An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication
PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 63 November 1987 No. 6
CONTENTS
~ TURNER, B.L., A trifoliate species of Koanophyllon (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae) from Chiapas, Mexico ............ 413
, ~ TURNER, B.L., Submergence of the genera Caterothamnus
4 and Oaxacana into Hofmeisteria (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae) ... 415
ee. TURNER, B.L., Study of the Ageratina mairetiana complex 4 (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae) .......... 0.2 cc cece cece eee eee 417
‘ 5 » TURNER, B.L., Reduction of the genera Piqueriopsis and i: Iltisia to Microspermum (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae) ........... 428 4 >. TURNER, B.L., A new species of Ageratina (Asteraceae- ; Eupatorieae) from Coahuila, Mexico ................00000+ 431 TURNER, B.L., New taxa and combinations in Viguiera (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) ............... ccc cece ccc cceces 434 _ » TURNER, B.L., A new species of Piqueria (Asteraceae- Eupatorieae) from Michoacan, Mexico ..............-.+0+: 438 _ SMITH, L.B. & TILL, W., Some remarks on Tillandsia confinis IR ey ef eT ee edie. cia Mg a ed ankog a halen 439 HUFT, M.J., Four new species of Sapium (Euphorbiaceae) from Central and South America ................02000000% 441
d ~ CHRISTY, J.A., Stability of morphological characters of : bryophytes under cultivation: a compilation from the
a IE IESE A ON TAT 9 RI SS ORCI Sa cre a ee 449 _ » OCHOA, C., Solanum tenellum (Sect. Petota), nova specie . PME NN re ge cen ies "ho iain Sig Mia otek sage ofS eve aaleie ee 455 , » HERRERA ARRIETA, Y., Une nueva especie de Muhlenbergia | (Gramineae) del estado de Durango ................20000: 457 ’ SANCHEZ VINDAS, P.E., Mirtaceas Nicaraguenses II: EMGCTUG SEUNVENSIS: SP.\NOD. 6S) k use ooo aa soe nc voce eee cence 461
’ LUNDELL, C.L., Neotropical ‘Myrsinaceae - XXI.............-. 463
\. ST. JOHN, H., A new variety of Euphorbia celastroides
(Euphorbiaceae): Hawaiian Plant Studies 150 .............. 466 ST. JOHN, H., Two Pittosporum species (Pittosporaceae):
Hawaiian Plant Studies 151 ... 2... 02.40.00 eee 468 ST. JOHN, H., Diagnoses of Cyrtandra species (Gesneriaceae)
sect. Chaetocalyces: Hawaiian Plant Studies 152 ............ 469 ST. JOHN, H., Diagnoses of Cyrtandra species, sect.
Verticillatae (Gesneriaceae): Hawaiian Plant Studies 153 ..... 473 ST. JOHN, H., Section Lobicalyces of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae):
Hawaiian Plant Studies 154 ...... 0. 0s. 00 bee eee 476 — ST. JOHN, H., Diagnoses of Cyrtandra species (Gesneriaceae)
section Microcalyces: Hawaiian Plant Studies 155 ........... 485 ST. JOHN, H., Diagnoses of Cyrtandra species (Gesneriaceae)
section Crotonocalyces: Hawaiian Plant Studies 156 ......... 487 ST. JOHN, H., Diagnoses of Cyrtandra species (Gesneriaceae)
section Schizocalyces: Hawaiian Plant Studies 157 .......... 494 MOLDENKE, A.L., Book Reviews... ..... 2... a5 see 504 ‘ Index to authors in Volume Sixty-three ..................+2e-+ 506 Index to supraspecific scientific names in Volume Sixty-three..... 506 B Publication dates «0.0 b.c oeiscs ns 55 ules’ o's ohalgin a ae 512
The publishers wish to thank their son, Dr. Andrew R. Moldenke, for his _ skillful and more than considerable assistance in getting most of this — volume to press during the very serious and prolonged illnesses of the senior publisher.
os a &
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 590 Hemlock Avenue N.W. Corvallis, Oregon 97330-3818 U.S.A.
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A TRIFOLIOLATE SPECIES OF KOANOPHYLLON (ASTERACEAE-EUPATORIEAE ) FROM CHIAPAS, MEXICO
B. L. Turner
Dept. of Botany, University of Texas, Austin 78713
Studies for a treatment of the Asteraceae of Mexico (Turner and Nesom, in prep.) have revealed a trifoliolate species of the genus Koanophyllon (sensu King and Robinson, 1971), a segregate from the large genus Eupatorium. The only two collections known possess both simple and trifoliolate leaves on the same plants, but trifoliolate leaves predominate. Fig. 1 reveals the range of variation found.
I have dubbed this, presumably undescribed taxon, K. tripartitum. It is related to the simple-leaved K. ravenii King & H. Rob. and differs by yet other characters including phyllary shape, peduncle length and pappus size.
KOANOPHYLLON TRIPARTITUM B. Turner, Sp. nov. K. ravenii King & H. Rob. simile sed foliis tripartitism
phyllariis obtusis vel truncatis, et setis pappi numerosioribus longioribus differt.
Reportedly an arching shrub to 1.5 m high. Stems terete, striate, densely purplish puberulent. Leaves opposite, 5-9 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, predominantly trifoliolate, but a few simple leaves also present; petioles 10-15 mm long, densely pubescent like the stems; petiolules 0-8 mm long; leaflets ovate, irregularly dentate; simple leaves deltoid, 3-nervate from the base, dentate, densely glandular- punctate beneath. Heads white, ca 4 mm high, arranged in spike-like, terminal or axillary, interrupted globose clusters, the ultimate peduncles 2-5 mm long. Involucres subimbricate, 2-3 seriate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, the bracts truncate-lacerate or obtuse-lacerate at the apices. Florets ca 10 per head; corollas ca 2 mm long, the lobes atomiferous glandular. Achenes 2.5-3.0 mm long, hispidulous, the pappus of 30-40 persistent bristles 2-3 mm long.
TYPE: MEXICO. CHIAPAS: Mcpio. de La Independencia, ridge with lower montane rain forest, 45-50 km E of Lagos de Montebello National Park on road to Ixcan from Santa Elena, 760 m, 22 Jan 1982, D. E. Breedlove & F. Almeda 57695 (holotype TEX; isotypes CAS, etc.).
Additional Specimen Examined: MEXICO. CHIAPAS, Mcpio. de la Independencia, "rocky slope with Pinus, Acacia and Quercus above and SW of La Soledad on road to Las Margaritas", 1525 m, 29 Sep 1981, Breedlove 53093 (TEX).
The two sheets concerned were distributed as K. ‘ravenii but they differ from that species in possessing 3-foliolate leaves; phyllaries with obtuse or truncate, lacerate, apices; longer ultimate peduncles;
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414 PH YY. T 0 L'0°G: ih Vol. 63, No. 6
and pappus bristles more numerous and longer (30-40 vs ca 20; 2-3 mm long vs ca 0.5 mm). In total characters K. tripartitum is somewhat intermediate to K. ravenii and K. solidaginoides (H.B.K.) King & H. Rob., but the 3-foliolate leaves and obtuse or truncate involucral bracts are diagnostic.
I am grateful to Dr. Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis.
LITERATURE CITED
King, R. and H. Robinson. 1971. The genus Koanophyllon. Phytologia 22: 147-152.
Fig.!. Leaf variation in K. tripartitum. Top row from holotype; bottom row from Breedlove 53093.
SUBMERGENCE OF THE GENERA CATEROTHAMNUS AND OAXACANA INTO HOFMEISTERIA (EUPATORIEAE, ASTERACEAE)
B. L. Turner Dept. of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713
The monotypic genera Oaxacana and Caterothamnus are interesting members of the tribe Eupatorieae since both possess well-developed pales on the receptacle and both relate to the well-known, widespread, genus Hofmeisteria.
Oaxacana was proposed by B. L. Robinson and Greenman in 1895 to accomodate a single, poorly known, bluff-dwelling species, O.malvaefolia from the canyons of northern Oaxaca. They compared the plant to Alomia and Trichocoronis, but its proper taxonomic position was not appreciated until the work of King (1972) who compared Qaxacana with his newly described genus Carterothamnus R. M. King. Robinson and King (1977) subsequently accepted both of the latter, placing them as the only genera of their "Oaxacana group" of the tribe Eupatorieae, next to the "Hofmeisteria group" which contained the single genus Hofmeisteria (from which several of its classically- conceived elements were removed and posited elsewhere; King and Robinson, 1966).
In a forth-coming treatment of the Asteraceae of Mexico (Turner & Nesom, in prep.), we intend to treat the genera Carterothamnus and Oaxacana as but chaffy members of the genus Hofmeisteria, and so propose the appropriate combinations herein.
Indeed, after a study of all members of the Hofmeisteria -Carterothamnus-Oaxacana complex (sensu King and Robinson)I can not find a single convincing character, or group of characters, that might lead to the retention of the latter two as distinct genera. Receptacular pales, which are emphasized in their treatment, occur sporadically in Hofmeisteria, and nearly every other character possessed by the two paleaceous genera are also found there in one form or the other. All of the taxa, except, perhaps, H. urenifolia, are more-or-less xeric members which occupy bluffs or saline seaward habitats. Of the three taxa, Oaxacana is the most distinct, occurring in a region remote from its congeners and possessing nearly epappose, flattened, achenes. Phyletically, it is perhaps best distinguished by the enlarged, sclerose, base of its stylar shaft. However, within Hofmeisteria and Carterothamnus specialization in the base of the stylar shaft varies from zilch (in H. urenifolia) to markedly nodose (in Carterothamnus) to a
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416 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 63, No. 6 lesser version of the Oaxacana-type (in H. malvaefolia).
King and Robinson (1970) have briefly discussed some of the differences that are said to distinguish between Oaxacana and Carterothamnus. They emphasize the following:
Oaxacana Carterothamnus
1. achenes flattened 1. achenes symmetrical
2. corolla glandular-pubescent 2. corolla glabrous
3. pappus obsolete 3. pappus well-developed
4. weakly-expanded style apices4. knob-like style apices
5. firm collar-cells 5. weak or lax collar-
celis
6. anther-appendages longer, 6. appendages shorter,
obtuse truncate
Nevertheless, they prefaced the above observations by the following, "One further point of great interest is that these [two] genera seem to be very closely related to each other."
In my opinion the Hofmeisteria-Carterothamnus- Oaxaca complex is a monophyletic assemblage, the basal members of which are Carterothamnus and Oaxacana, both of which have retained receptacular chaff, presumably a primitive or relic-trait in the Asteraceae generally. Appropriate name changes to accomodate these views follow.
HOFMEISTERIA MALVAEFOLIA (B.L. Rob. & Greenm.) B. Turner, comb. nov.
Based upon Oaxacana malvaefolia B.L. Rob. & Greenm., Amer. J. Sci. 50:151.1895.
HOFMEISTERIA ANOMALOCHAETA (R.M. King) B. Turner, comb. nov. Based upon Carterothamnus anomalochaeta R.M. King, Rhodora 69:45.1967.
LITERATURE CITED
King, R.M. 1967. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae) I-III. 69:35-47.
San ES eve Studies in the Compositae-Eupatorieae. XV. Rhodora 72:100-105.
King, R.M. and H. Robinson. 1966. Generic limitations in the Hofmeisteria complex (Compositae-Eupatorieae). Phytologia 12:465-476.
. LIYTO. Studies Ln Behe
Eupatorieae (Compositae). XIV. Phytologia 19:301-302.
STUDY OF THE AGERATINA MAIRETIANA COMPLEX (ASTERACEACE-EUPATORIAE ) B. L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713
McVaugh (1972) rendered a conspectus of a group of species centering about Ageratina mairetiana, which I will refer to here as the A. mairetiana complex. The group is readily recognized by its often small-tree habit, relatively thick, trullate or broadly ovate leaves and large heads, but most of all, by its 2-seriate pappus, the outer series consisting of very short (1-2 mm long), narrow, ciliate scales or bristles, the inner series of bristles 5-7 mm long. In addition, the achene is relatively elongate and is, to some degree, viscid - glabrous or glandular-pubescent (rarely intermixed with hispid hairs).
In spite of its distinctive nature the taxa concerned clearly belong to the genus Ageratina, subgenus Neogreenella, as defined by King and Robinson (1970, etc.), possessing a base chromosome number of x=17 and tubular, glabrous, corollas.
McVaugh (1972) recognized five species in the complex, one of these possessing two forms. He provided a key to the taxa concerned which has proven very helpful in my taxonomic evaluation of the group. I recognize seven species, including all of those recognized by McVaugh. One of these, A. pringlei, was not treated by McVaugh and the other, A. yecorana, is described as new in the present treatment. In addition I have elevated his forma of A, mairetiana to varietal status. The species are all closely related and occasional hybrids presumably occur between these where they occur together.
The common, widespread species, A glabrata H.B.K., superficially resembles members of the complex, but can be immediately recognized by its 1-seriate pappus and merely hispid achenes.
The most obviously related species to the complex is A. cremastra (B. Rob.) King & H. Rob. of Guerrero. It has most of the features of the species, including leaf shape and nervation, involucral features and 2-seriate pappus. Itsstrictly axillary, lax, flexuous corymbs appear to set it apart from the other taxa, but on phyletic grounds it should be included. Yet more remote, but still closely related, is A. oaxacana (Klatt) King & H. Rob (=A. breedlovei King & H. Rob.), which has quite different, pinnately- nerved, leaves, yet it also has the double pappus and the distinctive involucre of the A. mairetiana complex. From A. oaxacana one must slip into A. pelotropa (B. Rob.) King & H. Rob (= A.cronquistii King & H. Rob.). Beyond the latter one might suggest a link with Eupatorium areolare DC., which King & Robinson treat as
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418 PHY TOLO¢C TA Vol. 63, No. 6
a member of the genus Piptothrix which Gage (1986) would transfer to Ageratina. But these are problems for the future. My present intent is to provide a more comprehensive treatment of the A. mairetiana complex than is accorded the group by McVaugh, this having been occasioned by my attempts to indentify material referred to here as A. yecorana. To this purpose I provide a key to the taxa concerned, as follows:
1. Peduncles and phyllaries densely stipitate-glandular.
2. Pubescence of foliage a dense tomentum of browish hairs up to 2 mm long; leaf-blades broadest at or near the
middle-------------------—-----—--------------—-A,_chiapensis
2. Pubescence of foliage not as above; leaf-blades broadest at or hear the base-——— ——— ee
1. Peduncles and phyllaries variously pubescent to glabrous, but not densely stipitate-glandular (i.e., plants with only a smidgen of such hairs will key here).
3. Involucres 5-6(7) mm long.
4. Capitulescence a large ovoid or subcylindric, paniculate thryse formed by both terminal and axilliary corymbs; heads usually pink or purplish------------------------ --A. cylindrica
4. Capitulescence a simple rounded, terminal corymbose panicle; heads white—----—-—--—-—__--_-_—————_-_—_-_- = — A. cerifera
3. Involucres (7)8-12 mm long. 5. Flowers (30)45-70 per head; achenes with stipitate—-glandular hairs or with hispid hairs intermixed. 6. Involucral bracts ca 1/2 - 2/3 as long as the heads, the middle series elliptical, 2-4 mm wide--—----------—---A. yecorana
6. Involucral bracts as long as the heads, the middles series linear-lanceolate, 1-2 mm wide---—-—-------—-—----A. lasioneura
5. Flowers (10)15-35 per head; achenes either viscid-glabrous or with atomiferous unstalked glands (rarely a few hispid Nal lS ) een ne nnn nnn == === —— === ==A, mairetiana.
7. Ultimate peduncles and young involucres glabrous or glutinous; florets 25-35 per head; branchlets usually reddish; Jalisco & Durango, (intergrades with the below)-——-—--------——----—------- —--------------- ——-var elucens
7. Ultimate peduncles and young involucres thinly to densely
1987 Turner, The Ageratina mairetiana complex 419
tomentulose; florets 10-25 per head; branchlets whitened by the tomentum; widespread aaa -- —-———--var mairetiana
AGERATINA CERIFERA (McVaugh), King & H. Rob., Phytologia 24:86. 1972.
Eupatorium ceriferum McVaugh, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 9:390. 1972. TYPE: MEXICO. JALISCO: Sierra de Cuale, SW of Talpa, 19-21 Nov 1952, McVaugh 14392 (holotype MICH; isotype US!)
McVaugh (1984) has rendered a detailed description based upon 3 collections, including the type, all from Jalisco. I have examined an additional collection from Guerrero (Dist. Mina, Laguna, 1900 m, 29 Nov 1936, Hinton 9919, GH, US).
The species is readily recognized by its small involucre (mostly 5-6 mm long), heads in terminal congested corymbs and achenes copiously covered with white waxy globules.
AGERATINA CHIAPENSIS (B. L. Rob.) King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19: 213.1970.
Eupatorium chiapensis B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad, Arts 25:332. 1900. TYPE: MEXICO. CHIAPAS: ca Pinabete, 8 Feb 1896, E. W. Nelson 3786 (lectotype US!, as selected by McVaugh).
Fig.1. Distribution of A. cerifera (O) and A. lasioneura (@).
420 P HY 1.0 L.O),C EA Vol. 63, No. 6
McVaugh (1984) has rendered an excellent description of the taxon. As indicated in Fig. 4, the species is uncommon but widespread in southern Mexico, extending into adjacent Guatemala.
AGERATINA CYLINDRICA (McVaugh) King & H. Rob., Phytologia 24:89. 1972.
torium cylindricum McVaugh, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 9: 393. 1972. (holotype MICH; isotype LL!, US!).
McVaugh (1984) has rendered a detailed description based upon collections from Jalisco and a single sheet from Mexico State. In addition, I have examined collections as shown in Fig 2, including material from the following, previously unreported states: MICHOACAN: 10 km NW Quiroga, 20 May 1978, Nunez & Ramos 698 (WISC);
Fig. 2. Distribution of Ageratina cylindrica (@), A. pringlei
(*), A.yecorana (0).
1987 Turner, The Ageratina mairetiana complex 421
ca Morelia, Mar 1909, Arsene 2449 (GN, NY, UC, US). MORELOS: 19.2 mi NW of Cuautla, 3 Mar 1985, Luckow 2508 (TEX). GUERRERO: Taxco, 15 Feb 1936, Abbott 91, 93, 94 (GH).
As noted by McVaugh in his original description of the species, A. cylindrica is readily recognized by its very large capitulescence and relatively small heads (5-6 mm high) which superficially resemble those of A. cerifera,
AGERATINA LASIONEURA (Hook. & Arn.). King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19:224. 1970.
Eupatorium lasioneuron Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 297. 1840. TYPE: MEXICO. JALISCO: w/o date, w/o locality, Beechey s.n. (holotype K; holotype tracing, GH!).
Eupatorium chapalense S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 138. 1891. TYPE: MEXICO. JALISCO: mountains near Lake Chapala, 17 Dec 1889, Pringle 2974 (holotype GH!).
Eupatorium chapalense S. Wats. var. salicifolium B. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35: 332. 1900. TYPE: MEXICO. JALISCO: mountains near Lake Chapala, 18 Oct 1895, Pringle 7071 (holotype GH!).
Ageratina chapalensis (S. Wats.) King & H. Rob. 19:220. 1970.
McVaugh (1984) has described this species in some detail and my understanding of the taxon is essentially the same as his, except that I sink A. chapalensis into synonymy without hesitation. Ageratina lasioneura can be distinguished from A. mairetiana by its achenes which are variously pubescent with hispid hairs or stalked glands; those of A, mairetiana are invariably glabrous or beset with sessile atomiferous viscid globules.
The single collection from Chihuahua as shown in Fig l (“Lagotera", 21 Jul 1965, Pennington 89, TEX), definitly belongs to the A. mairetiana complex, possessing the distinctive double pappus and associated features. It differs from A. lasioneura in having the achenes hispid only, but the specimen is well-past maturity and the glands may have shed.
AGERATINA MAIRETIANA (DC.) King & H. Rob., Phytologia 19:224. 1970.
Eupatorium mairetianum DC., Prod. 5: 167. 1836. TYPE: MEXICO. MEXICO STATE: w/o locality, 1833, Mairet s.n. (holotype G-DC; microfiche G-DC!)
Eupatorium cognatum Kunth & Bouche, Ind. Sem. Hort, Berol. 1847: 13. 1847. (according to B. Robinson, 1961).
Eupatorium rafaelense Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 97. 1891. TYPE:
422 PoOHeyY eT.07L10) Grice Vol. 63, No. 6
GUATEMALA. ZACATEPEQUEZ: San Rafael, 6500 ft, Apr 1890, J.D. Smith 2368 (lectotype F; isolectotype GH,US!).
Ageratina rafaelensis (Coulter) King & H. Rob., Phytologia 192225. 1970.
McVaugh (1984) has given an accurate and thorough description of this species. In addition he (1972) rendered a workable key to related taxa, pointing out most of the salient features which mark them. He acknowledges difficulty in separating A, lasioneura from A. mairetiana, but I find these two species to be readily distinguishable, largely by their achenes, as noted in my key to species (above). As indicated by McVaugh (1972), A lasioneura occasionally has a few very short glandular-trichomes on its peduncles, these intermixed with an arachnoid-tomentose pubescense. Such glands are rarely, if at all, found in A. mairetiana. However, B. Robinson described a var. adenopodium of Eupatorium mairetianum from Guatemala, which was accepted as a synonym of the latter by Williams (1976). Examination of the type of var. adenopodium has convinced me that it is a synonym of A. pringlei.
As shown in Fig. 3, Ageratina mairetiana is a widespread variable species comprising two varieties which intergrade in southern Jalisco, Michoacan and adjacent Mexico State. Thus the var. elucens (below) is quite variable in the latter region; but the populations in Durango and adjacent Sinaloa are quite uniform. Similarly, the var. mairetiana is fairly uniform throughout most of
o var elucens e vor. mairetiana
(intermediates not mapped)
Fig. 3. Distribution of Ageratina mairetiana.
1987 Turner, The Ageratina mairetiana complex 423
its range except in Michoacan and adjacent areas where intergrades occur.
As noted below, occasional putative hybrids between A. mairetiana and A. pringlei occur in the Cerro de San Felipe of Oaxaca where the two taxa are in close proximity. Occasional hybrids between these two taxa presumably also occur in Guatemala and these are discussed under A. pringlei.
In Oaxaca, A. mairetiana is more commonly encountered than is A. pringlei, at least 10 different collections having been made of the former by a number of workers (NY, TEX, US), mostly about the city of Oaxaca and along highway 175 toward Ixtlan de Juarez between 2400 and 2700 m. Ageratina pringlei, as noted under the discussion of this species, is known only by a few collections from Cerro San Felipe at about the same elevations. Regardless, A. pringlei is readily recognized by its smaller, more deltoid leaves and glandular-pubescent capitulescence (including involucral bracts).
AGERATINA MAIRETIANA var. ELUCENS (McVaugh) B. Turner, comb. nov.
Eupatorium mairetianum f. elucens McVaugh, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 9:400. 1972. (holotype MICH; isotype LL!) Eupatorium multiserratum Sch.-Bip. in Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 301, 1856. TYPE: MEXICO. SINALOA, DURANGO or NAYARIT: w/o locality, 1850, Seaman 1987 (P). Ageratina multiserrata (Sch-Bip.) King & H. Rob., Phytologia 24:94. 1972.
McVaugh (1984) has rendered a detailed description of this taxon, which he designated a "forma". In my opinion the variation concerned more rightly applies to what most present-day systematist would call a variety : i.e., the characters which mark the taxon are relatively consistent over a broad region but appear to intergrade
Fig. 4. Distribution of A. chiapensis (¢)
424 Poniyel (Obi Gries Vol. 63, No. 6
peripherally with its adjacent regionally marked sister-taxon, var. Mairetiana. So far as known, the variety in its "typical form" is confined to the states of Sinaloa, Durango and Jalisco (Fig. 3). The variety is readily distinguished by its elongate, narrow, glabrous or viscid involucral bracts, the outer members of which form a partial calyculum. The typical var mairetiana is more widespread and, as noted by McVaugh, is distinguished by its usually tomentulose head with fewer florets.
I place Eupatorium multiserratum in synonymy here, instead of with Ageratina lasioneura since its original describer, as well as McVaugh (1984), who examined the type, notes the achenes (albeit immature) to be glabrous. This character, along with the glabrescent involucral bracts, suggest that the plant belongs to A. mairetiana var elucens; certainly Seemann collected in the same region where the latter is known to occur (the Sinaloa-Durango border region WSW of Durango City.).
AGERATINA PRINGLEI (B. L. Rob. & Greenm.) King & H. Rob, Phytologia 1922258970;
Eupatorium pringlei B. L. Rob. & Greenm., Amer. J. Sci. 50:152. 1895. TYPE: MEXICO. OAXACA: Sierra de San Felipe, 9500 ft, 24 Dec 1894, C. G. Pringle 6118 (holotype GH!; isotype A!).
torium mairetianum var. adenopodium B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 51:534. 1916. TYPE: GUATEMALA. QUEZALIENEE Se Cerro Quemado, 21 Jan 1915, Holway 98 (holotype GH!).
This species was not included with the Ageratina mairetiana complex by McVaugh (1972). It clearly belongs to this group, however, possessing a dimorphic pappus, the outer series a group of short slender bristles. In addition, the foliage and achenes are like that species. Indeed Robinson, as noted above, described plants of this species from Guatemala as a variety of A. mairetiana.
Williams (1976) did not account for this species in his treatment of Eupatorium for the Flora of Guatemala. Apparently he included within his concept of E. mairetianum material which I would treat as E, pringlei. He takes the var. adenopodium to be a form of E. maretianum in which the peduncles are densely glandular- puberulent (as opposed to tomentulose), and further alludes to the considerable "variation and integradation" in such characters. Actually, I find the glandular trichomes to be a valid marker of E. pringlei. It is probable that occasional hybridization produces the occasional intermediate (e.g., Dept. of Totonicapan, near Polagua, Williams et al. 22651, NY; etc). Future field workers should look into this problem, for as it now stands, the following treatments are possible: 1) acceptance of two species as treated here, 2) acceptance of a regional variety adenopodium with intergrades or 3) a Single, highly variable, species with both tomentulose and glandular-pubescent peduncles. I ciuink the first option to be the
1987 Turner, The Ageratina mairetiana complex 425
best treatment based on present knowledge.
The type collection of A. pringlei is well endowed with glandular trichomes in the capitulescence, but the only two other collections known to me from Oaxaca are rather sparsely glandular. One of these (5 km N of hwy 175 at km post 20, E of Oaxaca, on logging road, Cerro San Felipe, 8600 ft, 14 Jan 1972, Spellenberg 2788, NY) is fairly typical A. pringlei but tends toward A. Mairetiana, while the other (Mcpio. Ixtepeji, ca 30 km S of the turn off to Ixtlan de Juarez on hwy 175, 2500 m, 2 Feb 1981, Martin 295, NY) is more or less intermediate between these taxa. It is possible that the two taxa hybridize in this area.
AGERATINA YECORANA B. Turner, sp. nov., Fig. 5.
A. lasioneurae simile sed foliis 3(5)-nervibus ad basim et bracteis involucri valde imbricatis ellipticis vel oblongis flosculis enclusis multo brevioribus differt.
Erect shrub 1-2 m high. Stems at first white-tomentulose but with age glabrate and tan. Leaves opposite, 4-15 cm long, 3-9 cm wide; petioles 2-4 cm long; blades ovate to deltoid or rarely subcordate, 3(5)-nervate from the base, at first white-tomentulose above and below, with age puberulent or glabrate, the margins crenulate. Heads white, 10-25 in a terminal rounded corymb, 2-3 times as wide as high, similar but smaller corymbs also developing in the lower leaf axils immediately below. Involucres campanulate (8)10-12 mm high, 10-14 mm wide, 3-4 seriate, graduate; middle bracts decidedly elliptical or oblong 4.5-8.5 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, tomentulose. Receptacle convex, ca 3 mm across. Florets 45-55; corollas 7-9 mm long, tubular, glabrous except for a few hairs on the lobes. Achene both hispid and glandular-pubescent, ca 3 mm long; pappus double, an outer series of narrow ciliate scales ca l mm long and an inner series of 20-25 fragile ciliate bristles 6-8 mm long.
TYPE: MEXICO. SONORA: "Along the dirt road from Santa Rosa to Yecora, 8 mi E of Santa Rosa, about 10 mi W of Yecora" (ca 109° 02! W X 28° 28'N), along a small stream, bordering dry rocky vocanic slopes with Quercus, Pinus and Lysiloma; ca 5000 ft, 8 Apr 1982, A.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. CHIHUAHUA: Arroyo Hondo, Sierra Charuco, 4500-5500 ft, 16-30 Apr 1948, Gentry 8062 (UC, US). SONORA: 11.1 mi (by road) W of Yecora (28° 03'N x 109% 01' W), 1575 m, moist seep along side of road, 2 May 1975, Carter et al. 75-55 (UC,US); Canyon de Tejas, Sierra Charuco, 4000-5000, 24 Apr 1948, Gentry 8124 (UC,US).
Strother (by annotation) identified type material of this
species as Eupatorium chapalense, which is a synonym of E, lasioneuron, Ageratina yecorana differs markedly from the latter in
426 PoHisYear.O Ly0) GervA Vol. 63, No. 6
its large heads with elliptical or oblong-elliptical, markedly graduate, involucral bracts. The species is apparently a local endemic in the region about Yecora, Sonora (Fig. 2).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study is based upon about 400 collections from the following herbaria: GH(110), LL(50), NY(75), TEX(125), UC(40). I am grateful to the institutions concerned for the loan of materials. Guy Nesom provided the Latin diagnosis and Linda Vorobik illustrated
A. yecorana. LITERATURE CITED
Gage, D. 1896. Chemosystematic study of Piptothrix (Asteraceae- Eupatorieae). Doctoral Dissertation, The Univ. of Texas.
King, R. and H. Robinson. 1970. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae). XIX. New combinations in Ageratina. Phytologia 19:208-229.
McVaugh, R. 1972. [Key to Eupatorium mairetianum complex]. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 9:393.
- 1984, Eupatorium, in Flora Novo-Galiciana 12:240- 424.
Robinson, B. L. 1961. Eupatorium, in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23:1461.
Williams, L. 1976. Eupatorium, in Flora of Guatemala, Fieldiana: Botany 24: 46-103.
1987 Turner, The Ageratina mairetiana complex 427
Fig. 5. Ageratina yecorana, from holotype.
REDUCTION OF THE GENERA PIQUERIOPSIS AND ILTISIA TO MICROSPERUM (ASTERACEAE-EUPATORIEAE
B. iy. Turner Dept. of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713
Preparation of a treatment of the Asteraceae of Mexico (Turner and Nesom, in prep.) has occasioned an evaluation of the monotypic genera Piqueriopsis R. M. King and Iltisia S. F. Blake, especially as these relate
to Microspermum Lag.
Microspermum, as previously treated, is a genus of eight species, all of these confined to montane habitats of tropical and subtropical Mexico. Rzedowski (1970, 1972) has rendered an excellent account of the genus but would exclude the closely related Iltisia of Costa Rica and Panama. However, he clearly perceived the two taxa to be sister-groups, stating
Al comparar material de Iltisia repens con el de Microspermum se pudieron confirmar notables Similitudes entre ambos generos, particularmente en cuanto a habito, indumento, morfologia de las hojas, de la corola, del androceo y del aquenio se refiere. Sin embargo, se detectaron los siguientes caracteres diferenciales:
Nevertheless, as he notes, there seem to be séveral characters which appear to distinguish them. He lists these as follows:
Microspermum Iltisia
1. Peripheral florets bilabiate 1. not so (regular)
2. Submarginal florets zygomorphic 2. not so (regular)
3. Stylar appendages linear or 3. Stylar appendages subulate triangular
4. Ectexine of pollen ca as thick 4. Ectexine twice as as the endexine thick as the endexine
5. Corolla lobes (4)5(6) 5. Corolla Wobes
(3)4(5)
Pertinent to the above listing is the recent description of Iltisia echnadiensis King & H. Rob. of Costa Rica and adjacent Panama which is said to be a generally larger plant than the closely related IL. repens but "differs markedly in the asymmetry of the peripheral flowers which have expanded outer lobes similar to those of the related genus Microspermum of Mexico". They note, however, that the characteristic 4-lobed condition is but a pair divided to the base, rather than a group of three
428
1987 Turner, Reduction of Piqueriopsis & Iltisia 429 fused for half their length as in Microspermum.
Indeed, if one looks at the range of variation found in the eight species of Microspermum. There is not a single character, or significant group of characters, that might serve to distinguish between Microspermum and Iltisia. Thus I agree with Williams (1961) who views Iltisia as but a reduced Microspermum. I would also include in the latter the minute, monotypic, Piqueriopsis. While King (1965) compared the latter taxon with Piqueria, it would appear on all accounts to be a much-reduced member of Microspermum. He noted that the 8-10 ribbed achenes and 4-lobed corollas would distinguish it from other genera of the subtribe Piguerinae (cf. also King, 1967), but 8-ribbed achenes and 4-lobed corollas also occur in Microspermum (McVaugh, 1984; per. obs.), with which Piqueriopsis is certainly most closely allied.
In short, inclusion of Iltisia and the much-reduced Piqueriopsis in an "expanded" Microspermum makes sense on morphological, ecological and biogeographical grounds, for all share the same general characters, occupy similar ecological niches and occur in cool montane regions mostly along the Pacific slopes.
My nomenclature and generally accont of the genera Iltisia and Piqueriopsis follows:
MICROSPERMUM REPENS (Blake) L. Wms., Fieldiana, Bot. Fe 7 1S el96L:
Iltisia repens Blake, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 47:409. 1959. TYPE: COSTA RICA. CARTAGO: Cerro de la Muerte, 3400-3500 m, 25 Jul 1949, Holm & Iltis (holotype MO!). ;
Iltisia echandiensis King & H. Rob., Phytologia 56:251. 1984. TYPE: COSTA RICA/PANAMA. PUNTA ARENAS/ BOCAS DEL TORO: Cordillera de Talamanca, Cerro Echandi, on the international border, 3050-3160m, 22 Aug 1983, Davidse et al. 23854 (holotype US; isotype MO!)
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: COSTA RICA. CARTAGO/SAN JOSE: NW of La Asuncion, 3000-3200m, 27 Oct 1975, Burger & Baker 9507 (F); Cerro Enchandi, 3700m, Aug 1983, Gomez et al. 21866 (MO); Cerro de la Muerte, 26 Aug 1967, Raven 22054 (F,GH,MSC,TEX). PANAMA: "1-2 km SWW of Itamut
mp", she del Toro, 3175m, 6-7 Mar 1984, Gomez et al. 594 (F).
I consider Iltisia echandiensis to be but a form of
430 POH a7) 0,20, Gail vA Vol. 63, No. 6
Microspermum repens with zygomorphic peripheral florets. In fact most of the peripheral florets of the above cited “specimens have, more or less, zygomorphic corollas, the difference being one of degree and not quality.
MICROSPERMUM MICHOACANUM (R. King) B. Turner, comb. nov.
Based upon Piqueriopsis michoacana R. King, Brittonia 17:352.1965.
Known only from the TYPE: MEXICO. MICHOACAN: vicinity of Uruapan, ca 6100 ft, 11-15 Oct 1961, King & Soderstrom 4700 (holotype US; isotypes TEX!, etc).
A remarkably delicate, much-reduced species, originally placed in the monotypic Piqueriopsis and said to have relationships with Pigueria but clearly much closer to Microspermum, having most of the features of M.
gracillimum Rzed. LITERATURE CITED
King, R.M. 1965. Piqueriopsis, a new genus of Compositae from southwestern Mexico. Brittonia 17:352- 353.
oe eee - 1967. Key to genera of subtribe Piquierinae (sic). Sida 3:163-164.
McVaugh, R. 1984. Microspermum, in Flora Novo- galiciana 12:606-610.
Rzedowski, J. 1970. Estudio sistematico del genero Microspermum (Compositae). Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 31:49- Os
_.- 1972. Dos especies nuevas del genero Microspermum (Compositae) del estato Jalisco (Mexico). Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 32:77-86. 1972.
Williams, L.O. 196l. Microspermum repens, in Fieldiana: Bot. 29:371-372.
A NEW SPECIES OF AGERATINA (ASTERACEAE-EUPATORIEAE ) FROM COAHUILA, MEXICO ip My Wb Gein(ahe Depart. of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713
Study of the large genus Ageratina for a treatment of the Asteraceae of Mexico, (Turner & Nesom, in prep.) has revealed the following novelty:
AGERATINA RISKINDII B. TURNER, sp. nov., Fig. l.
Acignashotriir Bs Turner simile "sed foliis numerosioribus laminis late cordatis et lobis corollae pubescentibus differt.
Perennial suffruticose herbs to 70 cm high. Stems stiffly erect, puberulent, several arising from a woody rootstock, simple (i.e., mostly unbranched below). Leaves opposite, 7-1ll cm long, 6-8 cm wide; petioles 2-3 cm long; blades firm, broadly cordate, about as wide as long, or wider, (3)5-nervate from the base, puberulent and epunctate beneath, the margins broadly crenulate. Heads white, 5-8 in terminal or axillary subfasciculate corymbs, the ultimate peduncles (immature) 5-15 m long, puberulent; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2-costate, the apices acute. Florets ca 40 per head; corollas (immature) tubular, the lobes markedly short-pubescent and atomiferous-glandular. Achenes (immature) hispidulous, the pappus of ca 40 bristles, 4-5 mm long.
TYPE: MEXICO.COAHUILA. Mcpio. de Musquiz, Rincon de Maria (28° 27' 30" N x 102° 04' W), open deciduous woodland above road, with Quercus glaucoides, Q. gravesii, Prunus, ete., Ca 1750 om, )23 Aug 9757) TeeWendt, ee Lote Ss ID .H. Riskind 1972 (holotype TEX).
The species superficially resembles Ageratina cardiophylla (B.L. Rob.) King & H. Rob. and A. grashoffii B. Turner, of the subgenus Neogreenella (sensu King & Robinson, 1970) both from the Sierra Madre Occidental. From thie former it ditters Gn itis eglandular vestiture and from the latter by its broadly cordate leaves. But from both it differs markedly in having pubescent corolla lobes, a diagnostic character of the subgenus Ageratina. In other characters, however, it appears to relate to the above mentioned species, and presumably can be positioned near them in the
-Neogreenella group. 431
432 Pin Yer On Or Gains Vol. 63, No. 6
It is a pleasure to name this species for David Riskind, noted travel-author and botanist working with ‘the Texas Parks and Wildlife Division and who participated in its discovery.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am grateful to Dr. J. Henrickson who called the collection to my attention and to Dr. Guy Nesom who provided the Latin diagnosis. The illustration was by Frances Runyon.
LITERATURE CITED
King, R.M. and H. Robinson 1970... New Combinations in Ageratina. Phytologia 19:208-229.
1987 Turner, A new species of Ageratina 433
corolla lebe
Fig.!. Ageratina Riskindii, from holotype.
NEW TAXA AND COMBINATIONS IN VIGUTERA (ASTERACEAE, HELIANTHEAE) B. L. Turner
Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin TX 78713
A forthcoming taxonomic treatment of the Asteraceae of Mexico (Turner and Nesom, in prep.) necessitates the following nomenclatural production:
MIGUIERA VOROBIKAE B. Turner, sp. nov., Fig. l.
Vv. kipgii McVaugh affinis sed capitulis latioribus quam altioribus, flosculis disci et radii numerosioribus, et acheniis glabris sine pappo differt.
Shrub to 2.5 m high. Stems brittle, reddish, sparsely pubescent, the internodes up to 12 cm long. Leaves opposite or sometimes ternate, 8-12 cm long, 3-5 cm wide; petioles 1-2 cm long, scabrous; blades ovate, 3-nerved from at or near the base, scabrous- pubescent above and below, the margins crenulo-dentate. Heads 2-3, subumbellate at the termination of stems, the ultimate peduncles scabrous-pubescent, 3-7 cm long. Involucre hemispheric, 3-4 seriate, ca 5 mm high, 8-10 mm across; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, subequal, the outer series somewhat foliaceous and reflexed. Ray florets ca 11, neuter; corollas yellow, the ligules 8-10 mm long, 3-4 mm wide. Disk corollas yellow, ‘sparsely hispidulous, ca 4 mm long, the tube ca 0.8 mm long, the limb tubular 3.0-3.3 mm long. Anthers brown, ca 2 mm long, the filaments glabrous. Achenes black, somewhat striate, 2.5-2.8 mm long, ca 1 mm wide; epappose.
TYPE: MEXICO. CHIHUAHUA: Mcpio. Ocampo, confluence of Rio Basaseachic and Rio Durazno, ca 2 mi S of village of Basaseachic, in grassy clearing below steep part of ravine, above woods at bottom of Canyon Durazno, "abundant shrubs ca 8 ft tall", ca 1900 m, 18 Oct
1986, Guy Nesom & Linda Vorobik 5560 (holotype TEX; isotypes MEXU, TENN).
Additional specimen examined: MEXICO, CHIHUAHUA: Mcpio. Ocampo, in canyon to S of Basaseachic falls where trail leads down,
ca 188 m, 4 oct 1986, Spellenberg et al. 8758 (LL).
The present species belongs to the subgenus Viguiera (=Subg. Calanticaria) Section Viguiera (=Sect. Shionaca) but it 2s mst easily placed in the five series recognized by Blake (1918) under that section. In Blake's key it will begrudgingly nestle near v.
of the ser. Dentatae but it does not have the pubescent
stamens of that species nor its corolla characters. In McVaugh's (1984) Flora Novo-galiciana it will key to, or near, NY palmeri
434
1987 Turner, New taxa of Viguiera 435
(which was positioned in the genus Rhysolopis by Blake, discussed below). It does have the peculiar capitulescence and branching habit of the latter and might be looked upon as a "linking” species which brings Rhysolepis properly into Viguiera, as the group was so treated by McVaugh (1984).
In our forthcoming treatment of Viguiera for the Asteraceae of Mexico (Turner and Nesom, in prep.) we also intend to treat Rhysolepis within Viguiera and thus propose the following new taxon and combinations:
VIGUIERA BALMERI var. COALCOMANA B. Turner, var. nov.
Frutex subdecumbens 2-4 m altus; bracteae involucri glabrae, abrupte acutatae, seriei externae acute reflexae; flosculi discii antheris fuscis.
Weak or sprawling shrub 2-4 m high. Involucral bracts abruptly acute, the margins ciliate, otherwise glabrous or nearly so, the outer bracts sharply reflexed. Ray florets 13, up to 2 cm long. Disk florets with brown anthers.
TYPE: MEXICO. MICHOACAN: Mcpio. Coalcoman, Coalcoman, 1000
m, 23 Oct 1938, G Be Hinton et al. 12441 (holotype LL; isotype MICH).
Additional Specimens Examined: MICHOACAN. El Manquito de la Sierra, 22.5 km W Aguililla on road to dos Aguas, 1560 m, 18 Nov 1983, Barrie et al. 576 (MEXU, TEX); 15-16 km SE Aserradero Dos Aguas and nearly west of Aguililla, 1400-1400 m, 25-26 Nov 1970,
MeVaugh 242)2 (LL).
McVaugh (1984), under his discussion of Ve. Palmeri var.
Li, singled out the holotype of var. coalcomana as being
"perhaps another [undescribed] species". Nevertheless he cites,
under his var. BaANeLA, the collection M¢Vaugh 24712 (which I
include under var. coalcomana, and so cite this here). The latter
specimen is very much unlike McVaugh's var. palmeri but, except for
the much shortened outer involucral bracts, closely matches what I
call var. coalcomana. And, of course, it also.occurs in the Coalcoman area of western Michoacan.
VIGUIERA REYROBINSONIL B. Turner, nom. nov.
Based upon V, kingii H. Rob., Phytologia 24: 210. [Oct.] 1972. Not Viguiera kingii McVaugh (30 Mar 1972).
Robinson (1972) recognized three species in the genus, two of which (VY. mozlensis and VY, palmeri) were placed in Viguiera by McVaugh “(1984). Viguiera kingii is seemingly a well-marked taxon, what with its distinctive involucre and soft pubescence on the under surface of its leaves.
436 PURE Y? Ts 0: LOren yA Vol. 63, No. 6
Viguiera benziong B. Turner, sp. nov.
‘Ma sesmapnii Sch.-Bip. simile sed follis angustis petiolis longioribus, involucellis angustioribus minus imbricatis bracteis paucioribus, et flosculis paucioribus.
Shrub, perhaps 1-2 m high. Stems terete, reddish, coarsely hispid. Leaves opposite, 8-12 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide; petioles 0.6-1.3 mm long; blades lanceolate, 3-nervate from near the base, coarsely strigose-hispid on both surfaces, very rough to the touch, the margins remotely serrulate to nearly entire. Heads 2-15 in stout terminal clusters, the ultimate peduncles hirsute-hispid, 3-10 mm long. Involucres ca 4-seriate, imbricate, narrowly campanulate, 10-12 mm high, 7-9 mm across; bracts linear-lanceolate, stiffly erect, appressed-hispid, 4-12 mm long, the apices acute. Pales with scarious margins and stiffly apiculate. Ray florets 3-5, sterile; corollas yellow, the ligules 5-6 mm long. Disk florets 15-20; corollas ca 7 mm long, yellow below, the lobes reddish; tube ca 1 mm long, the limb tubular, ca 6 mm long, the lobes decidely pubescent. Body of the achenes ca 4 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, maculate, appressed pubescent throughout; pappus of two elongate, lanceolate, scales, 3- 4 mm long, between these a few deciduous scales 0.5 mm long, or less.
TYPE: MEXICO. OAXACA: Mcpio. Yosondua, .Rancheria Yerbasanta, Paraje Quavendigui. "At the overlook at the cross at the water falls." (16°953'N x 97934'W), 1930 m, 26 Nov 1982, B & K. Benz, Be
Hallberg & M. Burd 677 (holotype WIS).
A striking species, much resembling V, seemannii Sch.-Bip. of northwestern Mexico but readily distinguished by its narrower involucre with fewer, less imbricate, bracts, silky pubescent achenes, narrower leaves with longer petioles, and corolla lobes densely pubescent.
The species is names for the Benz family, who participated in its collection.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am grateful to Dr. Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnoses and to Dr. Linda Vorobik for the illustration.
LITERATURE CITED
Blake, S. F. 1918. A revision of the genus Viguiera. Contr. Gray Herb. 54: 1-199.
McVaugh, R. 1984. WViguiera, in Flora Novo-galiciana 12: 1039- 1080.
Robinson, H. 1972. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). I. Phytologia 24: 209-210.
1987 Turner, New taxa of Viguiera 437
Fig.!. Viguiera Vorobikae, from holotype.
A NEW SPECIES OF PIQUERIA (ASTERACEAE-EUPATORIEAE) FROM MICHOACAN, MEXICO B. L. Turner Dept. of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Tx 78713
Preparation of a treatment of Piqueria for the forthcoming Asteraceae of Mexico (Turner and Nesom, in prep.) has revealed the following novelty. It is related to the delicate annual, P. laxiflora B. L. Rob., and was first suggested as perhaps new to science by McVaugh (1984). I concur with his assessment and so describe it here.
PIQUERIA GLANDULOSA B. L. Turner, sp. nov.
P. laxiflora B. L. Rob. simile sed pedunculis ultimis longioribus trichomatibus glandulosis differt.
Delicate, erect, annual herbs 10-70 cm high. Stems striate or sulcate, glabrous below, arising from a small taproot. Leaves 1-7 cm long; petioles 3-15 mm long; blades thin, ovate to lanceolate, 3- nervate from the base, sparsely pubescent along the nerves, the margins dentate with 5-8 teeth along each side. Heads borne in diffuse, widely spreading, corymbose panicles, the ultimate peduncles slender, glandular-pubescent, mostly 7-20 mm lona. Involucre narrowly turbinate, eximbricate, 2.0-2.5 mm high, ca 1.5 min wide; bracts 4, glabrous or nearly so, except for the ciliate, erose, shortly cuspidate, apices. Florets 4 per head; corollas white, somewhat zygomorphic, ca 2 mm long; tube pubescent; lobes 5, 0.5-1.0 mm long. Anthers brown, ca 0.5m long. Achenes 1.5-1.7 mm long, glabrous, epappose.
TYPE: MEXICO. MICHOACAN: In open pine-oak woods in ravine 15 mi S of Ario de Rosales, ca 4200 ft, 22 Oct 1962, A. Cronquist 9735 (holotype TEX; isotypes MEXU, NY).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. MICHOACAN: Uruapan, Cascadas de Tzararacua, ca 1400 m, 16 Dec 1984, Cowan 4875 (MEXU, TEX); 22 kms S of Uruapan, 3300-3700 ft, 16-22 Oct 1961, King & Soderstrom 4799 (TEX); 5 km S of Uruapan, ca 1900 m, 15 Nov 1983, Martinez et al 5326 (MEXU, TEX); ledges near Coru Station, 6000 ft, 13 Oct 1904, Pringle 13074 (TEX); 6 km S of Ario de Rosales, 1750 m, 27 Dec 1966, Rzedowski 23 23729 (TEX); El Cerro Piedra Parada, Mcpio. Nuevo Urecho, 1100 m, 2 Oct 1970, Ventura 2502 (TEX).
The species is clearly related to P. laxiflora and several of the sheets cited above were singled out by McVaugh (1984; p.743), including the type itself, as perhaps representing a different species.
LITERATURE CITED
McVaugh, R. 1984. Piqueria, in Flora-Novo-galiciana 12:742-747.
438
SOME REMARKS ON TILLANDSIA CONFINIS (BROMELIACEAE) Lyman B. Smith and Walter Till
Tillandsia confinis L. B. Smith (1953) is an epiphytic species of the montane rainforest and is disjunctively distri- buted (so far as known) from northern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela to Ecuador and central Peri, and has its southernmost locality in northern Bolivia (as "T, subtropicalis L. B. Smith", (1963). Apart fromthis East Andean distribution it has been found several times in southwestern Guayana.
Two varieties have been distinguished, the typical and var. caudata L. B. Smith (1963) (Smith & Downs 1977). The main dif- ference, as indicated by the name, is the length of the lower primary bracts in relation to the spikes.
Most recently T. abysmophila L. B. Smith & Steyermark in L. B. Smith (1986) has been described as a new species from the Guayana Highland. Reéxamination and comparison with the herba- rium specimens deposited at the US have revealed the identity of T. abysmophila with T. confinis var. caudata, the former being consequently a synonym of the latter. Silva & Brazao 60942 (NY, S, US) collected in the Serra Pirapuci, Estado Amazonas, Brazil (southern Guayana Highland) and determined as T. confinis var. confinis (Smith & Downs 1977), obviously also is var. caudata which has been known from northern Colombia only and is new for both the floras of Venezuela and Brazil.
Finally it should be noted that in none of the protologs of the taxa mentioned above are the characters of the petals indi- cated, but in Flora Neotropica (Smith & Downs 1977) "white _ petals" are described. The herbarium label of Silva & Brazao 60942 bears "corolla purplish", and this in contrast to Smith & Downs (1977) information. At this moment it can not be decided if this is a further character to separate both varieties. A rather small postflowering specimen scarcely 30 cm high of T. confinis has been collected by the junior author in Pert (Dept. Huanuco, Cerros Sira, ca. 900 ms. m., August 1987)and is now cultivated at the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna. Detailed floral studies are intended as soon as it comes into bloom.
This study has been supported by the "Fonds zur Férderung wissenschaftlichen Forschung in Oesterreich, Project no. P6399B. Literature:
Smith, L. B. (1953): Notes on Bromeliaceae I.- Phytologia 4(4): 213-221.
- - - (1963): Notes on Bromeliaceae XIX.- Phytologia 8(9): 497 - 510.
- - - (1986): Revision of the Guayana Highland Bromeliaceae.- Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73(4): 689-721.
- - - Downs, R. J. (1977): Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae).- in: Flora Neotropica 14(2).- New York Botanical Garden.
439
440 PH Y T.0.L0°G EVA Vol. 63, No.
Addresses of the authors: Dr. Lyman B. Smith, United States National Museum of Natural —
History, Sal headin Institution, Washington, LT. C., ©
20650; U 3-808. Dr. Walter Till, Botanisches Institut der UniversitHt Wien,
Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria.
6
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF SAPIUM (EUPHORBIACEAE) FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA Michael J. Hutt?
Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis, Missouri
Sapium remains one of the least understood of the large genera of Euphorbiaceae in the neotropics. Vir- tually all of the approximately 100 species in that area are large forest trees and consequently are poorly collected. Furthermore, the genus is highly stenomor- phic, that is, the species are separated by relatively few characters. The primary taxonomic problem consists of determining the taxonomic value of those characters that do exist on the basis of an insufficient sample of collections.
Among the species of Sapium yet to be described, the following, which have been identified while working on floristic projects or while doing general determina- tions of neotropical Euphorbiaceae, are among the more distinctive.
SAPIUM ALLENII Huft, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Pun- tarenas: region between Rio Esquinas and Palmar Sur de Osa, climax forest, 30 m, 16 Jan. 1951, Paul H. Allen 5773 (holotype, F-1516348, F neg.
62129; isotype, GH).
Arbor ad 25 m alta; ramuli cicatricibus foliorum prominentibus et stipulis persistentibus. Folia ag- gregata versus apices ramorum; lamina oblonga-ovata, nervis utroque costae laterae 13-22 late arcuatis infra prominentibus; apice obtusa vel rotundata, plana, Margine integra. Spicae laterales, aggregatae, ut videtur bisexuales, partibus masculinis non visis, floribus femineis usque ad 16, non visis, aggregatis. Capsula ovata, stipitata; semina subglobosa, tuber- culata, carmina.
Tree to 25 m; monoecious; glabrous throughout; branchlets with prominent leaf scars 3-5 mm in diameter and persistent stipules. Leaves alternate, crowded toward apex of stem; petiole 3-5.5 cm long, the two apical glands opposite or subopposite, cylindrical, to
Mailing address: Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
441
442 PVH WoT 10/0 (GLA Vol. 63, No. 6
2 mm long, at right angles to petiole or somewhat reflexed; stipules deltate, 5-7 mm long, 2.5-3(-5) mm wide, acuminate, hyaline, appressed, persistent; blade membranous or chartaceous, oblong-ovate, 11.5-18 cm long, 4-7.5 cm wide, 2-3 times as long as wide, the midvein prominent below, the connecting reticulum obscure; apex obtuse or rounded, plane; base obtuse; margin entire. Spikes lateral, crowded, below current year's leaves, apparently bisexual, the staminate portions not seen; pistillate portion at maturity 2.5-6 cm long, widely divergent from stem. Pistillate flowers not seen, to 16 per spike, crowded, solitary at basal nodes. Capsule ovoid, smooth, 4-5 mm in diameter, Stipitate, the stipe 4-5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm in diameter; seeds subglobose, tuberculate, 3.5-4 mm in diameter, carmine.
This unusual Species differs from all Mexican and Central American species of Sapium, except S. lateriflorum Hemsley, by its lateral spikes. The latter species is known only from Mexico and northern Central America and differs from S. allenii in having slenderer twigs without persistent stipules, more widely spaced spikes that never appear crowded, secondary foliar veins that are more strongly ascending, and larger fruits (10-13 mm in diameter vs. 4-5 mm). Among the species of southern Central America, S. allenii most closely resembles S. pachystachys Schum. & Pittier in having thick branchlets with large persistent stipules, long-petiolate leaves with large oblong blades that have numerous secondary veins diverging from the midrib at nearly right angles, spikes with thick rachises, and conspicuously red-arillate seeds. Sapium pachystachys differs, however, in having terminal inflorescences, much larger (10-12 mm in diameter) sessile capsules (stipitate in S. allenii), and a large persistent calyx (vs. a small, membranous calyx at the base of the stipe in. S.0 allenia) winvaddmtaon, Sit pachystachys occurs largely in cloud forest habitats above 1500 m, whereas S. allenii has been collected only below 1000 m.
Additional Specimens examined. COSTA RICA. SAN JOSE: basin Of El General, 675-900 m, March 1940, SkutCheAaB 215) (At eEss as NY, US) te
SAPIUM DUCKEI Huber ex Huft, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Rond6nia: Rio Machado, curso inferior, Jan. 1981, Michael Goulding 1367 (holotype, MG-86867, F neg. 62128).
1987 Huft, Four new species of Sapium 443
Arbor ad 25 m alta; ramuli laeves, rubelli. Petioli 4-25 mm longi, canaliculati; glandulae apicales cupulatae, ascendentes, ad petiolum laterale affixi; lamina chartacea, anguste elliptica vel anguste oblonga, nervis utroque costae laterae (10-)14-18 arcuatis aliquantum apice acuta plana; margine integra vel serrulata. Spicae axillares bisexuales vel staminate, floribus masculinis 6-8-aggregatis, calyce bilabiato staminibus 2, floribus femineis 4 vel 5. Capsula obovoidea sessilis; semina globoso-obovoidea, plus minusve complanata.
Tree to 25 m; monoecious; glabrous throughout; branchlets terete, smooth, often reddish. Leaves alter- nate; petiole 4-25 mm long, deeply canaliculate, Slender, the 2 apical glands subopposite, cupular, ascending, 1.2-1.8 mm long, attached laterally to petiole; stipules deltate, ca. 2 mm long, 1.6-2 mm wide, appressed, tardily deciduous; blade chartaceous, narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 4- 10.5 cm long, 2-3.7 cm wide, 2-3.8 times as long as wide, olive-green above, lighter green or brown below; midvein conspicuous, prominent below, the secondary veins (10-)14-18 per side, arcuate, much thinner and less conspicuous than the midvein, connected by a prominulous reticulum; apex acute, plane; base rounded or obtuse; margin entire or serrulate. Spikes axillary, (4-)6-9 cm long, slender, bisexual or staminate. Staminate flowers in groups of 6-8, the subtending bracts broadly deltate, 0.8-1 mm long, obtuse, the Margin hyaline, minutely erose, bDiglandular, the glands oblong, 2.2-3 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide; calyx cupular, ca. 1 mm long, deeply 2-lipped; anthers 2. Pistillate flowers 4 or 5, solitary at basal nodes, bracts as in the staminate flowers, the glands reduced, 0.9-1.2 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; calyx 2-2.5 mm long, deeply 3- lobed, the lobes ca. 1/2 the length of the total; styles early dehiscing. Capsules obovoid, sessile, 7-8 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter; seeds white, globose- obovoid, pinched distally into a narrow horizontal ridge, slightly compresseed laterally.
Among a set of specimens of Euphorbiaceae recently collected by Dr. Michael Goulding of the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi in Belém, Brazil, in preparation for an atlas of Amazonian floodplain fruits, was an unusual Sapium that does not match any described species. I was able to match the specimens, however, with four sheets at the Field Museum from the state of Par4 that had been annotated Sapium duckei, an unpublished name ascribed to Huber. In addition, fragments and photos of
G44 PeRDY TO L016 vA Vol. 63, No. 6
putative type material at MG collected by Ducke are at F. As far as I can discover, this name has never been published. In order to make the name available for the atlas, I shall describe the species here and retain Huber's epithet, both to honor Adolfo Ducke, one of the premier botanists of the Amazonian region, and to assure the minimum possible nomenclatural upset should it later be found that Huber's name was in fact pub- lished.
This species is easily recognized by its rela- tively narrow bicolored leaves, axillary and terminal inflorescences, and long petioles with laterally at- tached apical petiolar glands. The habitats reported on the labels are "igap6" (both of the Archer and Goulding collections), "vdrzea" (Capucho 328) and "swampy land" (Capucho 531). However, until recently the terminology of inundated forest in Amazonia has not been standard- ized (Prance, 1979), and the actual habitat is probably more restricted than the labels would indicate. The Rio Tapaj6s is a clear water river, and the adjacent floodplain would therefore fall into "Seasonal igap6" in Prance's classification. Archer reports on the label of no. 8361 that the seeds are eaten by fish, a phenomenon that has recently been studied among Amazonian flood-plain species by Goulding (1980).
Common names reported for this species are "tar- taruguinha da praia" (Archer 8361, 8409) and "tar-
taruginha" (Capucho 328, 531).
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Itacoatiara, Beira de Amazonas, 1 July, 1913, Ducke s.n. (MG-12473, not seen, F neg. 45808; fragment, F). PARA: Fazenda Urucuritiba, opposite Fordlandia on Rio Tapaj6s, 13 April 1943, Archer 8361 (F); E of Fazenda Urucuritiba, on Rio Tapaj6s, Opposite Fordlandia, 17 April 1943, Archer 8409 (F); Tapaj6s, Itaituba, 27 July 1932, Capucho 328 (F); Tapaj5s, Boa Vista, 2 Jan. 1933, Capucho 531 (F); Gbidos, Beira de Amazonas, 9 March 1909, Ducke s.n. (MG-10223, not seen, F neg. 45809; fragment, F). RONDONIA: Rio Machado, curso inferior, Jan. 1981, Goulding 1239 (MG).
SAPIUM RIGIDIFOLIUM Huft, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Heredia: pastures above Rfo San Rafael, 3 km W of Vara Blanca, 1750 m, 8 Aug. 1971, R. W. Lent 2041 (holotype, F-1783961, F neg. 62130; isotypes, MO, NY, US), distributed as Sapium thelocarpum Schum. & Pittier.
1987 Huft, Four new species of Sapium 445
Arbor ad 20 m alta. Petioli 1-2.5(-5) cm longi, canaliculati; glandulae apicales ad partem decurrentum laminae affixi; lamina chartacea, rigida, elliptico- oblonga, nervis utroque costae laterae (20-)30-40, prominentibus, rectis, sub angulo paene 90° abeuntibus; apice obtusa vel rotundata, plana, margine modice crenata, basi cuspidata aliquantum decurrens. Spicae apicales solitariae bisexuales. Floribus masculinis 5-8 aggregatis, calyce bilabiato, staminibus 2. Floribus femineis 4-10. Capsula late ovoidea vel suborbiculata, stipitata, columna styli persistenti. Semina matura non visa, ut videtur ovoidea complanata verrucata.
Tree to 20 m; monoecious. Leaves chartaceous, rigid; petiole 1-2.5(-3) cm long, canaliculate, the 2 apical glands opposite or subopposite, attached to the decurrent laminar tissue, ca. 1 mm in diameter, Stipules deltate, 2-2.5(-3) mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the Margin hyaline; blade elliptic-oblong, 5-1l cm long, 2- 4.5 cm wide, 2.1-2.7 times as long as wide, glabrous; midvein prominent below, the secondary veins (20-) 30-40 per side, prominent, diverging from the midvein at nearly right angles, straight, connected by a prominent reticulum, breaking up before reaching the margin; base cuspidate, slightly decurrent; margin shallowly crenate; apex rounded or obtuse, plane. Spikes solitary at the apex of lateral shoots, to 9 cm long, bisexual. Staminate flowers in groups of 5-8, the subtending bracts short, broad, rounded, ca. 1 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, biglandular, the glands suborbicular, 1.5-2 mm in diameter, flattened; calyx cupular, 1.5-2 mm long, 2- lipped; stamens 2. Pistillate flowers 4-10, solitary at basal nodes, the bracts and calyces as in the staminate flowers; ovary and styles not seen; style-column per- sistent on mature fruits. Capsule broadly ovoid to suborbicular, 6-8 mm long, smooth, thin-shelled, stipitate, the stipe 2-4 mm long; mature seeds not seen, apparently ovoid, flattened laterally, the sur- face warty.
This species was recognized as new by Jablonski (1968) in a treatment of the Caribbean species of Sapium, where he refrained from naming it because of the lack of good material, but surmised that it was related to the Cuban endemics, S. daphnoides Griseb. and S. moasense Alain. Now that much new material, including fruiting collections, from both Panama and Costa Rica has become available, it is clear that S. rigidifolium is not at all closely related to the Cuban species, but belongs instead to section Emmenostylum Hemsley, characterized by persistent style bases on the
446 Pre Yel Oy ONG) eA Vol. 63, No. 6
mature fruits. Only four species have previously been described in this group, all from high elevations in the northern Andes. Two of these, S. stylare Muell. Arg. and S. putumayense Croizat, have auricular leaf bases, as does S. solisii Huft, described below. The others, S. verum Hemsley and S. tolimense Jumelle, are similar to S. rigidifolium in lacking auriculate leaf bases. There is some doubt as to the distinctiveness of the latter two species (see Croizat, 1943, for a dis- cussion of these species), but both are clearly dif- ferent from S. rigidifolium. The leaves of the South American species are longer (10-15 cm in S. verum, 15- 18 cm in S. tolimense, vs. 5-11 cm in S. rigidifolium), the fruits are larger (8-10 mm long vs. 6-8 mm), the transition between the capsule proper and the persist- ent style base is gradual rather than abrupt as in S. rigidifolium, and the style base is longer (3-4 mm vs. 1.2-1.5 mm) and thicker (2-2.5 mm vs. 0.7-0.8 mm). Furthermore, the leaves of S. rigidifolium are more conspicuously bicolored than are those of the South American species, shiny above, and of a thicker tex- ture.
Sapium rigidifolium is illustrated in Webster &
Huft (in press).
Additional specimens examined. COSTA RICA. ALAJUELA: Fila Volc&n Viejo, San Carlos, 1800-2000 m, 11-14 Feb. 1986, Gomez-Laurito 11109 (F); Viento Fresco, 1600-1900 m, 13 Feb. 1926, Standley & Torres 47896 (F, F fragment). CARTAGO: Guarco, El Empalme, 2222 m, 4 Jan. 1967, Gonzalez X-25-RMG-42 (CR, F, NY), X-25-RMG-43 (USJ-4822); near La Sierra, ca. 25 km S of Cartago, Cordillera de Talamanca, 2000 m, 23 Jan. 1965, Williams et al. 28121 (CR, F, MICH). Boundary between provinces ALAJUELA, PUNTARENAS, and GUANACASTE: Mon- teverde, Cordillera de Tilar&n, 1540-1600 m, 12 July 1976, Dryer 434 (CR), 15,Aug», 1976, 592. (FP) Mawes staag, N6OZ (CREE , MON.
PANAMA. CHIRJQUE: Guadalupe Arriba, above Cerro Punta; 8 52'N, 82°33'W, 2100 m, 23 July 2985, de Nevers & Charnley 6057 (F); Boquete, Cerro Horqueta, 5000-6000 ft, 8 Aug. 1967, Dwyer & Hayden 7685 (MO); Cerro Punta, 2000 m, 14 Sept. 1971, Lao 391 (MC); slopes of Volcdn BarG, near town of Cerro Punta, 6000 ft, 7 June, 1957, Stern & Chambers 85 (A, MO, US).
SAPIUM SOLISII Huft, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Pichincha: Quito,,.2850..m, 20, Aug. 1949, M. Acosta Solis ages
(holotype, F-1552477, F neg. 62132).
1987 Huft, Four new species of Sapium 447
Arbor; ramuli crassi nodosi approximati, surculi laeves ad apicem ramorum interdum aggregati. Petioli 6- 12 mm longi; glandulae apicales cylindricae, infra laminam 1-2 mm; lamina membranacea, oblonga vel oblongo-obovoidea, nervis utroque costae laterae 18-24, conspicuis, infra prominulis, quam costa_multo tenuioribus, rectis, sub angulo paene 90° abeuntibus, apice rotundata, plana, basi obtusa bilobata glan- dulosa, margine serrulata dentibus setiformibus. Spicae axillares solitariae bisexuales pedunculatae, floribus Masculinis 4 vel 5 aggregatis calyce bilabiato staminibus 2, floribus femineis 4-6. Capsula ovoideo- globosa, sessilis, columna styli persistenti; semina ovoidea, complanata, rugosa, nigra.
Tree; monoecious; branchlets thick, knobby from petiolar stumps and persistent stipules, closely spaced; smoother long shoots sometimes crowded near apex. Leaves alternate; petiole 6-12 mm long, the 2 apical glands opposite or subopposite, cylindrical, 0.8-1 mm long, at right angles to petiole or widely ascending, 1-2 mm below blade; stipules persistent, broadly deltate, ca. 4 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, the base auriculate; blade membranous, oblong to oblong-obovoid, 2.7-4.8 cm long, 1.4-3.2 cm wide, 1.8-2 times as long as wide; midvein conspicuous, prominulous below, the secondary veins 18-24 on a side, much thinner than the midvein, conspicuous, prominulous below, diverging from the midvein at nearly right angles, straight, connected by a fine reticulum; apex rounded, plane; base obtuse, glandular-auriculate; margin serrulate, the teeth setiform, ascending. Spikes axillary, solitary, bisexual, pedunculate, ca. 3 cm long at anthesis, the persistent fruiting portion to 5 cm long at maturity. Staminate flowers in groups of 4 or 5, the subtending bract flabellate, rounded, 1-1.2 mm long, entire or slightly erose, biglandular, the glands suborbicular to oblong, (1.5-)2-3 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm long; calyx cupular, ca. 1.5 mm long, 2-lipped; stamens 2. Pistil- late flowers 4-6, solitary at basal nodes, the bracts as in the staminate flowers; calyx deeply lobed, the lobes hardly exceeding the bracts; styles 3, 4-5 mm long, joined at base, only slightly divergent, the column persistent on mature fruit. Capsules ovoid- globose, ca. 1.5 cm in diameter, sessile, obtusely 3- angled, wrinkled, drying black, the persistent style- column 3.5-4 mm long; seeds ovoid, laterally com- pressed, 5-6 mm in diameter, rough, black.
As mentioned above in the discussion of Sapium rigidifolium, S. solisii belongs with the auriculate-
448 EPH Y 110 17 CGr iva Vol. 63, No. 6
leaves species of section Emmenostylum. Both of the other species, however, have much larger leaves (8-12
cm in S. stylare, 15-18 cm in S. putumayense, vs. 2.5-5
cm) with longer petioles. Sapium stylare has smaller capsules (to 5 mm diam. vs. ca. 15 mm diam.). Sapium putumayense, on the other hand, which is unknown to me, has fruits that are considerably larger (2.5-3 cm in diameter) than those of S. solisii.
Sapium solisii is known only from the type.
LITERATURE CITED
Croizat, L. 1943. Euphorbiaceae Cactaceaeque novae vel criticae Colombianae. - I. Caldasia 2: 123-139.
Goulding, M. 1980. The Fishes and the Forest: Explora- tions in Amazonian Natural History. xii + 280 pp. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.
Jablonski, E. 1968. Notes on neotropical Euphorbiaceae. 3. Synopsis of Caribbean Sapium. Phytologia 16: 393-434.
Prance, G. 1979. Notes on the vegetation of Amazonia III. The terminology of Amazonian forest types subject to inundation. Brittonia 31: 26-38.
Webster, G. L. and M. J. Huft. In press. Revised syn- opsis of Panamanian Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
STABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF BRYOPHYTES UNDER CULTIVATION: A COMPILATION FROM THE LITERATURE.
John A. Christy Botany Section, Milwaukee Public Museum 800 West Wells St., Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA
Because different taxa of bryophytes respond in different ways to similar environmental conditions, the literature is rife with conflicting reports of the relative stability of certain morphological characters. Are any of these characters universally stable under a variety of environmental conditions? Can any be used for reliable and repeatable diagnoses of differences between taxa?
Cultivation of bryophytes can identify which characters of particular species remain stable under different environmental conditions. The contributions and methods of numerous investigators using axenic and non-axenic "common garden" cultivation have been reviewed recently (Smith 1978; Longton 1982; Zander 1982; Wyatt and Stoneburner 1984; Frahm and Nordhorn-Richter 1984; Mishler 1985). Although the literature for axenic culture of bryophytes is large, not many investigators have experimented with common garden propagation (Shaw 1986).
Table 1 summarizes reports on the stability of characters of bryophytes under cultivation. It also shows the frequency with which particular characters have been used by investigators. It is clear that although some characters are stable for some taxa, they are unstable in the majority of cases. Only twelve characters (marked with asterisks) have been reported to be stable, and lack reports to the contrary. Ten of these characters are based on a single report involving only one genus or one species complex within one genus. There is no basis for comparison with results from other studies, because the taxa, characters and methods of cultivation are too diverse to form any general conclusions.
Some of the variability reported by Meyer (1940, 1942) was based upon mosses grown under conditions radically different from those usually encountered in nature by the subject taxa. Non-aquatic species of Atrichum, Barbula, Hypnum,
Phascum, Physcomitrium and Polytrichum were grown submerged in liquid culture media. These experiments, and observations from nature (e.g., Priddle 1979; Seppelt and Selkirk 1983) indicate that few characters of bryophytes are stable.
We must carefully compare cultivation methods and growth response in a wide array of bryophyte taxa before we can
449
450 PHY T2VLOGLA
Vol. 63, No.
formulate a list of universally stable characters, if any exist at all. Of the twelve characters herein reported to be stable, those that lack reports to the contrary are good candidates for
further study.
Table 1 - Relative stability of morphological characters in cultivated bryophytes, as reported in literature.
Character
* alar cells awn base awn color awn length awn serration * branching pattern bulbil morphology costa anatomy costa color costa length * costa papillae * costa serration costa width gametophyte morphology guide cells leaf and bract apex * leaf auricles leaf cell length leaf cell shape leaf cell size leaf cell wall pitting leaf cell wall thickness leaf cell width leaf chloroplast number leaf chloroplast size leaf color leaf concavity leaf decurrency leaf dentition * leaf insertion angle leaf lamellae leaf length leaf margin rolling * leaf papilla number leaf papilla position * leaf papilla shape leaf papilla size
+
Stable
11,14
27 20 28
14,28 28 28 16
18525527 11
30
16,18
Sources in Literature
Unstable
28 28 28 28 20 18
28 2545859513327
1] 19 ig 8,9,18,23,28,29
11,15,18522,28 »8,
6,28
13
5'°,8,9 513,10
15, 18521 72e,e0
8,18
8,18
1, So liges
28
MW)
4,6,8,9,10, 13,26
13 11 ,13',21 ;22 J27G20 18,28
18
1987 Christy, Stability of Bryophyte characters 451
leaf plication - 18 leaf shape 18,19,28 18,9. 11513,, 14548 leaf and underleaf size - l 22657 28.9 08,04 15, 18322 leaf spacing - Sad sear stoaee leaf undulation ~ 13 leaf width - 8321,,22,28 oi] bodies 22,26 18 phyllotaxy - 18 plant size - 1 propagula production - 18,23,26 * protonemal morphology 27 - pseudostereids - 24 rhizoid abundance - 18 * seta papillae 19 - * sporophyte morphology 19 - stem anatomy 28 8 stem diameter - 8,9,22 stem length - 475,18 ;27 528
References: (1) Bastit 1891, (2) Servettaz 1913, (3) Gurlitt 1918, (4) Maheu 1922, (5) Douin 1925, (6) Davy de Virville 1927, (7) Leach 1930, (8) Meyer 1940, (9) Meyer 1942, (10) Agnew 1958, (11) Lodge 1960, (12) Forman 1964, (13) Briggs 1965, (14) Sonessen 1966, (15) Hatcher 1967, (16) Koponen 1967, (17) Wigh 1972, (18) Zales 1973, (19) Wigh 1975, (20) Lewis & Smith 1977, (21) Steel 1978, (22) Guerke 1978, (23) Zander & Hoe 1979, (24) Florschutz-de-Waard & Worrell-Schets 1980, (25) Zander & Eckel 1980, (26) Zehr 1980, (27) Longton 1981, (28) Mishler 1985 (29) Field 1987, (30) Christy 1987.
Many thanks to R.H. Zander for review of this manuscript.
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Agnew, S. 1958. A study in the experimental taxonomy of some British Sphagna (Section Cuspidata) with observations on their ecology. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Wales.
Bastit, E. 1891. Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la tige et la feuille des mousses. Rev. Gen. Bot. 3: 375-379.
Briggs, P. 1965. Experimental taxonomy of some British species of the genus Dicranum. New Phytol. 64: 366-386.
Christy, J.A. 1987. Limbella fryei (Williams) Ochyra distinct from L. tricostata (Sull.) C.M. (Musci: Amblystegiaceae).
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Davy de Virville, A. 1927. L'Action du milieu sur les Mousses. Rev. Gen. Bot. 40: 156-173.
Douin, R. 1925. Variete et formes nouvelles de Muscinees. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 455-458.
Field, J.H. 1987. Unreliability of the perigonial bracts of Philonotis fontana. Bull. Brit. Bryol. Soc. 49: 36.
Florschutz-de-Waard, J. & M. Worrell-Schets. 1980. Studies on Colombian cryptogams. VII. Culture studies on the taxonomic relevance of costal anatomy in the Campylopus leucognodes - subconcolor complex and in Campylopus pittieri. Proc. Nederlandse Akad. Wetenschappen, Ser. C., 83: 37-45.
Forman, R.T.T. 1964. Growth under controlled conditions to explain the hierarchichal distributions of a moss,
Tetraphis pellucida. Ecol. Monogr. 34: 1-25.
Frahm, J.-P. & G. Nordhorn-Richter. 1984. A standardized method for cultivating bryophytes. Bryol. Times. 28: 3.
Guerke, W.R. 1978. A monograph of the genus Jubula Dumortier. Bryophyt. Biblioth. 17: 1-118.
Gurlitt, L. 1918. Uber den Einfluss der Konzentration der Nahrlosung auf einige Pflanzen. Beih. Bot. Centralblatt. 35: 279-341.
Hatcher, R.E. 1967. Experimental studies of variation in hepaticae. I. Induced variation in Lophocolea heterophylla. Brittonia 19: 178-201.
Koponen, T. 1967. Biometrical analysis of a mixed stand of Mnium affine Funck and M. medium BSG. Ann. Bot. Fenn. a: 67-73.
Leach, W. 1930. Note on the effect of growing mosses ina moisture-saturated atmosphere, and under conditions of darkness. New Phytol. 29: 276-284.
Lewis, K. & A.J.E. Smith. 1977. Studies on some bulbiferous species of Pohlia section Pohliella, I. Experimental investigations. J. Bryol. 9: 539-556.
Lodge, E. 1960. Studies of variation in British material of
Drepanocladus fluitans and Drepanocladus exannulatus. IT. An analysis of the variation. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 54:
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Longton, R.E. 1981. Inter-population variation in morphology and physiology in the cosmopolitan moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. J. Bryol. 11: 501-520.
1982. The biosystematic approach to bryology. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 53: 1-19.
Maheu, J. 1922. Regeneration du Barbula muralis apres quatorze ans de secheresse par protonemas foliaires primaires propaguliferes et protonemas secondaires bulbigenes. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 69: 330-334.
Meyer, S.L. 1940. Physiological studies on mosses. I. The development of leafy gametophytes in liquid media. Amer. J. Bot. 27: 221-225.
1942. Physiological studies of mosses. III. The influence of the moisture factor on the formation of leafy moss plants. J. Tennessee Acad. Sci. 17: 290-295.
Mishler, B.D. 1985. Biosystematic studies of the Tortula ruralis complex. I. Variation of taxonomic characters in Culture. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 58: 225-253.
Priddie, J. 1979. Morphology and adaptation of aquatic mosses in an Antarctic lake. J. Bryol. 10: 517-529.
Seppelt, R.D. & P.M. Selkirk. 1983. Effects of submersion on morphology and the implications of induced environmental modification on the taxonomic interpretation of selected Antarctic moss species. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 55: 273-279.
Servettaz, C. 1913. Recherches experimetales sur le developpement et la nutrution des mousses en milieux sterilises. Ann. Sci. Nat.-Bot. 17: 111-223.
Shaw, J. 1986. A new approach to the experimental propagation of bryophytes. Taxon 35: 671-675.
Smith, A.J.E. 1978. Cytogenetics, biosystematics and evolution in the Bryophyta. Adv. Bot. Res. 6: 195-276.
Sonesson, M. 1966. On Drepanocladus trichophyllus in the Tornetrask area. Bot. Not. 119: 379-400.
Steel, D.T. 1978. The taxomony of Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dum. and L. cuspidata (Nees) Limpr. J. BryoT. 10: 49-59.
Wigh, K. 1972. Cytotaxonomical and modification studies in some
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. 1975. Scandinavian eeu of the genus Brachythecium (Bryophyta), I. Modification and biometric Studies in the B. rutabulum - B. rivulare complex. Bot. Not. 128: 463-475.
Wyatt, R. & A. Stoneburner. 1984. Biosystematics of bryophytes: an overview. Pp. 519-542 in W.F. Grant (ed.), Plant Biosystematics. Academic Press, Toronto. 674 pp. _
Zales, W.M. 1973. A taxonomic revision of the genus Philonotis for North America, north of Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver. 166 pp.
Zander, R.H. 1982. Herbarium and cultivation methods in mosses. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 71: 127-130.
& P.M. Eckel. 1980. Tortula cainii: additional Ontario records and behavior in a common garden. Bryologist 83: 209-211.
& W.J. Hoe. 1979. Geographic disjunction and heterophylly in Tortella fragilis var. tortelloides (= Sarconeurum tortelloides). Bryologist 82: 84-87. Zehr, D.R. 1980. An assessment of variation in Scapania
nemorosa and selected related species (Hepatophyta). Bryophyt. Biblioth. 15: 1-140.
SOLANUM TENELLUM (SECT. PETOTA), NOVA SPECIE PERUVIANA by C. Ochoa*
Herbaceum tuberiferum, planta parva, 20-30 cm alta, gracil, ramificada, pallide viridis, non pigmentata. Caulis basi, 3-4 mm diam., pilts sparsis, brevibus, albidis, vix perspiciendis ornatus. Stolones, 30-40 cm vel plus longi, 1-2 mm diam., tubercula parva, rotundata vel oblonga, 1-2 cm longa, alba. Folia delicatula, dilute viridia, 7.0-11.0 cm longa, 2.5-6.0 cm lata, 4-5-juga, foliolis interjectis, 6-12 ornata. Foliana ovalia, elliptica vel ellipticolanceolata, supra pilis brevibus obsita, subtus solum in venis venulisque pubescentia, petioluli brevi. Foliolum terminale rhomboideo- lanceolatum, 2.0-2.7 cm longum, 0.7-1.3 latum, apice breviter acuminatum, basi longe attenuatum. Foliola primi jugis et secundin jugis amplitudine fere consimilis, vel primi jugis paululum minora 2.0-2.3 cm longa, 0.9-1.0 cm lata sessilia, apice obtusa. Foliola interjecta, 1.5-6.0 mm longa, orbicularia vel elliptica, sessilia. Inflo- rescentia cymosa 5-7 flora. Pedunculus, 8 cm longus, basi 5 mm diam., sparse pilosus, Pedicellus pilis brevis dense obsitus, 25-30 mm longus, 2/3 articulatus, pars distalis (superior) 6-7 mm longa. Calyx symetricus, pilosus, lobi anguste ellipticolanceolati, apice angustati, acumina acuta vel anguste subspathulata, 2-3 mm longa. Corolla rotato-pentagonal, 2-5 cm diam., alba, stella interna viride-flava, acumina brevia. Antherae late lanceolatae, 6.0-6.5 mm longae, basi 1.8-2.0 mm latae. Filamenta, 0.4-0.5 mm longa, alba, glabra. Stylus, 8.5 mm longus, basi 2/3 dense pilosus, stigma parvum, capitatum, fissum. Baca globosa, 1.5 cm diam., viride. Numerus cromoso- matum: 2n = 2x = 24. Ad seriem Tuberosa pertinet.
Typus: PERU, departamentit Apurimac, provinci Cotabambas, circa Quillo, 4000 m. supra mare, in itinere Tambobamba-Cotabambas. C. Ochoa 4101, Martius 1973 (holotypus, OCH; tsoty pus, US).
Affinitas: Aspectus delicatulus, corolla alba, foliola parva et folia viridia proxima videtur cum S. gracilifrons, sed. S. gracilifrons bene diversum est forma foliolis, foliolis pseudostipulaceis atque folius valde vernicosis.
Habitat: In regions altis, frigidis, vulgo ‘‘puna”’ species tipica est.
* International Potato Center, P.O. Box 5969, Lima-Peru 455
456 PHY 10) LOG AA Vol. 63, No. 6
Solanum tenellum Ochoa. Holotypus OCH-4101, ca. x 1/2
UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE Muhlenbergia (GRAMINAE) DEL ESTADO DE DURANGO*
Yolanda Herrera Arrieta ** Herbario CIIDIR-IPN, Unidad Durango. Zarco No, 113 Vicente Guerrero, Durango. C.P. 24890). México.
RESUMEN
Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie: Muhlen- bergia durangensis, con base en Material colectado en - el Sur de la Sierra Madre Occidental.
ABSTRACT
On the basis of material collected in the Sierra - Madre Occidental of Durango state, one new species: - Muhlenbergia durangensis is described and illustrated.
INTRODUCCION
Como resultado de los constantes viajes de colecta realizados por el personal del CIIDIR-IPN, Unidad duran go, tanto para la formacidén de un herbario regional, co mo para el estudio de la flora y vegetacidén del Estado de Durango, se colectaron ejemplares correspondientes a una especie que hasta el momento no habia sido posible ubicar en algtin taxdén conocido, lo que hace pensar’ se trata de una nueva entidad.
Muhlenbergia durangensis Herrera, sp. nov.
Herba perennis rhizomata breve, 40-70 cm alta; li- gulae hyalinae 0.5-0.7 (-1) mm longae, 2-3.5 (-5) mm la vel involutae 10-25 (-30) cm longae, 2-3.5 (-5) mm la-- tae; inflorescentia paniculata angusta, virides-luteovi rides (10-) 12-18 (-25)cm longa, 0,5-1 cm lata, ramosis infimis 5-6.5 (-7) cm longa, pedicelli 1-3 mm longi;glu ma (5-) 6-7 (-7.5) mm longa,1- nervae vel leviter 3-ner vae; lemma membranaceae, subulata, 5-6.5 (-7) mm longa, lemma aristatum luteolae (1-) 1.5-2 (-2.5) cm longum; - palea longitudineum lemmatis prope aequans; antherae - purpureae (2.5-) 3-3.5 mm longae,
Planta perenne de 40 a 70 cm de longitud, con la - base amacollada a manera de rizoma corto, hojas por lo general basales, vainas redondeadas, glabras a escabri- das, mas cortas que los entrenudos; auriculas presentes cortas, hialinas, que se contintan con la ligula, ligu- la en forma de una membrana erosa o ciliada, de 0.5 a - 0.7 (1) mm de long.; ldminas foliares de 10 a 25 (30) - cm de longitud y de 2 a 3,5 (5) mm de ancho, planas a - involutas, glabras a escAbridas en el envés y escabri--
‘3 Trabajo parcialmente subvencionado por el CONACyT, - en el marco del Proyecto Flora de Durango, ** Becaria de la COFAA del Instituto Politécnico Nal,
457
458 POH War (OL 10 Get 7A Vol. 63, No. 6
das a escabroso-pubescentes en el haz, con los apices - atenuados, flexuosas (especialmente cuando secas); inflo rescencia una panicula angosta, como espiga abierta, co- lor verde a verde amarillento en la maduréz, de (10) 12 a 18 (25) cm de longitud, y 0.5 a 1 cm de ancho, las ra- mas inferiores de 3 a 5 (7) cm de longitud, las inferio- res de 5 a 6.5 (7) cm de long., pedicelos escabrosos, de 1 a 3 mm de longitud;glumas subiguales, ligeramente ma-- yores que la lema (5.5) 6 a 7 (7.5) mm de longitud, gla bras a escabridas, con el apice atenuado a agudo o mu-- cronado, la segunda en ocasiones corta aristada, uniner- vada o con un par de nervaduras laterales poco aparentes; lema membranadcea, subulada, de 5 a 6.5 (7) mm de longi-- tud, con pubescencia corta (a veces escasa) en la mitad inferior, especialmente alrededor de las nervaduras, la arista amarilla, de (1) 1.5 a 2(2.5) cm de longitud, rec ta o ligeramente flexuosa; palea casi del largo de la - lema, anteras color morado, de (2.5) 3 a 3.5 mm de longi tudi.
Tipo: MEXICO, DURANGO: Mpio. del Mezquital, 32 km de Los Charcos por el camino a La Guajolota, altitud - 2040 m, bosque de pino-encino, 15-III-85, M. Gonzalez - et” al” 1659" (CEIDIRG
Material adicional examinado: DURANGO (Mpio. del - Mezquital), 33 km de La Guajolota, por el camino a Pla- tanitos, 2220 m, bosque abierto de pino-encino, - 16-III-85, M. Gonzalez et al, 1962 (CIIDIR); 5 km del - entrongue del camino de Charcos al Mezquital, bosque de pino-encino, O. Garcia. 83 (CIIDIR); Cerro Blanco, Re-- serva de la Bidésfera "La Michilia", bosque de pino-enci no, 2650 m, 17-IV-86, S. Gonzalez 3739 y 3742 (CIIDIR).
M. durangensis es una especie de la Seccién Podo- semum del subgénero Podosemum, grupo de plantas perennes cespitosas y no-robustas. Se encuentra muy emparentada con M.watsoniana por presentar la arista de color amari lio y por compartir caracteristicas morfoldédgicas y de - habitat semejantes, de la que difiere en primera instan cia por presentar las glumas casi iguales de (5.5) 6 a 7 (7.5) mm de longitud, glabras a escabridas, la lema - de«5 a»6.5 (7) mmide-olongitud, ha arista’de (178i7S a -— 2 (2.5) cm de longitud y las anteras moradas de (2.5) 3 a 3.5 mm de longitud,
M. durangensis M, watsoniana Auriculas - membranaceas, cortas - faltantes
Ligula - membranacea, hialina - café, firme
1987
Glumas
Lema
Arista
Anteras
casi iguales de 6a
7 (735) aim de. Lorig:, glabras a escabridas
angosta, subulada de 5 a 6.5 (7) mm de
long.
Gems) eS ay e225)
cm de long.
moradas (2.5) 3 a
3.5 mm de long,
Herrera, Nueva Muhlenbergia de Durango 459
subiguales, pri mera de 3 a5 - mm y segunda de 4 a5.5 mm de - long.; hispidu- las.
elipsoidea sub- ulada de 3 a 5 mm de long.
de 2 a2.5 em = de long.
2.7 a 2.9 mm de long.
Muhlenbergia watsoniana Hitchc, es una especie poco conocida, aparentemente colectada solamente por Schaff--
ner en San Luis Potosi, los 1700 y 1800 m.s.n,m,
este nombre,
en bosque de pino-encino entre -
Posteriormente McVaugh (1983, 264-265) incluye un ejemplar colectado en Jalisco bajo Sin embargo al final escribe una nota acla-
ratoria de las diferencias entre su colecta (McVaugh ~ 25604) y la especie tipo de Shaffner, poniendo en duda -
de que se trate de la misma especie,
La especie aqui -
descrita presenta caracteristicas morfolédgicas en gene--
ral mayores que las de ambas plantas,
McVaugh, R.
2983),
LITERATURA CITADA
Flora Novo-Galiciana, Vol 14 - ~ Graminae, Univ. of Michigan. 1032 pp.
Vol. 63, No. 6
POH GY =0.00E) OFG ei 7A
460
(Tipo)
durangensis
Muhlenbergia
MIRTACEAS NICARAGUENSES II: Eugenia zelayensids sp. nov.
Pablo E. Sanchez Vindas Museo Nacional de Costa Rica Departamento de Historia Natural Apdo. 749, San José Costa Rica
Eugenia zelayensis P.E Sanchez 4p. nov.
Arbor 6-15 metralis; ramulis juvenilibus fudsco-aureus vel fe- rrugineus tomentosis. Folia glabra, elliptica vel elliptico-ovata, (8.2-) 10-13.8 om Longa, apicem acuminatus; petioli 3-5 mm Long. Flos solitarius vel 2 ad nodus, dense fusco-aureus tomentosus; pedicelhi 1-2.5 cm Longr; bracteckae 2, separatae, 5-7 mm Longae; cakycis Lobi elliptico-hanceolati, inaequales, (3-) 4-8 mm Long. Fructus rgnotus.
Arbol de 6-15 m de altura; ramitas j6venes densamente café-do- rado o ferrugineo tomentosas; pelos simples, de 1-2 mm de largo. Hojas verde-oscuro en la haz, palidas en el envés, elipticas u ovado-elipticas, (8.2-) 10-13.8 cm de largo, (2.9-) 3.3-6.5 cm de ancho, subcoriaceas, cuando j6venes tomentosas principalmente en los nervios, glabras en ambas superficies en la madurez, 4pice acuminado o largo-acuminado, base redondeada, nervio central in- merso en la haz, prominente en el envés, nervios laterales 10-12 de cada lado, escasamente visibles en la haz, prominentes en el envés, nervio marginal arqueado entre los laterales, 2.5-4 mm del margen; peciolo rugoso, de denso ferrugineo tomentoso a glabro, acanalado, 3-5 mm de largo, 1-1.5 mm de ancho. Flores solitarias en los brotes de las ramitas nuevas, usualmente 1-2 por nudo y opuestas; bracteas de densamente tomentosas a glabras, glandulo- sas, caducas en la antesis, eliptico-lanceoladas, 4-5 mm de lar- go, hasta 2 mm de ancho; pedicelo densamente café-dorado tomento so, 1-2.5 cm de largo; bracteolas separadas, denso café-dorado tomentosas, glabras internamente, lanceoladas, 5-7 mm de largo, 1-1.5 mm de ancho; hipanto densamente tomentoso, campanulado, 2-2.5 mm de largo; yemas glabras en el globo de los pétalos, glo bosas, 5-7 mm de largo, 3-4 mm de ancho; lébulos del caliz 4, de siguales, denso café-dorado tomentosos externamente, eliptico- lanceolados, Aapice acuminado, (3-) 4-8 mm de largo; pétalos blancos, glabros, obovados, 4.5-6 mm de largo, 3.5-4.2 mm de an- cho; disco redondeado, tomentoso en la base del estilo, 2.5- 3 mm de ancho; estambres 80-100, de 5-7 mm de largo; estilo gla- bro, 5-7 mm de largo. Frutos desconocidos.
461
462 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 63, No. 6
TIPO: NICARAGUA. DPTO. DE ZELAYA: Costado Sur del Cerro El Inocen- te; 1000-1500 m.s.n.m; bosque nuboso, D. Stevens 6755 (Holotipo MO; isotipos: CR, F, NY, US).
MATERIAL ADICIONAL EXAMINADO: NICARAGUA DPTO. DE ZELAYA: Costado Sur del Cerro La Pimienta y N del Cerro Hormiguero, 800-900 m.s.n. m; bosque himedo tropical, A. Graijakva 273 (MO); Cafio El Hormigue ro, 700-800 m.s.n.m, bosque himedo tropical, J. Pipoky 5890 (MO); Finca al S de la Pimienta, J. Pxpoly 6284 (MO).
Las flores solitarias, tamano del pedicelo, longitud y forma de las bracteas, bracteolas y lébulos del caliz, ademas del indumento de la mayoria de las estructuras florales, difieren notoriamente de cualquier otra especie conocida por mi.
AGRADECIMIENTOS: Al personal del Herbario del Missouri Botanical Garden por las facilidades en el uso de sus valiosas colecciones, a la Bi6l. Luz Maria Ortega por el mecanografiado del manuscrito.
NEOTROPICAL MYRSINACEAE — XXI
Cyrus Longworth Lundell
Director, Plant Sciences Laboratory The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, Texas 75083-0688
ARDISIA Sw., Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 3. 48. 1788 ARDISIA MORAVIANA (Lundell) Lundell, comb. nov. Auricular-
disia moraviana Lundell, Phytologia 63: 74. 1987. Costa Rica: R. L. Wilbur 24919 (holotype, Duke).
ARDISIA MURPHYAE (Lundell) Lundell, comb. nov. Graphardisia Murphyae Lundell, Phytologia 63: 77. 1987. Costa Rica: H. Murphy 1248 (holotype, Duke).
ARDISIA SARAPIQUIENSIS (Lundell) Lundell, comb. nov. Auriculardisia sarapiquiensis Lundell, Phytologia 63: 74. 1987. Costa Rica: B. Hammel & J. Trainer 13262 (holotype, LL).
ARDISIA SPATHULATA (Lundell) Lundell, comb. nov. Auricular- disia spathulata Lundell, Phytologia 63: 75. 1987. Costa Rica: D. E. Stone & A. L. Welden 3440 (holotype, Duke).
ARDISIA TRICHOMATA (Lundell) Lundell, comb. nov. Auricular- disia trichomata Lundell, Phytologia 63: 75. 1987. Costa Rica: R. L. Wilbur 24906 (holotype, Duke).
ARDISIA WILBURIANA (Lundell) Lundell, comb. nov. Auricular- disia Wilburiana Lundell, Phytologia 63: 76. 1987. Costa Rica: B. Jacobs 2917 (holotype, LL; isotypes, Duke).
ICACOREA Aubl., P. Guian. 2: Suppl. 1. 1775
ICACOREA BURGERI (Lundell) Lundell, Phytologia 48: 347. 1981. Ardisia Burgeri Lundell, Wrightia 7: 23. 1981.
Costa Rica: Prov. Alajuela, Llanura de San Carlos, wet tropi- cal rain forest near Los Angeles, alt. 100 m., Feb. 21, 1966, Antonio Molina R., Louis 0. Williams, William C. Burger & Bruce Wallena 17670 (F, holotype; LL, xerox copy & fragment), small tree 5 meters tall. Prov. Puntarenas: forests along S side of Quebrada Bonita, to ca. 1 km. E of Costanera highway, Carara Reserve, elev. ca. 30—40 m., Jan. 11, 1985, Michael Grayum et al. 4752 (LL, MO), slender, understory treelet ca. 3.5 m. tall.
463
464 Pen Yor (Or Or Gr ira Vol. 63, No. 6
Described from specimen with immature fruits, the Grayum collection, also from lowland wet forest, is in flower. Its sepals are oblong-lanceolate, 2—3 mm. long, thin, punctate with scattered black glands. The corolla is 7—8 mm. long, with thin lanceolate petals connate at base and punctate like the sepals. The stamens subequal the petals, with slender filaments, and slender lanceolate tapering anthers 3.5—4 mm. long, dehiscent by 2 small apical pores.
ICACOREA DURIPETALA Lundell, sp. nov. — Frutex, 3 m.; ramuli, crassiusculi; folia parva, glabra, petiolata, petiolo 3—5 mn. longo, late marginato; lamina coriacea, elliptica, 3—6.5 cm. longa, 1.5—3 cm. lata, apice apiculata vel subacuminata, basi acuta, punctata, integra; inflorescentia terminalis, glabra, parva, paniculata, 3—5.5 cm. longa, densiflora; flores 5-meri, corymbosi, pedicelli 1.3—3 mm. longi; sepala ovata, ca. 1.5 mm. longa, punctata, symmetrica, integra; petala ca. 6 mm. longa, anguste lanceolata, dura, basi connata, apice obtusiuscula; stamina 3 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1.5 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, ca. 2 mm. longae, apice birimosae; ovarium glabrum.
Panama: Chiriqui, southern slopes of Cerro Horqueta north of Boquete, elev. ca. 6500 ft., Jan. 21, 1971, R. L. Wilbur, J. A. Teeri, Robin Foster 13471 (holotype, LL), shrub 3 m. tall.
The species is notable for its short leafy branchlets, densely flowered small inflorescences, short pedicels, coriaceous narrowly lanceolate petals, and stamens with slender filaments subequaling anthers. It resembles Icacorea rigidifolia (Lundell) Lundell.
ICACOREA HATOANA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 5 m. alta; ramuli graciles, minute lepidoti; folia glabra, petiolata, petiolo 5—7 mm. longo, lepidoto, canaliculato; lamina chartacea vel subcoriacea, lanceolata vel anguste elliptica, 7.5—10.5 cm. longa, 3—4.2 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata vel acutiuscula, basi late obtusa et acutiuscula; inflorescentia terminalis, pyramida- lis, paniculata, ad 8 cm. longa et lata, laxa, minute et parce lepidota; flores 5-meri, corymbosi; pedicelli 5 mm. longi; sepala symmetrica, late ovata vel ovata, ad 2 mm. longa, minute punctata, maculata; corolla ca. 5.5 mm. longa, apice minute punctata; petala 5, basi connata; stamina ca. 5.5 mm. longa; filamenta libera, ca. 2.75 mm. longa; antherae ca. 3 mm. longae, late lanceolato-oblongae, apice birimosae, apertae; ovarium glabrum; ovula parva, pluriseriata; stylus ca. 4.5 mm. longus.
Panama: Provincia de Chiriqui, woods and pastured borders near Las Lagunas, west of El Hato del Volcan, about 1400 m. elevation, Jan. 15, 1970, R. L. Wilbur, R. E. Weaver, R. Foster, M. Correa 11002 (holotype, LL; isotype, Duke), tree 5 m. tall, corolla white, anthers yellow.
iI. hatoana resembles I. rigidifolia (Lundell) Lundell, differing in its longer filaments subequaling anthers, with calyx and corolla conspicuously punctate with small red-black glands, with somewhat larger calyx and corolla, and larger, thinner,
1987 Lundell, Neotropical Myrsinaceae 465
longer petioled leaves. Icacorea Storkii (Lundell) Lundell and Icacorea Scheryi (Lundell) Lundell are both of this relationship, but have much smaller sepals and anthers.
ICACOREA LAJANA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 2—3 m. alta; ramuli graciles, minute lepidoti; folia parva, basi minute lepidota, petiolata, petiolo late marginato, 2.5—5 mm. longo; lamina chartacea, oblanceolato-elliptica, 5—9.5 cm. longa, 2.5— 3.5 cm. lata, apice subacuminata, acumine obtusiuscula, basi acuta, parvipunctata, subtus reticulata, margine integra; inflorescentia subsessilis, paniculata, ad 6 cm. longa, basi minute lepidota; flores corymbosi, 5-meri; pedicelli 5—/7 m. longi, graciles; sepala hyalina, minute punctata, late ovata, Ca. 1.5 mm. longa; petala 5—5.5 mm. longa, lanceolata, basi connata; stamina ca. 4 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1 mm. longa, gracilis; antherae 3—3.5 mm. longae, anguste lanceolatae, apice minute biporosae; ovarium glabrum; ovula pluriseriata; stylus ca. 5 mn. longus.
Mexico: Estado de Veracruz, Mun. Zapata, La Laja, entre Corral Falso y Pinaltepec, a 900 m. de carretera Xalapa-Veracruz por camino Falso-Pinaltepec, alt. 900 m., Jan. 8, 1985, H. M. Hernandez y Rafael Torres 769 (holotype, LL), arbusto ripario de 2—3 m. con frutos inmaduros.
With immature fruits, the flowers are described from dried fragments in the inflorescence.
ICACOREA ALBIPETALA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 8 m.; ramuli graciles, minute lepidoti; folia parva, petiolata, petiolo crasso, marginato, 2—4.5 mm. longo; lamina coriacea, integra, basi revoluta, anguste elliptica vel lanceolata, 4—7.5 cm. longa, 2—3.5 cm. lata, basi acutiuscula vel rotundata, apice acuminata, acumine obtusiuscula, supra glabra, subtus pallida, parce punctata, reticulata; inflorescentia terminalis, paniculata, ad 8 cm. longa, densiflora, glabra, basi lepidota; flores 5-meri, corymbosi; pedicelli 4—7.5 mm. longi; sepala hyalina, late ovata, ca. 1.3 mm. longa, minute punctata; corolla ad 7.5 mm. longa; petala lanceolata, ad 7 mm. longa, basi connata ca. 1 mm.; stamina 5—6 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 3 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, ca. 3 mm. longae, apice biporosae; ovarium glabrum; stylus ca. 5.5 mn. longus; ovula pluriseriata, ca. 22.
Panama: Prov. Bocas del Toro, region of Cerro Colorado, on trails from continental divide, 7 miles from Champi Camp, in cloud forest, ca. 1500 m., April 12, 1986, Gordon McPherson 8832 (holotype, LL), tree 8 m., corolla white.
Icacorea albipetala resembles Icacorea monteverdeana Lundell but differs in its entire leaves and slender filaments which equal anthers.
A NEW VARIETY OF EUPHORBIA CELASTROIDES (EUPHORBIACEAE) HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 150
Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 19000A, Honolulu Hawaii 96817, USA
This novelty has been checked against the revision by Koutnik (i987). There the Hawaiian species are all plac- ed in the genus Chamaesyce. This segregate genus is separated by several invisible characters. In the writer's opinion these species are best left in the traditional
genus Euphorbia.
Euphorbia celastroides Boiss. in DC., var. arenisaxosa var. nov.
Frutex perennis est, ramis usque ad 30 cm longis decum- bentibus, internodis puberulis, petiolis 0.7-2 mm longis puberulis, laminis 5-15 -\ 4-7 mm ellipticis, capitula terminali 1-3 mm alta puberula, capsula 2 mm longa sub- globosa. Typus: Molokai I., Kaluakoi, sand dunes, 200 £t alt., H. St. John, 23,486.
Perennial shrub; rootstock woody, as much as 12 mm in diameter; branches decumbent, up to 30 cm in length, slender, 0.5-3 mm in diameter, freely branching; inter- nodes 8-15 mm long, puberulous, but early glabrate; nodes ele agen leaves opposite; stipules interpetiolar, hemispheric, puberulous; petioles 0.7-2 mm long, puber- ulous; blades 5-15 X 4-7 mm, fleshy, subcoriaceous, broad- ly elliptic to elliptic,appressed serrulate to entire, above dark green and glabrous, (except that the base at first is sparsely puberulous), below whitish on the sur- face, but the major veins dark, the finely reticulate venation somewhat visible below, but conspicuous above, secondary veins 3-5 in each half; heads solitary, sessile, mostly teminal; involucre 1.3 mm tall, widely campanulate, puberulous to glabrate; receptacle densely puberulous; glands 0.5 mm wide, figure eight shaped, reddish black, separate; anthers 0.15 mm in diameter, subglobose; ovary 4 mm long, ovoid, glabrous; 3 styles 0.8 mm long, cern- uous; capsules 2 mm long, subglobose, 3-lobed, brown, smooth.
Discussion: The new var. arenisaxosa is most closely related to Euphorbia celastroides, var. halawana of Molokai, a variety with the herbage glabrous; blades 1-3.5.\ 0.8-2 cm, the base rounded or subcordate, sec- ondary veins 7-9 in each half; involucre tomentose at least above; glands oblong elliptic; and the capsule 3 mm long. The var. arenisaxosa has the internodes, stip- ules and petioles puberulous; blades 5-15 X 4-7 mm, secondary veins 3-5 in each half; involucre puberulous to glabrate; glands figure eight shaped; and the capsul- es 2 mm long.
466
1987 St. John, New Hawaiian Euphorbia 467
The new epithet is formed from the Latin arena,sand, and saxum, rock, and it refers to the habitat of the variety on stabilized, consolidated sand dunes.
Reference Koutnik, Daryl L. 1987, A Taxonomic Revision of the Hawaiian Species of the Genus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae). Allertonia 4(6): 331-357, figs. 1-24.
TWO PITTOSPORUM SPECIES (PITTOSPORACEAE)
HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 151
Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA
Pittosporum is an evident element in the Hawaiian native forests. At present there are known 26 species and 35 varieties. Here there are added two more spedies.
Pittosporum molokaiense sp. nov. (sect. ‘Bivalvae). Frutex glaber est, petiolis 8-21 mm longis, laminis 5.5- 10.8 & 1.9-5.1 cm coriaceis spatulatis integris, umbelis 5-floriferis, capsulis 27-33 X 21-23 9-12 mm bi- valvatis oblongo-ellipsoideis rugosts:-et tomentosis. Typus: Molgkai I., Waialua Valley, R. Hobdy 1,839.
Pittosporum radiculatum sp. nov. (sect. Bivalvae). Arbor 3.3 m alta est, petiolis 1-2 cm longis tomentosis, laminis 4-8 * 1.2-2.7 cm spatulatis supra in nervis puberulis infra tomentosis, racemis 1.5-2 cm longis tomentosis, corollis 10.5 mm longis luteis, capsulis 18-24 * 16-25 K 14-16 mm subglobosis laevibus glabris. Typus: Hawaii I., Natl. Park, Kalapana, J. Jacobi et ais 275:
The types of these species are in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
468
DIAGNOSES OF CYRTANDRA SPECIES (GESNERIACEAE) SECT. CHAETOCALYCES
HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 152
Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA
The section Chaetocalyces is distinguished by the ligulate shape of its long calyx lobes. It now is known to contain 31 species and 3 varieties. They occur on Molokai, Maui, Lanai, and Hawaii, but not on the two northern others.
The types of the following species are in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
Cyrtandra adine sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 25-38 mm longis villosis, laminis 7-10.2 &K 3.8-6 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi rotun- data supra pilosis infra pilosis, cymis 3.5-4 cm longis 3-6-floriferis villosis, pedicellis 6-8 mm longis, caly- cibus 8-9 mm longis villosis lobis 7-9 mm longis 1-1.5 mm latis ligulatis. Typus: Maui I., C. N. Forbes L078 .M-.
Cyrtandra adpressa sp. nov. Novellae adpresse puber- ulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 6-30 mm longis puberulis, laminis 4.5-8 K 1.9-3.7 cm oblanceolatis supra hirsutulis infra nervis puberulis, cymis 2.5-3 cm longis 1-floriferis puberulis, calycibus 12-15 mm longis puberulis lobis 11-13 mm longis, corollis 16-17 mm longis puberulis tubo 12-13 mm longo, loba infera 5.5 mm longa suborbiculari. Typus: Maui I., F. R. Warshauer 2,536.
Cyrtandra adusta sp. nov. Ramulae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3.5-6 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 14.5-17 & 6-7 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata et decurrentisupra hirsutulis infra nervis hirsutulis, cymis 5-6 cm longis 3-5-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 10-23 mm longis, gemmis fusiformibus, calycibus 19-20 mm longis adpresse pilosulis lobis 12-16 mm longis ligulatis, corollis 30 mm longis adpresse pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., F. R. Warshauer 2,889. s
Cyrtandra alikaensis sp. nov. Novellae piloplae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 4-8.5 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 16-21.5>€ 5.5-7.5 cm oblanceolatis supra hispidulis infra puberulis, cymis 3-5 cm longis 7-ll-floriferis. Typus Maui I., Nahiku, H. St. John et al. 7, 897%
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470 POHOYs TiOl LOG iva Vol. 63,\No? 76
Cyrtandra badia sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 8-20 mm longis hirsutis, laminis 5-9.5 & 2.5-4.5 cm fusiformi-ellipticis acuminatis hirsutis, cymis 2-6 cm longis 1-floriferis hirsutis, ped- icellis 20-35 mm longis, calycibus 20-24 mm longis lobis 19-23 mm longis subulatis, corollis hirsutis. Typus: Mauil., F. R. Warshauer 2,719.
Cyrtandra biformalis sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 10-55 mm longis hirsutulis, laminis 7-16 X 3-7 cm ellipticis subacum- inatis supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 4.5-7 cm longis 2-4-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 17-22 mm longis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis hirsutulis, 2 lobis inferis dimidio infero 1-1.2 mm lato ligulato dimidio supero 2.7-3.5 mm lato elliptico, corollis 15-18 mm longis. Typus: Maui I., Nahiku, P. K. Higashino 9,184.
Cyrtandra capillata sp. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 9-32 mm longis puberulis, laminis 4-11.5 ¥ 1.3-5 cm ellipticis acumina- tis supra hirsutulis infra puberulis, cymis 5-6 cm longis 3-7-floriferis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis puberulis, 10bis 11-16 mm longis dimidio basali 1-3 mm latis ligulato dimiio apicali 3-4 mm lato elliptico, corollis 17 mm longis. Typus: Maui I., Kipahulu, P. K. Higashino Te ss ba
Cyrtandra depressa sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-5 cm longis pilosulis, lam- inis 10-19.5 ¥ 3.3-5.4 cm fusiformibus infra pilosulis, cymis 3.5-4 cm longis 1-2-floriferis pilosulis, ped- icellis 10-17 mm longis, calycibus 17-18 mm longis pilosulis, loba infera 8 mm longa lanceolata, corollis 26 mm longis, loba infera 9 mm longa suborbiculari. Typus: Hawaii I., Hamakua, F. R. Warshauer 1,281.
Cyrtandra fruticosa sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 10-60 mm longis hirsutulis, laminis 9-14.5 ® 2.5=6 cm oblanceolatis acuminatis supra hirsutulis infra puberulis, cymis 5.5-10 cm longis 3-5-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 18-38 mm longis, calycibus 15-20 mm longis pilosulis, lobis 12-17 mm longis eis superis ligulatis, corollis 24-26 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., F. R. Warshauer 2,607.
Cyrtandra haelaauensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 13-50 mm,longis hirsutis, laminis 5.5-12X% 2.5-4.3 cm elliptics acuminatis supra hirsutisjnfra nervis hirsutuli?s, cymis 4-5 cm longis3-5-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 12-22 mm longis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis pilosulis lobis 13-14 mm longis subulatis ciliatis, corollis 18 mm longis. Typus: Maui I.,Haelaau, H. St. John 10,213.
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 471
Cyrtandra heliothine Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 8-50 mm longis, laminis 4-12 3% 2.3-5.2 cm ellipticis subacuminatis cuneatis hirsutulis, cymis 3.5-5.5 cm longis 1-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 10-25 mm longis, calycibus 13-16 mm longis hirsutulis lobis 11-14 mm longis 1.5 mm latis ligulatis, corollis 25 mm longis loba infera 8 mm diamet- ro suborbiculari. Typus: Maui I., Ke'anae,
F. R. Warshauer 2,583.
Cyrtandra hians sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 10-55 mm longis hirsut- ulis, laminis 8.5-16.5 >, 3-8 cm ellipticis acuminatis supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 3.5-9 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 9-23 mm longis,cal- ycibus 20-21 mm longis pilosulis lobis 17-18 mm longis dimidio basali 3 mm lato ligulato dimidio apicali 4.3 mm lato elliptico, corollis 24 mm longis villosulis. Typus: Maui I., Keanae Gap, F. R. Warshauer 2,833.
Cyrtandra ligulata sp. nov. Petiolae 4 cm longae pil- osulae sunt, laminis 10.5-11\ 5.5-6 cm ellipticis acuminatis supra nervis hirsutis infra nervis pilosis, cymis 5.5-7 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 17-24 mm longis, caylycibus 20-24 mm longis pilosis lobis superis 10-11 mm longis subulate ligulatis, baccis lanceo-ovoideis glabris. Typus: Hawaii I., Hamakua, F. R. Warshauer 1,639.
Cyrtandra occidentalis sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 12-24 mm longis hir- sutis, laminis 7-19.5\ 2-3.5 cm lanceolatis supra hirsutisinfra pilosulis, cymis 3-4 cm longis\(3-) l-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 8-15 mm longis, calycibus 14-15 mm longis lobis 12.4-14.5 mm longis ligulatis, corollis 22 mm longis pilosulis. Typus:
Maui I., P. K. Higashino 9,498.
Cyrtandra oopuolaensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-7 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 8-16.5 \ 3.9-7.2 cm ellipticis acumindtis: basi cuneata et decurrentisupra pilosulis infra puberulis, cymis 4-5 cm longis8-floriferispilosulis, pedicellis 12-18 mm longis, calycibus 12-14 mm longis, lobis 11-13 mm longis apice spathulato 2.3-2.8 mm lato, Typus: Maui I., ®opuolaStream, H.'St. John et al. 25,620 3
Cyrtandra orientalis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 16-30 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 13-18 >-. 4-6.7 cm coriaceis lanceolatis acum- inatis hirsutulis, cymis 5 cm longis 7-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 7-10 mm longis, calycibus 17-18 mm longis pilosulis, lobis 14-15 mm longis ligulatis subspathulatis, corollis 25 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., F. R. Warshauer 2,830.
472 PH, ¥+T0;-by0.C, TA Vol. 63, No. 6
Cyrtandra petiolata sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt. foliis oppositis, petiolis 5-9 cm longis villosis, lam- inis 15-17 -< 7.2-8 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi elon- gate cuneatis supra villosis infra hirsutis, cymis 25-35 cm longis 5-13-floriferis villosis, pedicellis 4-10 mm longis, calycibus 9-10 mm longis villosis tubo 1.5-2 mm longo lobis inaequalibus apice spatulato, corollis 18 mm longis villosis. Typus: Maui I., Waikamoi,
C. N. Forbes 1,285.M.
Cyrtandra phaie sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-4.7 cm longis hirsutis, laminis 9-14. 3.5-4.3 cm ellipticis acuminatis supra hirsutis infra nervis hirsutis, cymis 4 cm longis 1-floriferis hirsutis, calycibus 18 mm longis hirsutis lobis 10-11.5 mm longis ligulatis, corollis 19 mm longis hirsutis. Typus: Hawaii I., Glenwoood, O. Degener 30,307.
Cyrtandra puberula sp. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 14-35 mm longis puberulis, laminis 7-10.5 >» 2.4-4 cm ellipticis subacum- inatis puberulis, cymis 3-5 cm longis 2-4-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 9-14 mm longis, calycibus 10-12 mm longis puberulis lobis 9-10.5 mm longis ligulatis, corollis 23 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Maui I., Kipahulu, P. K. Higashino 9,402.
Cyrtandra quinquefasciata sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 14-35 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 6-12 X 2.2-3.7 cm oblanceolatis supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 3.5-5 cm longis Pilosulis, pedicellis 9-14 mm longis, calycibus 10-11 mm longis pilosulis lobis 9-10 mm longis parte 3/4 basali 0.7-1.2 mm lata ligulata parte % apicali 1.5 mm lata elliptica, corollis 14-17 mm longis pilosulis. Typus:
Maui I., Kipahulu, P. K. Higashino 9,402.
Cyrtandra terna sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1-4 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 6.5-14 & 2.7-4.2 cm oblanceolatis ellipticisve acumin- atis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 4-5.5 cm longis 3-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 9-14 mm longis, calycibus 15-18 mm longis lobis 12-16 mm longis ligulatis subobtusis, corollis 22-24 mm longis. Typus: Maui I., Kipahulu, F. R. Warshauer 2,854,
Cyrtandra terniflora sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1-4 cm longis hirsutulis, laminis 5-11.8 * 3-6.2 cm ellipticis acumina- tis supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 5-6 cm longis 3-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 14-16 mm longis, calycibus 16-17 mm longis hirsutulis lobis 14-15 mm longis in apice spathulatis, corollis 22 mm longis.
Typus: Maui I., P. K. Higashino 9,102,
DIAGNOSES OF CYRTANDRA SPECIES, SECT. VERTICILLATAE (GESNERIACEAE) HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 153
Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817. USA
The types of the folowing speceis are in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
Cyrtandra cinnamomea sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis 3-verticillatis, petiolis 11-13 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 12-17 & 3.7-6.4 cm oblanceolatis basi rotundata supra midnervo pilosulo infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 3 cm longis 1-floriferis, pedunculo et pedicello 6 mm longis pilosulis, calycibus 24-25 mm longis pilosulis, lobis 8-10 mm longis lanceolatis apice subulato, corollis 27 mm longis glabris. Typus: Maui I., Transect 11,
P. K. Higashino AS 7A ae
Cyrtandra hamakuaensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis 4-verticillatis sessilibue oblanceolatis supra midnervo pilosulo infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 2.5-3 cm longis 5-7-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 4-10 mm longis, gemmis fusiformibus 18-20 mm longis rostro 5 mm longo, calycibus 16-17 mm longis pilosis, corollis 23 mm longis glabris. Typus: Hawaii I., Paauhau 3, J. F. Rock 4,062.
Cyrtandra infrafissa sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis 3-verticillatis, petiolis 3-7 mm longis hirsutulis, lamninis 15-32 & 2.5-6.3 cm oblanceolatis acuminatis infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 3.5-4 cm longis 1-flor- iferis pilosulis, pedicellis 10 mm longis, calycibus 25- 28 mm longis fusiformibus rostro 4-5 mm longo indiviso, corollis 30-33 mm longis glabris. Typus: Maui lI., Kipahulu, B. H. Gagne l.
Cyrtandra latior sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis verticillatis, petiolis 4-10 mm longis pilosis, laminis 24-30 « 4-5 cm spathulatis acuminatis basi subcordata infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 3.5-4 cm longis 3-5-flor- iferis pilosis, pedicellis 2-4 mm longis, gemmis fusi- formibus rostro 7 mm longo, calycibus 30 mm longis %- lobatis, 4 lobis lanceolatis, corollis 30 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Mapulehu, J. F. Rock 2 pote
Cyrtandra mapulehuensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis 3-verticillatis, petiolis 2-4 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 9-19 4-6.2 cm ellipticis acumi- natis basi cuneata et decurrenti, cymis 5 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 10-12 mm longis, calycibus 18-19 mm longisfusiformibus in basi pilos- ulis 1/3 lobatis, lobis 8 mm longis lanceolatis,
473
474 Pp Heys T05L7) 0 Gls Vol. 63, No. 6
corollis 22-24 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Mapulehu, D. Herbst 1,891.
Cyrtandra opeatos sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis 3-verticillatis sessilibus, laminis 21-24 X 4.5-5 cm oblanceolatis subacuminatis supra midnervo pilos: uldinfra nervis pilosulis, cymis 2.5-3 cm longis 5-floriferis caulifloribus pilosulis, pedicellis 3-5 mm longis, gemmis 18-20 mm longis fusiformibuspiosulis rostr: 4 mm longo, calycibus 18-19 mm longis ellipsoideis, 4 lobis 10-12 mm longispasi ovata apice subulato, corollis 20 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Glenwood,
O. Degener 7,682.
Cyrtanda quadrata sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis 4-verticillatis, petiolis 6-20 mm longispilosulis, laminis 5-12 & 1.5-2.5 cm oblanceolatis subacuminatis infra nervis pilosis, cymis 1-floriferispilosis, ped- icellis 1-2 mm longis, gemmis 27-32 mm longis fusiform- ibus rostro 7-9 mm longo, corollis 24 mm longis glabris, loba infera 10 mm longa ovata. Typus: Molokai I., Wailau, H. St. John et al 23,533.
Cyrtandra quadrilobata sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt foliis 3-verticillatis sessilibus, laminis 33-37 X 5.2-6.3 cm oblanceolatis acuminatis basi rotundata infra nervis pilosulis supra puberulis, cymis 2.5-3.5 cm longis 3-7-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 9-11 mm longis, calycibus 31 mm longis fusiformibus pilosulis rostro 5-6 mm longo 4 lobis 9-14 mm longis, corollis 25 mm longis glabris. Typus: Hawaii I., Manuka, F. R. Warshauer 1,986.
Cyrtandra sessilis sp. nov. Ramulae pilosae sunt, foliis 3-4-verticillatis 17-38 X 6-8 cm oblanceolatis sessilibus perfoliatis supra midnervo pilosulo infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 4-4.5 cm longis 7-9-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 5-7 mm longis, gemmis 20-21 mm longis fusiformibus rostro 3.5-5 mm longo, calycibus 20- 21 mm longis puberulis tubo 10-12 mm longo 3 lobis subulatis, corollis 30 mm longis glabris tubo 20 mm longo, loba infera 9 X 8 mm suborbiculari. Typus: Molokai I., Wailau, L. Stemmermann 2,067.
Cyrtandra straminea sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis 3-verticillatis, petiolis 4.5-7.5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 9.5-18.5 © 4.3-6.8 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra puberulis infra pilosulis, cymis 7-10.5 cm longis 3-5-floriferis pilosulis, ped- icellis 28-32 mm longis, calycibus 17-20 mm longis fusiformibus puberulis stramineis 1/3-%-lobatis lobis lanceolatis, fructibus 17 KX 3 mm glabris.
Typus: Molokai I., Mapulehu, D. Herbst 1,887.
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 475
Cyrtandra subulata sp. nov. Novellae sericeae sunt, foliis 3-verticillatis sessilibus, laminis 21-29 x< 7.2-10.3 cm oblanceolatis basi rotundata supra nervis pilosulis, cymis 5.5 cm longis 1l-floriferispuberulis, pedicellis 10 mm longis, calycibus 22-28 mm longis pub- erulis, lobis inferis 15-17 mm longis lanceolatis subulatis, corollis 30 mm longis glabris, loba infera 12 mm diametro suborbiculari. Typus: Maui I., Hanaula, HoSt. "John, 26883.
Cyrtandra ternaria sp. nov. Ramulae glabrae sunt, foliis 3-verticillatis sessilibus, laminis 12-20 x< 2.7-4.4 cm oblanceolatis basi auriculata infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 1-floriferis, pedunculo 3 mm longo, pedicellis 5-7 mm longis puberulis, gemmis 22 mm longis
fusiformbus rostro 4 mm longo, calycibus * partitislobis
inferis 12 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 38-40 mm longis glabris, loba infera 9 XK 10 mm subglobosa. Typus Molokai I., Transect 1, F. R. Warshauer 2,423.
Cyrtandra trinalis sp. nov. Ramulae glabrae sunt, foliis 3-verticillatis, petiolis 12-20 mm longis, lam- inis 22-35 \7.5-9.2 cm oblanceolatis subacuminatis supra midnervo sericeo infra nervis sericeis, cymis 4-6 cm longis 3-7-floriferis pilosulo-sericeis, ped- icellis 6-14 mm longis, gemmis fusiformibus, calycibus mm longis sericeis, 5 lobis 13-17 mm longis lanceo- latis, corollis 35 mm longis glabris. Typus: Maui I., Nahaikuy Hee StaawoOhn 7 eo 7 Ae
Cyrtandra waiheeensis sp. nov. Novellae tomentosae sunt, foliis 4-verticillatis, petiolis 2-4.5 cm longis tomentosis, laminis 11.5-16.5 ”&1.7-2.6 cm oblanceo- latis acuminatisbasi decurrenti infra nervis pilosis, cymis 4-5 cm longis 1-floriferistomentosis, pedicellis 4 mm longis, gemmis fusiformibus rostro et corpore aequantibus, calycibus 43 mm longis ad medium fissis, corollis 28 mm longis glabris. Typus: Maui I., Waihee, Uemh.s ROCK et ale
30
SECTION LOBICALYCES OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 154
Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Cyrtandra Section Lobicalyces, sect. nov.
(Subgen. Brachycyathus)
Diagnosis Typi: Calycibus viridibus persistentibusfere 3/4 lobatis, lobis lanceolatis, corollis albis, inflor- escentia cymosa, floribus paucis, foliis verticillatis. Calym green, persitent, campanulate, lobed about 3/4 way into lanceolate lobes; corollas white; inflores- cence cymose, flowers few; leaves verticillate. Type species: Cyrtandra curvata St. John. Discussion: A related section is Verticillatae, which also has verticillate leaves, but it differs by having the calyx fusiform in bud, and it is deciduous before the fruit ripens. Section Schizocalyces is similar to the new section in calyx and corolla, but the leaves are opposite. Other species in the new section are C. biserrata Hillebr., C. Conradtii Rock, C. Fauriei H. Levl., C. Grayana Hillebr. and 6 vars., C. longifolia Hillebr., var. degenerans (Wawra) C. B. Clarke, f. cymosa Rock, C. macrocalyx Hillebr.,C. montis-loa Rock, and
C. procera Hillebr.
‘Cyrtandra curvata sp. nov. Frutex est, ramulis badi-pilosis, foliis 4- (3-) verticillatis, petiolis 5-7 mm longis dense pilosis, laminis 10-14 & 2-2.6 cm plicatis et in aspectu ligulatis sed in verite anguste oblanceolati-oblongis acutis basi 6-8 mm lata sub- cordata infra dense pilosulis, cymis 3-5 cm longis 1-3- floriferispilosulis, pedicellis 7-15 mm longis, gem- mis campanulate lobis calycis adscendentibus, calycibus 16-17 mm longis pilosulis 3/4 partitis 5 lobis sub- aequalibus 11-13 mm longis oblanceolatis, corollis 22-24 mm longis tubo 17-18 mm longo pilosulo, 2 lobis superis 6 X 7 mm suborbtctlaribys. 2 lobis lateralibus 6 mm diametro suboricularibis. loba infere 7 x 6 mm suborbiculari.
Diagnosis of Holotype: Shrub 1.5 m tall; leafy shoot 4-6 mm in diameter, densely brown pilose; middle stem 6-7 mm in diameter , trom, smooth, somewhat fleshy and
476
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 477
. on drying with longitudinal ridges, glabrate; internodes 1.5-4 mm long; nodes scarcely enlarged; leaf scars 4-5 mm high, shieldshaped, pale; bundle scars 3; leaves 4- (3-) verticillate; leafy branches with 11 whorls of leaves; leaves at first ascending, later divergent, but downcurved and revolute, and thus appearing 7-9 mm wide, subsessile, the petioles 5-7 mm long, 2.5-3 mm in diameter, concealed by the dense brown pilosity; blades 1014 * 2-2.6 cm, but all plicate and appearing ligulate and less than half that width, very narrowly oblanceolate oblong, the apex acute, the base 6-8 mm wide, subcordate, fleshy, the outer half with minute curved subulate teeth, the secondary veins numerous and evident, above dark green, glabrous, below densely brown ascending pilosulous; cymes 3-5 cm long, 1-3-flowered; peduncle 6-10 mm long, appressed brown pilsulous; pedicels 7-15 mm long, appres- sed brown pilosulous; bracts 8-12 mm long, lanceolate, appressed brown pilosulous; buds campanulate, the calyx lobes ascending; calyx in antheses when fresh 16-17 mm long, green, campanulate, but cuneate at base, ascending, appresse brown pilosulous without, glabrous within, cleft 3/4 way, the tube 4-5 mm long, the 5 lobes subequal 11-13 mm long, 6 mm wide, elliptic oblanceolate, acute, -in fruit the lobes 14-15 mm long, 7 mm wide; corolla when fresh white, 22-24 mm long, the tube 17-18 mm long, 4 mm in diameter at base, 3 mm at the middle, 8 mm at the throat, gently downcurved at the middle, the enclos- ed part glabrous, the free part spreading pilosulous, within at the throat capitate glandular puberulous; the limb 2-lipped, 5-lobed, the 2 upper lobes 6-7 mn, suborbicular; lower lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes 6 mm in diameter, suborbicular; the lower lobe 7 xX 6 mn, suborbicular; (fruit not seen).
Expanded Description: Shrub 1-2 m tall; middle stem 4-7 mm in diameter; internodes 0.6-4 cm long; leafy branches with 8-11 whorls of leaves; petioles 3-7 mm long; blades 3-14X0.7-2.6 cm, the base 3-8 mm wide, secondary veins 8-10 in each half; cymes 1-3-flowered; peduncle 3-10 mm long; pedicels 7-17 mm long; bracts 5-12 mm long; corolla when dried 21 mm long; berry when dried 17 X 11 mm, broadly ovoid, acute, and including the 2-3 mm beack.
Holotypus: Hawaiian Islands, Molokai Island, Ditch Trail, Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley, rain forest, 3,600 £Ralt.., pec.| 24, 1953, Hv Se. JGhn«25,.223. (BISH)
aSpecimens Examined: Hawaiian Islands, Molokai Island, Kmoku Flats, common on moist shaed hillside, 3,400 ft
elev., 3 July 1964, M. R. Crosbay et al. 1,640; Nualele Valley Dark Gulch, March 18, 1952, O. Degener & A. Tam 22,211; head of Waikolu Valley, Hanalilililo, 3,750 ft
478 Poayyst96 Loe sta Vol. 63, No. 6
alt., Dec. 2),. 2932, H.. St... John. et) alu? 407; (oe Kaeha, Kawela, swampy forest, 3,900 ft alt., Dec. 23, 1932, St. John et al. 12,495; ridge betwen Hanlilolilo and Pepeopae, Waikolu Valley, Kawela, swanpy rain forest, 4,000 at alt., Dec.25, 1932, St. John et ale 12,588; s. w. slope of Puu Alii, Kawela, rain forest, 4,200 ft alt., Dec. 31, 1938, St.. John eh abipao peer Discussion: C. curvata is the type species of the new section Curvata. Its closest relative seems to be C. Grayana Hillebr., of west Maui, a species with the cymes 6-7 cm long, 5-7-flowered, corolla 18-20 mm long; leaves 4-6-verticillate, flat, 18-37 mm wide, cuneate at base, above sparsely pilosulous, and the petioles 2.5-9 cm long. C. curvata has the cymes 3-5 cm long, 1-3-flowered; corolla 22-24 mm long; leaves 4- (3-) ver- ticillate, folded and arcuate decurved, subcordate at base, 20-26 mm wide, above glabrous; and the petioles 5-7 mm long. The new types are in the Bishop Museum, Hon. The new epithet is the Latin adjective curvata, curved, and it applies to the curved blades.
C. anise sp. nov. Frutex est, ramulis pilosis, foliis.: 4-verticillatis, petiolis 16-28 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 6-9 X 1.8-2 cm coriaceis elliptico-lanceolatis subacutis basi cuneata decurrentisupra hirsutis infra pilosis, cymis 2-4 cm longis 5-7-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 5-16 mm longis, calycibus 13-14 mm longis pilosulis 4/5 fissis lobis superis 10-11 mm longis illis inferis 11-12 mm longis elliptico-oblongis subobtusis. Typus: Maui I., Ukumehame Gulch, H .St. Joh et al.
25,7 30.
C. calvicalycis sp. nov. Frutex ramosus est, novellis sericeis, foliis 4-verticillatis, petiolis 2-3.5 cm longis sericeis, laminis 7-10 %1.4-2.4 cm coriaceis oblanceolatis basi cuneata decurrentisupra hirsutulis infra sericeis, cymis 4-6 cm longis 3-floriferis seric- eis, pedicellis 10-18 mm longis, calycibus 15-16 mm lon- gis lobis 12-14 mm longis ellipticis acutis, corollis 27 mm longis. Typus: Maui I., Puu Kukui, F. R. Fosberg 10, 003%.
C. framea sp. nov. Ramulis hirsutis, foliis ternatis, petiolis 6-10 mm longis hirsutis, laminis 5-10 4 1.3-3.1 cm subcoriaceis oblanceolatis basi cuneata decurrenti infra pilosulis, cymis 3 cm longis 1-floriferis puber- ulis, pedicellis 13-17 mm longis, calycibus 19-21 mm longis puberulis lobis inferis 17 mm longisellipticis subacutis, corollis 27 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., F. R. Warshauer 2,421.
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra } 479
C. fulva sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis tern- atis, petiolis 14-20 mm longis ellipticis acutis basi cuneata decurrenti, cymis 3-7 cm longis 1-3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 4-22 mm longis, calycibus 26 mm longis pilosulis % lobatis lobis inferis 12 mm longis ovato-lanceolatis, corollis 20 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Kawela Gulch, L. E. Bishop 036903.
Cc. furfurosa sp. nov. Arbor 2-2.6 m alta est, novellis pilosulis, foliis ternatis, petiolis 15-45 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 12.5-15 %&3.7-5.5 cm oblanceolatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulistinfra pilosulis, cymis 5 cm longis 7-floriferis pilosulis caulifloribus, pedicellis 7-13 mm longis pilosulis, calycibus 12-13 mmm longis pilosulis lobis 11-12 mm longis spathulato- Oblanceolatis, corollis 22 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Waikolu Valley, M. R. Crosby & Anderson 1,685.
C. Grayana Hillebr., var. caudata var, nov. A var. lanaiensis Rock differt in calycibus 23-25 mm longis lobis 21-23 mm longis caudatis. Typus: Lanai I., Puu Aalii, F. R. Fosberg 12,474.
C. Grayana Hillebr., var. Fosbergii var. nov. A var. lanaiensis differt in lobis calycis 20-22 mm longis caudatis, laminis infra moderatim adpresse sericeis. Typus: Lanai I., Puu Aalii, F. R. Fosberg 12,474A.
C. hematos sp. nov. Ramulae glabrae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 4-5.5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 7-10.5 & 2.6-4 cm subcoriaceis oblanceolatis basi
cuneata supra pilosulis infra puberulis sed nervis ‘ pilosulis, cymis 3-4 cm longis 1-floriferis hirsut- ulis, pedicellis 12-17 mm longis, calycibus 15-17 mm longis puberulis lobis 2.5-3 mm longis ellipticis, cor- ollis 22 mm longis glabris loba infera 9 © 10 mm suborbiculari. Typus: Molokai I., Transect 21, Eo eR.) Warshanes 27935).
C. Higashinoi sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis 4-verticillatis, petiolis 15-33 mm longis villosis, laminis 7-12.22 d¥< 2.3-3.8 cm subcoriaceis lanceolatis acuminatis supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis midnervo piloso, cymis 2.5-5 cm longis 3-floriferis villosis, pedicellis 12-17 mm longis, calycibus 14-17 mm longis Pilosis lobis 13-15 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 28-30 mm longis pilosis loba infera 6 mm diametro suborbiculari. Typus: Maui I., Kahikinui,
P. K. Higashino 9,226.
C. inaequalis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 10-30 mm longis glabris, laminis 9-16 X 3.5-5 cm oblanceolatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra nervis hirsutulis infra nervis hirsutulis, cymis 5.5 cm longis 3-floriferisglabris, pedicellis 5-6 mm longis, calycibus 16-19 mm longis glabris lobis inferis
480 POH ¥ TO L OG iA Vol. 63, No. 6
8-11 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 34 mm longis glabris. Typus: Molokai I., Transect 1, F. R. Warshauer 2,426.
C. kalaeensis sp. nov. Arbor est, novellis puberulis, foliis ternatis, petiolis 4-32 mm longis pilosulis, lam- inis 2.2-9.8X 1-3.4 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cune- atasupra hirsutulis infra puberulis sed nervis pilosulis, cymis 2.5-4.5 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosulis, ped- icellis 6-16 mm longis, calycibus 9-10.5 mm longis pil- osulis 4/5 lobatis lobis 8-9 mm longis oblanceolatis, corollis 13-15 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Kalae, J. F. Rock 14.047.
C. kamokuensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 12-22 mm longis pilosulis, laminis ~ 4.3-14 *1.5-4 cm oblanceolatis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis sed nervis villosis, cymis 5-7.5 cm longis 1l-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 14-30 mm longis, calycibus 23-26 mm longis pilosulis lobis inferis 5-9 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 27 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 6 *5 mm suborbiculari. Typus: Molokai I., Kamoku Camp,
J We soRock 6,118:
C. kirrhe sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 2.5-3 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 9-13 XX 2.1-2.8 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 5-7 cm longis 1-3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 6-22 mm longis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis pilosulis 6/7 lobatis lobis 11-13 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 26-27 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., Puu Kukui,
L. M. Cranwell et al. 2,653.
C. leiocalyx sp. mov. NYovellae pilosulae sunt, foliis 4-verticillatis, petioli,a-4.2 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 5.5-8.7 X 2-3.2 cm supra hirsutulis infra nervis hirsutulis, cymis 2.5-3 cm longis 1-floriferis glabris, pedicellis 8-9 mm longis, calycibus 11 mm longis lobis 8-9 mm longis oblanceolatis, corollis 24 mm longis glabris. Typus: Molokai I., Kaluaaha Valley C. N. Forbes 450.Mo.
©. monanthe sp. nov. Ramulae pilosulae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 1.5-5.3 cm longis, laminis 6-9.7 XK 2-3.2 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra pilosulis, cymis 5-8 cm longis 1-florif- eris hirsutulis, pedicellis 18-27 mm longis, calycibus 16-18 mm longis hirsutulis lobis 14-16 mm longis lanceo- latis, corollis 21-22 mm longis hirsutulis, loba infera 6 mm longa ovata. Typus: Molokai I., Transect 2,
F. R. Warshauer 2,363.
C. olaaensis sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 2-5.5 cm longis villosis, laminis 6.5-16.5& 2.3-6.1 cmellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 481
decurrenti supra midnervo hirsutulo, infra nervis pilosis, cymis 2.5-5 cm longis 3-5-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 15-22 mm longis, calycibus 20 mm longis pilosis 2/3 lob- atis lobis 15-17 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 18-19 mm longis. Typus: Olaa, Kulani Trail, H. St. John 24,974. Cc. olokuiensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 2-3.3 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 5.2-10.7 X 2.5-4 cm subcoriaceis oblanceolatis subacum- inatis basi cuneata decurrentisupra hirsutis infre nervis hirsutis, cymis 5 cm longis 2-floriferis pilosulis, pedrellis 15-20 mm longis, calycibus 9 mm longis pilosulis lobis 7-8.5 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 22 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Olokui,
P. K. Higashino 9,400.
C. pepeopaeensis sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis 4-verticillatis, petiolis 1.5-3 mm longis, laminis 5-8.5 >< 0.9-1.5 cm oblanceolatis falcatis supra glabris infra pilosulis, cymis 3-4 cm longis 1-floriferishirsut- ulis, pedicellis 13-17 mm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longishirsutulis 11/12 lobatis lobis 9-12 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 20-22 mm longis hirsutulis. Typus: Molokai I., Pepeopae Bog, J. Davis & P. Kores 59.
C. prasina sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 2-4.5 cm longis pilosis, laminis 7.5=13.5- 2.5-4 cm oblanceolatis subacuminatis basi cuneata supra pilosulis infra pilosulis sed nervis pilosis, cymis 1-3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 6-14 mm longis, calycibus 15-19 mm longis puberulis 7/8 lobatis lobis 13-16 mm longis spathulatis. Typus:
Hawaii I., Mountain View, W. Gagne 659.
C puuensis sp. nov. Novellaepilosulo-tomentosae sunt, foliis 6-verticillatis, petiolis 12-20 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 5.7-9.5 <1.1-2.1 cm coriaceis ellipticis acutis basi cuneata supra pilosis infra pilosulo-tomentosis, cymis caulifloribus 3.5-4.5 cm longis 3-7-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 6-9 mm longis, calycibus 10-11 mm longis 4/5 lobatis pilos- ulis lobis 7-9 mm longis ellipticis, corollis 20-21 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Maui I., Puu Kukui,
M. R. Crosby & W. R. Anderson 1,847,
C. stenohede sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 1-2 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 14-22 *& 4.6-8.6 cm ellipticis acuminatis tertia basali anguste cuneata supra hirsutulis infra nervis hirsut- ulis, cymis 5-6.5 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 10-27 mm longis, calycibus 16-20 mm longis pilosulis lobis inferis 11 mm longis lanceo-subulatis, corollis 22-25 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Holokaiea, J. F. Rock 4,075.
482 P HEY. TO, G0) GTA Vol. 63, No. 6
C. subaequalis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 2-4.5 cm longis pilosis, laminis 7.5-13.5 y—-2.5-4 cm oblanceolatis subacuminatispasi cuneata supra pilosulis infra pilosulis, cymis 1-3-flor- iferisbilosis, pedicellis 6-14 mm longis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Keaau,
W. C. Gagne 659.
C. subcalva sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis 4-verticillatis, petiolis 1.5-3 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 7-14.5 <1.8-3.2 cm oblanceolatis acuminatis basi cuneata et decurrenti supra midnervo puberulo infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 3.5-4 cm longis 1-flor- iferis pilosulis, pedicellis 4-8 mm longis, calycibus 25-26 mm longis pilosulis 2/5 lobatis lobis 12-17 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 25 mm longis glabris. Typus: Molokai I., Wailau, H..St. Johnietval: Wisicovee
C. subtilis sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis ternatis inaequalibus, petiolis 1.5-3.5 cm longis, laminis 6-10.5 3 2.4-4.5 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata, cymis 4-10 cm longis 2-3-floriferis hir- sutulis, pedicellis 13-27 mm longis, calycibus 16-18 mm longis hirsutulis lobis 13-14 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 19 mm longis hirsutulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 67, F. R. Warshauer 2,014.
C. subviridis sp nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis 3-4-verticillatis, petiolis 1.4-4.8 cm longis pilosis, laminis 6.5-11 cm longis subcoriaceis fusiformibus acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra tomentosis, cymis caulifloribus 3-6 cm longis 9-13-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 8-13 mm longis, calycibus 15 mm longis pilosulis 5/6 lobatis lobis 12-13 mm longis ellipticis acutis, corollis 25 mm longis hirsutis. Typus: Maui I., Hanaula, K. Nagata UP aa
C. tenuis sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 5-7 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 14-17 ¥< 3.3-4.3 cm coriaceis oblanceolatis subacuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra tomentos- is, cymis 5 cm longis 7-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 12-17 mm longis, calycibus 15-17 mm longis pilosulis, lobis 10-15 mm longis ellipticis, corollis 21-22 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Puu Kolekole,
C. N. Forbes 147a.Mo.
C. tetraphylla sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis 4-verticillatis, petiolis 1.2-2.2 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 5-9 « 1.7-2.6 cm coriaceis oblanceo- latis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosis, cymis 3-5 cm longis 3-5-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 8-15 mm longis, calycibus 14 mm longis pilosulis lobis inferis 8-10 mm longis ovatis acutis, corollis 26-30
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 483
mm long. Typus, Maui I., Puu Kukui, F. R. Warshauer 3,044.
C. triados sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 5-9 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 16-20 ~ 5.1-7 cm subcoriaceis @lipticis acutis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 6-9 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicel- lis 7-25 mm longis, cailycibus 17-20 mm longis pilos- ulis lobis 14-18 mm longis ellipticis, corollis 35 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Transect 9,
L. Stemmermann 3,862. .
C. trifida sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 8-25 mm longis hirsutis, laminis 4.5-10.5 X 1.5-4 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi cunea- ta supra hirsutis infra nervis hirsutis, cymis 4.5-7 cm longis 3-5-floriferis hirsutis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis hirsutis 4/5 lobatis lobis 10-12 mm longis lan- ceolatis, corollis 15-16 mm longis. Typus: Hawaii I., Puurhualalai, He St. wohnel tsi te:
C. triplex sp. mov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 4-20 mm longis puberulis, laminis 3.2-9.7 * 1.1-3.3 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra puberulis, cymis 3.5-5 cm longis l-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 15-25 mm longis, calycibus 14-15 mm longis puberulis lobis 12-13 mm longis oblanceolatis, corollis 17-18 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Molokai I., Kalae, C. N. Forbes 30.Mo.
C. ustulata sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis ternatis, petiolis 1.5-3.5 cm longis pilosis, laminis 8-13 \ 2.5-4 cm fusiformibus subacuminatis basi cuneata supra pilosis infra pilosulis, cymis 5 cm longis 2-flor- iferis pilosis, pedicellis 10-15 mm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis pilosulis lobis 8-9 mm longis lanceo-ov- atis. Typus: Maui I., Wailaulau Gulch, A. C. Medeiros 2a4 3
C. vestigii sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis 3-4-verticillatis, petiolis 2-3 cm longis pilosis, lam- inis 5-9 X 1.2-3.5 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis nervis pilosis, cymis 2.5-3 cm longis 3-5-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 2-8 mm longis, calycibus 11-12 mm longis 4/5 lobatis pilosulis lobis 9-10 mm longis oblanceolatis, corollis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I., Mapulehu, H. St. John &
F. R. Fosberg 12,903.
C. vulsa sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis ter- natis, petiolis 3-6.5 cm longis pilosis, laminis 13-16 x 4-8 cm coriaceis ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata supra midnervo pilosulo infra pilosulis, cymis 4-4.5 cm longis 3-5-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 10-17 mm longis, calycibus 15-17 mm longis pilosis lobis 11-14 mm longis lanceolatis. Typus: Hawaii I.,
Palakea Forest, C. N.. Forbes 996.H.
484 PUH Yet OL IONG FIA Vol. 63, No. 6
ADDENDUM
C. hanaulaensis sp. nov. Ramulae pilosulae sunt, foliis 3-4-verticillatis inaequalibus, petiolis 2.5-5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 7-13.5 & 1.9-3.5 cm ob- lanceolatis acutis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsut- ulis infra pilosis, cymis 5-7 cm longis 7-10-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 6-12 mm longis, calycibus 14-16 mm longis pilosulis lobis 10-12 mm longis ellipticis subacutis, corollis 23-25 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 10-11 * 8-9 mm elliptica. Typus: Maui I., Hanaula, H. St. John 26,880.
DIAGNOSES OF CYRTANDRA SPECIES (GESNERIACEAE) SECTION MICROCALYCES
HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 155
Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817,USA
Séction Microcalyces of Cyrtandra is a small one, con- tining 4 species and 1 variety on Oahu, and 1 species and 1 variety on Hawaii. To these eight species are here added.
The types of the following species are in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, unless otherside indicated.
Cyrtandra ataute sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 4-8 cm longis pilosis, laminis 7.5=11 X 5-7 cm coriaceis ellipticis basi cuneata et breve decurrenti apice acuminato supra intervallis pilosis et midnervo et nervis principalibus dense pilosis, cymis l-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 12-15 mm longis, calycibus 15 mm longis pilosis tubo 7 mm longo lobis lanceolatis subobtusis pilosis 2 lobis superis 7 mm longis 3 lobis inferis 8 mm longis, corollis 14 mm longis. Typus: Hawaii I., Stainback Hwy., Mary A. B. Lee l.
Cyrtandra deltoidea sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolois 2.5-3.5 cm longishirsutis, laminis 10.5-12.3X% 4-5 cm ellipticis apice acuminato basi cuneata infra neryvis pilosulis, cymis 5 cm longis (1-) 5-floriferis piloplis, pedicellis 7-17 mm longis, calycibus 14 mm longis pilosulis tubo 8-10 mm longo 5 lobis 5-6.5 mm longis subaequalibus deltoideis, corollis 30 mm longis. Typus: Hawaii I. Park Jct., M. R Crosby & W. R. Anderson 1,964.
Cyrtanda exilis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 4-9 cm longis pilosis, laminis 8.5-13 x 4-6.4 cm ellipticis apice acuminato basi cuneata et breve decurrenti supra hirsutis infra hirsut- ulis nervis hirsutis, cymis 2-2.5 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 11 mm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis + lobatis 5 lobis 5-6 mm longis lanceolatis subobtusis, corollis 16 mm longis puberulis tubo 12 mm longo 2 lobis superis 4 mm longis suborbicularibus, loba infera 5 mm longa semiorbiculari. Typus: Hawaii I., Kulani,
Ha) St. Jonn (255337.
Cyrtandra hesperia sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae Sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 2-5.5 cmlongis hirsutulis, laminis 7-11 ® 2.5-4.6 cm fusiformi-elliptic- is varie oblanceolatis acuminatis basi cuneata hirsutulis infra hirsutulis, cymis 4-5 cm longis 2-3-floriferis
485
486 Je jst Sf ath (0) jy (0) Ce al Vol. 63, No. 6
puberulis, pedicellis 10-14 mm longis, calycibus 15-18 mm longis puberulis, tubo 7-8 mm longo lobis lineari-lanceo- latis eis superis 10-11 mm longis, corollis 19-21 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Hookena, F. R. Warsh- aurer 1,932,
Cyrtandra lalaensis sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2-11.5 cm longis villosis, laminis 7.5-26X 4-15 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cun- eata supra hirsutis infra hirsutulis nervis hirsutis, cymis 6-8 cm longis 5-floriferis villosis, pedicellis 10-28 mm longis, calycibus 9-10 mm longis pilosulis. lobis 2.5-6.5 mm longis deltoideis ad lanceolatis, cor- ollis 23 mm longis pilosulis. Typus:Hawaii I., Puu Lala, Hest. SOnnvet’ palin u22,.50S.
Cyrtandra simulata sp. nov. Novallae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 5-9 cm longis, laminis 8-10.5 3% 4.5-7 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosis, cymis 3-flor- iferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 5-8 mm longis, calycibus 9-10 mm longis hirsutulis tubo 5 mm longo lobis 5 mm longis lanceolatis hirsutulis, corollis 12 mm longis hirsutulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Stainback Hwy.,
Mary A. B. Lee.
Cyrtandra triangularis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-4 cm longis pilosis, lamin- is 9-11 *< 7-7.3 cm subcoriaceis ellipticis acuminatis basi subcordata supra hirsutis infra pilosis, cymis 6 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 20 mm longis, calycibus 9 mm longis pilosis lobis 4 mm longis deltoid- eis subobtusis. Typus: Hawaii I., Laupahoehoe, W. Wong (HAW).
Cyrtandra waipioensis sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-7 cm longis villosis, lam- inis 5-17 & 3.5-9.8 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra pilosulis, cymis 5-8 cm longis 2-5-floriferis villosis, pedicellis 12-25 mm longis, calycibus 11-14 mm longis villosis lobis 4-5 mm longis lanceo-ovatis, corollis 13-16 mm longis villosis. Typus: Hawaii I., Waipio, Upper Hamakua Ditch TRail,
Heist... vohnset vali),453):
DIAGNOSES OF CYRTANDRA SPECIES (GESNERIACEAE) SECTION CROTONOCALYCES HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 156
Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA
As recently known Cyrtandra, section Crotonocalyces, had 6 species on Kauai, 5 species and 7 varieties on Maui, 1 species on Lanaiand 3 species and 5 varieties on Hawaii. To these there are here added 12 species each on Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii.
The types are in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
Cyrtandra acmule sp. nov. Folia opposita sunt, petiolis 2-4.5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 8-12 ¥ 4-5.2 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata supra pilosulis infra pilosulis, cymis 3.4-4.5 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 4-17 mm longis, calycibus 7.5-8 mm longis pilosulis3/4 lobatis lobis 4.7-5 mm longis ovatis acutis. Typus: Maui I., W. H. Hatheway 457A.
Cyrtandra capitata sp. nov. Novellae sericeo-pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 10-22 mm longis sericeo-pilosulis, laminis 9.4-20.4 %4-7.2 cm ellipticis acuminatis parte 1/6 basali anguste cuneata supra hirsutulis, cymis 4-4.5 cm longis 1-2-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 6-9 mm longis, calycibus 21-25 mm longis pilosulis lobis inferis 16 mm longis ovatis, corollis 33 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I.,
Transect 4, F. R. Warshauer 2,832.
Cyrtandra alaustri sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1-4 mm longis pilosis, lamin- is 8-16 x 4.8-8 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi subrotun- data cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis, infra pilosulis, cymis 2.5-3 cm longis l1-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 2 mm longis, calycibus 17-18 mm longis pilosis tubo 7-8 mm longo lobis 9-11 mm longis lanceolatis. Typus:
Kauai I., Wainiha, B. C. Stone 1,489.
Cyrtanidra conferta sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis subcoriaceis inaequalibus, petiolis 15-30 mm long- is pilosulis, laminis 4.3-11X 1.6-4.6 cm ellipticis sub- acuminatis basi cuneata infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 4-5 cm longis 4-5-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 8-14 mm longis, calycibus 11-12 mm longis pilosulis tubo 6-7 mm longo lobis lanceolatis eis inferis 7 mm longis, corollis 20-21 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 7 mm longa oblate elliptica. Typus: Hawaii I.,
Kiolaka'a, J.Davis 495.
487
488 POH ay <TD (O0L0 (GC ervA Vol. 63, No. 6
Cyr'tandra cordata sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-9 cm longis villosis, lam- inis 6-11 X¥ 5.5-9 cm subcoriaceis cordate suborbicular- ibusbubacuminatis villosis, cymis 3-4.5 cm longis 3-7- floriferis villosis, pedicellis 5-10 mm longis, calyci- bus 8.5-12 mm longis villosis lobis 4.5-5 mm longis ovat- is acutis, corollis 15 mm longis. Typus: Maui I., Puu Pani, C. N. Forbes 1,885.M.
Cyrtandra crinalis sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, petiolis 4-6 cm longis villosis, laminis 10-13 X 8-9.5 cm suborbicularibus acuminatis basi rotundata supra hir- sutis infra pilosis nervis villosis, cymis 1.5-2.5 cm longis 5-floriferis villosis, pedicellis 1-2 mm longis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis pilosis tubo 5-6 mm longo lobis inferis 8-9 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis pil- osulis. Typus: Maui I., Puu Kukui, P. K. Higashino 9,477.
Cyrtandra glabriflora sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1-2 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 12-17 X 4-6 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra pilosis infra pilosulis, cymis 3.5-4 cm longis 1-3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicel- lis 11-12 mm longis, Calycibus 24-25 mm longis pilosu- lis tubo 11. mm longo lobis 12-13 mm longis ovate lanceo- latis sed apice subulato, corollis 27 mm longis glabris. Typus: Kauai I., Hanakapiai, S. Perlman 475.
Cyrtandra glenwoodensis sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1.5-6.5 cm longis hir- sutis, laminis 4-14 & 1.5-5.3 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis ,infra hirsutulis, cymis 4-7 cm longis 3-5-floriferishirsutulis, petiolis 1-2.5 cm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis hirsutis tubo 5 mm longs lobis 7-8 mm longis lanceolatis. Typus: Hawaii I.,Kalanilehua, W. M. Giffard (Rock) 13,094.
Cyrtandra henanthe sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis opppositis, petiolis 2-7 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 6-17 M 4-11 cm ellipticis vel ovatis acuminatis basi cuneata et decurrenti supra hirsutis infra pilosulis, cymis 2-2.4 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 2 cm longis, calycibus 22 mm longis pilosis lobis 7 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 22 mm longis. Typus: Kauai I., Wainiha, H. St. John & F. R. Fosberq 3,077.
Cyrtanidra hilosasis: sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 6-8 mm longis hirsutis, laminis 12.7-18 3€ 7-10 cm membranaceis ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra hirsutis, cymis 3-4 cm longis 3-5-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 7-12 mm longis, calycibus 13-14 mm longis hirsutis lobis 6-7 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 16 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Hilo, L. H. MacDaniels 237.
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 489
Cyrtandra humifusa sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 10-32 mm longis pilosis, laminis 5-10 *(2.8-5.6 cm ellipticis acutis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosis sed nervis hirsut- ulis, cymis 2.5 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 7 mm longis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis pilosis lobatis lobis ovatis subacutis eis superis 6 mm longis illis infer- is 8-9 mm longis, corollis 23-24 mm ia aaEeL mG loba infera 7 X9 mm oblate semiorbicularis. Typus: Maui I., Ukumehame, H. St. John et al. 25,741.
Cyrtandra imparifolia sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 10-27 mm longis villosis, lam- inis 10.5-20.5 3 4-6.6 cm oblanceolatis acuminatisbasi cuneata et decurrenti supra pilosis infra pilosis sed nervis villosis, cymis 4-6 cm longis 2-3-floriferigvill- osis, pedicellis 16-22 mm longis, calycibus 12 mm longis villosis 2/5 lobatis lobis 5-6 mm longis semiorbicular- ibus acutis, corollis 20-22 mm longis villosis loba in- fera 7 mm longa suborbiculari. Typus: Kauai I., Wainiha, C. & H. Christensen 263.
Cyrtandra imparis sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 6-12 cm longis villosis, laminis 12-25 X 8-15 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra villosis infra pilosis sed nervis villosis, cymis 6.5-8 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 20-23 mm longis, calycibus 7-7.5 mm longis 2/3 lobatis pilosis, lobis 4.5-5 mm longis ovato-del- toideis acuminatis. Typus: Maui I., Makamakaole Stream, W. H. Hatheway 457.
Cyrtandra ise sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis opppositis, petiolis 2-5.5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 4.5-8 © 2.8-5.9 cm ovatis acutigbasi subcordata supra pilosulis infra glandulose pilosulis sed nervis pilosis, cymis 3-4 cm longis 5-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 5-12 mm longis, calycibus 8-9 mm longis glandulose pilosis lobis 5 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis pilosulis.
Typus: Maui I., Olowalu, C. N. Forbes 2,393.M.
Cyrtandra kaiholenaensis sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis oppositis subinaequalibus, petiolis 2.5-
5.5 em longis hirsutulis, laminis 8-13 X 3.5-7.3 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis
infra hirsutulis, cymis 5-6.5 cm longis 3-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 18-20 mm longis, calycibus
9.5 mm longis hirsutulis lobis 4-5 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 13 mm longis hirsutulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Kaiholena, J. D. Jacobi 684,
Cyrtandra limahuliensis sp. nov. MNovellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1.5-3.2 cm longis pilosis, laminis 10-13.5 ® 6.3-7.5 cm elliptics vel ovatis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra pilosulis
490 PAH YieT20 (LYON Galea Vol. 63, No. 6
nervis pilosis, cymis 2.5-3.2 cm longis 1-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 1 mm longis, calycibus 21-24 mm longis hirsutis lobis 7-12 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 24-28 mm longis hirsutis, Typus: Kauai I., Limahuli,
S. Perlman et al. 223.
Cyrtandra lumahaiensis sp. nov. Novellae piloulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1.7-6 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 7.5~26 * 5-14 cm ellipticis acumin- atis basi cuneata et decurrenti supra pilosulis infra puberulis, pedicellis 1-3 mm longis puberulis, calyc- ibus 20 mm longis puberulis lobis 9 mm longis lanceo-— latis, corollis 26 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Kauai I, Cc. Christensen 204,
Cyrtandra makalehaensis sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 22-28 mm longis villosis, laminis 14-23 % 4.5-6.5 cm subcoriaceis ellip- tuici-lanceolatis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsut- ulis infra pilosis, cymis 2.5-4 cm longis 3-floriferis villosis, pedicellis 7-12 mm longis, calycibus 12-14 mm longis villosis lobis 5 mm longis semiorbicularibus, corollis 20 mm longis villosis. Typus: Kauai I., Makaleha, R. Hobdy 112.
Cyrtandra monadantha sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 15-30 mm longis pilosis, laminis 7-15 *& 5.3-6.8 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis sed nervis pils osis, cymis 22 mm longis 1-floriferis pilosis, pedicel- lis 3 mm longis, calycibus 16 mm longis pilosis ¥ lob- atislobis 9 mm longis oblanceolatis. Typus: Kauai I., Lumahai, C. Christensen 227.
Cyrtandra obmalaris sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, laminis 28-32 X 7.5-10.5 cm sub- sessilibus oblanceolatis acuminatis basi subligulata supra pilosulis infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 6-7.5 cm longis 5-9-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 10-20 mm lon- is, calycibus 15-19 mm longis pilosulis 2/3 lobatis lobis lanceolatis eis superis 6 mm longis illis infer- is 10 mm longis, corollis 20 mm longis glabris. Typus: Maus La, in? 192.0), Gs2N. Forbes).
Cyrtandra ovatiloba sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 5-8 cm longis villosis, lam- inis 11-11.5 X¥ 8-10 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi rotundata supra hirsutulis infra pilosis nervis villosis, cymis 9.5-11 cm longis 3-floriferis villosis, pedicellis 16-20 mm longis, calycibus 16-17 mm longis villosis lobis 6-7 mm longis ovatis, corollis 24 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., Amalu, Haelaau,
QO. Selling & C. Skottsberg 2,730.
Cyrtandra paris sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt,
foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-4.5 cm longis hirsutis,
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra . 491
laminis 7.5-12.5 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra nervis hirsutis, cymis 4-7 mm longis 3-5-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 17-23 mm longis, cal- ycibus 16-19 mm longis hirsutis 5 lobis 7-9 mm longis lanceolatis. Typus: Hawaii I., Kapapala, C. N. Forbes 377,H,
Cyrtandra petila sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 4.5-11 cm longis hirsutulis, laminis 11-18 & 7-10.5 cm ellipticisacumin- atisbasi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 6-7 cm longis 2-3-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 17-27 mm longis, calycibus 17-15 mm longis pilosulis lobis 8-9 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 19 mm longis pilos- ulis loba infera 4 » 5.5 mm reniformi. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 23, F. R. Warshauer 1,585.
Cyrtandra pilosula sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis paulum inaequalibus, petiolis 1.2-3.5 cm longis piiosulis, laminis 5-9.7 * 2.2-4.2 cm ellip- ticis suacuminatis basi cuneata supra midnervo pilosulo infra pilosulis, cymis 2-2.5 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 8-12 mm longis, calycibus 11-12 mm longis pilosulis lobis 9 mm longis ovatis mucronatis, corollis 15 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Hawaii I., OlaaFlume, C. N. Forbes 664.H.
Cyrtandra pluviosa sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 6-10 cm longis pilosis, lam- inis 16.5-21> 10.5-15 cm ovatis acuminatis basi rotun- data supra hirsutis infra pilosis, cymis 4-5 cm longis 1-4-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 15-20 mm longis, calycibus 13 mm longis hirsutis lobis 8 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 19 mm longis pilosis loba in- fera 6 * 7 mm renifori. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 17, F. R. Warshauer 1,572.
Cyrtandra quiritis sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 12-25 mm longis villosis, laminis 9.5-12 * 2.2-3.2 cm coriaceis lanceolatis acutis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra villosis, cymis 8-9 cm longis 2-floriferidgvillosis, pedicellis 25-35 mm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis villosis lobis 2-3 mm longis deltoideis. Typus: Kauai I.,
Wahiawa Mts., C. N. Forbes 223.K.
Cyrtandra runae sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 12-31 mm longis pilosis, laminis 7-12.5 * 4-7 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata et decurrenti supra hirsutis infra pilosis, cymis 3 cm longis 1-floriferis pil- osis, pedicelliis 3 mm longis, calycibus 19 mm longis pilosis lobis 7-9 mm longis lanceolatis. Typus:
Kauai I., Anahola, R. Hobdy 188.
492 PH XO) 10) (GEA Vol. 63, No. 6
Cyrtandra septemiflora sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1.4-2.7 cm longis pilosis, laminis 11-30 »*. 3.4-9 cm oblanceolatis acumin- atis basi longe cuneata et decurrenti supra hirsutis infra pilosulis, cymis 7-8 cm longis 5-7-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 2-3.5 cm longis, calycibus 13 mm longis pil- osis lobis 4 mm longis deltoideo-ovatis, corollis 20 mm longis extra glabris. Typus: Kauai I., Kamilomilo, H..St..John et.al. _23,128.
Cyrtandra spissa sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1-5 cm longis pilosis, laminis 8-18.5 X 5-9 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata et decurrenti supra hirsutis infra pilosulis, cymis 1.5-1.8 cm longis l1-floriferis pilosis, pedunculo et pedicello 1.5-4 mm longis, calycibus 25 mm longis hirsutis lobis 11-12 mm longis lanceolatis pilosis, corollis 22 mm longis glabris. Typus: Kauai I., C. Christensen 238.
Cyrtandra Stemmermannae sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis opppositis, petiolis 2.3-4 cm longis pil- osulis, laminis 10.3-13 X 4.4-6 cm subcoriaceis ellip- ticisacuminatis basi cuneatasupra pilosulis infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 3-7 cm longis 1-7-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 10-22 mm longis, calycibus 15-18 mm longis pilosulis, lobis inferis 7-8 mm longis lanco- latis, corollis 22-23 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 8 >. 7 mm ovata. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 40,
L. Stemmermann 3,804.
Cyrtandra subsolana sp. nov. Novellae subglabrae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1.5-4.5 cm longis in initio subhirsutulis, laminis 5.3-13.5%X% 2.3-6.1 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra midnervo hirsutulo infra nervis hirsutulis, cymis 4-4.5 cm longis 3-floriferis, pedicellis subhirsut- ulis, calycibus 15-20 mm longis hirsutulis lobis inferis 9-12 mm longis ovatis, corollis 24-25 mm longis hirsutis loba infera 7 mm diametro obbicu- lari. Typus: Maui I., Transect 6, F. R. Warshauer 2 p6L 2s
Cyrtandra sylvestris sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1.5-6.5 cm lengis pilosulis, laminis 375-17. 52)1<9-9. 63em ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsut- ulis infra pilosulis, umbellis 6-7 cm longis, pedicel- lis 15-22 mm longis, calycibus 15-17 mm longis pil- osulis lobis lanceolatis eis inferis 8-9 mm longis. Typus: Hawaii I., Wood Valley,
F. R. Warshauer 1,781.
Cyrtandra trina sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt,
foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 2.5-5 cm longis
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 493
pilosis, laminis 5.3-10.5 & 2.5-4.7 cm ellipticis acumin- atis basi cuneata supra et infra hirsutis, cymis 4-5 cm longis 3-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 8-13 mm longis, calycibus 10-11 mm longis hirsutis lobis 5-6 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 15 mm longis hirsutulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 67, F. R ,.Warshauer 2,023.
Cyrtandra ustulata sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2.7-4 cm longis pilosis, laminis 8-9 X 3.5-4.8 cm subcoriaceis ellipticis acumin- atis basi subcordata supra et infra pilosulis, cymis 7 cm longis 5-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 13-17 mm longis, calycibus 19-20 mm longis pilosulis lobis inferis 9-10 mm longis ovato-deltoideis, corolis 27 mm longis pilosulis, Typus: Maui I., Transect 1l, F. R. Warshauer 2903.
Cyrtandra waiakeaensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 5-11.5 cm longis, laminis 7.5-14.5 » 4.5-9 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra hirsutulis, cymis 3-6 cm longis 3-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 17-22 mm longis, calycibus 11 mm longis hirsutulis lobis 5 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 14 mm longis hirsutis. Typus: Hawaii I., Kulani, H. St. John 22:;,341,
Cyrtandra waiheae (Rock) comb. nov.
C. Pickeringii A. Gray, var. waineae Rock, Am. Journ. Hot; * 529276=277, 19LR:
DIAGNOSES OF CYRTANDRA SPECIES (GESNERIACEAE) SECTION SCHIZOCALYCES HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 157
Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 19000A. Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA
As previously known the section Schizocalyces of Cyrtandra contained 5 species on Kauai, 33 species and 3 varieties on Oahu, 2 species and 1 variety on Molokai, 3 species and 5 varieties on Hawaii. To these are here added 41 species and 1 variety. The types are in the Bishop Mueum, Honolulu, unless otherwise indicated.
C. ahome sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-9 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 9-18 & 4.5-7 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 7.5-8 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 20-30 mm longis, calycibus 16-17 mm longis pilosulis lobis 13-14 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 20 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 69,
F. R. Warshauer 2,015.
C. albula sp nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 7-15 mm longis pil- osis, laminis 3.2-10.5 & 1.1-3.5 cm ellipticis subacum- inatis basi cuneata supra puberulis infra puberulis, cymis 3-5.5 cm longis 1-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 15-20 mm longis, calycibus 20-22 mm longis 8/9 partitis lobis 15-20 mm longis lanceolatis obtusis puberulis, corollis 20 mm longis ¥% partitis loba infera 8 >, 7 mm elliptica. Typus: Maui I, Honokohau Stream, H. St. John 21,308.
C. anaxie sp. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1-2.5 cm longis puber- ulis, laminis 4.5-10.5 * 1.6-3.9 cm fusiformibus acum- inatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra nervis pub- erulis, cymis 5-6 cm longis 2-floriferig>uberulis, pedicellis 7-23 mm longis, calycibus 7-8 mm longis puberulis lobis ligulato-lanceolatis eis superis 5.5-6 mm longis, corollis 10 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Puu Makaala, K. Nagata 1,884.
C. austrohiloensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2-5 cm longis pilosis, lsm- inis 5.7-10.1 X 2.8-7 cm ellipticis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra pilosulis nervis pilosis, cymis 3-4 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 10-17 mm longis, calycibus 20 mm longis pilosis 4/5 partitis lobis 16 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 20 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 6 % 5 mm suborbiculari. Typus: Hawaii I.,
494
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 495
Waiakea, Saddle Road, H. St. John et al. 22,396.
C. badia sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2.8-7 cm longis hirsutis, laminis 8-16 \ 3.5-6.2 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra hirsutulis, cymis 4.5 cm longis l-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 14 mm longis, cal- ycibus 16 mm longis lobis 13-14 mm longis ligulate oblanceolatis, corollis 15 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Hawdi I., Hawaii Natl. Park, G. 0. Fagerlund & Mitchel 580.
“CC. biserrata sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 15-43 mm longis hirsutis, laminis 7-15 & 3-7.5 cm fusiformi-ellipticis acutis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra pilosulis sed nervis pilosis, cymis 5-6 cm longis 1-2-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 18-20 mm longis, calycibus 18-21 mm longis lobis 15-18 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 24 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 9 X 12 mm reniformi. Typus: Molokai I., F. R. Warshauer 2,442.
C. brunnea sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 18-30 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 6.8-8.3 S2.7-5.9 cm oblanceolatis acuminatis basi cuneata supra subglabra infra pilosulis, cymis 4-6 cm longis 1-4-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 15-27 mm longis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis pilosulis lobis infer- is 11 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 18 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 29, F. R. Warshauer 1,660.
C. callaina sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2-3.5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 4.5-11* 1.6-4.5 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 3-4 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, calycibus 12 mm longis Pilosulis lobis 10-11 mm longis spathulatis, corollis 18 mm longis. Typus: Maui I., Kaea, C. N. Forbes 2,557 M.
C. carina sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis Oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 20-42 mm longis pilosis, laminis 7.5-16.5 *4.5-7 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirtellis infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 5-7 cm longis 3-9-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 18-30 mm longis, calycibus 12-14 mm longis pilosis lobis 7-8 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 23 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 7 X 8 mm suborbiculari. Typus: Hawaii I., Glenwodd, E. Funk 201.
C. catenulata sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2.5-4 cm longis pilosis, laminis 11-11.5 X 3.2-3.6 cm subcoriaceis fusiformibus acum- inatis basi cuneata infra pilosulis nervis pilosis, cymis 4-4.5 cm longis 1-3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 18-25 mm longis, calycibus 20-25 mm longis pilosis
496 PHY. D0) LO Gaba Vol. 63, No. 6
lobis 15-18 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 21 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Kulani, F. R. Warshauer 1,359.
C.. chartacea sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis op- positis inaequalibus, petiolis 1-4 cm longis pilosis, laminis 6-12.5 ~<3-5.2 cm oblanceolatis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 3-4 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 7-14 mm longis, calycibus 15 mm longis pilosulis lobis 7 mm long- is lanceolatis, corollis 21 mm longis pilosulis, loba infera 8 =< 7 mm elliptica. Typus: Kauai I., Wainiha,
Cc. Christensen 264.
C. commensurata sp. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 8-18 mm longispuberulis, laminis 4-10.3 < 1.6-3.8 cm subcoriaceis ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra puberulis, cymis 4-5 cm longis3-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 16-25 mm longis, calycibus 7 mm longis puberulis 6/7 partitis lobis 5-6 mm longis obcuneatis. Typus: Hawaii I., Laupahoehoe, W. Wong.
C. comosa sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 2-6 cm longis pilos- ulis, laminis 12.5-19 *% 4.4-6.9 cm fusiformibus acumin- atis basi cuneata hirsutulis, cymis 5 cm longis 3-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 7-9 mm longis, cal- ycibus 10 mm 1Sna eniliseiteakes lobis 6 mm longis lineari- lanceolatis, corollis 14 mm longis hirsutulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Clarke 554.
C. crassichartacea sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 5-8 cm longis villosis, lam- inis 8-10 * 4.5-7.5 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi rotun- data supra hirsutis infra pilosis sed nervis villosis, umbellis 9-9.5 cm longis 5-7-floriferis villosis, ped- icellis 14-25 mm longis, calycibus 13-14 mm longis villosis 7/8 lobatis lobis 10-12 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 12-14 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Hawaii I., Glenwood, O. Degener.
C. crebra sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 9-20 mm longis pilosulis, lamin- is 3-6 *1.5-3.2 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra pilosis, cymis 2-2.5 cm longis l-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 5-6 mm longis, calycibus 7 mm longis hirsutis lobis 3.5-4 mm longis lineari-lanceolatis, corollis 13 mm longis hirsutis. Hawaii I., 22 Mile Road, Olaa H. St. John et al. 18,489.
C. crispa sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1.5-2.5 cm longis pilosulis, lam- inis 10-17 *5.5-7.3 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis nervis pilosis, cymis 5-6 cm longis 7-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 6-20 mm longis, calycibus 13 mm longis pilosulis 5/6 partitis lobis inferis 7-8 mm longis obcuneatis, corollis 20 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Kohala Mts., Puu Laalaau, W. J. Hoe 1905.0. (HAW).
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 497
C. duploserrata sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2.5-6.5 cm longis pilosis, laminis 13-14 X 7-7.3 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra pilosis infra pilosis, cymis 5-6.5 cm longis 1-3- floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 14-30 mm longis, calycibus 17 mm longis pilosis lobis 15-17 mm longis oblanceo- latis corollis 20 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 7 mm diametro suborbiculari. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 28, F. R. Warshauer 1,641.
C. dytike sp. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1.8-2.5 cm longis puberulis, laminis 5-15 *1.8-5.3 cm ellipticis acumina- tis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra puberulis, cymis 5-7 cm longis 5-7-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 7-16 mm longis, ‘cakycibus 14 mm longis puberulis lobis 12.5 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 16 mm longis puber- ulis. Typus: Maui I., Makamaole Valley, K. Kepler 50.
C. echyros sp. nov. Ramulae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 5-7 cm longis hirsutis, laminis 18-21 * 10-12 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti infra pilosulis nervis pilosis, cymis 7-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 5-27 mm longis, calycibus 22-32 mm longis pilosulis 6/7 partitis lobis inferis 13 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 20 mm longis. Typus: Hawaii I., Hawaii Volcanoes Natl. Park, F. R. Warshauer 32.
C. elliptica sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 9.5-11 cm longis pilosis, laminis 14.5-17.5 X 9.4-10 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata supra pilosis infra pilosulis, sed nervis pilosis, cymis 9-11 cm longis 3-5-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 14-20 mm longis, calycibus 18-20 mm longis pilosis lobis 15-17 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 22 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Hawaii I., Mauna Loa, Transect 29, F. R. Warshauer 1,650.
C. epiphytica sp. nov. Novellae hirsutae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2-5.5 cm longis hirsutis, laminis 6-11 X 3.3-6 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis nervis hirsut- ulis, cymis 3-4.5 cm longis 1-2-floriferis hirsutis, pedicellis 10-20 mm longis, calycibus 17 mm longis hirsutis lobis lanceolatis eis superis 11 mm longis, corollis 21 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 26, F. R. Warshauer 1,613.
C. ferripilosa sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 1.5-4 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 6.8-19.7 KH 1.7-7.7 cm subcoriaceis elliptico-oblanceolatis subacuminatis basi cuneata hirsutulis, cymis 3-9 cm longisl-6-flor- iferis pilosulis, pedicellis 13-25 mm longis,
498 P HaY TOV LO ‘CetvA Vol. 63, No. 6
calycibus 21-22 mm longis pilosulis, lobis 15-16 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 25 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Maui I., Transect 18, F. R. Warshauer 3,100.
C. fissa sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppos- itis, petiolis 2-4 mm longis pilosis, laminis 10-13.5 5.5-7 cm subcoriaceis oblanceolatis ad ellipticis acum- inatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutis infra pil- osulis, cymis 4-4.5 cm longis 1-3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 10-14 mm longis, calycibus 16-18 mm longis pilosis 5/6 lobatis lobis 12-15 mm longis ellipticis. Typus: Kauai I., Kalalau, H. St. John 26,043.
C. fruticosa sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 3.5-10 cm longis pilos- ulis, laminis 6-16.5 * 2.5-8 cm. ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra hirsutulis, cymis 3-4 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 12-14 mm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis pilosulis lobis lineari-lanceolatis eis inferis 9 mm longis, corollis 18 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 6 7 mm suborbic- ulari. Typus: Hawaii I., Malama-Ki Forest Res.
G. Clarke 561. C. Heinrichii sp. nov. C. oenobarba H. Mann, var. obovata Wawra, Flora 55: 563, 1872, non C, obovata Gillett, (@S72)- C. confertiflora (Wawra) C. B. Clarke, var. obovata (Wawra) C. B. Clarke in DC., Monogr. Phanerog. Sc 236,,2°1883%
C. iaoensis sp. nov. Ramulae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 8-32 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 3.5-8.3 X1.5-3.2 cm ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra puberulis, cymis 8-9 cm longis 3-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 13-25 mm longis, calycibus 17-18 mm longis lobis 16-17 mm longis ellipticis subacuminatis, corollis 23 mm longispilosulis loba infera 9 X 9 mm orbiculari.
Typus: Maui I., Iao, R. Hobdy 912.
C. infraglabra sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2.5-5.5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 7-17 X 3-7 cm elliptics acuminatis basi cuneata supra et infra pilosulis, cymis 2.5-4.5 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 11-15 mm longis, calycibus 12 mm longis pilosulis 3/4 lobat ial 9-10 mm longis deltoideis, corollis 16-18 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 5 mm diametro suborbiculari. Typus:Hawaii I., Waiakea, H. St. John et al. 22,358.
C keanaeensis sp. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 7-23 mm longis puber- ulis, laminis 3-9.5 X 2-3.8 cm coriaceis ellipticis sub- acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 4 cm longis 3-5-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 499
. 7-13 mm longis, calycibus 10-12 mm longis pilosulis labia supera 9-10 mm longa lobis ellipticis, corollis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., P. K. Higashino 9,114.
C. kukuiensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-4 cm longis pilosis, laminis 14.5-15.5 & 4.6-6 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti pilosulis, cymis 4-5 cm longis 1-3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 10 mm longis, cal- ycibus 18-20 mm longis pilosis 7/8 partitis lobis 16-18 mm longis lanceolatis obtusis, corollis 28 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Maui I., Mauna Kukui,
Oeerre ROCK IG 172.
C kamoolaensis sp. nov. Ramulae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1-4.5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 9-15 * 4-8 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cun- eata supra et infra puberulis, cymis 4-5 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 8-15 mm longis, calycibus 23-28 mm longis pilosulis lobis 21-25 mm longis oblanceolatis, corollis 25-27_mm longis pil- osulis. Typus: Kauai I., Kamoola Stram, C. Christensen TO.
C. lysiosepapa (A. Gray) C. B. Clarke, var. Ewartii var. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 5-17 mm longis, laminis 2.4-8.5 X 1.2-3.8 cm ellipticis subacuminatis supra pilosulis infra pub- erulis nervis pilosulis, cymis 4-6.5 cm longis l-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 20-25 mm longis, calycibus 15-16 mm longis 7/8 partitis puberulis lobis 13-14 mm longis lanceolatis. Typus: Maui I., Haelaau, Geka EWabt bh &iG C. Munro! 39). =
C. macilenta sp. nov. Novellae piloplae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 2-4.5 cm longis pil- osulis, laminis 5.5-18 X* 2.2-8 cm lanceolatis acumin- atis basi cuneata decurrenti pilosulis, cymis 2.7-4.5 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 7-22 mm longis, calycibus 15-16 mm longis pilosulis lobis 14-22 mm longis, corollis 24 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 9 \ 7 mm ovata. Typus: Kanai I., Hanakoa, Hewiet. John etal. 23,199.
C. malina sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis Oppositis, petiolis 2-5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 10-11 & 4-6 cm lanceolatis acuminatis basi cuneata, cymis 5-7 cm longis 3-7-floriferispilosulis, pedicellis 9-20 mm longis, calycibus 11-12 mm longis pilosulis 7/8 lobatis lobis 9-10 mm longis spathulatis, corollis 15-16 mm longis. Typus: Maui I., Kaupo Gap, W. Gagne & S. Montgomery 604.
C. molokaiensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 2-6 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 6-17.5 ~3.5-7.2 cm ellipticis
500 PH, YY) TOrTs O iGivA Vol. 63, No. 6
acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra pilosulis infra puberulis nervis pilosulis, cymis 4-5 cm longis pilos- ulis, pedicellis 0.5-2 mm longis, calycibus 18-22 mm longis puberulis lobis 16-20 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 19 mm longis puberulis. Typus: Molokai I., Lelemako Gulch, S. Perlman 503.
C. nanawaleensis sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2-5 mm longis hirsutulis, laminis 4-15 X 2-5.2 cm ellipticis acutis basi cuneata hirsutulis, cymis 2 cm longis 3-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 5-8 mm longis, calycibus 7 mm longis hirsut- ulis lobis 4-5 mm longis lanceolatis subobtusis, coroll- is 13 mm longis hirsutulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Nanawale Forest Res., L. K.Cuddihy 790053.
C. nuda sp. nov. Frutex ramosus est, petiolis 18 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 19.5-20 X 6.4-7.8 cm ellip- ticis acuminatis quarto basali deminuenti et cuneata supra midnervo hirsutulo infra nervis pilosulis, cymis 4 cm longis3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 4-10 mm longis, calycibus 23-25 mm longis pilosulis lobis 16 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., Transect 4, F. R. Warshauer 2,836.
C. obliqua sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-7 cm longis pilosis, laminis 14-17.5 %6.5-8.5 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra pilosulis nervis hirsutulis, cymis 7-9 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 13-30 mm longis, calycibus 16-18 mm longis pilosis lobis 12-16 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 15 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., Puu Kukui, G. R. Ewart III 136.
C. occidens sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 2-3 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 3.5-7.5X 1.2-3 cm ellipticis acutis basi cuneata supra pilosulis infra pilosulis, cymis 6-7 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 15-20 mm longis, calycibus 11-13.5 mm longis pilosulis 11/12 lobatis lobis 8.5-13 mm longis ellipticis acutis, corollis 15 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., Waihee, H. Wawra 1,820a (W).
C. oblonga sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1-2.2 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 7-16 XX 3.8-7.6 cm ellipticis acuminatisbasi cuneata sup- ra hirsutulis infra pilosis, cymis 4-5 cm longis 3-5-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 12-20 mm longis, calycibus 11-13 mm longis pilosulis lobis 9-11 mm longis ellipticis subacutis, corollis 17 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Maui I., Makawao, W. Hillebrand &
J. M. Lydgate (specimine ad dextram).
C. olowaluensis sp. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt,
foliis oppositis inaequalibus, petiolis 7-25 mm
1987 St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 501
longis puberulis, laminis 8-13 3-3.8 cm ellipticis ac- uminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra puberulis, cymis 5.5-6 cm longis 3-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 15-18 mm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis puberulis lobis 11-12 mm longis spathulatis, corollis
15 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., Olowalu,
C. N. Forbes 2,432.M.
C. pololuensis sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2.5-4 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 11-16 X3.5-9 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra pilosis, cymis 2-3 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 7-10 mm longis, cal- ycibus 10-11 mm longis pilosulis 5/6 partitis lobis 8-9 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 10 mm longis pilos- ulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Pololu, O. Degener & A. Greenwell 2171895).
C. prasina sp. nov. Novellae hirsutulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1.5-6.5 cm longis hirsutis, laminis 4-14 *&1.5-5.3 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra hirsutulis, cymis 4-7 cm longis 3-5-floriferis hirsutulis, pedicellis 10-25 mm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis hirsutis lobis 7-8 mm longis lanceolatis. Typus: Hawaii I., Giffard 13,094.
C. pustulata sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 15-17 mm longis pilosulis, laminis 8-11.5 X3.5-6 cm ellipticis acutis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra pilosis, cymis 4 cm longis 1-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 12-18 mm longis, calycibus 12-13 mm longis pilosuli, lobis 8-9 mm longis lanceolatis cor- ollis 22 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Molokai I.
P. K. Higashino 9,400.
C. ralla sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 6-7.5 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 15-18 & 6-7.8 cm coriaceis ellipticis subacuminatis basi cuneata supra pilosulis infra pilosulis, calycsbus 18-19 mm eneeeen une ite lobis inferis 13-14 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 28 mm longis pilosulis loba infera 7.5 mm diametro suborbiculari. Typus: Hawaii I., Transect 30, F. R. Warshauer 1,236.
Cc. recurrems sp nov. novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 4-8 cm longis villosis, laminis 11.5-16 X 6.5-8.4 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis nervis vill- osis, cymis 5-6 cm longis 3-5-floriferis villosis, ped- icellis 10-15 mm longis, calycibus 16-19 mm longis villosis lobis 9-12 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 15 mm longis villosis. Typus: Hawaii I., Kalanilehua,
Olaa, W. M. Giffard.
502 P HeYtLeOFL 10 CalecaA Vol. 63, No. 6
C. rudiculata sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 1.5-2.5 cm longis pilosis, laminis 15-18 & 4.2-5.7 cm oblanceolatis sed quarto basali cune- ato midnervo infra piloso, cymis 3.5 cm longis 3-flor- iferis pilosis, pedicellis 8 mm longis, calycibus 16 mm longis pilosis lobis 13-14 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 13 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Hawaii I., Kohala Forest Res., O. Degener 30,369.
C. subcoriacea sp. nov. Novellae pilosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 4.5-5 cm longis pilosis, laminis 8-13.5 %® 5.5-8 cm subcoriaceis ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata decurrenti supra hirsutis infra pilosis nervis villosis, cymis 6-9 cm longis 3-floriferis pilosis, pedicellis 12-25 mm longis, calycibus 13-15 mm longis pilosis lobis 8-9 mm longis ovatis acutis, corollis 22 mm longis pilosis. Typus: Maui I., Kapilau Ridge, L. E. Bishop et al. 047117 (HAW).
C. trite sp. nov. Novellae puberulae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 2.5-5 cm longis puberulis, laminis 12-16 & 4.5-7 cm ellipticis acuminatisbasi cuneata supra hirsutulis infra glaucis hirsutulis, cymis 8-10 cm longis 3-5-floriferis puberulis, pedicellis 20-25 mm longis, calycibus 10-11 mm longis puberulis lobis superis 7-8 mm longis lanceolatis, corollis 14-14.5 mm longis puberulis loba infera 3.5 & 4 mm semiorbiculari. Typus: Hawaii I. Laupahoehoe, L. W. Cuddihy 742.
C. umbelliflora sp. nov. Novellae villosae sunt, foliis oppositis, petiolis 3-4 cm longis villosis, laminis 10.5-13 & 5.5-6.5 cm ellipticis acuminatis basi cuneata supra hirsutis infra villosis, umbellis 7-floriferis, pedunculo 5.8 cm longo, pedicellis 22 mm longis, calyci- bus 13-15 mm longis hirsutulis lobis inferis 11-13 mm longis ligulatis. Typus: Maui I., Makawao, W. Hillebrand & J. M. Lydgate, (specimene ad sinistram).
C. vesperalis sp. nov.
C. triflora Gaud., forma robusta Wawra, Flora 55: 563, 1872 (p. 17 in reprint), non C. robusta Kraenzl. (1927).
Expanded diagnosis: Branchlets pilosulous; leaves opposite; petioles 3-5 cm long, pilosulous; blades 8-17X 3.2-6.5 cm, elliptic, acuminate, cuneate at base, above catenulate hirsutulous, below puberulous, but the veins hirsutulous; cymes 8-15 cm long, 3-11-flowered, pilosulous; pedicels 25-40 mm long; calyx 11-13 mm long, pilosulous, the lobes 5-11 mm long, elliptic; Holotype: Maui I., Waihee, H. Wawra 1,820b (W).
St. John, Diagnoses of Hawaiian Cyrtandra 503
ADDENDUM (sect. Chaetocalyces).
C. anatolike sp. nov. Novellae pilosulae sunt, foliis .oppositis, petiolis 1-3 cm longis pilosulis, laminis 4-8.5 d<« 2-3.5 cm ellipticis acuminatis supra hirsutulis infra pilosulis, cymis 2.5-4 cm longis 1l-floriferis pilosulis, pedicellis 12-20 mm longi, calycibus 17 mm longis pilosulis lobis 11-14 mm longis ligulatis subacutis, corollis 17-18 mm longis pilosulis. Typus: Maui I., USFWS Base Camp Ridge, F. R. Warshauer 2,536.
1987
BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke
"A FUNCTIONAL BIOLOGY OF CROP PLANTS" by Vincent P. Gutschick, x + 230 pp., 26 black/white figures and 3 tables. Timber Press, Portland 97225. 1987. $39.95.
This functional biological approach "generates with scientific rigor many fruitful and testable hypotheses of wide import that are not readily developed by approaches lacking a systems orientation". The text is planned for upper level or advanced agriculture students and is organized under the following topics: 1. functional biology and plant strategies with routes to crop improvement; 2. mineral nutrition and agricultural consequences; 3. photosynthesis and the costs and benefits of adaptive responses; 4. water relations and costs and benefits of adaptations; and 5. integrative processes for long-term coordination of all resource uses. This study will surely prove to be important and therefore needed.
"IKEBANA SOGETSU" by Harold Teshigahara, 40 pp., 20 colored plates + 1 black/white photo and 40 black/white drawings. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Rutland, Vermont 05701-0410. 1986. $5.95 paper.
The color pates are so well printed that they add to the quality and beauty of the ikebana presented. This Sogetsu school is a modern style one, emphasizing "that ikebana can be practiced at any time, in any place, by anybody and with whatever material available...To create this beauty which does not exist in a natural state is ikebana." The descriptions of and arrangement suggestions for these impressive color plates are given in both English and Japanese. They are printed on the backs of the arrangements. It would have saved much distracting page flipping if they were printed on the left and adjacent page.
"THE HISTORY OF IKEBANA" by Kudo Masanobu, 64 pp., 58 color photo. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Rutland, Vermont 05701-0410. 1986. $14.95 paperbound.
This is a delightful book just to look at. This is an interesting book to read about the story of the development of this art form which reaches "back into that universal animism of primitive beliefs" and why only in Japan "it evolved into this sophisticated national art". The many color photographs are printed beautifully and are "designed so that evolution of ikebana styles can be clearly followed pictorially". As a summary, there is appendixed a 3-page "Chronological Table of History of Ikebana". This publication was made with the desire that through it, "those many people from foreign countries who love ikebana can come to understand it better".
504
1987 Moldenke, Book Reviews 505
"DINOSAURS PAST AND PRESENT Volume I" edited by Sylvia J. Czerkas and Everett C. Olson, xvii + 63 pp., 55 color full and double plates, 60 black/white illustrations and 6 figures. University of Washington Press, P. O. Box 50096, Seattle, Washington 98145-5096. 1987. $35.00.
This fascinatingly different interpretation of dinosaur life styles as interpreted by today's paleontologists in ths text and in its new beautifully printed murals comes from an exhibition and symposium organized by the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. There are six papers on such topics as the dancing dinosaurs, the tiny dinosaurs, the importance of reconstruction of dinosaur trackways and the scientific approach to considering dinosaurs as living, active creatures. Volume II is to appear in the coming spring with more papers and reconstruction art from the same symposium.
"THE PHAREAE AND STREPTOGYNEAE (POACEAE) OF SRI _ LANKA: A Morphological-Anatomical Study" by Thomas R. Soderstrom, Roger P. Ellis & Emmet J. Judziewicz, Smithsonian Contributions to Botany no. 65, iv + 27 pp., 8 black/white figures with 3 plates + 5 multi- tissue photos, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. 20560. 1987.
The senior author, recently deceased, had the fortunate opportunity to have worked with the wonderful personage and agrostologist, Agnes Chase, and had throughout his professional life produced much valuable research. In this study with two confreres these herbaceous bamboos are carefully diagnosed and effectively illustrated. They occupy the easternmost limit of their range. They are animal-dispersed rain forest grasses often found together.
A KEY TO ARBOREAL SPIDERS OF DOUGLAS-FIR AND TRUE FIR FORESTS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST" by Andrew R. Moldenke, Becky L. Fichter, William P. Stephen and Charles E. Griswold. ii + 48 pp., 96 color photos, 24 black/white figures + 1 table. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station, P. 0. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208. 1987. paperbound.
"This illustrated key for identifying spiders inhabiting true fir and Douglas-fir is based on extensive collections from throughout the three North American Pacific Coast States." It "is written for people unfamiliar as well as familiar with spider taxonomy; a glossary of all technical terms is included." It is interesting to note that these arboreal spiders, devourers of the larval Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata, are among some 30 most abundant and widespread species in the crowns of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Abies spp. Botanists doing ecological and forestry studies in the Pacific Northwest, ecologists and the insect and arachnid people will surely appreciate having colored photographs, descriptions and accesible keys to these creatures.
506 PHY TOL 0 Cai aA Vol. 63, No. 6
Index to authors in Volume Sixty-three
Adams, C. D., 298 Passini,. M.-F: , 33878307
Ash, S. R., 64 Pérez, B. E., 39 Beetle, A. A., 209 Pérez, F., 39 Bohlmann, F., 313 Pinel, N., 331 Breedlove, D. E., 43 Pohl, R. W., 38 Christy, J. A., 449 Reed, C. F., 410
Damsholt, K., 325 Robinson, H., 316, 407 Darbyshire, S. J., 38 St. ‘John; H.; 79;e129RiSS ae, Dekker, J., 155 183, 185, 187), 339') S50R) S66. Foote }9Mi 9837. , 01425 148/399 367, 368, 466, 468, 469, 473, Herrera Arrieta, Y., 457 476, 485, 487, 494
Hutt Mae, 442 Sanchez Vindas, P. E., 402, 404 Jones; cA: Gs; -b3l Schaak, ©. G., 301
King, Re Mi: ,°323 Schuster, R. M., 193, 325
Kord, M. A.-A., 91 Smith, +L. Bas439
Liogier, A. H., 65 Takeuchi, W., 129 Lorence, D. H., 43 Tidwell, W. D., 64 Lourteig, A., 153 Tid, We, #439 Eundelt* C.4b2,173% 463 Turner, B).) Lo, L457 eee Medeiros, A. C., 366 307, 396, 413); 415, "417ee42e7 Moldenke, A. L:; 68), 134, 207, 431, 434, 438
311, 504 Villavicencio, M. A., 39 Moldenke, H. N., 48, 102 Ward: «D. (Ba, Ochoa. 1G, 329) *455 Wolde, E. R., 310 Oldham, M. J., 38 Zarate, S., 304
Ortega, L. M., 404 Zdero, C PAvETee, B..D). p57
Index to supraspecific scientific names in Volume Sixty-three
ees i)
Abies, 505 Amblystegiaceae, 451 Acacia, 65, 306, 413 Amphicarpaea, 410 Achnanthales, 145 Anacardiaceae, 411 Achnanthes, 145 Anatherum, 212-214 Achnopogon, 314 Andropogon, 212-215, 410
Acroceras, 210 Andropogoneae, 212, 218, 221, 232- Aegilops, 210 233, 235, 239, 243-244, 247, 249- Aegopogon, 210 250, 284, 287-288, 293-294, 296 Aeluropodeae, 256, 283 Anthemideae, 316, 318, 322 Agavaceae, 39 Anthephora, 215 Agave, 42 Anthoceros, 193-195, 201 Ageratina, 4-6, 412, 417-427, Anthocerotaceae, 193-194, 199, 201 431-433 Anthocerotae, 193, 200-201, 328 Agropyron, 210 Anthocerotales, 194, 200-201
Agrostideae, 210-212, 228, 232, Anthocerotoideae, 194
246, 254 Agrostis, 210-212 Agrostoidea, 271 Aira, ¥21:2 Alloispermum, 308 Allolepis, 212 Alopecuris, 212
Anthoxanthum, 215 Apiaceae, 316
Apoceros, 194-195, 198 Araliaceae, 316 Arctoteae, 316, 318, 322 Ardisia, 75, 77-78, 463 Aristida, 215-218
1987 Index 507
Aristideae, 215 Briza, 226
Arenaria, 19 Bromeliaceae, 439 Arnoldia, 64 Bromus, 226-228 Arnophyton, 64 Brunoniaceae, 316 Arthraxon, 218 Bryophyta, 453, 454 Arthropogon, 218 Bryum, 453 Arthrostylidium, 218 Buchloe, 228 Arundinae, 219, 233, 247, 264, Buchlominus, 228
281 Buddleia, 68 Arundinella, 219 Buddlejaceae, 68 Arundinelleae, 219 Burmanniaceae, 67 Arundo, 219 Cactaceae, 157 Asclepiadaceae, 66 Cajophora, 329 Aspiromitus, 193-197, 199-200 Calamagrostis, 228-229 Aster, 131-133 Calanticaria, 434 Asteraceae, 1, 4, 6-7, 13, 127, Calea, 308
esie202. 9205, 307" 396" 3138 Calenduleae, 316, 318, 322
316-324, 397, 407, 413, 415, 417, Calyceraceae, 317, 321 426, 428, 431, 434, 436, 438 Calystegia, 411 Astereae, 127, 133, 316, 318, 322 Campanulaceae, 130, 316 Asteroideae, 317-318, 322-323 Campanulales, 318, 322 Asterionella, 137 Campylopus, 452 Atrichun, 449 Capillaria, 267-269 Aulonemia, 219 Caprifoliaceae, 316 Auriculardsia, 74-77, 463 Caprifolium, 51 Avena, 219 Cardiocrinum, 135 Aveneae, 212, 215, 219, 235, 237, Cardueae, 316
248, 251, 280-281, 283, 288, Carterothamnus, 415-416
294, 295 Caryopteris, 108 Axonopus, 219-220 Cassia, 329, 410-411 Azalea, 411 Cathestecum, 229 Bacillariophyta, 137, 142 Celastraceae, 73 Bambusa, 220-221 Cenchrus, 229-230 Bambuseae, 220, 231, 281, 284 Centotheceae, 296 Barbilophozia, 325 Cephaloziella, 327 Barbula, 449, 453 Cestrum, 44 Barmadesia, 313, 317’, 319; 321, Chaboissaea, 230
323 Chaetocalyces, 470, 504 Barnadesiinae, 313, 316-318, 321- Chamaecrista, 410-411
323 Chamaesyce, 466-467 Bigelovia, 5 Chasmanthium, 230 Bilderdykia, 410 Chimantaea, 313-314 Bivalvae, 468 Chionanthus, 66 Blepharidachne, 221 Chloraca, 434 Blepharoneuron, 221 Chlorideae, 210, 215, 222, 228- Borbonia, 153-154 229, 233-234, 238, 244, 246-247, Bothriochloa, 221-222 253, 256, 264, 279, 283-284, 288 Botrychium, 16 Chloris, 230-231 Bouteloua, 222-225 Chlorophyta, 399 Brachiaria, 225-226 Chromolaena, 203 Brachycyathus, 476 Chuquiraga, 314, 317, 320-321 Brachypodeae, 226 Chusquea, 231-232 Brachypodium, 226 Cichorioideae, 317-318, 323
Brachythecium, 454 Cinna, 232
508 PoHeyY 2 1OE.00G
Cladocarpa, 185-186
Cleianthus, 51
Clermontia, 350-359
Clermontioideae, 350-352
Clerodendrom, 51
Clerodendron, 48-51, 57, 61, 103, HOSEA 107, Me 2 aes a 205
124-126 Clerodendrum, 48-63, 102-126 Clethra, 44 Clinopodium, 412 Cocconeis, 145-146 Coelorachis, 232 Goux, 1233 Commelina, 67 Commelinaceae, 67
Compositae, 3, 64, 67, 308, 324, 412, 416, 430
Convolvulaceae,
Convolvulus, 411
Coreopsis, 10
Cortaderia, 233
Cottea, 233
Cotula, 316
Cowania, 303
Critonia, 205
Crotonocalyces, 487
Cryptochloa, 233
Ctenium, 233
Cucurbitaceae,
Cuspidata, 451
Cyanea, 79-89, 129-130, 339, 342, 345, 347
Cyclolepis, 313-314
Cyclonema, 103, 105, 107-109, P27
Cyclostachya, 233
Cylindrotheca, 148-150, 152
Cymbocarpa, 67
Cymbopogon, 233-234
Cynareae, 318, 322
Cynodon, 234
Cyperaceae, 298
Cyrtandra, 469-503
Dactylis, 234
Dactyloctenium, 234
Danthoneae, 234
Danthonia, 234
Dasyphyllum, 314, 317, 321, 323
Delissea, 79-89, 129-130, 339-349
Dendroceros, 194-195, 197-201
Dendrocerotoideae, 200
Dentatae, 434
Depauperata,
65, 411
LSS.) 87
368-372
IA Vol. 63, No. %G
Deppea, 43, 45-47
Deppeeae, 46
Deschampsia, 235
Diatoma, 137
Dichanthium, 38, 235
Dichotomiflora, 268, 272
Dicranum, 451
Didymella, 60
Diectomis, 235
Diffusa, 268-269
Difusa, 267
Digitaria, 235-237
Diospyros, 65
Dipsacaceae, 316
Dissanthelium, 237
Distichlis, 237
Dodecatheon, 411
Drepanocladus, 452-453
Ebenaceae, 65
Echinocereus,
Echinochloa,
Echinolaena,
Eizia, 45
Eleusine, 238
Elymus, 238-239
Elyoneurus, 239
Emmenostylum, 445, 448
Enneapogon, 239
Enoclerus, 41-42
Eragrosteae, 212, 221, 230, 237, 239, 243, 251, 255-2567 0263), 265; 280, 284, 293-294, 297
Eragrostis, 239-242
Eremochloa, 242
Eremothamneae, 318, 322
Ericaceae, 411
Erianthus, 243
Eriochloa, 243
Eriochrysis, 243
Erioneuron, 243-244
Erysiphe, 60
Euchlaena, 244
Euclasta, 244
Eugenia, 402-405, 461
Eunotia, 142-145
Eunotiales, 142
Euonymus, 73
Eupatorieae, 6, 202, 205, 316, 318, 322; 413,° 4152417 ea2or A28 794941455
Eupatorium, 5-6, 203-205, 412- 413, 417, 419-426
Euphorbia, 466-467
157-158 238 238
1987 Index
Euphorbiaceae, 441, 443, 448, 466-467
Eustachys, 244
Festuca, 245-246
Festuceae, 226, 234, 245-246, 254, 296, 265, 282, 296
Folioceros, 193-198, 200-201
Fragilaria, 137-139
Fragilariales, 137
Galearis, 410
Galinsoga, 308
Gastridium, 246
Geocarpon, 17
Gesneriaceae, 466, 469, 473, 476, 485, 487, 494
Glyceria, 246
Glycine, 410
Gochnatiinae,
Goodeniaceae,
Gouinia, 246
Graminae, 457
Gramineae, 368, 410
Graphardisia, 77, 463
Griffithsochloa, 246
Guadua, 220-221
Gymmopogon, 247
Gynerium, 247
Hackelochloa, 247
Haplopappus, 6, 127-128
Heliantheae, 307, 316, 316, 322, 324, 396-397, 434, 436
Helianthus, 310
Heliopsis, 1-3
Helleria, 247
Hemarthria, 247
Hepaticae, 200-201, 325, 328, 452
Hepatophyta, 454
Heteropogon, 247
Heterotheca, 127-128
Hierochloe, 247
Hilaria, 247-248
Hofmeisteria, 415-416
Holcus, 248
Homolepis, 248
Homowallenia, 66
Hordeae, 210, 238, 248, 285, 287, 296
Hordeum, 248-249
Houstonia, 412
vals, 313: 315
Hydrochloa, 249
Hymenachne, 249
Hyparrhenia, 249
Hyparthelia, 249
314, 316
316
509
Hypnum, 449
Hypogynium, 249
Icacoria, 77-78, 463-465
Ichnanthus, 249-250
Iltisia, 428-429
Imperata, 250
Inuleae, 316, 318, 322
Isachne, 250
Ischaemum, 38, 250
Ixophorus, 251
Jacquemontia, 65
Jouvea, 251
Jubula, 452
Jungermanniales, 325
Kaalaasia, 327
Koanophyllon, 202-206, 413
Koeleria, 251
Kohleria, 44
Labiatae, 159, 172, 412
Lactuceae, 316, 318, 322
Lamarckia, 251
Lasiacis, 251-252
Lauraceae, 153
Laurus, 153-154
Laxa, 269-271
Leersia, 252-253
Leguminaceae, 68
Leguminosae, 65, 306, 410
Lens, 91
Lepismium, 69
Leptochloa, 253-254
Leptocoryphium, 254
Leptoloma, 254
Leucaena, 304-306
Leuropetalon, 15-16, 37
Liabeae, 316, 318, 322, 324, 407
Lilium, 135
Limbella, 451
Limmodea, 254
Lindernia, 20
Linociera, 66
Lithacne, 254
Lobelia, 79-80, 86, 366
Lobeliaceae, 79, 129, 339, 350, 366, 367
Lobelioideae, 130
Lobicalyces, 477
Lolium 254
Lophocolea, 452-453
Lophozia, 325-328
Luziola, 255
Lycurus, 255
Lysiloma, 425
Mabe, 65
510 PHY TOL ‘0 CG TyA Vol. 63, No. 6
Malus, 410 Olyreae, 233, 254, 264, 280, 292 Marchantiales, 200 Omiltemia, 44-46 Marsdenia, 66-67 Opephora, 139
Marsupella, 326-327 Ophioglossum, 16-17 Maxima, 266-267, 270 Opizia, 264
Megaceros, 194-195, 197, 200-201 Oplismenus, 264-265 Melanerpes, 335 Orchidaceae, 410
Melica, 255 Orchis, 410
Meliceae, 255 Orcuttia, 265
Melinideae, 255 Orgyia, 505
Melinis, 255 Orthocaulis, 328
Meliola, 60 Orthoclada, 265
Meridion, 139 Oryza, 265
Mesosetum, 255-256 Oryzeae, 252, 265 Mesotaeniaceae, 399 Oryzopsis, 265
Metcalfia, 256 Osbertia, 127-128 Miconia, 44 Otatea, 265
Microcalyces, 485 Oxalidaceae, 411 Microchloa, 256 Oxalis, 411
Microspermum, 428-430 Paloma, 335
Mimosaceae, 306 Paniceae, 210, 219, 225, 229, Mimosoideae, 65, 306 235, 238, 243, 247-2535 (254-255, Miscanthus, 256 264, 266, 273, 278, 283-285, Mnium, 452 287, 290, 293 Monanthochloe, 256 Panicum, 266-272, 368-395 Monerma, 256 Pappophoreae, 233, 272 Monerneae, 273 Pappophorum, 272 ‘Monticola, 369 Parapholis, 273 Mougeotia, 399 Parathesis, 78 Muhlenbergia, 256-263, 457-460 Parviglumia, 267, 270-271 Multiflori, 133 Paspalidium, 273 Munnozia, 407-409 Paspalum, 273-278
Munroa, 263 Pennisetum, 38, 278-279 Musci, 451 Pentarrhaphis, 279 Mutisieae, 316-318, 321-323 Pereilema, 280 Mutisiinae, 316, 321 Peromyscus, 335 Myrsinaceae, 65, 74, 463 Peronia, 145
Myrtaceae, 402, 404, 461 Persea, 154
Nassauviinae, 316 Persicaria, 410 Nectandra, 153-154 Perymenium, 396-398 Neogreenella, 417, 431 Petota, 329, 455 Neyraudia, 264 Peyritschia, 280 Nomocharis, 135 Phaeoceros, 194-195, 201 Nothoceros, 194, 196-197, 200 Phalarideae, 280 Notholirion, 135 Phalaris, 280 Notothylaceae, 199 Phareae, 505 Notothyladoideae, 198 Pharus, 280-281 Notothylas, 193, 196, 199, 201 Phascum, 449
Oaxacana, 415-416 Philonotis, 452, 454 Oecopetalum, 44 Phleum, 281
Oldenburgia, 313, 315 Phragmites, 281, 410 Oleaceae, 66 Phyllanthus, 44
Olmeca, 264 Phyllostachys, 281
Olyra, 264 Phyllostegia, 172-182
1987 Index
Physcomitrium, 449 Pinus, 8, 44, 331, 334, 336-338, 413, 425 Piptochaetium, 281 Piptothrix, 418, 426 Piqueria, 429-430, 438 Piquerinae, 429-430 Piqueriopsis, 428-430 Pittosporaceae, 468 Pittosporum, 468 Pleurodiscus, 399 Poa, 155, 282-283 Poaceae, 505 Podosemum, 458 Pohlia, 452 Pohliella, 452 Polygonaceae, 410 Polygonum, 410 Polypogon, 283 Polytrichum, 449 Prema, 49 Primulaceae, 411 Pringleochloa, 283 Protolophoziae, 326 Prunus, 431 Pseudechinolaena, 283 Pseudotsuga, 505 Purshia, 301-303 Pyxidanthera, 20, 36 Quelchia, 313, 315 Quercus, 44, 413, 425, 431 Raddia, 283 Reederochloa, 283 Rhipidocladium, 284 Rhipsalis, 69 Rhododendron, 411 Rhoicosphenia, 146 Rhus, 411 Rhynchelytrum, 284 Rhynchospora, 298-299 Rhysolopis, 435 Riccia, 19, 193 Rollandia, 86, 89, 367 Rosaceae, 301, 303, 410 Rottboellia, 284 Rubiaceae, 43, 46, 316, 412 Rubioideae, 46 Sabazia, 307-309 Saccharum, 284 Sacciolepis, 284 Sapium, 441-448 Sarconeurum, 454 Satureja, 412 Saxifragaceae, 15, 37, 64
511
Scapania, 325, 327-328, 454
Schaffnera, 284
Schenckia, 45
Schismus, 284
Schizachyrium, 212-214, 410
Schizocalyces, 494
Schlechtendahlia, 314
Schoenolirion, 17-18
Scleria, 299-300
Scleropogon, 284-285
Secale, 285
Selloa, 308
Senecioneae, 316, 318, 322
Senna, 411
Setaria, 285-287
Setariopsis, 287
Sicyos, 187-192
Siphonanthus, 49
Siphonocalyx, 105, 110-111, 117, 123
Sitanion, 287
Sium, 411
Soderstromia, 287
Sohnsia, 287
Solanaceae, 316
Solanum, 329-330, 455-456
Sorghastrum, 287-288
Sorghum, 288
Spartina, 288
Sphagnum, 451
Sphenopholis, 288
Spiracantha, 67
Spirogyra, 399-401
Sporobolus, 288-290
Stenogyne, 159-171
Stenopadus, 313, 315
Stenotaphrum, 290
Stipa, 291-292
Stipeae, 265, 281, 291-292
Stiporyzopsis, 292
Stolonifera, 267-268, 271
Stomatochaeta, 313
Streptochaeta, 292
Streptogyne, 292
Streptogyneae, 292, 505
Stylidiaceae, 316
Stylosiphonia, 45
Symplocos, 44
Synedra, 139-141
Tabellaria, 141
Tageteae, 316
Taraxacum, 155
Tetraphis, 452
Thrasa, 293
512
Tillandsia, 439 Tillandsioideae, 439 Tortella, 454 Tortula, 453-454 Torulinium, 300 Touchardia, 183-184 Toxicodendron, 411 Trachypogon, 293 Tragus, 293 Tricarpha, 308 Trichoidea, 267, Trichoneura, 293 Tridax, 308 Tridens, 293-294 Triniochloa, 294 Triplasis, 294 Tripogon, 294 Tripsacum, 294-295 Trisetum, 295 Tristachya, 295-296 Triticum, 296 Tuberosa, 455 Turfosa, 369-372 Umbelliferae, 411 Uniola, 296 Urmenetea, 313, 315
272) 510
PoH ¥Y TO (L*0;G pLaA
Ursinia, 316
Urticaceae, 183 Valerianaceae, 316 Valerioanthus, 78 Verbenaceae, 48, 102 Verbesina, 7-14 Vernonieae, 316, 318, 322 Verticillatae, 473 Vetiveria, 296
Viguiera, 434-437
Virgata, 266, 269, 272, 368, 370-
372 Volkameria, Vulpia, 296 Wallenia, 65-66 Yucca, 39, 41-42 Zea, 296 Zeugites, 297 Zinowiewia, 73 Zizanieae, 255 Zizaniopsis, 297 Zoysia, 297 Zoysieae, 293 Zygnema, 401 Zygnemataceae, 399 Zygnematales, 399
Publicadiion dates
Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol.
62, 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63,
No. No. No. No. No. No. No.
- May 8, 1987
- May 8, 1987
- May 28, 1987
- June 10, 1987
- August 14, 1987 - August 14, 1987 - October 2, 1987
Vol. 63, No.
51, 57, LO455 10858125
Inasmuch as we do no editing, papers accepted for publication must be submitted in exactly the form that the author wants to have them published. They will then be photographed and printed by photo-offset in exactly the form as submitted except that we will add page numbers and running-heads.
Typescripts should be prepared single-spaced on clean white heavy bond smooth and opaque paper. Elite type is probably the most space-economical. Typescript text must not exceed a rectangle 5° inches wide (horizontal) by 8% inches high (vertical), not including the running-head and page number.
The title of the paper should be typed in all uppercase (capital) letters with 2 blank lines above the title and one beneath; then the name of the author in ordinary upper- and lower-case letters, along with his address (if so desired); followed by 2 blank lines; then the first line of text. It is usually best to leave a blank line between paragraphs.
All scientific plant and animal names and group names should be typed either in italic type (if available) or underscored. Any corrections in the text made by the author must be complete and neat as they will be photographed as they are.
The finished typescript as submitted by the author will be reduced from the 85s x 55 inch size as submitted to 6%s x 4 inches by the printer. It is therefore advisable to place a centimeter or millimeter scale on all text pre and plates included.
Use a new heavily inked black typewriter ribbon and be sure to clean the type on the typewriter after each several pages of typing. /
Cost of publication at present is $12.00 US per page, with no ‘subsequent rebates, but this rate may vary depending on inflation and costs, so it is best to inquire as to current rates. The page charges are due with the typescript and no paper will be published before payment is received in full. Each author will receive gratis a proportionate share of the printed copies remaining after paid subscrip- e tions are filled, but if separates (reprints or offprints) are desired, these will be 2 charged extra in accord with the current rate for offprints provided by the printer. The cost of all such separates ordered must also be paid for in advance at the . time the typescript is sent. No orders for separates will be accepted later, nor can additions or corrections be accepted.
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Authors are asked to indicate in light pencil on the reverse side of each page of their typescript the page number so that no mistakes in sequence occur.
All manuscripts accepted will be published in the next issue, so that the size of the numbers may vary greatly. A volume will contain 512 pages. The plan insures prompt publication of all accepted manuscript.
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Illustrations will be published according to the desires of the authors. No extra charge is made for line drawings, such as are ordinarily reproduced in zinc, or for diagrams, tables, or charts, provided they conform to certain limitations of size and proportion. An extra charge will be made for halftones, depending on their size, as fixed by the engraver.
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Articles dealing with research in all lines of botany and plant ecology, in any a reasonable length, biographical sketches, and critical reviews and summaries of
literature will be considered for publication. Lt! RB “ap A PY,
GEC. 14 Rey NEw KRU ane : BOTANICAL GARDE!