PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 65 February 1989 No. 6 CONTENTS 4 _ LIOGIER, A.H., Novitates Antillanae XV: Two new species of DMMCE GE Tet ATIOPEINOIG: oo o.0 5s aieis(s'c neat etwas aeenes ve 421 ZANDER, R.H., Seven new genera in Pottiaceae (Musci) and 3 PSC eemn Ona TINT: SOUIET ICTBEG 55 5 ks ote 6 \\o'abe see « ov abla m he ee es 424 _ _- THOMAS, R.D., Additions to the dicotyledons of Louisiana...... 437 _ .» THOMAS, R.D., Comments on some of the monocotyledons SELES 8 LSE Le tS RRA BORA aE Sn gs a RR 451 HATHOUT, T. & KORD, M., Effects of illumination and darkness on anthocyanin formation in beet seedlings treated with or without n-propanol ....................44. 454 : _ LANDRY, P, A revised synopsis of the white pines (Pinus, Sade RM MMROUINEEOD 9520 crw ne, he a zie eld Gosia § ease sd sean 467 _ “ LANDRY, P, A revised synopsis of the pines 2: the arolla : pines Pinus; section Cembra) 22.05.5550... secs cvwecsincvas 475 i Se LAFERRIERE, J.E., A yellow-fruited form of Prunus gentryi j CAIRN foci cnn kn aan a tg Sd aie mie 0.4 iedlove ae 6 oceiae 482 | ~ LOURTEIG, A., Nomenclatura Plantarum Americanarum. re Ree oir 2, o> ce aieae Ale Ginn. vee 4 eslacele «vias o0\s 483 _ LOURTEIG, A., Sobre un supuesto sinonimo de Pimenta racemosa (P. Miller) J.W. Moore..............2.0e0eeeeees 485 : KING, R.M. & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae : (Asteraceae) CCXXIV: Three previously misplaced South FE ESOT ER ET A Ee TEA AE) IRD DOLE LPN eo 487 _ /“ HOLMES, W.C. & McDANIEL, S., Studies on Mikania (Compositae) XVI: Priority of the name M. dentata Sprengel over M. ternata (Vell. Conc.) B.L. Robinson ........ 489 (continued over) — _- TURNER, B.L., A new species of Rumfordia (Asteraceae, : Heliantheae) from Nuevo Leon, Mexico ..............++++0+- 491 _-TURNER, B.L., New species and new combinations in Mexican Asteraceae (Helianthella, Sabazia and Verbesina) .... 493 MOLDENKE, A., Book reviews ............+ss sss 496 Index to authors in Volume Sixty-five ................-2++0-- 505 Index to supraspecific names in Volume Sixty-five .............. 505 Publication dates ... 25.2.6 5 50222200045 4 0 emis 5 een 512 Yess Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 590 Hemlock Avenue N.W. Corvallis, Oregon 97330-3818 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $16.00 in advance or $17.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mail must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. NOVITATES ANTILLANAE. XV. Alain H. Liogier Botanic Garden - University of Puerto Rico Central Administration. GPO Box 4984-G San Juan, Puerto Rico. 00936 TWO NEW SPECIES OF SOLANACEAE IN HISPANIOLA. Cestrum jimenezii Alain, sp. nov. Frutex 1 m altus; rami teretes pilis pauciramosis et pilis sim- plicibus dense furfuracei; petioli 5-7 mm longi, furfuracei; folia in paria valde inaequalia majora ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, 3-5 cm longa, 0.5-1 cm lata, omnia apice acuminata vel obtusa, basi acuta vel obtusa, saepe inaequilatera, subchartacea, margine inte- gra, supra viridia pilis simplicibus obsita, nervo medio impresso, lateralibus obsoletis, subtus pallidiora, pilis simplicibus obsita nervo medio prominente, lateralibus utroque latere 3-4; inflores- centiae ad ramos ramulosque terminales pauciflorae, saepe ad ramu- los laterales 2-florae, pilis simplicibus obsitae, pedunculi usque 1 cm longi; bracteae inferiores euphylloideae lanceolatae usque 1.5 cm longae, superiores lineares 4-5 mm longae; flores sessiles vel subsessiles; calyx tubulosus vel anguste campanulatus, tubus 4-5 mm longus, 5-nervis, pilosus, lobi 5 triangulari-subulati, 2.5-3 mm longi utrinque pilosuli; corollae non visae; baccae (plane maturae?) oblongae, virides, 7 mm longae, 5 mm latae, glabrae, mi- nute rugosae. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: On the Haitian border, in thickets, at ap- prox. 200 m alt., Elias Pina, 10 Sept. 1968, Alain H. Liogier 12630, holotype (NY, GH, US, P), distributed as Cestrum hotteanum Urb. & Ekm. WA This species may be considered near to C. azuense Urb. & Ekm.; this last species has oblanceolate to oblong leaves, usually longer (up to 9 cm long), the indumentum of dendroid hairs throughout, the calyx lobes much shorter (1 mm long); C. acutifolium Alain has branched hairs throughout, the peduncles up to 6 cm long, the pedi- cels 1-2 mm long. I name this species after the late José J. Jiménez, eminent Dominican Botanist. Witheringia filipes Alain, sp. nov. Suffrutex, sarmentosus, usque 1.5 m longus; rami compressi in sicco bisulcati, pilis simplcibus antrorse curvatis obtecti, 1.5- 2 mm diametro, internodiis usque 4 cm longis; folia in nodis inae- qualia, majora elliptica ad elliptico-lanceolata, 5-8 cm longa, 1.5-3.5 cm lata, apice attenuata usSque acuminata, basi angustata 421 422 BP HeXet 0 6b OG, Tk Vol. 65, Ne=6 et in petiolum contracta inaequilatera, petiolis usque 1 cm lon- gis; folia minora elliptica, usque 3 cm longa, 2 cm lata, apice et basi obtusa, folia omnia nervo medio supra tenuissimo leviter impresso, subtus applanato, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 3-8 supra vix, subtus prominulis, venis laxe reticulatis curvatis et ascendentibus, ad marginem anastomosantibus, utroque facie pilis multicellularibus sparse obsita, laminis viridibus, membranosis; flores axillares 2; pedicelli filiformes, 1-3 cm longi, pilosuli, apice leviter incrassati; calyx cupulatus, 1.5 mm longus, in sta- tu compresso 3.5 mm latus, glaber, apice subtruncatus ciliatus, nervis apice 0.2 mm longe mucronatis; corolla alba 12 mm longa, anguste campanulata, glabra, lobi elliptici apice rotundati 5-6 mm longi, apice cucullati, glabri, uninervi; stamina 4, filamenta glabra aequilonga, libera; antherae ellipsoideae 1.5 mm longae, longitudinaliter dehiscentes; stylus rectus, 1 cm longus, basi sparse pilosus, stigma capitatus; fructus non visus. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona province, Loma Travesia, 800 m alt., Dec. 29, 1982, T. Zanoni, M. Mejia & J. Pimentel 25181 (Holotypus: NY, Isotypus: SD); id. Alain & Perfa Liogier 26190 (NY, SD). This is the first record of the genus in the West Indies. This species is outstanding for its 4 stamens and its pubescence of sim- ple hairs. A. & P. Liogier 26190 presents the smaller leaves in each pair smaller than in the type specimen, and are acute at apex. The island of Hispaniola has a series of plants belonging to Cen- tral and South American genera not found in other Caribbean islands; examples are Fuchsia (2 species in Hispaniola), Pellaea (2 species in Hispaniola), Aspidosperma cuspa (also found in northern South America), Lepechinia (L. urbanii endemic to Hispaniola), Jacquemon- tia sphaerostigma also found in Central America, Adenaria floribun- da, Sicyos lanatus, Talisia (T. jimenezii, endemic to Hispaniola) Chamaesyce dioica, also found in Central America, Chaetocarpus scandens, a South American species, to name only a few. All these plants seem to indicate a very old link between the West Indies and the continent, mainly the Greater Antilles, either through Cuba and/or Jamaica, or directly from Hispaniola to South America. Rio Piedras, P.R. August 1988. 423 ogier, New Hispaniola Solanaceae Li 1989 (181SZ "le ¥ Tuouez) uteTy sadt[TjJ eTsurryITM (O€9ZI JeTsoty *y) ureTy Trzeuewtl wnaqsag SEVEN NEW GENERA IN POTTIACEAE (MUSCI) AND A LECTOTYPE FOR SYNTRICHIA Richard H. Zander Clinton Herbarium, Buffalo Museum of Science 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY 14211 A revisionary study of the moss family Pottiaceae at the generic level has progressed to the point that certain new genera, all belonging to the tribe Pottieae, can be published forthwith. A more complete discussion of each genus will be given when the full study is finally produced, probably as a volume of the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. These new genera are considered distinctive through various combinations of unique or otherwise presumably advanced characteristics for the family, such as pres- ence of laminal border, inflated upper laminal cells, thin and subpercurrent costae, absence of a dorsal costal epidermis, specialized photosynthetic organs, papillose red brood bodies and other perennating organs, pleurocarpy, plicate thecae, and red color response of the upper laminal cell walls to two percent KOH solution. Chenia Zand., gen. nov. Folia ligulata vel spathulata, margine superiore irregulatim dentata projectionibus medicellularibus acutis in papillam lateralem simplicem tenuem terminantibus armata; costa tenuis; stratum costale stereidarum pertenue vel interdum absens; epidermis costalis dorsalis praesens; cellulae laminales superiores magnae, hexagonale protuberantes, parietibus tenuibus praeditae, tenuiter trigonae, epapillosis; color laminalis in hydroxido kalii rubescens. Plants forming turf, occasionally rosulate, green above, brownish below. Stems seldom branching, 0.2-1.0 cm in length, transverse section rounded, central strand weak to strong, sclerodermis present, hyalodermis absent; rhizoids usually few. Leaves appressed and somewhat contorted when dry, spreading when moist, ligulate to spathulate, 1.5-2.5 mm in length, upper lamina occasionally grooved along costa, plane or broadly channeled, margins ee costa weak, ending several (6-9) cells before the apex or percurrent, ventral and dorsal superficial cells short-rectangular, narrower than laminal cells, costal transverse section rounded to elliptical, stereid band very weak or occasionally absent, rounded in shape, ventral and dorsal epidermis present, guide cells 2 in 1 layer, hydroid strand present, small to large; upper laminal cells large, bulging-hexagonal, 15-18 um in width, 1:1, walls thin, weakly ae ee teeth may be interpreted as ending in sharp, simple papillae); basal cells differentiated across the leaf base (except for one row of marginal cells similar to the upper cells), rectangular, ca. 20-25 um in width, 2-4:1, walls thin, weakly trigonous. Propagula when present borne on rhizoids in soil, irregularly rounded to clavate, ca. 100-130 um in longest dimension. Dioicous, 424 1989 Zander, Genera of Pottiaceae 425 Perichaetia terminal, inner leaves little different from the cauline, slightly larger. Seta ca. 1.2 cm in length, reddish brown, twisted clockwise; theca ca. 2 mm in length, brown, cylindrical, exothecial cells rectangular, 20-25 um in width, 2-4:1, thin-walled, stomates at base of theca, phaneropore, annulus of 2-3 layers of strongly vesiculose cells, persistent; peristome teeth 16, filamen- tous, somewhat anastomosing, densely branching-spiculose, ca. 400 um in length, with ca. 5 articulations, nearly straight or weakly twisted counter- clockwise, basal membrane 25-35 um in height, low spiculose. Operculum short- to long-conic, 500-650 um in length, cells twisted weakly counterclock- wise. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, 1.5-2.0 mm in length. Spores ca. 10 um in Type: Tortula subobliqua Williams. are ae Named as a tribute to Pan-chieh Chen, whose 1941 "Studien iber die ostasiatischen Arten der Pottiaceae" remains a superb treatment of the Chinese representation of the family. Chenia is a genus of two species found on soil from sea level to nearly 3000 meters elevation in North and South America, Europe, eastern Asia and Australia. This genus is easily distinguished from other Tortula-like species by the combination of the dentate upper leaf margins, large, epapillose upper laminal cells, a thin costa, and red coloration in KOH. The last may have to be determined by examination of the upper laminal cell walls under high magnification because of the dense yellow-green of the chlorophyll over- whelming the coloration of the very thin cell walls. The leaf teeth are each tipped with a single simple papilla. The Andean C. obliqua, unlike the weedy species C. rhizophylla, bears sporophytes. The relationships of Chenia are possibly ‘closest with Gymnostomiella. New combinations: Chenia rhizophylla (Sak.) Zand. (Physcomitrium rhizophyllum Sak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 469, 1938; Tortula rhizophylla (Sak.) Iwats. & Saito); BUF!, PAC!; illustration in Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 16: 78, 1973 and elsewhere. Chenia subobliqua (Williams) Zand. (Tortula subobliqua Williams, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 4(5): 128, 1927, type: Peru, Huariaca, Bryan 353, NY!); illustration: Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 5: 128, 1927. Dolotortula Zand., gen. nov. Folia spathulata, margine angusta cartilaginea e cellulis stereidarum composita, usque in crassitudine 4 cellulas, in vel sub apicem terminanti; epidermis costae dorsalis praesens; cellulae laminales supernae hexagonae vel brevirectangulares, parietibus magnis tenuibus, saepe tenuiter trigonis, epapil- losis praeditae; color laminalis in hydroxido kalii rubescens. Plants in a loose turf, green above, brownish green below. Stems seldom branching, to 1.5 cm in length, transverse section round, central strand present, distinct, sclerodermis and hyalodermis absent; weakly rhizoidiferous. Leaves contorted, appressed when dry, widely spreading and somewhat rosulate when moist, spathulate, 2.5-4.0 mm in length, upper lamina flat, very weakly channeled along the costa, margins weakly recurved below midleaf, entire, eee eee ae eC cial cells ventrally long-rectangular, dorsally narrowly elongate, costal trans- verse section round, stereid band weak and round in shape, ventral and 426 Pel YT nO LiOvG gkeA Vol. 65, No. 6 on both sides; papillae absent; basal cells scarcely differentiated, short- rectangular, ca. 30 um in width, 2-3:1, walls thin. Dioicous. Perichaetia terminal, inner leaves slightly larger than the cauline., Seta 1.0-1.3 cm in length, red-brown, twisted clockwise; theca ca. 1.7-2.0 mm in length, red- or yellow-brown, cylindrical, exothecial cells thin-walled, hexagonal to short- rectangular, 25-35 um in width, stomates at base of theca, phaneropore, annulus of 3-4 rows of vesiculose cells, persistent; peristome teeth ca. 32, filamentous, anastomosing at base, densely spiculose, ca. 1000 um in length, with many articulations, weakly twisted counterclockwise, basal membrane ca. 70 um in height, densely spiculose-papillose. Operculum not seen (blunt-conic e descr.). Calyptra not seen. Spores 10-13 um in diameter, yellowish, weakly Type: Barbula mniifolia Sull. i A rare monotypic genus of scattered distribution, found on soil (often calcareous), at moderate elevations in Mexico, West Indies, Central America and the Andes of South America. Among the three genera with epapillose, very large upper laminal cells (Chenia, Dolotortula and Sagenotortula), Dolo- tortula is unusual in its strong, multistratose border of stereid cells. Species of Tortula with bordered leaves and large upper laminal cells have somewhat the same appearance as Dolotortula, but these have (broadly) acute leaf apices, uni- to bistratose borders of substereid cells, at least weakly papillose upper laminal cells, and have a yellow laminal KOH reaction It appears unrelated to Sagenotortula because of the Syntrichia-like costal section of the latter genus, while Chenia is probably derived from borderless, serrate-mar- gined species of Tortula or from ancestors of Gymnostomiella. Tortula domin- gensis, which Crum and Steere indicated was "doubtfully distinct" from D. mniifolia (as Tortula), is actually a Brachymenium (isotype, US!). New combination: Dolotortula mniifolia (Sul) Zand. (Barbula mniifolia Sull., Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 277, 1861, type: Cuba, Wright, Musc. Cub. 33, BM!; Tortula mniifolia (Sull.) Mitt.); also BUF!, FH!, TENN!; illustration in Nat. PfL ed. 2, 10: 298, 1924. Ganguleea Zand., gen. nov. Plantae rosulatae; caules filo centrali carentes; folia in sicco incurva tubulosaque spathulata vel oblongo-elliptica; lamina superna marginam incurvam formans; basis folii perangusta supra insertionem constricta; cellulae laminales supernae ventraliter valde protuberantes, dorsaliter subplanae; papillae absen- tes; pleurocarpae, perichaetia in ramulo laterali brevi ferentes; theca 8-plicata, dentibus peristomialibus carens; color laminalis in hydroxido kalii lutescens. Plants in a loose turf, green above, brown to blackish brown below, rosulate. Stems branching rather often, to 0.3 cm in length, transverse section rounded elliptical to triangular, central strand absent, sclerodermis absent or present (variable in same stem), hyalodermis absent; rhizoids sparse. Leaves incurved and tubulose when dry, spreading when moist, spathulate to oblong- elliptical, 1.5-2.0 mm in length, upper lamina broadly channeled, margins incurved, entire; apex broadly rounded and apiculate; base very narrow, constricted above the insertion; costa Subpercurrent to short-excurrent as a sharp mucro, costa with lamina inserted ventrally but divergent at 180 degrees, superficial cells rounded quadrate, bulging ventrally, dorsally elon- gate, 2-4 rows of cells across costa ventrally at midleaf, costal transverse section circular, stereid band strong and circular in shape, ventral and dorsal epidermis present, cells flattened, guide cells 2, flattened-elliptical, in 1 layer, hydroid strand absent; upper laminal cells rounded-quadrate to hexagon- 1989 Zander, Genera of Pottiaceae 427 al, 8-12 um in width, 1:1, lumens usually rounded, walls usually evenly thick- ened, superficially strongly bulging ventrally, nearly flat dorsally; papillae absent; basal cells differentiated only in a small, triangular, juxtacostal area near the insertion, bulging rectangular, ca. 18 um in width, 2-3:1, walls thin to thickened and trigonous. Autoicous, paroicous, occasionally apparently rhizautoicous. Pleurocarpous. Perichaetia borne on a short lateral branch, inner perichaetiate leaves lanceolate, entire to weakly serrulate, short, to 0.8 mm in length, not sheathing, lower cells short-rectangular to rhomboidal, walls thin. Perigonia borne in clusters just below perichaetia, occasionally terminal on a separate plant. Seta 2.5-5.5 mm in length, brown, twisted clockwise; theca 0.5-0.8 mm in length, brown, often glistening, ovate, macro- stomous, with 8 plicae, exothecial cells thin-walled, quadrate to short-rectan- along ridges of plicae, stomates phaneropore, at base of capsule, annulus of 2 rows of thin-walled, weakly vesiculose cells; peristome teeth absent. Oper- culum long-conic to rostrate, erect, ca. 0.7 mm in length, cells straight. Calyptra long-conic, not cleft, inserted on operculum, smooth to somewhat rough apically with projecting cell walls, ca. 1 mm in length. Spores 10-13 um in diameter, light yellow, essentially smooth. Laminal KOH color reaction yellow. = Type: Merceyopsis angulosa Broth. & Dix. Named in honor of H. C. Gangulee, whose "Mosses of Eastern India and Adjacent Regions," finished in 1980, is an important and valuable treatment for the mosses of this bryologically rich area. A rarely collected monotypic genus found on soil over rock in the Himalayas of India and Nepal, and recently collected in a mountainous region of southeastern Brazil (Schkfer-Verwimp 8403, BUF). Like Anoectangium, Molendoa and Pleurochaete, this genus bears its sporophytes laterally on the main stem axis, at the ends of very short branches bearing rather highly modified perichaetial leaves. It is, however, monoicous. There is considerable resemblance to Weisiopsis, reflected in the combination Weisiopsis angulosa (Broth. & Dix.) Hilp., especially in the leaves with narrowed base, colliculate ventral surface, margin incurved, and costal section with a usually very strong and rounded stereid band. Ganguleea may be derived from that genus through loss of the stem central strand, further narrowing of the leaf base, loss of peristome, and development of pleurocarpy. New combination: Ganguleea angulosa (Broth. & Dix.) Zand. (Merceyopsis angulosa Broth. & Dix., J. Bot. 48: 302, 1910, type: India, Sikkim, Decoly & Schaul 1899, H!; Weisiopsis angulosa (Broth. & Dix.) Hilp.); also BM!, BUF; illustration in Gangulee, Mosses East. India Adj. Reg. 3: 769, 1972. Hilpertia Zander, gen. nov Folia ovata vel orbicularia; lamina superna plerumque concava, margine valde revoluta, apice hyalino in area distincta apicali praedita; costa angusta sed apicem versus sensim latior, in aristam excurrens, epidermide dorsaliter carens; cellulae laminales supernae parietibus dorsalibus superficialibus per incrassatis praeditae, apicales rhomboidales vel fusiformes, laeves, marginales amplificatae valde chlorophyllosae; papillae cellulares in folii mediano absentes, plerumque in margine revoluta cavae; color laminalis in hydroxido kalii rubescens. Plants forming loose cushions, greenish brown above, light brown below. Stems branching irregularly, to 1.0 cm in length, transverse section rounded- pentagonal, central strand distinct, sclerodermis not or weakly differentiated, 428 BOWOY oT 0.8 1 Gt A Vol. 65, No. 6 hyalodermis absent; rhizoids rare. Leaves crowded, larger above, appressed and tightly spiralled when dry, weakly spreading when moist, ovate to orbicular, 1.3-2.0 mm in length (including awn), upper lamina flat to more usually quite concave, margins strongly revolute (to 2 times), entire or broadly toothed at or near the base of the awn; apex broadly acute, hyaline in an apical patch eee dorsally absent, guide cells 2 in 1 layer, hydroid strand present; upper laminal cells hexagonal to short-rectangular or rhomboidal, 14-25 um in width, 2-4:1, internal walls thin to thickened and porose, dorsal superficial walls much thickened, weakly convex superficially on both sides, cells of leaf apex rhomboidal to fusiform, smooth, cells of revolute margin enlarged, strongly chlorophyllose; papillae absent on medial cells, usually hollow-papillose on cells of revolute margins; basal cells weakly differentiated, rectangular, ca. 16-18 um in width, 2-3:1, walls thin. Propagula when present (1-)3-4 celled, brown, spherical to elliptical, mostly 30-50 um in length, borne on basal rhizoids. Synoicous, paroicous, autoicous or apparently dioicous but probably rhizautoicous. Perichaetia terminal, inner leaves usually differentiated, long- oval, margins usually little differentiated, to 1.7 mm in length, sheathing, lower cells rectangular, very thin-walled. Perigonia lateral or occasionally terminal on a separate plant. Seta 3.5-4.0 mm in length, yellow-brown, twisted counterclockwise above, clockwise below; theca 1.2-1.5 mm in length, yellow- brown, elliptical, occasionally weakly ventricose, exothecial cells ca. 16-23 um in width, 2-3:1, thin-walled, stomates phaneropore, on capsule neck, annulus of 3 rows of smaller, quadrate, highly vesiculose cells; peristome teeth 32, linear, densely branching-spiculose, 300-700 um in length, with many articula- tions, twisted counterclockwise about 1/2 turn, basal membrane short, to 45 um in height, papillose-spiculose. Operculum broadly short- to long-conic, 0.4- 1.0 mm in length, cells twisted 1/2 turn counterclockwise. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, ca. 2.8 mm in length. Spores 13-16 um in diameter, light brown, indistinctly papillose. Laminal KOH color reaction red. Type: Tortula scotteri Zand. & Steere. Named for Friedrich Hilpert, a student of T. Herzog. Hilpert's 1933 publication of his doctoral dissertation "Studien zur Systematik der Tricho- stomaceen" provided a detailed overview of the genera of Pottiaceae exclusive of Pottioideae. This is a genus of two‘species found on soil in the Northwest Terri- tories of Canada and several countries of eastern Europe. The modification of the upper laminal margins of Hilpertia into tubes of photosynthetic tissue is paralleled in species of Pseudocrossidium and to a lesser extent in Tortula revolvens (Schimp.) Roth. Hilpertia has many of the features of species of Acaulon including the ovate (rather concave) leaf shape, thin costa, upper laminal cells often hyaline apically and dorsally thick-walled (as easily seen in section), a hyaline awn, and red KOH color reaction. Hilpertia is easily distinguished from Acaulon by its revolute leaf margins, elongate stems, elongate setae, and peristomate, cylindrica] capsules. On the other hand, the leaves of Stegonia latifolia (Schwaegr.) Vent. ex Broth., are in most respects identical morphologically with those of Hilpertia. Hilpertia differs by the elaboration of the leaf margins and development of a red KOH reaction. New combinations: Hilpertia scotteri (Zand. & Steere) Zand. (Tortula scotteri Zand. & Steere, Bryologist 81: 463, 1978, type: Canada, Northwest Territories, Nahanni Natl. Park, Scotter 24114, BUF); illustration in Bryologist 1989 Zander, Genera of Pottiaceae 429 81: 464, 1978. Hilpertia velenovskyi (Schiffn.) Zand. (Tortula velenovskyi Schiffn., Nov. Act. Ac. Leop. Car. 58(7): 480, 1893); FH!; illustration with orig. descr. Sagenotortula Zand., gen. nov. Filum caulis centralis praesens, saepe valdum, caulisque centraliter fistulosus; folia in sicco subtorta, late ligulata vel spathulata, marginem planam integram formantia; costa sub 4 cellulas apicis terminales terminans vel percurrens, strato stereidarum subevoluto praedita, tenuiter substereida et reniformis; cellulae supernae laminales hexagonae, permagnae, parietibus tenuibus praeditae, saepe subtrigonae, papillis carentes; propagula e corporibus generationis rubris projectiones superficiales breves dispersos ferentibus composita, in tomento plantarum perigonigenarum prodientia; color laminalis in hydroxido kalii rubescens. Plants loosely caespitose or turf-forming, green above, greenish brown below. Stems branching occasionally, especially from just below perichaetia, to 2.0 cm in length, transverse section round to elliptical, central strand present, often strong, or stem centrally hollow, sclerodermis absent, hyalodermis little contorted when dry, erect to weakly spreading when moist, broadly ligulate to spathulate, 3-5 mm in length, upper lamina flat or very broadly and shallowly channeled, margins plane, occasionally broadly incurved above, entire (occasionally distantly bluntly toothed, especially evident in young leaves); apex broadly acute, occasionally with a broad, blunt apiculus; costa ending ca. 4 cells below apex to percurrent, superficial cells quadrate to hexagonal or short-rectangular ventrally, dorsally rectangular, costal trans- verse section somewhat rounded, stereid band little developed, weakly sub- stereid and reniform in shape, ventral epidermis present, dorsal epidermis absent, guide cells 2 in 1 layer, hydroid strand present, often large; upper laminal cells hexagonal, occasionally quadrate or short-rectangular, very large, (25-)40-60(-75) in width, 1(-2):1, walls thin, occasionally evenly somewhat thickened, often weakly trigonous, superficially convex on both sides; papillae absent; basal cells differentiated in lower 1/4 of leaf either completely across leaf or just medially, rectangular, ca. 35-60 um in width, 2-4:1, walls thin to somewhat thickened. Red brood bodies borne on tomentum of perigoniate plants, ellip-tical to spherical, 50-65 um in longest dimension, bearing super ficially scattered short peg-like projections. Dioicous. Perichaetia terminal, inner leaves slightly larger than the cauline, to 6 mm in length. Perigonia terminal, comparatively large, inner leaves ovate. Seta ca. 2.5 em in length, red-brown, twisted counterclockwise above, occasionally clockwise below; theca 3-4 mm in length, red-brown, cylindrical, exothecial cells long-rectan- gular, thin-walled, 20-25 um in width, 3:5-1, stomates at base Of theca, phaneropore, annulus of 2-3 rows of vesiculose cells, apparently deciduous in pieces; peristome teeth 32, filamentous, low-spiculose, ca. 1000 um, with many articulations, twisted counterclockwise once, basal membrane to 200 um in height, low-spiculose to crazed. Operculum conic, 1.5-1.7 mm in length, cells twisted counterclockwise. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, ca. 4.5 mm in length. Spores 10-12 um in diameter, tan, essentially smooth. Laminal KOH color reaction red oper Type: Tortula quitoensis Tayl. in Hook. A monotypic genus found on rocks and soil at rather high elevations in Mexico and the Andes of South America. Sagenotortula is distinguished from other genera of Pottiaceae by the unique red brood bodies that have numer- 430 PORN AY oT 1060 0 1G7 A Vol. 65, No. 6 ous short, narrow, blunt papilla-like projections, and from other genera of Pottieae that have large, epapillose upper laminal cells by the entire, unbor- dered margins and the extremely large upper laminal cells. The brood bodies were found only on perigoniate plants, being uncolored and transparent when young, and were distributed in the tomentum along the entire length of the stem; rhizoids are occasionally produced apically from the longer superficial projections. The lack of a dorsal costal epidermis indicates that this genus could have been derived from Syntrichia (see key below) through loss of papillae, inflation of the laminal cells, and elaboration of the unique brood body. New combination: Sagenotortula quitoensis (Tay in Hook.) Zand. (Tortula quitoensis Tayl. in Hook., London J. Bot. 6: 332, 1847, type: Ecuador, Jameson s.n., NY!); additional specimen at TENN!; illustration in Nat. Pfl. ed. 2, 10: 299, 1924. Saitoa Zand., gen. nov. Folia late oblongo-ovata, elliptica vel suborbicularia, lamina superna coneava formantia, margine e cellulis crasso-muralibus luminibus subrotundis ornatis in seriebus 15-18 dispositis composita; costa sub 2-3 cellulas apicis terminales terminans, distaliter crassissima, in superficie costali folii distali regionem incrassatam ventaliter protuberantem, eamdem regionem dorsaliter planam, cellulis ducum carens; papillae laminales in area parva laminali juxta costam restrictae; color laminalis in hydroxido kalii saturatim rubescens,. Small terete plants growing in dense turf, deep reddish brown above, reddish tan below. Stems pseudodichotomously branching occasionally, to 4 mm in length, transverse section rounded pentagonal, central strand distinct, sclerodermis absent, hyalodermis absent; sparsely radiculose. Leaves closely appressed when dry, weakly spreading when moist, broadly oblong-obovate, elliptic or suborbicular, 0.5-0.6 mm in length, upper lamina concave and apex short-rectangular, papillose, dorsally elongate, smooth or papillose, 4-5 rows of cells across costa ventrally at midleaf, ventral surface of upper costa forming a bulging pad of 1 layer of papillose cells, costal transverse section reversed semicircular (dorsally flattened), stereid band present dorsally, strong, ventral epidermis strongly differentiated, of thin-walled, papillose cells, dorsal epidermis absent or of thick-walled bulging cells with larger quadrate to short-rectangular, 6-10 um in width, 1-2:1, walls thin to thick- ened, superficially weakly and equally bulging on both sides of lamina; papillae restricted to 4 small area of the lamina near the costa, small, mostly bifid, hollow or solid, about 4-6 per lumen; basal cells differentiated across the leaf base, quadrate to short-rectangular, ca. 16-18 um in width, 1-2:1, walls thin. Sexual structures and sporophyte unknown. Laminal KOH color reaction deep red. Tol Type: Globulina peruviana Williams. Named for Kamezo Saito in recognition of his important contributions te the study of the Pottiaceae, especially his 1975 "Monograph of the Japan- ese Pottiaceae." A monotypic genus found on soil over volcanic rock at high elevations 1989 Zander, Genera of Pottiaceae 431 in Peru, Ecuador and Mexico. This genus is set up to contain S. peruviana, which has been recognized in Globulinella for some time, being similar in the concave, ovate to rounded leaf shape and rather thick costa ending before the apex. Saitoa considerably differs, however, in the upper lamina bordered by many rows of rhomboidal, thick-walled cells, upper laminal cells papillose in a medial patch, costa lacking guide cells, and red KOH reaction. There are no immediately apparent close relatives to Saitoa. The presence of a clearly differentiated dorsal costal epidermis in at least some leaves is indication of a lack of relationship with Syntrichia. New combination: Saitoa peruviana (Williams) Zand. (Globulina peruviana Williams, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 325, 1916, type: Peru, Araranca, Cook & Gilbert 177a, NY!; Globulinella peruviana (Williams) Steere ex Steere & Cha- pm.); also BUF!, FH!, MICH!, TENN!; illustration in Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 43: 325, 1916. Stonea Zander, gen. nov. Caules perbreves; folia obovata vel brevi-lingulata, plerumque latioria quam longa, laminas supernas late profundeque concavas et margines planas, apices saepe cucullatos facientes; costa percurrens, cellullas superficiales plerumque ventraliter protuberenti-capitulatas, dorsaliter acutim apicem versus papillosas, stratum stereidarum tenuem et in ambitu rotundatum, epidermidem ventralem plerumque valde protuberantem, dorsalem praesentem vel non faciens, saepe in excrescentia magna ventraliter protuberanti rotundata oleacea expansa; papillae laminales dorsaliter juxta costa in apice folii solo praesentes; color laminalis in hydroxido kalii rubescens. Plants gregarious, mostly buried in soil, green above, reddish-brown below. Stems seldom branching, very short, to 0.3 mm in length, transverse section rounded, central strand absent, sclerodermis absent, hyalodermis absent; lower stem clothed with fine rhizoids. Leaves incurved when dry, weakly spreading when moist, obovate or short- lingulate, occasionally wider concave, n margins enue entire or dentate = apex; apex usually broadly and often also sharply apiculate, usually cucullate; costa percurrent or occasionally ending 1-2 cells below apex, superficial cells quadrate, papillose, usually bulging-capitulate ventrally, dorsally elongate, sharply papillose near apex dorsally, ca. 3 rows of cells across costa ventrally at midleaf, costal trans- verse section semicircular to circular, stereid band weak and rounded in shape, ventral epidermis present, often strongly bulging, dorsal epidermis usually present, guide cells 2 in one layer or absent, hydroid strand absent, costa often expanded as a large, ventrally bulging, rounded, oil-rich excres- cence nearly as wide as the leaf but this present in only the easily detached uppermost leaves; upper laminal cells quadrate, ca. 13 um in width, 1:1, walls thin, superficially weakly convex on both sides of lamina; laminal papillae present only dorsally at leaf apex near costa, 1-3 per lumen, simple, hollow to solid; basal cells only weakly differentiated, quadrate to short-rectangular, ca. 15 um in width, 1-2:1, walls thin. Apparently dioicous (naked axillary arche- gonia reported in original description). Sporophytes and androgametophytes unknown. Laminal KOH color reaction red. Named for Ilma G. Stone, whose treatments of Australian aridland mosses are important contributions to the study of Pottiaceae. Type: Tortula oleaginosa Stone. A monotypic genus found on soil or thin soil over limestone in dry areas of southern Australia. Stonea has a swollen, oil-rich lenticular knob on 432 PHY. T. Op iy, 0G, TB Vol. 65, No. 6 the ventral surface of the upper costa of the very uppermost leaves on the stem. Leaves farther down on the stem lack this excrescence, but instead have protruding, bottle-shaped, papillose cells much like those on the costa of Crossidium aberrans Holz. & Bartr,; the new genus is entirely red in KOH and has plane margins, characters absent in Crossidium, Stonea has some of the characteristics of Syntrichia; S. caninervis Mitt. has a similar spinose-papillose dorsal surface of the costa, a very small immature habit, and similar oil globules in its upper laminal cells, but Stonea differs by its obovate leaves with plane margins, upper laminal cells smooth except for the extreme upper marginal cells and the tip of the costa, and a dorsal epidermis present in the costa. New combination: Stonea oleaginosa (Stone) Zand. (Tortula oleaginosa Stone, J. Bryol. 10: 117, 1978, type: Australia, Victoria, Murray Vally Hwy, Stone 1552, MELU!); illustration with orig. descr. Lectotypification of Syntrichia Study to date supports recognition of the genus Syntrichia Brid., the correct name at the genus level for Tortula sect. Rurales De Not. (Mem. R. Acc. Sc. Torino 40: 286, 1838. Type: Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaetrn., Meyer & Scherb.) as conceived by W. Kramer (Bryoph. Biblioth. 21, 1980). Kramer just- ifiedly emphasized the taxonomic importance of the dorsally exposed stereid band, it being not covered by parenchymatous or otherwise differentiated epidermal cells. Bridel's genus Syntrichia lacked indication of a type and has not to date been lectotyped. It was meant by Bridel to contain species with a high basal membrane that were previously recognized in Barbula; the actual combinations were made later. Syntrichia originally included as syntypes S. ruralis (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr, S. agraria (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr and S. erice- torum (With ) Brid. Of these, Syntrichia ruralis most appropriately fits Bridel's generic description, and I here designate it the lectotype of Syntrichia Brid.: Syntrichia Brid., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1(2): 299, 19 April 1801 (fide Sayre, Dates of Publications Describing Musci, 1801-1821, Troy, New York, 1959). Type: Barbula ruralis Hedw (Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr), lectotypus nov. Key to Pottieae This key distinguishes the seven new genera from other genera with one stereid band (except Neohyophila which occasionally has two) and broad, usually obovate leaves. The key summarizes my studies to date and reflects a strong emphasis on characters of the gametophyte Thus, recognition of sporophyte reduction series in several genera of the Pottieae provides an acceptable way to group taxa by many, distinctive, shared, mostly presumably advanced characters of the gametophyte. For this reason, species with very similar gametophytes but reduced sporophytes may be placed together: e g¢. Tortula Hedw. must include the generitypes of Desmatodon Brid., Pottia (Reichenb.) Ehrh. ex Fuernr. and Phascum Hedw. Laminal color reaction refers to color of the upper cell walls (examination at high magnification is some- times necessary) in two percent KOH solution. Formal lists of synonymy and new combinations at the species level appropriate for these species concepts will be made anon with the full generic revision. The key requires sectioning of the leaves; the reader is refered to Taxon 28: 643-644, 1979 and Bryologist 88: 215-220, 1985 for a review of appropriate techniques. 1989 Zander, Genera of Pottiaceae 433 1 Upper laminal cells epapillose; stem lacking a central strand 2 2 Upper laminal cells rectangular to rhombic, occasionally fusiform in apex of leaf, 15-20 um in width, 2(-3):1; propagula often present on leaves; laminal color reaction usually KOH red, rarely yellow Streptopogon 2 Upper laminal cells rounded quadrate to hexagonal or short-rectangular, ca. 8-14 um in width; propagula rare, borne on stalks in leaf axils; laminal color reaction KOH yellow Scopelophila 1 Upper laminal papillae or stem central strand present, or, more usually, both present at once 3 3 Small (to 0.6 cm in height) plants with obovate leaves, upper margins closely crenulate or serrulate; costa thin, ending several cells below the apex; upper laminal cells thin-walled, rhomboidal to short-rectangular, with one or two simple papillae per lumen; propagula often present and relatively large, usually longer than the leaves; lamina K yellow, pink or black Gymnostomiella 3 Not the above combination of characters; propagula much shorter than leaves 4 4 Upper lamina KOH yellow (occasionally brick red locally at leaf base or medially in upper leaf associated with local wall thickening) or rarely orange throughout (if so then hydroid strand absent or smooth hyaline awn present); stereid band rounded, or if semicircular, then consisting of only a few stereid cells; dorsal costal epidermis usually present, usually completely covering the dorsal costal surface 5 5 Cauline leaves lanceolate or ligulate, grooved narrowly and deeply along the costa; perichaetia lateral on main stem, dioicous -Anoectangium 5 Not this combination of characters (cauline leaves usually ovate to spathulate, usually shallowly grooved along costa; perichaetia seldom lateral on main stem, or if so then monoicous) 6 6 Upper laminal cells bulging ventrally and nearly flat dorsally (Globulinella may be sought here) 7 7 Stem central strand absent; leaves very strongly constricted at base, 1/3 to 1/4 the leaf width; perichaetia lateral on main axis Ganguleea 7 Stem central strand present; leaves not strongly narrowing basally; perichaetia terminal on main axis 8 8 Leaf basal cells usually sharply differentiated, inflated; costa never with two stereid bands; peristome when present consist- ing of 16 widely spaced, mostly entire filaments Weisiopsis 8 Leaf basal cells gradually and only somewhat differentiated in size from upper cells; costa occasionally with two stereid bands; peristome of 16 closely spaced teeth cleft in two Neohyophila 6 Upper laminal cells about equally convex on both free sides 9 9 Upper lamina KOH orange; leaf hydroid strand absent; upper lamina] marginal cells swollen (ca. 4 rows having larger lumens than the medial cells as seen in section) Crumia Upper lamina KOH yellow; leaf hydroid strand usually present; upper laminal marginal cells not or scarcely different from the medial, or their lumens generally narrowly rectangular and smaller in section than those of the medial cells 10 10 Upper margins broadly incurved; leaf apex cucullate, often deeply so 9 wo 434 PUA We TsO) O-Ge tok Vol. 65, No. 6 11 Costa with a ventral pad of filaments Aloinella 11 Costa ventral cells merely bulging Globulinella 10 Upper margins usually plane or recurved; leaf apex occasional- ly somewhat cucullate 12 12 Specialized photosynthetic tissue elaborated as ventral costal filaments or lamellae 13 13 Costa with ventral longitudinal lamellae of 2 or more cells in height Pterygoneurum 13 Costa with a ventral pad of filaments (these occasionally only one cell in height) Crossidium 12 Specialized photosynthetic tissue absent or represented by a ventral costal bulging pad of fused cells 14 14 Leaves very broadly ovate or nearly circular (usually as broad as long, dorsal superficial cell walls thicker (as seen in section) than those of the ventral; costa thin, ending before the apex or excurrent as a smooth hyaline awn from a triangular hyaline leaf apex Stegonia 14 Leaves usually ovate to elliptical or spathulate, superficial cell walls equally thick; costa usually excurrent as a short, greenish yellow, weakly serrulate mucro or a hyaline awn; apex not of differentiated hyaline laminal cells Tortula 4 Upper lamina KOH brick red, rarely nearly colorless or orange (if orange then with a strong laminal border); stereid band crescent- shaped, semicircular or less commonly rounded; dorsal costal epidermis variously present or absent 15 15 Upper laminal cells large (most at least 18 um in width, in one species to 50 um in diameter), not papillose, weakly trigonous; costa very weak and often ending below the apex, stereid band much reduced or absent 16 16 Leaves with a multistratose berder of stereid cells Dolotortula 16 Leaves unbordered NG 17 Leaves entire, upper laminal cells 35-50 um in diameter Sagenotortula 17 Leaves sharply dentate above, upper laminal cells 18-22 um in diameter Chenia 15 Upper laminal cells usually small or moderately enlarged (9-18 um in width), papillose with bi- to multifid papillae, not trigonous or if so then costa strong; costa usually well developed, often percurrent or excurrent, stereid band distinct, consisting of several stereid cells (or if costa thin then costa excurrent or upper leaf margins recurved) 18 18 Upper ventral costal surface of some upper leaves bearing a large, oil-rich excrescence (but cf. Phascopsis brood leaves) nearly the width of the leaf Stonea 18 Upper ventral costal surface lacking outgrowths or these con- sisting of chlorophyll-rich filaments 19 19 Upper laminal cells consisting of mostly a very broad border of smooth, thick-walled and rhomboidal cells, with a small triangular region (1-4 rows) of hollow-papillose, relatively thin-walled and subquadrate cells found medially next to the costa Saitoa 19 Upper laminal cells relatively homogeneous except occasionally with a narrow border of differentiated cells 20 1989 Zander, Genera of Pottiaceae 435 20 Leaves plane throughout; upper laminal cells laxly rectangular, often 2:1 thin-walled, usually with many (ca. 6) small bifid papillae, superficial walls flat to very weakly convex (best viewed in section); dorsal costal epidermis often not clearly differentiated 21 21 Leaves without a differentiated border; stereid band "wrap- ping around" the hydroid strand in some leaves, guide cells often apparently absent Phascopsis 21 Leaves with a distinct marginal or intramarginal border of short-rectangular to elongate cells; stereid band dorsal to hydroid strand when present, guide cells present Hennediella 20 Leaf margins plane or more often recurved below, if bordered then usually by thicker walled isodiametric cells; upper laminal cells subquadrate to hexagonal, mostly 1:1, walls firm, thin to somewhat thickened or collenchymatous, usually with 1-4 bifid or multiplex papillae, superficial walls usually strongly convex; dorsal costal epidermis often clearly differentiated 22 22 Dorsal costal epidermis (best viewed in section) of enlarged cells or thin-walled cells present, usually completely covering the stereid band 23 23 Photosynthetic filaments present on the broad costa and the medially bistratose lamina Aloina 23 Photosynthetic filaments absent, lamina unistratose 24 24 Upper laminal margins deeply revolute, marginal cells enlarged, thin-walled and highly chlorophyllose Hilpertia 24 Upper laminal margins plane to recurved, marginal cells similar to the medial cells or modified as a border of rectangular, rhomboidal or thick-walled cells 25 25 Stems very short, leaves deeply concave and short-ov- ate, capsule spherical or very short-ovoid, cleistocar- pous and lacking an apiculus, seta usually very short and very thin, calyptra smooth Acaulon 25 Stems elongate, leaves ovate-lanceolate, elliptical or lanceloate, capsule ovate to cylindrical, cleistocarpous and apiculate or stegocarpous, seta short and stout or elongate, calyptra often roughened with simple, hemi- spherical papillae Microbryum 22 Dorsal epidermis absent, dorsal superficial cells of costa (best viewed in section) not being distinctly different from the internal stereid cells 26 26 Upper laminal papillae one over each lumen, simple or forking; upper laminal cells collenchymatous; clavate to raspberry-like propagula often present on lamina or costa Calyptopogon 26 Upper lamina] papillae bi- to multifid; upper laminal cells with thin or evenly thickened cell walls or occasionally collenchymatous; propagula seldom present 27 27 Stereid band usually semicircular; seta short (less than 3 mm in length); annulus bulging-reflexed; propagula when present borne on leaves; perichaetial leaves sometimes very strongly differentiated Willia 436 PHY T:0,0)0 ¢ I-A Vol. 65; ‘Noz6 2 Stereid band usually crescent-shaped; seta elongate (more than 3.5 mm in length); annular cells generally vesiculose, not bulging-reflexed; propagula rare, axillary and leaf-like, consisting of fragile leaf apices or very rarely borne on lamina; perichaetial leaves usually not or only weakly differentiated Syntrichia The research on which this report is based was supported in part by grant BSR-8314843 from the National Science Foundation. I thank H. Robinson for valuable comments on a draft of the manuscript. A. J. Fife indicated to me (in litt.) that Hennediella might prove a distinct genus; the larger concept above, however, is my own. P. M. Eckel provided the Latin descriptions. ADDITIONS TO THE DICOTYLEDONS OF LOUISIANA R. Dale Thomas The Herbarium, Northeast Louisiana University Monroe, Louisiana 71209 Several lists of the plants of Louisiana have been published. Thomas and Allen published checklists of the dicotyledons (1982) and the monocotyledons, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms (1984) in which they attempted to list all the vascular plants known from literature and from herbarium specimens. Several of these were left off from the published list because of errors made by Thomas during the typing of the manuscripts. A list of these omitted plants occurs at the end of this article. MacRoberts published an annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Louisiana in 1984. He made extensive use of the two lists by Thomas and Allen and used all of the M.S. thesis projects of Thomas' students to date. He alternated in his praise and harsh criticism of both. rhe, fasitss. Dy. Thomas and Allen purposely did not attempt to justify each taxon listed by citing a particular specimen. The presence or absence of a taxon in, Louvsianal) ate ) a particular time depends both on its being documented by a herbarium specimen and on its being correctly identified. At present there are no published keys that can be used to identify some of our most difficult groups of plants. The two lists served their purpose; they listed the plants known to the state at the time to the best of the authors' abilities. MacRoberts (1988) recently has published "A Documented Checklist and Atlas of the Vascular Flora of Louisiana" in three parts and 756 pages plus bibliography. This work attempts to account for all the names of vascular plants that have been found in the above three checklists and in various other publications, including unpublished theses and dissertations. After spending several months working with this atlas, I have decided that I should publish the names of some of the plants in the NLU herbarium that are not included in the atlas. One of the plants that 1. have collected new to Louisiana but have not yet published is Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. This species is included in MacRobert's atlas although he has not visited the NLU Herbarium since it was collected and it has not been published. Since it was not in literature, it does not meet the criteria to be included in his checklist. This was first collected by R. Dale Thomas and John Pyzner in Caddo Parish along Wallace Lake Road south of Shreveport; Sec. 30, TI16N, R13W. ie was in a clay soil in a prairie-type habitat. My numbers 93612 (22 Aug. 1985) “and 96088. (29 -May- 1986} were identified by Nancy C. Coile (GA). 437 438 Eee ¥, 520) LaOre aia A Vol. 65, sNaoa6 A comprehensive study of the Asteraceae of Louisiana is in press in Sida Monographs and changes in this family will be cited» thexe. Helenium campestre Small was collected from Bossier Parish along roadside ditch beside La. 157° and La. 60: at Ivan;).Sec. 19), C22UNien wee AS 892 22 Mays LoWsr This was first pointed out to me by Dre 15 Wo Sintielet ((GVAIRIS)) 6 Macroptilum lathyroides (L.) Urban FABACEAE OUACHITA: Roadbank of La. 553 at dirt road north-west of U.S. 165 north of Monroe; Sec. 32,\TISN, RSE SD ieanemeac Pias, 55,858; 3 October 1977. Specimen determined by Dr. Duane Isely (ISC). Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S.P. FABACEAE var. hispidissima (Michx.) Poll. & Ball CAMERON: Pasture west of ranch house of F-R Ranch (formerly Moore Ranch) in Gum Cove southwest of Vinton; Sec. 25, T21S, RI2W. RDT, B. E. Dutton, J. eo Guece eerie Pousson; 89,336; 9 June 1984. This and several new taxa will be included in an upcoming publication by Dutton and Thomas on the Cameron Parish flora. Trifolium subterraneum L. FABACEAE OUACHITA: NLU Richwood Farm, Monroe. Tim Talbot, S-na, TARAD CI ROT WINN: Planted with Lolium perenne on newly constructed U.S.F.S. road 5974 south of La. 126 jUSt West opera ee at Pine Ridge west of Dodson; Sec. 17, TUESN) RoWe nous, WG 2oo, 2s oune SiG. Widely used in the area for deer food and erosion control. ST. MARY: Along beach in Cypremort Point State) Part west of the end of La. 319 southwest of Louisa; Sec. 30, TI5S, ROP RD) tie MCeCOy., & T. Jackson; 103,350; 8 November 987 < The Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries offices recommend this species for both erosion control and deer food. Vicia Nissuta, (Loy) Ss. Fs Gray FABACEAE ST. TAMMANY: Along east side of old U. S. 11 through Pearl River Wildlife Management Area south of I-59 and west of East. Pearl River; Secs. 31, 32, & 34, T7S, RUSE ORD oe peoce Paas,-—set. al.: 57,403, 8- April 1978.) Wnssmieeroimac previously reported by Taylor and Thomas (1985) but was included because of the way it was handled by MacRoberts (1988). Under V. hirsuta he says "Riddell (1852) reported EhUS eas! an. anerodme trons alte was placed in ,the "Questionable' category in MacRoberts (1984) because no later report had been found. It has been rediscovered by Thomas in St. Tammany Parish, but see V. tetrasperma." Under V. tetrasperma he says " this species resembles V. hirsuta. It was excluded from Lasseigne (1973); he saw no 1989 Thomas, Dicots of Louisiana 439 specimens. All reported collections are at NLU and have presumably been properly segregated from V. hirsuta." As I read these comments, I think that MacRoberts is saying that he does not trust Thomas to be able to tell two vetches apart. I resent this -- if he wanted to see if they were correctly identified he should have visited the NLU Herbarium or he could have borrowed the specimens. Instead he chose to cite specimens from the thesis projects without looking at the plants. The first plants of V. tetrasperma from Richland and Ouachita parishes were annotated by J. Stuart Lassiter who was at Eastern Kentucky University at the time. I have collections from Gaddo, DeSoto, Eranklan, Jackson, Madison, Ouachita, Richland, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, Washington, West Carroll, and Winn parishes. I also have it from the following counties: Alabama -- Dale, Lee, Mobile, Sumter, Tuscaloosa; Arkansas -- Drew, Union; Georgia -- Clark; Massachusetts == Hampshire; Mississippi -- Copiah, Jackson, Lamar; New York -- Duchess, Walter; North Carolina -- New Hanover, Wake; South Carolina --Barnwell; and Texas == Greg, Rusk. I have V. hirsuta only from. St. Tammany parish and Connecticut, North Carolina, California, and Virginia; and a 1988 collection from Union County, Arkansas. Provided that one can count to four, these two species .can be differentiated. There are 2 seeds; per pod sin V. hirsuta\‘and four. per pod’) am) Vv. tetrasperma. The fruits are shorter and there are more fruits in each inflorescence in V. hirsuta than in V. tetrasperma. The latter species is very common along the roadsides in the state. Two Asiatic woody species of Lespedeza occur in Louisiana at the present time. L. thunbergii was included im MacRoberts, stating “rm” Thomas” and ~Adlen | (1981).. Introduced from Asia, as an ornamental (?) but no record of collection has been found." This illustrates the differences in the checklists -- Thomas and Allen included it based on collections from Webster parish but MacRoberts did not include it because it was not in any of the thesis lists he had at hand.. The Thomas and Allen checklists indicate what was thought to occur in the state when they were written but because of space restrictions no attempt was made to tell where each specimen was deposited or what literature was included. Although the MacRoberts atlas does tell what parishes a plant has been reported from in literature, one still can not tell what publication a lot of his data comes from, especially if it is from a parish not studied by a M.S. student. Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai FABACEAE WEBSTER: Along U.S.F.S. road 824 in pine woods west of La. 159 and Pine Grove Church; in Kisatchie National Forest; 440 PaH?yY (120 EeOegGel sé Vol. 65, No. 6 Sec. 11, “220N,,. ROW. ‘RDT, (72,174, (2s ly eee BOSSIER: Beside road in edge of Bodcau Wildlife Management Area northeast of Bellevue; Sec. 24, T20N, R11W; RDT, 93,910, 10 October 1985. This perennial is spreading at both locations and is a desirable food for deer and quail. Lespedeza bicolor Turcz FABACEAE OUACHITA: 604 53rd Street, Monroe; Carlos Smith, #1071, 25 May 1971. 301 Arlington Place, West Monroe; Carlos Smith, #1506, 22 June 1971. Long persisting and spreading. Pisum sativum L. FABACEAE MOREHOUSE: Field south of La. 134 just west of Oak Ridge, Sec. 19, TI9N, R/E; RDT, 88,860. 23 May 1984) ) hiss tequme is currently commonly planted as a winter cover crop and it also is frequently planted along recently contructed roads. It is common with various species of Vicia, Lathyrus, and Trifolium. I also have collections from Evangeline, Franklin, Ouachita, Richland, Tensas, and West Carroll parishes. Capsicum annuum L. SOLANACEAE var. minimum (Miller) Heiser CAMERON: Hackberry woods just back from the Gulf of Mexico off La. 82, 9 miles west of Holly . Beach, Lae | RD ,ere al., 23,959, 27 June 1971. Seven other collections were made during Dutton's survey of the plants of Cameron Parish. Physalis angulata L. SOLANACEAE var. pendula (Rydb.) Waterfall OUACHITA: Bottomland hardwoods forest southeast of I-20 and La. 594 east of Monroe in Russell Sage Wildlife Management Area; RDT, E. R. Barrett, & K. E. Gremillion, #3813, 3 August 1967. Specimen was determined by Dr. U. T. Waterfall in 1971 and verified by Janet R. Sullivan in UOGShs Physalis acutifolia (Miers emend. Sudwith) Sudwith SOLANACEAE WEBSTER: Weedy spot beside La. 7 exit on I-20W at Dixie Inn west, of Minden.” Sec, -31,, THIN. pROME One large sprawling plant in a clump of Amaranthus. RDT, 94,015, 10 October 1985. Determined by Janet R. Sullivan. Physalis hederaefolia Gray SOLANACEAE SABINE: Very dry longleaf pine woods beside La. 473 at Hornbeck Fire Tower west of Hornbeck, Sec. 30, T4N, RIOW. RDT, Neil Carroll, and Scott Thomas, 71,6127 \7/sdunesnoa07 CADDO: Very dry sandy soil on east side of U.S. 71 two miles south of Ida and north of Mira; Sec. 26, T23N, RI15W. RDE and Mrs. WG. Dorrers, SO;s457 567 Mays Tgeee I also 1989 Thomas, Dicots of Louisiana 441 have specimens from a sandy area north of Vivian on Kendrick Road (89,017; 88,704; 88,346). Specimens were determined by Janet R. Sullivan. Physalis longifolia Nutt. SOLANACEAE var. longifolia AVOYELLES: Edge of field and disturbed roadbank west of hae sol) 9 ands “Goudeau; “Sec. 824,. 92S, R4b: RDT, eterals, 94,085, TF October 19/85. Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata (Mack. & Bush) Cronq. AVOYELLES: Swampy area at edge Of Old River near Marksville Prehistoric Indian Park, Marksville; RDT & C. E. DePoe, #421, 11 September 1966. I also have specimens from Bossier, DeSoto, East Carroll, Madison, Morehouse, and Tensas parishes. These determinations were made by Janet R. Sullivan who separated these two varieties from P. virginiana for which they were considered synonyms by Thomas and Allen (1982). Physalis pruniosa L. SOLANACEAE AVOYELLES: Along south bank of Red River beside La. 107 and La. 115 south of Effie and north of Marksville; Sec. ol Ve ESNMORSE ORD wet. al, 94,136, i October 986...) Lnws species was included in MacRoberts (1988) but not in Thomas and Allen (1982). Specimen determined by Janet R. Sullivan. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. URTICACEAE var. drummondii (Weddell) Weddell JACKSON: Beside Chatham Lake near a road between La. 34 and La. 46 at Chatham? RDI s&s ‘Gy E. —Deroe,.. fie 0ye 0 September 1966. I also have specimens from Catahoula, Lafayette, LaFourche, Morehouse, Ouachita, Orleans, Richland, and Winn parishes. This variety was separated Out, by) Dies IDs) E, Boufford of Harvand.) Herbartar. s Oruer specimens were included in the typical variety. Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudichaud-Beaupie URTICACEAE PLAQUEMINES: Beside La. 23, 3.8 miles south of Belle Chase; Sec. 18, T14S, R24E; Nelson Rich, Larry Lewis, & Johne McCoy.) q4ic2, 30) July oy 7: Determined by D. E. Boufford. Bumelia reclinata (Michx.) Ventenat SAPOTACEAE CAMERON: Around camp buildings and in adjacent marsh at duck hunting camp on right prong of Black Bayou southwest Of Vaimtons Secs 39,5 LRUSS,8 RUSWe RDL, BS. . DUtEOn, sa J) Bruce; 89,496 & 2184, 10 June 1984. This was extracted from Dutton's thesis and included in MacRoberts. It was determined by Dr. R. D. Whetstone of Jacksonville State University. He also included most of the specimens of 442 Pon Y. TO) DONG TA Vol. 65, No.6 Bumelia lanuginosa in var. oblongifolia (Nutt.) R. B. Clark: Several taxa should be added in Salicaceae. Dre George W. Argus of the National Museum of Natural Sciences in Canada has annotated NLU's specimens and he includes the following taxa in Louisiana: Salix babylonica L., S. caroliniana Michx., S. cinerea L. var. cinerea, S. exigua Nutt. (S. interior Rowlee), S. humilis Marsh var. humilis and var. microphylla (Anders.) Fern. (formerly det. as S. tristis Ait.), S. nigra Marsh., and S. ~x =sepuleneaess Simonk (S. alba x S. babylonica). To these taxa can be added Salix fragilis L. FRANKLIN Parish: Dock Smith's house east of La. 578 five miles south of Crowville; Sec. 27,, TI4N, R8E; RDT, G. Joye, and James, Clarks 7 ,c0c mee August 1981. This is the common round-topped willow along the Mississippi delta between Memphis and Natchez. Populus tomentosa Vent. SALICACEAE OUACHITA: Large population beside U.S. 80 east of Sicard and La. 139 east of Monroe; RDT, et. al., 100/996) s2 jude, IS) sh7fie FRANKLIN: Beside La. 15 at Elam south of Wisner at Catahoula Parish. Line; Sec. 9, TIIN, RSE; RDT, jetbanaien- 107,153, 17 September 1988. Earlier collections of this taxon are on loan. This taxon forms extensive colonies by root sprouts. Clematis jackmanii Moore. RANUNCULACEAE CLAIBORNE: In area beside and under torn down warehouse south of La. 615 and west of U.S. 79 beside railroad in Haynesville; Sec. 24, T23N, R8W; RDT, L. Lewis, & (Pate Pias, 59,661, 2 August 919 7/8:. This cultivated species escapes and is quite common in waste areas. I also have it from East Carroll, Franklin, LaSalle. Madison, Orleans, Ouachita, Sabine, and Tensas parishes. Pyrus calleryana Decne. ROSACEAE FRANKLIN: Roadside of La. 135 one mile south of La. 618 five miles north of Liddieville; Sec. 25, T14N, R6E; RDT & G. Joye, 78,434, 17 September 1981. This is a Bradford Pear that is planted for its beautiful leaves and flowers. ih as Malso mised jeasiarootstock | for grafting several commercial varieties of Pyrus communis L. The fruits are spread by birds and it is a definite escape in several locations. I have it from Jackson, Lafayette, Lincoln, Ouachita, St. Tammany, and Winn parishes. Dr. J. B. Phipps of UWO is currently Stugying eae Crataegus species for the Southeastern Flora. He has collected in Louisiana and has most of the NLU specimens 1989 Thomas, Dicots of Louisiana 443 on loan. Three additions can be made to the Louisiana flora based on his work. Crataegus gattingeri Sarg. ROSACEAE CALDWELL: Common in mixed oak-pine woods along Horseshoe Lake Road about 1.4 miles NW of La. 846, NW of Columbia; Sec. 26, T14N, R3E; RDT & Dendrology Class, 101,136, 4 August 1987. The area was clearcut in 1988. OUACHITA: Edge of woods at clearcut area on hill west of La. 557 near Caldwell Parish Line, south of Luna; Clay soil. D. DP. Taylor, et. al., 5571, 7 September” 1983. Crataegus macrosperma Ashe ROSACEAE OUACHITA: Edge of mixed hardwood-pine woods beside Cooney Barnette Road near Walnut Grove Methodist Church off Lapine Road southwest of West Monroe; Sec. 19, T16N, R2E; RD iy 957 .co 5 May 986i. Crataegus triflora Chapm. ROSACEAE CALDWELL: Gorges east of Copenhagen and La. 849 and west of Ouachita River; Sec. 13, T12N, R4E. Clay soils. RDT & Botany 314 Class, 48,829, 5 April 1976. This taxon was listed as C. mollis (Torr. & Gray) Scheele on the Thomas and Allen checklist so C. mollis should be removed from catalog of our flora. Cy VEE eEloras *2s abundant in the open calcareous soils near Copenhagen with C. spathulata, Cc. marshallii, Ca. crus-galli, ce berberifolia, and C. viridis. Lysimachia nummularia L. PRIMULACEAE OUACHITA: Weed beside greenhouses at Roach's nursery west OL West Monroe bestac “USS. SOs = RDM et. ale ely occ lS March 1970; and from flower bed at 706 Camellia Drive in Monroe; RDT, 22,005, 21 October 1970. These specimens were verified by Robert D. Sutter. The Ludwigia uruguayensis (Camb.) Hara complex has been studied by Elsa Zardini of Missouri Botanical Garden. She annotated NLU'sS material to two other taxa. Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini & Peng. from Caldwell, Claiborne, Morehouse, Rapides, Richland, and Tangipahoa parishes. Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Zardini & Peng from Cameron, St. Charles, St. Mary, St. Tammany, Tensas, Terrebonne, and Vermilion parishes. Morus nigra L. MORACEAE CAMERON: Along a levee in a marsh at north end of Little Pecan Canal on Little Pecan Management Area east of Grand Ghenwexr.) (Sec. aes), CLS R4W eRD Eee Bie E ee DUE eOn),) (tn vce, D0 A OO 7, Ail wars Ieyeete LAFAYETTE: Beside U.S. 90 and railroad tracks at La. 343 444 PebeY ete On lb OsGe ra A Vol. 65), Nan. 6 in Duson; Secs. 28 & 29, T9S, R3E, RDT and cC. M. Allen, 98,410, 4 October 1986. A large tree of this species is also present in the lawn of the residence of Trudie Dorris of West Monroe (Ouachita Parish) and is distinguished by its fruit and its heart-shaped leaf bases. Nymphaea x thiona Ward (N. mexicana x N. odorata) NYMPHAEACEAE ST. TAMMANY: La. 40, 0.4 miles NW of La. 437 north of Covington; Sec. 23, T15S, R11E. ‘Small tarmepondigaGo. a. DePoe, 6217, 10 August 1966. Determined by John Wiersema of University of Alabama, 1982. Monarda bradburyana Beck. LAMIACEAE JEFFERSON DAVIS: Roadbank of U.S. 90 two miles east of Calcasieu Parish, edge of rice field; Sec. 34, TIN, R6W. RDT and family, 30,135, 10 June 1972. ~Determanedmby Robert Kral of Vanderbilt. Carya laciniosa (Michx. £.) Loud. JUGLANDACEAE MADISON: Along edge of Judd Bayou south of Quebec in Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge; Sec. 16, TI6N, R11E. Grafted tree on wild pecan stump; surrounded by woods about 35 years old; 12" d.b.h.; several nuts found. RDT and Kelby Ouchley, 85,950; 27 September 1983. See MacRoberts (1988) for comments on previous specimens from Louisiana. Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. JUGLANDACEAE LIVINGSTON: Woods along Spring Branch Road south of I-12 at Satsuma Exit southeast of Walker; Sec: 3, T/S, °R4E, RDT, 78,755, 6 October 1981. This taxon ts Ssometames included within C. glabra (P. Mill.) Sweet. However 1 feel that the differences in fruit shapes and color of heartwood justify the separation of these two species of Ppignut hickories. The delimiting of the taxa included in Quercus will probably always be a point of dispute among dendrologists and taxonomists. I think the three following taxa warrant distinction. Quercus prinoides Michx. FAGACEAE CALDWELL: Slope at top of hill south of Ouachita River north of Copenhagen and La. 849 SE of Columbia; NW corner of Sec. ll, TI2ZN, R4E; RDT, 107,1307 6 Septembereisoc. The leaves of this taxon are much narrower than those of Q. muhlenbergii which occurs in the same area. 1989 Thomas, Dicots of Louisiana 445 Quercus shumardii Buckley var. schneckii (Britt.) Sarg. FAGACEAE CALDWELL: Gorges east of Copenhagen and La. 849 and west of Ouachita River; Sec. 13, T12N, R4E; RDT & Bill Hess, 83,424, 10 May 1983. This taxon has longer leaves in proportion to their width than the typical variety of Shumard oak. It is common in the area with Q. oglethorpensis, Q. durandii, Q. muhlenbergii, Q. stellata, and Carya myristicaeformis. Quercus maritima (Michx.) Willd. FAGACEAE TANGIPAHOA: Longleaf pine woods 0.4 miles west of junction Getaet0nandulhacm L0ie2) ibesideswta.s 40 RDM Ts sete mca, 12,354, 28 September 1968. Duplicate determined by Robert rateb. ILI S Corydalis micrantha (Engelm.) Gray FUMARIACEAE ssp. micrantha FRANKLIN: Woods east of La. 15 south of Gilbert and north of Wisner; Secs. 9 & 10, T12N, R8E; RDT & Bot. 103 Class, 103,582, 26 March 1988. Most of the material in the state is in ssp. australis (Chapm.) G. B. Ownbey. Most taxonomists place this genus in Papaveraceae. Manihot grahamii Hook. EUPHORBIACEAE BIENVILLE: Edge of dirt road in longleaf pine forest west of Edwards Mill Creek and west of Bienville; Sec. 28, TIGN, R6W. -RDT & Bot. .313.. €lass,*45,840)4 August:-1975; This taxon is definitely a seif-reproducing escape; I have ale from Ouachita, Natchitoches, and West Feliciana parishes as established populations. Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & Gray EUPHORBIACEAE (Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small) SABINE: Dry open area and pine woods north of La. 392 and west of Bayou Toro east of Toledo Bend Dam; Sec. 25, T3N, Ri2w. Sandy: soail, “RDI, ¢C.* 5M. Allen; Ges rval) » LOS, 270, 5 June 1988. This is the small prostrate spurge with small round- to heart-shaped leaves common in open, sandy areas of longleaf pine woods. A similar species on gumbo soils is Euphorbia cordifolia Ell. (Chamaesyce cordifolia (Ell.) Small). Rhododendron coryi Shinners ERICACEAE VERNON: Sedimented baygall just north of airport off California Avenue on Fort Polk about 5 miles SE of heesvilie. se.) 9Me SAldien,’ 914, 500762 >May 987.) hrs 1s a dwarf, late-flowering, white-flowered azalea of the sandy baygalls of Vernon Parish. It flowers later than our other white-flowered species (Rhododendron oblongifolium). 446 PAeyelA0 dOgG sl ee Vol. 65, No. 6 Cucumis sativus L. var. sativus CUCURBITACEAE MOREHOUSE: Along railroad tracks beside La. 138 in Mer Rouge, Sec... 31,, T21N, R7E.. RDT .& Pat Piass Sigoeeeeeee August 1978. Cucumbers occur as waifs much as does watermelon. I also have specimens of cucumber from Claiborne, DeSoto, Ouachita, and West Carroll parishes. Dr. Hugh D. Wilson of TAMU has annotated many of NLU's Chenopodium specimens for his work on the Southeastern Flora Project. The following taxa are verified by him. Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. CHENOPODIACEAE CADDO: Along tracks in northern part of Kansas City Southern railroad yard west of La. 173 SE of Blanchard; Sec. 19, TISN, RL4W; RDT, 65,055, 29 May 1979. sAllsomeron DeSoto (64,391) and Morehouse (58,141) along railroad tracks. Chenopodium giganteum D. Don. CHENOPODIACEAE JACKSON: Beside Chatham Lake, Chatham. RDT & Robin Reid, 21,133, 31 August 1970. Also Claiborne (Lewis, 2004). Chenopodium berlandieri Mogq. CHENOPODIACEAE var. berlandieri CADDO: Kansas City Southern Railroad yard southeast of Blanchard. RDT, et. al, 66,452, 28 June 1978. Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. CHENOPODIACEAE var. boacianum (Moq.) Wahl TENSAS: Sandy field near entrance to Lake Bruin State Park from west side of La. 604; Sec..2, TL2N, (RUAn oe ho ee Briley, 78,581, 20 Sept. 1981. Also from Rapides (Schutz 753) and Terrebonne (14,315). Chenopodium berlandieri Mog. CHENOPODIACEAE var. zschackei (Murr) Murr CLAIBORNE: Roadbank of La. 9, 1.4 miles north of Athens, Sec. 36, T20N, R7W: .RDT & L..G. Lewis, 16 October, g80F Also from Caddo (65,029), .Madison (Rich, 223) a atensas (69,734), and West Baton Rouge (65,627). Chenopodium boscianum Aellen CHENOPODIACEAE TENSAS: On sandbar along west bank of the Mississippi River south of the end of La. 3078 at .abandonedsePonre Gibson Ferry north. of St. Joseph; TIIN,) RIZE eee, 86,819-86,823 (each number representing a different plant), 8 November 1983. Stellaria alsine Grimm CARYOPHYLLACEAE LASALLE: Run-off seepage area from a sulfur spring beside Trout Creek NW of La. 8 and White Sulfur Springs, Sec. 5, TIN, RZEL RDI & P. Laird, 42,599, 23 Febrnuany wo7se 1989 Thomas, Dicots of Louisiana 447 This specimen was determined by Richard kK. Rabeler. ibis had been previously listed as Stellaria graminea L. The only other specimen with the name S. graminea is from Ouachita Parish and is actually Arenaria patula Michx. (Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. in Kartez and Kartez). This correction was pointed out to me by Eugene Wofford of the University of Tennessee. Dr. Richard kK. Rabeler annotated the following Cerastium species: Cerastium brachypodium (Engelm. ex Gray) Robinson Bossier (48,701) and East Carroll Aah SO ace Cerastium fontanum Baumg. Avoyelles (49,068), Bienville (42,562), Bossier (SAGO) Caddo (83,416), sClarborne (70,604), DeSoto (71/325), East ‘Carroll (76,557), and Morehouse (51,816). Cerastium semidecandrum L. Claiborne (527154), DeSoto (70,284), and East Carroll (76,988). The most common species was annotated to C. glomeratum Thuill. Arenaria benthamii Fenzl. ex Torr. & Gray CARYOPHYLLACEAE CADDO: Along railroad tracks in Kansas City Southern Railway Yard southeast of Blanchard and west of La. 173; EDT, 65,108, 29 May 1979. Arenaria leptoclados (Reichb.) Guss. CARYOPHYLLACEAE BOSSIER: Along a two mile section of I-20 between U.S. 80 overpass and La. 157 exit at Haughton; RDT & V. Leggett, Ag 6il2- 25° March 1976. “Aliso Caddo (83), 152) and (Clarborne (52,294). This species closely resembles A. serpyllifolia L. and these specimens were annotated by J. McNeill and M. Dube. Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. CAPPARIDACEAE ssp. dodecandra CADDO: Kansas City Southern Railway Yard southeast of Blanchard and west of La. 173; Sec. 19, TI8N, RI4W. RDT, 65,089, 29 May 1979. Also along railroad in Washington Parish (64,990). Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. CAPPARIDACEAE ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & Gray) Iltis WEST BATON ROUGE: Railroad tracks between La. 1 and Mississippi River at Port of Baton Rouge south of I-10; Seen) 70, LISP REZE. — RDT; 76;i260, U3) Maye19 8: Both of these taxa were determined by Sue Keller (NY). Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. BRASSICACEAE OUACHITA: Weed in garden of L. W. Hutchinson, Richardson Rodd, iGalhouns-N. Carrol, “sur, 4 tpi 1961s eAcwaxt. Dr. Kenneth R. Robertson of Illinois Natural History 448 PH.Y POL: 0G FA Vol. 65, No. 6 Survey has looked at many of our specimens of Amaranthaceae. He has changed the Acnida species to those of Amaranthus. He has annotated one of our specimens to Amaranthus powellii S. Watson (WEBSTER: Along railroad tracks north and south” of _ U.S... 80), and, USS. 79 )westsor Minden; RDT & L. Lewis, 62,215, 2 November 1978). The specimens of Alternanthera other than A. philoxeroides that are annotated by Dr. Robertson include the following species of chaffweeds: Alternanthera caracasSana H.B.K. (Richland, 56,236) A. paronychoides St. Hil. var amazonica Huber (Winn, 73,148) A. paronychoides St. Hil var. paronychoides (Ouachita 16,999; Cameron, 87,028; Catahoula,,. 49,6)i5)sfase Carroll,;, 74,272: Franklin, 78,501; Morehouse,.55,655n sone Tensas, Briley 2067) A. sessilis, (L.) DC. (Allen, 79,402; Catahoula, 41,221; Evangeline, 407; Richland, 59,094) Dr. Dieter C. Wasshausen of U.S. National Herbarium has studied many of NLU's Ruellia (Acanthaceae). He has separated out R. malacosperma Greenm. (OUACHITA: Lawn of Mrs. Dorris' home on Jewel Street in West Monroe; RDT & T. Dorris; 24,846, 29 August 1971) from the more common R. brittoniana Leonard ex Fern. He also considered R. pinetorum Fern. to be R. pedunculata Torr. ex Gray sSSp. pinetorum (Fern.) R. W.-Long.. R. purshiana, Fern, ocrem Madison Parish (in pasture on G. Crider's Farm in Ward 8; I. Parker, #3, 2 May 1963) was considered a distinct species. He also included two subspecies Of; "Re caroliniensis (J. F. Gmel.) Steud -- ssp. caroliniensis and ssp. ciliosa (Pursh) R. W. Long. Ardisia crenata Sims MYRSINACEAE ST. TAMMANY: Woods between Green Springs Motel and Little Bogue Falaya River west of La. 21 north of Covington; RDT, 64,862, 24 May 1979. Widely spread throughout area. IBERIA: Jungle Botanical Gardens on McIllheny Estate on Avery Island at end of La. 329 south of New Iberia. Established and spreading throughout woods. RDT #65 ade McCoy, 84,469, 22 June 1983. This species was identified by Dr. Bill Hess of Morton Arboretum and represents a new family of vascular plants for the state. 1989 Thomas, Dicots of Louisiana 449 TAXA ACCIDENTALLY LEFT OFF THE THOMAS AND ALLEN LIST OF DICOTYLEDONS ACERACEAE -- Acer negundo L. APOCYNACEAE -- Apocynum cannabinum L. ASTERACEAE -- Coreopsis lanceolata L. Eupatorium purpureum L. Rudbeckia missouriensis Engelm. ex Boynt. & Beadle ELAEAGNACEAE -- Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. parviflora (Royle) Scmid. ERICACEAE -- Vaccinium virgatum Ait. FAGACEAE -- Quercus michauxii Nutt. LINACEAE -- Linum floridanum(Planch.) Trel. var. chrysocarpum Rogers Linum “floridanum (Planch) Trels var. “floridanum Linum imbricatum (Raf.) Shinners Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. var. texanum (Planch.) Fern. Linum striatum Walt. Linum sulcatum Riddell Linum usitatissimum L. MARYTINACEAE -- Proboscidea louiSianica (Mill.) Thell. MYRTACEAE -- Callistemon citrinus Stapf. NYCTAGINACEAE -- Mirabilis jalapa L. RUBIACEAE -- Galium pedemontanum All. Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosb. (Houstonia nigricans (Lam.) Fern.) I would like to express my appreciation to Drs. Charles M. Allen, George W. Argus, D. E. Bufford, Nancy Coile, Neil Harriman, Bill Hess, Duane Isely, Sue Keller, Robert Kral, J, Stuart wbasseter, J. McNeil] & Mt Dube, 0d. De. Phipps, Richard kK. Rabeler, Kenneth R. Robertson, E. B. Smith, Janet R. Sullivan, Robert De SUEECE, Deiter (eas Wasshausen, R. D. Whetstone, John Wiersema, Hugh D. Wilson, Eugene Wofford, Elsa Zardini, and the many other who have helped in identification of the plants on this list. Many of these taxa were first located during the thesis projects of various graduate students. Thanks are also expressed to the curators of the herbaria in the state for their cooperation in my research. Most of my work would have suffered greatly without the help and encouragement of my good friend and fellow field botanist, Dr. Charles M. Allen. -I want to express my admiration for and appreciation of the tremendous effort and dedication that has gone into the work of Mr. D. T. MacRoberts. His 450 PRHPY@L- OSL 0) Ce ira Vol. 65, No. 6 distinct ability to do bibliographic work and his access to various literature sources have added significantly to the current and future understanding of our flora. His dedication in the listing of the vascular plants of Caddo Parish represents one of the best such works that has been done to date. We are not competitors. We have simply approached a project (The Flora of Louisiana) from different directions and with different points of view. I have felt very restricted in the total amount of time that I have been able to spend directly on the flora project due to a full-time teaching load and the large amounts of time required to function as the sole staff member of a large herbarium and to direct masters thesis projects. My claim is that I am a plant collector and a field botanist and not that I am an expert in any particular group of plants. I always have and still do feel indebted to the numerous individuals that have contributed to my current knowledge of the flora of Louisiana. Thanks are due to each one. A plea is made for future cooperation and help with the production of an atlas that reflects the specimens on deposit in our herbaria and then, if time permits, with the production of a manual of our flora. LITERATURE CITED MacRoberts, Dice eels 1984. The Vascular Plants (one Louisiana: an Annotated Checklist and Bibliography of the Vascular Plants Reported to Grow without Cultivation in Louisiana. Bulli) Mus ele seis Omaad Shreveport 6: 1-165. MacRoberts, D.T. 1988. A Documented Checklist and Atlas of. the Vascular Flora of Louts@ana, soeeetacs. Shreveport: LSU in Shreveport, 756 p. plus b1bEe DRavalorcey De. sanCueh na Drea lMomea Sten mer noio)se. A Preliminary Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Washington and St. Tammany Parishes, La. Contr. of NLU Herbarvumns ore 104. Thomas: when Di. jalbicleG a uM. mA mere loin. A Preliminary Checklist of the Dicotyledons of Louisiana. Contr. Of NLU! Herbarwnum 33 U—i130- PHOMaIS pe Oey scl Cre Ne Allen. 1984. A Preliminary Checklist of the Pteridosperms, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons of Louisiana. Contr. of NLU Herbarium 4:1-55. COMMENTS ON SOME OF THE MONOCOTYLEDONS OF LOUISIANA R. Dale Thomas, Director of the Herbarium, Department of Biology, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe; 71209. When one compares the two most recent checklists of the monotcotyledons of Louisiana (MacRoberts, 1988 and Thomas and Allen, 1984), the presence or absence of some of the species in the state is not clear. Some of these can be clarified by the following citations. Rheo Spathacea (Sw.) Stearn (R. discolor (L'Her.) Hance ex Walp. COMMELINACEAE. CAMERON; Lawn and waste areas at South Cameron High School beside La. 82 about 0.4 miles Gast of Oak Grove: “Sec. 932, Tl4S,, RIW. eReDot. & be Be Dutton; 88522 & 1755, 12 May 1984. This taxon is commonly cultivated and becomes established and spreading in waste areas in the southern part of the state. Carex fissa Mack. var. aristata Hermann. CYPERACEAE. Det. by J. W. Kessler. SABINE: Clearcut area beside access road to Holly Point Marina on Toledo Bend Lake two miles south of La. 191 south of Zwolle; Sec. 14, TI18N, Ri4W. R.D.T. & Neil Carroll; 76493 & 2965, 20 May 1981. Cyperus echindtus: (L.) Wood. CYPERACEAE. Det. by €. T: Bryson, 1988. FRANKLIN: Along Boeuf River north of Forest Lake four miles west of Fort Necessity and south of La. 4; Secs 7, TUZN, R6Ew) ReDalewseGary Jove, 78507 & el IG2, a7 September 1981. Cyperus grayioides Mohl. CYPERACEAE. Det. by Brian G. Marks. Very close to Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. WINN: Very dry sandy soil beside La. 156 and railroad just east of Saline Bayou east of Goldonna, Sec. 29, T12N, RSW. ReaD le OUS97 | i moeptember 9 // Bi Cyperus lancastriensis Porter in Gray. CYPERACEAE. Det. by R. Carter of Valdosta State College. Previously identified as Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. OUACHITA: Swampy area north of I-20 just west of U.S. 80 exit at Gathoun near (Curry (Creek, (Sec. 26, TSN, RIB. ReDenue, et. al., 49443, 16 June 1976. CLAIBORNE: Around Claiborne Lake at La. 2, along highline right-of-way, Sec. 20, T2I1N, R6W. L. Lewis, 26345, 9 October 1979: Fuirena simplex Vahl. var. simplex. CYPERACEAE. Det. by J. WW. Kessler. ST. TAMMANY: Law 21, 0.1 mile south vot La. ,16 south of Sun in old gravel pit pond. C. E. DePoe, 6223, 8 October 1966. This collection is before the collection of var. aristulata (Torr.) Kral from East Carroll Parish. 451 452 POH TO? by OF Geir Vol:. 65, Na.6 Dioscorea batatas Dcne. DIOSCOREACEAE. WASHINGTON: Beside La. 38 at a branch of Little Silver Creek about one mile east of Tangipahoa Parish Line; Sec. 19, T1S, RYE, R.D.T., 68797, 18 October 1979. I also have collections from IBERIA (R.D.T. & John McCoy, 84,488, 22 June, 1983), RICHLAND (R.D.T., et. al., 76891, 11 June 1981), and UNION (D. C. Moore, 2710, 27 September 1983). This species was accidentally left off the list by Thomas and Allen (1984). Its smaller aerial corms and hastate leaves distinguish it from the larger corms and roundish cordate leaves of D. bulbifera L. which also occurs in waste areas in the southern part of the state. Iris hexagona Walt. IRIDACEAE. This species was left off the Thomas and Allen list although specimens at NLU were previously annotated by Scott MacReynolds to this taxon. BOSSIER (Leggett, 1467); OUACHITA (Carey Smith, 98); WINN (R.D.T. 14019). A later specimen from ST. CHARLES was collected by Glen Montz (4967). K. L. Horberger studied Sisyrinchium for her PhD dissertation at the University of Arkansas. She has annotated NLU specimens for two new species to the checklists. Sisyrinchium fuscatum Bickn. IRIDACEAE. ST. TAMMANY: Woods north of La. 1090 and I-10 east of I-59 and Slidell, Sec. 38, TS8S,. RISE, R.D.T.., eb. 1ali eee April 1978. WASHINGTON; west side of La. 21 just north of La. 435 north of Bogalousa, Sec. 36, T2S,, Rites Dee 63,742, 29 April 1979. Sisyrinchium nashii Bickn. WASHINGTON: Woods at northeast edge of LSU Forestry Camp NE of Sheridan and La... 10 Secs. L0s& 15, 257. Rize, R.Dals, Ct. val..,p 50, 20Shercw Ap ininl Siar Alstroemeria psittacina Lehm. LILIACEAE. OUACHITA: 1505 South 3rd Street, Monroe, Carlos Smith, 1075, 25 May 1971. This lily is escaped and spreading throughout a lot on Jewel Street in West Monroe (Ouachita Parish) and has been collected in a similiar condition in Red River Parish. Muscari armeniacum Leichtl. ex. Baker. LILIACEAE. MOREHOUSE: Edge of cotton field beside La. 2 , 0.2 miles west of the West Carroll Parish Line, Sec. 25, T2ZIN, R8Es R.D.T. & Pat Pias,..57260- 6. 3061,.7 April, 97a. eee Specimen and one from UNION Parish (Ouchley, 2) were annotated from M. racemosum to M. armeniacum by Scott MacReynolds. More work needs to be done to see which of three taxa (M. armeniacum, M. botryoides, and M. racemosum) occur in the state and how the three taxa are differentiated. 1989 Thomas, Monocots of Louisiana 453 Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak. ORCHIDACEAE. Annotated by C. J. Sheviak, 1985). OUACHITA: Along south side of Red Cut Road at L. Blackenup Road intersection NE of Luna; Seca. lO), TI6ON, RSE.) No oRich, & v2 Briley, 1726, U3 November 1979. Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribner. Det. by Ken E. Rogers and verified by C. M. Allen. OUACHITA: Old field near junction of Bayou Shore Drive and La. 139, Monroe; ROD.T.- et.al, P4700, 30: October 1966:. Paspalum almum Chase. POACEAE. Det. by C. M. Allen. CAMERON: Pasture (former rice field) east of headquarters of F-R Ranch SE of Vinton in Gum Cove, Sec. 29, T12S, RISE we ReDits 7 yb~ Eb.) Dutton, ii. Bruce, keke Poussen,, 98406 & 2094, 9 June 1984. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camas. POACEAE. MADISON: Woods and old road along Judd Brake in Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge south of Quebec, Secs. 7 & 17,,T1I6N,,.RIIE. R.D.T. & K. Ouchley,. 86001, 27 September ISIISIE Sorghum almum Parodi. POACEAE. Det. by C. M. Allen. CAMERON: In fencerows on both sides of Precht Road about 0.3 miles south of La. 384 east of Boone's Corner, Sec.s Sis ar TS ROW) Rei ela teBe obie DUteOn, UO 2 6), Lo August 1984. Sporobolus ozarkanus Fern. POACEAE. Det. by R. L. McGregor. ALLEN: Along railroad tracks east of U.S. 165 and norehy of UgS 2] TS0E ian?’ Kinder (Sec. 35, 56s, Row, REDE Le 7 9260), 924 October. 198i Also from WINN) (RED elon, 74340). Appreciation is expressed to all those botanists whose identifications and/or verifications have helped make these additions possible. These include: C. M. Allen, C. T. Bryson, R. Carter, J. W. Kessler, S. MacReynolds, R. L. McGregor, B. G. Marks, K. E. Rogers, and C. J. Sheviak. LITERATURE CITED MacRoberts, D. T. 1988. A Documented Checklist and Atlas of the Vascular Flora of Louisiana, Part 1. Shreveport: Louisiana State University in Shreveport. Thomas, R. D. and C. M. Allen. 1984. A Preliminary Checklist of the Pteridosperms, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons of Louisiana. Contributions of the Herbarium of Northeast Louisiana University 4: 1-55. EFFECTS OF ILLUMINATION AND DARKNESS ON ANTHOCYANIN FORMATION IN BEET SEEDLINGS TREATED WITH OR WITHOUT N-PROPANOL T. HATHOUT! AND M. KORD2 ABSTRACT Physiological studies on the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in beet seedlings have been carried out. A limited amount of anthocyanin occurs in dark-grown seedlings, when compared with that of illuminated ones. After four days there is a rapid synthesis of anthocyanin in both cotyledons and hypocotyls. The hypocotyl produces more pigment than the cotyledons. Seedlings treated with different concentrations of propanol, under continuous illumination and in the dark affects their content of anthocyanin pigment and total. sugars differently. Increased propanol concentration inhibited pigment formation. Total sugars , also, decreased by increasing propanol concentration and the most effective concentration was 0.2%. INTRODUCTION It is well known that anthocyanin synthesis in a wide range of tissues is promoted by light. In apple skin (Siegelman, 1964) turnip seedlings (Siegelman and Hendricks, 1957) Celosia seedlings (Malaviya and Laloraya, 1966) and buckwheat hypocotyl (Troyer, 1964) anthocyanin synthesis is light dependent. These tissues fail to form anthocyanin if they are grown in darkness. The case of red cabbage (Pecket and Hathout, 1974) is somewhat different, since there is a significant dark synthesis of anthocyanin. Nevertheless, these authors also reported stimilatory effect of light on pigment’ synthesis. Oelmuller and Mohr (1985) found that anthocyanin formation in Milo seedlings occurs only in white light. and blue, while red light .and far-red “trent are totally ineffective. The biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigment in intact seedlings or excised parts is recognised to be affected by many factors, particularly light and carbohydrate supply. 1. Botany Department, Girls College, Ain Shams Univ. 2. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univ. 454 1989 Hathout & Kord, Anthocyanin in beet seedlings 455 In order to investigate the capacity of pigment formation in the cotyledons and hypocotyl, Grill and Vince (1964) severed the cotyledons from _ two- days old seedlings before exposure to 48hr light. Such severing increased the formation of anthocyanin in the cotyledons, the hypocotyl on the other hand, formed almost no anthocyanin when the cotyledons were removed. It became clear to them that anthocyanin synthesis in the hypocotyl depends onthe movement of substance(s) and that severing of the cotyledons increased the amount of anthocyanin in the cotyledons themselves. If light-dependent synthesis of anthocyanin in the hypocotyl was dependent on the amount of stored precursor moving from the cotyledons, it would be expected that the longer the cotyledons and hypocotyl remained in contact before severing, the: great the amount of anthocyanin would be formed in t hypocotyl (Gill and Vince, 1964). In other words, decrease in anthocyanin in the cotyledons would be accompanied by an increase in hypocotyl pigment. In fact they observed that the amount of anthocyanin synthesized in the hypocotyl was the same at all ages and almost negligible. They assumed that translocated storage material may be rapidly utilized by the growing hypocotyl in the dark .and that none is available for anthocyanin synthesis when light is given. In the cotyledons the amount of pigment fell as the duration of illumination before severing was increased fromfto 48hrs. Up to6hrs. ofillumination before severing did not decrease the amount of anthocyanin in the cotyledons indicating that there is a lag-phase of fewhrs. before appreciable amounts of precursor are synthesized and translocated. Malaviya-. and, jLaloraya~ (1966),.,came. to a) “simitar conclusion working on Celosia seedlings. More recently, Pecket and Small (1980) studied the site of anthocyanin synthesis in red _ cabbage seedlings and reached the conclusion “that: "Ehe organelles responsible for anthocyanin formation (anthocyanoplasts) are found in the vacuoles of the plant cells and are the sites of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Beet seedlings are chosen as experimental material in the present study because of our interest in increasing our knowledge about anthocyanin biosynthesis and because of its importance as a crop plant which Can accumulate a high concentration of sucrose in the roots. The work also reports an investigation dealing with the physiological effects of n-propanol on anthocyanin synthesis. 456 POH No OE OnG aia Vol. 65, No. 6 MATERIAL AND METHODS Seed balls of Beta vulgaris cultivar "Bettrave" imported from France were found to be suitable for the present study. The small and big seed balls were sieved out and those retained by 3mm mesh were used as experimental material. Owing to the fact that the coats of these seed balls accumulate germination inhibiting substances, it was necessary to get rid of such inhibitors before germinating the seeds. This was eaSily achieved by washing and leaching with water, since these inhibitors are known to be water soluble as cited by El-Shishiny and Thoday (1953). Seven lots of beet seed balls, each lot composed of 50 seeds, were washed and leached with running distilled water for 8hrs which appears to be quite sufficient to eliminate the germination inhibitory substances in the coats of beet seed balls. After washing, seed balls were removed and rinsed in 70% ethyl alcohol for surface sterilization (Hatata and Shehata, 1979) washed several times with sterile distilled water, then distributed in large sterilized Petri-dishes containing two filter papers moistened with 20ml sterile distilled water. In experiments using n-propanol two days old seedlings were transferred to Petri-dishes containing 20m1 of different concentrations of n-propanol. It was found that with the age of seedlings employed no significant damage was done to the material during this operation. The dishes were transferred to a lightened thermostatically- controlled incubator at constant temperature of 25°C and constant light intensity of 6,000 lux. After 4 days of incubation, the beet seedlings were ready to be used as experimental material to study the effect continuous illumination and different concentration of n-propanol on anthocyanin formation. The same technique in germination, incubation and concentrations of propanol was used under continuous darkness and the Petri-dishes were wrapped with black polythene to prevent any exposure to light during the experiment. Hypocotyls and cotyledons were separated and anthocyanin intensity was determined daily from the 4th to the 12th day of growth. Anthocyanin pigment was extracted using 1% HCl (Muraveva et al. 1987). Anthocyanin assay was carried out by selecting daily Samples starting from the 4th day of germination of the seeds till the 12th day of growth under continuous light or continuous darkness. Each sample was composed of comparable 10 seedlings from the dishes. 457 Hathout & Kord, Anthocyanin in beet seedlings 1989 Yjbus] ARMA oS 09S OSS OPS OzS 02S o1s 00s 5 9 oO a) =] cy oO cr Ks .@) —n a, Ne: o'\Q 4 wa a: is 5 td 3 4 Ere "4 ig % is f i Pe oA by ta ey 4 Bs id ° Ree E . > y 7 a 2 (142) BW} uopafyog a, i aye) 2 3 5 ("d) B wa G46) O Lhyoood iy (sup 22 314619) say busy aan yuasaf frp yw shurypaas 433g fo hyisusp utuhaaypyine — (1) B14 6 No. P HOW TAO iO 1G) TA Vol... "65; 458 sbut[Tpaas yaaq jo yuayuos utuRrAaoyyue yo Aytsuap Itytaads uymol6 jo skeqg 45 LL OL 6 8 Z 9 S v Za o” S N Z é \ Sp ol 7 Ne 7 Pg ne Fe °“SBuypaes 9JOUM-S'7M YN e ae S |AyOD0d Ay =y es suopajAj}o9 - 9 Wuva LAO == LO rage) £0 s‘0 9:0 Z0 80 yuayuoo uruedoouy ( ww acs ) 1989 Hathout & Kord, Anthocyanin in beet seedlings 459 For every sample, the hypocotyls of the 10 seedlings were separated from the cotyledons, then 10m1 of 1% aquous HCl was added to each lot in three successive aliquots of 5,372 mil” °for. “anthocyanin extraction (Pecket and Hathout, 1974). However in dark-exposed seedlings anthocyanin assay waS carried out under green safe light which has no effect on anthocyanin content during assay period (Grill and Vince, 1964). Moreover, the technic of extraction, separation and determination of total sugars (using the anthrone method) in either the cotyledons or the hypocotyls of beet seedlings under different treatments were the same as adopted by Nosseir (1968) where the total Sugar contents were expressed as mgm glucose per 100 gram dry weight of tissue. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The specific intensity of anthocyanin content of the hypocotyl and the cotyledons was measured using spectronic 20 colorimeter at different wavelengths. Fig (1) showed that the peak of absorption of anthocyanin in beet seddling was at 530mm. It was not possible to express the pigment in absolute units in view of the fact that its molecular extinction coefficient was not known. “ Et. is clear virem. Fig (2)) that the dark and Light curves followed the same pattern from the start of anthocyanin determination on the 4th day after germination of the seeds until the 1oth day of growth, either for the cotyledons, or for the corresponding hypocotyl, or for the whole seedlings. For all curves there was a gradual increase in the anthocyanin content of the different parts starting from the qth day of germination untill the 7th day of growth. After the 7th day, there was a gradual decline until the loth day of growth. After the 10th day the anthocyanin level of parts of light-exposed seedlings increased gradually until the 12th day of growth. However, under dark conditions, and after the 10th day of growth, a further gradual decline persisted in the anthocyanin content of both hypocotyl and their respective cotyledons until a value reaching almost zero on the 12th) day of growth. Anthocyanin content of the hypocotyl was always higher than those of the corresponding cotyledons either in “light, or dark. .but the content of the ight exposed seedlings was higher than those of the dark exposed ones Fig. (2). 460 POH Y TOs OFGr Ty A 7Dark) 12(Dark) ~ ~~ <= = a => ~ Q 8 10(Light) FY 10(Dark) EJ 12(Light) Saar SSeS Sis eT) Vw YS’ Ww T7rwow O808 | COUTTTT TIT T TTT T TT y “NaS SEERA ELE ES ERE shep ut eby pst SESSOSSSHSRSTSSHAASSSSHSTAASTESASSGHaReGeesessaseseene: ANSANS, LSS SABwWAEEABAES SERED S UREA CITE TET TTT ET Tre rrr REEMA DBE EEE EUAEES TE ARES CRABS BEBBSBBESREESSEERERUMEEEED COO NN WASBEASSBESBESEERBEAESBEBESEE ‘ eae Sean onan a ee Rg a ———_— ee eee +0 £0. rae) a) aa quajuos uiuefisoujue Vol. 65, No. 2.0 -- of — a 2 - & Q pe = < pS =A aS: £ = a ‘ © & Co Ped a (2) Effect of different conc. of n-propanol on the anthocianin Fig. (3) 00 ings 2 formation in the cotyledons of beet seecfl. ight 2 dark) 6 nl (qrowrn ®t 1989 Hathout & Kord, Anthocyanin in beet seedlings I, Aaron S 2 s z Deccscscsscccscoccuccusceel -~ ~ CB Lm i 3 = ExXSxXKAMabkot Se grc ice <0 SSS Se ES SSSeSsagse sree a —— TTOOR RK Ke Ke =| —————— ' fig (shep ut a6y) SN ee SANAN ABBWBOBRASBeSEBOU™!ES: 2.2 2.0 1.0 COTTE TTT EER vegusausususeessuetsnessescseeeaaqaqeseead wT _WARAVASaVaTeses apepieaheee o COCO) aceenbe N ee es a ————— ee ee a eee 1GGGGSREeReaeeeeasaeeeasessateasasecseeeasenes eneen J 0s 0 Oro oc 0 070 oro 00°0 juazuod uiueAsoujue Concentration of n-Propanol (%) Fig. (4) Effect of different conc. of n-propanol on the anthocyanin 461 formation in the fiypocotyl of bect seedlings (grown in light & dark) 462 PHY | OF EOL e Tk Vol...65, No, .6 The high content of anthocyanin in hypocotyl over that of the corresponding cotyledons might be due to the higher activity of the continued newly formed cells of the growing hypocotyl. Similarly, Pecket (1965) found that higher anthocyanin fermation occurs during the period of the most rapid growth rate of the petals of Lathyrus odorata flowers. Also, it can be seen in Fig. (2) that anthocyanin formation in beet seedlings was dependent on materials stored in cotyledons during the successive days of growth where anthocyanin content increased gradually from the start of assay on the 4th day until reaching its maximum on the 7th, after which it declined gradually until the loth day of growth. Similar results were obtained by Troyer (1964) who found that hypocotyl of 7 days old buckwheat seedlings can form more anthocyanin than those from younger or older plants. Fig. (3) and (4) shows the effect of different concentrations of n-PrOH given to two-days old seedlings exposed to continuous light or left in darkness. It is clear from all histograms that a gradual increase in anthocyanin content of the diff@€rent parts of the seedlings under the different concentrations used of n-PrOH starting from the qth day of germination until the 7th day of growth. The increase was 24% in cotyledons for control under continuous light, and 15% for» 0.2% “n=-prepaneis In the corresponding hypocotyls, there was 10% increase for control and 30% when treated with 0.2% n-propanol. After the 7th day, there was a gradual decline until the 10th day, after which day the anthocyanin content of light-exposed parts increased gradually until the 12th day of growth, by 10% for the cotyledons treated with 0.2% n-propanol and 24% for the hypocotyls. However, under dark conditions, and after the 10th day of growth, a further gradual decline persisted in anthocyanin content of both bypecotyt and their respective cotyledons on the 12th day of growth. From Fig. (4) it can be concluded that anthocyanin content of hypocotyl of seedlings grown in light was significantly decreased by gradually increasing the n-propanol concentration at all the stages of growth. It is alsoi- crear that 0.2% n=PFOH Waa ere effective than the other concentrations in increasing Significantly the anthocyanin content of both cotyledons and hypocotyl. Since seedlings treated with n-PrOH promoted a greater production of anthocyanin. These data are consistent with the concept that n-PrOH increase membrane permeability and facilitates the entry of substrate to the site of antocyanin biosynthesis (Pecket and Small, 1980).Table (1) and (2) showed that the total sugars was significantly 1989 Hathout & Kord, Anthocyanin in beet seedlings 463 increased by anthocyanin biosynthesis. Throughout the whole experimental period the anthocyanin content of the parts of light-exposed seedlings were higher than those of the corresponding parts of the dark- exposed ones, and in the hypocotyl higher than in the corresponding cotyledons, either under light or dark. It is interesting to notice that after the 7th day of growth, although photosynthetic carbohydrates are rendered available in light-exposed seedlings, yet gradual decline in anthocyanin content was apparent until the 10th day of growth. Such decline in photosynthetic carbohydrates was interpretted by Malaviya et al (1966) as due to the presence of a factor other than carbohydrates on which anthocyanin biosynthesis was dependent and this factor seems to be in the cotyledons and becomes lost during continued growth. This factor seems to be lost in beet seedlings older than 10 days, since after the loth day of growth, the anthocyanin level of the light-exposed seedlings increased gradually by further development of photosynthetic organs. Malaviya et al (1966) found that Colocassia plumosa seedlings grown in dark failed to produce any anthocyanin after 5 days in darkness, but before this there was a gradual decline which waS increased by elongating the period of growth in darkness. He attributed such decline to the absence of photosynthetic carbohydrates. This study showed that light might have promoted anthocyanin formation in light-exposed seedlings through its activation of organelles responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis as stated by Pecket and Small (1980). In addition, light is known to increase permeability of cell membranes and this also might activate anthocyanin biosynthesis. The anthocyanin level of light-exposed seedlings after the 10th day of growth increased gradually by the lapse of time due to loss of the cotyledonary factor already referred to in this discussion, and to the interference of the stimulating effect of photosynthesis on anthocyanin formation. However, in the dark, after the loth day of growth, the gradual decline was due to the continuous consumption of photosynthates (Malaviya and Laloraya, 1966). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors gratefully aknowledge professor M.A. Nosseir for his kind advice during this work. 65, No.6 Vol. S2'8 Sle 82°8 BL°2 £e°8 18°2 88d 86°2 PH YT 0.5L 30,6 2A 9b°L 62°€ aI 464 *19AAL ZL 942 3h [04}U0D wWouy Quasasyip AL quedistuBis sz[Nsoy x» “LPAIL ZG By 7e [O4jZUOD WOU} QUaVayyLP A[QUedLyLUBLS Sz[NSay i €°l6z|,,1° 182] 97262] 7662 | ,,6°20€|,,€°90€1,,9°0fb | 2°£62 .609 | ,9°709 | 69] T'e9 | 99] 69 | 99 | Lr29 ~62/2] 27822] 182] 9°182 | ,,8'l6z|,,8°c0e |,,2°z8e | 9-082 wne29L1,,0°92 | 59°92 |,,6°92 | €°62] 9°08 |..9°26 | 8°62 9°C0€] ,,0°22€|,,6°2eb | 2°10E 8°08 8° £82 abc nn 092 Wye 4% ex¥'992| ,6°082 x0 GL |, ,0°92 | et OT 8°0 9°0 %S Gast (%) [ouedoud-u yo -3u09 SS *(*am"pB OOT/asoon(6 Bw) (y4ep % yy611) sbutjpaas yaaq yo suopajézo2 ayq yo sueBns [e303 ay} UO [ourdoud-u yO “9U09 Quasassip JO 4Da4s49 2(T) aiqey 465 Hathout & Kord, Anthocyanin in beet seedlings 1989 [O4}U0D WOU} JUauAajJLP AjquertylUBIS sz[NSaYy yy [O4}UOD WOUy QUa4ayyip AzuedtyLtuBis sqinsay oy “anal, ZL aya 7e “anal 7G ay 7e 8Z°IT oI's 9 blb 9°SLE}, 2 20d 1S bbl, wa’ 11S ],,6 0€S qty 21 88°2 86°1 PRAT | et 7 2°Sb Sb y4ep 18 ‘Ol fod 9 blb| 2°9lb) 9°Slb ee ced) | eeciehon qybi Ol 8B8°€ 2°95 27s y4ep S8°Ol 6°08b} I[°28b| €°08b) 6° Llb Us8lp] 2°llb | ,,0° 285), ,9 TES ay l 8S °€ 6°26 £°26 6°€6 |,,2° 901 y4ep 82°01 wy8 ISD 6°Olb} ,,£ 225},,0° Les qb iL] 9 S9°€ 9°06 1°26 1°€6 },,8 £01 y4ep vb Ol axl ODE 8 bSb} .,2°S2b},,9°125),,8° 125 | 6°9Sb Wy6t v 6S°€ > 68 1°26 Z2°€6 | ,8 €Ol) ,T vot | £'16 y4ep ; 5 ' a ee "shop. zt %S oud 0'2 8° oT vil rie | Ol 8°0 9°0 b°0 270 0 SS aoe ut aby qs (%) ourdoud-u jo *3u09 juawy easy SS “(-am *p'6 OOT/asoon,6 Bw) (yx4ep 3 74Bt1) sburtpaas yaaq yo {Aj090dXy ayy yO sens {e303 ayy UO [OURdOId-U yO “JU0D YUosas}IP JO 399557 2(2) FIGPL 466 Pony LO. 10) Gr A Vol. 65, No.6 REFERENCES El-Shishiny, E.D.H. and Thoday, D. (1953). J. Exp. Bot. Vol. 4,° 20). Grill, R. and"*Vince, D.~ (1964)... Planta. Vol iGoy se Hatata, M.A. Shehata and Khalil, S. (1979). Egypt. ie BO VOL.) ly) ey. Malaviya, B. and Laboraya, M. (1966). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. Vol. 114, 56. Muraveva, D. and Bubenchikova, V.N. (1987). Farmatsiya (Moscow) Vol. 36, 28. Nosseix, “MSA. (1968). “Ind. “Adv. Front.” Plant .seoeu. 21, LO3S—116. Oelmuller, “and Mohr,. HH. (1985). Proc. Natd) eAcad: Sez. iU2S A.) Vol. 8i2i-0 6102 4— Pecket, R.C. (1965).sd.: Exp: Bot. Woi. IW, ae Pecket, R.C:s. HATHOUT, ~T:Az (1974) “Phy tochem.— nol 3, 6a5. Pecket, R.C€.and Smali, C-J (1980) Phytochen. Woe. 2571. Siegelman, H.W. (1964). Biochemistry of Phenolic Compounds Academic Press, London. 437. Siegelman, S.B. Hendricks, (1957). Plant) Physioc; WrolG, Se Ae Sieh sie A REVISED SYNOPSIS OF THE WHITE PINES (PINUS, SECTION QUINQUEFOLIIS) Pierre Landry 230 blvd. des Trembles, unit 2 Hull, J9A 2H4, Canada ABSTRACT A revised subdivision of the 11 species of section Quinguefoliis emend. (Synonym: section Strobus emend.) is proposed in accordance with the principles of Philosophia botanica by Linné. The basis of the section (emended here) is the long, effective seed wing, and the basis of the 3 subsections is highly practical: it uses the characters of the cones, often found lying on the ground under the t rees. The subsections possess satis- factory coherence » both morphologically and geographical- S75 INTRODUCTION This synopsis revises the ones previously written by myself (Landry 1974 and 1977) wherein sec- tions and series had been segregated. While time mar- ches on, the human person has a natural tendency to change her mind according to the experience gained. I now think that for a genus of less than 100 species, it is not ne- cessary to use series. The divisional rank of subgenus and the subdivisional ranks of section and subsection do suffice. I concur in that respect with Engler, Gaussen, Little & Critchfield, Pilger, Shaw and many others. However, the classifications now extant peed further re- fining, new subgeneras, sections and subections could be created for outstanding species and groups of species. The treatment that we propose hereunder: 1) is in accordance with Linné (1751); 2) it is also the logical suite of the conclusions of Critcnhfield (1986); 3) above all,.it as highly. practical. Here iS a short development of those 3 bases: 1) A decade ago (Landry, 1979) we had published a funda- mental analysis of the ways of classifying the divisions and the subdivisions of a higher plant genus. We had taken the example of the genus PINUS. To our astonish- ment, the unanimity did not exist between 10 sys- 467 468 Pou Yor OsL OG eA Vol. 65, No. 6 tematicians on how to proceed and on what kind of basic data should be used. Consequently, the results and conclusions differed widely from author to author. We then commented such a "tragic" situation and made our- self this sentence of Gaussen (1960, p. 17): "Classifi- cation clashes with the defects of all (plant) classi- fications: to group together all (the species) which resemble each other means that we place together (spe- cies) in a similar evolutive state: it does not mean grouping together closely related species." We had then concluded that for the time being - i.e. until we finally understand the processus of evolution - the most practical way to classify plants remains to follow the ideas of Linné (1751) who chose the reproductive system as a main basis to plant classification. Why ? Because, its morphology is more refined. Why simplify and use only morphology ? Because confusion tends to happen when we take into consideration more than one kind of data. 2) Critchfield (1986, p. 654) confirmed our o- pinion when he wrote this: "The contradictions between reproductive characters , vegetative morphology, cros- sing data and biochemical variations appear to ke irre- conciliable". 3) Our system is moreover a system of maximal practicability. % follows the simplest dendrological rule of considering just what is most easily seen and found, namely macroscopic morphological characters and easily picked up material. To fulfill such a prerequi- site, the taxons hereunder proposed are diagnostically described by means of just the cones, including the trace left by the seeds on the underside of the scales. No conelets to scrutinize, no strobiles. It is so ea- sier to simply pick up the cones as they very often lie on the ground under the mature trees. Even half rotten cones will suffice. The only other character used is the stature of the trees (very large, large, medium) but it is not neatly diagnostic; only indicative. The material observed was mostly located in the Dominion Arboretum at Ottawa, the Arnold Arboretum at Cambridge, Mass., the Strybing Arboretum at San Francis- co. We also studied in situ the Cordilleran species and Pinus strobus. 1989 Landry, Revision of white pines 469 SECTION QUINQUEFOLIIS EMEND. This epithet was first validly published by Duhamel du Monceau (1755, vol.2, p.127). Duhamel included 2 spe- cies: P. cembra and P. strobus. Then Little & Critch- field (1969, p.8) selected P. strobus as the lectotype species. Now, nere we emend the diagnostic characters and the circumscription of the section as follows: se- mina alata normalis, umbone terminali, that is: long, effective seed wing, umbo terminal. By doing so we se- parate section Quinguefoliis from section Cembra charac- terized by seeds wingless or with short, non effective wings (i.e. snorter than the body of the seeds) in addi- tion to the terminal umbo. Why give here so much impor- tance to the long, effective seed wing? Because there is an important geographic correlation: section Quin- quefoliis is much less continental than section Cembra. In a subsequent paper we will develop this fact. The following key takes into account the cone apophyses dimensions and the lenght of the seed wings. Regarding the apophyse we had considered also the de- gree of their reflexion but we finally found that it was not always clear. Pinus ayacahuite, for exemple sometimes has all its apophysis reflexed, sometimes Only the upper third. And Pinus monticola has someti- mes a fifth, sometimes half. KEY TO THE SUBSECTIONS OF SECTION QUINQUEFOLIIS 1. Cone relatively light: the midcone apophysis are narrow (10-27 mm) and thin (2-3 mm)......2 2. Seed wing (at midcone) 2 times or more longer than the body of the seed .......subsection Strobi 2. Seed wing (at midcone) 1-2 times longer than the body of the seed ......subsection Gojae 1. Cone relatively heavy: the midcone apophysis are wide (30-35 mm) and thick (5-6 mm)......subsection Nat-clehianae 470 PHY T0-L-O7Gsr A Vol. 65, No. 6 SUBSECTION STROBI EMEND. First valid publication: Loudon (1838, p.2280) wno listed P. strobus (here selected as the lectotype), and also P. lambertiana P. monticola and P. wallichia- na. He insisted tnat P. strobus and P. wallichiana were very similiar. As emended here, this subsection now compri- ses 7 species. We describe it as follows: umbo ter- minal, rather light cones and very long seed wings (at least twice longer than the lenght of the seed itself). They are: Pinus strobus (type), and P. ayacahuite, chiapensis, P. dalatensis, P. monticola, P. peuce, and P. wallichiana. Interested like the psalmist who sung: "Great are the works of Adonai YHVH, studied by those who want them", I would like to know why those 7 species are specially distributed. Right now, we can notice 3 first facts: globally (1) that subsection @s retace— vely soutnerly ana (2) it is situated not too far from ancient or present seas or oceans, and (3) we find it distributed arounu the Northern Hemisphere except in the Extreme Orient where subsection Gojae gradually replaces it. SUBSECTION GOJAE Subsection Gojae n. subsect. Umbone termina- li, apophysis Sis comparate Paucis grandibus, semina ala brevia separabili (ala 1-2X semina). Holotypus: Pinus morrisonicolahayata. - Subsection Gojae n. subsect. Terminal umbo, apophysis comparatively smailer, seed- wing Short (wing 1-2 times the lenght of the body of the seed). - Sous-Section Gojae n. subsect. Ombi- lic terminal, apophyses comparativement petites, graines munies d'ailes courtes (1-2 fois la longueur du corps de la graine). That name is from a Sino-japanese root mea- ning "five leaves" This series comprises Pinus kwangtuncgensis, Pinus morrisonicola (type) and Pinus pentaphylla. Concerning Pinus wangii, we conSider ita species du- bium. I respectfully pray here the esteemed Chineese dendrologists to furnish me witn informations and spe- cimens of taxon wangii, very closely related to Pinus 1989 Landry, Revision of white pines 471 kwangtungensis. The said 3 species grow not far from the sea in the southeastern Extreme Orient. They are medium trees commonly attaining 25-30 m. Pinus pentapnylla is the right name of the Ja- panese White Pine, due to the fact that the complex Pinus X parviflora is a group of nothomorphs of Pinus pentapnylla hybrided with Pinus pumila. Please reaa more below about this subject. SUBSECTION NAT-CLEHIANAE Subsection Nat-clehianae n. subsect. Umbone terminali, apopnysi ~apopnysi comparate grandior: 30-35 mm lata, 5-6 mm crasSa; pedunculatum conis 5-15 cm longus. Mono- typicus: Pinus lambertiana Douglas. - Subsection Nat-clehianae n. subsect. Terminal umbo, apophysis com- paratively bigger: width 30-35 mm, thickness 5-6 mn; lenght of cone peuuncle 5-15 cm. I add this: the apophysis are lustrous when green or fresh or when the cones are just failen on the ground (before they start rotting). - Sous-section Nat-clehianae n. subsect. Ombilic terminal, apopnyses comparativement plus grosses: largeur 30-35 mm, @paisseur 5-7 mm; longueur du pédon- cule du c6ne 5-15 cm. J'ajoute que les apophyses sont lustrées lorsque vertes ou frafches ou quand le cG6ne vient de tomber au sol (avant qu'il commence 4 pourrir). Please see the herewith drawing, wnicn shows cones of (trom left to right): Pinus ayacahulte (not entirely open), P. monticola, P. Strobus and P. Lam- bertiana. Two of the main Gifferences Separating Pinus lambertiana are Shown: much wider midcone scales; much longer cone peduncle. This subsection is made of very large trees commonly attaining 45-60 m, i.e. by far the largest trees of tne genus Pinus. Their silhouette is also unique: near tne top of the crown of mature trees, we notice very long horizontal branches terminated by the big cones eaSily seen from a aistance. The poet John Muir in The Mountains of California, p.158, was amazed by its special appearance: "Nothwitnstanding they are ever tos- Sing their immense arms in wnat might seem most extra- vagant gestures, there is a majesty and repose about them that precludes all possibility of the ee ae ee or even picturesque, in their general expression" 472 P Het O10 GIA Vol. 65, No.6 (Cited by Sargent, 1897, p.30). I have observed them in the vicinity of mount Shasta, as isolated trees, and fully concurr. The name of this subsection is taken from tne writings of tne discoverer of Pinus lambertiana (i.e. Douglas, 1827, p. 499): “The vernacular name of (that Pine), in the langage of the Umptqua Indians, is Nat-cleh." There for me remains to know exactly what that name means. It is not necessarily because the tree is a giant that the cones are massive. The Seguoias, for example, have relatively small cones. KNOWN NATURAL HYBRIDS The intermediate morphological characters and the actual geographical range of the following 3 hybrid species indicate that they are relict hybrid swarms. We now know that a lack of present range o- verlap by the parent species is not a sine qua non condition for recognizing hybrids. =- Pinus X bhutanica =P. armandii X P. wal- lichiana. Please read Grierson et al. (1980) who des- cribed it as a species. - Pinus X parviflora = P. pentapnylla X P. pumila. Here the best reference 1s Mayr (1980, p. 78- 80). We add that the snave of the scales is about rounded, i.e. ad media res between Pinus pentaphylla (scales longer) and Pinus pumila (scales wider). The cones also do not open much, they are sometimes barely aehiscent. The seedwings are quite short and quite fra- gile, a cnaracter that situate them near the lack of spermoderm of Pinus pumila. The reader is referred to a very excellent illustration of one of the nothomorphs of Pinus X parviflora by the Japan Forest Technical ASSOCLaAtTOn eGLIoA4Pmp. s4—35), pil Ir. - Pinus X veitchii = P. ayacahuite X P. strobiformis. Please consult Shaw (1909, p.10). RECOGNITION This paper is published to honor William B. GCritchfield in recognition for his first ondexicon= tribution to the knowledge of the genus Pinus since over 30 years. 1989 Landry, Revision of white pines 473 REFERENCES Critchfield, W.B. (1986). Hybridization and classi- fication of the White Pines (Pinus section Strobus). Taxon 35: 647-656. Douglas, D. (1827). An Account of a new Species of Pine native of California... Trans. Linnean Soc. London 15), Magee: 8497-500 Duhamel du Monceau, H.L. (1755). Traité des arbres et des anbustes..n0vol. 2.) Panis. Gaussen, H. (1960). Les Gymnospermes actuelles et fos- CHAP. XI. Généralités, genre Pinus. Toulouse. Grierson, A.J.C., D.G. Long & C.N. Page (1980). Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan III..., Notes R.B.G. mba Biej3g° AEs). Japan Forest Technical Association. (1964). Illus- tratea Important Forest Trees of Japan, vol. l. Tokyo. Landry, P. (1974). Les sous-genres et les sections du genre Pinus. Naturaliste can. 101: 769-779. Landry, P. (1977). Taxinomie du sous-genre Strobus (genre Pinus): les sous-sections et les séries. Bulls eSOCe oO temas 124i: 469-474. Landry, PP. (1978)... Reclexiens,ste la division ect la subdivision taxonomigques a'un genre: 1'exemple Gu genre: Prius? Bull. soc. bot. Fr. L252 S0v=Sioe Lanne, C.' (1751). Philosophia’ botanica. Stockholm. Leececle, BE. Lb. & Webs .Ceztchftield (1969) . Subdiwisvens of the genus Pinus (Pines). Misc. Publs U.S. Dep. Agri. 1144. Mayr, H. (1890). Monographie der Abietineen... Munchen.) Vigil am LOam 7 ee Loudon, J.C. (1838). Arboretum et Fructicetum Britannicum. London. Sargent; C.S. (1897). Silva of North America. Vol.i1, IMSS) 75 Shaw, G.R. (1909). The Pines of Mexico. Publ’ s. Ar- nold Arboretum I. Boston 474 Pen yt OL OG rs Vol. 65, No. Cones of (from lett to right): Binus ayacanuice iGo entirely open), P. monticola, P. strobus and Ps lanbere— laua. Two of the main differences separating Pinus lambertiana are shown: much wider midcone scaies; much longer cone peduncle. A REVISED SYNOPSIS OF THE PINES 2 THE AROLLA PINES (PINUS, SECTION CEMBRA) Pierre Landry 230 blvd. des Trembles, unit 2, Hull, J9A 2H4, Canada ABSTRACT Section Cembra, here emended, is of 8 species with terminal umbos and wingless seeds (or seeds having a short, ineffective wing). It is subdivided into 3 subsections which have clear cut characters, without overlapping. The shape of the midcone scales is mainly considered; also the cespitosity of the plant (or its absence). The proposed treatment is quite practical, and classical. SECTION CEMBRA EMEND. Section Cembra Spach (1842, p. 398) is hereby emended to include only the Pinus species with a termi- nal umbo and wingless seeds, or seeds having a short, ineffective wing. We exclude the degree of dehiscence or indehiscence of the cones, because we cannot effecti- vely observe it without taking great pains and lots of time . For example, over one century of botanizing had elapsed before it was found (by D.F. Tomback in 1980 or so; please read Critchfield, 1986, p. 648), that the cones of Pinus albicaulis are sometimes dehiscent. Other species - Pinus koraiensis, Pinus pumila - open partly their cones, and that is confusing. Finally many other species of Pinus look closed or nearly closed on the ground after pouring rains. They will become wide open after a dry spell of weather. The characters that we use to subdivide this section are those of the cone scales and their umbos. We had considered the degree of reflexion of the apophy- sis but upon close study it was noticed that there was too much variation intraspec”ifically. For example the 475 476 PHY TO Or ar TA Vol. 65, Now 6 apophysis of Pinus strobiformis are sometimes all stron- gly reflexed, and sometimes only half of them are refle- xed. Those of Pinus koraiensis are reflexed or not. EtGc. KEY TO THE SUBSECTIONS 1. Midcone scales longer than wide, or rounded. Trees ince peuetenene Soe 2. Apophysis thin (2-5mm). Umbo small, blunt to subacute, not prickling...... ....Subsection Cembrae. 22. Apophysis thick (6-7mm). Umbo salient, suba- cute ‘to acute’, preveklingals ole cei. subsection Nucifragae. 11. Midcone scales wider than long. Shrubs..... »..-Sub- section Coxinoides. SUBSECTION CEMBRAE EMEND First valid publication by Loudon (1838, p. 2274). He comprised only Pinus cembra. The synonyms of that subsection are listed in Little & Critchfield (1969, p. 8). Our new emended description is given above by the words of the key (articles 1 and 2). It comprises 6 species: Pinus cembra (type) (including P. sibirica), P. armandi (including P. dGabeshanensis), P. fenzeliana, P. flexi- lis, P. koraiensis and P. strobiformis. All are continental,except Pinus koraiensis and Pinus fenzeliana which are both continental and maritime. Pinus sibirica is considered by me and by many others aS a variety of Pinus cembra. I dare call it a "small" species or a "microspecies". In order to come to that conclusion, I obey to the principle of equity which stipulates that we call a taxon by the name of "microspecies" when it can be distinguished by fewer net morphological differences. In the case of taxon sibirica, only 2 net such differences have been found: 1) seeds with a fragile husk; 2) bud scales shining. I therefore propose that it be called var. sibirica Loudon (sss). pen ZeuoDr. Pinus dabeshanensis Cheng & Law differs from Pinus armandi, according to its authors, mainly by the reflexed midcone scales. But the degree of reflexion 1989 Landry, Pinus section Cembra 477 of cone scales in sections Cembra and Quinguefoliis of- ten varies intraspecifically according to latitude and altitude. Please read further above, under the heading "Section Cembra emend". We here again have the case of a "small" species which in all equity we cannot place in the same level as the "big" species. “Pinus dabeshanensis Cheng & Law in Cheng et al. (1975, p. 85)”"is the precise reference for further stu- dy Of 2ts sank. Taxon dabeshanensis was first published in a great monograph of Chinese Conifers, wherein thank God many taxonomic problems were solved. SUBSECTION NUCIFRAGAE This new subsection comprises only Pinus albi- Caulis Engelmann. The cones of this species are pecu- liar by their subacute or acute umbos. When we grab the whole cone, our hand feels a bit prickled. By that trait, Pinus albicaulis can be slightly related to some cf the species of subgenus Pinus (cones with dorsal, simple umbo). Secondly, the midcone apophysis are much thicker (6-7mm) than those of the other species belonging to section Cembra. Thirdly, it has been reported (Shaw, 1914, p. 28) that the seeds of that species have no spermoderm ac ale Fourthly, Weaver & Dale (1974, p. 227) inform us that it is often multi-tmnkd:"In half of the stands [surveyed in Montana] over half the trees had two or more stems. [...] Trees with five or more stems appear in two-thirds of the stands, but no tree with more than eleven stems were seen. The clumping may be due to branching at the base or, more likely, to the germina- tion of several seeds in a cone or a squirrel cache". (The only other Pinus belonging to subgenus Strobus and which is more clumped is Pinus pumila, Please see photo of a 9-stemmed clump of Pinus pumila here under. Pinus pumila is near always cespitose). Formal creation: subsection Nucifragae nov. S&S. Strobili umbone sub-mucronato. Apophysi crassa (6- 7mm). Monotypus: Pinus albicaulis Engelmann. 478 PeACY>TOn Lore sie Vol. 65, No. 6 1989 Landry, Pinus section Cembra 479 That is a low tree (common height: 8-10m). Of all the Pines belonging to subgenus Strobus in America, it is the most cold resistant and the most northerly, rea- ching Latitude North 559. Peculiarly, it grows only near the timberline of high altitude sites. The subsection's name recalls that the Nucifra- ga birds "own" those Pines, together with the squirrels. SUBSECTION COXINOIDES Subsection Coxinoides noy. s— Strobili squamis Pinus pumila Regel. This subsection is extraordinary. Its midcone scales are wider than long; it is the only species of the subgenus Strobus which has a shrubby habit. It often forms pure dense stands that are so thick as to be nearly impenetrable by human beings, partly due to its cespitose habit (photo). Essentially a continental species, it occupies the record latitude amplitude of the genus Pinus (ran- ging from Latitude 35°930' in Japan to Latitude 70°45' in Siberia), totalling 35°15" ..,-I1t. is aso, the most mor- therly species of the genus Pinus (see Crithfield & Little, 1966) and by far the most cold resistant. The deadly winds coming from the Arctic regions do not at- tain him very much because of its low stature. It "Sleeps" below the snow level during the hard winter months. KNOWN NATURAL HYBRIDS A natural hybrid should be called by a binomi- al (followed by a notomorph epithet if needed). 1- Pinus X parapumila Ishii n. sp. hybr. Arbus- —— eel and Pinus pumila. Resin canals longer distanced (than those of Pinus pumila). Ishii (1952, p. 115) had forgotten to write his description in latin when he described that natural hybrid species. 2- Pinus X novaemexicana n. sp. hybr. Arbor ad media res Pinorum fiexilis et strobiformis. Semina ee" le 480 P Hoy TOL) Gers Vol. 65, Noes alata breviorissima. -Tree intermediate between Pinus flexilis and Pinus strobiformis. Seeds with a very short wing (ineffective). Most details about this natural hybrid species are furnished by Steinhoff & Andresen (1971), and Andresen & Steinhoff (1971) who did during the Sixties ane the beginning of the Seventies an essential contri- bution to the knowledge of the Pines in U.S.A. and Mexico. A synonym exists of this hybrid, according to what I conclude from the observations of Andresen & Steinhoff (1971, p. 59); here is what those authors write: "The cone scales of var. (macrocarpa) are inter- mediate between vars a and Y and are also intermediate within the clinal array of the P. flexilis-strobiformis complex of Arizona and New Mexico". That synonym is Pinus flexilis var. macrocarpa Engelmann (1878, p. 258). RECOGNITION This paper is published to honor Seiji Ishii for his first order contribution to the knowledge of the genus Pinus since over 30 years. Ishii innovated in the classification of the genus Pinus by giving pre- ponderance to the morphology of the seeds. REFERENCES Andresen, J.W. & R.J. Steinhoff (1971). The taxonomy of Pinus flexilis and P. strobiformis,. Phytologia 22> 57-70: Cheng, W.-C., L.-K. Fu and C.-Y. Cheng (1975). Gymnos-— permae Sinicae. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 13: S690, +66 Liiustr +17 pl. Critchfield, W.B. (i986). Hybridization and Classifi- cation of the White Pines (Pinus section Strobus). Taxon 35: 647-656. 1989 Landry, Pinus section Cembra 481 Critchfield, W.B. & E.L. Little (1966). Geographic Distribution of the Pines of the World. U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Pub. 991. Englemann G. (1878). Coniferae of Wheeler's Expedition in Rept. Geological Surveys... by J.T. Rothrock. 6: 255-264. Ishii, S. (1952). A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Pinus. Rep. K6chi Univ. Nat. Science No.2: 103-127. (In Japanese, partly in English). Landry, P. (1977). Taxinomie du sous-genre Strobus (genre Pinus): les sous-sections et les series. Bulle soc. bot. Pre 124): 469-474, Rrebie PELL. ur & WeB! Critchfield (1969) 2~ Subdivi-= sions of the Genus Pinus (Pines). U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Pub. 1144. Loudon, J.C. (1838). Arboretum et Fructicetum Britanni- cum. London. Shaw, G.R. (1914). The Genus Pinus. Arnold Arboretum Pub o Gp. 2 Spach, ©. (1842). Histoire naturelle des végétavux phanérogames, vol. 2. Steinhoff, R.J. & J.W. Andresen (1971). Geographic variation in Pinus flexilis and Pinus strobiformis and its bearing on their taxonomic status. Sylvae Geneticae 20:159-167. Weaver, T. & D. Dale. (1974). Pinus albicaulis in Cen- tral Montana: Environment, Vegetation and Produc- tqion.. Ame MiidiandeNetr. 922) 222-2307 A YELLOW-FRUITED FORM OF PRUNUS GENTRYI (ROSACEAE) Joseph E. Laferritre Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ BS721 The Mountain Pima of the Sierra Madre of the Mexican state of Chihuahua recognize two folk species of the wild cherry Prunus gentryi Standl., differentiated by the color of the fruit. The first, Called "ahuasiqui negro,” is very dark purple, almost black. The second, ~ahuasiqui blanco, ” is characterized by a yellow mesocarp and an exocarp which 1s either yellow or sometimes red if exposed to the sun. The latter is hereby given formal taxonomic recognition, as follows: Prunus gentryi Standl. Fie flavipulpa Laferriére, forma nova. Differt a forma gentryi mesocarpic fFlavo et exocarpio Flavo vel coccineo. Like F. gentryi but with yellow mesocarp and yellow to scarlet exocarp. Type: Nabogame, Chihuahua, 1800 m, 2B°30’N 108°30’u, 2 Aug 1988, Laferriére 1600 (Holotype at ARIZ; isotypes at Ex CHARS VUE; Moe US, F, UNLIRD Gieporuipe: Nabogame, raje} SU asisists Laferriére 1572 (ARIZ, PE CHAPR*S GAS SINS [COIS The name "flavipulpa” means "with yellow pulp.” Both the purpie and the yellow forms of this species are common along streambanis in the vicinity of the type locality. The Pime consider the yellow-fruited Form to be sweeter in taste. 482 NDMENCLATURA PLANTARUM AMERICANARUM. IX. PALMAE A. Lourteig Cuando Plumier ilustr6é los géneros en Cat&logo, utiliz6 los dibujes que le parecieron m&s adecuados para expresar los caracteres genéricos, aunque pertenecieran a m4s de una especie. Esta prdctica es utilizada por muchos otros autores y es légica, pues se trata de presentar un géne- ro y no una especie. Cuando el género es monotfipico o cuando se puede probar que todos los dibujos corresponden a una sola especie (como ocu- rre a veces), la ilustraci6n es adem&s de genérica, especffica. En ©1 ca- so presente s6lo intent6 presentar Palma y us6 el porte de una planta y los detalles de otra. Esto fué bien observado por Martius y por Urban quienes ya hicieron la separaci6n. En su descripci6n del género Palma,en p. 2, Plumier con un gran sentido pedagégico sefiala las letras que acom- pafian,en le 1lémina 1, las distintas partes del h&bito de la palmera."... Gaudicis unius recti A, ramos no producentis..., in orbem positis B, fo- lia deferentibus;....inter quas vaginae seu spathae C...% que estd4n gra- badas al lado de los 6rganos correspohdientes en la figura que represen- ta esta especie. El protélogo correspondiente a los icones MSS 7: 7,8,9,10 es la ba- se de Geonoma? Plumeriana Martius, Palmetum Orbignianum 34. 1843; Hist. Palmarum 3: 316, 331. 1853 . Martius hizo algunos pequefios cambios en la transcripci6n del MSS de Plumier, as{: en la diagnosis comienza: "G.ces- pitosa,caudice elate 30 pedalis..’ En realidad Plumier se expres6 asf: "Palma haec palustribus locis potissimum gaudet; plures insimul ex ea- dem sede,...." lo que significa que varias, al mismo tiempo (crecfan en el mismo lugar. Por esta diferencia han habido siempre dudas para la u- bicaci6n de la especie en el género al cual pertenece. Las fotoaraffas que ilustran los trabajos de Bailey (fig. 100) y otros, muestran siem- pre otros individuos juntos y hay siempre grupos de esta planta entre al- ta vegetaci6n arbustiva y otras. Corresponde bien a lo que se concibe ce- mo Calyptronoma . En la descripci6n, Martius agreg6 algunos términos en- tre parfntesis, adaptando as{ la descripcié6n plumeriana a la @poca moder- na de “artius, tales como pinnae, spathae, pedunculis. Al citar la tab. 1 del Cat&logo de géneros de Plumier se refiere bien al h&bito, elimi- nando los detalles que pertenecen a otra planta, porque esta l4mina fué hecha para ilustrar "Palma" y no una especie determinada. Urban procedié con la misma inteligencia. Las confusiones vinieron m&s tarde, con los botAnicos contempor&neos (ej. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4: 169-170.1938; wes- sel Boer p. 568. 1968). Todas las ilustraciones in@éditas corresponden bien a lo que cono- cemos con el binomio de Calyptronoma rivalis y a los dibujos y fotogra— ffas tanto de Cook como de Bailey (39c, 90, 91, 92d, 99, 100). 483 484 PHY IT OL,0 CG LA Vol. 65, No. 6 Como el nombre de Martius tiene prioridad sobre el de Cook, esté correctamente publicado, descrito, ilustrado y por ende tifpificado, una nueva combinaci6én es necesaria : Calyptronoma Plumeriana (Martius) Lourteig n. comb. Geonoma? Plumeriana Martius, Palmetum Orbignianum 34, 1843; Hist. Nat. Palmarum 3: 316, 331. 1853. Wessel Boer, Geonomoid Palms 65. 1968. Tipo: Plumier, Catal. Gen. Tab. 1 h&bito, excl. detalles y MSS 7, ic.7, 8,9,10 citados por Urban, Symb. Antil. 8: 76. 1920: " tab. 1 ad dexte- ram (fige 6 summae) et tab. manusc. 7-10 ", basados an una planta reco- gida por Plumier en la Isla de Santo Domingo, “Fond des negres, inter le Petit Goive et 1’isle a Vache". Sin6n. Cocops rivalis 0.F.Cook, Bull. Torre. Bot. Club 28: 568, tab. 47, fig. 2. 1901. Tipo: Puerto Rico, Aguadilla, near San Sebastién, Cook et al.(cf. Bailey). Calyptronoma rivalis (0.F.Cook) Bailey, Gentes Herb. 4 (5):171. 1938. Palma Pinao Aublet, Fl. Guiana Franc. 2: 974. 1775 quoad cit. Plumer. Calyptrogyne occidentalis auct. (Urban, 1.c.) quead syn. Plumer, et Mart. non Calyptronoma occidentalis (Sw.) Moore, Gentes Herb. 9: 252. 1963. Aublet, l.c. sub Palma Pinao cita el prot6logo de Plumier sin la l&mina, Adem&s dice que hay tres variedades,que no describe ni dife- rencia; no existe género Palma, por lo tanto no pueden identificarse; los datos que menciona se refieren a plantas que crecen en Guayana Francesa. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris). SOBRE UN SUPUESTO SINONIMO DE Pimenta racemosa (P.Miller)J.W.Moore A. Lourteig L.R, Landrum in Monograph 45. Flora Neotropica (Myrtaceae) p. 106 y 107 incluye Myrtus cotinifolia Plumier, publicado por Burmann, Plan- tarum Americanarum fasc. 9. 1759,como sinénimo de Pimenta racemosa (P. Miller) J.W.Moore. Burmann publicé esa obra porque habfa comprado las copias de u- na parte de los Icones de Plumier que habfan pertenecido a Boerhaave y que s6lo comportan los prot6logos correspondientes, sin descrip - ciones ( v. Heller & Stearn, Appendix.... pe 47, 1958 in Linnaes, Sp. Plant. edit. facsim. Edit. Stearn). Sobre esas copias yo he trabaja- do. Burmann us6 los portélogos de Plumier para denominar las ilus— traciones, pero cre6 sus propios protélogos que inscribié debajo de los originales de Plumier y que no son necesariamente equivalentes; luego afiadi6 textos y referencias a otros autores todos posteriores a Plumier, sin ninguna investigaci6én. Plumier, muerto en 17G4, no tiene ninguna responsabilidad en esta obra,que se puede calificar de bastarda, puesto que su raz6n de ser es el aprovechamiento de sus ilustraciones siendo los textos de Burmann. Aunque esta obra es posterior a 1752 (creaci6n de ia Nomencla- tura binaria de Linné) no deja de ser pre-linneana, dado que sélo usa "prot6logos" es decir "nomenclatura polinomial". El azar ha querido, en el caso de Myrtus cotini-folio, que el protélogo corto se pueda confundir con un nombre binario, como lo hizo Landrum. No es tal, porque en la 6poca en que Plumier lo escri- bié (siglo XVII) no existfia la nomenclatura binomial. Este prot6logo fu€é puesto en binomio por Gmelin, recién en 1791. £1 libro de Burmann ha sido sumamente perjudicial para la obra de Plumier y,aun hoy, para la tipificacidn de las especies linneanas de América. Salvo por la citacién de las l&minas, obligada porque Linné las us6 en Species Plantarum, Genera y Systema, con los proté- logos, no debemos tener en cuenta las supuestas sinonimias de Bur - mann. Burmann publica Myrtus cotini-folio p. 203, equivocAndose en el texto (como tantas veces) citando MSS 7: 79, Este ic6n es lo que Plu- mier describi6 cono: Myrtus arborescens Citri foliis glabris, fructu Caryophylli sapore, el cual corresponde a Pimenta racenosa (P.Miller) J.WoMoore (V. Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beihefte 5: 136. 1520 sub Amo- 485 486 PPHAY2 TOP ELOUGRI TA Vol. 65, No. 6 mis caryophyllata (Jacquin) Kurg et Urban ). Pero el protélogo enunciado por Burmann va acompafado de la l&mina 203, fig. 2, lo cual no puede o - mitirse como lo hace Landrum, y ésta corresponde al MSS 7, icén 83 que €s una reproducci6n parcial, crude, de la hermosa l&mina en acuarela con anélisis florales, de Plumier. Aun as{, no puede confundirse con la espe- cie de Pimenta en cuestié6n, lo que hace sospechar que Landrum no la vié. Por consiguiente, la sinonimia a_Pimenta racemosa citada por Landrum lec. p. 107, es falsa ya que el nombre de la especie y la ilustraci6n co- rresponden a Myrcia citrifolia excl. sinonimia. En resumen: Myrtus Cotini-folia Plumier, MSS 7, ic. 83; Cat&l. 19. 1703, "“cotini-fo- lio"); Plant. Americ. Edit. Burmann 203, excl. synon., tab. 208, fig. 2. Myrtus citrifolia Aublet, Fl. Guiana Franc. 2: Table des noms 2G; 1: 513. 1775 = Myrcia citrifolia (Aublet) Urban, Repert. Spe Nov. 16: 150.1919; Symb. Antil. 8: 479. 1920. Syn. Eugenia paniculata Jacquin, Collectanea 2: 108, tab. 5,fig. 1. 1788. Myrtus coriacea Vahl; Symbolae 2: 59. 1791. Myrtus cotinifolia Gmelin, Systema 2: 792. 1791. El tipo es la l’mine, 1.c., basada en una planta recogida y descri- ta por Plumier, originaria de Martinica, Cul de Sac a Vache. Muséum Wational d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE) CCXXIV. THREE PREVIOUSLY MISPLACED SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES R. M. King and H. Robinson Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. The following three species have been recognized in the literature since long before the recent study of the tribe Eupatorieae (King & Robinson 1987), but for various reasons have been misplaced or overlooked in that treatment. GRAZIELIA BREVIPETIOLATA R. M. King & H. Robinson, non. nov. Eupatorium brevipetiolatum [Schultz-Bip. ] Baker ex Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. 22: 781. 1897. hom. illeg. Hieronymus cites E. vernoniopsis var.? brevipetiolata Schultz-Bip., msc. in Herb. Reg. Berol. as the source of the name. The name was mentioned by Baker (1876) in a note but was still not validated. The Hieronymus validation fails because of an earlier 1884 validation of a Schultz-Bipontinus manuscript name Eupatorium brevipetiolatum by Klatt for a Mexican species now placed in the genus Bartlettina. The species name brevipetiolata is not preoccuppied in the genus Grazielia and is therefore retained here. The type specimen is that cited by both Baker (1876) and Hieronymus (1897): Sellow 673, in the Berlin herbarium. Since the destruction of the holotype in Berlin the Paris specimen is selected here as lectotype. The Baker reference of Brasilia meridionali was corrected by Hieronymus the Uruguay, and all material seen is from the latter country. The species resembles Grazielia gaudichaudeana (DC.) K.& R. of Brazil, but the leaves are larger (blades mostly 2-5 cm long), the margins are closely crenulate-serrulate, and the secondary veins are pinnate in a strongly and evenly ascending pattern. HETEROCONDYLUS DIDYMUS (Klatt) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium didymum Klatt, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 356. 1894. Previously in this series of studies this species was transferred to the genus Ayapanopsis but examination shows the proper placement is in Heterocondylus. This Bolivian species is the third member of the genus with opposite leaves. It somewhat resembles the common H. alatus (Vell.) K.& R. of Brazil (once known as Eupatorium vautherianum DC.), but the present species has a smaller and more corymbose inflorescence with more subequal involucral bracts. 487 488 Pol oY oT (Oe LeOuGyl cA Vol. 65, No. 6 PRAXELIS SANCTOPAULENSIS (B.L.Robinson) R.M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium sanctopaulense B.L.Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n.s. 68: 32. 1923. The species was placed in Chromolaena earlier in the present series of studies of the Eupatorieae, but reexamination shows that the receptacle is consistly highly conical. Literature Cited. Baker, J. G. 1876. Compositae II. Eupatoriaceae. In C. F. P. Martius, Flora brasiliensis 6(2): 181-375, pls 51-102: Hieronymus, G. 1897. Erster Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Siphonogamenflora der Argentina und der angrenzenden L&nder, besonders von Uruguay, Paraguay, Brasilien und Bolivien. Bot. Jahrb. 22: 672-798. King, R. M. and H. Robinson. 1987. The genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany, Missouri Bot. Garden 22: i-x, 1-581. Studies on Mikania (Compositae)-XVI: Priority of the Name M. dentata Sprengel over M. ternata (Vell. Conc.) B. L. Robinson Walter C. Holmes Department of Biology and Microbiology Northwestern State University Natchitoches, Louisiana 71497 and Sidney McDaniel Institute for Botanical Exploration Box E. N. Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762 These notes result from a literature review preliminary to a treatment of the genus for Paraguay. The plant known as Mikania ternata (Vell. Conc.) B. L. Robinson is native to southern and southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones), and central Peru. It is one of the very few species of the genus used as an ornamental (Graf, 1976), probably because of its palmately compound leaves and the tendency of the vegetative parts to be purplish in color. It is sometimes sold commercially under the name Mikania apiifolia DC. The combination Mikania ternata was proposed by B. L. Robinson in 1911, based on the name Cacalia ternata of Vellozo in Flora Fluminensis (most often cited as published in 1825) because of the apparent priority of that name over either M. dentata Sprengel or M. apiifolia DC. which are both names for the same species. Carauta (1973) has shown that while three fourths of the text of Flora Fluminensis (p. 1-353) was printed in 1825, it remained stored in the "Typographia Nacional" for four years. The sale (distribution) of the incomplete text began in 1829. Under articles 29 (publication is effected by distribution of printed matter) and 30 (effective date of publication is the date on which the printed matter became available) of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the effective date of Vellozo's species described in the first unfinished edition is between 7 September and 28 November 1829 (Carauta, 1973). It is now clear that the name Mikania dentata Sprengel, published in 1826, has priority over [the basionym] Cacalia ternata, and must be considered as the correct name for the plant currently known as Mikania ternata. Complete and correct nomenclature for this species is as follows: Mikania dentata Sprengel, Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 3: 422. 1826, not to be confused with Mikania dentata 489 490 PH Y 2 OO; Galva Vol. 65, No. 6 G. M. Barroso, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 16: 275. 1959, nom. illeg. Cacalia ternata Vell. Conc., Fl. Flum. 315. 1825 [1829]. Cacalia septemnata Vell. Conc., Fl. Flum. 316. 1825 [1829]. Mikania apiifolia DC., Prodr. 5: 202. 1836. Mikania ternata (Vell. Conc.) B. L. Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. 47: 198. 1911. Appreciation is expressed to L. Ramella, coordinator for "Flora del Paraguay" for pointing out the dates of publication of Flora Fluminensis. Literature Cited Carauta, J.P.P. 1973. The text of flora fluminensis and its effective date of publication. Taxon 22: 281-284. Graf, A.B. 1976. Exotica 3. Roehrs Co., Inc. East Rutherford, NJ. 1837 pp. A NEW SPECIES OF RUMFORDIA (ASTERACEAE, HELIANTHEAE) FROM NUEVO LEON, MEXICO B.L. Turner Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, U.S.A. Routine identification of Mexican Asteraceae has revealed the following novelty. It is closely related to R. alcortae and differs most markedly by having exauriculate petioles. RUMFORDIA EXAURICULATA B. Turner, sp. nov. R. alcortae Rzed. similis sed foliis plerumque majoribus et tenuioribus petiolis exauriculatis et flosculis radiatis numerosioribus differt. Suffruticose herbs or shrublets 1-2 m high. Stems terete, purplish, variously puberulent to glandular-pubescent, these sometimes intermixed. Heads hemispheric, radiate, 5-40 in a terminal capitulescence, ultimate peduncles mostly 2-4 cm long. Involucres 5-7 mm high, 2-3 seriate, the bracts subequal, the outer series weakly spreading, rarely reflexed. Receptacle hemispheric, paleate with persistent pales, the latter as long as, or somewhat longer than, the enfolded florets. Ray florets mostly 21, pistillate, fertile, the ligules yellow, 5-9 mm long. Disk florets numerous, fertile, the corollas yellow, the tubes ca 1.5 mm long, glandular-pubescent, the throat ca 2 mm long, the lobes ca 1/2 mm long. Achenes glabrous, somewhat radially compressed, falcate, black and striate at maturity, ca 2 mm long, epappose. Chromosome number, n=16 pairs. TYPE: MEXICO.NUEVO LEON: Mcpio. Doctor Arroyo, ca 35 km NE of Doctor Arroyo, along road ca 0.5 mi S of "El Puerto," NE of San Antonio Pena Nevada, NW side of Cerro Pena Nevada, 2650 m, oak woods, “abundant on steep banks below road, also under oaks," (23° 46' N, 99° 52' W), 16 Oct 1988, Guy Nesom 6788 with D. Morgan (holotype: TEX; isotypes: ANSM, ARIZ, CAS, MEXU, MO, NY, US, XAL). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO.NUEVO LEON: Mcpio. Villa de Santiago, Canon la Boca, Laguna de Sanchez (259 24' N, 100° 19’ W), 1600 m, 10 Aug 1983, Villarreal et al. 2353 (TEX); Mcpio. Aramberri, Cerro Grande, 2400 m, 14 Sep 1986, Hinton et al. 19038 (TEX); Cerro Grande, 2380 m, 10 Oct 1986, Hinton et al 19061; Mcpio. Galeana, Cerro E] Gallo, 2100 m, Hinton et al. 19186 (TEX). Rumfordia exauriculata superficially resembles immature specimens of Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie; indeed, so much so that I needlessly filed the above cited specimens (except the type) with that taxon. Subsequent, careful examination, reveals these to belong to Rumfordia, closely related to, but clearly distinct from R. alcortae. The latter occurs to the south of R. exauriculata (Fig. 1) and is readily recognized by its leaves, which have conspicuous auricles at the base of the petioles. Such auricles tend to be deciduous with age, but the 7 or more collections of this species which I have examined reveal the auricles to be present on at least some, if not all, of the leaves. The auricles were not present on any of the 491 492 PHY TOLOG TA Vol. 65, No. 6 above-cited specimens of R. exauriculata. In addition, the latter species has larger, thinner leaves and the heads have mostly 21 ray florets (rarely as few as 15). Sanders (1977) did not examine sheets of this taxon in his treatment of Rumfordia. He did note, however, that its closest relative, R. alcortae, was distinctive and did not readily relate to other members of the genus. I agree with this assessment and would argue that R. alcortae and R. exauriculata are as close to Smallanthus as they are to Rumfordia, differing from the former largely by their fertile disk florets or hemisphere receptacles, although Robinson (1981) would position these in different subtribes. Sanders (1977) notes that the only known chromosome count for Rumfordia is n=24 pairs in R. floribunda. Rumfordia exauriculata appears to have a chromosome number of n=16 pairs, which is also found in Smallanthus uvedalius. However, as noted by Sanders, counts of n=16 pairs may be tetraploid on a base of x=8. Thus, Rumfordia floribunda may also have an ancestral base of x=8, the number n=24 pairs being possibly hexaploid or 6x. I am grateful to Dr. Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis and helpful suggestions with an early draft of the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Robinson, H. 1981. A revision of the tribal and subtribal limits of the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 51:1-102. Sanders, R.W. 1977. Taxonomy of Rumfordia (Asteraceae). Syst. Bot. 2:302- 316. e fumfordia alcartae © fumfordia exauriculata NEW SPECIES AND NEW COMBINATIONS IN MEXICAN ASTERACEAE (HELIANTHELLA, SABAZIA AND VERBESINA) B.L. Turner Depart. of Botany, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, U.S.A. Preparation of a treatment of the Asteraceae for Mexico has prompted the following new species and combinations: HELIANTHELLA DURANGENSIS B. Turner, sp. nov. Fig. 1. H. ciliata S.F. Blake arcte similis sed habitu robustiore, foliis majorioribus 3- nervatibus ad super basim et acheniis majorioribus epapposis differt. Perennial herbs 30-35 cm high. Stems somewhat recumbent below, sparsely appressed pubescent. Leaves opposite on the lower portions of stem, alternate above, gradually reduced upwards, the mid-stem leaves mostly 4-6 cm long, 10-15 mm wide, internodes mostly 3-5 cm long; petioles 0-1 mm long; blades ovate- lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3-nervate from well above the base (8-12 mm), glabrous to very sparsely strigose, except for the prominently incurved-stngose margins with hairs mostly ca 0.8 mm long. Heads 3.5-5.5 cm wide across the expanded rays. Involucres 2-3 seriate, the outer bracts foliaceous, 10-20 mm long, ciliate. Receptacular bracts, those of the outer series, mostly truncate and glabrous apically, without pubescent appendages. Ray florest ca 11, neuter, the ligules 15-20 mm long, 8-12 mm wide. Disk florets numerous, the corollas 3.5-4.5 mm long, the tubes ca 1 mm long, the limbs tubular, 2.5-3.5 mm long, mostly purplish, glabrous, except for the moderately pubescent lobes. Achenes obovate, ca 8 mm long, ca 5 mm wide, appressed silky-pubescent with hairs 1 mm long or less, epappose. TYPE: MEXICO.DURANGO: Meadows in pine forest along highway 40, E of El Salto, 2 Sep 1969, Clarke & Jones 690902-99 (holotype UCR). In Weber's (1952) treatment of Helianthella this taxon would key to H. ciliata, which is known from only a few collections from about Chihuahua City, Chi. The present taxon differs in being more robust, with larger leaves which are 3-nerved from well above the base and larger heads with outer involucral bracts broad and foliaceous, the apices truncate and without obtuse, markedly pubescent, appendages. In addition the achenes are epappose with longer, appressed-silky, short hairs. Blake described H. ciliata as possessing 3-4 pappus sqamallae, these deeply laciniate-ciliate, connate at the base, and 1.0-1.3 mm long. The present species might be said to have a similar "pappus" but the connation would be imaginary at best and the "laciniations" 0.1-0.5 mm deep. VERBESINA JACKSONI B. Turner, sp. nov. V. callilepis S.F. Blake arcte similis sed foliis plerumque alternatis et basalibus laminis plerumque lanceolati-ellipticis venatione subuliter reticulan differt. Perennial, simple or sparsely branched herbs, 50-70 cm high. Stems terete, hispiduous, mostly leafy below, arising from slender ligneous rootstocks. Leaves 5- 7, largely clustered along the lower 1/5 of the stem, opposite at first but soon alternate, mostly 6-13 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm wide; blades linear-elliptic to oblanceolate, tapered to the base or markedly clasping, coarsely and conspicuously hispid above with erect hairs, less so beneath, the hairs mostly along the major veins 493 Vol. 65, No. 6 PH ¥ TO) L900G? TA 494 A io = aaaF*. Sg. ae or / , from holotype. ensis 9g Helianthella duran Fig. 1. 1989 Turner, New Mexican Asteraceae 495 of the markedly reticulate-pinnate venation, the margins serrulate. Heads radiate, borne 2-3 on a rather elongate common peduncle, the ultimate peduncles 10-15 cm long (ignoring the few bracts or reduced leaves). Involucres hemispheric, 3-seriate, the bracts blackish, subequal, spatulate, coarsely hispid, closely appressed, with mostly erose scarious margins. Ray florets 11, neuter, the ligules yellow, 12-15 mm long. Disk florets 30-40, the corollas yellowish-brown, ca 5 mm long. Achenes (immature) with narrow wings, glabrous, epappose. TYPE: MEXICO.DURANGO: 23 mi NE of Durango-Sinaloa state line, open pine woodland, 8 Sep 1965, R.C. Jackson 7200 [the original label read 7201, but this has been hand-marked to read 7200] (holotype TEX). Additional collection examined: DURANGO.Mcpio. de E] Salto: 3.2 mi E of La Ciudad along highway 40 (ca 105940'W, 23°44'N), 2600 m; "uncommon...on a slope under pines," 19 Aug 1988, A.C. Sanders 8134 (UCR). The holotype has been held for some years now as close to, but different from, V. callilepis, a species of the upper headwaters of the Rio Mayo in Chihuahua. The latter differs quite markedly in its broadly elliptical mostly opposite leaves which are not confined to the lower portions of the stem. It is a pleasure to name this poorly known taxon for Dr. R.C. Jackson who, to my knowledge, first collected it in 1965, this in spite of the fact that numerous collectors have worked the area, including the present author who has collected in the area of the type locality several times. As noted, the only other collection has been that of Sanders, who collected it 23 years thereafter. Raymond C. Jackson is currently Professor of Biology at Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. He has made numerous collections over much of Mexico and is perhaps best known for his cytogenetical and systematic work on the genus Machaeranthera. SABAZIA ELATA (Canne) B. Tumer, comb. nov. based upon Galinsoga elata Canne, Rhodora 79:340.1977. Canne (1977) positioned this taxon in the sect. Elata of the genus Galinsoga, a group which I feel belongs to Sabazia, or at least closer to Sabazia than to Galinsoga as classically defined. SABAZIA GLANDULOSA (Canne) B. Turner, comb. nov. based upon Galinsoga glandulosa Canne, Rhodora 79:380.1977. Canne (1977) positioned this species in the sect. Galinsoga of Galinsoga with the notation that its relationship was "obscure" among the taxa of this group. I relate the species to the sect. Tricarpha of Sabazia which Longpre (1970) treated as a distinct genus. LITERATURE CITED Canne, J.M. 1977. A revision of the genus Galinsoga (Compositae: Heliantheae). Rhodora 79:319-389. Longpre, E.K. 1970. The systematics of the genera Sabazia, Selloa and Tncarpha (Compositae). Publ. Mus. Michigan State Univ., Biol. Ser. 4:287-383. BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "COLORADO FLORA: WESTERN SLOPE" by William A. Weber xvii + 530 pp., 107 multi-fig. black/white draw., 64 color photo. & 3 maps, Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, Colorado 80309. 1988. $14.50 paperbound & $19.50 clothbound. In the very first paragraph of the preface Weber orients his readers to the primal importance of plants as "mankind’s most precious resource". Plants supply all of mankind’s fuel (not atomic), housing, clothing, food, medicine, all animal products, watersheds, and oxygen.The removal of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere could have been added to this appraisal of the importance of plants. "Botany is the science that is ultimately responsible for our survival, and it needs to be recognized as such." There is a serious introduction well worth careful reading about floristic zones, plant geography and the author’s consequent treatment of plant families and genera. Keys to the families and within them to the genera and species are clearcut, often enriched with interesting botanical "tidbits", and helpfully illustrated. After an early amateur start Weber has been a real botanist -- field, teaching, geographic and systematic -- for a long pro- fessional career. "WILDFLOWERS OF THE WESTERN CASCADES" by Robert A. Ross & Henrietta L. Chambers, 141 pp., 182 color photo. on 64 pl., 99 black/white draw. & 4 pp draw. in 22?us: glossary & 1 map. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon 97225. 1988. $19.95 paperbound. This is a delightful, attractive “and “Gacity workable wild flower guide to nearly 300 species (omitting grasses, sedges and rushes) growing on Iron Mountain near Sweet Home in the Western Cascade Mountains.The first author described 18 different plant communities on this mountain. The second author described the obvious diagnostic features of these flowering plants. Shirley A. Stevenson provided line drawings throughout. Rather than using keys’ that novices are often afraid to tackle, the plants are introduced according to their specific habitats. Viewing these sites and learning from this book should make human existence happier, more interesting and more aware of the need to preserve such beauty. 496 1989 Moldenke, Book reviews 497 "MICROFUNGI ON MISCELLANEOUS SUBSTRATES: An Identi- fication Handbook" by Martin B. Ellis & J. Pamela midas, viii.+ 244. pp:., 56, multi-draw. pl...1988.. $46.95. This book continues in similar format the authors’ very fine study of fungi on higher plants published in 1985. It details by habitats, keys, descriptions and plate drawings fungi growing on 1. bryophytes, 2. other fungi, 3. myxomycetes, 4. fire sites, 5. earth, 6. dung and 7. plant and animal products such as feathers and cloth. Each of these keys has its own keys to genera and species as well as references to the detailed penline drawings on the detailed plates. This carefully presented book will be very useful for university and college students of botany, for technicians who need this information for their specifically related prob- lems, for ecologists and for the large group (mainly in Britain) of serious amateurs in this phase of nature study. "ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY Volume 33" edited by Thomas E. Mittler, x + 550 pp., 42 fig., 8 black/white photo., 18 tab. & 3 maps. Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, California 94303-0897. 1988. $34.00. This selection of 23 papers by 37 very capable authors has a wide range of important and interesting topics. Some are: evaluation of IPM over the drenching use of dangerous insecticides, moth hearing and de- fense, evolutionary and ecological relationships of insects on widespread thistles, insect migrations as effected by atmospheric structures and motions, sys- tematics as a necessary support of entomology (and for all other groups of organisms), arthropod regulation of below ground detrital food webs, and winged mayfly "Subimagos". Because of the varied nature, range, depth and collated bibliographic sources these papers and this series has so much to offer not only to the ento- mologists in training and to the professional ones but also to many other kinds of biologists. "ILLUSTRATED GENERA OF SMUT FUNGI" by Kalman Vanky, viii + 159 pp., 120 draw. smutted plants & 125 LM, TEM & SEM photo., VCH Publishers Inc., New York, New York 10160-0425. 1987. $40.00 soft cover. Published as Volume I of Cryptogamic Studies, the author deals with all 51 known genera and many synonyms within the Ustilaginales. The bases and details for Classification are discussed in the introduction and keys. The author has labored over three decades in this 498 PHY? © LO GL A Vol. 65, Noe. 6 field. There are excellent drawings of smutted plants, sori and germinating spores as well as clear micro- photographs of sori and spores. A very thorough study of the literature on this subject appears throughout the text and in the bibliography. There is a full index of all involved fungal names. Botanists as students, teachers and researchers, as well as phytopathologists and mycologists, will find this study very important. "THE ATLAS OF NATURAL WONDERS" by Rupert O. Matthews, 240 pp., 200 color and black/white photo., 64 maps, 50 draw., Facts on File Inc., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1988. $35.00: This beautiful informative book is organized by the English author by longitudes from the Greenwich Meridian eastward around the world. The book jacket appraises this work very well when it claims that this atlas "takes the reader on a journey round these great natural sites -- each of which is stunningly photo- graphed" with their "plants and animals" and with the plea to "preserve our most precious heritage -- the natural world." This gifted author-photographer gives measurements in both metric and U.S. systems through- out. From the coffee table, to casual perusal, for ser- ious reading, for reference and study this book offers so much so impressively. "A SENSE OF PLACE: The Life and Work of Forrest Shreve" by Janice Emily Bowers, xii + 196 pp., 12 black/white photo. & 2 maps. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona 85719. 1988. $19.95. This book has been prepared by a _ competent botanist and experienced author. She relates Shreve’s observations, conclusions and field techniques first in Jamaica and then in the U.S. southwestern deserts. Even though Egler and Gleason appreciated his ideas, they were passed over and only much later reiterated by others as their own. I have always thought of Shreve as an astute, thoroughly honest, careful thinker. As this author ably demonstrates, he had great skill in turning his field observations (i.e., desert botany) into important ecological principles. The appendix offers helpful material in its (1) list of common plant names and their scientific equivalents, (2) notes and their sources to the chapters, (3) bibliography, (4) and most important -- publication listing of Forrest Shreve, as well as (5) an index. 1989 Moldenke, Book reviews 499 "THE FLORA OF NEW ENGLAND - A Manual for _ the Identification of All Vascular Plants Including Ferns and Fern Allies Growing Without Cultivation in New England" by Frank Conkling Seymour, xvii + 611 pp., numerous line draw. & 1 map. Third Printing 1988, John Johnson, Natural History Books, North Bennington, Vermont 05257. 1988. $20.00. The first edition was published in 1982 by the author as PHYTOLOGIA MEMOIRS V. He had a_=e second printing run off in 1985. After his death his wife made this third printing. To it has been added 32 pages by Paul Martin Brown on "notes, additions and correc- tions". In all three forms there is the same Foreword by the world famous botanist, Richard Evans Schultes, appreciative of the author’s thorough work and stres- sing the medical aids that come out of such studies. "BUTTERFLIES OF THE WORLD" by Rod & Ken Preston-Mafham, f2.pp.,..63. color photo. .,...46. black/white photo. , , 17 line draw. incl 1 map, Facts on File Inc., New York, New O06). 1988. $22.95. After an introduction to the main families, struc- tures and life cycles of these interesting creatures, the adult behaviors for reproduction and survival, variations, enemies, ecology, distribution and rela- tionships with man are well presented making this book a careful treatment of this part of the Lepidoptera. These author-photographers, who have had wonderful field experiences at home in England and afar in Africa and South America, have presented the material very in- terestingly and attractively. "CLIMATE AND PLANT DISTRIBUTION" by F.L. Woodward, xi + 174 pp., & 48 black/white fig. incl. 5 maps, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & London, U.K. & New York, Ney. 10022. 1987. $39.50 cloth bound. & $14.95 paper bound. "The central thesis for plant ecology is that Climate exerts the dominant control on the distribution of the major vegetation types of the world." The Gmapters deal with 2. history, 2. scale, 3. world climate, 4. climate and vegetation, 5. climate and the distribution of taxa, and 6. review. Each chapter has carefully detailed bibliographies. I found the series of World-scale maps in chapter 4 to be the book’s most valuable contribution. 500 PRY TOV EO GAT A Vol. ‘65, ‘No. "6 "INVERTEBRATES OF THE H.J. ANDREWS EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, WESTERN CASCADE MOUNTAINS, OREGON: IV. The Oribatid Mites (Acari: Cryptostigmata)" by Andrew R. Moldenke and Becky L. Fichter, vi + 112 pp., 2 diag. keys, 323 SEM photo. and draw., 4 fig. & 2 color “comparzcon photo., 2 tab. & 2 maps. United States Department of Agriculture, FOREST SERVICE, Pacific Northwest Resaerch Station, 319 Pine Street, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR. 97208. 1988. No charge. Because of all the above listed carefully photographed and drawn illustrations with pointers to diagnostic features, and because of the clear and precise language used in the keys for the immature and adult stages, this publication will prove of consider- able value to many more scientists and students than just the acarologists digging around the forest floor detritus especially at the bases of such evergreens as the Douglas-firs. Even the glossary is illustrated. The color plates show all taxa from the Andrews Forest. The text describes each species with microhabitat prefer- ences, patterns of abundance and seasonal phenology. This study can be highly valuable to advanced students, forestry researchers, and as university and laboratory library source material. "THE NATURE OF NATURALIZATION a i Studies in Naturalization 1925-1980 The Introduced Flora of Aton Forest, Connecticut" by Frank E. Egler ix + 145°>pp., 2 black/white illus. 1983. Obtain from author. This is a progress report on a 55-year-old effort to study attempted naturalization results of 618 herbs, shrubs and trees in nine different growing places in this ordinary northeast U.S. area. Voucher specimens from this study are in the Claude E. Phillips Herbarium at the University of Delaware. Recommendations follow the reported results. The author emphasizes that these different habitat types are not successional but las- tingly distinctive. This is also a progress report on the author and his workers efforts "to encourage other plants to invade these communities but with very little success", "THE GREEN WORLD- - An Introduction to Plants and People" Second Edition by Richard M. Klein xiii + 610 pp., 358 black/white fig. incl. 21 maps, 138 photco., 6 47 tab. Harper & Row Publishers, New York, N.Y. 10022. TUS) SARIS Khe) ec loye, This is an excellently oriented and presented text and general reading book. It covers in easy flowing 1989 Moldenke, Book reviews 501 language and logical thinking: 1. what plants are and can do, 2. agriculture of grains, fruits and vegeta- bles, 3. discovery and social effects of condiments, beverages, medicines and drugs including alcohol, 4. changed history subsequent to paper invention, cotton cloth and thread, rubber, tobacco and essential oils, 5. the causes and effects of floods, dust storms, shade tree blights, and 6. the far reaching effects of pres- ent day destruction of the world’s tropical forests. A biblical fig is called the sycamore fig instead of the sycomore fig (Ficus sycomorus L.); the King James translators and/or printers started this error in tsa This book is excellent for a survey course for non-science majors and especially for "education" majors instead of all that condensed stuff on the ascendency of sporophyte over gametophyte since there is never time to present it fascinatingly. Since the contents are so effectively explained, it would be fine for a small credit reading course for botany, zoology, biology and certain social studies majors. Also it would be an excellent text for some more serious public courses in botanical gardens, museums and conservation and nature centers. "PLANTAE WILSONIANAE An Enumeration of the Woody Plants Collected in Western China for the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University During the Years 1907, 1908 and 1910 by E. H. Wilson" edited by Charles Sprague Sargent, Vol feat 611 -pp., “Vol -£E. vil. 66), pp. & Vol. LET sx. +> 666 pp. Dioscorides Press Inc, Portland, Oregon 97225. HOSS. S710). 00. The Dioscorides Press has offered herewith a highly valuable contribution to botany for plant taxonomists, systematists, ecologists, plant geogra- phers and horticulturalists and students in these fields. "Chinese" Wilson had to be an indefatigable and astute collector to return to Harvard University with about 65,000 specimens, including as new 4 genera, 521 species and 356 varieties and forms. Recorded here are also the specimens of Augustin Henry including as new 150 spp., 51 var. and 17 £. mainly from Yunnan. These now exactly replicated volumes were first published by Cambridge University Press in 1913, 1916 and 1917. This set is also an acknowledgement of the monumental work of the editor, Charles Sprague Sargent. 502 Pil Yor 0 G30G bs Vol. 65, No. 6 "THE FACTS ON FILE DICTIONARY OF BOTANY" edited by Stephen Blackmore & Elizabeth Toothill, ii + 391 pp., 55 black/white fig. Facts on File Inc., New York, N.Y. TOORG. 1984: ‘S21'. 95). This carefully prepared, thoroughly cross referen- ced, clearly explained dictionary should prove useful to college students of botany in its many phases as well as to laboratory and greenhouse technicians. "JAPANESE PLANTS: Know Them & Use Them" by Betty W. Richards & Anne Kaneko 224 pp., 107 color photo. on 48 pl., Charles E. Tuttle Co., Rutland Vermont 05701-0410. 1988. $14.95. In and through this beautiful little book the authors hope that they "have given background that you would probably not gain otherwise about the way the skillfully photographed plants figure in legend, cul- ture and cuisine. It shows our Cornus florida as the well established garden tree received in exchange for the 1000 Sato-zakura and 1000 Someiyoshino cherries that bloom so georgeously around the tidal basin in Washington, D.C. This book also describes about a dozen of the more famous and ever so beautifully landscaped botanical gardens and gives information about access to them. A "LAS GRAMINEAS DE MEXICO Tomo II" by Alan Ackerman Beetle for the COTECOLA, Manzanillo CP06760 Mexico, D.F., Mexico, 344 pp., 47 color photo., 277 alte. « 51 part pp black/white fig. & 232 geog. distrib. maps, 1987. Available from COTECOLA or author, Dept. Range Management, College of Agriculture, Laramie, WY 82071. Over 350 species of grasses are fully described, illustrated and located on geographic distribution maps in this second volume on Mexican grasses by the same author who did an excellent job on the first volume. Among many other genera there are included: Bambusa with 6 species and 1 form, Bouteloua with 37 species and 21 varieties and 1 form, Bromus with 29 species and 4 varieties and Digitaria with 26 species and 5 varieties. The descriptions are effectively and well written. The many illustrations show both general appearances and diagnostic features distinctly. Incidentally a large number of bright young natives are getting excellent field and herbarium experience. 1989 Moldenke, Book reviews 503 "MICRO-ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY" edited by Michael De Borowitzka & Lesley J. Borowitzka x + 477 pp., 47 black/white fig. incl. 16 photo. & 63 tab., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & London, U.K. & New York, Hay. 20022... 1988... $79.50. This book consists of 6 papers on such unicellular cyanophytes or cyanobacteria as Chlorella, Duniella and Scenedesmes, 6 papers on products and uses of these micro-algae as sources of vitamins, fats, oils, aqua- culture, agriculture and waste-water treatment, and 4 papers on the technology of micro-algal mass culture. The first author has added a useful appendix on "algal growth media and sources of algal cultures". This book is an important reference source and working manual guide. "VEGETATION ECOLOGY OF CENTRAL EUROPE" Fourth Edition by Heinz Ellenberg, translated by Gordon K. Strutt xxii feesl. pp.,.499 black/white £ig. incl.,.160. photo &, 52 maps, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & London, Don. New. York, N.¥.. 10022. 1988.. $125.00. The first edition of the excellent and thoroughly scientific and encyclopedic treatment of ecology ap- peared in Germany in 1963 and has been much studied and admired by a large German-reading group, especially in the universities in Europe and also its revisions of 1978 and 1982. It remains the most comprehensive trea- tise in its field. How fortunate that it is now avail- able updated in English. "SHRUBS OF THE GREAT BASIN: A Natural History" by Hugh Mozingo, xxi + 342 pp., 69 black/white draw., 2 maps & 56 color photos. University of Nevada Press, Reno, Nevada. 1987. $27.95 cloth bound, $16.95 paper bound. An excellent introduction describes the physical* features, geography and geology of the Great™Basin that takes in almost all of the state of Nevada and small amounts of contiguous states. It obliterates by better scientific reasoning and other proofs several ideas about this area and it explains why the shrub form of growth is most successful in this area. Following 65 shrub plants in 25 families are individually featured with descriptions, illustrations, uses by man and other animals, and taxonomic placement. This book, clearly printed, is a worthwhile addition to any kind of botanical library. 504 P Heyer Ow. 0°: DA Vol. 65, No. 6 "THE FIELD GUIDE TO GEOLOGY" by David Lambert and the Diagram Group, 256 pp., 500+ illus., Facts on File Publishers Inc., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1988. $22.95. This interestingly and effectively explained and copiously diagrammed text presents "the ingredients and processes that forged our planet". Scientifically ori- ented youngsters, adult readers who would like to recall earlier studies or adventure into new reading fields, college students mired down in the verbiage of some geology texts can gain so much by reading or studying this book. "LEONARDO DA VINCI ON PLANTS AND GARDENS" by William A. Emboden ii + 234 pp., 99 fig & 8 color plates, Dioscor- ides Press, Portland, Oregon 97225. 1987. $34.95. This is an impressive, interesting and beautiful book to study or just to spot-read and to picture-view. This new oeientation of Da Vinci’s art work has enlargements of the individual plants and gardens il- lustrated inconspicuously or prominently as parts of his larger famous canvasses. Since Da Vinci’s botany notebooks are still lost, botanically interested readers will be highly appreciative of Appendix V with its 105 "Plants Mentioned by Leonardo In His Notebooks Alphabetically Arranged by Genus" and species followed by common names and citations in his manuscripts. Other appendices list the plants in Il Magnifico, the garden of Lorenzo dé Medici where Leonardo made drawings of plants, the plants in his Rebus I, and the botanical iconography of his codices and manuscripts by folio. € "A SCANNING MICROSCOPE SURVEY OF THE EPIDERMIS OF EAST AFRICAN GRASSES, V AND WEST AFRICAN SUPPLEMENT" by Patricia G. Palmer & Susan Gerberth-Jones, iii + 157 pp., 720 SEM photos on 120 pl., Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 20560. "The purpose of this survey is to develop a reference collection of the micromorphological features of the leaves of modern grasses" and "to provide a standard of comparison for identifying fossil leaf fragments that are abundant in African lake sdiments". The text has ad- and ab-axial descriptions of the leaf surfaces for stomata, interstitial cells, other cells, prickles and other diagnostic features for 47 genera in East Africa and 13 exclusive to West Africa. The text is carefully prepared and the SEM photographs are of excellent quality. Index to authors in Volume Sixty-five Ahmed, K.A., 79 Bunting, G.S., 390, 391 Galdahan,, Br. IL, 216 Grutehtield, J.D.., 231 de Laubenfels, D.J., 329 rivbattah), SA. 220 MieiNahas,. A:..,. 220 El-Gazzar, A., 79 Bsealona, E.D., 337 Garcia-Franco, J.G., 73 Godfrey, M.R., 216 Hathout, T.A., 312, 454 Hawkes, J.G., 114 Herrera Arrieta, Y., Hjerting, J.P., 114 Hocking, G.M., 402 Holmes, W.C., 242, 489 Hoover, W.S., 89 Howard, R.A., 285 Huante, P., 174 Khafagi, A.A.F., 79 King, R.M., 62, 487 Kord, M., 454 Kress, A.,, 249 Lafierriére, J.E., 482 [andy P.., 46/7, 4/5 Bawesson, J..E.; 228 Liogier, A.H., 421 Lourteig, A., 383,393, 483,485 MacRoberts, B.R., 184, 191 147 MacRoberts, M.H., 184, 191 McDaniel, S., 489 McDonald, A., 152 Moldenke, A.L., 165, 248, 324, 496 Morley, iT .,, 97 Natives bee. SZ Nesom, G.L., 122, 158, 160, 169 Ochoa, C.M., 103 Palacios-Rios, M., 71 Ravenna, P., 154 Reeder, C.G., 155 Reeder, J.R., 155 Rico-Gray, V., 73 Rineén, E., 174 Robinson, H., 34, 47, 50, 62, 487 Sawleda yy BoP aL Shehab, A., 220 Silbar wee so29s oo5 Steevohn Hes L955 207.290 Stantord. oN, 121 Tati ivlveR.., 0 le Terredl, BoE, 19 Thomas, ReaD. . 437), 4511! Turnernebekes L29R 1326 135... ssor Pelee lees aoe 359. Sy lweoiise S/S ovo woo! 491) 495 Turnex;, M.oW., 231 Zander, R.H., 424 - Index to supraspecific names in Volume Sixty-five Abies, 149 Acacia. 151, 397 Acanthaceae, 448 Acari, 500 Acaulon, 428, 435 Acer, 187, 449 Aceraceae, 187, 449 Acisanthera, 286 Acnide, 448 Adenaria, 422 Agalinus, 189 Ageratina, 62 Agropyron, 147 Agrostis, 186, Aletris, 186 Allium, 220-227 SHEN g | SSS gS 505 Alnus, 149, 187 Alocasia, 2/1 Aloina, 435 Aloinella, 434 Alophia, 154 Alpigena, 81 Alpigenia, 79, 81 Alstroemeria, 452 Alternanthera, 448 Amaranthaceae, 448 Amaranthus, 440 Amarum, 141, 144 Amaryllidaceae, 186 Ambassa, 42 Amellus, 85, 88 Amerimnum, 396-397 506 Amobis, 485-486 Anacardiaceae, 187 Anacheilium, 2, 30 Ancistrocladaceae, Andropogon, 186 Angiospermae, 419 Angraecum, 271 Anoectangium, 427, 433 Anotis, 121 Anthaenanthia, Apiaceae, 187 Apocynaceae, 403, 449 Apocynum, 449 Aponogetonaceae, 167 Apoplanesia, 174-178, 180-182 Aquifoliaceae, 187 Araceae, -167, 271; Arbutus, 162 Archibaccharis, 164 Arctostaphylos, 149-150, 350 Ardisia, 287, 448 Arenaria, 447 Aristida, 186 Aronia, 188 Arum, 271 Asarum, 2/0 Asclepiadaceae, 187, 272, 285 Asclepias, 187 Aspidosperma, 422 Aspiliayesol , S54 167 186 Poors opel aro eit 122-28 eae), Aster, 79-88, 187 Asteraceae, 50, 55, 62, 66, 87- S828. 39 AS 87 2 7OR 348-357, 359, 368) Sle 575" 375-377, 379, 3827438 7449" 487, 491-493 Astereae, 42, 88, 128-129, 158- 159. AMi6h. S69). SiS 251s 236" WEN PSUs Axiniphyllum, 377 Ayapanopsis, 487 Baccharidastrum, 164, 169-173 Baccharidinae, 164, 169 Baccharidiopsis, 164 Baccharis, 34-46, 123-126, 164, 169-173 Baccharus, 38 Balanophoraceae, 167 Bambusa, 502 Barbula, 426, 432 Barnadesia, 40 160- PPHSY? T: OF Le OuGrick Vol. Barrosoa, 62-63, 67 Bartlettina, 62-63, 487 Begonia, 89-96 Begoniaceae, 93-94 Berberis, 272 Beta, 312-323, 454-466 Betulaceae, 187 Biotia, 79, 81, 85 Blechnaceae, 185 Boehmeria, 441 Bolbitis, 71-72 Boltonia, 79-80, 82, 84 Boraginaceae, 285, 383 Borreria, 287-288 Bouteloua, 502 Brachiaria, 148 Brachyactis, 79, 82, 84 Brachycyathes, 296 Brachycyathus, 290 Brachymenium, 426 Brassicaceae, 447 Bromeliaceae, 73-74 Bromus, 502 Brosimum, 148 Brunellia, 39-40 Bruquiera, 272-273, 283 Buddleja, 228, 230 Buddlejaceae, 230 Bulbophyllum, 271, 411 Bumelia, 441-442 Buphthalmum, 354 Burmannia, 186 Burmanniaceae, 186 Cacalia, 187, 490 Cactaceae, 409 Calamagrostis, 337-347 Calathea, 284 Calea, 140, 241 Calimeris, 79-81, 84-85 Callistemon, 449 Calochortus, 216-219 Calopogon, 186 Calymperes, 420 Calyptopogon, 435 Calyptrogyne, 484 Calyptronoma, 483-484 Campanulaceae, 187, 283 Campylopus, 420 Canavalia, 393-394 Capparidaceae, 447 Caprifoliaceae, 187 Capsicum, 440 65, No. 6 1989 Carex, 186, 451 Carissa, 403 Carisseae, 403 Carissinae, 403 Carminatia, 377 Carya, 373, 444-445 Caryophyllaceae, 446-447 Cassia, 400 Casuarinaceae, 409, 418 Catasetum, 272-273 Catharinthinae, 403 Catharinthus, 403 Ceanothus, 437 Cecropia, 71 Celaenodendron, 179-182 Cembra, 469, 475 Centaurea, 270, 272 Centella, 189 Cerastium, 447 Ceratocystiopsis, 419 Ceratocystis, 419 Cestrum, 421, 423 Chaboissaea, 155-157 Chaetocalyces, 195 Chaetocarpus, 422 Chamaesyche, 422, 445 Chaptalia, 48-49, 187 Chenia, 424-426, 434 Chenopodiaceae, 446 Chenopodium, 446 Chlorella, 503 Chondrites, 89, 93 Chromolaena, 488 Chrysanthellum, 354 Chusquea, 39-40 Clematis, 442 Clementea, 394 Clethra, 39 Clibadium, 50-52, 55-57, 61 Clitoria, 393-395 Clusia, 39-41 Clusiaceae, 187 Cocops, 484 Coleosporium, 80-85 Commelinaceae, 451 17 G7 Sie ei Index to Volume Sixty-five Conyzopsis, 79, 82 Cordia, 285-286 Coreopsideae, 379 Coreopsis, 187, 377, 449 Cornus, 502 Coryanthes, 271 Corydalis, 270, 445 Corylus, 272 Coxinoides, 476, 479 Crataegus, 442-443 Cronquistianthus, 62-64, 66, Crossidium, 432, 434 Crotonocalyces, 207 Crumia, 433 Cryptostigmata, 500 Cucumis, 446 Cucurbitaceae, 446 Culicidae, 407 Cupressaceae, 333, 336 Cupressus, 333-336 Cyathea, 77 Cyclanthera, 275, Cycnoches, 74 Cylindrocalyces, 199, 209 Cylindrothecium, 420 Cynanchum, 285 Cynoctonum, 188 Cyperaceae, 186, 451 Cyperus, 186, 451 Cypripedium, 270 Cyrilla, 287 Cyrtandra, 195-215, 290-311 Cyrtosperma, 391 Cytisus, 273 Dactylorhiza, 271 Dalbergia, 396-398 Damnzanthodium, 365 Danthonia, 90, 93 Dasymitrium, 420 Datiscaceae, 167 Datura 222 Daviesia, 283 Dendrobium, 1, 30, 284, 411 Dennsteadtaceae, 185 Desmatodon, 432 Deyeuxia, 337-339 277, Ou: 284 507 68 Diascia, Dichanthelium, 186 Dicotyledonae, 164, 409 Dieffenbachia, 390 Digitaria, 502 Dinema, 2 Compositae, 42, 48, 79, 86-87, 2, 228, 134, 140,. 145... 158- Hao, 164, 169-173, 236, 242, 368, 376, 488, 490, 495 Convolvulaceae, 152-153 Conyza, 126, 169-171 508 PRY TT OrL, OGi TL, Vol. 65, No. 6 Diodia, 188, 287 Euphorbiaceae, 445 Dioscorea, 452 Evolvulus, 152-153 Dioscoreaceae, 452 Fabaceae, 187, 270, 438-440 Diplostephium, 80 Fagaceae, 444-445, 449 Dipsacaceae, 167 Falcatifolium, 329 Diptera, 407 Ferraria, 154 Distephanus, 35, 42 Festuca, 149 Distichia, 340, 342 Ficus, 276, 3797 °50r Diuris, 283 Flyriella, 377 Doellingeria, 79-82, 84-85 Fothergilla, 289 Dolichos, 393-394 Fritillaria, 249 Dolotortula, 425-426, 434 Fuchsia, 422 Drosera, 187 Fuirena, 186, 451 Droseraceae, 167, 187, 190, 194 Fumariaceae, 445 Dryopteris, 77 Galardia, 141, 145 Duniella, 503 Galatella, 79-82, 84-85 Dyssodia, 132-134 Galinsoga, 495 Elaeagnaceae, 449 Galium, 228, 230, 449 Elaeagnus, 449 Ganguleea, 426-427, 433 Elata, 495 Gasteria, 222 Eleocharis, 186 Gelasine, 154 Encyclia,-1-3,36-11 14-17, 21, Gelsemium, 188 24-25, 27-31 Genista, 270, 272 Endoconidiophora, 419 Gentianaceae, 187 Entodon, 420 Geonoma, 483-484 Epidendrum, 1-3, 6-17, 20-21, 24- Geraniaceae, 16/7 252.429 737 Gesneriaceae, 195, 207, 290, 311 Epigeios, 337 Ghinia, 288-289 Epilopsis, 28 Gireoudia, 91-93 Eragrostis, 148 Globulina, 430-431 Erianthemum, 273 Gojae, 469-470 Ericaceae, 39, 187, 270, 274, Gramineae, 147, 151, 155, 409 276-277, 283-284, 445, 449 Graphiocladiella, 419 Ericales, 284 Gratiola, 188 Erigeron, 79-80, 83-85 Grazielia, 487 Eriocaulaceae, 186 Gymnospermae, 336, 409, 419 Eriocaulon, 186, 189 Gymnostomiella, 425-426, 433 Eriochloa, 148 Gynostenium, 271 Ervatamia, 403 Haloragidaceae, 187 Ervatamiinae, 403 Hamamelidaceae, 187 Eryngium, 187 Harpagophytum, 405 Erythronium, 97-102 Hedyotis, 119-121, 188, 449 Euaster, 81-82 Helenieae, 236 Eucalochortus, 216 Helenium, 141-146, 438 Eucephalus, 79, 82, 84-85 Heliantheae, 505, 55,° 139) 141" Eugenia, 486 231, 2365 2415 S400) oy. See Eupatoriaceae, 488 368, 371, 377),0 382) 400-492, 495 Eupatorieae, 62, 66, 375-377, Helianthella, 493-494 487-488 Helianthemum, 274 Eupatorium, 62-63, 187, 376, 449, Helianthus, 187 487-488 Hemibaccharis, 123-124, 126 Euphorbia, 445 Hennediella, 435-436 1989 Henrietella, 286 Henriettea, 286 Herbertia, 154 Hernandiaceae, 167 Heterocondylus, 487 Feterotheca, 79-80, 83-84, 189 Hidalgoa, 379-381 Hilpertia, 427-429, 435 Hirtella, 122, 127-128 Hormidium, 2, 30 Houstonia, 119-121, 449 Hura, 148 Hydrodyssodia, 132-134 Hydropectis, 132-134 Hymenatherum, 132 Hyoscyamus, 222 Hypericum, 187 Hypoxis, 186 Ilex, 187 Incarvillea, Inga, 379 Ipomoea, Ips, 419 Iridaceae, Iris, 452 Isotoma, 270, 283 Jacquemontia, 422 Jugiandaceae, 444 Juncaceae, 186 Juncus, 186 Juniperus, 335-336 Kalanchoe, 94 Kalenchoe, 90 Kalmia, 249-284 Labiatae, 87 Lachesia, 414 Lachnocaulon, 186 Laelichilis, 1, 28 Laeliopsis, 3, 22, 28 Lamiaceae, 188, 444 Laminaria, 415 Lamium, 415 Lantanopsis, 51 Laplacea, 63 Larix, 415 Lasianthaea, Lathyrus, 440 Lauraceae, 188 Ledum, 415 Leguminosae, 86-87, 393 Lentibulariaceae, 188 Leontica, 415 270, 284 153 154, 452 359-370 Index to Volume Sixty-five 509 Leonurus, 415 Lepechinia, 422 Lepidaploa, 135 Lepidium, 447 Lepidoptera, 499 Leptandra, 415 Leptilion, 79, 83-84 Leptostomum, 420 Lespedeza, 415, 439-440 Lethariella, 335-336 Levistichum, 415 Liatris, 187 Liliaceae, 102, Linaceae, 449 Lindenia, 379 Linosyris, 79, 81, 84-85 Linum, 449 Lipochaeta, 354 Liquidambar, 74-75, 78, 162, 187 Lobelia, 187 Lobicalyces, 199 Loganiaceae, 188, 286, 286 Lolium, 438 Lomariopsidaceae, 71-72 186, 376, 452 Lonchocarpus, -393, 395-401 Lopezia, 273 Lopezieae, 283 Loranthaceae, 167, 272, 283, 409 Lorinseria, 185 Ludwigia, 188, 443 Lundellianthus, 359, 364-367 Lycopodiaceae, 185 Lycopodium, 185, 189 Lyonia, 187 Lysimachia, 443 Machaeranthera, 79-80, 83-85, 360, Macrocephalae, 34 368, 495 Macromitrium, 420 Macroptilum, 438 Magnolia, 188 Magnoliaceae, 167, 188 Manihot, 445 Marantaceae, 269, 272, Marcgravia, 287 Marshallia, 187 Martiusia, 395 Marytinaceae, 449 Masdevalia, 273 Medicago, 273 Melastoma, 286 Melastomataceae, 167, 188, 286 Merceyopsis, 427 284 510 PtH sy als OrO7G 21 #5 Vol. "65; No.6 Mercurialis, 272-273 Ochrosiinae, 403 Metastelma, 285 Odonellea, 153 Metrosideros, 203 Oldenlandia, 119, 121 Miconia, 39, 289 Oleaceae, 167 Microbryum, 435 Microcalyces, 200 Microstegium, 453 Mikania, 62, 64-65, 69, 242-247, 489-490 Minuartia, 447 Mirabilis, 449 Mitchella, 188 Molendoa, 427 Molina, 38 Molinae, 173 Monactis, 50; 52-53, 55, 58, 61 Monactus, 55 Monarda, 444 Monocotyledoneae, 409 Montanoa, 382 Moraceae, 443 Morus, 443 Muhlenbergia, 149-150, 155-157, 186 Muscari, 452 Musci, 424 Myrica, 40, 188, 486 Myricaceae, 188 Myriophyllum, 187 Myroxylon, 414 Myrsinaceae, 287, 448 Myrsine, 40, 287 Myrtaceae, 449, 485 Myrtus, 485-486 Nat-clehianae, 469, 471 Neanotis, 121 Neisosperma, 403 Neocuatrecasia, 62, Neohyophila, 432-433 Nepenthaceae, 167 Neriaceae, 403 Neriinae, 403 Nerium, 403 Neurocarpum, 395 Nidema, 2 Nitidi, 218 Nucifragae, 476-477 Nyctaginaceae, 449 Nymphaea, 444 Nymphaeaceae, 444 Ochnaceae, 167 Ochrosia, 403 65-66, 70 Onagraceae, 188, 283 Oncidium, -1,+30-) 271 Onoseris, 48 Ophiostoma, 419 Ophrys, 270-271 Orbignya, 148 Orchidaceae, 1, 29-31, 74, 272, 283, 453 Orchidales, 30 Oreopanax, 39 Orthomeris, 79, 81-83 Osbertia, 376 Osmunda, 186 Osmundaceae, 186 Otopappus, 359-361, 364, 368 Oxylobus, 375-378 Oyedaea, 360-361, 367-368 Paeonia, 269 Palma, 483-484 Palmae, 483 Palmatinervii, 376-377 Panicum, 186, 345, 453 Papaveraceae, 445 Parmeliaceae, 336 Paspalum, 150-151, 186, 189, 453 Passiflora, 228-230 Passifloraceae, 228, 230 Pectis, 7130, 132 Pelicaniformes, 327 Pellaea, 422 Persea, 188 Perymeniopsis, 361, 368 Perymenium, 361, 365, 368, 371- Sh 72 Petota, 103 Phascopsis, 434-435 Phascum, 432 Phaseolus, 393-394 Philodendron, 275, 283 Phyllostachii, 153 Physalis, 440-441 Physcomitrium, 425 Picea, 373 Pimenta, 485-486 Pinaceae, 186, 373 Pingraea, 171 Pinguicula, 188 Pinus, 149-150, 186, 364, 373, 1989 413, 467-481 Piperaceae, 167 Pisum, 440 Pitcairnioideae, 7/7 Pittonia, 383, 385 Plantago, 342 Platanthera, 186, 189 Platycladus, 335 Platypteris, 377 Pleurochaeta, 427 Pluchea, 122 Plumerieae, 403 Poaceae, 186, 337, 344, 453 Podocarpaceae, 329-332 Podocarpus, 330-332 Pogonia, 186 Polanisia, 447 Polygala, 188, 270, 283 Polygalaceae, 167, 188, 283 Polylepis, 40 Polypodiaceae, 86 Pooideae, 337 Populus, 442 Poebia 432 Pottiaceae, 424-425, 429-430 Pottieae, 424, 432 Praxelis, 488 Primulaceae, 443 Proboscidea, 449 Prostechea, 2 Proteaceae, 418 Protosnea, 336 Prunus, 482 Pseudoagarista, 377 Pseudocrossidium, 428 Pseudomontanoa, 376 Psidium, 230 Psilactis, 79-80, 82, 84 Psilostrophe, 231-240 Psychilis, 1-33 Pteridium, 185 Pteridophyta, 419 Pterocarpus, 397 Pterostylis, 273 Pterygoneurum, 434 Ptilimnium, 187 Puccinia, 80-85, 87 Pultenaea, 283 Punicaceae, 167 Pyrus, 442 Quercus, 75, 149-150, 350, 373, 413, 444-445, 449 364, Index to Volume Sixty-five Bytil Quinguefoliis, 467, 469 Ranunculaceae, 442 Rapanea, 287 Ratidiba, 377 Rauvolfieae, 403 Ravenalia, 86 Rheo, 451 Rhexia, 188 Rhizophoraceae, 283 Rhododendron, 187, 335, 445 Rhus, 187, 189 Rhynchospora, 186, 189 Ricinis, 272 Robinia, 396-399 Rosaceae, 86, 188, 442-443 Roscoea, 270 Rubiaceae, 119, 121, 167, 188, 230 S20 2B maa® Rubus, 188 Rudbeckia, 449 Ruellia, 448 Rumfordia, 491-492 Rurales, 432 Ruta, 249 Sabatia, 187 Sabazia, 493, 495 Sabina, 335 Sagenotortula, 426, 429-430, 434 Saitoa, 430-431, 434 Salicaceae, 442 Salix, 442 Salvia, 270 Sapindaceae, 418 Sapotaceae, 441 Sarracenia, 184, 188, Sarraceniaceae, 188, Scenedesmus, 503 Schizachyrium, 186 Schizocalyces, 201, 211 Schradera, 287 Scleria, 186, 189 Scopelophila, 433 Scrophulariaceae, 188 Scutellaria, 188 Selloa, 495 Sematophyllum, 420 Senecio, 86, 373-374, 376-377 Senna, 269-270, 272, 393, 400-401 Sicyos, 422 Sisyrinchium, 452 Smallanthus, 491-492 Smilax, 186 190-194 190, 194 512 Pi YT‘ 4° 0% sI0A Vol. 65, No. 6 Solanceae, 167,283, 421, 440-441 Trichocline, 47-49 Solanum, 40, 103-118, 269, 283 Tridax, 139-140 Sorghum, 453 Sparmannia, 274 Spathicarpa, 390 Spathiphyllum, 271, 284 Spermacoce, 287-288 Sphagnum, 185 Spigelia, 286 Spiranthes, 186, 453 Spisula, 89, 93 Sporobolus, 150 Sporobolus, 453 Staenachaenium, 79-80, 82, 84 Steganopodes, 327 Stegonia, 428, 434 Stelss,: 1=+30 Stellaria, 446-447 Stemmodontia, 354 Steussya, 354 Stonea, 431-432, 434 Strelitzia, 270 Streptopogon, 433 Strobi, 469-470 Strobus, 467, 473, 480-481 Stylagrostis, 337-347 Stylidium, 272, 283 Stylosanthes, 438 Trifolium, 438, 440 Trillium,< 415 Tripolium,) 79, Gi- se Trisetum, 150-151 Turbinares, 327 Typha, 284 Typhaceae, 284 Uredinae, 86 Uredinales, 86-88 Uromyces, 80, 86 Urospathella, 391-392 Urtiea, 272 Urticaceae, 409, 441 Ustilaginales, 497 Utricularia, 188-189 Vaccinium, 187, 449 Valerianaceae, 167 Vallea, 39 Varronia, 285-286 Verbenaceae, 288-289 Verbesina, 50, 53-55, 59-61, 360, 376-377, 493, 495 Vernonia, 34-37, 42, 135-138 Vernoniaceae, 42 Vernonieae, 42, 137 Verticillatae, 205, 213 Syntrichia, 424, 426, 430-432, Viburnum, 187 436 Vicia, 222, 438-440 Syringa, 325 Vinca, 270 Syrrhopodon, 420 Viola, */7,. 188 Tabernaemontanoideae, 403 Violaceae, 188 Tageteae, 129, 132 Viscaceae, 167 Tagetes, 129-131 Wedelia, 348-357, 360-361, 365, Talistas “422 368 Tamonea, 288-289 Weinmannia, 39-41 Tephrosia, 187 Weisiopsis, 427, 433 Tetrachyron, 241 Willia, 435 Tetrodus, 145 Witheringia, 421-423 ThaLictrum, 2/2 Xylorrhiza, 79-80, 83-85 Thallophyta, 419 Xyridaceae, 187 Thelymitra, 283 Xyris, 187, weg Thuja, 335 Yucca; 276 Tillandsia, 73-78 Zexmenia, 354, 359-362, 365-368 Tillandsoideae, 77 Zingiberaceae, 269 Tottula, 425-426, 428-432, 434 Zygadenus, 376 Tournefortia, 383-389 Zygophyllaceae, 167 Tricarpha, 495 Publication dates Vol. 64, No. 6 -- June 13, 1988 Vol. 65(1) - June 27, 1988 Vol. 65(4) - Nov. 20, 1988 Vol. 65(2) - Sep. 18, 1988 Vol. 65(5) - Dec. 30, 1988 Vol. 65(3) -- Nov. 4, 1988 Vol. 65(6) - Feb. 13, 1989 AEN This is the last number -6- and volume -65- of PHYTOLOGIA to be associated with Dr. HAROLD N. 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