hansen 3725 (Ws). Palm Beach Coe: Abel sen. [25 March 1972] (Ne--172738)3 Cassen 233 (Ne--55199); Muenscher & Muenscher 14031 (It)s Randolph & Small 65 (It)s Uttal 9560 (Ne--98479). Pinellas Co.: Genelle & Fleming 274 ( New=5 3074 ) $ Thorne 1353 (It). ALABAMA: Mobile Coe: He He Bartlett 3232 (Mi, Ne--56238)~ Washington Coe: Se Be Jones s Sen. [31 Aug. 1960} (Mi); Simmers 2136 (It). Dauphin Island: Taylor & Taylor 15264 (Ne-- 104937). MISSISSIPPI: Harrison Coe: Tracy 6417 (It). Ja Jackson Coe: DePoe & DePoe 7200 (Ne--77662)3; Lelong 763 (Ne--100188); Sey~ mour 9199 [Seymour & Earle 16] (It). Marion Cos: Thomas &al. 19633 (Ne--53075), 23716 (Ne--55954). Pearl River Coe: Fe He Sare gent 9368 (Go). LOUISIANA: Beauregard Par.: Thomas & al. 14555 __ (Ne--53065), 41010 (Ne--90659). Jackson Par.: Thomas & & Bot. ll Class 14048 (Ne--53067); Thomas, Dorris, & Drane 14921 ~(Ne--5 3059), 13931 (Ne--53060). St. Tammany Pare: Demares 50777 (Ne--56369)$ Re RalDe Thomas 64834 (Ne--160619); Thomas & al. 40563 (Ne--93031), 62195 (Ne--151058)3 Thomas & Allen 47277 ~(Ne--113572)3 Thomas & family 30252 30252 (Ne--63387, Ne--84265);3 Thomas & Moreland 65856 (Ne-- 159006); Tho Thomas, Moreland, Cormier, & Scurr Scurria 55352 ( New-144713)3 Thomas & Thomas 49283 (Ne-j-124138)._ Tangipahoa Par.: Thomas & Pias 65209 (Ne--161620). sad glee Pare: Thomas & al. 32355 (Ne=--121419); Thomas & Rogers 29353 (New_66426)3 Thomas & Tycer 37587 (Ne--84471), TEXAS? Angelina Coss Re Se Mitchell 4007 (N). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Curtis, Bot. Mage 59: “pl. 3126. [832 (1t). ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE f. LATIFOLIUM (Chapm.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Kral in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. SEs U.. Se 510. 1979; Molde, Ph ytologia 41: 417 & 418 (1979) and 44: 134, 19793; Mold., Phytol. Mam. 2: 22, 25, 26, 401, & 598, 1980; Mold., Phytologia £0: 260 (1982) and 52: 112, 1982. Additional citations: ALABAMA: Houston Co.: Wiegand & Manning 680 (It). ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE var. MINOR Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 417 & 416. 19793 Jo Te & Re Kartesz, Syne Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 197. 19803 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 14, 16, 41, 48, & 598. 1980; Mold., Phyto- logia 50: 234, 236, & 239. 1982. Racent collectors have encountered this plant in white gravel- 288 Pwoy POLO Ger A Vol. 53, No. 4 ly soil of bogs, in open grassy Sphagnum mats in bogs, and in clumps in savanna-avergreen bog areas, the soil with a pH 5.9 value, in flower in May and June and both in flower and fruit in July and September. They describe the flowers as white. Material has been misiddntified and distributed in herbaria as E. compressum Lames Eo decangulare Le, and Ee septangulare Withe Additional citations: MARYLAND: Prince Georges Co.: Muenscher 3649 (It). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Hotchkiss 1500 (It). NORTH CAROLINA: New Hanover Coe: Sieran 1403 (Ne--124964). LOUISIANA: Natchitoches Pare: Thomas & Carroll 73884 & 2378 (Ne--183781); Thomas & Pias 49236 (Ne--122342). Sabine Pare: Carroll 1442 (Ne— Te1009), 1706 (Ne--182772), 1707 (Ne--182771), 1734 (Ne--161488), 1754 (Ne--181469), 1925 (Ne--182993), 2020 (Ne--183145). Vernon Pare: Thomas & al. 19842 (Ne--53063); Thomas & family 24688 (Ne-- 69382, Ne--69383). TEXAS: Hardin Co.: Fryxell 3000 (Ne--161072). Leon Co.: Crutchfield 2640 (N). Robertson Co.: Rowell 8071 (Mi). Tyler Cos: D. 6. Correll 35842 (N). ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE f. PARVICEPS Mold. Synonymy: Eriocaulon lLongifolium Raf., Autikon Bote, imp. l, 188, 1840 [not E. longifolium Nees, 1841). Additional bibliography: Rafe, Autikon Bote, imp. 1, 188 (1840) and impe 2, 188. 19433 Mold., Phytologia 41: 416--419 & 459, 19793; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 12--14, 16, 17, 19, 22, 25, 41, 46, 48, 78, 402, & 598, 19803; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 8, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 234 & 236 (1982) and 52: 111 & 112. 1982. It appears to me now that Rafinesque’s species, previously re- garded as being the same as typical E. decangulare, actually rep- resents the small-headed f. parviceps. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in clumps on seasonally flooded ground in pine savannas burned annually in the dry season and in wet clearinas in white cedar swamps, at 10 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in June and August, the flower- heads described as white. Thomas, in South Carolina, found it growing in soil comprising a 22 cm. layer of black humus over an 18 cm. layer of yellow sand, which, in turn, lay over a 30 cm. layer of impermeable clay ona level savanna dominated by Cteanium aromaticum, Ilex glabra, Myrica cerifera, Quercus pumila, Rhynchospora chapmani, Pinus palustris, and Panicum wrightianum. One scape on Thomas 174 is binarye It may be worth noting here that the collections previously cited by me from "Cabo Gracias a Dfos", Nicaragua, are actually from the province of Zelaya (which province includes the cape). Seymour (1980) cites from Zelaya the following collections: Nelson 4468, 4630, 4765, & 4971 and Seymour 5766-6 Material of this form has been widely distributed in herbaria as typical E. decangulare L. and as £. compressum Lam. Additional & emended citations: NEW JERSEY: Burlington Coes Je A. Allen 73 (It), 178 (It); Blaser sen. [August 16, 19321; (:14)3 Cershoy 204 (It). Cape May Co.: B. Long 14076 (Go). Ocean Coe: 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 289 Benner 3612 (It); Chrysler s.n. [11 Aug. 1926] (It); Gershoy 205 (7t)s Herb. Cornell Unive sen. [July 25, '77] (It) We Stone sens (It). County undetermined: '? Eaton Sene (It). NORTH CAROLINA: Carteret Co.: Abbe & Spalteholz sen. [July 31, 1927] (It). Colum bus Co.: Wiegand & Manning 676 (It). Macon Co.: Le Ne Johnson sene [Franklin, July 16, 1888] (N). Onslow Coe: Retdolpy a nent dolph 969 (It). Rowan Co.: Heller 180 (It). SOUTH CAROLINA: Bam- barg COs: Ahles & Haesloop 30487 (Mi). Charleston Cos: Junt 34b (It). Horry Ty COs: We We Thomas 174 (Mi). GEORGIA: Ben Hill Cos: Rhoades Sene [August 1925] (It). Charlton Co.: Wright, wright, Harper, & & Pirnie 123 (It). Coffee Co.: Volosen 38 (Ne--120842). Randolph | Co.: Thorne & Muanscher 8173 (It). Tift Coes Stuckey S. ne [August 18, 1933] (It). Worth Co.: Thorne 6349 (It). FLORIDA: Lee Coo: A. Se Hitchcock 375 (It). Manatee Co.: Tracy 7587 TER. ALABAMA: Baldwin Cos: Tracy 8043 (It). Mobile Co.s Bigelow 152 (N). Washington Coes Munz sene [June Ll, 1917] (It). LOUISIANA: Allen Par.: Thomas & family 30088 (Ne--63072). Seavuregard Pare: Thomas & al. 14501 (Ne--5 3064), 24020 (Ne--53068). Grant Pare: Thomas & Barrett ett 16564 (Ne--53061); Thomas & Bot. 313 Class 19559 (Ne--53062). Natchitoches Pare: DePos 5725-2 (Na--74093)$ We Co Holmes 3887 (Ne--182345)3; Price & Price sen. [4 July 1973] (Ne-- 83732); Re De Thomas 74115 (Ne--180701)3; Thomas, Allen, & al. 41418 (Ne--106684). Rapides Par.: Schutz & Cormier er 1614 ~(Ne-- 156304); Schutz, Cormier, & White 1791 (Ne--154487)3 Tho Thomas, Schutz, Pias, & Lurry 55121 55121 (Ne--137726). Ste Tammany y Pare: Re De Thomas 69018 (Ne--165881). Vernon Par.: Thomas & al, 14559 (Ne-- 53066); Thomas & Grelan 71864 (Ne--175806). Washington Pare: Thomas & al. 23738 (Ne--53069), 35383 (Ne--80324). Winn Pares Thomas & Kessler 72979 & 615 (Ne--179023). OKLAHOMA: Pushmataha Coo: J J. Taylor 22410 (Ne--136920); Taylor & Taylor 24563 (Ne-- 136919). TEXAS: Austin Co.: Tharp sen. [6/26/42] (It). Hardin Coe: Crockett S.1140 (It); Fryxell 3000 (Mi). Jasper Co.s Raymond & Painter 24 (Ne--95273). Tyler Coe: 3: Correll & Correll 36026 (N)e NICARAGUA: Zelaya: Bunting & Licht 438 (N, W--2542662)3 Neill 4399 (Ld); Ee Be Nelson 4630 (Ld), 4765 (td); Fe Ce Seymour 5766 5766 (ac, N)3 We Ds “Stevens 10391 (Ld). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDE= TERMINED: Barratt SoNe (N)e ERTOCAULON DECEMFLORUM Maxim. Additional bibliography: Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 36: 476--477. 1977; Molds, Phytol. Mem. 23 278, 299, 300, 303, & 598, 1980. ERIOCAULON DECEMFLORUM f. ABERANS Satake Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 113. 1974; Molde, Phytol. Mem, 2: 300 & 598. 1980. ERIOCAULON DECEMFLORUM f. COREANUM (H. Lecomte) Nakai Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon coreanum H. Lecomte, Notul. Syst. 290 Dey T OLD Gers Vol. 53, No. 4 1: 191--192. 1909, Additional bibliography: H. Lecomte, Notul. Syst. 1: 191--192, 1909; Molde, Phytologia 24: 254, 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 299 & 598, 1980. ERTIOCAULON DECIPIENS Ne Eo Bre Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 113. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 235, 237, 239, 403, & 598, 1980. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in wat peat bogs with Drosera, sedges, and tussocky grasses, describing it as an herb with a short rhizome and rosettes of small leaves, the perianth and anthers black, and the feathery stigmas white, at 2200 m. altitude, in flower in October. Additional citations: MALAWI: Robson & Angus 293 (£--1984096). ERIOCAULON DEHNIAE He Hess Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 355. 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 237 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON DEIGHTONII Meikle Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 419--420, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 207, 208, & 598, 1980. ERIOCAULON DEMBIANENSE A. Chiov. Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 39 (2): 10. 19133 Mold., Phytologia 24: 355. 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 203 & 598. 1980, DeWilde describes this plant as a small herb with “silvery-pale brown" or “gray-blackish" inflorescences with a “whitish fringe at apex of bracts, the stigmas whitish" and found it growing in clayish soil “in wet places under grasses and sedoes around small marshy lakes in valley bottoms surrounded by short-grass vegeta- tion” and “in marshy land along creeks, moist grassy places, and reddish clay soil", at 1700--2000 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in June. He comments "see also my 6148", Additional citations: ETHIOPIA: DaWilde 6146 (E£--2694284, Ld, Mu); DeWilde & al. 6886 (F--2254671). BG te ERIOCAULON DENSUM Mart. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 113, 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 141, 401, & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON DEPAUPERATUM Merr Additional bibliography: Molds, Phytologia 36: 477, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 307 & 598, 1980. ERIOCAULON DEPRESSUM Re Bre Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 34: 268 & 399, 1976; Molde, Phytol, Mame 2: 336 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON DIANAE Fyson Additional & emended bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. ls 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 291 SBS 2,0 fige E2,(1919), and. 22.139 & 259-.260,) figs. 227 olbssll & 12. 19213 Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. L1--15. 19233 Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. Ll: 375. 1941; Anon., Kew Bull. Gene Ind. lll. 19593 Molde, Phytologia 41: 420, 19793 Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 261, 267, 28, & 598, 1980, Additional & emended illustrations: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. le SL, Figs 22 (1919) and. 22.139, fig... 12,.& ple ll & 12, 19215 Fyson, Indian Spe Erioc. pl. Ll--15. 1923. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a "common" herb, with white flowering heads, growing in full sunlight on marshy ground and found it in both flower and fruit in November. Nicolson regards the Hooper & Gandhi collection, cited below, as representing var. longibracteatum Fyson. Additional citations: INDIA: Karnatakas Hooper & Gandhi HFP. 2432 (We-2797014). Maharashtra: Padhye 3 (id), 7 (td). ERTOCAULON DIANAE var. LONGIBRACTEATUM Fyson Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 477. 1977; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 261, 267, 285, & 598, 1980. Sinclair reports this plant as "common" in meadows in the Bom- bay region, flowering there in September. The Hooper & Gandhi HFP.2432, distributed as this variety, seems to me better regarded as representing typical E. dianas Fy- sOne Additional citations: INDIA: Maharashtra: J. Sinclair 4485 ( Wee2918901), ERIOCAULON DIANAE vare PARVIFLORUM Fyson Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 356. 19723 MNold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON DIANAE vare RICHARDIANUM Fyson Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 489 & 490, 1976; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 598, 1980. ERIOCAULON DICLINE Maxim. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 194, 1974; Nolde, Phytol. Mem, 2: 300 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON DICTYOPHYLLUM K6rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 477. 19773 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 141, 401, 425, & 598, 1980. ERIOCAULON DICTYOPHYLLUM fF. VIVIPARUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 34: 399, 1976; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 141 & 598, 1980, ERIOCAULON DIMORPHOELYTRUM T. Koyama Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 357. 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 300 & 598, 1980; Hara in Ozegahara, Scient. Res. Highmoor 132. 1982. Hara (1982) reports this species from the moors of Akatashiro 292 Aap ye Poe O-Ert sz Vol. 53, No. 4 on Honshu island, Japan. ERIOCAULON DIMORPHOPETALUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 477, 19773 Wiold., Phytol. tiem. 2: 108, 115, & 599, 1980, Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Davidse 4400 (N). ERIOCAULON DIOECUM Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 477, 1977; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 89 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON DISEPALUM Ridl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 195, 1974; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 296 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON DREGEI Hochst. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 34: 399, 19763 fliold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 243-245 & 599, 1980. ERIOCAULON DUTHIEI Hook. f. Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. ple 7. 19233 Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 29: 195. 19743 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261, 292, & 599, 1980. Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 7. 19235. Lecomte (1912) cites only an unnumbered Bon collection from Tonkin, Vietnam. ERIOCAULON EBERHARDTII He Lecomte Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 490, 1976, Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 292 & 599, 1980, Lecomte (1912) cites only an unnumbered Lecomte & Finet collec- tion from Annam, Vietnam. ERIOCAULON ECHINACEUM Van Royen Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 357--358, 1972; Molds, Phytol. Mem. 2: 314 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON ECHINOSPERMOIDEUM Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Molde, Phytologia 36: 477. 1977; Nolde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 89 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON ECHINOSPERMUM C. Wright Additional bibliography: Miold., Phytologia 36: 477. 1977; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 89, 401, & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON ECHINULATUM Mart. Additional bibliography: Walpe, Anne Not. Syst. 5s 926 & 95-6 1860; Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 34. 19233 Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. ls 375. 1941; Holm, Pancho, Herberger, & Plucknett, Geogr. Atlas World Weeds 148, 19793 Mold., Phytologia 41: 420 & 457, 1979; Molde, Phytol. Mem, 2: 261, 272, 275, 278, 285, 288, 290, 292, 307, 326, & 599, 1980, 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 293 Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. ple 34. 1923. Lacomte (1912) cites for this species only unnumbered collec- tions of Lecomte & Finet from Cambodia, of Pierre and of Thorel from Cochinchina, and of Balansa from Tonkin. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in moist savanna regions on sandstone, at 1300 m, altitude, in fruit in December. The Beusekom & al. collection, cited below, is a mixture with E. truncatum Hamilt. and a sedge. Additional citations: THAILAND: Beusekom, Phenakhai, Geesink, & Wonqwan 4590 in part (£--2359030). ERIOCAULON EDWARDII Fyson Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 34. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. ls: 375, 19413; Babu, Herb. Fl. Dehra Dun 547. 19773; Mold., Phytologia 41: 420. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Nem, 2: 261 & 599, 1980, Additional illustrations: Fyson, Indian Spe Erioc. pl.34. 1923, Babu (1977) describes this species as "common" in moist grassy places in the sal forests of Dehra Dun, India, flowering there from September to December, citing Babu 34044b, ERIOCAULON EDWARDII vare CLARKEI Haines Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 420. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 23 261 & 599. 1980, ERTOCAULON EHRENBERGIANUM Klotzsch Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon shrenbergianum Klotz ex Koernes in herb. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 420. 19793 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 62, 71, 75, 401, & 599, 19803 F. Ce Saymour, Phy- tol. Mem. 1: 8. 1980. Recent collectors refer to this species as an herbaceous per- ennial plant, with white flower-heads, and have encountered it "en lugares pantanosos" and in disturbed pastizal, at 2350 m, al- titude, in both flower and fruit in July. The Fay, Byrne, & & Calzada 873, distributed as Ee ehrenberagianum, actually is E. seaemannii Mold., 5, while Rzedowski 35035 probably is E. benthami Kunthe Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: Pringle 68989 (CTE, MSs GUATEMALA: Chimaltenango: McPherson 1103 (N). ERIOCAULON EKMANNII Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. Ae23: 389. 19743; Molde, Phytologia 36: 478. 1977; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 89 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON ELEGANTULUM Engl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 420--421, 1979; Molde, Phytol, Mem, 2: 201, 211, 212, 216, 226, 229, 230, 237, 240, & 599, 1980, 294 PH Veto GoGua me Vol. 53, No. 4 ERTOCAULON ELENORAE Fyson Additional & emanded bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 23 139, fige 5- 19213 Fyson, Indian Spe Erioc.e. pl. 35. 1923; Wors- dell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 1941; Mold., Phytologia 32: 491, 19763 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 261, 267, & 599, 1980, Additional illustrations: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 139, fige Se 19213 Fyson, Indian Spe Erioc. pl. De 1923. Bennet (1976) cites his nos. 1012 & 1013 from Howrah, India, where, he says, the species is "less common" than other species of the genus, “mostly in paddy-fields or swampy areas with a thin layer of water", flowering there from September to November. The Saldanha 15416, distributed as Ee elenorae, seems, instead, to be Ew hamiltonianum Mart. Additional citations: INDIA: Maharashtra: Padhye 5 (Ld), 12 (Ld). ERIOCAULON ELICHRYSOIDES Bong. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 478, 19773 fion- teiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bote Unive Se Paulo 7: [43], 45, 46, & 56, fig. 26--31, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 141, 177, 33, & 599. 1980, Additional illustrations: Monteiro, Giulietti, MNazzoni, & Cas- tro, Bol. Bot. Unive S. Paulo 73: 56, fig. 26—--31, 1979, Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Heringer, Paula, Mendonca, & Salles 68 (£--2770471). ERIOCAULON ENSIFORME Ce. Ee Ce Fischer Additional bibliography: Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. ls: 375. 19413 Anone, Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. LIL. 19593 Mold., Phytologia 32: 491 (1976) and 34: 263. 19763 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 599. 1980, ERIOCAULON EPAPILLOSUM Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 491. 1976; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 23 141 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON EQUISETOIDES Van Royen Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 458 (1972), 29: 200 (1974), and 34: 490, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 314, 320, & 599. 1980, ERIOCAULON ESCAPE Hansen Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 491. 1976; Mold., Phytol. fNiem. 2: 28 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON EURYPEPLON K6rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 491-492, 19763 Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON EXSERTUM Satake Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 459, 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 257 & 599, 1980, 1983 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 295 ERIOCAULON FABERI Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 32: 492. 1976; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 278 & 599, 1980, ERTOCAULON FENESTRATUM Bojer Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 196. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mam. 2: 250, 252, & 599. 1980, ERIOCAULON FILTJFOLIUM Hand.-Mazz. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 459, 1972; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 278 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON FISTULOSUM R. Br. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 34: 400. 1976; Molds, Phytol. Mem. 2: 336 & 599, 1980, ERTOCAULON FLUMINEUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 459, 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 250 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON FLUVIATILE Trimen Additional bibliography: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 49. 1923; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375. 19413 Mold., Phytologia 4l: 421, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261, 268, 283, 292, & 599, 1980, Additional jllustrations: Fyson, Indian Sp. Erioc. pl. 49. 1923. Lecomte (1912) cites for this species only an unnumbered Lecomte & Finet collection from Annam and a Balansa collection from Tonkin, Vietnam. He lists the species also from Hong Kong. ERTOCAULON FRIESTORUM Bullock Additional bibliography: Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. Lll. 1959; Mold., Phytologia 32: 492. 19763; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 224, 230, & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON FULIGINOSUM™ C. Wright Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 421. 1979; WMold., Phytol. Nem. 2: 74, 89, 91, 403, 404, & 599, 1980. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in damp sand, in bare soil and grassy areas around ponds, and in wet areas on savan- nas near sealevel, often with the green leaves submerged in water and only the gray flower-heads exposed, in both flower and fruit in January and September, Additional citations: BELIZE: Liesner & Dwyer 1407a (£--2906905), 1665 (€--2773077, Ld)$ wWhitefoord 2376 (£--2905941). ERIOCAULON FULVUM N. Ew Bre Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 421, 426, & 458. 1979; Molde, Phytol. Maem. 2: 200, 205-~207, 211, 212, & 599. 1980. This plant has been found in anthesis in October. Additional citations: GUINEA BISSAU: Espirito Santo 1350 (E-- 2427254). 296 iM IV cheats DuGex Ha Vol. 53, No. 4 ERTOCAULON FUSIFORME Britton & Small Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 36: 478, 1977; Molde, Phytol. Mam, 2: 91 & 599, 1980, ERTOCAULON GAMBLET Ce Ee Co. Fischer Additional bibliography: Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 375, 1941; "none, Kew Bull. Gane Ind. LIL. 19593 fiold., Phytologia 32: 493. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 261 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON GCIBBOSUM K6rn. Additional bibliography: Lotsy, Vortr. Bot. Stammesoes. 3 (1): 706 & 964, fig. 480 (1). 19113 Mold., Phytologia 32: 493. 1976; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 141 & 599, 1980, Additional illustrations: Lotsy, Vortr. Bot. Stammesoqes. 3 (1): 706, fig 480 (1). 1911. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amapas Murca Pires, Rodrigues, & Irvine 50900 (W--24 35333). Nato Grosso: Rosa & & Santos 1989 (fas 2770650). Paras Sacco 193 (td). ERIOCAULON GCIBBOSUM var. LONGIFOLIUM K6rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 460. 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mam. 2: 14] & 599, 1980. ERIOCAULON GIBBOSUM var. MATTOGROSSENSE Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Niold., Phytologia 29: 197, 1974; Molde, Phytol, Mem. 2: 141 & 599. 1980, ERIOCAULON GIBBOSUM fF. VIVIPARUM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 24: 460. 1972; Molde, Phytol. Mem. 2: 141 & 599, 1980, ERIOCAULON GILGIANUM Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 29: 197-198 & 232. 19743 Molde, Phytol. Nem, 2: 226, 233, 237, 250, & 599, 1980. ERIOCAULON GILUWENSE Van Royen, Alpine Fl. Ne Guin. 22 836--838, Fige 284 A--C. 1979, Bibliography: Van Royen, Alpine Fl. Ne Guin. 2: 825 & 836--838, Fig. 284 A--G. 19793 Mold., Phytologia 50: 254, 1982. Tllustrationss: Van Royen, Alpine Fle Ne Guine 2: 837, fig. 284 A--G. 1979, This species is based on Schodde 1918 from the western summit of Mt. Giluwe, Papua, New Guinea, deposited in the herbarium of the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. It is described as a very small herb growing in dense tussocks up to 12 cm. in diameter. Van Roy- en (1979) asserts that it occurs also on Mounts Capella, Sarawaket, and Scorpion in the Territory of New Guinea, citing Barker LAE. 66958, Croft & Lelean LAE.65869, 65874, & 68442, inhabiting alpine bogs on the banks of tarns, at 3000-3800 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in April, May, and August. Croft and his associates have also found it in saturated swamp margins at 2100 m. altitude, Flowering in December, describing it as an erect herb, LO cm, tall. [to be continued] Notes on Begoniaceae -- II Lyman B. Smith and Dieter C. Wasshausen United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., U.S.A. The following new and emended species of Begonia are needed for treatments which we have undertaken for the "Flora de Venezuela" and the "Flora of Ecuador". We are comparing them with the known species from the corresponding country, but in our manuscript of the "Illustrated Key to the Species of Begoniaceae” they appear to be distinct for the World. VENEZUELA Cf. L. B. Smith, Begonia of Venezuela, Phytologia 27: 209- 227 gupl «.E-9..1973- 19a. BEGONIA HUMILLIMA L. B. Smith & D. C. Wasshausen, sp. nov. A B. prieurii A. DC. filamentis in columna connatis, et a B. steyermarkii L. B. Smith & Schubert tepalis femineis liberis et ab ambo habito prostrato et foliorum laminis bullatis differt. Planta mollis prostrata, cauli repenti ramoso puberulo ad nodos radicanti, stipulis persistentibus ovatis filiforme-mucro- natis, petiolis puberulis, foliorum laminis obliquis subovatis bullatis duplicato-dentatis, pedunculis brevibus, inflorescentiis masculinis racemosis, paucifloris, bracteis persistentibus serra- tis, tepalis masculinis 4 ovatis albis, filamentis in columna connatis, inflorescentiis femineis unifloris, bracteolis ellipti- cis laceratis, tepalis femineis 5 subaequalibus, alis valde inaequalibus, placentis simplicibus. Type: Venezuela: Yaracuy: Distrito Brizual: Montana de Maria Lionza: virgin evergreen forest, ascent of mountain along Quebrada Quibayo, above Quibayo, south of Chivacoa, near summit, Tat. 10°, 6-7" N., Long. 69° 55° W, alt. 850 m., 14 March 1981, Julian Steyermark, Claudia Sobrevila, Denis Fernandez & Anne Beatriz Hernandez 12511 (Holotype, VEN; isotype US). 28a. BEGONIA CONFINIS L. B. Smith & D. C. Wasshausen, sp. nov. AB. foliosa H.B.K. et B. microphylla A. DC. ramis minori- bus hispidis, foliorum laminis rhombicis grosse dentatis usque subtrilobatis differt. Ramosissima, ramis ad nodos incrassatis hispidis, stipulis persistentibus late ovatis, petiolis brevissimis, foliorum lami- nis rectis dimidiatis rhombicis grosse dentatis usque subtrilo- batis, pedunculis axillaribus filamentosis, inflorescentiis floribus duobus gerentibus, bracteis persistentibus laceratis, tepalis masculinis 4 albis, subaequalibus ellipticis, tepalis femineis 5 subaequalibus, alis valde inaequalibus, placentis 297 298 PHY TOLCvaer sa Vol. 53, No. 4 acutis. Type: Venezuela: Zulia: Distrito Perija: in densely shrubby area of moist, slightly open forest. "Campamento Frontera V", on international boundary; headwaters of Rfo Guasare, Lat. 10° 23' 07.8" N, Long. 72° 52" 45.5" W, 20-23 July 1974, Charles W. Wood & Paul E. Berry 99 (Holotype, US; isotype, VEN). ECUADOR cf. L. B. Smith & D. C. Wasshausen, Begonia of Ecuador, Phytologia 44: 233-256, pl. 1-9. 1979. 49. BEGONIA PIURENSIS L. B. Smith & B. G. Schubert, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 13, pt. 4: 197. 1941; emend. L. B. Smith & D. C. Wasshausen. Planta juvenis, stipulis ovatis, acutis, ca. 6 mm longis, mox deciduis, tepalis roseis. Ecuador: Azuay: roadside, 30 km east of Jesus Maria, border with Cahar, alt. 1700 m, 12 April 1980, Al Gentry, Carmen Bonifaz & R. Horna 28498 (MO, US). 1983 Smith & Wasshausen, Notes on SBeqoniaceze 299 Plate 1 ¢ bes MESON Pert, TOMA DS ERA Oe Carte ee Cana / Begonia humillima Smith & Wasshausen 300 Poe Vi TOL be Baby TA Vol. 53, Now 4 Pliate 2 Begonia confinis Smith & Wasshausen 1983 Smith & Wasshausen, Notes on Begoniaceae 301 Plate 3 Vi We > yy ZY: : \ | Begonia piurensis Smith & Schubert, emend. Smith & Wasshausen BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "BTOLOGY" Fourth Edition by Helena Curtis, xxviii & L159 pp., hundreds of color & b/w photos, draw.e, diag. & tab. Worth . Publishers, Ince, New York, Ne Ye LOOl6,. 1983. $27.95. I have reviewed favorably each previous edition of this out- standing text and recommend this one heartily because of its stimulating and scientifically well-presentsd contents, its good use of clear lanquage, and its superb and pertinent illustrations. The only drawbacks are minors how much and what to cover ina quarter lenath course, how can students on a financial margin manage the price which is certainly reasonable for so large and richly prepared a book. The carefully tempered historical explana- tions for creationist and evolutionary concepts should be helpful and assuring to the students from much of the rural south. With the discussion of the digestive system, it is admirable that the Heimlich maneuver is demonstrated. The illustrations are superb; many have been seen by the students on public television's nature and educational programs. With only one do J take issue: on pe. 443 green coloring is slobbered all over a leaf cross-section and the chloroplasts ara shown in black’ Supplements include a study quide for $7.95 which I did not see (previous ones I did not especially care for), an instructor's manual, test bank and transparencies which are free to adopters. This text should also be available to high school biology teachers. "AGRICULTURAL PLANTS" by Re He Me Langer & Ge De Hill, vii & 344 ppe, 86 b/w line drawe, 12 fig. & 7 tab. Cambridge Universi- ty Press, London & New York, Ne Ye 10022. 1982. $39.95 clothbound & $15.95 paperbound. "Intended to serve as an introduction to agricultural plants [especially temperate field crops], their structure, botanical characteristics, their place in agriculture, their cultivation and uses," this text is really excellent for English-reading agro- nomy students the world over, despite some flaws that better proofreading would have caught. These slips (gynoecium misspelled on p. 39 and a few other words: bacteria, blueqreen algae and mycoplasmas still called plants: cellular illustrations with no magnifications marked) are really unexpected from this famous Cambridge University Press! The food, forage, oil, fiber, etc. plants are arranged according to families. Their origin, agri- cultural history, description, chromosome number, cultivation and use are discussed concisely. They are clearly illustrated in the attractive line drawings by Karen Mason. The reference 302 1983 Moldenke, Book reviews 303 material is carefully chosen and reasonably accessible to students, but it does not include the helpful “Oxford Book of Food Plants", There is an introductory chapter on plant structure and a final one on the physiological basis of yield. "INTRODUCTION TO INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT Second Edition edited by Robert L. Matcalfe & William H. Luckmann, xiv & 577 ppe, 125 b/w fige, 71 photo., 65 tab. & 2 maps. Wiley-Interscience Publication of John Wiley & Sons, New York, N. Y. 10158, 1982. © $52.56. “The urgency for the widespread adoption of past management practices continues to grow with the ever widening gene pools of insecticide resistant pests, with exponentially increasing costs of insecticides, and with spreading ecological disturbances, pest resurgences, environmental pollution, and adverse impacts on human health; all resulting from the injudicious use of insecti- cides." This collection of 16 carefully prepared papers is orien- ted to insect problems in agriculture, but its basic principles are applicable to plant pathogens, weed control, public health and cattle and stock disease problems. Among others, the follow- ing aspects of pest management are effectively considered: the basic concept, ecological aspects, economics, plant resistance, parasitoids and predators, insect pathogens, insecticides, attrac- tants and repellents, genetic control, analysis and modeling, and the future to which skilled young people are invited vocationally by the dedicated authors. This text is important, well explained, well jllustrated and expletive of the only reasonable control approach, "THE WATER NATURALIST” by Heather Angel & Pat Wolseley, 192 pp.e, hundreds of color & b/w photo., draw. & fig. Facts on File, Ines, Now York, Ne Ys 10016. 1982. $19.95. This large-sized, attractive, informative book was first pro- duced by the Roxby Water Naturalist Ltd. of London. H. Angel pro- vided most of the excellent photography and P. Wolseley the text which describes and gives man’s ecological effects upon (a) still water such as ponds and pools, lakes and meres, mires: and moors, (b) running water such as streams and brooks, large rivers and channelled waters, (c) sea edges such as estuaries and changing coast lines, sand and shingle, rocky shores and cliffs, and (d) open see with man's impact upon it. After each of these and other articles some interesting projects are suggested to the juvenile student or adult reader. Anyone with naturalist leanings will enjoy this book; so could some school classes studying their en- vironment. 304 PAYOR LIOee A Vol. 53, Now 4 "FLOWFRING PLANTS IN THE LANDSCAPE” edited by Mildred FE. hathias, xiii & 254 pp., 240 color & b/w photo. University of Cali- fornia Press, Los Angeles, Berkeley, London, & New York, NeYe 10017. i982. $16.95% This is a besutifully and considerably enlarqed revision which still contains many of the fine color photographs and descriptions of the Ralph Dalton Cornell. Jt can be an armchair delight in any clime as well as a choice quide for the "traveling flower lover" or "the adventurous oardener in tropical or subtropical regions". The plants are aqrouped by form -- as trees, shrubs, vines and ground covers. The editor-guthor is world famous in her skill as a botanist. The price of the book is very reasonable considering the many fine color illustrations and the fine quality printing and paper. “THE ENCYCLOPFOIA OF ALCOHOLISM by Robert O*Brien & iiorris Cha- fatz, MeDe, xix & 378 pp., 30 b/w fig. & 74 tab. Facts on File Publications, New York, N. Y. LOOL6. 1982. $40.00. This is a well prepared, useful exposition in dictionary or encyclopedia format covering virtually all phases of this afflic- tion along with historical, etymological and socio-cultural high- lights. The human physiology and pathology involved ure ex- plained with scientific accuracy. The second author is well known as a previous director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Washington and now is the principal research scientist at Johns Hopkins University Metropolitan Center for Planning and Research. “THE PATIENT'S GUIDE TO MEDICAL TESTS" by Cathey Pinckney & Ede ward Re Pinckney, MeDe, xxxiv & 297 pp. & 1 tab. Facts on File Publications, New York, Ne Ye LOOl6. 1982. $7.95 paperbound,. In simple language and dictionary format about 700 tests are briefly described for nature, procedure, purpose, risk, cost range, and specific values. The technical terms involved are also given dictionary treatment. The book is useful particular- ly to folks who want to have their doctor's explanations aug- mented and/or clarified by printed word reassurance. ii, Inasmuch as we do no editing, papers accepted for publication must be submitted in exactly the form that the author wants to have them published. They will then be photographed and printed by photo-offset in exactly the form as submitted except that we will add page numbers and running-heads. Typescripts should be prepared single-spaced on clean white heavy bond smooth and opaque paper. Elite type is probably the most space-economical. Typescript text must not exceed a rectangle 5% inches wide (horizontal) by 8% inches high (vertical), not including the running-head and page number. 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Cost of publication at present is $10.00 US per page,with no subsequent rebates, but this rate may vary depending on inflation and costs, so it is best to inquire as to current rates. The page charges are due with the typescript and no paper will be published before payment is received in full. Each author will receive gratis a proportionate share of the printed copies remaining after paid subscriptions are filled, but if separates (reprints or offprints) are desired, these will be charged extra in accord with the current rate for offprints provided by the printer. The cost of all such separates ordered must also be paid for in advance at the time the typescript is sent. No orders for separates will be accepted later, nor can additions or corrections be accepted. Authors are asked to indicate in light pencil on the reverse side of each page of their typescript the page number so that no mistakes in sequence occur. Each number consists of not less than 32 pages. All manuscript accepted will be published in the next issue, so that the size of numbers may vary greatly. A volume will contain 512 pages. This plan insures prompt publication of all accepted manuscript. Illustrations will be published according to the desires of the authors. No extra charge is made for line drawings, such as are ordinarily reproduced in zinc, or for diagrams, tables, or charts, provided they conform to certain limitations of size and proportion. An extra charge will be made for halftones, depending on their size, as fixed by the engraver. Articles dealing with research in all lines of botany and plant ecology, in any reasonable length, biographical sketches, and critical reviews and summaries of literature will be considered for publication.