JBRARY OF

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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

3IOLOQY

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM

PUBLICATION 50.
BOTANICAL SERIES. VOL. II, No. 2

PLANTS UTOWAN^E

PLANTS COLLECTED IN BERMUDA, PORTO RICO, ST.
THOMAS, CULEBRAS, SANTO DOMINGO, JAMAICA,
CUBA, THE CAYMANS, COZUMEL, YUCA-
TAN AND THE ALACRAN SHOALS.
DEC. 1898 TO MAR. 1899.

THE ANTILLEAN CRUISE OF THE YACHT
UTOWANA.

MR. ALLISON V. ARMOUR, Owner and Master.

BY

CHARLES FREDERICK MILLSPAUGH, M.D.
Curator Department of Botany.

PART IA — Reconsideration of the Cyperaceaer
Reconsideration of Cakile.

CHICAGO, U. S. A.
August, 1900.

RECONSIDERATION OF THE CYPERACE/E.*

In working over the Cyperaceae preparatory to the publication of
a Flora of Yucatan — from which region many of the Utowana speci-
mens were derived — and carefully considering each species intended
for insertion in that work, a few discrepancies in the classification of
the material presented on pages 28-30 became evident, rendering a
reconsideration necessary.

As all of the specific descriptions in the proposed Yucatan Flora
are planned to be based upon the characters of the fruits, I find it
convenient to present this revision in the form intended to be used in
that publication.

While I sincerely regret the necessity of differing with Mr. C. B.
Clarke, in his excellent monograph of the Antillean Cyperaceae, in
Prof. Urban's Symbole, yet, the impossibility of distinguishing with
certainty the seeds of Cyperus, Torulinium and Mariscus by any con-
stant character, confirms the opinion that Mariscus and Torulinium
are but sections of Cyperus, and that the single character: the separa-
tion of the fruits from the rachilla, or the rachilla from the rachis, is
not sufficient to be classed as generic ; especially as this character
also intermixes to some extent.

CYPERACE^:.

Grass-like or rush-like herbs. Inflorescence in solitary or clus-
tered i -many flowered spikelets; flowers perfect or imperfect, i or
rarely 2 in the axil of each scale; scales 2-ranked or spirally imbri-
cated. Perianth hypogynous, composed of interior scales or bristles.
Stamens 1-3, rarely more. Ovary i-celled, sessile or stipitate, ovule
i, anatropous, erect, style 2-3-cleft or minutely 2-toothed, rarely sim-
ple. Fruit a plano-convex, lenticular, tri-lateral or sub-globose
achene:

*In this work 1 have been ably assisted by Mrs. Agnes Chase, an enthusiastic and careful
phytologist, to whom I am indebted for the drawings and much of the descriptive matter here
presented.

"3

ii4 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL. 2.

Achenes bilateral, styles 2-cleft:

Plano-convex '. JUNCELLUS

Bi-convex —

Non-tuberculate FIMBRISTYLIS

Tuberculate, perianth, none DICHROMENA

perianth bristles HELEOCHARIS

Achenes trilateral, styles 3-cleft CYPERUS

Achenes subglobose, styles 3-cleft SCLERIA

JUNCELLUS (§ Griseb.) C. B. Clarke.

Inflorescence capitate. Fertile flowers bi-sexual; scales distich-
ous, lower 2 empty, persistent; spikelets many-flowered; rachilla per-
sistent, bristles none. Stamens 2. Style 2-cleft. Achenes plano-
convex, dorsally compressed.

JUNCELLUS L^EVIGATUS (L.) C. B. Clarke in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2:21.
Cyperus Icevigatus Linn. Bracts 2, the lower erect, 5-10 cm. long;

upper usually horizontal, 1-4 cm.
long. Heads pale-green turning
to chestnut, about 8 x 10 mm.;
congested spikelets 1-20, oblong,
compressed, 2 x 5-10 mm., 40-
fruited; scales white, more or less
marked with chestnut, the mid-
rib faint, green; broadly ovate,
obtuse, dorsally convex, slightly
longer than the achene. Achenes
brown, ellipsoidal, 1.3 x.y mm.,
in section convex on the dorsum
and plane on the ventrum; the
whole surface marked by more
or less hexagonal ridges, includ-
ing nearly quadrilateral shallow pits.

Moist banks and ditches at Guanica, Porto Rico (731).

FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl.

Inflorescence more or less compound-umbellate. Fertile flowers
bi-sexual. Scales numerous, spirally imbricated, lower short, empty.
Bristles none. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft, achenes lenticular.

Achenes lenticular non-tuberculate:

Markings longitudinal, faint F. ferruginea

Markings longitudinal, strong F. spadicea

The cuts present: An enlargement of the achene, dorsal view (also lateral view in some
cases), a transverse section at its greatest diameter (the base of the section being the ventral side);
a portion of the surface magnified 25 diameters, showing the markings, and usually beneath this a
cross-section of the same, illustrating their prominence. The enlargements are relatively the same
n all the cuts.

AUG. igoo.

PLANTS

— MILLSPAUGH.

FlMBRISTYLIS FERRUGINEA (L.) Vahl. Enum. 2:2gi.

Scirpus ferrugineus Linn.

Fimbristylis stans Spr.

Fimbristylis spadicea in part, Britton, on page 29.

Bracts about 3, leaf-like, 1-3 qm. long. Inflorescence umbellate
several rayed with one spike
sessile; rays 2-3 cm. long; spikes
ferrugineous, ovoid, obtuse, 8-10
x 4-5 mm., sometimes continu-
ing to grow and fruit at the apex
after the lower scales and ach-
enes have fallen, making entire
length of rachis nearly 2 cm. ;
bractlets short, setaceous, scales
ferrugineous with green midrib,
ovate, subacute, apiculate, upper
part minutely pilose, 3-timesthe
length of the achene. Style twice the length of the achene, broadly
flattened and villous below the forking. Achene pale-brown, obovoidr
i.i x 1.4 mm., in section irregularly lenticular, the dorsum gibbousj
surfaces faintly marked by longitudinal rows of laterally elongated
hexagonal reticulations.

Moist meadow at Catano, Porto Rico (193); ditches in the environs
of Charlotte Amalia, St. Thomas (429); on the borders of a brackish,
lagoon near the north shore of Cozumel Island (1594).

FIMBRISTYLIS SPADICEA (L.) Vahl. Enum. 2:294.
Scirpus spadicens Linn.

Bracts 3-4, l,eaf-like, scabrous on the margin, 13-25 cm. long-.

Inflorescence a compound um-
bel, rays 1-6 cm. long; second-
^- ary umbels of 3-9 spikes; spikes
chestnut, ellipsoidal, subacute,
4x10 mm., continuous at the
apex as in F. ferruginea; bract-
lets short, setaceous; scales
chestnut with green midvein,
chitinous, broadly ovate, obtuse,
subapiculate, 3-times the length
of the achene. Style twice the
length of the achene, villous
throughout. Achene dark-fuscous, truncate-obovoid, .95x1.1 mm.,
in section lenticular, the dorsum strongly gibbous; surfaces promi-
nently marked by longitudinal lines composed of rows of broad reticu-
lations enclosing deep oblong pits.

Moist meadow at the Port of Ponce", Porto Rico (664).

HELEOCHARIS R. Br.

Fertile flowers bi-sexual. Scales many, spirally imbricated,
lower empty and bracteate. Bristles 7, subequal to the achene,

n6

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL. 2.

achene lenticular, tuberculate. Inflor-

Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft;
escence a terminal spike.

HELEOCHARIS CAPITATA (L.) R. Br. Prod. 225.

Scirpus capitatus Linn.

Spike light-brown, ovoid, obtuse, 3x3.5
imbricated, the lower somewhat
enlarged and bract-like; fruiting
scales brown with green midrib,
broad, ellipsoidal, obtuse, twice
the length of the achene. Sta-
mens twice the length of the
achene. Bristles pale - ferru-
gineous, retrorsely barbed, as
long as, or shorter than, the
achene. Achene, including the
tubercle, pyriform, .7x1 mm.;
tubercle white, . i x .2 mm.;
achene proper polished-black, in
section lenticular, the surfaces longitudinally marked
gated, hexagonal reticulations, interspaces unoccupied

Boggy spot in a field at Catafio, Porto Rico (175);
Caleta Cozumel (1526): borders of a brackish lagoon
greso, Yucatan (1687).

mm. ; scales densely

by faint, elon-

wet soil at the
south of Pro-

DICHROMENA Vahl.

Inflorescence in a terminal head subtended by long leaf-like
bracts. Fertile flowers bi-sexual; scales numerous, spirally imbricated,
the lower and upper empty or infertile; spikelets few-fruited; bristles
none. Stamens 2 or 3. Style long, 2-cleft, achene lenticular or
appearing elliptical tuberculate:

Achenes bi-convex, tuberculate:

Ridges few, transverse, smooth D. pubera

cellular, large . . . . , ' D. colorata

small D. radicans

DICFTROMENA PUBERA Vahl. Enum. 2:241.
Schcenus pubescens H. B. K.
Dichromena nervosa Britton, on page 30.

Bracts six, 3-9 cm. long, deflexed spreading, softly pubescent, cili-

ate and white on the upper sur-
face at the base. Heads pale-
cinnamon, subglobose, 10 - 14
mm. 'wide, composed of 5-8
spikelets; spikelets narrowly
ovoid, 8x3 mm., 3 - fruited;
scales ovate, subacute, more than
twice the length of the achene.
Stamens 2. Achenes bronze-
brown, the beak excluded de-
pressed-globose, 1.3x1.4 mm.;

beak dark-brown, sharply conical, decurrent at the base, .6 mm. high.

AUG. 1900.

PLANT/E UTOWATSLE — MILLSPAUGH.

117

Achene in section elliptical, the angles prominent; surfaces marked
by irregular, sometimes branching, horizontal smooth and shining
ridges.

Moist banks and ditches at Bayamon, Porto Rico (338), and at
Port Antonio, Jamaica (927).

DICHROMENA COLORATA (L.) Hitch. PI. Baham. 141.

Schcenus coloratus Linn.

Dichromena pubera and radicans Britton, on page 30.

Dichromena leucatephala Michx.

Bracts 3-5, deflexed-spreading, 5-10 cm. long, basal portion white.
Inflorescence in white globose
heads 10-14 mm. wide, com-
posed of 8-16 ovoid spikelets 3
x 5-8 mm., i-3-fruited; scales
white with a hyaline border, con-
oid, subacute, keeled, nearly
three times the length of the
achene. Stamens 2. Achenes
{excluding the beak) dark cinna-
mon-brown, obovoid, 1.2x1.15
mm. Beak broadly - conical,
darker than the achene, .5«im.
high. Achene in section lenticu-
lar, the angles strongly marked,
the surfaces marked by prominent horizontal intermitting ridges
composed of oblong, raised cells, the interspaces shallow and
narrow.

In a bog back of Paget's Landing, Bermuda (54, 60); moist
meadow at Catafio, Porto Rico (152); and boggy soil near the center
of the island of Grand Cayman (1375).

DICHROMENA RADICANS Cham, and Schl. Linnea 6:38.
Dichromena pubera and nervosa Vahl. in part.

Bracts 3-5, minutely ciliate and sometimes white at the base.

Heads 8 x 10 mm., composed of
1-3 light cinnamon-brown spike-
lets 9x3 mm., lanceolate, 5-
fruited; scales with darker cin-
namon keel, triangular - ovate,
obtuse, 3-times the length of the
achene. Stamens 3. Achenes
(excluding the beak) dark-brown,
orbicular, .gx i mm. Beak black,
sharply conical, mitriform, .3
mm. high. Achene in section
elliptical, the angles slightly
marked; the surfaces marked by
about 12 horizontal, intermittent
ridges composed of small, oblong, raised cells, with deep broad inter-
spaces.

Wet soil, near the center of the island of Cozumel (1562).

n8

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL. 2.

CYPERUS Linn.

Including Mariscus and Torulinium. Inflorescence in more or less
densely disposed subumbellate spikes. Fertile flowers bi-sexual.
Rachilla winged or wingless; spikelets few to many fruited; scales
distichous, the lower two empty; bristles none. Stamens 1-3. Style
3-cleft; achene trilateral:

Achenes trilateral, styles 3-cleft:

Surfaces papillate in longitudinal lines C. virens

Surfaces reticulate —

hexagonally C. ochraceus

lozenge-shaped C. elegans

Surfaces reticulate and papillate —

reticulations of faint lines C. brizasus

reticulations of sharp lines —

papillae small C. ferax

papillae large C. planifolius

reticulations of faint ridges C. ligularis

Surfaces pitted C. Caymanensis

Surfaces reticulate and pitted —

reticulations of grooved lines C. bruneus

reticulations of faint raised lines —

pits deep, margin narrowly lipped C. Michauxianus

pits shallow, margin broadly lipped C. filiforme

\EUCYPERUS. — Spikelets compressed; rachilla persistent on
the axis, scale deciduous.

CYPERUS VIRENS Michx. Flor. Bor. Am., 1:28.

Cypcrtis Surinamensis Britton, on page 29.

Bracts leaf-like, 1-2. 5dm. long. Inflorescence a compound umbel;
rays about 10, 2-4 cm. long; secondary
umbels 2-4-rayed 2 cm. long; bractlets
1-2 cm. long. Spikes pale-green, sub-
globose, 1-5 cm. wide, composed of
10-20 spikelets fascicled upon the re-
duced rachis; strongly compressed, nar-
rowly ovate, 3x8 mm., 6-2o-fruited;
rachilla wingless. Scales white with a
green midvein, translucent, loosely cel-
lular, oblong-ovate, obtuse, keeled,
faintly 3-nerved, twice the length of the
achene, closely imbricated. Stamen i,
lateral. Style half the length of the
achene, divisions short. Achene dull-
black, narrowly ellipsoid, I.4X.45-.5 mm., in .section triangular,
angles obtuse, dorsal facets slightly convex, the ventral plane; all
marked by regular longitudinal lines including single rows of trun-
cated conical papillae.

Wet roadside between Santurce and the sea, Porto Rico (299).

CYPERUS OCHRACEUS Vahl. Enum., 2:325.

Bracts leaf-like, 1-4 dm. 'long. Inflorescence a decompound

AUG. 1900.

PLANTJE UTOWAN^E — MILLSPAUGH.

119

umbel, rays 6-10, 2-5 cm. long; secondary umbels 2-4-rayed, rays

2 cm. long; bractlets 5-10 mm.
long. Spikes pale-ochre, sub-
globose, i cm. wide, having
10-20 spikelets subdigitate from
the reduced rachis. Spikelets
strongly compressed, ovate-ob-
long, 2x5-10 mm., i8-2o-fruited;
rachilla wingless. Scales ochre
with a broad, green dorsal
stripe, loosely cellular, but less
so than in C. virens, ovate,
acute, subapiculate, closely im-
bricated, keeled above but hollow
below from the pressure of the adjacent achene; 3-veined, the mid-
vein forking to border the depression; scale a little longer than the
achene. Stamen i, lateral. Style subciliate, shorter than the ach-
ene, divisions short. Achene brown, ovoid, .5-. 6x1.2 mm., in sec-
tion triangular, the dorsal angle very bluntly rounded, the dorsal
facets convex, the ventral plane, all marked by regular, sharp hex-
agonal reticulations rising perpendicular to the surface of the achene.
In shallow water covering a field at the Caleta, Cozumel (1519).

CYPERUS ELEGANS Linn. Sp. PI., 2:68.

Cyperus viscosus Sw.

Cyperus viscosus Britton, on page 29.

Bracts 3, leaf-like, 2-3 dm. long,
umbel, one spike sessile, rays 1-6
cm. long. Spikes mottled pale-
green and brown, subglobose,
composed of 8-20 spikelets diverg-
ent from the reduced rachis.
Spikelets compressed, oblong, 3 x
8-iomm., lo-fruited; rachilla wing-
less. Scales fuscous to chestnut
with pale-green margins and mid-
vein, sub-orbicular, mucronate,
less than twice the length of the
achene, obliquely spreading; keel
thickened at the apex, expanding into 7 nerves below. Stamens 3.
Style shorter than the achene, divided to near the base. Achene
black, pyriform, .9x1.7 mm., in section triangular, the facets all
equally concave and marked by horizontal reticulations resembling
a net, the meshes each including a single slight papilla.

Along the borders of a brackish lagoon at The Creek, Cayman
Brae (1171); two of these plants are undersized and show a prolifer-
ous habit, sprouts replacing achenes in the fruiting spikelets.
Brackish bog on the north shore of Cozumel (1596), and in a simi-
lar situation at Progreso, Yucatan (1686).

Inflorescence a 6-io-rayed

§ MARISCUS. — Characters of Eucyperus except: rachilla slightly

120

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY-, VOL. 2.

winged, falling away from the axis, two lower empty scales persist-
ent. Stamens 3.

Cyperus Caymanensis sp. nov.
Cyperus sp, Britton, on page 29.

Culms slender, wiry, 3-angled and somewhat grooved, 4-7 dm.
long, i mm. wide, glabrous. Sheaths brown, scarious, glabrous.
Leaves shorter than the culm, 2-4 dm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, folded,
setose at the scabrous tip, otherwise smooth.

Bracts 2 or 3, 1-3 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Inflorescence a

dense head of 3 or 4 subglobose
spikes 6-7 mm. wide, light
brown, dense, ovoid, 4x5 mm.,
of 20-30 spikelets crowded on
the rachis; spikelets golden
brown, ovoid, acute, 1.5 mm.
long, rachilla i-fruited, much
reduced. Scales 4 to each
spikelet, 2 lower empty, per-
sistent, short, i-i.i mm.; fruit-
ing scale golden-brown, broadly
ovate, submucronate, keeled,
striately n-nerved, nearly twice
the length of and enfolding the
achene and the base of the
terminal scale which is empty, light-green, scaphoid, acute at the
base and 1.7 mm. long. Style divided to near the base, as long
as the achene. Achene dark amber-brown, rounded pyriform, .6x
1.2 mm.; in section strongly triangular the angles keel-like, the
facets deeply concave and marked by regularly disposed circular pits.
Ditches along the Bodden Bay road beyond Spot Bay, Grand
Cayman (1334). Near C. uniflorus pumilus Britton.

CYPERUS LIGULARIS Linn. Amoen. Acad., 5:391.

Marts c us rufus H. B. K.

Mariscus ligularis Urb.

Bracts 4-7, leaf-like, 3-7 dm. long, minutely sharp serrate,
florescence a compound umbel,
rays 8-12, 1-9 cm. long; second-
ary umbels congested, sub-
corymbose; spikes rufous, sessile
or subsessile, the terminal one
cylindrical. 2-3 cm. long, i cm.
wide, the lateral deflexed, 1-2
cm. long. Spikelets reddish-
brown, ellipsoid, 1.5x3-5 mm.,
densely crowded, divergent,
2-4-fruited; rachilla wings small.
Scales reddish-brown with a
dull-green midrib, ovate, ob-
tuse, striate, keeled, twice the
length of the achene. Style longer than the achene, divided to near

In-

AUG. i goo.

PLANTS UTOWAN^E — MILLSPAUGH.

121

the base. Achene dull-black when ripe, ellipsoid, .65-. yx 1.4 mm.,
in section triangular, the dorsal angle sharpest, dorsal facets
slightly concave, the ventral deeply so; all marked by faint irregu-
lar hexagonal ridges, the interspaces plane and centrally occupied
by large and prominent semi-globular papillae.

Boggy spot in an open field at Catano, Porto Rico (156); low
sandy soil at Port Antonio, Jamaica (975, 978), and in a like situa-
tion at Spot Bay, Grand Cayman (1301).

CYPERUS BRUNEUS Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. , 1:116.

Mariscus bruneus Clarke.

Cyperus Ottonis Britton, on page 29.

Bracts 4, leaf-like, .5-2.5 dm. long. Inflorescence a dense umbel,

1.5-4 cm- wide, formed of 2-6
spikes, rays i cm. long. Spikes
crimson-lake turning darker with
age, subglobose, 14 mm. wide;
spikelets about 20, oblong, com-
pressed, divergent, 2x6 mm.,
5-7-fruited. Scales with bright-
green keel, crimson-lake turning
to dull rusty-brown faintly
spotted with red, broadly ovate,

/'

obtuse, apiculate, strongly
nerved, nearly twice the length
of the achene. Style longer
than the achene, divided to near the base. Achene dull-black when
ripe, broadly obovoid .J-.gx 1.4 mm., in section flatly triangular, the
facets plane, the ventral having a prominent rounded margin at the
angles, and all three marked by nearly regular hexagonal grooves,
each interspace occupied by a deep circular pit with a raised lip.

In a dry field near Playa, Porto Rico (683); and in a sandy
field near Progreso, Yucatan (1697).

CYPERUS BRIZ^EUS Vahl. Enum., 316.

Mariscus brizceus Clarke.

Cyperus Ottonis Boeck.

Cyperus bruneus Britton in
part, on page 28.

Bracts 4, leaf-like, .5-3.5 dm.
long. Inflorescence a dense,
6-io-spiked umbel, 7 cm. wide;
rays .5-2 cm. long. Spikes
light reddish-brown at maturity,
subglobose, 2 cm. wide; spike-
lets oblong, compressed, diverg-
ently ascending, 2.5x10 mm.
long, 6-g-fruited. Scales bright
reddish-brown or pale roseate,
green keeled, ovate, apiculate, striate, twice the length of the

122

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL. 2.

Bracts 4, leaf-like, .5-3 dm.

achene. Style longer than the achene, divided to near the base.
Achene shining - black, obovoid, .7-. 9 x 1.4 mm., in section like
C. bruneus, the facets marked by low, sharp, hexagonal ridges, the
interspaces occupied by small semi-globular papillae.

In dry sandy soil, south of Charlotte Amalia, St. Thomas (428);
in the sandy, cactus-covered center of Ratones Island, Port of Ponce",
Porto Rico (654); sandy shore near Georgetown, Grand Cayman
(1248); and atmthe southwest end of Perez Island, Alacran Shoals
(1746), but on no other islet of the group.

CYPERUS PLANIFOLIUS L. Cl. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. , 1:106.
Cyperus purpurascens Vahl.
Cyperus bruneus in part Britton, on page 28.
Mariscus purpurascens Clarke.
Mariscus planifolius Urb.

long. Inflorescence a 4-io-rayed
spreading umbel, 5-6 cm. wide;
rays 1-4 cm. Spikes reddish-
brown, broadly oblong or when
densely fruited subglobose, 2-2.2
cm. wide; bractlets 2-6 cm. long,
narrow, and often bristle-like;
spikelets 10-30, compressed ob-
long, 2 x 10-15 nun., 6-io-fruited;
rachilla narrowly winged. Scales
reddish-brown with a green
keel, ovate, obtuse, striate, hya-
line-margined, loosely imbri-
cated, twice the length of the

achene. Style twice the length of the achene, divided half its
length. Achene dark reddish-brown, ellipsoid, . 7-. 75 x 1.9 mm., in
section triangular with a rounded dorsal angle; facets marked by
sharp hexagonal reticulations, the interspaces occupied by semi-
globular papillae larger than in C. brizaeus.

On low sandy fields at The Creek, Cayman Brae (1182); and
the west shore of the Isle of Pines, Cuba (1427).

§TORULIN1UM.— Characters of \Mariscus except: Spikelets
terete or subterete; rachilla deciduous in i-fruited nodes, with broad
wings clasping the achene. Spikelets more loosely disposed in pec-
tinate or digitate spikes.

CYPERUS FERAX L. Cl. Rich. loc. cit.

Cyperus densiflorus Britton, on page 28.

Torulininm confer turn Ham.

Torulinium ferax Urb.

Bracts leaf-like, 1-4 dm. long. Inflorescence in a compound
spreading umbel, 10-20 cm. wide; primary rays 3-6, i-io cm. long;
secondary rays 1-2 cm. long. Spikes broadly flabellate in out-

AUG. 1900.

PLANTVE UTOWAN.E — MILLSPAUGH.

123

line, 2.5-4x3.5-4.5 cm., composed of 16-20 pectinately spreading
spikelets. Spikelets rufous, sub-
-terete, linear, zigzag, 1x15-30
mm., 5 - 12 - fruited; rachilla
wings large, enfolding the
achene. Scales rufous, closely
appressed to the rachilla, those
of the same rank separated from
each other for a distance equal
to half their length, all ovate, ob-
tuse, less than twice the length
of the achene, the dorsum con-
vex, not keeled, the median stripe
broad, green, 7-nerved. Style

twice the length of the achene, divided for half its length. Achene
black, elongate-obovate, .45-. 55x1.8 mm.; in section triangular, the
dorsal facets plane, the ventral deeply convex; markings as in the
preceding species, but the papillae much higher.

Along the border of the lagoon south of Progreso (1671); and
in deep woods at Chichen Itza, Yucatan (1637, 1773).

CYPERUS MICHAUXIANUS Schultes, Syst. Mant., 2:123.
Cyperus speciosus Vahl.
Cyperus acicularis Britton, on page 28.
Torulinium Michauxianum Clarke.

Bracts leaf-like, 5-12 cm. long. Inflorescence a compound um-
bel, 15-20 cm. wide; primary
rays 8-10, i-n cm. long; sec-
ondary rays 1-6 cm. long. Spikes
oblong in outline, 1.5-2.5x3-4
cm., composed of 30-50 hori-
zontally spreading spikelets.
Spikelets brown, less terete
than in the preceding species,
1.5x10-12 mm., io-12-fruited;
rachilla wings smaller, enfolding
the lower half of the achene.

5® Scales loose, obliquely spread-

ing, slightly imbricated, reddish-
brown with a broad, green, minutely striate dorsal stripe; acute,
submucronate, less than twice the length of the achene. Style
longer than the achene, divided to near the base. Achene rusty-
black, ellipsoid, .5-.6x 1.4 mm., flatly triangular in section, the ven-
tral facet somewhat concave; surface marked by faint hexagonal
ridges, the large interspaces occupied each by a deep circular pit
with a prominent lip.

Boggy spot in an open field at Caguas, Porto Rico (219).

CYPERUS FILIFORMIS Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. , 20.

Torulinium filiforme Clarke.

Bracts 2 or 3. 5-12 mm. long. Inflorescence in usually i, some-
times 2 spikes, flabellate in outline, 1.5 cm. wide, composed of

124

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL 2.

5-9 subdigitately spreading spikelets. Rachis short. Spikelets

pale - brown, subterete, i x 10-
14 mm., 6-8-fruited. Rachilla
wings broad, enfolding the
achene. Scales distant nearly
half their length, little longer
than the achene, their sides en-
rolled, nearly meeting around the
the rachilla, pale-brown, dor-
sally convex, median stripe
broad, green, striate; all ovate,
subacute, and hyaline-margined.
Style longer than the achene,
divided to near the base. Achene
dark-brown, turbinate, .65-. 7 x 1.6 mm., more or less triangular in
section, the upper third of the dorsal facets concave, the lower con-
vex; the upper third of the ventral plane, the lower having promi-
nent rounded angles. Surface marked as in the preceding species,
but the pits shallower and the reticulations closer.
Ditches near Spot Bay, Grand Cayman (1296).

SCLERIA Berg.

Flowers all unisexual; staminate and pistillate spikelets separate
or borne in the same cluster. Fertile spikelet i-flowered; staminate
many flowered. Scales imbricated, the lower empty. Bristles none.
Stamen i. Style 3-cleft; achene subglobose, bony, supported on a
hypogynous disk.

SCLERIA PTEROTA Presl. Oken. Isis, 21:268.

Scleria communis Kunth.

Schcenus latifolius Vahl.

Bracts leaf-like, 5-10 cm. long,
cle, 2-2.5 x 5-l5 cm- Rachis 3-sid-
ed, the angles winged. Secondary
panicles axillary, bractlets .5-1 cm.
long. Spike pediceled, composed
of 1-3 fertile spikelets below and i
staminate spikelet above; the fer-
tile 4 mm. long, 2 lower scales
empty; the staminate 5 mm. long.
Fruiting scales fuscous, orbicular,
mucronate, shorter than the achene;
lower empty scales of staminate flowers fuscous, ovate, mucronate;
stamen-bearing scales oblong, obtuse. Achene shining ivory-white,
depressed globose (exclusive of the hypogynum), 2.5 x 3 mm.; hypo-
gynum 1.5 mm. high, trilobate, pale straw-color above, reddish-
brown below. Achene in section nearly circular with no indication
of angles, the surface smooth, with a few scattered, white, micro-
scopic hairs.

Moist spot in deep woods, high on the mountain, back of Char-
lotte Amalia, St. Thomas (506).

Inflorescence a compound pani-

CAKILE.

The species of the genus Cakile in North and Subtropical
America, have long been a puzzle to systematists, C. maritima, C.
aequalis and C. Americana with their forms, having been interchanged
and intersynonymized to a considerable extent, mostly on account of
the variance of the leaves in specimens from different localities. It was
not until after a discriminative study of the fruits and seeds in the
specimens of this herbarium, and those of the Cambridge, Missouri,
and New York Botanical Gardens, and the United States National
Museum, that I was able to satisfactorily place the species, which
now appear clearly defined.

The species-generating-force in the genus seems to have been
the development of the fruit for disseminating the plants in, and
from, what in each instance has been their habitat. It appears evi-
dent from the separation of the articulations of the loment, of which
the upper becomes easily detached while the lower falls with great
difficulty, that the former is intended to be disseminated by water,
near which the plant always grows; while the latter is intended either
to be carried by birds, or to be sown by the plant in the environment
of the parent. This conclusion appears to be well substantiated in
regard, at least, to the upper articulation, by the fact of the greater
sponginess of its pericarp, which is well adapted for floating, and the
cylindrical or globose form of the articulation itself, which, with its
ready separation from the lower when ripe, by the wind, renders its
progress to the water easy of achievement. The evolution for float-
age seems to have reached its height in the new species growing
upon the Alacran Shoals, from which, on account of their very lim-
ited area, the plant seems to have appreciated the necessity of remov-
ing itself as speedily as possible, and is increasing the possibility of
reaching a better habitat, by a great development of spongy tissue in
the upper or floating articulation; while the lower articulation, with
the apparent appreciation of the fact that there are no seed-eating
birds on the islets, and very little room along the limited strand to
accommodate much increase in the number of plants, has become
reduced to little more than a swelling of the pedicel.

125

126

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL. 2.

CAKILE Tourn.

Silique lomeritaceous, oblong or more or less cylindrical, biar-
ticulate usually below the middle, joints more or less thick walled
especially the upper; upper joint i - spermous, seed erect; lower
joint o - 2- spermous, seed suspended when i - spermous, when 2,
the lower erect; cotyledons plane, accumbent; stigma sessile, cap-
itate:

Lower joint often 2-spermous:

Upper joint corrugated C. geniculata

quadrangular C. f usiformis

Lower joint i -spermous:
Upper joint slender —

8-angled C. Americana

4-angled C. aequalis

Upper joint turgid:

4-angled C. edentula

4-grooved C. Alacranensis

6-grooved C. Chapmanii

lo-grooved C. Cubensis

Two horned at the articulation C. Cakile

Lower joint aspermous C. monosperma

Cakile geniculata (Robs.) comb. nov.

C. maritima geniculata Robinson Syn. Fl. N. A., i, 1:132.

C. Americana Robinson ibid, referring to Canby, Enterprise, Fla.

156.

C. maritima cequalts Coult. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb., 1:31, and 2:32.
Silique large, tumid throughout, subcylmdrical, corrugated, 2.7

cm. long, the articulation hori-
zontal, strongly lipped. Upper
joint subcylindrical, tapering to
a somewhat pugiform apex, 1.6
cm. long, corrugated by 8 deep
sulci; seed oblong, dark-brown,
5x2. 3 mm. Lower joint subcyl-
indrical, tapering slightly to the
base, more shallowly corrugated;
seeds 1-2 most frequently 2,
well developed, 4.4x2.5 mm.
and 4.25 x 2.25 mm. when two;
4.4x2.6 mm. when solitary.

Stems thick, axis of fruiting
raceme very stout and strongly
geniculate, pedicels stout.
Leaves lanceolate, blunt, taper-
ing to a short petiolar base,

sparingly, blunt and distant, large-crenate toothed. Dr. Robinson,
in describing the type from which the above characters are drawn,
says: "Foliage of the type," but in so stating he considers our

The cuts present: An enlargement of the fruit; a section of the upper and the lower joints;
•the seed, and a transverse section showing the arrangement of the cotyledons. The enlargements
.are relatively the same in all the cuts.

AUG. 1900.

PLANTVE UTOWAN^E — MILLSPAUGH.

127

American seaboard forms of C. Americana, C. fusiformis, and C.
Cakile, to be C. maritima.

Habitat : The northern shores of the Gulf of Mexico, especially
the Texas coast.

Specimens examined: Enterprise, Florida, Canby; Galveston,
Texas, Lindheimer; Matamoras, Texas, Berlandier 3103 the type; and
Brazos de Santiago, Texas, Neally 149.

Cakile geniculata x edentula hyb. nov.

A form with greatly enlarged 2-seeded lower joints, as long or
longer than the upper, and strongly ribbed, was collected in 1893 on
Staten Island, New York, by Mr. T. H. Kearney. This strongly
suggests a ballast plant of C. geniculata tainted by crossing with
the native C. edentula.

CAKILE FUSIFORMIS Greene, Pitton., 3:346.

Silique slender, elongated fusiform, curved, 2.1 cm. long, the
articulation horizontal and un-
lipped. Upper joint pugiform,
1.3 cm. long, gradually tapering
from the swollen base; seed
light-amber, elongated and but
slightly flattened, 4.4x2 mm.
Lower joint cylindrical-fusiform,
.8 cm., often 2-seeded; seeds
when two 4. 7 x 1.8 and 3. 5 x 1.8
mm.; when single 4.6x1.9 mm.
These characters are drawn
from the type of which Prof.
Greene says: "lower joint ster-
ile."

Leaves thin, 5-8.5 cm., tapering to a very slender petiolar base,
deeply and irregularly pinnatifid, the segments linear-oblong, obtuse.

Habitat: From the Florida Keys to Cape Corientes, Cuba.

Specimens examined: Salt Pond Key, off the coast of Florida,
Pollard 19, sheet 330019 Herb. U. S. Nat. Mus., marked "type" by
Prof. Greene; Marquesas Key, Florida, Curtiss 198 and 5; Key
West, Florida, Blodgett, Binney; Knight's Key, Florida, Curtiss 5645 ;
Coon Key, Florida, Simpson, 242; Sanibel Island, Florida, Webber
177 ; Indian river, east Florida, Palmer 12; Dog Key, Mississippi,
Phares; and Cape Corientes, Cuba, Millspaugh 1463 (see p. 43 under
C. maritima).

CAKILE AMERICANA Nutt. Gen. Am., 2:62, first part of descr.

C. maritima Americana T. & G. in part, referring to specimen
collected on Long Island, New York, by Dr. Torrey.

Silique slender, 2 cm. long, with a horizontal articulation. Upper
joint ovoid, long and slender pointed, 8-angled, 1.2 cm. long, nearly
circular in section, walls thin; seed oblong, 4.6 x 2.2 mm., but slightly
compressed. Lower joint truncated-fusiform, .8 cm., quadrate in
section, very thin walled; seed 4. i x 1.6 mm.

128

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL. 2.

Leaves similar to the last in shape but averaging much smaller,

and with crenate dentations tending to
laceration, and even lobation, on one
side toward the base.

Habitat: The Atlantic coast of
North America from the Connecticut
shore to South Carolina, and on the
strand of the Great Lakes. One
specimen in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden
from the Channel Islands, England,
is doubtless a ballast plant from the
above habitat.

Specimens examined: Orange, Con-
necticut, Bissell 69; shores of Long
Island, New York, Torrey ; Atlantic
City, New Jersey, Parker; Walnut
River, North Carolina, Knowlton, Smith's Island, North Car-
olina, Herb. Biltmore 49860; North Carolina coast, McCarthy;
mouth of Stone River, South Carolina, Gibbes ; Lake Erie, Canadian
side, Coville, Pollard; Sandusky, Ohio, Moseley ; Indiana shore, Lake
Michigan, Umbach; Illinois shore, Lake Michigan, Vasey, Scammon,
Lansing; Wisconsin shore, Lake Michigan, Lapham, Fellows, Hasse;
and Michigan shore, Lake Michigan, Ultne, Wheeler.

CAKILE ^EQUALIS L'Herit. de C. Syst. , 2:430.

Silique short-pediceled, very slender, elongated-subcylindrical,
curved and long-pointed, 2.4-2.6 cm.
long, the articulation transverse and un- /,\
lipped. Upper joint pugiform, gradu-
ally narrowing from the base to the
apex, in section quadrilateral, with a
slightly marked striation on each facet;
seed ovoid, 3.7 x 1.7 mm., pinkish.
Lower joint subcylindrical, tapering
slightly to the base, elliptic in section
and nearly smooth; seed 3.9 x 1.6 mm.
Stems somewhat ligneous, virgate, 35-50
cm. long, leafy branches extended.
Leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate, narrow-
ing to a short and slender petiolar base,
shallow and irregularly crenate-dent-
ate above the middle, 4-6.5 cm. long.

Habitat: From the Bahamas westward to the Alacran Shoals.
The principal Antillean representative of the genus.

Specimens examined: New Providence, Bahamas, Cooper 88;
St. Thomas, Eggers 209; New Fort, St. Croix, Ricksecker 68 ; Cule-
bras Island, Millspaugh 626, (see p. 43 under C. maritima); Santurce,
Porto Rico, Heller 256, Millspaugh 272, (ibid); Bayamon, Porto Rico,
Sintenis 1265 ; Playa, Porto Rico, Millspaugh 676, (ibid); Guanica, Porto
Rico, Sintenis 3503 and Cabo Rojo jp/; Hastings, Barbados, Waby 31 ;
The Creek, Cayman Brae. Millspaugh 1159, 1179, (ibid); Spot Bay,

AUG. 1900.

PLANTVE UTOWAN^E — MILLSPAUGH.

129

Grand Cayman, MillspaughijoS, (ibid); Mugeres Island, Yucatan, Gau-
nter 182 and Millspaugh ij, Armour Exped.; Silam, Yucatan, Gaumer
1244; and on Chica and Allison Islands, Alacran Shoals, Mills-
paugh (ibid).

CAKILE EDENTULA (Bigel.) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am., 1:59.

C. Americana Nutt., latter half of description.

Bunias edentula Bigel.

C. maritima Americana T. & G. in part, referring to specimen col-
lected at Portland Harbor, Lake Erie, by Knieskern.

Silique somewhat turgid, about 1.8 cm. long, turbinate, the
articulation somewhat V-shaped.
Upper joint flattened pyriform,
strongly 4-angled, i cm. long,
the blunt and often ensifdrm
apex at times emarginate, or 2-3-
crenate toothed, section ovate,
the walls but little thicker than
those of the lower joint; seed
4.3 x 2.5 mm., flattened, the
cotyledons strongly marked.
Lower joint truncated-fusiform,
.8 cm., somewhat quadrate in
section, the angles less promi-
nent than those of the upper
joint. Seed 4.5 x 2.1 mm., more
cylindrical than that of the
upper joint.

Leaves lanceolate-spatulate, the rounded apex crenate-toothed.

Habitat: The Atlantic coast of North America, from Labrador
to South Carolina, and on the strand of the Great Lakes. Intro-
duced at Berkeley, California, and Fayal, Azores Islands.

Specimens examined: Forteau, Labrador, Waghorne ; sea beach
at Coal River, Newfoundland, Waghorne; Eel River, Restigouche,
and Miramichi, New Brunswick, Fowler; Cape Breton, Nova Scotia,
Macoun; Seal Harbor and Vinal Harbor, Maine, S. Watson; Mount
Desert, Maine, Redfield; Camden, Maine, Briggs ; Beverly, Massa-
chusetts, Engelmann; E. Boston, Massachusetts, Boott ; Ipswich,
Massachusetts, Oakes ; Massachusetts, Curtiss ; Provincetown, Massa-
chusetts, Fritchy ; Wood's Holl, Massachusetts, Palmer; Amherst,
Massachusetts, Kellerman; Nantucket, Massachusetts, Vasey ; Green's
Farms, Connecticut, Pollard; Wading River, Long Island, Miller;
Fire Island, New York, Addison Brown; New Dorp, Staten Island,
Tyler, Kearney, Small, and South Beach, Britton; Sandy Hook, New
Jersey, Timmerman; New Jersey coast, Silicul, Short; Ocean View,
Virginia, Kearney; Smith's Island, North Carolina, Herb. Biltmore ;
James' Island near Charleston, South Carolina, C. E. Smith; Sullivan
Island, South Carolina, Ravenel; Canadian shore of Lake Ontario,
Britton, Macoun 180; Cacouna, Canada, Northrup 236; Lake Erie
strand at Buffalo, Merriani, at Portland Harbor, Knieskern, at Cedar
Point, Sandusky, Stair, and at Vermillion, Ohio, Ricksecker ; Michi-

130

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL. 2.

gan at Sault St. Marie, Pitcher; Lake Michigan strand at Chicago,
Illinois, Pammel, Laming, Millspaugh; Berkeley, California, (intro-
duced) Greene, Jepson. (Fayal, Azores, C. S. Brown 8.)

turbinate, with a slightly lipped

Cakile Alacranensis sp. nov.

C. maritima on p. 43.

Silique very turgid, 1.6 cm.
horizontal articulation. Upper,
joint conoidal, very thick walled,
2-grooved, i.i cm. long, orbicu-
lar in section, the apex straight
pointed; seed 3.1 x 1.8 mm.,
pinkish tinged with yellow, the
surfaces dotted with brownish
punctae, cotyledons strongly de-
marked. Lower joint fertile,
infundibuliform, but little more
than a swelling of the pedicel,
thin walled, ovate in section, 6
mm. long; seed 3.5 x 1.3 mm, cylindrical, well developed, usually
more thickly punctate than that of the upper joint.

Plants large and spreading, thick-stemmed, bushy-branching,
20-40 cm. high. Racemes 15-25 cm. long, densely fruited. Leaves
yellowish-green, spatulate-lanceolate, tapering to a partly clasping
petiolar base; entire, or rarely slightly crenate or crenate-dentate at
the apex, 3-7 cm. long, .8-2.1 cm. broad.

Habitat: Strand of Perez and Pajaros Islands, Alacran Shoals,
Gulf of Mexico, Millspaugh 1744, 1764, 1767 (see note concerning
these numbers on p. 43, comparing the living appearance of this
species with that of C. aequalis which grows upon Chico and Allison
Islands of these shoals).

(There is a sheet in herb. Gray, Cambridge, upon which is a leaf
and a portion of the inflorescence of C. fusiformis Greene, collected
at Key West, Florida, by Mr. Binney; associated with these is a
large packet of fruits of C. fusiformis, mixed with a still greater
number of upper joints of C. Alacranensis. Although there are no
formed fruits on the raceme of the flowering specimen attached to
this sheet, yet those in the packet are fully ripe. From whence
these mixed fruits came it is impossible to state.)

Cakile Alacranensis x aequalis hyb. nov.

A specimen collected on the strand at Palm Beach, Florida, by
Mr. H. J. Webber in 1895, No. 243 in herb. Mo. Bot. Garden, appears
to be a cross between these species, a highly possible result, as the
fruit of C. Alacranensis could reach that locality on the current of
the Gulf Stream which sweeps the shores of the Alacrans on its way
to the Florida keys.

Cakile Chapmanii sp. nov.
C. maritima cequalis Chapm.
Silique turgid, 2 cm. long,

the articulation nearly horizontal.

AUG. igoo.

PLANTVE UTOWAN^E — MILLSPAUGH.

Upper joint fusiform, thick - walled, 6 - grooved, 1.3 cm. long,

elliptic in section, blunt pointed
at the apex; seed 3.8 x 1.7 mm.,
pinkish, the cotyledons strongly
demarked. Lower joint globose,
.7 cm. long, strongly 8-ribbed;
seed 3.5 x 1.7 mm.

Stems erect, terete, whitish;
branches virgate, 60-70 cm. long;
leaves 4-7 cm. long, lanceolate,
serrate-dentate especially be-
yond the middle, minutely ver-
rucose, narrowing to a slender
petiolar base.

A, ^i Habitat: South Florida, to

the mouth of the Mississippi
river.

Specimens examined: Indian river, Florida, Palmer ij (1874);
Florida, Chapman; Miami, Florida, Garber, No. 6472 in herb. U. S.
Nat. Mus. ; Ship Island, Mississippi, Tracy 5049; Islands of Missis-
sippi Sound, Hilgard; Borders of saline ponds, Mississippi Sound,
Mohr ; Perdido Bay, Alabama, Mohr. Bermuda, Kemp, where it
was doubtless carried by the Gulf Stream. •

CAKILE CUBENSIS Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp., 5:58.

C. Americana Cubensis deC.

C. maritima Cubemis Chapm.

C. cequalis Griseb. in reference to Wright's No. 1868, which
specimen is, however, contrary to his description of C.
aequalis in Fl. Br. W. I. 14.

Silique inverted turbinate, 1.8 cm. long, the articulation slightly
angled and lipped. Upper joint some-
what turgid, inverted-turbinate, i.i cm.
long, 2-angled, globose in section, and
marked by 10 evident sulci; seed red-
dish-brown, 4.5x1.9 mm., somewhat
flattened. Lower joint terete, appear-
ing like a thickening of the pedicel, .7
cm. long, quite ligneous in texture, un-
marked by angles or grooves; seed
cylindric, 3.8 x 1.3 mm.

Leaves lanceolate, narrowing to a
blunt apex and a slender petiolar base,
the margin entire (Wright No. 1863 in
herb. Gray, Cambridge), or rarely the
root-leaves irregularly and distantly cre-
nate or slightly serrate (Wright No. 1863 in herb. U. S. Nat. Mus.),
or all strongly serrate-dentate (Wright No. 1863 in herb. Torrey, in
N. Y. Bot. Card.).

Habitat: Keys of Florida, to Yucatan coast.

132

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — BOTANY, VOL. 2.

Specimens examined: Key West, Florida, Tweedy 138; Cuba,
Wright 1863; Port Antonio, Jamaica, Fredholm 3168, March jj ; Pro-
greso, Yucatan, Millspaugh 7 (1887); Celestun, Yucatan, Schott 376 ;
Island of Cozumel, Gaunter, 139.

CAKILE CAKILE (Linn.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl., 663.
Bunias Cakile Linn.
Cakile maritima Scop.

Silique turgid, 2 cm. long, with a strongly lipped and sharply

angled articulation, hastate by two
more or less prominently project-
ing horns. Upper joint mitriform,
thick-walled, 2-angled, 1.5 cm.
long, nearly orbicular in section,
the apex ensiform, acute; seed 4.3
X2-5 mm., bright red, cotyledons
strongly demarked. Lower joint
generally fertile, hastate, compara-
tively thick-walled, 6 mm. long,
2-angled, ellipsoid in section; seed
4.6x 2 mm., more nearly cylindri-
cal than that of the upper joint.

Leaves laciniate-pinnatifid, the
divisions much more slender than in the following species.

Habitat: Northern Europe, especially the Baltic strand.
Though mentioned by various authors as growing in America, it is
found only on ballast grounds near the greater ports.

American specimens examined: Communipaw Ferry, Jersey City,
New Jersey, Addison Brown " Jf," in herb. Gray, Cambridge; Jersey
City, New Jersey, Schrenk; Camden, New Jersey, Parker; Greenwich
Point, Philadelphia, Parker 10990, in herb. Mo. Bot. Garden; Wil-
mington, North Carolina, Gerald McCarthy in herb. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
227153.

CAKILE MONOSPERMA Lange, PI. Nov. Hisp. , 1:5, t. 7.

Silique fusiform, curved, 1.1-1.4 cm. long, the articulation in-
conspicuous, almost horizontal. Up-
per joint turgid, sharply quadrangu-
lar, long-pointed, strongly angled
and prominently marked by anastom-
osing veins between the angles,
diamond-shaped in section, the walls
thin; seed reddish, elongated, 5x 1.8
mm. Lower joint sterile, 1.5 mm.,
reduced to an apparent enlargement
of the short pedicel and showing only
a vestige of a cavity.

Prostrate, the lower leaves dis-
tantly pinnatifid, the few segments ligulate, entire, rounded at the
apex; upper leaves spatulate, dentate at the rounded apex; upper-
most leaves papillate with'one or two rudimentary laciniae.

AUG. 1900. PLANTS UTOWAN^: — MILLSPAUGH. 133

Habitat: West coast of France, Spain and Portugal, and in
ballast ground on the American seaboard. St. Jean de Luz, France,
Ball; Boulogne, France, L. F. Ward; Geronde, Spain, ferret.

American specimens examined: Ballast near Communipaw Ferry,
Jersey City, New Jersey, Addison Brown, Sept. 1880, in herb. Col-
umbia University at New York Bot. Garden, and in herb. Gray,
Cambridge.

CAKILE DOMINGENSIS Tuss. Fl. Ant., 1:119 (1808).

I have been unable to find an Antillean specimen that will
agree with the description of this species. It may be distinct.
Neither the description nor the geographic location admit of its be-
ing C. maritima Scop, as synonomized in Index Kew.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA