4 PHYTOLOGIA — _ An international journal to expedite plant srohates ddgndslephical and ecological publication Vol. 69 September 1990 4) vgn No.3 isU } AWN Lorn = CONTENTS 7. KARTESZ & K.N. GANDHI, Nomenclatural notes for the North eaten ES MEME MED y k ein Beans. d ad Soeen ties ces Wnek ctor ahe ce iardonscdusteches 129 JBL. TURNER, An overview of the Mexican genus Digitacalia NN AMI PE TIET MATIC) a... cance. oo cca cd ay-sdnnnnnevinsssdsvasstacdeslscder ade 150 A. LOWRIE & S. CARLQUIST, A new species of tuberous Drosera from eae aE Ga oh 5S i/snencndadGeQncpsch norton Reagueauncnensicdteebanaverss 160 “G.L. NESOM, Taxonomy of Erigeron bellidiastrum (Asteraceae: ASPCTERED WHIT) cd MIOW. VAMIOLY. .52.....56..100n0c0-nciecscaceccasssevdaunesconedscrbersanee 163 _B.L. TURNER, Vernonia diazlunana (Asteraceae, Vernonieae), AWEW. SPECIES THOM) Jalisco, MEXICO... .....5..00000..0ecessesenceeccencseeedsesees 169 R. JOHNSON & J. JOHNSON, Polygonella polygama (Vent.) Englem. & TR Tae REET OL PRATT A «vic lc susaia isan soe ansiveas sects es dxesinns Sera OBle a ca nae 175 * R.R. ROSEMAN, New species, varieties, and combinations in Bidens sect. Greenmania (Asteraceae: Coreopsidede) ..............ccceccceeetteeeeteeees E7E ~ T.E. MELCHERT, New names and combinations in Cosmos (Asteraceae: ! COS ERERS 0 Sate ag ao een tee Rv in? Sh Pm er 189 T.E. MELCHERT, Cosmos caudatus (Asteraceae: Coreopsideae) in PAEXICOaRaXONOMUC FEAPPTAISAl ..:....f cl. 6.6 Seis cacseldedarcdcceeesd need 200 Contents continued on the inside cover. Published by Michael J. Warnock 185 Westridge Drive Huntsville, Texas 77340 U.S.A. PHYTOLOGIA is printed on acid free paper. T.E. MELCHERT, New taxa and new combinations in Thelesperma (Asteraceae: Coreopsideae) from MEXICO .........00..ceccceeceseeeeeseee rete 216 G.L. NESOM, Taxonomy of the Erigeron pringlei group (Asteraceae: ASTOF@de) .2....5.0..000.cc05sccceescececsnnnsvocnes so ceousesappiyweadl Genenee anata 227 Books received ................cccececoscccessceeseneees ans cndeet nap ceusleueaeneaann—nIn——n 236 PHYTOLOGIA (ISSN 00319430) is published monthly by Michael J. Warnock, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340-8916. Second Class postage at Huntsville, TX. Copyright ©1990 by PHYTOLOGIA. Domestic individual subscription (6 issues): $18.00. Domestic institutional subscription (6 issues): $20.00. Foreign and/or airmail postage extra. Single copy sales: Current issue and back issues volume 67 to present, $3.50; Back issues (previous to volume 67), $3.00 (add $.50 per copy postage and handling US [$1.00 per copy foreign]). Back issue sales by volume: $17.00 per volume 42-66 (not all available as complete volumes); $21.00 per volume 67-present; add $2.00 per volume postage US ($4.00 per volume foreign). POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Phytologia, 185 Westridge Drive,Huntsville, TX 77340-8916. Phytologia (September 1990) 69(3):129-137. NOMENCLATURAL NOTES FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN FLORA. Ill. John T. Kartesz & Kancheepuram N. Gandhi North Carolina Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Coker Hall. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Authorship of the following names is discussed: Cyclospermum lep- tophyllum, Helianthus paucifiorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus, and Lo- matium macrocarpum. The names Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Hoffm. var. kobayasu (Satake) Samuelsson and Viola bicolor Pursh are accepted as being correct. The name Luzula multiflora var. contracta is vali- dated by the provision of a Latin diagnosis. One new combination is proposed: Platanthera zothecina comb. nov. KEY WORDS: Floristics, nomenclature, North America, Api- aceae. Asteraceae. Juncaceae. Orchidaceae. Violaceae. INTRODUCTION Continuing with the “Nomenclatural notes for the North American Flora. I and II” (Kartesz & Gandhi 1989a, 1989b), a third note in the series is presented here toward the advancement of our understanding of North American plants. APIACEAE Cyclospermum leptophyllum The name Cyclospermum leptophyllum, for the pantropical, European weed, was proposed by Sprague (J. Bot. 61:131. 1823) as a new combination based on Pimpinella leptophyllum Pers. The authorship of this new combination has generally been attributed to “(Pers.) Sprague” (Liogier & Martorell 1982; 129 130 PHY TOLO GIA volume 69(3):129-137 September 1990 Howard 1989; Constance & Affolter 1990). When Sprague proposed the above combination, he stated that his new combination is for those “who follow La- gasca and Calestani in treating Pzmpznella leptophylla Pers. as the type of an independent genus” (i.e., Cyclospermum). On the same page, Sprague chose to accept the name Apium leptophyllum and cited his new combination as a synonym for it. Since Sprague did not accept his new combination, he can- not be the author of the name (Art. 34.1; Greuter 1988). Therefore, the first to use and accept the new combination C. leptophyllum in publication, auto- matically validates it. In reviewing the pertinent literature, Britton & Wilson (1925) appear to have been the first to do so, and thus, validate the new com- bination. Although 102 years passed between the publications of Sprague and of Britton & Wilson, no earlier publication is known to have used the name; hence, we conclude that Britton & Wilson must be credited for the new com- bination. Regarding the authorship of the new combination A. leptophyllum, some workers (e.g., Constance & Affolter 1990) believe that F. Mueller must be credited as the combining author. However, Bentham (1863; p. 12) clearly stated that “I alone am therefore responsible for the details of this work.” The bibliographical references are provided below: Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ez Britton & Wilson, Bot. Porto Rico 6:52. 1925. Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague, J. Bot. 61:131. 1823, (nomen invalid.). BASIONYM: Pimpzinella leptophylla Pers., Syn. Pl. 1:324. 1805. Aptum leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell. ez Benth.. Fl. Australia 3:372. 1867. Lomatium macrocarpum Torrey & Gray (1840) described Peucedanum macrocarpum and attributed the name to Nuttall. They cited Ferula macrocarpa Hook. & Arn. (1839) with a “?” mark, in synonymy. Obviously, this citation has led some workers to believe that Ferula macrocarpa is the basionym for P. macrocarpum. Coulter & Rose (Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 7:217. 1900) transferred P. macrocarpum to the genus Lomatium and cited P. macrocarpum Nuttall (from Torrey & Gray), but did not make a reference to Hooker & Arnott. Regarding Coulter & Rose’s new combination (Lomatium macrocarpum), Hiroe (1979) cited “Hook. & Arn.” as the parenthetical authors, rather than Torrey & Gray. It is possible that Hiroe assumed that Coulter & Rose indi- rectly cited Hooker & Arnott, by citing Torrey & Gray, who had mentioned Hooker & Arnott in synonymy. To help clarify the situation, we quote from Torrey & Gray: “We have described this plant from specimens collected by Mr. Nuttall. It may not be identical with Ferula macrocarpa H. & A.” It is evident from the above statement that the type specimen for Peucedanum Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes of North American flora-IJIJ 131 macrocarpum is that of Nuttall (on deposit in PH, as per Coulter & Rose), but not that of F. macrocarpa. Thus, the name P. macrocarpum cannot be considered as a new combination, but rather a name dating from 1840. Hence, the correct author citation for P. macrocarpumis: Nutt. ez Torrey & A. Gray. Since Coulter & Rose did not refer to Hooker & Arnott, but rather cited P. macrocarpum Nutt. as the basionym, the correct author citation for L. macro- carpum is: “(Nutt. ez Torrey & A. Gray) Coult. & Rose.” Although Ferula macrocarpa is the oldest name in this species complex, it cannot be transferred to Lomatium, since it would create a later homonym of L. macrocarpum (Nutt. ez Torrey & A. Gray) Coult. & Rose. Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torrey & A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 7:217. 1900. Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt. ez Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1:627. 1840. Ferula macrocarpa Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 348. 1839. ASTERACEAE Helianthus The new combination Helianthus pauczflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & E. Schilling (Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 18(1):22. Mar 1990) predates H. pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Kartesz & Gandhi (Phy- tologia 68(6):423. Jun 1960) and renders the latter to be superfluous. The March issue of Biochemical Systematics & Ecology was received in May 1990 at UNC-Botany Library, and by this time, our article in Phytologia was al- ready in press. Nevertheless, we regret the oversight and correct the subspecies authorship to: (Rydb.) Spring & E. Schilling. JUNCACEAE Luzula multiflora complex The epithet contracta, in the Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. complex, most likely appeared first at the rank of forma, in the protologue of L. multiflora var. frigida (Buches.) Samuelsson (Hultén 1937; Pp. 134, 135). The epithet contracta, although effectively published, was invalid. Bocher (1938; p. 248), in his treatment of L. frigida (Buches.) Samuelsson, remarked that the var. contracta was the most widespread form. However. the name was not validated by him. 132 PRY TOLO GIA volume 69(3):129-137 September 1990 Bocher (1950; p. 11) stated that there was “no description of the variety contracta available.” Likewise, Scoggan (1957) stated that “Var. contracta Sam. is the form represented in Manitoba, ..., this entity was never officially described.” Although Bocher used the name Luzula multiflora ssp. frigida (Buches.) Krecz. var. contracta Samuelsson and included it in a key on p. 17, no Latin diagnosis was provided, which is a requirement for validation of names published after 1 Jan 1935 (Art. 36.1). The same situation exists in Bocher, et al. (1957; 1968) and in Porsild (1957). Hence, to this date, the varietal name remains invalid for the lack of a Latin diagnosis. We provide a Latin diagnosis under the varietal epithet contracta for its validation. For the North American flora (north of México), we assign the following to the L. multiflora complex. Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej., Fl. Env. Spa. 1:169. 1811. Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. frigida (Buch.) Krecz., Bot. Zur. 12:490. 1928. BASIONYM: Luzula campestris (L.) DC. var. frigida Buch., Oestrr. Bot. Z. 48:284. 1898. Luzula multiflora var. frigida (Buch.) Samuelsson in Hultén, Fl. Aleut. Isl., ed. 1. 125. 1931. Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. multiflora var. multiflora. BA- SIONYM: Juncus campestris L. var. multiflorus Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 5:14. 1790. Juncus multiflorus (Ehrh.) Hoffm., Deut- schl. Fl., rev. ed. 1:169. 1800. non Retz. 1795. Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. multiflora var. contracta Samuelsson ez Kartesz & Gandhi, var. nov. LECTOTYPE: t. 2, f.2. in T.W. Bocher, Contr. Fl. Pl. Geog. W. Greenland II. 1950. L. multiflorae (Ehrh.) Lej. var. frigidae (Buch.) Samuels- son similis sed differt inflorescentia capituli solitarii, aut si capitula plures. nunc uno plerumque ementi super cetera. Plantae caespitosae; culmi castanei rigidi validique; folia comparata angusta, planae trichomatibus candidis mol- libusque secus margines; capitula fusca, globularibusque; segmenta perianthiorum 2.5-3.5 mm longa; fructus quam periantha fere longiores; semina 1.1-1.4 mm longa. (Latin translation is based on Bocher’s (1950] and Porsild’s [1957] treatment of this taxon.) Plants tufted; culms dark brown, stout and stiff; leaves flat with soft white hairs along the margins; inflorescence of a solitary dark reddish brown globular head or if of several heads, then one (head) usually projecting above the others; perianth segments 2.5-3.5 mm long; fruits almost as long as perianth; seeds 1.1-1.4 mm long. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes of North American flora-III 133 Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. multiflora var. kjellmannioides Tay- lor & MacBryde, Canad. J. Bot. 56:191. 1978. Luzula kjyellmanni- ana auct. non Miyabe & Kudo, 1913. Luzula multiflora var. kyell- manniana sensu Samuelsson in Hultén, Fl. Aleut. Isl., ed. 1. 127. 1937. (excl. type). Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. multiflora var. kobayasu (Satake) Samuelsson in Hultén, Fl. Aleut. Isl., ed. 1. 126. 1937. BA- SIONYM: Luzula kobayastz Satake var. kobayasw, automatically created by L. kobayasw var. minor Satake, 1932. Luzula kobayasi Satake var. minor Satake, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46:186. 1932. Luzula multiflora var. minor (Satake) Taylor & MacBryde, Canad. J. Bot. 56:191. 1978. ORCHIDACEAE Platanthera L. Higgins & S. Welsh (in Welsh, Great Basin Naturalist 46:259. 1986) described a new orchid species, endemic to Utah: Habenarza zothecina Higgins & Welsh. From their treatment, it is clear that both authors recognize the genus Habenaria Willd. sens. lato, which includes several generic segregates, such as Coeloglossum Hartman, Piperia Rydb., and Platanthera L.C. Rich. C. Luer (1975), in his treatment of United States orchids, remarked as follows: “No true Habenaria is found north of the southeasternmost region of the US ...” What have been known as habenarias from other regions of the U.S., were assigned to the genus Platanthera by him. We summarize his assessment of these two genera below. Habenaria: primarily tropical in distribution: tubers or corms present: leaves more than 2; flowers small; corolla lip often tripartite into linear divi- sions; stigmatic processes conspicuous. Plantanthera: mostly temperate in distribution; generally stem tubers or corms absent; leaves 1 or more; flowers small or medium sized; corolla lip entire, divided, or fringed; stigmatic processes absent, rudimentary, or inconspicuous. Weber (1989) transferred Habenaria zothecina to the genus Limnorchis Rydb. and made a new combination. Luer treated Limnorchis as a section of Platanthera. For the North American flora, we follow Luer’s treatment, and thus, transfer Higgins & Welsh’s species to Platanthera, and propose the following new combination. 134 PHY TF OLO GIA volume 69(3):129-137 September 1990 Platanthera zothecina (Higgins & Welsh) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: dHabenaria zothecina Higgins & Welsh in Welsh, Great Basin Naturalist 46:259. 1986. Limnorchis zothecina (Higgins & Welsh) W.A. Weber, Phytologia 67(6):427. 1989. VIOLACEAE Viola bicolor For the American representative of the Old World pansy group of violets, Greene (Pittonia 4:9. 1899) proposed the name Viola rafinesquzz to replace the name V. tenella Raf. (Amer. M. Mag. 4:191. 1819, non Poir. 1810). Greene cited two other synonyms: V. arvensis sensu Ell. (1817), non Murray (1770) and V. bicolor Pursh (1814). Greene considered Pursh’s name to be a later homonym of Gilibert (1782). Although Greene’s rejection of Viola bicolor Pursh and V. tenella Raf. was appropriate at his time, his rejection of V. bicolor does not conform with the present International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Gilibert did not consistently employ the Linnaean system of binary nomenclature for species in nis works. As per ICBN Art. 23.6C, epithets in such works must be rejected. Example 11 of this article. cites Gilibert’s Fl. Lit. Inch. (1781) for rejection. The invalidity of names in Gilibert’s Floras of Lithuania was also explicitly demonstrated by McVaugh (1949). Since Viola bicolor Gilibert does not have nomenclatural standing, it does not render JV. bicolor Pursh a later homonym. In this connection, Dr. L.E. Brown brought to our attention, Shinners’ 1961 publication on the nomencla- ture of V. bicolor. Shinners indicated that Hoffmann (1804; p. 170) described V. becolor in the protologue of V. tricolor L. Shinners believed that the name “\". bicolor Hoffm.” was validly published and concluded that it renders J”. bicolor Pursh to be a later homonym. Shinners, therefore accepted the name V. rafinesquzt and also mentioned that the name “V. bicolor Hoffm.” was not listed in Inder Kewensis. It has not been listed in Inder Kewensis to date. On verification, we found that Hoffmann (1804) numbered each of his ac- cepted taxa, which has been a widespread custom of various workers both historically and presently. With reference to the genus Viola, we found nine species numbered. Although eight of these nine species were described in Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum, only three species were referred to Linnaeus by Hoffmann; for the remaining five species, such as Viola tricolor (number 9), Hoffmann did not cite Linnaeus in reference. It is clear from Hoffmann’s work that the type font of the descriptions of all accepted taxa was slightly larger than the type font of the subsequent Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes of North American flora-IJI 135 discussion portions. In the last two paragraphs of the protologue of Vzola tri- color, Hoffmann included the names V. bicolor and V. arvensis. He neither cited authorship of these two names nor numbered them, but he did provide descriptions. The smaller type font used for V. bzcolor is suggestive of a discus- sion, whereas the relatively larger type font used for V. arvensis is suggestive of the description of an accepted taxon. We are not certain whether Hoffmann was aware of “V. bicolor Gilib.” and V. arvensis Murr. (1770). If Hoffmann intended to describe V. arvensis as a new species, then there is the possibility that he inadvertently failed to number it. However, in the past (Bentham 1892; Jackson 1895), 1. arvensis was treated as a synonym, as a form, or as a variety of V’. tricolor. With reference to V. bicolor, Persoon (1805) proposed the new combination: V. tricolor var. bicolor Pers., which was based on V. bicolor Hoffm., whereas Jackson mentioned V. bicolor as being a synonym of V. tricolor. Since Hoffmann did not number the name Viola bicolor, its inclusion in the protologue of V. tricolor could be interpreted as being a described name in synonymy (pro syn.; Rec. 50A) or as a provisional name (Art. 34.1), or both; however, none of these can be considered as valid publication. Hence, we conclude that neither Gilibert nor Hoffmann validly published the name V. becolor. Persoon’s (1805) usage of this epithet at varietal status does not alter the nomenclature. Until it can be shown that someone validly used the name V. bicolor prior to Pursh, we should continue to accept V. bicolor Pursh to be the correct name for the species. With this disposition, we accept the name |’. bicolor Pursh and provide the following references. Viola bicolor Pursh, Fl. Sept. Amer. 175. 1814, non Gilib. (1781 |nom. rej.|), nec Hoffm. (1804 [pro syn. and/or provisional name; nom. invalid|). \72- ola rafinesquu E. Greene, Pittonia 4:9. 1899. Viola kitaibeliana Roemer & Schult. var. rafinesqua (E. Greene) Fernald, Rhodora 40:443. 1938. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr. Paul A. Fryxell (U.S.D.A. Research Botanist in collaboration with Texas A&M University) and Dr. Larry E. Brown (Houston Community College) for their valuable suggestions for the improvement of this manuscript. Latin description for Luzula multiflora var. contracta was provided by Dr. Fryxell and Dr. Guy Nesom (University of Texas at Austin) and their help is appreciated. We also thank Dr. William J. Cody (Biosystematics Research Institute. Ottawa) and Ms. Ruth F. Schallert (Botany Librarian, Smithso- nian Institution) for providing Bocher’s (1950) article and relevant pages of Hoffmann’s publication. respectively. 136 PHYTOLOGIA volume 69(3):129-137 September 1990 LITERATURE CITED Bentham, G. 1863. Fl. Austral. vol. 1. Lovell Reeve & Co. Limited, London. Reprinted in 1967. . 1892. Handb. Brit. Fl., ed. 6, revised by J.D. Hooker. Lovell Reeve & Co. Limited, London. Bocher, T.W. 1938. Biol. Distr. Typ. Fl. Greenland. C.A. Reitzels Publish- ers, Copenhagen. . 1950. Contr. Fl. Pl. Geog. W. Greenland. II. C.A. Reitzels Pub- lishers, Copenhagen. , K. Holmen, & K. Jacobson. 1957. Gronlands Fl. P. Haase & Sons Publishers, Copenhagen. . 1968. Fl. Greenland. P. Haase & Sons Publishers, Copenhagen. Britton, N.L. & P. Wilson. 1925. Bot. Porto Rico, vol. 6. New York Academy of Sciences. Constance, L. & J. Affolter. 1990. Apiaceae. Pp. 198-213 2n W.L. Wagner, D.R. Herbst, & S.H. Sohmer, Man. Flow. Pl. Hawai’t. vol. 1. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, Hawai'i. Elliott, S. 1817. Sketch Bot. S$. Carolina. vol. 1(6). J.R. Schenck, Charleston, South Carolina. Facsimile edition issued in 1971 by Hafner Publishing Company, New York. Gilibert, J.E. 1782. Fl. Lit. Inch., vol. 2. Wilna. Greuter, W. (Chairman, Editorial Committee). 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Adopted by the Fourteenth International Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. vol. 118. Hiroe, M. 1979. Umbelliferae of World. Ariake Book Company, Tokyo City, Japan. Hoffmann, G.F. 1804. Deutschi. Fl. ed. 2. Erlangen. Hooker, W.J. & W.G. Arnott. 1839. Bot. Beechey Voy. part 8. London. Facsimile edition issued in 1965, Weinheim, Germany. Howard, R.A. 1989. Fl. Lesser Antilles, vol. 6 (3). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Massachusetts. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes of North American flora-III 137 Hultén, E. 1937. Fl. Aleutzan Islands. J. Cramer, Weinheim, Germany. Jackson, B.D. 1895. Index Kewensis, vol. 2. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England. Kartesz, J.T. 1991. Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland, ed. 2 in press. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. sd &«~«K.N. Gandhi. 1989a. Nomenclatural notes for the North Ameri- can flora - I. Phytologia 67:461-468. 1989b. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - II. Phytologia 68:421-427. Liogier, H.A. & L.F. Martorell. 1982. Fl. Puerto Rico. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. Luer, C.A. 1975. Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, vol. 2. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. McVaugh., R. 1949. Questionable validity of names published in Gilibert’s floras of Lithuania. Gentes Herb. 8:83-90. Persoon, C.H. 1805. Syn. Pl., vol. 1. Paris. Porsild, A.E. 1957. JIL Fl. Canad. Arctic Archipelago. Bull. No. 146. Na- tional Museum of Canada, Dept. of Northern Affairs and National Re- sources. Pursh, F. 1814. Fl. Amer. Sept., vol. 1. London. Reprinted in 1979 by J. Cramer, Germany. Scoggan, H.J. 1957. Fl. Manitoba. Bull. No. 140. National Museum of Canada, Dept. of Northern Affairs and National Resources. Shinners, L.H. 1961. Viola rafinesquiz: nomenclature and native status. Rhodora 63:327-335. Torrey, J. & A. Gray. 1840. Fl. N. Amer., vol. 1(4). Wiley & Putnam, New York. Facsimile edition in 1969 by Hafner Publishing Company, New York. Weber, W.A. 1989. New names and combinations: Principally in the Rocky Mountain flora-VII. Phytologia 67(6):425-428. Phytologia (September 1990) 69(3):138-149. NEW TAXA IN SENECIO FROM MEXICO T.M. Barkley Herbarium, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The following new taxa are described from México: Senecio guer- rerensis sp. nov., S. venturae sp. nov., S. praecox (Cav.) DC. var. tzimolensis var. nov., and S. durangensis Greenm. var. atrapicu- latus var. nov.. KEY WORDS: Senecio, Asteraceae, México, systematics. Preparation of the treatment of Senecio for the forthcoming book on the Asteraceae of México, by B.L. Turner & Guy Nesom, has shown the existence of four previously undescribed taxa. The four are known to me only from the collections that are cited here. Senecio guerrerensis and S. venturae, both described below, are referable to Group 5c, Streptothamni-Pentacalia, in the scheme of Barkley (1985). The segregate genus Pentacalia Cassini was resuscitated for the group by H. Robin- son & Cuatrecasas (1978). The group includes about 130 species, most of which are Andean, with about 15 in Central America, and five in México. The Mexican species are all epiphytic or semi-epiphytic woody vines or leaning subshrubs in cloud forest communities. Apparently, they are inconspicuous except when in flower, and flowering may not occur every year. Herbarium specimens seldom have mature, filled achenes. The group clearly needs revi- sion, but with the Central American and Mexican species merely an appendage on the Andean group, the project becomes formidable. Senecio guerrerensis T.M. Barkley, sp. nov. Figure 1. TYPE: MEXICO. Guerrero: Arbusto trepador, flores amarillas, barranca himeda con veg- etacion de bosque de Quercus, Abzes y Pinus, Aserradero Agua Fria, Municipio de Tlacotepec, alt. 2700 m, 11-IV-1963, (J.) Rzedowski 16525 (HOLOTYPE: MICH; Xerocopies: KSC, TEX). 138 Barkley: New taxa in Senecio from México 139 Figure 1. Senecio guerrerensis - holotype. 140 PHY TCOLOCGTA volume 69(3):138-149 September 1990 Senecioni parasitico Hemsl. similis, sed capitulis discoideis brac- tearum conspicuarum foliacearum calyculo provisis diversis. Weakly ligneous vine, upper stem and peduncles with abundant, loose pubescence of white, crinkled hairs to 0.5 mm long, at least some of which have a few darkened crosswalls, and with scattered short, curly multicellular hairs with dark crosswalls. Leaves apparently subcoriaceous or subturgid when fresh, lanceolate, the well developed ones with blade 10-12 cm long and 3- 4 cm wide, tapering to an acute-acuminate apex, weakly rounded to acute at the base, margin entire or nearly so, slightly revolute, sometimes with a few scattered marginal hairs, petiole unwinged, 1-2 cm long. Inflorescence a terminal, pyramidal cluster of several rounded or subcorymbiform cymes of (8)10-12 heads each, ultimate pedicels 4-5 mm long; heads discoid; principal involucral bracts 8, ca. 7 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide, loosely subtended by 3-5(7) leafy subcalyculate bracts, 5-7(8) mm long and 1.3-2 mm wide; disk florets 10-13, bisexual, corolla 7-10 mm long, clearly divisible into a limb, throat, and corolla lobes, the lowest 1-1.5 mm of the limb conically expanded downward, the corolla lobes nearly 2 mm long; receptacle with low chartaceous ridges among the achenes. Achenes glabrous, (no mature ones seen); pappus of abundant capillary bristles. extending 5-7 mm beyond the involucre. Senecio guerrerensis superficially resembles S. parasiticus Hemsl. in habit and gross aspect, but it differs from the latter and other species of Group 5c in having conspicuous, foliaceous calyculate bracts subtending each head, and in having strictly discoid heads. It occurs in an area where no other member of the group is presently known. It is known to me from only the type specimen. The specific epithet is derived from the name of the state, Guerrero. Senecio venturae T.M. Barkley, sp. nov. Figure 2. TYPE: MEXICO. Ve- racruz: Planta herbacea trepadora; flor amarilla, olor agradable. escasa, bosque de encino, ladera de cerro, El Carrizal, Municipio de Ishuacan de los Reves, alt. 2230 m. 11-XI-1971, F. Ventura A. 4493 (HOLOTYPE: MICH; Isotypes: CAS, KANU, UMO). Senecioni morazensi Greenm. similis, sed involucri bracteis sep- aratis flosculisque uniuscujusquam capituli 20 vel minus numerosis abstans. Subligneous vine, glabrous or nearly so, except for scattered short, brown- ish hairs on the upper branches, and especially on the pedicels in the inflo- rescence. Leaves coriaceous, the blade lanceolate to ovate or elliptic-ovate, 4-6(7) cm long and 2-4 cm wide, ca. 2X longer than wide, variously acute to subacuminate at the apex, gently tapering at the base to an unwinged petiole 1-1.5(+) cm long, margin entire or slightly wavy, venation pinnate, the midrib 141 New taxa in Senecio from México Barkley: . > BACTON re PLANTAS MEXICANAS Det Figure 2. Senecio venturae - holotype. 142 PHY T OLOGLA volume 69(3):138-149 September 1990 prominent but the lateral veins obscure. Inflorescence a terminal paniculiform or thyrsiform cluster of several corymbiform cymules, each cymule with 5-10 heads; heads radiate; principal involucral bracts 8, clearly separate from each other, 5-6 mm long and 2 mm wide; calyculate bracts few, narrow, 1-1.5 mm long; ray florets (4)5, pistillate, the ligule prominent, yellow, ca. 5 mm long; disk florets 16-20, bisexual; receptacle with prominent ridges among the ach- enes, the margin of the ridges dentate with some of the teeth extended into hairlike projections 0.5-1 mm long. Achenes apparently glabrous, (no mature ones seen); pappus of abundant, long capillary bristles, exceeding the involucre by 2-3 mm. Paratypes: (All from MEXICO). Oaxaca: Alturas de San Bernardino, Distrito de Teotitlan, alt. 2300 m, 10-XII-1907, C. Conzatt: 2085 (F, MO). Veracruz: Pequena canada entre Tonalco y Oxtlapa, Municipio Xico, alt. 2500 m, 8-X-1986, M. Chazaro y Paty Hernandez 4039 (KSC, WIS); Barranca del Alto Pixquiac. Municipio Las Vegas, alt. 2650 m, 26-XII-1988, M. Chdzaro y Paty Hernandez de Ch. 5774 (WIS). Two collections from Chiapas are included here provisionally, for they clearly resemble S. venturae, but revisionary studies of the Chiapas-Guatemala material may eventually indicate otherwise: Chiapas: North slope of Cerro Mozotal near summit, Municipio Motozintal de Mendoza, elev. 2900-3000 m, 31 Jan 1982, D.E. Breedlove & F. Almeda 58206 (CAS); 3-4 km W of El Por- venir along road from Huixtla to Siltepec, Municipio of El Porvenir, elev. 2800 m, 17 Jan 1973. D.E. Breedlove & A.R. Smith 31764 (CAS, MO). Senecio venturae encompasses materials that have been referred variously to S. parasiticus, S. morazensis Greenm., S. magistri Standl. & L.O. Williams, and S. phorodendroides L.O. Williams. As conceived here, Senecio venturae is similar to S. morazensts, which is based on a type collection from Depto. Morazan, Honduras. However, S. venturae differs in aspect from S. morazensis. In addition, S. venturae has 8 separate involucral bracts and 20 or fewer disk florets, while S. morazensis has 8-11 involucral bracts, with some of them fused together. and more than 20 disk florets. Senecio venturae differs from the typical concept of S. parasiticus in having conspicuous ray florets. The specific epithet honors F. Ventura A., a noted collector of the Mexican flora, who collected the type material. Senecio praecox (Cav.) DC. var. tzimolensis T.M. Barkley, var. nov. Fig- ure 3 and Figure 4. TYPE: MEXICO. Chiapas: Thick stemmed shrub 6 feet tall, tropical deciduous forest, 15 km south of Comitan on road to Tzimol and Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Municipio of Tzimol, elev. 1200 m, 20 Mar 1981, D.E. Breedlove 50226 (HOLOTYPE: CAS). Senecioni praecoci(Cav.) DC. varietatibus praecoci et morelen- sts (Miranda) McVaugh similis, sed foliorum dentibus abbreviatus Barkley: New taxa in Senecio from México 143 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY Vo 66°61 OF SCIENCES MERBARIUM Of KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY TAN KAMAE Senecio praccen var tymeleasss i Weceryere Acwotated by Om Hrevbtnn wee Prawts of Caras, Mexico Flowers yellow. Thick stemmed shrub 6 feet tall. Tropical Deciduous Forest, 15 km south of Comitsn on read to Trisol and Tuxtka Gutiérrez. Municipio of zimol. Elevation 12 m D. E Breedlove $0226 20 March 3982 Figure 3. Senecio praecoz var. tzimolensis - holotype, with flowers present. 144 PHY TOWOCTA volume 69(3):138-149 September 1990 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY N© 656577 OF SCIEWES Figure 4. Senecio praecoz var. tzimolensis - paratype, with leaves present. Barkley: New taxa in Senecio from México 145 2-4 mm longis, necnon ramis superioribus glabritis simulac capit- ulorum disci flosculis 6-10 diversa. Senecio praecor (Cav.) DC. is a seasonally deciduous, rubbery stemmed shrub or small tree that is referable to Group 6, Pittocaulon, of Senecio in the scheme of Barkley (1985) or to the segregate genus Pittocaulon of Robinson & Brettell (1973). It is the only representative of Group 6 south of the Straits of Tehuantepec. Three varieties of S. praecozr are recognized, and var. tzimolensis is distinguished by the characters noted in the key. Key to Varieties of Senecio praecoz 1. Leaves obscurely dentate with a few scattered, shallow teeth 2-4 mm long, ray florets (3)5, disk florets 6-10, upper branches glabrous or nearly so;” HIADAS | ce a 2s Shee Wee ale& «cee y Sete var. tzimolensis T.M. Barkley 1’ Leaves with prominent triangular lobes 10-20 mm long; Oaxaca and north- ward. 2. Upper branches glabrous or nearly so except for scattered small tufts of white hairs in and near axils; ray florets 5, disk florets (12)15-20; leaf venation prominently palmate ................... var. praecoz 2' Upper branches, especially at the base of the inflorescence, densely light brownish pubescent; ray florets (2)3(5), disk florets 6-10; leaf blades with lowermost lateral veins not prominent, thus the vena- tion obscurely palmate ...... var. morelensis (Miranda) McVaugh Paratypes: (All from MEXICO). Chiapas: Shrub 6 feet tall, tropical decid- uous forest with Frazinus, Erythrorylon, Lonchocarpus, Bursera, Ficus, and Clusia, 15 km south of Comitan on road to Tzimol and Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mu- nicipio of Tzimol, elev. 1200 m, 19 Nov 1980, D.E. Breedlove & F. Almeda 47605 (CAS); Shrub 4 feet tall, (data otherwise identical), 21 April 1981, D.E. Breedlove 51027 (CAS). The holotype, collected in March, is in flowering condition (Figure 3). The paratype Breedlove & Almeda 47605, collected in November, has fully devel- oped leaves (Figure 4). The other paratype, Breedlove 51027, is in flowering condition. The varietal epithet is derived from the locality where the plant was col- lected. 146 PHY T.GLCO GIA volume 69(3):138-149 September 1990 Senecio durangensis Greenm. var. atrapiculatus T.M. Barkley, var. nov. Figure 5. TYPE: MEXICO. Durango: Open places in pine woods in felsitic region atop the Sierra Madre Occidental, 13 1/2 miles west- southwest of El Salto, elev. about 8900 ft, 14 Nov 1965, Arthur Cronquzst 10539 (HOLOTYPE: NY; Isotypes: CAS, GH, KANU, KSC, MICH, TEX, WIS). Senecioni durangensis Greenm. varietati durangensis similis, sed foliis profunde lobatis et bracteis involucri calyculique apice nigris diversa. Senecio durangensis Greenm. is a perennial herb or weak subshrub to 12 dm tall in the mountains of southwestern Chihuahua and Durango, of apparent affinity with the more northern S. eremophilus Rich. It is referable to Group 1lc, Triangulares, of Senecto in the scheme of Barkley (1985). Two varieties are recognized as follows, and var. atrapiculatus is distinguished by the characters noted in the key. Key to Varieties of Senecio durangensis 1. Midcauline leaves mostly < 6 cm long and 3 cm wide overall, some merely dentate and not deeply dissected; principal involucral bracts obscurely if at all black tipped; calyculate bracts reduced and inconspicuous; Sierra de Mohinora of southwestern Chihuahua, and extreme northern Du- rango, just south of Hidalgo de Parral, Chihuahua .... var. durangensis 1’ Midcauline leaves 5-10 cm long and 2-4 cm wide overall, all deeply lobed; principal involucral bracts and calyculate bracts with prominent black tips; southern Durango, vicinity of Las Adjuntas and Ei SUG cto ee RR ee var. atrapiculatus T.M. Barkley Paratypes: (All from MEXICO). Durango: México Hwy 40, 2 miles W of Las Adjuntas, elev. ca. 8500 ft. 7 Nov 1964, Dawid Flyr 270 (TEX); along Hwy 40, 73.0 mi W of the junction of Hwy 40 and Hwy 45 in Durango, just E of Las Adjuntas, under pines and cypresses. amongst boulders, 27 Sept 1984, Scott Sundberg & Matt Lavin 2876 (CAS, NY, TEX). Sundberg & Lavin 2876 is cited under the name Senecio chihuahuensis S. Wats. as a voucher for a chromosome count of 2n= ca. 20 II by Sundberg, et al. (1986). Senecio durangensis var. atrapiculatus has been called S. flacctdus Less. in the past, and S. durangensis s. str. has been treated as a variety of S. flaccidus Barkley: New taxa in Senecio from México 147 rg! ; Tay we { PS pe HERBARIUM QF KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY MANATTAN KANSAS ATAMR tA bi me Abra p Figure 5. Senecio durangensis var. atrapiculatus - holotype. 148 PHY T0060 Gi A volume 69(3):138-149 September 1990 (Barkley 1989). However, the epithet flaccidus rests on a type collection that is referable to the taxon long called S. douglasiz DC. (or S. douglasi var. longilobus [Benth.] Benson), necessitating nomenclatural adjustments there (Turner & Barkley 1990). Thus, the name S. durangensis now becomes the nomenclaturally typical.epithet for the species, and in turn, the new epithet, var. atrapiculatus, is needed for the former “var. flaccidus.” The collection A. Cronquist 10540 (KSC, MICH, NY) is noteworthy. The date and locality are identical to those of A. Cronquist 10539, the type col- lection of S. durangensis var. atrapiculatus, but with the following additions: “A single specimen with the leaves of No. 10539, S. flaccidus Less., and the pubescence of No. 10541, S. flaccidus Less. sens. lat.” The latter collection, A. Cronquist 10541 (CAS, GH, KANU, KSC, MICH, NY, WIS) is clearly referable to S. stoechadzformis DC. and was collected at the same locality and at the same time. The single plant of Cronguist 10540 may be a hybrid or introgressant between S. durangensts var. atrapiculatus and S. stoechadtformis and is indicative of the imprecise distinctions among many of the species of Senecio. The varietal epithet describes the black tips of the involucral bracts. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dr. Richard Spellenberg of New Mexico State University critically reviewed the manuscript, and Dr. Rupert Barneby of The New York Botanical Garden kindly provided the Latin diagnoses. Much assistance to my understanding of Senecio in México has been provided by Dr. B.L. Turner and Dr. G. Ne- som of the University of Texas, and Dr. Patricia Davila of Herbario Nacional, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México. To all I am grateful. This paper is contribution no. 91-52-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experi- ment Station, Manhattan. LITERATURE CITED Barkley, T.M. 1985. Infrageneric groups in Senecio, s.l., and Cacalia, s.l. (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Mexico and Central America. Brittonia 32:291-308. 1989. New taxa and nomenclatural combinations in Senecio in México and the United States. Phytologia 67:237-253. Robinson H. & R.D. Brettell. 1973. Studies in the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) I. A new genus, Pittocaulon. Phytologia 26:451-453. Barkley: New taxa in Senecio from México 149 Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas. 1978. A review of the central American species of Pentacalia (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). Phytologia 40:37-50. Sundberg, S., C.P. Cowan & B.L. Turner. 1986. Chromosome counts of Latin American Compositae. Amer. J. Bot. 73:33-38. Turner, B.L. & T.M. Barkley. 1990. Taxonomic overview of the Senecio flaccidus complex in North America, including S. douglasw. Phytologia 69:51-55. Phytologia (September 1990) 69(3):150-159. AN OVERVIEW OF THE MEXICAN GENUS DIGITACALIA (ASTERACEAE, SENECIONEAE) B.L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A taxonomic treatment of Digitacalia is rendered. Five species are recognized, two of these newly described, D. crypta sp. nov., from Guerrero and adjacent Morelos, and D. hintoniorum sp. nov of south- western Michoacan. Illustrations of both are provided. A new vari- ety, D. jatrophoides (H.B.K.) Pippen var. pentaloba var. nov., from Puebla and Oaxaca is also described. A map showing the distribution of the six taxa is provided. KEY WORDS: Digitacalia, Asteraceae, Senecioneae, México. In connection with a treatment of Digitacalia for the Asteraceae of México (Turner & Nesom, in prep.), I have revised the treatment of Pippen (1968). The results and reasons for my treatment are presented herein. Digitacalia was first proposed by Pippen (1968) and subsequently retained by McVaugh (1984). It is closely related to Psacahum, as noted by Pippen, having the white corollas with deeply lobed throats of that genus, but it differs in having robust (1-4 m high), stiffly erect, simple stems with numerous, grad- ually reduced cauline leaves (vs. well developed basal and lower cauline leaves, those along the middle and upper stem relatively few and much reduced). At maturity, the stems of Digitacalia become hollow; those of Psacalium are mostly filled with pith and associated tissue at maturity. Occasional species of the sect. Palmatinervit of Senecio, approach Digita- calia in habit, the most notable being Senecio ehrenbergianus Klatt, which has robust simple stems with pinnately lobed leaves which are numerous and rather evenly distributed along the stems. Senecio ehrenbergianus, however, has radiate heads with yellow corollas and is presumably properly positioned in sect. Palmatinervit. Pippen (1968) recognized 5 species in Dzgitacalia, including D. heterordea (Klatt) Pippen. Robinson & Brettell (1974) correctly transferred the latter to their proposed genus Roldana (= sect. Palmatinervit of Senecio, sensu Barkley 150 Turner: Overview of Digitacalia 151 [1985]). In the treatment that follows, I have combined D. napezfolia (DC.) Pippen and D. tridactylitis B.L. Robins. & Greenm., thus effectively reducing Pippen’s genus to three species, but have raised it again to five species with the description of two new species. In addition, I have recognized two regional varieties within the widespread D. jatrophoides. The taxonomy of Digitacalia follows. DIGITACALIA Pippen Type species, Digitacalia jatrophoides (H.B.K.) Pippen. Stiffly erect perennial herbs to 4 m high, the stems evenly leafy throughout. Leaves alternate, palmately or subpalmately nervate to penninervate. The blades usually 3-9 lobed, often deeply so. Heads eradiate, numerous in terminal divaricate cymose panicles. Involucres turbinate to narrowly campanulate, calyculate with 1-7 much reduced bracts, the inner bracts equal, 5-8, biseriate but often appearing uniseriate. Receptacles plane, epaleate, alveolate. Florets with white or cream colored corollas, the tube about as long as the limb, the latter with lobes much longer than the throat (except rarely in D. crypta). Achenes somewhat fusiform to oblong, glabrous, nearly terete in cross section, ribs 8-10, well defined, the pappus of numerous barbellate bristles in 1-3 series. Base chromosome number, z=30. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Heads 5-6 mm high; pappus 2-3 mm long; Chiapas ........ D. chiapensis 1’ Heads 7-9 mm high: pappus 5-7 mm long: not in Chiapas ..........-. (2) 2. Blades of midstem leaves deeply divided, the lobes extending to the midrib or nearly so; margins of lobes entire or rarely with only 1-3 BEGAd EEC bie fie oon rot was sicikee pee eek eee D. jatrophoides 2’ Blades of midstem leaves not deeply divided, the lobes not extending to the midrib; margins of lobes dentate to remotely denticulate (3) 3. Involucral bracts 5, semisucculent in texture, oblanceolate, broadest well above the middle; Sierra San Felipe, Oaxaca ............. D. napetfolia 3’ Involucral bracts 6-8, not semisucculent in texture, narrowly ovate to nar- rowly elliptic, widest at the middle, or nearly so; Michoacan, Morelos, FSeerneee i... andy... 309k tie, SOLON Par ee SO, UE ee SE: (4) 152 PHYTOLOGIA volume 69(3):150-159 September 1990 4, Leaves uniformly 3 lobed; pappus bristles white or dirty white, 5-6 mm long; Morelos; Guerrero’: