PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical and ecological publication YEA Vol. 78 May 1995 7 No. 5 CONTENTS Sat MEAGHER, W.L., Flora of El Jardin Botanico, El Charco del Ingenio, San Miguel de Allende, Guanapiato: MERICG a4) Asin adcn once feet sanueey as 317 Pan BENITEZ de ROJAS, C. & M. MARTINEZ, Larnax hunzikeriana (Solanaceae: Solanoideae). Una nueva especie y la primera mencién del género para ec a ard vod be eee oa LMR as ui A Lo AUT Ss aOR aie oir IOS trina astneh arity cette See FR Pe 353 BABU, G.J., K.C. NAIDU, V. PUSHPALATHA, & V. ARUNA, Tree flora of Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh, India... 0.22.5... c6e2 oc oe. 357 _ DE LA LUZ ARREGUIN-SANCHEZ, A., R. PALACIOS-CHAVEZ, & D.L. QUIROZ-GARCIA, Morfologia de los granos de polen de la familia mubiaceae-del Valle de: México. 228 sy eda Psp he ies Fas coe kee ape 361 ~ KING, R.M. & H. ROBINSON, Additions to the genus Crossothamnus from Colombia and Ecuador (Alomiinae: Eupatorieae: Asteraceae)... ..381 _~ ROBINSON, H., New combinations and new species in American Vernonieae (Asteraceae) asap d's Pha ook REGEN S Ted os esa Ni cok Gn Ube enc EL 384 " aesteabe B.L., A new species of Flaveria (Asteraceae, Helenieae) from Oaxaca, MEROGLi cee Ne Me es Ce ee re ce 400 - MACROBERTS, B.R. & M.H. MACROBERTS, Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Vasconcellos & Franco (Lycopodiaceae) new to Texas. .........2... 2200200 402 Paviolosia «Meémoits” available c. y2i2 7 cook, iw ss cantante Miaslees 404 OCT 2 4 1995 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Published by Michael J. Warnock 185 Westridge Drive Huntsville, Texas 77340 U.S.A. PHYTOLOGIA is printed on acid free paper. PHYTOLOGIA (ISSN 00319430) is published’ monthly with two volumes per year by Michael J. Warnock, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340. Second Class postage paid at Huntsville, TX. © 1995 by PHYTOLOGIA. | Annual ‘domestic individual ~ subscription (12 issues): $40.00, Annual domestic institutional subscription (12 © issues); $44.00. Foreign and/or airmail postage extra. Single copy sales: current issue and back issues volume 72 to present: $4.00; back issues (previous to epee 72): $3.00; add $.75 per copy postage and handling US [$1.50 per copy foreign]}). Bac issue sales by volume: $17.00 per volume 42-71 (not all available as aioe volumes); $21.00 per volume 72-present; ‘add $3.00 per volume postage US ($6.00 per © volume foreign). _POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Phytologia, ‘aap Wesuines e Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340-8916. S Phytologia (May 1995) 78(S):317-352. FLORA OF EL JARDIN BOTANICO, EL CHARCO DEL INGENIO SAN MIGUEL DE ALLENDE, GUANAJUATO, MEXICO Walter L. Meagher Box 1088, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies ABSTRACT The flora of El Jardin Botanico, El Charco de Ingenio (Guanajuato, México) is summarized. Analysis of the flora includes breakdowns by largest families, largest genera, growth form, and weedy tendencies. Bnief descriptions are included of the various habitats available. KEY WORDS: floristics, Guanajuato, México INTRODUCTION This study is a flonstic inventory and analysis of selected aspects of the vegetation in E] Jardin Botanico, El Charco del Ingenio (hereafter, “El Charco”), Cante, A.C., San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, México (hereafter, “San Miguel”), carried out between 1991 and 1993. Within divisions (Lycopodiophyta, Polypodiophyta, and Magnoliophyta), plants are listed alphabetically by family, and, within families, alphabetically by genus and taxon. Family names are used according to the /nternational Code of Botanical Nomenclature as reported in Family Names in Current Use for Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi (Hoogland 1993). Author citations follow the practice of Flora Novo-Galiciana (McVaugh 1992); but in all cases not covered by a volume in that series, recourse has been made to Listado Floristico Preliminar del Estado de Querétaro (Argiielles et al. 1991); except in the case of pteridophytes, when we follow the practice of Listado Preliminar de Especies Pteridofitas de los Estados de Guanajuato, Michoacan, y Querétaro (Diaz Barmga & Palacios-Rios 1992). In cases of conflicting usage, I have followed the advice of Dr. Jerzy Rzedowski. The floristic inventory of 272 taxa of vascular plants is based on field surveys of the flora, and on collections made in 1991 and 1992 by Charles Glass, and in 1993 by Rocio Hernandez and Walter L. Meagher. In most cases, determinations were made by Dr. J. Rzedowski. Mounted and labeled voucher specimens have been deposited with the Herbanum of Cante, A.C., Mesones 71, San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato 37700, México. a7 318 PHYTOLOGIA _ .. volume 78(5):317-352 May 1995 SITE OF THE STUDY El Charco is privately owned by the non-profit ecological organization, Cante, A.C. There are three divisions of the property. North of the Arroyo del Obraje is the Ecological Reserve, extending to 52 ha (128 acres). On this land -- high, exposed, and south-facing -- few collections were made, except near the nm of the canyon. The area within the fence on the south side of the Presa de Las Colonias, including the garden proper, an area in which cacti from other parts of México are being grown, Is 12 ha (30 acres). West of the western gate is an area extending to 2.4 ha (5.9 acres). In addition, there is a narrow strip of land between the base of the canyon wall and the arroyo on its south side. The altitude of El Charco at the highest point on the mesa 1s 1,950 m; at the deepest point in the canyon, 1,895 m. Coordinates are Lat. 20° 51’ and Long. 100° 49”. VEGETATION IN OVERVIEW Located within the Mesa Central, the more moist southern half of the Mexican Plateau, the vegetation of El Charco is pmncipally savanna, that is, grasslands interspersed with low, often thorny trees in a semi-arid environment. The whole of El Charco, with the exception of the watery habitats and those associated with the shade of the canyon, conforms to the temperate vegetation type semi-and grassland (short grass with scattered shrubs and cacti) as described by West & Augelli (1989). In an area of E] Charco extending along the shore of the presa and west to the principal pathway, the low thorny shrub Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera Ortega is dominant; in other grassy and shrubby areas, principally from the southernmost plantings of Echinocactus grusonii Hildm. north to the canyon nm and along its border, this shrub is infrequent to absent, and is replaced by the dominarce in the understory of the non-native grass, Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb. Asteraceae dominate the shrub story, high, medium, and low, in the area west of the western gate. CLIMATE The climate of San Miguel, without sudden changes in wind, cloud, temperature, or precipitation, is dry (Koeppen's BSh), with moderately hot, wet summers and fresh, warm,.dry winters. In both winter and summer, the pattern of days is unvarying for long periods. From October, there is little or no precipitation until] May. Cool evenings, cold nights, and cold early mornings are followed by warm and sunny days. With summer rains, a new pattern is established: days start with clear skies, then clouds gather, and showers fall by mid- to late afternoon. Dayume temperatures are cooler than in winter, and the mountain roads are impassable. Meagher: Flora of El Charco B19 REGIONAL LANDFORMS San Miguel, a landscape of sierras and mesas, belongs to a subprovince of The Central Plateau Morphotectonic Province (Ferrusquia-Villafranca 1993). The city and its environs lie on the northern margin of a larger region known as the Bajio. Characterized by wide flat basins, distant and occasional hills or solitary and long- degraded volcanic cones, isolated low mountains not rising much above 2,500 m h, the area is drained by the Rfo Lerma and its tributaries, of which the Rio Laja, passing by San Miguel, is one. In central areas of the Bajfo, there is deep dark soil supporting a nich and prosperous agriculture (Rzedowski 1987). LOCAL LANDFORMS Landforms in the vicinity of E] Charco include the narrow valley of the Rio Laja; crumpled piedmont rising westward from the river towards the Sierra de Guanajuato; and most prominently the Los Picachos Mountains, an ancient volcanic formation, rising to 750 m above El Charco; a nm of low-elevation rhyolitic mesas with which El Charco is identical in form and continues north from it, and on which the Ecological Reserve is sited; and old lake beds east of El Charco with drainage into the Presa de las Colonias along the southern shore, where much of the inner space of the gardens is situated. GEOLOGY The mesa upon which El Charco is sited is formed of hard rock of volcanic ongin, principally andesite and rhyolite, with outcrops of breccia. Successive eruptions (in the mid-Tertiary Period, about 35 million years BP) over long penods of time, constructed the mesa and adjoining canyon. Visible matenal forming the canyon, 1s estimated to be 50 m deep at the maximum. The canyon, less than | km long and approximately 50 m deep at the mouth, is widest at the mouth, then narrows markedly for most of its course. It makes abrupt turns before ending at its most shallow point, just east of the pool for which it has been named. While most rock in El Charco is igneous, there is a narrow cormdor near the canyon edge on the south side where kaolin has coated breccia, evidence of hydrothermal activity having occurred later than the volcanic and tectonic forces that largely shaped the landscape. Breccia outcrops al sites above and to the east of the appearance of the seam of kaolin are sparsely vegetated, but among the successful colonizers in this region is Selaginella lepidophylla Spring. SOILS Soils on the mesa of El Charco are thin and rocky. The rocks are hard and slow to decompose to their mineral elements. Patches of humus build up in protected sites at the base of thorny shrubs and trees, in the coves of rocks at the nm of the canyon, in 320 PHYTOLOGIA .. volume 78(5):317-352 May 1995 cracks and fissures in large boulders, and in the watery habitats associated with the flowing muds of the arroyo. WOODY TAXA A total of 82 taxa of woody plants, from low shrubs to tall trees, were recorded in E] Charco, over the penod September 1991 to December 1993. Of these, ten are arborescent cacti, and three are shrubby representatives from the same family. Of the rest, nine are trees and five are treelets; 68 are shrubs (including tall, medium, and low), 21 of which are members of the Asteraceae. Rankings, based on field notes, are as follows. CACTI: (1) arborescent (taller than 3 m); (2) shrubby (from 1-3 m tall). TREES: (1) very tall (taller than 6 m); (2) medium tall (3-6 m tall). TREELETS: (taller than 2 m). SHRUBS: (1) tall (taller than 2 m); (2) medium (1-2 m tall); (3) low (0.5-1.0 m tall). CACTI The aim of this section is to rank woody taxa by size in order to display the stratification of vascular plants in the upper stories of the vegetation of El Charco. Cacti, therefore, are included (Gibson & Nobel 1986), but excluded are Ferocactus, Mammillaria, and Stenocactus. Of the arborescent cacti, Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart.) Cons. is the most abundant, not on the overgrazed grasslands, but on the slopes, falling away from the mesa, facing south, north, and west. It is also found on the nm of the canyon, on canyon ledges, in matorral, and by the edge of the presa. Its abundance and distinctive form make it an attractive and emblematic feature of the landscape. Of other tall cacti, two are present in E] Charco, but are rare: Nyctocereus serpentinus (Lag. & Rodr.) Bnitt. & Rose and Stenocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Buxb. Arborescent opuntias include Opuntia durangensis Britt. & Rose, O. fuliginosa Gniff., O. incarnadilla Griff., O. leucotricha DC., O. pachona Griff., O. streptacantha Lem., and O. tomentosa Salm-Dyck. More common than the arborescent taxa are the shrubby species: O. imbricata (Haw.) DC. and O. robusta Wendl. var. robusta. Opuntia imbricata is dominant in certain localities. Less common is O. st2nopetala Engelm. TREES The tall trees, in particular those taller than 10 m in height, are rare, and occur singly, mostly along the arroyo and in the shadiest parts of the canyon. The tallest is Salix bonplandiana H.B.K. Less tall trees include mesquite, armed huizaches, and cacti both arborescent and shrubby. These are plentiful, and form the most noticeable component of the vegetation of El Charco. Schinus molle L., which grows in wet as well as dry sites, achieves a height second to Salix bonplandiana. Meagher: Flora of El Charco 321 tet ce a sf = Gulf of Mexico REPUBLIC OF MEXICO San Miguel de Allende Pacific Ocean Figure 1. Map showing the location of San Miguel de Allende. 7 May 1995 volume 78(5):3 17-352 PHY POLOGTA EL CHARCO DEL INGENIO Habitats and Microhabitats A - Jardin Botanico, 12ha eS ee ee SR See lee “ale B - Cholla Parkland, 2.4ha , C - Ecological Reserve, 52ha : : ZZ _ ®O VAp,, as) Z t Ww Dj (tH Presa de\ OoVl® po ® % 22 Gate i © @ , Le; Pras ae iy —Y ig 3 Y et Se lena ® a poe las Colonies 7g ! Peet et aa : ® To the town center of San Miguel de Allende Cholla Parkland Pastizal 1 Matorral Xerofilo 2. 3. Pastizal 4 5 Matorral Xerofilo Canyon Mouth North Rim 0. Canyon Bottom Kaolin Cave Salvia Field a Onno = 25S S55 Boundary of land belonging to Cante Figure 2. Map of Jardin Botdnico, El Charco del Ingenio, showing the location of the principal habitats and microhabitats. Meagher: Flora of El Charco 323 pe Paved a [af ~ ete ea i ee A | Fam Oa Gc ade ll a, i el i i als bg | Se ee aL acne eS NR eee 2 Ee ln [ab ll tL Lh lbeied eal ey fea Meeks aE | Da tee ele elo ota eal ED [i ai ea a TaN, aim Ll tl Leela a es el” NS Pl hl i et | ee oe Fe Oe EG Sr doa a ll le E M A M J J A S O Ne DB MESES FIGURE 3: MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES In this figure, average values for monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, reported from Estaci6n San Miguel Allende, Number 93 at Long. 100° 45’ W; Lat. 20° 55’ N, and Alt. 1,950 m, are plotted. In the topmost line of the graph, the highest maximum temperature, reached in May, is only 7.3° C greater than the highest minimum temperature, reached in June, shown in the line beneath. In the coldest months, the average minimum temperature is just above 8° C. While there is more wind, fog, dew, and colder temperatures in El] Charco, which lies above the station from which these data have been reported, no one of these factors is limiting of plant growth independently of the long dry period of winter and the general scarcity of water in the matorral xer6filo. 324 PHY T0120 GIA: volume 78(5):3 17-352 May 1995 7 Se oe oe. oi = LAs eee - E7pE reese 2 ; = a a4 ae ee nea sae Seeoe a > fA 3 A 2 isis oO et | me ll a a BEES SE EEE REC Eh Aa FO Ae Fo a a a CP He ee ee ale ee A I fo Saree SCOP CRG mnmmMmmccl.. Sebo eaeue ce deccicem 2 ie aes! eee ee Pe sc Wa a Le Zo 1 De, Boe eee ee nla A oe ae An Tee tre Dae rier rear sa Fe eC il al a fs STS Se 8 8 a a i a eS 8 A i Re Ss Oe i a Shee yal a a ON a a al a IT Bee Ga i a a ll | 2.) } See eae ea eeialeles! | oe Fe 5 a | 2) 2) SSnR aan esr sea pei Eo Sd ee si PN Sad] sos aa = Se aL es Rf Sal a a aa iE je MESES FIGURE 4: MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PRECIPITATION Average annual precipitation, as reported from Estacién San Miguel Allende, is 512 mm. Average annual monthly distnbution of precipitation, based on data cojlected from 1976 to 1986, is plotted on this figure. It would be interesting to plot the phenology of the principal woody species of El Charco; many species flower in early- to mid-Apnil, just before the steepest nse in precipitation, which then occurs when fruit is setting. While moisture deficiency is the principal characteristic of the Mexican dry climates, nevertheless, the semi-and zone receives twice the rainfall of the desert, a factor surely accounting for the high count in this inventory of herbaceous flora including herbaceous ephemerals. 325 Flora of El Charco Meagher: OOJIXAW 40 SAONIAOYd DINOLOALOHdYOW nesje|d jesjuaeg Figure 5. Map of the morphotectonic provinces of México. PHY LT OLOG iA 326 Q a, \" SAR VW \e B as irae \ ci f N Nq Y ~~ . N) Ho KN NY ON : % Uy CSG : IY W7beae ANY ES IK NASA ee S7eaN & ) Pie EX CX i Zens t; Figure 6. Drawing of Acacia schaffneri. E25 a >a Z vo WSS ao ies Tels volume 78(5):3 17-352 hh WS 7) ( \B F AY 1) YS May 1995 \ WY ~-<¥ , NZ \ —s pe ok ) LEN iS pat Vy ARE -£ * Ree INE AS, 4 if \ 4 itiere (= te BS YY Fi US 4] as Ag | Meagher: Flora of El Charco 327 LARGEST FAMILIES a ia SPECIES ASTERACEAE CACTACEAE FABACEAE POACEAE sf * Families with 7 species are SCROPHULARIACEAE and SOLANACEAE ** Families with 6 species are ADIANTACEAE, CONVOLVULACEAE, MALVACEAE and VERBENACEAE Figure 7. Graphical representation of number of species in families with greatest representation at El Charco. 328 PHY TOLOGIA >= volume 78(S):317-352 May 1995 Of the medium tall trees (taller than 3 m), three members of the Fabaceae are widely distnbuted in the dry grassy landscape - Prosopis laevigata (Willd.) M.C. Johnst., which in E] Charco rarely is taller than 4 m, Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., and A. schaffneri (S. Wats.) F.J. Hermann. Less frequent in dry open places, but nevertheless represented in almost every habitat of E] Charco, is the unarmed Schinus molle. For the rest, members of this category are represented by taxa much less numerous, in a few cases by only one or two trees, Morus celtidifolia H.B.K.., Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsheim, and Carya illinoinensis (Wangenl.) K. Koch, or, at best, a few trees, Phoebe arsenei C.K. Allen, Salix bonplandiana, all characteristically sited in partial or deep shade. One specimen of Erythrina coralloides Mog. & Sessé, with nine 4 m high trunks arising from one base, was located on the east-facing side of a large outcrop of rock on the northern slope of the canyon, outside the area of our survey. TREELETS Bursera fagaroides (H.B.K.) Engl. var. fagaroides is the most abundant of the treelets. It rarely exceeds 2 m h, is not common on the mesa, but stands in coves of vegetation just below the nm or just at the mm of the canyon, facing north; but on the northern slope of the canyon, facing south, Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides is abundant if not dominant, reaching greater heights than on the south side. Other treelet taxa are very infrequent in E] Charco, but abundant in other localities: Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg., Nicotiana glauca Graham, Ptelea trifoliata L., and Senna polyantha (Colladon) Irwin & Barneby. SHRUBS Tall shrubs attain heights often greater than 2 m. Some, such as Moentanoa tomentosa Cerv., reach 2 m in most of its sites. Most abundant of the tall shrubs are Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav6n) Pers., Buddleia cordata H.B.K., Forestiera durangensis Standl., and Montanoa tomentosa. Less common are Bouvardia tei:1ifolia (Cav.) Schult., Brickellia secundiflora (Lag.) A. Gray, Calliandra grandiflora (L’ Her.) Benth., Citharexylum lycioides D. Don, Eupatorium sp., and Iresine cassiniaeformis Schau. Shrubs of medium height, 1-2 m, make up the most taxon-nich category of woody taxa in El] Charco. Field observations have not been made for Baccharis multiflora H.B.K., Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult., and Eupatorium collinum DC. Most abundant in this category, in the matorral xer6filo, is Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera. In the same habitat, and elsewhere, Acacia farnesiana occurs as a shrub, and is common, as are Ageratum corymbosum Zuccagni, Dalea bicolor H. & B. ex Willd., Desmodium sp., Loeselia mexicana (Lam.) Brand, Stevia serrata Cav. var. serrata, Trixis mexicana Lex., Verbesina serrata Cav., and Zaluzania augusta (Lag.) Sch.-Bip. Less frequent are Abutilon simulans Rose, Anisacanthus quadrifidus (Vahl) Standl., Croton adspersus Benth., Eupatorium pycnocephalum Less., Lantana camara L., Mimosa monancistra Benth., Montanoa leucantha (Lag.) S.F. Blake var. Meagher: Flora of El Charco 329 arborescens, Pisoniella arborescens (Lag. & Rodr.) Standl., Ricinus communis L., Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.K., and Trixis mexicana var. auriculata C. Anderson. Of shrubs commonly as low as 10-15 cm, but rising to 1 m, there occur both a taxon more abundant than any other shrubby plant in El Charco, Jatropha dioica Sessé ex Cerv., and one more rare, Euletras pringlei Greenm. Common on open ground, and enduring both sun and goats are Asclepias linaria Cay. and Piqueria trinervia Cav. Other taxa common in this class include Brickellia veronicifolia (H.B.K.) A. Gray, Castilleja tenuiflora Benth., and Dalea lutea (Cav.) Willd. Localized in_ their ~ occurrence, like Eutetras pringlei, are Eupatorium espinosarum A. Gray and Prunus microphylla (H.B.K.) Hemsl. HABITATS AND MICROHABITATS Habitats mainly semi-and include matorral xerofilo and grassland. Of each of these there are mixed versions, for instance, grassy hillslopes with (mainly) unarmed shrubs, and, on the other hand, grassy areas dotted with armed woody leguminous species. Microhabitats, sites of topographical features different from the more widespread areas of habitat, include canyon rims, cave faces, spaces beneath the mms from which boulders have fallen away (coves), and canyon walls with their fissures and ledges. In striking contrast are wet places, including ephemeral pools, areas of seepage from below the dam, muds of the arroyo bank from below the dam, floodplain terraces, and the wet margin of land touching the waters of the presa. Shade is another element enhancing the diversity of habitats. There are portions of the north-facing side of the canyon where, in the late autumn and winter months, the sun never penetrates. In the following sections, these habitats are considered: (1) matorral xer6filo, (2) Salvia field, (3) kaolin cave, (4) cholla parkland, (5) pastizal, (6) canyon microhabitats, and (7) wet places. Three of these sites, 3, 6, and 7, are much smaller than the others. For the rest, matorral xerdfilo is 4.5 ha, Salvia field, plus pastizal, is 4.5 ha, and cholla parkland is 1.24 ha. MATORRAL XEROFILO In El Charco, matorral xerofilo is a mixture of grasses, short trees, cacti, and shrubs. It has two forms: one is degraded, the other is renascent. In the degraded form, which is prevalent outside of the fenced area to the south and west, the land has long fed cattle and goats, and the herbage is tightly grazed. The shrub form of Acacia farnesiana is more common than the tree form. The land has an aspect of paucity, if not poverty. But within the fenced part of El Charco, there is a portion of land protected from grazing, sloping from the east-west path to the edge of the waters of the presa, that is an example of the tendency of matorral xerdfilo to become “dense, impenetrable thicket composed of stiff or thomy shrubs or dwarf trees,” when ungrazed (Tomaselli 1992). Here, what strikes the eye is not the height of the woody taxa, but the density of the vegetation in the story of 1-2 mh. Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera is dominant in the low-medium shrub story, with heights commonly ranging between 65 and 85 cm. Taller than the average 330 PHY TOLOGIA ~~ yolume 78(5):3 17-352 May 1995 Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera, by at least 0.5 m, and ranging to over 2 m h, are Citharexylum lycioides, Dalea bicolor, Desmodium sp., Forestiera durangensis, Opuntia imbricata, juvenile Prosopis laevigata, and Zaluzania augusta. At about the same height as Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera are: Brickellia veronicifolia, Jatropha dioica, and Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don. Marking the summit of vegetation in the matorral, at 3-4 m h, are: Acacia farnesiana, A. schaffneri, Myrtillocactus geometrizans, Prosopis laevigata, and, by the water's edge, Schinus molle. These are the woody taxa characteristic of most places in El Charco. In the herbaceous strata, Rhynchelytrum repens, a non-native grass, is dominant. Locally plentiful, in openings among the shrubs, and often sheltered at their base, are: Amaranthus hybridus L., Gomphrena decumbens Jacq., Ipomoea longifolia Benth., /. pubescens Lam., Menitzelia hispida Willd., Sanvitalia procumbens Lam., Tagetes lunulata Ortega, and Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. Less commonly occurring are: Bouvardia sp., Drymaria xerophylla A. Gray, Euphorbia sp., Lamourouxia rhinanthifolia H.B.K., Oxalis sp., O. corniculata L., Salvia hirsuta Jacq., and Solanum sp. The matorral xerdfilo is open to herbivory by the velador's horse. Well-worn paths press through the thicket, which in many places is no longer impenetrable. Vegetation to the east, towards the site of the conservatory, is not a thicket so much as an untended pasture. Grass is plentiful; tall shrubs are scarce; the distance between taxa of 1.0-1.5 mh is greater; and Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera is no \onger dominant. Proportionately, there are more individuals of Acacia schaffneri and of Desmodium sp. There is a large patch of the small shrub (0.5 m h), Prunus microphylla. Isolated patches of the suffrutescent taxa - Asclepias linaria and Piqueria frinervia are common. Herbaceous plants are less plentiful; those that are found usually are in the shade of a bush, such as Drymaria xerophylla, Heterosperma pinnatum Cav., Oxalis corniculata, Salvia hirsuta, Stevia micrantha Lag., and Verbena carolina L. SALVIA FIELD “Salvia Field” is the steepest slope of land above the canyon rim, a grassy field in which unarmed shrubs are dominant. Familiar cact’ include: Myrtillocactus geometrizans, Opuntia imbricata, and O. robusta, but these are few. In the story of tall bushes, there are a few Forestiera durangensis, but the principal shrubs, all of medium height, are Brickellia veronicifolia, Castilleja tenuiflora, Dalea bicolor, Loeselia mexicana, Salvia polystachya Ortega (very abundant), and Stevia serrata. When these taxa are in bloom, which they are all together in early autumn, the color is glorious. By November, Salvia and Stevia are gone. Zaluzania augusta is infrequent in this site, but walking east into an area of greater shade, there is an explosion of taller shrubs, reaching 2 m, mostly Z. augusta and Montanoa tomentosa. Below the shrub story, grasses dominate the hillslope. At the level of procumbent species, Dichondra argentea H. & B. is plentiful. With such abundance of Salvia in this stand, one is reminded that there may be as many as 300 species in the genus Salvia in México, a diversity greater than that for any other genus in the nation (Ramamoorthy & Elliott 1993). Meagher: Flora of El Charco 331 KAOLIN CAVE Along the path mmming the canyon just above the pool - El Charco - that once must have been a precious resource to Otomi inhabitants of the region, is a site of soft weathered whitened stone, undercutting the volcanic breccia above. The white material is kaolinite, a derivative of limestone, formed by hydrothermic activity, and coating the much harder volcanic rock. Plants at this site (23 m long x 5 m wide) are neither endemics nor calciphytes, - and are found in other parts of El Charco. Many are weedy. Buddleia cordatia is successful here as well as in the canyon below. Species collected: Abutilon simulans (“planta escasa y vulnerable a la extincidn en el area de esta Flora” [Fryxell 1993]), Acalypha sp., Amaranthus hybridus, Aster sp., Baccharis salicifolia , Bidens sp., Bouchea prismatica (L.) Kuntze, Bromus sp., Buddleia cordata, Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Desmodium sp., Euphorbia heterophylla L., Florestina pedata (Cav.) Cass., Forestiera durangensis, Galium mexicanum H.B.K., Gnaphalium sp., Ipomoea pubescens, Lantana camara, Loeselia mexicana, Mentzelia hispida, Montanoa tomentosa, Oxalis corniculata, Rhynchelytrum repens, Salvia polystachya, Schinus molle, Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv., Solanum nigrescens Mart. & Gal., Sphaeralcea angustifolia, Taraxacum officinale Wiggers, Tetramerium nervosum Nees, Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L., Viguiera linearis (Cav.) Hemsl., Zaluzania augusta, and Zinnia peruviana. CHOLLA PARKLAND Opuntia imbricata, conspicuously colonial in occurrence in and lands, is no less so in E] Charco, where it dominates the tall shrub story of the landscape outside the western gates of El Jardin Botdnico to the eastern edge of the mesa. The common name of Opuntia imbricata in the Mesa Central is card6n, but in many parts of the Chihuahuan Desert region it is known as cholla. In one 10 x 10 m area, a sample was made of the height of eight plants of Opuntia imbricata. They formed two classes: (1) Tall: 52 cm, 55 cm, 34 cm, 84 cm, 70 cm, 55 cm, (2) Medium: 15cm, 15 cm. North of Plaza del Pirul, Opuntia imbricata maintains its dominance, but there is a greater proportion of taller individuals in the population sampled: (1) Tall: 95 cm, 115 cm, 140 cm, 145 cm, (2) Medium: 50 cm. Acacia farnesiana, Myrtillocactus geometrizans, Opuntia subg. Platyopuntia spp. (“platyopuntias”), Prosopis laevigata, and Schinus molle all reach a greater height than O. imbricata, but none is so abundant. Schinus molle reaches the greatest height; but the tallest tree in El] Charco is a willow growing along the arroyo in the depths of the canyon. Myrtillocactus geometrizans, while never so abundant as Opuntia imbricata on the mesa, is much more abundant on the slopes that fall away from the mesa in three directions. Sharing sub-dominance with Opuntia imbricata are: juvenile Acacia farnesiana, juvenile Schinus molle, and Zaluzania augusta. While conspicuous, “platyopuntias” are not so numerous as to be classified as sub-dominant. Nor is Montanoa tomentosa, which grows to 2 m, and is frequently associated with Myrtillocactus geometrizans on the western edge of the mesa. Trees and shrubs in the landscapes of and and semi-and lands are often closely surrounded by a vegetation composed of small and medium-tall annuals, and 332 PHYTOLOGIA © volume 78(5):317-352 May 1995 suffrutescent perennials (Magurran 1988). The armament of Opuntia imbricata as well as of other woody taxa has induced the establishment of island rings of vegetation. Defended against mammalian herbivory, these sites afford additionally a vanety of benefits to the associated vegetation, including a portion of shade each day, the dripping of dew, other sources of extra moisture, soil ennched by inputs of organic matter, a safe lodgement for wind-blown seeds, and protected sites for seed germination. Medium-tall shrubs Ageratum corymbosum, Ambrosia cordifolia (A. Gray) Payne, Brickellia veronicifolia, and Viguiera linearis are common throughout the area, and of these only Ageratum grows commonly within the protection of Opuntia imbricata, Viguiera linearis is most abundant in the section north of Plaza del Pirul, and is dominant in that story. Nearest neighbors in one plot of 11, Viguiera linearis had heights of 53, 75, 80, 83, 95, 105, 114, 60, 95, 60, and 33 cm. Generally shorter than medium-tall shrubs is Jatropha dioica dominant in its stratum. Jatropha dioica both nests with Opuntia imbricata and stands alone, becoming a site for development of vegetational islands. Composition of islands varies. Prosopis laevigata at 1.3 m his associated with Zaluzania augusta at 1.5 mh. Nearby, Opuntia robusta, Prosopis laevigata, and Zaluzania augusta are joined in association. Throughout the area, Acacia schaffneri is the center of many island associations. Common beneficiary of all three preserves is Rhynchelytrum repens. Tagetes lunulata and Zinnia peruviana compose a stratum intermediate between Rhynchelytrum repens and the lower levels of the herbaceous story. These taxa are plentiful and beautiful, growing in open spaces, on the edge of paths, and within the protection of shrub and tree islands. Herbaceous taxa half the size of Tagetes and Zinnia, such as Galinsoga paiviflora Cav. and Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt., are plants that rarely grow outside the vicinity of shrub and tree islands in the Cholla Parkland. One stand of Opuntia imbricata included the herbaceous plants: Cuphea wrightii A. Gray (12.5 cm), Euphorbia dentata Michx. (15.5 cm), Galinsoga parviflora (26 cm), Heterosperma pinnatum (16.5 cm), ’Melampodium longifolium B.L. Rob. (8 cm), Sanvitalia procumbens (4 cm), and Tridax coronopifolia (H.B.K.) Hemsl. (8.3 cm). In the Cholla Parkland, Gomphrena decumbens and Sanvitalia procumbens occupy the trampled, grazed, dry, and open sunny spaces between Opuntia imbricata, as well as the roadway and its edges. Distinctive of the northemmost part of this section of EJ Charco is the population of Ferocactus latispinus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose where in one portion of the area 5 x 5 m were counted 30 plants on 25 October 1993, of which 35% were then in flower. A portion of this site, including sixteen Ferocactus latispinus plants, was burnt by fire in the third week of December, 1993. PASTIZAL In land adjoining Cholla Parkland, facing north on slopes that rise to the main pathway through El Charco, the dominant taxon is Rhynchelytrum repens, which both by density of cover and coloration (loosely branched rosy-red panicles) characterizes this part of El Charco. This grass is in some spaces crowded with, and in others only dotted with, the woody taxa Acacia farnesiana, Myrtillocactus geometrizans, Opuntia imbricata, and Schinus molle; and in both these areas Desmodium sp., Jatropha dioica, Meagher: Flora of El Charco 333 Loeselia mexicana, Montanoa tomentosa, and Viguiera linearis make up the shrub story. THE CANYON Habitat components of the canyon are: (1) the north-facing wall; (2) the nm of the _canyon on the south side; (3) the canyon bottom shaded by the north-facing wall; (4) wet and sunny places along the arroyo-side at the mouth of the canyon; and (5) the south-facing aspect of the canyon rim on the north side. The North-Facing Wall The wall of the canyon is nearly vertical in most places, but plants take root wherever the solid wall is fractured in cracks and fissures, or where ledges have formed. Taxa on the canyon wall are of two kinds: (1) those that are common in other habitats in E] Charco, and these include Bouvardia ternifolia, Brickellia veronicifolia, Cheilanthes myriophylla Desv., Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) Rich., Montanoa tomentosa, Myrtillocactus geometrizans, Opuntia sp., O. imbricata, Rhynchelytrum repens, Schinus molle, Sedum ebracteatum Mog. & Sessé, Tagetes lunulata, and Tillandsia recurvata, and (2) taxa restncted to sites on the canyon wall, including Fuletras pringlei, Ferocactus histrix (DC.) Linds., and Phlebodium areolanun (Willd.) J. Smith. Canyon Rim (South Side) Where boulders have fallen away from just below the summit of the canyon wall, coves have formed, affording added space for vegetation. Commonly abundant in these sites are Ageratum corymbosum, Bouvardia ternifolia, Brickellia veronicifolia, Castilleja tenuiflora, Eupatorium espinosarum, Gnaphalium sp., Loeselia mexicana, Montanoa tomentosa, Stevia serrata var. serrata, Trixis mexicana var. mexicana, and T. mexicana var. auriculata. Less common are Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides, young Myrtillocactus geometrizans, and Opuntia imbricata. Sparse elsewhere in El] Charco, but charactenstic of the nm on the south-side, is Eupatorium espinosarum. Wide flat rocks are exposed near the rim, providing surfaces for populations of lichens. These alternate in varying preponderances of species, from rock to rock. Typical are red-orange, chartreuse, and dull blue-green lichens. Facing north, below the lip of boulders off the Canyon Edge Walk, are Dichondra argentea, Drymaria laxiflora Benth., Galium mexicanum, and Selaginella lepidophylla. Canyon Bottom Shaded for nearly all hours of the day, but more in winter than in summer, the canyon bottom, between the south side of the arroyo and the canyon wall, is habitat for a variety of trees, tall and low shrubs, lianas, many of which cannot generally be seen outside this habitat, and low herbs. Trees: Fraxinus uhdei, Morus celtidifolia, 334 PHYTOLOGIA “ volime 78(5):317-352 May 1995 Phoebe arsenei, Salix bonplandiana, and Schinus molle; Shrubs: Anisacanthus quadrifidus, Leonotis nepetifolia, and Trixis mexicana var. auriculata, Luianas: Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch., Tall Herbs: Conyza sophiifolia H.B.K., and Pericalia sessilifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb., Low Herbs: Piqueria trinervia, Stevia micrantha, and S. ovata Willd. Side of the Arroyo at the Mouth of the Canyon This is a wet and sunny site. Abundant are: Baccharis salicifolia, Cyperus virens Michx., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Schinus molle, and Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze. South-Facing Rim of the North Side of the Canyon Brickellia secundiflora, Dichondra argentea, Eupatorium pycnocephalum, Sedum sp., S. ebracteatum, and, away from the nm and inland by some meters, Verbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray. WET PLACES Between the cortina and the largest pool in the canyon are a series of wet places, or water-modified environments, including: (1) areas of seepage below the cortina, (2) ephemeral pools, 3) moist muds, (4) a floodplain occurring in two tiers (A and B) above the muds, (5) crevices in rocks of the stream bed, and (6) an island 14.80 m long by widths varying as follows, at over 2 m intervals: 1.10 m, 1.70 m, 2.80 m, 1.10 m, 1.60 m, and 1.00 m. Areas of Seepage Seepage is greatest on the north side of the arroyo. Mimulus glabratus H.B.K. occurs there, and nowhere else in E] Charco. Particularly abundant is Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pavoén. Ephemeral Pools Gaura coccinea Pursh, Ludwigia peploides (H.B.K.) Raven (with the roots of these plants extending out of the water and over the bare and dry rocks adjoining the pools), Marsilea mollis B.L. Rob. & Fernald (also especially abundant late in the season all around the shore of the island), and Peperomia campylotropa Hill are all common in the pools. Meagher: Flora of El Charco 335 Moist Muds Cyperus niger, Eleocharis montevidensis Bnitt., Eriochloa acuminata (Presl) Kunth, Polygonum lapathifolium, P. mexicanum Small, Rumex crispus L. Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze var. virgata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell., and Tagetes lunulata grow, often luxuriantly, in the muds. Floodplain A Species of the floodplain nearest the arroyo: Melampodium glabrum | S. Wats., of which Dr: J. Rzedowski says, “It is practically endemic to the Bajio area’ "(Reedowski & Rzedowski 1979, 1985), and Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas. Floodplain B Species of the floodplain farthest from the arroyo: Acacia schaffneri, Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl., Cyclanthera dissecta (Torrey & A. Gray) Arn., Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér., Euphorbia graminea Jacq., Euphorbia heterophylla, Psittacanthus calyculatus DC., and Schinus molle. Rock Crevices Here one finds Cyperus esculentus L., Ipomoea painteri House, and Toxicodendron radicans. Island Vegetation This small island, 6 x 2 m, is densely covered in grass (and is tightly grazed by late autumn). In addition, there are Baccharis salicifolia, Cyperus sp., C. virens, Eleocharis macrostachya Britt., Helenium mexicanum H.B.K., Melilotus officinalis, and juvenile Salix bonplandiana (about 3 m h). Lake-Side Separate from the microhabitats descnbed above is the edge of the presa extending from the cortina east to the limit of El] Charco, within the fenced perimeter. Here the matorral xer6filo abuts on the world of water. Wet place species growing on the lake edge include Baccharis salicifolia, Cyperus virens, Polygonum lapathifolium, P. mexicanum, and in restricted sites: Eleocharis macrostachya, Ludwigia peploides, Marsilea mollis, and Melampodium glabrum. 336 PHY TOLGOGIFA. ;> volunte 78(S):317-352 May 1995 ASPECTS OF DIVERSITY DIVERSITY While rarity is important, Magurran (1988) has shown that diversity is the most frequently adopted standard by which areas are judged. The data of this study, presented without comparison to species-richness or habitat diversity in similar sites elsewhere in the Mesa Central, may itself serve as a basis for future comparisons, including as a measure of change and stability in habitat and species diversity in El Charco. Table 1. Summary of the Vascular Flora Co Family | Genera ape Lycopodiophyta & Polypodiophyta_ | 4] (5%)] 5] _[_10] [Dicotyledonae_ CSCS, (855%) | 167 | (96%) | 241 21 a esr 2. Totaly so. p.184 | While pteridophytes are rare in grasslands, and thom and desert scrubs in México (Riba 1993), they are well-represented (with three families and nine species) in the varied, but principally xeric, habitats of El Charco. FAMILIES WITH THE GREATEST NUMBER OF SPECIES The four richest families compnse 46% of all the species. Of these four, the numenical ascendancy of the Asteraceae, with 50% more species than the next nchest family, is preponderant. With regard only to species-richness, El Charco is a landscape of Asteraceae in association with cacti, grass, and legumes. For the rest, 27 families are represented by one species each. They are: Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Buddleiaceae, Burseraceae, Campanulaceae, Capparaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Geraniaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Loasaceae, Loranthaceae, Malpighiaceae, Marsileaceae, Martyniaceae, Moraceae, Papaveraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Piperaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polypodiaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Salicaceae, Selaginellaceae, and Vitaceae. Whereas Asteraceae is the most taxon-rich family, dominance in cover is achieved by Poaceae. There is no microhabitat in E] Charco that does not find the presence of Rhynchelytrum repens, a non-native invasive grass, and no other species is so numerous. Quite mghtly, one may call EJ Charco a grassland first and foremost, and Meagher: Flora of E] Charco 337 secondarily a vegetation of woody taxa in which Asteraceae, Cactaceae, and Fabaceae are co-dominant. Table 2. Table of Some Biological Forms WOODY PLANTS fee Beet es ei het teresee | Number-of Species | pemeecetecactt Lane ee ee et OS 2 aa a eee, ST eee SE er) es tee Of all plants surveyed, % that are woody, ae including cacti SZ HERBACEOUS PLANTS Herbaceous plants excluding succulents listed below 169 Of all plants surveyed, % that are herbaceous 62 SUCCULENT PLANTS ~Y a>] | oa ortulacaceae Of all plants surveyed, % that are succulent* *Excluding plants that are fleshy without being resistant to long-term drought. 338 PHYTOLOGIA_ © volume 78(5):317-352 May 1995 SPECIES-RICH GENERA Of 184 genera of vascular plants represented in the survey, only eight genera have four or more species. Opuntia, the most species-nch genus, has seventeen; of the next richest, three genera Cyperus, Cheilanthes, and Mammillaria have six, six, and five species respectively. Table 3. Species -rich genera at El] Charco. | Chetan thes eae | a eb. Dale Table 4. Sites of species-rich genera at El Charco. Full Sun Xeric Much Shade | Hydric Some Shade Cheilanthes Le a a ae ae es ED ETE RES SS Se PETES SS (Sains) a ee i (aa a es adem WDigyaiania Evil irleteX etbiet [beams - Uered Wade Atala CSI ae ey See Sere EGET TE CI aa ee [ee are CE ESET en Eas See Ea ey *This genus has one species in xeric sites; all others in hydric sites. Meagher: Flora of El Charco 339 RARITY OF CACTI In all strata, cact’ are abundant, none more so than cespitose species. Of these, Stenocactus sp. are the most abundant; but in respect of species-richness, Mammillaria are more abundant in the strata of cespitose cact than any other genus. But not all Mammillaria are equally abundant; indeed in E] Charco more species are rare than common. Table 5. Rarity of cacti in El Charco varied by genus. Stenocereus + Stenocactus aS ee Table 6. Rarity in the genus Mammillaria at El Charco. Species Rare Common iad tn i M. zephyranthoides LOW AND PROSTRATE TAXA Ground-hugging plants, least-tall of all strata of herbaceous plant life in El Charco, includes species prominent on grazed grassy sites, such as Gomphrena decumbens, 340 PHY1LOLOGTA- volume 78(5):3 17-352 May 1995 Ipomoea longifolia, and Sanvitalia procumbens; and species of wet sites, such as Ludwigia peploides and Mimulus glabratus. Common in open sites, at the margin of tree and shrub islands, and on edges of pathways, are Bacopa procumbens (Mill.) Greenm., Dalea prostrata Ortega, Euphorbia indivisa (Engelm.) Tidestr., Guilleminea densa (Willd.) Mog., Pectis prostrata Cav., and Zornia thymifolia H.B.K. STATE RECORD Based on Listado Preliminar de Especies Pteridofitas de los Estados de Guanajuato, Michoacan, y Querétaro (Diaz Barnga & Palacios-Rios 1992), the collection of Phlebodium areolatum in El Charco is a new state record. Also new to the state of Guanajuato is Sphaeralcea hastulata A. Gray, a species which was not included in the fascicle on the Malvaceae family in the Flora del Bajio y de Regiones Adyacentes (Fryxell 1993). TRIBES OF FABACEAE Taxa of Fabaceae are well-represented in all strata of the vegetation of El Charco. Representation by tribes shows the dominance of Mimosoideae in the tree story and of Papilionoideae in the herbaceous layer. Table 7. Abundances of the tribes of Fabaceae in El Charco. Tribe IGaesalpinicideae a] | oe [Mimosoidead 7 |" a0" [4 a ee Papilionoideae P71 3 ee EE rs ee ee TRIBES OF ASTERACEAE According to Turner & Nesom (1993), México, one of the centers of diversity for | the family, is estimated to contain over 2,700 species of Asteraceae. Distnbution of species among tribes in our survey supports the view that “the tribes Heliantheae and | Eupatoneae are especially well developed in Mexico.” Sixty-one species are | distnbuted as follows: Meagher: Flora of El Charco 34] Table 8. Tribal distribution of species Asteraceae found at El Charco. WEEDY TAXA In El Charco some 20% of the flora is weedy. Considering the use of the land, this proportion will increase. Favorable weed sites include new construction, pathways and their edges, plazas and their supporting walls, ditches, and fence rows. Asteraceae have the highest representation of weedy taxa, including Bidens odorata Cav., B. pilosa L., Conyza sophiifolia, Florestina pedata, Galinsoga parviflora, Heterosperma pinnatum, Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners, Melampodium sericeum Lag., Parthenium bipinnatifidum (Ortega) Rollins, Pectis prostrata, Piqueria trinervia, Sanvitalia procumbens, Simsia amplexicaulis (Cav.) Pers., Sonchus oleraceus L., Tagetes lunulata, Tithonia tubiformis (Jacq.) Cass., Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Spreng., Xanthium strumarium L., and Zinnia peruviana. Weedy Poaceae include Brachiaria meziana Hitche., Chloris virgata Sw., Echinochloa sp., Rhynchelytrum repens, and Setaria geniculata. Of the Brassicaceae, 100% of the species are weedy: Eruca sativa Miller, Lepidium virginicum L., and Pennellia longifolia (Benth.) Rollins. Of the Solanaceae: Datura stramonium L., Nicotiana glauca, Solanum dulcamaroides Dunal, S. nigrescens, and S. elaeagnifolium Cav. Six families are represented by two weedy taxa each: Amaranthaceae, with Amaranthus hybridus and Gomphrena decumbens, Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbia indivisa and Ricinus communis, Fabaceae, Crotalaria pumila Ortega and Melilotus officinalis; Malvaceae, Sida abutifolia Mill. and Sphaeralcea angustifolia, Polygonaceae, Polygonum lapathifolium and Rumex crispus; 342 PHYTOLOGIA | volume 78(5):317-352 May 1995 and Verbenaceae, Bouchea prismatica var. brevirostra Kuntze and Verbena bipinnatifida. Five families (Convolvulaceae, Martyniaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Oxalidaceae, and Papaveraceae) contnbute one species each: Argemone ochroleuca Sweet, Evolvulus alsinoides L., Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM., Oxalis corniculata, Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. subsp. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting. Table 9. Weedy taxa found at El Charco. Family Number of | Number Total herbaceous of herbaceous species woody | and woody species species Brassicaceae | Fabacede ft 2 0 2 eee CHECKLIST OF VASCULAR FLORA OF EL JARDIN BOTANICO, EL CHARCO DEL INGENIO DECEMBER 1993 LY COPODIOPHY TA SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella lepidophylla Spring. POLY PODIOPHY TA ADIANTACEAE Cheilanthes beitelii Mickel Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willd.) Proctor Cheilanthes incana (Presl) Mickel & Beitel Cheilanthes lendigera (Cav.) Sw. ne = not collected; nn = not native Meagher: Flora of E] Charco ADIANTACEAE (cont.) Cheilanthes myriophylla Desv. Cheilanthes sinuata (Sw.) Domin Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link MARSILEACEAE Marsilea mollis B.L. Rob. & Fernald POLY PODIACEAE Phlebodium areolatum (Willd.) J. Smith ANGIOSPERMAE Dicotyledonae ACANTHACEAE Anisacanthus quadrifidus (Vahl) Standl. Dicliptera peduncularis Nees Dyschoriste sp. Justicia furcata Jacq. Tetramerium nervosum Nees AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus hybridus L. Gomphrena decumbens Jacq. Guilleminea densa (Willd.) Moq. Tresine cassiniaeformis Schau. ANACARDIACEAE Schinus molle L. nn Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ne APOCYNACEAE Mandevilla foliosa (Muell. Arg.) Hemstl. ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias linaria Cav. Gonobolus uniflorus H.B.K. ASTERACEAE Ageratum corymbosum Zuccagni Ambrosia cordifolia (A. Gray) Payne Aster subulatus Michx. Baccharis multiflora H.B.K. Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav6én) Pers. Bahia schaffneri S. Wats. Bidens angustissima H.B.K. Bidens ferulifolia (Jacq.) DC. Bidens odorata Cav. 343 344 PHY. TOLGGTA volume 78(5):3 17-352 ASTERACEAE (cont.) Bidens pilosa L. Brickellia secundiflora (Lag.) A. Gray Brickellia veronicifolia (H.B.K.) A. Gray Conyza sophiifolia H.B.K. Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitche. Dyssodia porophylla (Cav.) Cav. var. cancellata (Cass.) Strother Eupatorium collinum DC. Eupatorium espinosarum A. Gray var. espinosarum Eupatorium pycnocephalum Less. Eupatorium sp. Eutetras pringlei Greenm. Florestina pedata (Cav.) Cass. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Gnaphalium arizonicum A. Gray Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng.) Less. Helenium mexicanum H.B.K. Heterosperma pinnatum Cav. Heterotheca inuloides Cass. Heliopsis annua Hemsl. Machaeranthera gymnocephala (DC.) Shinners Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners Melampodium glabrum S. Wats. Melampodium longifolium B.L. Rob. Melampodium sericeum Lag. Montanoa leucantha (Lag.) S.F. Blake subsp. arborescens (DC.) V.A. Funk Montanoa tomentosa Cerv. Parthenium bipinnatifidum (Ortega) Rollins Pectis prostrata Cav. Pericalia sessilifolia (Hook. & Am.) Rydb. Pinaropappus roseus (Less.) Less. Piqueria trinervia Cav. Sanvitalia procumbens Lam. Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze var. virgata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell. Simsia amplexicaulis (Cav.) Pers. Sonchus oleraceus L. Stevia micrantha Lag. Stevia ovata Willd. Stevia serrata Cav. var. serrata Tagetes lunulata Ortega Taraxacum officinale Wiggers Tithonia tubiformis (Jacq.) Cass. Tridax coronipifolia (H.B.K.) Hemsl. Tridax palmeri A. Gray Trixis mexicana Lex. var. auriculata C. Anderson Trixis mexicana Lex. var. mexicana Verbesina serrata Cav. Verbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray var. sphaerocephala Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Spreng. var. canescens (Cav.) Spreng. May 1995 Meagher: Flora of El Charco 345 ASTERACEAE (cont.) Viguiera linearis (Cav.) Hemsl. Xanthium strumarium L. Zaluzania augusta (Lag.) Sch.-Bip. Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. BIGNONIACEAE Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.K. BRASSICACEAE Eruca sativa Miller nn Lepidium virginicum L. Pennellia longifolia (Benth.) Rollins BUDDLEIACEAE Buddleia cordata H.B.K. BURSERACEAE Bursera fagaroides (H.B.K.) Engl. var. fagaroides CACTACEAE Coryphantha elephantidens Lem. nc Echinocactus grusonii Hildm. nn Ferocactus histrix (DC.) Linds. ne Ferocactus latispinus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose ne Mammillaria magnimamma Haworth. ne Mammillaria rettigiana Boedek nc Mamumillaria uncinata Zucc. nc Mammillaria wildii Dietr. ne Mammillaria zephyranthoides Scheidw. ne Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart.) Cons. ne Nyctocereus serpentinus (Lag. & Rodr.) Bntt. & Rose ne Opuntia amarilla Gniff. Opuntia cochinera Griff. Opuntia durangensis Bnitt. & Rose Opuntia fuliginosa Gnff. Opuntia hyptiacantha Weber Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. Opuntia incarnadilla Gniff. Opuntia joconostle Weber Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiffer Opuntia leucotricha DC. Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. var. cuija (Griff. & Hare) Benson Opuntia matudae Scheinvar Opuntia pachona Gniff. Opuntia robusta Wendl. Opuniia stenopetala Engelm. Opuniia streptacantha Lem. Opuntia tomentosa Salm-Dyck Stenocactus sp. nc Stenocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Buxb. nc 346 PHY TOROIG TA volume 78(5):3 17-352 May 1995 CAMPANULACEAE Lobelia fenestralis Cav. CAPPARACEAE Polanisia uniglandulosa (Cav.) DC. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Drymaria arenarioides Willd. Drymaria laxiflora Benth. Drymaria xerophylla A. Gray Drymaria sp. CONVOLVULACEAE Dichondra argentea H. & B. Evolvulus alsinoides L. Ipomoea longifolia Benth. Ipomoea painteri House Ipomoea pubescens Lam. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth CRASSULACEAE Sedum ebracteatum Mog. & Sessé Sedum sp. Sedum sp. Villadia parviflora Rose CUCURBITACEAE Cyclanthera dissecta (Torrey & A. Gray) Am. EUPHORBIACEAE Croton adspersus Benth. Euphorbia dentata Michx. Euphorbia graminea Jacq. Euphorbia heterophylla L. Euphorbia indivisa (Engelm.) Tidestr. Euphorbia maculata L. Jatropha dioica Sessé ex Cerv. Ricinus communis L. Tragia nepetifolia Cav. FABACEAE Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Acacia schaffneri (S. Wats) F.J. Hermann Calliandra grandiflora (L’Hér.) Benth. Crotalaria pumila Ortega Dalea bicolor H. & B. ex Willd. var. bicolor Meagher: Flora of El Charco 347 FABACEAE (cont.) Dalea lutea (Cav.) Willd. Dalea prostrata Ortega Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg. Galactia brachystachys Benth. Indigofera miniata Ortega Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ortega) A. Delgado Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas nn Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera Ortega Mimosa monancistra Benth. Prosopis laevigata (Willd.) M.C. Johnst. Senna polyantha (Colladon) Irwin & Bameby Zornia thymifolia H.B.K. GERANIACEAE Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. nn JUGLANDACEAE Carya illinoinensis (Wangenl.) K. Koch LAMIACEAE Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) Rich. nn Salvia hirsuta Jacq. Salvia nana H.B.K. Salvia polystachya Ortega Salvia reflexa Homem. LAURACEAE Phoebe arsenei C.K. Allen LOASACEAE Mentzelia hispida Willd Mentzelia hirsuta Willd. LORANTHACEAE Psittacanthus calyculatus DC. LYTHRACEAE Cuphea wrightii A. Gray Heimia salicifolia (H.B.K.) Link MALPIGHIACEAE Gaudichaudia cynanchoides H.B.K. MALVACEAE Abutilon simulans Rose Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke 348 PHY TLOeO'Gi PA volume 78(5):3 17-352 MALVACEAE (cont.) Sida abutifolia Mill. Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don Sphaeralcea hastulata A. Gray MARTYNIACEAE Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. spp. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting MORACEAE Morus celtidifolia H.B.K. NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia coccinea Mill. Mirabilis jalapa L. Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. Pisoniella arborescens (Lag. & Rodr.) Standl. OLEACEAE Forestiera durangensis Standl. Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsheim ONAGRACEAE Gaura coccinea Pursh Ludwigia peploides (H.B.K.) Raven Oenothera rosea L’ Her. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalis decaphylla H.B.K. Oxalis lunulata Zucc. PAPAVERACEAE Argemone ochroleuca Sweet PHYTOLACCACEAE Phytolacca icosandra L. PIPERACEAE Peperomia campylotropa Hill POLEMONIACEAE Loeselia mexicana (Lam.) Brand POLY GONACEAE Polygonum lapathifolium L. Polygonum mexicanum Small Rumex crispus L. nn May 1995 Meagher: Flora of El Charco PORTULACACEAE Portulaca sp. Talinopsis frutescens A. Gray Talinum napiforme DC. Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. ROSACEAE Prunus microphylla (H.B.K.) Hemsl. RUBIACEAE Borreria verticillata (L.) Meyer Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schult. Galium mexicanum H.B.K. RUTACEAE Ptelea trifoliata L. SALICACEAE Salix bonplandiana H.B.K. SAPINDACEAE Cardiospermum halicacabum L. SCROPHULARIACEAE Bacopa procumbens (Mill.) Greenm. Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. Lamourouxia rhinanthifolia H.B.K. Maurandya barclaiana Lindl. Mimulus glabratus H.B.K. SOLANACEAE Datura stramonium L. Nicotiana glauca Graham nn Nicotiana tabacum L. nn Solanum dulcamaroides Dunal Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Solanum nigrescens Mart. & Gal. Solanum rostratum Dunal VERBENACEAE Bouchea prismatica (L.) Kuntze var. brevirostra Kuntze Citharexylum lycioides D. Don Lantana camara L. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Priva grandiflora (Ortega) Moldenke Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. - Verbena carolina L. VITACEAE Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. 349 350 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(5):3 17-352 Monocotyledonae BROMELIACEAE Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. COMMELINACEAE Commelina dianthifolia DC. Commelina erecta L. Thrysanthemum macrophyllum (Greenm.) Rohw. Tradescantia crassifolia DC. CYPERACEAE Cyperus calderoniae S. Gonzalez Cyperus esculentus L. Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pavon Cyperus spectabilis Link Cyperus virens Michx. Cyperus sp. Eleocharis macrostachya Britton Eleocharis montevidensis Britton IRIDACEAE Nemastylis tenuis (Herb.) S. Wats. Sisyrinchium tenuifolium H. & B. LILIACEAE Agave filifera Salm-Dyck Agave sp. Echeandia mexicana Cruden Milla biflora Cav. Zephyranthes sp. POACEAE Andropogon sp. Andropogon sp. Bambusa sp. nc Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torrey Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. Bouteloua repens (H.B.K.) Scnb. & Merr. Brachiaria meziana Hitchce. Bromus sp. Chloris virgata Sw. Echinochloa sp. Eriochloa acuminata (Presl) Kunth Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. Muhlenbergia robusta (Foum.) Hitche. May 1995 Meagher: Flora of E] Charco 351 POACEAE (cont.) Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb. nn Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. Setaria grisebachii Four. Tripsacum sp. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My thanks to Cante, A.C., especially Dr. Federico Gama, for accepting my proposal to undertake this study, and for generously making the facilities of Cante available to me. Thanks also to Rocio Hernandez, Director of the Cante Herbanum, who contributed her collections to the work; who gathered data about the climate of the region; and whose devotion to collecting Opuntia has given this paper a rare depth of data on that genus. My very special thanks to Dr. Jerzy Rzedowski who has, from the start, been the scientific patron of this work, patiently reviewing all specimens, providing identifications for most, providing guidance in aspects of the analysis of vegetation, and reviewing the final manuscript. Special thanks go to Leia Scheinvar (UNAM) for identification of Opuntia species, and to Charles Glass who provided an introduction and identification of all other cacti. My thanks to Rouhollah-Shirazi for the collection of rock samples and interpretation of the geology of ET Charco. My thanks also to Ros Campbell for her onginal line drawing of an Acacia schaffneri. For thoughtful consideration of questions about the character of the flomstic province to which San Miguel belongs, my thanks are given to William Anderson, Karl Butzer, William Doolittle, and Rogers McVaugh. Special thanks go to William Doolittle, Billie Turner, and Chnstiane Anderson for critical reading of the final manuscript. Special thanks are due to Wendy Meagher. Her skill as an editor was kindly donated to the perfecting of this work, as well as to the preparation of its maps. LITERATURE CITED Argiilles, E., et al. 1991. Listado Floristico Preliminar del Estado de Querétaro. Flora del Bajio y de Regiones Adyacentes. Fasc. complementano II. Instituto de Ecologia A.C., Patzcuaro, Michoacan. Diaz Barnga, H. & M. Palacios-Rios. 1992. Listado Preliminar de Especies de Pteridofitas de los Estados de Guanajuato, Michoacan, y Querétaro. Flora del Bajio y de Regiones Adyacentes. Fasc. complementani III. Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Patzcuaro, Michoacan. Ferrusquia-Villafranca, I. 1993. Geology of Mexico: A synopsis. Jn: Ramamoorthy, T.P., et al. (eds.). Biological Diversity of Mexico: Origins and Distribution. Oxford University Press, New York, New York. pp. 3-107. Fryxell, P.A. 1993. Familia Malvaceae. Flora del Bajio y de Regiones Adyacentes. Fasc. 16. Instituto de Ecologia A.C., Patzcuaro, Michoacan. s52 PHY DOLPOGIA volume 78(5):3 17-352 May 1995 Gibson, A.C. & P.S. Nobel. 1986. The Cactus Primer. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts. 352 pp. Hoogland, R.D. 1993. Family Names in Current Use for Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi. Int. Assoc. Plant Tax. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany. 95 pp. Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 179 pp. McVaugh, R. 1992. Gymnosperms and ptendophytes. Jn: Anderson, W.R. (ed.). Flora Novo-Galiciana. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. v. 17. Ramamoorthy, T.P. & M. Elliott. 1993. Mexican Lamiaceae: Diversity, cistribution, endemism, and evolution. Jn: Ramamoorthy, T.P. ef al. (eds.). Biological Diversity of Mexico: Origins and Distribution. Oxford University Press, New York, New York. pp. 513-539. Riba, R. 1993. Mexican pteridophytes: Distnbution and endemism. Jn: Ramamoorthy, T.P. ef al. (eds.). Biological Diversity of Mexico: Origins and Distribution. Oxford University Press, New York, New York. pp. 379-395. Rzedowski, J. & G.C. Rzedowski (eds.). 1979. Flora Fanerogdmica del Valle de México. CECSA, México, D.F., México. v. 1. Rzedowski, J. & G.C. Rzedowski (eds.). 1985. Flora Fanerogamica del Valle de México. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas e Instituto de Ecologia A.C., México, D.F., México. v. 2. Rzedowski, J. & G.C. Rzedowski (eds.). 1987. El bosque tropical caducifolio de la region mexicana del Bajfo. Trace. CEMCA, México, D.F., México. 12:12-21. Tomaselli, R. 1977. The degradation of the Mediterranean maquis. Ambio. Swedish Journal. 6(6):356-362. Turner, B.L. & G.L. Nesom. 1993. Biogeography, diversity, and endangered or threatened status of Mexican Asteraceae. Jn: Ramamoorthy, T.P. ef al. (eds.). Biological Diversity of Mexico: Origins and Distribution. Oxtord University Press, New York, New York. pp. 559-575. West, R.C. & J.P. Augelli. 1989. Middle America: Its Lands and Peoples. 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood-Cliffs, New Jersey. 560 pp. Phytologia (May 1995) 78(5):353-356. LARNAX HUNZIKERIANA (SOLANACEAE: SOLANOIDEAE). UNA NUEVA ESPECIE Y LA PRIMERA MENCION DEL GENERO PARA VENEZUELA Carmen Benitez de Rojas Instituto de Botanica A grfcola, Facultad Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, VENEZUELA Mahinda Martinez Escuela de Biologia, Universidad Aut6noma de Querétaro, Querétaro MEXICO RESUMEN Larnax hunzikeriana (Solanaceae) se describe de selvas primarias entre 600 y 1000 m de elevacién, en La Buenafia, al suroeste de San Cristébal - Estado Tdchira, Venezuela. Larnax es un género de los tr6picos andinos que consta de siete especies incluyendo la nueva que aquf se describe. El género no se conocia para Venezuela, siendo ésta su primera mencién. Se describe la especie con su respectiva ilustraci6n. PALABRAS CLAVE: Larnax, Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Venezuela ABSTRACT Larnax hunzikeriana (Solanaceae) is described as new and illustrated. It occurs in primary forest, at 600-1000 m of altitude, in La Buenafia, southwest of San Cnistébal - Tachira State, Venezuela. Larnax is a genus of the Andean tropics with seven species, including the new one described herein. The species is the first record of the genus for Venezuela. KEY WORDS: Larnax, Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Venezuela Larnax hunzikeriana Benitez et M. Martinez, spec. nov. (Figures 1 A- G). TIPO: VENEZUELA. Tachira: La Buenafia, selva pnmana, 600-1000 m alt., 19-III- 1981, R. Liesner y A. Gonzdlez 10803 (HOLOTIPO: VEN). Suffrutex. Folia magna anguste-elliptica ad apicem acuta; folia minora late- ovata. Calyx pubescens pilis simplicibus, grosse obtuseque 5-dentatus. Corolla glabra lobis anguste-ellipticis, apice subcucullatis. | Filamenta staminum in insertione corollae pilosa. 353 354 PHY TOLOGIA volume 78(5):353-356 May 1995 Sufrutice de hasta 2 m alto, ramoso. Hojas membrandceas, geminadas; hojas mayores rémbico-elfpticas, atenuadas en ambos extremos, fuertemente asimétricas, 15-30 cm de longitud y 9-12 cm de ancho, nervadura pnncipal sobresaliente en el envés, venas secundarias impresas en el haz, glabras en ambas caras, en el envés con puntos pelticidos minimos; peciolo 0.7-1.5 cm de longitud. | Hojas menores anchamente ovadas, 3.5-5.5 cm de longitud y 3.3-4.5 cm de anchura, sésiles. Inflorescencias axilares, con 7-15(-30) yemas florales, de las cuales pocas producen frutos, pedicelos 5-6 mm de longitud, escasamente pilosos, pelos simples. Caliz 3.5- 7.0 mm de longitud, 5-dentado de dientes erguidos, gruesos y obtusos, densamente pubescente en su parte externa, con pelos largos y simples. Corola rotacea, blanca o amanilenta, glabra externa e internamente, 15.0-16.5 mm de longitud, tubo 2-4 mm de longitud, limbo 5-lobado, lobos 13 mm de longitud, angostamente elipticos y con el dpice ligeramente cuculado, glabros. Disco conspicuo. Estambres 5, filamentos 1.5- 2.5 mm de longitud, pilosos en la regién de inserci6n en el tubo de la corola, anteras 2.0-2.5 mm de longitud, apiculadas. Ovario 1.5 mm de longitud y | mm de anchura, glabro, estilo 8-10 mm de longitud, porcién estigmdtica ligeramente subtrilobada. -Fruto 10 mm de longitud y 9 mm de anchura, anchamente ovado transversalmente, incluido totalmente en el caliz urceolado. Semillas numerosas, 80-100, con la superficie brillante y reticulada, de 2.0-2.5 mm de longitud y 1.5-2.0 mm de anchura, anchamente ovadas y aplanadas. Epiteto especifico en honor al Profesor Armando T. Hunziker, destacado especialista de la familia Solanaceae. Larnax: género descnito por Miers (1849), esta relacionado con Deprea por sus bayas incluidas en el cdliz acrescente. Larnax, en oposicién a Deprea presenta las corolas rotadceas con el tubo mucho mas corto que los Idbulos. El género fue rehabilitado por A. Hunziker (1977) y hasta hoy se reconocen siete especies, incluida la descnita en este trabajo, que se enlistan a continuacién: 1. Larnax subtriflora (Ruiz et Pavon) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 4:27. 1849. BASIONYM: Physalis subtriflora Ruiz et Pavon, Fl. Per. 2:42. 17°7. Distribucién: Peri. 2. Larnax peruviana (Zahlbr.) Hunz., Kurtziana 10:9. 1977. BASIONYM: Athenaea peruviana Zahlbr., Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 7:7. 1892. Distribucién: Peni. 3. Larnax suffruticosa (Dammer) Hunz., Kurtziana 10:9. 1977. BASIONYM: Iochroma suffruticosa Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. 36:386. 1905. Distnibucién: Ecuador. 4. Larnax hawkesii Hunz., Kurtziana 10:9. 1977. Distnbucién: Colombia. 5. Larnax steyermarkii Hunz, Kurtziana 10:11. 1977. Distribucién: Ecuador. 6. Larnax sachapapa Hunz., Kurtziana 10:13. 1977. Distnbucién: Ecuador. Benitez de Rojas & Martinez: New Larnax from Venezuela 355 Figura 1 A-G, Larnax hunzikeriana Benitez et M. Martinez. A. habito; B. vista _ lateral del cdliz; C. corte longitudinal del caliz (para mostrar disco y el pisulo); D. _ vista externa inferior de la corola; E. corola desplegada; F. vista lateral de la semilla; _ G. corte longitudinal de la semilla. Basada en Liesner y Gonzalez 1803 (VEN). 356 PHY TOL@GGIA volume 78(5):353-356 May 1995 La nueva especie, aparentemente es afin a Larnax peruviana. Se diferencia claramente por sus peciolos mucho mas cortos, los margenes de los |6bulos corolinos completamente glabros y el caliz con dientes gruesos, cortos, y obtusos. AGRADECIMIENTOS A Bruno Manara, quien elaboré la ilustraci6n de la especie y cormgio la diagnosis latina. A Fernando Chiang y Patricia Davila por revisar el manuscnito. BIBLIOGRAFIA Hunziker, A.T. 1977. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VIII. Novedades vanas sobre tribus, géneros, secciones y especies de sud América. Kurtziana 10:8-15. Miers, J. 1849. Contributions to the botany of South Amenca. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2, 4:37. Phytologia (May 1995) 78(5):357-360. TREE FLORA OF KHAMMAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA G. Jaya Babu, K.C. Naidu, V. Pushpalatha, & V. Aruna Department of Botany, Andhra University, Waltair, INDIA ABSTRACT The tree flora of Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh in India is summarized. The deciduous forests of the district possess a diverse array of tree species. KEY WORDS: India, floristics, tree species INTRODUCTION Khammam District in Andhra Pradesh lies between 16° 45’ and 18° 35’ north latitudes and between 79° 47’ and 80° 47’ east longitudes. The district ranks sixth in the state with respect to area, covering 15,921 square kilometers and is very nich in vegetation. Khammam Distnct has deciduous forests and it has not previously been well explored flonstically. A few botanists have initiated work in this region and published their findings (Partridge 1911; Sayeedud-Din 1941; Khan 1953). We also made a humble attempt in this survey, on the wealth of tree species and flonstic components of Khammam Distnct. This type of study has prominence in focusing the available botanical data of that particular area. In addition, it helps in protecting the endangered species of the Khammam District. ENUMERATION OF SPECIES The collected plant maternal was identified with the help of Flora of Madras Presidency, Flora of British India, Flora of Srikakulam District, and also authenticated by the Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. The tree flora of Khammam Distnct is as follows. ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale L.,; Buchanania lanzan Spreng., Lannea coramandelica (Houtt.) Merr.; Mangifera indica L.; Semecarpus anacardium L. S57 358 PHY HOLOGTTA volume 78(5):357-360 May 1995 ANNONACEAE: Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd.; Saccopetalum tomentosum Hook. f & Thoms. APOCYNACEAE: Holarrhena antidysenterica (Roth.) Wall.; Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. ARECACEAE: Borassus flabellifer L.,; Caryota urens L., Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. BIGNONIACEAE: Kigelia pinnata DC.; Millingtonia hortensis L. f.; Oroxylum indicum Vent. BOMBACACEAE: Bombax malabaricum DC.; Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. BURSERACEAE: Boswellia serrata Roxb.; Garuga pinnata Roxb. CAESALPINACEAE: Bauhinia purpurea L.; Bauhinia racemosa Lam.; Cassia fistula L.; Cassia siamea Lam.; Delonix regia Raf.; Hardwickia binata Roxb.; Tamarindus indica L. COMBRETACEAE: Anogeissus acuminata Wall.,; Anogeissus latifolia Wall.; Terminalia arjuna W. & A.; Terminalia bellerica Roxb.; Terminalia catappa L.; Terminalia chebula Retz.; Terminalia tomentosa W. & A. DIPTEROCARPACEAE: Shorea talura Roxb. EBENACEAE: Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.; Diospyros montana Roxb.; Diospyros sylvatica Roxb. EUPHORBIACEAE: Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng.; Cleistanthus collinus (Rox).) Benth.; Cleistanthus patulus (Roxb.) Muell. Arg.; Phyllanthus emblica L. FABACEAE: Butea frondosa Koen.; Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.; Pongamia glabra Vent.; Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. FLACOURTIACEAE: Casearia elliptica Willd. LECYTHIDACEAE: Carea arborea Roxb. LOGANIACEAE: Strychnos nux-vomica L.; Strychnos potatorum L. MALVACEAE: Kydia calycina Roxb.; Thespesia populnea Cav. MELASTOMACEAE: Memecylon umbellatum Burm. MELIACEAE: Azadirachta indica A. Juss.; Melia azadirach L.; Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss. MIMOSACEAE: Acacia arabica Willd.; Acacia leucophloea Willd.; Acacia sundra DC.; Albizzia lebbeck Benth.; Albizzia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth.; Enterolobium samman Prain.; Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.; Xylea xylocarpa (Roxb.) Tanb. Babu, e7 al.: Tree flora of Khammam Distnct 359 MORACEAE: Artocarpus integrifolia L., Ficus bengalensis L.; Ficus religiosa L.; Strebulus aspera Lour. MYRTACEAE: Eucalyptus glabulus Labill.; Psidium guajava L., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. OCHNACEAE: Ochna squarrosa L. RHAMNACEAE: Zyzyphus trinervi Roxb. RUBIACEAE: Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f.; Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Taijam & Binnend.; Gardenia latifolia Aiton, Gardenia resinifera Roth.; Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.; Morinda tinctoria Roxb. RUTACEAE: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa.; Chloraxylon swietenia DC.; Feronia elephantum Corrtea.; Murraya exotica L. SAPINDACEAE: Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.; Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. SAPOTACEAE: Bassia latifolia Roxb.; Mimusops hexandra Roxb. STERCULIACEAE: Sterculia urens Roxb. TILIACEAE: Grewia disperina Rottl.; Grewia flavescens Juss.; Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl. ULMACEAE: Holopetalea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. VERBENACEAE: Tectona grandis L. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are thankful to the Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta for the authentication of species. LITERATURE CITED Gamble, J.S. & C.E.L. Fischer. 1915-1936. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. 3 Vols. London (reprinted in 1957). Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India. Hooker, J.D. 1872-1897. The Flora of British India. 7 Vols. London (reprinted in 1973). Bishen Singh Maheudrapal Singh, Dehra Dun and Periodical Experts, New Delhi, India. Khan, M.S. 1953. ‘Forest Flora of Hyderabad State. Government Press, Hyderabad, India. Partndge, E.A. 1911. Forest Flora of H.E.H. the Nizam’s Dominians, Hyderabad Deccan. A. Venugopal Pillai & Sons, Hyderabad, India. 360 PISINE WOE COMGEHIVA volume 78(5):357-360 May 1995 Sayeedud-Din, M. 1941. Additions to our knowledge of the flowering plants of H.E.H. the Nizam’s Dominians, Hyderabad Deccan. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Seshagin Rao, R. & H.S. Sreeramulu. 1986. Flora of Srikakulam District. The Secretary, Indian Botanical Society, Meerut, India. Phytologia (May 1995) 78(5):361-380. MORFOLOGIA DE LOS GRANOS DE POLEN DE LA FAMILIA RUBIACEAE DEL VALLE DE MEXICO’ Marfa de la Luz Arreguin-Sdnchez ” Rodolfo Palacios-Chavez ” David Leonor Quiroz-Garcfa ” Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolégicas, Departamento de Botanica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Carpio, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, México, D.F. MEXICO RESUMEN Se estudia la morfologia del polen de los siguientes miembros de la familia Rubiaceae del Valle de México: Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb., Borreria verticillata (L.) G.F.W. Meyer, Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) H.B.K., Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult., Bouvardia obovata H.B.K., Bouvardia terniflora (Cav.) Schlitdl., Crusea coccinea DC., C. diversifolia (H.B-K.) Anderson, C. longiflora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Anderson, Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standl., D. floribunda Rzedowski, Galium aschenbornii Schauer, G. mexicanum H.B.K. subsp. mexicanum, G. seatonit Greenm., G. sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster var. mazocarpum (Greenm.) Dempster, G. trifidum L. var. pacificum Wieg., G. uncinulatum DC., Hedyotis cervantesii H.B.K., Relbunium microphyllum (A. Gray) Hemsl., Richardia scabra L., Richardia tricocca Standl. subsp. tetracocca (Mart. & Gal.) Lewis & Oliver, y Sherardia arvensis L. Con base a su morfologfa, se observ6 que es posible distinguir dos grupos polinicos de acuerdo al nimero de aberturas: trcolporados y estefano- colporados. La ornamentacién es variable, y puede ser equinada, per-reticulada, reticulada, y psilada. Se incluye una clave para identificar los taxa por medios palinolégicos. Se relaciona la taxonomia de la familia con los datos palinolégicos y se observa que los resultados encontrados no apoyan muchas de las segregaciones en subfamilias, tribus, y subtribus realizadas por varios autores. Las observaciones se realizaron con el microscopio de luz. PALABRAS CLAVE: morfologia, polen, Rubiaceae, Valle de México ' Proyecto parcialmente subsidiado por la Direccién de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigacién del L.P.N. ? Becarios de COFAA del I.P.N. 361 Arreguin-Sanchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 362 ABSTRACT Pollen grain morphology of the following taxa belonging to the Rubiaceae from the Valley of México is studied: Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb., Borreria verticillata (L.) G.F.W. Meyer, Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) H.B.K., Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult., Bouvardia obovata H.B.K., Bouvardia terniflora (Cav.) Schltdl., Crusea coccinea DC., C. diversifolia (H.B.K.) Anderson, C. longiflora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Anderson, Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standl., D. floribunda Rzedowski, Galium aschenbornii Schauer, G. mexicanum H.B.K. subsp. mexicanum, G. seatonii Greenm., G. sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster var. mazocarpum (Greenm.) Dempster, G. trifidum L. var. pacificum Wieg., G. uncinulatum DC., Hedyotis cervantesii H.B.K., Relbunium microphyllum (A. Gray) Hemsl., Richardia scabra L., Richardia tricocca Standl. subsp. tetracocca (Mart. & Gal.) Lewis & Oliver, y Sherardia arvensis L. Pollen grains can be separated in two groups by the aperture types: tricolporate and stephanocolporate. The ornamentation can be equinate, per- reticulate, reticulate, or psilate. A palynological key for separating some taxa is included. Taxonomic position of taxa, and some possible interpretations and discrepancies based on pollen grain morphology are given. The observations of pollen grains were carried out with light microscopy. KEY WORDS: morphology, pollen, Rubiaceae, Valley of México INTRODUCCION Las Rubiaceae, familia pantropical y subtropical comprende alrededor de 400 géneros y 4800 a S000 especies (Lawrence 1951). En la Reptiblica Mexicana se encuentran 77 géneros indfgenas o endémicos, ocho introducidos (naturalizados 0 cultivados) y aproximadamente 533 especies (Lorerice ee Para el Valle de México se tienen nueve géneros y 23 especies (Rzedows'i 1985). E! presente trabajo forma parte del proyecto flora palinoldgica del Valle de México que Palacios-Chavez et al. (1985) vienen realizando. OBJETIVOS El propésito de este trabajo es dar a conocer la morfologia de los granos de polen de la familia Rubiaceae del Valle de México, poder identficar los diversos taxa por medios palinolégicos y ayudar en la interpretacién taxonémica y evolutiva de los diferentes géneros y especies. 363 PHY TOLOGTA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 ANTECEDENTES La morfologia del polen de las Rubiaceae se ha estudiado por autores como Kapp (1969), quien describe el polen de tres géneros y tres especies de Rubiaceae. Guinet (1962) estudia seis géneros y seis especies de Asia tropical. Erdtman (1966) descnbe muy brevemente el polen de 30 especies y menciona que la familia presenta polen tricolpado a policolpado, 2-4 colpodado o tnporado, de forma peroblata a prolata, con la ornamentaci6én de la exina muy variable. Heusser (1966) estudia ocho géneros y ocho especies de Chile. Gonzdlez-Quintero (1969), estudia cuatro géneros y cinco especies del Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo. Keraudren-Aymoin et al. (1969), estudian la morfologfa del polen de 61 especies de Madagascar y reconocen cinco tipos polfnicos de acuerdo al numero de aberturas que presentan. Huang (1972), describe el polen de 94 especies de Taiwan con breves descripciones y una clave para diferenciar los géneros y separa a las Rubiaceae en cuatro grupos con base a su ornamentacion de los granos de polen. Markgraf & D’Antoni (1978) estudian dos géneros y dos especies de Rubiaceae de Argentina. Lozano-Garcia & Martinez-Herdndez (1990) describen el polen de tres géneros y diez especies arbéreas de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. Arreguin-Sanchez et al. (1991) estudian la morfologia del polen de catorce géneros y 24 especies de Rubiaceae de la Estaci6n de Biologia Chamela, Jalisco, se incluyen descripciones, una clave para diferenciar los taxa por medios palinoldgicos y se relaciona la morfologia polinica con la taxonomia de la familia. Roubik & Moreno (1991) describen e ilustran 37 géneros y 64 especies de Rubiaceae de isla Barro Colorado, Panama, ademas se incluyen claves para separar los diferentes taxa por medios palinolégicos. Palacios-Chavez et al. (1991) descnben la morfologia del polen de diesiocho géneros y 22 especies de Rubiaceae de Sian Ka'An. De los trabajos anteriormente citados, sdlo el polen de Richardia scabra L., Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb., y B. verticillata (L.) G.F.W. Meyer han sido estudiados con antenondad. METODOLOGIA E] polen fue tomado de ejemplares depositados en el Herbano de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolédgicas (ENCB). Las muestras de polen fueron tratadas con la técnica de la acetdlisis de Erdtman (1943), en algunas especies donde el polen es muy pequeno y facilmente se pierde con la acetélisis como en Galiwm seatonii Greenm., G. sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster, y Relbunium microphyllum (A. Gray) Hemsl. este se trat6 con la técnica de Pla Dalmau (1964). Las observaciones se realizaron al microscopio de luz y las descrnipciones se hicieron de acuerdo con Palacios-Chavez et al. (1986). De cada especie se midieron veinte granos de polen y en las descnipciones se incluyen caracteristicas de la vista polar, vista ecuatonal, forma, grosor de la exina, ornamentaci6n asf como numero y tipo de aberturas. En las medidas se incluyen los extremos mfnimos y maximos y dentro del paréntesis la media antmética. De las 23 especies que prosperan en el Valle de México, se estudian 22, no fue posible estudiar el polen de Galium praetermisum Greenm. por no encontrarse ejemplares depositados en herbanios mexicanos. De Bouvardia obovata H.B.K., Crusea coccinea DC., Galium aschenbornii Schauer, Hedyotis cervantesiti H.B.K., y Richardia scabra L. se tomaron muestras florales de ejemplares que no corresponden al Valle de México, por ser muy escasos los que presentan flores en dicho lugar. Arreguin-Sdnchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 364 DESCRIPCIONES PALINOLOGICAS Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb. Pedregal de San Angel, cerca de Tlalpan, D.F., J. Rzedowski 27396. Lam. I, Figuras | a 4. Polen estefanocolpado, semitectado, esferoidal de 32.9(34.6)36.3 x 35.5(36.2)37.2 uw. P/E=0.95. Vista polar circular de 32.9(35.6)38.9 pp de didmetro. Exina de 2 de espesor, sexina y nexina de igual grosor, superficie per-reticulada. Colpos ocho de 4.2(6.0)8.4 w de largo x 1.5(2.5)3.0 de ancho, cubiertos por membranas lisas. Indice del area polar 0.41, media. Borreria verticillata (L.) G.F.W. Meyer. 5S Km al NE de Tepotzotldn, Cerro de la Cruz, Edo. de México, J. Rzedowski 31971]. Lam. I, Figuras 5 a 8. Polen estefanocolpado, semitectado, suboblato de 21.9(25.0)27.9 x 27.0(29.0)30.4 pw. P/E = 0.86. Vista polar circular de 25.3(28.0)29.6 de didmetro. Exina de 3 p de grosor, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, superficie per-reticulada. Colpos 7 u 8 de 3.0(4.5)6.0 y de largo x 1.0(2.0)2.5 p de ancho, cubiertos por membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.60, grande. Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) H.B.K. 2 Km al N de Huixmi, Mpio. de Pachuca, Edo. Hidalgo, R. Galvan 659. Lam. II, Figuras | a 4. Polen tricolporado a tetracolporado, semitectado, esferoidal de 35.5(43.3)46.5 x 33.0(42.7)45.0 wp. P/E= 1.01. Vista polar circular de 43.0(44.0)45.6 de didmetro. Exina de 2 p de grosor, sexina y nexina de igual espesor, superficie per-reticulada. Colpos transversales de 10(11)12 p de largo x 2.5(3.0)3.5 ts de ancho cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.78, muy grande. Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. 7 Km al N de Huehuetoca, sobre la carretera Apaxco, Edo. de México, J. Rzedowski 34377. Lam. II, Figuras 5 a 8. Polen tncolporado, semitectado, esferoidal de 28.7(30.2)31.3. x 28.7(29.9)31.3 uw. P/E= 1.01. Vista polar circular de 27.9(29.4)30.4 p de didmetro. Exina de 2 u de grosor, nexina y sexina de igual espesor, superficie per-reticulada. Colpos transversales de 10.0(10.5)11.8 w de largo x 2.5(3.0)3.5 wt de ancho cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.73, muy grande. Bouvardia obovata H.B.K. 35 Km al S de Tepic, sobre la carretera a Guadalajara, Edo, Nayarit, J. Rzedowski 14313. Lam. III, Figuras 1 a 5. Polen tncolporado, semitectado, esferoidal de 24.5(26.4)28.0 x 22.0(25.0)26.2 u. P/E= 1.05. Vista polar circular de 22.0(24.7)27.0 w de didmetro. Exina de 2 uw de grosor, sexina y nexina de igual espesor, superficie per-reticulada. Colpos transversales de 21.0(22.0)23.5 ts de largo x 2.0(2.5)3.0 de ancho cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del area polar 0.72, muy grande. 365 PRY TOL OIGiIrA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. 7 Km al O de Coyotepec, parte alta de la Sierra de Alcaparrosa, Edo. de México, R. Herndndez 3. Lam. III, Figuras 6 a 9. Polen tricolporado, semitectado, esferoidal de 30.4(31.6)33.0 x 30.4(32.4)33.8 yw. P/E=0.97. Vista polar circular de 32.0(34.8)39.2 ws de didmetro. Exina de 3 w de grosor, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, superficie, per-reticulada. Colpos transversales de 8.4(10.0)17.7 ww de largo x 2(3)4 w de ancho cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del area polar 0.62, grande. Crusea coccinea DC. 40 millas al N de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, C.M. Taylor 2435. Lam. III, Figuras 10 a 12; Lam. IV, Figuras | a 2. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, esferoidal de 61.1(63.7)66.3 x 65.0(66.6)69.0 uw. P/E = 0.95. Vista polar circular de 59.8(62.0)63.7 js de didmetro sin tomar en cuenta las espinas. Exina de 4 yp de grosor, sin considerar espinas, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, superficie equinada, con espinas de 1.5(2.0)2.5 jw de largo por 1.5(1.7)2.0 p de ancho. Colpos 12 a 14 de 9(10)11 w de largo x 2.0(2.5)3.0 uw de ancho cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del area polar 0.53, grande. Crusea diversifolia (H.B.K.) Anderson. 3 Km al W de Magu, Mpio. Tepotzotlan, Edo. México, R. Cruz 1058. Lam. IV, Figuras 3 a 6. Polen estefanocolpado, semitectado, suboblato de 28.0(29.0)30.5 x 33.0(35.0)36.3 pw. P/E = 0.82. Vista polar circular de 33.0(34.8)39.7 yw de didmetro. Exina de 3.3 ps de espesor, nexina y sexina de igual grosor, superficie, per- reticulada. Colpos 12 a 14, cortos de 6(7)8 w de largo por 1.5(2.0)2.5 de ancho cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.31, media. Crusea longiflora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Anderson. 2 Km al N de Huixmi, Mpio. Pachuca, Edo. Hidalgo, R. Galvan 659. Lam. IV, Figuras 7 y 8; Lam. V, Figuras 1 y 2. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, esferoidal de 44.0(48.0)50.7 x 41.4(42.8)44.0 u de didmetro. P/E= 1.12. Vista polar circular de 40.6(44.0)48.5 u sin considerar las espinas. Exina de 4.2 de grosor, sin considerar omamentaciOn, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, tectada, equinada con espinas de 1.0(1.2)1.5 w de largo x 1.0(1.2)1.5 uu de base. Colpos 10 a 12, cortos de 7.5(8.4)9.2 pr de largo por 2.0(2.5)3.0 ja de ancho cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.33, media. Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standl. Santa Ana, Delegacion Milpa Allta, D.F., A. Ventura 3436. Lam. V, Figuras 3 a 6. Polen tncolpado a tetracolpado, semitectado, esferoidal de 20.3(21.4)22.8 x 19.4(20.3)22.0 pw. P/E= 1.05. Vista polar circular de 22.0(24.0)26.2 de didmetro. Exina de 2 w de grosor, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, per-reticulada. Colpos de 16.0(16.5)17.7 ys de largo x 2.0(2.5)3.0 p de ancho cubiertos por membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.70, muy grande. Arreguin-Sanchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 366 Didymaea floribunda Rzedowski. Rancho El Conejo, Delegacién Xochimilco, D.F., A. Ventura 2893. Lam. V, Figuras 7 a 10. Polen estefanocolpado, semitectado, esferoidal de 20.3(22.6)245 x 22.0(22.8)23.6 p. P/E= 0.99. Vista polar circular de 24.5(25.8)27.0 uu de didmetro. Exina de 2 p de grosor, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, per-reticulada. Colpos de 17.0( 17.5) 18.6 w de largo por 2.0(2.5)3.0 js de ancho cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del 4rea polar 0.64, grande. Galium aschenbornii Schauer. San Cayetano, al N de Agua Escondida; 26 Km al NE de Valle de Bravo, Mpio. Villa de Allende, Edo. México, M.E. Maury, V. Serrano, y S. Gallina 18. Lam. VI, Figuras 1 a 4. Polen tricolporado a tetracolporado, semitectado, esferoidal de 34.6(35.4)36.3 x 33.8(36.2)38.0 p. P/E = 0.97. Vista polar circular de 33.0(35.0)36.3 w de didmetro. Exina de 3 p de grosor, sexina de mayor espesor que la nexina, superficie, per- reticulada. Colpos transversales de 10(11)12 de largo por 5(6)7 w de ancho con membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.42, media. Galium mexicanum H.B.K. subsp. mexicanum Cerro Xochitepec, Delegacién Xochimilco, D.F., J. Rzedowski 24238. Lam. VI, Figuras 5 a 8. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, esferoidal de 16.0(17.4)19.4 x 17.0(18.5)20.3 uw. P/E=0.94. Vista polar circular de 17.7(18.8)20.3 de didmetro. Exina de 2 pw de grosor, sexina y nexina de igual espesor, superficie levemente reticulada. Colpos 7 a8 cubiertos por membranas lisas. Indice del area polar 0.46, media. Galium seatonii Greenm. Parte alta del Cerro Xihuingo, Mpio. Tepeapulco, Eco. Hidalgo, J. Rzedowski 31380. Lam. VI, Figuras 9 a 11. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, subprolato de 17.7(18.7)20.3 x 14.0(15.4)16.6 uw. P/E= 1.21. Vista polar circular de 18.6(19.0)20.3 de didmetro. Exina de 2 u de grosor, sexina y nexina de igual espesor, superficie levemente reticulada. Colpos 7 a8 cubiertos por membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.67, grande. Galium sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster var. mazocarpum (Greenm.) Dempster. Puerto de las Cruces, Delegacién Cuajimalpa, D.F., J. Rzedowski 34280. Lain. VII, Figuras | a3. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, esferoidal de 13.5(15.3)17.0 x 12.6(14.3)16.0 uw. P/E= 1.06. Vista polar circular de 11.8(13.2)14.3 p de didmetro. Exina de 1 uw de grosor, sexina y nexina de igual espesor, superficie psilada. Colpos 6, cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del area polar 0.68, grande. Galium trifidum L. var. pacificum Wieg. Alrededores de Cuautitlan, Edo. de México, J. Rzedowski 37839. Lam. VII, Figuras 4 a 7. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, esferoidal de 22.0(22.5)23.6 x 22.0(23.0)24.5 uw. P/E =0.97. Vista polar circular de 23.5(24.7)26.2 de didmetro. Exina de 2 w 367 PHY TOLOGIA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 de grosor, sexina y nexina de igual espesor, superficie escabrosa. Colpos 7 cubiertos con membranas escabrosas. Indice del drea polar 0.30, media. Galium uncinulatum DC. 1 Km al SSE de Real del Monte, Mpio. Real del Monte, Edo. Hidalgo, M. Medina 548. Lam. VII, Figuras 8 a 11. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, esferoidal de 24.5(23.4)27.0 x 24.5(25.6)27.0 pw. P/E=0.91. Vista polar circular de 25.3(25.7)26.2 de didmetro. Exina de 2 p de grosor, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, superficie escabrosa. Colpos 6 cubiertos con membranas escabrosas. Indice del 4rea polar 0.54, grande. Hedyotis cervantesii H.B.K. 17 Km al E de La Junta, desviaciédn a San Juanita, Mpio. Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, P. Tenorio & C. Romero 6552. Lam. VII, Figuras 12 a 15. Polen tricolpado, tectado, esferoidal de 27.9(29.3)31.3 x 26.2(28.8)32.1 uw. P/E = 1.01. Vista polar circular de 28.7(29.5)30.4 pw de didmetro. Exina de 2 p de grosor, sexina y nexina de igual espesor, superficie reticulada’ Poros de 5(6)7 u de didmetro con annulus de 2.0(3.0)3.5 de grosor. Indice del drea polar 0.71, grande. Relbunium microphyllum (A. Gray) Hemsl. 8 Km al SE de Tepetlaoxtoc, Edo. México, J. Rzedowski 37452. Lam. VIII, Figuras 1 a 4. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, esferoidal de 11.0(11.7)12.6 x 10.0(11.0)11.8 uw. P/E= 1.07. Vista polar circular de 10.0(11.5)12.6 pp de didmetro. Exina de 1 pu de grosor, sexina y nexina de igual espesor, tectada, psilada. Colpos 5, cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del drea polar 0.76, muy grande. Richardia scabra L. Puente Nacional, Mpio. Puente Nacional, Edo. Veracruz, F. Ventura 13908. Lém. VIII, Figuras 5 a 8. Polen estefanocolpado, intectado, esférico de 69.3(72.0)73.6 pp de didmetro. P/E = 1.0. Vista polar circular de 77.8(78.8)80.3 de didmetro. Exina de 5 p de grosor, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, superficialmente supra-equinada. Colpos 15 a 17 colpos de 13.0(13.5)14.0 p de largo x 1.5(2.0)2.5 u de ancho con membranas escabrosas. Indice del drea polar 0.59, grande. Richardia tricocca Stand. subsp. tetracocca (Mart. & Gal.) Lewis & Oliver. 1 Km al NE de Tenango del Aire, Mpio. Amecameca, Edo. México, A. Pineda 447. Lam. IX, Figuras 1 a 4. Polen estefanocolpado, intectado, suboblato de 33.0(35.0)37.2 x 41.4(42.4)44.0 pw. P/E =0.82. Vista polar circular de 42.3(46.0)47.3 y de didmetro. Exina de 3 u de grosor, sexina mds gruesa que la nexina, superficialmente supraequinada. Colpos 10 a 12 de 10(11)12 w de largo x 1.0(1.2)2.0 pp de ancho con membranas lisas. Indice del area polar 0.58, grande. Arreguin-Sdnchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 368 CLAVE PARA DIFERENCIAR LOS GENEROS Y ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA RUBIACEAE DEL VALLE DE MEXICO lL. ‘Granos de polen.equinadOs: oo . 225.055 565 0ites . totaal ceeds eae sunsets tne ene 2 2. Polenimenor.a.5> micras de diametro:e cs. -cetsosa--ceeesee eee eee eee 3 3: Colpos‘angostos; menores'de 1.5ipide-anchos:.2 02: 20. Soa eee eee ge Se gearetnbooneee Richardia tricocca subsp. tetracocca Lam. IX, Figuras 1 a4 3. ‘Colpos no'angostos, mayores de Zs deancho. ............- <.=. asp aemeneeeeen Dec ee eS peer cases cares aes Crusea longifolia Lam. IV, Figuras 7 y 8 2.. Polen mayor de 60 micras'de'diamewo..... ....-5 5. ..2c0jec 00545-52002 ee tee eee 4 4. Membranas de los colpos lisas.. Crusea coccinea Lam. Ill, Figuras 10 a 12 4. Mempbranas de los colpos escabrosas. .....200is.0seccn.00.s 00 esn ane eeeeaeeie SA IRENE epee) Meet Bat tes castes Richardia scabra Lam. VIII, Figuras 5a8 l. ‘(Granoside polenper-reticulados 0) pstlados ie. 2)..:<1)-/«:10;ta21 «10+ «oleae aoe ooe-Ee ee de 5 5.. Polen tn COlpOragO 5/22 0/0500 pee aie cine vena nnot ones ap + sone soos - eee ee eee 6 6. Poro’sin annulus:22...2:5..02: Bouvardia longiflora Lam. II, Figuras 1 a4 Mee soi Tag Sesels Senne cee ech eeten Bouvardia multiflora Lam. II, Figuras 5a 8 Me ae ER 8 oe eet sees Bouvardia obovata Lam. III, Figuras 1 a 5 Se nreasiee camera omecem deseo’ Bouvardia ternifolia Lam. III, Figuras 6 a 9 esSeiracestmasleaioat aowlesaatnes Galium aschenbornianum Lam. IV, Figuras 1 a 4 6. Poro con annulus........... Hedyotis cervantesii Lam. VII, Figuras 12 a 15 5.) Polen estefanocol pado. .:%...cccasem steas..seeoceesstncedaasas aac sees deeeee ae ene fh 7. Polenicon'4 ia! 6 COlpOS: « j5 .. eomeine's «a. 532: sis dnasiolncss0is.ge slnen sep < seteen ee eee Uehsleslsbeeasecesmmersuaee Galium uncinatum Lam. VII, Figs. 8a ‘1 10: »Polen)a lo; mas; de, 20pmicras.’.....3..<<:-<4g--c-geane eee seas suctadnus Relbunium microphyllum Lam. VIII, Figuras | a 4 sesanscdoaserastre Galium sphagnophilum Lam. VII, Figuras | a 3 #- Polen'conc7 0 mas Colpos:-..5. 054.05. dears c el docs noes Seeders 11 11. Polen per-reticulado, con Iumenes de mds 0 menos | w.................. aeesenices cob saoacecneuee=cocbses Crusea diversifolia Lam. |V, Figuras 3 a 6 a pacateuetncesaodteones gue ceoveeoseucoes Borreria laevis Lam. |, Figuras 1 a 4 “ph Bia on aeeeSeaca eco coad Ree Borreria verticillata Lam. 1, Figuras 5a8 11. Polen reticulado con lumenes menores de | po bien psilados........ 12 I? ‘Colpos7i xt eckese Galium mexicanum Lam. VI, Figuras 5a 8 12 Colpos, LO ay V2 iter esiette tatsis add Sastre cio osleicpn «alinylel =e Ee 13 13. Polen esferoidal...... Galium trifidum Lam. VII, Figuras 4a 7 13. Polen subprolato... Sherardia arvensis Lam. 1X, Figuras 5a8 369 PHY TOLOGTA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 Lo>) LAMINA I LAMINA I. Borreria laevis: 1. Vista ecuatorial mostrando grosor de la exina. 2. Vista ecuatonial mostrando colpos y ormamentacién. 3. Vista polar mostrando la exina. 4. Vista polar, omamentacién. Borreria verticillata: 5. Vista ecuatorial, eXina. 6. Vista ecuatonial mostrando colpos y omamentaci6n. 7. Vista polar, grosor de laexina. 8. Vista polar, ornamentacion. Arreguin-Sanchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 370 LAMINA II LAMINA II. Bouvardia longiflora: 1. Vista ecuatonal mostrando grosor de la exina. 2. Vista ecuatorial, colpos y omamentacién. 3. Vista polar, exina. 4. Vista polar, omamentaci6n. Bouvardia multiflora: 5. Vista ecuatonial mostrando grosor de la exina. 6. Vista ecuatorial, colpos y omamentaci6n. 7. Vista polar exina. 8. Vista polar omamentaci6n. 371 PHY TOLOGIA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 te LAMINA ITT LAMINA III. Bouvardia obovata: 1. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 2. Vista ecuatonal, colpos. 3. Vista ecuatonal colpos y ornamentacién. 4. Vista polar, exina. 5. Vista polar ornamentaci6n. Bouvardia ternifolia: 6. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 7. Vista ecuatorial mostrando los colpos y la omamentaci6n. 8. Vista polar, exina. 9. Vista polar, omamentaci6n. Crusea coccinea: 10. Vista superficial 60x mostrando los colpos. 11. Vista polar 60x mostrando grosor de la exina. 12. Detalle de la omamentacion. Arreguin-Sanchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 372 te LAMINA IV LAMINA IV. Crusea coccinea: |. Vista superficial mostrando los colpos. 2. Vista polar exina. Crusea diversifolia. 3. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 4. Vista ecuatorial, colpos y omamentacién. 5. Vista polar, colpos. 6. Superficie, colpos y omamentaciOn. Crusea longiflora: 7. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 8. Vista ecuatorial, corte Optico. 373 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 10 LAMINA V LAMINA V. Crusea longiflora: 1. Vista polar, exina. 2. Vista ecuatonal, omamentacién. Didymaea alsinoides: 3. Vista ecuatorial, exina. 4. Vista ecuatonial, colpos. 5. Vista polar, exina. 6. Vista polar, omamentaci6n. Didymaea floribunda: 7. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 8. Vista ecuatorial, colpos y exina. 9. Vista polar, exina. 10. Vista polar, ornamentacion. Arreguin-Sanchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 374 9 10 LAMINA VI LAMINA VI. Galiwm aschenbornii: 1. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 2. Vista ecuatorial, colpos y omamentaci6n. 3. Vista polar. exina. 4. Vista polar, ornamentacién. Galium mexicanum subsp. mexicanum. 5. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 6. Vista ecuatonal, Omamentacién y colpos. 7. Vista polar, exina) 8. Vista polar, omamentacién. Galium seatonii: 9. Vista ecuatorial, exina y colpos. 10. Vista ecuatorial, ornamentacion. 11. Vista polar, exina. 375 PH Ye OWOGirA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 11 13 15 LAMINA VII LAMINA VII. Galiuwm sphagnophilum: 1. Vista ecuatorial, colpos y omamentacién. 2. Vista polar, mostrando grosor de la exina. 3. Vista polar, ornamentacién. Galium trifidum var. pacificum: 4. Vista ecuatorial, exina y colpos. 5. Vista ecuatorial, omamentaciOn y colpos. 6. Vista polar, exina. 7. Vista polar, ornamentacion. Galium uncinulatuum: 8. Vista ecuatorial, exina 9. Vista ecuatonal, colpos y omamentacion. 10. Vista polar, exina) 11. Vista polar, omamentacién. Hedyotis cervantesii: 12. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 13. Vista ecuatorial, omamentacion. 14. Vista polar, exina. 15. Vista polar, exina. Arreguin-Sanchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 376 LAMINA VIII LAMINA VIII. Relbunium microphyllum: 1. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 2. Vista ecuatonal, colpos y omamentacién. 3. Vista polar, exina. 4. Vista polar, omamentaci6n. Richardia scabra: 5. Vista ecuatonal, colpos y omamentacién. 6. Vista polar, exina. 7. Detalle de la exina en vista polar. 8. Detalle de los colpos y ormamentaci6n en vista ecuatorial. S77 PHY TOLOGTA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 hy, 9 LAMINA IX _ LAMINA IX. Richardia tricocca subsp. tetracocca: 1. Vista ecuatonal, colpos. 2. _ Vista ecuatonal, colpos y ornmamentacién. 3. Vista polar, exina. 4. Vista polar, detalle de la ornamentacion. Sherardia arvensis. 5. Vista ecuatonal, exina. 6. Vista ecuatonal, colpos y omamentacién. 7. Vista polar, exina. 8. Vista polar, omamentaci6n y colpos. Arreguin-Sanchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 378 Sherardia arvensis L. Jardines de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas, Delegacién Miguel Hidalgo, D. F. Lam. [X, Figuras 5a 8. Polen estefanocolpado, tectado, subprolato de 26.0(30.0)31.3 x 23.6(25.3)28.0 uw. P/E = 1.18. Vista polar circular de 24.5(26.0)27.0 ps de didmetro. Exina de 2 w de espesor, sexina y nexina de igual grosor, superficie psilada. Colpos 8 a 10 cubiertos con membranas lisas. Indice del area polar 0.29, media. DISCUSION Y CONCLUSIONES La familia Rubiaceae es euripalinoldgica y en el caso de los taxa que prosperan en el Valle de México es factible separar mds del 50% por medios palinoldégicos. En los taxa estudiados, se encontraron los siguientes tipos polinicos, de acuerdo a las aberturas y ormamentaci6n: tncolporados y estefanocolpado con omamentacion equinada, per-reticulada, escabrosa, o psilada. Al relacionar la morfologia del polen con las subdivisiones taxondmicas de las Rubiaceae realizadas por Schumann en Engler & Prantl (1897), se encontré lo siguiente: El género Bouvardia se incluye en la Subtnibu Cinchoneae, Tnbu Cinchoninae, Subfamilia Cinchonoideae. Los géneros Crusea, Richardia, y Borreria pertenecen a la Subtnbu Spermacoceae, Tribu Psychotriinae, Subfamilia Coffeoideae. Los géneros Galium, Didymaea, Relbunium, y Sherardia estan en la Subtribu Galieae, Tnbu Psychotninae, Subfamilia Coffeoideae. El género Hedyotis no fué considerado por Schumann. Por lo antenormente expuesto, se aprecia que algunas especies de las Crusea estudiadas presentan polen muy semeyante al de las de Borreria y de otras especies ce Crusea el polen es similar al de las de Richardia, por lo que, se aprecia una similitud e7 cuanto a los tipos polinicos encontrados y a la subdivisi6n taxondmica a que pertenecen. En los géneros Galium, Didymaea, Relbunium, y Sherardia, que pertenecen a ‘a misma subdivisi6n taxonémica presentan tipos polinicos muy semejantes. La excepcidn es Galium aschenbornianum, su polen es muy diferente al resto de ‘as especies de Galiwm y que por la morfologia polinica es muy similar al de las especies: de Bouvardia. Las especies del género Bouvardia son similares desde el punto de visia palinolégico, pero por el tipo polinico se separan facilmente del resto de los géneros, lo que apoya la separaciOn de este en otra subdivisi6n taxonémica. Al comparar la morfologfa polinica con la clasificaci6n propuesta por Robbrecht (1988) en Lorence (1990), se encontré lo siguiente: Subfamilia Cinchonoideae, Tribu Cinchoneae, Bouvardia;, Subfamilia Rubioideae, Tnbu Hedyotideae, Hedyotis ; Tribu Spermacoceae, Crusea, Richardia, Tnbu Rubieae, Didymaea, Galium, Sherardia. Esta clasificaci6n agrupa a los géneros presentes en el Valle de México, pero aqui se incluye al género Hedyotis, que no se considera en la clasificaci6n de Schumann y 379 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(5):361-380 May 1995 que su morfologfa polfnica se separa del resto de los taxa, por lo que, la morfologia polfnica si apoya esta separacién. Los géneros Borreria y Relbunium no son considerados en esta clasificaci6n el segundo caso puede deberse a que existen autores que no consideran a Relbunium como un género aparte y sus especies aqui incluidas son consideradas dentro de Galium. Al revisar los trabajos monogrdficos de algunos géneros encontramos lo siguiente: El género Bouvardia (Backwell 1968) reconoce tres subgéneros, subgen. Bouvardioides con B. longiflora, subgen. Bouvardiastrum con B. multiflora, subgen. Bouvardia con B. obovata y B. ternifolia, la morfologia polfnica no apoya la separaciOn subgenérica. Relbunium fue designado por Endlicher seccién de Galium y Bentham & Hooker le dieron el rango genérico, asi también, lo consideraron Schumann y Hemsley; mientras que Gray en su Synoptical Flora incluye las especies de Relbunium representativas de Norteamérica bajo el género Galium (Greenman 1898). Desde el punto de vista palinoldégico, no se apoya la separacidn como géneros independientes. Por la morfologia del polen de Crusea, se aprecia que existe por lo menos dos tipos polinicos dentro de los taxa estudiados para el Valle de México, esto concuerda con lo observado por Anderson (1972), quién estudié la morfologia polinica para este género y menciona que el tamano del polen varia de 33 a 122 yw, el polen es policolpado o estefanocolporado, oramentacién equinada 0 no y concluye que el polen puede ser un buen elemento para interpretar las relaciones entre las diferentes especies. En el género Galium, se consult6 bibliograffa sobre revisiones de especies mexicanas y de Aménca Central, en ninguno de ellos se menciona una subdivision subgenérica, sin embargo, desde el punto de vista palinoldgico se observan diferencias. BIBLIOGRAFIA Anderson, W.R.A. 1972. Monograph of the genus Crusea (Rubiaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22:1-128. Arreguin-Sanchez, M.L., R. Palacios-Chavez, y D.L. Quiroz-Garcia. 1991. Morfologia de los granos de polen de la familia Rubiaceae de la Estacidn de Biologia Chamela, Jal. Palynol. et Palaeobot. 3(1):55-79. Backwell, W.H. 1968. Revision of Bouvardia (Rubiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 55(1):1-55. Dempster, L. 1978. The genus Galiuwm (Rubiaceae) in México and Central America. University of California Publications in Botany 73: 1-33. Erdtman, G. 1966. Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Hafner Publishing Company. New York, New York. 553 pp. Gonzdlez-Quintero, L. 1969. Morfologia polinica: la flora del Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo. Paleoecologfa. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. 3:46-48. Greenman, J.M. 1898. Revision of the Mexican and Central American species of Galium and Relbunium. Contr. from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, new series 14:455-470. Guinet, P. 1962. Pollen D'Asie tropicals. Institut Francais de Pondichéry Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique 5 1):84-92. Arreguin-Sanchez et al.: Polen de Rubiaceae 380 Heusser, C.J. 1966. Pollen and Spores of Chile. Modern Types of the Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae. The University of Anzona Press, Tucson, Arizona. pp. 54-55. Huang, T.C. 1972. Pollen Flora of Taiwan. National Taiwan University Botany Department Press. Taiwan. 276 pp. Kapp, R.O. 1969. How to Know Pollen and Spores. C. Brown Co. Publishers. Dubuque, Iowa. 249 pp. Keraudren-Aymonin, M., H. Straka, & A. Simon. 1969. Palynologia Madagassica et Mascarenica. Fam. 184-188. Pollen et Spores 11(2):299-332. Lawrence, G.H.M. 1951. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. New York, New York. 823 pp. Lorence, D.H. 1990. A phylogenetic list of the genera of Rubiaceae in México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 12: 1-7. Lozano-Garcia, M.S. & E. Martinez-Herndndez. 1990. Palinologia de los Tuxtlas: especies arbéreas. Publicaciones especiales 3, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de México. 61 pp. Markgraf, V. & H. D'Antoni. 1978. Pollen flora of Argentina. Modern spores and pollen types of Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae. The University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Anzona. 208 pp. Palacios-Chavez, R., D.L. Quiroz-Garcia, D. Ramos-Zamora, & M.L. Arreguin- Sanchez. 1985. Flora palinoldgica del Valle de México. Presentacion. Phytologia 59(1):65-66. Palacios-Chavez, R., B. Ludlow-Wiechers, & R. Villanueva) 1991. Flora palinoldgica de la reserva de la reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka’An, Quintana Roo, México. Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo, CIQRO, México. 141 PP- Pla Dalmau, J.M. 1961. Polen. Talleres Graficos, Gerona. 526 pp. Roubik, D.W. & J.E. Moreno. 1991. Pollen and Spores of Barro Colorado Island. Monograph in Systematic Botany. Missoun Botanical Garden 36: 132-138. Rzedowski, J. 1985. Rubiaceae. Jn: Rzedowski & Rzedowski. Flora Fanerogdmica del Valle de México. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas-Instituto de Ecologfa A.C. México, D.F., México. 2:390-402. Schumann, K. 1897. Rubiaceae. Jn: Engler & Prantl. Die Natiirlicher Pflanzenfamilien T4, Ab 4:1; N1:309; N2:72; N3:326; N4:290-330. Phytologia (May 1995) 78(5):381-383. ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS CROSSOTHAMNUS FROM COLOMBIA AND ECUADOR (ALOMIINAE: EUPATORIEAE: ASTERACEAE) R.M. King & H. Robinson Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Four species are recognized in Crossothamnus, including C. gentryi described from Ecuador and C. killipii of Colombia -- transferred from Condylopodium. KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, Alomiinae, Crossothamnus, Condylopodium, Colombia, Ecuador, Peri Crossothamnus and Condylopodium, two Andean genera related to Brickellia (subtribe Alomiinae), were established by King & Robinson in 1972 (a, b) and retained unchanged in the generic review of the Eupatorieae by King & Robinson in 1987. Their separation from each other depended pnmanly on habit and achene pubescence with some consideration of geography. At that ime, Condylopodium included four species, was known only from Colombia and the single species of Crossothamnus, C. weberbaueri (Hieron.) R.M. King & H. Rob., was known only from Peri. Complications first arose when Turmer & Dillon (1990), described a new species, Crossothamnus pascoanus Dillon & Turner, from Peri and questioned the distinctions between the genera Crossothamnus and Condylopodium. New material from Ecuador described here as a new species further complicates the issue. The new species is described here as a Crossothamnus and, as suggested by Tumer & Dillon (1990) the Colombian Condylopodium killipii R.M. King & H. Rob. is also added to the genus. In the present view, Condylopodium is restricted to three species having hairs on the base of their style and acuminate leaf tips, while Crossothamnus has an enlarged but glabrous style base and obtuse leaf tips. The expanded genus Crossothamnus occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Condylopodium was onginally known only from Colombia, but it has since been collected in Ecuador. The two Ecuadorian specimens of Condylopodium fuliginosum (H.B.K.) R.M. King & H. Rob. are) ECUADOR. Azuay: carretera Paute Guarumales, sector Amaluisa Parroquia Palmas, cant6n Paute, colecciones en Pica Guarumales Mendaz hasta finca del Sr. Absalén Bravo, area lluviosa y nublada, 9 Agosto 1983, J. Jaramillo 5650 (GB); Napo: El] Chaco Canton, Faldas al sur del 381 Robinson: Additions to Crossothamnus 382 Volcén Reventador, margen izquierda del Rfo Reventador, 77° 36’ W 00° 07’ S, 1600-1850 m, 11 Oct. 1990, W. Palacios 6189 (MO,QCNE,US). The taxonomic alterations in Crossothamnus are as follows: Crossothamnus killipii (R.M. King & H. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Condylopodium Killipii R.M. King & H. Rob., Phytologia 24:399. 1972. Crossothamnus gentryi R.M. King & H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: Campamento Achupalla, Cordillera del Céndor, 15 km east of Gualaquiza, open bromeliad sward with scattered shrubs and small trees, 03° 27’ S, 78° 22’ W, 2090 m, 25 July 1993, A. Gentry 80440 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: MO). Plantae erectae arborescentes 3 m altae; caules atrescentes dense nigro- pilosi, internodis 1-2 cm longis. Folia opposita, petiolis 2-5 mm _ longis; laminae coriaceae oblongo- vel anguste ellipticae 3.5-5.5 cm longae 1.3-2.0 cm latae base et apice anguste rotundatae vel obtusae margine integrae supra vindi- brunneae plerumque glabrae in nervis primariis minute puberulae subtus brunneae dense pilosulae obscure glandulo-punctatae, nervis secundanis irregulariter pinnatis mediocnter ascendentibus utrinque ca. 6-8, nervis et nervulis subtus_ distincte exsculpatis. Inflorescentiae _terminales subcorymbosae multiglomerulatae, pedunculis brevibus 1-2 mm _longis puberulis. Capitula campanulata ca. 1 cm alta et 0.3 cm lata; bracteae involucn ca. 18 subimbricatae ca. S-seriatae gradatim ovatae vel anguste oblongae chartaceae 1-7 mm longae apice rotundatae dense ciliatae extus multistnatae distaliter puberulae. Flores 4 or 5 in capitulo; corollae violaceae anguste infundibulares ca. 7 mm _ longae extus glabrae vel perpauce minute glanduliferae, tubis ca. 3 mm longis, faucibus ca. 3 mm longis, lobis ca. 1 mm longis et 0.5 mm latis intus et extus laevibus in cellulis elongatis; thecae antherarum ca. 1.7 mm longae, appendices apicales antherarum ovato- oblongae ca. 0.3 mm longae et 0.2 mm latae; base stylorum distincte nodulosi glabri, rami stylorum sensim clavati. Achenia anguste pnsmatica 3.0-3.5 mm longa plerumque glabra supere sparce breviter spiculifera, carpopodia breviter cylindrica; setae pappi ca. 35 sordide flavescentes ca. 7 mm longae !ongiores distaliter latiores et scabndiores. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 25 um. The species is named after the collector, the late Dr. Alwyn Gentry. Crossothamnus gentryi is distinguished by the narrowly elliptical or oblong leaves, the mostly glabrous but partly setuliferous rather than strictly glanduliferous achenes, and the subsessile clusters of heads in the inflorescence. The closest relationship is to C. pascoanus of Peru, but the leaves of the new species are narrowly oblong-elliptical rather than broadly elliptical, and the heads have 4 or 5 rather than 6-8 florets. The four species of Crossothamnus can be distinguished by the following key. la. Inflorescence thyrsoid with thyrsoid or fasciculate branches, heads not in glomerules; corollas and achenes with scattered glands on outer surface, sometimes numerous; tips of pappus bnistles not or slightly broadened. ............ 2 383 PHY FOLOGIA volume 78(5):381-383 May 1995 2a. Leaves ovate, broadest near base, with crenulate or slightly serrulate margins, upper surface glabrous, lower surface obscured by pale hairs; petioles short or lacking; involucral bracts with rounded tips, multicostate........ C. weberbaueri 2b. Leaves oblong to elliptical, broadest near the middle, with entire margins, surfaces sparsely pilose, lower surface not obscured by hairs; petioles to over 1 cm long; involucral bracts often acute, bicostate. ...................... C. kill.pii 1b. Inflorescence with heads in glomerules on congested rounded corymbs; corollas essentially glabrous; achenes glabrous or with short setulae above; tips of longer BeaEAMIS OTISLIES GISLINCHY DIOAGENER. 2.5 55.005 sides sine wen cionee semen danecewacienean cas | 3a. Leaves broadly elliptical, 2.5-5.0 cm wide, lower surfaces moderately puosulous: heads with\6-8 florets)... :2.22..tvebeotttee-s...002- 0600000 C. pascoanus 3b. Leaves narrowly elliptical or oblong, 1.3-2.0 cm wide, lower surfaces densely pilosulous; heads with 4 or 5 florets. ..................0.000000. C. gentryi LITERATURE CITED King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1972a. Studies in the Eupatoneae (Asteraceae), LXXXIV. A new genus, Crossothamnus. Phytologia 24:77-78. King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1972b. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae), CVIII. A new genus, Condylopodium. Phytologia 24:397-400. King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1987. The Genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Missouri Bot. Gard. Monographs Syst. Bot. 22:1-581. ' Turner, B.L. & M. Dillon. 1990. Crossothamnus pascoanus (Asteraceae- Eupatorieae), a new species from Pasco, Peni. Phytologia 69:420-423. Phytologia (May 1995) 78(5):384-399. NEW COMBINATIONS AND NEW SPECIES IN AMERICAN VERNONIEAE (ASTERACEAE) H. Robinson Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Eleven new combinations are provided in the genera Chresta, Lepidaploa, and Vernonanthura, and eighteen new species are described in Critoniopsis (5), Eremanthus, (1), Hololepis (1), Lepidaploa (8), Lessingianthus (1), Minasia (1), and Stilpnopappus (1). KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Vernonieae, Chresta, Critoniopsis, Eremanthus, Hololepis, Lepidaploa, Lessingianthus, Minasia, Stilpnopappus, Vernonanthura, new combinations, new species Attempts to complete redispositions of American Vernonieae into their appropniate genera have previously led to many transfers of species, including some omitted from other papers (Robinson 1994). Continuing study has revealed the need for the following additional new combinations in the genera Chresta, Lepidaploa, and Vernonanthura. Included are two species placed in Lepidaploa which differ from other species in that genus by having pedunculate heads. Nevertheless, these show < relationship to Lepidaploa in the characters that seem most important according to present knowledge of the group: detailed pollen structure and shape of raphids in the achene wall. Also, it seems best to descnbe some of the most distinctive undescribed species encountered over the last few years so that they can be included in a planned index of American species of Vernonieae. The new species are five Critoniopsis, one Eremanthus, one Hololepis, eight Lepidaploa, one Lessingianthus, one Minasia, and one Stilpnopappus. Chresta pinnatifida (Philipson) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Eremanthus pinnatifidus Philipson, Kew Bull. 1938. 299. 1938. 384 385 PHY TOLOGFA volume 78(5):384-399 May 1995 Lepidaploa almasensis (D.J.N. Hind) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia almasensis D.J.N. Hind, Kew Bull. 48(2):247. 1993. The species has the appearance of Lessingianthus, with heads single on a long peduncle, but the pollen is Type G and the raphids of the achene wall are elongate. Lepidaploa chiriquiensis (Keeley) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia chiriquiensis Keeley, Bnittonia 39:45. 1987. The species is unusual in the genus by its distinctly pedunculate heads, but it is like Lepidaploa in every other respect. Pollen Type G. Lepidaploa pseudaurea (D.J.N. Hind) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia pseudaurea D.J.N. Hind, Kew Bull. 48(2):251. 1993. Pollen Type D. Vernonanthura divaricata (Spreng.) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Conyza divaricata Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3:508. 1826. An older name for Vernonanthura diffusa (Less.) H. Rob. Vernonanthura lindbergii (Baker) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia lindbergii Baker, Fl. Bras. 6(2):105. 1873. Vernonanthura lipeoensis (Cabrera) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia lipeoensis Cabrera, Darwiniana 18(3-4):418. 1974. Vernonanthura nebularum (Cabrera) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia nebularum Cabrera, Darwiniana 18(3-4):416. 1974. Vernonanthura pseudonudiflora (Hieron.) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia pseudo-nudiflora Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22:703. 1897. Robinson: New combinations and species in Vernonieae 386 Vernonanthura schulziana (Cabrera) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia schulziana Cabrera, Darwiniana 6(3):361. 1944. Vernonanthura vinhae (H. Rob.) H. Rob., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vernonia vinhae H. Rob., Phytologia 49(5):496. 1981. Better flowering material of this species has now been seen: BRAZIL. Bahia: municipio de Castro Alves, Serra da Jibéra (= Serra da Pioneira), 12° 51’ 11” S, 39° 28’ 19” W, 8 Dec. 1992, Queiroz, Mayo, Nadruz, Sena, & Guedes 2944 (NY). The following new species have been set aside during recent years from vanous specimens sent for identification. Among the specimens are many collected by Gert Hatschbach of Museo Botanico Municipal of Cuntiba, Brazil, and three of the following new species are named for him. Other collectors after whom new species are named are indicated below. Measurements of pollen are all in Hoyer’s solution. Critoniopsis choquetangensis H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Inquisivi, comunidad Choquetanga - Aguas Calientes - Calachaca, cuencz. del rio Calahura, pequefio valle, 9 km de Choquetanga, 16° 48’ S, 67° 19’ W, 2400 m, 20 Julio 1994, N. Salinas 3187 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: LPB). PARATYPES: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Inquivisi, “Valle de Chimu”, on slopes W of the Pavionani Fork of the Rio Chimu, 1-3 km NW of Estancia Chimu, 7 kra NE of Choquetanga, 16° 48’ S, 67° 16’ W, 2900-3200 m, 14 April 1991, Lewis 38677 (LPB,MO,US). Plantae arborescentes e basi ramosae ad 10 m altae; caules dense patentiter fulvo-tomentosi. Folia alterna, petiolis 3.5-4.0 cm longis tomentosis; larn'nae ellipticae 12-23 cm longae 4.5-8.5 cm latae base breviter acutae margine reniote argute serrulatae apice acute vel breviter acuminatae supra rugulosae minute puberulae subtus dense sordide vel fulve tomentosae in nervis fulviorious, nervis secundanis ca. 45° patentibus utrinque ca. 12, nervulis reticulato- exsculpatis. Inflorescentiae terminales late corymboso-cymosae ad 12 cm altae et 19 cm latae in ramis dense corymbosae in ramulis glomerulatae. Capitula ca. 1 cm alta; involucrae ca. 3 mm latae; bracteae involucn 17-20 imbncatae ca. 4- senlatae appressae 1-5 mm longae 1.5-1.8 mm lalae apice acutae extus puberulae vel leniter tomentellae. Flores 3 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae ca. 8 mm longae extus plerumque glabrae, tubis 4.5-5.0 mm longis, faucibus ca. 0.5 mm longis sparse glandulo-punctatis, lobis 4.0-4.5 mm longis ca. 0.5 mm latis leniter contortis vel leniter revolutis apice dense glandulo-punctatae; thecae antherarum ca. 2.5 mm longae base distincte caudatae fimbnate dentatae; appendices apicales ca. 0.5 mm longae 0.28 mm latae in panetibus cellarum leniter ornatae. Achenia (submatura) ca. 2.5 mm longa plerumque glabra base 387 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(5):384-399 May 1995 et apice glandulo-punctatae, raphidis acheniorum obscuris, raphidis ovularum elongatis; setae pappi albae persistentes ca. 7 mm longae longiores apice sensim latiores. Grana pollinis in diametro 40-42 um, typi A. Critoniopsis choquetangensis is most distinct in the large elliptical leaves, rugulose above and brownish tomentose below, and in the densely corymbose inflorescence. The species was first obtained in young bud and put aside. The more recent collecuon is in full anthesis. The type was cited from mercia de bosque y dreas de pastoreo. The paratype is cited from forests to 20 m high with a distinct understory layer, Weinmannia often dominant, with numerous mid-layer Miconia trees. Clusia and Berberis are also common. Critoniopsis gynoxiifolia H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: PERU. Cusco: Paucartambo, Alturas de Pucard, Challabamba, Parque Nacional Manu, elev. 3450-3500 m, bosque en quebrada con predominio de Weinmannia, escaso, 12 Sept. 1990, A. Cano E. 4343 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: USM). Plantae fruticosae 3-4 m altae mediocriter ramosae; caules appresse cinereo- tomentelli veteres incrassati juvenes sulcati, internodis 3-8 cm longis. Folia alterna, petiolis ca. 1.2 cm longis; laminae subcoriaceae oblongo-lanceolatae 5- 10 cm longae 2.2-3.0 cm latae base rotundatae margine integrae anguste reflexae apice breviter acutae supra glabrae in nervis primariis et secundanis insculptae in nervulis minute reticulate exsculptae subtus dense sordide lanatae, lanis nervis secundanis et nervulis occultantibus, nervis primariis subtus valde exsculptis bisulcatis, nervis secundanis utninque ca. 18 plerumque recte patentibus vix arcuatis. Inflorescentiae in ramis foliosis terminales dense corymbiformes, ramis sulcatis dense sordide tomentellis, pedunculis 0-2 mm longis. Capitula late campanulata ca. 1.5 cm alta superne sensim 1.2-1.5 cm lata; squamae involucn ca. 25 subimbricatae ca. 4seriatae ovatae vel lanceolatae 3-7 mm longae 2.5-1.5 mm latae apice breviter acutae vel acutae exteriores extus sordide tomentellae interiores distaliter atrescentes et minute puberulae. Flores ca. 7 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae ca. 9 mm _ longae plerumque glabrae, tubis ca. 4.5 mm longis, faucibus 1.5 mm longis, lobis 3.5 mm longis et 0.65 mm latis distaliter pauce glandulo-punctatis; thecae antherarum ca. 3 mm longae base longe caudatae fimbrate denticulatae; appendices apicales antherarum 0.55 mm longae 0.28 mm latae. Achenia ca. 4 mm longa pauce glandulifera, raphidis brevibus; setae pappi albae ca. 8 mm longae apice leniter latiores; setae extenores similares sed breviores 3-4 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 42 um typi A. The new species is named for the remarkable Gynoyxs-like leaves. Relationship may be closest to Critoniopsis peruviana (Cuatr.) H. Rob., but the leaves of the latter have mostly ascending, arching secondary veins and much shorter pubescence on the undersurface that does not hide the network of raised veinlets. The heads of C. peruviana are smaller with only 4 or 5 florets. Robinson: New combinations and species in Vernonieae 388 Critoniopsis jaramilloi J. Pruski & H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: ECUADOR. Azuay: Carretera Cuenca - San Joaquin - Angas, S de Cuenca, colecciones entre Baydn y Hcda. Pucdn, vegetacién de bosque secundario y potreros, suelo humffero, 30 Julio 1983, J. Jaramillo & Winnerskjold 5389 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: NY). Plantae frutescentes ad 2 m altae, mediocriter ramosae; caules dense sordide tomentelli. Folia alterna, petiolis 5-9 mm longis; laminae subconaceae ellipticae 3-6 cm longae 1.4-2.8 cm latae base et apice obtusae vel breviter acutae margine integrae leniter undulatae supra glabrae sublaeves subtus dense sordide tomentellae, nervis secundanis ad 45°-55° patentibus utrinque 6-8, nervis et nervulis subtus exsculptis. Inflorescentiae in axilles superiores et terminaliter dispositae in ramis laxe cymosae, pedunculis 3-14 mm longis. Capitula 9-10 mm alta; squamae involucn 60-70 subimbnicatae ca. 7-seriatae juvenales erecto-patentes ovatae vel oblongae 0.5-5.5 mm longae 1.0-1.5 mm latae apice breviter acutae extus glabrae distaliter leniter tomentellae. Flores ca. 12 in capitulo; corollae albae ca. 7 mm longae extus sparce glanduliferae; glandulis cylindricis, tubis ca. 4 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1 mm longis, lobis 2.0-2.5 mm longis revolutis; thecae antherarum ca. 2.3 mm longae base breviter inomate caudatae, appendices apicales ovatae ca. 0.6 mm longae 0.3 mm latae in panetibus cellularum leniter omatae. Achenia ca. 3 mm longa extus breviter setulifera sparce glandulifera dense idioblastifera; setae pappi albae facile deciduae ca. 5 mm longae distaliter leniter latiores. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 40 um, typi A. ; The species is named for the first collector, Jaime L. Jaramillo, of the Herbano QCA, Pontificia Universidad Catélica del Ecuador. The specimen was first recognized as a new species by J. Pruski who furnished the material for description and inclusion in this report. The new species is distinctive in the rather large number of florets in the heads and in the many rows of involucral bracts. Although some species of Critoniopsis have over 20 florets, most have eight or fewer. The lower four to five rows of involucral bracts are strongly spreading in the young buds. Critoniopsis thomasii H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: HONDURAS. Comayagua: Both sides of Agua Amanila stream, nuclear zone of the Azul Meambar National Park, 10.5 km east of Lago Yojoa, 14° 48’ N, 87° 52’ W, 1740 m, 1! March 1993, N. Thomas 571 (HOLOTYPE: MO; Isotypes: EAP,HEH,TEFH). Plantae volubiles in arboris ad 10 m altae; caulis dense stellato-pubescentes in nodis non vel minime deflecti. Folia alternata, petiolis 4-6 mm longis; laminae chartaceae ellipticae plerumque 2.5-4.5 cm longae 1-2 cm latae base et apice obtusae vel breviter acutae margine integrae supra persparse pilosulae subtus stellato-pubescentes et glandulo-punctatae, nervis secundanis obscuris utrinque 5 vel 6. Inflorescentiae in ramis foliosis terminales pyramidaliter thyrsoideae, ramis recte patentibus, ramis inferionbus longioribus thyrsoideis, pedunculis brevibus vel nullis. Capitula in glomerulis subdensis congesta ca. 389 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(5):384-399 May 1995 8 mm alta ca. 3 mm lata, bracteae involucn ca. 24 imbncatae gradatim 5- seriatae ovatae vel anguste ovatae 1-4 mm longae ad 1.5 mm latae apice acutae nigrescentiores extus plerumque glabrae. Flores ca. 3 in capitulo; corollae albae 6 mm longae plerumque glabrae, tubis ca. 3 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1.5 mm longis, lobis ca. 1.5 mm longis distaliter minute glanduliferis, thecae antherarum 1.9 mm longae base distincte breviter in cellulis leniter ornate fimbriatae, appendices apicales ca. 0.45 mm longae 0.22 mm latae. Achenia submatura ca. 2 mm longa ca. 8-costata dense breviter setulifera; setae pappis albae ca. 4.5 mm longae apice leniter latiores et scabnidiores. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 40 um, typi A. The species is named for the collector, Hawkins Thomas. The specimen is cited from moist hardwood cloud forest. The species keys to Critoniopsis oolepis (S.F. Blake) H. Rob. (as Vernonia) in the key to Vernonia sect. Eremosis by Jones (1973). The new species has lateral branches in the inflorescence similarly short and spreading at nearly nght angles, but the lower branches are longer instead of shorter than the upper branches and the inflorescence shape is thus more pyramidal than cylindrical. The Blake species of Yucatan also has denser pubescence on the leaf undersurfaces and its achenes are nearly glabrous. Critoniopsis zarucchii H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mpio. de Yarumai, ca. 5 km WSW of Yarumai just W of El Pefiol, 6° 57’ N, 75° 28’ W, 2420 m, margin of disturbed forest, 30 Nov. 1986, Zarucchi & Cardenas 4374 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: MO). Plantae fruticosae scandentes mediocniter ramosae; caules evanescentiter sordide granulo-hirtelli. Folia alterna, petiolis 0.5-0.9 cm longis; laminae chartaceae elliptcae 6-10 cm longae 1.5-2.7 cm latae base cuneatae margine superne remote serrulatae apice anguste acuminalae supra glabrae minute alveolatae subtus pallidius vindes minute glandulo-punctatae in nervis puberulae, nervis secundanis utrinque ca. 7 ascendentiter arcuatae. Inflorescentiae in ramis foliosis terminales in nodis deflectae, ramulis divaricate cymosae. Capitula in glomerulis sessilia vel subsessilia anguste campanulata 7-8 mm alta 3-4 mm lata; bracteae involucn ovatae vel oblongae 1-3 mm longae 0.5-1.0 mm latae apice obtusae interiores base vix contractae et reflexae omnino extus in partibus expositiores senceo- vel tomentello-puberulae. Flores 3 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae? ca. 5.5 mm longae plerumque glabrae, tubis ca. 3 mm longis, faucibus ca. 0.3 mm longis, lobis ca. 2.2 mm longis 0.5 mm latis apice extus pauce glandulo-punctatis; thecae antherarum ca. 1.7 mm longae base breviter denticulate caudatae; appendices apicales antherarum oblongo-ovatae 0.3 mm longae 0.2 mm latae. Achenia ca. 2 mm longa glabra idioblastifera, raphidis obscuris; setae pappi albae apice distincte lateriores; squamae exteriores lineares 1.0-1.8 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 38 um, typi A. The species is named for the first collector, James L. Zarucchi. Robinson: New combinations and species in Vernonieae 390 Critoniopsis zarucchii was originally determined by the author as C. lindenii Sch.- Bip., to which it seems related. The new species is most distinct in the strongly acuminate and remotely serrulate leaf tips. The leaf undersurface is more nearly glabrous than in related species. The outer series of the pappus is unusually long for a squamose form. The flowers were described by the collector as cream-colored, but the plant is almost entirely past anthesis. Eremanthus hatschbachii H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Mucugé, Serra do Cabeludo, 16 Sept. 1984, Hatschbach 48277 (HOLOTYPE: MBM; Isotype: US). Plantae frutescentes 1.8 m altae, mediocriter ramosae; caules denise appresse tomentosi, pilis stellatis. Folia alterna, petiolis brevibus 0.5-1.0 mm longis; laminae coniaceae ovatae 0.9-1.5 cm longae 0.7-1.1 cm latae base rotundatae margine integrae apice obtusae vel breviter acutae supra glabrae subtus dense appresse albo-tomentosae, pilis stellatis. Inflorescentiae terminales dense late corymboso-cymosae, bracteis subcapituli minute foliiformibus ca. 4 mm longis, pedunculis 0-1 mm longis. Capitula ca 1 cm alta 2 mm lata; bracteae involucn ca. 20 gradatim ca. 5-seriatae oblongae vel elliptcae 1-4 mm longae ca. 1 mm latae apice anguste rotundatae exius distaliter dense tomentellae; flores 2 vel 3 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae ca. 5 mm longae, tubis ca. 1.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1 mm longis, lobis ca. 2.5 mm longis extus glandulo-punctatis; thecae antherarum ca. 2 mm longae base minime fimbriatae; appendices antherarum apicales ca. 0.6 mm longae anguste triangulares. Achenia ca. 3.2 mm longa glabra; setae pappi albae perfacile deciduae filiformiter taeniatae ca. 5 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 42 um, typi A. The species is superficially most similar to Eremanthus rondoniensis MacLeish & Schumacher is the small size of the leaves, but that species from the intenor of Brazil and eastern Bolivia has single-flowered heads and achenes that are senceous at the base. Hololepis hatschbachii H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Espirito Santo: Sao Bento de Urania, rodovia para Castelinho (mun. Alfredo Chaves), alt. 1100 m, Hatschbach & Silva 61125 (HOLOTYPE: MBM; Isotype: US). Plantae frutescentes; caules in parte flexuosi minute lepidoti, pilosis T- formibus, internodis ca. 5 mm longis. Folia alterna, petiolis ca. 1.5 cm longs; laminae ellipticae vel obovatae subconaceae 10-12 cm longae 3-4 cm latae base et apice breviter acuminatae margine integrae anguste reflexae supra glabrae minute glandulo-punctatae subtus dense albo-lepidotae, pilis T-formibus. Inflorescentiae axillanbus in pedunculis angustis flexuosis monocephalae. Capitula late campanulata ca. 1.8 cm alta et 2 cm lata; bracteae subinvolucni ca. 8 foliiformis lineares vel ellipticae 1.2-2.0 cm longae 2.5-4.0 mm latae subtus albo-lepidotae; bracteae involucn ca. 30 subimbricatae ca. 4-senatae late ovatae 391 Prey Ol OIG ras volume 78(5):384-399 May 1995 et oblongae vel anguste oblongae 1.5-10.0 mm longae 1.5-2.5 mm latae apice breviter acutae extus sparse appresse T-formiter pilosulae. Floribus ca. 30 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae 8.5 mm longae; tubis ca. 1 mm longis, faucibus ca. | mm longis, lobis ca. 6.5 mm longis distaliter in pilis T-formibus tomentellis; thecae antherarum ca. 4 mm longae base breviter fimbriatae, appendices antherarum apicales lanceolatae ca. 1 mm longae. Achenia ca. 5 mm longa; setae pappi roseo-tinctae filiformes ad 9 mm longae extenores irregulariter breviores. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 50 ym, typi A. The species is similar to Hololepis pedunculata (DC. ex Pers.) DC. of Minas Gerais, but the plant is generally smaller with narrower, more flexuous peduncles, smaller heads, scarcely developed tails on the anther thecae and reddish pappus bristles. Lepidaploa araujoa H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Mun. de Macaé, 1.7 km da Lagoa Comprida em diregao Carapebus, atrds do 1° cordao em depreedo, helidfila; crescendo nas moitas, 6 Apr. 1983, Araujo 5538 & Casari (HOLOTYPE: GUA; Isotype: US). PARATYPE: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Mun. de Macaé, entre Lagoa Compnda e Cabitinas, “restinga de Ericaceae”, helidfilo, frequente, 7 Apr. 1982, Araujo 4900 & Henriques (US). Plantae fruticosae ad 0.7 m altae mediocnter ramosae; caules subtiliter pentangulares dense sericei, pilis T-formibus. Folia alterna, petiolis indistinctis ad 2 mm longis; laminae lineares 2.0-3.5 cm longae 2-4 mm latae base anguste cuneatae margine integrae anguste reflexae apice acutae supra et subtus sericeae subtus densius et glandulo-punctatae, pilis T-formibus, solum nervis primariis distinctis. Inflorescentiae in ramis foliosis terminales, ramis seriate cymosis, internodis brevibus, bracteolis foliiformis linearibus ca. 1 cm longis. Capitula sessilia late campanulata 5-7 mm alta ca. 7 mm lata; bracteae involucn ca. 20 subimbricatae ca. 3-seriatae subulatae vel anguste oblongae 1.5-4.0 mm longae extenores apice acuminatae plerumque appressae interiores acutae omnino extus sordide puberulae. Flores 18-20 in capitulo; corollae rosaceae ca. 6.5 mm longae, tubis ca. 3 mm longis extus glabris, faucibus ca. 1 mm longis, lobis ca. 2.5 mm longis 0.35 mm latis extus omnino sericeo- pilosis distaliter glandulo-punctatis, pilis plerumque propre basem ramulosis; thecae antherarum ca. 1.6 mm longae base breviter caudatae; appendices apicales antherarum ca. 0.5 mm longae 0.18 mm latae. Achenia submatura ca. 1 mm longa dense sericeo-setulifera idioblastifera, raphidis elongatis; setae pappi ca. 3.5 mm longae apice vix vel non lateriores; squamae exterores setiformes ca. 0.5 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 40 um, typi C. The species is named after the collector of both specimens, Dorothy Araujo, of Rio de Janeiro. : Lepidaploa araujoa seems to have escaped description because of its unremarkable appearance with linear leaves, small shrubby habit, and small heads. The species is unusual in the density of slightly T-shaped hairs on the corolla lobes and upper throat. Robinson: New combinations and species in Vernonieae 392 Basal appendages on the anther thecae, of the type seen in L. araujoa, seem rare in Lepidaploa. Lepidaploa bahiana H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. de Palmeiras, Morro do Pai Inacio, ca. 1000 msm, 12° 27’ 4” S, 41° 38’ 15” W, campo rupestre, 12 Oct. 1987, Queiroz, et al. 1987 (HOLOTYPE: NY). PARATYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia: Lengois, Morro do Pai Inacio, 12° 34’ S, 41° 23’ W, Oct. 1982, Bastos Lobo 35 (US). Plantae suffrutescentes ad 1.5 m altae non vel inferne ramosae; caules valde 5-angulares distincte ochraceo-glandulo-punctatae sparce pilosi, pilis T- formibus. Folia alterna, petiolis 0.3-1.0 cm longis; laminae membranaceae vel chartaceae anguste ovatae vel ellipticae plerumque 3-6 cm longae 0.7-1.7 cm latae base acuminatae margine serratae apice acute vel breviter acuminatae supra et subtus dense ochraceo-glandulo-punctatae supra appresse pilosulae subtus pallidiores plerumque in nervis puberulae, pilis adaxialibus T-formibus, nervis secundanis utrinque 7-9 ascendentiter arcuatis. Inflorescentiae in ramis prolongatis decrescente foliatis terminales laxe arcuate ramosae, ramis senato- cymosis in nodis leniter deflectis, internodis costatis. Capitula sessilia ‘ate campanulata 6-7 mm alta et lata; bracteae involucn 30-35 subimbnicatae ca. 3- seriatae subulatae vel oblongo-lanceolatae 1.5-4.5 mm longae 0.7-1.2 mm latae apice acutae exteniores pungentiores extus glandulo-punctatae et appresse pilosulae, pilis T-formibus. Flores ca. 20 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae ca. 6.5 mm longae extus glandulo-punctatae in apicem lobarum densius glanduliferae, tubis ca. 2.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1 mm longis, lobis ca. 2 mm longis ca. 0.4 mm latis extus sericeo-pilosulis; thecae antherarum ca. 2 mm longae tase breviter caudatae; appendices apicales antherarum ca. 0.45 mm longae 0.2 inm latae. Achenia ca. 1.5 mm longa senceo-setulifera et idoblastifera inter costal ochraceo-glandulifera, raphidis elongatis; setae pappi albae ca. 4 mm longae apice vix latenores; squamae extenores ca. 1 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 40 um, typi C. Lepidaploa bahiana is most notable for the densely reddish glandular punciation of the stems, leaves, and inflorescence parts. The inflorescence is borne on a prolonged branch with reduced leaves. Lepidaploa davidsmithii H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: PERU. San Martin: Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz - Moyobamba road, km 368, Campamento Garcia, 5° 45’ S, 77° 43' W, 2200 m, pajonal vegetation, due to exposure and poor soil on ridges, 14 Aug. 1983, D.N. Smith 4804 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: MO). Plantae reclinatae mediocnter ramosae; caules rufo-velutini. Folia alterna, petiolis 0.7-1.5 cm longis; laminae subcoriaceae anguste ovatae vel lanceolatae 4.5-12.5 cm longae 2.0-3.2 cm latae base obtusae vel breviter acutae margine 393 PHY LOLOGIA volume 78(5):384-399 May 1995 integrae apice anguste acutae supra tenuiter puberulae in nervis et nervulis leniter insculptae subtus rufo-lanulatae; nervis secundanis utrinque ca. 10 leniter ascendentiter arcuatis. Inflorescentiae mediocnter ramosae, ramis seriate cymosae, internodis fulvo-velutinis, bracteolis foliiformibus oblongis 8- 11 mm longis 45 mm latis. Capitula sessilia in nodis 1-3 campanulata 8-9 mm alta ca. 4 mm lata; squamae involucn ca. 35 subimbricatae appressae eXtus sericeo-tomentellae ovatae vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatae 1-5 mm longae 0.5- 1.2 mm latae extenores apice argute acutae inteniores apice breviter acutae et breviter acuminatae vix rubro-tinctae. Flores ca. 10 in capitulo; corollae violaceae 7.0-7.5 mm longae extus plerumque glabrae, tubis 3.5-4.0 mm longis, faucibus ca. 0.5 mm longis, lobis ca. 3.5 mm longis ca. 0.5 mm latis solum in apicem extus spiculifers; thecae antherarum ca. 2.2 mm longae; appendices antherarum apicales ovatae ca. 0.3 mm longae 0.2 mm latae. Achenia ca. 2.8 mm longa dense sericeo-setulifera dense idioblastifera base pauce glandulifera, raphidis elongatis; setae pappi albae ca. 5.5 mm longae apice leniter latiores; squamae extenores ca. 1 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro 40-42 ym, typi C. The species is named for the collector, the late David Smith, who collected extensively for the Missouri Botanical Garden in Peri and Bolivia. Lepidaploa davidsmithii is generally similar to other members of the widespread group of andean Lepidaploa having Type C pollen. It is distinct in the lanulose undersurfaces of the leaves, the laxly arching branches of the inflorescence with heads often grouped at the nodes, the heads having only about 10 florets and the pappus being white. Lepidaploa juruenensis H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rfo Juruena, margem direita da Cachoeira, Salto Augusto, na fenda das pedras, 28 May 1977, Rosa & Santos 2027 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotypes: MG?,NY). Plantae herbaceae annuae? ad 30 cm altae vix ramosae; caules strigulosi. Folia alterna lineana 2.0-3.5 cm longa margine anguste reflexa ca. 1 mm lata supra sparce minute sericea subtus dense albo-strigosa, nervis primariis solum distinctis. Inflorescentiae terminales pauce ramosae in nodis leniter deflexae, pedunculis tenuibus 3-12 mm longis. Capitula anguste campanulata ca. 10 mm alta 5-6 mm lata; bracteae involucn ca. 40 subimbncatae ca. 4senatae lanceolatae 1.5-6.0 mm longae 0.3-1.0 mm latae apice anguste acutae erectae vel vix patentes extus sparce sericeae et minute sparce glandulo-punctatae. Flores ca. 10 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae ca. 6.5 mm longae plerumque glabrae, tubis ca. 3 mm longis, faucibus ca. 0.5 mm longis, lobis ca. 3 mm longis ca. 0.4 mm latis apice minute pauce spiculifens et glandulo-punctatis; thecae antherarum ca. 2 mm longae; appendices apicales antherarum ca. 0.35 mm longae et 0.23 mm latae. Achenia immatura ca. 1 mm longa dense sericeo- setulifera obscure idioblastifera, raphidis elongatis; setae pappi albae ca. S mm longae; squamae exteriores anguste lineares ad 0.8 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 40 um, typi D. Robinson: New combinations and species in Vernonieae 394 The species is unusual in the genus by the linear leaves and by the usually short and slender but distinct peduncles under the heads of the inflorescence. Lepidaploa krukovii H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Prov. Larecaja, Copacabana (about 10 km S of Mapin), elev. 850-950 m, 8 Oct. - 15 Nov. 1939, Krukoff 11010 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: NY). Plantae scandentes mediocnter ramosae; caules fulvo-velutini. Folia alterna, petiolis ad 2 cm longis; laminae in sicco chartaceae ellipticae 18-22 cm longae plerumque 4-7 cm latae base breviter acutae margine integrae apice anguste leniter acuminatae supra laeves minute pilosulae subtus dense tenuiter albo-sericeae, nervis secundaniis leniter arcuatis utrinque ca. 13 subtus pallidae valde exsculptis. Inflorescentiae terminales multo ramosae et ramulosae, ramiis et ramulis seriate cymosis, internodis dense sordide velutinis. Capitula plerumque in nodis singula sessilia longe campanulata 9-10 mm alta ca. 5 mm lata; bracteae involucn ca. 50 subimbnicatae ca. 5-seriatae appressae anguste ovatae vel linean-lanceolatae 2-7 mm longae 0.7-1.1 mm latae extenores apice anguste acutae extus evanescentiter sericeo- vel arachnoideo-tomentellae interiores apice anguste obtusae vel mucronulatae extus superne sensim tomentosae. Flores ca. 22 in capitulo; corollae albae? ca. 7 mm longae, tubis ca. 3.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1.5 mm longis extus in tubis superioribus et faucibis pilosis, pilis plerumque setuliformibus biseriatis, lobis ca. 3 mm longis margine extus et intus omnino spiculifens apice densius spiculiferis intus in zonis mediis distincte spiculiferis; thecae antherarum ca. 3 mm longae; appendices antherarum apicales ca. 0.7 mm longae 0.16 mm latae. Achenia ca. 3.5 mm longa dense sericeo-setulifera dense idioblastifera, raphidis sparsis elongatis; setae pappis albae ca. 6 mm longae apice vix latiores; squamae exteriores 1.0-1.5 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro 38-40 um, typi D The species is named for B.A. Krukoff during whose 8th expedition to South America the type was collected. Lepidaploa krukovii is like L. lewisii H. Rob., described below, in belonging to the L. beckii H. Rob. group with spicules on the lateral margins of the corolla /obes. The present new species differs by the smoother upper leaf surfaces, the almost exclusively solitary heads at the nodes, the larger size of the heads, the setuliform hairs on the throats of the corollas, the spicules in a median zone inside of the corolla lobes and the white rather than yellowish pappus bristles. The pollen is different in the crosswalls in the colpi that seem complete or nearly complete and the total lack of polar lacunae. This Type D pollen seems independently denved from that in the group of Brasilian species including L. nitens (Gardn.) H. Rob. Lepidaploa lewisii H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Inquisivi, “Abra de Alto Polea” - along the road between Alto Polea and Paqueloque where it crosses the pass, roadside evergreen woodlands, 16° 42’ S, 67° 14’ W, 2780 m, 5 June 1990, Marko Lewis 37356 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotypes: LPB,MO). PARATYPES: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Inquisivi Prov. Same data as type, Marko 395 Pry OBOGrA volume 78(5):384-399 May 1995 Lewis 37358 (LPB,MO,US); Inquisivi, At the bridge over the Rfo Khara (Inquisivi - Niguillas road), ca. 2 km NW of Licoma Pampa, subtropical forest, mostly secondary, 16° 48’ S, 67° 13’ W, 1750 m, 15 June 1988, Marko Lewis 8883] (LPB,MO,US). Plantae suffruticosae reclinatae mediocriter ramosae; caules fulvo-velutini. Folia alterna, petiolis 0.5-1.0 cm longis; laminae subcoriaceae anguste ovatae 12-20 cm longae 2.5-5.0 cm latae base breviter acutae vel obtusae ad anguste subrotundatae margine integrae apice anguste acutae vel acuminatae supra dense subtiliter rugulosae minute sericeae subtus sublanulosae, nervis secundanis leniter arcuatis utrinque ca. 13 subtus valde exsculptis. Inflorescentiae terminales multo ramosae et ramulosae, ramis et ramulis seriate cymosis, internodis hirtellis vel velutinis, bracteolis subnullis vel foliiformibus ad 3 cm longis. Capitula sessilia plerumque in nodis singula aut bina late campanulata 7-8 mm alta et ca. 8 mm lata; bracteae involucn ca. 50 subimbnicatae ca. 5-seriatae appressae anguste ovatae vel oblongo-lanceolatae 1-5 mm longae 0.7-1.0 mm latae exteriores apice acutae intenores apice anguste oblongae obtusae vel anguste rotundatae interdum reflexae extus leniter sericeae. Flores ca. 20 in capitulo; corollae albae vel lavandulo-tinctae 5.5-6.0 mm longae, tubis 2.5-3.0 mm longis glabns, faucibus ca. 1 mm longis glabris, lobis ca. 2.3 mm longis apice dense breviter spiculiferis extus solum subapice spiculiferis margine e basem in seriebus exterioribus et intenioribus breviter spiculiferis; thecae antherarum ca. 2.3 mm longae; appendices apicales antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.5 mm longae 0.16 mm latae. Achenia ca. 1.8 mm longa senceo-setulifera obscure vel non idioblastifera, raphidis elongatis; setae pappi flavescentes ca. 6.5 mm longae apice leniter latiores; squamae exteriores 0.6-1.0 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 40 wm, typi C. The species is named for Marko Lewis, a bryologist in Bolivia who is now well Known for his collections of plants. The new species is related to Lepidaploa beckii of Bolivia with similar spicules along the inner and outer edges of the corolla lobes. Lepidaploa lewisii differs by the less bullate upper leaf surfaces of the leaves, the narrower less rounded leaf bases and the heads solitary or only paired at most nodes of the seriate cymes. Lepidaploa pseudomuricata H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Serra da Boa Vista, Sao José, 700 m, 12 Dec. 1960, capoeira, Reitz & Klein 10614 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotypes: HBR,LP). PARATYPES: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Trés Barras, Garuva, S. Francisco do Sul, 50 m, 28 Feb. 1956, capoeira, Reitz & Klein 6521 (HBR,LP,US). Plantae herbaceae erectae ad 1.5 m altae; caules a 0.9 cm lati distincte valde exarati dense puberuli, medullis latis. Folia alterna saepe remota, petiolis nullis vel ca. 7 mm longis; laminae tenuiter herbaceae lanceolatae 5-11 cm longae 0.8-1.4 cm latae base acutae margine remote denticulatae apice anguste acutae vel leniter acuminatae supra evanescentiter albo-sericeae subtus distincte pallidiores dense tenuiter albo-sericeae; nervis secundaniis utrinque ca. 7 valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae terminales et in axilis superioribus ascendentiter Robinson: New combinations and species in Vernonieae 396 ramosae, ramis stnatis puberulis, internodis distalioribus brevioribus, bracteolis foliiformibus lanceolatis 1.5-6.0 cm longis. Capitula in nodis solitana sessilia 9-13 mm alta 8-12 mm lata; involucra late campanulata; bracteae involucn 30-35 subimbncatae 3-4-seriatae appressae ovatae vel lineari-lanceolatae 2-6 mm longae extenores pungentes extus puberulae inteniores apice breviter acutae extus perminute puberulae. Flores 20-25 in capitulo; corollae rosaceae ca. 12 mm longae plerumque glabrae, tubis ca. 5.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 0.5 mm longis, lobis ca. 6 mm longis 0.5 mm latis apice pauce minute glanduliferis; thecae antherarum ca. 4 mm _ longae; appendices apicales antherarum ca. 0.8 mm longae 0.24 mm latae. Achenia ca. 2.7 mm longa dense setulifera, raphidis elongatis; carpopodia subglobosa; setae pappi albae 8.5-9.0 mm longae; squamae exteriores ca. 1.5 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro 50 um, typi C. Lepidaploa pseudomuricata has been treated as L. muricata in the treatment of the Vernonieae of Santa Catarina by Cabrera & Klein (1980), and it may be closely related to that species. The latter species, of the Rio de Janeiro area, differs by the narrower more terete stems, the hirsute stems and branches of the inflorescence, the more evenly capituliferous and arching branches of the inflorescence and the more spiniform and distally hirsute and spreading outer bracts of the involucre. The corollas of the latter are only ca. 9 mm long and the lobe tips have many small spicules instead of glands. Lepidaploa sanmartinensis H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: PERU. San Martin: Prov. de Lamas, Trocha Agua Blanca - Desquite, alt. 250-300 m, 24 Julio 1950, Ferreyra 7962 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: USM). PARATYPES: PERU. San Martin: Hills above Chazuta, W of Quebrada Chazuta, tropical wet fovest and second growth on red clay, 6° 34’ S, 76° 12’ W, 200-300 m, 28 Aug. 1986, Knapp 8171 (MO,US). Plantae frutescentes 4-5 m altae mediocriter ramosae; caules teretes fauce striati sparce appresse sericei. Folia alterna, petiolis 0.7-1.1 cm longis; laminae subcarnosae virides ovatae 6-17 cm longae 2-7 cm latae base obtiisae vel breviter acutae margine remote minute serrulatae apice acuminalae supra sparse evanescentiter breviter sericeae subtus leniter pallidiores sparce breviter sericeae et glandulo-punctatae, nervis secundanis utnnque ca. 8 leniter arcuatis. Inflorescentiae terminales et in axillis superioribus multo ramosae, ramis ramosis cymosis, bracteolis supra basem obscuris. Capitula sessilia 10- 12 mm alta 12-15 mm lata; involucra late campanulata; bracteae involucn 50-60 subimbricatae ca. 5-seriatae chartaceae ovatae vel anguste oblongae 2-7 mm longae: 1.0-1.5 mm latae extenores apice pungentes intenores apice rotundatae mucronatae leniter erosae extus leniter sericeae vel glabrae. Flores ca. 20 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae ca. 7.5 mm longae, tubis ca. 3 mm longis glabris, faucibus ca. 1.5 mm longis extus glabris vel perpauce pilosulis, lobis ca. 3 mm longis extus et intus spiculifens; thecae antherarum ca. 3.1 mm longae in connectivis glanduliferae base distincte breviter caudatae, appendices apicales antherarum lanceolatae ca. 0.7 mm longae 0.22 mm latae glanduliferae. Achenia ca. 4 mm longa dense breviter setulifera et idioblastifera, raphidis minutis sparcis elongatis; setae pappi albae ca. 6.5 mm longae apice non 397 PHY TOLOGTA volume 78(5):384-399 May 1995 lateriores; squamae exteriores lineares 1.0-1.5 mm longae. Grana pollinis in diametro 45-47 um, typi C. Lepidaploa sanmartinensis has a superficial resemblance to Dasyanthina H. Rob. and Quechualia H. Rob., especially Q. fulta (Griseb.) H. Rob., which occurs as far north as central Peru. The new species differs most obviously in the seniate-cymose inflorescence branches bearing sessile heads, but also differs microscopically in the lophate pollen. A distinctive feature of the new species is the spicules on both the inside and outside of the corolla lobes, a condition seen also in Dasyanthina. The spicules are unlike those in members of the L. beckii group of Bolivia in not occurring along the lobe margins. The species is unusual in Lepidaploa by the glands on the anther connectives and appendages. Lessingianthus hatschbachii H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra do Cabral (mun. Varzea da Palma), alt. 1000 m, 12 Mar. 1995, Hatschbach & Silva 61792 (HOLOTYPE: MBM; Isotype: US). Plantae frutescentes ad 1 m altae mediocniter ramosae; caules glabri minute pustulati. Folia alterna, petiolis subnullis vel 1 mm_ longis; laminae subconaceae oblongo-lanceolatae plerumque 3-7 cm longae 1-2 cm latae base obtusae margine minute serrulatae apice acutae supra glabrae in nervis et nervulis dense reticulatae micro-foveolatae subtus glabrae glandulo-punctatae leniter glaucescentes, nervis secundanis utrinque 10-12 arcuatis minume exsculptis. Inflorescentiae terminales pinnate ramosae apice et in ramis dense seriate cymosae, ramis bracteiferis, bracteolis foliiformibus oblongis 14-24 mm longis 8-14 mm latis. Capitula sessilia cylindnca 11-12 mm alta ca. 5 mm lata; bracteae involucn brunnescentes 40-45 subimbricatae ca. 5-seriatae lanceolatae 3-7 mm longae 1.0-1.5 mm latae apice anguste acutae sensim patentes extus glabrae. Flores ca. 10 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae ca. 8 mm longae extus glabrae, tubis ca. 4 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1 mm longis, lobis ca. 3 mm longis; thecae antherarum ca. 2.8 mm longae; appendices apicales antherarum anguste ovatae ca. 0.7 mm longae 0.25 mm latae. Achenia ca. 3 mm longa dense setulifera et idioblastifera; setae pappi pallide flavescentes ca. 6.5 mm longae apice leniter latiores. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 45 um, typi B. Lessingianthus hatschbachii is distinct in its oblong-lanceolate essentially glabrous leaves with minutely serrulate margins, and its narrowly acute involucral bracts with somewhat spreading tips. Minasia splettiae H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: estrada Diamantina - Conselheiro Mata, 20.3 km depois do asfalto, 18° 20’ S, 43° 53’ W, alt. ca. 1200 m, 23 Sept. 1994, Splett625 (HOLOTYPE: US; Isotypes: BONN, UB). Robinson: New combinations and species in Vernonieae 398 Plantae herbaceae perennes dense rosulatae; xylopodia obconica; caules nulli. Folia in basibus laterioribus persistentibus extus hirsutis valde aggregata, laminis linearibus vel filiformibus ad 10 cm longis 1-2 mm latis supra et subtus dense appresse albo-tomentosis, pilis T-formibus, nervis primariis solum distinctis. Inflorescentiae 1-3 erectae 0.15-0.50 m altae non ramosae vel superne uniramosae dense appressae sordide vel fulve tomentosae pauce bracteoliferae, bracteolis filiformibus 1-3 cm longis plerumque in partibus inferioribus inflorescentium dispositis. Capitula solitana vel 2-4 aggregata 1.0-1.2 cm alta 0.8-1.0 cm lata; bracteae involucn ca. 40 subimbricatae ca. 5-seriatae oblongae vel lineares 1.5-5.0 mm longae 1.0-1.5 mm latae distaliter albo-tomentosae apice patentes dense fimbriatae. Flores 12- 15 in capitulo; corollae 8.5 mm longae albae vel roseo-tinctae extus plerumque sparse glanduliferae, tubis ca. 4 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1 mm longis, lobis ca. 3.5 mm longis ca. 0.8 mm latis extus distaliter dense glandulo-punctats et T-formiter pilosis; thecae antherarum ca. 3.2 mm longae base breviter caudatae; appendices apicales antherarum ca. 0.7 mm longae. Achenia ca. 3 mm longa sericeo-setulifera sparce idioblastifera base pauce glandulo-punctata; setae pappi roseaceae 1.5-6.0 mm longae longiores distaliter leniter laterores. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 50 ym, typi A. The species is named for the collector, Stephanie Plett, of the Botanisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich- Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Bonn, Germany. The Eriocaulon-like specimen with its linear or filiform leaves and small heads cannot be simply a depauperate form of the larger members of the genus Minasia that occur in the same geographical area. The specimen is cited from the “Cerrado, zampos de areas quartzosas” on sand. Stilpnopappus pantanalensis H. Rob., spec. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Mun. Corumbé4, Fazenda Alegria, Nhecolandia, pantanal, 20 Aug. 1991, Cervi, et al. 3229 (HOLOTYPE: MBM; Isotype: US). PARATYPES: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Estr. para Nhecolandia, pantanal, 29 Jan 1979, Oliveira 467 (RJ,US); Fda. Nhuminm (Mun. Corumba4, solo arenoso inunda vel do pantanal, 11 June 1994, Hatschbach, Pott, & Silva 60918 (MBM,US). Plantae herbaceae prostratae mediocnter vel dense ramosae caulis longe vel breviter albo-sericei. Folia alterna non vel breviter petiolata; laminae lineares 2- 8 cm longae 0.2-0.7 cm latae base angustiores margine integrae apice breviter acutae supra sparce pilosulae subtus dense albo-tomentosae, nervis primerils solum distinctis. Inflorescentiae axillares ascendentes monocephalae, pedunculis 5-10 cm longis pallide sericeibus. Capitula 1.0-1.2 cm alta 1.2-1.5 cm lata’ bracteae involucni basilares foliosae et lineares vel in apicem folicsae 0.5-2.0 cm longae extus dense albo-tomentosae; bracteae involucn interiores 20-25 chartaceae 2-3-seriatae leniter inaequilongae oblongae 3-5 mm longae 1.5-2.0 mm latae. Flores 20-25 in capitulo; corollae lilaceae 9-10 mm longae extus glandiferae; glandulis brevibus cylindraceis, tubis angustis ca. 4.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1 mm longis, lobis ca. 4.5 mm longis 0.8-1.0 mm latis; thecae antherarum ca. 1.3 mm longae base rotundatae; appendices apicales antherarum ellipticae ca. 0.35 mm longae 0.18 mm latae; basi stylorum | | 399 Vals Ih OE OMG AN volume 78(5):384-399 May 1995 nodulifen. Achenia ca. 1.8 mm longa setulifera et glandulifera, raphidis quadratis vel breviter oblongis; squamae pappi biseriatae, squamis extenoribus ellipticis 1.8-2.5 mm longis, squamis intenoribus subulatis 2.8-3.5 mm longis. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 45 xm echinolophata triporata. The new species is similar to Stilpnopappus trichospiroides Mart. ex DC., but has a more prostrate habit and linear leaves. Stilpnopappus pantanalensis is found in the pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul and may eventually be found in nearby eastern Paraguay. LITERATURE CITED Cabrera, A.L. & R.M. Klein. 1980. Flora ilustrada catarinense, | parte, AS plantas, fasc. COMP: Compositae 3. Tnbo: Vemonieae. Itajai, Herbdnio “Barbosa Rodniques” 1980:225-408. Jones, S.B., Jr. 1973. Revision of Vernonia section Eremosis (Compositae) in North America. Bnittonia 25:86-115. Robinson, H. 1994. New combinations in American Vemonieae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 76:27-29. Phytologia (May 1995) 78(5):400-401. A NEW SPECIES OF FLAVERIA (ASTERACEAE, HELENIEAE) FROM OAXACA, MEXICO B.L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A new species of Flaveria from Oaxaca, México, F. kochiana B.L. Turner, spec. nov., is described. It is remarkable for its closely packed, terminal heads each cluster of which superficially resembles a single head (i.e., a syncephalum). The species is seemingly most closely related to F. angustifolia but is distinguished by a number of characters, most notably by the syncephalous capitulescence and very narrow entire leaves. KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Helenieae, Flaveria, México, Oaxaca Powell (1979) rendered an excellent taxonomic account of the genus Flaveria, recognizing 21 species, most of these occurring in México. The present description adds an additional, presumably quite localized endemic to the genus, the taxon occurring in a region where at least five or six other, relatively localized species Gccur. FLAVERIA KOCHIANA B.L. Turner, spec. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Mpio. San Agustin Atenango, 14 km al SO de San Marcos Arteaga, carr. Huajuapa - Juxtlahuaca, 1770 m, 23 Nov 1989, §.D. Koch y P.A. Fryxell 89221 (HOLOTYPE: TEX; 9 isotypes to be distributed by the collectors). Flaveriae angustifoliae (Cav.) Pers. similis sed differt foliis linean- lanceolatis 2-5 mm latis (vs. elliptici-lanceolatis 10-22 mm latis) et capitulis in capitulescentiis arcte congestis capitulis singulis similibus (i.e., syncephala) dispositis. Perennial suffruticose herbs 30 cm high or more. Leaves opposite, connate, mostly 4-9 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm wide, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, or sparsely puberulous at the very base, the margins entire. Stems pubescent in lines but soon glabrescent, the internodes numerous and short (0.6-2.0 cm long). Heads densely congested into a compact terminal syncephalum, not at all forming a recognizable 400 401 PHY TOLOGTA volume 78(5):400-401 May 1995 branching system. Receptacle naked, glabrous. Involucre of 3-4 scarious bracts ca. 3 mm high. Ray florets yellow, pistillate, fertile, present in most of the heads, sometimes not; ligules 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, yellow. Disk florets (2-)3-4 per head, fertile; corollas yellow, glabrous throughout; tubes 1.0-1.5 mm long, glabrous; _ throat (including lobes) 1.0-1.5 mm long, glabrous. Achenes of disk and ray florets similar, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous, epappose. Flaveria kochiana will key to or near F. angustifolia (Cav.) Pers. in Powell's treatment (1979). It is markedly different from F. angustifolia in possessing very narrow leaves and a syncephalous capitulescence. Additionally, the individual heads of F. kochiana have fewer florets (mostly 3-4 vs. 5-7) with glabrous tubes (vs. puberulent). It is a pleasure to name this remarkably distinct species in honor of Prof. S.D. Koch who has well served México in assembling a large number of plant collections at the School of graduate studies in Chapingo. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Dr. Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis, and to him and Piero Delprete for reviewing the paper. REFERENCES Powell, A.M. 1979. Systematics of Flaveria (Flaveriinae - Asteraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65:590-636. Phytologia (May 1995) 78(5S):402-403. PALHINHAEA CERNUA (L.) VASCONCELLOS & FRANCO (LYCOPODIACEAE) NEW TO TEXAS B.R. MacRoberts & M.H. MacRoberts Bog Research, 740 Columbia, Shreveport, Louisiana 71104 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Palhinhaea cernua previously unreported in Texas has been found on the Angelina National Forest in Jasper County. KEY WORDS: Palhinhaea cernua, Texas, Lycopodiaceae Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Vasconcellos & Franco {SY = Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pichi Sermolli, Lycopodium cernuum L.}, although probably the world’s most common club-moss (Wagner & Beitel 1993) with a range that includes both the Old and New World tropics and subtropics (McVaugh 1992), is rare in the Gulf Coastal Plain and especially rare in the West Gulf Coastal Plain. It has not been reported from Texas (Thieret 1980; Lellinger 1985; MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1993; Wagrer & Beitel 1993; Bill Carr, Texas Natural Hentage Program, pers. comm., Stanley D. Jones, Botanical Research Center [BRCH], pers. comm.). On August 3, 1995, while conducting a survey for rare plants on the Angelina National Forest, we found two specimens of Palhinhaea cernua in Texas. Both had erect branching shrub-like stems with developing strobili at the branch ends. They were growing within a meter of each other in a hillside pitcher plant bog on we. but not inundated, sand in full sun. Associated species were Sarracenia alata Wood, Aletris aurea Walt., Drosera capillaris Poir., Osmunda regalis L., Sphagnum sp., Rhynchospora oligantha A. Gray, Eriocaulon decangulare L., Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill, Xyris spp., and other typical bog species (Nixon & Ward 1986). This bog is located about 21 km SE of Zavalla on the Angelina National Forest, Jasper County. It is about 125 km SW of the species’ nearest known location in Natchitoches’ Parish, Louisiana (Thomas ef. al 1978), making Jasper County the westemmost station for the species. Since we found only two stems, we did not collect but documented the species photographically (MacRoberts & MacRoberts 2860 [ASTC], [VDB], [BRCH], [LSUS]) and by independent identification in the field by another botanist (Robert E. Evans). MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Palhinhaea cernua in Texas 403 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Rob Evans, Ecologist/Botanist, USDA Forest Service, National Forests and Grasslands in Texas, aided in all phases of this work. The plants were found while we were engaged in a Challenge Cost-Share Agreement with the National Forests and Grasslands in Texas. We would like to especially thank Bill Carr and Stanley Jones for information about the distribution of Palhinhaea cernua and for their comments on an earlier version of this note. LITERATURE CITED Lellinger, D.B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. MacRoberts, B.R. & M.H. MacRoberts. 1993. Flomistics of a bog in Vernon Parish, Louisiana, with comments on noteworthy bog plants in western Louisiana. Phytologia 75:247-258. McVaugh, R. 1992. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico. Vol. 17: Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes. The University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Nixon, E.S. & J.R. Ward. 1986. Hloristic composition and management of east Texas pitcher plant bogs. Jn: D.L. Kulhavy & R.W. Conner (eds.). Wilderness and Natural Areas in the Eastern United States: A Management Challenge. Center for Applied Studies, School of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. pp 283-287. Thieret, J.W. 1980. Louisiana Ferns and Fern Allies. Lafayette Natural History Museum, Lafayette, Louisiana. Thomas, R.D., W.C. Holmes, C.M. Allen, & G. Landry 1978. Lycopodium cernuum in Louisiana. American Fern Journal. 68:96. Wagner, W.H. & J.M. Beitel. 1993. Lycopodiaceae. Jn: Flora of North America Editonal Committee (eds.). Flora of North America, Vol. 2, eds. Oxford University Press, New York, New York. pp. 18-37. NOW AVAILABLE, PHYTOLOGIA MEMOIRS, Volume 9 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HERBARIA TYPE REGISTER CAROL A. TODZIA 1994, 8 1/4 x 10 3/4 IN., 288 PP., $17.95, ISBN 0-9642085-0-4. A comprehensive listing of the type specimens found in the University of Texas at Austin Herbaria (LL, TEX). Each specimen fully documented with taxonomic, locality, and publication information. An invaluable reference for anyone requinng information on type specimens from the United States and Latin Amenca (where the majonity of the specimens onginated). 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