ia
72
6

Ur _

PHYTOLOGIA

An international journal to expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical
and ecological publication

4f
2
tf

Vol. 73 December 1992 No. 6

CONTENTS
-NESOM, G.L., A new species of Sisyrinchium subg. Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae)
MPIEEE Ce Eee ahve fara Bien a wht alee Voag ciated aes voce hd Mens 429

~ FERNANDEZ NAVA, R. & N. WAKSMAN, Una especies nueva de Karwin-
skia (Hhamnaceae) de Tehuacan, Puebla, México. ................. 435

~MACROBERTS, M.H. & B.R. MACROBERTS, Observations on toothache
grass (Ctenium aromaticum (Poaceae: Chlorideae|) with particular ref-
LON CE TO ATC. i eye ee olen Shou wtla pee bilels dois ced eta eles einen eens 439

-RAYNER, T.G.J., Studies on the genus Bidens L. (Compositae) from the
Eastern Hemisphere. 4. A new species from Ethiopia. ............. 445

SEMPLE, J.C., The goldenasters of California, Heterotheca (Compositae:

Astereae): Nex Rarmtes anid-combinations. hoc s255 aan So 5 be ws sie's 449

HOCH, P.C. & P.H. RAVEN, Boisduvalia, a coma-less Eptlobium (Ona-
ROARS Sey ict Senta ete See att wt Sins SAN Deo eR RE ate Pa eee > 456

_HOCH, P.C., A new species of Eptlobium (Onagraceae) in California. . . 460

CLP as ee ee tae aR tii Hace et a pipe and Sekt Rian ay AP ea omer A ce aed Si ea Ae 463
5 Te lo et Oe eRe Ree ie fem pen Reeg SrA a, Ma theta te See nah Zr Sia a a 464
Pee Or RHChOLS, VOM Me 1 oa cc soko fee Helo se PEN ee uated cb ees 473
ee IEs VOMTIIO Logg one a roctae eve oo ee ek ek wei ek ie Dates ckee atta 474
Contents continued on the inside cover. rm
i

FEB --8 199

WEey VOR |
BUIAWICAL GARDEN

(Contents continued)

Corrections)and AGditions. 22. 6c sas c ss wll e so penis See + worse tp Sten 509
Index to reviewers; volume (3.0%. 2. .i. 06 cieleis ce vine de vos ond dae 510-511

Disposition of manuscripts received for volumes 72 and 73.

PHY TOLOGIA (ISSN 00319430) is published monthly with two volumes per year
by Michael J. Warnock, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340. Second Class
postage at Huntsville, TX. Copyright ©1991 by PHYTOLOGIA. Annual domestic
individual subscription (12 issues): $36.00. Annual domestic institutional
subscription (12 issues): $40.00. Foreign and/or airmail postage extra. Single copy
sales: Current issue and back issues volume 67 to present, $3.50; Back issues
(previous to volume 67), $3.00 (add $.50 per copy postage and handling US
[$1.00 per copy foreign]). Back issue sales by volume: $17.00 per volume 42-66
(not all available as complete volumes); $21.00 per volume 67-present; add $2.00
per volume postage US ($4.00 per volume foreign), POSTMASTER: Send address
changes to Phytologia, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340.

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):429-434.

A NEW SPECIES OF SJSYRINCHIUM SUBG. SISYRINCHIUM (IRIDACEAE)
FROM MEXICO

Guy L. Nesom & Luis Hernandez S.
Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Sisyrinchium novoleonense is described from Nuevo Leon and
Coahuila, México, where it is abundant in areas of relatively high eleva-
tion around Cerro Potosi, Pena Nevada, and Sierra de Arteaga. It is a
member of subg. Stsyrinchtum and apparently related to the S. scabrum
species group, but it clearly stands apart from these plants in its long
rhizomes, large flowers with a long filament tube, and habitats at higher
elevations. Based on records in LL, TEX, five other species of subg. Stsy-
rinchium are known from Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas: S.
biforme, S. micranthum, S. dimorphum, S. demissum, and S. scabrum.
The latter two probably are the closest relatives of S. novoleonense but
they are more similar between themselves than is either to S. novoleo-
nense.

KEY WORDS: Sisyrinchium, Iridaceae, México

RESUMEN

Se describe Sisyrinchium novoleonense de Nuevo Leon y Coahuila,
México, abundante en areas que sobrepasan los 2700 metros de altitud
del Cerro Potosi, Pena Nevada, y Sierra de Arteaga. La nueva especie
pertenece al subg. Stsyrinchium y aparentemente esta relacionada con
el grupo de especies de S. scabrum, sin embargo difiere claramente de
esta por el mayor tamano de rizoma, flor, y tubo estaminal y su habitat
en elevaciones mayores. Con base en registros en LL,TEX, se conocen
cinco especies mas del subg. Stsyrinchtum de Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, y
Tamaulipas: S. biforme, S. micranthum, S. dimorphum, S. demissum, y
S. scabrum. Aunque los dos ultimos son probablemente los mas cercanos
a S. novoleonense, presentan mayor similitud entre si que cualquiera de
ellos con S. novoleonense.

429

430 PHY TOLOGIA volume 73(6):429-434 December 1992

PALABRAS CLAVE: Stsyrinchium, Iridaceae, México

Recent studies have contributed greatly to an understanding of the phy-
logeny and taxonomy of Sisyrinchium L. and its close relatives (Rudall et al.
1986; Goldblatt et al. 1989 and 1990; Goldblatt 1990). Stisyrinchium is one
of the largest genera within the tribe Sisyrinchieae Baker as well as the whole
family, and the genus is well known for seemingly small and variable differ-
ences among some of its species. Each of four relatively recent papers (Oliver
1969; Calderon & Rzedowski 1985; McVaugh 1989; Henrich & Goldblatt 1987)
has described a new species of Sisyrtnchtum from México, and there are now
ca. 32 Mexican species (depending on concepts of species delimitation), seven
in subg. Stsyrinchtum and 25 in subg. Echthronema (Herbert) Goldbl. (some-
times treated as the genus Hydastylus Salisb.). Three recent treatments have
clarified the taxonomy of the genus in the southern half of México, where more
than two-thirds of the Mexican species occur (Henrich & Goldblatt 1987; Mc-
Vaugh 1989; Calderon & Rzedowski 1990). In the course of an attempt to
identify the Sisyrinchium of northeastern México, particularly in relation to
several floristic surveys in progress within the area, it has become evident that
the following species of sect. Stsyrinchium is undescribed.

Sisyrinchium novoleonense Nesom & L. Hernandez S., sp. nov. TYPE:
MEXICO. Nuevo Leén: Mpio. Dr. Arroyo, Pena Nevada area, ca. 35 km
ENE of Dr. Arroyo, NW slope of Picacho Onofre, 28 Jul 1977, C. Wells
& G. Nesom 394 (HOLOTYPE: LL!).

Stsyrinchio scabro Cham. & Schlecht. similis sed rhizomatibus
valde evolutis, floribus paucioribus in quaque spatha, tepalis ma-
joribus, et tubo staminali longiore differt.

Perennials from a short (5-20 mm) rhizome bearing fibrous roots up to 10
cm long, thickened but not fleshy or swollen, slightly tapering distally; herbage
glabrous but the leaves and stems usually beset with minute marginal papillae
to hairlike teeth. Stems 1-2 per plant, erect, 2-4 dm high, compressed and 2
winged, 2-3 mm wide, slightly bent at the nodes, with 1-2 branch nodes on
the upper 1/2-1/3, each node with a leaflike bract and a terminal branch plus
1-2 axillary branches, all branches of equal to subequal length, each bearing
a spathe at the apex. Leaves linear, becoming linear-lanceolate near the stem
apex, 2-3 mm wide, the basal 7-20 cm long, the cauline (nodal bracts) like
the basal but smaller, 5-10 cm long, leaves absent below the nodes. Spathes
1-2(-4) flowered, compressed, narrowly lanceolate-elliptic in outline, 18-25 mm
long, 2.5-3.0 mm wide, the bracts ovate, equal to subequal, smooth margined,
the outer bract fused 3-6 mm above the base, commonly with a broad hyaline

Nesom & Hernandez S.: New Stsyrinchium from México 431

margin near the base; pedicels erect to slightly spreading in flower and fruit,
about the same length as the spathe. Ovary obpyriform, minutely pilose with
delicate, glandular hairs; tepals blue to bluish purple, obovate-elliptic, 15-18
mm long, apically rounded to slightly retuse, with an aristate extension up to
1.5 mm long; filaments completely united into a filament tube 6-7 mm long,
anthers erect, verticillate and essentially sessile at the summit of the column,
0.8-1.0 mm long, the style branches not or scarcely projecting beyond the tips
of the anthers. Fruits ca. 4 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, blocky-globose, truncate
at the apex, 3 angled and weakly 3 sulcate; seeds black, obscurely pitted, ca.
1 mm in diameter, with a large depression on one side.

Additional collections examined: MEXICO. Coahuila: Mpio. Arteaga,
Las Vigas, Canon de la Carbonera, Sierra de Arteaga, woods of pine, Douglas
fir, fir, oak, and Ceanothus, 2100-2600 m, 15 Sep 1988, Villarreal et al. 4574
(ASU). Nuevo Leon: Mpios. Dr. Arroyo and Zaragoza, Pena Nevada area: W
side of Picacho Onofre, 3230 m, 4 Jul 1959, Beaman 2692 (TEX); Puerto Mesa
del Charco, 3100 m, glade in pine-fir forest, 25 Jun 1978, Hinton et al. 17368
(TEX); NW slope of Picacho Onofre, 30 Jul 1977, Wells & Nesom 448 (LL).
Mpio. Galeana, Cerro Potosi: SE side, above Ejido 18 Marzo, open pine forest,
ca. 3020 m, 25 Jun 1960, Beaman 3315 (TEX); lower slopes, pine woods, 6-
8000 ft, 27 Aug 1987, Bogler & Atkins 203 (TEX); 8 mi up from 18 de Marzo,
pine-oak transition, 24 Aug 1984, Lavin 4815 (TEX); near microwave tower,
9000 ft, 7 Jul 1963, McGregor et al. 259 (LL); clearing in pine forest, 3250 m, 8 -
Aug 1970, Hinton et al. 17298 (TEX); NE face, oak forest, ca. 2800 m, 24 Jul
1977, Wells & Nesom 226 (LL): Cerro Potosi area, Mpio. Galeana: San José
Las Joyas (N slope of CP), open pine forest, 2730 m, 28 Aug 1983, Hinton et
al. 18584 (TEX); ascent to Sierra Infernillo, ca. 15 mi SW of Galeana, 9-10000
ft, pine savanna, 16 Jun 1934, Mueller 833 (TEX).

Stsyrinchium novoleonense is clearly a member of subg. Stsyrinchium in its
blue tepals and sessile stamens borne at the apex of a filament tube. Speci-
mens of the new species have accumulated at LL,TEX under the name of S.
quadrangulatum Klatt, which is superficially similar in habit, but the latter
is a species restricted to central México in the high mountains from Pico de
Orizaba (the type locality) in Veracruz and Puebla to Nevado de Toluca in
Edo. México (see Rzedowski & Rzedowski 1985). There has been some con-
fusion about the identity of S. quadrangulatum (based on variability in dried
flower color, Greenman 1903), but as identified and treated by Calderon &
Rzedowski (1990), it is a member of subg. Echthronema and not at all related
to S. novoleonense.

Sisyrinchium novoleonense occurs in the areas of Pena Nevada and Cerro
Potosi of Nuevo Leon, and in the Sierra Arteaga of Coahuila, where it occurs
mostly at elevations of 2600-3250 meters. It is known from only one collection
in Coahuila (slightly north of Cerro Potosi), but it should be expected to
occur more abundantly there, as do many other species with a similar pattern

432 PRY TOLO GAA volume 73(6):429-434 December 1992

of geographic distribution.

Based on records of specimens in. LL,TEX, ca. 11 species of Sisyrinchium
(acknowledging the caveats below regarding taxonomic difficulties within the
S. scabrum Schlecht. & Cham. group) in two subgenera are known to occur
in the northeastern Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo Ledén, and Tamauli-
pas. In subg. Sisyrinchium are the following: 5. novoleonense, the S. scabrum
group (S. scabrum, S. dimorphum R. Oliver, and S. demissum E. Greene), S.
micranthum Cav., and S. biforme Bickn. Sisyrinchtum biforme is a species
known from coastal sites in Texas and Tamaulipas, not approaching the more
montane habitats of the others. Five species of subg. Echthronema that occur
in Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas are discussed in a separate paper
(Nesom in prep.).

Among Mexican and Texan species of subg. Stsyrinchtum, the new species
is similar to S. scabrum in its branched stems, distinctively scabrous leaf and
stem margins, and minutely pubescent ovaries. It differs from all other Mex-
ican and Texan plants of subg. Sisyrinchium particularly in its large flowers
(tepals) and long filament tube. It also differs from S. scabrum in its fewer
flowers per spathe (mostly 1-2 vs. mostly 2-6). In these features, and with its
localized geographic distribution and distinctive habitats, it can be identified
without equivocation.

Sisyrinchtum scabrum has not been recorded for Texas, but Oliver (1970)
noted that S. ensigerum Bickn. (the type from Bexar Co., Texas) shows simi-
larities to it in trans-Pecos Texas, and the two probably are conspecific. Both
also are similar to S. dimorphum (the type from Valverde Co., Texas), which
Oliver (1970) distinguished from S. ensigerum in its relatively longer stems,
spreading-deflexing pedicels shorter than the spathes at anthesis, and its oli-
vaceous color when dried; also, the ovaries of S. dimorphum are glabrous,
compared to the minutely hairy ones of 5. scabrum and other close relatives.
Plants of both species are very similar in vegetative and floral morphology,
lacking well developed rhizomes and with tepals mostly 7-9 mm long and a fil-
ament tube 2-3(-4) mm long. Although S. dimorphum is primarily endemic to
the Edwards Plateau of Texas, it is also known from a few scattered localities
in northern Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. Plants in Chiapas and
Guatemala identified as S. dimorphum (Henrich & Goldblatt 1987) are more
similar in both habit and habitat to S. biforme Bickn. and are better identified
as the latter, although this needs further investigation. Sisyrinchium scabrum
is widely distributed in México, from Oaxaca to Veracruz, Nuevo Leon, and
Coahuila and to Jalisco and Chihuahua in the western part of the country.
The latter is abundant in Nuevo Leon where it occurs at relatively low ele-
vations (ca. 1500-2700 m) compared to S. novoleonense. There are numerous
specimens in LL,TEX of S. scabrum collected from the foothills of both Pena
Nevada and Cerro Potosi.

Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav., another species of subg. Stsyrinchium pe-

Nesom & Hernandez S.: New Sisyrinchium from México 433

ripherally related to S. scabrum, is known from a few collections in south-
central Nuevo Leon at the northern limit of its distribution, extending from
there southward through San Luis Potosi and Veracruz into Central and South
America. It sometimes may appear similar to S. scabrum, but plants of S.
micranthum are annual, without any rhizome, and they generally produce
shorter stems with 0-1 branches, reflexing pedicels, mostly glabrous ovaries,
and smaller spathes, tepals, anthers, and capsules.

Also closely related to Sisyrinchtum scabrum is what can be identified in
northern Coahuila as 5. demissum (the type from Arizona). It differs from
S. scabrum and S. dimorphum in its more strongly developed rhizome and
erect pedicels that conspicuously exceed the spathe. Stsyrinchium demissum,
however, produces flowers in the same size range of 5. scabrum and S. dimor-
phum and appears to intergrade with S. scabrum. Further northwest, formal
varieties have been recognized within S. demissum (Kearney & Peebles 1960),
which appears to intergrade with yet other species (Holmgren 1977; Cholewa
& Henderson 1984). A more detailed study is needed of the S. scabrum group,
particularly in northern México and the southcentral United States, before an
accurate accounting can be given of the variation patterns and corresponding
nomenclature.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Billie Turner and Carol Todzia for their review of the manuscript
and the staff of ASU for a loan of specimens.

LITERATURE CITED

Calderon de Rzedowski, G. & J. Rzedowski. 1985. Stsyrinchium conzat-
tt: (Iridaceae), una nueva especie de las altas montanas del centro de
Mexico. Phytologia 58:371-376.

1990. Iridaceae. Pp. 323-340 in Flora Fanerogamica del Valle
de Meézico. Vol. III. Monocotyledoneae. Inst. Ecologia, Patzcuaro, Mi-
choacan, México.

Cholewa, A.F. & D.M. Henderson. 1984. Biosystematics of Stsyrinchium sec-
tion Bermudiana (Iridaceae) of the Rocky Mountains. Brittonia 36:342-
363.

Goldblatt, P. 1996. Phylogeny and classification of Iridaceae. Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 77:607-627.

434 PHYTOLOGIA volume 73(6):429-434 December 1992

Goldblatt, P., J.E. Henrich, & R.C. Keating. 1989. Seed morphology of
Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae - Sisyrinchieae) and its allies. Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 76:1109-1117.

Goldblatt, P., P. Rudall, & J.E. Henrich. 1990. The genera of the Stsy-
rinchium alliance (Iridaceae: Iridoideae): phylogeny and relationships.
Syst. Bot. 15:497-510.

Greenman, J. 1903. New and otherwise noteworthy angiosperms from México
and Central America. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39:69-120.

Henrich, J.E. & P. Goldblatt. 1987. Mesoamerican Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae):
New species and records and notes on typification. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 74:903-910.

Holmgren, P.K. 1977. Sisyrinchium. Intermountain Fl. 6:538-543.

Kearney, T.H. & R.H. Peebles. 1960. Arizona Flora (ed. 2). University of
California Press, Berkeley, California.

McVaugh, R. 1989. Stsyrinchtum. Flora Novo-Galiciana 15:311-330.

Nesom, G.L. In prep. New species of Stsyrinchium subg. Echthronema (Iri-
daceae) from northern Mexico.

Oliver, R.L. 1969. Sisyrinchtum dimorphum (Iridaceae), a new species from
Texas and Mexico. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55:397.

. 1970. Sisyrinchium. Pp. 425-428 in Correll, D.S. & M.C. Johnston,
Manual of the Vascular Plants of Teras. Texas Research Foundation,
Renner, Texas.

Rudall, P., A.Y. Kenton, & T.J. Lawrence. 1986. An anatomical and chro-

mosomal investigation of Sisyrinchtum and allied genera. Bot. Gaz.
147:466-477.

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):435-438.

UNA ESPECIE NUEVA DE KARWINSKIA (RHAMNACEAE) DE TEHUACAN,
PUEBLA, MEXICO!

Rafael Fernandez Nava
Laboratorio de Botanica Fanerogamica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias
Bioldgicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 17-564, 11410
México, D.F. MEXICO
&

Noemi Waksman

Departamento de Farmacologia y Toxicologia, Facultad de Medicina,
Universidad Auténoma de Nuevo Leon, Apartado Postal 146, Col. Del Valle,
Nuevo Leon, MEXICO

RESUMEN

Se describe Karwinskia tehuacana sp. nov. planta endémica, del
matorral xeréfilo que prosperan en la region de Tehuacan, Puebla. La
especie parece tener afinidad con K. humboldtiana Zucc.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Karwinskta, Rhamnaceae, México, especie

nueva

ABSTRACT

Karwinskia tehuacana sp. nov. is described from the arid scrub
of the region of Tehuacan, Puebla. It is related to K. humboldtiana
Zuce.

KEY WORDS: Karwinskia, Rhamnaceae, México, new species

‘Trabajo parcialmente subsidiado por la S.E.P. 88-01-03.

435

436 PHY TOLO GIA volume 73(6):435-438 December 1992

En el ao de 1988, se colecto una planta del género Karwinskia proveniente
de Tehuacan, Puebla y al revisar ejemplares depositados en los herbarios de
la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas (ENCB) y el Herbario Nacional de
México (MEXU) provenientes de esta misma zona se observaron ejemplares
pertenecientes al mismo taxa que no se pudieron identificar con la ayuda de
la literatura ya existente. Al investigar la identidad de esta especie nos per-
catamos que se trata de una especie nueva para la ciencia y se describe a
continuacion.

Karwinskia tehuacana Fernandez et Waksman, sp. nov. TIPO: MEX-
ICO. Puebla: 6 Km al S de Tepeyehualco, 1 Km al W sobre brecha a
la Cascada de Acatzitzimitla, municipio de Atoyatempan, canada con
vegetacién de matorral xerdfilo, sobre suelo calizo, alt. 1850 m, 28-X-
1988, R. Ferndndez N. 4975 (HOLOTIPO: ENCB; Duplicados por dis-

tribuirse).

Arbor vel frutex, 3-8 m altus; folia simplicia, opposita, peti-
oli 3-5 mm longi, limbi ovato elliptici vel ovato lanceolati, 3-5 cm
longi, 1.5-2.0 cm lati, margine integri, supra viridis citrinus, glabra-
tus, infra cum nervis elevatus. Cymae umbelliformes axillares 3-4
florae. Drupae globosae 10-12 mm longae.

Arbol o arbusto de 3-8 m de alto, ramas glabras, griséceas. Hojas sim-
ples opuestas, laminas ovado-elipticas a ovado-lanceoladas de 3-5 cm de largo,
1.5-2.0 cm de ancho, haz verde-limon, glabro, el envés ligeramente mas palido
y con las nervaduras secundarias muy prominentes, glabro, margen entero,
apice agudo, base aguda a ligeramente redondeada, peciolos de 3-5 mm de
largo, glabros, estipulas deltoides, ca. 0.5 mm de largo, glabras, persistentes.
Inflorescencias dispuestas en cimas axilares de 3-4, pedunculo de 2-3 mm de
largo, glabro; copa floral campanulada de ca. 1.5 mm de largo, glabra; sépalos
deltoides de 1.0-1.5 mm de largo, 1.2-1.5 mm de ancho, con abundantes motas
negras sobre la superficie; pétalos blanco-amarillentos, unguiculados y cimbi-
formes de 1.3-1.5 mm de largo, 0.8-1. mm de ancho; estambres envueltos par-
cialmente por los pétalos, anteras café-amarillentas de 0.5-0.8 mm de largo;
disco no muy evidente, verdoso, estilo bilobado en el apice, estigmas dos pa-
pilosos. Fruto drupaceo, verde en la juventud, que se torna a rojo y después a
negro en la madurez, globoso a subgloboso de 10-12 mm de diametro. Semillas
2-3 elipsoides de ca. 5 mm de largo, blanco-amarillentas, lisas.

Material adicional examinado: MEXICO. Puebla: Cascadas de Acatz-
itzimitla, 9 Km al SE de Tepeyehualco, municipio de Atoyatempan, canada
con vegetacion de matorral xerofilo, suelos calizos, alt. 1850 m, 17-XI-1984,
R. Ferndndez N. 2630 (ENCB); canada de Acatzitzimitla, municipio de Atoy-
atempan, canada con vegetacion de matorral alto con Bambusa, 28-V1-1982,

Fernandez N. & Waksman: Una nueva Karwinskia de México 437

=# })
"adi

vi

pF = er SSN Wij ee, if Kip
= <SS> : lecaas ee Ss ae oe
sy Sk wwe
PG
ao —
Z

iy _f

fez

\S =< >»
EZZ

438 PHYTOL OGIA volume 73(6):435-438 December 1992

F.G. Medrano 12663 (MEXU); 1 Km al W de Nopala, brecha a Atexcal,
municipio de Teontepec, canada con vegetacién de matorral calcicola mixto
con Brahea nitida, B. dulcts, Dasylirion sp., 27-IX-1984, P. Tenorio L. 7455
(ENCB); barranca de Tentzo, 12 Km al W de Molcaxac, carr. a Huatlatlauca,
municipio de Huatlatlauca, vegetacion de matorral calcicola mixto primario,
22-X-1986, P. Tenorio L. 12182 (ENCB,MEXU); meseta de San Lorenzo, 8
Km al W de Tehuacan, camino a Tecamachalco, municipio de Tehuacan, veg-
etacion de matorral, 27-VI-1987, E. Martinez S. 21690 (ENCB,MEXU).

Distribucién y habitat: sdlo se conoce de la zona de Tehuacan, en sitios
con matorral xerofilo, que prosperan sobre suelos calizos.

Periodo de maxima floracion: junio-julio. Periodo de maxima fructifi-
cacion: septiembre-noviembre.

Karwinskia tehuacana se asemeja a K. humboldtiana Zucc., especie ampli-
amente distribuida en México (Fernandez 1988), pero difiere conspicuamente
en sus hojas y frutos. Las hojas presentan un color verde limon muy llamativo
aun en los ejemplares ya herborizados, las nervaduras secundarias del envés
se presentan muy resaltadas y el tamano de los frutos es notablemente mas
grande. Es muy probable que estas especies presenten una evolucién paralela;
sin embargo, en estos momentos es dificil tener un esquema de la filogenia
del género Karwinskia, esperamos en un futuro cercano tener los elementos
necesarios para proponer dicho esquema.

AGRADECIMIENTOS

Se agradece a las autoridades de los herbarios ENCB y MEXU las facili-
dades prestadas para la consulta del material.

La Dra. Concepcion Rodriguez y la Bidl. Ma. de la Luz Arreguin tuvieron
la amabilidad de leer criticamente el manuscrito.

El bidlogo Alfonso Barbosa es el autor de la ilustracién de este articulo.

LITERATURA CITADA

Fernandez, N.R. 1988. El Género Karwinskia Zucc. (Rhamnaceae) en México.
Tesis. M. en C. Esc. Nac. de Ciencias Bioldgicas. México, D.F. 89 pp.

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):439-444.

OBSERVATIONS ON TOOTHACHE GRASS (CTENIUM AROMATICUM
[POACEAE: CHLORIDEAE]) WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO FIRE

M.H. MacRoberts & B.R. MacRoberts
Bog Research, 740 Columbia, Shreveport, Louisiana 71104 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Ctenium aromaticum is fire dependent. In Louisiana we have ob-
served that flowering is confined to the first postfire growing season.
Experiments with mechanical removal of litter produced interesting but
not consistent results.

KEY WORDS: Ctentum aromaticum, bog, fire, Kisatchie National

Forest, Poaceae

During our work on Louisiana bogs (MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1988,
1990a, 1991, 1992), we have had the opportunity to observe the effect of fire,
usually by way of prescribed dormant season (winter) burns, on various plant
species (MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1990b). One of these is a perennial grass,
Ctentum aromaticum (Walt.) Wood, coloquially known as toothache grass.

Toothache grass is a common bog species. Its range extends along the
southern coastal plain from Virginia to Florida, westward to western Louisiana.
Ctenium is the dominant ground cover in some of the bogs we have studied
(MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1991); while in others it is entirely absent (Mac-
Roberts & MacRoberts 1988, 1990a, 1992). It is a conspicuous grass, growing
in clumps. The erect flowering culms are up to 140 cm tall with as many as
40 inflorescences per square meter. In some bogs in western Louisiana there
are hundreds of thousands of inflorescences.

We first became aware that there was some relationship between fire and
Ctenium flowering when we spent a couple of days (15 and 16 June 1990) in
the pine savannahs near Lake Ramsay, a few miles northwest of Covington,
Louisiana. We noted that in a large savannah bisected by a road, flower-
ing Ctenium blanketed the side that had been burned the previous winter;
whereas on the other side of the road, which had not been burned, Ctentum
had not put up any new flowering stems. In another instance, on the unburned

439

440 PHYTOLOGIA volume 73(6):439-444 December 1992

side of a fire line through a savannah there were only old Ctentum flowering
stems; whereas on the other side, which had been burned only a few months
previously, Ctenium flowered profusely.

In 1991 we were presented with a test of our earlier observations. In a
section of the Kisatchie Ranger District of the Kisatchie National Forest, where
we do much of our bog research and where all of the bogs have Ctentum,
the Forest Service regularly sets prescribed burns. In February 1990, they
burned three compartments containing twenty-seven bogs. Ctenium bloomed
profusely in all of these bogs that summer. In early 1991, the Forest Service
burned only one of these three compartments containing 14; bogs (one bog
straddles two compartments and had a fire line through it; another bog only
partly burned presumably because of high moisture content). Between July
13 and August 3, 1991, we surveyed these twenty-seven bogs.

The results of the survey were clear: Ctenium flowered in profusion in all
bogs or parts of bogs burned in 1991; only old stems were present in unburned
bogs. The bog that straddles two compartments and the bog that only partly
burned provide the test. In both cases, Ctenitum did not flower in the unburned
portions but flowered in the burned portions. Counting the half bogs, 14 (13
+ 5 + 5) bogs were burned and flowered, while 13 (12 + } + }) were not
burned and did not flower.

We have subsequently made many similar observations on toothache grass
in the Kisatchie Ranger District and in the Vernon Ranger District. It is
such a consistent indicator of fire history that we now use the condition of
Ctenium flower stalks (since they do not readily drop) as the best indicator
for determining when a bog last burned. New flower stalks signify that it was
burned since the last growing season, old but standing flower stalks indicate
one year past, bedraggled stalks indicate that an area was burned two years
ago, and no stalks but leaf clumps that it was burned three or more years ago.

In order to further test the relationship between fire and Ctenium (flowering
on January 4 and 11, 1992) we established 22 permanent one meter square plots
in Ctentum-rich areas of eight bogs in the Kisatchie Ranger District. Each plot
was sickled and carefully raked to remove litter. In bogs where it is present,
Ctenium is the major source of litter, which is often so deep that it obscures
the ground. All plots were established in bogs that had the same fire history;
they had been burned two years ago. Four of the bogs (11 plots) were burned
in early February 1992, while the other four bogs (11 plots) were not burned.
The nonplot portions of all bogs acted as the control. Our purpose was to see
whether the removal of litter without fire would have the same effect as its
removal by fire (see Facelli & Pickett 1991).

On June 6, 1992, when the Ctenium in the burned bogs was in full flower
we examined all of the plots. The Ctenium in unburned plots did not put
up inflorescences (nor did any of the Ctenium elsewhere in these bogs), while
Ctenium in plats in burned bogs flowered (as did Ctenium throughout these

MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Observations on toothache grass 44]

bogs). On June 6, the plots in both burnt and unburnt bogs were open: bare
soil and small forbs, such as Drosera, Chaptalia, Utricularia, and Xyris, were
visible. The absence of litter, therefore, does not seem to be the controlling
factor in Ctenium flowering. What was somewhat surprising was that the
Ctenium in the cleared plots in burned bogs flowered even though these plants
could not have burned much since most of the litter had been removed. How
hot the fire became in such plots is not known, but perhaps close proximity to
high temperatures produced by adjacent litter may have helped to produce the
effect. Larger plots might have shown a central/peripheral effect (eliminating
the possibility of an edge effect) and should be considered in future studies.
However, in our experience, one meter plots should be sufficiently large since,
in bogs that have not completely burnt, at the burn edge there is always a
sharp line of flowering and nonflowering Ctenium within inches of one another.

While it is a common observation that winter or spring burns usually stim-
ulate greater growth and flowering in grasses, flowering entirely confined to
the first postfire growing season is apparently rare (Biswell & Lemon 1943,
Daubenmire 1968, Komarek 1974, Vogl 1974, Knapp & Seastedt 1986, Stolzen-
burg 1991, Christensen 1988, Robbins & Myers 1989). This apparent depen-
dence in Ctenium, insofar as we have been able to discover, has not been
previously reported (but see comments by Grelen & Hughes 1984:46).

The relationship of Ctentum and fire may not be so simple as this, how-
ever. Steve Orzell and Edwin Bridges (pers. comm). report that, while both
nongrowing season and growing season burns produce a dramatic display of
flowering in Ctenium, they have seen individual plants flower in areas where
there has not been any recent fire. While Orzell & Bridges do not give quanti-
tative data, out of the tens of thousands of plants we have observed, we have
only seen a few that had bloomed in the absence of fire.

However, let us make one caveat to the above. When we initially estab-
lished our meter plots to determine if mechanical clearing affected flowering, we
established some backup plots on the Vernon Ranger District of the Kisatchie
National Forest 60 km to the south of our study plots. We did not re-examine
these since they were not needed. But as fate would have it, we had a pot-
ted Ctenium plant at our home and it produced a single flower stalk in late
July. This plant had not been burned. We therefore decided that we should
check our plots to see if flowering might be delayed. We examined five of the
Vernon Ranger District backup plots on August 4. The bogs in which they
were established had not been burned the previous year and there were no
new flower stems. But in the five plots, there were 0, 1, 3, 9, and 25 stems
in flower. None of these plots showed any ground disturbance additional to
the mechanical clearing we had done or any other factors that might account
for flowering. Although this is a drastic reduction in flowering as compared to
burned plots, it is lowering nonetheless. The next day we re-examined all 11
plots on the Kisatchie Ranger District. None had flowers!

442 PHY TOLOGTA volume 73(6):439-444 December 1992

Clearly, additional observations are required to establish the factors in-
volved in stimulating flowering in Ctentum. Perhaps there are regional or site
specific differences affecting or complicating Ctentum flowering as appears to
be the case with other grasses (e.g., Robbins & Myers 1989), factors that would
be interesting to explore further.

It has long been thought that southeastern bogs and savannahs, like many
other plant communities within the longleaf pine ecosystem, are maintained by
fire (Folkerts 1982, Smith 1991, Frost et al. 1986, Martin & Smith 1991, Platt
et al. 1988, Robbins & Myers 1989, Bridges & Orzell 1989, Noss 1988, Olsen
1992). The existence of a fire dependent species like Ctenium aromaticum,
which is fidel to bogs and wet savannahs, certainly strengthens this view.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The continuing cooperation and assistance of the staff of the Kisatchie
National Forest have been instrumental in making this study, as in all our
botanical work, possible. Latimore Smith and Nelwyn McInnis, Louisiana
Natural Heritage Program, directed us to the Lake Ramsay savannahs. D.T.
MacRoberts and Jay Wipff commented on an earlier version of this paper. Jay
Wipff, Steve Orzell, and Edwin Bridges shared their observations with us.

LITERATURE CITED

Biswell, H.H. & P.C. Lemon. 1943. Effects of fire upon seedstalk production
in range grasses. J. Forestry 41:844.

Bridges, E.L. & S.L. Orzell. 1989. Longleaf pine communities of the west
gulf coastal plain. Natural Areas Journal 9:246-263.

Christensen, N.L. 1988. Vegetation of the southeastern coastal plain. In
M.G. Barbour & W.D. Billings, eds., North American Terrestrial Vege-
tation. Pp. 318-363. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York.

Daubenmire, R. 1968. Ecology of fire in grasslands. Advances in Ecological
Research 5:209-226.

Facelli, J.M. & S.T.A. Pickett. 1991. Plant litter: Its dynamics and effects

on plant community structure. Botanical Review 57:1-32.

Folkerts, G.W. 1982. The gulf coast pitcher plant bogs. American Scientist
70:260-267.

MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Observations on toothache grass 443

Frost, C.C., J. Walker, & R.K. Peet. 1986. Fire dependent savannas and
prairies of the southeast. Jn D.L. Kulhavy & R.N. Conner, eds., Wilder-
ness and Natural Areas of the Eastern United States. P. 348-357. Center
for Applied Studies, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches,
Texas.

Grelen, H.E. & R.H. Hughes. 1984. Common herbaceous plants of southern
forest range. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Research Paper SO-210.

Knapp, A.K. & T.R. Seastedt. 1986. Detritus accumulation limits produc-
tivity of tallgrass prairie. BioScience 36:662-668.

Komarek, E.V. 1974. Effects of fire on temperate forests and related ecosys-
tems: southeastern United States. Jn T.T. Kozlowski & C.E. Ahlgren,
eds., Fire and Ecosystems. Pp. 251-277. Academic Press, New York,
New York.

MacRoberts, B.R. & M.H. MacRoberts. 1988. Floristic composition of two
west Louisiana pitcher plant bogs. Phytologia 65:184-190.

. 1990a. Vascular flora of two west Louisiana pitcher plant
bogs. Phytologia 68:271-275.

. 1991. Floristics of three bogs in western Louisiana. Phytolo-
gia 70:135-141.

. 1992. Floristics of four small bogs in western Louisiana with
observations on species/area relationships. Phytologia 73:49-56.

MacRoberts, M.H. & B.R. MacRoberts. 1990b. Notes on the occurrence
of Platanthera integra (Nutt.) ex Beck (Orchidaceae) in west central
Louisiana. Phytologia 69:378-381.

Martin, D.L. & L.M. Smith. 1991. A survey and description of the natural
plant communities of the Kisatchie National Forest Winn and Kisatchie
Districts. Unpublished report, Louisiana Natural Heritage Program, De-
partment of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Noss, R.F. 1988. The longleaf pine landscape of the southeast: Almost gone
and almost forgotten. Endangered Species Update 5(5):1-8.

Olsen, M.S. 1992. Effects of early and late growing season fires on resprouting
of shrubs in Longleaf pine savannas and embedded seepage savannas.
M.S. Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Platt, W.J., G.W. Evans, & S.L. Rathbun. 1988. The population dynamics
of a long-lived conifer (Pinus palustris). Amer. Nat. 31:491-525.

444 PHY TOLOGIA volume 73(6):439-444 December 1992

Robbins, L.E. & R.L. Myers. 1989. Seasonal effects of prescribed burning in
Florida: A review. The Nature Conservancy. Tallahassee, Florida.

Smith, L.M. 1991. Louisiana longleaf an endangered legacy. Louisiana Con-
servationist. May/June 24-27.

Stolzenburg, W. 1991. The wiregrass mystery. Nature Conservancy 41:28-29.

Vogl, R.J. 1974. Effects of fire on grasslands. Jn T.T. Kozowski & C.E.
Ahigren, eds., Fire and Ecosystems. Pp. 139-194. Academic Press, New
York, New York.

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):445-448.

STUDIES ON THE GENUS B/DENS L. (COMPOSITAE) FROM THE EASTERN
HEMISPHERE. 4. A NEW SPECIES FROM ETHIOPIA

T.G.J. Rayner

Department of Botany, Plant Science Laboratories, University of Reading,
Whiteknights, P.O. Box 221, Reading, RG6 2AS, U.K.

ABSTRACT

A new species, Bidens kefensis T.G.J. Rayner, is described from
the Kefa administrative region of Ethiopia. It is shown to be a very
distinctive taxon, perhaps most closely related to B. ugandensis (S.
Moore) Sherff from which it is primarily distinguished by its fewer ray
florets, annular thickening at the base of the limb of the disc floret
corollas, and dorsally produced cartilaginous corona of the cypselas.

KEY WORDS: Bidens, Compositae, taxonomy, Ethiopia

During continuing revisional studies of Eastern hemisphere Bidens, a collec-
tion from Ethiopia with distinctive capitular characters was discovered among
specimens housed at MO and WAG. An examination of the revision of Bidens
in northeastern tropical Africa by Mesfin (1984) has failed to reveal any species
possessing the same characters. Thus it is here described as a new species.

Bidens kefensis T.G.J. Rayner, sp. nov. TYPE: ETHIOPIA. Kefa admin-
istrative region, about 10 km SW of Jima, 18 Dec. 1965, W.J.J.O. de
Wilde, cum suis, 9266 (HOLOTYPE: WAG; Isotypes: MO,WAG).

Species nova haec similis Bidenti ugandenst (S. Moore) Sherff
sed ab ea differt plantis tantum usque ad centum viginti centime-
tra altis, caulibus simplicibus aut ad basem ramosis, foliis om-
nibus oppositis, laminis foliorum indivisis aut lobatis non pinnati-
sectis, involucris glabris aut ad basem sparsim hispidis-pubentibus,
phyllariis exterioribus uniseriatis linearibus supra parum dilatatis
aut linearibus-oblanceolatis, flosculis radii sex aut septem, corol-
lis flosculorum disci ad basem limbi annulare parum incrassatis,

445

446 PHY TOLOGIA volume 73(6):445-448 December 1992

filis staminum tantum 0.7-1.4 millimetris longis, ramis stigmatum
solummodo 1.0-1.2 millimetris longis, cypselis tantum 3.5-4.4 mil-
limetris longis, apice glabris et corona straminea cartilaginea dor-
saliter producta usque ad 0.35 millimetri longa 0.7 millimetri lata
instructis, aristis cypselarum (ubi adsunt) nudis tantum usque ad
0.4 millimetri longis, carpopodio cartilagineo parum dorsaliter pro-
ducto usque ad 0.2 millimetri longo basi instructis.

Perennial herbs, to 0.8-1.2 m tall; stems arising from a woody rootstock,
sometimes prostrate below, erect above, simple or branched at base; stems and
branches more or less terete or subtetragonal above, 1.6-2.4 mm diam. near
base, to 0.6-1.3 mm diam. beneath peduncles, striate-sulcate above, somewhat
irregularly sulcate below, dark brown toward base, becoming pale green or pale
green-yellow above, woody from base up to ca. 1/3 of length of stem, glabrous
or, especially above, with isolated, minute (ca. 0.1-0.2 mm long), erect, unis-
eriate, few-cellular hairs. Leaves decussate, sessile, 0.4-7.4 cm long x 0.8-6.8
mm wide, the largest generally toward the middle, more or less gradually re-
duced above and below, linear or narrowly ovate linear to narrowly elliptic
in outline; apex acute to subacute, callose indurated; bases narrowly cuneate
from about middle of lamina or below, connate; margin entire or serrate to
serrate incised or more rarely deeply linear lobed, sometimes slightly revolute
or involute and callose indurated; teeth or lobes 1-3 on each side, 0.8-6.2 mm
long, acute, callose indurated and slightly mucronate; lamina somewhat cori-
aceous, pale olive-green, faces glabrous or sparsely hispidulous, margin with
more or less 2 rows of antrorse, hispidulous hairs especially in the upper half
of the leaf. Capitula radiate, heterogamous, erect, 2.7-3.8 cm diam. x 6-7
mm high at anthesis, to 9 mm high in fruit, solitary or 2-3 in lax cymes at
apices of stems and branches; receptacles flat or slightly convex; peduncles
to 2.6-9.8 cm long, very slender, 0.3-0.6 mm diam. at anthesis, to 0.9 mm
diam. in fruit, tetragonal to more or less terete, striate-sulcate, glabrous or
sparsely pubescent, sometimes somewhat densely pubescent in upper part;
ebracteate or with 1-3 alternate bracts resembling the outer phyllaries. In-
volucre depressed hemispheric, glabrous or sparsely hispid-pubescent at base;
outer phyllaries uniseriate, 7-9, linear and slightly dilated above to narrowly
obovate linear, with a subacute to obtuse, callose indurated and mucronulate
apex, entire at margin, 3.2-3.7 mm long x 0.7-0.8 mm wide at anthesis, to
4.3 mm long in fruit, erect, green, sometimes darkened at apex, with 1-3 red
nerves, glabrous; inner phyllaries uniseriate, 6-7, ovate to ovate elliptic and
often attenuate from about middle, subabruptly narrowed near the more or
less acute to subobtuse apex, 4.1-5.0 mm long x 1.6-1.9 mm wide at anthesis,
to 6.1 mm long x to 2.3 mm wide in fruit, erect, membranous, dark brown to
stramineous or yellow, darkest toward base and at apex, with 10-15 red-brown
nerves, glabrous or dorsal surface sparsely pubescent chiefly along the median

Rayner: Studies of Eastern Hemisphere Bidens 4 447

nerve or somewhat densely so especially toward the puberulous apex. Ray
florets 6-7, neuter; ovary more or less oblong, 1.0-1.3 mm long x 0.7-0.8 mm
wide, glabrous, exaristate, style absent; corolla tube 1.4-1.8 mm long, glabrous
- or more or less pubescent; ray yellow or yellow orange, oblong to elliptic or
ovate oblong, 1.4-1.5 cm long x 5.3-5.8 mm wide, with 8-13 red-brown nerves,
glabrous; apex rounded or subobtuse, entire or subentire to slightly cuspidate
or emarginate, sinus to 0.3 mm deep. Paleae narrowly oblong or narrowly
elliptic-oblong, gradually attenuate above to the subacute to obtuse or some-
what rounded and often slightly mucronate apex, entire at margin, 4.5-6.0
mm long x 0.8-0.9 mm wide at anthesis, to 6.6 mm long in fruit, membra-
nous, glabrous, pale yellow, slightly darkened toward apex, with 1-3 pairs of
red or orange brown nerves, especially the central pair darker above, the lat-
eral pairs sometimes coloured only toward middle. Disc florets 22-31; corolle
yellow or orange yellow, glabrous or lobes dorsally sparsely pubescent; limb
campanulate, 2.4-2.6 mm long x 1.0-1.4 mm wide, slightly annularly thickened
at base, apex (4-)5 lobed; lobes triangular, acute at apex, 0.5-0.6 mm long x
0.5-0.6 mm wide at base, papillate on margin; limb gradually or subabruptly
attenuate below into a narrow, 1.1-1.2 mm long x 0.4-0.5 mm wide, terete
tube; anthers 1.8-2.0 mm long x 0.5-0.8 mm wide, brown; endothecial tis-
sue with polarized thickening; apical appendages narrowly ovate-triangular,
obtuse at apex, 0.4-0.5 mm long x 0.25-0.30 mm wide, often with a dark
brown longitudinal median nerve, margins recurved; basal appendages sagit-
tate, not or just reaching base of the filament collar; collar 0.5-0.6 mm long x
0.15-0.20 mm wide; filament 0.7-1.4 mm long, involute; style 3.7-5.5 mm long,
bulbous or at least slightly dilated at base, with caudate, 1.0-1.2 mm long
branches; stylopodium cylindric. Cypselas unwinged but margin usually with
a narrow (to 0.05 mm wide) and often interrupted, light brown, cartilaginous
extension; body oblong or oblong elliptic, 3.5-4.4 mm long x 1.3-1.7 mm wide,
grey-black, strongly compressed, dorsal face convex or somewhat carinate, ven-
tral face concave with a raised median rib, both faces 4 to 10 striate-sulcate
and glabrous or subsparsely erect setose chiefly above, the setae often aris-
ing from light brown tubercles, margins more or less densely erect setose, the
setae generally becoming slightly longer toward the apex; apex surmounted
by a corona, glabrous; corona stramineous, cartilaginous, dorsally produced,
slightly flattened, laterally biaristate or rarely exaristate, to 0.10-0.35 mm tall
x 0.5-0.7 mm wide; aristae erect or slightly divergent, rounded-trigonous at
base, subulate above, pale yellow, to 0.15-0.40 mm long x ca. 0.06 mm wide at
base, nude; base of cypsela with a short (to 0.1-0.2 mm long), slightly dorsally
produced, cartilaginous flaplike carpopodium.

Bidens kefensts is apparently endemic to the highlands of southwestern
Ethiopia, being known at present only from the type locality near Jima. It
was described by de Wilde as growing in a marshy place at an altitude of ca.
1800 m.

448 PHYTOLO GIA volume 73(6):445-448 December 1992

It is a distinctive species with no known near relatives in Ethiopia, and
is perhaps most closely related to: Bidens ugandensis (S. Moore) Sherff from
western central Africa. Bidens kefensis, however, differs from this species in
the following ways: stems only to 1.2 m tall (to 2.3 m tall in B. ugandensis),
simple or branched at base (not sometimes branched above); leaves all opposite
(not uppermost sometimes alternate), with lamina undivided or lobed (not
often pinnatisect); involucre glabrous or sparsely hispid pubescent at base
(not densely hispid at base); outer phyllaries 1 seriate (not 1 to 2 seriate),
linear and slightly dilated above or linear-oblanceolate (not linear to narrowly
ovate or narrowly elliptic); ray florets 6-7 (not 8-16); corolla of disc florets
slightly annularly thickened at base of limb (not unthickened); filaments of
the stamens 0.7-1.4 mm long (not 3.6-4.4 mm long); stylar branches 1.0-1.2
mm long (not 1.4-2.2 mm long); cypselas 3.5-4.4 mm long (not 4.3-14.1 mm
long), apex glabrous, with a stramineous, cartilaginous, dorsally produced, to
0.35 mm long x to 0.7 mm wide corona (not subsparsely to somewhat densely
erect setose); aristae to 0.4 mm long, nude (not to 3.1 mm long and often
barbed); base of cypsela with a cartilaginous, slightly dorsally produced, to
0.2 mm long carpopodium (not hollow and encircled by a cartilaginous, to 0.4
mm long carpopodium).

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am most grateful to C. Jeffrey (K) for correcting the Latin diagnosis.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mesfin Tadesse. 1984. The genus Bidens (Compositae) in NE tropical Africa.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 24(1):138 pp.

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):449-455.

THE GOLDENASTERS OF CALIFORNIA, HETEROTHECA (COMPOSITAE:
ASTEREAE): NEW NAMES AND COMBINATIONS

John C. Semple

Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario,
CANADA N2L 3G1

ABSTRACT

Extensive field work and herbarium specimen studies on the golden-
asters of California indicated that a number of new names and combina-
tions are required. The following new names and combinations are pro-
posed: Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners ssp. bolanderi (A.
Gray) Semple, H. sessiliflora ssp. echioides (Benth.) Semple, H. ses-
siliflora ssp. echioides var. bolanderioides Semple, H. sessilifiora
ssp. echioides var. camphorata (Eastwood) Semple, H. sessiliflora
ssp. fastigiata (E. Greene) Semple, H. sessilifiora ssp. fastigiata
var. sanjacintensis Semple, H. villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. scabra
(Eastwood) Semple, H. villosa var. shevockii Semple.

KEY WORDS: Heterotheca, Compositae, Astereae, California,
Goldenasters

The following new combinations and names are required for use in the
forthcoming The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California (J.C. Hickman,
ed. 1993). Justification for the nomenclatural changes and additions will be
presented in full elsewhere. Nomenclatural changes are based on examination
of hundreds of herbarium specimens, field work conducted over a ten year
period, and multivariate morphometric analyses of the Heterotheca sessilfiora
and H. villosa complexes. All specimens cited below, including types, were
examined during the course of the study.

Heterotheca sessilifiora (Nutt.) Shinners ssp. bolanderi (A. Gray) Sem-
ple, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Chrysopsts bolanderi A. Gray,
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6:543. 1866. Chrysopsts villosa (Pursh) Nutt.

449

450 PHYTOLOGIA volume 73(6):449-455 December 1992

var. bolanderi (A. Gray) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2):123. 1884.
Heterotheca bolanderi (A. Gray) Harms, Brittonia 26:61. 1974. TYPE:
U.S.A. California: Oakland Hills near San Francisco, 1863, Bolander
2466 (HOLOTYPE: GH; Isotypes: K,US).

Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners ssp. echioides (Benth.) Sem-
ple, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Chrysopsis echiotdes Benth., Bot.
Voy. Sulphur 25. 1844. Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. echtotdes
(Benth.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2):123. 1884. Heterotheca
echioides (Benth.) Shinners, Field & Lab. 19:71. 1951. TYPE: U.S.A.
California: Bodegas, Hinds s.n. (HOLOTYPE: K).

Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners ssp. echioides (Benth.) Sem-
ple var. bolanderioides Semple, var. nov. TYPE: U.S.A. California:
Contra Costa Co., Charles Tilden Reg. Park, Vollmer Peak. Scattered
population along ridge top, in rocks and loose gravel in grassy area be-
tween shrubs, 16 Aug 1990, 2n = 36, Semple, Suripto, & Ahmed 9339
(HOLOTYPE: UC; Isotypes: CAN,CAS,MO,NY,RSA,WAT).

Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners ssp. echioides (Benth.)
Semple var. echioides accedens sed foliis intermediusque interdum
dense strigosibus longibus, involucris grandibus, capitulescentiis
corymbiformibus compactibus.

Perennial from stout woody taproots, the stems several to many, ascending-
erect, 17-45 cm tall, sparsely to densely strigose-hispid, the hispid hairs fewer
than the shorter appressed ones, sometimes becoming more glandular and
sparsely pubescent above. Lower stem leaves oblanceolate, 15-45 mm long, 4.5-
10. mm wide, subpetiolate to sessile, cuneate, acute, mucronate, moderately
to densely hispid-strigose on both surfaces; margins entire, strigose, longest
hispid hairs near base, not undulate. Upper stem leaves lanceolate to elliptic,
sessile, slightly reduced upward, 11-35 mm long, 3.5-7.5 mm wide, sparsely
to densely villous-strigose (5-80 hairs/mm?”), moderately to densely glandu-
lar (7-40 glands/mm7”), acute to obtuse, mucronate. Capitulescence cymose-
paniculiform, heads (1-)4-16; peduncles as upper stems to more glandular,
bracts few, lower ones oblanceolate, like leaves, sometimes reduced upward
to < 5 mm, those immediately below head 4-11 mm long, 0.8-4.0 mm wide.
Involucres cylindrical to campanulate when fresh, campanulate-hemispheric
upon drying, (7-)8-11(-12) mm tall; phyllaries in 4-5 imbricate series, outer
1/4-1/3 length of inner, narrowly triangular; mid series lanceolate, sparsely

Semple: New names and combinations in Heterotheca 451

to moderately glandular, sparsely to moderately strigose, margins hyaline,
fimbriate-ciliate apically; inner ones similar. Ray florets 7-16, strap yellow,
4.5-10. mm long, 0.7-2.4 mm wide. Disc florets 28-70, yellow, glabrous, corolla
barely ampliate, 5.5-7.5 mm long, lobes 0.4-1.0-mm long, sparsely strigose,
hairs 0.3-0.7 mm long. Achenes 3-4 mm long, moderately to densely strigose;
pappus off white, double, outer whorl of a few linear scales 0.25-0.50 mm long,
inner whorl of 35-45 barbellate bristles 5.5-8.0 mm long. Chromosome number:
2n = 36.

PARATYPES: U.S.A. California: Santa Clara Co.: Page Mill Rd. NE of
CA-35, 21 Sep 1987, Semple & Chmielewski 8915 (WAT). Marin Co.: San
Geronimo, grass covered rocky ridge N. of golf course, common on slope above
and below Nicasio valley road, large number of plants, 15 Aug 1990, Semple,
Suripto, & Ahmed 9883 (WAT). Santa Cruz Co.: W of Palo Alto, CA-35
17.5 km SE of CA-84, Semple & Chmielewski 8918 (WAT); CA-35 NW of
Saratoga, high elevation, Semple & Semple 5670 (JCS-personal herbarium,
MO,MT,UC,USF,WAT). {Additional duplicates to be distributed].

Variety bolanderioides is endemic to serpentine soils mostly on hill and
mountain tops surrounding San Francisco Bay. As the name indicates, it is
similar to ssp. bolandert in which most collections of the taxon have been placed
in the past. Individuals of var. bolandertoides can be similar in indument to
diploid (rarely tetraploid) var. camphorata, which has relatively few hairs (for
the ssp.) on its upper stem and rameal leaves, and to diploid var. echioides,
which usually has a leaf indument of dense hispid and strigose hairs obscuring
the underlying glands and smaller involucres. It is uncertain whether var.
bolanderioides is a tetraploid derivative of var. echtoides or whether it may be
an allopolyploid involving ssp. echiotdes and ssp. bolanderi.

Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners ssp. echioides (Benth.) Semple
var. camphorata (Eastwood) Semple, var. nov. BASIONYM: Chrysop-
sis camphorata Eastwood, Zoe 5:81. 1900. Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh)
Nutt. var. camphorata (Eastwood) Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 1036.
1925. Heterotheca camphorata (Eastwood) Semple, Canad. J. Bot. 58:148.
1980. TYPE: U.S.A. California: Santa Cruz Co.; Glenwood, Jul 1900,
Davis s.n. (HOLOTYPE: CAS; Isotypes: DS,GH(2),NY(2),RM(3),UC,
US).

Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners ssp. fastigiata (E. Greene) Sem-
ple, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Chrysopsts fastigiata E. Greene,
Pittonia 3:296. 1898. Chrysopsts villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. fastigiata
(E. Greene) H.M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3:43. 1907. Het-
erotheca fastigiata (E. Greene) Harms, Brittonia 26:61. 1974. TYPE:

452 PBYA.O DO GLA volume 73(6):449-455 December 1992

U.S.A. California: San Bernardino Mts, 1000-1500’ [not 10000-15000 as
in protologue], 15 Oct 1895, Parish 3815 (HOLOTYPE: NDG; Isotypes:
CAS,GH,UC,US).

Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners ssp. fastigiata (E. Greene) Sem-
ple var. sanjacintensis Semple, var. nov. TYPE: U.S.A. California:
Riverside Co., CA-243 just S of Idyllwild Park at Manzanita Drive, 30
Sep 1987, 2n = 97;, Semple & Chmielewski 8982 (HOLOTYPE: WAT;
Isotypes (all shoots from same plant): CAS,MT,NY,RSA,UC).

Heterotheca sessiliflora(Nutt.) Shinners ssp. fastigrata (E. Greene)
Semple var. fastigiata accedens sed foliis utrinque sparsusque vel
intermediusque interdum densis strigosibus et hispidibus, utrinque
intermediusque vel densis glandulibus, viridibus non albibus nec
canescentibus.

Perennial from stout woody taproots, the stems several to many, ascending-
erect, 35-105 cm tall, moderately appressed strigose-hispid (hairs often broken
off), becoming densely glandular and moderately pubescent above. Lower
stem leaves oblanceolate, 12-38 mm long, 3-8 mm wide, subsessile, cuneate,
acute, moderately (rarely densely) hispid-strigose on both surfaces; margins
entire, strigose, longer hispid hairs near base, undulate. Upper stem leaves
lanceolate, sessile, reduced upward, 11-20 mm long, 3.5-6.5 mm wide, sparsely
to densely glandular (6-42 glands/mm7’), sparsely to densely short strigose (27-
150 hairs/mm7?), margins usually distinctly undulate. Capitulescence cymose-
paniculiform, branches ascending, heads 5-60. Peduncles densely glandular,
bracts few, lower ones lanceolate, leaflike, reduced upward to 0.5-1.5 mm long,
0.3-1.0 mm wide, phyllarylike. Involucres cylindrical to turbinate when fresh,
campanulate upon drying, 7.5-12. mm high; phyllaries in 5-6 imbricate series,
outer 1/5-1/4 length of inner, mid series narrowly triangular, moderately glan-
dular, very sparsely strigose, margins hyaline, fimbriate-ciliate apically. Ray
florets 5-13, strap yellow, 3.5-5.0 mm long, 0.8-1.8 mm wide. Disc florets 25-45,
yellow, corolla somewhat ampliate, 5.3-7.5 mm long, lobes 0.4-0.8 mm long,
sparsely pilose, hairs 0.25-0.50 mm long. Achenes 2-3 mm long, moderately
strigose; pappus off white, double, outer whorl of a few linear scales 0.25-0.50
mm long, inner whorl of 25-40 barbellate bristles 6-8 mm long. Chromosome
number: 2n = 18.

PARATYPES: U.S.A. California: Riverside Co.: CA-243 just S of Idyll-
wild Park at Manzanita Drive, 30 Sep 1987, 2n = 9,;, Semple & Chmielewski
8981 (Each shoot from a separate plant: CAN,CAS,DAO,JCS-personal herbar-
ium,MO,OBI,RM,RSA,SD,UC,WAT).

Semple: New names and combinations in Heterotheca 453

Variety sanjacintensts is endemic to the San Jacinto Mountains and Mt.
Palomar areas of southern California. It has a capitulescence form and very
undulate stem leaves that are similar to var. fastigtata, but its leaves are far
less densely strigose than those of var. fastigiata and the hairs are somewhat
longer. Individuals with less undulate leaves are similar to var. camphorata of
ssp. echtoides, which occurs much farther north in California in the Coastal
Range from San Mateo to San Luis Obispo counties.

Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. scabra (Eastwood) Semple,
comb. nov. BASIONYM: Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. scabra
Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2. 6:294. 1896. TYPE: U.S.A.
Utah: San Juan Co., near head of Willow Creek, Eastwood s.n. (HOLO-
TYPE: CAS).

Chrysopsis viscida (A. Gray) E. Greene ssp. cinerascens S.F. Blake,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35:173. 1922. Heterotheca horrida (Rydb.)
Harms ssp. ctnerascens (S.F. Blake) Semple, Brittonia 39:381. 1987.
TYPE: U.S.A. Utah: Beaver Canyon, among rocks in the oak
region, 2 Sept 1909, Tidestrom 2878 (HOLOTYPE: US).

Semple (1987) discussed this taxon under the synonym Heterotheca hor-
rida ssp. cinerascens. Additional work on the genus and the villosa complex
(Semple 1990) resulted in treatment of H. horrida as a synonym of H. villosa
var. hispida (Hook.) Harms. At the varietal level Alice Eastwood’s epithet has
priority over a combination based on Blake’s epithet.

Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. shevockii Semple, var. nov.
TYPE: U.S.A. California: Kern Co., Kern R. Canyon, Bodfish, CA-
178 at Bodfish-Havilah Rd., off of off-ramp, ca. 850 m el., 16 Nov 1981,
Shevock 9110 (HOLOTYPE: CAS; Isotype: WAT).

Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. hispida (Hook.) Harms
accedens sed caulis altae, foliae deltoideae-lanceolatae, glandulissi-
mae, acutae, marginibus plerumque involutibus, involucellis grandi-
bus; chromosomatum numerus 2n = 36.

Perennial from stout woody taproots, the stems several to many, ascending-
erect, 25-135 cm tall, sparsely strigose, moderately hispid (hairs often broken
off in older stems), becoming densely glandular and sparsely hispid-strigose
above. Lower stem leaves oblanceolate to lanceolate, 25-55 mm long, 8-26 mm
wide, subpetiolate to sessile, cuneate, acute, mucronate, moderately hispid-
villous on both surfaces; margins entire, strigose, longer hispid hairs near base.

454 PHY TOLOGTA volume 73(6):449-455 December 1992

Upper stem leaves linear lanceolate to lanceolate, sessile, base abruptly ta-
pering, reduced upward, densely glandular, sparsely villous-strigose. Rameal
leaves much reduced upward, becoming linear to linear oblanceolate. Ca-
pitulescence cymose-paniculiform, heads 3-70, branches elongated in robust
shoots. Peduncles long, densely glandular, sparsely hispid-strigose, bracts few,
lower ones leaflike, greatly reduced upward, becoming linear to oblanceolate,
margins with long hispid hairs. Involucres cylindrical to turbinate when fresh,
campanulate upon drying, 9-13 mm tall; phyllaries in 5-6 imbricate series,
outer 1/5-1/4 length of inner, narrowly triangular, densely glandular, sparsely
strigose especially along the pronounced midvein, margins hyaline, fimbriate-
ciliate apically; midseries linear lanceolate to linear oblanceolate, moderately
hispid apically, margins similar to outer series. Ray florets 9-14(-18), strap
yellow, 5-10 mm long, 0.8-2.0 mm wide. Disc florets (31-)41-68(-77), yellow,
glabrous, corolla barely ampliate, 5.4-7.5 mm long, lobes (0.4-)0.5-0.9(-1.1)
mm long, glabrous or very sparsely strigose, hairs 0.04-0.27 mm long. Achenes
3.5-4.5 mm long, moderately strigose; pappus off white, double, outer whorl of
a few linear scales 0.25-0.50 mm long, inner whorl of 35-45 barbellate bristles
5-7 mm long. Chromosome number: 2n = 36.

PARATYPES: U.S.A. California: Kern Co., Kern R. Canyon, CA-178
8.2 km SE of CA-155, edge of rd. below rock cut, 26 Sept 1987, Semple &
Chmielewsk: 8953 (CAS,JCS-personal herbarium,NY,RSA,UC,WAT); CA-178
25.4 km SW of CA-155, Democrat Hot Springs, Democrat Raft Removal Area,
26 Sept 1987, Semple & Chmielewski 8954 (CAS,RM,RSA,WAT); just E of
Miracle Hot Springs, Sequoia Nat’] For. - NE end of Hobo Campground, 18
Aug 1990, Semple, Suripto, & Ahmed 9368 (WAT); CA-178, ca. 1.5 mi E
of Rich Bar, 1000 ft. el., 16 Nov 1981, Shevock 9105 (CAS). [Additional
duplicates to be distributed].

Shevock’s Goldenaster is named for James Shevock, an expert on the flora
of Kern County, California, who collected the taxon several times in the Kern
River Canyon area and who provided valuable personal communication on its
habit and habitat. The var. shevocki is distinguished from other races of the
species by its usually tall stems and lanceolate-deltoid leaves with inrolled mar-
gins. Smaller plants are similar to Heterotheca villosa var. scabra to which var.
shevockut is undoubtedly closely related. In California, var. scabra is known
only from a few locations in the Little San Bernardino Mountains (1200-1300
m el.), var. hispida occurs in the Sierra Nevadas, the Cascade Mountains and
on lava flows in Lassen and Modoc counties (600-3100 m el.), while var. she-
vocku is endemic to the Kern River Canyon (400-900 m el.) in the Greenhorn
Mountains. As with all races of H. villosa (Semple 1990), in typical form var.
shevocki is readily recognized, but depauperate and atypical individuals are
not easily separated from similar taxa, t.e., var. htspida and var. scabra.

Semple: New names and combinations in Heterotheca 455
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada Operating Grantings to the author. The assistance in the
field of J. Chmielewski, B.A. Suripto, and B. Semple is gratefully acknowl-
edged. Dr. Judith Canne-Hillicker and Dr. Nag Raj are thanked for their help
with the manuscript.

LITERATURE CITED

Hickman, J.C. , ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California.
University of California Press. in press.

Semple, J.C. 1987. New names, combinations and lectotypifications in Het-
erotheca (Compositae: Astereae). Brittonia 39:379-386.

. 1990. Neotypification of Amellus villosus, the identity of a Brad-
bury collection, and typification of some other goldenasters (Compositae:
Astereae). Brittonia 42:221-228.

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):456-459.

BOISDUVALIA, A COMA-LESS EPILOBIUM (ONAGRACEAE)
Peter C. Hoch & Peter H. Raven
Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Evidence from independent analyses of morphological and molecular
variation in tribe Epilobieae shows no support for the continued recog-
nition of Botsduvalia Spach. Absence of seed comas, the only consistent
diagnostic feature of the genus relative to Epilobium, now appears to
be a secondary loss; other characters reveal a close relationship of Bots-
duvalia to taxa within Eptlobium. Therefore, all species of Botsduvalta
are transferred to Epilobium, in order better to reflect phylogeny.

KEY WORDS: Onagraceae, Epilobium, Botsduvalia, New World

Tribe Epilobieae (Munz 1965; Raven 1976) is marked within Onagraceae
as monophyletic by probable base chromosome number of z = 9 (Raven 1976,
1979), commissural stigmas (Eyde 1982), and dry type stigma surface (Heslop-
Harrison 1990); most species (excluding mainly Epilobrum sect. Chamaene-
rion) also have pollen released in tetrads (Skvarla et al. 1978). The tribe
traditionally has comprised Epilobium (including sections Chamaenerion and
more recently Zauschneria), characterized by the synapomorphy of seed co-
mas (tufts of hair on the chalazal end of the seed), and Botsduvalia (Raven &
Moore 1965), an entirely annual genus that lacks comas. Recent phylogenetic
analyses of the tribe using either morphological data (Hoch & Crisci, in prep.)
or variation in chloroplast DNA (Baum et al., in prep.) have revealed relation-
ships among the taxa that are not reflected in the current taxonomy. Even
though the exact relationships proposed among the taxa differ between these
two studies, both demonstrate convincingly that recognition of Boisduvalia as
a genus is not supported and that continuing to recognize it renders Epilobrum
paraphyletic.

These studies strongly suggest that Boisduvalia evolved from taxa with a
coma. By analogy in support of that suggestion, two species of Epilobium and
populations of a third have secondarily lost their comas (Munz 1965; Raven |

456

Hoch & Raven: Botsduvala transferred to Epilobium 457

& Raven 1976; Seavey et al. 1976). Other characters that mark species or
groups of species in Botsduvalia include capsule specializations and seed shape,
but these may be associated with the loss of the coma and may be viewed
more accurately as apomorphies within the group, rather than plesiomorphies
within the tribe. Consequently, we here propose that Botsduvalia be placed in
synonymy with Epilobium, and make the necessary nomenclatural changes, in
order to make the names available for floristic treatments in progress.

The following nomenclatural changes include only names relevant to the
transfers. For more complete synonymy of Epslobium and the sections, see
Raven (1976); for complete synonymies of all species being transferred from
Boisduvalia, see Raven & Moore (1965).

Epilobtum L., Sp. Pl. 347. 1753.

Epilobium sect. Boisduvalia (Spach) Hoch & Raven, comb. nov. BA-
SIONYM: Boitsduvalia Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4:383. 1835. Oenothera
L. sect. Boisduvalia (Spach) Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1:505. 1840.
Onothera group Boisduvalia (Spach) H. Lév., Monogr. Onothera 296.
1908. TYPE: Epilobtum concinnum (D. Don) Hoch & Raven.

1. Epilobium concinnum (D. Don) Hoch & Raven, comb. nov. BA-
SIONYM: O6enothera concinna D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II,
pl. 183. 1833. Botsduvalia concinna (D. Don) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég.
4:384. 1835. Onothera subulata (Ruiz & Pavon) H. Lév. race concinna
(D. Don) H. Lév., Monogr. Onothera 298. 1908. TYPE: Sweet, Brit.
Fl. Gard. II, pl. 183. 1833; plant raised from seeds sent from Chile by
H. Cuming (LECTOTYPE, designated by Raven & Moore [{1965}).

Botsduvalia subulata (Ruiz & Pavon) Raim. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. III. 7:212. 1893. Oenothera subulata Ruiz & Pavon,
Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 3:82, pl. 316. 1802; non Epilobium subulatum
(Hausskn.) Rydb., 1913.

2. Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven, comb. nov. BA-
SIONYM: Oenothera densiflora Lindl., Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1593. 1833.
Botsduvalia douglasi: Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4:385. 1835, pro syn.
Botsduvalta densiflora (Lindl.) S. Watson, Bot. California 1:233. 1876.
TYPE: Lindl., Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1593. 1833; plant raised from seeds
sent from “Northern California” by Douglas in 1831 (LECTOTYPE,
designated by Raven & Moore [1965}).

458

3.

P PYRO, OiGaA volume 73(6):456-459 December 1992

Epilobium pallidum (Eastwood) Hoch & Raven, comb. nov. BA-
SIONYM: Botsduvalia pallida Eastwood, Leafl. W. Bot. 2:54. 1937.
TYPE: U.S.A. California: Modoc Co., Goose Valley, George Dillman
Ranch, 11 July 1912, Eastwood 1021 (HOLOTYPE: CAS 243301; Iso-
types: GH,POM,US).

Boisduvalia macrantha A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 2:101. 1905; non Epz-
lobium macranthum Hook., 1840.

4. Epilobium torreyi (S. Watson) Hoch & Raven, comb. nov. BASIONYM:

Oenothera torreyiS. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8:600. 1873. Bots-
duvalia torreyi (S. Watson) S. Watson, Bot. California 1:233. 1876.
TYPE: U.S.A. California: Santa Clara Co., New Almaden, 1865, Tor-
rey 109 (LECTOTYPE, designated by Munz (1941): GH; Isolectotype:
NY).

Boisduvalia stricta (A. Gray) E. Greene, Fl. Francisc. 225. 1891.
Gayophytum strictum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7:340. 1868;
non Epilobtum strictum Muhl., 1813.

Epilobium sect. Currania (Munz) Hoch & Raven, comb. nov. BASIONYM:

Boisduvalia Spach. sect. Curranta Munz, Darwiniana 5: 127. 1941.
TYPE: Epilobtum cletstogamum (Curran) Hoch & Raven, selected by
Raven & Moore (1965:251).

5. Epilobium cleistogamum (Curran) Hoch & Raven, comb. nov. BA-

SIONYM: Botsduvalha cletstogama Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:12.
1884. Onothera cleistogama (Curran) H. Lév., Monogr. Onothera 304,
312. 1908. TYPE: U.S.A. California: Solano Co., near Elmira, “May”
1883, Curran s.n. (LECTOTYPE, designated by Raven & Moore (1965),
CAS 126; Possible isolectotype: GH).

6. Epilobium pygmaeum (Speg.) Hoch & Raven, comb. nov. BASIONYM:

Oenothera pygmaea Speg., Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 48:46. 1899. Bovs-
duvalia pygmaea (Speg.) Munz, Physis 11:278. 1933. TYPE: AR-
GENTINA. Chubut, Chonkenk-aik, 1 Aug. 1897, Ameghino s.n. (HOLO-
TYPE: LPS not seen).

Hoch & Raven: Boisduvala transferred to Epilobium 459

Boisduvalia glabella (Nutt.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2:89. 1843.
Oenothera glabella Nutt. in Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1:505.
1840; non Epilobium glabellum G. Forst., 1786.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the National Science Foundation for support of this work through
BSR-8906848. We also thank Kenneth Sytsma and Divide Baum for sharing
unpublished results of their molecular analyses, Jorge V. Crisci for collabo-
ration on the morphological phylogeny, and Paul Berry for comments on the
manuscript.

LITERATURE CITED

Eyde, R.H. 1982. Evolution and systematics of the Onagraceae: Floral
anatomy. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 69:735-747.

Heslop-Harrison, Y. 1990. Stigma form and surface in relation to self-
incompatibility in the Onagraceae. Nordic J. Bot. 10:1-19.

Munz, P.A. 1941. A revision of the genus Boisduvalia (Onagraceae). Dar-
winiana 5:124-153.

. 1965. Onagraceae. N. Amer. Fl., Ser. 2, 5:198-231.

Raven, P.H. 1976 [1977]. Generic and sectional delimitation in Onagraceae,
tribe Epilobieae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63:326-340.

. 1979. A survey of reproductive biology in Onagraceae. New
Zealand J. Bot. 17:575-593.

& D.M. Moore. 1965. A revision of Botsduvalia (Onagraceae).
Brittonia 17:238-254.

& T.E. Raven. 1976. The genus Epilobium in Australasia. New
Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr. Res. Bull. 216:1-321.

Seavey, S.R., R.E. Magill & P.H. Raven. 1976 {1977]. Evolution of seed size,
shape and surface architecture in the tribe Epilobieae. Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 64:18-47.

Skvarla, J.J., P.H. Raven, W.F. Chissoe, & M. Sharp. 1978. An ultrastruc-
tural study of viscin threads in Onagraceae pollen. Pollen & Spores
20:5-123.

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):460-462.

A NEW SPECIES OF EPILOBIUM (ONAGRACEAE) IN CALIFORNIA
Peter C. Hoch
Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Epilobium howellii, a new species from California, is described,
and compared with similar species in the region. An uncommon plant
marked by glandular hairs all over its stems, it is restricted to wet,
possibly boggy, areas of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

KEY WORDS: Onagraceae, Epilobium, California

A specimen of Eptlobium collected in 1975 at Yuba Pass in the north-
ern Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, and recollected in 1981 to obtain
seeds for experimental cultivation, proved to be, surprisingly, an undescribed
species. A search through hundreds of personal collections and thousands of
herbarium specimens on loan for ongoing monographic work on North Amer-
ican Eptlobium turned up a few additional specimens from elsewhere in the
Sierra Nevada, which helped to establish the distinctness of the new taxon.
A thorough search of the literature established that it has not been described
before. Because the morphological distinctions among many species of Epilo-
bium are fine, clear taxonomic keys are few, and the genus has a reputation
(sometimes overstated) for hybridization, a conservative taxonomic approach
to the delimitation of species in the genus (Trelease 1891; Raven & Raven
1976) is clearly warranted. Nevertheless, observations of the plant in the field,
the herbarium, and the greenhouse support recognition of the following new
species of Epilob:um, which would be placed into section Epilobtum:

Epilobium howellii Hoch, sp. nov. TYPE: U.S.A. California: Sierra Co.,
Yuba Pass summit, along CA Highway 49; 39° 39’ N, 120° 30’ W; scat-
tered population among grasses and moss in semi-open Saliz swales; elev.
2,040 m; 27 Jul 1975, Hoch 665 (HOLOTYPE: MO).

460

Hoch: New Epilobium in California 461

Herba perennis tenuis, brevibus filiformibus foliosibus stolonibus;
caulis undique glandulosus; folia sessilia, 4-20 mm longa, rotundata
vel lanceolata; petala alba, 2-3 mm; stigma capitatum; capsulae 35-
45 mm longae, subglabrae, pedicelli 25-40 mm; semina 0.8-1.1 mm
longa, vix papillosa.

Delicate perennial herb, forming short threadlike stolons with scattered
minute leaves. Stems 8-20 cm tall, densely glandular, terete, loosely clumped.
Leaves sessile, the blades 4-20 mm long, round to lanceolate or narrower above,
tip obtuse to subacute above, margins finely denticulate, stigillose mainly on
veins or all over on upper leaves. Inflorescence erect. Flowers small, subcleis-
togamous; floral tube 0.4-0.8 mm deep; sepals 1.5-2.0 mm long; petals 2-3
mm long, white; stamens in two unequal sets, the longer ones shedding pollen
onto capitate stigma prior to petal expansion. Capsules 35-45 mm long, sub-
glabrous, on pedicels 25-40 mm long. Seeds 0.8-1.1 mm long, the surface low
papillate; coma dingy, easily detached. 2n = 36.

Distribution: Scattered locations in the high Sierra Nevada Mountains
of California, in Fresno, Mono, and Sierra counties; in mossy meadows and
swales, at 2000-2700 m elevation.

Phenology: Flowering period: July-early August; fruiting period: August-
October.

Representative specimens examined: U.S.A. California: Fresno Co.: 3 mi.
E of Huntington Lake, Hoch 486(MO,RSA); 1 mi. SW of Portal Forebay, Hoch
503 (MO). Mono Co.: Twin Lakes, south shore, Hoch 583 (MO). Sierra Co.:
Yuba Pass summit, Wagner 4550 (MO).

Chromosome count: n = 18, count provided by Warren L. Wagner, from
plants cultivated at Missouri Botanical Garden, Hoch M2616 (MO), from seed
source: Wagner 4550.

With great respect, I name this plant after John Thomas Howell, enthusi-
astic collector of Californian epilobiums and observant student of the Sierran
flora, in honor of his 90th birthday. This species is described now in order
to make the name available for the treatment of Epilobium in The Jepson
Manual: Higher Plants of California.

Epilobium howellit has a similar small, delicate stature, with spreading
threadlike stolons, to that of E. oregonense Hausskn., but differs from it and
most other North American species of Epilobium (Hoch 1993; Munz 1965) in
having stems covered with glandular pubescence. The flowers are strikingly
and consistently small (petals not more than 3 mm long), possibly cleistog-
amous, and the leaves never more narrow in shape than lanceolate. This
combination of features, especially the unusual pattern of pubescence, distin-
guishes this species also from the so called Alpinae group (Haussknecht 1884),
which are of similar habit and stature.

462 PHYTOLOGIA volume 73(6):460-462 December 1992
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank the National Science Foundation for support of this work through
BSR89-06848, Warren L. Wagner for recollection of the type population in
1981 to obtain seeds, and for the chromosome count, and Peter H. Raven for
his continued support, encouragement, and useful discussion of this work.

LITERATURE CITED

Haussknecht, C. 1884. Monographie der Gattung Epilobium. Jena, Germany.

Hoch, P.C. 1993 (in press). Eptlobtum, in J.C. Hickman et al. (eds.), The
Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California
Press, Berkeley, California.

Munz, P.A. 1965. Onagraceae. N. Amer. Fil., Ser. 2. 5:198-231.

Raven, P.H. & T.E. Raven. 1976. The genus Epilobium in Australasia. New
Zealand D.S.1.R. Res. Bull. 216:1-321.

Trelease, W. 1891. A revision of the American species of Epilobitum occurring
north of Mexico. Ann. Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2:69-117.

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):463.

ERRATUM

In formatting a recent article G.L. Nesom for printing (Taxonomic notes
on Erigeron [Asteraceae: Astereae] of California, Nevada, and Arizona. Phy-
tologia 73:186-202. 1992), the editor made changes (p. 198) in the submitted
manuscript that did not conform to the intent of the author. Following is the
version as originally submitted by Nesom, with the new combination intended
to place E. austinieae at equivalent (varietal) rank with EF. var. chrysopsidis
and E. var. brevifolitus, and which makes only the claim that a trinomial is
being validated (see ICBN Art. 24). The new varietal combination can still be
regarded as validly published in Phytologia 73:198. 1992.

“Erigeron chrysopsidis A. Gray

Subsp. chrysopsidis
Var. chrysopsidis
Var. brevifolius Piper, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27:395. 1900.
TYPE: Oregon, [Wallowa Co.,] subalpine ridge of the Wal-
lowa Mts. near the [Wallowa] Lake, 29 Jul 1899, W. C. Cusick
2270 (Holotype: WS; isotypes: GH!, MO!, NY!).
Subsp. austiniae (E. Greene) Cronq., Brittonia 6:196. 1947. Based on
E. austiniae E. Greene (below)
Var. austiniae (E. Greene) Nesom, comb. et stat. nov. Erigeron
austiniae E. Greene, Erythea 3:100. 1895. TYPE: California,
Modoc County, Davis Creek, May 1894, Mrs. R. M. Austin

s.n. (Lectotype, designated here: ND-G; isolectotypes: NY!,
PH, UC).”

463

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):464-472. |

BOOKS RECEIVED

Agricultural Plants, Second Edition. R.H.M. Langer & G.D. Hill. Cambridge
University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1992.
xiv. 387 pp. $89.95 (hardcover); $29.95 (paper). ISBN 0-521-40545-9
(hardcover); 0-521-40563-7 (paper).

This volume covers primary herbaceous species, and those most
likely to be encountered in temperate and subtropical areas. The
book has introductory chapters about human population growth
and the importance of crop production, as well as information on
plant morphology. These chapters are followed by summaries of
the major plant families containing important agricultural crops.
Within each family, discussions generally treat each genus sepa-
rately. The final chapter is a discussion of physiological basis of
crop yields.

Agricultural Policies in Developing Countries. Frank Ellis. Wye Studies in
Agricultural and Rural Development. Cambridge University Press, 40
West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1992. xvi. 357 pp.
$69.95 (hardcover); $29.95 (paper). ISBN 0-521-40004-x (hardcover);
0-521-39584-4 (paper).

The entire first section of this book deals with analysis of agri-
cultural policy. Factors such as markets, political system, social
status, and concepts of policy analysis processes are treated there.
Part two comprises descriptions of various policies affecting agri-
culture. Policies discussed include pricing, marketing, agricultural
supports (input), credit, mechanization, land reform, research, and
irrigation. The final section includes discussions of nonagricultural
policies (such as women’s issues and policies on food distribution)
with significant impact on agricultural policy.

464

Books received 465

Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Serie Botdnica. Volume 62, Number 1.
Fernando Chiang Cabrera (ed.). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
México, Coordinador de la Biblioteca del Instituto de Biologia, Apartado
Postal 70-233, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. 1991. 106 pp. Price un-
known (paper). ISSN 0374-5511.

Five articles in this volume cover topics ranging from ethnob-
otanical studies, to phytochemical examinations, to physiological
ecology, and classical taxonomy. Each article is accompanied by
both a Spanish and English abstract. The articles themselves are
in either Spanish or English.

Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Serie Botdnica. Volume 62, Number 2.
Fernando Chiang Cabrera (ed.). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
México, Coordinador de la Biblioteca del Instituto de Biologia, Apartado
Postal 70-233, 04510 México, D.F., México. 1991. 180 pp. Price un-
known (paper). ISSN 0374-5511.

Five articles in this volume cover topics ranging from sampling
aflatoxins in peanut butter to floristic studies and descriptions of
new species. Each article is accompanied by both a Spanish and
English abstract. The articles themselves are in either Spanish or
English.

Annual Review of Entomology, volume 37. Thomas E. Mittler, Frank J.
Radovsky, & Vincent H. Resh. Annual Reviews Inc., 4139 El Camino
Way, P.O. Box 10139, Palo Alto, California 94306. 1992. viii. 688
pp. $44.00 [$49.00 outside U.S.A.] (cloth). ISBN 0-8243-0137-4. ISSN
0066-4170.

Twentysix papers on topics ranging from labor allocations in
insect societies, to mode of action of bacterial parasite toxins, to
criminal forensic uses of entomology are found in this volume. Over
fifty authors have contributed to these articles. Major themes (sev-
eral papers each) are pest management and host/parasite relation-
ships.

466

PHYTOLOGIA volume 73(6):464-472 December 1992

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. C.J.

Th

o

Smith (ed.). Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe 32.
Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press,
Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, Great Britain. Available in the United
States from Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Avenue, New York,
New York 10016. 1991. xvi. 291 pp. Price unknown (hardcover). ISBN
0-19-857734-6.

Seventeen papers produced by 59 authors comprise this vol-
ume. As might be expected from the series title, European re-
searchers are well represented. Most of the papers deal with some
aspect of molecular biology, with very few strictly biochemical
or phytochemical in nature. Some of the articles treat specific
host /pathogen problems, while others cover groups of pathogens
and/or hosts.

Biology of Vines. Francis E. Putz & Harold A. Mooney (eds.). Cam-
bridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York
10011. 1992. xvi. 526 pp. $120.00 (cloth). ISBN 0-521-39250-0.

Many of the eighteen papers (written by 25 authors) compris-
ing this book were presented at a symposium on vines. Topics cov-
ered include anatomy and morphology, distribution and evolution,
water transport, metabolism (primary and secondary), ecological
attributes, reproduction, and economic importance.

Cuadernos del Instituto de Biologia 13, Contribucion a la Biologia Mexicana

por Helia Bravo Hollis: Una Guia Bibliografica. Armando Butanda &
Alfonso Delgado Salinas. Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional
Autonoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-233, 04510, México, D.F.,
México. 1991. 44 pp. Price unknown (paper). ISBN 968-36-2110-4.

This volume includes a summary of the scientific activities (es-
pecially the botanical endeavors) of Helia Bravo Hollis. Doctor
Hollis primarily studied cacti, but her interests also dealt with
other plants, and botanical biographies, and protozoans. Her pub-
lications, new taxa, and taxa named in her honor are listed.

Books received 467

Endocytosis, Ezocytosts and Vesicle Traffic in Plants. C.R. Hawes, J.O.D.
Coleman, & D.E. Evans (eds.). Society for Experimental Biology, Sem-
inar Series 45. Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New
York, New York 10011. 1992. xiv. 252 pp. $85.00 (hardcover). ISBN
0-521-32844-6.

The volume presents twelve papers by a total of 32 authors. Pa-
pers treat ultrastructure, molecular characteristics, isolation pro-
cedures, and examination techniques of vesicles from various types

of cells. The book concludes with a summary of possible future
research in this field.

The Gene Civilization. Francois Gros. Translated from the French by Lee
F. Scanlon. McGraw-Hill Horizons of Science Series, McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020. 1992. 136
pp. $9.95 (paper). ISBN 0-07-024963-6.

This book as part of a series presenting science to the nonsci-
entific public, deals with concepts of molecular biology, advances
in biotechnology and the ethical issues that future advances in
biotechnology and molecular biology may present.

Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants. Donald A. Falk & Kent A.
Holsinger (eds.). Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Avenue, New
York, New York 10016. 1991. xviii. 283 pp. $49.95 (cloth). ISBN
0-19-506429-1.

The core of this book consists of papers from a conference on
rare plants held in March 1989. Additional papers were written
specifically for the book and not included in the conference. A total
of fourteen papers from 26 authors are included. Major themes of
the book are population biology/genetics of rare plants, sampling
of genetic diversity in rare plants, use of transported collections,
and strategies for conserving genetic diversity.

468 PHY FOLOG:1A volume 73(6):464-472 December 1992

Jeff Ball’s 60-Minute Vegetable Garden, Just One Hour a Week for the
Most Productive Vegetable Garden Possible. Jeff Ball. Collins Books,
MacMillan Publishing Company, 866 Third Avenue, New York, New
York 10022. 1992. xii. 228 pp. $13.00 [$16.95 in Canada] (paper).
ISBN 0-02-030376-9.

A practical guide to home gardening, this book not only sug-
gests activities for the gardener, but details how to accomplish the
suggested activity. For example in the section on raised beds, the
author not only discusses the pros and cons of raised beds, and
suggests that they be used, but the book includes plans (with a
shopping list, and information on tools needed, etc.) to construct
frames for raised beds. Similar information appears for construct-
ing trellises, compost bins, irrigation systems, and other items.

Life in the Universe. Jean Heidemann. Translated from the French by Isabel
A. Leonard. McGraw-Hill Horizons of Science Series, McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020. 1992. 113
pp. $9.95 (paper). ISBN 0-07-027887-3.

This book as part of a series presenting science to the nonsci-
entific public, deals with cosmic evolution, processes leading to the
existence of life, and prospects of extraterrestrial life (intelligent or
otherwise).

Magic Gardens, A Modern Chronicle of Herbs and Savory Seeds. Rosetta
E. Clarkson. Foreword by Sal Gilbertie. American Gardening Classics.
Collier Books, MacMillan Publishing Company, 866 Third Avenue, New
York, New York 10022. 1992. xxii. 369 pp. $12.95 [$16.95 in Canada]
(paper). ISBN 0-02-030976-7.

Drawing from the publications of herbalists such as Gerard,
Johnson, Matthioli, and Parkinson, this book contains information
on cultivation and uses for many of the plants studied by these early
authors. The book is organized around constructing gardens on a
theme (pickling, scents, symbols, etc.).

Books received 469

The Manual of Cultivated Orchid Species, Third Edition. Helmut Bechtel,
Phillip Cribb, & Edmund Launert. The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142. 1992. 585 pp. $85.00 (cloth). ISBN
0-262-02339-3.

The first section of this book contains general information about
orchid taxonomy, ecology, and cultivation. Most of the text is de-
voted to alphabetically arranged descriptions of each genus and
species of orchids known to be cultivated. Generic descriptions in-
clude morphological descriptions, distribution information, number

of species, etymological information, taxonomy, type species list-
ing, and cultivation information. Species descriptions contain mor-
phological descriptions, distribution information, historical notes,
and synonymy. The classification system of Dressler (The Or-
chids, Natural History and Classification (1981. Harvard University
Press.] and modified in Telopea [2(4):413-424. 1983.]) is followed.
The book contains over 140 pages of exquisite color plates.

New Flora of the British Isles. Clive Stace. Cambridge University Press, 40
West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1992. xxx. 1226 pp.
$75.00 (flexible waterproof). ISBN 0-521-42793-2.

This book includes pteridophytes and gymnosperms as well as
angiosperms. The text includes plants found on the outer islands
(Outer Hebrides, Orkney, Shetlands, Scilly, and Channel islands)
as well as the larger land masses of the British Isles. In addition
to the native flora, Stace has included non-native species regularly
encountered within the area (for instance, date palm is included
since even though they are killed by the first frosts of the year,
plants are regularly encountered as seedlings in garbage piles). This
approach has added to the length of the book, but significantly
improved its usefulness for those not familiar with the flora and
which species might be native as opposed to non-native. The book
has a cover designed for field use, but its thickness makes it rather
bulky for a pocket.

The New Perennials Preferred. Helen Van Pelt Wilson. Foreword by Elvin
McDonald. American Gardening Classics. Collier Books, MacMillan
Publishing Company, 866 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022.
1992. xx. 315 pp. $15.95 [$19.95 in Canada] (paper). ISBN 0-02-082661-
3.

470

PHY TOLOGIA volume 73(6):464-472 December 1992

The first section of the book is devoted to general information
on gardening, and cultivating perennials in particular. Most of the
text comprises a seasonally arranged discussion of cultivated (pri-
marily herbaceous) perennials. The seasonal discussion includes a
substantial treatment of plants attractive during the winter. Lists
of plants suitable for specific purposes (fragrance production, shade
tolerance, etc.) are also included.

Nitrogen Metabolism of Plants. Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of

Europe, 33. K. Mengel & D.J. Pilbeam (eds.). Oxford Science Publi-
cations, Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Avenue, New York, New
York 10016. 1992. xii. 289 pp. $89.00 (hardcover). ISBN 0-19-857752-4.

Fortynine researchers from Canada and the United States, as
well as Europe, have contributed sixteen papers to this volume.
Most of the papers deal with nitrogen fixation or transport, with
other papers on metabolism of nitrogen, and nitrogen based plant
toxins.

Our Changing Climate. Robert Kandel. Translated from the French by

Nicholas Hartmann. McGraw-Hill Horizons of Science Series, McGraw-
Hill, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020.
1992. 126 pp. $9.95 (paper). ISBN 0-07-033710-1.

This book as part of a series presenting science to the nonscien-
tific public, deals with general concepts of climate, models for study
of climate, prospects of the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion,
and political influences on climate research.

Physiology of Trees. A.S. Raghavendra (ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1

Wiley Drive, Somerset, New Jersey 08875. 1991. xii. 509 pp. $110.00
(cloth). ISBN 0-471-50110-7.

Thirtythree authors contributed twenty papers to form this
book. Topics include photosynthesis and respiration, photosyn-
thate distribution, nitrogen fixation, water relations, seedling growth,
wood formation, periodicity, flowering, growth forms, abscission,
responses to stress, tissues culture, use of growth regulators, phys-
iological modeling, and wound responses.

Books received 471

Practical Taronomic Computing. Richard J. Pankhurst. Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1992. xii.
202 pp. $49.95 (hardcover). ISBN 0-521-41760-0.

After some brief introductory material, this book gets to the
meat of the issues of taxonomic computing with discussions of
databases, principles of classification, conventional identification
procedures, identification procedures facilitated by computer, and
sample applications of computer identification. The final chapter
includes a discussion of expert systems technology and its potential
impact on taxonomic computing. An appendix contains interest-
ing mathematical derivations of formulae for estimating usefulness
of taxonomic characters.

Sweet Potato An Untapped Food Resource. Jennifer A. Woolfe. Published in
collaboration with the International Potato Center, Lima Peri, by the
Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York
10011. 1992. xvi. 643 pp. $130.00 (hardcover). ISBN 0-521-40295-6.

This comprehensive summary on use of sweet potato for hu-
man and livestock consumption includes chapters on history of
cultivation, chemical constituents, nutritive value, toxicity, storage,
processing, cooking, livestock utilization, and human consumption
methods and histories. An appendix contains recipes for sweet
potato dishes from around the world.

Vegetation of New Zealand. Peter Wardle. Cambridge University Press, 40
West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1991. xx. 672 pp. Price
unknown (cloth). ISBN 0-521-25873-1.

A comprehensive treatment of the vegetation of this island na-
tion. The book includes sections on the biotic and abiotic envi-
ronment, origins and history of the flora, growth forms in various
habitats, reproductive processes, and a discussion of a vegetation
classification system. The classification system is essentially hierar-
chical, with major vegetation types (forest, grassland, etc.) broken
into species or region specific subunits. Separate discussions of
some of the outlying islands are included.

472 PHYTOLOGIA volume 73(6):464-472 December 1992

Yardening, The Nongardener’s Guide to Creating a Beautiful Landscape. Jeff
& Liz Ball. MacMillan Publishing Company, 866 Third Avenue, New
York, New York 10022. 1992. xiv. 268 pp. $24.95 [$32.50 in Canada|
(cloth). ISBN 0-02-506431-2.

This book, intended for persons with an interest in taking care
of their garden (yarden), but without extensive experience or time,
deals with topics ranging from taking care of the grass to growing
flowers and vegetables. The information is presented in a readily
accessible fashion with references for further details.

L

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):473.

INDEX TO AUTHORS, VOLUME 73

Adler, L. 155

Benitez de Rojas, C. 270
Brown, G.K. 57
Carlquist, S. 98
Clements, M.A. 117
Dudley, T.R. 169
Fernandez N., R. 435
Grayum, M.H. 30
Hernandez S., L. 429
Hoch, P.C. 456, 460
Holmes, W.C. 159
Jones, D.L. 3, 117
Jones, S.D. 274, 381
Rel) DJ: 57, 259, 312
Lott, E.J. 277

Lowrie, A. 98
MacRoberts, B.R. 49, 439
MacRoberts, M.H. 49, 439
Martinez, M. 270
McLaughlin, S.P. 353
McNeal, D.W. 307

Nesom, G.L. 61, 119, 137, 140, 186,
203, 247, 264, 267, 318, 321,
326, 330, 338, 384, 389, 416,
425, 429, 463

Ochoa, C.M. 166, 180, 183, 378

Panero, J. 143

Raven, P.H. 456

Rayner, T.G.J. 77, 445

Reveal, J.L. 345

Robinson, H. 65,149

Santamour, Jr., F.S. 169

Semple, J.C. 449

Skinner, S. 155

Turner, B.L. 1, 7, 14, 16, 18, 24, 27,
40, 59, 143, 242, 251, 255,
261, 281, 302, 304, 348, 350

Waksman, N. 435

Wiehler, H. 220

Windler, D. 155

Wipff, J.K. 274, 381

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):474-508.

INDEX TO TAXA, VOLUME 73

Abies 44, 120, 138
Abildgaardia 383
Abuttlon 371
californicum 371
parvulum 371
sonorae 371
Acacia 333, 360, 363, 370
angustissima 370
greggut 360, 363, 370
Acalypha 370
neomezicana 370
ostryaefolia 370
Acanthaceae 140, 142, 366
Acer 51, 120
rubrum 51
Aceraceae 51
Achimenes 220
admirabilis 220
erecta 220
Acourtia 367
nana 367
thurberit 367
wrightit 367
Adiantaceae 366
Agalinus 52
obtustfolia 52
Agastache 358
wrightii 358
Agavaceae 354, 360, 374
Agave 141, 333, 359, 360, 365, 374
palmeri 360, 374
parviflora 359, 365, 374
schottit 374
var. schottt 374
Ageratina 304-306

474

Ageratina (cont.)
chimalapana 304-306
cruzii 304, 305
etlensis 304, 305
kochiana 304, 305, 306
kochit 306
ligustrina 305
mairetiana 306
subg. Neogreenella 304
seleri 306

Agropyron 363, 375
trachycaulum 363, 375

Aizoaceae 366

Alepidochine 246, 258

Aletris 51
aurea 51

Alkionia 371
incarnata 371

Allium 307-310, 362, 374
bolanderz 307-309

var. bolanderi 308, 309

var. mirabile 307-309
dichlamydeum 310
macropetalum 362, 374
mirabile 307
peninsulare 307, 310

var. franciscanum 307, 310

var. peninsulare 310

Allophyllum 372
giliordes 372

Alnus 404

Alopecurus 359, 375
carolinianus 359, 375

Aloysta 358, 359, 374
gratissima 358, 374

Index to taxa, volume 72 475

Aloysia (cont.)
wrightit 359, 374
Altamirania 145
pachyphylla 145
Amaryllidaceae 51
Amaranthaceae 366
Amaranthus 366
albus 366
palmer: 366
torrey: 366
Ambrosia 363, 367
aptera 367
confertiflora 363, 367
psilostachya 363, 367
trifida 363, 367
Amelanchier 124, 129, 134
alnifolia 124, 129
canadensis 129
var. pumtla 129
pumila 124, 129
Amellus 455
villosus 455
Amoreuzia 369
palmaitifida 369
Amorphae 428
Ampelopsis 132
quinquefolia 132
var. heptaphylla 132
var. pubescens 132
Amphicarpaea 285, 291, 301
angustifolia 285
ovalifolium 291
pulchella 291
Amsinckia 368
intermedia 368
Amsonia 365
grandiflora 365
Anacardiaceae 51
Andropogon 51, 55
gerardz 55
ternartus 51
Anemone 373
tuberosa 373

Anemopsis 373
californica 373
Anisacanathus 366
thurberi 366
Androsace 372
occidentalis 372
Anoda 371
abutiloides 371
cristata 371
Anthemideae 422
Anthericum 359, 374
torreyt 359, 374
Antirrhinum 373
nuttalianum 373
Aphanostephus 13
Apiaceae 51, 366
Apocynaceae 179, 367
Apodanthera 369
undulata 369
Appendicula 117, 118
australiensis 117, 118
Aquifoliaceae 51
Arabis 368
perennans 368
Araceae 30
Arbutus 268, 404
Arctostaphylos 267
Argemone 372
pletacaniha 372
ssp. plezacantha 372
Argythamnia 370
neomezicana 370
Aristida 51, 275, 356, 360, 362, 375
adscenstonis 375
californica 362
hamulosa 362, 375
orcuttrana 375
purpurea 360, 362, 375
var. longiseta 360, 362, 375
var. purpurea 375
ternipes 360, 362, 375
virgata 51
wrightii 362

476 PHY FOLOGTA

Aristolochiaceae 367
Aristolochia 367
watson: 367
Aronia 124, 129, 130
arbutifolia 124, 129, 130
alnifolia 129
Artemisia 367
ludovictana 367
Asclepiadaceae 277, 280, 367
Asclepias 356, 367
asperula 367
ssp. capricornu 367
brachystephana 367
involucrata 367
nyctaginifolia 367
subverticillata 367
Aspila 145
pachyphylla 145
Aspiliopsis 145
pachyphylla 145
Aster 51, 55, 187, 210, 338, 339,
359, 367, 421, 422
dumosus 51, 55
ertcoides 55
falcatus 359, 367
ssp. commutatus 359, 367
sect. Oritrophium 338
sptnosus 187
subulatus 367
var. hgulatus 367
Asteraceae 1, 2, 7, 14-16, 18, 24, 27,
29, 40, 48, 51, 57-59, 65, 75,
76, 119, 123, 143, 148, 149,
154, 186, 200-203, 219, 242,
246, 255, 258-261, 264, 266,
267, 269, 302, 304, 306, 312,
317, 318, 320, 326, 329, 338,
344, 348, 350, 356, 357, 367,
416, 420-424, 463
Astereae 57, 58, 119, 122, 123, 186,
200-203, 219, 264, 266, 267,
269, 318, 320, 326, 329, 338-
340, 343, 344, 416, 418, 420,

volume 73(6):474-508

December 1992

Astereae (cont.) 422, 423, 449, 455,
463
Astragalus 357, 359, 370
allochrous 370
arizonicus 370
nothozys 370
nuttallianus 359, 370
var. cedroensis 359, 370
var. nuttallianus 370
wootoni 370
Athenaea 272
glabra 272
sylvarum 272
Atriplez 218, 369
canescens 369
elegans 369
ssp. elegans 369
Avena 375
fatua 375
Ayenta 373
compacta 373
Aynia 75
Azolla 364, 366
mezicana 364, 366
Azollaceae 366

Baccharidineae 339
Baccharis 65, 66, 69, 72, 357, 367
brachyphylla 367
brasiliana 65, 66, 69
glutinosa 367
montevidensts 72
pterontoides 367
sarothroides 367
thesioides 367
Bahia 367
absinthifolia 367
var. dealbata 367
Batleya 367
multiradiata 367
Bambusa 436
Benthamidia 178
florida 178

Index to taxa, volume 72

Benthamidia florida (cont.)
var. urbiniana 178
Berberidaceae 368
Berberis 368
haematocarpa 368
Berlandiera 360, 367
lyrata 360, 367
var. macrophylla 367
Berula 364, 366
erecta 364, 366

Bidens 77-88, 90, 94-97, 363, 364,
367, 445, 447, 448, 509

acuticaulis 82
abyssinica 80

var. glabrata 80
aurea 363, 367
bequaertit 81
bigelovit 367
camporum 88
crocea 81, 82
diversa 77, 82
ferulaefolia 367
flabellata 82
grant 88
holsti 77, 90
kefensis 445, 447
kivuensis 83, 86
kotschyi 83, 84, 88
laevis 364, 367
leptocephala 367
leptolepis 84
negriana 95
palustris 84
paupercula 85, 87, 509

var. filrrostris 509
praecoz 85
rubicundula 85
rupestris 85
schimperi 78
schlechteri 86
setigera 86, 88

ssp. btpinnato-partita 88

var. lobata 86

Bidens setigera (cont.)
ssp. setigera 88
somaliensis 86, 87
steppia 77, 87, 94
var. ambacensis 87
var. elskenst: 87
var. leptocarpa 87
var. steppia 87
straminoides 87
stuhlmannii 79
taylorz 86
ugandensts 445, 448
urceolata 84, 85
Bignoniaceae 260, 368
Bocconia 20
Boerhaavia 356, 362, 371
coccinea 371
coulteri 371
erecta 371
gracillima 371
intermedia 371
spicata 371
Boisduvalia 456-459
cleistogama 458
concinna 457
sect. Curranta 458
densiflora 457
douglasi: 457
glabella 459
pallida 458
macrantha 458
pygmaea 458
stricta 458
subulata 457
torreyt 458
Boraginaceae 357, 368
Bothriochloa 360, 363, 375
barbinodis 360, 375
saccharordes 363, 375

477

Bouteloua 356, 359, 360, 362, 375

aristidoides 362, 375
barbata 375
chondrosioides 360, 375

478 PHYTOLOGIA

Bouteloua (cont.)
curtipendula 360, 362, 375
eludens 359, 375
eriopoda 360, 362, 375
gracilis 375
hirsuta 360, 375
parryi 362
radicosa 362
repens 360, 362, 375
rothrockti 362, 375

Bowlesia 366
incana 366

Brachiaria 375
arizonica 375

Brahea 438
dulcis 438
nitida 438

Brassicaceae 357, 368

Brickellia 348, 349, 356, 358, 367
baccharidea 367
californica 358, 367
chlorolepis 367
coulterz 367
floribunda 358, 367
gentryi 348
lanata 348, 349
venosa 367

Bromus 375
arizonicus 375
catharticus 375
marginatus 375
rubens 375

Bulbostylis 374, 381-383
barbata 381
capillaris 374, 381, 382
ciliatifolia 381, 382

var. coarctata 381, 382
juncoides 381, 382

Bumelia 373
lanuginosa 373

Burmannia 51
capitata 51

Burmanniaceae 51

volume 73(6):474-508

December 1992

Cacalia 44, 68, 73, 74
pachyphylla 44
praecoz 74
rigiophylla 73

Cactaceae 354, 357, 368

Calandrinia 372
ciliata 372

Calea 143, 145, 148
pachyphylla 145
skutchit 143, 148
standley: 143, 145

Calliandra 360, 370
ertophylla 360, 370
humilis 370

var. reticulata 370

Calochortus 374
ambiguus 374
kennedy: 374

var. munzii 374

Calopogon 51
tuberosus 51

Calycoseris 367
wrights: 367

Calyptridium 372
monandrum 372

Campanulaceae 52, 369

Camissonia 372
californica 372
chamaenertoides 372

Capparidaceae 369

Caprifoliaceae 52, 369

Capsella 368
bursa-pastoris 368

Carduales 75

Cardueae 312, 317

Carduus 313
brewerz 313

Carez 363, 374, 382
chthuahensis 363, 374
longi 382
praegracilis 374

Carlowrightia 366

arizonica 366

Index to taxa, volume 72 479

Carminatia 367

tenuiflora 367

Carnegiea 368

gigantea 368

Caryophyllaceae 369
Carya 120
Castilleja 137-139, 247-250, 384-415

albobarbata 414

altorum 409, 411

arvensis 385

aspera 138

aurea 410

auriculata 389-391, 393, 397-401,
404, 413, 414

var. auriculata 389, 397-400,
404, 413
var. verecunda 389, 398, 399,

400, 414

bella 249

canescens 391

sect. Castilleja 390, 400, 404, 407,
409, 410

subg. Castilleja 390, 414

chiapensis 395-397, 412

chlorosceptron 137, 138, 385,
387

conzatti 248, 249

cryptandra 384, 386, 387

ctenodonta 409, 411

dendridion 248

durangensts 137, 138

sect. Epichroma 390, 409, 410

sect. Euchroma 138, 247, 248,
384, 387, 388, 409

falcata 248, 249, 386

filiflora 389, 406, 407, 408, 412

fissifolia 389, 390

franciscana 390, 409

gracilis 410

sect. Hemichroma 389

hirsuta 248, 386

integra 386

integrifolia 385, 389, 390,

Castilleja integrifolia (cont.) 394-

397, 404, 412
var. alpigena 395
jepsoni 390
julquilpana 250
laza 391, 393
linartifolia 390, 410
sect. Linaritfolia 389
hinartifolia 410
linsfolza 407, 411
longibracteata 395
longiflora 391, 397, 399
macrostigma 249
macvaughi: 411
moranensis 249
nervata 386, 387
nitricola 385
orizabae 409
ortegae 410
papilionacea 384, 385, 386
patriotica 390, 411
pectinata 395, 409, 411
perelegans 389, 396, 408, 412
pterocaulon 410
purpusi 409, 411
porphyrosceptron 384
retrorsa 393
rhizomata 400, 401, 407, 413
roet 410
saltensts 250
scabridula 391, 393
scorzoneraefolia 138, 248, 385-
387, 409
setosa 393
sphaerostigma 249, 250
stipifolia 389, 404, 405-407, 412
subalpina 409
subinclusa 389, 390, 409, 411
subsp. franctscana 409
var. franciscana 389, 409, 411
tancitaroana 389, 393, 397, 401-
403, 413
tapeinoclada 407, 408, 412

480 PHYTOLOGI2Z

Castilleja (cont.)
tayloriorum 390
tenuiflora 385, 386, 389-395, 397,
399, 401, 404, 405, 407, 408,
413
var. tenutflora 391-394, 401,
413
var. verecunda 401
var. xylorrhiza 389, 392, 393,
394, 413
tenutfoha 410
tolucensis 247-249
venusta 410
wootoni 390
tylorrhiza 393
zempoaltepetlensis 247-249,
387
Castillejinae 414
Caulanthus 368
lastophyllus 368
Ceanothus 431
Celmisia 338-340, 343, 344
Celtzs 358, 373
pallida 373
reticulata 358, 373
Cenchrus 375
insertus 375
Ceratophyllaceae 369
Ceratophyllum 364, 369
demersum 364, 369
Cercidium 370
floridum 370
Cercocarpus 213
Chaenactts 367
stevtoides 367
Chaetopappa 416-420, 422, 423
asteroides 418, 419
bellidiflora 419
belhdifolhka 419
bellioides 419, 420
effusa 418-420
elegans 416, 417, 420
ericoides 417, 419, 420

volume 73(6):474-508

December 1992

Chaetopappa (cont.)
hershey: 417-419
imberbis 419
keerliotdes 419
parry: 419
plomoensis 419
pulchella 419, 420

Chamaecrista 370
nictitans 370

Chamaesyce 356, 362, 363, 370
albo-marginata 370
arizonica 370
capttellata 370
florida 370
hirta 370
hyssopifolia 370
melanadenta 370
pediculifera 370
serpyllifolia 370
setiloba 370
vermiculata 363, 370

Chaptalia 441

Cheilanthes 359, 366
lindhermeri 366
wootont 366
wrighti: 366

Chelidonieae 330

Chelidonioideae 331

Chenopodiaceae 369

Chenopodium 369
berlandieri 369

var. sinuata 369
desiccatum 369

var. leptophylloides 369
incanum 369

Chiltotrichum 339

Chilopsts 358, 368
linearts 358, 368

Chloracantha 187, 201, 202
spinosa 202

Chlorideae 274

Chloris 362, 375
crinita 375

Index to taxa, volume 72 481

Chloris (cont.)
virgata 375
Choenomeles 124, 130
japonica 124, 130
Chorizanthe 345, 346
virgata 345, 346
Chrysocoma 70, 73
arborea 73
crassa 70
cymosa 70
phosphorica 73
Chrysolaena 75
Chrysopsis 187, 449-451, 453
bolander: 449
camphorata 451
echioides 450
fastigiata 451
hartella 197
villosa 449-451, 453
var. bolanderi 449
var. camphorata 451
var. echtoides 450
var. fastigiata 451
var. scabra 453
viscida 453
subsp. ctnerascens 453
Cirsium 312-316, 360, 367
brewerz 312, 313
var. breweri 313
var. canescens 312, 313
californicum 314, 315, 317
campylon 313
coulteri 314
sect. Dermatolepis 313, 316
douglas: 312, 313
var. breweri 312, 313
var. canescens 312, 313
var. douglasi: 312, 313
fontinale 312, 313
var. campylon 312, 313
var. fontinale 313
var. obtspoense 313
neomezicanum 367

Cirsium (cont.)
occidentale 312-315, 317
var. californicum 312, 315
var. candidissimum 314, 315
var. compactum 315
var. coultert 313, 314
var. occidentale 313-315
var. venustum 313-315
ochrocentrum 360, 367
pastoris 314
proteanum 314
Clematis 373
drummondii 373
Clibadium 149-154
alatum 149, 151
divaricatum 149
funkiae 149
glabrescens 153
lazum 151
napoense 149, 152
pentaneuron 151
rimachiu 149
surinamense 149, 150, 154
vargastanum 149
zakii 149, 153
Chtoria 291
broussonetti 291
Clusiaceae 52
Cnicus 313
brewerz 313
Cocculus 358, 371
diwverstfolius 358, 371
Cochlospermaceae 369
Codonanthe 220, 221
crasstfolia 221
erubescens 221
Cologania 281-301
affinis 291
angusttfolia 282-285, 287-289, 294
var. stricta 288
australis 293
biloba 282, 284, 289, 290, 291,
295, 296, 300

482

PHYTOLOGIA

Cologania (cont.)

broussonetts: 281-283, 285, 288,
291-294, 298, 300

capitata 282, 284, 294, 297

confusa 288

congesta 293

cordata 282, 284, 294, 297, 300

deamit 298

erecta 298

glabrior 293

grandiflora 289, 291, 293

hintoniorum 281, 284, 286, 290,

291, 295, 296

hirta 282, 284, 290, 295, 296

hough 298

humifusa 296

humilis 298

intermedia 285, 288

jaliscana 282, 288, 293

lemmonit 296

longifolia 285, 288

var. stricta 288

lozanit 293

marttia 285

mezicana 285

nelsoni 289

obovata 282-284, 289, 296, 297

ovalifolia 281, 282, 291, 293, 294

pallida 281, 282, 284, 288, 292,
298

pringle: 288, 293, 296

procumbens 281, 282, 284, 294,
298-300

pulchella 291, 300

var. racemosa 300

purpurea 289

racemosa 284, 290, 291, 296, 300

rufescens 293

tenuis 293

Columnea 220, 222, 223

filipendula 222
glicensteinii 223
nicaraguensts 223

volume 73(6):474-508 December 1992

Commelina 374
erecta 374
Commelinaceae 374
Commicarpus 371
scandens 371
Compositae 13, 17, 23, 48, 75-77,
96, 97, 122, 148, 159, 200-
202, 219, 257, 258, 260, 343,
344, 421-423, 445, 448, 449,
455
Condaha 373
mezicana 373
spathulata 373
Convolvulaceae 357, 369
Convolvulus 369
arvensis 369
equitans 369
Conyza 74, 187, 201, 367
canadensis 367
coultert 367
stellata 74
Coreocarpus 359, 367
arizonicus 359, 367
Coreopsis 7-13, 27-29, 51, 77, 79,
80, 88-96, 509
abyssinica 88
var. bipinnato-partita 88
badia 89
baum: 89
crataegifolia 89
sect. Electra 13
ezaristata 90
galeottt 11
guanajuatensis 27-29
holst 77, 90
kilimandscharica 90, 91
leptoglossa 91
lineata 91
linifolia 51
lupulina 92
macvaught 27, 29
mexicana 9-11
forma hyperdasya 11

Index to taxa, volume 72

Coreopsis mezicana (cont.)
var. hyperdasya 10, 11
var. mezicana 9
-morotonensis 509
mutica 7-13

var. carnosifolia 8, 9, 11-13
var. guerreroana 7, 8, 11, 12
var. holotricha 8, 9, 11, 12

var. leptomera 8-10, 11
var. mezicana 10, 11

var. microcephala 8, 9, 11-13
var. mulithgulata 8, 11-13

var. mutica 7-12
var. simplicifolia 7, 9-11

var. subvillosa 7-9, 11, 12

ochracea 92
odora 509
pinnatipartita 93

sect. Pseudoagarista 13, 27, 29

queretarensis 27, 29
rudzs 29
scabrifolia 93
schimperi 95
scopulorum 509
steppia 77, 94
Cornaceae 169, 179
Cornus 120, 169-179
disciflora 177
var. floccosa 177
florida 169-179
cv. ‘Barton’ 175
cv. ‘Cloud 9,’ 175
subsp. florida 175, 176
var. florida 174

var. pringler 169, 171, 174, 178,

179

subsp. urbinzana 169, 170, 172-

178

var. urbiniana 173, 174, 178

pringle: 171-174, 178

urbiniana 173, 178
Cortaderta 378
Corydalis 372

Corydalis (cont.)
aurea 372

Coryphantha 365, 368
recurvata 365
scheert 365, 368

var. robustispina 365, 368

vivipara 368
var. bisbeeana 368
Cottea 375
pappophoroides 375
Crassula 369
erecta 369
Crassulaceae 369
Crotalaria 155-158, 370
tncana 155-158
var. australis 155

483

var. grandiflora 155, 157

var. incana 155, 157
forma microphylla 156
var. nicaraguensis 155
pumila 370
Croton 370
pottsi 370
Cryptantha 357, 368
angustifolia 368
barbigera 368
micrantha 368
nevadensis 368
pterocarya 368
Ctentum 439-442
aromaticum 439, 442
Cucurbita 369
digitata 369
foetidissima 369
Cucurbitaceae 369
Cuscuta 369
erosa 369
Cymophora 242-246
hintoni: 243, 245
luckowana 242-245
pringle: 242, 243, 245
venezuelensis 243

Cynanchum 359, 366, 367

484 PHYTOLOGIA

Cynanchum (cont.)
arizonicum 359, 367
wigginsi 366

Cynoctonum 52
sesstltfoltum 52

Cynodon 275, 375
dactylon 275, 375

Cyperaceae 51, 124, 125, 135, 357,

374, 381, 383

Cyperus 356, 364, 374, 382
albomarginatus 374
aristatus 374
compressus 382
dipsaceus 374
esculentus 374
flavicomus 374
flavus 374
haspan 382
mutist: 374
odoratus 364, 374
pallidicolor 374
polystachyos 382
rusby1 374
sphaerolepis 374
squarrosus 374
wrightt 374

Cytocymura 75

Dactyloctentum 382
aegyttum 382

Dalbergaria 220, 223-228
asteroloma 225
crassa 225
evolvens 223
filifera 224
lanata 225
madisont 224
mastersonii 225
medicinalis 226
ornata 227
picta 226
polyantha 227
schimpffii 228

volume 73(6):474-508

December 1992

Dalbergarta (cont.)
tutunendana 228
Dalea 370, 425-428
eriophylla 425-428
var. ertiophylla 425, 427
var. frankentoides 425, 427
var. uniflora 425, 427
series Eriophyllae 425
nana 370
var. carnescens 370
sect. Parosela 425
pogonathera 370
pulchra 370
uniflora 425-427
Damnamenia 339, 340, 344
Dasylirion 120, 267, 360, 374, 438
wheeleri 360, 374
Datura 373
metelotdes 373
Daucus 366
pusillus 366
Detregyne 128
confusa 128
durangensis 128
Delphinium 373
scaposum 373
Dendrobium 3-6
finniganense 3-6
adae 5, 6
fleckeri 3, 5, 6
Dendromecon 330, 331, 333, 336
Dennstaedtiaceae 51
Deprea 270-273
cardenastana 273
glabra 272
granulosa 273
ortnocensis 272
paneroi 270, 271, 273
sylvarum 272
Descuratnia 368
pinnata 368
ssp. halictorum 368
sophia 368

Index to taxa, volume 72 485

Desmanthus 370

cooley: 370
Desmodium 358, 370

batocaulon 358, 370
Dicanthelitum 51

acuminatum 51
Dichelostemma 374

pulchellum 374
Dicotyledonae 366
Digitaria 359, 360, 362, 375

californica 360, 362, 375

cognata 375

insularis 359, 375

sanguinc ts 375

Diodta 55, 373

teres 373

virgintana 55
Diplostephium 339
Distephanus 76
Dodonaea 373

viscosa 373

var. angustifolia 373

Draba 368

cunetfolia 368

var. integrifolia 368

Drosera 52, 98-116, 441

barbigera 99, 107

bicolor 98, 109, 111, 112

brevifolia 52

captllaris 52

citrina 98, 99-101, 105

dichrosepala 102

enodes 109

sect. Ergalium 111

subg. Ergalium 111

sect. Lamprolepis 100, 102, 105,

107, 109
lasiantha 98, 100, 102-104
macrophylla 98, 111, 113, 114
subsp. macrophylla 111

subsp. monantha 98, 111, 113,

114
nivea 98, 100, 104-106

Drosera (cont.)
parvula 98
peltata 111
pycnoblasta 100
rechinger: 100
subg. Rorella 100, 102, 105, 107,
109
salina 111
scorptoides 102
silvicola 98, 105, 107, 108
stelliflora 98, 107, 109, 110
whittakert 98, 113, 115
subsp. aberrans 98, 113, 115
subsp. whittakerz 113
Droseraceae 52, 98
Drymontia 220, 229-231
chiribogana 229, 230
killipir 229
punctulata 230
stenophylla 231
uninerva 231
Dryopetalon 359, 368
runcinatum 359, 368
Duranta 378, 380
rupestris 378, 380
Dyssodia 367
pentachaeta 367

Echinocereus 368
fasciculatus 368
var. fasciculatus 368
fendleri 368
pectinatus 368
var. rigidisstmus 368
Echinochloa 375
crusgall: 375
Echinopepon 369
wrighti 369
Echinocoryne 75
Eirmocephala 75
Electra 9
mezicana 9

Eleocharis 51, 125, 364, 374

486

PHY TLOLOG IA

Eleocharis (cont.)

bella 364, 374
confervotdes 125
montevidensis 374
palustris 374
tortilis 51

Eleusine 382

indica 382

Elymus 375

elymotdes 375
triticoides 375

Elyonurus 375

barbiculmis 375

Encelia 367

farinosa 367

Enneapogon 375

desvauzit 375

Ephedra 366

trifurca 366

Ephedraceae 366
Epilobieae 456, 459
Epilobiur 124, 127, 128, 134, 135,

372, 456-462

Alpinae group 461
sect. Boisduvalia 457
brachycarpum 124, 127, 128
canum 372
sect. Chamaenerion 456
cthatum 127
cleistogamum 458
concinnum 457
sect. Currania 458
densiflorum 457
sect. Epilobium 460
glabellum 459
howellii 460, 461
macranthum 458
oregonense 461
pallidum 458
pantculatum 124, 127, 128

ssp. latifolium 372
pygmaeum 458
strictum 458

volume 73(6):474-508 December 1992

Epilobium (cont.)
subulatum 457
torreyi 458
sect. Zauschneria 456
Eragrostis 51, 275, 356, 360, 375,
BHT
curvula 375
var. conferta 375
chloromelas 375 «+
ctlianensis 375
echinochloidea 375
intermedia 360, 375
lehmanniana 360, 375, 377
pectinacea 375
var. miserrima 375
var. pectinacea 375
spectabilis 51
Eremosis 68
Eria 118
australiensis 118
Eriastrum 372
diffusum 372
Ericaceae 52
Ericameria 359, 367
laricifolia 359, 367
Erigeron 119-123, 186-219, 262, 338,
342, 344, 359, 367, 416, 420,
422, 463
accedens 188, 189
algidus 187, 206, 209
aphanactis 186, 193, 194, 199,
205, 209
var. aphanactis 193, 209
var. congestus 193, 209
argentatus 208, 209
asperugineus 207, 210
sect. Asteroidea 199
aureus 197
austiniae 195, 198, 205, 211, 463
barbellulatus 199
basaseachensis 262
bloomer: 199, 205, 210
var. bloomerz 210

Index to taxa, volume 72 487

Erigeron bloomer: (cont.)

var. nudatus 210
var. pubens 210
brewert 206, 210, 215
var. brewert 210
var. porphyreticus 210, 211
californicus 188, 189
cavernensts 218
chiangit 119-122
var. chiangiz 120-122
var. lamprocaulis 119-122
chrysopsidts 186, 195-199, 211,
463
subsp. austiniae 195, 198, 211,
463
var. austiniae 186, 195, 196,
198, 211, 463
var. brevifolius 195-199, 463
subsp. chrysopsidis 195, 198,
211
var. chrysopsidis 195, 196, 198,
463
clokeyi 207, 211
compactus 199, 207, 211
compositus 187, 201, 205, 212
var. compositus 187
var. discoideus 187, 212
var. glabratus 187, 212
concinnus 192, 193, 200, 206,
209, 212
var. aphanactis 193, 209
var. concinnus 212
var. condensatus 212
congestus 193
consimulis 199, 211
coronarius 201
corymbosus 199
curvifolius 197
coulteri 204, 213
divergens 186, 188, 189, 206, 213,
214, 367
eatonit 186, 190-192, 202, 208,
213, 214

Erigeron eatonii (cont.)

var. eatonw 213
var. nevadincola 186, 191,
192, 213, 214
var. plantagineus 191, 192
var. sonnei 186, 190, 191, 213,
214
elegantulus 199
filifolius 207, 214
var. filifolius 214
var. robustior 214
flagellarzs 207, 214
fleruosus 192
foltosus 122, 187
sect. Geniculactis 199, 201
hirtellus 197
wnornatus 205, 215
var. tnornatus 215
jonesit 207, 215
lassenianus 192
latus 207, 215
leromerus 208, 215
sect. Linearifolit 123, 201, 219
linearts 186, 197, 199, 207, 215
lobatus 186, 188, 189, 206, 216
macranthus 217
nauseosus 204, 216
multiceps 189, 190
neomezicanus 359, 367
nevadensis 190, 191
var. sonnei 190
nevadincola 190, 191, 214
ochroleucus 197
var. hirtellus 197
sect. Oritrophium 338
ortegae 187
sect. Osteocaults 199
ovinus 205, 216
oryphyllus 187
peregrinus 186, 190, 204, 216,
217
var. angustifolius 190, 216
subsp. callianthemus 190

488 PHYTOLOGIA

Erigeron peregrinus (cont.)
var. calkanthemus 190, 216
var. hirsutus 190, 216, 217
var. scaposus 190, 216
petiolaris 187, 209
philadelphicus 204, 217
pinkavit 420
pipertanus 195-199
ptscaticus 188
sect. Polyactis 200
pringle: 201
pumilus 186, 192, 193, 199, 200,
206, 212, 217
subsp. concinnoides 192, 212
var. gractltor 217
var. intermedius 192, 193, 217
var. pumilus 192, 217
pygmaeus 206, 217
radicatus 199
scoparioides 119, 122
scopulinus 201
simplex 187
sonnei 190-192, 214
spectosus 204, 217
var. macranthus 217
tener 208, 218
sect. Spathifoltum 199
sect. Trimorpha 186, 203
uncialis 207, 218
subsp. conjugans 218
var. conjugans 218
var. unctalis 218
ursinus 208, 218
utahensts 209
vagus 205, 218
velutipes 188, 201
watsoni 208, 219
sect. Wyomingia 199
Eriocaulaceae 51
Eriocaulon 51
decangulare 51
Eriochloa 375

acuminata 375

volume 73(6):474-508 December 1992

Eriochloa (cont.)

gracths 375

lemmontu 375
Eriogoneae 346
Eriogonoideae 345
Eriogonum 345, 346, 356, 372

abertianum 372

deflerum 372

var. turbinatum 372

polycladon 372

thurberi 372

tomentosum 345, 346

trichopes 372

wrightz 372
Erioneuron 375

pulchellum 375
Eriophyllum 367

lanosum 367
Erodtum 370

ctcutarium 370

tezanum 370
Eryngium 51, 359, 366

heterophyllum 359, 366

integrifolum 51
Erysimum 368

capitatum 368
Erythrina 359, 370

flabelliformis 359, 370
Eschscholzia 330, 331, 333, 336, 372

californica 372

ssp. mezicana 372

fumarifoha 333

glyptosperma 331

palmer: 330

parishii 331
Eschscholtzieae 330
Eschscholzieae 330, 331
Eschscholzioideae 331, 333
Eucalyptus 100

marginata 100
Eucrypta 371

micrantha 371

Index to taxa, volume 72

Eupatorieae 18, 23, 159, 304, 306,
348
Eupatorium 51, 71, 359, 367
fuertesi 71
leucolepis 51
perrintanum 71
pycnocephalum 367
rotundtfolium 51
solidaginifolium 359, 367
tulanum 71
Euphorbia 370
ezstipulata 370
Euphorbiaceae 357, 366, 370
Eustachys 274-276
caribaea 276
distichophylla 274, 275
floridana 274, 275
glauca 274
neglecta 274, 275
petraea 274, 275
retusa 274, 275
Euthamia 320
Evaz 367
multicaulis 367
Evolvulus 369
alstnoides 369
arizonicus 369
pilosus 369
sericeus 369
Eysenhardtia 359, 370
orthocarpa 370
polystachya 359

Fabaceae 124, 126, 281, 357, 370,
425
Fagaceae 370
Falcata 291
ovalifoha 291
Ferocactus 369
wislizenit 369
Filago 367
cakfornica 367
depressa 367

Fimbristylis 125, 382, 383
miltacea 382
Fleischmannia 21
urentfolia 21
var. meztiae 21
Foresttera 371
shrevei 371
Fouquierta 360, 370
splendens 360, 370
Fouquieriaceae 370
Frazinus 358, 371
velutina 358, 371
var. toumeyt 371
Froelichia 366
arizonica 366
Futrena 51
squarrosa 51
Fumariaceae 336

Galactta 285, 296, 359, 370
hirta 296
radicata 285
wrighti 359,370
Galinsoga 246, 255, 257
sect. Elata 257
filiformis 257
Galinsoginae 246, 255, 257, 258
Galktum 373
aparine 373
microphyllum 373
proliferum 373
Gaura 362, 372
coccinea 372
var. arizzonica 372
gracilis 372
parviflora 372
Gayophytum 458
strictum 458
Gelsernium 52
sempervirens 52
Gentianaceae 52
Geraniaceae 370
Gesneriaceae 220

489

490 PHY TOLOG IA

Gilia 372
mezicana 372
ophthalmoides 372
ssp. australis 372
Glandularia 374
bipinnatifida 374
var. bipinnatifida 374
Ghnus 366
radiatus 366
Glycine 289
biloba 289
Gnaphalhum 367
chilense 367
leucocephalum 367
purpureum 367
wrighti 367
Gomphrena 362, 366
caespttosa 366
sonorae 366
Gossypium 371
thurberi 371
Gratiola 52
neglecta 52
ptlosa 52
Grindelia 264-266, 326-329
adenodonta 326, 327, 328
arizonica 327
grandiflora 327
greenmani 265
inuloides 266
lanceolata 327
microcephala 326-328
var. adenodonta 327
var. microcephala 327, 328
var. montana 326
var. pusilla 327
nuda 327
oazacana 326
obovatifolia 265
orylepis 265, 327
pusilla 326, 327, 328
squarrosa 327
tenella 327

volume 73(6):474-508 December 1992

Grindelia (cont.)
turnert 264, 265
villarrealii 264-266

-Guilleminea 366

densa 366
Guizotia 77, 80, 94
bidentoides 94
Gutierrezia 363, 367
microcephala 363, 367
sarothrae 367
Gymnopogon 51
brevifolius 51
Gymnospermae 366

Haloragaceae 370
Haplopappus 57
Haplophyton 359, 367
crookstt 359, 367
Harpagonella 368
palmer: 368
var. arizonica 368
Hebecladus 274
granulosus 273
Hedyotis 55
uniflora 55
Helenieae 422
Helenium 358, 367
thurbert 358, 367
Heliantheae 2, 13, 48, 96, 143, 148,
149, 154, 242, 246, 255, 257,
258, 302, 350, 422
Helianthus 51, 367
angustifolius 51
annuus 367
petiolaris 367
Hemicarpha 374
micrantha 374
Hemizonia 259, 260
congesta 259, 260
subsp. congesta 259
leucocephala 259, 260
var. lutescens 259
corymbosa 260

Index to taxa, volume 72 491

Hemizonia (cont. )
leucocephala 259, 260
lutescens 259
multicaults 259
subsp. vernalis 259
Herissantia 359, 371
crispa 359, 371
Heteranthera 358, 376
limosa 358, 376
Heteropogon 359, 360, 362, 375
contortus 360, 362, 375
melanocarpus 359, 375
Heterosperma 154, 358, 367
pinnatum 358, 367
Heterotheca 359, 365, 367, 416, 417,
449-455
bolanderi 450
camphorata 451
echioides 450
fastigiata 451
horrida 453
subsp. cinerascens 453
rutter: 359, 365, 367
sesstliflora 449-453
subsp. bolanderi 449, 451

subsp. echioides 449, 450, 451,

453

subsp. fastigiata 449, 451-453
var. bolanderioides 449, 450,

451
var. camphorata 449, 451,
453
var. echioides 450, 451
var. fastigiata 452, 453
var. sanjacintensis 449, 452
subazillaris 367
villosa 449, 453, 454
var. scabra 449, 453, 454
var. hispida 453, 454
var. shevockii 449, 453, 454
Hibiscus 371
biseptus 371
coulteri 371

Hilaria 362, 375
belangerz 362, 375
Hofmeisteria 18-23
gayleana 18-20, 22
mexiae 18, 21-23
schaffner1 20-22
sinaloensis 20-22
standleyi 21-23
urentfolia 18, 20, 21, 23
var. meziae 18, 21
Hordeum 359, 375
murinum 375
ssp. glaucum 375
leporinum 375
pusillum 359, 375
Hunnemannia 330-336
fumariaefolia 336
fumaritfolia 330-335
hintoniorum 330, 333-335
Hunnemannieae 331
Hybanthus 358, 374
attenuatus 358, 374
verticillatus 374
Hydastylus 430
Hydrocotyle 364, 366
ranunculoides 364, 366
Hydrophyllaceae 61, 63, 358, 371
Hymenoclea 367
monogyra 367
Hymenothriz 367
wislizenit 367
Hypecoideae 336
Hypericum 52, 55
brachyphyllum 52, 55
cruz-andreae 52
fasciculatum 55
hypertcoides 52
Hypocyrta 235
Hypozis 51
rigida 51

Tlez 51, 178

cortacea 51

492 PLAY T OL.O°GF A

Tlez (cont.)
discolor 178
opaca 51
rubra 178
vomitoria 51
Tonactts 416-418, 421-422
alpina 417, 418, 421
caelestis 418
elegans 416, 420, 421
linariifolia 417, 418
stenomeres 418, 421
Ipomoea 275, 356, 369
barbatisepala 369
coccinea 275, 369
costellata 369
hederacea 369
leptotoma 369
purpurea 369
quamoclit 275
Ipomopsts 372
longtflora 372
Iresine 359, 366
heterophylla 359, 366
Iridaceae 374, 429, 430, 433, 434
Iridoideae 434
Isocoma 318, 360, 363, 367
coronoptfolia 318
tenutsecta 360, 363, 367

Janusia 371
gracilts 371
Jatropha 370
cardtophylla 370
macrorhiza 370
Juglandaceae 371
Juglans 358, 371
major 358, 371
Juncaceae 51, 374
Juncus 51, 363, 374
balticus 363, 374
bufonius 374
marginatus 51
scirpoides 51

volume 73(6):474-508

December 1992

Juncus (cont.)
tenuis 374
var. tenurs 374
torreyt 363, 374
trigonocarpus 51
Justicia 140-142
sect. Pentaloba 140-142
hintoniorum 140-142
pilosella 140-142
turnert 140-142

Kallstroemia 374
californica 374
grandiflora 374

Karwinskia 435-438
humboldtiana 435,438
tehuacana 435, 436-438

Krameria 360, 371
parvifolia 360, 371

var. wumparata 371

Krameriaceae 371

Kyllinga 382
odorata 382
pumila 382

Lachnocaulon 51
anceps 51
Lactuca 367
serriola 367
Lemnaceae 374
Lactuceae 261
Laennecta 187, 201, 267-269
chihuahuana 267, 268
confusa 268
maptmiana 269
pimana 268
spellenbergii 267, 268
Lagascea 367
dectptens 367
Lamiaceae 371
Lamium 371
amplezicaule 371
Lappula 368

Index to taxa, volume 72

Lappula (cont.)
redowskii 368
Larrea 333, 354
tridentata 354
Lasallea 422
Lastanthaea 24-26
ritovegana 24-26
roset 24, 26
Lasthenta 367
chrysostoma 367
Lauraceae 52
Leersia 364, 375
oryzoides 364, 375
Leguminosae i155, 301, 428
Lemna 358, 364, 374
gibba 364, 374
minor 364, 374
minima 358, 374
Lentibulariaceae 52
Lepidaploa 65, 67, 69, 75, 76
buzifolia 69
Lepidium 368
lasiocarpum 368
var. lasiocarpum 368
thurber: 368
virginicum 368
var. medium 368
Leptochloa 360, 375
dubia 360, 375
filiformis 375
viscida 375
Leptoloma 375
cognatum 375
Lesquerella 368
gordoni 368
Lessingtanthus 75
Leucelene 367, 417, 422
ertcotdes 367, 417
Tiatris 51
pycnosiachya 51
Liliaceae 51, 307, 374
Linaceae 52, 371
Linanthus 372

Linanthus (cont.)
aureus 372
Linaria 373
tezana 373
Linum 52, 371
lewrsi: 371
medium 52
puberulum 371
Loasaceae 371
Lobelia 52, 251, 253, 359, 369
fenestralis 359, 369
reverchonit 52
Loeflingia 369
squarrosa 369
Loganiaceae 52
Lomatium 366
nevadense 366
var. pseudorientale 366
Lotus 357, 370
corniculatus 370
greener 370
humistratus 370
oroboides 370
salsuginosus 370
Ludwigia 372
palustris 372
Lupinus 362, 370
brevicaults 362, 370
concinnus 370
sparsiflorus 370
Lyctum 373
anderson 373
ezsertum 373
Lycopodiaceae 51
Lycopodium 51
alopecuroides 51
appressum 51
carolintanum 51
Lycurus 375
setosus 375
Lythraceae 371
Lythrum 358, 371
californicum 358, 371

493

494 PHY TOLOGIA

Machaeranthera 318, 367, 368
gracils 367
gypsophila 318
pinnattfida 367

ssp. pinnatifida 367
restsformis 318
tagetina 367
tephrodes 368

Macroptihum 370
heterophyllum 370

Macrosiphon 367
brachystphon 367

Madiinae 259, 260

Magnolia 52
virginiana 52

Magnoliaceae 52

Malacothriz 368
californica 368

var. glabrata 368
clevelandit 368
fendleri 368
sonchoides 368

Maloideae 135

Malpighiaceae 371

Malus 124, 130, 131
pumila 124, 130
steboldii 124, 131
sylvestris 124, 131
toringo 131

Malva 371
parviflora 371

Malvaceae 124, 126, 357, 371

Malvastrum 126, 127
bicuspidatum 126, 127

var. glabrum 127

subsp. turnidum 126, 127

var. tumidum 126, 127

Malvella 371
leprosa 371

Mammillaria 359, 369
gummifera 369

var. applanata 369

var. macdougali: 369

volume 73(6):474-508 December 1992

Mammillaria (cont.)
heyderi 359, 369
var. heyderi 369
macdougali: 369
microcarpa 369
Manihot 370
angustiloba 370
Marah 369
gilensis 369
Marina 370
calycosa 370
Marrubium 371
vulgare 371
Marshallia 51
graminifolia 51
ssp. tenutfolia 51
Marsilea 358, 366
vestita 358, 366
Marsileaceae 366
Martyniaceae 371
Matelea 277, 278, 280
gonoloboides 280
magallanesii 277, 278, 280
ptlosa 277, 280
qutrosiz 280
Maurandya 373
antirrhiniflora 373
Mecardonta 373 |
vandelhioides 373 |
Medicago 370
polymorpha 370
Melampodium 368
longicorne 368
Melastomataceae 52
Melilotus 370
indicus 370
Menispermaceae 371
Mentzelia 371
albicaulis 371
asperula 371
multiflora 371
pumila 371
Mespilus 129, 130

Index to taxa, volume 72

Mespilus (cont.)
arbutifolius 129, 130
Microlecane 77, 80, 95, 96
carinata 95
Microseris 368
linearifolia 368
Microsteris 372
gracths 372
Mikania 159-163
micrantha 164
nana 159, 160
obtusa 163
obtusata 163
pacei 159, 161, 163
reynoldsii 159, 162, 164
scandens 165
virninea 159
Milleria 154
Mimosa 141, 360, 370
biuncifera 360, 370
dysocarpa 370
Mimulus 373
floribundus 373
guttatus 373
nasutus 373
Minuria 340
Mtrabilts 371
longtflora 371
Mitracarpus 373
breviflorus 373
Mollugo 366
verticillata 366
Monactis 154
Monocotyledonae 374, 433
Monolepis 369
nuttalliana 369
Monopttlon 416, 417
Montanoa 1
speciosa 1
Moraceae 371
Morus 371
microphylla 371
Muhlenbergia 51, 356, 363, 375

Muhlenbergia (cont.)
arizonica 375
asperifolia 363, 375
emersley: 375
ezpansa 51
fragilis 375
maicrosperma 375
portert 375
rigens 375

Myosurus 359, 373
cupulatus 373
minimus 359, 373

Myrica 52, 384
cerifera 52
heterophylla 52

Myricaceae 52

Myriophyllum 364, 370, 382
aquaticum 382
ezalbescens 364, 370

Nama 61-63, 371
cuatrocienegense 61, 62
hispidum 371

var. spathulatum 371
parvifolium 61, 62
rzedowsku 61, 62
serpylloides 61, 62

var. confertum 62

var. serpylloides 62

var. velutiznum 62

Nasturtium 368
officinale 368

Neurocarpon 285
mezicanum 285

Nicotiana 373
trigonophylla 373

Nissolia 370
schottz 370

Nolkina 360, 374
microcarpa 360, 374

Notholaena 359, 366
gray: 366
integerrima 366

495

496 PREY TOLOGIA

Notholaena (cont.)
sinuata 366
standleyt 366

Nothoscordum 363, 374
tezanum 363, 374

Noticastrum 339

Nyctaginaceae 371

Nymphaea 371
mezicana 371
odorata 371

Nymphaeaceae 371

Nyssa 52
sylvatica 52

Nyssaceae 52

Oberonia 118
pusilla 118
Octarrhena 117, 118
pusilla 117, 118
Odontotrichum 40, 41, 46
ertocarpum 46
pachyphyllum 41

Oenothera 357-359, 363, 372, 457-

459
sect. Boisduvalia 457
concinna 457
denstflora 457
flava 359, 372
glabella 459
primiveris 372
pygmaea 458
rosea 358, 372
speciosa 363, 372
subulata 457
torreyt 458
Oleaceae 371
Olearia 339, 340, 343
Onagraceae 124, 127, 135, 357, 372,
456, 459, 460, 462
Onothera 457, 458
group Boisduvalia 457
cleistogama 458
subulata 457

volume 73(6):474-508

December 1992

Onothera subulata (cont.)
race concinna 457
Acta 356, 360, 369
arbuscula 369
engelmanni 369
fulgida 369
var. mammillata 369
leptocaulis 369
macrorhiza 369
var. macrorhiza 369
phaeacantha 369
var. discata 369
var. major 369
spinostor 369
versicolor 369
violacea 369
var. santa-rita 369
Orchidaceae 3, 6, 51, 117, 124, 128,
443
Oritrophium 338-342
aciculifolium 340
blepharophyllum 338, 342
figuetrasi 338, 342
hirtopilosum 340
nevadense 338, 340, 342
orizabense 338, 340-342
vahli 338
Orobanchaceae 372
Orobanche 372
coopert 372
Orthocarpus 373
purpurascens 373
Osmunda 51
cinnamomea 51
regalis 51
Osmundaceae 51
Ostrya 120
Oxalidaceae 372
Ozalis 372
albicans 372
ssp. pilosa 372
stricta 372
Ozypolis 51

Index to taxa, volume 72 497

Ozypolis (cont.)
rigidior 51

Pachystegia 339, 340
Panicum 51, 357, 375
antidotale 375
arizonicum 375
hirticaule 375
obtusum 375
pampinosum 375
stramineum 375
virgatum 51
Papaveracese 330, 331, 336, 337, 372
Papavereae 331
Papaveroideae 336
Papilionateae 301
Paradrymonia 220, 231-233
binata 231
cthosa 233
fuquaiana 232
hypocyrta 232
prististoma 233
tylocalyca 232
Parietaria 373
hespera 373
Parkinsonia 358, 370
aculeata 358, 370
Parthenice 368
mollis 368
Paspalum 51, 55, 275, 364, 375
distichum 364, 375
floridanum 51, 55
laeve 55
notatum 275
Passiflora 359, 372
foetida 359, 372
mezicana 372
Passifloraceae 372
Pectts 368
longtpes 368
Pectocarya 368
heterocarpa 368
platycarpa 368

Pectocarya (cont.)
recurvata 368
Pediculareae 414
Pellaea 359, 366
truncata 359, 366
Penstemon 373
parry: 373
Pentachaeta 418, 419, 423
bellidiflora 419
Pentadenta 220, 234-238
byrsina 235
ecuadorana 238
hypocyrtantha 234
tsernit 236
katzensteinii 235
manabiana 235
rileyi 236
rubriacuta 237
tandapiana 238
trollia 234
zapotalana 236, 237
Perezta 73, 74
nervata 74
paniculata 73
vernontoides 73
Persea 52
borbonia 52
Perymenium 1, 2, 59, 60
hintoni 1, 2
paneroi 1, 2
Petromecon 330, 331
Petunia 373
parviflora 373
Phaceha 357, 358, 371
affinis 371
arizonica 371
coerulea 371
distans 371
ramosissima 358, 371
Phalarts 375
caroliniana 375
Phaseoleae 281
Phaseolus 359, 366

498 PHY TOLOGIA volume 73(6):474-508 December 1992

Phaseolus (cont.) Pinus (cont.)
heterophyllus 359 cembroides 427
supinus 366 palustris 51, 443
Philodendron 30, 32-38 taeda 51
alliodorum 30, 32 Piptocarpha 68
ensifolium 30, 32, 33 Piptocarphinae 68
herbaceum 30, 34, 35 Plagiobothrys 368
hintontorum 59, 60 arizonicus 368
mendeziu 59, 60 pringle: 368
var. angustifolium 59, 60 Plantaginaceae 372
opacum 30, 35-37 Plantago 372
subg. Pteromischum 30 major 372
senatocarpium 33 patagontca 372
standleyi 30, 37, 38 var. gnaphaloides 372
tamaulipense 59, 60 virginica 372
yanezii 59 Platanthera 443
Phoradendron 374 integra 443
californicum 374 Pleurophyllum 339, 340, 343.
tomentosum 374 Plumbaginaceae 372
ssp. tomentosum 374 Plumbago 359, 372
Phreatia 117, 118 scandens 359, 372
batleyana 117, 118 Poa 363, 375
pusilla 118 annua 363, 375
Phyla 374 bigelovi 375
cunetfolta 374 pratensis 375
Physalis 272, 373 Poaceae 51, 274, 276, 356, 357, 375,
hederaefolia 373 439 |
longifolia 373 Podachaenium 143-148 |
orinocensts 272 andinum 145 |
pubescens 373 chiapanum 143, 144-148
wrightt 373 eminens 143, 145
Phytolaccaceae 372 pachyphyllum 143-146, 148
Picea 178 standleyi 143-145, 146, 148
chthuahuana 178 Podochilinae 117
martinezit 178 Podochilus 117, 118
Pinaceae 51 australiensis 117, 118
Pinaropappus 261, 262 —. Pogonia 51
parvus 261 ophioglossoides 51
pattersonii 261, 262 Poinsettia 370
pooleanus 261, 262 heterophylla 370
Pinguicula 52 var. graminifolic 370
pumila 52 var. heterophylla 370

Pinus 44, 51, 267, 427, 443 Polanisia 369

Index to taxa, volume 72

Polanisia (cont.)

dodecandra 369

ssp. trachysperma 369

Polemoniaceae 358, 372
Polygala 52

incarnata 52
Polygala 372

barbeyana 372
Polygalaceae 52, 372
Polygonaceae 345, 346, 357, 372
Polygonum 357, 358, 364, 372

aviculare 372

lapathifolizum 372

pensylvanicum 358, 372

perstcarta 372

punctatum 364, 372
Polypogon 363, 364, 375

monspeliensis 363, 364, 375
Pontederiaceae 376
Populus 358, 373

fremonti 358, 373
Porophyllum 368

gracile 368

ruderale 368

ssp. macrocephalum 368

Portulaca 362, 372

retusa 372

suffrutescens 372

umbraticola 372
Portulacaceae 372
Potamogeton 358, 376

foliosus 358, 376

pusillus 358, 376
Potamogetonaceae 376
Potentilla 359, 373

rivalis 359, 373
Primulaceae 372
Proboscidea 371

altheaefolia 371

parviflora 371
Prosopis 333, 358, 360, 370

velutzna 358, 360, 370
Psacalium 40-48

Psacalium (cont.)
amplum 41, 42, 44
cronquistiorum 40, 42-45
ertocarpum 40, 45-47
pachyphyllum 40-45
pentaflorum 40, 45-47
sinuatum 44

Pteridium 51
agutlinum 51

Pteridophyta 366

Pteromischum 33

Ptilimnium 51
capillaceum 51

Pyrrhopappus 363, 368
multicaulis 368
rothrocki 363, 368

Pyrrocoma 57, 58
carthamoides 57

var. subsquarrosa 57
clementis 57

var. villosa 57
congesta 58
crocea 58 .

var. genuflexa 58
genuflera 58
hirta 58

var. lanulosa 58
lanceolata 58

var. subviscosa 58
lanulosa 58
racemosa 58

var. congesta 58

var. sessiliflora 58
sessiliflora 58
subsquarrosa 57
subviscosa 58
villosa 57

Pyrus 130, 131
japonica 130
malus 130, 131

var. paradisiaca 130
var. sylvestris 131
steboldiz 131

499

500 PHYTOLOGIA

Quercus 120, 137, 178, 267, 268, 358-
360, 370

coccolobtfolia 268
eduardit 137
emoryt 358, 360, 370
cf. hartwegtt 267
macvaughi: 268
oblongifolia 358, 360, 370
scytophylla 137
turbinella 359, 360, 370
viminea 137

Rafinesquia 368
californica 368
neomezicana 368

Ranunculus 363, 364, 373
hydrocharoides 364, 373
macranthus 363, 373

Remya 340, 344

Rhamnaceae 373, 435, 438

Rhezia 52
mariana 52
petrolata 52

Rhododendron 52
canescens 52

Rhoogeton 220, 239
panamensis 239
viviparum 239

Rhynchosia 370
tezana 370

Rhynchosida 371
physocalyz 371

Rhynchospora 51
chalarocephala 51
globularts 51

var. globularis 51
gracilenta 51
macra 51
oligantha 51
plumosa 51
pusilla 51

Richardta 275

brastlensis 275

volume 73(6):474-508

December 1992

Rigiopappus 418
Rivina 372
humilts 372
Rosaceae 124, 129, 135, 373
Rubiaceae 373
Rubus 275
Rumer 372
crispus 372
hymenosepalus 372

Sabal 16
Sabatia 52
gentianoides 52
Sabazia 246, 257
Sacciolepis 382
indica 382
Sageretia 373
wrighti 373
Salicaceae 373
Saliz 358, 363, 373, 460
cf. babylonica 373
gooddingii 358, 363, 373
taztfolia 358, 373
Salsola 369
tberica 369
Sambucus 369
mezicana 369
Sapindaceae 373
Sapindus 358, 373
saponarta 358, 373
var. drummondi: 358, 373
Sapotaceae 373
Saracha 378, 380
biflora 378, 380
Sarcostemma 367
crispum 367
cynanchordes 367
ssp. cynanchordes 367
ssp. hartwegtt 367
Sarracenia 52
alata 52
Sarraceniaceae 52
Saururaceae 373

Index to taxa, volume 72 501

Schismus 375
barbatus 375
Schizachyrium 51, 55, 359, 375
cirratum 359, 375
scoparium 51, 55
tenerum 51, 55
Scirpus 125, 358, 364, 374
californicus 358, 374
confervoides 125
olney: 364, 374
Scleria 51, 267
ctlata 51
georgiana 51
reticularis 51
Scrophulariaceae 52, 137, 139, 247,
250, 251, 357, 373, 384, 388,
389, 414, 415
Senecio 48, 51, 359, 368
douglasz 368
var. douglasi 368
var. longilobus 368
lemmoni 359, 368
tomentosus 51
Senecioneae 40, 48
Senna 124, 126, 275, 370
artemistoides 124, 126
bauhinioides 370
hirsuta 370
Setaria 363, 375
arizonica 375
gentculata 363, 375
grisebachit 375
leucoptila 375
Sicyosperma 358, 369
gracile 358, 369
Sida 371
procumbens 371
spinosa 371
var. angustifolia 371
Sidalcea 124, 126, 127, 134, 363, 371
malviflora 124, 126, 127
subsp. laciniata 124, 126, 127
var. laciniata 124, 126, 127

Sidalcea malviflora (cont.)
var. sancta 126, 127
neomezicana 363, 371
Siderorylon 358, 373
lanugtnosa 358, 373
Silene 369
antirrhina 369
Simmondsta 358, 373
chinensis 358, 373
Simmondsiaceae 373
Stphonoglossa 366
longiflora 366
Sisymbrium 368
trio 368
Sisyrinchieae 434
Sisyrinchium 363, 374, 429-434
sect. Bermudiana 433
biforme 429, 432
conzattt 433
demissum 363, 374, 429, 432, 433
dimorphum 429, 432-434
subg. Echthronema 430-432, 434
ensigerum 432
micranthum 429, 432, 433
novoleonense 429, 430-432
quadrangulatum 431
scabrum 429, 430, 432, 433
sect. Stsyrinchium 430
subgen. Sisyrinchtum 429-432
Siphonoglossa 140, 142
Sitanion 375
hystriz 375
Smilaz 51
laurtfolia 51
Smithiantha 220, 239, 240
canarina 239
laui 240
multiflora 240
Solanaceae 166, 180, 183, 270, 357,
373, 378
Solanum 166-168, 180-185, 373, 378-
380
acroglosum 180

502 PHY FOLO GIA volume 73(6):474-508 December 1992

Solanum (cont.) Solanum lechnoviczit (cont.)

albornozi 180
amabile 166
amayanum 180
anamatophilum 180
antacochense 180
ayacuchense 180
blanco-galdost 180
brevicaule 185
buesi: 180
bukasovit 185, 166, 167, 380
var. multidissectum 167
cacetanum 167
canasense 166, 167
var. alba 166
var. calcense 166
var. intthuatanense 166
var. latifolia 166
var. lechnoviczi 166
var. zerophilum 167
var. zerophylla 167
candolleanum 181
cantense 181
colombianum 167
series Conicibaccata 185
contumazaense 181
chilliasense 181
chiquidenum 181
deflerum 373
dolichocremastrum 181
douglasi 373
elaeagnifoltum 373
espinarense 167
guzmanguense 181
hapalosum 167
hawkesii 168
humectophilum 181
hypacrarthrum 181
immuite 181
ingaefoliurm 181
irosinum 181
jalcae 181
lechnoviczit 167

var. latifolia 167

var. zerophylla 167
litustinum 181
lobbtanum 181, 183-185

f. multidissectum 185
lumholtzianum 373
marinasense 167
minuttfoliolum 181
multidissectum 167
nemorosum 181
neovavilovi 181
nubicola 182
ochoae 167
olmosense 182
orophilum 182
pampasense 167, 182
paramoense 168, 182
peloquinianum 182
sect. Petota 166, 378
pillahuatense 182
piurae 182
pumilum 167
punoense 167
quillonanum 182
raphanifolium 168
raguralatum 182
saxatilis 378-380
sicuanum 167
soukupw 167

var. esptnarense 167
suffrutescens 182
tacnaense 182
taulisense 182
trinitense 182
series Tuberosa 380
tuberosum 168

subsp. andigena 168
urubambae 182
villuspetalum 182
wittmacku 182

Solidago 368, 422

sparsiflora 368

Index to taxa, volume 72 503

Sonchus 368
asper 368
Sorghum 360, 375
halepense 360, 375
Spermolepis 366
echinata 366
Sphaeralcea 358, 371
angustifolia 371
emoryt 371
fendleri 358, 371
var. venusta 371
Sphagnum 50, 509
Spiranthes 124, 128
confusa 124, 128
durangensis 128
Spiranthinae 134
Sporobolus 363, 375, 376
contractus 375
cryptandrus 375
wrightw 363, 375, 376
Squamopappus 143, 148
Stachys 371
coccinea 371
Stemodia 251-254
costaricensis 251-253
religuiarum 251-253
Stenocarpha 255-258
filiformis 255
ritovegana 255, 256
Stenocephalum 75
Stephanomeria 368
ezigua 368
pauciflora 368
Sterculiaceae 373
Stipa 378, 380
tchu 378, 380

Talinum 372
aurantiacum 372
paniculatum 372

Tamaricaceae 373

Tamariz 373

ramosissima 373

Tarus 178
globosa 178
Tecoma 359, 368
stans 359, 368
Tephrosia 370
tenella 370
Tetraclea 374
coultert 374
Tetramalopium 340
Tetramerium 366
nervosum 366
hispidum 366
Thelasiinae 117
Thelypodiopsis 358, 368
lineartfolia 358, 368
Thysanocarpus 368
curvipes 368
var. elegans 368
Tidestromia 366
lanuginosa 366
Tilia 120
Tillaea 369
erecta 369
Tithonia 358, 368
thurber: 358, 368
Tozicodendron 51
radicans 51
verniz 51
Trachypogon 359, 376
secundus 359, 376
Tracyina 418, 421
Tragia 370
nepetaefolia 370
Trianthema 366
portulacastrum 366
Tribulus 374
terrestris 374
Trichachne 375
californica 375
insularis 375
Tridaz 243, 246, 350-352
candidissima 350, 352
hintoniorum 350-352

504 PHY TOLOGIA

Tridens 51
ambiguus 51
Trifolhum 363, 370
wormskioldi 363, 370
var. wormskioldi 370
lacerum 370

Trimorpha 186, 201, 203, 204, 208
lonchophyllus 203, 204, 208

Triodanis 369
biflora 369
holangeri 369

Trisetum 376
interruptum 376

Triticum 376
aestivum 376

Trizts 368
californica 368

Typha 364, 376
domingensis 376
latifolia 364, 376

Typhaceae 376

Ulmaceae 373

Urticaceae 373

Utricularia 52, 441
cornuta 52
juncea 52
subulata 52

Vaccinium 52
corymbosum 52
Verbena 321-325, 359, 374
bracteata 359, 374
canescens 321, 323
gracilis 321, 374
halez 321
johnstonii 321, 323, 324
menthaefolta 321
neomezicana 321, 323, 374
var. hirtella 321, 323
var. neomezicana 323
perennis 321-324
forma johnstonu 322

volume 73(6):474-508 December 1992

Verbena perennis (cont.)
var. johnstoni 321
plicata 321
shrevet 322
stricta 325
Verbenaceae 321, 325, 374
Verbesina 14, 15, 145, 154, 302, 303,
368
enceliordes 368
hintoniorum 302, 303
montanotfolia 14, 15
potosina 303
sect. Pseudomonianoa 14, 15
standley: 145
tecolotlana 14
zaragosana 302, 303
Vernonanthura 65, 66-74
almedae 68
amplexicaulis 66, 68
angulata 66, 68
auriculata 69
beyrichii 68
brasiliana 69
buxifolia 69
canaminina 69
catharinensis 69
chamaedrys 69
cichoriifolia 69
chaquensis 69
cocleana 66, 69
condensata 69
cordata 70
crassa 66, 70
cronquistii 70
cuneifolia 70
cupularis 70
cymosa 68, 70
deppeana 70
diffusa 70
discolor 70
fagifolia 70
ferruginea 70
fuertesii 71

Index to taxa, volume 72

Vernonanthura (cont.)
havanensis 71
hieracioides 71
ignobilis 71
laxa 71
liatroides 71
loretensis 71
lucida 71
mariana 71

membranacea 68, 71

menthaefolia 71

montevidensis 68, 72

mucronulata 72
nudifiora 72
oaxacana 72
oligactoides 72
oligolepis 72
paludosa 72
patens 72
petiolaris 73
phaeoneura 73
phosphorica 68, 73
pinguis 66, 73
piresii 73
prenanthoides 73
puberula 73
rigiophylia 73
sambrayana 73
serratuloides 73
sinclairii 74
squamulosa 74
stellata 74
subverticillata 74
tuerckheimii 74
tweedieana 66, 74
viscidula 74
westiana 74

yurimeguasensis 74
Vernonia 16, 17, 65, 67-76

albifiia 74
almedae 68
amplezicaulis 68
angulata 69

Vernonia (cont.)

arechavaletae 72
aschenborniana 72
assana 69
auriculata 69
baccharoides 72
bahiensts 70

bangit 72

barker 71
beyrichi: 69
blodgettz 67
brasiliana 68, 69
ser. Brasilianae 67
buztfolia 69
subsect. Buztfoltae 67
camporum 74
canaminina 69
capreaefolia 71
catharinensts 69
chamaedrys 69

subsect. Chamaedrys 67, 76

subser. Chamaedrys 67
subser. Chaquensts 67
cichortifolia 69
chaquensis 69
cocleana 69
collina 72
condensata 69
conyzoides 72
corcovadensis 73
cordata 70
corymbulosa 74
crassa 70
crenata 70
cronquisti 70
cubensts 71
cunetfolia 70
cupularts 70
cymosa 70
denticulata 69
deppeana 70
diffusa 70
discolor 70

505

506

PHYTOLOGIA

Vernonia (cont.)

domingensts 69
ehrenbergiana 71
elsieae 73
ervendbergit 67
fagtfolia 70
faustiana 16, 67
ferruginea 70
florida 72
fuertesit 71
gochnatioides 72
greggt: 67
grisebachi: 71
haenkeana 72
havanensis 71
hebeclada 74
hieracioides 71
hilariana 73
tgnobilis 71

ilez 69

insularis 67—
ttapensis 70
jaliscana 73
joyaliae 16
karvinskiana 74
lanceolaris 72
laza 71

subser. Lazae 67

sect. Lepidaploa 16, 17
subsect. Lepidaploae Paniculatae

67

subsect. Leptdaploae Scorpioideae

67
hatroides 71
loretensts 71
lucida 71
mariana 71
membranacea 71
menthaefolia 71
micradenta 72
microphylla 74
misstonts 68,70
monsonensts 72

volume 73(6):474-508

Vernonia (cont.)

mucronulata 72
montana 69
montevuidensts 72
morelana 70
nitidula 68, 72
ser. Nitidulae 67

subsect. Nitidulae 67

nudiflora 72

subsect. Nud:florae 67
subser. Nudtflorae 67

oazacana 72
odoratissima 69
oligactoides 72
oligolepis 72
ortentis 71
ottonis 71
pacchensis 72
paludosa 72

subsect. Paniculatae 67, 75

patens 72
petrolaris 73
phaeoneura 73
pinguts 73
ptresi 73
polyanthes 68, 73

subsect. Polyanthes 67

polycephala 70
praecoz 74
prenanthoides 73
psittacorum 73
puberula 73

ser. Puberulae 67
pusilliflora 74
rigiophylla 73
ruficoma 68, 71
salamana 72
sambrayana 73
scabra 69
schaffnerz 67
schulziana 74

subsect. Scorptoidea Verae 67

serratuloides 73

December 1992

Index to taxa, volume 72

Vernonia (cont.) Vitis aestivalis (cont.)
sinclaira 74 var. bourquinzana 133
sorocabae 72 var. glauca 133
squamulosa 74 arizonica 358, 374
stictophylla 71 var. arizonica 374
stuebelt: 72 candicans 132, 133
subverticillata 74 var. cortacea 132, 133
sylvestris 70 cinerea 132, 133
tuerckhetmi 74 var. canescens 132, 133
tweedieana 74 cordifolia 132, 133
umbellifera 73 var. helleri 132, 133
ser. Umbelliformes 67, 74, 75 cortacea 132
vargast 72 longz 132, 133
vernontoides 74 var. microsperma 132, 133
viscidula 74 rupestris 132, 133
weberbauert 72 var. dissecta 132, 133
westiana 74 vulpina 133
yurimaguasensis 74 var. praecoz 133

Vernoniaceae 75 Vulpia 376

Vernonieae 17, 65, 66, 75, 76 octoflora 376

Vernoniinae 65, 66 Vittadinia 340

Veronica 359, 373
anagaliis-aquatica 373 Waltherza 359, 373
peregrina 359, 373 americana 359, 373

ssp. zalapensis 359, 373 Websteria 124, 125

Viburnum 52 confervoides 124, 125
nudum 52 Wedelia 48

Vicra 370
ludoviciana 370 Xanthium 363, 368

Viguiera 1, 368 strumarium 363, 368
dentata 368 Xylothamia 318-320

var. lancifolia 368 pseudobaccharis 319
multiflora 368 purpusit 319
puruana 1 triantha 318, 319

Viola 52, 509 truncata 318, 319
primulifolia 52 Xyridaceae 51

Violaceae 52, 374, 509 Xyris 51, 55, 441

Viscaceae 374 ambigua 51

Vitaceae 124, 132, 374 baldwintana 51

Viter 16 dtfformis 51
mollis 16 var. curttsst 51

Vatis 132, 133, 358, 374 drummondi 51, 55

aestivalis 133 jupicat 55

508 PHY TOLO GIA volume 73(6):474-508

Xyrts (cont.)
scabrifolia 51
torta 51

Yabea 366
microcarpa 366
Yucca 120, 333, 360, 374
arizonica 374
elata 360, 374

Zamuia 141
Zannichellia 364, 376
palustris 364, 376
Zannichelliaceae 376
Zephyranthes 374
longifolia 374
Zigadenus 307, 308, 311
fontanus 308
micranthus 307, 308
var. fontanus 307, 308
var. micranthus 308
Zinnia 360, 368 ©
acerosa 360, 368
Zizyphus 363, 373
obtuszfolia 363, 373
var. canescens 373
Zygophyllaceae 374

December 1992

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):509.

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

Volume 71, number 6, inside front cover, add to Contents:

pindex to muthors. WOlUMe Tie 22.2 8cas oes cs coe cc een d ote oe een eee 486
Pex tO CAKE. VOLE fies <n oir. scoters 2s lap otsis ss rahe s ae csee 487
Index to reviewers, volume 71. dotfill 510

Disposition of manuscripts received for volumes 70 and 71. ..... 512”

Volume 72, number 1, page 37, line 5 of the Introduction, replace ‘species.”
This’ with ‘species”. This’.

Volume 72, number 1, page 38, line 1, replace “Replaced synonym” with
“REPLACED SYNONYM”.

Volume 72, number 1, page 38, line 28, replace “LECTOTYPE [here” with
“LECTOTYPE NOV. [here”.

Volume 72, number 2, cover, L.E. MCKINNEY is the second author for the

paper entitled “A nomenclatural change in Vola (Violaceae)

Volume 72, number 2, page 99, line 3 of abstract, replace “(= Coreopsis
scopulorum)” with “(= Coreopsis scopulorum Sherff)”.

Volume 72, number 2, page 99, line 5 of abstract, replace “(= Coreopsis
morotonensis)” with “(= Coreopsis morotonensts Sherff)”.

Volume 72, number 2, page 99, line 6 of abstract, replace “(= Coreopsis
odora)” with “(= Coreopsis odora Sherff)”.

Volume 72, number 2, page 99, line 7 of abstract, replace “(= Bidens pau-
percula var. filirostris)” with “(= Bidens paupercula Sherff var. filtrostris

P. Taylor)”.
Volume 73, number 1, page 50, replace “Sphagnum” with “Sphagnum.”

Volume 73, number 3, page 198, see detailed statement on page 463 of volume
73, number 6.

509

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):510-511.

INDEX TO REVIEWERS, VOLUME 73

The editor express his most sincere appreciation to the following individ-
uals. These are persons who have reviewed papers that were submitted for
publication in volume 73 of Phytologia. Without the willingness and diligence
of these reviewers, the task of the editor would be much more difficult, and
the quality of the papers published would be lessened. To each of you, I offer

my most sincere thanks. Michael J. Warnock, Editor.
Baldwin, B.G. Felger, R.
Barneby, R. Funk, V.A.
Barrie, F.R. Grant, J.

Berry, P. Gutknecht, K.
Boufford, D. Hartman, R.
Boyd, S. Holmgren, N.
Breedlove, D. Jacobs, S.
Brothers, L. Jansen, R.
Brown, L.E. Jarvis, C.E.
Brummitt, R.K. Jeffrey, C.
Canne-Hilliker, J. Jones, G.D.
Capels, K. Jury, S.L.

Carter, R. Kartesz, J.

Clark, W.D. Kral, R.
Clements, M.A. Lellinger, D.B.
Cronquist, A. Lievens, A.
Crosby, M. Lonard, R.I.
Crawford, D. de la Luz Arreguin, M.
Dodd III, T. MacRoberts, D.T.
Dorn, B. Martinez, M.
Dressler, R.L. Mason, C.
Dutton, B. Mayfield, M.
Ertter, B. Maze, J.

Escobar, L.A. McDaniel, S.

510

McVaugh, R.
Moore, D.M.
Nesom, G.L.
Nicolson, D.H.
Panero, J.
Peterson, P.
Pinkava, D.J.
Powell, A.M.
Pruski, J.
Raj, N.

Ramamoorthy, T.P.

Reveal, J.L.
Riggins, R.L.
Robinson, H.
Rodriguez, C.
Sanders, A.C.
Schatz, G.E.
Smith, S.

Index to reviewers, volume 73

Solomon, J.
Soule, J.
Spellenberg, R.
Strong, M.
Sundell, E.
Terrell, E.E.
Thorne, R.F.
Todzia, C.A.
Townsend, A.M.
Turner, B.L.
Wallace, B.J.

van der Werff, H.

Wiersma, J.
Wilken, D.
Williams, N.A.
Wipff, J.K.
Wurdack, J.

511

Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):512.

DISPOSITION OF MANUSCRIPTS RECEIVED FOR VOLUMES 72 AND 73

Manuscripts listed below include those received after examination by two or
more reviewers. A note of appreciation to reviewers is found on page 510 with
the list of reviewers. Manuscripts received without review are not considered
for publication until review has been completed.

Manuscripts received: 135

Manuscripts accepted without revision: 8

Manuscripts accepted after revision: 113

Manuscripts returned to authors without publication: 7
Manuscripts currently under revision: 7

Manuscripts currently accepted but not yet published: 5

Papers published: 116

Days elapsed from receipt of manuscript to publication (includes only those
manuscripts selected for publication): mean = 45; range = 22-141

Days elapsed from acceptance for publication to publication of manuscript:
mean = 28; range = 15-51

512

| Canina. Libra

i MMM

3 5185

‘
é
-
-
Py
} ;
7
“ :
» i 7 ~
~
. ‘
. x ~
’ % “ a
Ye
= »
4 ‘ a, te ‘
- .
. \'*
, ¥ ~ yi
La & Lad * 5
ew!
i. .
St
. +
~
7 2
+ x
>
* ow, &
Te ae
) ~_*
we

Information for Authors

Articles from botanical systematics and ecology, including
biographical sketches, critical reviews, and summaries of literature will
be considered for publication in PHYTOLOGIA. Manuscripts may be
submitted either on computer diskette, or as typescript. Diskettes will be
returned to authors after action has been taken on the manuscript.
Diskettes may be 5.25 inches or 3.5 inches and may be written in any
IBM or MacIntosh compatible format. Typescript manuscripts should be
single spaced and will be read into the computer using a page scanner.
The scanner will read standard typewriter fonts but will not read dot
matrix print. Manuscripts submitted in dot matrix print cannot be ac-
cepted. Use underscore (not italics) for scientific names. Corrections
made On typescript manuscripts must be complete and neat as the scan-
ner will not read them otherwise. Language of manuscripts may be either
English or Spanish. Figures will be reduced to fit within limits of text
pages and therefore, should be submitted with an internal scale and have
dimensions proportional to those for text pages. Legends for figures
should be included in figures whenever possible. Each manuscript
should have an abstract and key word list. Specimen citations should be
consistent throughout the manuscript. Serial titles should be cited with
abbreviations used in Botanico Periodicum .Huntianum. References
cited only as part of nomenclaturdl.summaries should not appear in
Literature Cited. Nomenclatural work should include one paragraph per
basionym and must provide proper (as defined by the current /nterna-
tional Code of Botanical Nomenclature) citation of sources of epithets
and combinations.

Authors should arrange for two workers in the appropriate field to
review the manuscript before submission. Copies of reviews should be
forwarded to the editor with the manuscript. Manuscripts will not be
published without review.

Cost of publication is currently $13.00 US per page for publication
without reprints. Publication with 100 reprints is provided for $18.00 US
per page, 200 reprints for $21.50 US per page. Page charges are due with
manuscript and no paper will be published before payment is received in
full. Reprints must be ordered and paid for in advance. Page charges will
be determined on the basis of a typescript page (single spaced, 10 points,
blank line between paragraphs) with all type inside a rectangle 143 mm
(horizontal) by 219 mm (vertical), not including running head and page
number. Title page should include title, author(s) name(s), and
address(es). Two blank lines should appear above and below section
headings (Abstract, Discussion, Literature Cited, etc.) in the manuscript.
No extra charge is made for line drawings provided they conform to
limitations of size and proportion for normal text. Halftones require an
extra charge of $10.00 US per page.