~ PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical and ecological publication Vol. 72 January 1992 No. 1 CONTENTS _REVEAL, J.L., Comments on the typification of Linnaean species of Trillium with designation of a lectotype for T. erectum (Trilliaceae). ......... 1 _ “REVEAL, J.L., Typification of the Linnaean species of Zizania (Poaceae). 5 : _ ea J., Nomenclatural mene in California Monardella (Lamiaceae) » KARTESZ, J.T. & K. N: GANDH, Nomenclatural notes for the North Amer- ican Hare: IX. os ee Senet aos Hdd phan tne pene ida es Oran Oie ee wai oes 17 = TURNER, B.L., A new y species: 3 Verbesina (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) from . Jalisco, México... Grea a ine Nt tae ire haan rite = Begone Ste 31 _ TURNER, B.L:; A new "species of Lobelia (Campanulaceae) from Oaxaca, México. .. : oe eee ise ti Mean Ca ah ana boheentyrnns SAL > Leelee Puteri ote Se 34 / RAYNER, £6. Studies on thie genus Bidens L. (Compositae)-from the Eastern Bomiesicn: 1. A new name nave a new combination from West Sie Yea ON #2 PS ey ST eee a eng DN Eke Bods Pa Een SAG Mean ae 37 --RODRIGUEZ T., S & R. SPELLENBERG, Chromosome numbers for five Chihuahuan species of Quercus (Fagaceae). .............ceeecee eens 40 4 LEMKE, D.E., Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) in Texas. ....... 42 vy BROWN, L.E., Cayratia japonica (Vitaceae) and Paederia foetida (Rubi- sehae) Bbtemuees SOAS Sie we SO © Bains WAR iy Ooh Sy PAR Se i od 45 ~~ Contents continued on the inside cover. a Published by Michael J. Warnock 185 Westridge Drive Huntsville, Texas 77340 U.S.A. PHYTOLOGIA is printed on acid free paper. (Contents continued) BATES, D.M., Gynodioecy, endangerment, and status of Eremalche kernen- _ f gis (Malvaceae). re... Jece eee ce is tos deneee© 2een ann na 48 _- TURNER, B.L., A new species of Viguzera (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) from Nayarit, México. go dia'b big se wl ¢ salen olga wsie boli! gacs'n, Walaa am 55 _- TURNER, B.L., Two new species of Arenaria(Caryophyllaceae) from México nlp a alg dia ’eoprecd eeelone @edberpolt a dea’pibte Whee Sate-e Ci ep Sunaina a 58 GONZALEZ-ELIZONDO, M.S. & D. GOMEZ-SANCHEZ, Notes on He- hanthus (Compositae-Heliantheae) from México. ......-....+.+++++. 63 Books. received. 05.6.0 bo yes sors ek aie eco, ovale’ b's 2 wees teu ave 71 Publication dates for volume 71.2.2... 200.050 ode ba eee 76 PHYTOLOGIA (ISSN 00319430) is published monthly with two volumes per year by Michael J. Warnock, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340. Second Class postage at Huntsville, TX. Copyright ©1991 by PHYTOLOGIA. Annual domestic individual subscription (12 issues): $36.00. Annual domestic institutional subscription (12 issues): $40.00. Foreign and/or airmail postage extra. Single copy sales: Current issue and back issues volume 67 to present, $3.50; Back issues (previous to volume 67), $3.00 (add $.50 per copy postage and handling US [$1.00 per copy foreign]). Back issue sales by volume: $17.00 per volume 42-66 (not all available as complete volumes); $21.00 per volume 67-present; add $2.00 per volume postage US ($4.00 per volume forcign). POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Phytologia, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340. othe POSTS UN YT : APR 27 1992 Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):1-4. WEW YORK “ANICAL GARDE! COMMENTS ON THE TYPIFICATION OF LINNAEAN SPECIES OF TRILLIUM WITH DESIGNATION OF A LECTOTYPE FOR T. ERECTUM (TRILLIACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Linnaeus proposed three species of Trillium (Trilliaceae) in 1753, of which two, T. cernuum and T. sessile, have been typified. Gleason designated a Kalm specimen (469.1, LINN) as the lectotype of the first name while Freeman selected a Clayton sheet (BM) as the lectotype for the second. A lectotype is here designated for the third name, T. erectum, it being a 1635 Cornut drawing. Linnaeus included several different species under each name he proposed. These are reviewed and their disposition noted. KEY WORDS: Trillium, T. cernuum, T. erectum, T. sessile, Tril- liaceae, nomenclature Rendle (1901) was the first to address the original elements used by Lin- naeus (1753) when the first three species of Trillium (Trilliaceae) were pro- posed. Rendle attempted to identify each cited element, but a combination of a lack of available types and recent changes in nomenclature call for a review. Under Trillium cernuum Linnaeus, Linnaeus (1753: 339) cited Colden’s (1749: 113) description, for which there are no known specimens, and a Catesby (1730: 45, t. 45) figure. Linnaeus also had a Pehr Kalm collection (469.1, LINN). Rendle (1901: 332) identified the plant in the Catesby figure as T. catesbyz Elliott. The Kalm sheet, he felt, was representative of T. cernuum. Gleason (1906: 390) subsequently designated (as “type”) the Kalm sheet at LINN as the lectotype of the species. A duplicate is at UPS. Trillium erectum was first named by Linnaeus (1745: 12; cited in 1753 from Linnaeus, 1749: 154), “Paris foliis ternis, flore pedunculato erecto”, in a dissertation on the plants in the Burser herbarium (UPS). Burser had sent 1 2 PEY TODO G14 volume 72(1):1-4 January 1992 a duplicate specimen to Bauhin who, in 1620, named it “Solanum tryphyllon Brasilianum”; later, Bauhin (1623: 167) called it “Solanum triphyllon Brassil- ianum”. All three names were cited by Linnaeus in 1753 (p. 340). In Species Plantarum Linnaeus also cited Cornut’s (1635: 166) name, “Solanum triphyl- lum Canadense”, and figure (t. 167), along with its redrawing by Morison (1699, s. 13, t. 3, f. 7) who called it “Solano congener triphyllum Canadense” (p. 532). From Kalm, Linnaeus acquired a specimen (469.2, LINN) he took to be Trillium erectum. This is a flowerless specimen of Medeola virginica Linnaeus, as Asa Gray later discovered when he examined and annotated the sheet. Smith (1817: under Trillium) had reported earlier that the specimen was not T. erectum. According to Bauhin (1620: 91), his specimen “hoc in sylvosis Brasiliae apud Tououpinambaultios copiose reperitur, referent Pharmacopaeo Gallo, qui una cum aliis D. Bursero communicavit”. Bauhin used “Brasilia” usually, but not always, for a location in southeastern Canada. The Burser specimen Lin- naeus examined (Herb. Burser III:12, UPS) is Trilium grandiflorum Salisbury. As little would be served by lectotypifying Trillium erectum on the Kalm specimen of Medeola virginica or the Burser herbarium sheet of T. grandiflo- rum, I hereby lectotypify the name on Cornut t. 167. 1635, the only authentic element of T. erectum as now circumscribed. Cornut said the petals were purplish black, and in the illustration they appear to be more than two cen- timeters in length. The leaves are not indicated to be streaked and are clearly more than four centimeters long and broad. I concluded that the Cornut figure represents what Scoggin (1978: 509) would call f. erectum. In my opinion, all formae within the species are of doubtful taxonomic significance. Turning finally to Trillium sessile Linnaeus (1753: 430), the array of species included under this name was reviewed by Freeman (1975). Rendle (1901: 321) noted that the Gronovius (1739: 44) reference cited by Linnaeus was based on Clayton 856 (BM), although this number appears only on the sheet and in the second edition of Flora Virginica (Gronovius 1762: 56). At first, Gronovius made no reference to a Clayton specimen, but did cite a Clayton phrase name in synonymy; this name is written on Clayton 856. I believe that “856” was added to the sheet after Clayton stopped supplying Gronovius with Virginia specimens. It is among a series of specimens not assigned numbers in 1739 but given numbers by 1762. I believe Linnaeus saw this sheet when he worked with Gronovius on Flora Virginica in the 1730s, and therefore it can qualify, in spite of its late number, as authentic material. Clayton 856 was designated the lectotype of Trillium sessile by Freeman (1975: 11). As for the other authentic material, Linnaeus (1753: 340) cited a Plukenet (1696: 352) polynomial and its accompanying illustration (Plukenet 1691: t. 111). Rendle (1901: 322) implied, and Freeman (1975: 11) repeated, that the Reveal: Comments on typification of Linnaean Trillium 3 figure was based on a specimen in the Sloane herbarium (H.S. 90:95, BM-SL). In fact, the Plukenet figure is a copy of a drawing made by John Banister (original, BM). I suspect, however, that 90:95 is a Banister collection and may be regarded as a voucher for both the figure and Banister’s own name published by Ray (1688: 1928). The specimen is Trillium sessile. Linnaeus (1753: 340) cited another Catesby (1730: 50, t. 50) figure. Free- man (1975: 27) identified the plant as Trillium maculatum Raf. Linnaeus also had a Virginia specimen when he proposed T. sessile: Clayton 536, 469.3 (LINN); duplicate at BM. The plants on both sheets are T. pusillum Michx. var. virginianum Fernald, and represent the oldest known specimens of this uncommon plant. Linnaeus had a broad species definition in many groups of plants, but that expressed in Trillium is greater than normal. Certainly the lack of material contributed to this, aggravated all the more by his inability to have all of the material together at one time for a final critical review as he was writing Species Plantarum. This is important to remember when examining Linnaeus’s original mate- rial. He accounted for many names proposed in the past, including ones he created himself based on specimens seen years before or knew from illustra- tions that were often dubious. He then applied those names, as best he could, to specimens he eventually obtained. Today, one can take out a flora or a re- cent monograph, spread out numerous specimens, and compare the proposed type with them. Linnaeus had no such opportunity. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank E. Groves and C.E. Jarvis for their help and comments. Work on the typification of temperate eastern North American plants is sup- ported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A-6281, Contribution No. 8450, of the Maryland Agricultural Experi- ment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. LITERATURE CITED Bauhin, C. 1620. Prodromos Theatri Botanici. J. Treudel, Frankfurt, Ger- many. ____.: 1623. Pinaz Theatri Botanici. L. Regis, Basel, Switzerland. Catesby, M. 1730-1732. The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands. Vol. I. Privately published, London, U.K. 4 Poel O TOGA volume 72(1):1-4 January 1992 Colden, C. 1749. Plantae coldenghamiae in provincia noveboracensi americes. Acta Soc. Reg. Sci. Upsal. 1749:81-136. Cornut, J.P. 1635. Canadensium Plantarum ... Historia. S. le Moyne, Paris, France. Freeman, J.D. 1975. Revision of Trilium subgenus Phyllantherum (Lili- aceae). Brittonia 27:1-62. Gleason, H.A. 1906. The pedunculate species of Trillium. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33:386-396. Gronovius, J.F. 1739. Flora Virginica. Part 1. C. Haak, Leiden, The Netherlands. . 1762. Flora Virginica, ed. 2. C. Haak, Leiden, The Netherlands. Linnaeus, C. 1745. Plantae Martino-burserianae. Privately published, Up- sala, Sweden. . 1749. Plantae Martino-burserianae. Amoen. Acad. 1:141-171. —_______. 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. Morison, R. 1699. Plantarum Historiae Universalis Ozoniensis. Vol. 3. T. Sheldon, Oxford, U.K. Plukenet, L. 1691-1962. Phytographia sive Stirpium ...Icones. Privately published, London, U.K. 1696. Almagestum Botanicum sive Phytographiae Pluknetianae [sic.]| Onomasticon. Privately published, London, U.K. Ray, J. 1688. Historia Plantarum. Vol. 2. H. Faithorne, London, U.K. Rendle, A.B. 1901. Notes on trillium. J. Bot. 39:321-335. Scoggin, H.J. 1978. The flora of Canada. Part 2. Nat. Mus. Natural Sci. Publ. Bot. 7(2):93-545. Smith, J.K. 1817. Trillium. Cyclop. 36(71): unpaged. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):5-8. TYPIFICATION OF THE LINNAEAN SPECIES OF Z/JZANIA (POACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT The two species of Zizania proposed by Linnaeus, Z. aquatica in 1753 and Z. palustris in 1771, are lectotypified on available elements. Application of the names for the wild-rices of eastern North America is not altered by this action. KEY WORDS: Zizania, Poaceae, wild-rice, nomenclature The genus Zizania consists of four species, the southern wild-rice, Z. aquat- ica Linnaeus, of eastern North America from Ontario and Quebec, Canada, southward to Florida and Louisiana; the northern wild-rice, Z. palustris Lin- naeus, of southern Canada from New Brunswick to Manitoba south to New York, Minnesota, and Iowa; Texas wild-rice, Z. terana A.S. Hitchc., a narrow endemic in Texas; and Manchurian wild-rice, Z. latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ez Stapf of eastern Asia (Dore 1969). | When Linnaeus (1753: 991) proposed Zizanza, he based the genus on two species, Z. aquatica and Z. terrestris Linnaeus. The latter is the Asiatic plant now known as Scleria terrestris (Linnaeus) Fassett; it was lectotypified by Fassett (1924: 159) on the Rheede figure cited by Linnaeus (as “based on”, Art. 8.3; Greuter et al. 1988). This shall not be discussed further. Linnaeus cited three synonyms when he proposed Zizania aquatica: Grono- vius (1742, and thus indirectly Clayton 574, Virginia, BM, 2 sheets) and two works of Sir Hans Sloane (1696: 33; 1705: 110, t. 67). Linnaeus did not, con- trary to Dore (1969: 17), examine either of the Clayton specimens now housed in The Natural History Museum (BM) simply because, as was Gronovius’ prac- tice, he sent Linnaeus a duplicate of Clayton 574 (1119.3, LINN). Unfortu- nately, we have no direct evidence what Linnaeus might have considered Clay- ton 574 (LINN) to represent as he never annotated the specimens (mounted on two sheets but assigned a single number by Savage, 1945). This means that the Clayton material cannot be considered authentic material because 5 6 PHY FOTO GIA volume 72(1):5-8 January 1992 (a) Linnaeus never saw the sheets at BM and (b) he failed to annotate the sheets at LINN. As for the Sloane references, the only authentic element is the Sloane figure (t. 67). The typotype (Stearn 1957) of this illustration, which was never examined by Linnaeus, is H.S. 2: 15, 16 (BM-SL). As reported by Hitchcock (1908: 132), the figure was drawn from a specimen of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trim. Nonetheless, Linnaeus did have an herbarium specimen at hand when he proposed Zizania aquatica in 1753. This is 1119.1 (LINN), an otherwise unattributed sheet except for “a sign” (Savage 1945: 171) the meaning of which is unknown. Dore (1969: 17) suggested the symbol represented Gronovius, but on what evidence this conclusion was reached is unknown; neither Jack- son (1912) nor Savage (1945) mention it. I have not found the symbol on any sheet I can associate with Gronovius, and I doubt very seriously that 1119.1 is a sheet from Gronovius. The sheet was annotated by Linnaeus with a “1”, the Species Plantarum number, and “aquatica”, the specific epithet he used for the species. Of the two authentic elements used by Linnaeus to establish Zizania aquat- ica, 1119.1 (LINN) and Sloane (1707, t. 67), I hereby designate 1119.1 (LINN) the lectotype. Although the specimen is thin stemmed and narrow leaved, its identity as southern wild-rice was confirmed by Dore. The northern wild-rice, Zizania palustris, has had a somewhat checkered nomenclatural history. Proposed by Linnaeus (1771: 295) long after he estab- lished Z. aquatica, the initial assumption was that the two were but a single species. Michaux (1803: 75) took this view when he proposed the superflu- ous Z. clavulosa Michaux, as did Lambert (1804: 264) and Pursh (1814: 60) who, nonetheless, retained Z. aquatica as the correct name for the taxon. The rationale for Lambert’s action was the close gross morphological similarities exhibited by the two critical specimens in the Linnaean herbarium, 1119.1 and 1119.2. As Hitchcock (1908: 124) would later conclude, both sheets were representative of the northern wild-rice. All of this resulted in Smith (1819: under Zizania) opting to retain Z. aquatica for the North American element and to propose Z. effusa J.E. Smith for the plant Sloane had illustrated. When Linnaeus (1771) had proposed Z. palustris he referred, in synonymy, to a Patrick Browne (1756: 340) name. This, too, was included by Smith in his new species. Not mentioned by Smith in his publication is that he annotated 1119.3 (LINN) “effusa”, making what I believe to be Clayton 574 authentic material as well. Because Smith gave the distribution of his new species as “Common in all of waters, or lagoons, of Jamaica”, and his description does not fit Clayton 574, I hereby lectotypify Z. effusa on the cited Sloane figure (1707: t. 67) rendering the name a synonym of Phragmites australis. Fassett (1924) and Dore (1969) made no mention of this species, and Hitchcock (1950: 980) attributed the name, incorrectly, to Munro (1862: 52). Reveal: Typification of Linnaean Zizania 7 As to the type of Zizania palustris, the only authentic element found is 1119.2 (LINN), the sheet annotated “Zizania” and “H U” by Linnaeus. This caused Hitchcock (1908: 124) to remark that no specimen in the Linnaean herbarium was identified with the species. Fassett (1924: 127), following Hitchcock (1906: 210) referred the specific epithet to Z. aquatica var. angus- tifolia A.S. Hitchc. without typifying the name. Dore (1969: 18) considered 1119.2 to be a “type” and a “classical specimen” (p. 19) of Z. palustris; I hereby specifically designate 1119.2 the lectotype of the name. Typification of the two Linnaean names does not alter their current cir- cumscription. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank E.E. Terrell and C.E. Jarvis for their help and comments. Work on the typification of temperate eastern North American plants is sup- ported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A-6283, Contribution No. 8452, of the Maryland Agricultural Experi- ment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. LITERATURE CITED Browne, P. 1756. The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica in Three Parts. Privately published, London, U.K. Dore, W.G. 1969. Wild-rice. Canad. Dept. Agric. Publ. 1393:1-84. Fassett, N.C. 1924. A study of the genus Zizania. Rhodora 26:153-160. Greuter, W., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. Grolle, D.L. Hawksworth, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, E.G. Voss, & J. McNeill (eds.). 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Gronovius, J.F. 1742. Flora Virginica. Part 2. C. Haak, Leiden, The Netherlands. Hitchcock, A.S. 1906. Notes on grasses. Rhodora 8:205-212. 1908. Types of American grasses: A study of the American species of grasses described by Linnaeus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12:113-158. PRY POLOG TA volume 72(1):5-8 January 1992 . 1950. Manual of the Grasses of the United States, ed. 2, revised by A. Chase. U.S.D.A. Miscell. Publ. 200:1-1051. Jackson, B.D. 1912. Index to the Linnean Herbarium. Taylor and Francis, London, U.K. Lambert, A.B. 1804. Observations on the Zizania aquatica. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17:264-265. Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. . 1771. Mantissa Plantarum Altera. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. Michaux, A. 1803. Flora Boreali-americana. Vol. 2. C. Crapelet, Paris, France. Munro, W. 1862. On the identification of the grasses of Linnaeus’s herbar- ium, now in the possession of the Linnean Society of London. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8:33-55. Pursh, F. 1814. Flora Americae Septentrionalis. White, Cochrane, and Co., London, U.K. Savage, S. 1945. A Catalogue of the Linnaean Herbarium. Linnean Society of London, London, U.K. Sloane, H. 1699. Catalogus Plantarum quae in Insula Jamaica Sponte Prove- niunt. D. Brown, London, U.K. 1705. A Voyage of the Islands Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S. Christophers and Jamaica. Vol. 1. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, London, U.K. Smith, J.E. 1819. Zizania. Cyclop. 39: unpaged. Stearn, W.T. 1957. An introduction to the Species Plantarum and cognate botanical works of Carl Linnaeus. In, C. Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, Rov edition. London, U.K. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):9-16. NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN CALIFORNIA MONARDELLA (LAMIACEAE) Jim Jokerst California Academy of Sciences, Department of Botany, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Nomenclatural changes are proposed for several California Monardella. Monardella undulata Benth. var. frutescens Hoover and M. odoratissima Benth. var. follettii Jeps. are elevated to species status; M. beniten- sis Hardham is reduced to M. antonina Hardham subsp. benitensis (Hardham) Jokerst; and M. douglasii Benth. var. venosa (Torr.) Jeps., M. villosa Benth. var. franciscana (Elmer) Jeps., M. villosa var. globosa (E.L. Greene) Jeps., and M. villosa var. obispoensis Hoover in Jeps. are recombined as subspecies. The relationships and identification of these taxa are provided. KEY WORDS: California, Lamiaceae, Monardella, taxonomy Nomenclatural changes are proposed for several California Monardella that will be included in the forthcoming The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, being prepared at the Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. Changes include elevating two varieties to species status, reducing one species to a subspecies, and changing four varieties to subspecies. Each change includes a brief discussion regarding relationships and identification. 1. Monardella antonina Hardham subsp. benitensis (Hardham) Jokerst, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Monardella benitensis Hardham, Leafl. W. Bot. 10(13):239. 1966. TYPE: UNITED STATES. California: San Benito Co., along Clear Creek in asbestos-type serpentine soil, 11 July 1965, Hardham 12672 (HOLOTYPE: CAS!; Isotype: US). Monardella benitensis is considered a subspecies of M. antonina because of the characters they share and relatively minor differences in growth habit, 9 10 Posy? iO beO Gu) A volume 72(1):9-16 January 1992 leaf habit, and stem and foliage vestiture that separate them. Both subspecies occur in the northern South Coast Ranges. These perennials have recurved outer bracts that resemble the leaves in color, texture, and vestiture; upright, leafy tipped, more leathery bracts of the middle series; verticillasters < 1.5 cm wide that are conspicuously glandular punctate and glandular hairy; ash colored, lance-ovate, leaves that are occasionally remotely serrate; and pale to deeply colored, lavender corollas. The matted, low growing subsp. benitensis rarely exceeds heights of 6 dm; the pubescence of the stems and leaves is dense, shaggy, and spreading, and obscures punctate glands of the leaves; the leaves are generally folded when unpressed. The upright, openly branched subsp. antonina generally exceeds 6 dm; the pubescence of the leaves and stem is short, is ascending or appressed, and generally does not obscure the punctate glands on the flattened leaves. Subspecies benitensis is restricted to barren, asbestos type serpentine of the Diablo Range, San Benito County. Subspecies antonina occurs on arid, ex- posed rocky sites on various geologic formations throughout the central portion of the South Coast Ranges from eastern Contra Costa Co., south to Monterey Co. Occasional populations of Monardella villosa from arid locales in the northern South Coast Range have conspicuously glandular, ash gray foliage; shorter, more compact hairs; and upright middle bracts are morphologically intermediate with subsp. antonina and may have hybrid origins. The bract morphology and appearance of the diploid Monardella antonina implies a close relationship with the tetraploid M. villosa. The vestiture of subsp. benztensis resembles that of the tomentose forms of M. villosa described as varieties subserrata (E.L. Greene) Epling and tomentosa (Eastw.) Jeps., leading Hardham (1966a) to conclude subsp. benitensis may have provided the genetic stock for tomentose forms of M. villosa. The tomentose forms of Monardella villosa should not be considered as subspecies because a graded series from sparse villous to tomentose plants can be found in M. villosa populations of the North Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills. Villous plants generally occupy protected, mesic, wooded localities, while forms corresponding to subspecies subserrata and tomentosa occur on arid, rocky sites, often only meters from sparsely villous forms. 2. Monardella frutescens (Hoover) Jokerst, comb. et stat. nov. BA- SIONYM: Monardella undulata Benth. var. frutescens Hoover, Leafl. W. Bot. 10(11):179. 1949. TYPE: UNITED STATES. California: San Luis Obispo Co., north edge of Santa Maria Valley on Arroyo Grande- Guadalupi Rd., in sandy field, 10 July 1947, R.F. Hoover 7289 (HOLO- TYPE: OBI!; Isotype: CAS!). Morphological and habitat features suggest that Monardella undulata var. frutescens should be elevated to species status. Morphological characters, over- Jokerst: Nomenclature changes in California Monardella 11 lapping distributions, and occurrence on coastal sand dunes suggest a close relationship among M. frutescens, M. undulata, and M. crispa Elmer. The perennial Monardella frutescens closely resembles the annual M. undu- lata of sand dunes along the immediate coast and those just inland in coastal sage scrub. Monardella frutescens is generally over 4 dm tall and has few sec- ondary branches from the main stem. Monardella undulata is typically many branched near the base and rarely exceeds 4 dm. Problems arise in separating herbarium specimens because M. frutescens can flower the first growing sea- son after germination (Hoover 1949), when plants closely resemble the annual species. Multiple samples and population wide study may be required to en- sure proper identification. Monardella frutescens occurs along a 40 mile coastal strip in San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties, whereas M. undulata ranges from Marin County, south to Santa Barbara County. Although similar in geographic range, habitat, and morphology, Monardella crispa and M. frutescens are easily separated. Both perennial species are denizens of central California coastal dunes. Each has undulate, hairy leaves and many flowered verticillasters with rose-purple or lavender corollas. Com- plications in separating M. crispa and M. frutescens arise because they are sympatric throughout most of their ranges and appear to hybridize freely. Al- though the two species occupy different types of dune habitat and are distin- guished by a suite of morphological characters, morphologically intermediate plants do occupy disturbed sites and some natural habitat transitions. Monardella frutescens occurs on stabilized sand dunes of the immediate coast and coastal terraces in a species rich dune flora with relatively modest vegetative cover. In contrast, M. crispa is strictly confined to sparsely veg- etated, unstabilized, or active dunes most frequently encountered along the immediate coast. Relatively constant winds and shifting sand characterize its habitat and limit the variety and cover of plant life. The pattern and range of morphological intermediacy at some sympatric populations indicate extensive introgression. Field observations have revealed that morphologically interme- diate plants occupy partially stabilized dunes with plant cover and species richness intermediate between that associated with the two parental forms. Intermediates also frequent roadcuts and other disturbed sandy habitats and can outnumber pure, unhybridized plants. Identification of these three species is aided by noting the variation in taxonomically important characters throughout the population and the type of dune habitat. Field observations should be interpreted in light of the fact that intermediates between Monardella crispa and M. frutescens occupy natural habitat transitions and disturbed sites. The trio of crisp leaved, coastal dune Monardella can be separated using the following key: 12 PY T OFL:O: GA volume 72(1):9-16 January 1992 Key to the Crisp Leaved Coastal Monardella A. Annual; plants low, compact; often many branched below, leaf blades generally longer than internodes; stem glabrous or sparsely villous. ER eS A HTT ee ae NS cee ERIM oe: M. undulata Benth. A’ Perennial; plants upright, openly and sparingly branched; leaf blades gen- erally shorter than internodes; stem sparsely to densely puberulent. .B B. Plant compact, eventually with numerous, crowded stems forming mounds > 1 m across; stem matted white tomentose, green epider- mnis obscured; leaves oblanceolate, thick, fleshy, whitish from dense, minute puberulence; head generally > 1.5 cm wide; bracts generally 7-15 Mums ns 5 beagles a ieas oss «doe eee M. crispa Elmer B’ Plant upright, openly branched with one or few main stems, not mound forming; stem sparsely tomentose, greenish purple epider- mis visible; leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, thin, green, nearly glabrous to thinly villous; head generally < 1.5 cm wide; bracts generally 6-10 mm. .........0..500- M. frutescens (Hoover) Jokerst Sympatric populations of Monardella frutescens and M. crispa occur through- out the geographic range of the more narrowly distributed M. crispa. Historic collections place the northern range limits of both species near Oceano, south- ern San Luis Obispo County. Both occur intermittently along the coast south for 30 miles to Surf, the type locality of M. crispa. Monardella frutescens ranges south an additional 10 miles to near Point Arguello. A collection ( Hick- son 41 [CAS], 31 Mar 1988) with morphological traits intermediate between the two species indicates that both have occurred at or near Point Arguello. Monardella frutescens is the only taxon that can presently be located at Surf, leading to questions regarding the true nature of the M. crispa holotype (Smith 1982). My examination of the holotype indicates that it is representa- tive of the more northerly M. crispa populations such as occur at Point Sal, Oso Flaco Lake, and the Guadalupi and Pismo Dunes. The bracts and flower heads of the M. crispa holotype are at the extreme low end of the morpholog- ical range for the species, but its low, unbranched habit, woolly stem and leaf vestiture, and broad leaf clearly distinguish it from M. frutescens. 3. Monardella douglasii Benth. subsp. venosa (Torr.) Jokerst, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Monardella candicans Benth. var. venosa Torr., Pacific Railroad Report (Whipple Exp.) 4:123. 1856. Monardella dou- glasu Benth. var. venosa (Torr.) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 3:443. 1943. TYPE: UNITED STATES. California: Yuba Co., plain of the Feather River near Marysville, 25 May 1854, Bigelow s.n. (HOLOTYPE: NY!; Iso- type: GH!). Jokerst: Nomenclature changes in California Monardella 13 Monardella douglas Benth. var. parry: Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 884. 1925. This combination is required because subsp. venosa is a morphologically defined geographic entity with close affinity to subsp. douglasi. The two sub- species are morphologically identical, differing only in quantitative aspects and geographic range. They both have bracts with the lateral veins perpendicu- lar to the midrib and silvery translucent tissue in areas between the bract veins. Subspecies venosa is distinguished from subsp. douglasi on quantita- tive morphological characteristics and geographic range. Subspecies venosa of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade foothills in Butte, Yuba, and Tuolumne counties has verticillasters over 2 cm wide, with broadly ovate bracts over 1.5 cm long. Compared with most Monardella, the bracts of subsp. venosa are disproportionately large relative to the verticillaster. Subspecies douglasi of the North and South Coast Ranges, has verticillasters less than 1.5 cm wide, and lance-ovate bracts less than 1.5 cm long. Subspecies venosa has been considered extinct (Smith & Berg 1988). His- toric collections are known from four localities: one each from near Chico and Cherokee in Butte Co.; the type locality on the “plain of the Feather River near Marysville,” Yuba Co.; and the most recent collection taken in 1935 near Copperopolis, Tuolumne Co. (J.A. Rutter 211 [CAS]). Recent efforts by the author and others to relocate these historic occurrences have failed. 4. Monardella follettii (Jeps.) Jokerst, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Monardella odoratissima Benth. var. follettiz Jeps., Fl. Calif. 3:437. 1943. TYPE: UNITED STATES. California: Plumas Co., Rich Gulch, NE slope of red Hill, 2 Aug 1937, W.J. Follett 108 (HOLOTYPE: JEPS!; Isotype: JEPS!). The distinctive, narrowly distributed Monardella folletti is reported from rocky serpentine slopes in the Sierra Nevada of Plumas Co., California. It is known from the canyon of the North Fork of the Feather River and Meadow Valley. The recently described M. stebbinsii Hardham & Bartel is partially sympatric with M. follettiz in the canyon of the North Fork of the Feather River (Hardham & Bartel 1990). Monardella folletizi shares morphological attributes with a species complex of mostly glabrous, pink flowered serpentine endemics with narrow, leathery bracts. It most closely resembles M. purpurea Howell of the North Coast Ranges, which I treat as conspecific with M. neglecta E.L. Greene of Marin Co., and M. villosa subsp. subglabra Hoover of the South Coast Ranges (Jokerst in Hickman, in prep.). Monardella palmeri A. Gray, a serpentine endemic of the South Coast Ranges in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties, also is allied with this complex. Monardella follettii is distinguished from these taxa by its 14 Pin YT Oa Ose A volume 72(1):9-16 January 1992 conspicuously glandular punctate bracts and calyces (vs. obscure), occasional hairs on the leaves and stems (vs. glabrous), unpressed heads less than 1.5 cm wide (vs. 1.5 cm), and lanceolate bracts (vs. ovate to lance ovate). The internodes of M. folletti are generally longer than the leaves and the heads are either solitary on tops of main branches, or in terminal capitate and whorled verticillasters. The related M. purpureaand M. palmeri generally have shorter internodes and solitary heads at the ends of main branches. The remaining nomenclatural changes which follow are proposed to rec- ognize, as subspecies, the morphologically and geographically distinct races of the widespread and polymorphic Monardella villosa. The article concludes with a key to subspecies of M. villosa. 5. Monardella villosa Benth. subsp. franciscana (Elmer) Jokerst, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Monardella franciscana Elmer, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 41:320. 1906. Monardella villosa Benth. var. francis- cana (Elmer) Jeps., Man. Fil. Pl. Calif. 881. 1925. TYPE: UNITED STATES. California: San Mateo Co., San Pedro, July 1903, Elmer 4766 (HOLOTYPE: CAS!; Isotype: CAS!). 6. Monardella villosa Benth. subsp. globosa (E.L. Greene) Jokerst, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Monardella globosa E.L. Greene, Pittonia 5:82. 1902. TYPE: UNITED STATES. California: Alameda Co., Leona, August 1892, Micheuen & Bioletti s.n. (HOLOTYPE: ND-G!). Monardella coriacea Heller, Muhlenbergia 1:35. 1904. Monardella villosa Benth. var. interior Jeps., Fl. Calif. 3:436. 1943. This distinctive subspecies is easily distinguished from Monardella villosa subsp. villosa based on stem, leaf, bract, and head size, and its generally sparse villosity (see key below). Compared with other M. villosa subspecies, the leaves and bracts of subsp. globosa are disproportionately large relative to the remainder of the plant. Neither Epling (1925) nor Munz (1968) recognized this taxon. 7. Monardella villosa Benth. subsp. obispoensis (Hoover in Jeps.) Jok- erst, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Monardella villosa Benth. var. obispoensis Hoover in Jeps., Fl. Calif. 3:435. 1943. TYPE: UNITED STATES. California: San Luis Obispo Co., near Cuesta Pass, 20 Jun 1908, Condit s.n. (HOLOTYPE: JEPS!). Jokerst: Nomenclature changes in California Monardella 15 Key to the Subspecies of Monardella villosa A. Stem and leaves appressed woolly, densely lanate to nearly glabrous; leaves triangular-ovate, base truncate. ..... subsp. franciscana (Elmer) Epling A’ Stem and leaves spreading villous, sparse to dense; leaves ovate to lance OVAteMbAseTOMtWSER 2 stit lai. Cece rata onetime ee ere tere me aL eee ere: ae B B. Hairs branched and unbranched; plants matted; corolla white or lavender Srs ott. Pema subsp. obispoensis (Hoover) Jokerst B’ Hairs simple; plants matted or upright and openly branched; corolla blue.or purples. sini %.. Sao. Hes cate PRLS ak ae ee ome eee C C. Leaf blade 1.0-2.2 cm long; outer bracts 0.8-2 cm long; head 1-37emwide;’stem, <.0-5 mi tal pare aie ae eee subsp. vil- losa Benth. (includes subsp. subserrata {[E.L. Greene] Epling) C’ Leaf blade 2.5-5.0 cm long; outer bracts 2-3 cm long; head 2-4 cm wide; stem >. 0.5: mvtallly 2... p20. de tee oat a eateele eer eels» < Pee ARE ei etre subsp. globosa (E.L. Greene) Jokerst ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge the support and use of facilities provided by the California Academy of Sciences, Jepson Herbarium, and University of Cal- ifornia, Berkeley; curators of NY, GH, OBI for the loan of specimens; John Sorenson for his ideas and support; and Dr. Dieter Wilken, Dr. James Hick- man, and James R. Shevock for their critical review of the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Elmer, A.D.E. 1905. New and noteworthy western plants. 11. Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 39:42-55. Epling, C.C. 1925. Monograph of the genus Monardella. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12(1):1-107. Hardham, C.B. 1966a. Three diploid species of the Monardella villosa com- plex. Leafl. W. Bot. 10(13):237-242. —_. 1966b. Two more diploid segregates of the Monardella villosa complex. Leafl. W. Bot. 10(16):320-326. 16 PHY TOL, O Gla volume 72(1):9-16 January 1992 & J. Bartel. 1990. Monardella stebbinsit (Lamiaceae), a new serpen- tine endemic species from the northern Sierra Nevada, Plumas County, California. Aliso 12(4):693-699. Hoover, R.F. 1949. Notes on Monardella. Leafl. W. Bot. 5(11):179-182. Jepson, W.L. 1943. A Flora of California. vol. 3, part 2. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Jokerst, J.D. (in prep.). Monardella in J. Hickman, (ed.). The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. Munz, P.A. 1968. A California Flora and Supplement. University of Califor- nia Press, Berkeley, California. Smith, D.M. 1982. Field study of candidate threatened and endangered plant species at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Unpublished report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento, California. Smith, J.R. & K. Berg. 1988. California Native Plant Society’s Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. California Native Plant Society Spec. Pub. No. 1 (4th ed.). Sacramento, California. 168 Ppp. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):17-30. NOMENCLATURAL NOTES FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN FLORA. IX John T. Kartesz & Kancheepuram N. Gandhi The North Carolina Botanical Garden, Dept. of Biology, Coker Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Authorship of new Cyperaceae names, proposed in Small’s 1903 work and of Carex emmonsii Dewey ez Torr. is discussed. Linnaeus’ treatment of Cyperus haspan L. as an intentional orthographic error for C. halpan is accepted. Based on priority, the following are rec- ognized to be the correct names at specific rank: Cyperus involucra- tus Rottb., Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schultes, and Scirpus lep- tolepis Chapman in place of C. alternifolius Rottb., E. fistulosa Schultes, and S. cylindricus (Torr.) Britt., respectively. Furtado’s lectotypifica- tion of Scirpus geniculatus L. is accepted and consequently, Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & Schultes is reinstated in place of E. caribaea (Rottb.) Blake. The correct status of Phaeocephalum Ehrh. ex House is discussed. In substantive, the spelling bertero1 is maintained over berterit. Chapman’s 1860 proposals of Rhynchospora divergens Chap- man and R. pusilla Chapman as spp. nov. are regarded as isonyms. The quadrinomial Carex marina Dewey ssp. pseudolagopina (Sorensen) Bocher var. pseudolagopina is recognized as two trinomials: Carer ma- rina ssp. pseudolagopina (Sorensen) Bocher and Carez marina var. pseu- dolagopina (Sorensen) Bocher. The complete bibliography is given to validate Hultén’s trinomial: Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny ssp. subarcticum (Vassil.) Hultén ex Kartesz & Gandhi. KEY WORDS: Floristics, nomenclature, Cyperaceae, Carez, Cype- rus, Eleocharis, Eriophorum, Phaeocephalum, Rhynchospora, Scir- pus, Boott, Hooker, Small Alf 18 PHY TOLOGIA volume 72(1):17-30 January 1992 INTRODUCTION Continuing with the “NOMENCLATURAL NOTES FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN FLORA” (Kartesz & Gandhi 1989, 1990a, b, c, 1991la, b,c, d), a ninth note in the series is presented here toward advancing our understanding of North American plant names. CYPERACEAE Carex emmons1i Carer emmonstt Dewey, a manuscript name, was proposed in Torrey’s work (Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:411. 1836) as a nomen novum for both C. alpestris sensu Schwein. & Torr. (non Allioni 1785, nec Lam. 1789) and C. davis Dewey (Amer. J. Sci. 10:279. 1826, non Schwein. & Torr. 1825). Since C. emmonszi did not require a description for validation, the authorship of this name is questionable, 1.e., whether Dewey alone or Dewey ez Torr. is the correct author. This situation is similar to the nomenclatural problem of Vilfa vaginiflora Torr. ex A. Gray (see Kartesz & Gandhi [Phytologia 69:307-309. 1990] on Sporobolus vaginiflorus [Torr. er A. Gray] Wood). We conclude that Dewey ez Torrey is the author, since Torrey was responsible for validation of this name. Regarding typification of Carex emmonsit, it must be typified by the type of C. davisti Dewey. However, the specimens studied by Dewey were not located. Rettig (Sida 13:451. 1989) “lectotypified” C. davisii Dewey by Williamstown’s 1828 collection (NY) and typified C. emmonsz by the preceding lectotype. Since Dewey did not study Williamstown’s collection (collected two years after Dewey’s publication), Rettig (Sida 14:133. 1990) corrected his earlier lecto- typification as a neotypification. Carez albicans Willd. var. emmonsi (Dewey ez Torr.) Rettig, Sida 14:133. 1990. Carer emmonsii Dewey ez Torrey, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:411. 1836. Carex davisii Dewey, Amer. J. Sci. 10:279. 1826, non Schwein. & Torr. 1825. Carer novae-angliae Schwein. var. emmonsit (Dewey ez Torr.) Carey in A. Gray, Manual 556. 1848. NEOTYPE (vide Rettig l.c.): U.S.A. Massachusetts: 1828, Wilhamstown (NY). Carer marina ssp. pseudolagopina Following Kartesz & Gandhi (1991e), the quadrinomial Carez marina Dewey ssp. pseudolagopina (Sorensen) Bocher var. pseudolagopina is recognized with two trinomials as given below. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes 1X 19 Carer marina Dewey ssp. pseudolagopina (Sorensen) Bocher and var. pseu- dolagopina (Sorenson) Bocher, Feddes Rep. 80:106. 1969. BASIONYM: Carez pseudolagopina Sorensen, Meddel. Om Gronl. 101(4):167. 1937. Cyperus haspan Kern (1974, pp. 624-625) considered Cyperus haspan L. as an orthographic error for C. halpan L. On p. 625, Kern stated that “Linnaeus misspelled the vernacular name. According to Art. 73 of the Code (example of Gluta renghas) this orthographic error must be corrected.” In our correspondence with Thieret (KNK), he speculated that Linnaeus might have deliberately spelled the epithet as haspan. Hence, we decided to investigate this problem. In Sinhalese (native language of Sri Lanka), the name halpan refers to a sedge in rice fields (hal = rice; pan = sedge). Trimen (J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 24:135. 1887) believed that the name halpan referred to Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunth (= F. umbellaris [Lam.] Vahl) alone. Later, Trimen (Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5:26, 57. 1900) applied this vernacular name to both C. haspan and F. um- bellaris. Seemingly following Trimen’s 1900 treatment, several authors, such as Willis (Revis. Cat. Pl. Ceylon 101-102. 1911), Fonseka & Vinasithamby (Provision. Inder Local Names Fl. Pl. Ceylon 28. 1971), and Koyama (FI. Ceylon 5:203-204, 303. 1985) applied the name halpan to both C. haspan and F, umbellaris. However, Gunawardena (Gen. & Sp. Pl. Zeylaniae 208. 1968) applied the name halpan to C. haspan alone. Wilson (Cyperaceae Newslett. 9:8. 1991), who rejected Kern’s analysis and accepted the name C. haspan, followed Trimen’s 1887 treatment by assigning the name halpan to F. umbel- laris alone. Of these authors, Gunawardena, Fonseka, and Vinasithamby are natives of Sri Lanka. It appears that Hermann (Mus. Zeylanicum 23. 1717) was the first to asso- ciate the vernacular name halpan with Cyperus (“HALPAN. Gramen Cyper- inum junceum longissimum.”). Burman (Thes. Zeylanica 108. 1737) copied Hermann’s treatment, but misspelled halpan as haspan (Wilson erroneously attributed Thes. Zeylanica to Hermann.). Linnaeus (Fl. Zeylanica 37. 1747) cited references to both “...Haspan ... Burm.” and “Halpan. Herm.” Later, Linnaeus (1753, p. 45) used the name C. haspan and referenced his Fl. Zey- lanica. Therefore, it is evident that Linnaeus was aware of both spellings and deliberately chose the spelling haspan. Linnaeus’ usage of haspan must be construed as an intentional orthographic error, which he had done with few other epithets (e.g., Fagus sylvatica L. [medieval Latin] instead of F. silvatica [classical Latin]). We concur with Thieret and with Wilson that Art. 73 is inapplicable in this case and that haspan is the correct epithet. Cyperus haspan L., Sp. Pl. 45. 1753. 20 PHY TOLO GRA volume 72(1):17-30 January 1992 Cyperus involucratus Throughout much of North America, the umbrella sedge has generally been known by the name Cyperus alternifolius L. In Malaysia, Kern (1974, p. 618) used the name C’. flabelliformis Rottb. for this taxon. He described its stem apices as being scabrulous, its glumes as being ovate, and its fruits as being broadly ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, apiculate, yellowish brown and 3/5-3/4 x 1/2 mm. Kern remarked that the “very closely related C. alternifolius L. differs by its smooth stem, ...lanceolate glumes, and narrowly oblong blackish nuts measuring c. 1 by 1/3 mm. It is native to Madagascar, Mauritius, and the Mascarenes; not found growing wild in Malaysia.” Kuekenthal (1936, p. 193) recognized C. flabelliformis at subspecific rank (C. alternifolius ssp. flabelliformis [Rottb.] Kuekenthal), whereas Baijnath (1975) recognized it to be specifically distinct under the earlier name: C. involucratus Rottb. In his analysis of this complex, Baijnath provided additional morphological and anatomical characters to substantiate the separation of Cyperus involu- cratus from C. alternifolius. Without referencing Baijnath, Koyama (1979, p. 257) assigned the Caribbean umbrella sedge to C. alternifolius subsp. fla- belliformis. Although DeFilipps (in Tutin et al. 1980, p. 286) was aware of Baijnath’s work, he assigned the European umbrella sedge to C. alternifolius. Cyperus alternifolius and C. involucratus are similar in gross morphology, but some of their macro- and micromorphological differences clearly warrant their independent specific recognition. For the North American flora, we follow Tucker (1983, p. 12) and recognize the name C. involucratus for the umbrella sedge. Cyperus involucratus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 22. 1772. Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb., Descr. et Icon. Rar. 42. 1773. Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Kuekenthal in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 20 (Heft 101):193. 1936. Cyperus alternifolius auct. non L. Eleocharis acutangula Svenson (1957, p. 511) recognized the name Eleocharis fistulosa (Poir.) Schultes (published in 1824; based on Scirpus fistulosus Poir., published in 1804) for a pantropical Eleocharis species found in Texas. Correll & Johnston (1970, p. 271), and Correll & Correll (1972, p. 375), Kartesz & Kartesz (1980), Soil Conservation Service (1982, p. 63), Hatch et al. (1990, p. 35), and Johnston (1990, p. 13) followed Svenson. Unfortunately, the basionym S. fistulosus Poir. is a later homonym of S. fistulosus Forsk. (published in 1775). Because Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes 1X 21 of its illegitimacy, the name S. fistulosus Poir. must not be considered for purpose of priority (ICBN Art. 45 Note 2), and Poiret must not be cited as the parenthetical author (JCBN Art. 49). The name E. fistulosa must be considered to be a nom. nov., with its priority from 1824 (JCBN Art. 72 Note 1); Kern (1974, p. 525) and Hooper (1976, p. 671) recognized the name Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schultes (based on Scirpus acutangulus Roxb., published in 1820). We concur and accept the name E. acutangula. Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schultes, Mant. 2:91. 1824. BASIONYM: Scirpus acutangulus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1:213. 1820. Scirpus fistulosus Poir., Encyc. 6:749. 1804, non Forsk., 1775. Eleocharis fistulosa Schultes, Mant. 2:91. 1824. Eleocharis geniculata In the protologue of Scirpus geniculatus L., Linnaeus (1753, p. 48) included a mixture of two species (later known as Eleocharis geniculata [L.| Roemer & Schultes [characterized by eseptate, 0.2-0.4 mm wide stems, and 3-7 mm long and 3-4 mm wide spikelets] and EF. elegans [Kunth] Roemer & Schultes [characterized by transversely septate, 4-10 wide stems, and 1-2 cm long and 4-7 mm wide spikelets]). Linnaeus’ description (“culmo tereti nudo, spica subglobosa terminali”) along with his first reference (to “Scirpus culmo nudo, spica terminali subrotunda. Hort. Cliff. 21.”) as well as his second reference p-p. (to “Juncus aquaticus geniculatus, capitulis equiseti, minor. Sloan. Jam. 37.”) pertained to the former species, whereas the remainder of his second reference (to “Juncus aquaticus geniculatus, capitulis equiseti, major. Sloan. Jam. 37.”) pertained to the latter species (fide Wilson 1990). In his second edition, Linnaeus (1762, p. 71) altered his description slightly (“culmo terreti nudo, spica oblonga terminali”). It is clear that the oblong shape of the spikelet applied more to E. elegans than to E. geniculata. Hence, confusion has existed in the past regarding the application of the Linnaean binomial. In the early 1930s, Dandy investigated this problem and conveyed his re- sults to both Furtado and Svenson (fide Svenson 1939, p. 50). Based on Dandy’s results, Furtado (1937, pp. 293, 298) lectotypified the name Scirpus geniculatus by a specimen referable to Eleocharis geniculata. Prior to Fur- tado’s typification, Svenson (1937, p. 259) treated E. elegans as a synonym of E. geniculata. However, subsequent to the typification, Svenson (1939, p. 51) recognized E. geniculata and E. elegans to be two distinct species. Wilson (1990, p. 7) stated that both Furtado and Svenson independently lectotypified the name S. geniculatus. However, except for quoting excerpts from Dandy’s 22 PHY POLO G TA volume 72(1):17-30 January 1992 letter on the lectotypification and for referencing Furtado’s publication, Sven- son had no comment on the typification. Hence, Furtado alone was responsible for the lectotypification of the name S. geniculatus. Eighteen years later, Svenson (1957, p. 533, as a note) reversed his 1939 position by rejecting Scirpus geniculatus as a nom. conf. and accepting (pp. 520-521) the name Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) Blake (in place of E. genic- ulata). His treatment suggested that he rejected Furtado’s lectotypification. Correll & Johnston (1970, p. 274), Correll & Correll (1972, p. 384), Voss (1972, p. 342), Soil Conservation Service (1982, p. 63), and Hatch et al. (1990, p. 35) perhaps following Svenson’s 1957 work, recognized the name E£. carib- aea, whereas several well known sedge specialists such as Kern (1974, p. 536), Hooper (1976, p. 672), Koyama (1979, p. 232), Walters (in Tutin et al. 1980, p. 282), and Wilson (1990) followed Furtado’s lectotypification and accepted the name £. geniculata in place of E. caribaea. We concur with the preceding authors and continue to recognize EF. geniculata. Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2:150. 1817. BA- SIONYM: Scirpus geniculatus L., Sp. Pl. 48. 1753. LECTOTYPE (vide Furtado, I.c.): BM. Scirpus caribaeus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. 24. 1772. Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) Blake, Rhodora 20:24. 1918. Eriophorum angusttfolium ssp. subarcticum For the North American flora, we follow Hultén’s reduction of Eriophorum subarcticum Vassil. to E. angustifolium Honckeny ssp. subarcticum (Vassil.) Hultén (Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad., band 8, no. 5:58, 243. 1962). Un- fortunately, this combination remains invalid to date for the following reasons. First, on pp. 58 and 243, Hultén did not provide complete bibliographic details regarding the basionym. Second, the bibliography section of Hultén’s work has no reference on Vassiljev. Therefore, Hultén did not meet the requirements of ICBN Art. 33.2 for a new combination. The complete bibliographic details of the basionym are given below to validate Hultén’s subspecific name. Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny ssp. subarcticum (Vassil.) Hultén ex Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Eriophorum subarcticum Vassil., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarov Akad. Nauk SSSR 13:58. 1950. TYPE: East Asia, Ochotensis, near Najachan, Sep 1938, Medvedev & Nepli s.n. (?LE). Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes LX 28 Phaeocephalum: Nomenclaturally Superfluous, Taxonomic Synonym Rhynchospora Vahl (Enum. Pl. 2:229. 1806) is a conserved generic name, with its type R. alba (L.) Vahl (based on Schoenus albus L.) also conserved. Ehrhart (Beitr. 4:146. 1789) proposed Phaeocephalum as an unitary name for S. fuscus L. (= R. fusca {L.] Ait. f.). In the Paris Congress (Lanjouw et al. 1956, Art. 68) and prior to that, Phaeocephalum Ehrh. was treated as an illegitimate name; however, in the Montreal Congress (Lanjouw eé al. 1961, Art. 20 Note 2) and presently (Art. 20 Ex. 10), it is merely regarded as an unitary name, 2.e., not a generic name. House (Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6:201. 1920) revived Phaeocephalum, as- cribed it to Ehrhart, cited Schoenus fuscus as the type, and made 43 new combinations within it. House’s treatment was based on the belief that Phaeo- cephalum was validly published by Ehrhart and that it had priority over Rhyn- chospora. House did not provide a description for Phaeocephalum; however, his citation of Rhynchospora as a synonym (an indirect reference to its generic description) inadvertently validated Phaeocephalum as a generic name. At the time of House’s publication, Rhynchospora was neither conserved nor typified. Farr et al. (1979: 1305) mentioned that Phaeocephalum Ehrh. ez House is a nomenclatural synonym of Rhynchospora, which suggested homotypy. How- ever, such a view is refuted here. Phaeocephalum was typified by a type dif- ferent from that of Rhynchospora (heterotypy); therefore, the former must be classified as a taxonomic synonym of the latter. The removal of Rhynchospora fusca from Rhynchospora may remove the taxonomic superfluity from Phaeocephalum, but such a removal would not remove the illegitimacy from Phaeocephalum, since the latter was validated by House’s reference to the circumscription of Rhynchospora (i.e., Phaeo- cephalum included the circumscription of Ithynchospora). Hence, the name Phaeocephalum must be classified as nomenclaturally superfluous when pub- lished, and thus illegitimate. Rhynchospora bertero1 Based on Bertero’s collection from Guadeloupe, Sprengel (Neue Entd. 1:241. 1820) proposed “Hypoelytrum berterz.” Since Sprengel used the epithet in sub- stantive, “H. berteriv” is to be treated as an orthographic error and must be corrected to “H. berteroz” (ICBN Rec. 73C.1a). In Rhynchospora Vahl, it must be cited as R. berteroi (Spreng.) C.B. Clark. (cf. Thomas [1984, p. 34] used both “H. berteriz” and R. berteroz). 24 PRY DLOLOGIA volume 72(1):17-30 January 1992 Rhynchospora divergens and R. pusilla Based on Chapman’s manuscript name, Curtis (Amer. J. Sci. II. 7(21):409. 1849) described Rhynchospora divergens and attributed it to Chapman. Curtis remarked that R. divergens “has the closest affinity with R. pusilla, Chapm. mss., from which it differs in several particulars, especially in the achenium which is not rugulose.” Curtis’ remarks suggested that the achenium of R. pusilla is rugulose. He further stated that R. pusilla lacked hypogynium bris- tles. These were the only two descriptive characters provided by Curtis for R. pusilla. Perhaps unaware of Curtis’ treatment, Chapman (1860, p. 528) proposed these two taxa as spp. nov. Prior to the 1987 Congress (in Berlin), Curtis’ treatment of Rhynchospora pusilla could have been rejected as an incidental mention (Voss et al. 1983, ICBN Art. 34.1c) and thus, its publication in Chapman’s 1860 work would be valid. However, Art. 34.lc, pertaining to incidental mention, was dropped at the Berlin Congress (Greuter et al. 1988) rendering R. pusilla to be validly published in Curtis’ work. Thomas (1984, p. 35) erred in attributing R. pusilla to Chapman alone. Since the types for both Chapman’s and Curtis’ treatments are the same, Chapman’s spp. nov. must be considered as isonyms (Nicolson, Taxon 24:461-466. 1975). Rhynchospora divergens Chapman ez Curtis, Amer. J. Sci. II. 7:409. 1849. Rhynchospora pusilla Chapman ez Curtis, Amer. J. Sci. I. 7:409. 1849. Rhynchospora globularis Koyama (1979, pp. 297-298) attributed Rhynchospora globularis to “(Chap- man) Small [Man. Southeast. Fil. 184. 1933; comb. invalida] ex Gale” (Rhodora 46:243. 1944) and cited its basionym: R. cymosa Ell. var. globularis Chapman (Koyama erroneously attributed R. cymosa to Nuttall.) Koyama mentioned R. pinetorum Britt. & Small ez Small (I.c., p. 1933) as a synonym. Small (/.c.) neither proposed Rhynchospora globularis as a comb. nov. nor cited its basionym. Moreover, in his list of new names proposed in his work, Small (p. 1503) did not list R. globularis. Perhaps, for these reasons, Koyama considered Small’s combination as invalid. However, we emphasize the fact that if Koyama’s treatment is accepted, then R. pinetorum (published in 1933) would be the correct name for this complex, since it would have priority over R. globularis (published in 1944) at specific rank. Our analysis follows. For his combination, Small cited Chapman to be the parenthetical author. This citation must be construed as an indirect reference to Chapman’s variety. Therefore, we conclude that it was Small’s intention to make the combination and that he met the requirements of JCBN Art. 32.3 for valid publication of new combinations made prior to 1953. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes 1X 25 Rhynchospora globularis (Chapman) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 184. 1933. BA- SIONYM: fhynchospora cymosa Ell. var. globularis Chapman, Fl. S. U.S. 525. 1860. Scirpus leptolepis Koyama (1962, p. 930) proposed Scirpus subterminalis Torr. var. cylindri- cus and cited the following as synonyms: S. canbyi A. Gray, S. cylindricus (Torr.) Britt., S. etuberculatus (Steud.) O. Kuntze, S. leptolepis Chapman, S. macranthus Boeckl., S. maritimus L. var. cylindricus Torr., and S. torreyt Olney. We recognize Scirpus etuberculatus (incl. S. macranthus) and S. torreyt as distinct from the above taxa. For the remainder of the complex, we conclude that S. leptolepis is the correct name at specific rank. Scirpus leptolepis Chapman, FI. S. U.S. 520. 1860. Scirpus maritimus L. var. cylindricus Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:325. 1836. Scirpus cylindricus (Torr.) Britt., Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 11:79. 1892. Scirpus canby: A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18. 1864. Authorship of New Cyperaceae Names Proposed in Small’s 1903 Work Small (1903, pp. 1327-1328) listed 25 new Cyperaceae names (treated on pp. 161-221, 1321), either as sp. nov. or comb. nov. He erred in listing Rhyn- chospora intermedia (Chapman) Britt. as a comb. nov., since it had been pub- lished previously in Britton’s work (Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 11:87. 1892). Furthermore, Small failed to list two names: Cyperus carey: Britt. sp. nov. and Dichromena floridensis Britt. sp. nov.; hence, the correct number is 26, of which 21 were ascribed to Britton, four to Small, and one to Harper. Regard- ing the authorship of the 21 names ascribed to Britton, recent authors differ, with some attributing them to Britton alone (Gleason, New Britt. & Brown Ill. Fl. 1:285, 290. 1952) and others to Britton ez Small (Gale 1944, pp. 105, 172, 233, 262; Thomas 1984, pp. 60, 77, 79). Our analysis follows. On p. 161 (in a footnote), Small stated that the Cyperaceae treatment was prepared “with the assistance of Dr. Nathaniel Lord Britton,” te., Small prepared Cyperaceae with the assistance of Britton. Therefore, both Small and Britton are the authors of this treatment, with Small being the first author. Regarding the authorship of Dichromena floridensis, Thomas (p. 79) ar- gued that the description “is in Small’s style and Britton indicated a previous January 1992 26 PAY TOT sOiGsca volume 72(1):17-30 lack of familiarity with the species by describing it as new (D. inaguensis) in 1920.” We disagree with Thomas’ analysis. First, since Small was the major author, editor, and publisher of his work, it is logical to assume that he edited contributions from others, such as Pteridophyta by Underwood and Poaceae by Nash. Second, even though D. inaguensis is presently treated conspecifi- cally with D. floridensis, Britton was not the first (and would not be the last) to describe a new species and to disregard its closeness to his previously pub- lished species. Untold volumes could be amassed documenting the plethora of miscalculations by workers who erred in their taxonomic judgments in treating trivial geographical morphs as new biological taxa, or by those who described new taxa under misapplied names. Hence, Britton’s proposal of D. inaguensis as a new endemic species, with its type from the Bahamas, must be treated within that realm of taxonomic miscalculation. However, in no way should this reflect on his lack of familiarity with D. floridensis, which was based on a type from Florida. In checking for Thomas’ comments on Small’s footnote (which acknowledges Britton’s assistance on the treatment of Cyperaceae), we found none. Thus, we assert that Britton alone is the author of those 21 names, Small of four names, and Harper ez Small & Britt. of one name, as listed below. 14) Fimbristylis perpusilla Harper ez Small & Britt. 15) Rhynchospora curtissi Britt. 16) Rhynchospora earlei Britt. 17) Rhynchospora indianolensis Small 18) Rhynchospora microcephala arez radiata (Dewey) Small arez reniformis (Bailey) Small Cyperus careyi Britt. Cyperus floridanus Britt. Cyperus nashii Britt. wo Cyperus plankii Britt. Cyperus subuniflorus Britt. Dichromena floridensis Britt. Eleocharis macrostachya Britt. 1) 2) C ) ) ) ) Cyperus pollardit Britt. ) ) ) 0) a Eleocharis praticola Britt. 12) 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 Eleocharis raveneliu Britt. 13) Fimbristylis drummondi (Torr. & Gray) Britt. (Britt.) Britt. 19) Rhynchospora mizta Britt. 20) Rhynchospora perpleza Britt. 21) Rhynchospora planckiu Britt. 22) Rhynchospora prolifera Small 23) Rhynchospora small Britt. 24) Scleria curtisi Britt. 25) Scleria glabra (Chapman) Britt. 26) Stenophyllus coarctatus (Ell.) Britt. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes LX 27 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to: Dr. Larry E. Brown (SBSC) and Dr. John W. ‘Thieret (KNK) for their valuable comments on the manuscript; and to Dr. Rogers McVaugh (NCU), Ms. R. Schallert (US), and Dr. D.A. Simpson (K) for the literature used in this study. REFERENCES Baijnath, H. 1975. A study of Cyperus alternifolius L. sens. lat. (Cyper- aceae). Kew Bull. 30:521-526. Chapman, A.W. 1860. Fil S. U.S. New York, New York. Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1972. Aquat. Wetland Pl. S.W. U.S. Envi- ronmental Protection Agency, 16030 DNL 01/72. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC. Correll, D.S. & M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. ‘Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas. Farr, E.R., Leussink, J.-A. & Stafleu, F.A. (eds.). 1979. Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum), vol. III: Pegaeophyton-Zyzygium. Regnum Veg., vol. 102. Furtado, C.X. 1937. The nomenclature of types. Gardens Bull. Straits Settlement 9(3):285-309. Gale, S. 1944. Rhynchospora, section Eurhynchospora, in Canada, the United States and the West Indies. Rhodora 46:89-134, 159-197, 207-249, 255- 278. Greuter, W.(Ch. Ed. Comm.) 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomen- clature. Adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, Jul-Aug 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Hatch, S.L, K.N. Gandhi, & L.E. Brown. 1990. Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tezas. Texas Agr. Exper. Sta. Misc. Pub. no. 1655. Hooper, S.H. 1976. Cyperaceae. Pp. 655-701 in: C.J. Saldanha & D.I. Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Dist. Amerind Publishers, New Delhi, India. Johnston, M.C. 1990. The Vascular Plants of Texas, a List Updating the Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Published by the author, Austin, Texas. 28 PHYTOLOCGIA volume 72(1):17-30 January 1992 Kartesz, J.T. 1991. Syn. Checkl. Vasc. Fl. U.S. Canad. Greenl., ed. 2 (in press). Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. sd & K.N. Gandhi. 1989. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - 1. Phytologia 67:461-468. & __. «1990a. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - II. Phytologia 68:421-427. & ____. «1990b. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - III. Phytologia 69:129-137. _ & OO ,s«i1990c. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - IV. Phytologia 69:301-312. & _____. 1991a. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - V. Phytologia 70:194-208. —_ & ,s«d1991b. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - VI. Phytologia 71:58-65. & __.«1991c. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - VII. Phytologia 71:87-100. _ & _,s«1991d. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - VIII. Phytologia 71:269-280. & ______. 199le. Varietal autonyms of nontypical subspecies — validly published combinations under today’s Code. Taxon 40:308-310. —______ & R. Kartesz. 1980. Syn. Checkl. Vasc. Fl. U.S. Canad. Greenl. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Kern, J.H. 1974. Fl. Malesiana. I. 7(3): Cyperaceae. Noordhoff International Publishing, Leyden, The Netherlands. Koyama, T. 1962. The genus Scirpus Linn.: some North American aphylloid species. Canad. J. Bot. 40:913-937. . 1979. Cyperaceae. Pp. 220-320 in: R.A. Howard, Fil. Lesser An- tilles, vol. 3: Monocotyledoneae. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard Univer- sity, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. Kuekenthal, G. 1936. Cyperaceae-Scirpoideae-Cypereae. Pp. 1-671 in: A. Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV. 20, Heft 101. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes 1X 29 Lanjouw J. (Ch. Ed. Comm.) 1956. International Code of Botanical Nomen- clature. Adopted by the Eighth International Congress, Paris, July 1954. Regnum Veg. 8. _______.. 1961. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Adopted by the Ninth International Congress, Montreal, August 1959. Regnum Veg. 23. Linnaeus, C. 1753. Sp. Pl., 2 vols. Stockholm, Sweden. Facsimile edition issued by the Ray Society. London, U.K. _______. 1762-63. Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2 vols. Stockholm, Sweden. Small, J.K. 1903. Fl. S.E. U.S. Published by the author, New York, New York. Soil Conservation Service. 1982. National List Sci. Pl. Names, vols. 1 & 2. USDA, SCS-TP 159. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Stafleu, F.A.(Ch. Ed. Comm.) 1972. International Code of Botanical Nomen- clature. Adopted by the Eleventh International Congress, Leningrad, August 1969. Regnum Veg. 82. —______ & R.S. Cowan. 1979. TL-2 Tazonomic Literature 2: H-Le. Regnum Veg. 98. Svenson, H.K. 1937. Monographic studies in the genus Eleocharis. IV. Rhodora 39:210-231, 236-273. . 1939. Monographic studies in the genus Eleocharis. V. Rhodora 41:43-77. 1957. N. Amer. Fl. 18(9): Scirpeae (Poales; Cyperaceae). The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. Thomas, W.W. 1984. The systematics of Rhynchospora section Dichromena. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 37:1-116. Tucker, G.C. 1983. The taxonomy of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in Costa Rica and Panama. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 2:1-85. Tutin, T.G., V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, & D.A. Webb. 1980. Fl. Europaea, vol. 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, U.K. Voss, E.G. 1972. Michigan Fl., part I: Gymnosperms and Monocots. Bull. Cranebook Inst. Sci., vol. 55. 30 Pn TOL Ona A volume 72(1):17-30 January 1992 _______ (Ch. Ed. Comm.). 1983. International Code of Botanical Nomencla- ture. Adopted by the Thirteenth International Congress, Sydney, August 1981. Regnum Veg. 111. Wilson, K.L. 1990. Typification and application of Scirpus geniculatus L. Cyperaceae Newslett. 7:6-8. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):31-33. A NEW SPECIES OF VERBESINA (ASTERACEAE, HELIANTHEAE) FROM JALISCO, MEXICO B.L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 ABSTRACT A new species, Verbesina bolanosana B. Turner, is described from near Bolanos, Jalisco. It is closely related to V. longifolia A. Gray and V. corral-diaz1t B. Turner but differs from both in having markedly ovate leaves with cordate bases. A map showing the distribution of these several species is included. KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Heliantheae, Verbesina, México Routine identification of Mexican Asteraceae has revealed the following novelty. Verbesina bolanosana B. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Jalisco: carretera Huejuquilla-Bolanos, bosque de encino, 2150 m, without date, Dario Narvaes y Rene L. 23094 (HOLOTYPE: TEX!; Isotype: GUADA). Verbesinae corral-diazw B. Turner similis sed differt foliis 2.5- 4.0 plo longioribus quam latioribus ovatis viridisque (vs. 4-8 plo longioribus quam latioribus bicoloribus lanceolatisque) et capitulis majoribus. Suffruticose stiffly erect perennial herbs to 80 cm high. Stems brownish, moderately puberulent. Leaves alternate, mostly 8-13 cm long, 2.5-4.0 cm wide; petioles 1-3 mm long; blades ovate, pinnately nervate, subcordate at the base, the margins remotely serrulate to nearly entire, the lower surfaces moderately, but uniformly, puberulent, more so along the veins. Heads large, terminal, hemispheric, 6-7 cm across the expanded rays, the peduncles (from uppermost reduced leaves) 1-3 cm long. Involucre 10-15 mm high, 3-4 seriate, 31 32 PHY TOLOGIA volume 72(1):31-33 January 1992 l} Ocorral-diazii @bolanosana @ longifolia Distribution of Yerbesina species. Turner: New species of Verbesina from Jalisco 33 the outer bracts foliaceous, loose and spreading, longer than the inner bracts. Pales lanceolate, acute, pubescent, somewhat shorter than the florets. Ray florets 11-21, neuter, the ligules yellow, ca. 25 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide. Disk florets numerous, the corollas yellow, ca. 7 mm long, markedly pubescent, especially below, the tube ca. 1 mm long, the lobes ca. 1 mm long; achenes (immature) ca. 5 mm long, glabrous, epappose. Verbesina bolanosana is closely related to V. longifolia A. Gray and V. corral-diazii B. Turner, having the general leaf shape of the latter but the vestiture of the former. It differs from both in having ovate leaves (vs. lance- olate) with cordate bases. A map showing the distribution of these several taxa is shown in Fig. 1, which is modified from that of Turner (1984; Phytolo- gia 55:501). Recent collections at the type locality of V. corral-diaziz by Jose Panero (pers. comm.) show that the species is a very localized endemic, the population concerned differing markedly from those of both V. longifolia and V. bolanosana. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis and to him and Jose Panero for reviewing the manuscript. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):34-36. A NEW SPECIES OF LOBELIA (CAMPANULACEAE) FROM OAXACA, MEXICO B.L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 ABSTRACT Lobelia macdonaldii B. Turner, a new species from Cerro Quiexo- bra, Oaxaca, México is described and illustrated. It apparently belongs to the section Holopogon, subsect. Cryptostemon, where it appears to have no close relatives. KEY WORDS: Lobelia, Campanulaceae, México Identification of plants collected on the remote and botanically poorly ex- plored Cerro Quiexobra, Oaxaca, by Dr. Andrew McDonald has revealed the following novelty. Lobelia macdonaldii B. Turner, sp. nov. Fig. 1. TYPE: MEXICO. Oax- aca: Mpio. Miahuatlan, 35 km ESE of Miahuatlan, 5 km NE of Santo Domingo Ozolotepec, Cerro Quiexobra; “subalpine glades surrounded by pine forest and in mountain saddles.”, 3500-3700 m, 3 Oct 1990, Andrew McDonald 2996 (HOLOTYPE: TEX; Isotype: MEXU). Lobeliae jaliscenst McVaugh similis sed plantis grossioribus, foliis plerumque basalibus late oblanceolatis vel elliptici-lanceolatis, et caulibus dense hirsutis differt. Perennial hispidulous herbs 4-10 cm high. Leaves mostly basal, the 1-3 cauline leaves lanceolate elliptic to oblanceolate, 2-3 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, sessile, irregularly serrate to nearly entire, the basal leaves similar but some- what longer (3-5 cm). Stems short-hispidulous throughout, arising from short, thick, rhizomes. Inflorescences seemingly scapose, or arising from short erect stems 1-3 cm long, the flowers arranged 3-10 in mostly secund racemes, the 34 Turner: New species of Lobelia from Oaxaca 30 Fig. 1. From holotype: L. macdonaldii (habit); flower (inset). 36 PH YAO: OvG A volume 72(1):34-36 January 1992 pedicels mostly 2-5 mm long. Calyx hispidulous, ca. 7 mm high (including hy- panthium), the lobes lanceolate, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide at midlength, the margins with 1-3 small teeth, rarely not. Corollas (including hypanthium) bilabiate, 10-11 mm long, the corolla tube blue, ca. 4 mm long, slit dorsally to the base, markedly fenestrate, the 2 dorsal petals barely coherent at the apex of the tube, the lobes ca. 4 mm long, the 3 ventral petals with lobes 5-7 mm long. Stamens (at anthesis) ca. 4 mm long, the filaments pubescent, ca. 2.5 mm long, the anthers markedly unequal, the smaller set ca. 1 mm long, the larger set ca. 2 mm long, all of these ca. equally pubescent with white, loosely strigilose hairs, more densely so at their apices. Seeds (slightly immature) ca. 0.8 mm long, glabrous, smooth. The species appears to belong to the subgenus Lagotis, section Holopogon, subsection Cryptostemon (sensu Wimmer 1943: in A. Engler’s Das Pflanzen- reich. IV. 2766. Tier 1. Heft 106) where it appears to have no close relatives, although I have compared the species to Lobelia jaliscensis McVaugh. It is a pleasure to name this species for the only known collector, Dr. Andrew McDonald, who has been the first worker to assemble any large series of plants from the subalpine region of Cerro Quiexobra, many of these having been described as new to Science. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis, and to him and Andrew McDonald for reviewing the manuscript. My son, Robert Turner, provided the illustration. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):37-39. STUDIES ON THE GENUS BIDENS L. (COMPOSITAE) FROM THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE. 1. A NEW NAME AND A NEW COMBINATION FROM WEST TROPICAL AFRICA T.G.J. Rayner Department of Botany, Plant Science Laboratories, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 221, Reading, RG6 2AS, U.K. ABSTRACT A new name and a new combination are provided for two species of African Compositae: Bidens mannii nom. nov. (= Verbesina mon- ticola Hook. f.) and Bidens barteri comb. nov. (= Coreopsis barteri Oliver & Hiern). Lectotypes are selected for both names. KEY WORDS: Bidens, Coreopsis, Verbesina, Compositae, taxon- omy, Africa This is the first in a series of papers dealing with the taxonomy of the genus Bidens L. from the Eastern hemisphere. Subsequent papers will include notes on typifications of African names, an account of the genus for the Flora of Tropical East Africa, and will culminate in a revision of Bidens for the whole of the Old World. INTRODUCTION The inclusion of African Coreopsis L. within Bidens was first proposed by Wild (1967). He considered the main distinction used by Sherff (1937) to segregate these two genera in Africa (the presence in Coreopsis and absence in Bidens of lateral wings on the cypselas) as unsatisfactory since it would lead to the separation of “obviously closely related species.” This position has been followed by Mesfin Tadesse (1984) and Lisowski (1990). My own work (ined.) has also shown that African Bidens and Coreopsis are congeneric. The above authors have already moved many African Coreopsis to Bidens, however the following two transfers are still required. 37 38 Pa YE OL OG TA volume 72(1):37-39 January 1992 Bidens mannii T.G.J. Rayner, nom. nov. Replaced synonym: Verbesina monticola Hook. f., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7:200. 1864. TYPE: CAMEROON. Cameroons mountains, 6 Nov. 1862, Gustav Mann 1922 (LECTOTYPE [here selected]: K; Isolectotypes: GH [2 sheets], W). Coreopsis monticola (Hook. f.) Oliver & Hiern in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3:390. 1877. Hooker’s protologue for Verbesina monticola (1864) was drawn from the Gustav Mann nos. 1219 and 1922 at K, both formerly in Hooker’s own herbar- ium. Duplicates of the latter collection are housed at GH and W, but these bear no indications that they were seen by Hooker, and so are not consid- ered for selection as lectotypes. Sherff (1936) stated that the “type” of this name was the specimen of Mann 1922 at K, with “cotypes” at B and GH. At no point does he mention the syntype Mann 1219. This implies to me that he thought that Mann 1922 at K was the holotype of this taxon, and thus | consider that he did not choose a lectotype. The sheets of Mann 1922and 1219 at K are of similar quality, both bearing numerous leaves and capitula at various stages of development, including some with mature cypselas, and were probably used equally by Hooker in drawing his diagnosis and description. I have therefore decided to choose Mann 1922 as the lectotype because of the existence of duplicates of this collection at GH and W. The name Bidens mannii, chosen in honour of the collector of the type specimen, is necessitated by the prior existence of the validly published name Bidens monticola Poeppig (1843). Bidens barteri (Oliver & Hiern) T.G.J. Rayner, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Coreopsis barteri Oliver & Hiern in Oliver, Fil. Trop. Afr. 3:390. 1877. TYPE: WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. on the Niger, W.B. Bazkie s.n. (LECTOTYPE [here selected]: K). Oliver & Hiern (1877) cited two collections in their protologue: Charles Barter 870 and W.B. Baikie s.n. Both syntypes are at Kew. Sherff (1936), following his usual practice of choosing the first cited specimen as the type, selected Barter 870. As a mechanical method of selection this is contrary to Article 8.1 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al. 1988) and this choice may therefore be superseded. In choosing a new lectotype I have taken into account the following factors. Both specimens closely fit Oliver & Hiern’s original description and clearly belong to the one taxon. The Baikie specimen, however, possesses flowering and fruiting capitula with mature cypselas, in contrast to Barter 870 which only possesses a few insect damaged flowering heads. As mature fruit are of critical importance in differentiating between Bidens barteri and its nearest relatives I have chosen the Baikie specimen as the lectotype. Rayner: Studies of Eastern Hemisphere Bidens 39 BIBLIOGRAPHY Greuter, W., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. Grolle, D.L. Hawksworth, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, F.A. Stafleu, E.G. Voss, & J. McNeill. 1988. Jnternational Code of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. 328 pp. Hooker, J.D. 1864. On the plants of the temperate regions of the Cameroons mountains and islands in the Bight of Benin; collected by Mr. Gustav Mann, Government Botanist. J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7:171-240. Lisowski, S. 1990. Contribution a l’étude des Astéracées d’Afrique centrale. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 60:169-179. Mesfin Tadesse. 1984. The genus Bidens (Compositae) in NE tropical Africa. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 24(1). 138 pp. Oliver, D. & W.P. Hiern. 1877. Compositae. Jn D. Oliver, ed., Flora of Tropical Africa 3:253-461. L. Reeve & Co., London, U.K. Poeppig, E.F. 1843. Nova Genera ac Species Plantarum 3:33-52. Leipzig, Germany. Sherff, E.E. 1936. Revision of the genus Coreopsis. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11:277-475. Sherff, E.E. 1937. The genus Bidens. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 16:1- 709. Wild, H. 1967. The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area, 1. Kirkia 6:1-62. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):40-41. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS FOR FIVE CHIHUAHUAN SPECIES OF QUERCUS (FAGACEAE) Sergio Rodriguez T. & Richard Spellenberg Dept. of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Chromosome numbers determined from mitoses in root tips of sprout- ed acorns are reported for Quercus basaseachicensis Muller, Q. chi- huahuensis Trel., Q. depressipes Trel., Q. knoblochit Muller, and Q. rugosa Neé. All are 2n = 24, consistent with most others reported for this genus. KEY WORDS: Quercus, Fagaceae, México, chromosome numbers As part of the requirements for a class in cytogenetics offered by Dr. Max Dunford, chromosome numbers were determined for five oak species by S.R.T. Because oak chromosome numbers are so uniform, we do not plan to make further determinations in the foreseeable future. Therefore, we make avail- able these counts. All are first reports for the species, and prior to now, no reports have been published for species of Mexican groups of Quercus. The following reports include one black oak (Q. knoblochiz) and four white oaks, one narrow endemic (Q. basaseachicensis), two shrubs, the latter of which is extensively rhizomatous (Q. basaseachicensis and Q. depressipes), and three trees. Therefore, consistent with other reports of chromosome number, there is no indication that chromosome number varies according to habit. Freshly collected acorns were germinated at room temperature in moist peatmoss. Root tips were pretreated in 0.3% colchicine for 2 hrs, fixed in 100% ethanol and glacial acetic acid (3:1, v:v) for 24 hrs, and were stored in 70% ethanol under refrigeration. Root tips were squashed and stained in acetocarmine, and observed at 1000 with phase contrast. Place of deposition of voucher specimens are cited below; each at NMC has associated with it a drawing of the chromosomes prepared with the aid of a camera lucida. The chromosome number of 2n = 24 is consistent with all but a few of the sev- eral dozen that have been reported and listed in indices of plant chromosome numbers. 40 Rodriguez & Spellenberg: Chromosome numbers of Chihuahuan Quercus 41 Quercus basaseachicensis Muller. 2n = 24. MEXICO. Chihuahua: Mcpo. Ocampo, Parque Nacional de la Cascada de Basaseachic, 108°12’30”W, 28°10'N, 1980 m, 26 Sep 1991, Spellenberg, Boecklen, & Gregory 10924 (CIIDIR,MEXU,NMC). Four plants make up the collection distributed under this number, twigs from different individuals identified by the letters A-D; the count was determined from the plant marked “A,” which closely resembles an isotype from TEX. Quercus chihuahuensis Trel. 2n = 24. MEXICO. Chihuahua: Mcpo. Guer- rero, 16 km E of Cuauhtemoc, 106°45’W, 28°24’N, 1970 m, 28 Sep 1991, Spellenberg, Boecklen, & Gregory 10930 (NMC). Quercus depressipes Trel. 2n = 24. MEXICO. Chihuahua: Mcpo. Guerrero, 13 km E of Tomochic, ca. 1 km S of highway, 107°47’W, 28°23’N, 2120 m, 23 Sep1991, Spellenberg, Boecklen, & Gregory 10897(CAS,MEXU,NMC). Quercus knoblochiu Muller. 2n = 24. MEXICO. Chihuahua: Mcpo. Ocampo, 6.4 km W of Ocampo at km 33 on road to Moris, 108°22/W, 28°11'N, 2070-2200 m, 26 Sep 1991, Spellenberg, Boecklen, & Gregory 10914 (CAS, CIIDIR,IBUG,MEXU,NMC,NY). This collection is a long series doc- umenting variation in this population, individual plants identified by numbers; the count was made from plant marked “18” among the twigs distributed in this collection. All herbaria citea will receive samples of number 18, in addition to other twigs. Quercus rugosa Neé. 2n = 24. MEXICO. Chihuahua: Mcpo. Ocampo, ca. 8 km by winding road E of Ocampo, steep W facing slope, 108°19’W, 25°11'N, 2060 m, 26 Sep 1991, Spellenberg, Boecklen, & Gregory 10923 (NMC). Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):42-44. SCHINUS TEREBINTHIFOLIUS (ANACARDIACEAE) IN TEXAS David E. Lemke Department of Biology, Southwest Texas State University, San Marcos, ‘Texas 78666 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A description of Schinus terebinthifolius and a key to the three species of Schinus known to be naturalized in Texas are provided to update the treatment of the genus in Correll & Johnston’s (1970) Man- ual of the Vascular Plants of Tezas. KEY WORDS: Schinus, Anacardiaceae, Texas, floristics Schinus L. comprises 27 species of shrubs and small trees native to trop- ical America (Barkley 1944). Two of the South American species, S. molle L. (California pepper-tree, Peruvian mastic-tree) and S. terebinthifolius Raddi (Brazilian pepper-tree), have been widely introduced as ornamentals in tropi- cal and subtropical regions, often escaping and becoming naturalized. Correll & Johnston (1970) reported two species of Schinus, S. molle and S. longifolius (Lindl.) Speg. & Girola, as naturalized in south Texas. Although S. terebinthifolius has been sporadically collected from the same area over the last 45 years, it was not included in their treatment of the genus. The present paper provides a description of S. terebinthifolius and a key to the three species naturalized in Texas to update the treatment of Correll & Johnston (1970). Key to the Species of Schinus Naturalized in Texas 1. Leaves ‘simple; stems spinescent. ...°. 2... 52 eee 1. S. longifolius 1. Leaves pinnately compound; stems not spinescent. ................-- (2) 2. Leaflets 15-40, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. .......... 2. S. molle 2. Leaflets 5-9, narrowly ovate to elliptic. ....... 3. S. terebinthifolius 42 Lemke: Schinus terebinthifolius in Texas 43 lL. Schinus longifolius (Lindl.) Speg. & Girola~A native of Argentina and Brazil, S. longifolius is distinctive among the cultivated species of Schi- nus by its simple leaves and spinescent branches. The species was re- ported by Correll & Johnston (1970) to be naturalized in south Texas. 2. Schinus molle L.-This species, reported by Correll & Johnston (1970) to be a volunteer in the Brownsville area (Cameron Co.), has also been collected from Zapata and Webb counties. 3. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi-Shrubs or small trees to 5 m high with a low spreading crown; bark smooth initially, later becoming furrowed and slightly scaly; leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 10.-17 cm long, 8-15 cm broad; leaflets (5-)7(-9), the lateral ones sessile or subsessile, the terminal one tapered to a winged petiolule, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 3.5-10. cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm broad, rounded to cuneate and slightly asymmetrical at the base, acute at the apex, at the margins distinctly or indistinctly ser- rate; petioles and rachises reddish above, green below, the rachis winged distally; inflorescences axillary in the upper leaves, paniculate, 3-10 cm long, the branches minutely pubescent; flowers small, perfect or rarely staminate; sepals 5, green, triangular, 0.5 mm long; petals 5, yellowish- white, narrowly ovate to obovate, 2 mm long, | mm wide; stamens 10; ovary sessile, surrounded by a yellowish nectar disk; fruits globose, red, 3.5-5.0 mm in diameter. Schinus terebinthifolius has been sporadically collected over the past 45 years from Cameron and Hidalgo counties, where it occurs both in cultiva- tion and naturalized along the banks of several resacas. In November, 1991, I collected the species in the Copano Cove subdivision west of the city of Rockport (Aransas Co.), approximately 220 km north of the closest South Texas locality. The well established population of more than 100 individuals was growing in association with Prosopis glandulosa Torr., Berberis trifolio- lata Moric., Condalia hookeri M.C. Johnston, Zanthorylum fagara (L.) Sarg., Opuntia engelmanni Engelm., Forestiera angustifolia Torr., and Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Most of the Texas specimens of Schinus terebinthifolius are referable to var. raddianus Engl., characterized by glabrate stems and leaflets, the leaflets mostly 3-7 in number, the terminal leaflet noticeably larger than the laterals. One specimen from Cameron Co. is referable to var. rhoifolius (Mart.) Engl., characterized by an enlarged terminal leaflet but with the young branchlets, petioles, rachises, and midvein and margins of the leaflets short-pilose. 4 PHY 2-0 60:64 L4 volume 72(1):42-44 January 1992 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is extended to Lynn Marshall, for calling to my attention the existence of the Aransas Co. population of Schinus terebinthifolius, and to Guy Nesom and Mark Bierner, for their critical reviews of the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Barkley, F.A. 1944. Schinus L. Brittonia 5:160-198. Correll, D.S. & M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Teras. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas. 1881 pp. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):45-47. CAYRATIA JAPONICA (VITACEAE) AND PAEDERIA FOETIDA (RUBIACEAE) ADVENTIVE IN TEXAS Larry E. Brown Spring Branch Science Center Herbarium, 8856 Westview Drive, Houston, Texas 77055 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnepain (Vitaceae) and Paederia foet- ida L. (Rubiaceae) have been found as adventive vines in Houston, Texas. A key is provided to distinguish P. foetida from P. cruddastana Prain, the two adventive species in the United States. KEY WORDS: Cayratia japonica, Paederia foetida, Paederia crud- dasiana, Paederia scandens, vines, Vitaceae, Rubiaceae, Texas In 1990 Mr. and Mrs. Herman Greiner invited Dr. John Tveten to their Houston home to view an unknown rampant vine. Tveten brought speci- mens of the vine to the SBSC herbarium. I identified it as Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnepain (Stewart 1958). Shinners (1964) reported this Asiatic vine new to North America from St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. MacRoberts (1989) reported it from four additional eastern Louisiana parishes. The present collection is apparently the first in Texas. The Greiners communicated to Tveten that this vine has been on their property for about 37 years and is climbing into the trees and shrubs and would cover them up if not periodically pulled down. Tveten indicated (pers. comm.) that the flowers are small, salmon colored, and seemed to be falling off rather than setting fruit. Specimens collected: UNITED STATES. Texas: Harris Co., a rampant vine at 6644 Lindy Lane, SE Houston, 17 Sep 1990, John Tveten s.n. (SBSC, duplicates to be distributed to ASTC,SMU,TAES, and TEX). In the fall of 1989, Lynn Lowrey brought a flowering vine to the herbarium for identification. The flowers were rubiaceous and keyed out to the genus Paederia (Stewart 1958). After consulting a number of Asian floristic manuals, I tentatively identified the collection as P. scandens (Lour.) Merrill. To confirm 45 46 PHY TOLo Gg iA volume 72(1):45-47 January 1992 my identification, | borrowed some sheets from US, MO, and USF. Christian Puff discovered my loan from MO in Herbarium News and informed me of his 1991 revision of the genus in which the names P. scandens and P. foetida refer to the same species. The following key, derived from the Puff revision, will serve to distinguish the two adventive species in the United States. 1. Fruits 6-11 mm wide, elliptic to broadly ovate, laterally compressed; pyrenes winged, separating from a filiform carpophore. P. cruddasiana 1. Fruits 4-6 mm wide, globose, not compressed; pyrenes not winged, car- pophore absent. c..c.000.0ecae oad cs aun enn ss (pee eee P. foetida Paederia cruddasiana Prain ssp. cruddasiana is adventive in Dade Co., Florida and is apparently the species illustrated on page 1261 in Small’s 1933 Man. SE Flora. Paederia foetida L. is adventive in Pasco, Hernando, and Volusia cos., Florida; Iberia Parish, Louisiana; and Harris Co., Texas. Specimens collected: UNITED STATES. ‘Texas: Harris Co., adventive vine climbing into trees at the end of Sage Rd. where it dead ends at Buffalo Bayou, N of Woodway Street, Houston, 8 Oct 1989, Lowrey s.n. and 14 Oct 1989, Brown 14219 (SBSC, duplicates to be distributed to ASTC,SMU,TAES, and TEX). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are extended to Charles D. Peterson (SBSC) and Stanley D. Jones (TAES) for their helpful comments on the paper, to K.N. Gandhi (NCU) and Richard P. Wunderlin (USF) for providing some literature on Paederia in Asia and for their discussions regarding Paederiza in the United States. I am grateful to the curators of US,MO, and USF for the loan of specimens, and to Christian Puff (WU) for informing me of his revision of the genus. I also thank Leo Cavazos, Houston Community College librarian, for his efforts in securing the loan of Puff’s revision from the Missouri Botanical Garden library. LITERATURE MacRoberts, D.T. 1989. A documented checklist and atlas of the vascular flora of Louisiana, Fagaceae to Zygophyllaceae. Bulletin Museum of Life Sciences 9:537-756. Brown: Cayratia japonica and Paederta foetida in Texas 47 Puff, C. 1991. Revision of the genus Paederia L. (Rubiaceae-Paederieae) in Asia. Opera Bot. Belg. 3:207-289. Puff, C. 1991. Revision of the genus Paederia L. (Rubiaceae-Paederieae) in Africa and Madagascar. Opera Bot. Belg. 3:293-322. Puff, C. 1991. Revision of the genus Paederia L. (Rubiaceae-Paederieae) in America. Opera Bot. Belg. 3:325-333. Shinners, L.H. 1964. Cayratia japonica (Vitaceae) in southeastern Louisiana, new to the United States. Sida 1:384. Steward, A.N. 1958. Manual of the Vascular Plants of the lower Yangtze Valley China. Oregon State College. Corvallis, Oregon. Thomas, R.D. & J.W. McCoy. 1986. Paederia foetida L., Coir lacryma-jobi L., and Hedychium coronatum Koenig from Iberia Parish, Louisiana. Phytologia 61:142. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):48-54. GYNODIOECY, ENDANGERMENT, AND STATUS OF EREMALCHE KERNENSIS (MALVACEAE) David M. Bates L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14953-4301 U.S.A. ABSTRACT The relationships and status of Eremalche kernensis C. Wolf, an an- nual herb endemic of California, are considered. The new combination E. parryi (E. Greene) E. Greene ssp. kernensis (C. Wolf) D. Bates is made, and gynodioecy and endangerment of the subspecies is discussed. A revised description of E. parryi is given. KEY WORDS: Malvaceae, Eremalche, gynodioecy, nomenclature, endangerment The genus Eremalche was established by E.L. Greene (1906) to include three annual malvaceous species of the western United States and northwest- ern Mexico. Two species, E. rotundifolia (A. Gray) E. Greene and E. ezilis (A. Gray) E. Greene, are widespread in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts and somewhat beyond; the third species, E. parryi (E. Greene) E. Greene, occurs in central California in the foothills and valleys of the inner coast ranges and eastward to the Tehachapi Mountains and southern Sierra Nevada. A fourth species, 2. kernensis C. Wolf, was described in 1938 from the southern San Joaquin Valley of California. This note summarizes the principal points concerning the relationships of Eremalche ezilis, E. parryi, and E. kernensis, with a focus on E. kernensis. Eremalche rotundifolia (Basionym: Malvastrum rotundifolium A. Gray), the lectotype species selected by Wiggins (1951), stands apart from the other taxa of the genus and is not further considered here. In describing Eremalche kernensis, Wolf (1938) indicated that the species was narrowly endemic to Kern County, giving its range as the “Temblor Valley from near McKittrick to near Buttonwillow, apparently confined to an area a few miles wide and about fifteen miles in extent.” Wolf noted morphological 48 Bates: Gynodioecy, endangerment, status of Kremalche kernensis 49 similarities with both £. exis and E. parry:. He distinguished E. kernensis from E&. ezilis by its larger flowers and presumably paler carpel color, and from E. parryi by pubescence, floral, and carpel characters, perhaps most notably its smaller white to pale lavender corollas. Kearney (1956) observed that Eremalche erilis, E. parryi, and E. kernensis “seem to intergrade” and suggested that £. kernensis might have originated as a hybrid between E. parryiand FE. ezilis, a conclusion probably reinforced by the fact that the geographical range of E£. kernensis lies more or less between that of the putative parents. In reference to collections of E. kernensis made by E.C. Twisselmann in the Temblor Valley, Kearney stated that they “show various combinations of the characters of FE. parryi, E. erilis, and E. kernensis. Some of these are probably edaphic variants, as the habitat varied from dry sandy situations to clay-loam and more or less saline flats.” In 1961, while a graduate student at the University of California, Los An- geles, I made my first foray to the Buttonwillow and McKittrick region to collect Eremalche kernensis. Two impressions remain: the first. was of the extreme aridity of the region; the second was the realization that E. kernensis is gynodioecious and that femaleness is linked to a reduction in corolla size. Gynodioecy in E. kernensis apparently has not been noted otherwise, except by Dean Taylor (pers. comm.), who has collected and made observations on the distribution, ecology, and morphology of E. kernensis and E. parryi. His field studies and my own, coupled with the observations of Twisselmann (1967), Hoover (1970), and Leonelli (1986), have also served to extend the range of F. kernensis westward from the type locality through the Temblor Mountains to the Carrizo Plain in San Luis Obispo County. Morphological analyses of Eremalche by Leonelli (1986), my unpublished observations, and those of Taylor, reveal little overlap in character measure- ments between E. kernensis and E. ezilis. Eremalche ezilis differs from £. kernensis (and EF. parryzin the broader sense) in its essentially prostrate habit; smaller, more rounded leaves; and uniformly small bisexual flowers, which are borne essentially within the leaves. Petal length measurements of EF. exihs and &. kernensis overlap only when the female flowers, not the bisexual flow- ers, of E. kernensis are used in the comparison. Furthermore, I have seen no specimens that would confirm the reports of EF. ezilis in western Kern County (Twisselmann 1967) or San Luis Obispo County (Hoover 1970), localities that would presumably foster hybridization between E. exilis and E. parryi. | re- gard EL. ezilis as a Mojave and Sonoran desert species, not directly involved in the evolution of F. kernensis. The morphological and geographical patterning of Eremalche kernensis and E. parryi, in contrast to that of E. kernensis and EL. ezilis, suggest a closer relationship. In vegetative characters, E. kernensis intergrades with the less robust plants of E. parryi. Individuals of E. kernensis with bisexual flowers tend to have smaller epicalyx bracts, calyces, and petals than EF. parryz, but 50 Poliny OW Ou A volume 72(1):48-d4 January 1992 proportionately the flowers are similar. Individuals of L. kernenszs with female flowers have epicalyx bracts and calyces of essentially the same size as those of I. kernensis with bisexual flowers, but the petals are proportionately shorter and often barely exceed the calyx. Eremalche parryi and female plants of L. kernensis essentially share carpel numbers, 14 to 22 and 13 to 19, respectively; whereas, hermaphroditic E. kernensis has 9 to 13 carpels. Viewed geographically, populations of plants with bisexual flowers, rela- tively large nrauve corollas, and numerous carpels, 2.e., those typical of Ere- malche parryi, are found from Alameda County in the San Francisco Bay area, southward to San Luis Obispo County and beyond; however, about the Carrizo Plain and at mid-elevations of the Temblor Mountains, gynodioecious popula- tions with mauve corollas become increasingly common. Eastward and within what was initially considered the range of EF. kernensis, gynodioecious pop- ulations are exclusive and white corollas are dominant. In these populations both female and bisexual flowers tend to have smaller flowers than the plants in the adjacent foothills. The foregoing data suggest to me, as others have implied (Kearney 1956; Twisselmann 1967; lloover 1970; Leonelli 1986), that Hremalche kernensis aud £. parryi are elements of a single species complex, in which the eco- geographically defined pattern of morphological and sexual expression is best represented at the subspecific level. A revised description of £. parryi sum- marizing this conclusion follows. Eremalche parryi (E. Greene) E. Greene Annuals, leader more or less erect, 2-50 cm tall, unbranched or with as- cending branches from the base, densely pubescent distally, hairs stellate and usually also 1-3 armed, arms to 2 mm long. Leaves mostly 2-5 cm wide, cleft to beyond the middle, lobes toothed to subcleft apically. Flowers generally exceeding the leaves, pedicels mostly 1-8 cm long, elongating in fruit; epicalyx bracts linear, (2.5-)4.0-10.(-15) min long; calyx 4.5-13 mm long, lobes 3.2-11 mm long, 1.5-4.0 mm wide; petals (5.5-)6.U-20.(-25) mm long, white or pale to deep mauve; staminal column included. Mericarps 9-22, 1.5-1.8 min high, more or less wedge shaped in cross section, brownish to blackish, margins rounded, cushionlike, radially corrugated. 2n = 2U. Kremalche parry: (E. Greene) E. Greene ssp. parryz. BASIONYM: Mal- vastrum parryz E. Greene, Flora Franciscana 108. 1891. Sphaeralcea parryi (I. Greene) Jepson, Manual Fl. Pl. Cahf. 633. 1925. TYPE: U.S.A. California: Monterey County, Salinas Valley, Apr 1888, C.C. Parry s.n. (LECTOTYPE: ND-G 031238). In describing Malvastrum parryt, Greene cited four specimens without designating the type. In Bates: Gynodivecy, endangerment, status of Eremalche kernensis 51 addition to the lectotype, chosen here, the collection of J.G. Lemmon (s.n.) taken in 1887 from San Luis Obispo County (ND-G 031240) is ssp. parry?; however, the Parry (s.n.) 1883 collection from Tulare (ND-G 031239) has floral measurements within the range of male fertile forms of ssp. kernensis but a carpel number (15) in the range of ssp. parry. On the basis of the latter character expression it is retained in ssp. par- ryt. The fourth specimen, State Survey 542 (UC) taken in 1861 from about Nacimiento River, a region within the range of ssp. parryi was not examined. Plants with bisexual flowers. Flowering pedicels generally 2-8 cm long; epi- calyx bracts 7.0-10.(-15) mm long; calyx 10-14 mm long, lobes 8.0-11 mm long, 2.5-4.0 mm wide; petals 15-25 mm long, mauve; mericarps 14-22. Alameda to Ventura and Kern counties: Interior valleys and foothills, 100-1300 m, inner and outer south coast ranges, central and southern Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountain area, and western Transverse Ranges. Eremalche parryi (E. Greene) E. Greene ssp. kernensis (C. Wolf) D. Bates, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Eremalche kernensis C. Wolf, Occas. Pap. Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard., ser. 1, 2:66. 1938. Alalvastrum kernensis (C. Wolf) Munz, Aliso 4:93. 1958. TYPE: U.S.A. California: Kern County, Temblor Valley, 7 mi. northwest of McKittrick, on Lost Hills Road, 1 Apr 1937, C.B. Wolf 8413 (RSA 18629). Plants with either bisexual or female flowers. Flowering pedicels generally 1-5 cm long. Bisexual flowers: epicalyx bracts (3-)4-7(-10) mm long; calyx 5-9(-10) mm long, lobes 3.5-7.0(-8.0) mm long, 1.7-3.0(-3.5) mm wide; petals white or mauve, 8.0-20.(-25) mm long; mericarps 9-13. Female flowers: epi- calyx bracts (2.5-)4.0-6.0(-8.0) mm long; calyx 4.5-7.5(-10.) mm long, lobes 3.2-6.5(-8.0) mm long, 1.5-2.5(-3.5) mm wide; petals white or mauve, 5.5-13. min long; mericarps 13-19. San Luis Obispo and Kern counties: Eroded hill- sides, alkali flats, 100-1000 m, southern inner coast ranges and southern San Joaquin Valley. In addition to questions concerning its relationship to other taxa of Kre- malche and its taxonomic status, /. parryzssp. kernensis is of interest because of its sexual expression and because it is perceived to be endangered. The majority of Malvaceae have hermaphroditic flowers, but there are ex- ceptions. The Asiatic Kydia calycina Roxb., for example, is apparently mo- noecious. Dioecy characterizes species in such disparate genera as Napaea, Sida, Cienfuegosia, and those of the New Zealand and Australian Plagianthus alliance (Bates 1968; Fryxell 1979; Lander 1985). The Australian Lawrencta glomerata Hook. is polygamodioecious (Lander 1985). Gynodioecy prevails 52 Pay TE Orn ee Gries volume 72(1):48-54 January 1992 in the North American Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michaux) A. Gray and Sidal- cea malvaeflora (DC.) A. Gray ez Benth., among others, and in the Mexican Crenfuegosza rosea Fryxell (Dorr 1990; Fryxell 1979; Hitchcock & Kruckeberg 1957; Bates, unpublished). Eremalche parryi ssp. kernensis joins the gynodi- oecious group. In Callirhoe alcaeoides and Sidalcea malvaeflora femaleness is also linked to smaller corolla size, as it is in ssp. kernensis; however, no analy- sis of carpel numbers in relation to sexual expression has been made in either of these species. In gynodioecious taxa femaleness generally is associated with increased fe- cundity as measured by greater seed set in female plants relative to that in hermaphrodites, or as seen in such factors as avoidance of inbreeding depres- sion. Recent examples and discussion of gynodioecy are found in the work of Shykoff (1988) and Agren & Willson (1991). In Eremalche parryi ssp. ker- nensis the smaller petals and greater number of carpels in female flowers, relative to those of bisexual flowers, suggests that a greater percentage of reproductive resources is channeled to seed production, an interpretation in keeping with hypotheses concerning the evolution of gynodioecy (Charlesworth & Charlesworth 1978). It can be argued that the appearance of gynodioecy and presumed increased fecundity permitted EF. parryi to invade or persist in the extreme aridity of the southern San Joaquin Valley and the adjacent foothills. Whatever the impetus for gynodioecy in E. parryi, however, it is not necessary to postulate an increase in carpel number in female flowers of ssp. kernensis, for they share with ssp. parry, the presumed progenitor, essentially the same range of carpel numbers. Rather, it may be that bisexual flowers of ssp. kernensis have undergone a reduction in carpel number in order to allocate a greater percentage of reproductive resources to anther and pollen production. The narrow endemism originally ascribed to Eremalche parryi ssp. kernen- sis, coupled with a paucity of early collections of the taxon, are suggestive of rarity and possible endangerment. The wider geographical range now at- tributed to the subspecies, however, implies a less threatened state, but that conclusion is questionable. Populations about the type locality, in which gyn- odioecy and white petal color are most strongly expressed, face a precarious future. The area has long been dotted with oil wells with their associated habitat disturbance, but the more recent widespread clearing of the scrub veg- etation and resculpturing of the land for irrigated agricultural crops are far more extensive and serious problems. Populations occupying the foothills and valleys further removed from the floor of the southern San Joaquin Valley may escape the effect of land clearing but they remain vulnerable to grazing. It is clear that critical habitats of ssp. kernensis should be identified and pre- served. Study and action, however, require perseverance because during dry years, plants of the subspecies may appear infrequently, if at all. Bates: Gynodioecy, endangerment, status of Eremalche kernensis 53 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dean Taylor for sharing with me his knowledge and collections of Eremalche parryi ssp. kernensis, Paul A. Fryxell, James C. Hickman, and Melissa Luckow for review of the manuscript, Dieter Wilken for searching the University of California-Berkeley herbaria, and Barbara J. Hellenthal for the loan of specimens from the University of Notre Dame. LITERATURE CITED Agren, J. & M.F. Willson. 1991. Gender variation and sexual differences in reproductive characters and seed production in gynodioecious Geranium maculatum. Amer. J. Bot. 78:470-480. Bates, D.M. 1968. Generic relationships in the Malvaceae, tribe Malveae. Gentes Herb. 10:117-135. Charlesworth, B. & D. Charlesworth. 1978. A model for the evolution of dioecy and gynodioecy. Amer. Naturalist 112:975-997. Dorr. L.J. 1990. A revision of the North American genus Callirhoe (Mal- vaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 56:1-76. Fryxell, P.A. 1979. The Natural History of the Cotton Tribe. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas. Greene, E.L. 1906. Certain malvaceous types. Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1:205-209. Hitchcock, C.L. & A.R. Kruckeberg. 1957. A study of the perennial species of Sidalcea. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 18:1-96. Hoover, R.F. 1970. Vascular Plants of San Luis Obispo County. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, California. Kearney, T.H. 1956. Notes on Malvaceae. VIII. Eremalche. Madrono 13:241- 243. Lander, N.S. 1985. Revision of the Australian genus Lawrencia Hook. (Mal- vaceae: Malveae). Nuytsia 5:201-271. Leonelli, S. 1986. An Investigation of the Taxonomic Status of Eremalche kernensis C.B. Wolf (Malvaceae). M.S. Thesis, California State Univ., Long Beach, California. 54 PAYAL OTS GL A volume 72(1):48-54 January 1992 Shykoff, J.-A. 1988. Maintenance of gynodioecy in Silene acaulis (Caryophyl- laceae): stage specific fecundity and viability selection. Amer. J. Bot. 75:844-850. Twisselmann, E.C. 1967. A flora of Kern County, California. Wasmann J. Biol. 25:1-393. Wiggins, I. 1951. Eremalche. Pp. 96-97. In L. Abrams, J/llustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Vol. 3. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. Wolf, C.B. 1938. California plant notes. II. Occas. Pap. Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard., ser. 1, 2:44-90. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):55-57. A NEW SPECIES OF V/GUIERA (ASTERACEAE, HELIANTHEAE) FROM NAYARIT, MEXICO B.L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A new species, Viguiera huajicoria B. Turner from Nayarit, Meéx- ico is described. It is closely related to V. latibracteata and V. grahamit, but differs from both in having much smaller heads with fewer ray flo- rets. A map showing the distribution of these three species is provided. KEY WORDS: Viguiera, Asteraceae, Heliantheae, México Routine identification of Mexican Asteraceae has revealed the following novelty. Viguiera huajicoria B. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Nayarit: Mpio. de Huajicori, “2 km del Rancho de los Sauces,” 5 Nov 1985, I. Solis 556 (HOLOTYPE: TEX; Isotypes: CIIDIR). Viguierae grahami McVaugh similis sed foliis sparsim strigosis angustioribusque (2-5 min latis vs. 8-30 mm), capitulis minoribus, et floribus radii paucioribus (5-8 vs. 11-21). Much branched shrublet. Stems reddish-brown, sparsely strigose. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, mostly 3-8 cm long, 2-5 mm wide; petioles 1-2 mm long; blades sparsely strigose above and below, more so above, the lower surfaces with a single principal nerve; the margins subentire. Heads numerous on ultimate, sparsely strigose peduncles 1-4 cm long. Involucres campanulate, 6-8 mm wide, 5-6 mm high; the bracts triseriate, subequal, with apices often teflexed, the outer bracts narrowly lanceolate, the middle and inner bracts ovate to elliptic obovate, minutely strigose. Receptacle convex, the pales 3-4 mm long, acute apically. Ray florets 5-8, neuter, sterile, the ligules yellow, 5-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 6-8 nervate, the orifice of the tube with a tuft 55 56 PHYTOLO GIA volume 72(1):55-57 January 1992 105°50'w 101°26'w 23°25'N 23°25'N fe a DUR ZING SAN a NAYARIT e GUA 6 JALISCO fe} % MIC o Fig. 1. Distribution of Viguigra grahamii (open circle), V. huajicorin (open triangle) and V, Jatibracteata (closed circle). Turner: New species of Viguiera from Nayarit 57 of hairs. Disk florets mostly 30-50 per head; the corollas yellow, ca. 3 mm long, pubescent, the tube ca. 0.75 mm long, the throat ca. 1.5 mm long, the lobes deltoid, ca. 0.75 mm long. Anthers ca. 1.8 mm long. Achenes obovate, glabrous, ca. 2 mm long, epappose. When first examined, I thought the above plant might be undescribed, but opted to think of it as a small headed collection of Viguiera graham McVaugh. The plant actually combines characters of the latter with characters of the closely related V. latzbracteata (Hemsl.) S.F. Blake. It possesses the general habit and pubescence of the latter, but the leaf texture and venation of V. grahami. It differs from both in having relatively smaller heads with fewer ray florets (mostly 5-8 vs. 11-21). The distributional relationships of these several species is shown in Fig. 1, based largely upon specimens at TEX. In details of the disk florets, Vigutera huajicoria is remarkably similar to V. lattbracteata and V. grahamui, and there can be little question but that these several taxa are closely related. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS l am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis and to him and Jacqui Soule for reviewing the manuscript. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):58-62. TWO NEW SPECIES OF ARENARIA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) FROM MEXICO B.L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Two new Mexican species of Arenaria are described and illustrated: A. hintoniorum B. Turner, a bizarre localized gypsophile from near Galeana, Nuevo Leon, and A. tequilana B. Turner from Volcan Tequila, Jalisco. KEY WORDS: Arenariza, Caryophyllaceae, México Routine identification of Mexican plants has revealed the following novel- ties. Arenaria hintoniorum B. Turner, sp. nov. Fig. 1. TYPE: MEXICO. Nuevo Leon: Mpio. Galeana, W of San Roberto, gypsum hillsides, 2210 m, 14 May 1991, G.B. Hinton et al. 20957 (HOLOTYPE: TEX). Arenariae lycopodiozdi Schlecht. similis sed differt caulibus stric- tis et foliis valde decussatis ciliatis succulentisque. Perennial, stiffly erect, suffruticose herbs 3-10 cm high. Stems densely hispidulous with retrose hairs, the internodes short, mostly 1-5 mm long. Leaves opposite throughout, seemingly succulent, markedly decussate, linear- oblanceolate, semiplicate, those at midstem 3-4 mm long, 0.5-1.0 mm wide, hirsute-puberulous, especially along the margins, the apices acute to rounded, often apiculate. Flowers single, the peduncles 2-4 mm long. Sepals 5, elliptic, 2.5-3.5 mm long, pubescent like the leaves, the margins scarious. Petals 5, ovate, entire, white, 3-4 mm long, the apices broadly obtuse to rounded. Sta- mens 10, ca. 5 mm long, the anthers whitish-yellow, ca. 0.5 mm long. Styles 3, separate. Capsules (old and abortive) with 6 valves. Seeds not examined. 58 Turner: Two new species of Arenaria from México 59 Fig. 1. Arenaria hintoniorum, from holotype. 60 PAY TO LOGLA volume 72(1):58-62 January 1992 This taxon is not like any other known to the present author. It appears to be a localized gypsum endemic, having a dwarf, suffruticose, subsucculent habit, with relationships to Arenaria lycopodioides. Arenaria hintontorum comes from an area where numerous localized, rather bizarre, gypsophilic endemics occur, many of these first collected by the re- markable Hinton family (cf. protologue of Perymenium hintoniorum B. Turner, Phytologia 71:315. 1991.). Arenaria tequilana B. Turner, sp. nov. Fig. 2. TYPE: MEXICO. Jalisco: Top of Volcan Tequila, 14 Jan 1990, 2900 m, M. Chazaro B. et al. 6176 (HOLOTYPE: TEX!; Isotypes: GUADA,WIS). Arenariae lanuginosae (Michx.) Rohrb. similis sed differt floribus minoribus (2.5-3.0 mm longis) numerosioribusque in inflorescentia terminali cymosi-paniculata dispositis et seminibus cristis tuber- culorum pusillorum distincte ornatis. Perennial erect or sprawling herbs to 18 cm high. Stems pubescent in lines with minute recurved strigose hairs to glabrate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly 8-22 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, uninervate, glabrous or ciliate at the base, the apices narrowly acute. Flowers numerous, arranged in termi- nal corymbose panicles, the ultimate slender peduncles mostly 5-15 mm long. Sepals 5, 2.5-3.0 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, glabrous, weakly uninervate, some- what purplish carinate, the apices acute. Petals 5, ovate, white, 2-3 mm long, the apices more or less lacerate or weakly lobed. Anthers 10. Ovary ovoid; styles 3, separate. Capsules ovoid, 6 valvate, the seeds black, subreniform, ca. 1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the dorsal margins with distinct ornamented ridges of low tuberculae, the lateral surfaces shiny and weakly ornamented. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Jalisco: “Volcan Tequila, along road to microwave station, oak forest interspersed with pine to 9000 ft (pines alone reaching top of plug at 9800 ft)” 23 Oct 1970, Webster & Breckon 15840 (TEX). Both of the above cited specimens note the species to be “abundant” or “common” near the top of the Tequila volcano. The type label describes the taxon as “annual” but the plant itself appears to possess slender, branched, rhizomes. The numerous small flowers, arranged in an open cymose, bracteate, pan- icle readily distinguish this taxon from its presumptive closest relative, Are- naria lanuginosa ssp. sazosa (A. Gray) Maguire (sensu Maguire, Amer. Mid- land Naturalist 48:498. 1951.), a widespread and common taxon at lower elevations throughout most of México. The ornamented seeds of A. tequilana Turner: Fig. 2 Arenaria Two new species of Arenaria from México tequilana, trom nolotype. 61 62 PRY POroGc TA volume 72(1):58-62 January 1992 also distinguish the species from A. lanuginosa, which produces somewhat smaller, smooth seeds. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnoses, and to him and T.P. Ramamoorthy for reviewing the manuscript. Nancy Webber provided the illustrations. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):63-70. NOTES ON HELIANTHUS (COMPOSITAE-HELIANTHEAE) FROM Mexico! M. Socorro Gonzalez- Elizondo CIIDIR-IPN, Becaria de la COFAA, Apdo. Postal 738, Durango, Dgo., 34000 MEXICO & Daniel Gomez-Sanchez INIFAP-Durango, Apdo. Postal 186, Durango, Dgo., 34000 MEXICO ABSTRACT Nine of the 49 worldwide recognized species of Helianthus are reg- istered from México. A first record of Helianthus mazimiliani from México is reported. Helianthus similis is excluded from Helianthus to Viguiera. A key is provided for the Mexican species as well as notes on their distribution. KEY WORDS: Helianthus, Heliantheae, Compositae, distribution, México RESUMEN De 49 especies de Helianthus, nueve se conocen de México, reg- istrandose por primera vez para el pais a H. mazimilianit. Helianthus similis se excluye por pertenecer al género Viguiera. Se incluye una clave para la identificacion de especies mexicanas y notas acerca de su distribucion. PALABRAS CLAVE: Helianthus, Heliantheae, Compositae, dis- tribucion, México 'Research supported by European Economic Community Contract No. TS2*-0231-1(A). 63 64 PHY TOLD OsGTA volume 72(1):63-70 January 1992 Wild species of Helianthus from México are currently under study for breed- ing systems. During the development of field collections and the revision of herbarium specimens for this purpose, we found nine species and five infraspe- cific taxa. Helianthus mazimiliant Schrad. is reported for the first time from México. Helianthus similis (Brandegee) S.F. Blake is excluded from Helianthus and accepted as belonging in Viguiera. Heiser (1969) discussed the taxonomic position of this species and considered it much more closely related to Viguiera than to Helianthus, but retained it in the latter genus “only because technically it ‘keys’ to Helianthus” due to the deciduous pappus. We follow the criteria of Brandegee (1908) and Schilling & Heiser (1981) to exclude it from Helianthus. DIAGNOSTIC KEY TO SPECIES FROM MEXICO 1. Leaves and stems appressed sericeous-villous; leaves whitish to grayish. wy st px dosha wilacus e's Siam tuallavet azar pi SeHolens sve wvalelalar ate Screen ae eee rrr H. niveus 1. Not with the above combination of characters. ................00eee ees 2 2. Annuals, sometimes from stout, woody taproots. ................ 3 3. Phyllaries gradually attenuate; tips of central pales densely white bearded... i...:c.cc0 cviecsee enews eee H. petiolaris 3. Phyllaries abruptly attenuate; tips of pales hispid or rarely glabrous, not densely white bearded. ............. H, annuus 2. Perennials, ..0.6600cese cues dena suns o 0+ nea ee 4 4. Plants from taproots or horizontal pseudorhizomatous roots; lobes of disk corolla red or yellow. .<.- 25sec 5 5. Roots stout; base of old stem with buds; leaves short peti- olate; plants known from northern Baja California. ...... J sieia agi nice Gai Nate Ne were cae H. gracilentus 5. Roots slender, horizontal; leaves sessile or subsessile; more widely distributed plants: ....: 0. eee 6 6. Stems glaucous, glabrous or with scattered hairs; pap- pus of two ovate to ovate-lanceolate scales. ..H. ciliaris 6. Stems green, rarely somewhat glaucous, subglabrous to strigose or hispid; pappus of two to five linear to lanceo- late scales... <0. .00cs nes 5 ee H. laciniatus 4. Plants from rhizomes, tubers or crown buds; disk corolla en- tirely yellow. assassins dens oes ssi eer 7 7. Stems glabrous, glaucous; phyllaries broadly lanceolate, 3-5 MM Wide. - 4. sac s05.5 Salsa onal Hi. californicus Gonzalez-Elizondo & Gomez-Sanchez: Notes on Helianthus from México 65 7. Stems scabrous to densely hirsutous; phyllaries linear- lanceolate, 1-5-3:0(-3:5)) muawides .A2.0.0s0ss sane ace. 8 8. Leaves mostly opposite; phyllaries 2.0-3.0(-3.5) mm wide, short attenuate, equaling or slightly exceeding the CS ke Sits aes Once ee ee ee H. hirsutus 8. Leaves mostly alternate; phyllaries 1.5-2.5 mm wide, long attenuate, conspicuously exceeding disk. ......... Be ee OO Lee Tae Ga One eh ie ce aero he oe H. mazimiliani Using the infrageneric classification proposed by Schilling & Heiser (1981), the Mexican species are grouped as follows: Sect. Helianthus: H. annuus, H. niveus, and H. petiolaris. Sect. Ciliares. Ser. Ciliares: H. ciliaris and H. laciniatus. Ser. Pumili: H. gracilentus. Sect. Divaricati. Ser. Corona-solis: H. californicus, H. hirsutus, and H. mazimilzanz. Helianthus annuus L., Sp. Pl. 906. 1753. Distribution: Widely distributed from Canada to México. In México: Northern part of the country and the Atlantic coast to Yucatan. Scarce in the central highlands. From sea level up to 2000 m, especially in disturbed habitats in xerophytic, halophytic, temperate, and tropical vegetation. Rze- dowski (1985) mentioned that wild forms of this species are recently introduced in the Valley of México. Fig. 1. Selected specimens: Baja California: [.L. Wiggins & J. Thomas 427 (MEXU). Baja California Sur: C. Rodriguez 1743 (ENCB,MEXU,CUDIR). Sonora: R.S. Felger 86-396 (MEXU). Sinaloa: M. Medina 1986 (ENCB, MEXU). Durango: D. Gémez 27 (CIIDIR). Chihuahua: D. Gomez 31 (CI- IDIR). Coahuila: D. Gomez 1-a (CIIDIR). Nuevo Leon: A.M. Pascoe 262 (ENCB). Tamaulipas: F. Gonzdlez M. 12992 (MEXU). Veracruz: G. Ibarra 2897 (MEXU). Campeche: E. Cabrera 2344 (MEXU). Yucatan: E. Cabrera y H. de Cabrera 11311 (MEXU). Helianthus annuus is extremely variable and the infraspecific taxa, as treat- ed by Heiser (1969), are frequently distinguished only with difficulty. In ad- dition, natural hybridization occurs with several species. Hybrids between H. 66 PHY TODOGIA volume 72(1):63-70 January 1992 a4 Fig. 1 @e Helianthus annuus 20 2s Fig. 2 @ Welianthus laciniatud. zw! @ Helianthus ciliaris a we iw wo We Gonzalez-Elizondo & Gémez-Sdnchez: Notes on Helianthus from México 67 annuus and H. petiolaris are known from northern México (e.g., Gémez 59, CIIDIR,TEX). Vernacular names: girasol, gordolobo (S.L.P.), mirasol de monte (Camp.), polocote (Tam.), and sanchin (S.L.P.); maiz de Texas (cultivated plants). Helianthus niveus (Benth.) Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. I]. 2:173. 1889. Distribution: Southern California and Arizona to Baja California and Sonora. Sea level up to 300 m, on sandy dunes and halophytic or xerophytic scrub. Fig. 3. Both subspecies of this species are found in Mexico: Helianthus niveus ssp. niveus. Endemic to Baja California. Selected specimens: Baja California: D. Gomez 69 (CIIDIR). Baja Cali- fornia Sur: E. Palmer 826 (MEXU). Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes (A. Gray) Heiser et al., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22:43. 1969. Southern California and Arizona to western Sonora. Selected specimens: Sonora: D. Gomez y S. Medina 39, 70, and 72 (CI- IDIR). Helianthus petiolaris Nutt., Jour. Acad. Sci. Phil. 2:115. 1821. Distribution: Southern Canada to northern México. 400-2700 m, especially on sandy soils. Fig. 5. All the varieties are present in México, although frequently they are not clearly distinguished i.e., specimens with phyllaries wider than 4 mm (as in var. petiolaris) and with peduncles with leafy bracts subtending the head (as in var. fallaz). Helianthus petiolaris var. petiolaris. Southern Canada to Sonora and Chi- huahua. Selected specimens: Sonora: R.S. Felger 16860 (MEXU). Chihuahua: D. Gomez 64 (CIIDIR, TEX). Helianthus petiolaris var. fallar Heiser. Colorado and Utah to northern Mexico. Selected specimens: Sonora: D. Gomez 54 (CHIDIR). Chihuahua: D. Gomez 51 (CIIDIR). Helianthus petiolaris var. canescens A. Gray. Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Selected specimens: Sonora: A.C. Sanders et al. 3482 (MEXU). Chi- huahua: R. Bye 8593 (MEXU). 68 PHYTOLOGIA volume 72(1):63-70 January 1992 2@ Helianthus niveus w| @ Helianthus californicus © iielianthus gracilentus 2| Flge 5 e Helianthus petiolarig yn! etHelianthus hirsutus *Helianthus maximiliani ue m Ww wo we Gonzalez-Elizondo & Gomez-Sanchez: Notes on Helianthus from México 69 Helianthus ciliaris DC., Prod. 5:587. 1836. Distribution: United States to México. In México: Sonora to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. 1100-2600 m. Fig. 2. Selected specimens: Sonora: R.M. Straw 1590 (ENCB). Chihuahua: J. Rzedowski 27352 (ENCB). Durango: D.M. Spooner & E. Schilling 2460 (MEXU). Coahuila: [.K. Langman 3954 (MEXU). Helianthus laciniatus A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. 4:84. 1849. Distribution: New Mexico to central México. Common on the Mexican Tableland between 600 and 2300 m in xerophytic scrub and grasslands. Fig. 2. Selected specimens: Chihuahua: J. Garcia 746 (CIIDIR). Durango: D. Gomez 61 (CIIDIR). Coahuila: £. Palmer 12 (MEXU). Nuevo Leon: Hinton et al. 17124 (ENCB). San Luis Potosi: J. Rzedowski 7646 (ENCB). Guanaju- ato: J. Kishler 989(MEXU). Querétaro: FE. Arguelles 1139(MEXU). Federal District: J. Rzedowski 26035 (ENCB,MEXU). Mexico (state): J. Rzedowski 202380 (ENCB). This is a polymorphic species. Helianthus dissectifolius R. Jackson is a form with deeply dissected leaves. Vernacular name: jurica (Querétaro). Helianthus gracilentus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11:77. 1876. Distribution: California to northern Baja California, on western slopes up to 1300 m, in scrub or dry forests. Fig. 4. Selected specimen: Baja California: D. Gomez 66 (CIIDIR). Helianthus hirsutus Raf., Ann. Nat., p. 14. 1820. Distribution: Eastern United States to Coahuila and Nuevo Leon. Very scarce in México. Fig. 5. Selected specimens: Coahuila: T. Wendt et al. 1259 (MEXU). Nuevo Leon: C.H. & M.T. Muller 245 (MEXU). Helianthus californicus DC., Prod. 5:589. 1836. Distribution: California and Northern Baja California. Fig. 4. Selected specimens: Baja California: H. Bravo 9200 (MEXU). 70 PRY TiOuwsOrGi A volume 72(1):63-70 January 1992 Helianthus mazimiliani Schrader, Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting. 1835. Distribution: Previously known from southern Canada to southern United States. In México was found growing as a weed in a yard: Chihuahua: Bue- naventura, casa Fam. Vega Gaytan, 1380 m.s.n.m., 25.1X.1991, planta de 2.5 m, con rizomas, D. Gomez 83 (CIIDIR,TEX,dupl. to be distributed). In cul- tivation this species has been collected from: Coahuila: Palau, salida a Bar- roteran, en jardin, 400 m.s.n.m., 13.X.1991, planta de 1.6 m, D. Gémez 83 (CIIDIR, duplicates to be distributed). Fig. 5. This material appears to fall within the confines of Helianthus mazimiliani as treated by Heiser (1969), except in the character of conduplicate leaves. Heiser comments that this species has long been appreciated as a garden or- namental. Probably the plants from Chihuahua are escaped from cultivation, since apparently there are not wild plants of this species in the area. Helianthus aff. strumosus L. and H. tuberosus L. are names on missidentified herbarium specimens. The presence of these species in México is doubtful, but possible that further collecting efforts will allow us to find these or other species. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the staffs of ENCB and MEXU for use of facilities; Dr. B.L. Turner for his helpful determination of many of our collections, and his com- mentaries; Dr. Rafael Fernandez Nava and Dr. Yolanda Herrera Arrieta for reviewing the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Brandegee, T.S. 1908. Zoe 5:260. Heiser, C.B. et al. 1969. The North American Sunflowers (Hehanthus). Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(3):1-218. Schilling, E.E. & C.B. Heiser. 1981. Infrageneric Classification of Helianthus (Compositae). Taxon 30(2):393-403. Rzedowski, J. & G.C. Rzedowski (eds.). 1985. Flora Fanerogdmica del Valle de Mézico. II. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. e Instituto de Ecologia. México. 674 pp. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):71-75. BOOKS RECEIVED Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. Vol. 22. Richard F. Johnston, Peter W. Frank, & Frances C. James (eds.). Annual Reviews Inc., 1139 El] Camino Way, Palo Alto, California 94306. 1991. xii. 621 pp. $40.00 (cloth). ISSN 0066-4162. ISBN 0-8243-1422-0. The current volume of this series is dedicated to one of the founding editors of “Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,” Dr. Charles D. Michener, who retired last year. A total of 43 authors have contributed 23 papers to this volume. ‘Topics re- viewed include evolutionary rates, ecology of parapatry, plant mate choice, canalization, herbicide resistance in weeds, guilds, ecology of lemurs, treeline, vertebrate physiological differentiation, evolu- tionary novelties, nitrogen loading, molecular speciation, branch autonomy, spatial genetic variation in plants, bird migration, mar- mot social and population structure, clutch size, interactions be- tween browsers and woody plants, systematics of Drosophilidae, effects of herbivores on communities and ecosystems, endangered species management, molecular systematics of fungi, and system- atics and evolution of spiders. This volume continues the tradition of this valuable series. 71 72 PHYTOLOGIA volume 72(1):71-75 January 1992 Introduction to the Principles of Plant Taxonomy, second edition. V.V. Sivarajan (edited by N.K.B. Robson). Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1991. xiv. 292 pp. $29.95 (paper), $79.95 (hardcover). ISBN 0-521-35679-2 (paper), 0-521-35587-7 (hardcover). This book is as much a critique of plant taxonomy as it is an introduction to the field. As such, it is a useful tool in provid- ing insight on how taxonomists perform their work. However, its usefulness is likely to be greatest for individuals who already have considerable familiarity with plant taxonomic principles. Written by an author with a viewpoint other than the typical “Western” concept of taxonomy (or science for that matter), this is certainly not a mainstream text, and will probably be poorly received in many quarters. On the other hand, because of the different points of view expressed in the book, it should stimulate discussion and may result in advances in the discipline. At the very least, some of the points raised by Sivarajan may prompt a critical self exami- nation of what we as taxonomists/systematists do, and how we go about our work. Islands, Plants, and Polynesians, An Introduction to Polynesian Ethnob- otany. Paul Alan Cox & Sandra Anne Banack (eds.). Dioscorides Press, 9999 S.W. Wilshire, Suite 124, Portland, Oregon 97225. 1991. 228 pp. $34.95 (cloth). ISBN 0-931146-18-6. This book is a summary of ethnobotanical information on the Polynesian peoples. Possibly the greatest significance of this work will be its use as a standard with which to compare other eth- nobotanical studies. This possibility exists because of the circum- stances under which scientists have been able to study Polynesian ethnobotany. Since Polynesians travelled from island to island and the islands that they inhabited were previously not colonized by hu- mans, the colonizations have taken place relatively recently (within the past several thousand years), and the Polynesians lived in vir- tual isolation from other humans until relatively recently, ethnob- otanical influences of Polynesians are more easily (compared to Incas, Phoenicians, etc.) examined in isolation from other human influences. Ten chapters were contributed by ten different authors, each examining a particular facet of Polynesian ethnobotany. This book is likely to be a standard on the subject for some time. Books received ie Jurassic and Cretaceous Floras and Climates of the Earth. V.A. Vakhrameev. Translation from 1988 Russian edition by Ju. V. Litvinov. Norman F. Hughes (ed.). Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1991. xix. 318 pp. $99.50 (cloth). ISBN 0-521- 40291-3. Vakhrameev has summarized the geologic and fossil data for the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. His treatment deals primar- ily with data from Eurasia (and in particular, the Siberian region), with generally more concise summaries relating to other parts of the world. While this fact appears as a limitation for the work, it is the book’s greatest asset, since data from Asia and eastern Europe has been extremely difficult to obtain. Thus, this book includes considerable data heretofore unavailable to paleobotanists in most of the world. In conjunction with Western works of similar scope, covering the same geologic time periods, one can obtain a reason- ably complete summary of fossil floras of the time. Summaries of the fossil floras are organized into geologic time segments, and within these, fossil floristic regions and provinces are delimited. In addition to the text and data tables, a number of maps and pho- tographs of fossils are included. The book would appear to be very useful to anyone dealing with world vegetation patterns during the Jurassic and/or Cretaceous. Phytophthora. J.A. Lucas, R.C. Shattock, D.S. Shaw, & Louise R. Cooke (eds.). Symposium of the British Mycological Society, the British Society for Plant Pathology, and the Society of Irish Plant Pathologists held at Trinity College, Dublin, September 1989. Published for the British Mycological Society by Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1991. xiv. 447 pp. $110.00 (hardcover). ISBN 0-521-40080-5. The book consists of papers from a symposium organized to commemorate the centennial of the death of Miles Joseph Berke- ley. Berkeley was a “naturalist” (mycologist, botanist, algologist, invertebrate zoologist, clergyman), probably best known (at least for the subject of this book) for his assertion that the late potato blight which devastated potato crops in the middle 1840s (pro- ducing famines in Ireland, resulting in large influxes of Irish to the United States) was caused by a fungus. A total of 28 pa- pers are included in this book, contributed by 51 authors. The 74 PAY. TOL O.G 1A volume 72(1):71-75 January 1992 authors are primarily European, with a smattering of individuals from other parts of the world. The various articles treat topics ranging through host-pathogen interactions (several papers), sys- tematics of Phytophthora (several papers), pathogen dispersal, ge- netics and reproduction of Phytophthora, various pathogen control mechanisms, and prospects for future work to lessen impact of Phytophthora on crop plants (potato and others). Plant Growth: Interactions with Nutrition and Environment. J.R. Porter The & D.W. Lawlor (eds.). Vol. 43, in Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series. Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1991. xii. 284 pp. $79.50 (hardcover). ISBN 0-521-36133-8. Sixteen authors have contributed a total of eleven papers to this volume. While primarily physiological in orientation, the top- ics treated range from subcellular processing of various nutrients to interactions between plants and their nutrient supplies at the pop- ulation or ecosystem level. Some papers are very narrow in their view of nutrient processing, treating a limited number of nutrients involved in specific aspects of plant metabolism. Other papers examine broader physiological and/or ecological consequences of availability of one or two nutrients. Such breadth of treatment has in the past been unusual for specialized books of this type. A broadening of scope, with the associated attempt to view the “big picture,” is refreshing, and may be an indication of the maturation of the biological sciences. Preservation and Valuation of Biological Resources. Gordon H. Orians, Gardner M. Brown, Jr., William E. Kunin, & Joseph E. Swierzbinski (eds.). Proceedings of an Interdisciplinary Workshop, 12-16 June 1985. University of Washington Press, P.O. Box 50096, Seattle, Washington 98145-5096. 1991. x. 303 pp. $40.00 (cloth). ISBN 0-295-97004-9. This book summarizes discussions on a number of issues relat- ing to potential loss of a significant portion of the earth’s biodiver- sity. Six topic areas (ez situ conservation of germ plasm, in situ conservation of germ plasm, how to measure genetic uniqueness, how to measure ecological uniqueness, how to measure value of Books received 75 genetic resources, and prospects of market incentives to conserve biodiversity) were chosen by the organizers of this symposium and papers, each written by one or two authors, prepared to treat these six subjects. Each paper was examined and written commentary prepared, by two additional individuals with an interest in the par- ticular subject areas. Papers and commentaries were sent to par- ticipants of the symposium so that the papers could be read before the symposium took place. The meeting itself consisted of a discus- sion of the papers, commentaries, and related issues. The present volume contains the written papers and commentaries, along with a summary of the discussions that took place during the meet- ing. In this time of increased danger of major losses of biodiversity from Earth, this book would seem to be a good starting point from which to begin to address means of preventing such losses. Wild India The Wildlife and Scenery of India and Nepal. Photographs by Gerald Cubitt. Text by Guy Mountfort. The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142. 1991. 208 pp. $39.95 (hard- cover). ISBN 0-262-13276-1. This is primarily a book of beautiful photographs from a land of stunning views. Some text is included in the book, and therein are descriptions of geography and climate, vegetation, wildlife, and pressures exerted by an increasing human population. A very use- ful map of National Parks and Sanctuaries is also included. Un- like many books published to portray the natural beauties of an area, this one contains relatively few landscape photographs, but instead concentrates on individual organisms. While the major- ity of pictures are of mammals, birds, and reptiles, plants are well represented. The book consists of four major parts. The first con- tains most of the textual material, the other three treating major physiographic provinces on the subcontinent (The Himalayas, The Indo-Gangetic Plain, and The Deccan). The large format (25.5 x 34 cm) allows inclusion of extra large photographs. Phytologia (January 1992) 72(1):76. PUBLICATION DATES FOR VOLUME 71 Volume 71(1): Date on title page-July 1991; Date of mailing-16 September 1991. Volume 71(2): Date on title page-August 1991; Date of mailing-25 Septem- ber 1991. Volume 71(3): Date on title page-~September 1991; Date of mailing—26 October 1991. Volume 71(4): Date on title page-October 1991; Date of mailing-9 Decem- ber 1991. Volume 71(5): Date on title page-November 1991; Date of mailing-7 Jan- uary 1992. Volume 71(6): Date on title page-December 1991; Date of mailing-18 February 1992. 76 York Bota > nt |i 2 00288 4805 Information for Authors Articles from botanical systematics and ecology, including biographical sketches, critical reviews, and summaries of literature will be considered for publication in PHYTOLOGIA. Manuscripts. may be submitted either on computer diskette, or as typescript. Diskettes will be returned to authors after action has been taken on the manuscript. Diskettes may be 5.25 inches or 3.5 inches and may be written in any IBM or MacIntosh compatible format. Typescript manuscripts should be single spaced and will be read into the computer using a page scanner. The scanner will read standard typewriter fonts but will not read dot matrix print. Manuscripts submitted in dot matrix print cannot be ac- cepted. Use underscore (not italics) for scientific names. 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