; Lind- | Plantae . heimerianae ; - i | ag ") i coe © | Ea Src Tete ed aus + at A Te pated gee = s +e i) me bed . : » ~ en za - . See ee ; " ch bees y a” op, ey >" J shady ie le ae ag, Ra sich lana fa a! - 5 ay? - 5a ? = » 5 “an a: A a JPivime » the, ~ - eee ae at Tw pe ew a a a aa —#? "ind Tait 7 bo > . iicfeaha due Vad bsteaet veges Din Peis Lip ce eee é ai en ers. pares apifee Pas aa Ct Rabe eS a eT a ee eS Re ee S ets an Fn ems ome PRR | Plantae Lindhei meria nae fenfi ee ‘ . Par i : ntact el ta =the tt —_ ahi he By . Aon Ravore of x Mt Bosna Gi z oe al ee ey is Cates ae POEs pen eT A ve . ig ome Pe hs tite teers Ja ke ie iy sare. peer, at Pie < ‘ oy <<" ¥ “~ t Boe rash tn ert Pin) gee - ee RUE Ea aguas wie dete tithe rh 02 Ve r Fh wy rS >» Tea, Ter NEW YORK BOTANIC PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAE. GARDEN, LIBRARY Giveh by N. L. BRITTO) | Vit, PART TE, BY J. W. BLANKINSHIP. On the death of Dr. George Engelmann his entire herbarium was presented to the Missouri Botanical Garden by his son, Dr. George J. Engelmann, and became the nucleus of the herbarium of that institution. Among the duplicates that came with the Engelmann herbarium was a considerable num- ber of Lindheimer’s Texas plants, which were at first supposed to be the undistributed portion of the exsiccatae described in “Plantae Lindheimerianae,” but later it was found that they were an undistributed collection made subsequent to the specimens described in that publication and represented the work of Mr. Lindheimer during the years 1849, 1850 and 1851. At the suggestion of the Director of the Garden, these collec- tions have been carefully studied during the present year, and this paper prepared to complete the work of the first two parts of Plantae Lindheimerianae and render the data there contained more accessible to those concerned with the flora. of Texas and regions adjacent, while the plants themselves have been labeled and laid out into sets for distribution to correspondents of the Botanical Garden. This final col- lection of Mr. Lindheimer proves to be of considerable im- portance, not only from its historical interest, but also from the fact that it contains a large number of the type collections, since described in various publications and many more from the type locality, made by the original discoverer of the species, while the great majority of the species are relatively rare in many of our herbaria, the older distributions having gone largely to Europe. The plants themselves are in a fairly good state of preservation, considering the lapse of more than half a century since their collection, the ravages of the usual herbarium pests and the accidents of transportation and storage during this time. (123) AL 124 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Mr. Lindheimer, it appears, began collecting and studying the flora of Texas immediately upon his arrival there in 1836, but it was not till about 1842, after the political conditions became more settled, that he collected in any quantity, and early in the following year Dr. George Engelmann suggested to Gray that they codperate with Lindheimer by naming and distributing his collections of Texas plants, so as to enable him to devote his whole time to this work and thus advance the cause of science in a land then almost wholly unknown botanically. The outcome of this undertaking was the col- lection of four fascicles of plants bearing the numbers 1 to 754, and the publication of the first two parts of Plantae Lindheimerianae describing a part of them. Fascicle I con- tained 214 species collected in 18438; Fascicle II represented the 1844 collection with nos. 215-318; Fascicle III consisted of nos. 319-574 of 1845-6; and Fascicle IV, comprising nos. 575-754, was collected in 1847-8. The specimens of the collection of 1849-1851, here treated, were probably intended to form Fascicle V. It appears that the first two fascicles were issued in about 20 sets, only some 9 of which were at all full, while Fascicle IV contained about 40 sets.* The col- lection of 1849-1851 contains about 650 numbers and there * The following appear to have been subscribers for the whole or part of the first four fascicles of the “‘Flora Texana Exsiccata,”’ as shown by Gray’s unpublished letters to Engelmann: Alexander, Dr.; England. Kew Gardens; England. Bentham, George; England. Lamson, Prof.; Kingston, Canada. Boissier Herbarium; Geneva. Leman. Braun, Alexander; Berlin. Lowell, John A.; Cambridge, Mass. British Museum; London. Oakes, William; Ipswich, Mass. Buckley, S. B.; Texas. Olney, 8. T.; Providence, R. I. Carey, S. T.; New York. Saunders, William; England. Cleaveland, Prof. P.; Brunswick, Me. Shuttleworth, R. J.; England. Durand, Elias. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Engelmann, George; St. Louis, Mo. Stevens. Fielding, H. B.; England. Sullivant, Wm. L.; Columbus, O. Gray, Asa; Cambridge, Mass. Thurber, George. Greene, B. D.; Boston. Torrey, John; New York. Harvey, Prof.; Dublin. Webb, Barker. Jardin des Plantes: Paris. PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAE. 125 will be some 50 sets for distribution, of which about 35 are fairly full. This last collection of Mr. Lindheimer is there- fore about as large as all the others together and duplicates a considerable number of their species. The more recent her- baria will consequently be fortunate in thus being able to secure representatives of this early Lindheimer set of exsic- catae. It appears to have been the original plan of Engelmann and Gray to give a number to each different species collected, but this was abandoned largely in the later fascicles and, in the present paper, a number has been assigned to each sepa- rate collection, as far as possible, thus ensuring a single lo- cality and date for each, while the whole has been printed on the label itself, instead of merely the number, as was the case with Fascicles I-IV, where the information was supposed to be supplied by the publication of Plantae Lindheimerianae and often several different collections of a species were issued under a single number. Unfortunately this publica- tion was left incomplete at the end of the Compositae (Bentham & Hooker sequence) for Fascicles III and IV, so that there have been no data given for numbers 449-574 (Fase. III) and 652-754 (Fasc. IV), as found in various herbaria, and these will be supplied in the present paper, as far as the numbered specimens in the Engelmann her- barium permit. Unfortunately the existence of these numbers beyond 651 of the Plantae Lindheimerianae was not discovered till the printing of the labels of the 1849-1851 collection was so far advanced as to make renumbering impracticable, so that the numbers 652-754 are duplicated in Fascicles IV and V, but this need cause no confusion, as the dates and different form of label will readily distinguish each in herbaria, while the difference in the orders covered (Lobeliaceae-Marsiliaceae of Fasc. IV and Ranunculaceae-Leguminosae of Fasc. V,— B. & H. sequence) will enable the two to be distinguished even in publication. A certain confusion has also arisen through authors quoting not only the exsiccatae numbers but also Lindheimer’s col- _ lection numbers, when these happened to be on specimens examined in the Engelmann herbarium, or occasionally found 126 MISSOURI BOTANIGAL GARDEN. elsewhere. Lindheimer gave a number to each collection in the field, usually with more or less data in German as to habitat, locality, date, etc., his numbers following in order of collection. Engelmann then arranged the collections by orders and species after the Bentham and Hooker sequence, and gave independent numbers to the exsiccatae, following this sequence. However, a large number of Lindheimer’s col- lections were never made in quantity, hence were never numbered for the exsiccatae and have only his own collection label in the Engelmann herbarium, and this must be re- membered in quoting Lindheimer specimens, only the Engel- mann label being printed. Throughout the present paper both numbers have been given, so as to enable the two to be identified, if needful, Lindheimer’s collection number being preceded by “L.” The purpose of the present paper is not only to give a list of the species of this last Lindheimer collection of 1849-1851, preliminary to their distribution, but also to enumerate the species of the missing numbers of parts I and II of Plantae Lindheimerianae, as far as such can be found, and to give an index to the whole, as an aid to other’ botanists interested in the flora of Texas. There will be added a brief account of the pioneer-botanist-editor, Lindheimer himself, the im- portance and magnitude of whose work has scarcely been _appreciated, and also a general bibliography of Texas botany. Considerable of the work of classification and determina- tion of the collections treated in this paper was done by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock some 15 years ago, and many of the deter- minations of Fascicles III and IV are by Engelmann and Gray, while I am indebted to Professor Trelease for advice and assistance in the preparation and arrangement of the work. Much of the data concerning the life and work of Mr. Lind- heimer has been supplied by his son, Mr. M. E. Lindheimer, of Austin, Texas, and his daughters, Mrs. Sida Peipers, of St. Louis, and Mrs. Anna Simon, of New Braunfels, Texas, without whose assistance many facts would have escaped my knowledge. PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAE. 124 LINDHEIMER, THE Boranist-EpIrTor. ‘i Unsere Handlungen werden jedoch nicht blos von einfachen Gedanken und Willensbeschlussen geleitet. Der Zufall, oder vielmehr die Macht der fusseren Ereignisse und gar mannichfaltige Nebengedanken haben eben- falls einen grossen Einfluss auf unsere Handlungen.’’—Lindheimer.* Though the name of Lindheimer is well known in the botanical and German editorial world, his actual personality and the events of his adventurous life are largely a matter of tradition. Special pains have therefore been taken to investigate his career and the influences determining its chief events and to present this modest, studious, Nature-loving editor and philosopher, as he appeared to those around him. Ferdinand Jacob Lindheimer was born in Frankfort-on-the- Main, May 21, 1801, and died at New Braunfels, Texas, Dec. 2, 1879. His father, Johann Hartmann Lindheimer, was a prosperous merchant of Frankfort, but died when his youngest son, Ferdinand, was yet a child. He was also related to the poet Goethe, whose maternal grandmother was the daughter of Attorney Lindheimer of the Imperial Chamber,t the ancestor of both, while the family itself is said to be de- rived from that of von Lindheim, one of its members having contracted a morganatic marriage and his descendants adopt- ing the name Lindheimer. The youth Ferdinand was given the best education obtain- able, attending a preparatory school in Berlin and finishing his education at Wiesbaden and Bonn, taking his degree at the latter university in 1827, after which he accepted a posi- tion in the Bunsen Institute (Erziehungsanstalt) in his native city and taught there till 1833, when it was closed by the government and both he and George Bunsen were compelled to emigrate, after the failure of the political conspiracy of April 3 of that year, in which they appear to have been im- plicated. * Aufsitze und Abhandlungen. p. 136. t Life of Goethe by A. Bielschowsky, trans. by W. A. Cooper. p. 10. New York. 1905. { This particular school of Bunsen was noted for its political activity, no less than six or its teachers being condemned between 1826 and 1833. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 18:697. Leipzig. 1883. 128 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Apparently young Lindheimer soon after closed out his business affairs, and, taking his patrimony, sailed for America early in the spring of 1834. He landed at New York;* took the steamer to Troy, went by way of the Erie Canal to Buffalo, across the lake by steamer and down the Ohio Canal from Cleveland to Portsmouth. From here a river steamer car- ried him down the Ohio and up the Mississippi to St. Louis, from which he went to the German settlement at Belleville, Illinois, where the Engelmanns, Hilgards, Koerner, and many others of his friends and fellow townsmen had entered farms and established homes. He gives an account of his life there himself,j a fair sample of his general style of composition: “In a forest in St. Clair County in the State of Illinois, stood an abandoned log-house, which eight young men, mostly newcomers, had chosen for their provisional dwelling. Not far distant from it was the hospitable farm of Forest- master E., who had arrived a short time before from Rhenish Bavaria with a numerous family. The eight young men shared the living expenses with them. I am convinced that each of the eight will still recall the pleasure of the moment when the tone of the ox-horn sounded through the forest, calling them to dinner with that kind family, which, like most families, consisted not wholly of male companions. ‘A great, carefully-planned drive-hunt, in which few wild animals were shot, moderately productive hunting for prairie- hens, and from time to time a rousing banquet, to which the neighbors were invited, shortened our time for us in a delight- ful manner. “Though this aimless and thoughtless life was for a time pleasant for all of us, yet it was not for the jar niente and the ‘aus der Tasche zehren nicht der Zweck,’ for which we had come to America. The forest and the prairie had already put on their pale autumnal mantle and a single ‘norther’ be- tokened the coming winter. The roof of our old log-cabin ' was so open that we could make astronomical observations from our beds, and the great chimney, in the last cold winter, * Trans. Ill. State Hist. Soc. for 1894. pp. 289-292. j Aufsaétze und Abhandlungen. pp. 78, 79. PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAE. 129 was so little able to warm the room that a certain doctor, who daily jotted down his notes, was compelled to use two pens, so that, by warming one after another, the ink would not freeze while writing. Who then can blame that, with such an outlook upon a North American winter, a horror jrigidus overcame us and an irresistible desire for the South overmastered us? “Yet once more we held a great ‘Commers,’ for which at this time (1834), the material had to be hauled from St. Louis, a day’s journey away. Out of the unhinged doors of our great log-house a long table was made and in the evening the courtyard was filled with the saddled horses of our guests, so that it appeared as if a squadron of cavalry had entered and was seated around our long table in a joyful banquet. “A few days later, six of the company, who were the fore- runners of a southern emigration, took passage on a steam- boat down the Mississippi with the intention of making an expedition on foot through Texas and Mexico.” During October the travelers lingered in New Orleans try- ing to find some way to get to Texas, which at this time was a terra incognita, the borderland between two hostile civiliza- tions and ravaged alternately by bandits and Indians, and not even a map of the country could be found. Three of their number became discouraged and returned to St. Louis, and so the trip overland with packhorses to the City of Mex- ico was reluctantly abandoned. While here, one Baron von Seefeld endeavored to enlist them in a filibustering expedi- tion to Mexico in an attempt to restore Bustamente to the Presidency, and another proposed that they accompany a vessel outfitting to search for the hidden treasure of the pirate Lafitte—another name for a marauding voyage against Mexican commerce. Finally they secured passage on a coast- ing schooner bound for Vera Cruz and soon found themselves in the tierra caliente of the tropics with the snow-clad Orizaba looming in the distance. | They waited here for a few days till a pack-train set out for the interior and accompanied it to the new German set- tlement at Cordoba. Here Lindheimer and Otto Friederich built themselves a cabin on a spur of Mt. Orizaba and made 9 130 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. collections in Natural History, particularly of insects, which later were sent back to Germany and acquired some note. After a time, however, the brothers, Otto and Eduard Fried- erich, purchased plantations, while Lindheimer managed a distillery on the sugar-plantation of Sartorius and Lavater, but after about a month a chance fire destroyed the cane- fields, and the works in consequence had to shut down. Lindheimer then formed a close friendship with a Mr. Griind- ler, who had a coffee plantation not far distant, and the two lived pleasantly for some time in their bachelor quarters on the estate. f It was about this time that the Texas uprising came and the Mexican papers were filled with bombastic articles against the Americans and the short work Santa Ana, “the Napo- leon of the West,’”’ would make of them, when once he should get his army there. Lindheimer was already disgusted with the unsettled conditions of Mexico and the consequent inse- curity of life and property, and convinced of the inherent incapacity of the Latin races to develop a strong and lasting civilization, while his Teutonic blood drew him to his cousins of the North, so after some sixteen months in Mexico, though several good positions were offered him there, he again set out for Vera Cruz and took the first vessel for New Orleans, after refusing a commission in the artillery in the Mexican Army of Invasion, offered by his friend, Colonel Holzinger. So crude was the knowledge of the sailing masters of those days that this particular ship was wrecked off Mobile, Ala- bama, while the captain confidently believed he was beating off Matamoros, and Lindheimer was compelled to swim to land. Arriving at Mobile, he enlisted at once in a company of volunteers forming to aid the Texas revolutionists. This company was composed mostly of Irishmen under command of Captain Robertson, and on its arrival in Texas was sta- tioned on Galveston Island, as a kind of coast defense in case Mexico should undertake to land troops at that point. This company was ordered by General Houston to join him, when he was concentrating his army for the battle of San Jacinto, but the battle was begun earlier than was expected and it did not reach him till the day after the battle, April 22, 1836. PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAE. 131 After the army was disbanded, Lindheimer seems* to have come north to St. Louis and spent the summer of 1839 and probably the following winter here, but the climate was too severe for his lungs and again he took up his residence in the new republic of Texas. He located near Houston and engaged in truck-farming (1840-1843), but the land proved poor and the business unprofitable, so, urged by his friend, Dr. George Engelmann of St. Louis, he decided to give up this work and devote himself to that of collecting the largely unknown flora of Texas and depend upon the sale of his specimens for a living. He had always been fond of botany and devoted much time to his favorite study while in the university with Engelmann and other botanists. He collected largely on his trip to Mexico and continued his botanical work even during the excitement of the Texas revolution, as many specimens in the Engelmann herbarium will attest, so that now, when in doubt as to his vocation in life, he naturally turned to that which he liked best, as long as it should afford him a means of livelihood. Moreover, the region in which he was situated was largely unknown botanically, only a few collectorst having previously visited it and the results of their work not having been published. The scattering collections already sent to Engelmann showed clearly the need of a scientific investiga- tion of the plants of this borderland between the American and Mexican floras, and he urged Dr. Gray, who was then just establishing the Botanical Garden at Cambridge, to join with him and Lindheimer in the exploitation of this unique flora. Accordingly advertisements were inserted in several botanical journals, and in the spring of 1843 Lindheimer began collect- ing plants in quantity for distribution. The first year he was not very successful, owing to various misfortunes, and a part of the collection of 1844 was lost in transmission, but the collections of 1843 and 1844, containing 318 numbers, were distributed as planned and their descrip- * A number of specimens in the Engelmann herbarium are labeled “St. Louis. 1839. Lindheimer,’” while similarly we find he was at San Felipe, Texas in March and New Orleans in April of that year on his way up. {+ Berlandier, Drummond, Riddell and Leavenworth. 132 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. tion was issued by Engelmann and Gray as Plantae Lind- heimerianae,* Part I, in 1845, while the collections of 1845 to 1848 were in part described in 1850 as Part II of the same. The collaboration of Engelmann and Gray in this publication led to a life-long friendship between them and proved of the greatest advantage to both in the prosecution of their scien- tific work. Gray with his larger herbarium and library did many of the critical determinations for Engelmann, while the latter kept more in touch with the various exploring expedi- tions, which made St. Louis their outfitting point, and sup- plied many of the field botanists to accompany them, and his critical studies in some of the most difficult genera are still regarded as classics in botany. Indeed the influence of Engelmann in the study of the flora of the Middle West is marked and the great work done in America by the German botanists of the last century deserves more than passing notice. No one can do much in systematic botany in America with- out soon becoming acquainted with the names of Engelmann, Lindheimer, Geyer, Fendler, Wislizenus, Gattinger, Hilgard, Liiders, Riehl, Rugel, Eggert and a host of others of German origin. Many of these, like Engelmann and Lindheimer, were trained in the German universities and came to America to secure the freedom denied them in their native land. Others, as Maximilian and Roemer, simply made scientific expeditions into unexplored regions of the United States and published the results of their work on their return to Germany, while many others devoted their spare moments to botany through mere love of Nature, without intention of publica- tion or hope of reward, and it was these that turned to Engel- mann for encouragement and assistance in their work. Geyer, Fendler and Lindheimer did practically all their work in co- operation with Engelmann, while many other botanists of German descent looked to him for assistance in their botanical * Plantae Lindheimerianae, Part I, was issued about Sept. 23, 1845 and Part II about May 27, 1850, as shown by Gray’s unpublished letters to Engelmann: the names given in part I therefore antedate those of Scheele in vols. 21 and 22 of Linnaea and in Part II all those of Scheele subsequently published. PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAE. 133 difficulties, and the accumulated labors of these collectors and students have made known to the world a great part, probably the greater part, of the native flora of the western United States. The half-century succeeding the Napoleonic wars was a period of great unrest in Germany. Napoleon’s policy had tended to break down the smaller German principalities and to arouse a feeling of resistance and unity among the various political groups speaking the German tongue, while the suc- cess of the French people in their several popular insurrec- tions inspired their neighbors also with the hope of freedom. This desire for political rights and national unity led to the uprising of 1830 and the revolution of 1848, and finally re- sulted in giving the Germans a constitution and a united Fatherland. Yet, while this struggle was going on, there was a large and continuous stream of German emigration, greatly increased after each political disturbance. America received the greater part of these exiles, who settled chiefly about Milwaukee, St. Louis and Cincinnati. This constant absorption by the Anglo-Saxon race of the strongest and most independent of the German blood finally became a source of solicitude to those who had the good of the Fatherland at heart and led in 1844 to the formation of a company of twenty-five German princes and nobles entitled the ‘Verein zum Schutze deutscher Auswanderer in Texas,” usually called the Adelsverein or Mainz Company, which had for its object “‘To conduct the German emigration, as far as possible, to a single favorable selected point, to assist the emi- grant upon his distant journey and in his new home and to work for strength therein, that a new home shall be secured for them beyond the sea;’* the evident intention being to Germanize Texas, then a republic with a small cosmopolitan population, and to keep the emigrants in touch with the Fatherland. Prince Carl zu Solms-Braunfels, whose speeches and writ- * Roemer, “‘Texas.’’ 20-41.—Penniger’s ‘‘ Geschichte des Adelsverein.””— Tex. State Hist. Assoc. Quarterly. 3; 33-40.—Kuno Damian von Schutz, “Texas Rathgeber fiir Auswanderer nach diesem Lande.’’ Wiesbaden. 1846. pp. 135-232.—Solms-Braunfels, ‘‘Texas.’”” Frankfort. 1846. 134 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. ings had aroused great enthusiasm for this scheme of coloni- zation, was appointed General Commissioner for the Company and came to Texas in May, 1844, to prepare the way for the expected immigration. He purchased a grant of land in what is now Comal County, and when the first instalment of five ships and 150 families arrived at Galveston in November, 1844, he conducted them to Port Lavaca and then up the Guadalupe to its junction with Comal Creek, where he founded the city of Neu Braunfels, named for his old German home, and erected his “castle”? upon an eminence near by, ~ after the old German custom. Mr. Lindheimer, learning of this effort at German coloniza- tion, met the immigrants on their arrival on the coast, was gladly received into the company on account of his local knowledge, and assigned a share in the land-allotment at New Braunfels, where he thereafter made his home. There is a good description of Lindheimer at this time in Roemer’s “‘Texas’”’ (p. 133): “Tn the first days of my sojourn in New Braunfels I formed an acquaintance, which was highly prized and very agreeable during the whole time I remained there, and to which I now look back with special pleasure. “At the end of the village and at some distance from the last houses stood, half-hidden amid a clump of elms and oaks and hard by the brink of Comal Creek, a cabin or small house, which, with its enclosed garden in front, afforded by its appear- ance and position a true picture of the idyl. As I for the first time approached this simple, rustic habitation, I beheld be- fore the entrance of the cottage a man busily engaged in splitting wood and apparently not unaccustomed to this labor. So far as the thick black beard, which covered his whole face, permitted it to be seen, he appeared to be a man at the beginning of the 40’s. He wore a blue blouse open in front, yellow leather breeches and coarse shoes, such as are customary with farmers in this country. Beside him lay two beautiful brown-spotted bird dogs and fastened to one of the neighboring trees was a dark-colored pony. “According to the description, the man could only be the one for whom I sought and who answered me in the language PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAE. 135 of a cultured man, though in a mild, almost shy-sounding voice, which ill accorded with his rough exterior, and whose answer to my direct question, confirmed my supposition. It was the botanist, Mr. Ferdinand Lindheimer from Frankfort- on-the-Main. Residing in Texas for a considerable time he had by several years’ zealous plant-collecting acquired a permanent scientific reputation, as regards the botanical knowledge of Texas, which had before been almost totally unknown and had been visited transiently but once before by an English botanist named Drummond. “After Lindheimer had received at the German schools and universities the best available scientific education and spec- ial training in the ancient classics, he taught for atime in one of the higher educational institutions, but his dissatisfaction with the political condition of his native land for more than a decade and perhaps also his thirst for adventure drove him beyond the sea. He went first with several congenial com- panions to Mexico and lived there for some time in the neighborhood of the charmingly situated Jalapa upon the produce of a pine-apple and banana plantation, and went later to Texas, in order to take part as a volunteer in the lat- ter part of the Texas war for independence against Mexico. “After the close of this war he endeavored to live for some time as a farmer and to improve a farm, but this manner of life also did not appeal to him, and he decided, particularly at the urging of a friend in St. Louis, to gratify his inclina- tion from earliest youth, a cherished delight for botany, and at the same time make it a means of livelihood. He bought a two-wheeled covered cart with a horse, loaded it with a pack of pressing-paper and a supply of the most indispensable pro- visions, namely, flour, coffee and salt, and then set forth into the wilderness, armed with his rifle and with no other com- panion than his two hunting dogs, while he occupied himself with collecting and pressing plants and depended for his sub- sistence mainly upon the results of the chase, often passing whole months at a time without seeing a human being. “When, then, in the late fall of 1844, the first large train of German immigrants under the leadership of Prince Solms arrived in Texas, Lindheimer joined them and was joyfully 136 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. received by the new comers, as a man with knowledge and experience of the country. He went with them to Comal Creek and when the city of Neu Braunfels was founded here in the spring of the following year, renouncing all other claims to land, he asked of Prince Solms for himself a spot of ground, small and worthless, but charmingly situated upon the steep bank of the incomparably beautiful Comal Creek, and here he built a little cabin and began now, with more leisure and convenience than he had ever before enjoyed in Texas, to explore systematically the rich and, for the most part, still unknown flora of the country around him. “He was soon convinced, however, that he could not col- lect plants effectively and at the same time conduct his do- mestic affairs properly, however simple they might be. If, for example, he returned home of an evening all tired out with plant-collecting, he still found it necessary to prepare his own supper; if he tore his clothing among the thick bushes of the river forest, he himself must take up his needle and thread and repair the damage; if he needed a clean shirt, he had to go down to the river and wash it. He chose the right means to thoroughly remove all these inconveniences of his lonely bachelorhood. He sought for himself a consort and found her in a daughter of one of the recently arrived immigrants. The cabin on the Comal* has proven sufficiently large for two and everything goes on therein aecording to wish, though in primitive simplicity.” This account by Roemer, though inaccurate in some par- ticulars, represents fairly well the difficulties under which Lindheimer labored at this time in the midst of his botanical work. He was married to Eleonore Reinarz of Aachen at San Antonio in 1846, and two sons and two daughters re- sulted from this union, all of whom are still alive. Lindheimer and Roemer made many botanical excursions together during 1846 and the value of the latter’s collections * Though a new and more commodious home was later erected beside the ‘‘cabin on the Comal” to meet the exigencies of an increasing family, this little log hut of pioneer days long remained as the oldest building in New Braunfels. The accompanying picture is from an aquarelle by Mr, Henry E. Peipers, a son-in-law of Lindheimer; copied by permission, g {Teper ay ong , =P. scaposus DC. Quercus cinerea 54 texana 193 virens 26 see Q. virginiana virginiana 193, 194 as Q. virens 26 Ranunculus macranthus 160 as R. repens macranthus 141 oblongifolius as R. texensis 2 pusillus Lindheimeri as R. trachyspermus var. 3 repens macranthus 141 see R. macranthus terensis =R. oblongifolius Ell. trachyspermus 3 trachyspermus Lindheimeri 3 ==R. pusillus Lindheimeri Gray 219 Rhamnus carolinianus 33, 163 lanceolatus 33 Rhus copallina lanceolata 158 see R. copallina leucantha copallina leucantha 158, 164 as R. copallina lanceolata 158 microphylla 165 Toxicodendron 159 trilobata 164 virens 158, 164 Rbhynchosia menispermoides 6, 168 minima 6, 31, 168 texana 171, 168 texana angustifolia 168 Riccia fluitans 158 Ricinella myricaefolia see Bernardia myricaefolia 148 Rivina laevis 189 portulaccoides 51, 189 Rosa foliolosa 186 Rottboellia cylindrica as Tripsacum cylindricum 55 Roulinia unifaria 143, 182 Rubus trivialis 168 Rudbeckia alismaefolia 12 amplexicaulis as Dracopsis amplezicaulis 227 bicolor 227 Ruellia ciliosa as Dipteracanthus ciliosus 22 ciliosa longiflora as D. Drummondii 50 Drummondiana 147, 186 justiciaeflora 22 =Hyegrophila lacustris Nees Parryi 186 strepens cleistantha as Dipteracanthus micranthus 49 tuberosa 186 as Dipteracanthus nudiflorus 21 Ruppia maritima 29 Rutosma texana 158 see Thamnosma texana Sabbatia calycosa 15 campestris 15 Salix Humboldtiana 194 nigra 194 Thurberi 194 Salvia azurea 20, 32, 187 ballotaeflora 187 Engelmanni 187 farinacea 146, 153, 187, 188 _ pentstemonoides 153, 188 Roemeriana 146, 188 texana 146, 188 Salviastrum teranum see Salvia texana 146 220 Sagittaria graminea as S. stolonifera 26 papillosa as S. simpler 26 platyphylla 155 simpler 26 =S. papillosa Buchenau stolonifera 26 = §. graminea Michx. Samolus ebracteatus 22 Sanicula canadensis 209 Sapindus Drummondii 164 as S. marginatus 33, 168 Schoenocaulon Drummondii 150, 155, 195, 196 teranum see S. Drummondii 150 Schrankia angustata 35 platycarpa 183 see S. Roemeriana Roemeriana 168 as 8. platycarpa 183 Scilla angusta 29, 32 see Camassia angusta Scirpus lacustris 30 Olneyi 30 Sclerocarpus major 179 as Aldama uniserialis 228 Scutellaria cardiophylla & var. 19 Drummondii 19, 188 versicolor 146 Wrightii 153 Sebastiana ligustrina as Stillingia ligustrina 24 Sedum sparsiflorum 38, 209 see S. Torreyi Torreyi 169 as 8. sparsiflorum 38, 209 Senecio ampullaceus 42 aureus Balsamitae 231 =S. Balsamitae Muhl. Douglasii as S. Riddellii 232 obovatus rotundus 179 Riddellii 232 =S. Douglasii DC. Sesbania Cavanillesli as Daubentonia longifolia 6 macrocarpa 172, 168 Setaria polystachya see Chaetochloa polystachya 151 Seutera maritima 15 =Vincetoxicum palustre Gray Seymeria bipinnatisecta texana 158, 186 Sicydium Lindheimeri 194 see Maximowiczia Lindheimeri MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Sicyos angulatus 193, 171 Sida angustifolia as 8S. heterocarpa 163 anomala mexicana 163 =S. ciliaris fasciculata Gray cuneifolia 165 diffusa HBK. ‘ as S. filicaulis 163 filipes 164 hastata as S. physocalyx 1638 heterocarpa 163 —=S. angustifolia Lam. Lindheimeri 5, 31 physocalyr 163 =S. hastata St. Hil. tragiaefolia 164 Sieglingia acuminata 157 albescens 157 Silene Antirrhina & vars. 5 Silphium asperrimum 180 laciniatum 226 scaberrimum 40, 180 Simsia calva 228 =Encelia calva Gray Siphonoglossa pilosella 146, 186 Sisymbrium canescens 33 Sisyrinchium minus 55 =S. angustifolium Mill. Smilax Bona-nox 196 lanceolata 28 tamnoides see S. Bona-nox 196 Solanum elaeagnifolium 153, 185 as S. texense 19 Lindheimerianum see S. triquetrum Lindheimeria- num 145, 185 mammosum 46 see S. Torreyi rostratum 145, 185 terense 19 see S. elaeagnifolium Torreyi 185 as S. mammosum 46 triquetrum 185 triquetrum Lindheimerianum 415, 185 Solidago angustifolia 40 =S. stricta angustifolia Gray Boottii 12 canadensis canesens 180 canadensis scabra 180 decemflora 223 =S, radula Nutt. PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAE. DX | Solidago incana var. 223 =. nemoralis incana Gray leptocephala 12, 32 nemoralis 223 nemoralis incana as S. incana var. 223 nitida 11 radula 180 as S. decemflora 223 radula rotundifolia 180 rotundifolia see 8. radula rotundifolia scaberrima see S. radula rotundifolia speciosa rigidiuscula 222, 180 stricta angustifolia as 8S. angustifolia 40 tenuifolia 12 tortifolia 12 Sophora affinis 178 secundiflora 168 as S. speciosa 178 Spartina junciformis 30 Specularia coloradoensis 142 Lindheimeri see S. coloradoensis 142 Spermacoce glabra 10 Sphaeralcea Lindheimeri 162 pedatifida as Malvastrum pedatifidum 160 Spigelia texana 39 Spiranthes cernua 194 vernalis 28 Sporobolus asper 156 eryptandrus strictus 156 depauperatus 150 Stachys agraria 188 umbrosa 146 Stellaria prostrata 152, 161 Stenosiphon linifolium 170 virgatus 37 Stillingia angustifolia 147, 154, 191 ligustrina 24 —=Sebastiana ligustrina Muell. linearifolia see S. angustifolia 197 sylvatica 24, 32 sylvatica linearifolia see S. angustifolia 148, 154, 191 Stipa ciliata 151 Streptanthus bracteatus 143, 161 hyacinthoides 3, 31 petiolaris 143 Strophostyles helvola as Phaseolus diversifolius 170 Symphoricarpus spicatus 215, 172 Talinum aurantiacum 153 =T. lineare HBK. patens sarmentosum as T. sarmentosum 153 Tauschia Coulteri 211 terana 211 —Museniopsis texana C, & R. Taxodium distichum 26, 194 Tephrosia Lindheimeri 172 onobrychoides 6, 33 virginiana 6 Tetragonotheca ludoviciana as Halea ludoviciana 40 texana 180 as Halea texrana 227 Teucrium cubense 20 laciniatum 153, 188 Thalia dealbata 28 Thamnosma texana 162 as Rutosma texana 158 Thelesperma filifolium as Cosmidium filifolium 41 simplicifolium 180 subsimplicifolium see T. simplicifolium 180 Thurberia arkansana 156 Thysanella fimbriata 24 Tillandsia recurvata 149, 194 usneoides 194 Tragia brevispica 54 see T. nepetaefolia ramosa nepetaefolia ramosa 191 as 7’. brevispica 54 nepetaefolia scutellariaefolia see T. stylaris angustifolia 148 nepetaefolia teucriifolia 148, 191 scutellariaefolia see T. stylaris angustifolia 148 stylaris angustifolia 148, 192 veucriifolia see T. nepetaefolia teucriifolia urticaefolia 26 Tribulus maximus as Kallstroemia maxima 158 Trichostema dichotomum 20 Trifolium amphianthum 176 reflexum 7 Tripsacum cylindricum 55 * =Rottboellia cylindrica Chapm. Tyria myricaefolia see Bernardia myricaefolia 148 Ulmus 189 alata 193 crassifolia 54, 193 222, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Ungnadia speciosa 167, 168, 164 Uniola gracilis 30 latifolia 199 Urtica chamaedryoides 155, 193 as U. purpurascens 26 Utricularia cornuta as U. personata 51 subulata 22, 32 Vaccinium arboreum 15 Valerianella amarella 172 as Fedia amarella 217 stenocarpa 172 as Fedia stenocarpa 216 Verbena bipinnatifida 49, 186 canescens 146, 187 ciliata 146, 187 officinalis 187 as V. spuria var. 21 Roemeriana see V. canescens 146 spuria var. 21 see V. officinalis strigosa 21 =V. xutha Lehm. urticaefolia 187 Verbesina Wrightii as Actinomeris Wrightii 229 Vernonia angustifolia var. 10 interior 180 Lindheimeri 217, 180 Veronica peregrina 186 Vesicaria alpina 150 =Lesquerella alpina Wats. angustifolia 145, 148 see L. gracilis sessilis Wats. arctica 149 ==L. arctica Wats. argyrea 146, 149 ==L. argyrea Wats. auriculata 32, 148 ==L. auriculata Wats. densiflora 145, 148 ==L. densiflora Wats. Engelmanni 144, 145, 148, 149 see L. Engelmanni 160, 161 Fendleri 149 ==L. Fendleri Wats. Gordoni 149 =L. Gordoni Wats, gracilis 147, 148 see L. gracilis 161 grandiflora 146, 148 ==L. grandiflora Wats. Lindheimeri 145, 149 ==L. Lindheimeri Wats. Vesicaria ludoviciana 149 ==L. ludoviciana Wats. Nuttall 148 =L. Nuttallii Wats. pallida 149 ==L. pallida Wats. recurvata 147, 148 =L. recurvata Wats. repanda 148 ==L. repanda Wats. Shortii 148 ==L. globosa Wats. stenophylla 149 ==L. Fendleri Wats. Viburnum rufotomentosum 172 Vicia caroliniana texana see V. texana 168 Leavenworthii 170, 168 texana 168 Vigna glabra 6 =V. luteola Benth. glabra angustifolia 6 =V. luteola angustifolia Wats. Viguera brevipes var. 228 see V. helianthoides 180 Vilfa utilis see Sporobolus depauperatus Vincetoxicum palustre as Seutera maritima 15 Viola obliqua 161 Vitis aestivalis 166, 164 bipinnata 6 see Cissus stans eandicans 166 incisa 166 see Cissus incisa rupestris 164 vulpina 166 Wissadula holosericea as Abutilon holosericeum 162 Xanthisma texanum as Centauridium Drummondis 223 Xanthoxylum carolinianum 5 see X. Clava-Herculis 162 Clava-Herculis 162 as X. carolinianum 5 Xyris bulbosa 27 =—=X. flexuosa Muhl. caroliniana scabra 27 torta 55 Yucca angustifolia mollis see Y. arkansana 196 arkansana 196 PLANTAE LINDHEIMERIANAR. Yucca rupicola 155, 196 tortifolia see Y. rupicola 196 Zephyranthes texana 195 as Habranthus teranus 55 Zexmenia hispida 180, 181 as Lipochaeta terana 229 Zinnia multiflora 12 —=Z, pauciflora L. Zipania nodiflora var. 21 see Lippia nodiflora Michx. Zizyphus lycioides 168 see Condalia lycioides obtusifolia 168 see Condalia obtusifolia Zornia tetraphylla 177 Zygadenus Nuttallii 196 bo A AO ‘Was bevihede LVN ep a ; Sibel ey ira mia TRL RBUSY as Euawaiet Vy dead ort Et Tie his c is asa oe a 4 eoneuat aie Pe EA Ons i eee MY cies Oe etal Pn are ae + Ne RP , oe ao ae at ak dana) teeta vines ood Hs dregs.