io, ‘ : y Hees ia ye Oh tah ln oh Ae ‘ t ‘ ‘a ered , ‘tN : Mule var 9 te) HERS» ty § si ie ‘ ee ear 79 PRET Ae OM Ha a pray prs a rie} a y sh Lita baa Nh aes ad ees ca ey An Na aa Re stuf hy cee t ry u : j 7* 4 “ ‘ ¢ hy y 7 ti = | a P hhede / he bata y) ie (A 3 , . ey, : O wen a ae naa w ki ray Mn. Fhe Shy? esqyy’ ane’ y 4d ’ We Re : Y i be ( wut Fy ; ‘ a M ‘ ‘ t ts ¥ : v4 ‘ j ; ‘ 4 a oie { u he dal 4 . wt . te : ‘ Fi 4 : % yb oily i wb Deak a Peles 0 REAL ese \ habe, FATAL Vh ee ek SA dhe oat 4 civ Hl anaeeay* ae ‘ ; MP IAa comb Cant ea ead AL PR RR ‘ my ne ae oe a. ne AY a 4) in eA ely ick hah Wawa h " py? be 5 Wa dyerh ig : let ulutisbef yh . Ditech 4 OL SPAS odh ak le hy ta MA * A alps ig al a> 44 po haw , 7 heh) fey ae \y ' v on ot! y . / | Shore ‘e Ne ae oa) ae aol a | , , way Aye hy ie ’ Ac) bey Vda Ave mt ‘ ' vy t my wy) - yer é fi-\ y i? x , 4 . ie “3 eNe Aiivs th sicie , > uy hea hia ; : 4 4 Ye ‘ : ; ae She Ay yee iy le hy Wi ay re ae " wht a i rf ’ ied wre 4 ] estos ree i t i * Webi : 4 wy i) rte ors og t fur ay i re 4 bi Se ee at rh ‘ord chetneee Bp VP AOR yA nat sh oA halby wel i Hin api h Pe tg | Wy | wv ve 0 fy Wnty A ip 1 1 vO Aaah a iat y deals GUE Mele SB then, BY ey iy ya Wee ' Mak 7 Gate } as, ta poate hss Ki gd rece tee) why kB ng ] 58 6 SPL ised Ls te , we At ted oH pga ty or ayy Pain By Sone Tae +e >> Beek NAY Bs WITH A VIEW TO A= | Sa REVISED EDITION. eH HH HW H The Author of “Plant Names and Synonyms” re- quests that any one who finds omitted frem the list of popular synonyms any name in actual use in any part of the United States, shall communicate such omission to him at once, at the address below. Do not delay be- cause’it is only a single name, or because the name is misapplied. If possible state in what region the name is known to be in use. Any other corrections that should be made in names or in statements of fact will be gratefully received. A. B. LYONS. WD Laboratory of ak NELSON, BAKER & CO., DETROIT, MICH. x ia ? ) & ~NS ag a Sy tee a i TO es as eee So “wie PLANT NAMES SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR INCLUDING IN THE CASE OF EACH PLANT THE CORRECT BOTANICAL NAME IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REFORMED NOMENCLATURE, TOGETHER WITH BOTANICAL AND POPULAR SYNONYMS AND VERNACULAR GERMAN, FRENCH AND SPANISH NAMES. THE LIST COM- PRISES ALL IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH THEIR PHARMA- COPOEIAL NAMES, THE PRINCIPAL FOOD PLANTS OF THE WORLD AND ALL OTHERS OF ANY ECONOMIC IMPORT- ANCE, GIVING ESPECIAL PROMINENCE TO THOSE WHICH ARE INDIGENOUS IN THE UNITED STATES. COMPILED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC SOURCES Spy A. B. LYONS, M. D. ~a-* 2,3 BRA R a (1) Nie ? 2 = : ae RY EW YOR K DETROIT. “BOTANICAL NELSON, BAKER & CO., PUBLISSQR§, « w- 1900. LRDE Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1900 ‘ By A. B. Lyons, M. D. i é* os _& ue oe =2W YORK SOTANIC: é NA RDER EY lyeoe ra, Bs. Plant synonomy is a fascinating but a most intricate study. Every plant is supposed to have a “‘correct’’ botanical name, and ean have only one such. As a matter of fact there are few plants ; that have not been over and over rechristened by scientific botanists, ; each one maintaining that his is its only really ‘‘correct’’ designa- tion. Out of the endless confusion there is at last emerging order and uniformity. At the Botanical Congress held at Paris in 1867 the principle } was definitely adopted that the scientific designation of a plant should be in every case the name first applied to it (with suitable definition and description ), provided that name had not been pre- viously applied to another plant. This rule has necessitated many changes in the current nomenclature. The names adopted in this book have been brought as far as possible into accordance with the ; reformed nomenclature. In the case of our indigenous plants, the names given by Britton and Brown in their recently published ‘‘Flora of the Northern States and Canada, have been adopted with very few exceptions as conforming to the new rules. The attempt has r _ been made to adhere to the principle also in the case of exotic q Ss plants, but it has not been always possible to consult original au- > thorities. In a number of instances where the new rule requires _ changes in name which have undoubtedly been already made by _., botanists, but for which authority could not be found, my own name ies appears as authority, indicating that the responsibility is mine. =a It has been my endeavor to make the list of popular synonyms as complete and at the same time as authentic as possible. It has not been difficult to gather popular names of the plants ot Europe, particularly of Great Britain. In our own country popular names are used in a very haphazard manner, and there has never been any attempt to gather all the names adopted in different localities. _ From the most reliable sources of information at my command I have gleaned a large number of the current popular names. a A PREFACE, Book names, such as those adopted by botanists for the various species of a genus, hardly come within the scope of this work, al- though some such are given. Where there are several plants be- longing to one genus, there is likely to be a good deal of interchang- ing of popular names. In general, however, each name is consider- ed to belong properly to some one species and should be restricted thereto, and in a book of synonyms like this, names must be given as though this were the actual practice. Although aside from the main purpose of this work, I have indicated the origin and meaning of many popular names, and I have also given as far as possible, the etymologies of the Latin generic names. The principle of double credit for authority of botanical names has been applied whenever practicable. It has not been possible always to ascertain which was the earlier of two specificnames. In such cases only the single credit is given. Synonyms under the various genera are in the true sense synonyms only when followed by authority. Synonyns ‘in part’’ are generic names that, for reasons good or bad, have been applied © by botanists to some of the plants of the genus in question. In the English names, the orthography of the Century Diction- ary has been given the preference, alternative forms being, how- ever, also recognized, those now obsolete often in parenthesis. I have endeavored to include in this enumeration: Ist, All the more important plants used medicinally in our country, in- cluding many which are practically obsolete yet may be sometimes asked for in drug stores. 2nd. Plants of economic value, especially those furnishing important food stuffs. Pasture grasses, however, — and many forage plants, as well as the multitude of plants cultivat- ed in gardens and greenhouses for ornament, I have been com- pelled by limit of space to omit. 3rd. Plants indigenous to any part of the United States. The name of every genus of flower- ing plants known to occur in North America, north of Mexico is given, with a brief description and statement of its geographical dis- tribution. Only genera of grasses and of sedges are excepted, this omission giving room to include those of ferns and Lycopods. In each case a statement is made of the number of species found “in U. S$.” which must be understood to include also those of British America, the number being generally that of the species included in ny the catalogue recently (1898) published by A. A. Heller, of North American plants North of Mexico. ' ~) PREFACE. The book should thus be of interest and value to every one in- terested in American botany. It is, however, more especially in- tended to meet the practical needs of the retail druggist, who is of- ten called upon to supply some root, bark or herb of which only an unfamiliar popular name is known to the customer. For the benefit of the druggist also the pharmacopoeial names are given of all drugs official in the United States, Great Britain, Germany and France, and also the unofficial Latin as well as the vernacular German, French and Spanish names of the several drugs or plants. Medicin- al properties are also succinctly stated. The greatest care has been taken to render the book accurate in its scientific information and complete and authentic in its synon- omy. A copious index serves as a key to this mass of information, enabling the reader to turn instantly to the desired paragraph. Laboratory of NELSON, BAKER & CO. JANUARY, 1900. EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS. Ady. . Adventive. Br. British Pharmacopoeia. Cort. Cortex. Cult. Cultivated. Fol. Folia. Fr. French name. Ger. German name. H. Herb. (Kew) Name given preference in Index Kewensis. P.G. German Pharmacopoeia. Nat. Naturalized. R. Radix. Rh. Rhizome. Sp. Spanish name. sp. Species. Syn. Synonym or Synonyms. .S. United States. (i. e. N. America, North of Mexico). . S. P. United States Pharmacopoeia. Name better applied to another plant. Name improperly applied to this plant. A verbal corruption. Book name, found in manuals of Botany, ete. Obsolete, vulgar or provincial name. PLANT NAMES 3 AND = SYNONYMS. 1. ABAMA, Adans. 1763. Bog Asphodel. - Melanthacex. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Narthecium, Juss. 1789. Small perennial herbs. Four known species, northern Hemis- phere; 2 in U.S. a. A. Americana (Ker) Morong (Narthecium Americana Ker, N. ossifragum var. Americanum Gray). Southern New Jersey. American Bog Asphodel, Bastard or Lancashire Asphodel, Moor-grass, Rosa-Solis*. 2. ABIES, Juss. Ft uasy ibe t pads rac, 2, eae The ancient Greek name. Syn. Pinus, Picea, in part. Ever- green trees, mountains and high latitudes of north temperate zone. About 20 species; 12 in U. S. a. A. Abies (L.) Rusby (Pinus Abies L., P. excelsa Lam., P. Picea Du Roi, Picea excelsa Link). Northern Europe and Asia, also in Alps. Norway Spruce, Spruce Fir, Galipot tree; Ger. Fich- te; Fr. Pesse, Epicéa, Faux Sapin (Codex). The resinous exu- date is known as frankincense; from this is prepared Bur- gundy Pitch; Pix Burdundica U.S. P., Br., Resina pini bur- gundica, Pix alba; Ger. Burgunder Harz, Burgunder Pech; Fr. Poix de Bourgogne, Poix des Vosges, Poix jaune (Codex). Stimulant, vulnerary, revulsive, etc. Leaf buds and shoots used in making spruce beer. b. A. balsdmea (L.) Mill. (Pinus balsamea L.). British America, south to Virginia and Mjnnesota. Balsam Fir, Balm of Gilead Fir, Balsam tree, American Silver Fir, Fir Pine, Blister Pine, Single Spruce*. Oleoresin from the bark: Canada Balsam, Bal- sam of Fir; Terebinthina canadensis, U.S. P., Br., Balsamum Canadense; Ger. Canadischer Terpentin; Fr. Baume du Wana- da (Codex), Térébinthine du Canada. Terebinthinate, ex- pectorant, etc. ce. A. Fraseri (Pursh) Lindl. (Pinus Fraseri Pursh). Virginia to Tennessee. Fraser's Balsam Fir, Southern Balsam Fir, Mountain Balsam-tree, Balsam, She-balsam, Double Spruce*. Oleoresin resembles that of (b) and is sometimes substituted therefor. . 8 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS d. A. magnifica Murray. California Magnificent Fir§, California Silver Fir, Red Fir, Queen-of-the Sierras. The largest of all Firs. A valuable timber tree. The Shasta Fir and Golden Fir are varieties of this species. e. A. nobilis Lind. Washington and Oregon. Noble Fir, Larch.t f. A. Picea (L.) Lyons (Pinus Picea L., Pinus pectinata Lam., P. Abies DuRoi, A. alba Mill, A. pectinata D.C. (Kew. ), A. excelsa Link., not Poir). Europe. Silver Fir, European Silver Fir, Silver Pine, Strassburg Pine, Tanne; Ger. Weisstanne, Edeltanne; Fr. Sapin argenté. Resinous exudate, Strassburg Turpentine; Terebinthina argentoratensis; Fr. Térébenthine d’ Alsace, des Vosges ou de Strasbourg, Térébenthine au citron (Codex). Resembles Venice turpentine. 3. ABRONIA, Juss. - Abronia. - Nyctaginacez. From Greek, ‘“graceful,’’ of the flowers. Syn. Cycloptera, Tricratus, in part. Annual or perennial herbs, some ornamen- tal. About 15 species; 12in U.S., mostly western. 4, ABRUS, L. Abrus, Indian Licorice, etc. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘graceful,’’ of the seeds. Syn. Zaga, in part. Shrubby climbers or sub-shrubs. About 95 species, tropical regions. a. A. precatérius L. (Glycine Abrus L., A. minor Desy.). India, cult. in most tropical countries. Indian Licorice (Liquorice), Wild Licorice, Red-bean vine; Ger. Indisches Sitissholz; Fr. Liane & réglisse. Réglisse indienne, Herbe 4 beau-pére. Seeds, Jequirity ( Brazil), Quequiri, Crab’s-eyes, Jumble-beads, John- Crow beans, Love-peas, Black-eyed Susan; Semen abri; Ger. Paternostererbsen; Fr. Pois d’ Amérique. Irritant, used in treatment of ophthalmia. Root, a poor substitute for licorice root. 5. ABUTA, Aubl. False Pareira Brava. Menispermacez. From vernacular Brazilian name. Syn. Anelasma, Miers. Shrubby climbers with coriaceous leaves. About 8 species, tropical America. a. A. amara Aublet. (The Index Kewensis makes this a synonym of Aristolochia glaucescens H. B. K.). Brazil. Reputed source of Yellow Pareira brava. b. A. ruféseens Aublet. Brazil. White Pareira brava, Butua (vernacular ). 6. ABUTILON, Gaertn. (Abutilaea). Abutilon. _ Malvaceae. Name given by Arabian Avicenna, d. 1037. Herbs, shrubs or even trees. About 90 species, mostly tropical and sub-tropic- al; 18 in U. 8., mostly south-western. a. A. Abuitilon (L.) Rusby (A. Avicennae Gaertn.). Southern Asia, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere. Velvet-leaf, Indian Mallow, American Jute, Butter-weed, Butter-print, Button- a4 “ SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. g weed, Cotton-weed, American Hemp*, Indian Hemp*, Mormon- weed, Pie-marker, ’Pie- print, Sheep-weed, Velvet-w eed. Plant, especially flowers, mucilaginous like Althaea. b. A. Indicum Don, India, and other species have similar proper- ties. 7. ACACIA, Adans. Acacia, Wattle ( Australia). Mimosaeeae. The Greek name, meaning ‘“‘thorny.” ‘Trees.and shrubs. About 450 species, mostly sub-tropical, especially of Africa and Australia; 16 in U.S a. A. Arabica (Lam.) Willd.( Mimosa Arabica Lam. The species probably includes also A. Adansonii Guil. & Per., A. Nilotica Delile and A. vera Willd.). Indiato Senegambia. Egyptian Gum Arabic tree, Egyptian Thorn. Vernacular names are Kikar and Babur. Bark, (Babul, Babulah or Baboot bark) astrin- gent, used in tanning as are the pods (nebneb). The tree is the probable source of gum Mogador, called also Morocco and Bar- bary gum. See(k.) The tree produces alsolac. See Croton aromaticus. b. A. Catechu (L. f.) Willd. (Mimosa Catechu L. f.) East Indies and Ceylon, nat. in Jamaica. Catechu tree. Extract pre- pared from the wood is the Catechu of medicine and og eutch of tannery also called cashoo and gambir*; CatechuU.S. P., P. G., Terra japonica, Catechu nigrum; Ger. Katechu, Pegukatechu: Fr. Cachou de Pégu, Casheuttie (Codex). A powerful astring- ent. ce. A. deeirrens Willd. Australia. Black Wattle-tree. Bark as- tringent, used in tanning and for making a variety of cutch or terra japonica. The tree yields also a fair quality of gum, (Australian gum, Wattle gum). d. A. Farnesiana Willd. (A. Indica Desv.). Tropical and sub- tropical America, Texas to California, also cult. in Europe. Cassie, Cassia-flower tree, Sponge tree, Huisache (Texas), Matitas ( Mexico. ), Kala ( Hawaii), Opopanax*.’ Flowers, much used in perfumery. Shrub also yields gum. e. A. stenocarpa Hochst. Abyssinia and Nubia. Source of Suakin or Savakin gum, called also Suak, Talha and Talea gum. f. A. Gréggii A. Gray. Texas to Mexico. One of the plants which vields lac. See Croton aromaticus. g. A. homalophylla Cunningham. Australia. Myall., Violet- wood. Wood fragrant, used for tobacco-pipes, ete. h. A. hérrida Willd. South Africa. Doorn-boom (i. e. Thorn- : ) tree) Karra-doorn, Karoo Thorn. Source of the Cape gum. Ae Bark used in tanning. AN «i, A. melanéxylon R. Br. Southeastern Australia. Black-wood tree, Light wood*. Wood valuable for cabinet work. 10 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS j. A. pyendntha Benth. Australia. Golden Wattle. Bark yields: a fine quality of cutch. ‘ k. A Sénegal Willd (A. Verek Guil. & Per.) Kordofan to the Senegal. Gum Arabic tree, Acacia. Gummy exudate of this. and other species is gum acacia or gum Arabic; Acacia, U. 8. P., Acaciae Gummi, Br., Gummi arabicum, Gummi mimosae, P. G.; Ger. Arabisches Gummi, Mimosen-gummi; Fr. Gomme- arabique vraie (Codex); Sp. Goma arabiga.; Mucilaginous, demulcent. ]. A. Stima (Roxb. ) Kurz (Mimosa Suma Roxb., A. Catechu W. & A., not Willd.). Southern India. Source of part of the Catechu of commerce. Other species of Acacia yielding gum are (m.) A. Ehyenbergidna Hayne, Arabia and upper Egypt, Seyah; (n.) A. Séyal Delile (A. fistula Schweinf. ), Thirsty Thorn and (o.) A. tértilis Hayne called Seyal or Seyaleh. Commercial! varieties of gum are Hashabi or Kordofan pum, Sennaar or Sennari gum, Geddaor Jidda gum and gum Tor or Turic, besides those already mentioned. The finest selected white gum is known as Turkey gum. 8. ACAENA, L. - Acaena. . Rosaceae. Syn. Ancistrum, Forst. Herbs, some shrubby. About 40 species, New World, especially S. America, to Australia; 1 in U2. 9, ACALYPHA, L. Three-seeded Mercury. Euphorbiaceex. Greek name of a Nettle. Syn. Cupameni, Adans. Herbs. or shrubs. About 230 species, mostly tropical and sub-tropi- cal; 9 in U.S. a. A. Virginica L. Ontario and eastern U. S. Mercury-weed, Virginia Three-seeded Mercury?. Plant reputed expectorant and diuretic. 10. ACAMPTOPAPPUS, A. Gray. - - Composite. From Greek, ‘‘rigid pappus.” Syn. Aplopappus, (Haplo- pappus) in part. Low desert shrubs. Two known species, both in southwestern U. S. 11. ACANTHOCHITON, Torr. Acanthochiton. Amaranthacer. From Greek, ‘‘Thorny Cloak.” Dioecious herb, one species. Texas to Arizona. 12. ACANTHOMINTHA, A. Gray. Acanthomintha. Labiate.. From Greek, “thorny Mint.’? Low annuals. Two known species, Pacific Coast, U. S. 18, ACANTHOSCYPHUS, Small. ‘ . Polygonaceex. From Greek, ‘‘thorny cup. 1 in U. 8. 14. ACANTHOSPERMUM, Schrank. - - Composite. From Greek, ‘‘thorny seed.’’? Syn. Centrospermum, H. B. K. Diffuse annuals with bur-like fruit. About 5 species, tro- pical regions; 2 nat. in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. Bi 15. ACANTHUS.L. - Acanthus. - Acanthacew. Ancient Greek name of any thorny or prickly plant, ap- plied later particularly to this genus. Robust herbs with orna- mental foliage. About 15 species, Mediterranean region. a. A. mollis L. Southern Europe. Acanthus, Branc-ursine, Bear’s breech, Culberdill||, Sedockel]. 16. ACER, L. - Maple. - Aceraceae. [Sapindacez. ] The Latin name, from ‘“‘pointed’’ lobes of the leaves. Syn. Negundo, in part. Trees and shrubs. About 100 species, North temperate zone; 15 in U. S. a. A. nigrum Michx. (A. saccharinum, var nigrum T. & Gr. ) Ontario to Alabama, west to Louisiana and Minnesota. Black Sugar Maple, Black Maple, Hard Maple. Sap rich in sugar. fee . A. Negundo L. (Negundo aceroides Moench, N. Negundo (L. } Karst. ). Ontario to Mexico, but rare near Atlantic coast. Ash-leaved Maple, Box Elder, Cut-leaved or Red River Maple, Black Ash*, Maple Ash, Water Ash, Sugar Maple*. ce. A. Pennsylyanicum L. (A. striatum Du Roi). Nova Scotia, south to Tennessee. Striped or Goose-foot Maple, Northern Maple, Moosewood, False or Striped Dogwood, Whistle-wood. d. A. Pseudo-Platanus L. Europe and western Asia, cult. in Sycamore Maple,Succamoret, Spurious or Mock Plane- tree, Whistle-wood. e..A. ribrum L. Canada to Florida and Texas. Red, Scarlet or Water Maple, Swamp Maple; White, Hard or Shoe-peg Maple, also Soft Maple*. f. A. saccharinum L. (A. dasycarpum Erhr., A. eriocarpum Michx.). Canada to Florida, west to Indian Territory and Da- kota. Silver or Silver-leaf Maple, Soft or White Maple; Creek, River, Swamp or Water Maple, Red Maple*. Sap yields com- paratively little sugar. A. Sdaecharum Marsh (A. saccharinum Wang, not L., A. bar- batum Michx. ). Canada to Florida, west to Texas and Nebras- ka. Sugar Maple, Rock Maple, Sugar Tree, Black Maple. Sap the source of most of the maple sugar. oR > . A. spiedtum Lam, (A. montanum Ait.). Canadato N. Caro- lina, west to Minnesota. Mountain Maple; Low, Moose, Swamp or Water Maple. 17. ACERATES, Ell. 1817. Milk-weed*. — Asclepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hornless,’’ of the corona. Syn. Polyotus, Nutt., 1835., Asclepias in part. Milky perennial herbs, resemb- ling Asclepias. Seven species, North America; 5 in U. 8. 18. ACHILLEA.L. - Yarrow, Milfoil. - Composite. Greek name, the plant with which ‘‘ Achilles’’ healed Tele- phus. Herbs, mostly perennial, with numerous small flower- heads. About 75 species, mostly of Old World; 3 nat. in U. S. 12 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS «. A. Millefélium L. Europe and Asia, naturalized in U.S... Yar- row, (Yarroway, Yerrow) Milfoil, Thousand-leaf, Thousand- leaved Clover, Green-arrow, Camilt, Cammock*, Dog-daisy (rordolobo, Nosebleed, Bloodwort “ Carpenter’ s-grass, Sanguinary, Soldiers’ Woundwort, Old-man’s-pepper, Tansy}; Ger. Schaf- garbe, Schafgrippe, Gachelkraut, Feldgarbe; Fr. Millefeuille, Herbe aux Charpentiers. The flowering plant or flowers, Sum- mitates (Flores) millefolii s. Achillez. Stimulant tonic, vulnerary, astringent, diuretic. b. A. mosehata, Jacq. (Ptarmica moschata DC.,) Switzerland. Iva; Ger. Iva, Genippkriuter; Fr. Génépi blane. The plant, Herba ivae, H. genippi veri, stimulant, antispasmodic. ec. A. nébilis L. Central and Southern Europe. Noble Yarrow; Ger Edelgarbe Edelschafgarbe. Considered more active than common Yarrow. d. A. Ptarmiea L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U. 8S. Smeezewort ( Neesewort ), White Tansy, Sneezewort Yarrow or Tansy, Goose- tongue; Wild, European or Bastard Pellitory, Fair-maid-of- France, Seven- year’s-love; Ger. Bertramgarbe, Bertramskraut; Fr. Herbe & Eternuer. “Root sternutatory, acrid, sialagogue. [Other European species used like A. Millefolium are (er) A. | ageratum L., Maudlin Tansy, (f.) A. atrata L., Iva, (g.) A. nana L., Dwarf Iva. ] 19. ACHLYS, DC. = Achlys. - Berberidacez. From Greek, ‘‘mist.’’ Scapose herbs. Two known species, one in Japan; lin U.S 20. -ACHRAS, L. - - Sapodilla. - - Sapotaceae. : Greek name of a wild Pear. A tree. One species only. a. A. Sapodta L. (Sapota Achras Mill.) Tropical America. Sapo- dilla, Sapodilla Plum, Naseberry. Bark, (Jamaica bark, ) astringent, febrifuge. Seeds aperient, diuretic. The tree is said to yield also chicle gum. See Mimusops. 21. ACHROANTHES, Raf. 1808. Adder’s-mouth. Orchidaceae. From Greek ‘‘green flowered.’’ Syn. Microstylis, Nutt, 1818. Low perennials with racemes of small flowers. About 40 species; 4in U.S. . 22. ACHYRACHAENA. Schauer. Achyrachaena. Composite. From Greek, ‘‘chaffy fruited.’’ Annual herb, the rather large heads nearly rayless. One species, California. 23. ACLEISANTHUS, A. Gray. Acleisanthus. Nyetaginacez, From Greek, with “flowers not enclosed.’’ Herbs, some shrubby. About 6 species, warmer region N. America; 5 in southwestern U. §. 24. ACNIDA,L. - Water-hemp. - Amaranthaceae, — From Greek, ‘“‘stingless.’’ Syn. Amaranthus, in part. An- nual herbs resembling Amaranth. About 5 species, all of Eastern N. America and West Indies. b re = 7 > : = aga cM Ba | omy SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. LS 25. ACONITUM,L. Monkshood, Wolfsbane,ete. Ranunculaceae. The ancient Greek name. Ornamental, but poisonous peren- nial herbs resembling Delphinium. About 18 species, moun- tainous regions of north temperate zone; 7 in U. 5. & A. Anthéra Lin. Europe. Yellow Helmet-flower. Root bit- ter, tonic. b. A. Chinénse Siebold and (c.) A. Japénicum Thunberg, yield respectively the Chinese and Japanese Aconite roots. (d.) A. Fischeri Reich. of Japan is, however, more active than either of these. ia") . A. férox Wallich (A. virosum Don). Himalaya mountains. Indian Aconite, Bish, Bishma, Bikh-root; Fr. Aconit féroce (Codex). Root even more active than that of (i. ) rh ie heterophyllum Wallich. Himalaya mountains. Atis. Root tonic, febrifuge, not acrid. . A. Lyeéetonum L. Europe. Great Yellow Wolfsbane, Bad- ger’s-bane, Bear’s-bane, Hare’s-bane, Beast-bane. Leaves used as a pot herb in Lapland. oe h. A. palmdtum Don. India. Root, called Bishma or Bikhma, bitter, not acrid. A. Napéllus L. (A. variabile Hayne, A. vulgare DC.). Moun tains of Europe and Asia. Aconite, Monkshood, Monkey?, Wolfsbane, Friars’-cap, Friars’ -cowl, Cuckoo’s-cap, Face-in-hood, Jacob’s-chariot, Blue-rocket, Old-wives-mutches||, Mousebane, Wolfroot; Ger. Eisenhut, Sturmhut; Fr. Aconit Napel (Codex). The tuberous root, Aconitum, U. 8. P., Aconiti radix Br., Tubera aconiti, P. G. Arterial and nervous sedative, anodyne. The principal alkaloid, aconitine, is one of the most active poisons known. Leaves, Aconiti folia, Br., much inferior in activity to the tubers. me j. A. reclindtum A. Gray. Virginia to Georgia. Trailing Wolfs- bane or Monkshood. k. A. uncindtum L. Pennsylvania to Georgia, west to Wisconsin. Wild Monkshood or Wolfsbane. 26. ACORUS, L. = Sweet Flag. - Araceae. The Greek name. Reed-like plants with thick root-stocks. Only 2 species, 1 of Japan, the other of north temperate zone. a. A. Cdlamus L. Europe, Asia and N. America. Sweet Flag, Calamus, Calmus (New Jersey ),Sweet Cane, Sweet Grass, Sweet _ Myrtle, Sweet Rush, Sweet Sedge, Sweet Segg, Sweet root, Cinnamon Sedge, Myrtle Flag, Myrtle Grass, Myrtle Sedge, Beewort; Ger. Kalmus; Fr. Acore vrai, (Codex ), Acore odorant; Sp. Ital. Calamo aromatico. The Rhizome, Calamus, U. 8. P.; Rhizoma Calami, P. G., Radix acori, Rad. calami aromatici. Aromatic, stimulant, carminative. 14 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 27. ACROSTICHUM, L. Acrostichum. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, meaning not evident. Syn. Chrysodium, in part.- A large evergreen fern. One species. Marshes in tro- pical regions (Florida). 28. ACTABA, L. Baneberry, Cohosh. Ranuneulaceae. Greek name of the Elder. Perennial herbs with compound leaves. Four species, north temperate zone; 3 in U. 8. a. A. alba (L.) Mill. (A. spicata var. alba L.). British America, south to Georgia and Missouri. White Cohosh, White Bane- berry, Herb Christopher, Rattlesnake-herb, Necklace-weed, Blue Cohosh, White-beads, White Grapewort, White-berry, Snakeroot*. Rhizome of this and the two following species acrid, emeto-cathartic, parasiticide. b. A. rubra ( Ait.) Willd. (A. spicata var. rubra Ait.) Canada and northeastern U. 8S. Red Cohosh, Red Bane-berry, Coral-and- pearl. Poison-berry, Red-berry, Red-berry Snakeroot, Snake- berry, Toad-root, Herb Christopher, Rattlesnake-herb. c. A. spiedta L. Europe and Asia. Baneberry, Herb Christoph- er, Grapewort, Rattlesnake-herb, Scalbegres||; Ger. Christophs- wurz, Wolfswurz; Fr. Racine de Saint Christophe. 29. AOCTINOLEPIS, A. Gray. Actinolepis. Composite. From Greek, ‘‘ray scale.’? Syn. Eriophyllum, in part. Low winter-annuals. Five known species, all of California. 30. ACTINOSPERMUM, Ell. 1824. Actinospermum. Compositae From Greek, ‘“‘ray seed.’? Syn. Baldwina, Nutt. 1818 [mot Baldwinia, Raf. 1818, although this name has been commonly applied.] Annual or perennial herbs with large yellow-rayed flower heads. Two species, both of southeastern U. S. 31. ACUAN, Med. Theod., 1786. Mimosa. Mimosacezx. Vernacular name. Syn. Desmanthus, Willd. 1806 and Dar- lingtonia, DC. 1825. Perennial herbs or Mimosa-like shrubs. About 12 species. all but one of New World; 10 of Mexican border, U. 8. 32. ADANSONIA, L. Baobab, etc. Bombacew (Malvacew). Named for Michal Adanson, French naturalist, d. 1806. Syn. Baobab, Adans., Ophelus, Lour. Trees. Three known _ species, Old World. a. A, digitata L. Tropical Africa, nat. in East and West Indies. Baobab, Calabash-tree, African Cream-of-tartar tree, Ethio- pian Sour-gourd tree. Fruit, Monkey-bread, Bread-nut, Sour -gourd; Ger. Affenbrod; Fr. Pain des Singes. Acidulous, re- - frigerant as in the following species. Bark reputed febrifuge. b. A. Gregorii F. Muell. Australia. Gouty-stem tree, Austral- ian Baobab or Sour-gourd tree. ec. A. Madagascariénsis Bail. Madagascar. Fruit is called Cream- of-tartar fruit. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 15 33. ACYNTHA, Medic., 1786. Bowstring Hemp. Haemodorace Syn. Sansevieria, (Kew. ) Thunb. 1794 (Sansiviera). Herba- ceous plants, the leaves yielding a hemp-like fibre. About J2 species, East Indies and Africa. a. A. Roxburghiana (Schult. ) Lyons (Sansevieria Roxburghiana Schult.) India. Moorva, Marool, Bow-string Hemp. 34. ADELIA, P. Br. 1756. - Adelia. - Oleaceae. From Greek, ‘inconspicuous’. Syn. Forestiera, Poir. 1811. Shrubs or small trees. About 15 species, new world; 9 in U. S. 35. ADENANTHERA, L. Red Sandalwoodt, etc. Papilionaceae. From Greek. ‘‘gland-anthered.’”’ Syn. Stachychrysum, Trees or shrubs. About 5 species, tropical regions, Old World. a. A. pavonina L. East Indies. False Red Sandalwood. Scearlet seeds used as weights, like those of Abrus. : 36. ADENOCAULON, Hook. Adenocaulon. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘gland-stem’. Perennial herbs with small heads of tubular flowers. Three species, one each of Asia, S. America and N. America (U. S. ) 37. ADENOSTEGIA, Benth. Adenostegia. Scrophulariaceae. _ From Greek, ‘‘gland sheath.’? Syn. Cordylanthus, in part. annual herbs. About 16 species, Pacific coast, U. S. 38. ADENOSTOMA, Hook and Arn. Adenostoma. Rosaceae. From Greek, ‘‘gland mouth.” Unarmed evergreen shrubs with small flowers in panicled racemes. ‘Two species, Pacific border U. S. 39. ADHATODA, Nees. Malabar-nut. Acanthaceae. From vernacular, Malabar. Syn. Davernoya, E. Meyer, Justicia in part. Shrubs. About 6 species, tropical regions. a. A. Adhatoda (L.) Lyons (Justicia Adhatoda L., A. vasica Nees.) India. Malabar nut. Jruwit, also leaves and root, anti- spasmodic, febrifuge, ecbolic. 40. ADIANTUM, L. - Maidenhair. -- Polypodiaceae. The Greek name, ‘‘incapable of being wet.” Delicate ferns. 80 or 90 species, mostly of tropical America; 5 in U. S. a. A. Capillus-Véneris L. Warm parts of U.S. and of both hemi- spheres. Venus’-hair, Maidenhair, European Maidenhair Black Maidenhair (tree), Lady’s-hair, Dudder-grass; Ger. Frauen-haar, Venushaar; Fr. Capillaire de Montpelier (Codex); Sp. Culantrillo. Plant slightly astringent, expectorant. b. A. pedétum L. Canada and Northern U. §., also Alaska and western Asia. Maidenhair, American Maidenhair, Hair Fern, “Rock Fern; Ger. Nordamerikanisches Frauenhaar; Fr. Capil- laire du Canada (Codex). Properties of (a). Other species indigenous to those regions are employed similarly in Mexico and 8. America. 16 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 41. ADICEA, Raf. 1815. Clearweed, Coolweed,ete. Urtieaceae. Name unexplained. Syn. Pilea, Lindl. 1821. Annual or perennial stingless herbs. About 150 species, chiefly tropical; 2in U.S. a. A. pumila (L.) Raf. (Pilea pumila A. Gray). Canada and Eastern U. 8. Clearweed, Coolweed, Richweed, Stingless Nettle. 42, ADLUMIA, Raf. Climbing Fumitory. _ Papayeraceae. Named for John Adlum, gardener, of Washington. A deli- cate climber, one species only. a. A. fungésa ( Ait.) Greene (Fumaria fungosa Ait., A. cirrhosa Raf.) Canada and N. Carolina, west to Kansas. Climbing Fumitory, Mountain-fringe, Wood-fringe, Alleghany-fringe, Alleghany-vine, Canary-vine, Cypress-vine, Fairy-creeper. 43 ADOLPHIA, Meissn. - Adolphia. - Rhamnaceae. Syn. Ceanothus, Colletia, Colubrina, in part. Shrubs allied to Colubrina. Two known species, Southwestern U. §S. 44, ADONIS, L. Pheasant’ s-eye: Ranunculaceae. The Greek name; plant fabled to have sprung from the blood of Adonis. Ornamental annual or perennial herbs. About 6 species, temperate Asia and Europe; 1 nat. U. 8. Syn.; Ger. Adonisréschen; Fr. Adonide. a. A. aestvalis L. Europe and Asia, Summer Pheasant’ s-eye. b. A. annua L. 1753 (A. autumnalis L. 1763.) Southern Europe. Cult. in gardens and adv. U. 8S. Corn Pheasant’s-eye, Red Morocco, Red Mathas, Adonis-flower, Bird’s-eye, Purple or Red Camomile, Love-lies-bleeding*, Passeflower; Fr. Rose & rubie. e. A. vernalis L. Europe and Asia, Vernal Pheasant’s-eye, False Hellebore, Bird’s-eye, Ox-eye. The Herb, as of preceding species, is a cardiac tonic resembling digitalis in action. 45. ADOPOGON, Neck. 1790. Dwarf Dandelion, Goat’s-beard. _ Cichoreaceae. From Greek, ‘‘handsome beard.’’ Syn. Krigia, Schreb. 1791, also Cynthia, Hyposeris, in part. Dandelion-like an- nuals or perennials. Five species, all of U.S. | 46. ADOXA, has Musk-root, Moschatel. Adoxaceae. From Greek, ‘‘without glory.’’ Herb with tuberous root, one species. i a. A. moschatellina L. Arctic Europe Asia and N. America (U. S.) Musk-root, Moschatel. Other names are Hollow-root, Musk, Musk Crowfoot, Musk Wood-Crowfoot, Bulbous Fumi- tory, Gloryless. . 47. AEGLE, Correa. Bengal Quince. — Rutaceae. Name from Greek mythology, one of the Hesperides. Thorny aromatic trees. About 4 species, tropical Asia and Africa. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 17 a. A. Marmelos (L.) Correa (Crataeva Marmelos L., C. religiosa Ainsl., Feronia pellucida Roth.) India. Indian Bael (Bhel, Bel), Bengal Quince, Golden Apple; Ger. Bengalische Quitte; Fr. Coing du Bengale. The dried half-ripe fruit, Bele fructus, Br., astringent. 48. AEGOPODIUM, L. Gout-weed. Umbelliferae. The Greek name, ‘‘goat’s foot.’? One or two species, natives of Europe and Asia. a. A. Podagraria L. Europe, adv. in northeastern U. S. Gout- weed, Goutwort, Goat-weed, Herb Gerard, Wild or English Masterwort, Ax-weed, Ash-weed, White-ash herb, Ground Ash, Aiseweed, Dwarf or Bishop’s Elder, Dog Elder, Bishop’ s-weed, Garden-plague, Wild Aldert,Jack-jump-about. Plant reputed antiscorbutic and diuretic. 49. AESCHYNOMENE, L. = Joint-Vetch. —_ Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘ashamed,’’ from sensitiveness of leaves. Syn. Hedysarum, in part. Herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers. About 55 species, warm regions; 2 in U. 8. 50. AESCULUS, L. - MHorse-Chestnut. - Hippocastanaces. Latin name of Italian Oak. Syn. Hippocastanum. Trees or shrubs with digitate leaves. About 15 species, America and Asia; 7 in U.S. . A. glabra Willd. Michigan to Alabama, west to Indian Terri- tory. Ohio Buckeye, Fetid Buckeye, American Horse-Chest- nut. Wood used for artificial limbs, ete. 2 = A. Hippocastanum L. (H. vulgare Gaertn. ). Asia, nat. and cult. in Europe and U. 8. Horse-Chestnut, Bongay, Konker- tree; Ger. Rosskastanie; Fr. Chataignier d’ Inde; Sp. Castafio de Indias. Bark, Cortex hippocastani, Cort. castanee equine; Tonie, antiperiodic, antiseptic. Seeds (called by children con- querors, konkers or oblionkers) sternutatory, reputed narco- tic. o A. octandra Marsh. (A. lutea Wang., A. flava Ait.). Pennsyl- vania to Georgia, west to Texas and Iowa. Yellow or Large Buckeye, Sweet or Big Buckeye. d. A. Payia L. Southeastern U. 8. Red or Little Buckeye, Red- flowered Buckeye, Fish-poison. 51. AETHUSA, L. + Fool’s Parsley. - Umbellifere. Greek name, ‘‘burning,’’ of the taste. Annual herb resemb- ling Conium, a single species. a. A. Cyndpium L. Europe and Asia, adv. in U. 8. Fool's Parsley, Ass-parsley, False or Dog’s Parsley, Fool’s Cicely, Dill*, Dog-poison, Small or Lesser Hemlock; Ger. Hunds- petersilie, Dinhenaes iateaiiiad Fr. Ethuse, Petite cigué, Ache deschiens. Plant not poisonous, as reputed. 18 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 52. AFZELIA, J.G. Gmel. 1796. Afzelia. Serephulariacee. Named for Adam Afzelius, Swedish botanist, d. 1812. Syn. Seymeria, Pursh 1814, Gerardia, in part. Stout, yellow-flower- ed herbs. About 10 species, N. America and Madagascar; 6 in U.S. a. A. macrophylla (Nutt.) Kze. East central U. S. Mullen Foxglove. 53. AGARICUS, L. Mushroom, Toadstool. Hymenomyecetes. Syn. Toad’s-cap, Toad’s-hat, Toad’s-meat, Frog-stool. The name Toadstool applies properly to fungi of this genus, but is ® popularly extended to poisonous fungi generally. The genus includes many species of edible Mushrooms. a. A. campéstris L. Cosmopolitan. Mushroom, (Masheroom) Edible Mushroom, Kedgup Mushroom, Button Mushroom. To this and other species, are given the names Fairies -table, Pisky-stool, White-caps. Fungus esculent. 54. AGASTACHE, Clayt. 1762. = Giant Hyssop. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘many-spiked’’. Syn. Vleckia, Raf. 1808, Lophanthus, Benth. 1829 [mot Adans. 1763.] Tall perennial herbs. Four species, all of U. S. a. A. anethiodéra (Nutt.) Brit. (Lophanthus anisatus Benth., Hyssopus anethiodorus Nutt.) Illinois to Nebraska and north- ward. Fragrant Giant Hyssop. Anise Hyssop. 55. AGATHIS, Salish. 1807. - Wax Pine. - Pinaceae. Syn. Dammara, Lam. 1786, but}]this name is otherwise ap- plied. Large trees with leathery leaves. About 10 species, East Indies to New Zealand. a. A. australis (Lamb. ) Steud. (Dammara australis Lamb.). New Zealand. Kauri Pine. Source of Kauri resin,( New Zealand or Kauri Copal, Kauri gum). A magnificent tree furnishing ex- ceedingly valuable timber. b. A. loranthifélia Salisb. (A. Dammara Rich., Dammara alba Rumph., D. orientalis Lamb.). East Indies. Amboyna Pine, Dammar tree, Agath Dammar. -Resinous exudate, Dammara resin (Damar resin, Damar gum), whichis obtained also from (c.) A. ovata (C. Moore) Lyons, (D. ovata C. Moore) of New Caledonia and (d.) A. robusta (C. Moore) Lyons, (D. robusta C. Moore) of Queensland. 56. AGAVE, L. Agave, False Aloe. Amaryllidaceae. j From Greek, ‘‘noble.” Herbs with fleshy radical leaves and q tall scapes. About 140 species, all American; 18 in U. 8. 4 >» a. A. Americana L. Tropical America. American Aloe, Cen- tury-plant. Fresh juice saccharine, laxative, antiscorbutic. ‘ b. A. Ixtli Karw. Yucatan, “cult. in tropical countries. Sisal -hemp plant; Chelem, or Sacci of the Mexicans. Fibre of this ‘age and of other large species, a substitute for hemp, called Sisal sy -hemp, henequen or henequin. TOGA. te = SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 19 c. A. Mexiedna Lam. Mexico. Maguey plant. This and perhaps other species, yield the Mexican pu/que, which is simply the fermented juice, and mezcal, distilled from the same. d. A. Virginica L. Southern U. S., False Aloe, Rattlesnake’s Master, Virginian Agave. oot bitter, carminative. 57. AGERATUM, L. : Ageratum. . Compositae. Greek name of an aromatic plant, ‘‘not growing old.’’ Syn. Celestina, in part. Herbs with numerous small flower-heads. About 40 species, America, chiefly tropical; 3 in U. S. a. A. conyzoides L. (A- Mexicanum Hort.). Tropical America and cult. for ornament. Generally known as Agerdtum. 58. AGOSERIS, Raf. 1817. False Dandelion, etc. Cichoriaceaze. From Greek, ‘‘head Succory.’? Syn. Troximon, Nutt. 1813 [not Gertn. 1791]. Herbs mostly with radical leaves and dandelion-like flowers. About 25 species, N. and S. America, 23 in U.S. 59. AGRIMONIA, L. - Agrimony. - Rosaceae. The Latin name, perhaps transposed from Argemone. Perennial herbs with pinnate leaves and racemes of small yel- low flowers. About 15 species, north temperate zone and Andes; 7 in U. S. a. A. Eupatéria L. Europe. Agrimony (Egremoine, Egra- mounde, Hemony) European Agrimony, Cockle-bur*, Clive}, (aarelive||, Goosechite], Feverfewt, Harvest-lice, Liverwort*, . Stickwort, White or Wild Tansy*; Ger. Leberklette, Oder- mennig, Heil-aller-Welt; Fr. Aigrimoine (Codex), Eupatoire des Grecs. The flowering herb, H. agrimoniae, H. lappule hepatice. Astringent, antiscorbutic, taenicide. b. A. hirsuta (Muhl. ) Bicknell (A. Eupatoria var. hirsuta Mubl. ). Canada and Northeastern U. S., also California. Tall Hairy Agrimony4%, Beggarticks, Stick-seed, Stick-weed, Cockle-bur*. These names with synonyms of (a.) are applied also to other indigenous species, which have in general the properties of (a) | 60. AGROPYRON, J. Gaertn. | Wheat Grass' Gramineae. From Greek, ‘‘field wheat.” Syn. Triticum, in part. About 32 species; 22 in U. 8S. Pp a aa ee. ne _ Ae et ’ a. A. répens (L.) Beauv. (Triticum repens L.). Europe, North- ern Asia, nat. in U. 8. Couch-grass; Cooch-, Cutch- or Scutch -grass; Quitch-, Quick-, Twitch-, or Squitch-grass, Couch Wheat, Sheep’s-cheese, Quickens, Wickens, Wick, W itch-grass; Ger. Queckenwurzel, Graswurzel; Fr. Chiendent officinal, Petit Chiendent (Codex);Sp. Grama. The rhizome, Triticum, U.S. P., Rhizoma (Radix) graminis. Emollient, diuretic, lithontriptic, antiphlogistic. 61. AGROSTEMMA, L. CornCockle. — Caryophyllaceze. From Greek, ‘‘field garland.” Coarse annual herbs with showy flowers. Two species, Europe and Asia. 20 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. A. Githégo L. (Lychnis Githago Lam. ). Europe, nat. in U.S. Corn Cockle, Corn Campion, Corn Pink, Corn Rose, Mullen Pink, Old-maid’s Pink, Crown-of-the-field. 62, AILANTHUS, Desf. Tree-of-heaven. Simarubaceae. From vernacular, Malacca, meaning ‘‘tree-of-heaven.”’ Trees with pinnate leaves. Four species, China to Australia. a. A. exeélsa Roxb. India. Bark, bitter, tonic, febrifuge. b. A. glandulésa Desf. China, cult. in U.S. asashadetree. Ailan- thus, Tree-of-heaven, Chinese Sumach, False Varnish-tree, Devil’s-walkingstick, Heavenward tree, '[ree-of-the-gods; Ger. Goéttersaum; Fr. Vernis de Japon. Bark (of tree and of root) bitter, stomachic, tonic, antidysenteric, taenicide. c. A. Malabarica DC. East Indies. Gum resin used as incense and as a remedy for dysentery. 63. AJUGA, L. - Bugle, Ground-Pine*. - Labiatae, Syn. Teucrium, in part. Annualor perennial herbs. About 40 species, Old World; nat. in U. 8. a. A. Chamaépitys (L.) Schreb. (Teucrium Chamepitys L. ). Europe. Ground-pine*, Field Cypress, Cypresst{, Forget-me -not*, Ground Ivy; Ger. Giinsel, Feldcupresse; Fr. ivette, Chamepitys (Codex); Sp. Pinillo olorroso. The flowering tops aromatic, aperient, tonic. _b. Ae Iva (L.) Schreb. (Teucrium Iva L.) Europe. French Ground-pine, Herb-ivy, Herb-eve, Gout Ivy, Ground Ivy; Ger. Bisamgiinsel; Fr. Ivette musquée (Codex). Flowering tops aromatic, tonic, febrifuge. c. A. réptans L. Europe, nat. ineastern U.S. Bugle, Common or Brown Bugle, Carpenter-herb, Middle-comfrey, Middle -consound (i. e. consolida or healing), Sicklewort, Dead-men’s -bellows, Helfringwort, Wild Mint; Ger. Goldner Giinsel; Fr. Bugle (Codex). Plant mildly astringent, vulnerary. d. A. pyramidalis L. Europe. Mountain Bugle, Upright Bug- loss. Properties of (c. ) 64. ALBIZZIA, Courdon. - Albizzia. - Mimosaceae.— Name from Albizzi, a noble family of Tuscany. Syn. Be- senna, Acacia, in part. Trees and shrubs, natives of tropical Asia and Africa. a. A. anthelmintica (Baill. ) Courd. (Acacia anthelmintica Baill., Besenna anthelmintica Rich.). Abyssinia. Mesenna, (Mu- senna, Mussena), Busenna, Bisinna; Fr. Moussena, Boussena - (Codex). Bark taenicide. 65. ALCHEMILLA, L. - Lady’s-mantle. - Rosaceae, Name of uncertain origin, probably ‘‘alchemist’s’’ plant. Herbs with small greenish flowers. About 35 species, Old World and Western America; 3 in U. S$. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 21 a. A. arvénsis (L.) Scop. (Aphanes arvensis L.). Europe, nat. in U. S. Parsley-piert, Field Lady’s-mantle, Bowel-hive, Colicwort, Argentill, Breakstone, Parsley-breakstone, Pars- ley-vlix, Fire-grass; Fr. Perce-pierre, Petit pied-de-lion des champs. Plant formerly used in strangury. b. A. vulgaris L. Europe, nat.in U.S. Lady’s-mantle, Ladies’- mantle, Dew-cup, Bear’s-foot, Duck’s-foot, Lamb’s-foot, Lion’s- foot (Padelion, Pedelyon), Great Sanicle, Syndaw; Ger. Helft, Frauenmantel; Fr. Alchemille. 66. ALCHORNEA, Swz. Alcornoque. Euphorbiaceae. Trees or shrubs. About 30 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres. a. A. latifélia Swz. South America and West Indies. Alcorno- que. Sark bitter, tonic. 67. ALETES, Coult. & Rose. - - Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘miller’’. Herb. One species, western U. S. 68. ALETRIS, L. Stargrass, etc. Liliaceae (Haemodoraceze). From Greek, ‘‘miller,’? alluding to mealy pubescence. Perennial scapose herbs with racemes of small flowers. About 8 species, eastern N. America and Asia; 2 in U. S. a. A. farinésa L. Ontario and eastern U.S. Unicorn-root, Colic- root, True Unicorn-root, Unicorn-plant, Unicorn’s-horn, Mealy Starwort, Starwort, Star-grass, False Star-grass, Star-root, Blazing-star*, Ague-grass, Ague-root, Aloe-root, Crow-corn, Devil’s-bit*, Huskwort; Ger. Einhornwurzel, Mehlige Aletris; Fr. Alétris farineux. Rhizome bitter, tonic, stomachic. 69. ALEURITES, Forst. Candlenut, ete. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘mealy,’’ alluding to the scurfy pubescence. Trees. About 5 species, tropical regions of Old World and Oceanica, See also Croton. _a. A. Molucedna (L.) Willd. (Jatropha Moluccana L., A. tri- loba Forst., Juglans Camirum Lour.). East Indies and Islands of the Pacitic. Candlenut, Indian or Tahiti Walnut, Belgaum or Country Walnut, Spanish Walnut, Lumbang-nut, Kukui of Hawaiian Islands; Ger. Kerzennussbaum, Firnissbaum. Ker- nels yield a drying oil, Kekune oil, Lumbang oil, Artists’ oil. 70. ALHAGI, Forst. Persian Manna-tree. _ Papilionaceae. ‘The Arabic name of the plant. Spiny shrubs, perhaps only one species, Mediterranean basin to India, Manna of Sinai. a. A. camelérum Fisher. Western Asia. Persian Manna tree. The saccharine exudate is Persian Manna. 71. AL{GERA, Suksdorf. - Aligera. - Valerianaceae. From Latin, ‘‘winged’’. Syn. Valerianella, in part. Herbs, eight species in western U. 8. 22 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 72. ALISMA, L. - Water Plantain. - Alismaceae. From Greek, ‘‘salt loving’’. Aquatic or marsh herbs. About 10 species, 2 in U. S$. a. A. Plantago-aquatica L. Europe, Asia and N. America. Water Plantain, Mad-dog weed, Deil’s-spoons, Great Thrum- wort; Ger. Fréschléffel, Wasserw egerich; Fr. Plantain d’ eau, Pain de grenouilles. ’ Leaves acrid, counter-irritant, reputed vulnerary and lithontriptic. 73. ALKANNA, Tausch. - Alkanet. - Boraginaceae. Name Arabic, the same word as Henna. Syn. Anchusa, in part. Perennial herbs. About 40 species, Mediterranean re- gion. a. A. tinetéria (L.) Tausch. (Anchusa tinctoria L.). Western Asia and southeastern Europe. Alkanet, Orcanette, Dyer’s Alkanet, Anchusa, Spanish Bugloss; Ger. Alkannawurzel, An- kerwurzel; Fr. Orcanette (Codex). oot, Radix alkanne (spuriz), yields a red dye. 74, ALLIARIA, Adans. - MHedgeGarlic. - Cruciferae. From Latin, § ‘oarlicy’’. Syn. Erysimum, Sisymbrium, in part. White-flowered biennial or perennial herbs. About 5 species, Europe and Asia; 1 nat. in U.S. a. A. Allidria (L.) Brit. (Erysimum Alliaria L., Sisymbrium Alliaria Seop., Alliaria officinalis Andrz.). Europe and north- ern Asia, nat. in U.S. Hedge Garlic, Garlic Mustard, Garlic wort, Cardiacket, English Treacle, (i. e. Theriac), Poor-man’s- treacle, Poor-man’s-mustard, Leek Cress, Jack-by-the-hedge, Penny-hedge, Sauce-alone, Swarms; Ger. Knoblauchkraut; Fr. Alliaire Commune. Plant antiscorbutic. 75. ALLIONIA, Loefl. 1758. Umbrella-wort. Nyetaginaceae. Named for C. Allioni, Italian botanist, d. 1804. Syn. Oxy- baphus, L’Her. 1797. Herbs. About 20 species, mostly American; 9 in U. S. a. A. hirstita Pursh (O. hirsutus Choisy). Texas to Minnesota and northward. Hairy Umbrella-wort?. Musk. 76. ALLIUM, day Onion, Leek, Garlic, ete. Liliaceae. Latin name of Garlic. Bulbous herbs with intolerable odor (alliaceous). About 275 species; 59 in U. 8. Medicinal pro- perties of all species similar to those of (e). a. A. Asealénicum L. Commonly cultivated. Shallot, Scallion, ° Cibol; Ger. Schallotte; Fr. Echalote. Bulb esculent. b. A. Canadénse L. Eastern U.S. Meadow Garlic, Wild Garlie. ce. A. Cépa L. Universally cultivated. Onion; Ger. Zwiebel, — Zipolle, Bolle; Fr. Oignon Commun (Codex). Bulb esculent. - d. A. Pérrum L. Commonly cultivated. Leek, French Leek, Ollick, Scallion*; Ger. Lauch; Fr. Porreau. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 23 e. A. sativum L. (Porrum sativum (L.) Reich. ) Commonly culti- vated. Garlic (Garlete), Clown’s treacle, Poor-man’s treacle (treacle, an antidote to venemous bites, the same as theriac); Ger. Knoblauch, Gartenlauch; Fr. Ail (Codex). Bulé, . Allium U.S. P.. Bulbus Allii, Radix allii sativi. Esculent, antispasmodic, diuretic, emollient, anthelmintic. | { ; fw’As Schoenoprasum L. Northern U. 8., Europe and Asia, also commoniy cult. Chives (Cives, Civet, ’ Sithes, Siethes, Syves, | Sweth), Rush Garlic, Clive Garlic, Shore Onion; Ger. Schnitt- lauch; Fr. Civette. Leaves used in salads, etc. g. A. trieéceum Ait. Canada to N. Carolina, west to Minnesota. Wild Leek, Three-seeded Leek. : h. A. ursinum L. Europe. Bear's Garlic, Ramsons (originally Ram’s-horns) Ramps, (Ramsden, Rams, Roms) Buckrams, Devil’s-posy, Hog’s-garlic, Wild Leek, Gypsy Onions. ; i. A. Vietoridlis L. Central Europe and Asia. Allerman’s-root; : Ger. Allermannsharnisch (langer). Bulb, Bulbus victorialis . (longus), antispasmodic. : j. A. vinedle L. Europe. nat. in eastern U.S. Wild Garlic, Field Garlic, Crow Garlic, Cow Garlic, Crow Onion. ‘ 77. ALLOCARYA, Greene. Allocarya. Boraginaceae, From Greek, ‘‘different nuts.” Syn. Krynitzkia, Eritri- chium, in part. Insignificant annuals. About 27 species in western U. § 78. ALLOTROPA, Gray. Allotropa. Monotropaceae. From Greek, ‘‘diversely turned’, (compare Monotropa). A leafless parasite. One species, California. 79. ALNUS, Gaertn. =. Widéral avi Betulaceae. The Latin name, from Celtic. Syn. Betula, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 15 species, northern hemisphere and Andes; 10 in U.S. a. A. glutinésa (L.) Medic. (B. Alnus var. glutinosa L. ) Europe and Northern Asia. European Alder (Aller, Eller, Aul, Owler, Howler, Hollard, Orl), Dog-tree (North England), Black Alder, Trish Mahogany; Ger. Erlenbaum, Schwarzerle, Eller; Fr. Aune noir; Sp. Aile. Bark astringent, febrifuge. b. Ae rugésa (Du Roi) K. Riche (A. serrulata Willd.). Eastern U. Tag-alder, Smooth Alder, Green or Common Alder, American Alder, Red or Speckled Alder. \ Bark alterative, emetic, astringent. 80. ALOE, L. Aloe Liliaceae. mer regions, especially of Africa. The Grebie name. Seapose tnicbes About 60 species, war- 24 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. A. Abyssinica Lam. ‘Northeastern Africa. The probable source of Jafferabad Aloes. b. A. férox Mill. South Africa. Inspissated juice of the leaves of this, also of (g) and (k), Cape Aloes, Alce Capensis. U. S. P., 1870, Aloe, P. G., Aloe lucida; Fr. Aloés du Cap (Codex, in which, however, this species is marked with an interroga- tion point). Other South African species from which Aloes is derived are (c) A. Africdna Mill. (P. G. and Codex), (d) A. arboréscens Mill., (e) A. Commelyni Willd., (f) A. lingui- formis L. (Codex), (g) A. Lingua Willd (Gasteria Lingua Link. ), (h) A. perfoliata L. (Codex) and (i) A, purpuras- cens Haworth. Laxative, cathartic. j. A. Pérryi Baker. Socotra. Source of Socotrine Aloes, Aloe Socotrina, U. S. P., Br.; Ger. Aloe Sucotrina; Fr. Aloes Suco- trin. This has long been regarded as the best variety of Aloes but the yield of aloin is small. k. A. spicata L. South Africa. One of the chief sources of Cape Aloes (Codex). See (b). 1. A. Suecotrina Lam. (A. vera Mill., Not L. Probably includes A. officinalis Forsk. and A. rubescens DC.). Eastern Africa. Source of the Moka and the common Socotrine Aloes (F. von Mueller). , m. A. véra (L.) Webb. (A. perfoliata var. vera L., A. vulgaris Lam., A. Barbadensis Mill. Includes A. Indica Royle and A. littoralis Koenig.) India to northwestern Africa, nat. in West Indies. Source of Barbadoes Aloes, Hepatfe Aloes and Curacao Aloes; Aloe Barbadense, U.S. P., Br.; Ger. Barbados Aloe, Curassao Aloe; Fr. Aloés des Barbades, de la Jamaique ou des Antilles (Codex), Aloés hépatique. Laxative, cathar- tic. 81. ALOPHILA, B. & H. - Alophila. - Iridaceae. Herbs; 2 species in U. 8. 82. ALPINIA, L. - Galangal. ’ Zingiberaceae. Syn. Galanga, in part. Herbs from branching rhizomes, flowers ornamental. About 40 species, warmer regions of Asia to Australia. See Kempferia. a. A. Galangal Willd (Galanga officinalis’ Salisb.). Java. Greater Galangal. Properties of (b) but feebler. b. A. officindrum Hance. Southern China. Galangal, Smaller Galangal, Galangale, Galanga, East India Catarrh-root, Chinese _ Ginger; Ger. Galgant; Fr. Galanga officinal, Galanga de la Chine (Codex). Rhizome, Rhizoma Galange P.G., Radix galange minoris; aromatic, carminative, stomachic. 83. ALSINE, L. 1753. Chickweed, Starwort, etc. Caryophyllacez. From Greek, ‘‘grove’’, indicating the habitat. Syn. Stella- ria, L. 1753; Cerastium, in part. Small annual weeds. About 75 species; 25 in U.S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 25 a. A. aquatica (L.) Brit. (Cerastium aquaticum L., Stellaria aquatica Scop.) Europe, Adv. in U. S. Water Mouse-ear Chickweed, Water Chickweed. bone, LEaster-bell, Lady’s-lint, Snake-grass, Snake-flower, Snap-jack, Snappers, Star-flower, Thunder-flower, White-bird. A, média L. (Stellaria media Cyr.). Europe, northern Asia and N. America, and widely nat. Common Chickweed, Chick- enweed, Satin-flower, Tongue-grass, White-bird, Winter-weed. Formerly reputed refrigerant, demulcent and alterative. % mu . A. ptbera (Michx.) Brit. (Stellaria pubera Michx.) Eastern U. S.; Pennsylvania, southward. Great Chickweed, Star Chick- weed. 84. ALSOPHILA, R. Br. Tree-fern. Polypodiaceae, From Greek, ‘‘grove loving.’? Treeferns. About 50 species, tropical and subtropical regions. a. A. lurida Hook. Java. The capillary chaff from this and allied species is the paku-kidang or pakoe-kidang used as a styptic in surgery. See Balantium and Cibotium. 85. ALSTONIA, R. Br. _ Alstonia, Dita. Apocynaceae. Named for Dr. Alston, botanist of Edinburgh. Syn. Echi- tes, in part. Trees or shrubs with a milky juice. About 20 species, tropical regions of Old World. a. A. constricta F. Muell. Australia. Alstonia bark, Australian Fever-bark, Bitter-bark, Native Quinine. Properties of (b). b. A. scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Echites scholaris L.) East Indies; Philippines to Australia. Dita, Devil’s-tree, Pali-mara (Bom- bay). Bark, Dita bark; Ger. Ditarinde; Fr. Ecorce de Dita (Codex ); Bitter, antiperiodic. ce. A. spectabilis R. Br. Java. Source of Poele-bark, more active than the foregoing. 86. ALTERNANTHERA, Forsk. Amaranthaceae. p! _ From Latin, ‘‘with alternate anthers’? Dwarf tufted plants, some with variegated foliage, (commonly known as Achyran- thest). About 20 species, Australia and tropical America; 2 in U. S. as ALTHAEA, L. Mallow*, Hollyhock, ete. Malvaceae. The Greek name, “‘healing.’”? Syn. Alcea, in part. Mu- cilaginous herbs. About 15 species, Old World; 1 nat. in U. S. a. A. officinalis L. Europe and Asia, sparingly nat. in U. 8. Marsh-mallow, White Mallow, Mortification-root, Sweat-weed, Wymote; Ger. Althee, Eibisch; Fr. Guimauve (Codex); Sp. P. G., Rad. bismalve, Rad. malvavisci y. hibisci. Mucilagi- nous, demulcent. Leaves and flowers are also official in French Codex. b. A. Holéstea (L.) Brit. Europe and northern Asia, adv. in | U.S. Greater Stitchwort or Starwort, Adder’s-meat, All- . Altea, Malvavisco. Root, Althaea, U.S. P.; Radix Althaese Fear’. +; 26 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. A. résea (L. ) Cavanilles (Alcea rosea L.). Levant, cult. in gar- dens. Hollyhock (Holly Oakt, Holy Hoket, Hollikockef, Hollekt, Hock, Hockholler), Althea Rose; Ger. Stockrose, Stockmalve; Fr. Rose tremiere, Passerose. Flowers, Flores. malvae arboreae, mucilaginous, emollient. — 88. ALYSSUM, L. - Alyssum. - Cruciferx. The Greek name, signifying perhaps ‘‘curing blindness.’’ Syn. Clypeola. in part. Low annual or perennial herbs. About 100 species, Old World; 1 nat. in U. 8. See also Koniga. a. A. alyssoides (L.) Gouan. (Clypeola alyssoides L. 1753, A. calycinum L. 1762). Europe, adv. in U.S. Yellow or Small Alyssum, Heal-bite, Heal-dog. ? . 89. ALxXITA, Banks. - Alyxia. - Apocynacer. Shrubs or small trees. About 40 species, tropical Asia to Australia. a. A. oliveeférmis Gaud. Hawaiian Islands. Maile. The fragrant Myrtle-like leaves used for festal wreaths (leis). The Maire of Tahite is an allied species. b. A. stellita R. & S. East Indies. Bark used like Canella. 90. AMANITA, Pers. Hymenomycetes, Agaricini. Greck name of a fungus. Mushrooms of a poisonous or sus- picious character, some, however,edible. About 50 species, especially of Europe and 8. America. a. A. musearia (L.) Pers. (Agaricus muscarius L.). Europe, mostly under pine trees. Fly Agaric, Flybane, Fly Fungus, Bug Agaric, Poisonous Mushroom; Ger. Fliegenschwamm, Fliegenpilz; Fr. Agaric mouche, Fausse oronge. /ungus used to control night sweats. b. A. phatloides Fries. Europeand U.S. Death-cup. The most poisonous of all Mushrooms. 4 91. AMARANTHUS, L. (Amarantus) Amaranthacee. The Greek name, ‘‘unfading”. Syn. Euxolus, Amblogyne, in part. Coarse annuals, mostly weeds, a few ornamental. About 50 species, cosmopolitan; 30 in U. S. including nat. species. The ornamental species are known as Amaranth, the weeds as Pigweed. a. A, caudatus L. India, cult. in gardens. Prince’s-feather*, Cat’s-tail, Floramor, Flower-gentle, Love-lies-bleeding*, Passe- velours, Velvet-flower, Thrumwort, many of these names ap- plied also to (b) and (d). - a es b. A. Gangéticus L. (including A. melancholicus L.). Eastern Asia, cult. in gardens. The variety melancholicus is called — : Love-lies-bleeding, Lovely-bleeding and Nun’s Whipping-post, Var. tricolor is Joseph’s-coat (of many colors). Plant used by Chinese as a pot herb. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 27 ce. A. graécizans L. 1753 (A. alba L. 1763). Tropical America, nat. in U. 8. Tumbleweed, Pigweed. d. A. hybridus L. (Includes A. hypochondriacus L. and A. chlo- rostachys Willd. ). Tropical America, cult. in gardens. Slen- der Pigweed?, Green or Red Amaranth (varieties), Pigweed, Amaranth, Careless, Pilewort, Balder-herb. The cultivated variety is called also Prince’s-feather*, Floramor, Flower-gentle, Red Coxcomb, Lovely-bleeding, ete. Plant mildly astringent. e. A. retrofiéxus L. Tropical America, nat. in U. S. Common or Rough Pigweed, Red-root*, Beet-root. 92. AMARYLLIS, L. Belladonna Lily. Amaryllidacez. Greek proper name, ‘‘sparkling’’ or ‘‘twinkling’’. Syn. Belladonna. A scapose bulbous plant with lily-like flowers. One species, south Africa. a. A. Belladénna L. (Belladonna purpurascens Sweet). South Africa and cult. for ornament. Belladonna Lily. 93. AMBLYOLEPIS, DC. Amblyolepis. Composite. From Greek, ‘‘blunt-scaled’’. A comarin-scented annual. One species, Texas. 94. AMBLYOPAPPUS, Hook. & Arn. Composite. From Greek, with ‘‘obtuse pappus’’. Syn. Aromia, Infantea. Low annuals. About 4 species; 1 nat. in California. 95. AMBROSIA, L. Ragweed. Ambrosiaceae (Composite ). The Greek name, Ambrosia, the fabled food of the immortals. Coarse rank weeds. About 12 species, mostly American; 8 or 9 oad. 6. a. A. artemisiefélia L. Eastern U. S. to British Columbia and Mexico. Ragweed, Common Ragweed, Hogweed, Roman Wormwood, Wild Tansy, Stammerwort, Black-weed, Bitter- weed, Tassel-weed, Stick-weed, Carrot-weed, Bastard Worm- wood. The pollen is accused of causing hay asthma. b. A. trifida L. Ontario to Florida and Colorado. Tall Ambro- sia, Great Ragweed, Giant Ragweed, Horse-cane, Horse-weed, Bitter-weed, Rich-weed, Wild Hemp, Buffalo-weed. Plant, like foregoing, astringent, detergent, antiphlogistic, ete. 96. AMELANCHIER, Medic. Jume-berry, etc. Pomacee. The Savoy name of the Medlar. Syn. Aronia, Mespilus, Pyrus, Crategus, in part. Shrubs or trees with berry-like, edible fruit (pomes). About 12 species, north temperate zone; 10 in U. S. a. A. alnifélia Nutt., Michigan to California and British Colum- bia. Northwestern June- or Service-berry, Pigeon-berry. b. A Botrapium (L. fil.) DC. Canada and eastern U. S. Shad- bush, Swamp Sugar-pear, Grape Pear. 28 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS ce. A. Canadénsis (L.) Medic. (Mespilus Canadensis L., Crataegus racemosa Lam.). Canada to Florida and Louisiana. June- berry, Service-berry, May Cherry, called also Sugar-berry, Sugar Pear, Sugar Plum, Indian Cherry, Sand Cherry*, May Pear, Juice Pear, Indian Pear, Bilberry*, Shad-bush, Service tree, Boxwood, Dogwood*. 97. AMMANNIA, L. Ammannia. Lythracez. Named for Johann Ammann, German botanist, d. 1741. Annual herbs. About 30 species; 4 in U. 8. a. A. Koéhnei Britton. New Jersey to Florida. Tooth-cup. * 98. AMMTI, L. : Bishop’s-weed. - Umbellifere. Greek name of an African Umbelliferous plant. Herbs re- sembling Daucus. About 12 species, mostly of Mediterranean region. See Ptychotis. a. A. Visndga Lam. Southern Europe, northern Africa and the Orient. Tooth-pick plant, (visnaga is Spanish for tooth-pick), Bishop’s-weed, El Kellah; Fr. Herbe aux cure-dents, Herbe aux gencives. Seeds diuretic, anodyne. 99. AMMODENIA, J. G. Gmel. 1769. Sandwort. Caryophyllacez. From Greek, ‘‘sand loving’. Syn. Honkenya, Ehrh, 1788. Fleshy maritime herbs. Two species, north temperate zone; 2in U.S. a. A. peploides (L.) Rupr. (Arenaria peploides L.). Europe, Asia and N. America, south to N. Jersey. Sea-beach Sand- wort, Sea Chickweed, Sea Purslane, Sea Pimpernel. 100. AMMOSELINUM, T. & Gr. Sand Parsley. Umbellifere. From Greek, ‘‘sand parsley’. Low annuals. Two species, both of Mexican border, U. 8. 101. AMOMUM, L. Cardamom*, ete. Zingiberaceae. Greek name of some Eastern spice plant. Herbaceous plants from creeping rootstocks. Tropical regions of Old World. See Elettaria. a. A. angustifélium Sonnérat. Madagascar. Probable source of Madagascar Cardamom. b. A. Cardamémum L. East Indies and Siam. ruiis constitute Round Cardamom or Cluster Cardamom; Fr. Amome en grappes (Codex), used in southern Europe. ec. A. globésum Lour. China. /ruwits are the Chinese Cardamom or Round Chinese Cardamom. d. A. Granum-paradisi Afz. Sierra Leone. Seeds of this and of several other species have been known as Grains of Paradise, Grana paradisi. See (g). ‘ er} ; ) , mal “4 aoe AA Pe | °C ee meee SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 29 e. A. Korarima Pareira. Eastern Africa. The plant, not yet _ described, yielding Korarima Cardamom, Korarima, Heil, Gguraji spice, Habhal-habashi, Heel-habashee; Cardamomum majus (true). f. A. maximum Roxb. Java. Fruits are Java Cardamom. g: A. Meleguéta Roscoe. Western Africa. Seeds Melegueta Pepper (Piper Melagueta), Grains of Paradise (grana paradisi), Para- dise seed, Guinea grains; pungent, now used only in veterinary medicine and in sophisticating liquors. h. A. subulatum Roxb. India. Fruits are the winged Bengal Cardamom, Morung Elachi or Buro Elachi. [The similar Nepal Cardamom is derived from an undetermined species of Amomum. ] i. A. Xanthioides Wallich. Further India. Fruits are known in England as Bastard or Wild Cardamom of Siam; Xanthioid Cardamom. 102. AMOREUXIA, Moe. & Sess. | Amoreuxia. - Bixaceae. - §Syn. Euryanthe, in part. Shrubs with showy flowers. About 3 species, warmer regions of New World; 1 in U. S. 103. AMORPHA, L. False Indigo. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘anomalous’’, the flowers haying but one petal. Shrubs with spiked violet, blue or white flowers. About 10 species, all of U. S. (and Mexico. ) a. A. canéscens Pursh. Prairie region. Lead plant, Shoe-strings, Wild Tea. b. A. fruticésa L. Florida to Colorado and Manitoba. False or Bastard Indigo, River Lucust. Formerly a source of indigo. 104. AMPELANUS, Brit. 1894. Sand-vine. Aselepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘vine-like’’. Syn. Enslenia, Nutt. 1818, [not Raf. 1817]. Herbaceous twining vines. Three species, New World; 2 in U. 8S. 105. AMPELOPSIS, Michx. 1803. Ampelopsis. Vitacex. From Greek, ‘‘resembling the grape-vine’. Syn. Cissus Pers. 1805 (not L. 1753). Woody climbers or shrubs. About 15 species, mostly of Old World; 2in U. S. See Parthenocis- sus. a. A. arborea (L.) Rusby (Vitis arborea L., V. bipinnata T. & Gr., Cissus stans Pers.). Southeastern U. S. to Cuba. Pep- per-vine, Pinnate-leaved Ampelopsis?. 106. AMPELOSICYOS, Thou. 1807. Cucurbitaceae. From Greek, ‘‘grape-vine’’ and ‘‘cucumber’. Syn. Tel- fairia, Hook. 1827, Joliffia, Boj. 1827, also Ampelosycios. Shrubby climbers. Two species, tropical Africa. 30 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. A. scandens Thou. (T. pedata Hook., J. Africana Delile). Zanzibar. Seeds edible; yield a bland fixed oil. 107. AMPHIACHYRIS, DC. Amphiachyris. | Composite. From Greek, ‘‘chaff all around”. Syn. Brachyris, in part. Small herbs. Two species, both of U. &. 108. AMPHIANTHUS, Torr. Amphianthus. Serophulariaceae. From Greek, a flower being produced both at base and apex of stem. Minute aquatic annual. A single species, Georgia. 109. AMSINCKIA, Lehm. Amsinckia. Boraginaceae. Named for William Amsinck of Hamburg. Syn. Benthamia, Lithospermum, in part. Rough-hispid annuals. About 10 species, New World; 6 in U. 8., Pacific border. 110. AMSONIA, Walt. - Amsonia. - Apocynacer. ~ Named for Charles Amson of South Carolina. Perennial herbs with blue or bluish flowers. About 8 species, N. America and eastern Asia; 6 in U. 8. 111. AMYGDALUS, L. | Almond, Peach, ete. | Drupaceae. Greek name of ‘‘almond’’. Syn. Prunus, Persica, in part. Trees, mostly with fleshy fruits. About 8 species, Asia and N. America; 2 in U. 8. a. A. communis L. (Prunus Amygdalus Baill.). Western Asia, now cult. in all subtropical countries. Almond tree; Ger. Mandelbaum; Fr. Amandier. There are two varieties, amara and duleis of De Candolle, the former yielding Bitter Almonds, the latter Sweet Almonds, Malaga Almonds,: Jordan Almonds (a large variety), Paper-shell Almonds (with thin shell). Fruit of the former is Amygdala Amara, U.S. P., Br. Amyg- dale amarae P. G., Semen amygdali amarum; Ger. Bittere Mandeln; Fr. Amandes améres (Codex); Sp. Almendras amargas. Sedative, containing potentially hydrocyanic acid. Fruit of the latter is Amygdala dulcis, U. 8S. P., Br., Amyg- dale dulces, P. G., Semen amygdali dulce; Ger. Siisse Man- deln; Fr. Amandes douces (Codex), Sp. Almendras dulees. Esculent, emollient, yield a bland fixed oil. b. A. Pérsica L. (Prunus Persica Stokes, Persica vulgaris DC. ). Southeastern Asia, now widely cultivated. Introduced from Persia, hence the name Persica (malum persicum). Peach; Ger. Pfirsch; Fr. Pécher; Sp. Melocoton Durazno. Var. nee- turina Maxim ( Persica NecturinaSteud., A. glabra Auet.) is the Nectarine; var. platycarpa Gray is the Peen-to or Flat Peach of the southern U. S. Leaves and kernels contain potentially hydrocyanic acid; sedative, vermifuge. [Insome varieties the kernels are sweet. | 112. AMYRIS, L. Torch-wood, Candlewood. _Rutaceae. Greek name, perhaps connected with ‘‘myrrh”. Trees and shrubs. About 12 species, warmer regions of New World; 2 in U. S$. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 31 113. ANACAMPTIS, Rich. Anacamptis. _ Orchidaceae. ~ From Greek, “bent backwards’. Syn. Orchis, in part. European terrestrial orchids. About 3 species. a. A. pyramidadlis Richard. Europe. Tubers constitute one variety of salep. See Orchis. 114. ANACARDIUM, Rotth. Cashew. —_ Anacardiaceae. - From Greek, ‘‘heart-like’. Syn. Cassuvium, in part. Shrubs or trees. About 8 species, tropical America. See Seme- carpus. a. A. occidentale L. (Cassuvium pomiferum Lam.). Tropical America. Cashew-nut tree, West indian Cashew; Ger. Westin- dische Anacardien, Cashunuss; Fr. Acajou & pommes; Sp. Ana- cardo. Rind of fruit acrid, vesicant. Kernels when roasted edible. 115. ANACYCLUS, L. - Pellitory. - Compositae. Herbs with flower-heads of medium size. About 10 species. _ Mediterranean region. ‘ a. A. officindrum Hayne. Germany. German Pellitory; Ger. Deutsche Bertramwurzel, Zahnwurzel, Speichelwurzel; Fr. Pyréthre commun. oot, Radix pyrethri germanici, Rad. dentariz, Counter-irritant, sternutatory. b. A. Pyréthrum (L.) DC. (Anthemis Pyrethrum L., Matricaria Pyrethrum Baill.). Northwestern Africa. Pellitory, Pelli- tory of Spain, Spanish Camomile, Alexander’s-foot, Bertram, Longwort. Root Pyretarum, U.S. P., Pyrethri radix, Br., Rad. pyrethri romani; Ger. Rémische Bertramwurzel; Fr. Pyre- thre officinal (Codex), Pyréthre vrai (roman), Salivaire; Sp. Peritre. Sternutatory, sialagogue, counter-irritant. “116, ANAGALLIS, L. Pimpernel. Primulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘delightful’’. Annual or perennial weeds. ; About 15 species, all but one of Old World; 1 nat. in U.S. a. A. aryénsis L. Europe, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere. Red Pimpernel, Scarlet Pimpernel, Red Chickweed or Chicken- weed, Burnet Rose, Bird’s-eye, Bird’s-tongue, Eye-bright, J ohn-go-to-bed-at-noon, Orange-lily Pernel, Poor-man’s-weath- er-glass, Shepherd’s-calender, Shepherd’s-clock (or-watch), Shepherd’ s-delight, ‘Shepherd’s-sundial, Shepherd’ s-warning, Sun-flower*, Tom Pimpernowl, Waywort, Wink-a-peep, Winco- pipe ( Bacon); Ger. Gauchheil, Rothe Miere, Collmarkraut; Fr. Mouron rouge. Plant acrid, containing Saponin. [Blue Pim- pernel is a variety, A. arvensis coerulea (Lam. ) Ledeb. ] 117. ANAMIRTA, Colebr. Cocculus Indicus. Menispermacee. Syn. Menispermum, Cocculus, in part. A shrubby climber. One species, Old World. 32 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. A. Coceulus (L.) Wight & Arn. (M. Cocculus L., M. lacunosum Lam. A. paniculata Colebr., Cocculus suberosus DC. ). . East Indies and Hindustan. Fruit, Cocculus Indicus, Indian Coceu- lus or Cockle, Fish-berries, India-berries, Oriental-berries, Le- vant-nut; Ger. Kockelskérner, Fischkérner, Tollkérner; Fr. Coque du Levant (Codex). Source of Picrotoxinum, U.S. P., Br., powerful poison; parasiticide. 118. ANAMOMIS, Griseb. Anamomis. Myrtaceae. Syn. Luma, H. B. K., also Eugenia and Myrtus,. in part. Trees. About 3 species, warmer regions of New World; 1 in U.S 119. ANANAS, Adans. - Pine-apple. - Bromeliaceae. From vernacular, S. America. Syn. Ananassa Lindl. Bro- melia, in part. Suffrutescent plants with a fleshy compound fruit. About, 6 species, tropical America. a. A, Andnas (L.) Lyons (B. Ananas L., A. sativa Schult., Ana- nassa sativa Lind. ). South America and cult. in all tropical countries. Pine Apple, Pine*; Ger. Ananas, Kronananas; Fr. Pomme d’ ananas, Pain de sucre. Unripe fruit, astringent, diuretic, anthelmintic. Ripe fruit contains a peptonizing fer- ment; esculent. 120. ANANTHERIX, Nutt. Anantherix. Aselepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘awnless’’. Syn. Acerates, in part. Peren- nial herb. A single species, Georgia to Florida. 121. ANAPHALIS, DC. Life-everlasting. Compositae. Greek name of some Composite plant. Syn. Gnaphalium, Antennaria, in part. Woolly herbs resembling Gnaphalium. About 30 species, north temperate zone; 1 in U. §. a. A. margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. (G. margaritaceum L., Antennaria margaritacea Hook.). Northern Asia and N. America, south to N. Carolina, Kansas and California. Pearly Everlasting, Large-flowered Everlasting, Life-everlasting*, Live- long, Ever-white, Cotton-weed, Indian-posy, Lady-never-fade, Ladies’ Tobacco, Moonshine, None-so-pretty*, Old-sow, Pover- ty-weed*, Silver-button, Silver-leaf. Plant, aromatic, antisep- tic, vulnerary. 122. ANASTATICA. L. Rose of Jericho. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘resurrection’’ plant. Annual herb. One species, Mediterranean region. a. A. Hierochintica L. Deserts of Syria, Arabia and northern Africa. Rose of Jericho, Resurrection-plant; Fr. Jérose hygro- metrique. . 123. ANCHIETEA, St. Hil. Anchietea. Violaceae. Named for P. Anchietea, Brazilian botanist. Syn. Noisettia, — in part. Shrubby climbers. About 4 species, S. America. a. A. salutdris St. Hil. (N. pyrifolia Mart.). Brazil. Root emeto-cathartic, alterative. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 33 124. ANCHUSA, L. - - Alkanet. - Boraginaceae ety incient Greek name. Herbs. About 30 species Old orld. a. A. officinalis L. Europe. “Bugloss (from Greek, meaning ox- tongue), Ox-tongue, Garden Alkanet or Orcanet; Ger. Ochsen- zungenkraut; Fr. Buglosse (Codex, which includes also (b) A. Italica L., Italian or Small Bugloss.). Plant demulcent. diaphoretic. . ‘ 125. ANCISTROCARPHUS, Gray. Ancistrocarphus. Composite. From Greek, ‘‘fishhook chaff’’. Syn. Stylocline, in part. Low canescent annual with small glomerate flower-heads. One species, California. ANDA. See JOANNESIA. ANDIRA. See VOUACAPOUA. 126. ANDRACHNE, L. Andrachne. Euphorbiaceae. Syn. Lepidanthus, in part. Herbs or shrubby plants with small axillary flowers. About 10 species; 1 in U. S. 127. ANDROGRAPHIS, Wall. Andrographis. Acanthaceae. _ Syn. Justicia, in part. Herbs, some suffrutescent. About 20 species, tropical Asia. a. A. paniculata Nees. (J. paniculata Burm. ). India. Kariyat, Creyat. Herb bitter, tonic. 128. ANDROMEDA, L. Wild Rosemary. Ericaceae. Name from Greek mythology. A small evergreen shrub with acid foliage. One species, (U. 8. ) a. A. Polifolia L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to New Jersey and Michigan. Wild or Marsh Rosemary, Marsh Holy-rose, Moorwort. Plant reputed poisonous. 129. ANDROPOGON, L. Beard-grass. Gramineae. s From Greek, “man beard”, the staminate flowers having awns. Syn. Vetiveria, in part. Tall grasses. About 150 species; 36 in U. 8. a. A. Calamus Royle. Central India. The Sweet Calamus of the ancients. Source of the Ginger-grass oil of Nemaur (F. von Mueller). »b. A. eitratus DC. India. Lemon-grass, Verbena-grass. From : this and some allied species are distilled the oils used in per- fumery as grass oil, oil of verbena, oil of spikenard (Mueller). ( ce. A. Nardus L. India. Nard-grass, Spikenard*. Source of Citronella oil, called also by names under (b).. Sb ‘PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS d. A. Schoenanthus L. (A. pachnodes Trin., A. Martini Roxb. ). India. Ginger-grass, Lemon-grass*, Camel’s-hay, Indian Gera- “mium. Source of Siri oil, called also Turkish oil of Geranium, Rusa oil, Roshé or Rosé oil, Idris-yaghi (Turkey), used for adulterating oil of rose. An allied species, also yielding oil, is (e) A. Ivarancusa Roxb. x f. A. squarrésa L. (A. muricatus Retz. A. odorata Virey, V. arundinacea Griseb.). India, widely distributed in tropical countries. Kuskus grass, Vetiver; Fr. Chiendent des Indes. Roots, properly called vetiver, also kuskus, used for making the fragrant mats called tatties. Source of Vetiver oil, used in perfumery. 130. ANDROSACE, L. Androsace. Primulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘man’s shield’. Low herbs with tufted basal leaves. About 50 species, northern hemisphere; 6 in U. 8. 131. ANDROSTEPHIUM, Torr. Androstephium. Liliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘man’s crown’’, the filaments forming a crown. Syn. Milla, in part. Scapose herbs from a tuberous root. Two species, both of U.S. a. A. coertiieum (Scheele) Greene (M. coerulea Scheele, A. viola- ceum Torr. ). Kansas to Texas. Babies’-breath. 132. ANEMIA, Swz. (Aneimia). Flowering Fern*. Sehizeaceae. From Greek, ‘‘without covering’, Aneimia being the more _eorrect form. Small ferns with fertile portions of fronds con- tracted into semblance of a spicate inflorescence. About 15 species; 2 in U. 8. 133. ANEMONE, L. Anémone. Ranuneulaceae. The Greek name, meaning ‘‘wind’’ flower. Perennial herbs with palmately divided leaves. About 100 species, temperate and sub-aretie regions; 20 in U. S. a. A, Canadénsis L. 1768 (A. Pennsylvanica L. 1771). British America, south to Pennsylvania and Colorado. Canada Ane- amone?, Pennsylvanian Anemone, Round-leaved or Round- theaded Anemone, White-flowered Anemone or Crowfoot. b. A. Carolinidna Walt. Georgia to Texas, north to Nebraska. Carolina Anemone, Purple Anemone, May-flower, Wood-flower. ce. A. coronaria, L. Levant and cult. in gardens. Garden Anem- one. Properties of (g). [The garden Anemones are varieties of this species, also of (d) A. horténsis Thor., perhaps not specifically distinct, and of (e) A. Japonica Sieb. & Zuce. | f. A. multifida Poir (A. Hudsoniana Richards). British America, south to Michigan and Colorado. Red Wind-flower, Cut-leay- ed Anemone?. } mA) a * ey, Pe. CO SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 35 g. A. nemorésa Michx. Europe. Wood Anemone (Anemony Aulmoneys}, Enemy}, Neminy), Wind-flower, Bow-bells, Cowslipt, Wood Crowfoot, Cuckoo-fower*, Cuckoo-spit*, Darn- grass, Drops-of-snow, Gallant, Granny’s-nightcap, Wild Jes- saminet, Moon-flower*, Smellboxes, Soldiers; Ger. Weisser Waldbahnentuss; Fr. Anémone des bois, Anémone sylvie ; (Codex). Plant acrid, containing anemonin, used like Pulsa- tilla. [In Siberia (h) A. ranunculoides L. and (i) A. sylvés- tris L. are also used]. j. A. quinquefolia L. (A. nemorosa var. quinquefolia Gray). Canada to Georgia, west to Rocky Mountains. American Wood Anemone, Wind-flower, May-flower, Snow-drops*, Thim- hle-weedt, also synonyms of (g) with which the species has been confounded. k. A. Virginiana L. Canadaand northeastern U. S. Tall Ane- mone, Virginian Anemone’, Thimble weed. 134. ANETHUM, L. - Dill. - Umbelliferae. The Greek name of Anise or Dill. Syn. Peucedanum, in part. Herbs, perhaps better retained in Peucedanum. About 3 species, Europe and Asia. . a. A. grayéolens L. (P. graveolens, B. & H.). Asia Minor, now widely cult. Dill, Garden Dill, Dilly, Anet, the Anise of Scripture; Ger. Dill; Fr. Anette (Codex), Fenouil puant; Sp. Eneldo. Fruit, Anethi fructus Br., aromatic, carminative. 135. ANGELICA, L. 1753. ’ Angelica. Umbelliferae. Named from its supposed magical virtues. Syn. Archangel- ica, Hoffm. 1814. ‘Tall perennial herbs with compound leaves. About 30 species, northern hemisphere and New Zealand; 8 in U.S. a. A. Archangélica L. (A. officinalis Moench. Archangelica offici- nalis Hoffm. ). Northern Europe and Asia. European Angel- ica, (Jeelicoft, Aunt Jerichos{), Garden Angelica, Angelica, Archangel, Bellyache root, Ait-skeiters||, Skytes||, Holy Ghost, Ground-ash*, Ground-elder*, Hemlockt, Jack-jump-about; Fr. Angélique officinale (Codex). Root, Radix angelicae; (ser. Angelicawurzel, Heilegegeistwurzel, Engelwurz, aromatic, carminative. purpurea Hoffm.). Ontario to Delaware and west to Minnesota. Angelica, American Angelica, Great or Purple-stemmed An- gelica, High or Purple Angelica, Masterwort*, also most of the synonyms of (a). oot and seed, aromatic, carminative. c. A. sylvéstris L. Europe. Wild Angelica (of Europe), Gout- weed*, Ground-ash. . d. A. villosa. ( Walt.) B. 8. P. (A. hirsuta Muhl.), Southeastern U.S. Smaller Angelica, Southern Angelica, Hairy or Pubes- cent AngelicaZ. Properties of (b). es x44 ; ay b. A. atropurptirea L. (A. triquinata Michx., Archangelica atro-’ 36 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 136. ANGRAECUM, Thou. Angrecum. Orchidaceae. Syn. Aerobion, Spreng. Epiphytes. About15 species, trop- ical regions, especially of Madagascar and Africa. a. A. fragrans Thou. Madagascar. Faham or Faam Tea, [Isle of ~ Bourbon Tea; Fr. Faham (Codex). Leaves fragrant, expector- ant, stomachie. ANHALONIUM. See LOPHOPHORA. 137. ANISACANTHUS, Nees. Anisacanthus. Acanthaceae. From Greek, ‘‘unequal Acanthus’’. Syn. Drejera, Birnbau- mia, in part. Shrubby plants. About 6 species, Mexico and its borders; 3 in U. S. 138. ANISOCARPUS, Nutt. Anisocarpus. _ Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘unequal fruited’’. Syn. Madia, in part. Herbs. About 5 species, Pacitic Coast, U. S. 139. ANISOCOMA, Tor. & Gr. Anisocoma. Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘with unequal hairs’, alluding to the pappus. Syn. Pterostephanus, Kellogg. Low scapose annual. One . species, California to Nevada. 140. ANON A, L. (Annona) Custard-apple, ete. Anonaceae. From vernacular Malay name, Menona. Trees or shrubs - with fleshy, sometimes edible, fruits. a. A. Cherimdélia Mill. (A. tripetala Ait.). Peru, cult. in tropi- cal countries. Cherimoyer, Cherimolia. Fruit esculent. - b. A. murieata L. West Indies. Sour-sop; Fr. Corassol épineux Corassol grand, Cachiman épineux. Fruit acid, not highly valued. Seeds astringent. Leaves vulnerary. . A. palustris L. West Indies and tropical Africa. Alligator- apple, Cork-wood tree. Wood spongy, used for corks. Fruit reputed poisonous. iv) d. A. reticulata L. West Indies. Custard-apple, Bullock’s-heart, Sugar-apple; Fr. Petit Corassol, Mamilier. Fruit esculent, highly esteemed. Juice of tree acrid. . A. squamésa L. East Indies. Sweet-sop, Sugar-apple, Orien- tal Custard-apple, Cachiman; Fr. Atocire, Pomme-canelle, Atte. Seeds parasiticide. Unripe fruit astringent. om 141. ANODA, Cav. Anoda. Malvaceae. Herbs. About 15 species, warmer regions of America; 7 in southwestern U. S. 142. ANOGRA, Spach. Evening Primrose. | Onagraceae. Name a transliteration of Onagra. Syn. Oenothera, in part. Herbs with showy white or pink flowers. About 10 species, N. America; 9 in U. S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 37 1438. ANREDERA, Juss. Anredera. Chenopodiaceae. Herbaceous climber. One species, West Indies to southeastern 144, ANTENNARIA, Gaerin. Everlasting. Compositae. Named from likeness of pappus to ‘‘antenne’’ of an insect. — Syn. Gnaphalium, in part. Perennial woolly herbs. About 36 species, north temperate zone and South America; 23 in U. S. ‘The plants are mildly bitter and aromatic, and are esteemed vulnerary. a. A. dioica (L.) Gaertn. (Gnaphalium dioicum L.). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to New Mexico and Cali- fornia. Mountain Cudweed, Mountain or Moor Everlasting, Cat’s-ear, Cat’s foot, Cat’s-paws, Cotton-weed; Ger. Weisse oder Rothe Katzenpfétchen (immortellen) ;Fr. Pied de chat (Codex). Flower-heads, Flores gnaphalii, Flores pedis cati. “b. A. plantaginifolia (L.) Richards (G. plantaginifolium L., A Parlinii Fernald). Canada and eastern U. 8. Plantain-leaf Everlasting or Cud-weed, Mouse-ear Everlasting; Spring, Early or Pearly Everlasting, Pussy-toes, Dog-toes, Four-toes, White Plantain, Ladies’ Tobacco, Indian or Woman’s Tobacco, Love’s-test, Pin: ushion, Poverty-weed. 145. ANTHEMIS, L. Camomile, ete. Compositae, The Greek name of Camomile. Syn. Maruta, Chamomilla, in part. Herbs with pinnatified or dissected leaves and rather large flower-heads. About 100 species, Old World; 5 nat. in U.S. a. A. arvénsis L. Europe, nat.in U.S. Corn Camomile (Chamo- mile), Field Camomile. b. A. Cétula L. (Maruta Cotula DC.). Europeand northern Asia, nat. in U. 8. and widely elswhere: May weed, Dog’s Camo- mile, Fetid or Stinking Camomile, Fetid May-weed, Bald-eye- brow, Balderbreet{, Balders, Chigger-weed, Dog or Horse Daisy, Pig-sty or Poison Daisy, Dillweed, Dillidillweed, Dog-fennel, Dog-finkel, Dog-banner, Dog-binder, Dog Camovyne, Field- wort, Flowan, Hog-fennel, Jay-weed, Madder*, Maden-weed. : (i. e. Mayweed), Maise, Marg, Mathes, Morgan, Murg; Ger. Stinkkamillen. e. A. nobilis L. (C. nobilis Godr.). Europe, cult. in Great Brit- : ain, Germany, France and Belgium, cult. and adv. in U. S. Garden, English, White or Low Camomile (Chamomile, Camo- mine, Camovynet, Camil), Scotch Camomile (form with“single” flowers), Roman Camomile (form with ‘:double’’ flowers), Ground-apple, Whig-plant; Ger. Rémische Kamille; Fr. Camo- mille romaine (Codex); Sp. Manzanilla romana. Flower-heads, Anthemis. U. S. P., Anthemidis flores, Br., Flores Chamomille romane, stimulant tonic, stomachic, nauseant. See Matricaria. 146. ANTHERICUM, L. Anthericum. _ Liliaceae. Syn. Phalangium, in part. Scapose herbs with fleshy fascicu- late roots. About 60 species, mostly of Europe, Africa and Australia, a few American; 2 in U. S. . 38 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 147. ANTHOXANTHUM, L. = Vernal-Grass. Gramineae. From Greek, ‘‘yellow flowered’’. About 5 species, Europe; > Fen 2 nat. in U. S. a. A. odoratum L. Europe, nat. in U. S. Sweet Vernal-grass, Sweet-scented Grass, Spring-grass, Pig-grass, Prim-grass. Plant fragrant, abounding in coumarin. 148. ANTHRISCUS, Hofim. Chervil. Umbelliferae. Greek name of an umbelliferous plant, perhaps (a). Syn. Cerefolium, Chaerophyllum, Scandix, in part. Parsley-like herbs. About 10 species, Old World; 3 nat. in U. 8. a. A. Anthriseus (L.) Karst. (Chaerophyllum Anthriscus L., A. vulgaris Bernh.). Europe. Bur-chervil, Hemlock-chervil, Rough Chervil. Plant distinctly poisonous. b. A. Cerefélium (L.) Hoffm. (Scandix Cerefolium L., Chaerophyl- lum sativum Lam.). Europe, sparingly nat. in eastern U. S. Garden Chervil, Chervil (Chevorell), Beaked Parsley; Ger. Kertel, Gartenkerbel; Fr. Cerfeuil. Plant, Herba cerefolii y. chaerophylli, deobstruent, diuretic. Young leaves used in silads, etc. c. A. sylvéstris (L.) Hoffm. Europe. Wild Chervil, Wild Cicely, Wild Caraway, Ass-parsley, Cow-chervil, Cow-weed, Cow-mum- ble, Cow-parsley, Coney-parsley, Devil’s-parsley, Kettle-dock, Orchard-weed, Rabbit’s-meat, Rat’s-bane, Sweet-ash, White- weed. [Probably many of these synonyms belong more pro- perly to (a) ]. . 149. ANTHYLLIS, L. — Kidney-Vetch, etc. Papilionaceae. Herbs or shrubs. About 20 species, Old World. a. A. Vulneraria, L. Europe, western Asia and northern Africa. Kidney-vetch, Woundwort, Siaunchwort, Cat’s-claws, Craw- nels, Crow's-foot, Jupiter’s-beard, Lady’s-fingers, Lamb’s-toes. Plant styptic, vulnerary. A fodder plant for sheep. 150. ANTIARIS, Lesch. — Sack-tree, ete. Artocarpaceae. From vernacular, Java. Syn. Lepurandra, in part. Trees. About 6 species, tropical Asia to Australia. a. A. saccidora, Dalz. (Lepurandra saccidora Nimmo, perhaps not distinct from the following). Western India. Sack-tree. Inner bark used for sacks. b. A. toxicaria, Lesch. Java. Upas-tree. Gum-resinous exudate, upis antiar, used in Java as an arrow poison. See Strychnos Tieute. 151. ANTIRRHINUM, L. Snapdragon. ‘Serophulariaceae! From Greek, ‘‘snout like”. Annual or perennial herbs with showy flowers. About 40 species, Europe, Asia and western N. America; 18 in U. S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. . 39 a. A. majus L. Europe, cult. in gardens. Snapdragon, Great Snapdragon, Dog’s-mouth, Dragon’s-mouth, Lion’s-mouth, Tiger’s-mouth, Toad’s-mouth, Rabbit’s-mouth, Bunny-mouth, Bunny-rabbit, Rabbits, Bull-dog, Catchfly, Calf-snout, Lion’s- snap; Ger. Léwenmaul (grosses); Fr. Muflier, Gueule de loup, Gueule de lion. 152. ANYCHIA, Michx. Forked Chickweed. Caryophyllaceae. From Greek, “whitlow’ weed. Syn. Buinalis, Queria, in part. Insignificant herbs. Two species, both of U. S. 153. APARGIDIUM, Tor. & Gr. Apargidium. Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘resembling Apargia’’. Syn. Leontodon, in part. Scapose herb. One species, Pacific coast of U. 8. 154. APHANISMA, Nutt. Aphanisma. Chenopodiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘disappearing”. Syn. Cryptanthus, in part. Herb. A single species, California. 155. APHANOSTEPHUS, DC. Aphanostephus. Compositae. From Greek, ‘inconspicuous crown’’. Syn. Keerlia, Leu- copsidium, in part, Canescent herbs. About 5 species, Mexico and adjacent region; 4 in U. S. 156. APIASTRUM, Nutt. Apiastrum. Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘false Celery”. Syn. Leptocaulis, Apium, in part. Annual herbs. Two species, both of U. 8. 157. APIOS, Moench. Ground-nut. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘pear’, alluding to shape of tubers. Syn. Glycine, in part. Twining perennials, some with tuberous root- A stocks. Four species, 3 of Asia; 1 in U. 8S. 2 ws Apios (L.) Mac M. (Glycine Apios L., A. taberosa Moench). Eastern U. 8. and Canada. Ground-nut, Indian Potato, Dakota Potato, Pig Potato, Potato Pea, Ground Pea, Trailing Pea, White-apple, Traveler’s-delight. Tubers edible. 158. APIUM, L. Parsley, Celery. Umbelliferae. Latin name of some umbelliferous plant. Syn. Carum, Sison, Heliosciadium, Petroselinum, in part. Herbs with pinnately compound or dissected leaves. About 15 species, 4 indigenous or nat. in U. 8. a. A. gravévlens L. Europe, now everywhere cult. Celery (Salary{), Celeriac (turnip-rooted variety), Smallage, Smal- lache, Ache*, Marsh Parsley, March, Merch, Wild Parsley, Mile; Ger. Sellerie, Eppich; Fr. Ache des marais (Codex) Ache Céleri; Sp. ApioSilvestro. Frwit, Fructus apii, and root; nervine, antispasmodic, reputed aphrodisiac. Blanched leaves esculent. b. A. Petroselinum L. (Carum Petroselinum B. & H. (Kew), _ P. sativum Hoffm.). Europe, now everywhere cult. Parsley, Common or Garden Parsley, Ache (pronounced Aitch), March; Ger. Petersilie, Petersilge; Fr. Persil (Codex); Sp. Peregil. Fruit, Fructus (Semen) petroselini, Fructus apii hortensis; source of Apiol. Emmenagogue, carminative, diuretic. The root is sometimes also used. 40 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 159. APLECTRUM, Nutt. Adam-and-Eve. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘without spur’. A scapose herb, the corm producing each season a new one by an ofiset, hence the popular name. One species, U. S. a. A. spicdtum (Walt.) B. S. P. (Arethusa spicata Walt., A- plectrum hyemale Nutt., Cymbidium hyemale Willd.). On- tario to Georgia and California. Adam-and-Eve, Putty-root. Corm mucilaginous. 160. APOCYNUM, L. - Dogbane. - Apocynaceae. Greek name of a poisonous plant, ‘“‘dog-bane”’. Perennial smooth herbs with pink or white flowers in cymes. About 8 species, north temperate zone; 5 in U. S. a. A. androsaemifélium L. British America, south to Georgia and Arizona. Dog-bane, Bitter-root, Bitter or Spreading Dog- bane (Dogsbane), Catchfly*, Flytrap, Colic-root*, Honey-bloom, Milk Ipecac, Wild Ipecac, Indian Hemp*, Milkweed*, Wan- dering Milkweed, Rheumatism-weed, Western Wall-flower, Ger. Kolikwurzel. Root emeto-cathartic, diaphoretic, altera- tive. b. A. cannabinum L. British America and throughout most of U.S. Canadian Hemp, American or Black Indian Hemp, Indian Hemp*, Amy-root, Bowman’s-root*, Bitter-root*, Indian Physic, Rheumatism-weed, Milk-weed*, Wild Cotton; Ger. Indianischer Hanf, Canadischer Hanf, Hundskohl; Fr. Chanvre du Canada. Root emeto-cathartic, diaphoretic, expectorant. c. A. hypericifélinm Ait. (A. cannabium var. hypericifolium Gray). British America south to Ohio and New Mexico. St. John’s Dogbane?, Clasping-leaved DogbaneZ. | Often confound- ed with (b) which it closely resembles. 161. APODANTHERA, Arn. Apodanthera. Cueurbitaceae. Perennial herbs, About 14 species, tropical America; 1 in U.S. 162. APODANTHES, Poit. Apodanthes. Cytinaceae. Minute parasites. About 10 species, widely distributed; 1 in S. 163. APTERIA, Nutt. Apteria. Burmanniceae. From Greek, ‘‘leafless’’. Slender, practically leafless plants. Three or four species described, probably merely varieties of a single one. North America; 1 in U. 8. 164. APONOGETON, L.1781.( Amogeton, Apogeton ). Naiadaceae. Syn. Ouvirandra, Thou. 1809. Water plants with fleshy farinaceous rhizomes. About 20 species, Asia, Africa and Aus- tralia. Ouvirandra includes the species with fenestrated leaves. a. A. fenestrdle Hook. (O. fenestralis Poir.). Madagascar, Lat- tice-leaf, Lattice plant, Lace-leaf, Water-yam. Leaves a mere skeleton. Fleshy tubers esculent. . SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 41 165. AQUILLARIA, Lam. Aloe-wood. Thymeliaceae. From vernacular name, erroneously translated ‘‘eagle wood’’ Syn. Agallochum, Aloexylum. Trees. About 3 species, China to East Indies. : a. A. Agallocha Roxb. (Aloexylum Agallochum Lour.). Cochin China, Assam and ajoining regions. The fragrant wood is lignaloes, the Aloes of Scripture (Lign-aloes=lignum aloes, aloes-wood ) also called Calambac, Agal-wood (i. e. Agallochum wood), Aloe-wood, Aggur, Tuggur or Agila-wood, whence by confusion with Latin aquila, Eagle-wood. 166. AQUILEGIA, L. Columbine. Ranunculaceae. From Latin, ‘‘eagle-like’, the spurs resembling talons. Perennial hervs with fantastic-shaped showy flowers. About 20 species, north temperate zone; 15in U.S. The species are acrid and the following are reputed diuretic, diaphoretic and emmenagogue. a. A. Canadénsis L. Canada and eastern U. S. Wild Columbine, Red Columbine, Bells, Chuckies, Honey-suckle*, Jack-in-trou- sers, Rock-lily, Meeting- houses. Planted in gardens for orna- ment, as are other indigenous species. b. A. vulgaris L. Europe. Cult. in gardens and adv. in U. S. European Columbine, Garden Columbine, (Colourbinet, Culla- vine, Curranbine), Bluebells*, Blue-starry, Boots-and-shoes, Capon’s-feather, Capon’s-tail, Cock’s-foot, Culverwort, Dove’s-= foot, Granny’s-nightcap, Hawk-feet, Hen-and-chickens*, Lady’s- shoes, Lady’s-slippers*, Snapdragon*, Sowdwort, Two faces- under-a hat; Ger. Glockenblume, Ackelei; Fr. Colombine. 167. ARABIS, L. — Rock Cress, Wall Cress. — Cruciferae. The Greek name, ‘‘Arabian plant’. Syn. Turritis, L., also Sisymbrium, Cardamine, in part. Annual or perennial cress- like herbs. About 80 species, mostly of northern hemisphere; 48 in U.S. a. A. alpina L. Sub-arctic Europe, Asia and N. America, also i cult. in gardens. Alpine Rock-cress, Alpine Molewort, Se, Bishop’s-wig, Dusty-husband, March-and-May, May, Snow- dri‘t, | Snow-on-the-mountain, Sweet-Alice, | White-Alison, White-rock. b. A. Canadénsis L. Canada and northeastern U. S., south to Texas. Sickle-pod. e. A. glabra (L.) Bernh. (T. glabra L., A. perfoliata Lam.). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Tower Mustard, Tower Cress. ; d. A. lyrdta L. (C. spathulata Michx.). Canada and_northeast- ern U. 8., also in Japan. Lyre-leaved Rock-cress. Plant, as in some other species, pungent, anti-scorbutie. 168. ARACHIS, L. - Peanut. - — Papilionaceae. Greek name of some leguminous plant. Low herbs with subterranean legumes. About 7 species, tropical America. ’ 42 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. A. hypogaéa L. Tropical America, widely cult. Peanut, Goober or Gouber ( Negroes of southern States), Ground Pea, Ground-nut, Earth-nut, Yer-nut{, Haugh-nut, Manila-nut; Ger. Erdnuss; Fr. Pistache de terre. Seeds esculent; yield a valuable fixed oil called in India Katchung oil. 169. ARA GALLUS, Neck. Aragallus. Papilionaceae. Syn. Oxytropis, Astragalus, in part. Herbs or sub-shrubs. related to Oxytropis. About 20 species, all of western U. §. 170. ARALIA, L. : Aralia. - Araliaceae. Name of unknown origin. Syn. Fatsia, in part. Peren- nial aromatic herbs, shrubs or trees. About 27 species, N. America and Asia; 6 in U.S. a. A. Califérnica Wats. Pacific Coast of U. 8. California Spike- nard. Like (e), but larger. . b. A. hispida Vent. Northeastern U. 8. to Labrador and Minne sota. Dwarf Elder, Wild Elder, Bristly Sarsaparilla, Brittle- stem, Rough or Brittle-stem Sarsap: irilla, Pigeon berry. Bark diuretic, alterative. ce. A, nudicatlis L. Northeastern U. 8. to Manitoba and Mis- sourl. American Sarsaparilla, Wild or False Sarsaparilla, Vir- ginian Sarsaparilla, Small Spikenard, Rabbit’s-root, Shot-bush, Wild Licorice; Ger. Nackte Aralie; Fr. Aralie 4 tige nue, Petit nard. Rhizome of this and of (e), formerly called Nardus Americanus, alterative, stimulant, diuretic. d. A. papyrifera Hook. (more correctly Fatsia papyrifera ( Hook. ) Dec. & Planch.). Formosa. he white pith, cut in sheets, is the Chinese rice paper. e. A. racemésa L. Northeastern U. S. to New Brunswick and Minnesota. Spikenard, American Spikenand, Spignet, Spice- berry, Indian-root, |’ettv-morrel, Life-of-Man, Old-man’s-root; Ger. Amerikanische Nard; Fr. Nard Américain. See (c). f. A. ‘spinédsa L. Gulf States to New York. Hercules’ a Toothache-tree, Wild Orange, Spikenard-tree, Pick-tree, Shot- bush, Pigeon-tree, Sea Ash, Angelica tree, Southern Prickly Elder, Southern Prickly Asht; (ver. DornigeAralie; Fr. Aralie épineuse. Bark acrid, alterative, antiarthritic. 171.. ARAUCARIA, — - Araucaria. - — Pinaceae. Lo‘ty evergreen trees. About 8 species, warm regions, %. America to Australia. a. A. exeélsa R. Br. Norfolk Island. Norfolk Island Pine. Timber used for ship building. b. A. imbricata Pavon. Chili and Patagonia. Arancaria, Mon- Male -puzzle. The most hardy of the Araucarias. Timber valua- oe Seeds constitute une chief food of the aborigines i in some id esos ee, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 43 172. ARBUTUS, L. Ss Arbutus. 5 Ericaceae. , _The classical name. Shrubs or trees. About 30 species, chiefly of western Asia and N. America; 3 in U. S. a. A. Menziésii Pursh. Pacific coast, U.S. California Madrofio or Madrofia. See 176 (d). b. A. Unédo L. Mediterranean region. European Strawberry tree, Arbute tree, Arbeset, Apple-of-Cain, Cane-Apple; Ger. Erdbeerbaum; Fr. Arbousier (Codex), Olonier, Frasier en arbre. Foot and leaves astringent. From the berries a spirit is distilled. c. A. Xalapénsis H. B. K. (Arctostaphylos Oxacana DC. ). - Mexico and southwestern U. S. Mexican Madrofio or Mad- rona. Leaves have the action of Uva Ursi. 173. ARCTERANTHIS, Greene. Arcteranthis. Ranuneulaece. From Greek, ‘‘northern spring-flower”. One species in U. S. 174. ARCTIUM, L. - Burdock. - Composite. The Greek name, “‘bearish”, i. e. rough. Syn. Lappa, in part. Coarse biennial herbs, forming troublesome weeds. About 6 species, Europe and Asia; 3 nat. in U. S. a. A. Lappa L. (L. major Gaertn.). Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. and widely elsewhere. Burdock, Great Burdock, Baz- zies, Bachelor’s-buttons*, Beggar’s-buttons, Billy-Buttons, Bourholm, Clive, Clotbur* (Clote-bur, Clit-bur), Cockle-bur* (Cockly-bur, Crocklety-bur, Cuckoldy-bur), Cuckold-dock, Cucklemoors, Cuckoo-button, Harebur, Hurr-bur, Hardock, Hoar-dock, Stick-button, Thistle*, Turkey-bur; Ger. Kletten- wurzel; Fr. Bardane, (Codex) Glouteron; Sp. Bardana. See (b). b. A. minus Schk. (Lappa minor DC., A. Bappa var. minus A- Gray). Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere- Lesser Burdock, Common Burdock (of U. S.). Generally con- founded with (a) and called by the same names. Both are in- vw cluded in A. officinalis Allioni and Lappa vulgaris Neilr. Root of both species, Lappa U.S. P., Radix bardane, and fruit, y Fructus lappe, Semen bardane; alterative, deobstruent. 175. ARCTOMECON, Torr. Aretomecon. Papayeraceae. From Greek, “northern Poppy”. Herbs. Three species in western U. S. 176. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans. _ Bear-berry. Eriecaceae. From Greek, ‘‘bear’s grape’. Evergreen shrubs or small trees. About 25 species, mostly of western N. America; 21 in U. 8. a. A. glatiea Lind]. California. Great-berried Manzanita. Leaves employed like those of (f), as are also those of the Mexican species: (b). A, muerocifera DC., (c) A. Polifélia Kunth and (d) A. tomentésa Dougl., the last being known as Mad- rofio or Madrofia. See Arbutus (a) and (ce). 44 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 4 e. A. pungens H. B. K. California. Common Manzanita, this name being applied to the several shrubby Californian species. f. A. Uva Ursi (L.) Spreng. (Arbutus Uva Ursi L., A. officinalis Wimmer). Northern Europe. Asia and N. America, south to New Jersey, Colorado and California. Bearberry, Red Bear- berry, Bear’s Grape?, Uva Ursi, Universe-vine}, Bear's Bilberry, Bear’s Whortleberry, Brawlins, Burren Myrtle, Upland or Moun- tain Cranberry, Creashak, Crowberry, Kinnikinnic, Killikinie, Meal-berry, Mountain Box, Rock-berry, Sagachomi, Rapper dandies (the fruit); Ger. Barentraube; Fr. Uva Ursi, Bus- serole, Raisin d’ours (Codex);Sp. Gayuba, Leaves, Uva Ursi, U. S. P., Uve ursi folia, Br., Fol. arctostaphyli; astringent diuretic. Wii. ARECA, lL. uo); Betel-nut. __ - Sabalaceae. From vernacular name, East Indies. Palms with solid nut- like fruit. About 25 species, tropical Asia and East Indies. a. A. Catechu L. East Indies. Betel-nut Palm, Areca-nut Palm, Pinang. Seeds, Areca, Br., Semen arece; Ger. Arekanuss, Betelnuss; Fr. Noix d’arec. ‘Tsenicide, masticatory. 178. ARENGA, Labil. Sugar Palm. Sahalaceae. ; From vernacular name. Syn. Saguerus, in part. Palms. About 5 species, tropical Asia to Australia. a. A. saceharifera Labil. (Saguerus Rumphii Roxb., 8S. saecha- rifer Blume, 8S. Gamuto Hout. ). Kast Indies. Areng Palm, Sugar Palm; Condiar, Lontar or Lantar Palm. Tree yields Sago, also Palm wine (toddy) and Palm sugar (jaggery). 179. ARETHUSA, L. Arethusa. Orchidaceae. Dedicated to the nymph Arethusa. Ornamental bulbous plants. Two species, one in Japan, one in U. S$. s a. A. bulbésa L. Canada to N. Carolina, west to Minnesota. Arethusa, Dragon’s-mouth, Wild Pink. 180. ARGEMONE, L. Prickly Poppy. Papaveraceae. Greek name of a Poppy, from that of an eye-disease it was supposed to cure. Prickly herbs with yellow latex and showy flowers. About 8 species, all of southern U. §. and Mexico. a. A. Alba Lestib. (A. albiflora Hornem.). South-central U. 8. _ White Prickly-poppy, White or Prairie Poppy-thistle. Plant acrid, emeto-cathartic, narcotic; oil from seeds purgative. / b. A. Mexicana L. Tropical America, adv. in southern U. S. Mexican Prickly-poppy, Mexican Poppy, Jamaica Yellow Thistle, Yellow Poppy-thistle or Flowering-thistle, Thorn Poppy, Bird-in-the-bush, Devil’s-tig. Properties of (a). 181. ARISAEMA, Mart. Indian Turnip. Araceae. From Greek, ‘‘arum-like’. Syn. Arum, in part. Peren- nial herbs with acrid, starchy corms. . About 50 species, mostly of Asia; 3 in U. S. : SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 45 a. A. Dracéntinm (L.) Schott. (Arum Dracontium L.). Canada and eastern U.S. Green-dragon, Dragon-root. Properties of (b). b. A. triphyllum (L.) Torr. (Arum triphyilum L., Arisema atrorubens Blume). Canada and eastern U. S. Indian Tur- nip, Jack-in-the-pulpit, Wake-robin, Three-leaved Arum, Wild Pepper, Dragon Turnip, Brown-dragon, Devil’s-ear; Marsh-, Swamp-, Wild-, M+adow- or Pepper-turnip, Starchwort, Bog- onion, Priest’s-pintl, Lords-and-Ladies, (Some other syn- onyms of Arum maculatum are also sometimes applied to this plant. ); Ger. Indianische Aronswurz, Zehrwurz, Dreiblittri- ger Aron; Fr. Gouet & trois feuilles; Sp. Aro. Corm, Arum, Radix (Tubera) ari indici; acrid, carminative, expectorant. 182. ARISTOLOCHIA, L. Birthwort; Heartwort. Aristolochia- ceae. The Greek name, ‘favoring child-birth’’. Syn. Endodeca, in part. Perennial herbs or vines with strangely-shaped flowers. About 180 species; 11 in U. S. See Corydalis. a. A. longa L. Southern Europe. Long Birthwort; Ger. Langer Osterluzei, Lange Hohlwurzel. Rhizome alterative, believed to facilitate parturition. b. A. macrophylla Tam. (A. Sipho L’Her). Pennsylvania to _ Georgia and Kansas. Dutchman’s-pipe, Pipe-vine, Big Sar- saparilla, Wild Ginger*. . A. Pistoléchia L. Southern Europe. French or Spanish Birthwort; Ger. Franzésischer Osterluzei, Netzblatthohlwurzel. Riuzome, Rad. pistolochiae, Rad. aristolochiae polyrrhize. Properties and uses of (a). ie) d. A. reticulata Nutt. Louisianaand Texas. Snake-root, South- ern Serpentaria. Rhizome, Serpentaria U. S. P., in part, Ser- pentariz rhizoma Br., in part. See (f). ® A. rotunda L. Southern Europe. Round Birthwort, Somer- wort; Ger. Runder Osterluzei, Rund-Hohlwurzel, Gebirmut- terswurzel. Properties of (a). f. A. Serpentaria L. (EndodecaSerpentaria Klotsch). New York to Michigan and southwards. Serpentaria, Virginia Snake- root, Snakeweed, (Snagrel, Sangrel, Sangree root), Serpentary, Pelican-flower; Ger. Virginische Schlangenwurzel; Fr. Serpen- taire de Virginie (Codex), Vipérine de Virginie; Sp. Serpen- taria de Virginia. Rhizome and roots, Serpentaria U. S. P., Serpentarie rhizoma, Br., Rad. serpentariae (virginiane), Rad. colubrina v. viperina. Stimulant tonic, diaphoretic, alterative. 188. ARNICA, L. - Arnica. - Compositae. The classical name, perhaps a corruption of ‘‘Ptarmica’’. Syn. Doronicum, in part. Herbs, mostly with yellow flowers. About 25 species, northern hemisphere; 22 in U. S. 46 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. A. montana L. (D. Arnica R. Br.). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Arnica, Leopard’s-bane, Wolf’s-bane, Moun- tain Tobacco; Ger. Wohlverleih, Arnika, Fallk aut, Gems- blume, Blutblume; Fr. Arnica (Codex), Arnique. lowers, Arnicae flores, U. S. P., rhizome and rootlets, arnicae radix, U.S. P., Arnice rhizoma, Br. Leaves, Folia Arnice, Herba doronici germanici. Irritant, nauseant, narcotic, vulnerary. Indigenous species, having probably similar properties are (b) A. alpina Olin, (c) A. aeatlis ( Walt.) B.S. P. (A. nudicaulis Ell.) and (d) A. Chamissonis Less. (A. mollis Hook. ). 184. ARNOSERIS, Gaertn. Lamb-Succory. —_ Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘lamb succory’’. Syn. Hyposeris, in part. Herb. One species. a. A. minima (L.) Dumort. (Hyposeris minima L., A. pusilla, Gaertn. ). Western Europe, ady. in U. 8. Lamb-succory, Dwarf Swine’s or Hog’s Succory, Dwarf Nipplewort. 185. ARONIA, Pers. Choke-berry, Choke Pear. Pomaceae. Name from ‘‘Aria’’, the Beam-tree. Syn. Mespilus, Pyrus, in part. Shrubs with berry-like pomes. ‘Two species, both in ULS. a. A. arbutifélia (L.) Ell. (P. arbutifolia L.). Canada and eastern U. 8. Red Choke-berry or Choke-pear, Dog-berry tree. Fruit excessively astringent. : 186. ARRACACTIA, Bancr. 1826 (Arracacha). Umbelliferae. Syn. Velea DC. 1830. Herbs, with fleshy aromatic roots. About 12 species, all American; 7 in southwestern U. 8. 187. ARTEMISIA, L. Wormwood, Sage-brush. Compositae. Named for Artemisia, wife of Mausolus. Syn. Absinthium, in part. Aromatic bitter herbs or small shrubs. About 200 species, northern hemisphere and S. America; 50 in U. 8. a. A. Abrétanum L. Southern Europe and western Asia; cult. and ady. in U.S. Southernwood, Abrotanum ( Apple-riennie}, Averoynet ), Boy’s-love, Kiss-me-quick-and-go, Lad-savour, Maiden’s-ruin, Maid’s-love, Old-man, Smelling-wood, Sloven- wood, Sweet-Benjamin; Ger. Eberraute, Eherreiskraut, Gert- wurz, Stabwurzel; Fr. Aurone Male, Citronelle (Codex); Sp. Abrotano. Plant, Herba abrotani, aromatic, bitter; odor Jemon-like. : b. A. Absinthium L. (Absinthium vulgare Lam.). North Africa, Europe and northern Asia, cult. and ady. in U.S. Worm- wood, (Warmot, Wormit, Weremod) Absinthium, Maderwort, Mingwort, Old-woman; Ger. Wermuth, Alsei, Wurmtod; Fr. Absinthe (grande), Aluyne (Codex:); Sp. Ajenjos. Tops and leaves, Absinthium, U.S. P., Summitates absinthii; stimu- lant tonic, anthelmintic, narcotic. ec. A. Abyssinica Oliv. Abyssinia. Tshuking, Zerechtit. Plant — aromatic bitter. 4 / a. ge h. m. Nn. 7 Ae p. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 47 A. Cina Berg. Orient. See (m). . A. Dractneulus L. Southern Europe and Asia, also widely cult. Tarragon (i. e. Dragon), Biting-dragon; Ger. Dragun- beifuss. Kaisersalat; Fr. Sp. Kstragon. Plant anise-scented, used as a condiment. A. filifolia Torr. Nebraska to Texas and Utah, Silvery Worm- wood, Wormwood Sage. locally known as Southernwood. . A. frigida Wild. Minnesota to Idaho, south to Texas. Moun- tain Sage, Pasture Sage-brush, Wild Sage, Wormwood Sage, SierraSalviat. Plant aromatie, bitter, diaphoretic, febrifuge. A, glacialis L. Switzerland. Silky Wormwood. This species, also (i) A. mustellina Vill. and (j) A. spiedta Wulf, both of the Swiss Alps, is used in the preparation of absinthe. Flowering plant, Herba_absinthii alpini, Herba genippi albi; Ger. Weisser Genipp; Fr. Genipi vrai (Codex); stimulant, bitter, tonic. . A. gnaphalodes Nutt (A. Ludoviciana var. gnaphalodes T. & Gr.). Texas to western Ontario and westward. Western Mug- wort, Prairie or Cudweed Mugwort, Western Sage. Fruit of this also of (1) A. dracuneuloides Pursh, used as food by Indians. A. Méxa DC. China. Moxa plant. From the leaves are pre- pared Chinese moxa, used formerly as a cautery. A. paucifiéra (Ledeb.) Weber (A. maritima var. pauciflora Ledeb., A. Lercheana. Kar. & Kir. A. maritima var. Stech- manniana Besser). Western Asia. This plant rather than (d), as formerly supposed, yields the Levant worm-seed. The unexr- panded flowers; Levant, Aleppo or Alexandria Wormseed; San tonic>, U.S. P., Flores (v. Anthodia) cine, Semen cinae, Semen contra s. sanctum s. santonici; Ger. Wurmsamen, Zitt- wersamen, Cinabliithen; Fr. Semen contra, Semencine, Bar- botine (Codex); Sp. Yanténica. Anthelmintic. Source of Santonin. A. Pontica L. Southern Europe to Central Asia. Roman~ Wormwood; Ger. Rémischer oder Pontischer Wermuth; Fr. Absinthe Pontique ou petite (Codex). Properties of (b). A. tridentata Nutt. Nebraska to Colorado and westward. Sage-brush, Common Sage-brush, Sage-wood, Mountain Sage. This and other species, as (q) A. arbuscula Nutt. and (r) A. trifida Nutt., Dwarf Sage-brush, have properties of (g). s. A. vulgaris L. Europe, northern Africa and Asia, nat. in U. 8. Mugwort, (Muggert, Mogford), Common Mugwort, Apple-pie, Bulwand, Fat-hen*, Felon-herb, Green Ginger, Mugweed, Motherwort, Smotherwood, Sailor's Tobacco, Worm- wood*; Ger. Beifuss, Jungfernkraut, Weiberkraut; Fr. Armoise (Codex), Couronne de Saint-jean; Sp. Artemisa. Herb, Herba artemisie, emmenagogue, antispasmodic. Root tonic, anti- spasmodic. 48 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS * 188. ARTOCARPUS, Forst. Breadfruit, etc. Artocarpaceae. From Greek, ‘‘bread fruit’. Syn. Iridaps, Polyphema, Soccus, Rademachia, in part. Trees. About 60 species, warm- er regions of Old World. a. A. ineisa L. (A. communis Forst., Iridaps Rima Commers, Soccus granosus Rumph., Rademachia incisa Thunb.). East Indies to Polynesia, cult. in all tropical countries. Breadfruit tree, Bread-tree; Fr. Rima, Arbre & pain. rut esculent. b. A. integrifélia L. (Soceus major Rumph., Polyphema cauli- florum Lour.). East Indies. Jack-tree, Jaca- or Jak-tree. Fruit, Jack-fruit, esculent. 189. ARUM,S. - - Arum. - --. Aracez. The ancient Greek name. Acrid herbs. About 45 species, Europe and Asia. a. A. maculatum L. Europe. Spotted Arum (Aron, Aaron), Adder’s-root; Bobbins, Buckram, Cocky-baby, Cuckoo-babies, Cuckoo-pint, Dragon-root, Great (also Small) Dragon, Friar’s- cowl, Gaglee, Bloody-man’s-finger, Kings-and-queens, Lords- and-ladies, Lamb-lakins, Lily-grass, Mandrake*, Nightingales, Parson-and-clerk, Poison-berry, Quakers, Sago-plant, School- masters, Snake’s-meat, Starch-root, Wake-robin, Wild Lily; Ger. Pfaffenpint, Gefleckter Aronstab, Aronwurz, Zehrwurz; Fr. Arum, Gouet, Pied-de-veau (Codex). Rhizome (Corm), Rhizoma (Tubera) ari, Rad. dracontii minoris; Acrid, carmina- tive, expectorant. Source of Portland Arrow-root. 190. ARUNCUS, Adans. Goat’ s-heard. Rosaceae. The classical name. Syn. Spirea, in part. Tall perennial herbs with flowers in panicled spikes. Two species, 1 in Japan, 1 circumpolar and in U. 8 191. ARUNDINARIA, Michx. Small Cane. Gramineae. Name Latin, ‘‘reed like’. Bamboo-like grasses. About 24 species; 3 in U. S. See Bambusa (j) and (k). a. A. macrospérma Michx. Southeastern U. S. Canebrake. Culms used for fishing-rods, ete. ; 192. ARUNDO, L. - - Reed. - - Gramineae. Latin name of ‘‘reed’’ (properly Harundo). Tall reedy grasses. About 35 species; 1 in U. S. a. A. Donax L. Mediterranean region. Reed, Spanish Cane; Fr. Canne de Provence, Grand roseau (Codex). Rhizome diuretic, emmenagogue. 198. ASAGRAEA, _ Lindl. 1839 (Asa Graya). _ Liliaceae. Named for the distinguished American botanist, Asa Gray. Syn. Scheenocaulon Gray, 1848, Skoinolon Raf.; Sabadilla, Helonias, Veratrum, in part. Scapose bulbous herbs. About 5 species, Florida to Venezuela; 2 in U. S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 49 a. A. officinalis (Ch. & Sch.) Lindl. (Veratrum officinale Ch. & Sch., Schoenocaulon officinale Gray, Helonias officinalis Don, Sabadilla officinarum Brandt). Mexico to Venezuela. Ceva- dilla, Sabadilla, Indian Barley-caustic. Seeds, Sabadilla Br.; Ger. Sabadillsamen, Laiisekérner, Laiisesamen; Fr. Cévadille (Codex ); Sp. Cebadilla; source of veratrine; insecticide. 194. ASARUM, L. Asarabacca, etc. Aristolochiaceae. The classical name. Stemless perennials with aromatic rhizomes. About 18 species, north temperate zone; 13 in U. S. a. A. Canadénse L. Canada to N. Carolina and Kansas. Canada Snakeroot, Wild Ginger, Indian Ginger, False Coltsfoot, Ver- mont or Heart Snakeroot, Black or Coltsfoot Snakeroot, Colie- roét, Cat’s-foot, Broad-leaved Asarabacea; Ger. Canadische Schlangenwurz, Indischer Ingwer; Fr. Asaret; Sp. , ) one alee ‘ SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 67 290, BOTRYCHIUM, Swz. — Grape-fern. Ophioglossacex. From Greek word for a ‘‘cluster of grapes’. Syn, Osmundat, in part. Small fleshy ferns. About 12 species; 9 in U. S. a. B. Lunaria (L.) Swz. (O. Lunaria L.). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Moonwort, Moon Fern, Lunary, Plen- tage, Unshoe-the-horse, the first three of these names being sometimes extended to other species. b. B. Virginianum (L.) Swz. (O. Virginiana L., B. gracile Pursh. ). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Virginia Grape-fern?, Rattlesnake Fern, Indicator ( Virginia), Hemlock- leaved Moonwort4. 291. BOUCHEA, Cham. Bouchea. Verbenaceae. Named for Charles and Peter Bouché, gardeners of Berlin. Herbs, some shrubby. About 20 species, mostly African, a few in America and Asia; 3 in southwestern U. S. 292. BOUCHETIA, DC. Bouchetia. Solanaceae. | Named for D. Bouchet, French botanist. Low perennial herb, a single species, Texas to Brazil. 293. BOURDONIA, Greene. Bourdonia. Compositae. Syn. Keerlia. Two species in western U. S. 294. BOURRERIA, P. Br. ( Beurreria). Boraginaceae. Named for a Nuremberg apothecary, Bourrer. Syn. Crema- tomia, Miers, Ehretia, Pittonia, in part. Trees and shrubs. About 25 species, tropical America; 2 in U. 8. 295. BOUVARDIA, Salish. Bouvardia. Rubiaceae. Name for Dr. Bouvard of the Jardin du Roi, Paris. Orna- mental shrubs. About 50 species, tropical America; 2 in U. S. 296. BOWDICHIA, H. B. K. Bowdichia. Papilionaceae. Named for J. E. Bowdich, traveler in west Africa. Syn. Sebipira, Mart. Trees. Two species, S. America. a. B. virgilioides H. B. K., Brazil. Alcornoco, Alcornoque. Bark tonic, febrifuge. See 334 (a). 297. BOWLESIA, R. & P. Bowlesia. Umbelliferae. Herbs. About 20 species, mostly of S. America; 1 in U. 8. 298. BRABEJUM, L. Kafir Chestnut. Proteaceae. Syn. Brabyla. Shrubs. One species, south Africa. a. B. stellatifélium L. South Africa. Kafir Chestnut, Wild Chestnut, Wild Almond. Seeds esculent, a substitute for coffee. 299. BRACHYACTIS, Ledeb. Rayless Aster. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘short rayed’’. Syn. Tripolium, Aster, in part. Smooth, somewhat fleshy herbs. About 7 species, N. America and northern Asia; 1 in U. S. 300. BRACHYCHAETA, T. & Gr. False Golden-rod. Composite. From Greek, ‘‘short bristled’, of the pappus. Syn. Solidago, in part. One species, eastern U. S. ae, 68 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS ; \ 301. BRADBURYA, Raf. 1817. Butterfly-Pea. Papilionaceae. Named for John Bradbury, explorer in America early in 19th Century. Syn. Centrosema, Benth. 1838, Clitoria, in part. Vines with showy flowers. About 30 species, all American; 2 in U.S. 302. BRASENIA, Schreb. | Water-shield. | Nympheacew. Name unexplained. Syn. Hydropeltis, Menyanthes, in part. Aquatic plant with small peltate leaves. One species. a. B. purpurea (Michx.) Casp. (H. purpurea Michx., B. Schre- beri J. F. Gmel. (Kew), B. peltata Pursh.). Nova Scotia to Mexico and California, also in Asia and Australia. Water- shield, Water-target, Water-jelly, Deer-foot, Frog-leaf, Little Lily-pad, Little Water-lily, Water-leaf. Leaves astringent. Roots farinaceous. 308. BRASSICA, L. Cabbage, etc. Cruciferae. The Latin name of Cabbage. Syn. Sinapis, in part, Annual, biennial or perennial herbs. About 80 species, Old World. a. B. arvénsis (L.) B.S. P. (B. Sinapistrum Boiss. (Kew), S. arvensis L.). Europe, adv, in U.S. Charlock (Carlock, Car- lick, Kerlock, Curlock ), Wild Mustard, Corn Mustard, Corn or Field Kale, Bastard Rocket, Chadlock (Kedlock, Kellock, Kilk), Kraut-weed, Crowd-weed{, Runch, Warlock, Yellow- flower. Seeds like those of (d) but smaller. b. B. campéstris L. Europe. Wild or Common Navew, Wild Navette, Nape, Bargeman’s Cabbage, Colza, Summer Rape. Of this species it is believed that B. Napus L., which yields the various kinds of Turnip (Cole-rape) are only varieties. _ T'u- berous roots, in cultivation, esculent, antiscorbutic. Seeds, Rape seed, Cole-seed, Bird-seed; yield Rape or Colza oil; Ger. Riibdl, Rapsdl, Kohlsaatsél; Fr. Huile de navette, Huile de Colza. c. B. junecea (L.) Coss. (S. juncea L.). Southern Russia, adv. in U.S. Sarepta Mustard, Russian Mustard, Indian Mustard. Properties of (d). d. B. nigra (L.) Koch (S. nigra L., B. sinapioides Roth.). Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Black Mustard, Red Mustard, Cad- lock, Kerlock, Senore, Scurvy. Seed, Sinapis nigra, U. 8. P., Sinapis nigre NSemina, Br,, Sem. Sinapis P. G., Semen sinapeos; Ger. Senf, Schwarzer Senfsamen; Fr. Moutarde noire (Codex );Sp. Mostaza negra; Irritant, emetic, revulsive, counter- irritant, also used as a condiment. e. B. oleracea L. Europe, now universally cultivated. Cabbage, Colewort, Collardt, (southern U. S.) Collett; in the wild state, Sea-Cabbage or Sea Kale, also Coolstock, Ragged Jack. Under cultivation has developed the varieties known as Cauli- flower, Broccoli, Borecole (Bowkail), Brussels Sprouts, Kohl rabi; Ger. Kohl; Fr. Chou. eaves (heads, buds, ete. ), esculent. 304. BRAUNERIA, Neck.1790. Purple Cone-flower. Composite. Named for Jacob Brauner, German botanist, 18th Century. Syn. Echinacea, Moench. 1794, Rudbeckia, in part. Robust herbs with thick black roots. Two species, both of U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 69 a. B. pallida (Nutt.) Britton. (Rudbeckia pallida Nutt., Echin- acea angustifolia DC.). Alabama to Texas and northwestward. Pale-purple Cone-flower, Comb (Dakota), Echinacea, Sampson- root. Root alterative; remedy for snake-bite, hydrophobia, etc. b. B. purpurea (L.) Brit. (Echinacea purpurea Moench., Rud- beckia purpurea L.) Virginia to Illinois and Louisiana. Black Sampson, Hedgehog Cone-flower, Purple Cone-flower, Red Sun-flower, Comb-flower. Properties of No. 1. $05. BRAYA, Sternb. & Hoppe. Braya. Cruciferae. Perennial scapose herbs. About 15 species, Arctic and Akpine regions; 2in U.S. 806. BRAZORIA, Eng. & Gray. Brazoria. Labiatae. Named from the river Brazos in Texas. Syn. Physostegia, in part. Low annuals. Two known species, both of Texas. 307. BREVOORTIA, Wood. Brevoortia. Liliaceae. Scapose herb with showy umbellate flowers. A single species, California. a. B. ventista Greene (B. coccinea, Wats., B. Ida-Maia Wood. California. Vegetable Fire-cracker, Crimson Satin-flower. 308. BREWERITA, R. Br. Breweria. Conyolvyulaceae. Named for Samuel Brewer, a correspondent of Dillen. Syn. Stylisma, Bonamia, Convolvulus, in part. Procumbent herbs. About 30 species, warm regions; 7 in U. S. 309. BRINTONIA, Greene. Brintonia. Compositae. Syn. Solidago, in part. Herb, allied to Golden-rod. One species in western U. S. 310. BRITTONAMRA, Brittonamra. Papilionaceae. Syn. Cracca, in part. Herbs. Two species in western U. 8. 311. BRODIAEA, Sm. California Hyacinth. Liliaceae. Scapose herbs from a coated bulb. About 20 species, New World; 8 in southwestern U. 8S. 312. BROMELIA, L. Bromelia. Bromeliaceae. Named for Adolph Bromel, Swedish botanist, d. 1705. Fiber plants. About 30 species, S. America. a. B. Pinguin L. West Indies. Pinguin, Pen-gwyn. Fruit aci- dulous, refrigerant, anthelmintic. A hedge plant. 313. BROMUS, L. Brome-Grass, Chess, Gramineex. Greek name of a kind of Oats. About 40 species; 23 in U. S. a. B. seealinus L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Chess, Cheat, Cheat-grass, Smooth Rye-brome. 314. BRONGNIARTIA, H. B. K. Brongniartia. Papilionacee. Named for Adolph Brongniart, French botanist. Shrubs. About 20 species, mostly of Mexico; 1 in U. S. 70 ; PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 315. BROSIMUM, Swz. 1788. Cow-tree, ete. Artocarpaceae. From Greek, ‘‘esculent”. Syn. Piratinera Aubl. 1775 ( “‘with false characters’, B. & H.), Galactodendron H. B. K., in part. Trees with milky sap. About 8 species, tropical America. a. B. Alicastrum Swz. West Indies. Seeds, called in Jamaica bread-nuts, esculent. Milk juice acrid. b. B. Galactodéndron D. Don (G. utile Kunth.). Tropical America. Cow tree, Milk tree, Palo de vaca, Arbol de léche. Milk juice resembles cow’s milk. See Clusia. — 316. BROUSSONETIA, L’Her. Paper Mulberry. Moraceae. Named for M. Broussonet, French naturalist, d. 1807. Syn. Morus, in part. Trees with fibrous bark. About 7 species, eastern Asia and Oceanica. a B. papyrifera (L.) Vent. (M. papyrifera L.). Asia and Oceanica, nat. in U. S. Paper Mulberry, Tahiti Mulberry, Cut-paper. Inner bark made into paper in Japan and into bark cloth (kapa, tapa) in the islands of the Pacific. 317. BRUNFELSIA, L. Brunfelsia. Solanacene. Named for Otto Brunfels, botanist of Metz, 16th Century. Shrubs or small trees. About 35 species, tropical America. a. B. Hopeina Benth. (Franciscea uniflora Pohl.). Brasil. Manaca (one of several plants so called), called also Manacan, Camganiba, Geratacdca, Mercurio-vegetal ( vegetable mercury ). Root antiarthritic, alterative. [ 318. BRUNNICHIA, Banks. Brunnichia. Polygonaceae. Named for M. T. Brunnich, Norwegian naturalist. Syn. Rajania, in part. Shrubby climber. Two species, one of Africa, 1 in U. §. : — 319. BRYANTHUS, S. G. Gmel. Bryanthus. - Ericaceae. From Greek, ‘‘uxuriant-bloom”. Syn. Menziesia. .Low shrubs. About 6 species, Arctic and north temperate zones; 4in U. S. 320. BRYONIA, L. Bryony, White-vine, etc. Cucurbitaceae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Corallocarpus, in part. Climbing perennial herbs. About 15 species, warmer regions of Old World. a. B. alba L. Eastern Europe and western Asia. White Bryony (also called Black Bryony, from color of berries, but not to be confounded with Tamus communis q. v.), Tetter-berry, White- vine, Wood-vine, Wild-vine. b. B. dioica L. Europe. Red Bryony, Common Bryony, Cow- 7 bind, Cow’s-lick, Devil’s Turnip, False Mandrake, Hedge Grape, Murrain-berry, Snake-berry, White-vine, Wild Hop; Ger. Zaunriibe, Gichtriibe, Stickwurz, Hundskurbis; Fr. Bryone blanche (Codex), Couleuvrée; Sp. Brionia. Root of this and of (a), Bryonia, U.S. P., Radix bryonie, Rad. vitis albe, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 71 Rad. uve anguine. Hydragogue cathartic, irritant, rubefa- cient. [In Africa the allied (c) Kedréstis nana Cogn. (B. Africanum Thunb.) is used in the same manner]. d. B. epigaéa Rottl. (Corallocarpus epigzea Hook. f., the prefer- able name). Java. Root alterative, cathartic, anthelmintic. 821. BRYOPHYLLUM, Salisb. Air-plant. Crassulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘budding leaf’. Syn. Crassuvium, in part. a. B. calycinum Salisb. Madagascar, Mauritius, ete. Air-plant, Life-plant. Leaves vulnerary. : 322. BUCERAS, P. Br. 1756, not Hall, 1785. Combretacezx. From Greek, ‘‘ox horn’’. Syn. Bucida, L. 1759, Termina- lia, L. 1767 (Kew), Myrobalanus, Gaertn. 1791, Catappa, Pen- taptera, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 90 species, tropical regions, especially of Old World. i" a. B. angustifélius (Jacq.) Lyons (T. angustifolia Jacq., T. Benzoin L. fils, Catappa Benzoin Gaertn.). Mauritius. In- cense tree. Hxrudate constitutes false benzoin, used as incense. b. B. Bellirica (Gaertn.) Lyons (T. Bellerica Roxb. (Kew), M. Bellirica Gaeting: East Indies. Dried fruits, Round Myro- balans, Belleric Myrobalans, Myrobalani rotundae s. bellericzs Ger. Runde Myrobalanen. Properties of (d). c. B. Catappa (L.) Lyons (T. Catappa L. (Kew), B. Bucida Crantz, Bucida Buceras Sieber, not L.). India and tropical regions generally. Umbrella tree, Malabar Almond, Country Almond (W. Indies), Kamani (Hawaii). Seeds almond-like; yield a bland fixed oil. d. B. Chebula (Retz) Lyons (T. Chebula Retz, M. Chebula Gaertn., Bucida comintana Blanco). India. Harra. Dried fruits are chebulic myrobalans, the yellow from the mature, the black from the blasted fruit; Ink-nuts, Harr-nuts, Myrobalani indicae s. nigrae; Ger. Indische oder schwarze Myrobalanen, astringent with cathartic properties like rhubarb; also used for tanning and for making ink. Chebula is a conserve made ' from the fruits. 323. BUCHNERA, L. Blue-hearts. Scrophulariaceae. Named for J. G. Buchner. MHispid or scabrous herbs. About 30 species, tropical or sub-tropical; 4 in U. S. 324. BUCKLEYA, Torr. Buckleya. Santalacez. Syn. Darbya, A. Gray. Shrubs. Two species, 1 in Japan, bin UW Sore a. B. lanuginésa (Michx.) Pers. (Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx.). Southeastern U. S. Woolly Buckthorn, Black Haw*, Gum-elastie. | b. B. lyeiofdes (L.) Pers. (Sideroxylon lycioides L.). South- eastern U. 8. Southern Buckthorn, Carolina Buckthorn, Bumelia, Chittim-wood, Coma, lron-wood, Mock Orange. 72 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS c. B. retiisa Swz. West Indies. Bastard Balata or Bully Tree. 325. BUDDLEIA, Houst. Buddleia. Loganiaceae. Trees, shrubs or herbs. About 100 species, India, South Africa and America; 6 in U. 8. 326. BUMELIA, Swz. Buckthorn*. Sapotaceae. Greek name of a species of Ash, ‘fox Ash”. Syn. Sideroxy- lon, in part. Shrubs and trees often thorny. About 30 species, all American; 6 in U. BUNIUM. See CONOPODIUM. 327. BUPLEURUM, L. Hare’s-ear, etc. Umbelliferae. The Greek name, “ox-ribbed”. Herbs with entire clasping or perfoliate leaves. About 65 species; 1 in U. 8. a. B. rotundifélium L. Europe and western Asia, nat. in U. S. Hare’s-ear, Thorough-wax or Thoroughwort, (i. e. perfoliate), Buplever?, Modesty; Ger. Durchwachskraut, Hasenohr; Fr. Oreille de liévre. Herb and seed formerly regarded medicinal. 328. BURMANNIA, L : Burmannia. Burmanniacee. Named for Johann Burmann, Dutch botanist, 18th Century. Syn. Tripterella, in part. Herbs with perianth three-winged. About 25 species, warm and tropical regions; 2 in U. S. 329. BURSA, Weber, 1780. Shepherd's-purse. Crucifere. From middle Latin, a ‘‘purse’’. Syn. Capsella, Medic. 1792, Thlaspi, in part. Inconspicuous annuals. About 4 species, northern hemisphere; 1 nat. in U. 8. ‘ a. B. Bursa-pastéris (L.) Brit. (Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris L., C. Bursa-pastoris Medic.). Eurcpe, nat. in U. 8 and widely elsewhere. Shepherd’s-purse, Blind-weed, Case-weed, Casse- weed, Clappedepouch|, Cocowort, Fat- hen*, ‘Lady ‘s-purse, . Mother’s-heart, Pepper-and-shot, ‘Pepper-plant, Pick-pocket, Pick-purse, Poor-man’s-pharmacetty, Shovel-weed, Toothwort*, Toywort, Ward-seed, Wind-flower*, Witches’-pouches; Ger. Hirtentischlein, Hirtentiischel, Sickelkraut, Giinsekresse; Fr. . Bourse & pasteur, Molette. Herb, Herba capselle, H. burse- pastoris; astringent, emmenagogue, diuretic. 330. BURSERA, L: - Bursera. - Burseraceac. Named for Joachim Burser, German botanist, 17th Century. Syn. Elaphrium, Icica, in part. Trees or shrubs, natives of tropical America; 2in U. 8. See also Canarium, Elaphrium and Protium. ‘ a. B. gummifera L. Tropical America. Jamaica or West Indian Birch, Gumbo-limbo tree; Fr. Gommart. Source of Cachibou or Chibou resin, resembling Caranna. [According to King’s Dispensatory (1899) oil of Mexican Lignaloes is derived from (b) B. Delpachiana]. 331. BUTEA, Koenig. 1795. Bastard Teak. Papilionaceae. Named for John, Earl of Bute, d. 1792. Syn. Plaso, Adans, 1763. Trees or shrubby climbers with showy flowers. About 5 species, southeastern Asia. & SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 73 a. B. frondésa Roxb. India to Burma. Dhak tree, Pulas or Palas tree, Bastard Teak. Jnspissated sap, Bengal or Palas Kino, Butea gum; astringent, resembling true kino. Seeds source of Moodooga oil (anthelmintic). The tree yields also lac. See Croton aromatica. 332. BUTNERIA, Duham 1755. Calycanthaeeae. Syn. Calycanthus L. 1759, Buettneria, Byttneria. Ornamen- tal shrubs. Three species, all of U. S. a. B. fértilis (Walt.) Kearney (C. fertilis Walt., C. levigatus Willd., C. glaucus Willd. ). Pennsylvania to Georgia. Smooth Strawberry-shrub?Z, Bubby-bush, Sweet-scented shrub, Spice-bush*. oot, leaves and bark, antiperiodic. Fruit re- puted poisonous to sheep. b. B. florida (L.) Kearney (C floridus L.). Virginia to Missis- sippi. Carolina Allspice, Sweet-scented shrub, Hairy Straw- berry-shrub?, Strawberry-bush, Spice-bush*, Sweet-Betsies, Florida Allspicet. Bark aromatic. ec. B. occidentalis ( H. & A.) Greene (C. occidentalis, H. & A.). Pacific border of U. §. California Spice-bush. BUTYROSPERMUM. See BASSIA. Bee Re Ge Bak ea The ancient Greek name. Evergreentreesorshrubs. About 20 species, Europe, Asia, Africa and West Indies. a. B. sempérvirens L. Europe and Asia, also cult. in gardens. Box tree, Bush-tree, Dudgeon. Leaves cathartic. Word dia- phoretic, alterative; also much used for engraving. 834. BYRSONIMA, Rich. — Locust-berry. Malpighiaceae. Shrubs or trees. About 80 species, tropical America; 1 in U.S . a. B. spicata Rich. (B. coriacea DC.). West Indies and §. America. Locust-berry. Bark, called in Brazil Muruxi bark, used in tanning. The bark of several other species is used for the same purpose under the name of Alcornoque bark. 335. CABOMBA, Aubl. — Water-shield. | Nymphaeaceae. Vernacular name, Guiana. Aquatic plants with floating peltate leaves. About 5 species, tropical America; 1 in U. S. 336. CACALIOPSIS, Gray. Cacaliopsis. Compdsitae. From Greek, ‘‘resembling Cacalia’’. . Floccose-woolly peren- nial. One species, Pacific border of U. S.. 337. CACTUS, L.1753. - Cactus. . Cactaceae. Greek name of some thorny plant. Syn. Mammillaria, Haw. 1812. Fleshy leafless plants, armed with spines. About 300 species, warm and tropical America; 23in U.S. None known to have active properties. See Cereus and Opuntia. 74 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 338. CAESALPINIA, L. Sappan, ete. Caesalpinaceae. Named for Andreas Caesalpinus, Italian botanist, d. 1603. Syn. Guilandina, Libidibia, in part. Trees or shrubs. About _ 50 species, tropical; 3in U. 8. See Guilandina. a. C. coriaria Willd. (Libidibia coriaria Schlecht. ). West Indies and $. America. Pods known as Divi-divi, Libi-divi, Libi- dibi or Muatta-pana; Fructus coriarie; astringent, used for tanning. b. C. echinata Lam. (Guilandina echinata Spreng.) Brazil. One of several species yielding the Brazil wood (true), Pernambuco- wood, Nicaragua-wood, Hypernic-wood, Lima-wood, and Peach- wood of commerce, used i in dyeing. c. C. SAppan L. East Indies. Source of Sappan-wood, Sampfen- wood, Bukkum or Wukkum of India, used in dyeing. 339. CAJUPUTI, Adans. 1768. Cajuput. Myrtaceae. From vernacular. Syn. Melaleuca, L. 1767, Myrtoleucoden- | dron, Rumph. Aromatic shrubs or trees with showy flowers. About 100 species, chiefly of Australia. a. C. ericifolia (Sm.) Lyons (Melaleuca ericifolia Sm.). Aus- tralia. Australian Cajuput (Cajeput) tree. Leaves yield an oil very similar to Cajuput oil. b. C. viridiflora (Gaertn. ) Lyons (Melaleuca viridiflora Gaertn., M. Leucadendron L., (Kew. ). Includes M. Cajuputi Roxb. ‘i East Indian Islands to India and Australia. Cajuput tree. Leaves yield a volatile oil, Oleum Cajuputi, U. 8. P. which is. stimulant, analgesic, stomachie, ete. 340. CAKILE, Gaertn. Sea Rocket. Cruciferae. The old Arabic name. Syn. Bunias, in part. Fleshy-stem- med herbs with 2-jointed siliques. About 3 species, sea and lake shores, Europe and N. America; 2 in U. §. 341. CAL AMUS, L. Rattan Palm. Sabalaceae. The Greek name of a Reed. Syn. Rotang. Slender-stem- med plants. About 80 species, tropical regions, Old World. a. ©. rudéntum Lour., (b) ©. vérus Lour., (c) ©. vimindalis Reinw. and some other species furnish the canes or ratians of commerce. From (d) C. Scipiénum Lour. are obtained the Malacca walking-canes. 342. CALANDRINIA, H. B. K. Calandrinia Portulacaceae. Annual or perennial herbs, some with showy flowers. About 120 species, mostly of Chili and Australia; 5 im U. 8. 343. CALCEOLARIA, Loefl. 1758. Calceolaria. Violacez. | From Latin, ‘‘slipper like’. Syn. Ionidium, Vent. 1803; Viola, in part. Herbs, mostly of tropical America; 2 in U. Bk a, C. Ipecacuanha ( Vent.) Lyons [I. Ipecacuanha Vent. oe perindee Brazil. White Ipecac, Poaya. Root emetic. — —_— lc i SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 75 b. C. verticillata (Ort.) Kze. (V. verticillata Ort., I. polygale- folium Vent. (Kew), I. lineare Torr.). Kansas to Colorade and Mexico. Nodding or Whorl-leaved Violet. Properties and uses of (a). : 344.. CALENDULA, L. - Marigold. - Compositae. From Latin, ‘‘monthly” blooming. Herbs with showy yellow flowers. About 25 species, Mediterranean region. a €. officinalis L. (Caltha officinalis Moench. ). Southern Europe and the Levant, cult. in gardens. Garden Marigold, Pot Mari- gold (Mally-gowl), Mary-bud, Gold-bloom, Golding, Gowlan, Holigold, Jackanapes-on-horseback, Rods-gold, Ruddes, Sun- flower*; Ger. Ringelblume, Todtenblume, Warzenkraut; Fr. Souci, Fleur de tous les mois. Jlorets, Calendula, U.S. P., Flores calendulae; Vulnerary, anti-emetic. The blossoming plant, Herba calendule, H. calthe sative, H. verrucaris; vulnerary, formerly believed to remove warts. 345. CALLA, jie - Calla, Water Arum. ; Araceae. An ancient plant name. .Acrid bog herb. One species. a. ©. pahistris L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Water Arum, Wild Calla, Faverole, Female-dragon, Water- dragon, Swamp-robin. 346. CALLIANDRA, Benth. 1840. Calliandra. Mimosaceae. From Greek, ‘‘beautiful stamen’’. Syn. Anneslia, Salisb. 1807, not Anneslea, Wall. 1829. Ornamental shrubs, a few herbs or trees. About 80 species, New World; 5 in U.S. [The antiperiodic Panbotano bark of Mexico is derived from C. Houstoni (King’s Disp. )]. 347. CALLICARPA, L. . — Callicarpa. Verbenaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘beautiful fruit’’. Shrubs. About 25 species, warmer regions, chiefly of Asia; 1 in U. S. a C. Americana L. Virginia to Florida and Texas. French Mulberry, Bermuda Mulberry, Sour-bush. 348. CALLIRRHOE, Nutt. 1821. Poppy Mallow. Malvaceae, Name from Greek mythology. Syn. Nuttallia, Barton, 1822; Malva, Sida, in part. Herbs with showy flowers. About 7 species, central and southern U. S. and northern Mexico. 349. CALLITRIS, Vent. Sandarac. - Pinaceae. Syn. Thuja, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 18 species, Africa to Australia. a. ©. quadrivalvis Vent. (T. articulata Vahl.). Northwestere - Africa. Alerce, Sandarac tree, Arar-tree. Resinous exudate, Sandarac. Gum Sandarac, Juniper resin, Gum Juniper; Sanda- raca; Ger. Sandarak; Fr. Sandaraque (Codex); Terebinthinate, styptic, also used for varnishes, ete. Wood ornamental, called ‘Citron-wood, Panther-wood, Tiger-wood, Arar-wood. 350. CALLUNA, Salish. Heather, ete. Ericaceae. Syn. Erica, in part. A low evergreen shrub. One species. 76 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. C. vulgdris (L.) Salisb. (E. vulgaris L.). Europe, nat. in New England. Heather, Dog-heather, He-heather, Dog-, Ling-, Red- or Small Heath, Scoteh Heather (U. 8.), Broom*, Besom, Busam, Bent, Bream, Grig, Black or Crow Ling, Moor. Plant reputed sudoritic, diuretic, ete. 351. CALOCHORTUS, Pursh. Mariposa Lily. _Liliaeeae. From Greek, ‘‘beautiful lily”. Herbs with coated corms and showy flowers; among the most beautiful of American wild flowers. About 40 species, southwestern U. S. and Mexice. a. C. albus Doug. California. Lily-bell. b. C. pulchéllus Doug. California. Golden Lily-bell. ec. C. venustus Benth. California. Mariposa Lily, Butterfly Lily, Wild or Butterfly Tulip, Pretty-grass, names not confined to this species. 352. CALOPHANES, Don, 1833. Calophanes. Acanthaceae. From Greek, of ‘‘beautiful appearance’. Syn. Dyschoriste, Nees, 1832. Perennial herbs or shrubs with blue or purple flowers. About 30 species, warmer regions; 5 in U. 8. 353. CALOPHYLLUM, L. Tacamahac. Clusiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘beautiful leaf’. Large trees with parallel veined leaves. About 60 species, tropical, mostly of Old World. a. C. Inophyllum L. East Indies and Oceanica. Tacamahac tree, Poon tree, Kamani (Polynesia). Resinous exudate, East Indian or Oriental Tacamahac, Resina Tacamahaca; Ger. Taka- mahak, Takmak; terebinthinate. Seeds yield a fixed oil, Bitter oil, Domba oil, Poon-seed oil, Weandee, used in rheumatism. b. C. Tacamahdea Willd. Madagascar to East Indies, Also yields Tacamahac. 354. CALOTROPIS, R. Br. Mudar. Asclepiadaceae, Syn. Asclepias in part. Shrubs or trees. Three species, Asia and Africa. a. C. gigantea (L.) Dryand. (A. gigantea L.). India. Bow- string Hemp*. Called in northern India Mudar, Madar or Ak, in southern India Yercum. Bark of root, Mudar bark, Radix mudaris, Rad. calotropis; alterative, diaphoretic, emetic. b. C. précera (Ait.) Dryand. (A. procera Ait., C. Hamiltoni Wight). India, westward to Africa. French Jasmine. Yields also Mudar bark. 355. CALTHA, L. Marsh Marigold. Ranunculaceae. The Latin name of Marigold. Marsh plants with buttercup -like flowers. About 10 species, high latitudes of both hemi- spheres; 5 in U. S. : a. (. palistris L. Ontario to 8S. Carolina, west to Iowa. Marsh Marigold, Meadow Buttercup*, Cowslip (U. S.), Bull-flower, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. Td Great Butter-flower, Capers, Coltsfoot*, Cow-lily, Cowslop, Spring Cowslip, Crowfoott, Crazy-Bet, Drunkards, Gools, Meadow Gowan, Open or Water Gowan, Meadow-bouts, May- blob, Mire-blob, Horse-blod, Water-blob, King-cups*, Palsy- wort, Soldier’s-buttons, Swamp-robin, Water-dragon, Water- goggles. Plant used as a pot herb. — 306. CALYCADENTA, DC. Calycadenia. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘cup gland’. Syn. Hemizonia, in part. Annual herbs with linear leaves. About 17 species, south- eastern U.S. 357. CALYCOCARPUM, Nutt. Cup-seed. Menispermaceae. From Greek, ‘‘cup fruit’. Syn. Menispermum, in part. Herbaceous climber. One species, southwestern U. S. 358. CALYCOSERIS, Gray. Calycoseris. Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘cup Succory’’. Winter-annuals with showy flowers. Two species, southwestern U.S. and Mexico. 359. CALYPSO, Salish. - Calypso. - Orchidaceae. Dedicated to Calypso, of Greek mythology. Syn. Cypripe- dium, inpart. Bogorchid. One species, (U. 8S.) a. C. bulbdésa (L.) Oakes (Cyp. bulbosum L., Cal. borealis Salisb. ). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Calypso. 360. CALYPTRIDIUM, Nutt. Calyptridium. Portulacaceae. From Greek, ‘‘veil’ or ‘‘quiver’. Succulent annuals. Four species, southwestern U. S. 361. CAMELINA, Crantz. False Flax. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘low flax’’. Syn. Myagrum, in part. Annual herbs. About 5 species, Europe and Asia; 2 nat. in U. S. a. C. sativa (L.) Crantz (M. sativum L.). Europe, nat. in U.S. Gold-of-pleasure, Wild or False Flax, Dutch Flax, Camline, Cheat, Madwort, Myagrum; Ger. Leindotter. Seeds, Dodder- seed, Siberian Oil-seed, yield German Sesame oil. 362. CAMPANULA, L. Bell-flower. Campanulaceae. From Latin, ‘‘little bell’. Herbs, some ornamental. About 250 species, northern hemisphere; 18 in U. 8S. a. (. Raptneulus L. Europe. Rampion. Tuberous roots es- culent. b. C. rotundifélia L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Illinois, Arizona and California. Harebell (England, also Hair-bell, Air-bell), Bluebell (Scotland), Round-leaved Bellwort? (a misnomer), Blaewort, Blaver, Blue-blauers, Blue. bottle*, Gowk’ s-thumbs, Heath-bell, Witches’ -bell, Lady’s- or Witches’- thimble; Ger. Glockenblume, Fr. Campanule. Noteworthy European species are (c). (€. glomerata L., Dane’s-blood, Canterbury-bells*; (d) C. latifolia L., Great Bell-flower, Coventry-bells, White Foxglovet;(e) C. médium L., Canterbury-bells, Marian, Mercury’s-violet; (f) (C. Trachélium L., Throatwort, Haskwort, Blue Foxglovet, Canterbury- or Coventry-bells. 78 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 363. CAMPTOSORUS, Link. Walking-fern. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, “bent sori’. Small ferns. Two species, one of Asia, one in N. America (U. S.). 364. CANANGA, Rumph. not Aubl. Ylang-ylang. Anonaceae. From vernacular name. Syn. Unona, Uvaria, in part. Trees or shrubs. ‘Three species, East Indies. a. ©. odorata (Lam. ) Hook. f. (Uvaria odorata Lam., Unona odo- rata Dunal). East Indies. Ylang-ylang. Flowers source of oil of ylang-ylang or cananga. 365. CANARIUM, L - Elemi. - Burseraceae. Balsamic trees. About 90 species, tropical Asia and Africa. a. C. commune L. East Indies. Probably from this species is derived the resinous exudate, Elemi (Br. 1885), Manila Elemi, Resina (Gummi) Elemi; Fr. Blémi (Codex): Sp. Goma de limon. Terebinthinate, vulnerary. Fruit, Java Almond, cathartic. b. €. strictum Roxb. Southern India. Source of Black Dammar resin. 366. CANAVALI, Adans. (Canavalia, DC.). Papilionaceae. Shrubby climbers. About 18 species, tropical regions; 2 in 367. CANBYA, Parry. - Canbya. _- Papaveraceae. Named for the American botanist Canby. Herbs. Two known species, California. 368. CANELLA, P. Br. 1756. Canella. Canellaceae. From French, Canelle, ‘‘cinnamon’’. Syn. Winterania L. 1759. Aromaticshrubs. | Two known species, tropical America. a. C. Winterana (L.) Gaertn. (W. Canella L., C. alba Murray). Florida and West Indies. Canella, White or Wild Cinnamon, Bahama White-wood. Bark, False Winter’s bark, Cortex canellze, Cort. winteranus spurius, Costus dulcis; Ger. Weisser Kaneel, Weisser Zimmt; Fr. Canelle blanche. (Codex). Sp. Canella blanca. Stimulant tonic, used as a condiment. 369. CANNA, L. Indian-shot, ete. , Cannacee (Marantacez ). From Latin, ‘‘reed’’ or ‘‘cane’’. Robust ornamental herbs from fleshy rhizomes. About 80 species, tropical regions es- pecially of New World. a. €. édulis Ker. Peru and Brazil, cult. in West Indies. Achi- ras. Fecula from rhizomes, Canna starch or arrowroot, Amy- lum canne, U. S. P. 1870, Toulema (tous-les-mois); Ger. Cannastirke; Fr. Fecule de tolemane. A similar starch is ob- tained from other species, as (b) C. coccinea Mill. (C. rubra Willd. ). e. C. Indica L. Widely distributed in the tropics. -Indian-shot, China-shot, Common Canna or Tous-les-mois. Many other species are now cultivated as ornamental plants. a SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. it, 370. CANNABIS, L. - ~- Hemp. : Moraceae. The classicalname. Robust herb. One species, central Asia. a. C. sativa L. (including C. Indica Lam.). Asia, now widely cult. and nat. Hemp, Common Hemp, Hemp-weed, Gallow- grass, Neck-weed, Nick-weed, St. Andrews-lace, Tristram’s- knot, Red-root*, Welsh Parsley. (Staminate plants popularly called Female Hemp (Femble, Fimble), Barren Hemp; pistil- late plants, Male, Carl or Churl Hemp, thus reversing the sex- es); Ger. Hanf; Fr. Chanvre (Codex), Chénevis. An important fibre plant. Seeds yield oil. Flowering tops of the American- grown plant were formerly (U. 8. P. 1880) official as Cannabis Americana, American Cannabis, American Hemp. Flowering | tops of the pistillate plant grown in the East Indies; Cannabis Indica U. S. P., Br., Herba cannabis indice, Indian Cannabis, Indian Hemp, Gunjah, Ganjah, Guaza; a form used as an in- toxicant in the East is Bhang, Siddhi, Hashish or Halish (Fr. Haschisch, Codex); an impure resin is Charas or Churrus (Charrus, Cherrus). Antispasmodic, narcotic. Seeds; Semen v. Fructus cannabis; Ger. Hanfsamen, Hanfkérner; demulcent. 371. CANOTIA, Torr. - Canotia. - Simarubacex. Leafless spiny shrub, formerly referred to Rosaceae, Rutacez, ete. One species, Mexico and southwestern U. S. 372. CAPNOIDES, Adans. 1763. Corydalis. Papavyeraceae. From Greek, ‘‘smoke-like’’. Syn. Neckeria, Scop. 1777; Corydalis, Vent. 1803. Delicate erect or climbing herbs. About J10 species, north temperate zone and 8. Africa; 7 in U.6. a. (. fab&ceum (Pers. ) Lyons (Cor. fabacea Pers., Cor. solida Sw. Cor. digitata Pers.). Europe. Solid Birthwort. Tubers, Tubera corydalis solide, Rad. aristolochi: solide; Ger. Feste (Volle) Osterleiwurzel; formerly reputed emmenagogue and eutocic. b. C. fidvulum (Raf.) Kaze. Ontario to Minnesota, south to Louisiana. Pale Corydalis. Colic-weed*. RSS ee e. C. tuberésum (DC.) Lyons (Cor. tuberosa DC., Cor. bulbosa Pers., Cor. cava Schweig., Cor. solida Moench.). Europe. Bulbous Fumitory, Round Birthwort, Holewort. Tubers, Tubera corydalis cave, Rad. aristolochie cave v. fabacez; Ger. Hohlwurzel, Donnerwurzel; Fr. Fumeterre bulbeuse; reputed emmenagogue, anthelmintic. 373 CAPNOREA, Raf. Capnorea. Hydrophyllaceae. Syn. Hesperochiron, Wats. Scapose herbs. Three known species, southwestern U. S. 374. CAPPARIS, L. - Caper. - Capparidaceae. The ancient Greek name. Shrubs with showy flowers. About 150 species, warm and tropical regions. a. @. aphyila Roth. (C. Sodada, R. Br.). Africa. Fruit used like pepper. 80 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. C. eynophalléphora L. and (c) C. ferruginea L. (Mustard-- shrub) of the West Indies have root-barés that are vesicating’ and diuretic; plants anthelmintic. c. C. spinosa L. Mediterranean region to central Asia. Caper bush, Hyssop of Scripture; Ger. Kapper; Fr. Caprier; Sp. Alcaparro. Buds, called capers, pungent, antiscorbutic. 375. CAPRARIA, L. Capraria. Scrophulariaceae. From Latin, ‘‘goat-weed”. Herbs or undershrubs, warmer regions of Africa and America; 1 in U. 8. 376. CAPRIOLA, Adans. 1763. Bermuda Grass. Gramineae. From Latin, (food for the) ‘‘wild goat”. Syn. Cynodon, Rich. 1805. Matted grasses, 4 species; 1 nat. in U. S. a. C. Dactylon (L.) Kze. (Panicum Dactylon L., Cynodon Dacty-: lon Pers.). Naturalized in U. S. from Europe and widely dis- tributed. Bermuda Grass, Scutch or Scotch Grass, Dog’s-tooth. Grass, Indian Couch-grass, Bahama Grass. Stolons, Radix graminis dactyli, used in Europe like Couch-grass. 377. CAPSICUM, L. Red Pepper, Pod Pepper. Solanaceae. From Latin, ‘‘box’’, alluding to the fruit. Herbs with pun- gent fruit. About 25 species, warmer regions of both hemi-- spheres. a. C. dnnuum L. S. America, now universally eult. in many varieties, some of which have been described as species, as C. longum Fing. (C. gréssum Willd. and C. cordiférme Mill. Garden Pepper, Pod Pepper, Red Pepper, Spanish Pepper, Goat’s Pepper, Chili Pepper, Chillies, Guinea Pepper*, Bird Pepper*;.Ger. Spanischer Pfeffer, Tiirkischer Pfeffer, Guinea. Pfeffer, Taschenpfefter, Schotenpfeffer; Fr. Piment des jardins, Poivre de Guinée (Codex ), Piment rouge, Capsique; Sp. Chile, Pimiento. Fruit of this and other species, Red Pepper, Cayenne Pepper, Paprica; Fructus capsici, Piper hispanicum. The German Pharmacopeeia recognizes C. annuum and C, lon-. gum. Properties of (b). b. ©, fastigidtum Bl. (C. minimum, Roxb. not Mill.) §. America, now widely cult. Cayenne Pepper. Fruit known in eommerce: as African Pepper, Bird Pepper, in Great Britain as Guinea Pepper and Chillies; Capsicum, U. 8S. P., Capsici fructus Br. Piper cajannense; Ger. Cajennepfeffer; Fr. Piment de Cayenne (Codex). [The only species admitted by the U. S. and British Pharmacopoeias.] Stimulant, stomachic, revulsive, rubefacient. ce. C. frutéscens L. (C. crassum Willd.) §. America. The fruit of this species, smaller than that of (b), is also called Cayenne: pepper and is equally active. 378. CARAPA, Aubl. Crab-tree, ete. Meliaceae.. Vernacular name, Guiana. Syn. Xylocarpus, in part. Trees. About 5 species, tropical America and Africa. a. C. Guianénsis Aubl. (X.CarapaSpreng.). Guiana. Andiroba. or Carapa tree, Crabwood tree. Bark febrifuge. Seeds yield Carapa oil, Carap or Crab oil, Andiroba oil. . / SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 81 b. C. précera DC. (C. Touloucouna Guil. & Per.). Senegal. Kundah tree (Touloucouna, Tallicouna). Seeds, Mote nuts, yield Kundah (Tallicouna, Tulucuna, Callicoonah, Coundi, Kounda) oil, which is bitter, cathartic and anthelmintic. 379. CARDAMINE, L. Bitter Cress. Cruciferae. Greek name of a Cress, ‘‘heart-strengthening”. Herbs. About 100 species, temperate regions; 29 in U. S. i) . ©, amara L. Europe and northern Asia. Bitter Cress. = . C. hirsita L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Hairy Bitter- cress, Small Bitter-cress, Lamb’s Cress, Land Cress. © C. praténsis L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America (U.S. ). Cuckoo-flower (Flos cuculi), Cuckoo-spit, Meadow or Small Bitter-cress, Bonny-bird-een, Headache*, May-flower, Lady’s Smock (Shakespere), Smick-smock, Milkmaids, Spink; Ger. Wiesenkresse, Cukukskraut; Fr. Cresson des prés. Herb, Herba nasturtii pratensis. Like the preceding, anti-scorbutic, deobstruent. Q . C. purpurea (Torr. ) Brit. (Arabis rhomboidea var. purpurea Torr. ), C. Douglassii (Torr.) Brit.). Canada, south to Maryland and Wisconsin. Purple Cress, Spring Cress, Moun- tain Water-cress. ® C. rotundifolia Michx. New Jersey to Ohio and south to N. _ Carolina. American Water-cress, Round-leaved Water-cress, Mountain Water-cress. ~ 380. CARDIOSPERMUM, L. Heart-seed. Sapindaceae. From Greek, ‘‘heart seed”. Herbaceous vines. About 20 species, warm and temperate regions; 3 in U. S. a. C. Halicdcabum L. South America and cult. in gardens. Balloon-vine, Heart-seed?, Heart Pea, Indian-heart, Winter- cherry*, Puff-ballt. Root reputed laxative and diuretic. 381. CARDUUS, L. Thistle, Tassel-bur. Compositae. The ancient Latin name, whence our word ‘‘card’’ (for wool etc.). Syn. Cnicus, Cirsium, Serratula, in part. Robust prey. herbs. About 250 species, northern hemisphere; 56 in a. C. arvénsis (L.) Robs. (S. arvensis L., Cn. arvensis Hoffm. (Kew), Cir. arvensis Scop. ). Europe, nat. in U. S. and else- where. Canada Thistle, Boar-, Corn-, Creeping-, Cursed-, Dog-, Hard-, Prickly- (Pricky-), Sharp- or Way Thistle, Dashel, Dodger. A pernicious weed. b. C. lanceolatum L. (Cn. lanceolatus Willd. (Kew), Cir. lan- ceolatum Scop. ). Europe, nat. in U. S. Common Thistle, Bull Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Bur Thistle (Scotland); Bank- Bell-, Bird-, Blue-, Boar-, Buck-, Button-, Horse-, Plume-, Roadside- or Spear Thistle. The emblem of Scotland. e. C. nitans L. Asia and Europe, adv. in U.S. Musk Thistle, Plumeless Thistle, Queen Ann’s Thistle, Bank or Buck This- tle, wrongly called Scotch Thistle. 82 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 382. CAREX, L. : Sedge. : Cyperaceae. Classical name of uncertain origin. Grass-like Sedges. More than 1000 species; about 350 in U. 8. a. ©. arendria L. Europe, adv. in U.S. Sand Sedge, Sand-star, Sea Sedge, Red Couch-grass, Sea-bent, Sea Bent-grass, Stare, German Sarsaparilla; Ger. Sandriedgras, Sandsegge, Rothe Quecke; Fr. Laiche. Rhizome; Rhizoma caricis, Rad. sarsapa- rille germanice. Properties of Sarsaparilla. 383. CARICA, L. Papaw. Caricaceae (Papayaceze). Latin name of ‘‘fig’’. Syn. Papaya, Tourn. Shrubby or arborescent plants, generally with simple stem. About 20 spe- cies, tropical America; 1 in U. S. a. (. Papaya L. (P. Carica Gaertn., P. vulgaris DC.). Tropical America, cult. in all tropical countries. Papaw (Pawpaw), Papaya, Melon tree, Custard Applet, Mameziro; Ger. Melonen- baum, Papaybaum. Milky juice of unripe fruit, Succus papaye, has properties like those of pepsin. . 384. CARLINA, L. Carline Thistle. Compositae. Named for Charlemagne, whose army found in the plant a remedy for the plague. Thistle-like plants, natives of Europe. a. C. acatlis L. (A variety of this is C. caulescens Lam. ). Europe. Carline Thistle, Ground Thistle; Ger. Sonnendistel, Eberwurz, Rosswurzel; Fr. Chardon doré, Carline. Root, Rad. carline v. cardopatize, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue. Fleshy re- ceptacle of this and of (b) €. acanthifdlia All., esculent. $85. CARLOWRIGHTIA, Gray. Carlowrightia. Acanthaceae. Named for Charles Wright, American botanist. Under- shrubs. Three known species, southwestern U. 8S. 386. CARMINATIA, Moc. Carminatia. Compositae. Named for Prof. B. Carminati of Pavia. Herb with rather small heads of whitish flowers, Mexico and southwestern U. S. 387. CARPENTERTA, Torr. Carpenteria. Saxifragaceae. Undershrub with large white flowers. A single species, California. 888. CARPHEPHORUS, Cass. Carphephorus. Compositae. From Greek, “chaff bearing’. Syn. Liatris, in_ part. Perennial herbs, some suffrutescent. About 8 species, North America; 4in U. S$. 289. CARPHOCHAETA, Gray. Carphocheta. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘chaff bristle’. Perennial herbs, some suffru- tescent. Three known species, Mexico and its borders; 1 in 390. CARPINUS, L. Hornbeam. Betulaceae. Theancient Latinname. Treesorshrubs. About 12 species, northern hemisphere; 1 in U. §. F ‘< x ty — r. ane P we 2 a SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 83 a. C. Caroliniana Walt. (C. Americana Michx.). Eastern U. S. American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Water Beech, Iron-wood, Hurst- or Horst- beech, Horse Beech. 391. CARTHAMUS, L. Safflower. Compositae. The Latin name, from Arabic, ‘“‘pigment”. Herbs. Two or more species, Old World. a. C. tinetérius L. India, cuit. extensively in Europe, Asia and Africa. Safflower, Dyer’s Saffron, African Saffron, American or Thistle Saffron, False or Bastard Saffron, Parrot’s Corn; Ger. Farbersaflor, Falscher Safran, Deutscher Safran; Fr. Carthame; Sp. Cartamo, Azafrancillo, Alazor. Florets; Flores carthami, Carthamus; diaphoretic, resembling camomile. [The South African Carmendik, used as a stomachic bitter, is from a related plant. ] 392. CARUM, L. Caraway, ete. Umbelliferae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Bulbocastanum, Bunium, in part. Herbs. About 50 species,temperate and warm regions; 1 in U. S. Seealso Apium, Ateenia, Conopodium, Ptychotis. a. C. Bulbocastanum Koch, (B. Linnei Schur.). Mediterranean region. Tubers and leaves esculent. J ruit a condiment. b. C. Carui L. (also written C. Carvi).. Northern Asia and Europe, adv. in U.S. Caraway, Carvies, Saxifraget. Fruit; Carum, U. S. P., Carui Fructus, Br., Semen carvi; Ger. Kiimmelsamen, Kiimmel, Garbe; Fr. Carui (Codex), Cumin des prés; Sp. Alcaravea; aromatic, carminative, used chiefly as a flavor and condiment. ec. C. ferulefolium Bois. (Bunium ferulefolium Desf.). Cyprus and Candia. Topana. T'vbers edible. 393. CARYOCAR, - Guiana Butternut. - Rhizobolaceae. From Greek, ‘‘head nut’’, from size of fruit. Syn. Pekea, in part. Trees producing edible nuts. About 10 species, S. America. a. C. butyrésum Willd. (Pekea butyrosa Aubl.), Pekea tree and (b) C. nuciferum L., Souari (Suwarrow) tree, both of Guiana, yield oily nuts called South American or Guiana Butternuts. 394. CARYOTA, L. Toddy Palm, ete. Sabalaceae. From Greek, ‘‘nut’’ palm. Tallpalms. About 12 species, East Indies and southeast Asia. a. C. wrens L. Ceylonand India. Ceylon Toddy Palm, Jaggery- Palm, Bastard Sago-Palm. Sap yields palm wine (toddy) and palm sugar (jaggery). Stem yields sago; See Borassus. 395. CASIMIROA, LaLlave. — Zapote. Aurantiaceae. Trees. Two known species, tropical N. America. a. C. édulis Llav. & Lex. Mexico. Zapote. Fruit edible but soporific. Seeds poisonous. . 84 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 396, CASSIA, L. - Cassia. a Ceesalpinacez. Ancient Greek plant name, from Hebrew. Syn. Senna, in part. Herbs, shrubs and even trees. About 275 species, warm and temperate regions, especially tropical America; about oe in U. 8. See Cathartocarpus. a. C. Absus L. India to Egypt. Absus Seed. The seeds of this and of (b) C. auriculata L. of India are used like those of Abrus in ophthalmia. ce. C. acutifolia Delile (C. lanceolata Nectoux, C. Senna var.b. L., C. orientalis Pers., C. lenitiva Bisch., Senna acutifolia Link. ). Egypt to Kordofan. Alexandria Senna, Tripoli Senna; Ger. Alexandrinische Senna, Palt-Senna; Fr. Séné de la Palte, dv’ Egypte, d’ Alexandrie (Codex). Leaves of this and of (d); Senna U.S. P., Senna Alexandrina, Br., Folia senne; Ger. Sennesblitter; Fr. Feuilles de séné; cathartic. d. C. angustifolia Vahl. (C. elongata Lemaire, C. lanceolata W. Arn., C. acutifolia Nees., C. medica, Forsk., C. medicinalis Bisch, Senna officinalis Roxb., S. angustifolia Batka). India westward to Somali coast. Tinnivelly Senna, India Senna. Leaves, Senna Indica, Br. The East India or Bombay senna is less carefully prepared, and still inferior is the Arabian or Mecca senna, also sold as Bombay senna, all derived from this ; species; Ger. Indische Senna; Fr. Séné de Tinnevelly (Codex). e. C. Marylandica L. (Senna Marylandica Link.). New England to Nebraska and south to the Gulf. Wild Senna, American Senna, Locust-plant. Leaves have been used instead of true senna, but are inferior. f. C. nietitans L. Maine to Indiana and south to Texas. Wild Sensitive-plant, Sensitive Pea. [The larger (¢g) C. Chame- crista L. of the same region is called Partridge Pea, Dwarf Cassia, Prairie Senna or Larger Sensitive-pea. h. C. obovdta Colladon(C. Senna Forskal, C. obtusa Roxb. C. obtusata Hayne, Senna obovata Link.). Arabia and north- ern and eastern Africa. Soudan Senna, Syrian or Aleppo Senna. The leaves are sometimes mixed with those of Alexandria senna. i. C. occidentalis L. Widely diffused in tropical countries. Coffee Senna, Stinking Cassia, Styptic weed. Roasted seeds are Negro Coffee, Mogdad Coffee, Magotty-boy Bean; Ger. Mogdad- Kaflee; Fr. Café chilen; a substitute for coffee. j. C. Tora L. (C. obtusifolia L.). Southern U. S. and widely diffused in tropical countries. Low Senna, Sickle Senna. 897. CASSIOPE, D. Don. Moss-plant, Moss-bush. Ericaces, Name from Greek mythology, like that of the related Andromeda. Syn. Andromeda, in part. Evergreen heath-like or moss-like shrubs. About 10 species, high north latitudes; 5 in n U. S. and British America. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 85 398. CASSYTHA, L. - Cassytha. : Lauraceae. Slender, apparently leafless vines. About 15 species, mostly Australian; 1 in U. S. 399. CASTALIA, Salisb. Pond Lily, ete. Nymphzacez. Named from the famed spring on Parnassus. Syn. Nym- phea, in part. Aquatic plants with Magnolia-like flowers. About 25 species; 7 in U. S. a. C. alba (L.) Lyons (Nymphaea alba L. C. speciosa Salisb. ). Europe. European White Water-lily or Pond-lily, Water-blob], Water-can; Fr. Nénuphar blanc (Codex). Root alterative, astringent. b. C. odorata (Dryand.) Woody. & Wood. (Nymphaea odorata Dryand., C. pudica Salisb.). Noya Scotia to Manitoba and south to the Gulf. Sweet-scented White Water-lily, White Pond-lily, Water-nymph., Water Cabbage, Toad Lily. [The same names except the first are given to the very similar but larger and scentless (c) (. tuberésa (Paine) Greene, northern U. 8. to Nebraska.] Root astringent, demulcent. 400. CA STANEA, Adans. - Chestnut. - Fagaceer. Latin name, from a city in Thessaly. Trees or shrubs with edible nuts enclosed in a prickly bur. Four or five species, northern hemisphere; 3 in U. S. a. C. dentata (Marsh) Borkh. (C. vesea var. Americana Michx., C. Americana, Raf.). Ontario to Michigan and Tennessee. American Chestnut, Chestnut, Prickly-bur, Sardinian-nut; Ger. Kastanienbaum; Fr. Chataignier, Marronier; Sp. Cas- tafio. Leaves sedative,. used in whooping cough. Bark as- tringent, tonic, febrifuge. Fruit esculent. b. C. pumila (L.) Mill. (Fagus pumila L.). New Jersey to In- diana and southwards. Chinkapin (Chincapin, lage ta an Dwarf Chestnut. ce. C. Castanea (L.) Lyons (Fagus Castanea L., C. sativa Mill. (Kew), C. vesca Gaertn., C. vulgaris Lam. ). ’ Asia and Europe. European Chestnut, Spanish Chesinut, Chastey, Bur, French- nut, Meat-nut, Stover-nut. Properties of (a). 401. CASTANOPSIS, Spach. Oak Chestnut. —_ Fagaceae. From Greek, “chestnut-like”’. Trees producing edible nuts. About 20 species, mostly of tropical Asia, 1 in U. S. a. C. chrysophylla A. DC. California. Californian Oak-chestnut, California Chinkapin. 402. CASTELA, Turp. - Castela. - Simarubaces. Shrubs. About 10 species, tropical America; 1 in U. S. 408. CASTILLEJA, Mutis. Painted-cup. Scrophulariaces. Named for Castill.j jo, Spanish botanist. Syn. Bartsia, in part. Herbs, flower-spikes often with colored bracts. About 40 species, mostly of New World; 30 in U.S. 86 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. C. coccinea. (L.) Spreng. (B. coccinea L.). Ontario to Texas. Scarlet Painted-cup, Indian Paint-brush, Bloody-warrior, Red- Indians, Election-posies, Prairie-fire, Wickakee. ( These names given also to other species having red bracts. ) 404. CASTILLOA, Cervant. Castilloa. Artocarpaceae. From Spanish, ‘‘Castilian’’. Trees. About 3 species, tropical America. a. C. elastica Cervantes and (b) C. Markhamiana Collins, both of Mexico, yield india rubber. See Hevea. 405. CASUARINA, L. Australian Oak, Beefwood. Casuarinaceer. From Latin, ‘‘cassowary tree”, alluding to the plumy foli- age. Leafless trees, looking like arboreous Equisetums. About 30 species, Australia to East Indies. In Australia called ‘“‘oaks”, several of the species ‘‘she-oaks’’, one ‘‘he-oak’’. a. C. equisetifolia L. (C. Indica Pers.). Southern Asia to Aus- tralia and Polynesia. Jron-wood (South Sea Islands), Swamp Oak (Australia), Toa (Fiji Islands, where formerly the wood was used for cannibal forks). Bark of this and other species astiingent. Wood hard and durable. 406. CATALPA, Scop. - Catalpa. - Bignoniaceae. Vernacular Indian name. Syn. Bignonia, in part. ‘Trees or shrubs with showy flowers. About 10 species, 2 in Asia, the rest American; 2 in U. 8. a. C. Catalpa (L.) Karst. (C. bignonioides Walt. (Kew), B. Catalpa L., C. syringzfolia Sims. ). Southeastern U. 8. Catal- pa tree, Indian Bean, Beantree, Smoking-bean, Cigar tree, Indian-cigar, Candle tree, Catawba tree*. Fruit antispasmodic, cardiac; sedative. Bark anthelmintic, alterative. b. C. specidsa Warder (C. cordifolia Duham). Illinois to Arkan- sas. Hardy or Western Catalpa, Catawba tree, Larger Indian- bean, Cigar tree, Shawnee-wood. Properties of (a). 407. CATESBAEA, L. Lily-thorn. Rubiaceae. Named for Mark Catesby, English naturalist, d. 1749. Shrubs. About 10 species, mostly of West Indies; 1 in U. S. 408. CATHA, Forsk. (not G. Don). Khat.° Celastraceae. From the Arabic name. Syn. Celastrus, in part. A small shrub. One species. a. ©. édulis Forsk. (Celastrus edulis Vahl.). Arabia and eastern Africa. Leaves Khat, Kat, Cat, Cafta, Arabian or Abyssinian . Tea, used like Chinese tea. 409. CATHARTOCARPUS, Pers. 1805. Caesalpinaceae. From Greek, ‘‘purging fruit’. Syn. Bactyrilobium, Fistula, Cassia, in part. ‘Trees with huge legumes, the seeds embedded in pulp. Tropical regions. a. C. grandis (LL. fils) Pers. (Cassia grandis L. fils (Kew), Cassia Brasiliana Lam., Cassia mollis Vahl.). South America. Horse Cassia. Properties of (b). | EE ———— so SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 87 b. C. Fistula (L.) Pers. (Cassia Fistula L., Bactyrilobium Fis- tula Willd. ). Southern Asia, now cult. widely in tropical re- gions. Golden-shower tree, Purging Cassia tree, Puddingstick tree, Pudding-pipe tree, Drunstick tree, Tree highly orna- mental. J ruit; G ssia Fistula, U. 8. P.,( Cassie Pulpa Br. ), Purging Cassia, Fructus cassiz fistule; Ger. Rohrkassie, Réh- renkassie, Purgirkassie; I’r. Casse officinale (Codex) Casse en batons; Sp. Cafia fistula; Laxative, mildly cathartic. ce. C. moschatus G. Don (Cassia moschata Kunth.). Panama. Fruit resembles that of (b.) but is lighter colored and some- what astringent. 410. CATOPSIS, Griseb. Catopsis. Bromeliaceae. Herbs. About 3 species, tropical America; 1 in U. 8. 411. CAUCALIS, L. Hedge Parsley. Umbelliferae. The Greek name. Syn. Tordylium, Torilis, in part. An- nual herbs. About 20 species, northern hemisphere. a. ©. Anthriseus (L.) Huds. (Tord. Anthriscus L., Torilis An- thriscus Bernh.). Europe, adv. in U.S. Erect Hedge-parsley, Rough Chervil, Hemlock Chervil, Scabby-head, Rough Cicely, Hogweed, Lady’s-needlework. 412, CAULANTHUS, S. Wats. _Caulanthus. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘stem flower’. Herbs. Seven known species, all of California and vicinity. 418. CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. Blue Cohosh. Berberidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘stem leaf’’. Syn. Leontice, in part. . C. Epithymum Murr. (C. Trifolii Bab.). Europe, ady. in U.S. Thyme Dodder, Clover Dodder, Lesser or Lucerne Dodder. (The Dodders generally are named from their host- plants, as Smartweed Dodder, Hazel Dodder, etc. 621. CUSPARIA, Humb. 1814. Angostura. Kutaceae. | Syn. Bonplandia, Willd. 1802 not Cay. 1800, Angostura, R. & S. 1819; Galipea, in part. Shrubs orsmall trees. About 30 species, tropical America. ‘ SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 127 a. C. Angosttira (Rich. ) Lyons (B. Angostura Rich, G. Cusparia St. Hil., G. febrifuga Bail. G. officinalis Hancock,C. febrifuga Humb. (Kew), B. trifoliata Willd.). Northern 8. America. Bark Cuspariae cortex, Br. Angustura, Cortex angusturae; Angostura or Angustura bark, Carony bark; Ger. Angustura- rinde; Fr. Angusture vraie (Codex); bitter, tonic, stomachic. 622. CYATHEA, Sm. Tree-fern. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘cup’’, alluding to the indusium. Syn. Poly- podium}, in part. Arborescent ferns. About 25 species, natives of tropical regions. a. C. medullaris (Forst.) Swz. (P. medullare Forst.). New Zealand. Medullary substance of caudex edible. 623. CYCAS, L. Fern Palm, Sago Palm*. Cycadaceae. Greek nameofa Palm. Palm-like plants. About 20 species, tropical Australia, Asia and Polynesia. a. (. circinalis L. Malabar. Malabar Sago Palm or Fern Palm, Madu-nut. Trunk yields sago, as in the true Sago Palms. (b) C. revoluta Thunb. of Japan and other species also yield Sago. Both species are cult. as house plants. 624. CYCLADENTA, Benth. Cycladenia. Apocynaceae. From Greek, ‘‘ring gland”. Low perennial herbs. One or two species, California.; 625. CYCLAMEN, L. Cyclamen, Sow-bread. Primulaceae. The ancient Greek name. Stemless perennials from tuberous rhizomes. About 12 species, Mediterranean region to central Asia. a. C. Europaéum L. Southern Europe. Sow-bread, Swine-bread, Ground-bread, Bleeding-nun; Ger. Erdscheibe, Erdbrod, Schweinbrod; Fr. Pain de porceau, Arthanite; Sp. Pan de puerco. Tuber drastic cathartic, emetic. 626. CYCLOLOMA, Mog. | Tumble weed. Chenopodiaceae. From Greek, “circle border’, alluding to calyx. A pigweed- like herb (Winged Pigweed?). One species, U. S. 6627. CYCLOPIA, Vent. Bush Tea. Papilionaceae. Named for the Cyclops of mythology. Shrubs. About 10 species, South Africa. a. C. galeoides DC., (b) C. latifolia DC., (c) €. sessilifléra Eckl. & Zeyh., (d) C. subternata Vog. (C. intermedia E Meyen, C. Vogelii Harv. ) and other species, yield the Bush tea of S. Africa, African Tea; Ger. Honigthee, Birsthee, Capthee, Buschthee, used as a beverage; expectorant, diaphoretic. 628. CYDONIA, Mill. 1752. Quince. ~~ Pomaceae. Latin name, from Cydonia, a town in Crete. Syn. Pyrus, Sorbus, in part. Shrubs or small trees. Europe and Asia. a. C. Cydonia (L) Lyons (P. Cydonia L. (Kew), C. vulgaris _ Pers., C. Europaea Savi. S. Cydonia Cranz). Asia and Europe, widely cult. Quince tree. Probably the golden ap- a 128 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS ples of the Hesperides; Ger. Quittenbaum; Fr. Cognassier,. Fruit; Fructus (Poma) cydoniae; Ger. Quitten; Fr. Coing (Co- dex); Sp. Membrillo, Portuguese Marmelo, whence our word’ marmalade; esculent, astringent. Seeds; Cydonium, Semen cy-. doniae, Quince seed; Ger. Quittensamen, Quittenkérner; Fr. Semences ( Pépins) de coing; mucilaginous, demulcent. [The- ornamental Japanese Quince is (b) C. Japdnica (Thunb. ) Pers. | 629. CYMB ALARIA, Medic. Kenilworth Ivy. Serophulariaceae.. From Greek, ‘‘cymbal’’. Syn. Antirrhinum, Linaria, in part. Creeping or spreading herbs. About 10 species, Old World. a. C. Cymbalaria (L.) Wettst. (H. Cymbalaria L., L. Cymba-. laria Mill.). Europe, adv. in U. 8. Kenilworth Ivy, Coli- seum Ivy, Ivy-leaved Toad-flax, Wandering Jew, Ivy-weed, Aaron’s-beard, Mother-of-thousands, Oxford-weed, Pedlar’s-: _ basket, Pennywort, Climbing or Roving Sailor, Rabbits. 630. CYNANCHUM, L. 1753. Swallowwort*. Asclepiadaceae. From Greek, “dog-strangling”. Syn. Vincetoxicum, Moench 1794 (not Wall. 1788), Asclepias, in part. Mostly perennial vines. About 100 species, Old and New Worlds; 3 in U. §. a. C. acitum L. (C. Monspeliacum L.). Europe and Asia. / French or Montpelier Scammony, from the milk sap of this plant, has been used in place of true scammony. -b. C. Vineetéxicum (L.) Pers. (V. officinale Moench (Kew), A Vincetoxicum L.). Europe. Swallowwort, White Swallow- wort, German Contrayerva, Tame-poison; Ger. Schwalbenwurz, Giftwende, Giftwurz, “Gottesgabwurz; Fr. Asclépiade, Dompte- venin (Codex), Hirundinaire. Root, Rad. vincetoxici v. hirundinariae vy. asclepiadis; emetic, cathartic, diuretic, sudorific. 631. CYNARA, L. - Artichoke. - Compositae. The classical name. Thistle-like herbs. About 8 species, Mediterranean region. a. C. Cardineulus L. Southern Europe, and widely cult. Car- - doon. Blanched leaf stalks esculent. Flowers used in France to coagulate milk. b. ©. Seédlymus L. Southern Europe, northern Africa, and widely cult. Artichoke, Bur Artichoke. Fleshy scales of flower heads. edible when freed from the bristles or choke’. The ‘‘chard” or blanched central leaf stalk is also eaten. Artichoke is re- puted a blood purifier, diuretic and cholagogue. 6382. CYNOCTONUM, J. G. Gmel. 1791. Loganiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dog slaying’. Syn. Mitreola R. Br. 1810; Ophiorhiza, in part. Herbs. About 5 species; 1 in U. 8. 633, CYNOGLOSSUM, L. Hound’stongue. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dog’s-tongue’”. Herbs with bur-like fruits. About 75 species; 5 in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 129 a. C. officinale L. Europe, widely nat.in U.S. Hound’s-tongue, Gypsy-flower, Dog’s-tongue, Dog-bur, Canadian Bur, Sheep- lice, Tory-weed, Rose-noble; Ger. Hundszunge, Venusfinger; Fr. Cynoglosse (Codex), Langue de chien. Root and herb sedative, lenitive, expectorant. b. C. Virginieum L. Canada to Florida and Kansas. Wild Comfrey, Dog-bur. 634. CYNOSCIADIUM, DC. Cynosciadium. Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘dog celery’’. Small annuals. Two species, both of southern U. 8. 635. CYPERUS, L. Galingale, Cypress-grass. Cyperaceae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Pycreus, Papyrus, in part. Sedges with umbellate or capitate inflorescence. About 650 species; 77 in U. S. a. C. articulatus L. Tropical regions. Adrue, Guinea Rush. Rhizome anti-emetic, carminative. b. C. esculéntus L. A widely distributed species, sometimes a troublesome weed. Nut-grass. Tubers, Earth-nut, Earth or Ground Almond, Rush-nut, Chufa; Fr. Souchet comestible, Amandes de terre; edible, rich in oil of agreeable flavor for salad oil; roasted, a substitute for coffee. The American (c) C. phymatédes Muhl. is referred by some to this species, but its tubers are very small. d. C. longus L. (C. officinalis T. Nees.) Europe. English Galingale (Galangal), Sweet Cyperus. Rhizome, Cypress-root, tonic, stomachic. [(e) C. odoratus L. (Pycreus polystachys Beauv. ) of India has similar properties in a more marked de- gree. | f. C. Papyrus L. (Papyrus antiquorum Willd.). Northeastern Africa to Syria. Papyrus Sedge, Papyrus, Bullrush of Egypt. Anciently known as Biblus, whence our word Bible. Formerly used as we now use paper, that word being derived from Papy- rus. [Similar but much smaller is the Umbrella plant (g) C. alternifélius L., a common house plant. ] h. C. yaginatus R. Br. (C. textilis F. Muell.). Australia and 8. Africa. A valuable fibre plant, used for making ropes, mats, etc. In China (i) C. tegétum Roxb. and in Hawaii (j) C. laevigatus L., Ehuawa, is cultivated for the same uses. 636. CYPRIPEDIUM, £. Ladies’-slipper. | Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Venus’ buskin”. Perennial herbs with showy flowers. About 40 species, temperate and tropical regions; 11 in U. S. a. C. aecatile Ait. Canada and northeastern U. S. Stemless Ladies’-slipper, Pink or Purple Ladies’-slipper, Camel’ s-foot, Whip-poor-will’s-shoe. Other names applied indiscriminately to our native species, except (b), are Moccasin-flower, Indian- moccasin, American or Wild Valerian, Nerve-root, Noah’s-ark, Indian-shoe, Squirrel-shoes, Venus’-shoe, Ducks, Old-goose, Two-lips. . 130 ' PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. C. arietinum R. Br. Canada and northeastern U. S. Ram’s- head Ladies’-slipper, Ram’s-head. C. eandidum Willd. New York to Minnesota and Missouri. Small White Ladies’-slipper. is) d. C. hirstitum Mill. (C. pubescens Willd.). Nova Scotia south to Alabama and west to Nebraska and Missouri. Yellow Ladies’-slipper, Yellow Moccasin-flower, Venus’-shoe, Venus’ - cup, Yellow Indian-shoe, American Valerian, Nerve-root, Male Nervine, Yellow Noak’s-ark, Yellows, Monkey-fiower, Umbil-root, Yellow Umbil (Umble or Umbel); Ger. Gelb- frauenshuhwurz; Fr. Cypripede jaune, Valériane americaine. Rhizome and rootlets (of this and the following species); Cypri- pedium, U.S. P., Rhizoma cypripedii, Ladies’-slipper; anti- spasmodic, nervine. } e. C. parviflérum Salisb. British Americato Georgia, Missouri and Oregon. Small Yellow Ladies’-slipper. Synonyms and properties of (d), the two species being closely similar. f. C. reginae Walt. (C. spectabile Salisb., C. album Ait.). Nova Scotia to Georgia and Minnesota. Showy Ladies’-slipper, Female Nervine, Pink Moccasin-flower. 637. CYRILLA, Gard. Leatherwood, ete. Cyrillaceae. Named for D. Cyrillo, Italian physician. Shrubs or small trees. Two species, southern U. 8. and tropical America. a. C. racemiflora Walt. Southeastern U. S. Southern Leather- wood, Burn-wood, Ironwood, He-Huckleberry, White or Red Titi. 638. CYRTOPODIUM, R. Br. Cyrtopodium. Orchidaceae. From Greek, “curved foot’’. Fleshy-stemmed orchids, very showy. About 28 species, tropical America; 2 in U. 8. 639. CYRTORHYNCHA, Nutt. Buttercup. Ranunculaceae. From Greek, ‘‘curved beak’’. Syn. Ranunculus, in part. Herb resembling Ranunculus. One species, central U. 8. 640. CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh. Brittle Fern. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, “bladder fern’, referring to inflated indusium. Rock ferns. About 5 species; 3in U.S. a. (. fragilis (L.) Bernh. (P. fragile L.). Cosmopolitan. Brit- tle Fern, Bottle Fern, White-oak Fern. ; 641. CYTISUS, L ; - Broom. : Papilionaceae. Ancient Greek name ofa leguminous plant. Syn. Genista, Laburnum, Sarothamnus, Spartium, in part. Shrubs, often spiny. About 45 species, Old World. a, C. Labirnum L. (L. anagyroides Medic. (Kew), L. vulgare © Presl.). Southern Europe. Laburnum, Bean-trefoil, Golden- chain, Golden-shower, He-Broom, False Ebony, Ebony of the Alps; Ger. Goldregen, Bohnenbaum; Fr. Faux Ebénier, Cytise. — Seeds sedative, soporitic, narcoto-acrid, aperient. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 131 b. C. Scoparius (L.) Link. (Spar. Secoparium L., Sar. Scoparius Koch, G. Scoparia Lam.). Northern Asia, Europe. adv. in U. 8. Broom; Green, Scotch or Irish Broom, Hag-weed, Bannal, Besom; Ger. Besenkraut, Besenginster, Pfriemenkraut; Fr. Genét 4 balais. Tops; Scoparius. U.S. P., Scoparii cacu- mina, Br.; sedative, diuretic. In Germany the flowers also, Flores genistae, Fl. spartii scoparii, are used. 642. DALIBARDA, L. - Dewdrop. - Rosaceae Named for T. F. Dalibard, French botanist, 18th Century. A downy tufted herb. One species, northeastern U. 8. and Canada. 648. DAMASONIUM, Juss. Damasonium. Alismaceae. Syn. Actinocarpus, in part. Aquatic herbs. About 4 spe- cies; 1 in U. 8. 644. DAPHNE, L. Spurge Laurel. Thymeliaceae. Ancient Greek name, from the Nymph Daphne. Evergreen shrubs. About 40 species, Europe and Asia. a. ID. Gnidium L. Southern Europe. Spurge Flax, Mezereon; Fr. Garou, Sainbois (Codex). See (c). b. D. Lauréola L. Central Europe. Spurge Laurel, Dwarf Bay, Copse or Wood Laurel, Lady Laurel, Fox-poison, Mezereon, Sturdy Lowries. See (c). . _«¢ D. Mezéreum L. Northern Asia and Europe, adv. in U. S. Mezereon, Mysterious plantt, Dwarf Bay, Daffadowndilly*, Magell, Paradise plant, Spurge Flax, Spurge Olive, Wild Pepper; Ger. Kellerhals, Seidelbast; Fr. Mézéréon, Bois gentil (Codex); Sp. Macereon, Torviso. Bark of all three species; Mezereon, U. 8. P., Mezerei cortex, Br., Cort. thymelez v. coceegnidii; acrid, irritant, alterative. ruit, German Pepper, has been used to adulterate black pepper. 645. DAPHNOPSIS, Mart. & Zucc. Daphnopsis. Thymeliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Daphne-like’. Syn. Daphne, in part. _ Shrubs. About 15 species, tropical America. a. D. salicifolia Meissn. (Daphne salicifolia Kunth.). Mexico. Leaves epispastic. 646. DASYLIRION, Zucc. Dasylirion. Liliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dense (flowered) lily’. Plants with woody stem. About 19 species, Mexico and adjacent regions; 2 in U6. 647. DASYSTOMA, Raf. False Foxglove. Secrophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dense (bearded) mouth’. Syn. Gerardia, Rhinanthus, in part. Rather robust herbs with showy yellow flowers. Six species, all of eastern N. America; 5 in U. 8. a. D. Pedicularia (L.) Benth. (G. Pedicularia L.). Canada and eastern U.S. Fern-leaved False Foxglove, Bushy Gerardia, Lousewort, American Foxglove, Fever-weed. 132 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. D. Virginieus (L.) Brit. (R. Virginicus L., G. quercifolia Pursh, D. quercifolia Benth.). Eastern U. S. Smooth or Oak-leaved False Foxglove, Golden Oak. 648. DATISCA, L. : Datisca. - _ Datiscaceae. Syn. Tricerastes, Presl. Annualherbs. Two known species, one in Asia, one in California. 649. DATURA, L. Thorn-apple, ete. Solanaceae. From vernacular, Hindustan(?). Syn. Brugmansia, in part. Robust herbs with showy flowers, some tropical species shrubs. About 20 species; 6 in U. 8. including those naturalized. a. D. arborea L. (B. arborea Steud.). Tropical America, cult. for ornament in California. Brugmansia, Floribunda, Flori- pondat. b. D. Straménium L. Asia, now a cosmopolitan weed. Stramon- ium, ‘Thorn-apple, Jamestown-weed, Jimson-weed, James- town Lily, Devil’s-apple, Devil’s-trumpet, Mad-apple, Apple of Peru, Stink-weed, Stink, Fire-weed, Dewtry; Ger. Stechap- fel, Dornapfel; Fr. Stramoine, Pomme épineuse (Codex); Sp. Estramonio, Toloache. Leaves; Stramonii folia, U.S. P., Br., Herba stramonii, Herba daturae. Seeds; Stramonii semen, U.S. P., Br., Semina stramonii v. daturae; sedative anodyne, deliriant. c. D. Tatula L. [probably only a variety of (b)]. South America, nat. in U. 8. Purple Thorn-apple, Purple Stramonium. Very similar to the last and having identical properties. Seve- ral other species are used as narcotics, notably (d) D. fastuésa L. (D. alba Nees) of India; (e) D. Métel L., Africa and southern Asia, and (f) D. sanguinea Ruiz et Pay. of Peru, from the seeds of which an intoxicating drink is prepared. 650. DAUBENTONIA, DC. Daubentonia. Papilionaceae. Named for M. Daubenton, French botanist. Syn. Sesbania, in part. Small shrubs with quadrangular pods. About 4 spe- cies, sub-tropical America; 1 in U. 8S. 651. DAUCUS,.L. ..-.... Carrot 2 Umbelliferae. The ancient Greek name. Annual or biennial herbs with - dissected compound leaves. About 25 species; 1 in U. S. a. D. Caréta L. Northern Asia and Europe, widely nat. and cult. Carrot. The wild plant is called Wild Carrot, Bee’s-nest or Bird’s-nest plant, Devil’s-plague, Dawke, Fiddle, Hill-trot, Lace-flower, Mirrot, Rantipole; Ger. Méhre, Gelbe Riibe; Fr. Carotte (Codex); Sp. Zannahoria. Fruit of wild plant, Fruc- tus carotae v. dauci, diuretic, emmenagogue. Root vulnerary, esculent. 652. DECODON, J. FE. Gmel. (Decadon). Lythraceae. From Greek, ‘‘ten toothed’, of the calyx. Syn. Nessaea, Lythrum, in part. Aquatic herb. One species. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 133 a. D. verticillatus (L. ) Ell. (L. Vertipilatum Ta, N. verticillata H. B. K.). Eastern U. S. and Canada. Swamp Loose-strife, Swamp Willow-herb, Wild Oleander, Peat-weed, Slink-weed. 653. DECUMARLIA, L. Decumaria. Saxifragaceae. From Latin, ‘‘ten parted’’. Woody climber. One species, southeastern U. 8S. 654. DEINANDRA, Greene. Deinandra. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘terrible man’’. Syn. Hemizonia, in part. Herbs. Six known species, southwestern U. S. 655. DELABECHEA, Lindl. Bottle tree. Sterculiaceae. Named for Sir*H. T. De la Béche, geologist, 19th Century. Syn. Sterculia, in part. An Australian tree with trunk bulged in barrel form. One species; (a) D. rupéstris Lindl. (S. rupestris Benth. ), Australia. 656. DELPHINIUM, L. Larkspur. Ranunculaceae. Latin ‘‘dolphin- ike”, of the flower. Syn. Staphisagria, in part. Erect herbs with showy blue, red or white flowers. About 60 species, north temperate zone; 46 in U. S. a. D. Ajacis L. Southern Europe and cult. in gardens. The com- mon Larkspur of country gardens. Properties of (c). b. D. Carolinianum Walt. (D. azureum Michx.). Prairies of Central U. 8. Azure, Blue, Carolina or Prairie Larkspur. . D. Consélida L. Central Europe, cult. in gardens and adv. in U.S. Field Larkspur, Knight’ s-spur, Lark-heel, Lark’ s-claw, Staggerweed, King’s Consound; Ger. Rettersporn, Lerchen- klaue, Hornkiiminel; Fr. Pied d’alouette Leaves, flowers and seeds; Herba, F lores, Semen consolidae (regalis), v. calcitrippae; acrid, irritant, emeto-cathartic, alterative. [The seeds were official as Delphinium, U.S. P., 1870.] © d. DPD. Staphisagria L. (S. macrocarpa Spach., D. officinale Wenderoth). Mediterranean basin. Lousewort. Sceds; Staph- isagria, U.S. P., Staphisagriae semina, Br., Sem. staphidis agriae, Sem. pedicularis; Stavesacre seed; Ger. StephanskG6rner, Stafadriansamen, Liiusekérner, Liiusepfefter, Rattenpfefter; Fr. Staphisaigre (Codex); Sp. Estat isagria, Albarraz; used as a parasiticide. e. D. troliiifélium A. Gr. California. Cow-poison. Ee D. urceolatum Jacq. (D. exaltatum Ait. ). Pennsylvania to Ala- bama, west to Nebraska, also cult. in gardens. Tall Larkspur. This and our other numerous species have properties of (c). 657. DENDRIUM, Desy. 1813. Sand Myrtle. Ericaceae, From Greek, ‘‘tree like’. Syn. Leiophyllum Pers. 1805, not Erhr. 1780. Shrubs. Two known species, eastern U. S. 658. DENDROMECON, Benth. Tree Poppy. Papaveraceae. From Greek, “tree poppy’. Shrubby plants. ‘Two species, California. 134. PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 659. DENDROPHYLAX, Reichb. Dendrophylax. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘tree guard’. lLeafless epiphytes. Two spe- cies, West Indies; 1 in U.S. 660. DENTARIA, L. Toothwort, Pepper-root. Cruciferae. From Latin, ‘‘toothed”, of the rootstocks. Syn. Cardamine (Kew), in part. Perennial herbs from scaly or toothed root- stocks. About 16 species, all of U. 8. a. D. diphyila Michx. (C. diphylla Wood). Canada and_north- eastern U. S. Two-leaved Toothwort or Tooth-root, Pepper- root, Crinkle-root, Trickle. Root of this and other species, antiscorbutic, resembling horseradish. b. D. laciniata Muhl. Canada and eastern U. S. Cut-leaved Toothwort or Pepper-root, Crow-toe, Crow-foot*. 661. DERINGA, Adans. 1763. Honewort. Umbelliferae. Syn. Cryptotaenia, DC. 1829. Perennial herb. One species, eastern U. 8. 662. DIAMORPHA, Nutt. Diamorpha. Crassulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘doubly anomalous’. Lowherb. Onespecies, southeastern U. S. 668. DIANTHERA, L. Water-willow, Acanthaceae. From Greek, “doubly anthered’’. Herbs. About 100 spe- cies, mostly tropical America; 5 in U. §. 664. DIANTHUS, L. Pink, Carnation, ete. Caryophyllaceae. Greek, ‘‘the flower of Zeus.’”’ Syn. Tunica, in part. Herbs, mostly perennial. About 200 species, Old World, 1 in boreal America. Several species cult. in gardens, notably, (a) D. Caryophyllis L., Carnation, Carnation or Clove Gilliflower, Clove Pink, Picotee, Grenadine, ete., (b) D. barbatus L., Sweet Wiliam, Bunch Pink, French Pink, Blooming-down, London-pride, London-tuft, Snowflake, Sweet-John, Tolmeiner; (c) D. prolifer L. [T. prolifera Scop. (Kew)], Childing or Proliferous Pink; (d) D. plumarius L., Common Pink’ of old gardens, Grass Pink. 665. DIAPEDIUM, Konig. 1806. Diapedium. Acanthaceae. From Greek, ‘‘over plains’ (?). Syn. Dicliptera (Kew), Juss. 1807 ;Justicia, in part. Herbs. About 60 species, warmer regions; 4 in U. §. 666. DIAPENSIA, L. Diapensia. Diapensiaceae. Evergreen sub-shrubs. Two species, one of Himalayas, one circumpolar (northern U. S.). 667. DICHAETOPHORA, Gray. Dichaetophora. Compositae. — From Greek, ‘‘bearing two bristles’. Syn. Boltonia, in part. A Daisy-like winter annual. One species, Texas. 668. DICHONDRA, Forst. | Dichondra. Conyolvulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘two kerneled’’. Syn. Sibthorpia, in part. Round-leaved prostrate or creeping herbs. About 5 species, warm regions, 2 in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 135 669. DICKSONIA, L Her. Dicksonia- | Polypodiaceae. Named for James Dickson, English botanist, d. 1822. Syn. Balantium, in part. Large Ferns, tropical species often arbor- escent. About 50 species; 1 in U. 8. a. D. chrysétricha Moore (B. chrysotrichum Hassk.). Java. Capillary chaff from base of stipes is Paku-kidang or Pakoe- kidang, used in surgery asastyptic, see Alsophila, and Cibotium. 670. DICORIA, T. & Gr. Dicoria. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘two bugs’’, alluding to appearance of akenes. Herbs. Two known species, Arizona to California. 671. DICRANOCARPUS, Gray. Dicranocarpus. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘pitchfork fruit’?’, An inconspicuous annual herb. One species, Texas. . 672. DICRAURUS, Hook.f. Dicraurus. Amaranthaceae. Herb. One species, Texas. 678. DICTAMNUS, L. - _ Dittany. g Rutaceae. The classical name from Mt. Dicte. Strong-scented herb with showy flowers. One species. , a. D. albus L.(D. Fraxinella Pers.). Europe. White Fraxinella, | European or Bastard Dittany, Dittander, Garden Ginger. Root; Rad. dictamni albae, Rad. fraxinellae; Ger. Weisse Dip- tamwurzel, Escherwurzel, .Aeschenwurzel, Spechtwurzel; anti- spasmodic, diuretic. 674. DICYPELLIUM, Nees. Clove-bark tree. Lauraceae. From Greek, ‘‘two goblets’. Syn. Persea, Licaria, in part. Aromatic tree. One species. ; ’ : ] ," , 4 a. D. caryophyllatum Nees. (P. caryophyllata Mart.. L. Guian- ensis Aubl., apparently the oldest name.). Brazil. Clove \ Bark tree; Ger. Cravobaum, Nelkenzimmtbaum. Bark; Clove- bark, Clove Cinnamon, Cassia caryophyllata, Cortex caryophyl- lati; resembles cinnamon. The wood, called rose-wood, yields oil of Licaria or of Lign-aloes, used in perfumery. See also Aquilaria. — 675. DIDIPLIS, Raf. Water Purslane. Lythraceae. From Greek, ‘‘twice double’. Aquatic or ‘‘amphibious’’ ‘herb. One species, U. S. Closely related to the Old World genus Peplis. 676. DIERVILLA, Moench. Bush Honey-suckle. Caprifoliaceae. Named for Dr. Dierville of Canada. Syn. Lonicera, in part. Shrubs, related to Weigela. Three species; all of U. 8. a. D. Diervilla (L.) MacM. (L. Diervilla L., D. trifida Moench., - D. Canadensis Willd. ). Canada and northeastern U.S. Bush Honey-suckle, Gravel-weed, Life-of-man. Root, leaves and twigs, diuretic, astringent, alterative. ' 677. DIGITALIS, L. Foxglove. Scrophulariaceae. From Latin, (glove) ‘‘finger”. Robust herbs with showy flowers in racemes. About 20 species, Europe and Asia. 136 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. D. purpurea L. (D. tomentosa Link & Hoffm.). Europe, cult. in gardens and adv. in U. 8. Purple Foxglove, Foxglove, (originally Folk’s-glove), Thimbles, Fairy-cap, Fairy-fingers, Fairy-thimbles, Fairy-bells, Dog’s-finger, Finger-flower, Ladies’- glove, Lady-fingers, Ladies’-thimble. Pop-dock, Flap-dock, Flop-dock, Lion’s-mouth, Rabbit’s-flower, Cottagers, Throat- wort, Scotch Mercury; Ger. Fingerhut; Fr. Digitale (Codex), Digitale Pourprée, Grande Digitale; Sp. Dedalera. Leaves; Digitalis, U. 8. P., Digitalis Folia, Br., Folia digitalis, P. G., Herba digitalis; cardiac sedative, diuretic. 678. DIOCLEA, fn Bek: Dioclea. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘troublesome’’. Shrubs or climbers. About 25 species, mostly of tropical America, two in Asia; 1 in U. §. 679. DIONAEA, Ellis. Venus’ Flytrap. Sarraceniaceae. Dedicated to Dione of Greek mythology. Herb with sen- sitive foliage. One species, found only in southern U. S&S. a. D. musecipula Ellis (D. sensitiva Salisb.). Pine barrens of N. and 8. Carolina. Venus’ Flytrap; Ger. Venus die Fliegen- fingerin; Fr. Attrappe-mouche. An insectivorous plant. 680. DIOSCOREA, L. =( AVaae - Dioscoreaceae. Named for ancient Greek naturalist Dioscorides. Twining vines from thick rootstocks. About 160 species, mostly tropi- eal; 1 in U.S. Among the species cultivated for their esculent fleshy root- stocks are (a) D. aculeata L., India to Oceanica, the Kaawi Yam; (b) D. alata L., India and South Sea Islands, the Uvi Yam, White Negro Yam( weighing sometimes 100 pounds) ;(c) D. glabra Roxb. (D. Batatas, Decaisne), India and China, the Chinese Yam; (d) D. Japonica Thunb., Japan, where it is much cultivated; (e) D. sativa L., widely distributed; Com- mon Yam, inferior to the above. f. D. villésa L. Ontario to Florida and west to Texas and Minne- sota. Wild Yam, Colic-root, Rheumatism-root, Devil’s-bones. Rhizome diaphoretic, expectorant, uterine tonic. [The con- torted root-stocks known as False Wild Yam, according to King’s Dispensatory (1899) are from D. villosa var. glabra]. 681. DIOSPYROS, L. —_ Ebony, Date Plum. Ebenaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Zeus’ wheat’’, so named by Pliny. Trees or shrubs. About 160 species, especially of Asia; 2 in U. S. a. D. Ebenum Koenig. Ceylon. Ebony. ‘This species yields the best ebony, but the wood of many other species, in India, Africa, Mauritius and Madagascar, is almost equally hard and black. b. D. Kaki L. f. China and Japan. Japanese Persimmon or Date Plum. The best native fruit of Japan. ce. D. Létus L. Eastern Asia. Common Date Plum, Lotus tree. Fruit edible but small. f SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 137 sd. D. obtusifélia Willd. Mexico. Zapote prieto, Zapote negro; ‘* . Bark and leaves astringent, tonic. -e. D. Virginiana L. Rhode Island to Florida and west to Texas and Kansas. Common Persimmon (Parsimon), Seeded Plum, Winter Plum, Possum-wood, Lotus-tree, Jove’s-fruit, North American Ebony; Ger. Amerikanische Dattelpflaume; Fr. Plagueminier de Virginie. Fruit, Virginian Date-plum?, esculent. Unripe fruit a powerful astringent. In India (f) D. Embry6épteris Pers., called Gaub, is also used as an astringent. 682. DIPHOLIS, DC. - Bully-tree*. Sapotaceae. From Greek, ‘‘double scale’. Syn. Bumelia, in _ part. Shrubs or trees. About 3 species, West Indies; 1 in 8. Florida. 683. DIPHYLLEIA, Michx. Umbrella-leaf. Berberidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘double leaf’. Herbs resembling Podo- phyllum, with cymose flowers. Two species, one of Japan, one of southeastern U. 8. 684, DIPLACUS, Nutt. Diplacus. Scrophulariaceae. Syn. Mimulus, in part. Glutinous evergreen sub-shrubs with solitary showy flowers, New World; 10 in U. 8S. 685. DIPLOTAXIS, DC. Rocket, Crossweed. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘double ranked’’, of the seeds. Syn. Sisym- brium, Brassica, in part. Herbs resembling Mustard. About 30 species, Old World; 2 adv. in U. 8. a. D. muralis (L.) DC. (S. murale L.). Europe, adv. in U. S. Sand Rocket, Cross-weed, Flix-weed. 686. DIPSACUS, L. ‘ Teasel. J Dipsaceae. The Greek name, ‘‘thirst plant’’. Robust herbs with flowers in dense spiny heads. About 15 species, Old World; 2 nat. in 8: a. D. Fullonum L. Europe; adv. in U. 8. Probably only a variety of (b). Fuller’s Teasel, Fuller’s Thistle, Fuller’s-weed, Draper’s Teasel, Clothier’s-brush, with other synonyms of (b). Heads used to raise a ‘‘nap’’ in cloth. b. D. sylvéstris Mill. (D. Fullonum L. in part). Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U. 8. Teasel; Wild, Common or Card Teasel, Card Thistle, Indian Thistle, Church-brooms, Gypsy- combs, Hutton-weed, Prickly-bark, Pricky-bark, Shepherd’s- staff, Tassel, Venus’-bath, Venus’-cup, Wood-brooms. Root diuretic, diaphoretic, stomachic. 687. DIPTEROCARPUS, Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae. From Greek, ‘‘two-winged fruit”. Resinous trees with leathery leaves. About 45 species, south eastern Asia and East Indies. a. D. alatus Roxb., (b) D. inednus Roxb, (D. costatus Gaertn. ), (c) D. turbinatus Gaertn. (D. laevis Hamilton), and other species of India and the East Indies, yield the oleoresin called — Gurjun balsam or Wood oil, Balsamum pterocarpi, Balsamum Gurjun (s. gurjunicum), resembling copaiba, especially useful in treating leprosy. 138 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 688. DIPTERYX, Schreb. 1791. Tonka Bean. Papilionaceae.. From Greek, ‘‘two winged”. Syn. Coumarouna Aubl. 1775,, in part. Trees. About 10 species, tropical America. a. D. odorata Willd. (Coumarouna odorata Aublet). Guiana. Seeds; Semen tonco, Faba tonco; ‘Tonka-bean, Tonga-{ or Tonquin-{ bean, Coumarouma-bean, Snuff-bean; Ger. Tonka- bohnen; Fr. Tonka [Féve] (Codex); Sp. Haba tonka; rich in coumarin, used for flavoring and in perfumery. b. D. oppositifolia Willd. (Coumarouna oppositifolia Aublet). Cayenne. English Tonka Bean. Seeds smaller and less frag- rant than those of (a). 689. DIRCA, L. | Leatherwood. Thymeliaceae. Name from a fountain in Thebes. Shrubs with fibrous bark.. Two species, both of U. S$. a. D. palustris L. Ontario to Florida and west to Minnesota. Leather-wood, Leather-bush, Moose-wood, Swamp-wood, Leay-- er-wood, Lever-wood, American Mezereon, Rope-bark, Wickup, Wicopy. Sark irritant, emetic. 690. DISPORUM, Salisb. 1812. Disporum. Convallariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘two ovuled’’. Syn. Prosartes, Don 1840;. Streptopus, in part. Perennial herbs. About. 15 species, N. America and Asia; 8 in U.S8., mostly western. 691. DISTASIS, DC. - Distasi, - Compositae. Syn. Chaetopappa, in part. Herb. One species, southwest-- ern U. 8. 692. DITAXIS, Vahl. Ditaxis. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘two ranked’’, of the stamens. Syn. Aphora, Argyrothamnia, in part. Perennial herbs. About 20 species, temperate and tropical regions; 9 in U. S. 6938. DODECATHEON, L. Shooting-star, ete. Primulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘twelve gods’. An old Greek plant-name. Scapose perennial herbs. About 18 species, N. America and northeastern Asia; 15 in U. 8., mostly western. a. D. Meadia L. Pennsylvania to Georgia and west to Texas and. Manitoba. Shooting-star, American Cowslip, Mosquito-bells, Pride of Ohio, . Indian-chief, Johnny- jump, Rooster-heads. 694. DODONAEA, L. Dodoziaea. Sapindaceae. Trees or shrubs. About 45 species, tropical regions, es-- pecially of Australia; 1 in U. S. 695. DOELLINGERIA, Nees. White Aster. Compositae. Named for Th. Dollinger, botanical explorer. Syn. Diplo-. pappus, Aster, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Aster. Four species, all of U. 8. 696. DONDIA, Adans. 1763. Blite, Sea-Blite. Chenopodiaceae. Named for J. Dondi, Italian naturalist, 17th Century. Syn. Suaeda, Forsk. 1775; Salsola, Chenopodium, in part. Thick-- leaved herbs or low shrubs. About 50 species, widely distri-- buted; 11 in U.S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 139 697. DOREMA, D. Don. Ammoniac plant. | Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘gift?’. Syn. Peucedanum, in part. Herbs. About 5 species, west-central Asia. a. D. Ammoniacum Don. (P. Ammoniacum H. Br.). Persia. Gum-resinous exudate of this and perhaps other species; Am- moniacum, U.S. P., Br.; Gummi-resina ammoniacum, Gum Ammoniac; Ger. Ammoniak-gummi; Fr. Gomme ammoniaque (Codex ); stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic, rubefacient. b. D. Aticheri Bois. Western Persia. Zuh of the Kurds. Yields also gum ammoniac. [From (c) D. robustum Loftus, a different gum is produced]. 698. DORSTENIA, L , Contrayerva. Artocarpaceae. Named for T. Dorsten, German botanist, d. 1552. Herbs. About 40 species, tropical America. a. D. Brasiliénsis Lam. West Indies, Central America, south to Peru; (b) D. Contrayérva L. Brazil. Root of both is known as Contrayerva (i. e. antidotal remedy); Ger. Bezoarwurzel, Giftwurzel; Fr. Contrayerve; stimulant tonic, antidote to snake poison; (c) D. Drakéna L., (d) D. Cayapia Vell. (D. opifera Mart.) and (e) D. tubicina R. & P., yield similar roots. 699. DORYPHORA, Endl. Sassafras tree. Monimiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘spice bearing’. Syn. Doratophora, Lem. An aromatic tree. One species, Australia. See Atherosperma. a. D. Sassafras Endl. Australia. Sassafras tree. Leaves and bark have anise-like odor, carminative. 700. DOUGLASIA, Lindl. Douglasia. Primulaceae. Named for David Douglas, botanical explorer. Herbs. . About 5 species, one in Europe; 4 in northwestern U. S. 701. DOVYALIS, E . Meyer. Kei Apple. Bixaceae. Syn. Aberia, in part. Shrubs or trees. About 10 species, southern and western Africa. a. D. Caffra (Harv. & Sond.) Lyons ( Aberia Caffra Harv. & Sond. ). Southern Africa. Kei Apple, Kai Apple. Fruit acid, used for pickles and preserves. 702. DRABA, L. Whitlow-grass, Nailwort. Cruciferae. The Greek name of a Lepidium. Tufted herbs. About 160 species, north temperate and arctic regions and 8S. America; 42 in U. 8. See Erophila. 708. DRACAENA, L. (Drakaina). Dragon tree. Liliaceae. Shrubby or arborescent plants. Syn. Draco, in part. About 50 species, warmer regions, Old World. a. D. Draco L. (Draco dragonalis Crantz). Canary Islands. Dragon Tree. rudateisa variety of Dragon’s-blood. [(b) D. Ombet Kotschy, of Socotra, yields a similar Biege brought to Arabia under the name of Katir. J 140 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 704. DRACOCEPHALUM, L. Dragon-head. ~—‘Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘dragon-head”. Perennial herbs. About 35 species, northern hemisphere; 1 in U. S. 705. DRAPERIA, Torr. Draperia. Hydrophyllaceae. Named for Prof. John William Draper of New York. Syn. Nama, in part. Low perennial herb. Onespecies, California. 706. DRIMYS, Forst. Winter’s-bark. Magnoliaceae. Syn. Tasmannia, Wintera,in part. Trees. About 12 species, S. America and Australasia. a. D. Winteri Forst. (Wintera aromatica Murray). The species is now regarded as including D. Mexicana Sessé, D. Chilensis DC. and D. Granatensis L. f. South America. Win- ters Bark, Magellan Canella, Winter's Cinnamon, Pep- per-tree*. Bark; Cortex winteranus, Cort. magellanicus v. antiscorbuticus; Ger. Echte Winterrinde, Winterszimmt; F. Ecorce de Winter (Codex), Canella de Magellan; Sp. Corteza Winterana; aromatic, stimulant. [One variety of Coto bark has been traced to D. Granatensis, which is the variety official as Winter’s bark in the French Codex. The Australian (b) D. axillaris Forst. and (c) D. aromatiea (R. Br.) F. Muell. (T. aromatica R. Br., D. lanceolata Baill.) have spicy barks. The fruit of the latter is used like pepper. ] 707. DROSERA, L. - Sundew. - Droseraceae. From Greek, ‘‘dewey’’. Insectivorous bog herbs. About 110 species, especially abundant in Australia; 7 in U. S. a. D. rotundifolia L. Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Florida and California. Round leaved Sundew, Common Sun- dew, Dew-plant*, Eye-bright*, Lustwort, Moor-grass, Moor- wort, Red-rot, Rosa-solis, Ros-solis, Youthwort; Ger. Sonnen- thau, Edler Wiederthon, Sinnthau, Yungfernbliithe; Fr. Rosée du Soleil. Plant, Herba rorellae, H. droserae vy. roris solis; expectorant, diuretic. [(b)D. longifolia L.(D. Anglica Huds. ), Europe and U. S., Long-leaved Sundew, has been also employed. | 708. DRYAS, L. Mountain Avens. Rosaceae. From Latin, ‘‘wood-nymph’’. Low alpine or arctic sub- shrubs. Three species, circumpolar,(U.8.). [(a)D. oetopé- tala L. is sometimes called Wood Betony. ] 709. DRYMARIA, Willd. Drymaria. — Caryophyllaceae. Herbs. About 35 species, mostly of warmer regions of New. World; 6 in U. 8. 710. DRYOBALANOPS, Gaertn. - Dipterocarpaceae. From Greek, ‘‘tree’’, ‘‘acorn’’ and ‘‘appearance”. A stately tree. One species, East Indies. diet a. D. aromatica Gaertn. (D. Camphora Coleb.). Sumatra and Borneo. Source of Sumatra or Borneo Camphor, also of the Borneo oil of Camphor. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 141 711. DRYOPETALONY, Gray. (Dryopetalum). Cruciferae.. Herb. One species, New Mexico. 712. DRYOPTERIS, Adans. 1763. Shield Fern. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘oak fern’’, alluding to forest habitat. Syn. Aspidium Swz. 1800; Polystichum, Nephrodium, Acrostichumf,. Polypodiumf, in part. About 350 species; 27 in U. S. a. D. acrostichoides (Michx.) Kze. (N. acrostichoides Michx., ‘ Asp. acrostichoides Swz.). Canadaand eastern U.S. Christ-- mas Fern, Holly Fern. Ab. D. Filix-Mas (L.) Schott (Polypodium Filix-Mas, L., Asp. Filix-Mas, Swz., Polystichum Filix-Mas, Roth. ). Almost cos-- mopolitan (northern U. S.). Male Fern, Male Shield-fern, Basket Fern, Bear’s-paw root, Knotty Brake, Sweet Brake; Ger. Wurmfarn, Waldfarn, Johanniswurzel; Fr. Fougére male. (Codex); Sp. Helecho macho. Rhizome of this and of (c); Aspidium, U.S. P., Filix-Mas, Br., Rhizoma filicis, Rad. filicis (maris); anthelmintic, taenicide. ce. D. marginalis (L.) A. Gray (Polypodium marginale L., Asp. marginale Swz., N. marginale Michx.). British America, south to Alabama and Arkansas. Evergreen Wood-fern, Mar- ginal-fruited Shield-fernZ. Properties of (b). d. D. spinulésa (Retz.) Kze. (Polypodium spinulosum Retz.,. Asp. spinulosum Swz.). Northern Europe, Asia and N. Ame- rica. Common Wood-fern. ; ? e. D. Thelypteris (L.) A. Gray (Acros. Thelypteris L., Asp. Thelypteris Swz.). Europe, Asia and N. America (eastern U. S.). _Marsh Shield-fern, Fragrant Meadow-fern, Quill Fern, Female Fern*; Marsh, Meadow or Swamp Fern. 7138. DRYPETES, Vahl. Drypetes. Euphorbiaceae. Syn. Xylosma, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 8 species, warmer regions of New World; 3 in U. S. a. D. erocea Poit. (X. nitidum Gray). West Indies to Florida and 8. America. Guiana Plum, White-woodr. 714. DUBOISIA, R. Br. Pituri, etc. _ Solanaceae. Named for F. N. A. Dubois, French botanist, d. 1824. Shrubs. About 3 species, Australia and adjacent islands. a. D. Hopwoddii F. Muell. Australia. Pituri (Pitury, Pitchuri, Pedgery, Bedgery). Leaves contain an alkaloid, pituriye, different in action from duboisine. b. D. myoporoides R. Br. Eastern Australia and New Caledonia. Corkwood Elm, Orungurabie, Ngmoo, Duboisia. Leaves con tain a mydriatic alkaloid, duboisine (hyoscyamine. ) ; 715. DUCHESNEA, J. E.Sm. MockStrawberry. Rosaceae. Named for A. N. Duchesne, French botanist. Syn. Fragaria, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Fragaria but with insipid fruit. Two species, southern Asia; 1 nat. in U. S., (a) D. Indica (Andr.) Focke, called also Indian or Yellow Straw- berry. ~ 142 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 716. DULACIA, Vell. 1825. Muira-puama. Olacaceae. Syn. Liriosma, Poepp & Endl. 1842. Shrubs and small trees. About 12 species, S. America. a. D. ovata (Miers) Lyons (Liriosma ovata Miers.). Brazil. Muira-puama. A tree with fragrant wood. Root aphrodisiac. 717. DUPATYA, Vell. 1825. Pipewort. _ Eriocaulaceae. Named for M. Dupaty. Syn. Paepalanthus, Mart. 1830. Herbs. About 215 species, mostly of tropical America; 1 in Urs. ae 718. DURANTA, fi, - Duranta. - Verbenaceae. Named for Castor Durantes, botanical writer of 16th Century. Herbs, often thorny. About 8 species, mostly of America; 1 ini, S. 719. DURIO, Adans. - Durian. - Sterculiaceac. From the vernacular name. Trees. About 7 species, Hast Indies. a. D. zibethinus Murr. (D. stercoraceus Noronha). East Indies. Durian. Fruit esculent, delicious in flavor but of intolerable odor. 720. DYSODIA, Cav. (Dyssodia). Fetid Marigold. Composiiae. From Greek, ‘‘ill smelling’. Syn. Tagetes, Boebera, in part. Strong-smelling herbs with small flower-heads. About 15 species, mostly of Mexico; 3 in U.S. ‘ a. D. pappésa (Vent.) A. S. Hitchcock (T. papposa Vent., B. chrysanthemoides Willd.). Ohio to Nebraska, south to Mexico. Prairie-dog weed, Fetid Marigold, False Dog-fennel. 721. EASTWOODIA, Brandegee. Eastwoodia. Compositae. Herbs. One species in U. S. 722. EATONELLA, Gray. Eatonella. Compositae. Named for Prof. D. C. Eaton, American botanist. Floccose woolly annual. One species, California. 723. ECASTAPHYLLUM, P.Br. Ecastaphyllum. Papilionaceae. Shrubs. About 7 species, Africa and tropical America; 1 in U. 8. . 724. ECBALLIUM, A. Rich. (Ecbalium). Cucurbitaceae. From Greek, ‘‘squirting’’. Syn. Momordica, in part. Herbaceous vine. One species. a. E. Elatérium (L.) A. Rich. (M. Elaterium L., E. officinale Nees, E. agreste Reich., E. cordifolium Moench). Southern Europe. Squirting Cucumber, Wild Balsam-apple, Wild Cu- cumber; Ger. Eselsgurke, Springgurke, Eselsktirbiss, Spritz- gurke; Fr. Concombre sauvage (Codex) Concombre purgatif d’ ane; Sp. Cohambrilla amargo. Frwit; Ecballii fructus, Br., Cucumis asininus, v. agrestis; Purgative, source of Elaterinum, U.S. P., Br., Elaterin, a crystallizable neutral principle. - SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 143 725, ECHINOCACTUS, Link & Otto. Echinocactus. Cactaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hedgehog Cactus’. About 200 species, warm dry regions of New World; 25 in U. S. 726. ECHINOCEREUS, Engelm. Echinocereus. Cactaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘hedgehog Cereus’. About 45 species, warm and dry regions of New World; 29 in U.S. . 727, ECHINODORUS, Rich. Bur-head. Alismaceae. Syn. Sagittaria, Alisma, in part. Aquatic or marsh herbs. About 15 species, mostly American; 3 in U. S. 728. ECHINOPANAX, Dec. & Pl. Devil’s-club. Araliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hedgehog Panax’’. Syn. Fatsia, in part. A prickly shrub. One species, northwestern U. S. 729. ECHINOPEPON, Naud. Echinopepon. Cucurbitaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hedgehog Melon’’, Syn. Echinocystis, in part. Herbaceous vines, warmer regions N. America; 2 in U.S. 730, ECHITES, P. Br. Savannah-flower, ete. Apocynaceae. Syn. Prestonia, in part. Shrubby climbers, many ornamen- tal. About 100 species, tropical America; 4 in U. 8. a. E. acuminata R. & Pay. S. America. Cundurango de platano. Bark alterative. b. E. hirstitta R. & Pay. ([Prestonia hirsuta Muell (Kew)]. South America. Cundurango de paloma. Bark alterative. 781. ECHIUM, L. Viper’s Bugloss, ete. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘‘viper”. Hairy herbs with rather showy blue flowers. About 30 species, Old World. a. E. vulgare L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Viper’s Bugloss, Blue-weed, Blue Thistle, Blue-devils, Blue-stem, Blue Cat’s- tail, Viper’s-grass, Viper’s-herb, Snake-flower, Adderswort; Ger. Natterkopf; Fr. Vipérine. Plant diuretic, expectorant. From Greek, ‘‘wanting’’ (a pappus). Syn. Verbesina, in part. Inconspicuous herbs with small heads of whitish flowers. About 5 species, tropical; 1 nat. in U. S. 733. EDWINIA, Heller. Edwinia. Saxifragaceae. Syn. Jamesia, T. & Gr. Lowshrub. One species in south- central U. S. = 234. EHRETIA, L. - Ehretia. - Boraginaceae. : Named for G. D. Ehret, botanical painter, 18th Century. 4 _ Trees or shrubs. About 50 species, mostly tropical; 1 in U. 8. b , j 735. ELAEAGNUS, L. Silver-berry. Elaeagnaceae. From Greek, ‘‘sacred olive’. Shrubs or trees. About 20 species, Europe, Asia, Australia and N. America; 1 in U. S. a. E. argéntea Pursh. British America, south to Minnesota and Utah. Silver-berry. Fruit edible. (b) E. horténsis Bibers., Southern Europe to China, Trebizonde Date, and (c) E. umbellatus Thunb., Japan, yield also edible fruit. 144 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 736. ELAEIS, Jacq. - Oil Palm. - Sabalaceae. Greek name of Olive tree. Low palms. About 6 species, mostly of S. America, one African. a. E. Guineénsis Jacq. Western Africa, cult. in Brazil. Oil Palm, African Oil-palm. Fruit, source of palm oil, largely used for making soap. “, 787. ELAPHOMYCES, Fries. Hart’s Truffle. Tuberaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hart fungus’. Syn. Lycoperdont, Sclero- derma, in part. Underground fungi, resembling pufi-balls. a. E. cervinum (L.) Lyons (L. cervinum L., 8. cervinum Pers., E. granulatus Fries). Europe. Hart's Truffle, Hart’s-balls, Deer-balls, Rut-of-harts, Lycoperdon nuts, Puffball}; Ger. Hirschbrunst, Hirschtruffle; Fr. Truffede cerf. Fungus, Fun- gus (Boletus) cervinus, formerly reputed aphrodisiac. 738. ELAPHRIUM, Jacq. Mexican Elemi. Burseraceae. Syn. Bursera (Kew), in part. Trees or shrubs, tropical America. a. E. elemiferum Royle(B. elemifera J. Hook.). Mexico. Resin- ous ecudate, Mexican Copal, Mexican Elemi. See Canarium. 739. ELATINE, L. Waterwort, Mud Purslane. Elatinaceae. Greek plant name, meaning ‘‘fir like’. Small berbs with minute flowers. About 9 species, temperate and warm regions; 4in U.S. 740. ELATINOIDES, Weittst. 1891. Toad-flax. Scrophulariaceae, From Greek, ‘‘resembling Elatine’’. Syn. Elatine, Moench 1794, not L. 1753; Antirrhinum, Linaria, in part. Annual herbs. About 25 species, Old World. a. E. Elatine (L.) Wettst. (A. Elatine L., L. Elatine Mill. ). Asia and Europe, nat. in U. 8. Sharp-pointed Fluellin or Toad-flax, Canker-root, Cancerwort. b. E. sptria (L.) Wettst. (A. spurium L., L. spuria Mill.). ' Round-leaved Toad-flax, Cancerwort, Female Fluellin. 741. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. Elephant’s-foot. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘elephant’s-foot’’ or ‘“‘ivory foot’’. Perennial herbs. About 15 species; 3 in U. S. ; a. E. tementésus L. Southeastern U. S. Tobacco-weed, Devil’ s- grandmother. 742. ELETTARIA, Maton 1811. Cardamom. Zingiberaceae. Syn. Cardamomum Salisb. 1812 (Noronha, 1790); Amomum, Alpinia, Matonia, Reanalmia, in part. Herbs from a thick rhizome. About 10 species, East Indies, especially Java. a. E. répens (Sonn. ) Baill. (Am. repens Sonnerat, E. Cardamomum, Maton, (Kew), Alp. Cardamomum Roxb. Am. Cardamomum White, not Am. Cardamon L., M. Cardamomum Smith, R. Cardamomum Roscoe). Hindustan. Frwit; Cardamomum, U. S. P., Cardamomi semina Br., Fructus (semen) cardamomi Men a ct etl POR aes +o. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 145 (minoris), Cardamom seed, Cardamom-fruits, commercially di- vided into ‘‘shorts’’, ‘‘short-longs’’, ‘‘mediums’’ and ‘“‘longs’’, also distinguished as Malabar, Aleppy and Madras cardamoms; Ger. Kardamom, Kleiner Kardamom; Fr. Cardamome du Malabar, [petit et moyen] (Codex); Sp. Cardamomo menor; aromatic, carminative. [(b) E. major Smith,Ceylon, perhaps only a variety of (a), yields the Ceylon or long cardamoms; Fr. Cardamome de Ceylan, Grand Cardamome (Codex)]. See Amomum. 743. ELLIOTTIA, Muhl. Elliottia. Ericaceae. Named for Stephen Elliott, American botanist. Shrubs. Three known species, eastern Asia and N. America; 1 in south- eastern U. S. 744. EMBELIA, Burm. 1768. —_Embelia. Myrsinaceae. Syn. Ribesioides, L. 1744, Samara, L. 1771, not Sw. 1788. Shrubs. About 20 species, tropical Asia and Africa. a. E. Ribes Burm. (S. Ribes, Benth & Hook.). India. Embelia. Fruit highly aromatic, alterative, anthelmintic, adulterant of black pepper. 745. EMMENANTHE, Benth. Emmenanthe. Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘abiding flower’. Annual herbs with yellow or;yellowish flowers. About 7 species, California and Nevada. 746. EMORYA, Torr. _ Emorya. Loganiaceae. Named for Gen. W. H. Emory ( Mexican Boundary Survey). Shrubs with fragrant flowers. One species, Texas. 747. EMPETRUM, L. Crow-berry. Empetraceae. From Greek, ‘“‘rock plant’’. Sub-shrubs. Two species, one in high northern latitudes, the other of S. America; 1 in U. §. a. E. nigrum L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to New England, Michigan and California. Black Crow-berry, Heath-berry, Heath, Black-berried Heath, Monox Heather, _Crake-berry, Curlew-berry, Crow-pea, Wire Ling. Berries edible, used for dyeing. 748. ENCELIA, Adans. - Encelia. - Compositae. Named for Christopher Encel. Herbs or undershrubs with rather showy yellow flowers. About 25 species, Mexico and adjacent regions; 11 in U. §. 749. ENCEPHALARTOS, Lehm. Kafir-bread. Cycadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘bread pith’. Palm-like plants with short cylindrical or spherical trunks. About 20 species, South Africa. a. E. Caffer Mig. (E. Cycadis Sweet). South Africa. Hottentot Breadfruit, Kafir Bread. Farinaceous pith esculent. 750. ENGELMANNIA, T. &Gr. Engelmannia. Compositae, Named for Dr. Geo. Engelmann, botanist, St. Louis. Peren- nial herb. One species, southern U. 8S. and Mexico. go \ west 146 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 751. ENTADA, Adans. 1763. Sea Bean. Mimosaceae. Syn. Gigalobium P. Br. 1756; Mimosa, in part. Shrubby climbers. About 12 species, mostly of Africa and tropical Americ?s a. E. sedandens (L.) Benth. (M. scandens L.). East and West Indies. Sea Bean, Gogo (Philippines), Gandoo (Java), Faba marina. Plant acrid, containing saponin. 752. EPHEDRA, L. n Joint Fir. “ Gnetaceae. From Greek, ‘‘upon a seat’’. Shrubs, almost leafless. About 25 species, temperate regions; 7 in U. S. a. E. antisyphilitica C. A. Meyer. Joint Fir, Mountain Rush, Shrubby Horsetail. The branches of this and other species of the western U. S. known as Teamster’s Tea. Astringent, antisyphilitic. [From a Japanese species, perhaps (b) E. monospérma S. G. Gmel. (E. monostachya Turcz. ), is procur- ed a mydriatic alkaloid ephedrine.] , 753. EPIDENDRUM, L. Tree-orchis. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘upon a tree’, i. e. epiphytic. Epiphytes with a tuberous or creeping rhizome. More than 300 species, chiefly of S. America; 8 in U. S$. 754. EPIGAEA, L. Trailing Arbutus. Ericaceae. From Greek, ‘‘trailing’’. Evergreen prostrate shrubs. Two species, one in Japan, one in U. 8. a. E. répens L. Florida to Michigan and northward. Trailing Arbutus, Gravel-plant, May-flower, Shad-flower, Ground Laurel, Mountain Pink, Winter Pink, Crocus (N. Carolina). Leaves astringent, diuretic, like those of Uva Ursi. 755. EPILOBIUM, L. Willowhers. Onagraceae. From Greek, ‘‘upon a pod’’. Herbs, sometimes shrubby. About 65 species, especially of temperate zones; 40 in U. S. a. E. hirstitum L. Europe, adv. inU.8. Great or Hairy Willow- herb, Codlins-and-cream (so called from its acidulous odor), Fiddle-grass, Apple-pie, Cherry-pie, Gooseberry-pie. b. E. palustre L. Europe, Asia and N. America. Marsh or Swamp Willow-herb, Wickup. See Chamaenerion. 756. EPIPACTIS, Adans. Heleborine. Orchidaceae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Serapias, in part. Herbs with leafy stem and racemose flowers. About 10 species; 2 in U.S. a. E. viridifléra (Hoftm.) Reichb. (S. viridiflora Hoffm. E. Helleborine Gray, not L.). Europe, and in eastern U. S. (rare). Helleborine, Bastard Hellebore, naines given also to the European (b) E. lateriflora L., which this resembles. 757. EPIPREMNUM, Schott. (Tonga). Araceae. Syn. Rhaphidophora, in part. Shrubby climbers with aerial roots. About 8 species, East Indies to Polynesia. 7 fod SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 147 a. E. mirabile Schott. (R. Vitiensis Schott.). FijiIslands. Said to be one of the constituents of the Fiji drug called Tonga. 758. EQUISETUM, L. Horsetail, ete. Equisetaceae. Ancient Latin name, ‘‘horse bristle’, or ‘equal bristled’’. Plants of a primitive type. About 25 species; 14 in U. 8. a. E. arvénse L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Virginia and California. Field Horsetail, Bottle-brush, Cat’s-tail, Horse-pipe; Ger. Kleiner Schachtelhalm, Zinnkraut, Scheuerkraut, Dubock, Pferdschwanz. Plant, H. equiseti (minoris), diuretic. b. E. hyemale L. Europe, Asia and N. America, including U. S. Common Scouring-rush. The following names apply to this and other rough species; Dutch Rush, Gun-bright, Horse-pipe, Pewterwort, Polishing Rush, Rough Horsetail, Shave-grass; Ger. TischJerschachtelhalm, Polir-schachtelhalm. Stems, H. equeseti majoris, diuretic. wd ce. E. palustre L. Europe and northern N. America, south to New York and Arizona. Marsh Horsetail, Cat-whistles, Marsh Reed, Paddock-pipes, Snake-pipes Toad-pipes, Tad-pipes, the latter names also applied to other species. 759. ERANTHIS, Salisb. Winter Aconite. Ranuneulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘flower of spring”. Syn. Cammarum, Helle- borus, in part. Herbs from tuberous rootstocks. About 5 species, Europe and Asia. a. E. hyemalis (L.) Salisb. (H. hyemalis L., C. hyemale (L.) Greene, Heller’s catalogue). Europe, cult. and adv. in U. §. Winter Aconite, Winter Hellebore, Christmas-flower, Wolf’ s- bane. 760. ERECHTITES, Raf. Fire-weed. Compositae. Ancient Greek name of groundsel, ‘‘rending”. Syn. Senecio, in part. Herbs. About 12 species, America and Australasia; lin U.S. ‘ a. E. hieracifolia (L.) Raf. (S. hieracifolius L.). British Amer- ica to Nebraska, Louisiana and Mexico, also S. America. Fire-weed, Pilewort. Herb, emollient, astringent. 761. EREMIASTRUM, Gray. Eremiastrum. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘desert Aster”. Small winter annuals. Two species, Arizona to California. 762. EREMINULA, Greene. Ereminula. Compositae. Syn. Dimeresia, Gray. Herb. One species in Oregon. 763. EREMOCARPUS, Benth. Eremocarpus. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, “solitary fruited’’. Rank-smelling herb. One species, California. a. E. setigerus Benth. California. Ginger-leaf. Plant, carmina- tive, febrifuge. . _ 148 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 764. EREMOCARYA, Greene. Eremocarya. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘‘desert nut”. Syn. Krynitzkia, in part. Herbs. Two species in western U. S. 765. ERICA, L. - Heath, Heather. - Ericaceae.. The ancient Greek name. Smallshrubs. About 400 species, Old World, especially S. Africa. a. E. arborea L. Mediterranean region. Tree Heath. Wood used for brier-root pipes. b. E. einérea L. Europe, adv. in U. 8. Scotch Heath or Heather, Bell Ling, Carline Heather, Cat-Heather, Crow Ling, Black Heath, She-Heather. ‘ ce. E. Tétralix L. Europe. Small Heath, Father-of-heath; Bell, Besom or Broom Heath, Honey-bottle, Carlin or Ringe Heather. 766. ERICAMERIA, Gray. Ericameria. Compositae. Syn. Aplopappus, in part. Evergreen undershrubs with heath-like foliage and yellow flowers. About 10 species, south- western U.S. 767. ERIGENIA, Nutt. Harbinger-of-spring. Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘spring born’’. Syn. Sison, in part. Peren- nial herb. One species, U. 8. a. E. bulbésa (Michx.) Nutt.(S. bulbosum Michx.). Canada and northeastern U. S. Harbinger-of-spring, Pepper-and-salt, Turkey-pea*. 768. ERIGERON, L. - Erigeron. - Compositae. From Greek, “early old’. Syn. Asterf, Doronicum}, in part. Herbs. About 130 species, most abundant in New World; more than 100 in U.S. a. E. annuus (L.) Pers. (A. annuus L.). Canada to Virginia and Missouri. Sweet Scabious ( U. 8. ), Daisy-Fleabane, Lace-button. b. E. Philadélphicus L. Throughout North America. Philadel- phia Fleabane, Sweet Scabious*, Skevish, Daisy-Fleabane, Daisy*. c. E. pulchéllus Michx. (E. bellidifolius Muhl.). Ontario to Florida and west to Minnesota. Robin’s Plantain, Poor Robin’s Plantain, Robert’s Plantain, Rose-Betty, Blue Spring- Daisy. ‘ d. E. pimilus Nutt. Utah to Nebraska and northward. Low Erigeron, Daisy (of western plains). e. E. ramésus ( Walt.) B. S. P. (D. ramosum Walt., E. strigosus. Muhl.). Canada to Florida and Texas. Common Daisy-Flea- bane. 769. ERIOBOTRYA, Lind. Loquat. Pomaceae. Syn. Photinia, Mespilus, in part. Shrubs or trees. About. 10 species, southern and eastern Asia. / SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 149 a. E. Japonica (Thunb. ) Lind. (M. Japonica Thunb., P. Eriobot- ryaJ. Hook.). China and Japan. Loquat (China), Luk-. wati, Dukwat, Loquat Plum, Japan Plum (southern U. §&.), Japanese Medlar, Biwa (Bywa, Pipa), Kuskuhe (Japan). Fruit esculent. 770. ERIOCARPUM, Nutt. Eriocarpum. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘woolly fruit’. Syn. Aplopappus and Amel- lus, in part. Herbs and shrubs. About 10 species, all Amer- ican; 9in U. S. 771. ERIOCAULON, L. Pipewort. Eriocaulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘woolly stem”. Syn. Nasmythia, in part. Aquatic or bog herbs with heads of minute flowers. About 110 species, tropical and warm regions; 5 in U. §. 772. ERIODICTYON, Benth. (Eriodyction). Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘woolly net”. Syn. Wigandia, in part. Bal- samic shrubs. Three species, California to Arizona. a. E. Californicum (H. & A.) Greene (W. Californica H. & A., E. glutinosum Benth.). California to northern Mexico. Yerba Santa, Consumptive’s-weed, Bear’s-weed, Mountain Balm, Gum plant, Tar-weed*. Leaves; Eriodictyon, U. 8. P.; expectorant; masks bitterness of quinine. 778. ERIOGONUM, Michx. Eriogonum. _ Polygonaceae. From Greek, ‘‘wool joint’. Herbs, some suffruticose. About 200 species, western N. America; 167 in U. S. The name Wild Buckwheat is given to some species. 774. ERIOPHORUM, | ies Cotton-grass. Cyperaceae. From Greek, ‘‘wool bearing”. Bog sedges, the flower-heads conspicious with the bristles forming the perianth. About 15 species, north temperate zone; 10 in U.S. a. E. yaginatum L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Sheathed Cotton-grass?, Canna-down, Cat-locks, Cat’s-tails, Davy-whiteyeads, Hare’s-tail, Rush or Cotton-grass. Other names not confined to this species, are Cotton Rush, Draw-Ling, Flors-seave, Moor-pawm (i. e. palm), Moss-crop, Pull-Ling. 775. EROPHYLLUM, Lag. Erophyllum. Compesitae. From Greek, woolly leaf’. Mostly floccose herbs, some shrubby. About 20 species, southwestern U. S. and Mexico. 776. ERITHALIS, L. - Erithalis - Rubiaceae. Ancient Greek plant-name. Shrubs. About 5 species, West Indies; 1 in Florida. 777. ERODIUM, L’Her. Stork’s-bill, etc. Geraniaceae. From Greek, ‘‘heron”. Syn. Geranium, in part. Herbs. About 60 species, widely distributed; 3 native in U. S. a. E. Cicutarium (L.)L’ Her. (G. Cicutarium L.). Europe and Asia, widely nat. in U. S. Common Stork’s-bill, Hemlock Stork’s-bill or Heron’s-bill, Pin Clover, Pin-weed, Pin-grass, Pine-needle, Pink-needle, Powk-needle, Stick-pile, Alfilaria [Alfilarilla, Filaree] (California). Plant astringent, diuretic: 150 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. E. moschatum Willd. mics ady. in U.S. Muti Heron’ s- ; bill, Covey, Sweet Covey, Muscovy Musk, Ground-needle, Pick-needle, Pink-needle. Plant diaphoretic. 778. EROPHILA, DC. 1821. | Whitlow-grass. _ Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘spring loving’. Syn. Gansblum, Adans. 1763; Draba, inpart. Herbs. About 6 species, Europe to Asia Minor. a. E. vérna (L.) E. Meyer (D. verna L., E. Draba Schimp. & Spen., E. vulgaris DC.). Europe, nat. in U. S. | Vernal Whitlow-grass, Faverel, Nailwort, Shad-flower, White-blow. 779. ERNODEA, Swz. > Ernodea. - Rubiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘sprouting’’ or ‘‘branching’’. Procumbent shrub. One species, Florida. 780. ERTELA, Adans. 1763. Ertela. Rutaceae. Syn. Monnieria L. 1759, Moniera Loefl. 1758 (not Monniera or Moniera, B. Juss. 1756), Aubletia, Rich. 1807. Herbs. About 2 species, S. America; (a) E. trifolia (L.) Lyons (Monnieria trifolia L., A. trifolia Rich.). One of the Brazil- ian plants.known as Jaborandi. 781. ERYNGIUM, L. Eryngo, Briery Thistle, etc. Umbelliferae. Ancient Greek name of a thistle-like plant. Herbs with prickly leaves. About 150 species, widely distributed; 27 in | ORS _ a. E. aquaticum L. (E. yuccefolium Michx.). New Jersey to Flo- rida and Texas. Water Eryngo, Rattlesnake’s-master, Button Snakeroot, Corn Snakeroot, Rattlesnake Flag, Rattlesnake- weed. Root acrid-aromatic, diaphoretic, expectorant, emetic. [ Other species are credited with similar properties. | b. E. campéstre L. Europe. Field Eryngo, Hundred-headed Thistle, Fever-weed; Ger. Mannstreu, Brachdistel, Krausdis- tel; Fr. Chardon, Roland, Panicaut (Codex). Root diuretic. c. E. maritimam L. Europe. Sea Holly, Sea Hulver, Sea Eryngo. J leshy roots formerly candied, aromatic, expectorant, diuretic. 782. ERYSIMUM, L. Erysimum, ete. Cruciferae. Greek name of hedge-mustard. Syn. Cheiranthus (adopted in Heller’s catalogue). Herbs. About 100 species, north tem- perate zone, especially Old World; 18 in U. S. —' E. asperum DC. (E. lanceolatum Pursh, E. Arkansanum Nuitt., C. Arkansanus (Nutt. ) Greene). Ohio to Texas and northwest to Pacific Coast. | Western Wallflower, Yellow Phlox, Orange Mustard, Prairie Rocket. b. E. cheiranthoides L. Europe and British America, south to Pennsylvania. Treacle Mustard, Wormseed Mustard, Treacle Wormseed, Tarrify. Plant anthelmintic, stomachic. ! SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 151 783. ERYTHRAEA, Neck. Centaury. Gentianaceae. From Greek, ‘‘red’’, the color of the flowers in some species. Syn. Gentiana, Cicendia, Schultesia, in part. Bitter herbs. — About 50 species; 10 indig. in U. S., mostly in the west. a. E. Ceniatirium (L.) Pers. (G. Centaurium L.). Europe, adv. in U.S. Lesser Centaury, European Centaury (Sanctuaryt), Bitter-herb, Bloodwort, Christ’s-ladder, Feltrike, Feverfew*, Earth-gall, Mountain Flax; Ger. Tausendguldenkraut, Rother Aurin; Fr. Petite Centaurée (Codex); Sp. Centaura menor. Herb; H. centaurii (minoris); bitter tonic. b. E. Chilénsis Pers., (c) E. stricta Schlecht, (d) E. Jorullénsis Kunth [S. stenophylla Mart. (Kew) ] and perhaps other species of S. America and Mexico are called Canchalagua; properties of (a). 784, ERYTHRINA, L. Coral tree. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘red’’ the color of the seeds. Trees or shrubs with showy crimson or scarlet blossoms and red seeds. About 45 species, tropical or sub-tropical; 2 in U. S. a. E. Corallodéndron L. Brazil. Coral-tree. Bark anodyne, expectorant. Leaves diuretic, laxative. b. E. Muliingu Mart. Brazil. Bark hypnotic, anodyne. 785. ERYTHRONIUM, L. —Adder’s-tongue, ete. Liliaceae. Greek name of a plant having ‘‘red’”’ flowers. Two-leaved herbs from a corm. About 14 species, mostly of N. America; - 11nd Ss. a. E. albidum Nutt. Ontario to Tennessee and Texas. White Adder’s-tongue, Spring Lily. To this and other species are applied many of the synonyms under (b). b. E. Americanum Ker. (E. angustatum Raf., E. bracteatum ~ Bigel.). Canada and eastern U.S. Yellow or Common Ad- der’s-tongue, Adder’s-leaf, Adder’s Violet, Dog’s-tooth Violet, Deer’s-tongue, Lamb’s-tongue, Rattlesnake’s Violet, Scrofula- root, Trout Lily, Trout-flower, Yellow-bells, Yellow Lily, Yellow Snake-leaf, Yellow’Snowdrop. Plant reputed altera- tive, emetic. 786. ERYTHROPHLOEUM, Afzel. Sassy-bark. Mimosaceae. Syn. Fillaea, in part. Trees. About 5 species, tropical — a Africa, Asia and Australia, a. E. Guineénse Don. (FE. ordale Bolle, E. judiciale Procter, F. _suaveolens Guil. et Perrot.). Central and west Africa. Red Water-tree. Bark, Sassy-bark, Saucy-bark, Mancona-bark; Ger. Manconarinde; Fr. Ecorce de Mangone. Used in Africa as an ordeal- and arrow-poison; narcotic, emeto-cathartic, dia- phoretic, febrifuge. ' 787. ERYTHROXYLON, L. Coca. Erythroxylaceae. From Greek, ‘‘red wood’’. Shrubs and trees. About 70 species, tropical America, a few in Africa and Asia. 152 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. E. Céca Lam. Peru, Bolivia, etc. Coca, Cuca, Hayo, Ipado, Spadie. (Principal varieties, Huanaco from Bolivia and Truxillo from Peru, the latter derived from E. Coca var. Spruceanum Burck.). Leaves: Coca, U. S. P., Erythroxylon, U. 8. 1880; Cocae Folia, Br., Fol. erythroxyli (coce.); Ger. Cocablitter; Fr. Coca (Codex), Feuilles de Coca; Local anaesthetic, stimu- lant, nervine. Source of cocaine. 788. ESCHSCHOLTZIA, Cham. California Poppy.Papaveraceae. Named for T. F. van Eschscholtz, German naturalist, d. 1831. Highly ornamental herbs with dissected leaves and yel- low flowers. About 20 species, California. 789. ESENBECKIA, H. B. K. Brazilian Angostura. Rutaceae. Syn. Evodia, in part. Trees. About 17 species, tropical regions, New World. a. E. febrifuga Juss. (Evodia febrifuga St. Hil.). Brazil. Bra- zilian Angostura. Bark bitter tonic; contains, besides esen- beckine, an alkaloid (quinovine) analagous to quinine, found also in some cinchona barks. 790. EUCALYPTUS, Ll Hér. Gum tree. Myrtaceae. From Greek, ‘‘well veiled’. Trees with thick leathery leaves. About 150 species, Australia and neighboring islands, many furnishing very hard, tough and durable timber. a. E. amygdalina Labill. ‘Southeast Australia. Brown Pepper- mint-tree, White Peppermint-tree, Giant Gum-tree, Swamp Gum-tree, Australian Mountain Ash. [The tallest of trees, un- less it be the giant Sequoias of California. One has been measur- ed which was 471 ft. high. Yields more volatile oil than any other species, but containing no eucalyptol. | b. E. corynocalyx F. Muell. South Australia. Sugar Gum-tree. Foliage sweetish, browsed on by cattle and sheep. c. E. glébulus Labill. Victoria and Tasmania. Blue Gum-tree (incorrectly written Blue-gum tree); Ger. Vielehenbaum. Leaves; Eucalyptus, U.S. P., Folia eucalypti; Ger. Eucalyptus- blatter; Fr. (Feuilles d’) Eucalyptus (Codex); antiseptic, as- tringent, febrifuge [The treeis much planted in Italy, Al- geria and elsewhere to dispel malaria. The volatile ow is official, although the yield of oil is much smaller than in (a).] | d. E. Leueéxylon F. Muell.(E. sideroxylon A. Cunn. ). Victoria, etc. Iron-bark tree. Bark very rich in kino tannin. Wood stronger even than hickory. \ 7 e. E. rostrata Schlecht. Southern and central Australia. Red- Botany Bay Kino, called also Red Gum, astringent, like Malabar Kino. Other species yielding kino are (f) E. corym- bésa Sm., Bloodwood tree, (g) E. ealophylla R. Br. and (h) E. piperita Sm., Peppermint tree. : gum tree. Hxudate; Eucalypti Gummi Br., Australian =f a ee SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 153 i. E. viminalis Labill. Southeast Australia. Manna Gum-tree. Exudate Australian Manna, which is also obtained occasionally from (j) E. goniocalyx F. Muell., and (k) E. Gunni J. Hook- er, Cider tree. Other Eucalypts worthy of note are (1) E. cornita Labill., Yate tree; (m) E. diversicolor F. Muell., Karri tree; (n) E. gomphioecéphala DC., Tooart tree; (0) E. longifolia Link., ’ Woolly-butt tree; (p) E. marginataSm., Jarrah, Australian or Bastard Mahogany (timber resists teredo); (q) E. microcorys F. Muell., Tallow-wood tree, Stringy-bark tree; (r) E. obliqua L’ Her., Messmate tree (the Common Stringy-bark tree of T’as- mania); (s) E. odorata Behr., Peppermint tree (of south Aus- tralia); (t) E. oleésa F. Muell., Mallee tree (very rich in vola- tile oil); (u) E. pilularis Sm., Black-butt tree, Mountain Ash; (v) E. polyanthema Schauer, Red Box tree, Australian Lignum Vitae; (w) E. populifélia Hook., Bembil, Shining- leaved Box Eucalyptus; (x) E. punetata DC., Leather-jacket, Hickory Eucalyptus; (y) E. resinifera Sm., Red or Forest Mahogany (erroneously named as source of Australian Kino); (z) E. robusta Sm., Swamp or White Mahogany; (aa) KE. salibris F. Muell., Gimlet-wood, Fluted Gum-tree; (bb) E. Sieberiana F. Muell., (E. virgata, Sieber), “Mountain Ash, in Tasmania called Gum-top or Iron-bark tree; (cc) E. Stuarti- ana F. Muell., Apple-scented Gum-tree; (dd) E. terminalis F. Muell., Bloodwood tree (of northern Australia). [Honey pro- duced from the flowers of Eucalyptus possesses active medicinal properties, antipyretic, antiseptic, ete. | 791. EUCEPHALUS, Nutt. Aster. Compositae. From Greek, with ‘‘fine (flower) heads’. Syn. Aster, in part. Herbs resembling Aster. About 10 species, all of U. S. 792, EUCHARIDIUM, Fisch. & Mey. Eucharidium.Onagraceae. Annual herbs with red flowers. Two species, California. 798. EUCHEUMA, Agardh. Agar-Agar. Gelidiaceae. Sea weeds allied to Gelidium q. v. About 18 species, warm- er seas. a. E. gelatinase Agardh, (b) E. spindsum Agardh. Indian Ocean. Macassar or Celebes Agar-agar, Jelly plant. The source (in part) of Japanese or Chinese gelatin or isinglass. Used as a culture medium by bacteriologists. See Gelidium and Sphaero- coccus. ' 794. EUCNIDE, Zucc. - Euenide. - Loasaceae. From Greek, “nettle sure’. Syn. Mentzelia, in part. Herbs. Three known species, all of southwestern U. 8. 795. EUCRYPTA, Gray. Eucrypta. Hydrophytlaceae. From Greek, ‘‘well concealed’. Syn. Ellisia, in part. Herbs. Three species, southwestern U. 8. 796. EUGENIA, Micheli. Clove-tree, etc. Myrtaceae. Named for Baines Eugene of Savoy, d. 1736. Syn. Caryo- phyllus, Calyptranthes, Syzygium, Myrtus, in part. Treesand shrubs. More than 500 species, tropical regions, Old and New World; 7 in U.S. See Jambos. 154 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. E. aromatica (L.) O.Kze., not Berg. (Caryophillus aromaticus. M. Caryophullus Spreng., M. caryophyllata Thunb. ). Molucca Islands, cult. in many tropical countries. Clove-tree; Ger. Gewiirznelkenbaum; Fr. Giroflier. Flower buds, Cloves; Caryophyllus, U.S. P., Caryophyllum, Br., Caryophylli, P. G., Caryophylli aromatici; Ger. Gewiirznelken, Gewiirznigelein; Fr. Girofle (Codex), Clous aromatiques; Sp. Clavos de especia; carminative, counter-irritant, much used as a condiment. Source of oil of cloves. Flower stalks, Clove stalks; Festucae (Fusti) caryophyllorum; Ger. Nelkenstiele, Nelkenholz; Fr. Griffe de girofle. Fruit, Mother Cloves; Anthophylli; Ger. _ Mutternelken; Fr. Méres de girofles, Clous matrices. (b) E. Chéquen Mol. (E. Chekan DC., M. Cheken Spreng. ). Chili. Cheken, Chekan, Chequen. Leaves aromatic, as- tringent. ce. E. Jambolana Lam. (S. Jambolanum DC., Cal. Jambolana Willd. ). East Indies and Oceanica. rwit esculent. Seeds used in dia- betes mellitus. Several species of Eugenia produce edible fruits, notably; (d) E. cordifélia Wight, Ceylon; (e) E, Hallii Berg., Bolivia; (f) E. mabaeoides Wight, Ceylon; (g) E. Nhanica Cambes., Brazil; (h) E. pyriformis Cambes., the Uvalho do Campo of Brazil, and (i) E. revolita Wight, Ceylon. Species found in Florida and the West Indies are, (j) E. buxifolia (Swz.) Willd., Spanish Stopper, Gurgeon Stopper; (k) E. monticola (Swz.) DC., White Stopper, with edible fruit; (1) E. précera (Swz.) Poir., Stopper; (m) E. Garberi Sarg., Red Stopper. 797. EULOBUS, Nutt. - Eulobus. - Onagraceae. From Greek, ‘‘well podded”. A slender annual. One spe- cies, California. 798. EULOPHIA, R. Br. Eulophia. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘well crested’’. Epiphytal or terrestria. orchids. About 80 species, tropical Asia, America and espe- cially southern Africa. a. EK. campéstris Wall., and (b) E. herbacea Lind. Central Asia. Tubers were formerly imported as salep. 799. EULOPHUS, Nutt. Eulophus. Umbelliferae. From Greek, “well plumed’’. Perennial herbs from tuberous. roots. About 5 species, all of U. $., mostly western. 800. EUNANUS, Gray. Eunanus. Scrophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dwarf”. Syn. Mimulus, in part. Low vis- e'd or glandular-pubescent annuals. About 26 species, Cali- _ fornia to Utah. 801. EUONYMUS, L. (Evonymus). Wahoo, ete. Celastracez. Ancient Greek name, meaning ‘‘honored’’ or ‘“‘lucky’’. Shrubs. About 65 species, north temperate zone; 6 in U. S. a. E. Americanus L. New York to Florida and west to Texas. Strawberry bush, Strawberry shrub, Burning-bush, Fish-wood. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 155 b. E. atropurptireus Jacq. Ontario and eastern U. §8., west to Montana. Wahoo (Waahoo, Wauhoo, Whahoo), Burning- bush, Bursting-heart, Indian Arrow-wood, Strawberry tree or bush, American Spindle-tree, Bitter Asht. Bark of rool; Enonymus, U.S. P., Cort. euonymi; bitter, tonic, laxative, cholagogue. c. E. Europaéus L. Europe, adv. in U.S. Spindle-tree, Arrow- beam, Butcher’s-prick tree, Cat tree, Gaiter tree, Gatten, Gat- teridge, Louse-berry tree; the tough wood called Peg-wood, Prick-timber, Prick-wood, Skewer-wood, Dog-wood*, Wit«h- wood; Ger. Spillbaum, Spindelbaum, Pfaffenhiitchen; Fr. Fusain, Bonnet de prétre. Seeds emetic, purgative, insecticide. 802. EUPATORIUM, L. Thoroughwort, etc. Compositae. Greek name of Agrimony, after Mithridates surnamed Eupa- tor. Syn. Artemisiaf, Conoclinium, in part. Perennial herbs with small flower heads. About 575 species, mostly of warmer regions; 46 in U. 8. a. E. ageratoides L. f. Canada to Georgia and west to Nebraska and Louisiana. White Snake-root, White Sanicle, Indian Sanicle, Deerwort Boneset, Poolwort, Pool-root, Rich-weed, Squaw-weed, Stevia. Root aromatic, diuretic, vulnerary. b. E. aromaticum L. Massachusetts to Florida. Smaller White Snake-root, Wild Hoarhound, Pool-root, Poolwort. Root aro- matic, diuretic, anti-spasmodie. ce. E. canndbinum L. Europe. Hemp Agrimony, Bastard or Dutch Agrimony, Water Agrimony, Bastard Hemp, Hemp- weed, Water-Hemp, Raspberries-and-cream, Sweet-smelling Trefoilf, Water-maudlin, Andurion{t; Ger. Wasserdost, Hirsch- klee, Wasserhanf. d. E. capillifolium (Lam.) Small (A. capillifolia Lam., E. foeni- culoides Walt. E. foeniculaceum Willd.). Virginia to Florida and West Indies. Dog Fennel, Hog-weed. e. E, coelestinum L. (Conoclinium coelestinum DC.). NewJersey to Florida and Texas. Mist-flower, Blue Boneset. Plant anti-spasmodic, expectorant. f. E. glutinésum Lam. S. America. One of several plants known as Matico or Yerba del soldado (Soldier's herb.) See Piper angustifolium, : g. E. leucélepis T. & G. New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana. Justice-weed, White-bracted Thoroughwort. The name Justice-weed is applied also to (h) E. hyssopifélium L., Massa- chusetts to Texas. i. E. perfolidtum L. (E. connatum Michx.). Canada to Florida and west to Texasand Nebraska. Boneset, Common Thorongh- wort, Thorough-stem, Thorough-wax, Thorow-wax or Through- 156 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS wax (i.e. ‘“‘growing through’’ or perfoliate), Indian Sage, Wild Sage, Ague-weed, Crosswort, Feverwort, Vegetable Antimony, Sweating-plant; Ger. Durchwachsdost, Durchwachs- ener Wasserdost oder Wasserhanf;Fr.Eupatoire perfoliée, Herbe a fievre, Herbe parfaite; Sp. Eupatorio. Leaves and flowering tops, Eupatorium U. S. P., Herba eupatorii perfoliati; bitter, tonic, febrifuge, diaphoretic. j. E. purpureum L. (E. trifoliatum L.). British America, south to Florida and Utah. Queen-of-the-meadow, Joe-Pye weed, Gravel-root, Indian Gravel-root, King-of-the-meadow, Marsh Milk-weed, Motherwort, N igger-weed, Quillwort*, Purple Boneset; Slunkweed, Tall Boneset, Trumpet-weed. Root diure- tic, astringent. Closely related to this is (k) E. maculatum L. Virginia to New York. Spotted Joe-Pye weed, Spotted Boneset, Spotted Eyebright. i. E. rotundifélium L. Eastern U. S. Wild Hoarhound, Round- leaved Thoroughwort. m. E. triplinérve Vahl. (E. Aya-pana Vent. ). Brazil. Aya-pana, Nyapana; Ger. Heilsamer Wasserdost; Fr. Aya-pana (Codex). Leaves diaphoretic, diuretic, antidote to snake-poison. Plant rich in tannin. n. E. verbenaefélium Michx. (E. pilosum Walt., E. teucrifolium Willd. ). Eastern U.S. Rough Thoroughwort or Boneset, Vervain Thoroughwort, Wild Hoarhound. S03. EUPHORBLIA, L Spurge. Euphorbiaceae. Greek name of an African plant, named for Euphorbos, King Juba’s physician. Syn. Tithymalus, in part. Herbs or shrubs. About 700 species, warmer parts of temperate zones; 118 in 8 BP) a. E. corollata L. Canada and eastern U.S. Flowering Spurge, Blooming or Large-flowering Spurge, Apple-root, Bowman’s- root, Emetic-root, Milk Ipecac, Milkweed*, Milk Purslane or Pursley, Snake-milk, Purging-root, White Purslane, Wild Hippo (Hipp). Root of this and of (f); Euphorbia, U.S. P. 1880; Emeto-cathartic, diaphoretic, irritant. b. E. Cyparissias L. Europe, adv. in U. S. Cypress Spurge, Cypress*, Balsam Spurge, Bonaparte’ s-crown, Graveyard-weed, Irish Moss*, Kiss-me-quick, Quacksalver’s Spurge, Tree Moss, Welcome-to-our-house. c. E. Esula L. Europe, adv. in U.S. Leafy Spurge, Faitour’s- grass, Tithymal. _ 4d. E. Helioseépia L. Europe, nat. in U.S. Sun Spurge, Wart Spurge, Wart-weed, Wart-grass, Wartwort, Cat’s-milk, Churn- staff, Devil’s-milk, Mouse-milk, Mad-woman’s-milk, Wolf’s- milk, Little-good (Scotland), Saturday’s-pepper, Seven-sisters, Sun-weed, Turnsole*. Juice acrid, formerly used to cure warts. e. E. heterodéxa Muell. Brazil. Juice, leite d’ Alveloz iret ana milk), acrid, escharotic; applied to cancroids, ete. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 157 f. E. Ipecacuanha L. Atlantic border of U.S. Ipecac Spurge, American or Carolina Ipecac, Milk or Spurge Ipecac, White or Wild Ipecac, Wild Hippo, Black Spurge. See (a). ; g. E. Lathyris L. (T. Lathyris Scop.). Europe, nat. in U. S. Caper Spurge, Caper bush, Wild Caper, Catapuce (Chaucer), Garden or Myrtle Spurge, Gopher plant, Anti-gopher plant, Mole plant, Mole tree, Springwort, Wolf’s-milk; Fr: Epurge (Codex). Seeds Sem. cataputiae minoris, Sem. lathyridis majoris, Grana regia majora; Ger. Kleine Springkérner, Kleine Purgirkérner; drastic cathartic. Yields an oil resembling Croton oil. h. E. maculata L. Throughout most of N. America. Spotted or Blotched Spurge, Black Spurge, Spotted Purslane ( Pursley ), Black or Milk Purslane, Milkweed*, Spotted Eyebright. i. E. marginata Pursh. Minnesota to Texas. Variegated or White-margined Spurge, Mountain-snow, Snow-on-the-moun- tain. j. E. nutans Lag. (E. hypericifolia A. Gray, not L., E. Preslii Guss. ). Large Spotted-spurge, Upright Spotted or Blotched Spurge, with other synonyms of (h). k.sE. Péplus L. Europe, adv. in U.S. Pretty Spurge, Devil’s- milk, Seven-sisters, Wart-weed. 1. E. pilulifera L. India, Australia and widely distributed in tropical countries. Pill-bearing Spurge. Plant reputed: a specific in asthma. m. E. prostrata Ait. Arizona. Prostrate Spurge, Swallowwort, Gallindrinera. Reputed an infallible cure for snake bites. n. E. resinifera Berg. Morocco. Gum resin; Euphorbium P. G., Gummi v. Resina euphorbium; Ger. Euphorbium; Fr. Gomme- resine d’ Eupnorbe (Codex); Sp. Euforbio; drastic cathartic, sternutatory, chiefly used as a counter-irritant. 804. EUPHRASIA, Ti Eyebright. Serophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘delight’’ or ‘‘good cheer’. Low parasitic herbs. About 110 species, temperate and cooler regions; 3 in U.S a. E. officinalis L. Europe. Eyebright, Eyewort, Euphrasy;Ger. Augentrost; Fr. Euphraise; Sp. Eufrasia. Plant astringent; formerly used in ophthalmia. 805. EUROTIA, Adans. Eurotia. Chenopodiaceae. From Greek, “hoary” or ‘“‘mouldy’’. Syn. Diotis, in part. Herbs or low shrubs. Two species, one of Euro-Asia, one of western N. America, viz. (a) E. lanata (Pursh) Mogq., called White Sage and Winter-fat. 806. EURYTAENIA, T. & Gr. (Eurytenia). Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘well filleted’’. Herb. One species, south- western U. S. _ 158 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 807. EUSTOMA, Salish. Canada-pest. Gentianaceae. From Greek, “‘open mouthed’. Syn. Lisianthus, in part. Glaucous annual herbs. Two species, southern U. S. and Mexico. (a) E. Russellianum (L.) Griseb. is called Canada- pest. 808. EUTERPE, Gaertn. Assai Palm. Sabalaceae. Dedicated to the muse, Euterpe. Slender graceful palms. About 20 species, South America. a. E. édulis Mart. Brazil. Assai Palm. Fruit esculent, used for preparing assai, an important article of food in Para. 809. EUTHAMIA, Nutt. Fragrant Golden-rod. Compositae. From Greek, * ‘closely crowded’, of the flower-heads. Chrysocoma, Solidago, in part. Perennial herbs with corymb- ed heads. Four species, all of U. S. a. E. Caroliniana (L.) Greene. Eastern U.S. Slender Fragrant Golden-rod, Quobsque-weed. b. E. graminifélia (L.) Nutt. (S. lanceolata L.). Canada and eastern U.S. Flat-top, Frags ant or Bushy Golden-rod. 810. EUTREMA, 1 Eutrema. - Cruciferae. Perennial herbs. About 10 species, Arctic and Alpine re- gions, chiefly of northern hemisphere; 4 in U. S. 811. EVODIA, - - Evodiaa - - Rutaceae. Small trees or shrubs. About 30 species, Australia and East Indian Islands. See Esenbeckia. a. E, rutaecarpa Hook. f. & Thouars. Japan. Unripe fruits and stems purgative, emmenagogue. $12. EY OLVULUS, L Evolvulus. Convolyulaceae. From Latin, “anrolling’’. ’. Herbs, erect or diffuse. About 85 species, tropical and sub-tropical; 8 in U. 8. mostly south- ern. 813. EXCOECARIA, L. Exceecaria. Euphorbiaceae. From Latin, “‘blinding’’, alluding to acrid quality of the juice. Shrubs or small trees. About 50 species, India and tropical America. See Stillingia. a. E. Agallocha L. India to Polynesia. Formerly erroneously be- lieved to be source of lign aloes. Milk juice, Tiger’s-milk, acrid, escharotic. See Aquilaria. 814. EXIDIUM, Fries. Jew’s-ear. © Helvellaceae. Syn. Peziza, Hirneola, in part. Cup-like saprophytic fungi. a. E. Auricula-Juidae Fries (P. Auricula L., H. Auricula-Judae Auct.). Europe. Jew’s-ear Fungus, Jew’s-ear, Elder Fungus; Ger. Hollunderschwamm, Judasohr. The entire fungus, Fun- gus sambuci, Auricula Judae; emollient, formerly reputed hydragogue. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. ; 159 $15. EXOGONIUM, Choisy. Jalap. _ Convolvyulaceae. Syn. Ipomoea, Convolvulus, in part. Perennial, more or less shrubby twiners. About 15 species, tropical America. a. E. Purga (Wend.) Lind. (C. Purga Wend., I. Purga Hayne, I. Schiedeana Zucc., not Ham., I. Jalapa Schiede & Deppe, not L., E. Jalapa Baill., E. dumosum Benth.). Mexico and cult. in India and Jamaica. Jalap, True Jalap. Tubers; Jalapa. U. S. P., Br., Tubera jalapae, P. G., Rad. jalapae; Ger. Jalapenknollen, Jalape, Jalappenwurzel; Fr. Jalap tubé- » reux ou officinal (Codex); Sp. Jalapa; hydragogue cathartic. Several allied species yield purgativé tubers, notably (b) E. Jalapa (L.) Hayne (Cony. Jalapa L., not I. Jalapa Pursh) of Mexico, and in Brazil roots known as Purga, Batata Pur- gante, Jalapinha, Jeticuci and Emburerembo, some of these from allied genera. The Mexican Mechoacan root (Rad. mechoacanna) is also from an allied plant. See Ipomoea, (1) and (n). 816. EXOSTEMA, Rich. (Exostemma). Rubiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘with exserted stamens’. Syn. Cinchona, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 30 species, tropical America; 1 in U. 8. a. E. Caribaéum (Jacq.) R. & S. (C. Caribaea Jacq.). Florida and West Indies. Prince-wood, Seaside Beech. Bark, Cari- baean or Caribbee Bark, bitter, febrifuge, emetic. The follow- ing West Indian species have similar properties and uses; (b) E. brachyearpum R. & Sch., Jamaica Bark, (c) E. floribun- dum R. & Sch., St. Lucia Bark, Caribaean Bark. 817. EXOTHEA, Macfay. Ink-wood. Sapindaceae, From Greek, ‘‘expelled’’. Syn. Hypelate. Melicocca, in part. Tree with very hard and heavy wood. Onespecies; (a) E. paniculata (Juss. ) Radlk., West Indies to Florida, Ink- wood, Ironwood. 818. EYSENHARDTIA, H. B. K. 1823. Papilionaceae. Named for Prof. C. W. Eysenhardt of Kénigsberg. Syn. Viborquia, Ortega 1798. Shrubs or small trees. Four species, southern U. S. and Mexico. ~ 819. FABIANA, Ruiz. & Pav. Pichi. Solanaceae. Shrubs. About 15 species, natives of S. America. a. F. imbricata R. & Pay. Chili. Pichi, Fabiana. Leafy twigs bitter, tonic, terebinthinate diuretic. - $20. FAGONIA, L. Fagonia. Zygophyllaceae. | Herbs. Two or three very variable species, widely distribut- 1 ed; 1 in U.S. 821. FAGOPYRUM, Gaertn. Buckwheat. Polygonacex. From Greek, ‘‘beech-wheat’’, the grain resembling a beech- nut. Buckwheat means also beech-wheat. Syn. Polygonum, in part. Herbs, annual or perennial. About 6 species, Europe and Asia; 2 nat. in U. S. 160 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. F. Fagopyrum (L.) Karst. (Polygonum Fagophyrum L., F. esculentum Moench.). Eastern Europe and western Asia, cult. in temperate regions. Buckwheat, Brank, Crap, Indian Wheat, Heath Corn, Saracen’s Corn; Ger. Buchweizen; Fr. Sarrasin, Blé noir. Seeds esculent. Several other species are cultivated for their seeds, notably (b) E. cymésum Meissner, the Chinese Perennial Buckwheat, and (c) F. Tataricum (L. ) Gaertn., Tatary (Tartary) Buckwheat, Rough Buckwheat, cult, in: U. 8. 822. FAGUS, L. - =. Beech. - - Fagaceae. Classical name, dexwived from Greek, ‘‘to eat”. Trees, some of great size. About 10 species, temperate zones; 1 in U. S. a. F. Americana Sweet (F. ferruginea Ait.). Canada to Florida and west to Texas and Wisconsin. American Beech, Red Beech, White Beech, Beech-nut tree. Seeds edible. b. F. sylvatica L. Europe and northern Asia. European Beech, White Beech. Seeds esculent; yield.a fixed oil, Oleum fagi, Beech oil; Ger. Buchelél, Bucheckerél; Fr. Huile de faines, suitable for liniments, etc. 828. FALCATA, Gmel. 1796. Hog Pea-nut. Papilionaceae. From Latin, ‘‘sickle like’ referring to the ‘‘keel’’, Syn. Amphicarpa, Ell. 1817; Glycine, in part. Twining vines, some producing subterranean fruit. About 7 species, eastern Asia and N. America; 2 in U. S. a. F. comdsa (L.) Kze. (G. comosa L. 1753, A.3fmonoica (L. 1763) Ell. Amphicarpaea monoica Nutt.). Hog Pea-nut, Wild Pea-nut, Pea-vine. 824, FALLUGIA, Endl. - Fallugia. - Rosaceae. Shrub. One species, Mexico and southwestern U. 8S. FATSIA. Sec7ARALIA, (4d). 825. FENDLERA, Engelm. &Gr. Fendlera. Saxifragaceae. Named for the American botanist, Fendler.’ Shrubs. Two known species, southwestern U. 8. 826. FERONIA, Corr. Elephant Apple. — Aurantiaceae. From name of an old Italian deity. A large tree. One spe- : cies only, India. a. F. elephantum Correa. India. Elephant Apple, Wood Ap- ple. Leaves of anise-like odor, carminative. Fruits edible; tree yields Feronia gum, or East Indian gum Arabie. 827. FERREIREA, Allem. Ferreirea. Papilionaceae. . Syn. Andira, in part. Tree. One species; (a) F. spectabi- lis Allemao (A. spectabilis Saldanha). Brazil. Hxudate, Resina d@’ angelim pedra, astringent, resembling Kino. . ; iu, q _. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 161 8$28. FERULA, L. Asafetida, ete. Umbelliferae. Ancient Latin name of Fennel, meaning a “walking stick”. Syn. Angelicat, Euryangium, Narthex, Scordosma, Sumbulus, in part. Robust herbs. About 80 species, west-central Asia. a. F. allidcea Boiss. Northeastern Persia. Source of an inferior variety of asafetida. b. F. foétida (Bunge) Regel (S. fetidum Bunge, F. Scordosma Bent. & Trim., Assafcetida Boiss., not Willd., F. Narthex Willd., not Boiss. ). Turkestan, Bokhara and western Afghanistan. Gum resin; Asafetida, Asafoetida, U. S. P., Br., Gummi-resina asafcetida, Asafcetida; Ger. Stinkasant, Teufelsdreck; Fr. Asa foetida (Codex); has been called cibus deorum (food of the gods) and stercus diaboli (devil’s dung); antispasmodic, carminative, stimulant. Leaves eaten as salad. ce. F. galbanifiua Bois. & Buhse (including F. erubescens Boiss. and I’. gummosa Boiss.) Persia. Gum resin; Galbanum, Br. (also P. G. and Codex), Gummi-resina galbanum, Gummi galba- num; Ger. Galban, Mutterharz;Sp Galbano; stimulant to mucous membranes. (Other species yield a similar product, notably (d) F. rubricatlis Boiss. and (e) F. Schair Borszczon). f. F. Narthex Boiss. (F. assafcetida Willd., N. assafcetida Fale. ). Persia to Afghanistan. Source of some of the asafetida from Afghanistan. g. F. Pérsica Willd. not Sims or Bunge. Persia. Source of the gum resin Sagapenum, resembling Galbanum. h. F. Simbul Hook. f. (E. Sumbul Kanuffm. Sum. moschatus Reinsch, A. moschata Wiggers). Central Asia. Musk-root, Sumbul. oot; Sumbul, U. S. P., Sumbul radix, Br.; Ger. Sumbulwurzel, Moschuswurzel; Fr. Racine de Sumbul; anti- spasmodic, nervine. i. F. Tingitana L. Northern Africa. Source of African Am- moniac, formerly known as Silphium. See Dorema and Thap- sia. 829. FEVILLEA, L. Fevillea. Cucurbitaceae. Vines climbing by tendrils, with gourd-like fruit. About 6 species, tropical America. a. F. cordifolia L., not Vell. Jamaica. Sequa, Cacoon Antidote. Seeds emeto-cathartic. [The oily seeds of a Peruvian species known as Abilla are used for candles or torches]. 830. FICARIA, Huds. Pilewort Buttercup. Ranunculaceae. From Latin, ‘‘fig’’ like, alluding to the root tubercles. Syn. Ranunculus, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Ranunculus. About 4 species, Old World. a. F. Fiearia (L.) Karst. (R. Ficaria L., F. ranunculoides Moench). Europe, ady. in U. 8. Lesser Celandine, Crain, Golden-cup, Golden-guineas, Herb-of-grace, Pilewort, Pile- wort Buttercup, Wordsworth’s flower; Ger. Feigenranunkel; Fr. Petite chélidoine. Plant formerly believed to cure hemor- rhoids, 162 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 831. FICUS, Tourn. - - Fig. - - Moraceae. The ancient Latin name, probably from Hebrew, “feg”. Syn. Urostigma, inpart. ‘Trees orshrubs. About 650 species, warm and tropical regions; 3 in U. S. a. F. Carica L. Western Asia, cult. in all sub-tropical and trop- ical countries. Fig tree; Ger. Feigenbaum; Fr, Figuier. The dried fruit (more correctly the fleshy receptacle with included fruits), Ficus, U.S. P., Br.- Fructus carice, Carice, Ficus passa; Fici; Ger. Feigen; Fr. Figue (Codex); Sp. Higo. The Turkey or Smyrna figs (carice pingues) are much larger than the Greek or Dalmatian figs (carice minores); esculent, laxa- tive, used for cataplasms, formerly roasted as a substitute for coffee. b. F. elastica Roxb. (Urostigma elastica Miq.). East Indies, a common shade tree in tropical countries. India-rubber tree. The india rubber of commerce is, however, derived chiefly from other trees. See Hevea, Manihot, Castilloa and Urceola. c. F. Indica L. India. Banyan tree: Indian Fig. (The Banyan of Lord Howe’s Island, which exceeds this in size, is (d) F. columnaris, Moore & Muell. ) e. F. religiésa L. India. Sacred Fig. Pipul tree (Pipal, Pippul, Peepul), Bo tree. One of many trees yielding lac; (f) F. Benghalénsis L. and (g) F, Tsjéla Hamilton, as well as F. Indica (above), also produce lac. See Croton (a). h. F. pedunculata Willd. West Indies to Florida. Jamaica ; Cherry. i. F. Syeamorus L. Mediterranean region. Sycamore tree, Phara- oh’s Fig, the Fig tree of Scripture. Fruit esculent. 832. FILAGO, L. Filago, Everlasting. Compositae. From Latin, filum, a ‘‘thread’’. Syn. Evax, Diaperia, in part. White-woolly annuals. About 12 species, New and Old World; 4 in U. S. , (In Heller’s catalogue the species are referred to Evax.) See Gifola. 833. FILIPENDULA, L. Filipendula. Rosaceae. Syn. Spiraea, in part. Suffrutescent plants, north temperate zone; 2 in U.S. Syn. Fillyfindillant, Lady’s-rufiles. 834. FLAVERIA, Juss. Flaveria. Compositae. From Latin flavus, ‘‘yellow’. Syn. Milleria, in part. Herbs with small densely clustered heads. About 7 species, warmer regions of America, 4 in U. 8S. 885. FLINDERSIA, RB. Br. Leopard tree. Meliaceae. Syn. Eleodendronf, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 12 species, Australia to New Caledonia. a. F, maculésa (Lind.) F. von Muell. (E. maculosum Lind. ). Australia Leopard-tree, Spotted-tree. Gummy exudate resem- bles Acacia and is used in a similar way. ; SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 163 $36. FLOERKIA, Willd. False Mermaid. Limnanthaceae. Named for H. G. Floerke, German botanist d. 1835. Marsh annual. A single species, north America; U. S. throughout. $37. FLORESTINA, Cass. Florestina. Compositae. Probably from a personal name. Syn. Stevia, in part. Hoary herbs. Two species, Mexico to Texas; 1 in U. S. 838. FLOURENSIA, DC. Flourensia. Compositae. Named for Dr. M. J. P. Flourens. Shrubby resinous plants. About 3 species, Mexico and southwestern U. 8. $39. FOENICULUM, Adans. Fennel. Umbelliferae. Latin name, diminutive from foenum, ‘‘hay’’. Syn. Anethum, Meum, in part. Biennial or perennial herbs with dissected leaves. About 4 species, Old World; 1 adv. in U. S. a. F. Foeniculum (L.) Karst. (Anethum Freniculum L., F. vul- gare Gaertn., I’. capillaceum Gilib., F. officinale All., Meum Feeniculum Spreng. ). Southern Europe and Western Asia, and widely cult. Fennel (Finkel, Fingel, Spingel), Large Fennel, Giant Fennel, Dill*; Ger. Fenchel; Fr. Fenouil. Fruit; Foeniculum, U.S. P., Foeniculi fructus, Br., Semen feeniculi; Fennel-seed, Fennel-fruit. Commercial varieties are Saxon or German fennel-seed and the Roman or Italian which is larger and comes from the variety known as Sweet Fennel, F. dulce DC., Fenouil doux of the Codex; aromatic, carminative, stomachiec. Source of oil of Fennel. The root also is occasion- ally used in Europe. 840. FOTHERGILLA, Murr. Witch Alder. Hamamelidaceae. Named for Dr. J ohn Fothergill, English naturalist, d. 1780. Syn. Hamamelis, in part. A small shrub, one species, (a) F. Carolina (L.) Britton, Eastern U. S., called Witch Alder or Dwarf Alder. 841. FOUQUIERIA, H. B. K. Candlewood. Tamariscaceae, Syn. Fouquiera, Spreng. Thorny shrubs or trees. About 3 species, Mexico and adjacent territory; 1 in U. S. $42. FRAGARIA, L. - Strawberry. - Rosaceae. Latin name, perhaps from ‘‘fragrance” of the fruit. Peren- nial herbs, spreading by runners. About 15 species, north temperate zone and 8. America; 7 in U. §S. a. F. Americana (Porter) Britton (F. vesca var. Americana Por- ter). Canada to New Jersey and west to Oregon, in the woods. American Wood Strawberry. Fruit (i. e. fleshy receptacle) of this as of all the species esculent. b. F. Canadénsis Michx. British America, south to New York, in fields and meadows. Northern Wild Strawberry, Mountain Strawberry. ce. F. Chilénsis Duchesne. Chili and northward to Oregon. Cnili Strawberry, (one of the most prolific species in cultivation ). 164 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS d. F. vésea L. (F. vulgaris Erhr.) Europe, nat. in eastern U. S. + European Wood Strawberry, Sheep-nose, Sow-tit. The parent species of many cultivated varieties; Ger. Erdbeere; Fr. Fraisier (Codex). e. F, Virginiana Duchesne (F. vesca Walt.). Canada to Florida and west to Louisiana, Arizona and §. Dakota. Virginia Strawberry, Scarlet Strawberry, Common Field Strawberry. Parent species of many cultivated varieties. 843. FRANKENIA, L. (Franca, Franka). Frankeniaceae. Named for Prof. Johann Franke, of Upsala, d. 1661. Syn. Franca, Micheli 1763. Heath-like herbs orsub-shrubs. About 30 species, widely distributed in temperate regions; 3 in U. §. a. F. grandifélia Cham. & Schlecht. (Franca grandifolia Esch. ). California in salt marshes, Yerba Reuma. Herb astringent. 844. FRASERA, Walt. American Calumba. Gentianaceae. Named for John Fraser, English botanical collector, d. 1817. Robust herbs with flowers in terminal panicles. About13 spe- cies, all of the U. 8., mostly western. a. F. Carolinénsis Walt. (F. Walteri Michx.). Canada to Georgia and west to Wisconsin. American Columbo, Indian Lettuce, Yellow Gentian, Pyramid-plant, Pyramid-flower, Ground Centaury, Meadow-pride. Root; Radix colombo ame- ricane; Ger. Amerikanische Colombowurzel; Fr. Racine de Colombo de Mariette (d’ Amérique); bitter tonic resembling Calumba. Fresh root emeto-cathartic. 845. FRAXINUS, L. - - Ash. - - Qleaceae. The ancient Latin name. Syn. Ornus, in part. Trees, generally with pinnate leaves. About 40 species; 16 in U. §. Ger. Esche; Fr. Fréne; Sp. Fresco. a. F. Americana L. (F. alba Marsh., F. epiptera Michx., F. Caro- liniana Wang., not Mill.). Canadaandeastern U. 8. Ame- rican White Ash, White Ash, Cane Ash, Ash. Bark of this and other species febrifuge; leaves laxative, anti-arthritic. Wood tough, elastic. b. F. exeélsior L. Europe. European Ash; Fr. Fréne (Codex). Some manna is obtained from this species in southern Europe. Bark and leaves used as in (a). c. F. nigra Marsh. (F. sambucifolia Lam.). Canada and north- western U. S. Black Ash, Hoop Ash, Swamp or Water Ash, Basket Ash. d. F. Ornus L. (Ornus Europea Pers. ). Europe and the Levant. Manna Ash, Flowering Ash, European Manna tree. Hrudate; Manna, U. S. P.; Fr. Manne (Codex); laxative. (The spe- cies probably includes F. rotundifolia Lam.). Additional American species are (e) F. Caroliniana Mill. (F. platycarpa Michx.), Water Ash, Carolina Ash, Pop or Poppy Ash; (f) F. lanceolata Borck (F. viridis Michx.), Green Ash, Blue or Swamp Ash; (g) F. Pennsylvanica Marsh (F. pubescens Lam. ), Red Ash, Black Ash*, and (h) F. quadrangulata Michx. (F. quadrangularis Lodd.), - Blue Ash. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 165 846. FREMONTODENDRON, Cov. Cheiranthodendraceae. From Greek, ‘‘Fremont’s tree”, in honor of Col. Fremont. Syn. Fremontia, Torr. 1854 not 1845; Cheiranthodendron, in part. Shrub bearing a profusion of yellow flowers. One spe- cies, California. a. F. Californiecum (Torr. ) Coville (Fremontia Californica Tor., C. Californicum Baill.). California Slippery Elm. Jnner bark used for poultices, etc. 847. FRITILLARIA, L. Guinea-hen flower. _ Liliaceae. From Latin fritillus, a ‘‘dice box’’. Bulbous herbs. About 50 species, north temperate zone; 9 in U. S. a. F. lilidcea Lindl. California. Green Lily. [Cult. in gardens are (b) F. imperialis L., Crown-imperial and (c) F. melea- gris L. of Europe, Guinea-hen flower, Checkered Daffodil, Snake’s-head, Weeping-widow, Widow-wail. ] d. F. verticillata Willd., not Bieb. nor Wall. (F. Thunbergii Migq.). Siberia. Bai-mo. Seeds anti-rheumatic. 848.. FROELICHIA, Moench. Freelichia. Amaranthaceae. Named for J. A. Froelich, German botanist. Syn. Oplo- theca, in part. Woolly or silky herbs. About12 species, all American; 4 in U. S. 849. FUCUS, L. Seaweed, Kelpware. Fucaceae. From the Greek name of ‘‘seaweed”. Syn. Cystoseira, Hal- idrys, Sargassum, in part. Social seaweeds with flat or com- pressed forked fronds. a. F. natans L. (Sargassum bacciferum Agardh). Atlantic Ocean. Gulf weed. b. F. vesiculosus L. North Atlantic and north Pacific Oceans. Bladder-wrack, Kelpware, Black-tang, Cut-weed, Bladder Fucus, Lady-wrack, Sea-wrack, Sea Oak. The enjire plant; Quercus marinus; Ger. Blasentang, Héckertang, Seeeiche; Fr. Varech vésiculeux (Codex); reputed to reduce obesity. (c) F. serratus L. and (d) F. siliquésus L. (Cystoseira siliquosa Agardh, Halidrys siliquosa Lyngbye) are also used and are authorized by the Codex. 850. FUMARIA, Bese Fumitory. - Papaveraceae. Old Latin name, ‘‘smoky’’. Herbs with dissected leaves. About 35 species, Old World. a. F. officinalis L. Europe, adv.in U.S. Fumitory, Hedge Fumi- tory, Earth-smokeZ, Beggary, Wax-dolls; Ger. Erdrauch, Feldraute; Fr. Fumeterre (Codex); Sp. Hiel de tierra, Pajarilla. Fresh juice of the plant, alterative, discutient. 851. FUNKIA, Spreng. 1817. Day-Lily. Liliaceae, _ Named for H. Funck, German botanist. Syn. Saussurea, Salisb. 1807 (without description), Niobe, Salisb. 1812, Hosta, Tratt. 1812, not Jacq. 1797. Perennial scapose herbs from woody rhizomes. About 6 species, China and Japan; (a) F, ovata Spreng. (S. ccerulea Salisb.), Blue Day-lily; (b) F, subcordata Spreng. (N. cordifolia Salisb., H. Japonica Tratt. ) White Day-lily, Plantain Lily. 166 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 852. FURCRAEA, Vent. 1793. Amaryllidaceae. Syn. Fourcroya, Spreng 1817. Plants resembling Agave. About 18 species, tropical America: (a) F. gigantea Vent. (F. viridis Hemsley), of Centra] America resembles Sisal Hemp, its leaves yielding a similar fibre. 858. FUSANUS, R. Br. Quandong nut. Santalaceae. Trees or shrubs, natives of S. Africa and Australia. a. F. acuminatus R. Br. (Santalum Preissianum Miq.). Aus- tralia. Quandong-nut, Quandang, Native Peach. Both fruit and kernel esculent and highly esteemed. 854. GAERTNERIA, Med. 1785. Gzertneria. Ambrosiaceae. Named for Joseph Gertner, German botanist, d. 1791. Syn. Franseria, Cav. 1793; Ambrosia, in part. Hispid or tomentose herbs. About 15 species, America; 12 in U. S. 855. GAILLARDIA, Foug. _ Blanket-flower. Compositae. Named for M. Gaillard, French botanist. Syn. Agassizia, in part. Herbs with large flower heads, the rays occasionally wanting. About 12 species, New World; 11 in U. S. and Mexico. 856. GALACTIA, P. Br. Milk Pea. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘milky’’, alluding to the sap. Herbaceous or shrubby plants, generally climbing or prostrate. About 50 species, warmer regions, especially of America; 14 in U.S., mostly southwestern. 857. GALANTHUS, L. Snowdrop. Amaryllidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘milk flower’’. Scapose herbs from a coated bulb. Three species, Europe and western Asia. a. G. nivalis L. Europe. Snowdrop, Fair-maids, Fair-maids-of- February. 858. GALAX, L. Galax, Beetle-weed. Diapensiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘milk’’, but the name seems not appropriate. Scapose perennial, with densely racemed small flowers. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 179 922. GUETTARDA, L. Velvet-seed. Rubiaceae. Shrubs or small trees. About 50 species, tropical America, one of wide distribution; 2in U.S. (a) G. elliptica Sw., West Indies to Florida, is called Velvet-seed. 923. GUILANDINA, L. (Guilandia). Bonduc. Caesalpinaceae. Syn. Cesalpinia, in part, some botanists referring all the species to that genus. Prickly trailing shrubs. About 5 spe- cies, tropical regions. a. G. Bondue L. (C. Bonduc Roxb., G. glabra Mill.). Florida and most tropical coasts. Seeds, Yellow Nicker-nuts or Nickar- nuts, Bonduc-nuts (from Arabic, bondog, a necklace), Beazor- nuts, Molucca Bean. Properties of (b). b. G. Bonducélla, L. (C. Bonducella Roxb., G. aculeata Salisb. ). Tropical shores generally. Seeds, Gray Nicker-nuts, Nicker- seeds, Gray Bonduc-nuts or Beazor-nuts; bitter, tonic, febrifuge. Source of Nicker-seed oii, used for embrocations. Bark tonic. 924. GUILLEMINEA, H. B. K. (Guilleminia). Amaranthaceae. Herbs. Three species, perhaps reducible to one; 1 in Texas, 925. GUIZOTIA, Cass. 1827. — Til-seed, etc. Compositae. Named forthe French historian, F. P. G. Guizot, d. 1874. Syn. Werrinuwa, Heyne 1814; Verbesina, in part. Herbs re- lated to Heliopsis. About 5 species, tropical Africa and Asia. a. G. Abyssinica Cass. (G. oleifera DC., V. sativa Roxb.). India and eastern Africa. Ramtil, Niger-seed, Black Til-seed, Oil- seed. Seeds yield a bland fixed oil. 926. GUTIERREZIA, Lag. Brown-weed. Compositae. Named for Gutierrez, a noble family ofSpain. Syn. Solidago, in part. Herbs or sub-shrubs resembling Golden-rod. About 20 species, New World; 6 in western U. 8S. 927. GYMINDA, Sarg. - Gyminda. . Celastraceae. Anagram of Myginda, an allied genus. Shrub. One spe- cies in southeastern U. S. 928. GYMNANTHES, Swz. Gymnanthes. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘naked flowered’. Syn. Exceecaria, in part. Shrubs. About 16 species, tropical America, chiefly in West Indies; 1 in U.S. 929. GYMNEMA, R. Br., not Endl. Gymnema. Aselepiadaceae. Syn. Asclepias, in part. Erect or climbing shrubs. About 30 species, warmer regions of Africa, Asia and Australia. a. G. sylvéstre R. Br. (A. geminata Roxb.). Africa and Aus- tralia. Root a reputed antidote to snake poison. Leaves when chewed destroy for a time the sense of taste. 930, GYMNOCLADUS, Lam. - : Caesalpinaceae. From.Greek, ‘‘naked branched’, i, e. not thorny. Syn. Guilandina, in part. Trees with showy white flowers. Two species, one of China, one of U. 8S. eh Ry 180 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. G. dioica (L.) Koch (G. Canadensis Lam. (Kew), G. dioica. L.). Ontario to Tennessee, west to Indian Territory and Nebraska. Kentucky Coffee tree, American Coffee tree, Chicot (Canada), Kentucky Mahogany, Nicker or Nickar tree. Seeds, Coffee-nuts, American Coffee-beans, formerly used as a. substitute for coffee. 931. GYMNOGRAMMA, Desy. Gold Fern, etc. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘naked sori’. The genus includes the orna- mental Gold and Silver Ferns. About 30 species, especially of New World; 2 in U. S. 932. GYMNOLOMIA, H. B. K. (Gymnoloma). Compositae. From Greek, “naked border’ , alluding to absence of pappus. Perennial herbs, some shrubby, resembling Helianthus. About. 25 species, warmer regions of New World; 4 in U. S. 933. GYMNOSPERMA, Less. Gymnosperma. Compositae. From Greek, “naked seed”, pappus being absent. Glutin- ous shrubby plants. Two species, central N. America; 1 im U3. 934. GYNOCARDIA, R. Br. 1819. Chaulmugra. Bixaceae, From Greek, ‘‘woman heart’’. Syn. Chalmoogra, Roxb. 1814, Hydnocarpus, Chilmoria, in part. An ornamental dioecious tree. One species. a. G. odorata R. Br. (Chal. odorata Roxb. (apparently the older name), H. odoratus Lindl., Chil. dodecandra Buch Ham.). Indiato Malacca. Chaulmugra (Chalmoogra). Seeds yield Chaulmugra oil, used in cutaneous diseases. 935. GYPSOPHILA, L. Gypsophyll. Caryophyllaceae. _ From Greek, ‘‘chalk loving’. Herbs. About 60 species, Old World; 2 nat. in U.S. a. G. paniculata L. Europe and Asia, adv. in U. S. Talk Gypsophyll, Babies’-breath, Mist. b. G. Strithium L. Mediterranean region. Levant Soap-root, Spanish Soapwort. Root, R. saponarie levantice v. hispani- cae v. xgyptice, R. lanarize; Ger. Spanische Seifenwurzel; detergent, containing saponin. 936. GYROSTACHYS, Pers. 1807. Ladies’-tresses. Orchidaceae. From. Greek, ‘‘twisted spike’. Syn. Spiranthes, L. C. Rich. 1818; Neottia, Limodorum, Ophrys, i in part. Terrestrial orchids with flowers (often fragrant) more or less spirally arranged on the spikes. About 80 species, ee or temper- ate regions; 13 in U. S. a. G. eérnua (L.) Kze. (S. cernua L. C. Rich. (Kew), O. cernua L. Canada and eastern U. S. Nodding or Drooping Ladies’-tresses, Wild Tuberose, Screw- auger, names not con- fined to this species. b. G. gracilis (Bigel.) Kze. (S. gracilis Beck. (Kew), N. gracilis. Bigel.). Canada and eastern U.S. Slender Ladies’ -tresses, Corkscrew plant, Twisted-stalk. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 181 937. GYROTHECA, Salisb. 1812. Red-root. Haemodoraceae. From Greek, ‘‘round fruit’”’. Syn. Lachnanthus, Ell. 1816. Perennial herb with red fibrous roots. One species, U. S. and West Indies. a. G. capitata (Walt.) Morong (Anonymos capitata Walt., L. tinctoria Ell. (Kew), G. tinctoria Salisb.). Swamps. Mas- sachusetts to Florida and Cuba. Red-root, Indian or Carolina Red-root, Indian Paint-root, Spirit-weed, Wool-flower. 938. HABENARIA, Willd. Orchis*. Orchidaceae. From Latin habena, a‘‘rein’’ or‘‘strap”. Syn. Gymnadenia, Platanthera, Orchis, in part. Terrestrial orchids. About 400 species; 37 in U. S. a. H. conépsea Benth. (G. conopsea R. Br.), and (b) H. bifélia R. Br. (P. bifolia Reich.) of Europe are among the orchids yielding salep, the palmately divided tubers of (a) called Rad. palmee-Christi; demulcent, nutrient. ‘See Orchis. Showy indigenous species are (c) H. ciliaris (L.) R. Br., Yellow Fringed-orchis; (d) H. grandiflora (Bigel.) Torr. (H. fimbriata (Wild.) A. Gray), Purple Fringed-orchis, Large or Early Purple Fringed-orchis, Tattered-fringe, Meadow Pink; (e) H. leucophaéa ( Nutt.) A. Gray, Prairie White or Greenish Fringed-orchis; (f) H. peramoéna A. Gray, Fringe- less or Great Purple-orchis; (g) H. psychédes (L.) A. Gray (O. fimbriata Ait. not Willd.), Smaller Purple Fringed-orchis, Pink Fringed-orchis, Flaming Orchis, Soldier’s-plume. Incon- spicuous species are (h) H. orbiculata (Pursh ) Torr., called Heal-all* and (i) H. bracteata (Willd.) R. Br., Long-bract- ed Orchis or Vegetable Satyr. 939. HAEMANTHUS, L. — Blood-flower. Amaryllidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘blood flower’. Scapose bulbous plants. About 30 species, Africa; called also African Tulip. a. H. coccineus L. (H. coarctatus Jacq., H. latifolius Salisb. ). Southern Africa. Cape Tulip, Salmon-leaved Blood-flower. Bulb diuretic, antispasmodie. 940, HAEMATOXYLON, L. (Haematoxylum). Caesalpinaceae. - From Greek, ‘‘blood wood’. Trees of medium size. One or two species, tropical America. a. H. Campechianum L. Central America, nat. in West Indies. Logwood tree. Heart-wood; Logwood, Block-wood, Cam- peachy-wood: Hazomatxylon, U.S. P., Hematoxyli lignum,Br., Lignum campechianum y. ceruleum; Ger. Campescheholz, Campecheholz; Blauholz; Fr. Boisde Campéche, Bois d’Inde (Codex), Bois de sang; Sp. Palo de Campeche; astringent, antiseptic; a valuable dyeing material. 941. HAGENIA, J. F. Gmel. 1791. Cusso. _— Rosaceae. Named for K. Gottfried Hagen. Syn. Bankesia, Bruce,1790, not Banksia, Forst. 1776; Brayera, Kunth 1824. A dicecious tree with pinnate leaves. | 182 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. H. Abyssinica (Bruce) Gmelin (Brayera anthelmintica Kunth (Kew), Bankesia Abyssinica Bruce). Abyssinia. Kousso tree. The female inflorescence; Cusso (Cosso, Kusso, Kooso): Cusso, U.S. P., Br.; Flores Koso, P. G., Flores brayere (anthel- mintice); Ger. Kosso, Kusso, Cousso; Fr. Cousso (Codex); anthelmintic, tenicide. 942. HALOPHILA, Thou. — Halophila. —_ Valisneriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘sea loving’. Inconspicuous annuals growing in salt marshes. About 5 species, widely distributed; 1 in U.S. 9438. HALYMENTA, Agardb. Dulse. Rhodymeniaceae. From Greek, ‘‘sea’’ and ‘‘moon’’ or ‘‘month’’. Syn. Fucus, Rhodymenia, Spherococcus, in part. Seaweeds. About 20 species, warmer seas. a. H. édulis (L.) Agardh (F. edulis L., R. edulis Grev., S. edulis Kiitz) and (b) H. palmatus (L.) Agardh (F. palmatus L.). Shores of Atlantic and Mediterranean. Dulse, Dallish. Used for food in Shetland and elsewhere. 944. HAMAMELIS, L. Witch Hazel. Hamamelidaceae. Greek name of a kind of ‘‘medlar’’, flower and fruit being “borne together’. Shrubs, blossoming in autumn. Three known species, 2 of Japan; 1 in U. 8. a. H. Virginiana L. (including many synonyms that are mere varieties.) Nova Scotia to Florida and west to Texas and | Minnesota. Witch Hazel, Wych-hazel, Snapping Hazel, Striped Alder, Spotted Alder, Winter-bloom, Tobacco-wood; Ger. Zauberhasel; Fr. Hamamélis. Leaves; Hamamelis, U. 8. P., Hamamelidis folia Br.; Bark, Hamamelidis cortex, Br.; astringent, emollient, vulnerary. A distilled extract is popularly known as Pond’s Extract. 945. HAMELIA, Jacq. - Hamelia - Rubiaceae. Named for M. du Hamel, French botanist. Shrubs of tropical America. About 12 species; 1 in U. S. 946. HANCORNIA, Gomez. Mangaba. Apocynaceae. Small tree or shrub. One species, Brazil; (a) H. specidsa Gomez (H. Gardneri Miers, H. pubescens Nees & Mart. ). Yields the Mangabeira rubber. Fruit (when fully ripe) edible, called mangaba or mangaya. See Hevea. 947. HAPLOESTHES, Gray. Haploesthes. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘simple garment’’ the involucre of few bracts. Somewhat shrubby plant of saline regions. Onespecies, Texas. to Colorado. 948. HAPLOPHYTON, DC. Haplophyton. Apocynaceae. From Greek, ‘‘simple plant’’, alluding to absence of calycine glands. Perennial herb. One species, Arizona to Guatemala and Cuba. 949. HARBOURIA, ©.&R. Harbouria. Umbelliferae. | Syn. Cicuta, Thaspium, in part. Herb with yellow flowers. One species, Colorado. . SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 183 950. HARDENBERGIA, Benth. Victorian Lilac. Papilionaceae. Named for Countess Hardenberg, sister of Baron Hugel. - Woody climbers. Three known species, Australia. a. H. monophylla Benth. Australia. Victorian Lilac, Australian Sarsaparilla, Spurious or Native Sarsaparilla. Root, a substi- tute for Sarsaparilla. 951. HARPAE( ‘ARPUS, Nutt. Harpecarpus. Composiiae. Syn. Madia, Hemizonella, in part. Herbs, closely related to Madia. Three species, western U, 8. 952. HARPAGONELLA, nee Harpagonella. Boraginaceae. Dim. of Latin harpago, a “‘grappling hook’’. Insignificant annual. One species, California to Arizona. 953. HARPAGOPHYTUM, DC. Grapple-plant. Pedaliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘grapple plant”, ”? the fruits furnished with sharp hooks. Syn. Uncaria, in part. Hoary procumbent herbs. Four species, Africa; (a) H. procimbens DC. (U. procumbens Burch. ) is the Grapple plant, Grapnel plant or Wait-a-bit Thorn of South Africa. 954. HARTMANNIA, Spach. Primrose. Onagraceae. Named for Emanuel Hartman of Louisiana. Syn. Oenothera, in part. Herbs with diurnal flowers, red, white or purple. About 10 species, New World; 3 in U.S 955. HARTWRIGHTIA, Gray. Hartwrightia. Compositae. Herb. One species in southern U. S. 956. HASTINGSLA, S. Wats. Hastingsia. Liliaceae. Herbs closely related to Scheenolirion. Two species, Cali- fornia. 957. HAZARDIA, Greene. 7 Hazardia. Compositae. Syn. Aplopappus, in part. Herbs. Six species in south- western U. S. 958. HECASTOCLEIS, Gray. Hecastocleis. | Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘each shut in”, each flower having an involu- cre of its own. Low shrub with prickly leaves. One species, Nevada. 959. HECHTIA, Klotsch. Hechtia. Bromeliaceae. Herbs with spiny-toothed leaves. About 6 species, mostly of Mexico; 1 in Texas. 960. HEDEOMA, Pers. Pennyroyal, ete. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘sweet smelling’. Syn. Melissa, Cunila, Ziziphora, in part. Aromatic herbs. About 15 species, New World; 12 in U.S. a. H. Lace ing (L.) Pers. (M. pulegeoides L. 1753, C. pulegeoi- es L. 1762, Z. pulegeoides Desf.). Canada to Florida and ccs to Nebraska. Pennyroyal, American or Mock Pennyroyal, Squaw Mint, ‘Tick-weed, Stinking Balm; Ger. Amerikanischer Polei; Fr. Pouliot Americain. Leaves and tops, Hedeoma, U. S. P.; aromatic, carminative, emmenagogue; source of oil of Pennyroyal; also used to drive away mosquitoes. 184 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. H. thymoides Gray. (H. piperita Gray, not Benth.) of Texas has properties of (a) but is less disagreeable; (c) H. piperita Benth., not A. Gray, of Mexico resembles peppermint and is used in the same manner. ; 961. HEDERA, se - Ivy. - Araliaceae. The classical Latin name, ‘‘clinging’’. Evergreen climbers. Two species, one of Euro-Asia, one of Australia. a. H. Hélix L. (H. poetica Salisb.). Europe and Asia, widely cult. Ivy (Ivory, Hyven), English Ivy; Barren, Black, Creep- ing or Small Ivy, Woodbind, Bindwood (Scotland); Ger. Epheu (gemeiner), Mauerepheu. EHxudate, lvy gum, Gumini resina hederx, Gummi hedere (arboree), emmenagogue, astringent. Berries emeto-cathartic, narcotic. Wood formerly used for issue peas. 962. HEDYSARUM, L. Hedysarum. Papilionaceae. The Greek name of a Vetch, ‘‘sweet Broom’’. Perennial herbs, some shrubby. About 60 species, north temperate zone and northern Africa; 6 in U.S. (a) H. Gangétieum Auct. India. oot used like ipecac in dysentery. 968. HEIMIA, Link. & Otto. Heimia. Lythraceae. Named for Dr. Heim, physician, of Berlin. Syn. Nes-xa, in part. Shrubs with yellow flowers. Two species, New World; 1 in southern U.S. a. H. salicifolia.(H. B. K.) L. & O. (N. salicifolia H. B. K.). Texas, Mexico and Argentina. Hanchinol, Abro sol. Leaves diaphoretic, anti-syphilitic, insecticide. 964. HELENIASTRUM, Vaill. Heleniastram. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘star Helenium”. Syn. Helenium, in part. Herbs with resinous-dotted leaves. Five species, western U. S. 965. HELENIUM, L. Sneeze-weed. Compositae. Greek name of Elecampane. Bitter herbs with large flower heads. About 25 species, northern and central America; 16 in G8. a. H. autumnale L. Canada to Florida and west to Arizona and British Columbia. Sneeze-weed, Sneezewort, Swamp or False Sunflower, Oxeye, Yellow-star. In Mexico called Rosilla de puebla. Leaves and flowers errhine, having probably some narcotic properties. Other species possess similar properties. b. H. tenuifélium Nutt. Virginia to Florida, Texas and Mis- souri. Fine-leaved Sneeze-weed. Plant actively poisonous. 966. HELIANTHELLA, Torr. & Gr. Helianthella. Compositae. Latin, diminutive of Helianthus. Syn. Encelia, Gercea, Leighia, Lithonia, in part. Perennial herbs with yellow flowers. About 15 species, N. America; 12 in U. S. a. H. tenuifolia Torr. & Gr. Florida. WHelianthella. Root, ex- pectorant, anti-spasmodic, emetic. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR 185 967. HELIANTHEMUM, Pers. Rock-rose, etc. Cistaceae. From Greek, ‘‘sun flower”, the flowers opening only in sun- shine. Syn. Cistus, in part. Woody herbs or low shrubs. About 125 species, mostly in warmer regions; 10 in U. S. a. H. Canadénse (L.) Michx. (C. Canadensis L.). Maine to N. Carolina and Kentucky and west to Wisconsin. Frostwort, Frost-weed, Frost plant, Long-branched Frost-weed, Canadian Rock-rose, Sun-rose, Scrofula plant; Ger. Canadisches Sonnen- réschen; Fr. Hélianthéme du Canada. Herb, astringent, altera- tive. b. H. Helianthemum (L.) Karst. (C. Helianthemum L., H. vul- gare Gaert.). Europe. European Rock-rose, Sol-flower, Sun Daisy, Sun-rose. Properties of (a). 968. HELIANTHUS, L. Sunflower. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘sun flower’, appropriately sonamed. Annual or perennial robust herbs with showy yellow flowers. Abom 60 species, New World; 48 in U. S. a. H. annuus L. Mexico, Texas and northward to the Saskatche- wan, also cult. in gardens and for its seeds. Sunflower, Com- mon or Garden Sunflower, Comb-flower, Gloden, Gold, Larra- bell, Wallflower*. Seeds yield a bland fixed oil and are used for feeding poultry and stock. Pith fer moxas. Growing plant anti-malarial. ‘b. H. tuberésus L. British America, south to Georgia and Arkan- sas, also commonly cult. Jerusalem Artichoke ( ‘‘Jerusalem’’ is a corruption of Italian girasole meaning sun-flower), Earth- apple, Canada Potato; Ger. Erdapfel, LErdartischocke; Fr. Topinambour. Tubersesculent. Less cultivated in Europe than since the introduction of the potato. Several other spe- cies have tuberous root-stocks that might be developed by cultivation. Thoseof (c) H. giganteus tuberésus (Bourg. ) ~ Brit. are sometimes used for food. i ns an BL ‘969. HELICHRYSUM, Vaill. Immortelle. Compositae. ’ From Greek, ‘‘sun gold’. Syn. Elichrysum. Herbaceous or shrubby plants, the flower heads having scariose colored bracts and so ‘‘everlasting”. About 275 species, Old World, mostly of S. Africa. -a. H. orientale Gaertn. Crete. Everlasting; Fr. Immortelle (the most familiar name); Ger. Strohblume. More common in our gardens is the Australian (b) H. Itcidum Henckel (H. bracteatum Willd. ). Other Immortelles of the gardens are (c) Helipterum Manglésii F. Muell. (Rhodanthe Manglesii Lindl. and (d) Ammoébium alatum R. Br., both from Aus- tralia. ‘970. HELICTERES, L. Screw-tree. Sterculiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘twisted’’, of the carpels. Trees or shrubs. About 40 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres. 186 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. H. Iséra L. Southern India. Screw tree. Fruit, called Twisted-stick, Twisted-horn or Twisty, believed to relieve colic; (b) H. Jamaicénsis Jacq., in the West Indies, has the same synonyms and uses. 971. HELIETTA, Tul. - Helietta. - Rutaceae. Named for Louis T. Hélie, French physician. Trees or shrubs. Aboat 4 species, warmer regions of New World; 1 in. ie 972. HELIOPSIS, Pers. False’ Sunflower, etc. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘sun like’. Robust herbs with aspect of Helianthus. About 10 species, New World; 4 in U. §.; called. also Ox-eye. 973. HELIOTROPIUM, L. Heliotrope,Turnsole. Boraginaceae. Ancient Greek name of a plant, meaning “‘sun turning’ or ‘sun dial’. Herbs or sub-shrubs. About 115 species, warmer regions of the globe; 14 in U. S., including some naturalized. The fragrant Heliotrope of the gardens is (a) H. Peruvidnum L., one popular name of which is Cherry-pie. 974. HELLEBORUS, L. Hellebore. Ranunculaceae. The ancient Greek name. Perennial herbs with palmately divided leaves. About 12 species, Europe and western Asia. a. H. foétidus L. Europe. Bear’s-foot, Bastard Bear’s-foot, Barefoot, Fetid or Stinking Hellebore, Garget-root. Hellebor- aster, Ox-heal, Setter-grass, Setterwort, Settiswort. Proper- ties of (b). b. H. niger L. (H. grandifiorus Salisb.). Europe and cult. in gardens. Black Hellebore, Christmas-flower, Christmas Rose, Christ’ s-herb, Clove-tongue, Felon-grass, New-years Rose; Ger. Schwarze Nieswurz, Winterrose, Weinachtswurz, Christwurz; Fr. Hellébore noir (Codex); Sp. Eléboro negro. Rhizome and rootlets, Rad. hellebori nigri, Rad. melampodii, gastro-intestinal irritant, hydragogue, emmenagogue, powerful depressant. ce. H. viridis L. Europe, nat. in eastern U. 8. Green or Bastard Hellebore, Chris-root, Christmas Rose, Peg-root, not to be confounded with Veratrum viride q. v.; Ger. Griine Nieswurz, Chriswurz. Properties of (b) but more active: ' 975. HELONIAS, L. Swamp Pink, Stud-flower. Melanthaceae. From Greek, ‘‘marsh loving”. Perennial bog herb with ~ showy purple flowers. One species, New York to Virginia. See Chamelirium. 976. HEMEROCALLIS, L. (Hemerocalis). Day Lily. Liliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘beautiful fora day’. Perennial herbs with large lily-like flowers. About 5 species, Europe and Asia; 2’ cult. and adv. in U. §.; (a) H. flava L, Yellow Day Lily and (b) H. fulva L. the more common Orange Day Lily, Lemon Lily, Eve’s-thread. 977. HEMIDESMUS, R. Br. Hemidesmus. Aselepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘half’? and “bond’’. Syn. Asclepias, Peri- ploca, in part. Twining plants. Three species, India and Moluccas. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 187 a. H. Indicus (L.) R. Br. (P. Indica L., A. Pseudo-Sarsa Roxb. ). India. Indian Sarsaparilla, Hemidesmus, Nunnari. oot, Hemidesmi radix, Br., used like Sarsaparilla. 978. HEMIEYVA, Raf. 1836. Hemieva. Saxifragaceae. Syn. Suksdorfia, Gray 1880; Saxifraga, in part. Two species in U.S. 979. HEMITOMUS, Gray 1855. Hemitomus. Monotropaceae. Syn. Newberrya, Torr. 1867, this name adopted later by Gray himself. Brownish scaly plants with flowers in crowded spikes. Four species, Pacific coast of U. 8. 980.* HEMIZONIA, DC. Tar-weed. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘half girdled’’, alluding to the ray akenes. Heavy-scented, generally viscid herbs, related to Madia. About 25 species, 12 in California. 981. HEPATICA, Scop. Liver-leaf. Ranunculacea . Ancient Greek name, ‘‘liver’’ plant, from form of leavvs, Syn. Anemone (Kew), in part. Scapose evergreen perennials. - About 4 species, north temperate zone; 2 in U.S. a. H. acuta (Pursh) Brit. (H. triloba var. acuta Pursh, A. acuti- loba Laws. (Kew), H. acutiloba DC.). Canada to Georgia, west to Minnesota. Acute-lobed Liver-leaf, Sharp-lobed Liver- leaf, Heart Liver-leaf, with many of the synonyms and with properties of (b). b. H. Hepatica (L.) Karst. (A. Hepatica L. (Kew), H. triloba Chaix, H. nobilis Moench). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Florida and Missouri. Kidney Liver-leaf, Common Liver-leaf, Live rwort* (a name belonging rather to Marchantia), Noble Liverwort, Three-leaved or Heart Liver- wort, Liver-weed, Golden Trefvil, Herb Trinity, Ivy-flower, Mouse-ears, Spring-beauty*, Squirrel-cup; Ger. Leberblume, Leberkraut, Edel-Leberkraut; Fr. Hépatique. Leaves; Folia hepatici (nobilis, ) H. hepaticze, H. trifolii aurei; tonic, deob- struent. 982. HERACLEUM, L. Cow Parsnip. Umbelliferae. Greek name of a plant, from the Hercules of myth. Peren- nial herbs. About 60 species, northern hemisphere; 1 in U.S. a. H. landtum Michx. British America south to N. Carolina, Utah and California. Cow Parsnip, Masterwort, Madness, Madnep, Youthwort. Root and seed acrid, used in epilepsy, in dyspepsia, ete. b. H. sphondylium L. (H. Branca-ursina All.). Europe and northern Asia. European Cow-parsnip, Bear’s-breach*, Hog- weed; Ger. Biirenklaue, Heilkraut; Fr. Berce, Fausse Acanthe. Properties of (a). 983, HERMANNIA, L. Hermannia. Sterculiaceae. Named for Paul Hermann, Professor of botany at Leyden. Undershrubs. About 90 species, tropical regions of both hemi- spheres; 2 in U. 8. 188 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 984. HERMIDIUM, S. Wats. Hermidium. Nyctaginaceae. Herb. A single species, Nevada. ‘985. HERRANIA, Goudot. Herrania. Sterculiaceae. Trees related to Theobroma. About 4 species, warmer re- gions of New World. The seeds of (a) H. albiflora Goud»t and some other species are used in 8. America as substitutes for Cacao, Cacao Cimarrona. 986. HESPERALCEA, Greene. Hesperalcea. Malvaceae. From Greek, ‘‘western Mallow’. Syn. Sidalcea, in part. Robust annual. One species, California. 987. HESPERALOE, Engelm. Hesperaloe. Liliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘western Aloe’. Plant resembling Yucca. Two species, southwestern U. S. 988. HESPE RELAEA, Gray. Hesperelea. Oleaceae. From Greek, ‘‘western Olive’. A small tree. Onespeeies, Guadalupe Island. 989. HESPEREVAX, Gray. Hesperevax. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘western Evax’’. Syn. Evax, Psilocarphus, Stylocline, in part. Floccose-woolly herbs. About 5 spe- cies, California. 990. HESPERIS, L. - Rocket. ; Cruciferae. Ancient Greek name of (a), flower of the‘‘evening’’. Biennial or perennial herbs. About 30 species, Europe and Asia. a. H. matronalis L. Europe and Asia, cult. and adv. in U. S. Dame’s Rocket, Dame’s Violet, Garden Rocket, Sweet Rocket, Damask Violet, Summer Lilac, Dame’s or Queen’s Gillifiower; Night-scented, Rogue’s or Winter Gilliflower. Plant reputed diuretic. ‘991. HESPEROCALLIS, Gray. Hesperocallis. Liliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘evening beauty”. Scapose herb with large flowers in a simple raceme. One species, California. 992. HESPEROCNIDE, Torr. Hesperocnide. _ Urticaceae. ‘ From Greek, ‘‘western nettle’. Perennial herbs, related to Urtica. Two'species, one in Hawaiian Islands one in California. 2 993. HETERANTHERA, R. & Pay. 1794. Pontederiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘with diverse anthers’. Syn.Schollera, Schreb. 1789, not Roth. 1788; also Leptanthus, Pontederia, Comme- linaf, in part. Marsh or aquatic herbs. About 10 species, 2 of Africa, the rest of America, 4in U. 8S. The best known is (a) H. ditbia (Jacq.) MacM. (C. dubia Jacq., L. gramineus Michx., H. graminea Vahl. (Kew), S. graminea A. Gray). Water Star-grass. (b) H. reniformis R. & P. and (c) H. limésa (Sw. ) Willd. are called Mud Plantain. 994. HETEROCODON, Nutt. Heterocodon. Campanulaceae. From Greek, ‘different bells’, alluding to dimorphism of corollas. Syn. Campanula, in part. Annual herb. One spe- cies, Pacific coast of U. S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 189 995. HETERODRABA, Greene. Heterodraba. Cruciferae. From Greek, a ‘‘different Draba”. Slender diffuse annual. One species, Pacific coast of U. 8. 996. HETEROGAURA, Rothr. Heterogaura. Qnagraceae. From Greek, a ‘‘different Gaura’’. Annual herb with habit of Clarkia. One species, California. 997. HELEROMELES, Roemer. California Holly. Pomaceae. From Greek, a ‘ different Medlar’. Syn. Photinia, Crataegus, Mespilus, in part. A small evergreen tree, bearing ample clusters of red berries. One species; (a) H. arbutifolia (H. Ait. f.)Roem. (C. arbutifolia Ait. not Poir., P. arbutifolia Lind. (Kew), M. arbutifolia Link., H. Fremontiana Decne. ). California Holly, California Christmas-berry, Laurel Hawthorn, Toyon, Tollon. 998. HETEROSPERMUM, Cav. (Heterosperma). Compositae. From Greek, with ‘‘dissimilar seeds’. Annual herbs with small heads of yellow flowers. About 7 species, Mexico to S. America; 1 in southern U. 8. 999. HETEROTHECA, Cass. Heterotheca. Compositae. From Greek, with ‘‘dissimilar cases’, alluding to achenes. Herbs with rather large flower heads (yellow). About 6 spe- cies, Mexico and northward; 2 in U.S. 1000. HEUCHERA, L. —Alum-root, etc. — Saxifragaceae. Named for Prof. J. H. von Heucher, German botanist, d. 1747. Perennial herbs, leaves mostly basal. About 20 species, N. America; 17 in U. S. mostly southwestern. a. H. Americana L. Ontario to Alabama, west to Louisiana and. Minnesota. Alum-root, Common Alum-root, American Sanicle Split-rock, Cliff-weed. Root of this and other species astrin- gent. The names American Sanicle and Ground Maple apply especially to (b) H. villésa Michx., Virginia to Tennessee. 1001. HEVEKA, Aubl. Brasilian Rubber tree. Euphorbiaceae. From vernacular, hevé, S. America. Syn. Siphonia, Rich..,. also Jatropha, in part. Trees. About 12 species, tropical S. America. a. H. Guianénsis Aublet. (S. Guyanensis Juss., S. elastica Pers., J. elastica L. f.). Source of Para rubber. Prepared milk-juice: (of this and other species); clastica, U. S. P., India-rubber, Caoutchouc (Cautschuc), Resina elastica, Gummi elasticum; Ger. Kautschuk, Federharz; Fr. Caoutchoue (Codex); Sp. Cahuchu, Goma elastica. Brasilian rubber is obtained also- from te H, Brasiliénsis Muell. (S. Brasiliensis Kunth.) and from (c) H. discolor Muell. From the seeds of (b) is obtained: Siringa oil, used for making soap. 1002. HEXALECTRIS, Raf. Crested Coral-root. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘six crested’. Syn. Bletia, in part. Teres- trial orchid with coralloid roots. One species, N. Carolina to Florida and Mexico. - 190 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1008. HIBISCUS, L. Hibiscus, Rose Mallow, ete. Malvaceae. Ancient Greek name of mallow. Syn. Abelmoschus, in part. Herbs, shrubs or small trees with showy flowers. About 180 species, warm and temperate regions; 17 in U. 8. (including naturalized species ). a. H. Abelméschus L. (H. moschatus Moench). India and Egypt, nat. tropical America. Musk Mallow. Seeds Musk- seed, Amber-seed, Ambrette; Semen abelmoschi, Grana mos- chata, Semen alcee egyptiacee; Ger. Bisamkérner; Fr. Ambre ta, Grains d@’ ambrette; used in perfumery for their musk-like odor. b. H. cannabinus L. (H. radiatus Cavan.). Tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. Ambaree, Bastard Jute, Brown Indian Hemp. Leaves used as a pot herb. Plant cultivated for its jute-like fibre. «. H. eseuléntus L. (A. esculentus Guil. et. Per.). Tropical Africa and widely cult. Okra, Ochro, Gumbo, Okra bandakai. Unripe capsules mucilaginous, esculent. d. H. militaris Cav. (H. Virginicus Walt.). Pennsylvania to Florida, west to Louisiana and Minnesota. Halberd-leaved Rose-Mallow, Sweating-weed. e. H. Moschetitos L. Brackish marshes, Massachusetts to Florida and Louisiana. Swamp Rose-Mallow, Mallow Rose, Sea Holly- hock, Swamp or Water Mallow. f. H. Résa Sinénsis L. Tropical Asia and cult. for ornament. China Rose, Chinese Rose, Shoe-black plant, Shoe-flower. Root mucilaginous, used like Althea. Bark reputed emmena- gogue. Mowers yield a black dye. g. H. Sabdariffa L. Tropical Asia and Africa and widely cult. Red or Guinea Sorrel, Rosella, Rozelle. In Mexico and Texas called Jamaica; Fr. Useille de Guinée, Ketmie acide. Calyx acidulous, mucilaginous, refrigerant, used in jellies, ete. Plant yields the rosella fiber. h. H. Syriacus, L. Western Asia, cult. and adv. in U. S. Shrubby Althea, Rose of Sharon. i. H. Triénum L. Southern Europe, nat. in eastern U. 8. Blad- der Ketmia, Flower-of-an-hour, Black-eyed Susan, Devil’s- head-in-a-bush, Modesty, Venice Mallow. 1004. HICORIA, Raf. 1808 ( Hicorius). Hickory. Juglandaceae. From vernacular ficort of aborigines, Syn. Carya, Nutt. 1818; Juglans, in part. Trees, mostly with tough hard woud and oily seeds. About 12 species, N. America; 11 in U. S. Old American name Kiskatom, whence Kiskitomas-nut (Kisky- Thomas nutt), no longer in use. a. H. alba (L.) Brit. (J. alba L., J. tomentosa Lam., ©. tomentosa ~ Nutt., H. maxima Raf.). Ontario and eastern U. S., west to Nebraska. White-heart Hickory (Hiccory, Pohickery,) White or Fragrant Hickory, Bull-nut, King-nut, Mecker-nut, Hard- bark, Red or Black Hickory. Kernel esculent. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 191 b. H, aquatica (Michx. f.) Raf. (J. aquatica Michx. f., C. aquatica Nutt.). Southeastern U. 8., west to Texas. Water Hickory, Swamp Hickory, Bitter Pecan, Water Bitter-nut. Kernel bitter. _ Wood soft. e. H. glabra (Mill.) Brit. (J. glabra Mill., C. porcina Nutt., H. porcina Raf.). Canada and eastern U. S., west to Minnesota. Pig-nut, Pig-nut Hickory, Bitrer-nut, Hog-nut, Broom Hickory; Black, Brown, Red or White Hickory. Kernel astringent and bitter. d. H. laciniésa (Michx. f.) Sarg. (J. laciniosa Michx. f., C. sul- cata Nutt., H. suleata Raf.). New York to Tennessee, west to Indian Territory. Big Shag-bark, Shell-bark Hickory, King-nut; Big, Thick or Western Hickory. Nut thick-shelled. Kernel esculent. e. H. microcarpa ( Nutt.) Raf. (J. alba var. odorata Marsh., C. microcarpa Nutt., H. glabra var. odorata Sarg.). Massachusetts to Virginia, west to Missouri. Small-fruited Hickory, Balsam Hickory, Little Shag-bark, Small or Little Pig-nut. Nut thin shelled. Kernel esculent. f. H. minima (Marsh) Brit. (J. alba var. minima Marsh, J. sulcata Willd., C. amara Nutt., H. amara Raf.). Bitter-nut, Bitter Pig-nut, Swamp or Bitter Hickory. Kernel very bitter. g-. H. ovata ( Mill.) Brit. (J. ovata Mill., C. alba Nutt., not J. alba L.). Canada and eastern U.S., west to Minnesota. Shag-bark, Shag-bark Hickory, Shell-bark or Scale-bark Hickory, White Hickory, Redheart or Upland Hickory, King- nut, White or Sweet Walnut. Nut thin shelled. Kernel es- culent. h. H, Pecan (Marsh.) Britton (J. Pecan Marsh., H. oliveformis Raf., C. oliveformis Nutt.). Indiana and Kentucky, west to Texas and Iowa. Pecan, Peccan, ILllinois-nut, Illinois Pecan, Soft-shell Hickory. Seed very sweet, yields a bland, pleasant-flavored fixed oil. 1005. HIERACIUM, L. Hawkweed, Speer-hawk. Cichoriaceae. Ancient Greek name of a different plant, meaning ‘‘hawk- weed”. Syn. Pilosella, in part. Perennial herbs. About 300 species, north temperate zone and Andes mountains; 37 in U.S. (including some naturalized); Ger. Habichtskraut; Fr. Eper- viére. ; a. H. aurantiacum L. Europe, nat. in U.S. Orange or Tawny Hawkweed or Hawkbit, Golden Mouse-ear Hawkweed, Grim-the-collier, Devil’s Paint-brush, Flora’s Paint-brush. b. H. Canadénse Michx. British America, south to New Jersey and Michigan. Canada Hawkweed, High Dandelion. c. H. Gronéyii L., Hairy Hawkweed and (d) H. sedbrum (Michx.), Rough Hawkweed, both of eastern U.S. to Canada, are used for relief of toothache. 192 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS e. H. murérum L. Europe, ady. in U. S. Wall Hawkweed,. French Lungwort, Golden Lungwort; Ger. Gelbes. Lungen-- kraut; Fr. Pulmonaire des Francais. Plant bitter, vulnerary. f. H. Pilosélla L. Europe, adv. in U. 8. Mouse-ear Hawkweed, Mouse Bloodwort, Ling Gowans, Felon-herb; Ger. Miuse- Shrchen; Fr. Piloselle, Oreille de souris. Plant bitter, astrin-- gent. g. H. praedltum Vill. Europe, adv. in U. S. King-devil, a. troublesome weed. h. H. umbellatum L. Europe. Ger. Lungenhabichtskraut. Plant used in asthma. i. H. venédsum L. Canada to Georgia, west to Nebraska and Mani-. toba. Rattlesnake-weed, Poor Robin’s Plantain, Vein-leaf or Veiny-leaved Hawkweed or Hawkbit, Snake Plantain, Striped Bloodwort, Bloodwort, Early Hawkweed. Plant reputed an. antidote to snake bites. 1006. HIPPOCRATEA, L. Hippocratea. Celastraceae. Named in honor of Hippocrates, the father of medicine. Climbing shrubs. About 30 species, tropical regions especially of New World; 1 in U. 8. 1007. HIPPOMANE, L. Manchineel. | Euphorbiaceae. Ancient Greek plant name, from ‘‘horse’’ and ‘‘madness’’. Syn. Mancinella, Tuss. 1824, Manganilla Adans. 1763. ‘Tree- with poisonous milk sap. One species, tropical America. a. H. Maneinélla L. (M. venenata Tussac, H. Manganilla Jacq. ). West Indies, Florida, Panama, Venezuela, etc., Manchineel, Manzanillo. Sap a powerful irritant, a skin poison, emeto-- cathartic, ete. 1008. HIPPURIS, L. Mare’s-tail, etc. Haloragidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘horse’s tail”. Aquatic herbs with whorled: leaves. Three species, temperate and frigid zones; 3 in U. S. a. H. vulgaris L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south: to Maine, N. Mexico and California. Mare’s-tail (originally Female Horse-tail), Bottle-brush, Cat’s-tail, Joint-weed, Knot-- grass*, Female Knot-grass, Paddock-pipes, Witches’ -milk; Ger. Schafthalm; Fr. Pesse d’ eau. 1009. HOFFMANSEGGIA, Cav.Hoffmanseggia.Caesalpinaceae. Named for J. Centurius, Graf. Hoffmansegge. Syn. Pomaria,. Caesalpinia, in part. Herbs or low shrubs. About 20 species, western America and south Africa; 10 in southwestern U. S. 1010. HOFMEISTERIA, Walp. Hofmeisteria. Compositae. Named for W. Hofmeister, vegetable histologist. Syn. Helogyne, Benth. 1844, not Nutt. 1841. Low suffrutescent plants. Three species, Arizona to lower California; 1 in south-- western U. S. 1011. HOLARRHENA, R. Br. Conessi Bark. Apocynaceae.. Trees or shrubs. About 10 species, tropical Asia and Africa.. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 193 a. H. antidysentérica Wall. (Wrightia antidysenterica R. Br.). India. Bark, Conessi bark, Tellicherry bark; bitter, tonic, febrifuge, antidysenteric. 1012. HOLLISTERIA, S. Wats, Hollisteria. Polygonaceae. White-woolly herbs with stems dichotomously branched. One species, California. 1018. HOLOCARPHA, Greene. -Holocarpha. Compositae. From Greek, ‘“‘entire chaff’. Syn. Hemizonia, in part. Herb. One species, western U. S. 1014. HOLODISCUS, Maxim. Holodiscus. Rosaceae. Syn. Spirzea, in part. Shrubs with panicles of small white flowers. About 3 species, southwestern U. S. 1015. HOLOSTEUM, L. Jagged Chickweed. Caryophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘wholly bone,’’ appropriateness not obvious. Insignificant herbs. Three species, Old World; 1 nat. in U.S. 1016. HOLOZONIA, Greene. Holozonia.. Compositae. Syn, Lagophylla, in part. Perennial herb with small flower- heads. One species, California. 1017. HOMALOBUS, Nutt. Milk Veteh. Papilionaceae. Syn. Astragalus, Kentrophyta, Ervum, in part. Perennial herbs. About 6 species, Mexico and adjacent regions; 3 in U.S. 1018. HOOKERA, Salisb. Hookera. Liliaceae. Named for Wm. Jackson Hooker, English botanist, d. 1865. Syn. Brodiza, in part. Scapose herbs. About 15 species, New World; 8 in U. S. 1019. HORDEUM, L. - Barley. - Gramineae. The ancient Latin name, meaning perhaps“‘bristly”. Grass- es with flowers in close spikes. About 12 species. Synonyms Bear, Bigg, Haules, Hoils, Pillards. a. H. vulgare L. Orient, now widely cultivated in cooler climates. To this species may be referred the numerous varieties of Barley; Ger. Gerste; Fr. Orge; 1. Two-rowed Barley, H. disti- chon L., including the Common English Barley, the Golden, Italian and Siberian varieties; 2. the Six-rowed Barley, H. hexastichon L., including Scotch, bear, Red and Square Bar- ley; 3. the so-called Four-rowed Barley, H. vulgare L., in the restricted application of that name, including Russian and French, Spring, Winter, Black, Naked and Wheat Barley; 4. the Dinkel and related Barleys, H. zevocriton L., including Turkish, Rice, Sprat, Battledore, Fulham and Putney Barley. Seeds esculent. Husked seeds, Pearl Barley, Hordeum decorti- catum, Br., Hordeum perlatum; Ger. Perlgerste, Perlgraupen; Fr. Orge perlé (Codex); nutrient. Seeds, sprouted and then dried constitute malt, used in brewing and in preparation of easily digested foods for infants or invalids. 1020. HORKELIA, Cham. &Sch. Horkelia. Rosaceae. Syn. Potentilla (Kew), in part. Perennial herbs resembling Potentilla. About 23 species, Pacific Border of U. S. 194 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1021. HOTTONIA, L. Featherfoil, ete. Primulaceae. Named for Prof. Peter Hotton of Leyden, d. 1709. Pretty aquatic herbs with whorled leaves. Two species, one of Euro- Asia, one of eastern U. S. Synonyms, Water-feather, Water Gilliflower, Water Violet, Water Yarrow; Ger. Wasserviole; Fr. Plume d’eau. 1022. HOUSTONIA, L. Bluets, Venus’-pride. Rubiaceae. Named for Dr. William Houston, English botanist, d. 1733. Syn. Oldenlandia, Hedyotis, in part. Low herbs with small blue, purple or white flowers. About 25 species, N. America; 18 in U.S. a. H. coertilea L. (Hed. ccerulea Hook., O. coerulea A. Gray). Nova Scotia to Alabama, west to Michigan. Bluets, Innocence, Angel's-eyes, Blue-eyed grass, Bright-eyes, Eye-bright*, Little- washerwoman, Nuns, Quaker-bonnets, Quaker-ladies, Star-of- Bethlehem*, Venus’-pride, Wild Forget-me-not. (b) H. an- gustifélia Michx. and (c) H. miner (Michx. ) Brit. are called Star Violet. 1023. HOUTTUYNIA, Thunb. 1784 (Houtouynia). Piperaceae. Named for M. Houttuyn, Dutch botanical writer, 18th century. Syn. Anemopsis, Hook. 1838, Anemonopsis Pritz., not S. & Z. Marsh plants. Two species, one of eastern Asia, one of California. a. H. Californica B. & H. (A. Californica H. & A., A. Berlanderi C. DC.). California to Mexico. Yerba Mansa. Root pun- gent. 1024. HOWELLIA, A. Gray. Howellia. Lobeliaceae. Named for the discoverers, Joseph and Thomas T. Howell. Delicate aquatic or marsh herbs. ‘Two species, Pacific coast of U. S. 1025. HOYA, R. Br. Wax plant. Asclepiadaceae. Named for Thomas Hoy, English gardener. erbaceous climbers. About 50 species, tropical Asia to Australia; (a) H. carnésa R. Br. from India is the well known Wax plant, cult. for ornament. 1026. HUDSONIA, L. False Heather, ete. Cistaceae. Named for William Hudson, English botanist, d. 1793. Heath-like plants, very showy in bloom. Three species, east- ern U.S. a. H. ericoides L. Nova Scotia to Virginia. Heath-like Hud- soniaZ, Field Pine, Poverty-grass. b. H. tomentésa Nutt. Canada and northeastern U. S. Woolly Hudsonia, False Heather, Beach Heather, Heath, Bear-grass, Dog’s-dinner, Ground Cedar, Ground Moss, Poverty-grass. 1027. HULSEA,T.&Gr. - . Hulsea. - Compositae. _ Named for Dr. G. W. Hulse, U.S. Army. Viscid-pubescent balsamic herbs. Six species, California to Washington. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 195 1028. HUMULUS, L. = Hop. - Moraceae. The Latin name, probably of Teutonic origin. Twining perennials. Two species, north temperate zone; 1 in U.S. a. H. Luipulus L. Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Georgia and Arizona, also widely cult. Hop vine, Bine, Bur, Seeder, anciently known as Lupus salictarius (Pliny). Among the varieties are ‘‘White Bine”, ‘‘Golding’ and ‘‘Grape’’. Strobiles, Hops; Humulus, U.S. P., Lupulus, Br., Strobili humuli v. lupuli, Coni lupuli; Ger. Hopfen, Hopfenzapfen, Hopfenkiatzchen; Fr. Cone de houblon (Codex). Glandular powder from strobiles, Lupulin, Lupulite; Lupulinum, U.S. P. Br., Glandulz lupuli, Lupulina; Ger. Hopfenmehl; Fr. Lupu- . line (Codex). Bitter, tonic, sedative. 1029. HURA, L. Sand-box tree. Euphorbiaceae. From the vernacular name, S. America. Trees. Two species, tropical America. a. H. erépitans L. (H. Brasiliensis Willd). West Indies and trop- ical America. Sand-box tree. In 8. America called Ajuapar or Acupa, in Brazil, Assacu or Ussacu, in Panama, Javilla. Fruit when ripe bursts with a loud report, scattering the seeds, hence called the Devil’s Sand-box and the Monkey’s Dinner- bell. Seeds, known in Mexico as Habilla (Pepita) de San Ignacio, drastic cathartic. The acrid bark (casca de assacu) is used medicinally. 1030. HUTCHINSIA, R. Br. 1812. Hutchinsia. Cruciferae. Named for Miss Hutchins, botanist of Bantry, Ireland. Syn. Hymenolobus, Nutt. 1838; Lepidium, Capsella, in part. Low herbs. About 8 species, northern hemisphere; 1 in U.S. 1031. HYDRANGEA, L. Hydrangea. Saxifragaceae. From Greek, a ‘‘water vessel”, alluding to shape of capsule. Shrubs or small trees with flowers in corymbs. About 35 spe- cies, New World and eastern Asia; 5 in U.S. a. H. arboréscens L. (H. vulgaris Michx.). New York and eastern U.S. Hydrangea (Hydrangia), Wild Hydrangea, Seven-bark, Bissum. Root diuretic, lithontriptic. % b. H. Thunbérgi Siebold. Japan. Leaves used for tea, called ‘Tea of Heaven”. 1032. HYDRASTIS, Ellis 1759. Golden-seal. Ranunculaceae. From Greek, ‘‘water compelling’’, i. e. hydragogue. Syn. Warnera, Mill. 1768. Perennial herbs from a thickened yel- low rootstock. Two known species, one of Japan; 1 in U. S. 4 a. H, Canadénsis L. (W. Canadensis Miller). Ontarioto Georgia, west to Missouri and Minnesota. Golden-seal, Orange-root, Yellow-root, Yellow Puccoon, Yellow Indian-paint, Turmeric- root, Ohio Curcuma, Indian Turmeric, Ground Raspberry, Eye- root, Eye-balm, Yellow-eye, Jaundice-root, Indian dye; Ger. Kanadisches Gelbwurz, Kanadisches Wasserkraut, Gelbes Blutkraut; Fr. Racine orange, Sceau d’or; Sp. Raiz amarilla, 196 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS Sella de oro. Rhizome and rootlets; Hydrastis, U S. P., Hy- drastis rhizoma, Br.; bitter, tonic, alterative. Contains ber- berine and hydrastine, which latter by oxidation yields Hydras- tinine U.S. P. 1033. HYDROCOTYLE, L. Marsh Pennywort. Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘water cup’’. Perennial herbs, commonly with peltate leaves. About 75 species, widely distributed; 7 in U.S. Synonyms, Fairy-table, Shilling-grass; Ger. Wasserna- bel. Of our indigenous species, the more important are (a) H. Americana L., American Marsh Pennywort, Penny-post; (b) H. ranuneuloides L. f. (H. natans T. & Gr.), Floating Marsh Pennywort,; (c) H. umbellata L., Umbellate or Many- flowered Marsh Pennywort, Navelwort, Sheepsbane, Water- grass, in Mexico Ombligo de Venus, and (d) H. verticillata Thunb. (H. vulgaris L. (Kew), H. interrupta Muhl.), Whorl- ed Marsh or Water Pennywort, Penny-grass, Penny-rot. Pro- perties of 424 (a), q. v. 1034. HYDROPHYLLUM, Water-leaf. Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘water leaf’’. Herbs with coarse foliage and rather showy flowers. About 7 species, all of U.S. a. H. Virginicum L. is sometimes called Bur flower or Brook- flower. 1085. HYGROPHILA, R. Br. Hygrophila. Acanthaceae. From Greek, ‘‘moisture loving’. Herbs. About 25 species, tropical and sub-tropical; 1 in U. S. 1036. HYMENAEFA, L. 1752, Courbaril. — Caesalpinaceae. Dedicated to Hymen, the leaves having each a single pair of leaflets. Syn. Courbari, Adans. 1763. Trees. About 12 spe- cies, tropical America. a. H. Coutrbaril L. Tropical America. South American Locust tree, Courbaril, Varnish tree, Algarroba (of Panama). Wood exceedingly heavy and strong. Seeds surrounded by a saccha- rine edible pulp. Tree source of West Indian Coval or Coapi- nole (Mueller). South American Anime has been wrongly re- ferred to this source (Nat. Dispensatory). 1037. HYMENOCALLIS, Salish. Spider Lily. Amaryllidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘beautifui membrane’’, alluding to the crown. Syn. Pancratiumf, in part.. Ornamental bulbous herbs; flowers white, fragrant, the filaments connected by a web-like crown. Abeut 30 species, New World; 11 in U. S. 1038. HYMENOCLEA, Torr. & Gr. Hymenoclea. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘enclosed membrane’’. Low shrubby plants. with numerous small flower-heads. Two species, southwestern U.S 1039. HYMENOPAPPUS, L’Her. Hymenopappus. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘membrane pappus.’’ Herbs with rather small discoid flower-heads (white or yellow). About 10 species, all of southern U. S. and Mexico. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 197 1040. HYMENOTHRYX, Gray. Hymenothryx. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘membrane bristle’, alluding to the pappus. Herbs. Two known species, southwestern U. S. 1041. HYOSCYAMDUS, L. Henbane. Solanaceae. The ancient Greek name, meaning ‘‘hog bean”. Coarse, viscid-pubescent herbs. About 15 species, Mediterranean re- gion; 1 nat. in U. 8S. a. H. albus L. Southern Europe. White Henbane. Properties of (b). Seeds are official in French Codex. b. H. niger L. Southern Europe, sparingly nat. in U.S. Black Henbane, Henbane (Henbell, Henkam), Fetid or Stinking Nightshade, Hog’s-bean, Insane-root, Belene. Chenile, Loaves- of-bread, Poison Tobacco; Ger. Bilsenkraut (schwarzes), Teu- felsaugenkraut; Fr. Jusquiame noir (Codex); Sp. Belefio negro, Leaves of second year’s growth; Hyoscyamus U. S. P., Hyos- cyami folia, Br., Herba hyoscyami, P.G. [The seeds also were formerly official. still so in the Codex]. Sedative, deliriant narcotic. Contains the alkaloids atropine and hyoscine. 1042. HYPELATE, P. Br. White Ironwood. Sapindaceae. The ancient Greek name of Butcher’s Broom. Syn. Amy- rist, Melicocca, in part. A small tree, West Indies to Florida. 1048.. HYPERICUM, L. St. John’s-wort. Hypericaceae. The ancient Greek name, ‘‘under heather’. Syn. Sarothra, Androsemum, in part. Herbs with punctate or black-dotted leaves and yellow flowers. About 210 species, widely distribut- ed; 34in U.S. a. H. Androsaémum L. Gr vulgare Gaertn., A. officinale All. ). Asia Minor. Tutsan (Tipsen, Titson, Titsy, Stitson; Fr. toute- saine), Park-leaves, Touch-leaves, Touch-and-heal, Sweet-am- ber, Sweet-leaf, White-amber. Plant vulnerary. b. H. perforatum L. (H. vulgare Lam., H. officinale Gates, H. officinarum Crantz). Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U.S. Common St. John’s-wort, John’s-wort, St. John, Herb John, Penny-John, Amber, Balm-of-warrior’s-wound, Cammock, Hyssop*, Rosin-rose, Touch-and-heal; Ger. Johanniskraut, Johannisblut, Hartheu, Hexenkraut, Hasenkraut, Teufelsflucht; Fr. Millepertuis (Codex), Casse-diable; Sp. Hypericon. Flow- ering tops; Herba v. Summitates hyperici; bitter, terebinthinate, vulnerary. Used in preparation of Oleum hyperici, Red Oil. Some other species may be equally effective. The more note- worthy (indigenous) are (c) H. Aseyron L. (H. pyramidatum Ait.), Great or Giant St. John’s-wort; (d) H. grayéolens Buckley, Mountain St. John’s-wort; (e) H. maculatum Walt. (H. corymbosum Muhl.), Spotted or Corymbed St. John’s- wort and (f) H. prolificum L., Shrubby St. John’s-wort, Broom-brush, Paint-brush. See Sarothra. 1044. HYPHAENE, Gaertn. | Doum Palm. _ Sabalaceae. From a Greek word meaning to ‘‘weave’’. Branching fan- palms. About 10 species, Africa, Arabia and Madagascar. 198 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. H. erinita Gaertn. (H. Thebaica Mart.). Northeastern Africa and Arabia. Doum Palm, Doom Palm, Gingerbread tree, Mealy husk of fruit edible, resembling gingerbread in taste. 1045. HYPOCHOERIS, L. (Hypochaeris). Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘for pigs’, these animals being fond of its roots. Perennial herbs with basal leaves and large flower-heads (yel- low). About 50 species, Europe, Asia and 8. America; 2 nat. U. 8S. Synonyms, Cat’s-ear, Gosmore; Ger. Saukraut; Fr. Porcelle. Roots of some 8S. American species used like Salsify. 1046. HYPOPITYS, Adans. Pine-sap, etc. Monotropaceae. From Greek, ‘‘under fir trees’’. Syn. Monotropa, in part. Scapose saprophyte, with flowers in a one-sided raceme. One species, north temperate zone (U. 8.). a. H. Hypépitys (L.) Small (M. Hypopitys L., H. multiflora Scop. (Kew), H. lanuginosa Raf.,H. Monotropa Crantz). North- ern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Florida and Ari- zona. False Beech-drops, Pine-sap, Fir-rape, Bird’s-nest, Yellow Bird’s-nest. Plant bitter, nauseant, diuretic. 1047. HYPOXIS, L. Star-grass. Amaryllidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘acute below’, perhaps descriptive of the cap- sule. Syn. Ornithogalum, in part. Perennial herbs from a corm, with grass-like leaves. About 50 species, warmer regions of Old and New World; 3 in U.S. a. H. hirstita (L.) Coville (O. hirsutum L. 1753, H. erecta L. 1759). British America and eastern U.S. Star-grass, Yellow ‘Star-grass. Root detergent, vulnerary. 1048. HYSSOPUS, L. Hyssop. Labiatae. Ancient Greek name of some aromatic herb. Perennial aro- matic herb. One species, southern Europe, nat. in U. 8. a. H. officinalis L. (H. canescens DC., H. orientalis Adam, ete. ). Hyssop (Ezob, Isop), Garden Hyssop; Ger. Ysop, Eiserig; Fr. Hysope (Codex);Sp. Hissopo. Flowering herb, aromatic, bitter, vulnerary. 1049. IBERIS, L. Candy-tuft, ete. Cruciferae. Name from Iberia, i. e. Spain. Herbs, some ornamental. About 20 species, Mediterranean region. The Candy-tuft of gardens is (a) I. umbellata L. of southern Europe; the white variety is I. Coronaria Don, not a distinct species. 1050. IBERVILLEA, Greene. Ibervillea. Cucurbitaceae. Syn. MaximowicziaCogn., not Rupr. Perennial herbaceous climbers. Two species, Texas. 1051. ICACOREA, Aubl. Marlberry Cherry. Myrsinaceae. From vernacular (Carib) name. Syn. Ardisia, Bladhia, Cyrilla, Pickeringia, in part. Shrubs. About 200 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres; 1 in Florida, viz. (a) I. pasion lots (Nutt.) Sudw. (C. paniculata Nutt.). _Marlberry Cherry. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 199 1052. ICHTHYOMETHIA, Jamaica Dogwood. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘fish intoxicant’’. Syn. Piscidia, L. 1759; Erythrina, in part. A West Indiantree. One species; extends to Florida. a. I, Piscipula (L.) Kze. (E. Piscipula L., P. Piscipula Sarg; P. Erythrina Jaeq., P. toxicaria Salisb., P. inebrians Medic.) West Indies to Florida. Jamaica Dogwood, White Dogwood, Manaca*; Ger. Piscidie; Fr. Bois enivrant; Sp. Colorin de peces. Bark of root, narcotic, analgesic, sedative. Used to stupefy fish. See Cracca (b) and (c). 1058. ILEX, L. Holly, Winterberry. Ilicaceae. Ancient name of Holly Oak. Syn. Prinos, in part. Shrubs or trees with berry-like fruit, some evergreen. About:160 species, most numerous in New World; 14 in U. S. a. I. Aquifolium L. Europe. European Holly, Aunt Mary’s tree, Christmas, Crocodile, He-Holly (also She-Holly), Hulver (Helver, Holiverd, Hollin, Hollen, Hollond, Holyn), Holm, Sparked Holm, Prick-Hollin, Poison-berry; Ger. Stech- palme, Stecheiche, Christdorn; Fr. Houx. Leaves anti-arthri- tic. Fruit emeto-cathartic. Bark yields bird lime. Wood very white and close-grained. b. I. Cassine L. (I. Dahoon Walt. (Kew); includes I. myrtifolia Walt.). Southeastern U.S. Dahoon Holly, Yaupon. c. I. decidua Walt. Southeastern U. S. Swamp or Meadow Holly, Bear-berry, Possum Haw. Properties and uses of (k). d. I. opaca Ait. [I. quercifolia Meerb. (Kew)]. Maine to Florida, west to Texas and Missouri. American Holly, White Holly. Properties of (a), but leaves are said to be sedative and expectorant. e. I, Paraguénsis St. Hil. (1. Paraguariensis Don., I. Paraguayen- sis Hook., I. theeezans Bonpl. not Mart.). Brazil and Argen-> tina. Paraguay Tea, Jesuit’s or St. Bartholomew’s Tea, Yerba Maté; Ger. Jesuitenthée, St. Bartholomykraut; Fr. Maté (Codex). Leaves contain Caffeine. Used like Chinese tea. (f) I. Gongonha Lamb., (g) I. théezans Mart. and some other species are used also as yerba maté. h. I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray (P. verticillatus L.). Canada and eastern U.S. Black or False Alder, Striped or White Alder, Virginia or Common Winterberry, Feverbush. Bark astringent, tonic, febrifuge. Similar properties are ascribed to (i) I, glabra (L) A. Gray (P. glaber L.), Massachusetts to Florida, west to Louisiana; Ink-berry, Dye-leaves, Gall-berry, Evergreen Winterberry and (j) I. laevigata (Pursh.) A. Gray (P. levigatus Pursh), Maine to Virginia. Smooth Winterberry, Hoop-wood, Can-hoop. ke Le: Yomitoria Ait, (1. Cassine, Walt,, (Kew), not L., 1 religioes _. Barth.). Southeastern U. 8., west to Texas, also in Bermuda. Cassena, Yaupon ( Youpon ), Emetic Holly, Indian Black-drink; 200 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS Appalachian, Indian, Carolina or South-sea Tea; Ger. Apal- achenthee, Carolinathee, Indischer Thee. Leaves, Folia apal- ac hinis, Fol. paraguee, contain caffeine and were formerly used by Indians to make their ‘‘black drink’. 1054. ILICIOLIDES, Dumont 1802. Mountain Holly. Hieaceae. From Greek, ‘resembling Holly’. Syn. Nemopanthus (Nemopanthes), Raf. 1819 (Kew); Vaccinium, in part. A deciduous shrub. One species, U. S. a. I, mucronata (L.) Britton (V. mucronatum L., N. fascicula- ris Raf. (Kew); N. Canadensis DC). Canada, south to Virginia and Wisconsin. Mountain Holly, Canadian or Wild Holly, Brick-timber, Cat-berry. 1055. ILLICIUM, L. Star- Anise. Magnoliaceae, From Latin, ‘‘enticing’’, alluding to the odor. Evergreen shrubs. About 6 species, eastern Asia, Japan and eastern N. America; 2 in U. S. - I. Floridanum Ell. Florida to Louisiana, Poison Bay, Stink- bush (of Louisiana), Sweet Laurel, Florida Anise tree, Florida Star-anise. Bark aromatic, tonic. Leaves and fruit have poisonous properties. oa . J. parvifl6rum Vent. (I. anisatum Bartr., not L.). Georgia to Florida. Properties of (a). oot said to resemble sassafras. I. religiésum Siebold (I. anisatum L. not Gaertn., I. San-ki Pers.). Eastern Asia and Japan. Sacred Anise tree. Bark, Lavola bark, used for incense. Leaves and fruit aromatic but poisonous. sd d. I. vérum Hook. f. (I. anisatum Gaertn., not L.). Southeastern China, cult. in China and Japan. Chinese Anise tree. Fruit, Star-anise, Chinese Anise; Illic1um. U.S. P.; Fructus (Semen) anisi stellati, Sem. badiani: Ger. Indischer Anis, Sternanis, Badian; Fr. Anis étoilé, Badiane; aromatic, carminative, with flavor of true Anise. 1056, ILYSANTHES, Raf. False Pimpernel. Scrophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘mud flower’. Syn. ue Laren. in part. Small herbs. About 10 species, 6 in U.S 1057. IMPATIENS, L. Touch-me-not. | Balsaminaceae. Name Latin, alluding to sensitiveness of capsules. Succulent herbs with irregular, often ornamental flowers. About 220 pecies, mostly of tropical Asia; 2 in U. S. a. I. atirea Muhl. (I. pallida, Nutt.). Quebec to Oregon, south to Georgia and Kansas. Pale Jewelweed, Pale Touch-me-not, Yellow or Golden Jewelweed, Wild Celandine, Ceroline, Wild Balsam, Pale Balsam-weed, Quick in- -the-hand, Silver-weed, Slipper-weed, Slippers, Wild Ladies’ slipper, Snap-weed, Weathercock. Herb aperient, diuretic. b. I. Balsimina L., from tropical Asia is the Common Garden Balsam; (c) I. Noli-tangere L. (1. Noli-me-tangere Crantz) is the European Touch-me-not or Wild ain called also Codded Arsmart. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR 201 d. I. biflora Walt. (I. fulva Nutt.). British America, south to Florida and Missouri. Spotted Touch-me-not, Cowslip*, Ear- jewel, Spotted or Orange Jewelweed, Speckeled Jewels or Jewel-weed, Balsam-weed, Wild Balsam, Brook Celandine (Solentine), Wild Celandine, Ceroline, Kicking-colt, Kicking- horses, Ladies’-eardrop, Ladies’ -pocket, Silver-leaf, Silver plant, Shining-grass, Slipper-weed, Wild Ladies’ -slipper, Snapdragon*, Snap-weed, Weathercock. Properties of (a). 1058. IMPERATORIA, L. Masterwort. Umbelliferae. From Latin, ‘imperial’. Peucedanum, Oreoselinu», in part. Robust perennial herbs. About 10 species, Old World. a. I. Ostrithium L. (P. Ostruthium Koch. (Kew), O. officinale Link.). Central and southern Europe adv. in U. S. Master- wort, Felon-grass, Felonwort, Imperial Masterwort, Broad- leaved Hog’s-fennel, Pellitory of Spain*;. Ger. Meisterwurz, Kaiserwurz, Ostritzwurz, Ostranz; Fr. Impératoire (Codex). Rhizome; Rhizoma (Radix) imperatorie y. ostruthii, R. as- trantiz; aromatic, acrid, masticatory, etc., sometimes mixed by accident or design with aconite root. Leaves used asa pot herb, and in manufacture of some kinds of Swiss cheese. 1059. INDIGOFERA, L. Indigo. Papilionaceae. From Latin, ‘“‘indigo yielding’. Herbs or shrubs. About 250 species, warm and temperate regions; 6 in U. S. including introduced species. a. I, Anil L. (I. tinctoria Blanco not L.). West Indies and tropi- cal America; Carolina and southward in eastern U. S., also cult. West Indian Indigo plant, Devil’s-eye, Anil (vernacular name whence our word aniline). Leaves source of the dye-stuff Indigo; Indicum, Pigmentum indicum; Ger. Indigo, Indig; Sp. Afil; formerly used in epilepsy, also reputed emmenagogue. Indigo is obtained also from (b) I. argéntea L. (I. cerulea Roxb., I. glauca Lam, I. tinctoria Forst., not L.), North Africa, east to India, also cult., and from (c) I. tinetéria L. (I. Indica Lam. not Mill. ), tropical Asia, Africa and Australia and widely cult. in tropical countries, East Indian Indigo plant. 1060. INGA, Scop. Inga tree. Mimosaceae. Vernacular name, S. America. Trees or large shrubs. About 150 species, tropical America. The pods of several spe- cies contain a saccharine pulp which in some is edible, in some is cathartic. 1061. INGENHOUZIA, DC. not Bert. ( Ingenhoussia. ) Malvaceae. Shrub resembling Gossypium. One species, Mexico and southern U. S._ 1062. INULA, L. (Enula). | Elecampane, etc. Compositae. Ancient Latin name of Elecampane, probably corrupted from Helenium, the Greek name. Syn. Astert, Conyza, Corvisartia, in part. Perennial herbs with large flower heads (yellow). About 90 species, Old World; 1 nat. in U. S. 202 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. I, Helénium L. (Cor. Helenium Merat, A. Helenium Scop. }. Central Asia and Europe, nat. in U. S. Elecampane (Alli- campane, Alicompane, Aligopane), Elf Dock, Elfwort, Horse- heal, Horse-elder, Inul, Scabwort, Yellow Starwort, Velvet Dock, Wild Sunflower; Ger. Alant, Glockenwurzel, Ottwurz; Fr. Aunée officinale, Grande aunée (Codex). oot; Inula, U.S. P., Radix helenii v. inule v. enuls; diuretic, expectorant,. reputed bactericide. Candied root a popular cough remedy. b. I. squarrésa (L.)Bernh. (Con. squarrosa L., I. Conyza DC. ). Europe. Plowman’s Spikenard, Cinnamon- root, Fleawort*, Lady’s-glove; Ger. Diirrwurz; Fr. Conyze. Herb diuretic, emmenagogue, insecticide. (c) I. erithmoides L. of southern Europe is called Golden Samphire; (d) I. Oculus-Christi L (I. Oculus Schr. ), Europe, is called Christ’s-eye. 1068. IODANTHUS, T. &Gr. Purple or False Rocket. Cruciferae. From Greek, “violet? ? colored ‘flower’. Syn. Hesperis, Thelypodium, in part. Herb with violet or white flowers in panicled racemes. One species, easternU. S. (1064. IODINA, Hook. & Arn. Todina. Aquifoliaceae. Shrubs. Two species, South America; (a) I. rhombifolia H. & A. is Quebracho flojo. Wood and bark rich in tannin. 1065. IONACTIS, Greene. Pine Starwort, ete. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘violet rayed”. Syn. Aster, Diplopappus, in part. Aster-like perennial herbs. Three known species, all of U.S a. I. linariifélins (L.) Greene (A. linariifolius L. (Kew), D linariifolius Hook.) Canada to Florida, west to Texas and Minnesota. Stiff Aster, Savory-leaved Aster, Sandpaper Star- wort, Pine Starwort. 1066. IPOMOEA, L. (Ipomeea, Tpomea). Convolvulaceae. From Greek, “worm like’, alluding to twining stems. Syn. Batatas, Calonyction, Convolvulus, Pharbitis, in part. Herbs, usually twining or trailing. About 300 species, widely distributed; 33 in U. 8. See also Exogonium. a. I. Batadtas Poiret (B. edulis Choisy, Cony. tuberosa). Tropi- cal America, now widely cult. Sweet Potato, Camote. Tubers esculent. The following species among others yield also edi- ble tubers; (b) I. Batatilla G. Don., Mererie (c) I. Calo- bra Hill & Muell., Australia; (d) I. costata F Muell., Aus- tralia; im I. graminea R. Br., Australia (Mallamak of the natives); (f) I, mammésa Choisy, Amboina; (g) I. platani- folia R. & S., Central America. - h. I. Bona-nox L. (Cal. speciosum Choisy (Engler & Prantl), Cal. Bona-nox (L.) Boj.). Tropical America to Florida, widely nat.{in tropical ai also cult. Moon-fower, Moon Creeper. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 203 i. I. hederdcea (L.)Jacq. (Conv. hederaceus L., C. Nil L., P. Nil Choisy, I. Nil Roth, I. triloba Thunb. ). Tropical Amer- ica, nat. in southern U.S. and widely elsewhere. Blue Morn- ing-glory. Roasted seeds, in India called Kaladana, in Japan Kengashi, used as a purgative. Varieties of this and of (j) I. purpurea Lam. are the garden Morning-glories. k. I. leptophylla Torr. Nebraska to New Mexico and Texas. Bush Morning-glory, Man-root. 1. I. Orizabénsis (Pel.) Ledan. (Conv. Orizabensis Pelletan)- Mexico. Tuberous roots; Male Jalap, Fusiform or Woody Jalap, Jalap-stalks; Ger. Falsche Jalape, Jalapenstengel; purgative. (m) I. simulans Hanbury. Mexico. Source of Tampico Jalap or Sierra Gordo Jalap. See Exogonium, to which pos- sibly these species belong. ; n. I. pandurata (L.) Meyer (Conv. panduratus L.). Ontario and eastern U. S. Man-root, Man-of-the-earth, Hog Potato, Wild Potato, Wild Sweet-potato, Wild Jalap, Mechoacanna, Mechamech (of the aborigines), Scammony-root, Wild Scam- mony. ‘'ubers feebly cathartic. 1067. IRESINE, P. Br. — Blood-leaf, ete. Amaranthaceae. From Greek, alluding to ‘‘woolly” calyx. Herbs, annual or perennial. About 20 species, warm and temperate regions; 2 in U.S. (a) I. paniculata (L.) Kze, southern U. S. and southward, is called Blood-leaf, Juba’s-bush and Juba’s-brush. 1068. IRIS, L. Fleur de lis, Blue Flag, ete. Iridaceae. From Greek, ‘‘rainbow’’. Herbs from creeping root stocks. About 100 species, mostly of north temperate zone; 22 in U. S. a. I. Florentina L. Southern Europe, Florentine Orris (i. e. Iris), White Flag, Florence or Sweet Flower-de-luce. hizome of this and two following species; Orris-root; Rhizoma iridis, Radix iridis florentine, R. ireos; Ger. Irisrhizom, Vielchen- wurzel, Violenwurzel, Schwertelwurz; Fr. Iris de Florence (Codex); Sp. Liria de Florencia; acrid, sternutatory, but chiefly used in dentifr ces, cosmetic powders, etc. Sometimes used for issue peas (Pois d’iris de Paris) b. I. Germanica L. Southern Europe, northern Africa to India, cult. and adv. in U.S. European Blue Flag, German Iris or Orris; Ger. Blauer Schwertel, Schwertlilie; Fr. Flambe, Fleur de lis (corrupted in English to Flower de luce). This species, also (c) I. pallida Lam., Southern Europe to Syria, Pale Blue Flag, have properties and uses of (a). d. I. prismatica Pursh. (I. Virginica Muhl. not L., I. gracilis Bigel.) New Brunswick to N. Carolina. Slender Blue Flag, Poison Flag. Properties of (g). e. I. Pseuddcorus L. Europe, adv. in U. S. Yellow Flag, False Sweet-flag, Daggers, Corn Flag, Yellow Water-flag, Sword Flag, Jacob’s-sword, Flagons, Yellow Water-skegs, Water-seg. Seeds. used for coffee. 204 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS f. I. vérna L. Pennsylvania to Georgia. Dwarf Iris, Slender Blue Flag. Root stock ‘‘pungently spicy’’. g. I. versicolor L. (I. Virginica L. not Muhl.). Canada, south to Florida and west to Arkansas and Manitoba. Blue Flag, Flag Lily, Liver Lily, Snake Lily, Poison Flag, Water Flag, Ame- rican Fleur-de-lis or Flower-de-luce; Ger. Verschiedenfarbige Schwertlilie, Amerikanischer Schwertel; Fr. Iris varié, Flambe variée, Glaieul bleu; Sp. Liria Americana. Rhizome, Blue Flag, Iris U.S. P., cathartic, cholagogue. 1069. IRVINGIA, Hook. Dika Bread. Simarubaceae. Named for Dr. Irving, R. N. Trees with curious annulated branches. Three species, tropical west Africa. (a.) I. Barteri Hook. f. is called Bread-tree, Dika Bread, Mango*. Seeds edible. 1070. ISANTHUS, Michx. False Pennyroyal, ete. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘equal’? (i. e. regular) ‘‘flowered’’. Syn. Trichostema, in part. Annual herb. One species, Canada and eastern U. 8., False Pennyroyal, Fluxweed, Blue Gentian*. 1071. ISATIS, L F . Woad. - Cruciferae. Ancient Greek plant name. Herbs, annual or biennial. About 30 species, southern Europe and western Asia. a. I. tinetoria L. Europe. Dyer’s Woad (Wad, Ode, Goud), Ash-of-Jerusalem. This species as well as (b) I. indigotica Fortune, of China yields indigo. 1072. ISNARDIA, L. Marsh Purslane. Onagraceae. Named for A. D. Isnard, French botanist, d. 1724. Syn. Ludwigia, in part. Suc ulent herbs. About 4 species, N. America; 3 in U. 8. a. I. palustris L. (L. palustris Ell.). Europe, Asia and N. Ame- rica; U. S. throughout. Marsh Parslane, Water Purslane, False Loose-strife, Phthisic-weed. Plant has been used in asthma. 1073. ISOCARPHA, R. Br. 1816. Isocarpha. | Compositae. From Greek, “equal chaff’, the bracts of involucre and re- ceptable being similar. Syn. Dunantia, DC. 1836; Calea, in part. Herbs related to Ageratum. About 5 species, tropical America; 1 in U.S. 1074. ISOCOMA, Nutt. Isocoma, Damiana*. Compositae. From Greek, ‘equal hair’. Syn. Aplopappus, Baccharis, Bigelovia, Linoseris, in part. Suffrutescent plants with succu- lent leaves and small rayless heads (yellow). Ten species in southwestern U. 8. a. I. venéta (H. B. K.) Greene (Bac. veneta H. B. K., Big. ve- neta Gray, L. Mexicana Schlecht., A. discoideus DC. ). Cali- fornia to Mexico. One of the plants called Damiana. Plant re- puted aphrodisiac. 1075. ISOMERIS, Nutt. _ Isomeris. Capparidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘equal parts”. A shrub of apa odor, with yellow flowers. One species, California. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 205° 1076. ISOPAPPUS, F. & Gr. Tsopappus. Compositae. From Greek, with ‘‘equal pappus’. Syn. Aplopappus, in part. Herbs with small heads of yellow flowers. Two species, southern U. 8. 1077. ISOPYRUM, L.1752. False Rue Anemone.Ranunculaceae. Ancient Greek plant name. Syn. Enemion, Raf. 1820. Herbs with ternately decompound leaves. About 15 species, north temperate zone; 4 in U. S. 1078. ITEA, L. Virginia Willow. Saxifragaceae. From Greek name of “willow’’, the foliage being willow-like. Shrubs with racemed white flowers. About 5 species, 4 of east- ern Asia; 1 in U. S. 1079. IVA, L. - Marsh Elder. - Ambrosiaceae. Old Greek name of Ground-pine (Ajuga) which hasa simi- lar odor. Syn. Cyclachena, in part. Rough herbs resembling Ambrosia. About 14 species, all American; 11im U.S. (a.) I. frutéseens L. is called also High-water shrub and Jesuit’s. bark*, 1080. IVESIA, Torr. & Gr. Ivesia. Rosaceae. Perennial herbs related to Potentilla. Syn. Potentilla, im part. Fourteen species belong to southwestern U. S. 1081. IXORA, L. Wild Jasmin, ete. Rubiaceae. Dedicated to Iswara, a Malabar deity in whose worship the flowers were used. Shrubs or small trees. About 135 species, tropical regions especially of Old World. a. I. coccinea L. (I. Bandhuca Roxb.). Tropical Asia. Asia, adv. in U.S. Wild Thyme, Creeping or Horse Thyme, Bank or Running Thyme, Shepherd’s Thyme, Mother of Thyme, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 371 Brotherwort, Hillwort, Pellamountain, Puliall-mountain, Pen- ny-mountain, Serpolet; Ger. Quendel, Feldthymian, Wilder Thymian, Feldktimmelkraut, Gundelkraut, Gundling, Hiihn- erkraut; Fr..Serpolet (Codex);Sp.Serpol. Herb, H. Serpylli, P. G., carminaive, antispasmodic, emmenagogue. Var. citriodérus (T. citriodorus Schreb. )is Lemon Thyme, Lemon- scented Thyme. b. T. vulgaris L. Southern Europe and cult. in gardens. Gar- den Thyme, Common Thyme; Ger. Gartenthymian, Thymian, Roémischer Quendel; Fr. Thym (Codex); Sp. Tomillo. Herb H. Thymi, P. G., properties of (a). Other species with like properties are (c) ‘, capitatus Hoff. and Link., Mediterran- ean region and (d) 7. mastichina L., Spain and Algeria, Herb_Mastich. 1995. THYRSANTHEMA, Neck. 1790. Compositae. Syn. Chaptalia (Kew), Vent. 1800. Perennial herbs, mostly acaulescent. About 18 species, New World; 3 in western U. S. 1996. THYSANOCARPUS. Hook. Lace-pod. _ Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘tassel fruit’?. Slender annuals. About 12 species, Pacific coast of U. 8. 1997. TIARELLA, L. False Mitrewort. Saxifragaceae. Latin diminutive of tiara, from form of capsule. Perennial herbs with leaves mostly basal. About 6 species, north tem- perate zone; 3 in U. S. a. T. cordifélia L. Coolwort, White Coolwort, False Mitrewort, Foam-flower, Gem-fruit. Herb reputed diuretic. 1998. TIGRIDIA, Ker. Tigridia, Tiger-flower. Lridaceae. From Latin, ‘‘tiger’ flower, alluding to spotted perianth. Bulbous herbs with showy flowers. About 7 species, tropical America; 1 in U. S. 1999. TILIA, L. Linden, Lime-tree. Tiliaceae. The Latin name, whence English Teil and Til. Trees with cordate inequilateral leaves. About 16 species, north temperate zone; 3 in U.S. a. T. Americana L. (T. glabra Vent., T. Canadensis Michx. ). Canada to Georgia, west to Texas and Nebraska. Basswood, American Linden, White-wood, Black Lime-tree, American Lin-tree or Lime-tree, Bast-tree, Bee-tree, Daddy-nut tree, Monkey-nut tree, White Lind, Whistle-wood, Wickup, Red Basswood, Yellow Basswood. Flowers antispasmodic, anodyne. b. T. Europaéa L. [Including T. platyphyllos Scopoli (T. gran- difolia Erhr., T. pauciflora Hayne), T. ulmifolia Scop. (T. parvifolia Erhr., T. microphylla Vent.) and T. vulgaris Heyne]. Europe and Asia, cult. in U.S. European Linden, (Lin, Line, Linn, Linde), (whence was derived the name of the distinguished botanist Linnaeus), Lime-tree, Til-tree, (Teil, Tilet, Tillet), Locust-bloom, Bast-tree, Bass-tree. Flowers, Flores Tilie P. G., Ger. Lindenbliithen; Fr. Fleur de tilleul (Codex), antispasmodic, anodyne, demulcent. Tough inner bark (bast) used for coarse mats, ropes, etc. 372 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS ce. T. heterophylla Vent. (T. alba Michx.). Southeastern U. 8. White Basswood, White Linden (Lin, Linn), Bee-tree, Cotton- wood}, Silver-leaf Poplart, Wahoo*, Lynn Wahoo. Resem- - bles the European Silver Lime-tree, (d) T. argéntea Desf. e. T. pubéscens Ait. (T. Americana var. pubescens Loud., T. Americana var. Walteri Wood). Southeastern U.S. Southern Basswood, Southern Linden (Lin, Linn), Southern Whitewood. 2000. TILLAEA, L.. Pigmy-weed. Crassulaceae. Named for Michael Angelo Tilli, Italian botanist, d. 1740. Syn. Bulliarda, in part. Di ninutive aquatic or paludal plants. About 25 species, widely distributed; 6 in U. 8. 2001. TILLANDSIA, L. Long Moss, ete. Bromeliaceae.. Named for Elias Tillands, Swedish botanist, 17th Century. Syn. Reanalmia, in part. Epiphytes,varying greatly in habit. About 350 species, warmer regions of New World; 14 in U. 8. a. T. usneoides L. 1762 (R. usneoides L. 1753). Southeastern U. S., south to Uruguay and Chili. Long Moss, Florida or New Orleans Moss, Black Moss, Hanging Moss, Spanish Moss, Long-beard, Old-man’s-beard, Tree-beard, Barba hispanica. The black tiliform stems constitute vegetable horsehair, used for stuffing mattresses, etc. The names Air-plant and Barren Pine-apple are given to such species as (b) T. utri¢dulata LeConte. 2002. TINANTIA, Schiedw. Tinantia. | Commelinaceae. Herbs. About 3 species, tropical America; 1 in U. 8. 2008. TINOSPORA, Miers. Tinospora. Menispermaceae. Climbing shrubs. About 12 species, tropical Asia and East Indies. (a) T. cordifolia Miers, and (b) T. erispa Miers. An extract, called Galuncha or Gulancha is reputed a cure for snake bites. Plants bitter, tonic, alterative. 2004. TIPULARIA, Nutt. Crane-fly Orchis. Orchidaceae. From Latin Tipula, an insect which the flowers resemble. Syn. Limodorum, in part. Scapose herbs from tuberous rhi- zomes. ‘Two known species,’ one of Asia, one in U. §. a. T. unifélia (Muhl.) B. S. P. (L. unifolium Muhl., T. discolor Nutt.). Eastern U. S. (rare). Tallow-root, Crane-fly Orchis. 2005. TISSA, Adans. 1763. Sand Spurry. Caryophyllaceae. Name unexplained. Syn. Buda, Adans. 1763, Spergularia (Kew), Pers. 1805, Lepigonum, Fries. 1817; Arenaria, in part. Low herbs with fleshy linear or setaceous leaves. About 20 species, mostly of salt marshes; 14 in U. 8. a. T. rubra (L.) Brit. (A. rubra L., B. rubra Dumort, 8. rubra Presl.). Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Sand Spurry, Purple Sandwort. Red Sandwort. Plant; Arenaria rubra (Codex), diaphoretic, alterative. Other species are also used. 2006. TITHONIA, Desf. Tithonia. Compositae. Named for Tithonus of Greek myth. Robust annuals. About’8 species, Mexico; 1 possibly in U. S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 373 2007. TOFIELDIA, Huds. False Asphodel. Melanthaceae. Named for Mr. Tofield, English botanist of 18th Century, Syn. Melanthium, Narthecium, in part. Perennial herbs with small flowers in a terminal spike. About 15 species, north tem- perate zone and S. America; 6 in U.S. a. T. palustris Huds. Europe, northern Asia and British Amer- ica, south to Lake Superior. Scottish Asphodel, False Aspho- del, Lamb-lily. 2008. TOLUIFERA, L. 1742, not Lour. 1790. Papilionaceae. From Latin, ‘‘tolu-bearing’’. Syn. Myroxylon (Kew), L. f. 1781; Myrospermum Jacq., in part. Trees or shrubs, natives of tropical America. a. T. Pereirae (Royle) Baill. (Myrospermum Pareire Royle, M. Sonsonatense Pereira, Myroxylon Pereire Klotsch (Kew), T. Balsamum var. Pereire H. Br.). San Salvador. Peru- balsam tree. Balsamic exudate Balsam of Peru, Peru-balsam; Balsamum Peruvianum, U. S. P., Br., P. G., Balsamum indicum, Balsamum peruvianum nigrum; Ger. Perubalsam, Indischer Balsam; Fr. Baume de Peru noir, Baume San Salva- dor, Baume de Sansonate (Codex); Sp. Balsamo negro; stimu- lant, antiseptic, vulnerary. b. T. Peruifera (L. fils.) Baill. (Myrox. Peruiferum L. fils (Kew), Myrosp. Peruiferuam DC., Myrox. pedicellatum Klotzsch). Brazil. Yields a balsam similar to balsam of Peru. c. T. Balsamum L. (Myrox. toluiferum Kunth (Kew), Myrosp. toluiferum A. Rich., Myrox. punctatum Klotzsch). Vene- zuela and New Granada. ‘Tolu-balsam tree (Prof. Baillon be- lieves that both Peru-balsam and Tolu-balsiam are products of this species, obtained by different processes). Balsamic exudate, Balsamum Tolutanum, U. S. P., Br., Balsamum indicum siccum, Balsamum americanum; Ger. Tolubalsam; Fr. Baume de Tolu (Codex) Baume de Carthagéne; Sp. Balsame de Tolu, Balsame blanco. Properties of balsam of Peru, but less active. Chiefly used in cough syrups and in pastilles for burning. d. T. punetata Baill. (Myrox. punctatum Klotzsch, Myrosp. balsamiferum R. & Pay.). Peru. Quino-quino tree. Prob- ably the same as (c). 20083. TONELLA, Nutt. Tonella. | Scrophulariaceae. Annual herbs. Two species, in western U.S. 2009. TOURNEFORTIA, L.False Heliotrope, etc. Boraginaceae. Named for Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist, d. 1708. Trees or shrubs, related to Heliotropium. About 100 species, warmer regions; 21 in U.S. © 20093. TOWNSENDIA, Hook. Townsendia. Compositae. Named for David Townsend, botanist of Philadelphia. Tuf- ted herbs with large radiate flower-heads. About 17 species, N. America; 16 in southwestern U. 8. 374 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2010. TOXICODENDRUM, Thunb. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘poison tree’. Syn. Hyaenanche Lamb. 1797 (Hyznachne). Poisonousshrubs. Two species, South Africa. (a) T. Capénse Thunb. (H. Capensis Pers.). 8S. Africa. Frwit used to poison hyenas. 2011. TOXYLON, Raf. Osage Orange. Moraceae. From Greek, “bow-wood”. Syn. Maclura (Kew), in part. A thorny tree with foliage like the orange. One species, south- central U. S. a. T. pomiferum Raf. (T. Maclura Raf. Maclura aurantiaca Nutt.). Missouri to lexas and cult. as a hedge plant. Osage Orange, Osage, Osage Apple, Nurth American Bow-wood, Bois d’arc, Bowdark{, Bodarkt, Hedge plant, Yellow-wood. Leaves, food of silkworm. Root yields a yellow dye. 2012. TRACHELOSPERMUM, Lem. Apocynaceae. From Greek, ‘‘neck seed’’, but the name seems not appropri- ate. Syn. Echites, Forsteronia, in part. Twining woody vines or shrubs. About 6 species, Asia and N. America; 1 im U.S. 2013. TRACHYLOBIUM, Hayne.ChacazeCopal.Caesalpinaceae. From Greek, ‘‘rough pod’’. Syn. Hymenza,in part. Tree. One species, tropical Africa. (a) T. Hornemannidnum Hayne. Eastern Africa. Zanzibar Copaltree. Yields a Copal called Chacaze Copal or Jackasst Copal. 2014. TRADESCANTIA, L. Spiderwort. Commelinaceae. Named for John Tradescant, gardener to Charles I. Peren- nial herbs generally with linear leaves and rather showy flowers. About 35 species, New World; 16in U.S. (a). Virginiana L. New York to Kentucky, west to Arkansas and S. Dakota. Common §Spiderwort, Spider Lily*, Trinity Violet. ; 2015. TRAGIA, L. Tragia. Euphorbiaceae. Named for H. Bock, called also Tragus, German botanist, d. 1553. Monecious herbs, shrubs or climbers with stinging hairs. About 50 species, mostly tropical, 5 in U. S. 2016. TRAGOPOGON, L. Salsify, etc. Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘goat’s beard’’, alluding to the pappus. Herbs with fleshy tap-root aud large heads of yellow or purple flowers. About 35 species, Old World. a. T. porrifolius L. Europe, widely cult., adv. in U.S. Oyster plant, Oyster-root, Vegetable-oyster, Salsify (Salsafy), Jerusa- lem-star, Nap-at-noon, Purple Goat’s-beard. Root esculent. b. T. praténsis L. Europe, nat. in U. S. Meadow Salsify, Buck’s-beard, io-to-bed-at-noon, Noon-flower, Noon-tide, Noon- day-flower, Jack-by-the-hedge, Joseph’s-flower, Shepherd’s- clock, Star-of-Jerusalem, Yellow Goat’s-beard. Root esculent. — 2017. TRAPA, L. Water-caltrop. Trapaceae. Abbreviated from Latin Calcitrapa, a ‘‘caltrop’’. Aquatic herbs producing farinaceous seeds (nuts). Three species, Old World. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR, 375 a. T. natans L. (including T. quadrispinosa Roxb.). Europe to central Asia, nat. locally in U.S. Water Chestnut, Water-nut, Jesuit’s-nut (Venice), Water-caltrop, Sanghara-nut*; Fr. Chataigne d’eau. Seeds escutent. The Chinese (b) T. bieér- nis L. fils, with fruit resembling a buffalo’s head, is called Leng, Ling or Links. Singhara nuts, a staple food in Cashmere, are the fruit of (c) T. bispindsa L. (T. Cochin-Chinensis Lour., T. incisa, Sieb. & Zuce. ), southern Asia and northern Africa. 2018. TRAUVETTERIA, F. & M. Ranunculaceae. Named for Prof. Trauvetter, Russian botanist. Syn. Cimici- fuga, Hydrastis, in part. A stout perennial herb. One species eastern Asia and eastern U.S. (a) T. Carolinénsis ( Walt. ) Vail (H. Carolinensis Walt., C. palmata Michx.). Eastern U.S. and Japan. False Bugbane. 2019. TREMA, Lour. Nettle-tree. Urticaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hole’, alluding to pits in endocarp. Syn. Sponia, Celtis, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 25 species, warmer regions; 1 in U.S. (a) T. micrantha B. & H. Flo- rida to West Indies and Brazil. Nettle-tree. 2020. TREPOCARPUS, Nutt. Trepocarpus. Umbelliferae. Smooth annual. One species, south-central U. S. 2021. TRIANOSPERMA, Mart. Tayuya. Cucurbitaceae. Herbaceous climbers, from fleshy roots. Syn. Dermophylla, Bryonia, in part. Cayaponia, (No. 414 q. v.) is the older and preferable name. (a) ‘I. ficifolia Mart. (perhaps the same as C. ficifolia (Lam.) Cogn. (414 ¢.) but also identified by some authorities with B. ‘layuya Velloso, C. Tayuya ( Vell.) Cogn. and with D. pendulina S. Manso). Brazil. Tayuya. Root, Rad. dermophylle, Rad. tayuyx; hydragogue, antisyph- ilitic. The synonyomy is confused. Probably several] spe- cies are called Tayuya. See Cayaponia. 2022, TRIADENUM, Raf. 1808. Triadenum. Hyperiecaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three glands’. Syn. Elodea, Pursh 1814, not Michx. 1803 nor Elodes, Adans 1763; Hypericum (Kew), in part. Perennial marsh herbs with pink or purplish flowers. Two species, both of U. S. 2023. TRIANTHEMA, L. Horse Purslane. Aizoaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three flowering’. Herbs, generally fleshy and prostrate. About 12 species, warmer regions, mostly of Old World; 1in U.S. (a) T. monégynum L. Florida to West Indies and Venezuela. Horse Purslane (Jamaica). 2024. TRIBULUS, L. Caltrop. Zygophyllaceae. Greek plant name, signifying ‘‘caltrop’’ (i. e. three pointed). Herbs or sub-shrubs, mostly prostrate, with spinose fruit. About 12 species, warmer regions; 2 in U. S. a. T. cistoides L. Florida and widely distributed along tropica} shores. Turkey-blossom (Jamaica), Nohu, Mahukona Violet (Hawaii, with allusion to the fragrance). (b) T. terréstris L. Europe, adv. in U. 8. Land Caltrop. 376 PLANT NAMES: AND SYNONYMS 2025. TRICARDIA, Torr. Tricardia. | Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three-hearts’’, alluding to shape of sepals. Perennial herb. One species, Nevada. 2026. TRICHILIA, P. Br. Incense tree, etc. Meliaceae. From Greek, “three-lipped’’, alluding to the stigma. Syn. Mafureira, Moschoxylon, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 112 species, tropical Africa and America, a. T. emética Vahl. (Maf. oleifera Bertol.). East Africa to Arabia. Mafura (Mafurra) tree. Seeds source of Mafura Tal- low, resembling cacao butter. b. T. moschata Swz. (Mos. Schwartzii Juss.). Jamaica. Incense tree, Musk-wood, Pameroon-bark tree, Juribali, Jurubali. Bark astringent, febrifuge. 2027. TRICHOCORONIS, A. Gray. Trichocoronis. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘hair crown’’. Syn. Micrageratum, Margacola. Aquatic or marsh herbs with pink or purple flowers. Three species, Mexican border of U.S. 2028. TRICHOMANES, L. Filmy Ferns. Hymenophyllaceae. Ancient Greek name of a kind of Fern. Ferns with pellucid fronds. About 100 species, mostly tropical; 2inU.8. (a) T. radicans Sw. Southeastern U. S. and widely distributed. Common Bristle Fern, Hare’s-foot Fern, Cup-goldilocks. 2029. TRICHOPTILIUM, Gray. Trichoptilium. Compositae. - From Greek, ‘‘hair-feather’. Syn. Psathyrotes. Small winter annual. One species, Arizona to Galifornia. 20380. TRICHOSTEMA, L. Blue-Curls, ete. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘hair stamen’’, alluding to the capillary fila- ments, which suggest also the English name. Herbs, some shrubby. About 9 species, all of U. S., mostly southwestern. a. T. dichétomum L., eastern U. S., is called Blue-curls, Bastard Pennyroyal; (b) T. lanceolatum Benth., California, is called Blue Tar-weed; (c) T. landtum Benth., California, is called Black Sage. 2081. TRIENTALIS, L. Chickweed Wintergreen. Primulaceae. From Latin, “span”’-high. Low perennials, the leaves form- ing a whorl at the summit of the stem. - About 3 species, all of U. S., one also European. a. I’. Americana Pursh. Canada, south to Virginia and Illinois. Chickweed Wintergreen, May-star, Star-flower, Star-flowered Chickweed, Star-of-Bethlehem*, Snake-flower. 2032. TRIFOLIUM, L. Clover, Trefoil. Papilionaceae, The ancient Latin name, ‘‘three leaved’’. Syn. Chrysaspis, Chronosemium, Melilotus, in part. Herbs, leaves generally trifoliate, flowers in heads or spikes. About 250 species, mostly of north temperate zone; 108 in U.S., including some natura- lized. Bi, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 377 . T, agraérium L. (Chrys. agraria (L.) Greene). Europe, nat. in U.S. Yellow Clover, Hop Clover, Hop Trefoil*. More common in U. S. is the smaller (b) T. proetmbens L. (Chrys. procumbens (L.) Desy.), also from Europe, Low or Smaller Hop-clover. f--] ¢° T. arvénse L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Rabbit-foot Clover, Hare’s-foot, Bottle-grass, Calf Clover, Dogs-and-cats, Field Clover, Old-field Clover, Poverty-grass. Pussy Clover, Pussy-cats, Pussies, Stone Clover, Watch Clover. au - T. coeruleum Willd. (Mel. cerulea Desr.). North Africa, cult. in Europe. Blue Melilot, Garden Balsam*, Old-sow; Ger. Blauer Steinklee, Schabziegerklee, Siebenzeit, Mottenkraut. Leaves and tops, Herba meliloti cerulei, H. egyptiaca, H. loti odorati; reputed diuretic, diaphoretic, emollient. Used in Switzerland for flavoring cheese. & T. dubium Sibth. (Chrys. dubia (Sibth.) Greene, T. minus Sm., T. procumbens var. minus, Koch). Europe, nat. locally in U.S. Shamrock (Shamrug, Shambrogue, Scamrog), True Shamrock, Least Hop-trefoil, Yellow Clover or Trefoil, Wild Trefoil. T. praténse L. Europe, Asia, northern Africa, nat. in U. S. Red Clover, Meadow or Purple Clover, Broad-leaved or Cow Clover, Honeysuckle Clover (England), Bee-bread, Cow- grass*, Knap, Marl-grass, Plyvens, Soukie Clover (Claver), Suckles; Ger. Rother Wiesenklee, Rother Futterklee. Flowers alterative, sedative. m g. T. répens L. Europe, Asia, sub-arctic N. America, nat. in U.S. White Clover, Dutch or Honeysuckle Clover, Honey- stalks, Lamb-sucklings, Purple-grass, Purplewort, Quillet, Sheep’s Gowan, Suckling, White Honeysucklet, White Sham- rock, White Trefoil. Other pasture Clovers are (h) T. hybridum L., Alsike, Alsatian Clover, Swedish Clover; (i) T. incarnatum L., Car- nation or Crimson Clover, French or Italian Clover, Napoleons; (j) T. médium L., Zigzag Clover, Cow-grass, Giant or Mam- moth Clover, Mail-grass, Pea-vine Clover, the foregoing nat. from Europe. Indigenous species are (k) T. refléxum L., Buffalo Clover and (1) T. stoloniferum Muhl., Running Buf- falo Clover. 2038. TRIGLOCHIN, L. Arrow-grass. Scheuchzeriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three pointed”, alluding to the capsule. Marsh herbs, the small flowers in slender spikes. About ten species, higher latitudes in both hemispheres; 4 in U. S. 2034. TRIGONELLA, L. Fenugreek. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three angled’, alluding to the flower. Syn. Buceras, Foenum-Grecum, in part. Strong-smelling herbs. About 60 species, Old World. a. T. Foénum-Graéeum L. (B. Feenum-Grecum AIL, Fen. ~ officinale Moench). Western Asia, cult. in tropical Africa and Asia. Fenugreek (Fenugreck, Fenigreek, the word meaning 378 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS Greek hay). Seeds, Sem. foenugreci, Sem. feni greci; Ger. Bockshornsamen, Fenugrek, Kuhkornsamen, Griechischer Heusamen; Fr. Fenugrec (Codex); demulcent, mucilaginous. 2035. TRILISA, Cass. Vanilla-leaf. Compositae. Anagram of Liatris. Syn. Liatris, in part. Perennial herbs with small discoid heads. Two known species, southeastern Uss: a. T. odoratissimus (Walt.) Cass. (Anonymos odoratissimus Walt., L. odoratissimus Michx.). Pine-barrens, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. Vanilla-leaf, Vanilla plant, Carclina Vanilla, Dog’s-tongue, Deer’s-tongue, Hound’s-tongue. Leaves have an agreeable vanilla-like odor. 2036. TRILLIUM, L. Wake-robin, Birthroot,etc. Convallariaceae. Name Latin, alluding to the trimerous symmetry of the spe- cies (with an echo perhaps of Lilium.).. Three-leaved herbs from a perennial rhizome. About 20 species, North America and Asia; 16 in U. S. a. T. eérnuum L. Canada, south to Georgia and Missouri. Nod- ding Wake-robin, White Benjamin, Cough-root, Ground Lily, Jew’s-harp plant, Lamb’s-quarters*, Rattlesnake-rout, Snake- bite. b. T. eréctum L. Canada, south to Tennessee and Missouri, also. in Japan. Birthroot, Bethroott, Red or ‘Purple’ Trillium, Red Benjamin, Red or Purple Wake-robin, Birthwort*, Bath- wort{, Bath-flowert, Bumble-bee-root, Dafiy-down-dilly*, Dish- cloth, Indian Balm, Indian Shamrock, |li-scented Trillium or Wake-robin, Nose-bleed, Orange-blossom (the white variety), Squaw-flower, Squaw-root, True-love, Red Wood-lily. Many of these names are applied also to other species. Ahizome as-~ tringent, alterative, uterine antispasmodie, in large doses emetic. c. T. grandiflérum (Michx.) Salisb. (T. rhomboideum var. randiflorum Michx.). Canada and eastern U.S. Large- owered White Wake-robin, Wake-robin, White Benjamin, Trinity Lily, White Birth-root, Bath-flower, White Bath, White Wood-lily. Other indigenous species worthy of note are (d) T. séssile L., Sessile-flowered Red Wake-robin, flowers agreeably fragrant; (e) T. nivale Ridd., the Early or Dwarf White Wake-robin and (f) T. undulatum Willd. (T. erythrocarpum Michx.), Painted Wake-robin, Sarah, Wild Pepper. 2037. TRIOSTEUM, L. — Fever-root, etc. Caprifoliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three boned’’, alluding to the three (2—5) bony seeds. Perennial herbs with berry-like fruit. About 6 species, north America and western Asia; 2 in U. S. a. T. perfolidtum L. Canada, south to Alabama and Kansas. Fever-root, Horse Gentian, Horse Ginseng, White Ginseng, White Gentian, Genson, Feverwort, Bastard Ipecac, Wild or Wood Ipecac, Tinker’s-weed, Tinkar’s-root{, Wild Coffee, Root febrifuge, cathartic, deobstruent. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 379 2038. TRIPHASIA, Lour. Lime Myrtle. Aurantiaceae, From Greek, ‘‘three-fold’’, i. e. trimerous. A thorny shrub with fragrant white flowers. One species, China, widely cult. in tropical countries. (a) T. Aurantiola Lour. (T. Javanica M. Roem.). Lime Myrtle, Lime-berry, Bergamot*. Fruit esculent. 2039. TRITELEIA, Lindl. (Tritelia). Liliaceae. Syn. Brodizea, Calliprora, in part. Scapose herbs with blue or violet flowers. Thirteen species in western U.S. 2040. TRITICUM, L. Wheat. Gramineae. The Latin name of Wheat, ‘‘threshed” or ‘‘ground’’. Ro- bust grasses. About 15 species, Mediterranean region to cen- tral Asia. a. T. aestivum L. (T vulgare Vill., T. sativum Lam. The Lin- nean name originally applied to a variety). The most univer- sally cultivated of all cereals. Wheat. The very numerous varieties form three principal groups; 1. Bearded or Summer Wheat, T. aestivum L., proper; 2. Unbearded or Winter Wheat, T. hybérnum L., and 3. Spelt or Dinkel Wheat, with adherent grain, T. Spélta L.; a remarkable variety is the Egypuan Wheat with compound spikes. Seeds, ground and sifted, Wheat flour: Farina Tritici Br., used as an application for burns, etc.; esculent. Starch, Amylum tritici, is also largely prepared from the grain. Other species worthy of noteare (b) TT. dieéceum Schrank, Emmer Wheat, Arras Wheat of Abyssinia; (c) T. monocdc- eum L., One-grained or Single-grained Wheat, St. Peter’s Corn; (d) T. ‘tricéceum Schuebl. [Index Kewensis makes this a synonym of (b)], Amel Corn, cult. in Switzerland as a source of starch. 2041. TRIUMFTETA, L. Burweed. Tiliaceae. Named for G. B. Trionfetti, Italian botanist, d. 1708. Herbs and shrubs. About 50 species, warmer regions; 1 in U. S. (a) T. semitriloba Jacq. Florida to West Indies and_ tropical regions generally. burweed, Paraquet-bur. Bark, Bur-bark, yields a tibre resembling jute. 2042. TRIXIS, P. Br. Trixis. Compositae. From Greek, ‘“‘three-fold’’, the corolla being trifid. Syn. Perdicium, in part. Herbaceous or shrubby perennials. About 30 species, tropical America; one or two, Mexican border of U.S: 2043. TROLLIUS, L. — Globe-flower. Ranunculaceae. From German, signifying probably ‘‘round’’. Perennial herbs mostly paludal with showy flowers. About 10 species, north temperate zone; 1 in U. 8S. a. T. Europaéus L. Europe. Globe flower, Globe Ranunculus, Trollflower, Butter-basket, Cabbage Daisy; Golden-ball, Lock- in-gowan, Lapper-gowan. 380 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. T. laxus Salisb. (T. Americanus Muhl.). New Hampshire to Michigan, also in Washington. American Globe-flower, Spreading or Swamp Globe-flower, Troll-flower, with other synonyms of (a). 2044. TROPAEOLUM, L. (Trophzeum). Geraniaceae. From Greek, ‘‘trophy”, alluding to the shield-like leaves. Syn. Cardamindum, Adans. Climbing or diffuse succulent herbs. About 40 species, warmer regions of New World. a. T. majus L. (C, majus Moench). Peru, cult. in gardens. Common Nasturtium (Nasturtion, Stortioner, Sturtion’, this name applying originally to Roripa; Indian Cress, Lark’ s-heel*. Flowers used as salad; unripe fruit a substitute for capers. b. T. peregrinum L., South America, cult, in gardens, is Canary- bird flower; (c) T. sessilifolium Poeppig, of Chili and(d) T. tuberésum R. & P., of Peru, produce esculent tubers. 2045. TROPIDOCARPUM, Hook. Tropidocarpum. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘keel fruited’’. Annual herbs. Three spe- cies, California. 2046. TSUGA, Carr. Hemlock Spruce. Pinaceae. From vernacular, Japan, Syn. Hesperopeuce, Abies, Pinus, in part. Large evergreen trees with leaves apparently two- ranked. About 7 species, North America and Asia; 4 in U.S. a. T. Canadénsis (L.) Carr. (P. Canadensis L., A. Canadensis Michx.). Canada, south to Alabama and Wisconsin. Hem- lock, Hemlock Spruce, Weeping Spruce, Spruce Pine, Tan- bark tree, Palmt. Bark extensively used for tanning, medi- cinally under the name of Pinus Canadensis as an astringent. b. T. Mertensiana (Bong.) Car. (P. Mertensiana Bong., A, Pat- toniana A. Murr., T. Hookeriana Car.). Oregon to Alaska, east to Montana. Western Hemlock, Mountain Hemlock, Patton’s Spruce. Supplies most of the tan-bark of the North- west. 2047. TUBER, Mich. Trufile, Earth-ball. | Tuberaceae. The ancient Latin name, a ‘‘swelling’’. Subterranean fungi, some of the species highly esteemed for food. The English _word truffle, is from French, tartoufle, from Latin terre tubera, whence also the German Kartoffel ( potato). a, T aestivum Micheli is the common Truffle of England; (b) T. melanésporum Vitt. is the common Truffle of France; (c) T. cibarium Sibth., the Black Truffle, Perigord and Quercy Truffle; (d) T. magnatum Pico, the garlic-flavored Gray Truffle of Italy: [The following also are known as truffles; (e) Chairémyces meandrifoérmis Vitt., the White British Truffle; (f) Mylitta australis Berk., the Australia Truffle; (g) Melanogaster variegatus Tulasne. the Red Trufile of southern Europe; (h) Terfézia leénis of Italy; (i) Scler- odérma vulgaris Fr., False Truffle, allied to the Puff-balls]. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 381 2048. TUBIFLORA, J. F. Gmel.1791. Tubiflora. Acanthaceae. From Latin, ‘‘trumpet flower’. Syn. Elytraria (Kew), Michx. 1803. Low herbs. About 5 species, mostly American; 2in U. S. 2049. TULIPA, L. - ‘Tulip(Culip). - Liliaceae. From late Latin, “‘turban’’. Bulbous plants with showy flowers. About 50 species, Europe and Asia. (a) T. Ges- neridna L. Asia Minor and cult. in gardens. Common Tulip, with innumerable varieties. Several’ other species and many hybrids are cultivated. 2050. TUMION, Raf. False Nutmeg. Pinaceae. From Greek name of the Yew tree. Syn. Torreya, Arn. 1838, Caryotaxus, Zuce. 1847, Foetotaxus. Evergreen trees with yew-like foliage; fruit a drupe. Four known species, N. America and eastern Asia; 2 in U. S. a. T, Califérnicum (Torr.) Greene (Tor. Californica Torr. (Kew), Tor. myristica Hook., C. myristica Henk. & Hoch., F. myris- . tica Sen.). California Nutmeg tree. Fruit resembles the nut- meg in appearance, not at all in taste or properties. b. T. taxifélium (Arn.) Greene (Tor. taxifolia Arn, F. montana (Nelson) Sen. Southeastern U. S. Torrey tree, Torreya, Savin*, Stinking Cedar. 2051. TUNICA, Adans. Saxifrage Pink, etc. Caryophylaceae. From Latin ‘‘cloak’’, alluding to bracts at base of calyx. Syn. Dianthus, in part. Slender herbs with small flowers. About 20 species, southern Europe and western Asia; 1 ady. in G& 2052. TURNERA, L. Damiana, etc. Turneraceae. Named for W, Turner, author of an English herbal, 1551. Herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers. About 54 species, tropi- eal America; 1 in southwestern U. S. a. T. difffsa aphrodisiaca Urb. (T. aphrodisiaca Ward, T. microphylla Desv.). Texas to Lower California. Damiana. Leaves aromatic, tonic, reputed aphrodisiac. b. T. ulmifolia L. West Indies. Holly-tree*, Sage-rose. Plant tonic, expectorant. 2053. TUSSILAGO, L. Colt’ s-foot. Compositae. The Latin name, meaning ‘‘congh cure’. Scapose perennial herb with yellow flowers. One species, Europe and Asia. a. T. Farfara L. Northern Europe and Asia, nat. in northeastern U.S. Colt’s-foot (Coutfit), Coughwort, Ass-foot, Bull’s-foot, Foal-foot, Horse-foot, Horse-hoof, Butter-bur*, Clay-weed, Cleats, Colt-herb, Dove-dock, Dummy-weed, Ginger, Ginger- root, Gowan, Hoofs, Sow-foot, British Tobacco, Tushyluckyt, Dishalagat; Ger. Huflattig, Rosshuf; Fr. Tussilage, Pas d’ ane (Codex). Leaves, Folia farfare, Herba tussilaginis, demul- cent, alterative, a cough remedy. 382 _ PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2054. pL ILOPHORA, R. Br. Indian Ipecac. Aselepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘knob bearing’. Syn. Asclepias, Cynanchum, in part. Shrubby or herbaceous twiners. About 40 species, warmer regions, Old World. (a) T. asthmatica (L.) W. & A. (A. asthmatica L., C. Ipecacuanha Willd.). India. In- dian Ipecac. Root emetic. 2055. TYPHA, L. Cat-tail Flag, Reed-mace, etc. Typhaceae. The ancient Greek name. Reed-like plants. About 13 spe- cies, widely distributed; 3 in U. S. a T. latifolia L. North America, except extreme northern part. Cat-tail Flag, Common or Broad-leaved Cat-tail, Great Reed- mace, Blackamoor, Black-cap, Bulrush*, Bull-rash, Bull-segg Marsh-beetle, Marich- beetle, Marsb-pistle, Candlewick, Cat of nine-tails, Dunche-down, Flax-tail, Reree, Water-torch. 2056. ULEX, L. Furze, Gorse, etc. Papilionaceae. The ancient Latin name. Spiny shrubs, practically without foliage; lowers yellow, showy. About 20 species, mostly of eastern Europe. a 0. Europaéus L. Enurope, adv. in U.S. Furze (Firsun, Fur- zen, Furrys, Frez, Fuzz, | Fir*, Vuss, Vuz), French or Great Furze, Gorse (Gorst, Goss, ’ Gost). Ling*, Prickly Broom, Thorn Broom, Ruffet, Turr, Ulim, Whin, Whuns; Ger. Stech- ginster; Fr. Ajonc. 2057. ULMARIA, Hill. Meadow-sweet, etc. Rosaceae, From Latin, “‘Elm-like’. Syn. Filipendala, Spirea, in Perennial herbs with flowers in large + my: panicles. About 9 species, north temperate zone; 1 in U. 8S. a. U. Ulméria (L.) Barnh. (S. Ulmaria L., U. palustris Moench, F. Ulmaria Maxim). Europe and western Asia, cult. and adv. in U.S. Meadow-sweet, Meadow-gueen, Mead-sweet, (Mea- dow-soot), Meadowwort, Bride-sweet, Bridewort, Courtehip- and-matrimony, Herb Christopher*, Harif, Honey-sweet, Maid- sweet, Maid-of-the-meadow, My-lady’s-belt, Pride-of-the-mea- dow, Queen-of-the-meadow, Spirea, Sweet-hay, Sweet-meadow; Ger. Ulmenspiriie, Geissbart, Krampf, Medesiiss; Fr. — des prés (Codex). Herb astringent; flowers (Codex) an- tispasmodic, diaphoretic, divretic. The indigenous (b) v. rubra Hill (S. lobata Gronov., 8. rubra Brit. ) is called Queen- of-the-prairie. 2058. ULMUS, L. Elm. . Ulmaceae. The Latin name, from Celtic, whence our word Elm. About 16 species; northern hemisphere; 5 in U. &. Trees. a U. Americana L. Canada and eastern U.S. American Elm, White or Common Elm, Rock Elm*, Swamp or Water Elm. Other indigenous species are (b) U. aléte Michx., South eastern U. S., Winged Elm, Wahoo*, Cork Elm. Water Elm and (c) U. racemosa Thomas., Canada and northeastern ht ty Cork Elm, Corky White Elm, Cliff or Hickory Elm, Rock Elm, Racemed? or Swamp Elm, Wahoo*. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 383 d. U. campéstris L. | Europe and western Asia. European Elm, English Elm (Ellem, Allom, Allme, Aum, Elmen, Helm, Elven, Owm), Horse-may, May; Fr. Orme champétre, Orme pyramidal (Codex). Inner bark used like that of (f). e. U. montana With. Europe. Scotch Elm, Broad-leaved or Mountain Elm, Chew-bark, Halse, Wych Elm, Witcht Elm, Witch, Wychwood, Witch-wood, Wych-hazel*, Witch Hazel*. f. U. filva Michx. (U. pubescens Walt.). Canada and eastern U. S., west to N. Dakota. Slippery Elm, Moose or Red Elm, Indian Elm, Rock or Sweet Elm; Fr. Orme fauve (Codex). Inner bark, Elm-bark, Slippery Elm; Ulmus, U.S. P., Cortex ulmi; Ger. Ulmenrinde, Riisterrinde; mucilaginous, demulcent. 2059. UMBELLULARIA, Nutt. 1842. Lauraceae. From Latin, ‘‘umbelled’’. Syn. Sciadiodaphne, Reichb. 1841 (name only); Litsea, Tetranthera, Oreodaphne, in part. Evergreen tree with aromatic foliage. One species, Pacific border of U.S. a. U. Californica (Arnott) Nutt. (T. Californica H. & Arn., O. Californica Nees, L. Californica B. & H.). California to Puget Sound, California Bay-laurel, California Bay tree, California Laurel, Spice tree, Mountain Laurel (of the West), Balm-of- heaven, Sassafras Laurel, Cajeput tree, California Wild Olive. Leaves stimulant, anodyne, used as a condiment. 2060. UNGNADIA, Endl. Spanish Buckeye. Sapindaceae. _ Named for Baron Ferdinand von Ungnad of Austria. A tree related to Aesculus. One species; (a) U. speciosa Endl. (U. heterophylla Scheele). Texas and Mexico. Seeds emetic, reputed poisunous. 2061. UNIFOLIUM, Adans.1763,Solomon’s-seal. Convallariaceae. From Latin, ‘‘one leaf’’, sterile plants often producing but a single leaf. Syn. Maianthemum Wigg. 1780, Smilacina, in part. Low herbs resembling Smilacina. Two known species, one of Euro-Asia; 1 in U. S. a. U. Canadénse (Desf. ) Greene (M. Canadense Desf., S. bifolia, var. Canadensis A. Gray). British America, south to N. Carolina and S. Dakota. Two-leaved Solomon’s-seal, False or Wild Lily-of-the-valley, Bead-ruby, Cowslip*, One-blade, One- leaf. 2062. URAGOGA, L. Tpecacuanha, ete. Rubiaceae. Syn. Cephaelis,Swz.,1788, Ipecacuanha, Arruda 1810, Psycho- tria, Muell. Arg. 1759; Callicocca, in part. Trees or shrubs. a. U. Ipecacuanha (Brot.) Baill. (P. Ipecacuanha Stokes (Kew), Ceph. Ipecacuanha U. Rich., Call. Ipecacuanha Brot., Ceph. emetica Pers. 1805, I. officinalis Arr.). Brazil and New Granada. Ipecac, Ipecacuanha, Hippo, Poaya (vernacular); Ger. Brechwurzel, Ruhrwurzel, Graue Ipekakuanhe; Fr. Ipécacuanha annelé ou officinal (Codex), Racine brasilienne. Root; Ipecacuanha, U.S. P., Ipecacuanhe radix Br.; emetic, expectorant. 384 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2068. URCEOLA, Roxb. Caoutchouc vine. Apoeynaceae.. From Latin, ‘‘a little urn’’. Syn. Chavannesia, DC. Shrubby climbers. About 8 species, East Indies. a. U. eldstica Roxb. Sumatra and Borneo. Caoutchouc vine. From this and other species, notably (a) U. esculénta Benth. (C. esculenta DC.), is obtained Penang and Borneo Caoutchoue, Jintawan. Fruit edible. 2064. URECHITES, Muell. Arg. Urechites. Apocynaceae. Prostrate or climbing shrubs with showy flowers. About 4 species, Mexico and West Indies. (a) U. suberécta Muell. Arg, San Domingo. Savannah flower, Yellow-flowered Nightshade. Leaves arterial sedative, alterative. 2065, URENA, L. Indian Mallow. Malvaceae. From vernacular uren, Malabar. Herbs or shrubs. About - § species, tropical regions; 1 in U. S. a. U. lobata L. Southern U. S., a common weed in nearly all tropical countries. Indian Mallow, Perpulut (Penang), Guaxima (Brazil). A fibre plant. Flowers in Brazil used for coughs. 2066. URGINEA, Steinh. Squill, ete. Liliaceae. From Latin, ‘‘compressed”, of the seeds. Syn. Scilla, in part. Scapose herbs from a coated bulb. About 24 species, Mediterranean region to India. a. U. maritima (L.) Baker (Scilla maritima L., U. Scilla Steinh. ). Mediterranean basin. Squill, Sea Onion; Ger. Meerzwiebel; Fr. Scille (Codex) Squille; Sp. Eschila, Cebolla albarrana. The bulb, Squili, Squills; Scilla, U. S. P., Br., Bulbus Scillae P. G.; expectorant, nauseant, diuretic. Varietiesof the drug are distinguished as White Squill and Red Squill. 2067. URTICA, L. Nettle. Urticaceae. The ancient Latin name, ‘“‘burning’’. Herbs with stinging hairs. About 30 species, widely distributed; 7 in U. S. a. U. dioica L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Stinging Nettle, Common Nettle (of Europe), Greater Nettle, Tenging Nettle, Naughty-man’s-plaything, Scaddie; Ger. Brennessel; Fr. Ortie brulante; Sp. Ortigo. Fresh plant diuretic, alterative, discutient. Fiber used to make nettle-cloth, The Common Nettle of the eastern U. 8. is (b) U. gracilis Ait., Tall Wild Nettle, c. U. pilulifera L. India to southern Europe. Burning, Greek, Roman or Wild Nettle, Spanish Marjoramf. Seeds galactago- gue; root diuretic. d. U. spatulata Sm. (U. urentissima Blume). India. Devil’s Stinging-leaf, Devil’ s-leaf. e. U. tirens L. Europe, nat. in U.S. Small Nettle, Dwarf Net- tle, Burning or Stinging Nettle, Dwarf Stinging Nettle, Ettle. 2068. URTICASTRUM, Fabr. 1759, Wood-nettle. Urtieaceae. From Latin, ‘‘star nettle’. Syn. Laportea, Gaud, 1826, Urtica, in part. Herbs with stinging hairs. About 25 species, mostly tropical; 1 in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 385 a. U. divaricdtum (L.) Kze. (Urtica divaricata L., L. Canaden- sis Gaud.). Canada and eastern U.S. Wood Nettle, Canada Nettle, Albany Hemp. Seeds and leaves alterative, expectorant counter-irritant. In India are found (b) U. erenulata es Lyons ( Urtica crenulata Roxb.) and(c) U. stimulans (L. f. Lyons ( Urtica stimulans L. f.), both violently irritating nettles, as is (d) U. férox (Blanco) Lyons (LL. Gandichaudiana Wedd. ), Philippine Islands. 2069. URVILLEA, H. B. K. Urvillea. Sapindaceae. Climbing shrubs. About 15 species, tropical America; 1 in AS 2070. USNEA, (Dill. ) Ach. Beard Moss, etc. Usneaceae. Lichens with terete, often pendulous thallus, on rocks or - trees. About 20 species; 6 in U. S. (a) U. barbata Ach. Beard Moss, Tree-hair, Hanging Moss, Idle Moss, Maple Moss, Necklace Moss, Tree Moss. Plant demulcent, expectorant. 2071. USTILAGO, Pers. Smut, Bunt, &e. Ustilagineae. From Latin, ‘‘scorched’’ or ‘‘charred’’. Syn. Uredo, in part. Fungi, parasitic on the tissues of living plants. (a) U. maydis Leveillé (Uredo maydis DC.). Parasitic on maize. Corn-smut, Maize-smut, Corn Ergot; Ger. Maisbrand, Beulen- brand; Fr. Ergot de Mais; Sp. Rizon de Maiz. Fungus has properties of Ergot. 2072. UTRICULARIA, L. Bladderwort. Lentibulariaceae. From Latin; a little ‘‘bag’’ or “bladder’. Aquatic herbs, the leaves bearing vescicles. About 150 species, widely dis- tributed; 20 in U. S. a. U. vulgaris L. (U. macrorhiza LeConte). Europe, Asia and North America. Greater Bladderwort, Common Bladderwort, Bladder-snout, Hooded Water-milfoil, Pop-weed. The syn- onyms applied also to oiher species. 2073. UVULARLIA, L. Bellwort, Wild Oat, etc. Melanthaceae. From Latin wvula, alluding to pendulous flowers. Syn. Oakesia, in part. Herbs from perennial root-stocks. About 6 species, N. America; 4in U.S. (a) U. perfoliata L., Cana- da and eastern U. 8., Perfoliate or Mealy Bellwort, is called Mohawk-weed; (b) U. sessilifolia L. (O. sessilifolia S ae Canada and northeastern U. 8., Small or Sessile-leaved Be flower, is called Straw Lily. 2074. VACCARIA, Medic. Cow-herb, ete. Caryophyllaceae. From Latin, “cow” plant. Syn. Saponaria, in part. An- nual with small red or pink flowers. About 3 species, Europe and Asia. ? a. V. Vaccdria (L.) Britton (S. Vaccaria L., V. vulgaris Host. ). Europe and northern Asia, nat.in U.S. Cow-herb, Cow Basil, Cockle, Field Soapwort. 2075. VACCINIUM, L.Whortleberry, Huckleberry,etc. Ericaceae. The Latin name. Syn. Metagonia, in part. Shrubs, some arborescent, many producing edible berries. About 125 species, widely distributed; 30 in U. S. 386 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a, b. Cc. ® oo Y. arbéreum Marsh. Southeastern U.S. Farkleberry, Sparkle- berry, Tree Huckleberry, Gooseberry*. Y. Arctostaphylos L. Greece to the Caucasus. The dried leaves constitute Broussa tea, used for a beverage. VY. corymbésum L. (V. amenum Ait.). Canada to Virginia and Louisiana, west to Minnesota. Swamp, High-bush or Tall Blueberry, Giant Whortleberry or Huckleberry, Seedy Deer- berry. The late market blueberry. Fruit esculent. The _ Pale or Mountain Blue-berry of Virginia to 8. Carolina is (d) VY. pallidum Ait. (V. corymbosum var. pallidum Gray), the finest of our blueberries. Y. Myrtillus L. Europe, central and northern Asia, northern N. America. Whortleberry (of Europe), Bilberry, European Huckleberry (Hockleberry, Hurtleberry, Hurtberry, Hart- berry ), Whinberry, Wimberry, Winberry, Wine-berrv, Whortle (the plant), Whort (the fruit, also the plant), Whurt, Wort, Blaeberry (Scotland), Blackberry*, Black-heart; Ger. Heidel- beere, Besinge, Blaubeere, Bickbeere, Gandlebeere (Schwarze) ; Fr. Airelle myrtille (Codex). Fruit, Fructus myrtilli, Bacce myrtillorum, Myrtilla, astringent, antispasmodic, esculent. | VY. pendulifiérum Gaud. (M. penduliflora Nutt.) and (g) Y. reticulatumSm. Hawaiian Islands. Ohelo. Fruit acidulous and somewhat astringent, esculent. VY. Pennsylyanicum Lam. British America, south to New Jersey and Illinois. Dwarf, Low-bush or Sugar Blueberry, Whortleberry, Huckleberry, Strawberry Huckleberry, the early market blueberry. Other Low Blueberries are (i) Y. Canadénse Rich. and (j) Y. vacillans Kalm. (k) Y. atro- eéccum (Gray) Heller and (1) V. nigrum (Wood) Brit., with black fruit, are called Black Blueberry. The California Whor- tleberry is (m) V. ovatum Pursh. . V. stamineum L. Ontario and eastern U. S. Deerberry, Dangle-berry, Buck-berry, Goose-berry*, Squaw-berry, Squaw Huckleberry or Whortleberry. Fruit astringent, not edible. Root diuretic. VY. uliginésum L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Bog Bilberry, Great Bilberry, Bog Whortleberry, Bog Blue- berry, Bleaberry. ruit edible. Y. Vitis-Idaéa L. Europe, Asia, northern N. America. Mountain Cranberry, Rock Cranberry, Cow-berry, Cluster-berry, Flowering Box, Ling-berry, Red Bilberry, Red Whortleberry, Wine-berry, Wind-berry; Ger. Preisselbeere, Kronsbeere, Steinbeere, Rothbernitzbeere. ‘ruit acid, edible. Leaves as- _tringent diuretic, expectorant. 5076. VAGNERA, Adans. 1763. Smilacina. Convallariaceae. Named for Wagner. Syn. Smilacina (Kew), Desf. 1807, also Convallaria, in part. Perennial herbs with aspect of Solomon’s-seal. About 25 species, Asia and north to central America; 5 in U. S. . SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 387 e a. Y. racemésa (L.) Morong (S. racemosa Desf. (Kew), C. race- mosa L.). British America, south to Georgia, Missouri and Arizona. False Solomon’s-seal, Wild Spikenard, False Spike- nard, Small or Zigzag Solomon’s-seal, Golden-seal*, Job’s-tears*. 2077. VALERIANA, L. Valerian. Valerianaceae. From Latin valere, to be ‘‘strong’’. Syn. Phu, Rupp. Strong-scented perennial herbs. About 175 species, north tem- perate zone and S. America; 10 in U. S. a. V. Céltica L. Alps of Europe. Celtic Nard or Spikenard. Root, Nardus, Spica celtica, valued in the Orient for its perfume. See Nardostachys. b. ¥. édulis Nutt. British America, south to Ohio and Arizona. Edible Valerian, Tobacco-root, Oregon Tobacco. Root used by aborigines as food. ce. VY. officinalis L. (V. angustifolia Tausch, V. sambucifolia Mikan.). Europe and Asia, adv.in U.S. Valerian, called in America Garden Valerian, in Europe Great Wild Valerian; Cat's Valerian, Common Valerian, All-heal, Cut-heal, Setwall (originally applied to Zedoary, and only another form of the saiue name), Hardy or Summer Heliotrope, Herb bennet, Van- dal root; Ger. Baldrian; Fr. Valériane officinale. The root Valeriana, U.S. P., Valeriane Rhizoma Br., Radix Vale- rian, P. G., Radix valeriane minoris; antispasmodic, ner- vine. (d) VY. Mexicdna DC. and (e) V. Tolucedna DC. of Mexico, also (f) V. Sitchénsis Bong. of Alaska and several other species have like properties. g- V. Phi L. Western Asia and Southern Europe. Large Gar- den Valerian, Spikenard of Crete. Root, Radix valerianz majoris, inferior to that of (c). h. Y. sylvatica Banks (V. dioica Pursh, not L.). British Amer- ica, south to New York, Michigan and Arizona. Wood Vale- rian, Swamp or Marsh Valerian (these names in Europe applied to (i) Y. dioica L.), American Wild Valerian. 2078. VALERIANELLA, Poll. Corn-Salad, ete. Valerianaceae. Latin, diminutive of ‘Valerian’. Syn. Fedia, Locusta, Riv., Valeriana, in part. Dichotomously branched annuals. About 50 species, northern hemisphere, especially Mediterranean region; 7 in U.S. a. Y. Loctsta (L.) Bettke (Valerianella olitoria Poll. (Kew), L. communis Delarb., V. Locnsta and var. olitoria L. ). Europe to middle Asia and northern Africa, nat. in U. S. European Corn-Salad, Lamb’s Lettuce, Milk-grass, White Pot-herb; Ger. Ackersalat; Fr. Mache. Leaves, called Fetticus, used for salad. The American (b) V. radiata (L.) Dufr. (F. radiata Michx.), Beaked Corn-salad?, is also called Lamb’s Lettuce. 2079. VALERIANOIDES, Medic. 1789. * -Verbenaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Valerian-like’. Syn. Stachytarpheta. Vahl. 1805 (Stachytarpha), Abena, Neck. 1790, Vermicularia, Moench 1802. Herbs or shrubs resembling Vervain. About 45 species, warmer regions, especially of New World. 388 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS ? id a. V. Indica Medic. (S. Indica Vahl., V. Jamaicensis Medic. ). Common to tropical countries. Gervao, Brazilian Tea. Leaves used in Europe as a substitute for Chinese tea. 2080. VALLESIA, R. & P. Vallesia. Apocynaceae. Shrubs or trees. About 5 species, tropical America; 1 in U.S. 2081. VALISNERIA, L. Tape-grass, Eel-grass. Valisneriaceae. Named for Antonio Vallisneri, Italian naturalist, d. 1730. Aquatic perennials with grass-like leaves. One species, widely distributed (U. S. ). a. VY. spiralis L. Temperate and warm regions of both hemi- spheres. Tape-grass, Eel-grass, Wild Celery er Water Celery (Chesapeake Bay), Spring-plant (Australia). 2082. VANCOUVERIA, Morr. & Desne. Berberidaceae. Named for Capt. Vancouver, English navigator, 18th Century. Scapose perennials. Three species, Pacific coast of U.S. | 2088. VANILLA, Plum. Greenwithe, Purple-lip. Orchidaceae, From Latin (?), diminutive meaning ‘‘little pod’’. Robust climbers. About 20 species, tropical regions of Old and New World; 1 in U. S. a. VY. planifolia Andrews. Mexicoand Central America. Vanilla. The unripe fruit; Vanilla, U.S. P., Fructus Vanillae, P. G., Siliqua vanille; Ger., Fr. Vanille (Codex); Sp. Vainilla; Mex. Baynilla. Used as a flavoring agent. Vanilla is obtained from several other species, notably trom (b) Y. micrecarpa Karst. of Venezuela; (c) V. Pompoéna Schiede, Brazil and Peru and probably (d) V. Guianénsis Splitberger; not from (e) ¥. aromatica Swz., as is usually believed. 2084. VARILLA, Gray. Varilla. Compositae. From vernacular name. Mexico. Shrubby plants with thickened leaves and yellow flowers. Two species, one of Mexico, one of Texas. 2085. VARRONIA, P. Br. 1756. Sebesten, etc. Boraginaceae. Syn. Cordia, L. 1763, Sebesten, Adans. 1753; Myxa, Pilicor- dia, in part. ‘The name Cordia is the olderand has been adopt- ed below. Trees or shrubs. About 200 species, warmer re- gions; 4in U.S. In West Indies the species are called ‘‘Elm”. a. C. Myxa L. (C. Sebestena Forsk. not L., C. officinalis Lam.. S. officinalis Gaertn., probably includes V. Abyssinica DC. and C. Africana Lam.). India to Australia and western Africa. Sebestan (Sebesten, Sapistan), Sebestan Plum, Assyrian Plum; Ger. Schwarze Brustbeere. Bark a mild astringent. Fruit mucilaginouxs, emollient. The following have similar proper- ties and uses; (b) C. Boissieri DC., Texas to Mexico, Anacahuita (a jelly made from the fruits used in coughs), and (c) C. obliqua Willd. (C. latifolia Roxb.) of India. d. C, Sebesténa L. Florida to West Indies and northern S. America. Geiger tree. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 389 2086. VATERIA, L. Piney-varnish tree. Dipterocarpaceae. Named for Abraham Vater, German botanist, 18th Century. Syn. Eleeocarpus, in part. Resiniferous tree. About 30 spe- cies, tropical Asia. a. V. Indica L. (E. copaliferus Retz.). Ceylon and Malabar. Pinne tree, Piney-varnish tree, Copal-tree, Tallow-tree. Resi- nous exudate, Malabar or Indian Copal, Gum Anime, White Dammer, Dammer Pitch; used as incense as well as for var- nishes, and cut into ‘‘amber’’ ornaments. Seeds source of Piney Tallow, used for candles. 2087. VAUQUELINIA, Correa. Vauquelinia. Rosaceae. Named for Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, French chemist, d. 1829. Syn. Spirea, in part. Tree with corymbs of white flowers. Three species, Mexico and adjacent territory; 1 in U. S. 2088. VENEGASIA, DC. 1837. —Venegasia. Compositae. Named for Michael Venegas, Jesuit missionary. Syn. Parthenopsis, Kellogg 1875. Perennial he:b with large flower- heads (yellow). One species, California. 2089. VERATRUM, L. White or False Hellebore. Melanthaceae. Ancient Latin name of Hellebore. Syn. Melanthium, Helonias, in part. Robust herbs with acrid poisonous rhizome. About 10 species, north temperate zone; 5 in U. S. a. V. album L, (including var. viridiflorum Mert. & Koch., V. Lobelianum Bernh.). Europe and northern Asia. White Hellebore, White Veratrum, Lingwort, Sneezewort, Neeze- wort; Ger. Weisse Niesswurz, Weisser Germer, Kritzwurzel, Frengelwurz, Franzwurz, Sauwurz, Schampanierwurz; Fr. Hellébore blane (Codex), Vératre blanc; Sp. Vedegambre blanco. Rhizome and rootlets, Rhizoma Veratri, P. G., Rad. hellebori albi; counter-irritant, parasiticide, sternutatory. b. Y. viride Ait. (V. album var. viride Baker, M. virens Thunb., H. viridis Ker.). British America, south to Georgia and Minnesota. American Hellebore. Green Hellebore, Green or American Veratrum, American White Hellebore?, Big or False Hellebore, Swamp Hellebore, Bear-corn, Bugbane, Bugwort, Devil’s-bite, Duck-retter, Earth-gall, Indian Poke, Itch-weed, Poke-root*, Poor-Anne, Tickle-weed; Ger. Griiner Germer; Fr. Vératre vert; Sp. Vedegambre verdo. Rhizome and roots; Veratrum viride, U. S. P., Veratri viridis Rhizoma, Br., ad. veratri americani; arterial sedative, irritant, emetic, sternutatory. 2090. VERBASCUM, L. -Maullen, etc. Serophulariaceae. Ancient Latin name of (b). Syn. Blattaria, Thapsus, in part. Biennial, rarely perennial herbs. About 125 species, Old World; 5 nat. in U. S. a. VY. Blattdria L. (T. Blattaria Raf., B. vulgaris Four.). Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U.S. Moth Mullen ( Mullein). b. V. Thapsus L. (T. Schraderi Opiz., V. Schraderi G. Meyer. ). Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere. Com- mon Mullen (Mullein), Great Mullen, Velvet or Mullen Dock, 390 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS Aaron’s-rod, Adam’s-flannel, Blanket-leaf, Bullock’s-Lung- wort, Cow’s or Clown’s Lungwort, Candlewick, Feltwort, Flannel-leaf, Old-man’s flannel, Hare’s-beard, Hedge-taper (Hog-taper, High-taper, Hig-taper), Ice-leaf, Jacob’s-staff, Jupiter’s-staff, Lady’s Foxglove, Peter’s-staff, Shepherd’s-club, Torches, Torchwort, Velvet-plant, Woollen; Ger. Wollkraut, Kénigskerze, Himmelbrand; Fr. Bouillon blanc, Moléne; Sp. Gordoloba. Leaves, Fol. verbasci, mucilaginous, demulcent. Flowers vulnerary, anodyne. In Germany the flowers of (c) VY. Phliomoides L. and of V. thapsiforme Schrad. (V. Thap- sus G. Meyer, not L.) are used also. 2091. VERBENA, L. Verbena, Vervain. Verbenaceae. Latin name, applied first to green boughs used in certain sacred ceremonies. Syn. Buchnerat, (zlandularia; in part. Herbs, some shrubby, a few highly ornamental. About 100 species, nearly all American; 24 in U. S. a. V. Canadénsis (L.) Brit. (B. Canadensis L. 1767, V. Aubletia Jacq. 1772 (Kew), G. Carolinensis J. G. Gmel.). Southeast- ern U.S. to Mexico. Large-flowered Verbena. This and (b) Y. bipinnatifida Nutt., south-central U. S., are the originals of most of our garden Verbenas. b. VY. officinalis L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. European Vervain (Vervein, Vervine, Vervin, Berbine), Blue Vervain (of Europe), Enchanter’s herb, Enchanter’s plant, Herb-of- grace, Herb-of-the-cross, Holy-herb, Juno’s-tears, Pigeon-grass, Simpler’s-joy; Ger. Eisenkraut, Eisenhart, Stahlkraut, Isen- kraut, Venusblut; Fr. Verveine officinale (Codex). Herb, H. verbene v. columbariz v, sanguinalis; astringent, vulnerary. Leaves a substitute for Chinese tea. c. V. hastata L. (V. paniculata Lam.). Canada and eastern to central U.S. Blue Vervain, American Blue Vervain, Common Vervain, American or False Vervain, Wild Hyssop, lron-weed*, Purvain, Simpler’s-joy. Flowering herb, nauseant, expectorant, sudorific. (d) V. stricta Vent. (V. rigens Michx.), Ohio to New Mexico, Hoary or Mullen-leaved Vervain, is called also Fever-weed; (e) V. urticifolia L., Canada and eastern U. S., is White Vervain, Nettle-leaved Vervain, the plant used in Rhus poisoning. 2092. VERBESINA, L. Crown-beard. Compositae. Name altered from Verbera, q. v. Syn. Actinomeris, Nutt, recognized by Benth. & Hook. as a distinct genus; Siege-beckia, Ximenesia, Coreopsis, in part. Rough herbs, often with decur- zED leaves. About 60 species, mostly of New World; 12 in a. V. alternifolia (L.) Brit. (C. alternifolia L., A. squarrosa — Nutt. (Kew), A. alternifolia DC.). Southeastern U. S. Actinomeris, Wing-stem, Stick-weed. (b) Y. helianthoides Michx. lowa to Texas and Georgia. Sunflower Crown-beard. Plant reputed diuretic. a SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 391 2093. VERNONIA, Schreb. 1771. _Iron-weed. _Compositae. Named for William Vernon, English botanist, 17th Century. Syn. Behen, Hill 1762 not Moench 1794, Suprago, Gaertn. 1791; Chrysocoma, Serratula, Cacalia, in part. Perennial herbs, some shrubby, with small discoid flower-heads. About 475 species, warmer regions especially in S. America; 11 in U. 8. a. V. Noveboracénsis (L.) Willd., Ser. Noveboracensis L., B. Noveboracense Hill). Eastern U.S. New York or Common Jron-weed, Flat-top. 2094. VERONICA, L.Speedwell,Brooklime,ete-Scrophulariaceae.. Dedicated to St. Veronica. Herbs, shrubs or even trees,. many ornamental. About 200 species, widely distributed; 15 in JL. a. V. Americana Schwein. British America, south to Pennsy]- vania, Nebraska and California. American Brooklime, Blue- bell*. Resembles (b) VY. Anagallis-aquatica L. Europe, Asia and northern N. America. Water Speedwell, Water Pimpernel. VY. Beceabinga L. Europe and Asia. Brooklime, Horse Well-grass, Well-ink (Ireland), Wall-ink (Scotland), Water- purpie (Scotland); Ger. Bachbungen; Fr. Beccabunga (Codex), Cressonée. Fresh plant antiscorbutic, diuretic. © d. V. Chamaédrys L. Europe, nat. in U. 8. Germander Speed- well, Angel’s-eyes, Bird’s-eye, Blue-eye, Cat’s-eye, God’s-eye, Eye-bright, Forget-me-not (Scotland), Base Vervain; Fr. Véronique femelle, Petit chéne. The names Bird’s-eye and Cat’s-eye are given also to (e) V. Byzantina (Sibth. & Sm.) B.S. P. (V. agrestis var Byzantina 8. & S, V. Buxbaumii Tenore), Europe and Asia, adv. in U. §., Buxbaum’s or Byzantine Speedwell@. f. Y. officinalis L. Europe and Asia, nat, in U.S. Common Speedwell, Fluellin (Llewellyn), Ground-hele, Paul’s Betony* (a name given also to (g) VY. serpylifélia L., another natura- lized species), Upland Speedwell; Ger. Ehrenpreis, Wund- kraut, Heil-aller-Schaden, Grundheil, Veroniken, Stah-up-un- ga-weg; Fr. Véronique male. Herb, H. veronice, H. betonice albee, astringent, alterative, diuretic. Other notable species are (h) V. agréstis L., Europe, nat. in U. S., Field or Garden Speedwell, Procumbent Speedwell, Germander Chickweed, Winterweed; (i) V. hederaefélia L., Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S., Ivy-leaved Speedwell, Ivy Chickweed, Morgeline, Mother-of-wheat, Small Henbit, Winterweed and (j) V. peregrina L., widely distributed in - Old and New World, Purslane Speedweell, Neckweed. 2095. VIBURNUM,L. Black Haw, Viburnum, etc. Caprifoliaceae. The ancient Latin name. Shrubs or trees. About 100 spe- cies, widely distributed; 17 in U. 8. a. V. alnifélium Marsh. (Y. lantanoides Michx.). Canada to N. Carolina and Michigan. Hobble-bush, American Wayfaring- 392 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS tree, Dogwood*, Moose-berry, Moose-bush, Tangle-foot, Tangle- legs, Trip-toe, Witch-hobble, Witch-hopple. Bark diuretic. antiperiodic. ri b. VY. eassinoides L. (V. nudum var. cassinoides T. & Gr.). Canada and northeastern U. S. Withe-rod ( Wythe-rod), Appalachian Tea*, False Paraguay Tea. Leaves used as tea. c. V. Lentago L. Canada to Georgia and Missouri. Nanny- berry, Nanny-bush, Nanny Plum, Black Haw*, Black Thorn’, Sheep-berry, Sweet-berry, Sweet Viburnum, Tea-plant*, Wild Raisin. fruit edible. ies. Opulus L. (V. trilobum Marsh.). Europe, Asia, northern N. America, south to New Jersey, Michigan and Oregon. ‘Cranberry tree, High-bush Cranberry, Wild Guelder-rose, ~ Gueldres-rose, Cherry-wood, Cramp-bark tree, Dog Rowan-tree, White Dogwood (England), Whitten-tree, Red or Rose Elder, Marsh or Water Elder, White Elder, Gadrise, Gaiter-tree, Gatten, Love Rose, May Rose, Pincushion-tree, Squaw-bush, Witch-hobble, Witch-hopple; in cultivation Snowball-bush; Ger. Wasserholder, Wasserschwelke; Fr. Obier. Bark; Vibur- num Opulus, U.S. P.; uterine sedative, antispasmodic. Fruit acid. . e! VY. prunifélium L. Connecticut to Michigan, south to Florida and Texas. Black Haw, Boots, Nanny-berry*, Sheep-berry, Sloe*, Stag-bush. Bark; Viburnum Prunifolium, U. 8. P., uterine sedative, antispasmodic. Frwit edible. The name Black Haw is given also to (f) V. obovatum Walt. and (g) ¥. rufo-tomentésum Small (V. prunifolium var. ferrugineum ,T. & Gr.), both of southeastern U. §. Other species worthy of note are (h) VY. acerifolium L., Canada. and northeastern U. S., Maple-leaved Arrow-wood, Dockmakie, Maple Guelder-rose; (i) V. dentatum L., Canada and northeastern U. S., Arrow-wood, Mealy-tree, Withe-rod, Withe-wood; (j) ¥. Lantana L., Europe, Wayfaring-tree, Lithy-tree; leaves and berries astringent; (k) ¥. mélle Michx., eastern U. S., Soft-leaved Arrow-wood3, Black Alder*; (1) Y. nudum L. (V. nudum var. Claytoni T.& Gr.), South- eastern U. S., Larger Withe-rod ( Wythe-rod) or Withe-wood, Naked Viburnum?, Nanny-berry, Possum Haw, Possum Thorn, Shawnee Haw; (m) VY. pauciflorum Pylaie (V. Opulus var. eradiatum Oakes), British America and northern U. 8., Few- flowered Cranberry-tree, Squash-berry; (n) ¥. Tinus L., South- : ern Europe, cult. for ornament in U. 8., Laurestine. 2096. VICIA, L. Vetch, Tare. Papilionaceae. The ancient Latin name. Syn. Ervum, in part. Pea-like vines. About 120 species, north temperate zone and S. Amer- ica; 24 in U. S., including nat. species. a. V. sativa L. Europe, adv. in U. S. Common Vetch or Tare, Pebble Vetch, Spring Vetch. An important fodder plant. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 393 b V. Americina Muhl. Northern U.S. and northward. Amer- | ican or Purple Vetch, Pea-vine, Buffalo Pea. (c) V. Cracea L. Europe, Asia and northern N. America, south to Kentucky ' and Iowa, Tufted or Blue Vetch, Cow Vetch, Canada Pea, Cat- _ pea, Tine-grass; (d) Y. hirsuta (L.) Koch (E. hirsutum L., V. Mitchelli Raf.), Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U. S.; | Hairy Vetch or Tare, Strangle-tare, Tine-tare, Tine-weed; (e) | Y. Sépium L., Europe and Asia, adv. in U.S., Bush Vetch, Wild ‘lare, Crow Pea. 2097. VICTORIA, Lindl. Victoria Regia. Nymphaeaceae. Named in honor of queen Victoria. A gigantic water lily. One species, Amazon and tributaries. (a) VY. régia Lindl. (V. Regine Hook., V. Regina J. E Gray). Victoria or Royal Water-lilv, Water Maize, Irupe or Water-platter (Guiana). Seeds esculent. 2098. VIGNA, Savi. Cow Pea. Papilionaceae. Named for Dominico Vigna, Italian botanist, 17th Century. Syn. Dolichos, in part. Herbs, mostly climbing or trailing. About 30 species, tropical and sub-:ropical regions; 1 in U. S. a. V. Sinénsis (L.) Endl. (D. Sinensis L. 1756, D. Catjang L. * 1767, V. Catjang Walp.). Tropical Asia and Afriea and widely cult., adv. in U. S. Cow Pea, China Bean, Black-eyed Bean, Chowlee, Tow-cok (Tow-cock). Seeds and pods esculent. 2099. -VIQUIERA, He Bi Viquiera. Compositae. Named for Dr. A. Viquier, French botanist. Herbs, some shrubby. About 70 species, warmer regions of America; 7 in U. S. (Mexican border). 2100. VINCA, L. Periwinkle. Apocynaceae. The Latin name, originally Pervinca, whence the English periwinkle. Erect or trailing herbs with blue, pink or ee ae About 12 species, all but one of Old World; 1 nat. in U. S. a. VV. major L. Europe. Larger Periwinkle, Band plant, Cut- finger, Hundred-eyes; Ger. Grosses Sinngriin; Fr. Pervenche grande (Codex). Leaves astringent, hemostatic. b. V. minor L. Europe, nat. in U.S. Periwinkle (Pennywinkle Penny-winkler), Small Periwinkle, Hundred-eyes, Myrtlef, ‘Running Myrtle; Ger. Kleines Sinngriin; Fr. Pervenche petite (Codex). Leaves astringent, hemostatic. 2101. VINCETOXICUM, Walt. 1788. Asclepiadaceae. From Greek, “subduing poison’. Syn. Gonolobus, Michx. 1803, Cynanchum, in part. Perennial vines with flowers in umbel-like cymes. About 75 species, New World; 6 in U.S. a. V. hirstitum (Michx.) Brit. (G. hirsutus Michx.). South- eastern U. 8. Hairy Vincetoxicum?, Running Milk-weed, Negro-vine. 2102. VIOLA, L. - Violet. - _. Violaceae. The Latin name. Herbs, afew shrubby. About 150 species, widely ‘distributed; 57 in U. S. 394 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. V. blanda Willd. British America, south to N. Carolina ad California. Sweet White Violet, American Sweet Violet. b. ¥. Canadénsis L. Canada, south to N. Carolina, Nebraxa and Arizona. Canada Violet, American Sweet Violet, Juie- flower, Hens. ce. V. cuenlléta Ait. Canada and eastern U. S. Common Blie Violet, Meadow or Hooded Blue Violet. In common wih other species, called also Johnny-jump-up*, and the flowers (ly children) Chicken-fighters and Roosters. d. Y. odorata L. Europe and northern Asia, cult. and adv. i U.S. English Violet, Marsh or Sweet Violet; Ger. Mirzviel- chen; Fr. Violette odorante (Codex); Sp. Violeta. lowers fragrant, reputed refrigerant and lenitive. . e.. ¥. pedata L. Ontario and eastern U. 8. Bird’s-foot Violet; Crow-foot, Horse, Horseshoe, Sand, Snake or Wood Violet, American Pansy, Johnny-jump-up, Velvets (applied particularly to var. bicolor). Fresh plant (formerly official U. 8. P.) reputed emollient, laxative, etc. f. ¥. tricolor L. Europe and northern Asia; cult. and adv. in U.§, Pansy, Heart’s-ease, Lady’s-delight, Garden or Trinity Violet, Battle-field flower, Biddy’s-eyes, Cat’s-faces, Cupid’s-delight, Fancy, Flamy, Garden-gate, MHeart’s-pansy, Herb-trinity, Johnny-jump-up, Johnny-jumper, Kisses, Kiss-me, Love-in- idleness (Shakespere), Monkey’s-face, None-so-pretty,, Step- mother; Ger. Stiefmiitterchen, Freisamkraut, Dreifaltigkeits- kraut, Ie-linger-ie-lieber; Fr. Pensée sauvage (Codex); Sp. Trinitaria. The wild-grown flowering herb (official in U.S. P. 1880); Herba viole tricoloris, P. G., jaceee, H. trini- tatis, alterative, discutient. 2108. YVIROLA, Aubl. Virola. Myristicaceae. Trees, the species referred by many botanists to Myristica. About 10 species, tropical S. America. a. V. sebifera Aubl. (M. sebifera Swz.), Guiana. Malagueto de montana (Panama). Seeds source of Virola tallow, called also Ocuba wax, used for candles, etc. 2104. VISCARIA, Roehl. Campion. Caryophyllaceae. From Latin, ‘‘glutinous’’. Syn. Lychnis, in part. Herbs. About 5 species, north temperate and arctic zones; 1 in U. S. (a) ¥. Alpina (L.) Roehl. (L. Alpina L,). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Red Alpine Campion. 2105. VISCUM, L. - Mistletoe. - Loranthaceae. The ancient Latin name, from Greek. Shrubby parasites. About 30 species, warm and temperate regions, Old World. a. V. album L. Europe, growing often on apple, pear or plum trees. Mistletoe ( Misseltoe, Miseltoe, Miselto), European Mistletoe; Ger. Mistel, Eichenmistel*; Fr. Gui de chéne, Gillon; Sp. Visco, Muérdago. Branches, Stipites visci, Lignum visci, antispasmodic, uterine stimulant; source of bird-lime. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 395 2106. VISMIA, Vandelli. Wax-tree. Hypericaceae. Named for Visme, botanist of Lisbon. Shrubs or trees. About 30 species, tropical Africa and America. (a) V¥. Gui- anénsis. Mexico to Brazil. Gutta-gum tree, Wax-tree. Gum resin, American Gamboge, (Gummi gutta), a drastic cathartic. Other species yield similar products. 2107. VITEX, L. Vitex, etc. Verbenaceae. The Latin name of (a). Aromatic shrubs or trees, some yielding hard and durable timber (Teak of New Zealand, Lig- num vitae of Queensland). About 75 species, warmer regions ~ of Old and New World; 1 in U. S. a. V. Agnus-castus LL. Mediterranean region. Chaste-tree, Abraham’s-balm, Hemp-tree, Monk’s Pepper-tree; Ger. Abra- hamstrauch, Keuschlamm, Ménchspfefter. Seeds aromatic. (b) V. lignum-vitae A. Cunn. is Queensland Lignum vitae. 2108. VITIS, L. : Grape. - Vitaceae. The ancient Latin name. Climbing woody vines, mostly with tendrils. About 40 species, warm and temperate regions; 25 in U.S. a. V. aestivalis Michx. Eastern U.S. Summer Grape, Small Grape. Original among others of Jacques, Cynthiana and Norton’s Virginia varieties of cultivated grapes. b. V. cordifélia Michx. Eastern U. S., west to Nebraska. Frost Grape, Fox Grape, Chicken Grape, Possum Grape, Winter Grape. c. V. Labrisea L. New England to Georgia, west to Minnesota, also in Japan. Northern Fox Grape, Northern Plum Grape, Wild Grape, Wild Vine. The original of the Isabella, Concord, Catawba and many other varieties. The Delaware Grape is a cross with this and V. vinifera L. . V. rotundifélia Michx. (V. vulpina Torr. & Gr. not. L.). Maryland to Texas and Mexico, also in eastern Asia. South- ern Fox Grape, Bullace Grape, Muscadine Grape. The origi- nal of the Scuppernong. Less hardy than other American Grapes, but resists phylloxera perfectly. Qu e. VY. vinifera L. Southern Europe to central Asia, widely cult, Wine Grape; European Hot-house or California (srape, includ- ing numerous varieties such as Tokay, Muscatel, etc. from which European wines are produced; Ger. Weinrebe, Wein- stock; Fr. Vigne. Fruit esculent. Fermented juice of the ripe fruit, Grape Wine; Vinum Album, U.S. P., Vinum Xericum Br., Vinum, P. G.; Ger. Wein; Fr. Vin. Dried fruit, Raisins, Passulz, Uv passe; Ger. Rosinen, Zibeben; Fr. Raisins secs. From the seedless variety V. (minuta Risso, V. apyrena Auct. ), the black Corinth or Zante grape, are prepared the ‘“‘currants”’ (i. e. Corinthian grapes) of commerce. f. V. vulpina L. (V. riparia Michx., V. cordifolia var. riparia Gr.). Canada, south to Maryland and Arkansas. River-side Grape, Sweet-scented Grape, Bull Grape, Frost or Winter Grape, Aroyo Grape, Muscadine Grape. Source of the Clinton and Franklin varieties. Ponies 396 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2109. VITTARIA, Sm. Vittaria. Polypodiaceae. From Latin, a ‘‘band’’ or ‘‘fillet’’. Ferns with simple linear fronds. About 5 species, tropical regions; 1 in U. 8. 2110. VOUACAPROUA, Aubl. 1775 ( Vuacapua). Papilionaceae. Syn. Andira, Lam. 1783 (Kew); Geoffrea (Geoffroya), in part. Ornamental trees. About 25 species, mostly of Brazil. a. ¥. Araréba (Aguiar) Lyons (A. Araroba Ag.). Brazil. Ara- roba or Arariba tree, Angelim Amargoso, Angelin amarzogo. The source of Goa powder, called also Bahia powder, Brazil powder, Ringworm powder; Pulvis goa, Po de Araroba, Po de Bahia; Ger. Goapulver, Bahiapulver. From this is pre- pared Chrysarobin, Chrysarobinum, U.S. P., antiseptic, dis- cutient. b. ¥. inérmis (Swz. ) Lyons (G. inermis Swz., A. inermis Kunth. ). West Indies. Jamaica Cabbage-tree, Partridge-wood. Bark, Yellow Cabbage-tree bark, properties of (c). c. ¥. rettisa (Poir.) Lyons (G. retusa Poir., A. retusa Kunth). Surinam and Cayenne. Surinam Cabbage-tree. Bark, Surinam bark, Brown Cabbage-tree bark, Bark of (b) and (c) is called Worm bark, Andira; Ger. Kohlbaumrinde, Wurmrinde; Fr. Ecorce de geoffrée; emeto-cathartic, anthelmintic. ad. ¥. vermifuga O. Kze. (G. vermifuga St. Hil., A. vermifuga - Mart., A. anthelmintica Benth.). Brazil. Seeds of this and other species, as (e) V. Aublétii (Benth.) Lyons (A. Aubletii Benth. ) and (f) V. spinulésa (Mart.) Lyons (A. spinulosa Mart. identitied with (d) by Index Kew.), Angelim seeds, Angelim dolce; anthelmintic. 2111. VOYRIA, Aubl. Voyria. Gentianaceae. Herbs, parasitical on old tree-trunks. About 25 species, tropical America; 1 in U. 8. 2112. WALDSTEINIA, Willd. Waldsteinia. Rosaceae. - Named for Franz Adam von Waldstein, Wartenburg, Ger- man botanist, d. 1823, Herbs with aspect of Fragaria. Four known species, north temperate zone; 2 in U,S. 2118. WALTHERIA, L. Waltheria. Sterculiaceae. Named for Prof. Walther of Leipsic. Herbs or shrubs. About 30 species, tropical regions; 2in U.S. (a) W. sndica L. (W. Americana Lindl. ), is widely distributed in tropical countries, extending to southern U. 8., and has been used medi- cinally; (b) W. glomerata Presl. of tropical America, is call- ed Matico* and Yerba del soldado;shemostatie. 2114. WAREA, Nutt. (not Waria, L.) Warea. Cruciferae. Annual herbs. Three species in southern U. 8. 2115. WASHINGTONIA, Raf. 1818. Sweet Cicely. Umbelliferae. Named in honor of George Washington. Syn. Osmorrhiza, Raf. 1818, Myrrhis. Perennial herbs with aromatic, some- what fleshy clustered roots. About 15 species, eastern Asia and America; 5in U. S. . 0 YS wl ¢ SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 397 a. W. Claytoni (Michx.) Brit. (M. Claytoni Michx., O. brevisty- lis DC.). Canada to N. Carolina and Nebraska. Woolly Sweet Cicely, Hairy Sweet Cicely, Sweet Chervil or Jarvil. See Myrrhis. b. W. longistylis (Torr.) Brit. (M. longistylis Torr., O. longisty- lis DC. Canada to Alabama and Texas. Smoother Sweet Cicely, Anise-root, Sweet Anise, Sweet Chervil or Jarvil, Cicely- root. oot aromatic, carminative, stomachic. 2116. WEDELIA, Jacq. 1760. Niebuhria. Compositae. Named for Prof. G. W. Wedel of Jena, 17th Century. Syn. Niebuhria, Neck. 1790, not DC. 1824 (Kew) nor Scop. 1777. Herbs and undershrubs, mostly littoral. About 50 species, warmer regions of Old and New World; 1in U.S. [Wedelia, Loefl. 1758 is a genus of Nyctaginaceae, in Index Kewensis united with Allionia, Loefi. 1758. Heller catalogues one spe- . cies, and one also of the foregoing. | 2117. WHIPPLEA, Torr. Whipplea. Saxifragaceae. Suffrutescent plants. Two species, Pacific border of U. 8. 2118. WHITNEYA, Gray. Whitneya. Compositae. Named for Josiah D. Whitney of Cal. Geological Survey. Low perennial herb with aspect of Arnica. One species, Cali- fornia. ; 7 2119. WILLUGHBAEA, Neck. 1790. Mikania. Compositae. Named for Francis Willoughby, English naturalist, d. 1672. Syn. Mikania, Willd. 1804; Eupatorium, in part. Herbaceous vines, some shrubs, with swall discoid flower-heads. About 150 species, New World; 2in U. S. a. W. seandens (L.) Kze. (E. scandens L., M. scandens Willd. ). Ontario and eastern U.S. Climbing Hemp-weed, Climbing Boneset. 2120. WISLIZENIA, Engelm. Wislizenia. Capparidaceae. Annual herbs. Two species, Mexican border of U. S. 2121. WISSADULA, Medic. Wissadula. Malvaceae. Hoary shrubs. About 8 species, tropical, all but one of New World; 2 in U.S. 2122. WITHANIA, Pauguy 1824. Withania. Solanaceae. Syn. Physaloides, Moench 1794, not Physalodes, Boehm. 1760. Hoary or woolly shrubs. Four species, Mediterranean region and southern Asia. a. W. coagulans Dun. India. Frwii used as a substitute for ren- net in making cheese. 2123. WOLFFIA, Horkel. Wolffia, Duckmeat. Lemnaceae. Named for N. M. von Wolff, Polish naturalist, d. 1784. Plant consisting of a minute floating thallus. About 12 species; 3in U. 8. The smallest of flowering plants, except the following. ° x 398 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2124. WOLFFIELLA, Hegelm. —_Wolffiella. Lemnaceae. Latin, diminutive of ‘‘Wolffia. Syn. Wolffia, in part. Min- ute ffoating plants. About 7 species; 3 in U. 8. . 9125. WOODSIA, R.Br. Woodsia,Flower-cupFern. Polypodiaceae, Named for Joseph Woods, English botanist, d. 1864. Syn. Hypopeltis, in part. Small or medium-sized ferns. About 15 species; 7 in U.S 2126. WOODWARDIA, J.E. Smith. Chain-fern. Polypodiaceae. Named for Thomas J. Woodward, English botanist, d. 1820. Robust ferns. Six species; 3 in U. §, 2127. WRIGHTIA, R. Br. Wrightia. Apocynaceae. Named for Dr. William Wright, botanist of Jamaica. Syn. Nerium, in part. Shrubs or trees. About 12 species, tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. See Holarrhena. (a) W. tine- toria R. Br. (N. tinctorium Roxb.). India. Palay. Ivory- tree. One of the plants yielding indigo. 2128. WULFENTA, Jacq. 1781. Wulfenia. Scrophulariaceae. Named for Rey. F. X. Wulfen, botanical author, d. 1804. Syn. Synthyris, Benth. 1846, also Gymnandra, in part. Herbs with dense spikes of pink or purple flowers. About 12 species, mostly of New World; 9 in U. 8S. 2129. WYETHIA, Nutt. Wyethia. Compositae, Named for Nathaniel J. Wyeth, American botanist. Stout low herbs with large heads of mostly yellow flowers. Twelve species, Pacific slope, U. S. 2130. XANTHISMA, DC. 1836. Xanthisma. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘dyed yellow’. Syn. Centauridium, Tor. & Gr. 1840. Annual or biennial herb with showy yellow flowers. One species, Texas. 2131. XANTHIUM, L. Clotbur, Cocklebur. Ambrosiaceae. Ancient Greek name of X. strumarium, the plants yielding a ‘‘yellow’’ dye. Coarse, rough or spiny moncecious annuals. — About 5 species widely distributed; 4 in U. S. (only one indi- genous ). E \ a. X. spindsum L. S. America (?) now widely nat. in U. S. and in Old World. Spiny Clotbur, Thorny Clotbur or Cockle- bur, Spring Clotbur, Thorny Clotweed or Bur-weed. Leaves antiperiodic, reputed a prophylatic against hydrophobia. b. X. strumarium L. Europe and Asia, widely nat. in U. S. and elsewhere. Common or Broad Cocklebur, Bur-weed, Button- bur, Bur Thistle, Small or Lesser Burdock*, Sea Burdock, Clot- bur (Clote-bur), Ditch-bur, Dike-bur, Louse-bur, Sheep-bur; Ger. Spitzklette, Kropfklette; Fr. Lampourde, Petit glouteron. Plant antisyphilitic, alterative. Seeds yield a bland fixed oil. Similar to this is (c) X. Canadénse Mill., Canada to N. Carolina, Nevada and Mexico, American Cocklebur, Sea Cocklebur (Cucklebur), Hedge-hog Bur-weed, Canadian Bur. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 399 2132. XANTHOCEPHALUM, Willd. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘yellow head’. Syn. Gutierrezia, in part. Herbs, some shrubby, with small flower-heads (yellow). About 10 species, mostly of Mexico; 3 in southern U. S. 2133. XANTHORRHOEA, Smith. Black-boy tree. Liliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘yellow exudate’. Robust plants, somewhat resembling Yucca, with the small flowers in a dense cylindrical spike. About 12 species, Australia. a. X. arborea R. Br. Australia. Black-boy tree. Resinous exu- date, Black-boy gum, red, like dragon’s blood. b. X. hastilis R. Br. Australia, Grass Gum-tree, Grass-tree, Yel- low-gum tree. Fragrant yellow resinous exudate, Botany-bay resin, Acaroid resin or gum, antispasmodic, carminative. 2134. XANTHORRHIZA, L.Her.(Zanthorrhiza).Ranunculaceae. From Greek, ‘‘yellow root’. Low shrubby perennial with yellow wood. One species, viz. (a) X. apiifolia L’ Her. (X. simplicissima Marsh.). New Yorkto Florida. Shrub Yellow- root, Parsley-leaved Yellowwort, Yellow-wood. Rhizome and root, bitter, tonic. 2135. XANTHOSOMA, Schott. | Blue Eddoes. Araceae. From Greek, yellow body’. Herbs from a tuberous or thickened root-stock. About 20 species, tropical America; 1 in U.S. (a) X. sagittifolium Schott. West Indies to south- ern Florida. Tannier (Tanier), Blue or Nut Eddoes. Tubers farinaceous, esculent, resembling Taro. 2136 XANTHOXYLUM, 1.1753. (Zanthoxylum). Rutaceae. From Greek, ‘‘yellow wood’. Syn. Zanthoxylon, Walt., Fagara, L. 1759., Pterota, P. Br. 1756; Fagarastrum, in part. Trees or shrubs with odd-pinnate leaves. About 110 species, temperate and warm regions; 6 in U.S. . X. alatum Roxb, of India, and (b) X. piperitum DC. of Japan (Japanese Pepper), produce pungently aromatic fruits used as condiments. . X. Americdinum Mill. (X. fraxineum Willd.). Canada, south to Virginia and Missouri. Prickly Ash, Northern Prickly Ash, Angelica-tree, Pellitory bark, Suter-berry, Toothache- tree, Toothache-bush, Yellow-wood; Ger. Zahnwehrinde, Zahn- wehholz; Fr. Clavalier, Fréne epineux. Bark of this and of (e); Xanthoxylum, U.S. P., pungent, sialagogue, alterative, emmenagogue. Berries used to flavor beer, etc. rs) io) Qu. . X. Capénse Harv. (Fagarastrum Capense G. Don). South Africa. Wild Cardamom. Fruit aromatic, carminative, e. X. Clava-Héreulis L, (X.Carolinianum Lam.). Southeastern U.S. Southern Prickly Ash, Sea Ash, Hercules’-club, Yellow- Hercules, Pepper-wood, Wild Orange*, Yellow Prickly Ash, Yellow-wood, Prickly or West Indian Yellow-wood, German and French synonyms and properties of (c). This plant has been popularly confounded with 170 (f) q. v. 400 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS f. X. Fagara (L.) Sarg. (X. Pterota H. B. K., X. Pterotum St. Lag., P. Fagara Crantz). Tropical America to southern U. 8, Bastard Ironwood, Wild Lime, Savin*. The South American (g) X. Narangilo Griseb. is said to be sudorific, sialagogue and diuretic, like Jaborandi. 2137. XEROPHYLLUM, Michx. Turkey-beard. Melanthaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dry leaf’’. Tall perennial herbs with ample terminal racemes of white flowers. Three species, all of U. S. 2138. XIMENIA, L. Tallow-nut, ete. Olacaceae. Named for Francisco Ximenes, Spanish naturalist, 17th Cen- tury. Shrubs or trees. About 5 species, tropical regions; 1 in U.S. a. X. Americana L. (X. inermis L., X. spinosa Salisb.). West Indies, Florida and Mexico. Tallow-nut, Wild Olive, called in Florida Hog Plum and Wild Lime, in West Indies Mountain or Seaside Plum, False Sandalwood, in Mexico Alvarillo del campo. Fruit edible. Flowers and wood fragrant. 2139. XOLISMA, Raf. 1819. Privet Andromeda. Ericaceae. Syn. Lyonia, Nutt. 1818, not Raf. 1808, nor Ell. 1817; Andro- meda, Vaccinium, in part. Shrubs or small trees. About 10 species, N. America; 3 in U.S. a. X. ligustrina (L.) Brit. (V. ligustrinum L., A. ligustrina Muhl., L. ligustrina DC.}. Canada and eastern U. S. Privet Andromeda, Lyon’s Andromeda?, Seedy Buck-berry, White Alder, White-bush, White Pepper. 2140. XYLOPICRUM, P. Br. 1756. Bitter-wood. Anonaceae. From Greek, ‘‘bitter wood’’. Syn. Xylopia, L. 1759; Hab- zelia, Unona, Uvaria, in part. ‘Trees or shrubs. About 35 species, tropical regions, mostly of New World. a. X. Aethidpicum (Rich.) Lyons (Xylopia Aethiopica Rich., H. Aethiopica A. DC.). Western Africa. Fruit, African, Guinea or Negro Pepper, Piper aethiopicum of old writers. Several South American species also yield aromatic fruits used as condiments. (b) X. glabra L. is the Bitter-wood of the West Indies. 2141. XYLORRHIZA, Nutt. | Xylorrhiza. — Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘wood root”. Syn. Aster, in part. Herbs re- sembling Aster. Seven species in western U. 8. 2142, XYRIS, L. Yellow-eyed Grass, etc. Xyridaceae. Greek name of a species of Iris, ‘‘sharp’’. Scapose plants mostly with two-ranked equitant leaves and yellow flowers. About 40 species; 19 in U. 8. a. X. Carolinidna Walt. (X. Jupicai Michx., P. elata Chapm. ). Atlantic and Gulf States. Carolina Yellow-eyed Grass. Leaves and roots used in cutaneous diseases, as are those of (b) X. ndica L., in India; (c) X. Americdna Aubl., in Guiana and the related (d) Abolboda Brasiliénsis Kunth (X. vaginata Spreng. ), in Brazil. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 40] 2143. YEATESIA, Gray. (Gatesia). Yeatesia. Acanthaceae. One species in western U. S. 2144. YUCCA, L. Adam’s-needle, ete. Liliaceae. The vernacular name (San Domingo’. Robust, even arbores- cent plants, the showy white flowers in an ample panicle. About 16 species, N. America; 15 in southern U. S. Leaves of several species yield a fiber called dagger-fiber. The stems of some species are used by the Mexicans asa substitute for soap, called by them Amole. i] - Y. aloifélia L. Southeastern U. 8. Spanish-dagger, Dagger- plant, Spanish-bayonet, Adam’s-needle-and-thread, Eve’s- thread. Fruit succulent, edible, locally called banana. b. Y. arboréscens (Torr.) Trelease. Mohave desert. A tree sometimes 40 feet high. Joshuatree. Seedsused for food by aborigines. 9 Y. bacedta Torr. Texas to California and Mexico. Spanish- bayonet, Mexican Banana, Soap-plant. Fruit edible. Leaves yield Tambigo fiber. ou . Y. gloriésa L. (Y. integerrima Stokes). Southeastern U. S. Glorious Yucca?, Dwarf Palmetto*, Mound Lily. Still more ornamental is (e) ¥. macrocdérpa Coville, Texas to New Mexico and Mexico, se ' Y. filamentésa L. Southeastern U. S. and cult. in gardens. Adam’ s-needle, Adam’ s-needle-and-thread, Eve’ s-thread, Thread- and-needle, Eve’s-darning-needle, Bear’s-thread, Bear-grass, Silk-grass. 2145, ZAMIA, L. Florida Arrow-root. Cycadaceae. From Latin, ‘‘fir cone’. Plants with palm-like foliage and a short thick caudex, often wholly subterranean. About 30 species, tropical N. America; 2 in U. S. a. Z. integrifélia Jacq. Florida and West Indies, called in Flo- rida Coontee (Coontie, Koontee), in Jamaica Wild Sago. Starch from the tuber-like caudex, Florida Arrowroot. neon ans vise ee AR Sugar Maple. BEV Mead dck> woudl. Aas Lotus. eer ee Rose MINN eis Wc e aih shia t's & te CE Fleur de lis. MSOPDANY » 6-2 5 ouec 0 | see -eeeeeeeeCorn-flower. Briand... 2... scekaciss. > + EREIEOOR, MR Pe ors oe eee eee Lily a, |, gi a en es eG eR: Linden. 1) Ce ee 2 EE Mignonette. At oC A a ot ee wee rs ¢ Thistle. PRIN ics Dh aeons citer Pomegranate. RE Fite Sie a a iech swe Gd omie Leek. For the United States Golden-rod is proposed, although some favor the Trailing Arbutus. STATE FLOWERS. SEG Pore TT, eee eee, oe me Eschscholtzia. PAN ai ocks abo Oa Alas Souk Columbine. CLS WANG roc 540.55 on edie Peach Rose. Hawanan? Jelands. : oo: sccse. ao. Ilima TE aR OE IS A EI Sept. 7 Pine (cone and tassel ). PASCO ae eee ose Rae Apple-blossom. Montasdi.s so 5 ek PLA AY ee ae Bitter-root. Minnesota... 0000. .....s004..5 ). . ppripediam- Nebraskan 360K. st). 23 Se Golden-rod, Nevada. .\; .:.s:.\ceeeteits wie lates Sunflower. Mow. ¥ Ofkiks bic ten aes ee Rose. RG oe ae ae Rear gore hee ES Golden-rod. Oklahoma Ter................... Mistletoe. Memode lelaxie 7 s/s es oa veep Violet. a ak oiaX, 5) oo ssi Selena Reale Sego Lily. PGRREIN Gad. sss « u.wxeh aaneett oe eee Red Clover. ol Pe Pe Pa ei Rhododendron. ERRATA AND ADDENDA. (NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE.) 2. a. Insert synonym Mast tree. 2. f. For A. Picea (L.) Lyons, read A. Picea (L.) Lind. 45. For Cichoreaceae, read Cichoriaceae. 75. Insert, see Wedelia. 81. For Alophila, read Alophia (bis) and insert, From Greek, ‘‘without crest”. 82. a. For A. Galangal, read A. Galanga. 34. a. For Balantium, read Dicksonia. 101. b. For A. Cardamomum L., read A. Cardamom L. (A. Car- damomum Koen., not White. ) 223. For New Zeland, read New Zealand. 263. f. For Bar-marigold, read Bur Marigold. 821. a. Insert as synonym C. floripendia Comm., probably an older name. 330. a. For B. gummifera L., read B. Simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Pis- tacia Simaruba L.). $74. c. Read 374. d 414. b. Read C. ficifolia (Lam.) Cogn. (B. ficifolia Lam.). In- sert also, See Trianosperma. » 500. d., also 500 g. Read Properties of (a). 534. a. line 2. Omit the second ‘‘Autumn”’ 565, a. Read C. Langsdorfii. 629. a. For H. Cymbalaria, read A. Cymbalaria. 712. d. Read Fr. Fougére male. 713. d. Read Whitewood. 802. k. Strike out Spotted Eyebright as synonym. 918. a. line 3. Read dyspnoea. 1140. Strike out Orobus as synonym. 17238. e. Read 1723. c. 2001. b. Read T. utriculata. 2063. After notably, read (b) instead of (a). GENERAL INDEX. NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Botanical names must be looked for in their alphabetical place. in the body of the work: If not found there, look in the index for the genus name which will be marked with an Asterisk (*) and see whether the name does not occur elsewhere as a synonym. Thus failing to find Atropa physalodes L. under Atropa, No. 219, look for Atropa in the index, where there will be found references to 1274 and 1579. Under the latter you will find the name sought given as a synonym of Physalodes physalodes (L.) Brit., known popularly as Apple of Peru or Peruvian Bluebell. Where the common name consists of a noun and adjective look always for the noun, if that is properly a plant name, as Lily or Rose. Otherwise you will find the name treated as a compound word, e. g. Meadow-sweet, Old-man, to be looked for in their alphabetical place in the index. Remember in this connection that all such names as Calisaya bark, Spruce'gum, Persian berries are treated as compound words; do not look for Bark, Gum, Berries, but for Calisaya, Spruce, Per- sian. Where the same popular name is applied to several species, that which it most commonly designates is placed first, and where the application of the name is unusual, the fact is indicated by affixing to the reference a dagger (T). In the case of common genera such as Oak, Maple, Ash, a general reference only is given to the genus in question, under which the species sought can then be readily found. Thus, to find Sugar Maple, look for Maple (species), The reference is to 16, under which you will find that the name is applied especially to Acer Saccharum Marsh., but also to A. Negundo L. and to A. ‘nigrum Michx., the last distinguished, however, as Black Sugar Maple. Jf you fail to find a name in the index, turn always to the body of the work, and see whether the name is not given there in its alphabetical place as a genus name. German, French and Latin names are to be looked for in the index, the noun usually standing first. Pharmacopoeial names are not given in the index when they coincide with the botanical . 408 GENERAL INDEX. (generic) name, as there will be no difficulty in finding them. The aim has been to include in the index all that is necessary to its practical com- pleteness, without extending it to inordinate proportions. * Generic name used as a synonym. + Name more properly applied to some other plant, or else a mis- nomer. Names in Italics are synonyms not included in the body of the work. Names in small capitals are English equivalents of generic names. Aaron (Aron) 189. a Aaron’s-beard 583. b, 629. a, 1792. a Aaron’s-rod 1824, c, 1869. b, 2090. b Abaca (Abaka) 1367. e Abdalavi 6138. a *Abies 419, 1138, 1587, 2046 Abele (Abel, Abbey) 1652. a *Abelmoschus 1603. a, ¢ *A beua 2079 *A beria 701 Abilla 829, under ‘a) Abo (Aboli) 1133. a Abolboda 2142. d Afsraham’s-balm 2107. a. Abrahamstrauch 2107. a Abricotier 1663. c Abro sol 963. a Abrotanum 187. a Abscess-root 1634. ¢ Absinthe, grande 187. b Absinthe petite 187. o *A bsinthium 187. Absinthium Alpinum 187, h Absinthium, U. S. P. 187. b Abutua 475. a Absus 396. a Acacia 7, 64, 1664 Acacia, Bastard 1738. a Acacia, False 1738. a Acacia, Rose 1738. b, c Acacia, Three-thorned 895. b Acacia U.S. P. 7. k, ete. Acajou & pommes 114. a Acajou-nut 1829, a Acanthe fausse 982. b Acantho-mastich 215. a Acaroid resin 2133. b. Acazie, Falsche 1738. a *Acerates 120, 908 *Acetosa 1480, 1753 *Acetosella 1753 Ach-root 1359. a Ache 158. a, b’ ftAche 1711. k Ache céleri 158. a Ache des chiens 51. a Ache des montagnes 1190. a Achiras 369. a *Achyranthes 508 +Achyranthes 86 *Achyropanpus 1803 *Achras 682 *Achras 1228, 1334 Ackelei 166. b Ackersalat 2078. a Ackerspergel 1884. a *Acmella 1893 Aconit féroce 25. e Aconit Napel 25. i Aconite 25. esp. i Aconite, Winter 759. a Aconitum U. 8. P. 25. i Acore odorant, ou vrai 26. a Acorn 1704. q Acorn, Duck 1391. a *Acrocomia 529. a *Acrostichum 712 *Actaea 497 Actaea radix 497. a Actée & grappes 497. a *A ctinvella 1589 *Actinocarpus 643 *A ctinomeris 2092 Acupa 1029. a Adam-and-Eve 159, a Adam’s-flannel 2090. b Adam ’s-needle 2144, f Adam’s-needle-and-thread 2144. a, f Adam/’s-needles 1796. a Adder’s-grass 1445 Adder’s-leaf 785. b Adder’s-meat 83. b, 1956. a Adder’s-mouth 21 Adder’s-root 189, a Adder’s-spear 1445 Adder’s-tongue 785, 1445 yAdder’s-tongue 1762 1814.a Adder’s-wort 731. a, 1641. e Adiantum aureum 1649. a *A dnaria 873 Adonis-flower 44, b *Adorium 1370 Adrue 635. a *Aerobion 136 Aeschenwurzel 673. a *Aescbrion 1590 *Aethulia 1812 Affenbrod 32. a Affodil 1385. a Afterbirth-weed 1928. a Afternoon-ladies 1335. a Agallocha 813. a *Agallochum 165 Agal-wood 165. a Agar-agar 793, 877, 1889. b Agaric blanc officinal 1644, d Agaric, Bug or Fly 90. a ' Agaric, Larch 1644, d Agaric, Male 1644, a. Agaric, mouche 90. a Agaric, Oak 1644. a Agaric, Purging 1644. d Agaric, Surgeon’s 1644. a Agaric, White 1644. d *Agaricus 90, 1278 *A gassizia 855, 865 *Agathotes 1933 *Agati 1838 Agave, Virginian 56, d Ageratum 57, a Aggur 165. a Agnus scythicus 492. a Agouman 1585. b AGRIMONY 59 Agrimony, Bastard 802. c Agrimony, Dutch 802, c Agrimony, Hemp 802. c. Aare: Water 263. f, i, 2, ec +Agrimony, Wild 1658. a Agriot 1668. g Agripaume 1165. a *Agrostemma 1236 Agstein 1600. a Ague bark 1681.2 Ague-grass 68. a Ague-root 68. a Ague-tree 1788. a Ague-weed 802, i, 882. f Ahuaca 1546. ¢ Aigrimoine 59. a Ail 76. e Ailantus 62 Aipi 1276. c Air-plant 321. a Airelle myrtille 2075. a Airif 863 Aise-weed 48. a Ait-skeiters 135. a Aiten (Aitnach) 1099, b ‘Aits 221. a Ajava 1690. a Ajenjos 187. b Ajone 2056. a Ajowan (Ajouan) 1690. a Ajuapar 1029. a Ak 354, a Akazga 1923. h *Akea (Akeesia) 272 Akee tree 272. a Al tree 1359. a Alamo (Texas) 1652. e Alant 1062. a *Alaternus 1721. a Alcanna (Alkhanna) 1148. a *Alcea 87 : Alcea aegyptiaca 1003. a Alchemille 65. b Aleornoco 296. a Alcornoque 66. a, 296. a,334.a Alecornoque, European 1704.8 *Aldama 1811 Aldbecre 1732. e ALDER (Aller) 79 Alder, Berry 1721. Alder, Black 1053. +Alder, Black 1721. g, 2095. k Alder, Dwarf 840. a, 1721. ¢ Alder, False 1053. h Alder, Spiked 518. a tAlder, Spotted 944, a Alder, Striped 1053. h yAlder, Striped 944, a Alder Tag. 79. b / tAlder, Tag 261. h Alder, White 2139. a, 1058. h ae NUMBERS REFER TO ‘PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Alder, Wild 48. a Alder, Witch 840. a Alderne 1771. e Alecost (Alecoast) 482. a Alehoof 894. a Alerce 349. a Alerse 1192, a Alétris farineux 68. a *Aleurites’606 Alexander, Stinking 1831. f Alexander’s-foot 115. b Alexanders 1866. a Alexanders, Golden 1979. a, 2154, a Alexanders, Purple 1979. a Alfalfa 1291, d Alfilaria 777. a *Alga 2158 Algaroba 1664. a *Algarobia 1664 ee bark 1664. b *Algarroba 1036. a Algarroba de Valencia 432. 2 Aligopane (Alicompane) 1162. a Alisander( Alshinder )1866. a Alisier 1875. ¢ *Alisma 727, 1762 Alison, White 167. a Alk 1605. e Alkali-grass 2159. a ALKANET 124 Alkanet, American 1214 b Alkanet, Bastard 1214. a Alkanet, Dyer’s 73. a Alkanna (spuria) 73. a Alkannawurzel 73. a Alkékenge coqueret 1578. a *Alkekengi 1578 All-bone 83. b All-good 464. d All-heal 1328. b, 2077. e All-heal, Clown’s 1900. a All-seed 1637, a, 1641. d es emake (vine) . a Alleluia 881. a, 1475. a Allermannsharnisch 76. i, 891. b Allerman’s-root 76. i. Alliaire commune 74. a Allicampane 1062. a Alligator-Apple 140. ¢ Alligator-bonnets 1420. e Alligator-tree 1210. b *Allionia 2116 Allison, Sweet 1112. a *Allium 1366 Allium, U. 8S. P. 76. e Allolida 1475. a Allom (Alme, Aum) 2058. d Allspice 1594. b Allspice, Carolina 332. b FAllspice, Florida 332. b Allspice, Wild 250. a *Almond 111, a Almond, Earth 635. b Almond, Country 322. ¢ Almond, Cutting 1513. b Almond, Ground 645. b Almond, Java 365, a Almond, Malabar 322. ¢ Almond, Wild 298. a Almug 1776. a Aloe, American 56. a Aloe Barbadense 80. m Aloe Capense 80.b Aloe, False 56, esp. d Aloe Sucotrin 80. j Aloe-root 68, a Aloe-wood 165. a ALOES, varieties 80 Aloés du Cap, etc. 80. b, etc Aloes, of Scripture 165. a *Aloexylum 165 Alophia (not Alophila) 81 *Aloysia 1209 Alpenrose, Sibirische 1728.b ra eee ring 1893. b *Alpinia 742 Alpist 1559. b Airaunwurzel 1274. a Alsei 187. b *Alsidium 1889 Alsike 2032. h Alstonia bark 85. a Althaea, Shrubby 1003. L Althée 87. a Alum-bloom 883. a Alum-root 1000, 883. a Aluyne 187. b Alva marina 2158. a Alvarillo del campo 2158. a Alveloz milk 803. e *Alyssum 1112 Alyssum, Sweet 1112. a Alyssum, Yellow 89. a Amadou 1644. d Amandes améres 111. a Amandes de terre 635. b Amandes douces 111. a Amandier 111. a Amara-dulcis 1867. j Amaraci herba 1456. c Amaranth 91 *Amaranthus 24 *Amaryllis 2150 Ambaree 1003. b Amber 1043. b, 1210. b Amber (Ambra) 1600. a Amberkraut 1973. ¢ Ainber-seed 1003. a *Amblogyne 91 Ambra liquida 1210. b. Ambre jaune 1600. a Ambretie (Ambretta) 1003.a Ambroise de Mexique 464. b *Ambrosia 854 Ambrosia 464, b Ambrose 464. e Ambrose (Ambroise) 1975. f *Amellus 488, 770 American-joy 1514. a *A mianthium 479, 2159 *Ammannia 1745 *Ammi 1686, 1690 Ammi officinal 1690. a *Ammobium 968. d Ammoniac, African 828. i Ammoniac plant 697. a Ammoniak-gummi 697. a Amogeton 164 Amole 471. a, 2144. c, ete Amome en grappes 101. b Amomi semen (fructus) 1594. *Amomis 1594 *Amomum 619, 742, 2152 *Ampelopsis 1514 *Ampelosycios 106 *Amphicarpa 823 Amy-root 160. b Amygdala 111. a Amylum Manihot 1276. b 409 Amylum marantae 1277. a *Amyris 550, 1042, 1666 Anacahuita 2085. b *Anacalais 1818 Anacardien, Westindische 4 - | *Anacardium 1829 *Anacharis 1566 Ananas 119. a *Ananassa 119 *A nantherix 196 Anaqua 734 *Anchusa 73 Anchusa, American 1214. b *Ancistrocarphus 1926 *Ancistrum 8 Anda (Andicus) 1095 Anda Assu 1095. a *Andira 827, 2110 Andira (bark) 2110. b, ¢ Andiroba tree 378. a Andorn, Schwarzer 230. a Andorn, Weisser 1281. a Andornkraut 1281. a *Andromeda 397, 454, 1189, 1477, 1576, 1592, 2139, 2149 Andromeda, Lyons’ 2139. a Andromeda, Privet 2139. a *Andropogon 1876 *Androsaemum 1043 Andurion 802. ¢ *Anelasma 5 ANEMONE, species 133 *Anemone 981, 1693, 1940 Anemone des bois 133. g Anemone, Meadow-rue 1940. a “Anemone, Prairie 1693. a Anemone pulsatille 1693. b Anemone sylvie 133. g. *Anemonella 1940 *Anemonopsis 1023 : *Anemopsis 1023 Anet 134. a Anethi fructus 134 a *Anethum 839 Anethum ursinum 1323. a Anette 134. a Aneys (Anny) 1595. a ANGELICA, species 135 *Angelica 530, 828 Angelica, Sweet 1378. a Angelica tree 170. f, 2136. ¢ Angelico 1193. a Angélique officinale 135, a Angelim amargoso 2110. a Angelim dolce 2110. d, e, f Angelim seeds 2110. d, e, f Angelin amarzogo 2110. a Angel’s-eyes 1022. a, 2094. d Angleberry 1141. d Angle-pod 2101 Angola-weed 1739. b *Angostura 621 Angostura, Brazilian 789. a Angostura, False 1923.d Angustura 621, a Angusture vraie 621. a *Anhalonium 1224 Anil 1059. a Anime, Gum 2086. a Anis (Anis vert) 1595. a Anis étoilé 1055. d Anis, Indischer 1055. d tAnise 1112. a Anise, Chinese 1055. a 410 GENERAL INDEX... Anise, Common 1595. a Apple, Indian 1625. a Archangel. White 1132. a Anise, of Scripture 134. a Apple, Jews 1867. k *Archangelica 135, 530 Anise, Pickaway 1681. a. Apple, Kei (Kai) 701. a *Arcnemora 1479 Anise, Sacred 1053. ¢ Apple, Love 1239. a Archil 1150. b, 1739. a. b Anise, Star 1055 Apple, Mad 1867. k *Arctiodracon 1247 Anise, Sweet 2115. b Apple, Malay 1086. b Arctostaphyli folia 176. b Anise-root 539 a, 2115. b Apple, Mammee 1273. a *Arctostaphylos 1253 Anise-tree 1055 Apple, Mandrake, 1274. a *Arctous 1263 Aniseed 1545. a Apple, Marmalade 1228. a *Ardisial0d5l ° Anisi fructus (semen) Apple, May 225. a, 16265. a Areca-nut Palm 177. a 1595. a Apple, Monkey 523 a *Areca 1454 *Anisocarpus 1259 . . Apple, Mountain 1083. b Arekanuss 177.a — Anissamen 1595. a Apple, Osage 2011. a *Arenaria 99, 1340, 2005 *Anisum 1595 Apple, Paradise 1239. a Arenaria rubra 2005. a Anisum stellatum 1055. d Apple, Prairie 208. 0, 1679. b Areng Palm 178. a Ankerwurzel 73. a - Apple, Punic 1634. a *Arethusa 1630 Annatto (Annota) 266..a Apple, Rose 1083. a Argans 1455. d *Anneslia 345 Apple, Seven-year +80. b Argentill 65. a Annyle 154. a Apple, Sorb 1875. e Argentina ( Argentine) *Anona (Annona) 198, 1352 Apple, Swamp 22). a 1658. a, b *Anoplanthus 1974 Apple, Tahiti 1898. a Arghel (Argel) 1868. a Ansérine 1658. a Apple, Thorn 592. g *A rgorothamnia 692 Ansérine puante 464. i Apple, Vegetable 613. a *Aria 1875 Ansérine sauvage 464. a Apple, Vi 1848. a Arillus myristicae 1377. b Ansérine vermifuge 464. ¢ . Apple, Vine 614. b *Aristolochia 5. a *Antennaria 121, 1164 Apple. White 157. a Aristolochia cava 372. ¢ *Anthemis 115. b Apple, Wild 1474 Aristolochia fabacea 372. ¢ Anthos, folia 1744. a Apple, Wood 826. a Aristolochia polyrrhiza 182.¢ Anthophylli 796, a Appie-of-Cain 172. b Aristolochia solida 372. a *Anthrostylidium 232 i Apple-of-Peru 649. b, c, *Armeniaca 1668. ¢ Anti-gopher plant 83. g 1579. a *Armeria 1903 Antimony, Vegetable 8t2.i Apple-of-Sodom 1867. a, i Armoise 187. 8 Antirrhini herba 1205. a Apple-pie 187. 8, 755. a *Armoracia 1742 *Antir: hinum 629, 740,1205, Apple-riennie 187. a, 1285. a Armstrong 1641. d 1287 Apple-root 803. a Arnberry 1750. h Antiscorbuticus cortex Apples of Hesperides 628. a Arnica 1959. a 706. a Apogeton 154 Arnica-bud 1163. a Ant’s-wood 1819. ¢ *Apogon 1835 Arnicae flores, ete 183. a An?’ s-wood 326 April-fool 1693. a Arnika 183. a *Anychia 1506 Apricose 1668. ¢ Arnique 183. a Anzeroot 1530. a Apricot 1468. c, d Arnotta 266. a Apalachenthee 1053, k Apricot, South American Aro 181. b Apalachinis folia 1053. k 1273, a *Aromia 9t *Apargia 1163 Apyum 1552. a Aron 184, a . *Aphalus 268 Aquacata '546. c Aron, dreiblattriger 181. b *Aphanes 65. a Ar-nut 559, a *Aronia 96 *Aphora 692 Ar-nut, Swine 1900. a Aronstab (Aronwurz) 189. a *Aphyllon 1459, 1974 *Arabis 37, 18€0, L908 Aronswurz, Indianische Apii fructus 158. a Arabisches Gummi 7. k, ete 181. b Apii hortensis semen 1552.a Arach (Areche) 218. f Arpent-weed 1824. c Apio silvestro 15s. a *Aralia 14193 Arroche 218. f _ Apiol 158. b Aralie a tige nue 1°0c Arrow-beam 801. ¢ *Apium 156, 1552, 1886 Aralie, dornige 170. f Arrow-grass 2033 Apium hortense 15%, b Aralie épineuse 170. f Arrow-head 1762 *Aplopappus 10, 485, 489,766, Aralie, nackte 170. ¢ Arrow-wood 1721. g, 2095.i,k 7i0, 957, 1074, 1076, 1257, Arar tree 34%. a Arrow-wood, Indian 576. f, 1443, 1661, 1697, 1911 Ararafriichte 1095. a 801. b *Aplotaxis 1791 Araroba (Arariba) 2110,a §Arrow-wood, Maple-leaved APPLE, species 1269 Araucaria 171 2095. h Apple, Adam’s 1357. b, _ Arbell 1652. a Arrowroot 1947. a . 1944. b _ Arbol de hierro 1433. a Arrowroot, Brazilian 1276. b Apple, Balsam 1347. a Arbol de léche 315. b Arrowroot, Burmuda Apple, Beef 1819. d Arbor vitae 1992. b 1277. a Apple, Bitter 505. b Arbousier 172. b Arrowroot, Canna 369, a, b Apple, Buffalo 208. b Arbre a pain }88. a Arrowroot, Chinese 1391. b Apple, Bull 1849. d Arbre a suif 1375 b Arrowroot, East Indian Apple, Carthagenian 1694. a Arbre de Judée 436. b 619. a Apple, Chess 1875. ¢ Arbre de vie 1992. b Arrowroot, Florida 2145. a Apple, Devil’s 1274. a, 1625.a Arbute tree 172. b Arrowroot, Portland 189..a Apple, Earth 968. b *Arbutus 1263 Arsenic, Wild 466. a, 1641. 1 Apple, Egg. 1857. k Arbutus, Trailing 754. a Arse-smart 1641. 1, 0 Apple, Elephant 826. a *Arceuthobium 1715 Arsmart, Codded 1057. ¢ Apple, Garnet 1694. a Archangel 135. a *Artanthe 12 Apple. Golden 47. a, 1898. b Archangel, Black 230. a Artemisa 187. s Apple, Hen 1875. ¢ Archangel, Green 1242. b,e *Artemisia 802 Apple, Hog 1625. a Archangel, Red 1132. ¢ Artemisiae herba 187. s Apple, Honeysuckle 225.2 Archangel, Sweet 1132. ¢ Arthanite 625. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, Arthritica radix 1660. d Artichoke, Bur 631. b Artichoke, Jerusalem 968. b Arum 189, a *Arum 181, 541, 1528 Arum, Arrow 1528 Arum (indicum) 181. b Arum, Spotted 189. a Arum, Three-leaved 181. b Arum, Water 345 Arundinaria 232. j, k Asa dulcis 1929, a, 1y78. b Asa Graya 193 Asafetida 828, a, b, f Asafoetida U.S P. 828. b Assai Palm 808. a Asarabacca 194, esp. f Asaret 194. a Asarum U.S. P. 194. a Asclépiade 195, 630. b Asclepiadis radix 630. b *Asclepias 17, 196, 364, 630, 924, 977, 1626, 2054 Asclepias, U.S P. 195. d ASH, species 845 Ash, Birter 1590. a Ash, Bitte1 801. b Ash, Black 15. b Ash, Blue 1945. a Ash, Flowering 469. a Ash, Ground 4s. a, 135..a, ¢ Ash, Hoop 422. a Ash, Maple 16. b Ash, Mountain 1875. a, d Ash, Mountain of Australia 790 a,u, bb Ash, Poison 1730. p *Ash, Poison 469. a *Ash, aioe Southern 170 Ash, Prickly, species 2136 Ash, Rim #22. a Ash, Sea, 170. f, 2136. e Ash, Spanish 1945. a Ash. Stinking 1631. a Ash, Sweet 148 c Ash, Trumpet 1964. a Ash, Wafer 1681. a Ash, Water 16. b Ash, White (herb) 48. a ftAsh, White 469 a, 1945. a Ash, Wild 1875 a, d Ash, Yellow 509. a Ash-of-Jerusa'em 1071..a, 1717. a Ash-weed 48. a Ashwort 1831. k Asiminier 198. a Askutasquash 614. b Asp, Quaking 1652. i, j Asp, White 1652. a Aspaghul seed I611. e Asparagus 199 Asparazus, Winter 1819. a ASPEN, species 162. a, i, j,k Asperge 199. a Aspérule 21. b Asphodel 1385. e Asphodel, Bastard 1. a Asphodel, Bog 1 Asphodel, False 2007. a Asphodel, Lancashire 1. a Asphodel, Scottish 2007. a Aspic 1145, b *Aspidium 712 Aspidium, U §. P. 712. b, c Aspidosperma, U. S. P.203.a *Asplenium 1814 Ass-ear 1937. a Ass’-foot 1602. i, j, 2053. a Assacu 10z¥. a Asses’ eyes 1365, a Asthma-weed 1217. b *Aster 299, 695, 768, 791, 1062, 1065, 1184, 1188, 1252, 1451, 1834, 2141 Aster, Golden 488 Aster, Heath 118t Aster, Mountain 1451 Aster, Rayless 299 Aster, Silver 488. a Aster, Stiff 1065, a Aster, Stokes’ 1916. a Aster, White 695 Aster, White-topped 1854 *Astragalus 169, 1017, 1464, 1556, 1574 Astrantiz radix 1058. a Astrology 16+1. e 411 Azalea, Alpine 462. a Azalea, Trailing 452. a Azaio 194, a *Azedarach 1299 Babies’-breath 131. a, 863, f,. 935. a Babies’-feet (Babies’-toes) 1638. c Babies’-slippers 1638. c Babington’s-curse 1566, a Baboot 7. a Bab’s-root 1679. e Babul (Babulah) 7. a . Babur 7. a Baby-eyes 1395. a Baccae domesticae 1721, d *Baccharis 1074, 1619 Bachbungen 2094. ¢ Bachelor’s-buttons 423, c, ad. Ltd wy} +Bachelor’s-buttons 174, a, b, 444. b, 1923. d Atalantia monophylla 1201.a Bachelor’s-buttons, White *Atamasco 2190 *Athamanta 1554 *Athanasia 1283 Athanasiz herba 1957. a *Atherosperma 1142 *Athrodactylis 1495 Atis 25. f Atocire 140. e *Atrema 264 *Atriplex 1931 *Atropa 1274, 1579 Atte 140. e Atticis radix 199. a Attich 1771. ¢ Attrappe-mouche 679. a Aubépine 592. a Aubergine 1867. k *Aubletia 780 Aucklangia 1791 *Audibertia 1709 Augentrost 804, a Auhuhu 590. b Auld-wive’s-tongues 1652. i Aulmoneys 133. g Aune 79 Aunée officinale 1062. a Aunt-Jerichos 135. esp. a Aunt-Mary’s tree 1053. a Aurantii cortex 306. c, d Auricula 1660. a Auricula Judae 814. a Aurin, Rother 783. a Aurone male 187. a Ausier (Auger) 1764. m,n, o Ave-zrace 1756. a AVENS, species 885 Avens, Mountain 708 Averil 1384, a Averin 1750. f Averoyne 187. a Avigato (Avicato) 1546. ¢ Avocado (Avocato) 1546. ¢ Avocatier 1546. ¢ Avoine 221. a Awa (Ava) 1320. b Awbel 1652. a Awlwort, Water 1930 Awts 221. a Ax-seed 477. ¢ | Ax-weed 48. a Axwort 577. ¢ ry fore 802. m *A zadirachta 1299 Azalea 22), 452 1236. Bachelor’s-buttons, Wild 1638. m Baclin 263. f Backache-root 1124 b Backwort 1937. a Bacon-weed 464. a *Bactyrilobium 409 Badekraut 119. a Badygyer’s-bane 25. g Badger-weed 1693. a Badiane 1055. d Badiani semen 1053, d Bael (Bhel, Bel), Indian 47. a *Bzeria 1140 Bag-leaves 1824. ¢ : Baguenaudier 445, a Bahama-grass 376. a Bahia powder 211. a Bahia-pulver 2ilvu. a Bai-mo 847. d Bairnwort 248. a Bajree 1531. a Baked-apple berry 1750. f *Balantium 669 Balata, Bastard 424. c Balata tree 1334. d Balausta(Balaustine) 1694.2 Balaustii flores 16y4. a Balbonac 1234. a Bald-eyebrow 145. b Balder-berb 91. d Balderbrae 14>, b Balders 145. b Baldrian 2v77. ¢ : Baldmony (Badmoney) 1323. a Baldawouey (Bawdmoney)} 882. *Baldwina (Baldwinia) 30 Bal!oon-vine 380. a *Ballota 1165 Ballota lanata 1165. b Ballote, Gemeine 230. a Ballotenkraut, Wolliges 1165. b Balm 132. a Balm, Abraham’s 2107. a Balm, American Bee 1348. a Balm, Basil 520. a Balm, Bastard 1303. a Balm, Bee or Blue 1302. a Balm, Calamint 520. b 412 Balm, Field 520. c, 894. a Balm, Garden 1302.a | Balm, Indian 2036. b Balm, Lemon 1302. a Balm, Low 1348, 1348. a Balm, Molucca 1346. a Balm, Mountain 772. a Balm, Patchouli 1631. a Balm, Red 1348. a Balm, Rose 1348. a Balm, Scarlet 1348. a Balm, Stiuking 960. a Balm, Sweet 418. c, 1302. a Balm, Yellow 1249. b Balm-of-Gilead 1652. b +Balm-of-Gilead 418, e,1302.¢ Balm-of-Gilead (Fir) 2. b Balm-of-Gilead (true) 550.e Balm-of-heaven 2059. a Balm-of-warrior’s-wound 1043. b Balmony 463. a Balsam, Canada 2. b Balsam, Field (Old-tield) 904, a Balsam, Garden 1057.b Balsam, Garden 2032. d alsam, Groundsel 1831. ¢ Balsam, Indischer 2008. a Balsam Kentish 1312. b Balsam, Peru 2008. a Balsam, She- 2. ¢ Balsam, Sweet 904. a Balsam, Tolu 2008. ¢ Balsam, White 904. a Balsam, Wild 1057. a, c, d Balsani-apple, Wild 1325. c, 724, a Balsam-flowers 1300. b Balsam of Fir 2. b Balsam-root 231 Balsam-tree 2, b, ec, 1605. a Balsai-vine 1347. a Balsam-weed 904. a,1057. a,d *Balsamea 550 Balsamina 1347. a *Balsamita 4&2. a Balsamite odorante 482. a Balsamkraut 4&2. a *Balsamodendron 550 Balsamum americanum 2008. ¢. Balsamum canadense 2. b Balsamum gileadense 550. e Balsamum indicum 2008. a Balsamum judiaeum 550. e Balsamum meceae 550. e Balsamum peruvianum 2008. a Balsamum tolutanum 2008. ¢ Balustier 1694. a Bamboo 232 Bamboo-brier 1865. 0 *Bambos (Bambus) 232 Bambuk butter 240. d BANANA 1367 Banana 2144. a anana, False 198. a Banana, Mexican 2144. c Band-plant 2100, a BANEBERRY, species 27 Banewort 219. a *Bankesia 491 Bannal 641, b Ban-weed 1831. f Banwort (Bennert) 248, a GENERAL INDEX. Banyan 831. c,d *Baobab 32 Baobab 32. esp. a *Baptisia 1985 Baptisie 234. b Baranham bark 1228. c Barba hispanica 2001. a Barbados-nut 618. a +Barbados-pride 35. a Barbaraune 251. e Barbatimao (Barbimao) 1925. a Barbeau 423. c BARBERRY 251. esp. € Barbotine 187. n Barcelona nut 579. ¢ Bardana (Bardane) 174. a,b Bardanae radix 174, a, b Bare-foot 974. a Barendillwurzel 1323. a Barenklaue 982. b Birentraube 176, f *Barkhausia 1862 Barlappkraut 1240. a BARLEY, varieties 1019 Barley-caustic, Indian 193.a Barmutterwurz 1190. a Barnacle-grass 2158. a Barrenwort, American 2082 *Bartonia 1309 *Bartsia 403, 1425 Bartsia, Red 1425. a Barwood 233. a Barwurzel 1323. a *Baryosma 236 +Basil 1111. b Basil, Common 14238. a Basil, Cow 2074. a Basil, Field, 520. a Basil, Stone 520. d Basil, Wild 520. d, 616. a, 1111. a Basilic 1423, a Basilienkraut 1423. a Basket Palm 580. a Bass 1809. a Bassora gum 1912. d Bass-tree 1999. b Basswood 1999. a,c, e Bast-tree 1999. a, b *Batatas 1066 Bath, White 2036. c Bathwort (Bath-flower) 2136. b, ¢ *Batis 1783 *Batschia 1214 Batter-dock 1548. a, 1657. a Battle-field flower 2102. f Bauchee seed 1679. a Baume blanc 550. e Baume de Canada 2. b Baume de Carthagéne 2008.¢ Baume de cheval 539. b Baume de la Mecque 550. e Baume de Perou noir 2008. a Baume de Sansonate 2008. a Baume de Tolu 2008. ¢ Baume vert 1308. j Baume San Salvador 2008. a Baume-coqg 482. a Bawchang seed 1679. a Bawdmoney 1323. s Bay, Bull 1262. b Bay, Cherry 1668, i. m Bay, Dwarf 644. b. ¢ Bay, Holly 911. a, 1262. f Bay, Loblolly 911. a Bay, North Carolina 1262. c Bay, Red 1546. a, 1262. f Bay, Rose 1403. a Bay, Rose (East Indian) 1946 b Bay, Swamp 1546. b Bay, Sweet 1144. a, 1262, f Bay, Tan 911. a Bay, White 1262, f, 1546. a | Bay-berry 1375. a,b, 1144. a Bay-berry. Jamaica 1594. a Bay-berry, Tallow 1375. b Bay-bush 1375. c Bay-laurel, California 2059. a Bay rum 1594. a Bay-tree, California 2059. a Bayeuru (Biacuru) 1202, b Bay6l 1594, a Bays, oil of 1144. a Bazzard flower 1312. b Bazzies 174. a, b Bdellium, East Indian 550. b, ¢ Bdellium, African 550. a Bead-ruby 2061. a Bead-tree 1299. b Bean, Black, 1121. a Bean, Black-eyed 2098. a Bean, Brazilian 1560. a Bean, Buffalo 208. b Bean, Butter 1560. b Bean, Calabar 1582, a Bean. Carolina 1560. b Bean, Castor 1735. a Bean, China 2098, a Bean, Common 1560. e Bean, Dwarf 1560. d Bean, Egyptian 1121, a, 1391. b Bean, Ignatius 1923. b Bean, Indian 406 Bean, Hyacinth 1121, a Bean, Kidney 1560. e Bean, Lima 1560. b Bean, Locust 432. a Bean, Malacca 1829. a Bean, Molucca 923. a Bean, Oily 1837. a Bean, Ordeal 1582. a Bean, Pale, 1560. e Bean, Pythagorean 1391. b Bean, Rattlesnake’s 1853,a,b Bean, Red 4, a Bean, Sacred 1391. b Bean, Screw 1664. c Bean, Sea 751. a Bean, Soy (Sele 900. a Bean, Sugar 1560. Bean-tree 406 Bean-weed 1599. a Bear 1019 BEARBERRY 176, esp, f Bearberry 1053. c, 1476. a Bearberry, Alpine 1263 Bearberry tree 1721. k Bear-bind 563. a, c, 1641. h Bear-corn 2089. b Bear-grass 2144, f, 1026. b Bear’s-bane 25. g Bear’s-bed 1649. b Bear’s-breech 15.a +Bear’s-breech 982. b . Bear’s-ear 1660. a Bear’s-foot 65. b, 974..a Bear’s-foot, Yellow 1642..a Bear’s-paw root 712, b | NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. 413 Beayr’s-thread 2144. f Bell-bind 563. a. ¢ Bear’s-weed 772. a Bell-bottle 1808. a Bear-tongue 521. a BELL-FLOWER 362 Bear-wood 1721. k Bell-flower 1385. a Bearwort 1323. a Bell-tlower, Red 1702. b Beard-grass 129 Bell-ragges 1742. ¢c Beard-tree 579. ¢ Bell-tree 1344, a Beast-bane 25. g Bells 166. a Beaumont-root 1171. a Belene 1041. b Beauty-of-the-night 1335. a Belladone 219. a Beaver-poison 495, b *Belladonna 92 Beaver-root 1420, a Belladonna 219. a Beaver-tree 1262. f Belladonna, Japanese 1817.a Beaver-wood 422. a Bellasombra tree 1585. a Beazor-nut 923. a, b *Belle de nuit 1335 Bebeeru (Beberu) 1390. c Belleric Myrobalans 322. d Bébéeru 1390. ¢ Bellware 2158. a Bec-de-grue tacheté 883. a +Bellwort 362. b Beccabunga 2094. c BELLWORT, species 2073 Bed-flower 863. i Bellyache-root 135. a Bedgery 714. a Bellyache-weed 1869. ¢ Bede-sedge (-segg) 1881 Ben, White 1851. b Bedeguar 1743. a Ben-nut (Behen) 1360 Bed’s-foot 520. d Bencdictae sylvestris, Rad BED-STRAW, Species 863 885. b Bedstraw, Shepherd’s 201. a Benedictenwurz 885. d Bee-bread 284, a, 2032. f Bengal-root 2152. a Bee-tree 1999. a,c Benjamin, Gum 1929. a Bee-weed 206. a, e Benjamin, Red 2036. b Bee’s-nest 651. a Benjamin, White 2036. a, ¢ BEECH, species 822. a Benjamin-bush 250. a Beech. Blue 390. a Benjoin 1929, a Beech, Dutch 1652. a Benne 1837. a Beech, Horse(Horst, Hurst) Bennet 1595, b ‘ a Bennet, American 885. e, f Beech, Seaside 816. a Bennet, Yellow 885. ¢ Beech, Water 390. a Bennut 1096. d fBeech, Water 1612. a Benoite 885. d Beech-drops 558. a,1170.a Benoite aquatique 885. b Beech-drops, Albany 1684.a Bent 350. a, 1809. a Beech-drops, Carolina 1357.a Bent-grass, Sea 382. a Beech-drops, False 1046.a *Benthamia 109 Beef-suet tree 1166. a *Benzanilla 1677 Beefsteak plant 1523. a, Benzoé (Benzoinum) 1929.a 1543. a Benzoelorber 250, a Beefwood 405, 1604. b *Benzoin. 1929 Beet 259. Benzoin, False 322. a Beet, Marsh 1202. ¢ Benzoin tree 1929. a Beet-radish 259. a Berberitze 251. e +Beet-root 91. e : Berbine 2091. f Beetle-bunge 1421. c Berce 982. b Beetle-weed 858 Bergamot 506. e. Beetrave (Beetraw) 259. a Bergamot 2038. a Beetrie 259. a Bergamot, Prairie 1348. ¢ Beewort 26. a Bergamot, Wild 1348, d +Befaria 246 *Bergera 449 gar-lice (Beggar’s-lice ilie 15 eee a, L137 IDOLS Benelli a BEGGAR-TICKS 263 Bergthee 870. b . Beggar ticks(Beggar’s-ticks) Bermuda-grass 376. a 59. b, 1137. b, 1294, a *Bermudiana 1861 in s+ Fiabe el EO Oe Bernhardinerkraut 525, a a : Bernstein 1600. a Beggar’s basket 1692. a > ‘ Medcev abuitons 174, rf p __ Berries, French 1721. h_ Beggar’s-needles 1796. a Berries, Persian 1721. i, j_ Beggary 850. a Berries, Turkish 1721. i, j Begoon 1867. k Berries, Yellow 1721. h *Behen 1851. b, 2093 Berry tree 1732. i Behen, Red 1202. ec *Bertholetia 257 Beifuss 187. s Bertram 115. b. 482. f Beinwell 1937. a Bertrambliithen, persische Bela 1089. d 482. b, ¢ Belae fructus 47. a Bertramgarbe 18. d *Belamcanda 879 Bertramskraut 18. d - Belder-root 1427. a Bertramwurzel, deutsche Bell, Roanoke 1314. a 115. a Bertramwurzel rémische 115. b Berufkraut, canadisches 1174. a Beschreikraut 1174. a weer a (Besenginster) 64 *Besenna 64 Besom (Busam) 350. a Besom 641. b Bessinge 2075. a Betel-leaves 460. a Betel-nut 177. a Betelnuss 177. a Bethroot 2036. b Betoine 260. a Betonie 260. a Betonica alba,2094. f Betony, Head 1523. a Betony, Paul’s 1242. a, ¢, 2094. f, g. Betony, Water 1820. a Betony, Wood 260. a, 708. a, 1242. c, 1523. a Bettarave 259. a Beulenbrand 2071. a Bevilacqua 424. a Bezoarwurzel 698. a, b Bezor 1660. a Bhang 370. a Bibernell 1595. b, 1774. ¢ Bibernell, Small 1774. ¢ Bibiru 1390. ¢ *Bichea 533 Bichy 533. a Bickbeere 2075. a Biddy’s-eyes 2102. f. *Bidens 1982 Bienensaug, Weisser 1132. a Big-bloom 1262. d Big-root 1325. a, b Big-thatch 1757. b Big-tree, California 1832. b Bigaradier 506. c *Bigelovia 476, 485, 489, 1074, _ 1443 Bigg 1v19 *Bignonia 406, 465, 878, 1082, 1519, 1964 Bija 1682. ¢ Bikh-root 25. e Bilberry 2075. e ¢Bilberry 96 Bilberry, Bear’s 176. f Bilberry, Bog 2075. o Bilberry, Red 2075. p Bilimbi (Bilimbing) 222. a- Biller 1427. a Billy-Buttons 174. a, b Bilsenkraut 1041. b Bilsted 1210. b Bind 620 BIND-WEED, species 563 Bindweed, Black 1641. h, 1956. a Bindweed, Blackbird 1641. h Bindweed, Blue 1867. j Bindweed,Climbing or Corn 1641. h Bindweed, Ivy 1641. h Bindweed, Knot 1641. h Bindweed, Rough 1865. a Bind-with 514. Bindwood 961. a Bine 1028. a Bingelkraut 1312 414 Bipennula 1774. b BIRCH, species 261 Birch, Bog 1721. b Birch, Jamaica 330. a Birch, Running 468. a Birch, West Indian 330. a Bird-bell 1381. b Bird-grass (Bird-weed) 1641. d Bird-in-the-bush 180. b Bird-lime 1226. a, 2105. a Bird-on-the-wing 1638. c Bird-seed 1559. b, 303. b, 1831. g Bird-seed Plantain 1611. ¢c Bird’s-bread 1824. a Bird’s-eye 44. b, c, 116. a, 1227. a, 1761. a, 2094. d,e Bird’s nest, Edible 877. a Bird’s-nest, Giant 1684. a Bird’s-nest plant 651. a, 1356. a Bird’s-nest, (Yellow) 1046. a Bird’s-tongue 116. a, 1641. d Birke 261. a Birnbaum 1699. a- *Birnbaumia 137 Birsthee 627 Birthroot (Birthwort) 2036 b, c. Birthwort 182. a, c,e Birthwort, Round 372. ¢ Birthwort, Solid 372. a Bisamgiinsel 63. b Bisamk6rner 1103. a Biscuit-leaves 1865. o Biscuits 1787. a Bish (Bishma) 25, e Bishma (Bikhma) 25. h Bishop’s-cap 1337. a Bishop’s-leaves 1820. a Bishop’s-weed 98, 48 a +Bishop’s-weed 1308. c Bishop-weed, Mock 1686. a Bishop’s-wig 167. a Bishop’s-wort 260. a, 1411. a Bisinna 64. a Bismalva 87. a Bissum 1081. a Bistort (Bistorte) 1641. e Bistort, Alpine 1641. g Bistort, Virginia 1641. f *Bistorta 1641 Bissy-bissy 533. a Bite-tongue 1641. h Bitter-bark 85. a, 1597. a Bitter-bloom 1758. a Bitter-bush 1704. z Bitter-buttons 1957. a Bitter-herb 463. a, 783. a Bitter-king 1878. a Bitter-nut 1004, c, f Bitter-nut, Water 1004. b Bitter-root 160. a, b, 882. b, 1191. a, 1325. a, b Bitter-weed 95. a, 1174. a, 1869. ¢ Bitter-wood 2140. b Bitter-wood, Jamaica 1590.a Bitter-wood tree 1590. a Bitter-worm 1310. a Bitterdistel 525. a Bitterholz 1703. a Bitterkraut 1591. b Bittersiiss 1867. j Bittersweet 1867. j +Bittersweet 466. b GENERAL INDEX. Bittersweet , Climbing 421. a Bittersweet, False 421. a Bittersweet, Shrubby 421. a Bitterwort 882. b Biwa (Bywa) 769. a Black-bide (Black-boyd) 0. g Black-boy tree 2133. a Black-bur 885. c Black-cap 1750. i, 2055. a Black-choke 1668. p Black-drink, Indian 1053. k Black-eyed Susan 4. a, 1003. Black-flower 1298. a Black-grass 1291. ¢ Black-heart 1641. n, 2075. e Black-Jack 1704. y, aa Black-jacks 1611. b Black-lady 1652. 1 Black-root 1171. a Black-root, Indian 1683. a Black-seed 1291. ¢ Black-soap 423. d Black-tang 849. b Black-thorn 1668. q Black-wood 7. i, 95. a, 223.a Blackamoor 2055, a BLACKBERRY, species 1750! ie 1668. q, 1752. e, 0 Blackberry-token 1750. e Blacksnaps 873. d Blackwort 1937. a Bladder-herb 1578. a BLADDER-NUT, species 1902 Bladder-nut 1605. f Bladder-pod 1180, 1217. b, Bladder-snout 2072. a, ete Bladder-wrack 849. b BLADDERWORT, species 2072 *Bladhia 1051 Blaeberry 2075. a Blaewort 362. b Blankenheimer Thee 861. b Blanket-flower 855 Blanket -leaf 2090. b Rlasenkirschen 1578. a Blasentang 849. b *Blattaria 2090 Blaubeere 2075. a Blauholz 940. a Blaver 362. b, 423. c, 1497. b Blawort 423. c BLAZING-STAR, species 1124 Blazing-star 68. a, 455 Blé cornu 512. a Blé noir 821. a Bleaberry 2075. 0 Bleeding-heart 262. c, d Bleeding-nun 625. a Bleiwurz 1620. a *Blepharipappus 1688 Blessed herb 885. d Blimbing 222. a Blind-buff (Blind-hairy ) Blind-eyes 1497, ¢ Blind-man’s-ball 1238. a Blind-weed 329. a . Blinks 1358. a Blister-flower 1711. ¢ Blister-weed 1711. c Blisterwort 1711. k Blite 696, 464. d *Blitum 1353 Blite, Strawberry 273 Blitz-pulver 1240. a Block-wood 940. a Blood-berry 1737.a Blood-flower 939, 195. a Blood-leaf 1067. a Blood-staunch 1174, a Blood-strange 1374. a Blood-weed 195. a Blood-wood 790. f, dd,1127.b Bloodroot 1773. a TBlood-root 1658. g Bloodwort 18. a, 783. a, 1753. h, 1771. c, 1774. ¢ Bloodwort, Burnet 1774. b Bloodwort, Mouse 1005. f Bloodwort, (Striped)1005. i Bloody-butcher 1450. d Bloody-man’s-finger 189. a Bloody-warrior 4.3. a, etc Bloom-fell 1227. a Blooming-down 664, b Blooming-Sally 456, a Blow-ball 1959. a ? Blue-blauers 362. b Blue-blow 423. c Blue-bonnets (Blue-caps) 423. ¢ Blue-bottle 423, 362. b Blue-buttons 1794, a Blue-caps 1794. a Blue-curl 1667. a Blue-eurls 2030. a Blue-devil 206. e Blue-devils 731. a Blue-eye 2094. d Blue-eyed grass 1022. a Blue-eyed Mary 538. a,1861.a pone eee 1861. a lue-hearts 323 Blue-pipe 1945. a Blue-sailors 494. b Blue-starry 166. b Blue-stem 731. a Blue-tangle 873. ¢ Blue-tops 423. d Blue-weed 731. a Bluebell 362. b, 1808. a +Bluebell 166. b, 1314. a, 1368. a, 1634. c, 2094. a | Bluebell vine 514. a Blueberry 2075. c, d, h, i, j Blueberry, Black 2075. k,l Blueberry, Bog 2075. a Blueberry-root 413. a Bluet 423. ¢ Bluets 1022, 1429 Blutblume 183. a Blutkraut 1773. a Blutkraut, Gelbes 1032. a Blutwurzel 1658. g, 1773. a Bo-tree 831. e Bobbins 189. a Bocage, Grand 1595. b Bockshornsamen 2034, a Bockstorehschnabel 883. b Bodark (Bowdark) 2011. a *Boebera 720 Bogwort 1476. b Bohnenbaum 641.2 | Bohnenkraut 1789. a Bois amer de Surinam 1703.a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Bois blane 1854. a Bois d’are 2011. a Bois de Campéche 940. a Bois de gayac 919. a, b Bois de sang 740. a Bois d’ Inde 940, a Bois doux 902. b Bois enivrant 1052. a Bois gentil 644. c *Boldea (Boldoa) 280 Bolder 1809. a Boldo (Boldu) 280.a *Boldus 280 Bole-weed 423. d *Boletus 1644 Boletus cervinus 737. a Bolewort 1686. a *Bolivaria 1307 Bolle 76. ¢ Bolletrie 1228. a, 1334. d *Boltonia 667 Bomariskie 1439. a *Bombax 420 Bombyx 912. ¢ Bon Henri 464. d *Bonamia 308 Bonaparte’s-crown 803. b Bonduc nuts 923. a Bone-flower (Bonewort) 248. a Bone-tree 1771. e BONESET, species 802 +Boneset "1937. a Boneset, Climbing 2119. a Boneset, False 1117 Bongay 50. b Bonnet de prétre 801. ¢ Bonnets 1420. a Bonny-bird-een 379. ¢c, 1660. ¢ eiity-daanis 218. f *Bonplandia 621 Boor-tree (Bore-tree) 1771.e *Boothia 1614 Boots 2095. e Boots-and-shoes 166. b Borecole 303. e Borage (Burrage) 284. a Borasch (Boretsch) 284. a Botan 1488. a Botany-bay resin 2133. b *Botraphis 497 *Botryopsis 475 Bottle-brush 758. a, 1008, a Bottle-grass 2032. ¢ Bottle-tree 655 Bouillon blane 2090. b . Bouleau 261 a Bouncing-Bet 1781. a Boundou 1923. h Bountry(Boutry) 1771. e Bourdaine 1721. g Bourgéne 1721. g Bourrache 284. a Bourse 4 pasteur 329. a Boussena 64. a Bouton rouge 436. a Boutons d’argent 1711. b Bovist 1238. a *Bovista 1238 Bow-bells 133. g ._ Bow-wood, North American 2011. a Bowel-hive 65. a Bowkail 303. e Bowman’s-root 1171. a, 1655. a, b, 803. a +Bowman’s root 160. b, 1229. a 7Box 428. a Box, Flowering 2075. p Box, Mountain 176, f Box, Prickly 1755. a Box, Wild Running 1366. a Box-berry 870. b, 1336. a Box-tree 333. a Box-tree, Red 790. v Boxwood 333 a, 96. c, 576. f +Box-wood 1797. a *Boykinia 1745, 1986 Boys-and-girls 262. b Boy’s-love 187. a *Brabyla 298 Bracelet wood 1085. a Brachdistel 781. b Brachkraut 1775. a *Brachyris 107 *Brachystemum 1111 Bracken, Sweet 1378. a *Bradburya 1286 Bragge 1220. a *Brahea 1833 Brake, Backache 204. b Brake, Buckhorn 1471. b Brake, Cliff 1527. a Brake, Flowering 1471. b Brake, Knotty 712. b Brake, Lady 1471. b Brake, Rock 610 +Brake, Rock 1643. a Brake, Royal 1471. b Brake, Swamp 1471. 2 Brake, Sweet 712. b Bramble, Blue 1750. e Bramble, Common 1750. g Bramble, Horse 1743. a Bramble, Mountain 1750. f Brammle 1750. g Brane-ursine 15. a Brandy-bottles 1420. b Brank 821. a *Brassica 561, 685, 1856 Braunelle 1667. a Braunheil 1667. a Brawlins 176. f *Braya 1860 *Brayera 941 Brayerae flores 941. a Brazil nut 257, a Brazil powder 2110. a Brazilian beans 1390. a, b Brazilwood 338. b Bread, Indian 1238, b Bread-and-butter 1205. a, 1865. o Bread-and-cheese 1753. a Bread-nut 32. a, 315. a - Bread-root 1471. a Bread-root, Indian 1679. b,c Bread-root, Missouri 1679. b Bread-tree 188. a, 1069. a Bread-tree, Jamaiea 1457. a Breadfruit 188. a Breadfruit, Australian 868.b Breadfruit, Hottentot 749. a Breakstone 65. a, 1595. b, 1761. a Brodkeqummapantoian 423.¢ Bream 350. a Breast-weed 1790. a Brechnuss 1923. d Brechniisse, schwarze 618. a Brechwurzel 2062. a Tiveochen Gone 262. b 415 Breer, Sweet 1743. f Brennessel 2067. a Brick-timber 1054. a *Brickellia 537 Brickley 1990. a Bridal-wreath 1895. b Bride-sweet 2057. a Bride-weed 1205. a Bride’s-laces 1559. a Bridewort 1895. c, 2057, a Brier, Bird 1743. a Brier, Hip 1748. a, f Brier, Sensitive 1361. a, b Brier, Sweet 1743. f Brier, Wild 1743. a Brierwood 1865. o Bright-eyes 1022. a Brimble 1750. g Brimstonewort 1554. b *Brindonia. 867 Brinjal 1867. k Brinton-root 1171. a Briony, Black 1956. a Bristol-weed 1312. b Briswort 1937. a Brittle-thatch 1990. a Brittlestem 170. b *Brocchia 1855 Broccoli 303. e *Brodiza 1018, 1920, 2089 Brombeere 1750. g Brome-grass 313 *Bromelia 119 Brook-bean 1310. a Brook-fiower 1034. a Brook-tongue 495. ¢ Brooklime 2094. c, 1742. b Brooklime ‘American 2094.a Brookweed 1772 Broom 641 ¢+Broom 350. a Broom, Base 881. a Broom, Butcher’s 1755. a Broom, Clover 234. b Broom, Dyer’s 881. a Broom, Green 881. a, 641. BD Broom, Indigo 234. b Broom, Irish 641. b Broom, Prickly 2056. a Broom, Scotch 641. b Broom, Yellow 234. b Broom, Spanish 1882. a Broom, Sweet 1755. a Broom, Thorn 2056. a Broom-brush 1043. f Broom-rape 1170. a Broom-rape, American 558. a Broom-rape, Clover 1459. a Broom-rape Lesser 1459. a Broom-rape, Naked 1974. a Broom-rape, One-flowered 1974. a Broom-rape, Pale 1974. a Broom-weed, Sweet 1816. a - *Brossaea 870 Brotherwort 1308. h, 1994. a Broussa tea 2075, b Brown-Betty 1751. a Brown-bush 1513. a Brown-eyed-Susan 1751. a,c Brown-weed 926 Brownwort 1667. a, 18% ~ Broyant 1956. a *Brugmansia 649 Brumble (Brummel) i Brunnenkresse 1742. b 416 Bruise-root 892. a Bruisewort 248, a, 892. a, 1781, a, 1937. a Brum 863. i Bruseus 1755. a Brush 1713. a Brushes 423. ¢ Brussels Sprouts 303. e Brustbeere 2155. c Brustbeere, Schwarze 2085.2 *Bryanthus 1576 Bryone blanche 320. b *Bryonia 414, 613. d Bryony 320 Bryony, Black 320. a Bubby-bush 332. a *Bucco 236 *Buceras 2034 *Buchnera 2091 BUCHU, species 236 Buchweizen 821. a *Bucida 322 Buck-berry 2075. n Buck-berry, Seedy 2139. a Buck-bush 1936. a, ¢ Buck-grass 1240. a Buckbean 1310. a BUCKEYE, species 50 Buckeye, Spanish 2060. a Buckrams 76. h Buck’s-beard 2016. b Buck’s-horn 578, a, 1240. a BUCKTHORN, species 1721 +Buck-thorn 1668. q Buckthorn, Carolina 324. b Buckthorn, Jamaica 1743. | Buckthorn, Southern 324. b Buckthorn, Woolly 324. a BUCKWHEAT, Varieties 821 Buckwheat, Climbing 1641.h Buckwheat, False 1641. i,j,k Buckwheat tree 519, a Buckwheat, Wild 773 *Buda 2005 *Buettneria 332 Buffalo-berry 1166 Buffalo-bur 1867. v Buffalo-nut 1698. a Buffalo-weed 95. b Bug-seed (Bug-weed) 575 Bugbane (Bugwort) 497. a, 2089. b Bugbane, False 2018. a Bugle 63 Bugle, Bitter 1242. a, b Bugle (Codex) 63. c¢ Bugle, Sweet 1242. c BUGLEWEED, species 1242 Buglewort 1242 Bugloss 124. a 7Bugloss 1591. a Bugloss, Italian 124. b Bugloss, Sea 1623, a Bugloss, Small 124. b,1241.a Bugloss, Small Wild 200. a Bugloss, Spanish 73. a Bugloss, upright 63. d Bugloss, Viper’s 731 Bugloss, Wild 1241. a *Buglossa 1241 Buglosse 124. a, b Buhach 482. b, ¢ *Buinalis 152 Bukko (Bucco) 236 Bukkum 338. ¢ *Bulbocastanum 32, 559 *Bulbostylis 1670 GENERAL INDEX. Bull-berry 1166. a Bull-brier 1865. m Bull-flower 355. a Bull-hoof 1515. b Bull-nettle 1867. i Bull-nut 1004. a Bull-rattle 1236. a, 1851. b Bull-segg 2055. a Bull-thatch 1757. b Bull-weed 423. d Bullage 1668. qf Bulldog 151. a= Bullet tree 1334. d, 1719. a Bulletrie 1228. a, 1334. d Bullfeist 1238. a *Bulliarda 2000 Bullifer 1238. a Bullock’s-eye 1830. a Bullock’s-heart 140. d Bull’s-eye, English 1751. a Bull’s-foot 2053. a +Bulrush 2055. a Bulrush, California 1809. b Bulrush, Egyptian 635. f Bulrush, Great 1809. a Bulwand 187. 8 Bullwort 1686, a, 1820. a Bully tree 682, 1228. a,1334.d bar tree 20. a ully tree, Bastard 324. c Bumble 1809. a Bumblebee-root 2036. b Bumble-berry 1750. g *Bumelia 682, 1849 Bum-wood 1730. g Bunch-berry 576. ¢ Bunch-flower 1298. a Bunchelory 482. f Bund-weed 423. d *Bunias 340 *Bunium 392, 559 Bunk 494. b, 555. a Bunny-mouth 151. a Bunny-rabbit 151. a Bunt 2071 *Buphthalmum 231, 287 Buplever 327. a Bur 1028. a Bur (Bur-nut) 400. ¢ Bur-bark 2041. a Bur, Canadian 633. a,2131. ¢ Bur-chervil 148, a Bur-cucumber 1845. a Bur-flag 1881 Bur-fiower 1034. a Bur-head 727, 863. a Bur-Marigold 263. f, g, h Bur-reed 1881 Bur-seed 1137. a Bur-tree 1771. e BURDOCK, species 174 +Burdock, Lesser 2131. b Burdock, Prairie 1852. ¢ Burdock, Sea 2131. b Burgundy-hay 1291. d Burn-wood 637. a BURNET, species 1774 Burning-bush 801. a, b Burnt-weed 456, a *Burrielia 227 Bursa pastoris 329. a *Bursera 738 ee ee 801. b Burweed 2041, a, 2131. b Burweed, Thorny 2131. a Burweed Hedge-hog 2131. c Buryt 1781. a *Busbeckia 1766 Buschthee 627 Busenna 64. a Bush-tree 333. a Busserole 176. f Bustic 682 eae i tree 801. c, Butter, Midshipman’s 1546.c Butter, Vegetable 1546. c Butter-and-eggs 1205. a, 1385. d Butter-basket 2043. a, b Butter-bur 1548. a +Butter-bur 2053. a Butter-flower, Great 355. a Butter-jags 1227. a Butter-leaves 218. f Butter-print 6. a Butter-treeJ548. a Butter-tree, Afriean 240. d Butter-tree, Indian 240. a Butter-weed 6. a, 1125.-a, 1174. a, 1831, h et ae species 1711, Buttercup 1658. a Buttercup, Meadow 355. a Buttercup, Pilewort 830. a Buttercup, Running 1658. c Buttercup, South African 1108. a Buttercup, White 1505. a Butterfly-pea 301 Butterfly-weed 195. d Butternut 1096. a Butternut, Guiana 393 Butterwort 1599. a Button-ball 1612. a Button-bur 2131. b Button-bush 428. a Button-hole 1814. 2 Button-tree 557. a Button-weed 6. a, 423. d Buttonwood 557. a Buttonwood shrub 428. a Buttonwood tree 1612. a Buttonwood, White 1130. a Butua 5.b, 475. a *Byttneria 332 *Butyrospermum 240 Caapeba 1602. i, j Cabaret 194. f Cabbage 303. e Cabbage, Arkansas 1917. a Cabbage, Bargeman’s 303. b Cabbage, Meadow 1883. a Cabbage, Skunk 1883. a +Cabbage, Skunk 1787. b Cabbage, Swamp 1883. a Cabbage, Water 399. b. ¢ Cabbage-tree 2110. b, ¢ Cabbage-wood 420. a *Cacalia 1315, 1942, 2093 *Cacao 1984 Cacao cimarrona 985, a Cachibou (Chibou) 330. a Cachiman 140. b, e . Cachou de Pégu 7. b : Cacoon antidote 829. a *Cactus 1415, 1449 Cactus, Cochineal 1415. a Cactus, Russian 1767. ¢ Cacur 613. b Cade, Oil of 1099. ¢ Cadinum (Cadi) oleum 1099. ¢ NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, Cadlock 1712. a *Cenotus 1174 *Caesalpinia 923, 1009 Café 531. a Café chilen 396. i Café du Soudan 533. a Cafta 408. a Cahoun Palm 220. a Caille-lait blane 863. f Caille-lait jaune 863. i Cailleau 1135, a Cainana 467. b Cainca (Cahinca) 467 a Cainea brasiliensis 467. b *Cainito 486 Cajannepfeffer 377. b Cajeput tree 2059. a Cajuput (Cajeput) 339. esp.b Calabar-bean 1582. a Calabarbohne 1582. a Calabash 1126. a Calabash, Sweet 1515. j Calabash tree 32. a, 595. a Calabazilla 614. a *Caladium 541 *Calais 1818 Calais, False 1416 Calambae 165. a Calamint 520. b, c 7Calamint 1111. a Calamint, Water 1308. a *Calamintha 520 Calamus (Calmus) 26. a Calamus aromaticus 26. a Calamus, Sweet 129. a alancapatle de pueblo 918.¢ *Calandrina 1452 *Calcitrapa 423, 525 Calcitrippa 656. ¢ *Calea 1073 Calebasse 1126. a 7Calendula 1951. b Calf-kill 1103. a Calf-snout 151. a Calico-wood 1344. a Calisaya bark 498. a *Calla 1528, 2147 Calla, Wild 345. a *Callarocarpa 401 *Callicocca 2062 Callicoonah oil 378. b *Calligonum 218 *Calliopsis 571 *Calliprora 2039 Calomel, Vegétable 1625. a *Calonyction 1066 Calool tree 1912. b *Calopogon 1200 Caltha sativa 344. a Caltrop, Land 2024. b Caltrops 1102. 423. b 7Caltrops, Water 1657. b Calulu 1585. ¢ Calumba 1090. a Calumba, American 844. a Calumba, False 581. a *Calycanthus 332 *Calyptranthes 491, 796 *Calyptrocarpus 1941 *Calystegia 563 Camass, Death 2159. c Camass, Eastern 1701. a *Camassia 1701 Camata (Camatena) 1704. d Cambogia, U. S. P 867,a Cambric-leaf 1420. b *Camellia 1980 Camel’s-foot 636. a Camel’s-hay 129. d Camganiba 317. a Cami 18. a Camline 361. a *Cammarum 759 Cammock 1043. b, 1831. f fCammock 18. a, 1439. b, 1691. a CAMOMILE, species 145 Camomile, Blue 206. i Camomile, German 1285 — Purple or Red 44. Camomile, Roman 145. c Camomile, Spanish 115. b Camomile, Wild 482. f, 1285. a Camomille commune 1285. a Camomille d’ Allemagne 1285. a Camomille romaine 145. c Camomine 145 Camoroche 1658. a Camote 1066. a CAMOVYNE, species 145 Camovyne, Dog’s 1285. a *Campanula 994 Campanule 362. b Campeachy-wood 940. a Campescheholz 94. a Camphire 599. a Camphor 500. b Camphor, Borneo 710. a Camphor, Ngai 275. a Camphor plant 1619. a Camphor, Sumatra 710, a *Camphora 500. b Camphre 500. b CAMPION, species 1236 Campion, Bladder 1851. b Campion, Corn 61. a Campion, Moss 1851. ¢ Campion, Red Alpine 2104.a Campion, Snowy 1851. d Campion, Western White 1851. d Camwood 233, a Can-hoop 1053. j Canada-pest 807. a Canada-root 195. d Canaigre 1753. f Canary-bird flower 2044. b Canary-grass 1559. a, b Canary-vine 42. a Canary-weed 1150. b Cancer-dreps 1170. a Cancer-root 558. a, 1170. a, 1974. a Cancer-root,Clustered1974, b Cancer-root, Yellow 1974. b Cancer-weed 1381. a Cancerillo 195. a Cancerwort 740. a, b Canchalagua 783. b “co, d Candle-berry 1375. i Candle-tree 406. a Candle-wick 2055. a, 2090. b Candle-wood 112, 841 Candlenut 69, a CANDY-TUFT 1049 Cane, Maiden 1876. a Cane, Spanish 192, a Cane, Sugar 1759. a Cane, Sweet 26. a Cane-apple 172. b 417 Canebrake 191. a *Canella 499 Canella de Cheiro 1424 a Canella, False 499 Canella, Jamaica 499. b Canella, Magellan 706. 2 Canella, substitute 89. b Canella, White or Wild 368. a Canelle blanche 368. a Canelle de Ceylan 500. a Canella de China 500. a Canelle de Saigon 500. h Caninana 467. b Canker 1497. c Cankerblooms 1743. a Canker-root 567. b, 740. a, 1202. a Canker-weed 1381. ¢ Canker-weed, White 1381. a Cankerwort 1959. a Canna-down 774. a Cannabis, Indian 370. a Cannabis Indica 370. a Cannastarke 369. a Canne de Provence 192. 3 Canne-wood 1211. a Cantaloupe (Cantaleup) ;: 613. a Canterbury bells 362. c, e, 2 *Cantua 888 Caoutchouc ,Cautschuc) 1001, 1133. 2, 2063. a, b Caoutchoue vine 2063. a Cap-mint 520. b Cape-weed 1739. a Caper, Bean 2160. a Caper bush 374. c, 803. g. Caper, Wild 803. g {Capers 355. a Capillaire de Montpelier 40. a Capillaire du Canada 40. b Capivi 555. a Capon’s-feather 166. b Capon’s-tail 166. b *Capraria 556, 1064 Caprier 374. ¢ *Caprifolium 1222 *Capsella 329, 1030 Capsellae herba 329. a Capsicum, Star 1867. t Capsique 377. a Capthee 627 Caramba (Carambola) 222. b Caranna tree 1666. a Carapa (Carap or Crab) oil 378. a Caraway 392. b Caraway, Black 1411. b Caraway, Wild 148. c, 1315. a, 1942. a Carberry 1732. i *Cardamindum 2044 *Cardamine 167, 660, 1149 CARDAMOM (Cardamome) 101, 742 +Cardamom 101 *Cardamomum 742 Cardamomum majus 101. e- Cardamomum, U. 8, P 742.a. Cardamom, Wild 2136, d - Cardenbenedict 525. a *Cardiaca 1165 Cardiacke 74. a Cardiaire 1165, a Cardinal, Blue 1217. ¢ 418 Cardinal, Red 1217. a Cardinal-flower 1217. a *Cardiocarpus 1878 *Cardiophora 1878 Cardoon 631. a Cardopatia 384. a Cardui marie semen 1280.a Cardus, Blessed, etc, 525. a *Carduus 1280 Carduus benedictus 525. a Careless 91. d ‘ Caribbee (Caribaean) bark 816. a,c Caricae fructus 831. a Caricis rhizoma 382.a Carlin Heather 765. ¢ Carline (Carlina) 384. a Carlock (Carlick) 303. a Carmendik 391. under a Carnation 664. a Carnauba wax 566. a Carob tree 432. a Caroba 265. c, 1082. a, b, ¢ Caroba 1880 arolina bark 1597. a Carony bark 621. a Carotte 651. a Caroube (Carouge) 482. a Carpenter-herb 63. ¢ Carpenter’s-grass 18. a Carpenter’s-square 1820. b,¢ Carpet-weed 1345. a *Carphephorus 244, 11€9 *Carpinus 1472 *Carpopagon 1365 Carragaheen 477. a Carrageen (Carigeen) 477. a Carrion-flower 1865. d Carrot 651. a Carrot, Candia 212. a Carrot, Cretan 212. a Carrot, Deadly 1978. a Carrot-weed 95. a Carsons 1742. b Carthagena bark 498. b ~ Carthama 391, a *Carum 158, 211, 559, 1552, 1690 Carum, U.S. P. 392. b Carvies 392. b *Carya 1004 Caryophyllatae aquosae rad. 885. b Caryophyllatae rad. 885. d Caryophyllati cortex 671. a *Caryophyllus 795 Caryophyllus, U. S. P 796. a *Caryotaxus 2050 Cascara amarga 1961. b Cascara Sagrada 1721. k, | Cascarilla (Cascarille) 606. b Case-weed (Casse-weed ) 329. a Cashaw 1664. a Casheuttie 7. b Cashes 555. a Cashew, West Indian 114. a Cashew-nut, Oriental 1829.a Cashoo 7. b Cashunuss 114, a Cassabully 235. a Cassada 682 Cassadong 1145. c *Cassandra 454 Cassava 1276. b, ¢ Cassavastiirke 1276. b Casse en batons 409. b GENERAL INDEX. Casse officinale 409. b Casse-diable 1043. b Casse-lunette 423. c Cassena 1053. k Cassia 500. a, c, g. h *Cassia 409 Cassia caryophyllata 674.a Cassia, Horse 409. a Cassia buds 500. f Cassia leaves 500. g Cassia lignea 500. a Cassia, Purging 40& b Cassia, Stinking 396. i Cassia-flower 7. d Cassis 1732. e Cassie 7. da *Cassumunar 2152 *Cassuvium 114 Castana equina 50. b Castana-nut 257. a *Castanea 401 Castanhiero de Para 257. a Cast-me-down i145. ¢ Castor-oil plant 1735. a Cat 408. a Cat tree 801. ¢ Cat-berry 1054. a, 1732. i Cat-brier 1865. 0 Cat-gut 590. d Cat-in-clover 1227. a Cat-locks 774. a Cat-o-nine-tails 2055. a Cat-pea 2096. c Cat-posy 248. a Cat-tail 2055 Cat-whin 1743. a Cat-whistles 758. ¢ Cataire (Chataire) 1399. a Catalpa tree 406 *Catappa 322 Catapuce 803. g Catarrh-root, East India 82. b Catawba tree 406 CATCHFLY, species 1851 yCatchfly 151. a,16° a Catchweed 200. a, 863. a, b Catechu 7. b,1 Catechu, Pale 1473. a Catechu nigrum 7, b Catechu 177. a Cateputia minor 803. g¢ Caterpillars 1373. a *Catha 1200 Catmint 1399. a Catnep (Catnip) 1399. a Catrup (Cat’s-wort) 1399. a Cats-claw 7. f, 1608. e Cat’s-claws 149. a Cat’s-ear 144. a, 1045 Cat’s-eye 2094, d,e Cat’s-faces 2102. f Cat’s-foot (Cat’s-paws)144.a, 194, a, 894. a Cat’s-milk 803. d Cat’s-tail 91. a,'758. a, 1008.a Cat’s-tail, Blue 731. a Cat’s-tail 774. a, 1566. a Cauliflower 303. e Céanothe 415 *Ceanothus 43, 544 Cebadilla 193. a Cebu balsam 1498. a Cedar, Alaska 453 Cedar, Australian Red 417.b Cedar, Barbadoes 417. a Cedar, Bastard 1192. a, 1299, b, 1832. a, 1879. a Cedar, Berry-bearing 109y.c Cedar, Canoe 1992. a Cedar, Carolina 1099. e Cedar, Feather-leaf 1992. b Cedar, Ground 1026: b, 1240. b Cedar, Havana 417. a Cedar, Incense 1192. a Cedar, Indian 1472. a Cedar, Jamaica Red 417. a Cedar of Lebanon 419 Cedar, Oregon Red 1832. a Cedar, Oregon White 1992.a Cedar, Pencil 1099. a +Cedar, Pencil 1099. e Cedar, Pacific Red 1932. a Cedar, Port Oxford 453 Cedar, Post 453. a, 1192. a Cedar, Prickly 1099. ¢ Cedar, Red 1099. e Cedar, Red 1879. a Cedar, Singapore 417. b Cedar, Spanish 417. a, 1099.¢ Cedar, Stinking 2050. b Cedar, Swamp 453. a Cedar, Sweet-scented 417. a Cedar, Virginian 1099. e Cedar, Washington 1832. b Cedar, West Indian 417. a Cedar, tte 453, 1192. a, 1992, tCedar, White 1299. b Cedar-wood oil 417. a ee ot oe Cedrate) 506. *Cedrela, 1934 Cedron 1853. a, b Cédron, Cotylédon de 1853. a, b 7 Cedronbohne 1853. a, b *Cedronella 1292 *Cedrus 417, 1934 7Celandine 1976. d Celandine, Brook 1057. d Ceiandine, Garden 462 Celandine, Greater 462, a Celandine, Lesser 830. a Celandine, Sea 892. a Celandine, Wild 1057, a, d Celaster (Celastre) 421. a *Celastrus 408 Celeriac 158. a Celery 158. a Celery, Water 1711. k,2081. a Celery, Wild 1866. a, 2081. a 7{Celery-seed 1753. g Celine 1302. a Celtis 2019 Cembra nut 1601. a Cenizo 218. a *Oentaurea 525 Centaurée Americaine 1758. a Centaurée, Petite 783. a *Centaurella 238 *Centauridium 2130 Centaurium minus 783. a Centaury 423. d, ‘783, 1638. d Centaury, American 1758, a Centaury, Corn 423. c eraser Pa ae 9 © 844, a, 638. Centifolienrose 1743, b- Centinode 1641. d *Centrosema 304 - NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. *Centrospermum 14 Century plant 56. a *Cephielis 2062 *Cephalina 1784 *Cephalophora 1589 *Cephalostachyum 282. | *Ceramium 1889 *Cerastium 83, 1341 *Cerasus 1668 *Cerbera 1958, 1988 Cerefolii herba 148. b *Cerefolium 148 Cereus, Night-blooming 438. a Cerfeuil 148. b Cérisier 1668, e, g, p Ceroline 1057. a, d Cervaria alba 1139. a *Cervispina 1721 Cess, Sweet 1378. a Cevadilla 193. a Cévadille 193. a Chadlock 303. a *Chenactis 1460 *Cheenobolus 1683 *Chaerophyllum 148 *Chaetopappa 691 Chafe-weed 886. a, 904. a, b Chati-seed 1807 Chaff-weed 426. a, 904 Chagual gum 1695. a Chain-fern 2126 *Chairomyces 2047. e Chalice-flower 1385. a *Chalmoogra 937 Chamedryos herba 1973. b Chameedrys 1973, b Chamepitys 63. a *Chamerops 1722, 1737, 1833 Chaméléon blanc 215. a CHAMOMILE, species 145 Chamomile de Perse 482.b.c Chamomile, see Camomile 1235. a *Chamomilla 145, 1285 Chamomilla romana 143. ec Champaca (Champak) 1324.4 *Champaca 1324 Chanrpignon 1278. a Chanvre 370. a Chanvre aquatique 263. i Chanvre batard 861. a Chanvre du Canada 160. b *Chaptalia 1995 Chardon 781. b Chardon bénit 525. a Chardon doré 384. a Chardon étoilé 423. b Chardon Marie 1280. a Charity 1634. a Charlock 303. a, 1856. a Charlock, Jointed 1712. a Charlock, White 1712. a Charus (Charrus) 370. a Chasbow 1497. c. d Chaste-tree 2107. a Chastey 400. c Chataigne d’eau 2017. a Chatigne du Brésil 257. a Chataignier 400 Chataignier d’Inde 59. b Chaulmugra (Chalmoogra) a *Chavannesia 2063 Chavicae spadices 460, d Chaw-stick 913. a Chaya (Chay-root) 1429. a Cheadle 1312. b Cheat 313. a, 361. a, 1220. a Chebula 322. d Checkerberry 870. b, 1336. a Checker tree 1875. e Cheese-bowl 1497. c. d Cheese-cake plant 1270. b Cheese-rennet 863. i Cheeses 1270, 225. a *Cheiranthodendron 846 *Cheiranthus 782 Cheken (Chekan) 796. b Chelem 56. b Chélidoine 462. a Chélidoine, Petite 830. a *Chelidonium 892, 1927 Chéne 1704 Chénevis 370. a Chenile 1041."b Chénopode @ grappes 464. e *Chenopodium 273, 696, 1109, 1747 Chenopodium, U. S. P. 464.c Chequen 796. b Cherimolia 140. a Cherimoyer 140. a CHERRY, species 1668 Cherry, Barbados 1268. b Cherry, Cornelian 576. h Cherry, Cowhage 1268. c Cherry, Dwarf 1867. t CHERRY, GROUND, species 1578 Cherry, Ground 1187 Cherry, Indian 96. ¢c,1721.b Cherry, Jamaica 831. h Cherry, Jerusalem 1867. s Cherry, Marlberry 1051. a Cherry, May 96. ¢ Cherry, Poison Black 219.a Cherry, Sand 96. ¢ Cherry, Surinam 1268. a Cherry, Winter 1867. s +Cherry, Winter 380. a Cherry-laurel 1668. f, i Cherry-pie 755. a, 973. a Cherry-wood 2095. d CHERVIL, species 148 Chervil 445 Chervil, Hemlock 411. a Chervil, Needle 1796. a Chervil, Rough 411. a Chervil, Spanish 1378. a Chervil, Sweet 1378. a, 2115. a, b Chess 313. a Chesses 1488. b CHESTNUT, species 400 Chestnut, Earth 559. a Chestnut, Golden-leaved 401. a, Chestnut, Horse- 50 Chestnut, Kafir 298. a Chestnut, Oak 401 Chestnut, Water 2017. a Chestnut, Wild 298. a Chettik 1923. f Chew-bark 2058. e Chew-stick 913, a Chevorell 148. b. Chévrefeuille 1222. a Chia seed 1769. e, f Chick-pea, Lesser 1141. h Chicken-berry 870. b, 1336.a Chicken-fighters 2102. c Chicken-weed 83. c, 1831. g Chicken’s-meat 494, a 419 Chicken’s-toes 568. 21763. a Chickweed 83. esp. c, 430 Chickweed, Blinking 1358.a Chickweed (Chickenweed) Red 116. a Chickweed, Forked 152 Chickweed, Germander 2094, h Chickweed, Gravel 1810. a Chidkweed, Indian 1345. a Chickweed, Ivy 2094. i Chickweed, Mouse-ear 83. a Chickweed, Sea 99. a Cnickweed, Silver 1506. a Chickweed, Star-flowered 2031. a Chickweed, Water 83. a, 1358 Chicle 20. a, 1334. d Chicorée sauvage 494. b Chicory 494. b Chicot 930. a Chiendent des Indes 129. f Chiendent officinal 60. a Chiendent, Petit 60. a Chigger-weed 145. b Children’s-bane 495 b Chilli coyote 1325. a, b Chillies 377. a, b *Chilmoria 934 Chimney-sweep 1611. b China (Chinae cortex) 498. a, e, f China-root 1865. b, m China-root, False 1865. m China-shot 369 China tree 1299. b, 1912. a China-tree, Wild 1779. a, b Chinae radix (tuber) 1865. b Chinar tree 1612. a Chinarinde 498. a, e, f Chinawurzel 1865. b Chincone 1831. g Chinese-berries 1874. a Chinkapin, (chinquapin) 400. b Chinkapin, California. 401.a Chinkapin, Water, 1391. a Chinks, 870. b Chinquapin, (Chincapin) 400. b Chinwood, 1963. a, c Chiquito, 548. a Chiretta, (Chirata. Chiray- ta, 1933. a) Chirette, 1933. a *Chironia, 1758. Chittam (Chittim) bark, 1721. k Chittam-wood, 583. a Chittim-wood, 324, b Chines, 76. f Chocolate flower, 883. a Chocolate, Indian 885. b Chocolate root, 885. b, e, f, ete. Chocolate tree, 1984. a Chock-cheese, 1270. b Choke-berry, 185 Choke-pear, 185. Chop-nut, 1582. a Chopped-eggs, 1205. a Chou, 303. e Chris-root, 974. c Christ-thorn, 1491. a Christdorn, 1053. a Christmas, 1053 a 420 GENERAL INDEX. Pbrivianes-heeey; California Citron, (Citrone) 506. f,i,k Clover, Mexican 1733. a. iiaeal eens, 759, a, 974. b Christmas-green, 1240, b. Christopher, Herb, see Herb Christopher. Christophs wurz, 28. ¢ Christophorinae "radix, 497. a Christ’s-eye 1062. d Christ’s herb, 974. b Christ’s-ladder, 783. a Christwurz, 974. b, c, *Chronosemium, 2032. Chowlee, 2098. a *Chrysanthemum,1285.1957 Chrys ea Garden, Aelikoe! Chrysarobin, 2110. a *Chrysaspis, 2032. *Chi ysocoma, 476, 809, 2093. *Chrysodium, 27. *Chrysophylla, 566. *Chrysophyllum, 1228. Chuckies, 166. a Chufa, 635. b. Chumpaka, 1324, a Church-brooms, 686. b Churchwort, 1308. h Churn-staff, 803, d Churrus, (Cherrus) 370. a *Chusquea, 232. m Cibol, 76. a *Cicea, 1575. Cicely, Fool’s 51. 2 Cicely, Rough 411. a CICELY, SWEET species 2115. Cicely (Cisley ), Sweet 1378.a Cicely, Wild 148. c *Cicendia, 783. *Cicuta, 949. Cicuta major, 555. a *Cicutaria, 495. Ciderage 1641. 1 *Cienfuegia, 496. Cierge a pene fleurs, 438.a Cigar Tree, 406. Cigué officinale, 555. a Cigué petite, 51. a Cigué vireuse, 495. ¢ *Cimicifuga, 2018 Cinabliithen, 187. n Cinae flores, 187. n *Cinchona, 816, 1597, 1716. Cinchona, African 1784. a *Cineraria, 1831. Cineraria, 1831. e CINNAMON, var.s 500. a, c, g Cinnamon, Black 1594. a Cinnamon, Clove 674. a Cinnamon, White or Wild 368. a Cinnamon, Wild 1594. a Cinnamon, Winter’s 706. a Cinnamon-root, 1062. b Cinnamon-wood, 1788. a Cinqguefoil, 1437. a, 1658. b, ¢, d, e, f Cinquefoil, Marsh 547, a Cinquefoil, Purple 547. a Cinquefoil, Silvery 1658. b *Cirsium, 381. *Cissus, 105, 1514. *Cistus, 967. Cistus, ‘Marsh 1153, b Citri, Havedo ete. 506. i Citron-wood, 849. a Citronella, 539. b Citronella Oil, 129. ¢ Citronelle, 187 a, 1802. a Citronenkraut, 1302. a Citronenmelisse, 1302. a Cives (Civet) 76. f Civette, 76. f Clammy-weed, 1633. Clamoun, 1103. d Clappedepouch, 329. a Clapwort, 558, a Clary, 1769. d Clavalier, 2136. ¢ Clavelli Cassiae, (Cinnam- omi) 500. f Claver, 1227. a Claver-grass, 863. a,b Clavus secalinus, 512. 2 Clay-weed, 2053. a Clear-eye, 1769. a Clearing-nut 1923, e Clearweed, 41. a Cleat, 1548. a Cleats, 2053. a Cleavers, (Clivers) 863 Cleaverwort, 863. a, b *Clematis, 216. 1693. Clematis, "Mountain 216. a *Cleome, 1633. *Cliff-brake, 1527. a Cliff-weed, 1000. a Climath, 1730, h Climber, Woody, 1514. a Climbing-sailor, 629. a Cling-rascal, 863. a, b *Clinopodium, 1111 Clit-bur, 174. a, b *Clitoria, 301 Clive, 59. a, 174. a, b Clock, 1611. b Cloistered-heart, 882. i Clothier’s-brush, 686. a Clove bark, 500. e Clove tree, 796. a Clove, Wild 1594. a Clove-bark Tree, 674. a Ciove-root, 885. d Clove-strip, 1100. a Clove-tongue, 974. b Cloves, 796. a CLOVER, species 2082. +Clover 1294, under a Clover, Bitter 1758. a Clover, Bokhara 1300. a Clover, Brazilian 1291. d Clover, Bur 1291,a Clover, Burgundy 1291. d Clover, Bush 1179. Clover, Cabul 1300. a Clover, California 1291. a Clover, Chilian 1291. d Clover, Cuckoo’s 1475. a Clover, Dusty 1179. a Clover, Dutch 1291. d Clover, Florida 1733. a Clover, Gawk’s 1475. a Clover, Hart's 1300. b Clover, Heart 1291. a Clover, Hop 2032. a, b +Clover, Hop 1291. ¢ Clover, "Horned 1291. ¢ Clover, Japan 1179 b Clover, King’s 1300. b Clover, Ladies’ 1475. a Clover, Marsh 1310, a Clover, Pin 777. a Clover, Plaster 1300. b Clover, Prairie 1118. a, b- Clover, Sleeping 1475. a Clover Snail 1291 Clover, Sour, 1475. a Clover, Spanish 1291. d, 1733. a Clover, Spotted 1291.2 Clover, Sweet 1300. a, b Clover Thousand-leavedis. & Clover, Tree 1300. Clover, W.ild 1179. b Clover, Winter 1366. a CLOTBUR, species 2131 +Clotbur, 174. a, b Clotebur, 2131, 174. a, b Clote-leaf, 1420. b Clotweed, 2131 Clous aromatiques 796. a Cloud-berry, 1750. f +Cloud-berry, 1750. p CLUB-MOSS, species 240 Club-moss, Dwarf 1825. b Club-moss, ria ed 1825. ¢ Club-weed, 423. d Cluster-berry, 2075. p eee i & 1112 ypeola, 88, 11 *Cnicus, 381. Coakum, 1485. b Cob-nut 579. ¢ Cob-nut, West Indian 1434.2: Coca (Cuca) 787. a Cocablatter 787. a Cocash 206. h Cocash-weed 1831. a Cocco (Cocoe) 541. a Coccognidii cortex 644 *Coccoloba 526 *Cocculus 117, 416, 475, 1090 Coeculus Indicus 117 Cocellafia 921. a Cochineal Cactus 1449, b Cochineal Oak 1704 1 *Cochlearia 578, 1742 Cocoa, Brazilian 1518. a Cocowort 329. a Cock-foot 462. a Cock-head 1900. a Cock-up-hat 1914 a Cockeno 1497. ¢ Cock-spur 1604. a Cockiloorie 248. a Cockle 2074. a Cockle, Corn 61. a Cockle; Indian, 117. a ckle-bur 59, 174. a, b cklebur, Common 2131, Cocklebur, Thorny 2131. 4 Cockly -bur 174, a. b Cocks 1611. b Cock’s-head plant 1437. a Cock’s-foot 166. b {Cockscomb 1437. a Cockscomb, Yellow 1726 # Cock-weed 61. a Cocky-baby 189, a Cocoa 1984, a Cocoanut 529, ey Coeotier 529. b Cod-head 463. a Codia 1497. d Codlins-and-cream 755. * *Coelestina 57 Coffee 531. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, Coffee, Mogdad 396. i Coffee, Negro 396. i Coffee nut 930. a Coffee, Soudan 533. a, 1503. a Coffee, Swedish 208, a Coffee tree, American 930.a Coffee tree, California 1721.k Coffee, Wild 2037. a . Coffee-bean, Kentucky 930.a Cognassier 628, a Cohosh, Black 497. a Cohosh, Blue 413. a Cohosh, Red 27. b Cohosh, White 27. a Cohune Palm 220. a Coing 628. a Coing du Bengale 47. a *Coinogyne 1092 Cojote, Chili 614. a *Colaria 533 Colchique 534. a Cold seeds 505. a, 613. a, c, 614. d, 1126. a Cole-rape 303. b Colework 303. e Colewort, Hare’s 1871. b, ¢ Coliander 573. a Colic-root 680. f, 194. a +Colic-root 160, a, 1124. b, ¢ Colic-weed 262. a +Colic-weed 262. b, 372. b Colicwort 65. a Collard (Collet) 303. e Collard 1883. a Collard, Wild 1315, b Collinsonie 539. b Collmarkraut 116. a *Collomia 888 Colocynth 505. b *Colocynthis 505 Colocynthis, U.S. P. 505. b Colombo Americana 844, a Colombo de Mariette 844. a Colombowurzel 844. a Colophony 1601.i Coloquinte 505. b Colt-herb 2053. a Colt’s-tail 1174. a Colt’s-foot 2053. a FColtsfoot 355. a, 858 a Coltsfoot, False 194. a Coltsfoot, Sweet 1548 Coltsfoot, Water 1420. b *Colubrina 43 Colubrina radix 182. f Columbariz herba 2091. f Columbinae radix 164i. e COLUMBINE 166 Columbine, Feathered 1976. a, ete Columbine, Tufted 1976. c Columbo (Colombe) 1090. a Columbo, American 844. a Colum bo-wood 581, a Colza 303. b Coma 324. b Comb 304. a Comb-flower 968. a, 304. b Comfrey 1937. a Compass-plant 1125. e 1852. a Concombre 613. ¢ Concombre purgatif d’ane 724. a Concombre sauvage 724. a *Condalia 1720 Condiar 178, a Condurango 1282. a *Condylocarpus 1832 CoNE-FLOWER, species 1751 Cone-flower, Long-headed 1713, a Cone-flower, Prairie 1713. a Cone-flower, Purple 304 Conessi bark 1011 Congo-root 1679. e *Coniothele 268 *Conocarpus 1130 *Conoclinium 802 Conomon 613. a *Conostylis 1223 Conquer-John 1639, a *Conradia 1255 Consolida major 1937. a Consolida regalis 656. c Consolida Saracenica 1869, b Consoude grande 1937. a Consound 248. a, 1957. a Consound, King’s 656. ¢ Consound, Middle 63. ¢ Constancy 1824. j Consumption-weed 1696. d Consumptive’s-weed 772. a Contrayerva 698. a, b Contrayerva, German 630.b Conval-lily 562. a *Convallaria 1639, 2076 *Convolvulus 308, 815, 1066, 1444 WP Convulsion-root 1356. a Convulsion-weed 1356. a *Conyza 1062, 1683, 1834 Conyze 1062. b *Conyzella 1174 Cooch-(Cutch-) grass 60. a Cool-tankard 284. a Coolstock 303. e Coolweed 41. a Coolwort (White) 1997. a Coon-root 1773. a Coontee (Coontie) 2145. a *Copaiba 565 Copaiba (Copaiva) 565 *Copaifera 565 Copal, Chacaze 2013. a Capal, Indian 2086. a Copal, Jackass 2013. a Copal, Kauri 55. a Copal, Malabar 2085. a Copal, Mexican 735. a Copal, West Indian 1036. a Copal, Zanzibar 2013. a Copal-balsam 1210. b Copal-tree 2086. a Copalchi bark 606. f Copalm 565. a Copalm tree 1210. b’ Copper-leaf 1696. d *Coprosmanthus 1865 Coptida 567. b Coq des jardins 482. a Coque du Levant 117. a Coquelicot. 1497. c Coquelourde 1693. b Coquilla-nut 220 b Coral-and-pearl 27. b Coral-bean 1874. b Coral-bean, Large 1457. a Coral-berry 1936 » C 421 Coral-evergreen 1240. a Coral-root 568 Coral-root, Crested 1002 Coral-tree 784 *Carallocarpus 320. d Corassol 140, b, d,e Corazo Palm 220. a *Cordia 2085 *Cordiceps 512] Cordylanthus 37 *Coreopsis 263, 1952, 2092 Coriander (Coriandre)573. a Coriander, Roman 1411. b Coriariae fructus 338. a Corme 1875. e Cork-tree 1704. s, t, u Corkscrew plant 936. b Cork-wood 1156. a +Cork-wood 1604. b Cork-wood tree 140. ¢ Corn, Amel 2040. d Corn, Broom 1876. b Corn, Chocolate 1876. b Corn Cockle 61 Corn, Coffee 1876. b Corn, Guinea 1876. b Corn, Heath 821. a Corn, Indian 2148. a Corn, Kafir 1876. b Corn, Parrot’s 391. a Corn, St. Peter’s 2040.c Corn, Saracen’s 821. a 7Corn, ‘Turkey- 2148. a Corn-bind 564. a, 1641. h Corn-binks 423. ¢ ¢Corn-bottle 423 ¢ Corn-flower 423. ¢ Corn-salad, Beaked 2078. b Corn-salad, Europeat 2U78.a Corn-smut 2071. a *Cornea 877 CORNEL, species 576 Cornelian tree 576, f, h Coronilla 577 a Cornouiller 576. b, f, h Cornstalk-weed 1657. c Cornwood 1682. b *Coronaria 1236 Corozo nut 1684. a Corpse-plant 1356. a Cortex adstringens brasi- liensis 1925. a *Corvisartia 1062 *Corydalls 262 Corydales 262. a *Corydalis 372 Corydalis cava 372. ¢ Corydalis solida 372. a *Corypha 566, 1757 *Cosmea (Cosmus) 582 Cosso 941. a Cost (Costus) 482 a Cost, English 1957. a Costmary 482. a Costus dulcis 368. 2 Costus root 1791 Coto bark 1390. d +Coto bark 706. a Coton 912. ¢ Cottagers 677. a CoTTon 912 Cotton, Lavender 1777. a Cotton, Petty 904 Cotton, Wild 160. b, 195. ¢ Cotton-bush 1109. b Cotton-grass 774 Cotton-seed tree 226. a 422 Cotton-tree 420. a, 1652. c, 1 Cotton-weed 144. a, 121. a, 6. a Cotton wood 1652. c, d, e,f +Cottonwood 1999. ¢ ; Cotylet 586. a Couch-grass 60. a Couch-grass, Indian 376. a Couch-grass, Red 382. a Coundi oil 378. b Cough-root 2036. a Cough-root, Californial193. b Cough-weed 1831. a Coughwort 2053. a Cougourde 1126. a Couleuvrée 320. b Coumarin 147. a, 201. b, 688. a, b, 863. h Conmarouma bean 688. a, b *Coumarouna 688 *Courbari 1036 Courbaril 1036. a Courge potiron 614. b Courida 223. a Couronne de moine 1959. a Couronne de Saint-jeans187.s Courtship-and-matrimony 2057. a Coutfit 2053. a Coventry-bells 362. d, f Cover-shame 1099. d Covey (Sweet) 777. b Cow-bell 1851. b Cow-berry 547. a, 1336. a, 1851. b, 2075. p Cow-grass 2032. f, j,1641. d Cow-herb 2074. a Cow’s-lick 320. b Cow-lily 355. a Cow-mumble 148. ¢ Cow-medles 1796. a Cow-plant 1728. d Cow-poison 656. e Cow-quake 1884. a Cow-rattle 1236. a Cow-sinkin 1660. b Cow-tongue 521. a Cow-tree 315. b, 523, 1334. a, 1946. a , Cow-weed 148. c Cow-wheat 1296. a Cowbane 495. c, 1479. b Cowbane, Spotted 555. a Cowbind 320. b Cowdie gum 55. a Cowhage (Cowage) 1365 Cowish 1554. a Cowitch 1365. a Cow’s-tail 1174. a Cow’s-wort 1523. b Cowslip 1385. a +Cowslip 133. g,355.a,1057.d, 1711. i, 2061. a Cowslip, American 693. a t+Cowslip, American 1314. a Cowslip, Bedlam 1692. a Cowslip, Bugloss 1692. a Cowslip, English 1660. d Cowslip, French -660. a Cowslip, Great 1660. b Cowslip, Jerusalem 1692. a Cowslip, Mountain 1660. a Cowslip, Virginia 1314. a Cowslop 355. a Cowthwort, 1165. a Coxcomb, Red 91. 4 CRAB-APPLE, species 1269 GENERAL INDEX. Crab-grass 1763. a Crab-stock 1269. a Crab-tree 1269, 378. a Crab-weed 1641. d Crab’s-claws 1641. n Crab’s-eyes 4. a Crabwood tree 378. a *Cracca 310 Cracker berry 576. ¢ Crackers 873. d Crain 830. a Crake-berry 570. a, 747. a Crake-feet 1450. d Crake-needles 1796. a Cranberry 1476. b Cramp-bark 2095. d Cran de Bretagne 1742. a CRANBERRY, species 1476 Cranberry, High-bush 2095. d Cranberry, Mountain 2075. p, 176. f Cranberry, Rock 2075. p Cranberry, Upland 176. f Cranberry tree 2095. d. m Cranberry, White 468. a Crane-willow 428. a Crane’s-berry 1476. a Cranesbill 883 Crap 821. a Crashes 1742. b Crassula major 1824. ¢ *Crassuvium 321 *Crataegus 96, 584, 997 *Crataeva 47 Cravobaum 674, a Crawley, False 1684. a Crawley-root 568. a, b Crawnels 149. a Crazy 1711. ¢ Crazy-Bet 355. a Crazy-weed 208. c, p Cream-cups 1614 Cream-nut 257. a Cream-of-tartar tree 32 Creashak 176. f Creeper,563. c, 1325. ¢ Creeper, Trumpet 1964. a Creeper, Virginia 1514. a Creeping-bur 1240. a Creeping-Charlie 894. a, 1824. a Creeping-Jack 1824. a Creeping-Jenny 1325. c 1240. a, b, 1149. a, 1824. b _ Creeping-sailor 1792. a CREESY, species 1711 *Crematomia 294 Creosote bush 588, a *Crepis 1163 Crepitus lupi 1238. a Cress, Bank 1860. a Cress, Bastard 1989. a, 1168. ¢ Cress, Belle-isle 235. b Cress, Bitter 379. esp.a,235.a Cress, Butter 1711. ¢ Cress, Cow 1168. ¢ Cress, Field 1168. ¢ Cress, French 235. a Cress, Garden 1168. e Cress, Indian 2044. a Cress, Lamb’s 379. b _ Cress, Land 235. a, b, 379. b Cress, Leek 74. a Cress, Mouse-ear 1908 a Cress, Normandy 235. a Cress, Para 1893. a Cress, Penny 1989. a Cress, Peter’s 599. a Cress, Purple 379. d Cress, Rock 167, 1908. a tCress, Rock 487. a Cress, Rocket 235. a Cress, St. Barbara’s 235. a Cress, Spring 379. d Cress, Swine’s 578. a Cress, Thale 1908. a Cress, Tower 167. c Cress, Wall 167, 1908. a Cress, Wart 578 Cress, Winter 235 Cress, Yellow 1711. ¢ Cresson de fontaine, 1742. b Cresson de Para, 1893. a Cresson de roches, 487. a Cresson des prés, 379. ¢ Cressonée 2094. ¢ Crest-marine 599. a Creyat 127. a Crinkle-root 660. a Cristalline 1316. a *Cristaria 1271 *Crockeria 1140 Crocklety-bur 174. a, b Crocodile 514. d, 10538. a TCrocus 754. a Crocus, Autumn 584. a Crocus, Autumnal 61. a Crocus, Meadow 534. a Crocus, Michaelmas 534, a Crocus, Prairie 1693. a Crocus, Purple 534. a Crocus, U.S. P. 6U1. a Crocus, Wild 1693. a Cropweed 423. d Cross-flower 1638. p Cross-of-Jerusalem 1236. b Cross-vine 265. b 7Crossvine 1964. a *Crossopetalum 1372 Crosstoes 1227. a Crossweed 685. a Crosswort 1249. b, 802. i Crosswort, Golden 863. e *Crotalaria 234, *Croton 1267, 1780 Croton oil 606. h Crouper-bush 428. a Crow-bells 1808. a Crowbells, Yellow 1385. a Crow-corn 68. a Crow-fig 1923. d Crow-flower 1236. d Crow-Pea 747. a Crow-poison 479. a Crow-silk 1889. a Crow-soap 1781. a Crow-toe 660. b, 1227. a Crow-victuals 894. a Crow-berry 747, 176. f, 1476.4 Crow-berry, Broom 570 Crowberry, Plymouth 570. a Crowd-weed 303, a, 1168. ¢ Crowdy 1824. a CROWFOOT, species 1711. {Crowfoot 355, a, 660. b 883. a, 1240. b, c, 1478 Crowfoot, Musk 46. a Crowfoot, Water 242 Crowfoot, White-flowered 133. a Crowfoot, Wood 133. g Crown bark 498, e NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. 423 2 Crown-beard, Sunflower, Cundurango de platano Cytise 641. a 2092. b 730. a Cytosogenistae, herba 881. a Crown-imperial 847. b Cundurango de paloma *Cytisus 1985 Crown-ot-the-field 61. a 730. b, 910. a Dachlauch 1830. a Crow’s-foot 149. a *Cunila 960 Daddy-nut tree 1999. a *Cruciata 863. e Cup-plant 1852. b Daffadowndilly 644. ¢ Crummock 1863. ¢ *Cupameni 9 Daffodil, Checkered 847. ¢ *Cryptanthus 154 *Cupania 272 Daffodil, Hoop-petticoat *Cryptotalnia 661. *Cuphea 1511 1385. ¢ Cuba-wood 472. a Cuphea, Clammy 1511. a Daffodil, Sea 1494. a Cubeb, (Cubébe) 611. a Cup-guldilocks 2028. a Daffodil (Trumpet) 1385 a Cubeb, African (Guinea) Cups-and-saucers 586, a +Daffy-down-dilly 2036. b 611. f Cupid’s-delight 2102. f Dagezer-plant 2144. a Cucklebur, Sea 2131. ¢ Cuprea bark 1716. a, b Daggers 1068. e, 1559. a Cucklemoors 174, a, b *Cupressus 453, 1962 Daggett 261. a * Cuckold-dock 174. a, b Cuprose 1497. ¢ Dahoon Holly 1053. b Cuckoo-babies 189. a Curacao 506. ¢, d Dalsy, species 248, 482 Cuckoo-bread 1475. a Curaie 1923. g +Daisy 206, 768. b, d Cuckoo-buds 1711. ¢ Curcuma, Ohio 1032, a Daisy, Blue 206. i, 494. b Cuckoo-button 174. a, b Curdwort 863, i Daisy, Brown 1751. a — Cuckoo-flower 379. ¢c, Cure-all 885. b, 1302. a Daisy, Butter 1711. c¢ 1236. d, 1475. a Cure-all, King’s 1436. a Daisy, Cabbage 2043. a, b +Cuckoo-flower 133. g Curlew-berry 747. a Daisy, Dog 18. a, 145. b Cuckoo-flower, White 1236 a Curleck 303. a, 1712. a Daisy, English, etc. 248. a Cuckoo-flower, Wild 1236. a Curly-grass 1800 Daisy, Ewe 1658. g Cuckoo-pint 189. a Curly-head 514. e Daisy, Horse 145. b Cuckoo-sour 1475. a Curranbine 166 b. Daisy, Irish 1959. a Cuckoo-spit 379. ¢ CURRANT, species 1732 Daisy, Marsh 1903. a +Cuckoo-spit 133. g fCurrant 2108. e Daisy, Michaelmas Cuckoo’s-cap 25, i Currant, Indian 1936. c 206. ¢, g, i Cuckoo’s-meat 1475, a Currant-leaf 1337. a Daisy, Nigger 1751. a *Cucubalus 1851 Curry-Jeaf 449. a Daisy, Ox-eye 482. e Cucumber 613. ¢ Cushag 1831. f +Daisy, Ox-eye 1751. a Cucumber, Bitter 505. b *Cussambium 1804 Daisy, Paris 482. d Cucumber, Creeping 1305. a Cusso (Cousso) 941 Daisy, Pigsty 145. b Cucumber, Indian 1290.a Custard-apple 140.esp.d&e Daisy, Poison 145, b Cucumber, One-seeded 1845 +Custard-apple 198. a,383.a Daisy, Sea 1903. a Cucumber, Snake 613, a Cut-finger 2100. a Daisy, Sun 967. b Cucumber, Squirting 724. a Cut-heal 2077. c Daisy, Yellow 1751. a Cucumber, Wild 1845.a,724.a Cut-paper 316. a Daisy-fleabane 768. a, b, @ Cucumber-root, Indian Cut-weed 849, b Daisy-tree 1431. b 1290. a Cutch 7. b, j *Dalbergia 859 Cucumber-tree 1262. a,c,d,e, *Cyanus 423 *Dalea 1118, 1507 222.:a *Cyclachzena 1079 Dallish 943. a, b +Cucumber-tree 1211. a *Cycloptera 3 Damasin (Damas) 1668. h *Cucumis 505, 614, 1232 *Cymbidium 568, 1200 Damiana 2052. a Cucumis agrestis 724. a Cyminum (Cuminum) 615.a ;Damiana 1074. a Cucumis asininus 724. a *Cymopterus 1455 : Dammar (Damar) 55. b, e, a, *Cucurbita 505 *Cy nanchum 1868, 2054, 2101 1841. a, b Cucurbitae semina 614. d *Cynodon 376 Dammar, Agath 55, b Cudbear 1150. f Cynoglosse 633, a Dammar resin, Black 365. b CUDWEED, species 144 *Cynoglossum 1137 *Dammara 55, 1666 Cudweed 904, 886. a Cynorrhoda (Cynorrhodon) Dammer, White 2086. a +Caudweed 1150. b 1743. a Damsel 1668. h Cudweed, Childing 886. a Cynosbata 1743,a Damson 1668. h Cudweed, Golden 1683. b Cynosbati fungus 1743. a Damson, Bitter 1854. a Cukukskraut 379. ¢ *Cynthia 45 Damson, Mountain 1854 a Culberdill 15. a Cyperus, Sweet 635. d Dandelion 1959. a Culilawan bark 500. 6 shy Methaanten 1867 Dandelion, Dog’s 1163. a Culip 2049 Cypripéde 636 Dandelion, Dwarf 45 Cullavine 166. b CYPRESS, species 1962,617 Dandelion, Fall 1163. a Culiay 1705. a tCypress 63. a, 803. b, Dandelion, False 58, 1416, *Culletia 43 1138. a, 1955. b 1862. ; - Culrage 1641. 1 Cypress, Belvidere 1109.c Dandelion, High 1005. b Culupa (Curuba) 1515. j Cypress, Brown 1109. ¢ Dane’s-blood 362. ¢, 1693. b Culverkeys 1660, d Cypress, Field 63. a Danewort 1771. ¢ a. ; Cypress, Flowering 1955. b Dangleberry 873. ¢, 2075, nm Culver’s-physic 1171. a Culver’s-root 1171. a Cypress, Heath 1240. d + Daphne 645 Gileexwork. 108, b Cypress, Summer 1109. ¢ Darbya 324, 1407 ? ; Y : Cypress, Yellow 1992, a *Darlingtonia 31, 481§ pacha on) 615. 2 Cypress-root 635, d Darn-grass 133. g umin, Black 1411. b Cypress-vine 1702. b Darnel 1220. a Cumin de prés 392. b ('vpress-vine 42, a Dashel 381. a Cumin, Sweet 1595. a “Cypripedium 359 Dashel, Milk 1871. b.fe Cuminum nigrum 1411.b = *yrilla 1051 Dasystoma 1255 Cundurango 1282. a *Oyrtorhyncha 1478 Date, Chinese 2155. a Cundurango blanco 1672. a = *ystoseira 849 Date Palm 1570. a 424 GENERAL INDES. Date, Plum 681. ¢. ete +Devil’s-milk 462. a Dock, Cheadle 1851, f Date, Trebizonde 735. b Devil’s-plague 651. < Dock, Lif 1062, a Date, Wild 1570. c Devil’s-posy 76. b Dock, Flatter 1420. b Dattelpflaume 681 Devil’s-rattlebox 1851. b Dock, Flea 1548. a Daturae herba (semina) ~*~ Devil’s-root 1794, ¢, 1459.a Dock, Kadle 1831. f 649 b, e Devil’s-shoestrings 590. d Dock, Kettle 1548. a, 1831. f *Daucus 1886 Devil’s-snuffbox 1238. 2 Dock, Mullen 209. b Daucus de Créte 212. @ Devil’s-tether 1641, h Dock, Prairie 1852. ¢ *Davernoya 39 Devil’s-tongue 1449. a +Dock, Prairie 1513. b David’s-harp 1639. ¢ Devil’s-tree 85. b Dock, Kound 127. b David’s-root 467. a Devil’s-trumpet 649. b, ¢: Dock, Sour 1753. a, b, d, Davy -whiteyeads 774. a Devil’s-walkingstick 62. b 1480. a Dawke 651. 4 Devil’s-weed 1125. a Dock, Spatter 1420, a Day-berry i732. i Devil-wood 1470. ft “Dock, Sweet 1641. e *Dayenia 224 Dew-cup 65. k Dock, Velvet 2090. b, 1062.2 Dead-men’s-bellows 63. ¢ ~Dew-planf 707. a Dock, Water 1463. Dead-men’s-bones 125, a Dewberry 1750. a, b, ¢ Dockmackie 2095. h Dead-men’s-fingers 1450.d Dewtry 649. b,c Doctor-gum 1730. g DEAD-NETTLE, species 1182 Dhak tree 331. a DoDDER, species 620 Dead-nettle 1900. a Diagrydium 563, h Dodder-seed 361. a Dead-nettle, Hemp 861. a Diamond plant 1316, 9 Dodger 381. a. Dead-tongue 1427, a *Dianthera 1101 Dog-banner (Dog-binder) Deadwort 1771. ¢ *Dianthus 2051 145, b Deal, American :601. gq *Diapedium 1101 Dogberry 1875. a, 1732. b, Deal, European 1601. r *Diapensia 1700 521. a Death-come-quickly 883.b Diapensize herba 1775. Dog-berry tree 576. i, 185. Death cup y0. b *Diaperia 832 Dog-blow 482. e Deathin 495. c, 1427. ¢ *Dicentra 262 Dog-bur 633. a, b Death’s-herb 219. a *Dichaeta 227 Dog-buttons 1923. d Death-of-man 495. 0 *Dichetostemma 311 Dog-daisy 18. a, 248. a Deer-balls 737. a *Dichopsis 1490 Dog-fennel (Dog-finke)) Deer-berry 1836. a, 870. b, *Dicliptera 665, 1101 145. 2075. D *Diclytra (Dielytra) 26? {Dog-fennel 206, ¢ Deer-foot 302. a *Dieteria 1252 Dog-fennel, False 720. a Deer-grass 1724.8 Digitale pourprée 677, F Dog-mint 520. d Deer-vine 1207. a Dika Bread 1069, a Dog-poison 51. a Deer-wood 1472. 2 Dill 134 Dogs-and-cats 2032. ¢ Deer’s-tongue 2035. a, 785.b Dill 51. a, 839.4 Dog’s-bane, Climbing 1544.3 Deil’s-Spoons 72. a, 1657.2 ill-weed 145. b Dog’s-dinner 1026, b *Dendrocalamus 232. D Dillidillweed 145. h Dog’s-finger 677. a *Dens-leonis 1959 Dilly 134, a, 1385. @ Dog’s-mouth 151. a Dentariae radix 115. a Dilly, Wild 1334. ¢ Dog’s-rib 1611, b Dent de lion 1959. a *Dimeresia 762 Dog-toes 144. b Dentellaria 1620. a Dindle 1959. a, 1871. 9 Dog’s-tongue 633. a, 2035. a Deodar 419. a *Diodonta 263 Dog’s-tco h grass 876. a *Dermophylla 414, 2021 *Diosma 236 Dog-tree 79. a Dermophyllae radix 2021.2 *Diotis 805 Dogbane (Dog’s-bane) 160 *Descurainia 1873 *Dipherocarpus 1400 Doewoon, species 576 *Desmanthus 31 *Diplopappus 1068 / tDogwood 96. c, 801. ¢, *Desmodium 1294 Diptam (Diptame) 1456.! 2095, a Devil-in-a-busb 1411. a, Diptamwurzel 673. a Dogwood, Alder 1721. 2g 1501 @ *Dipteracanthus 1752 Dogwood, Black 1721. g Devil’s-apple 649. b, ¢ *Diplogon 488 Dogwood, False 16. ¢ Devil’s-apron 1131. b *Diplopappus 488, 695 Dogwood, Flowering 576.f,g Devil’s-bit 455. a, 1124.a,b, Dirty-Dick 464.a Dogwood, Jamaica 1052. a 1794. ¢ Dirty-John 464. i Dogwood, Poison 1730. p +Devil’s-bit 68. a Dishalaga 2053. a Dogwood, Pond 428. a Devil’s-bite 2089. b Disheloth 2036. b Dogwood, Striped 16. ¢ Devil’s-bones 680 f *Discopleura 1686 Dogwood, Swamp 428. a, Devil’s-claw 1284. a *Distasis 448 1681. a, 1730. p Devil’s-claws 1711.9 Dita bark 85.b Dogwood, White 102. a, Devil’s-club 728 Ditarinde 85. b 2095. a Devil’s-darningneedle Ditch-bur (Dike-bur)2131.b Doft-berry 219. a 1796, a, 514, ¢ Ditch-grass 1754, a *Dolicholus 1731 Deyvil’s-ear 181. b Ditch-moss 1566, a *Dolichos 900, 1121, 1365 youlrere 1059. s, Dittonder 673. a 2098 R x , evil’s-fingers 1227. a ittany 673 Devil’s-grandmother 741.8 Dittany, American 616.a Piet en aed . Devil’s-grass 474. a Dittany, Mountain 616.4 J)inba oil 353 2 Salat Sc 1345. a Dittany of Crete 1456. b pera ie aes "630. b Devil’s-hair 514. ¢ Divi-divi 338. a Dom er oe Devil’s-guts 620, 1711.h, Diviladner 1946. c *Donia 918, 1661 | 1884. a Dock, species 1753 Donkey’s-eyes 1265. a Devil’s-head-in-a-bush Dock, Batter 1548. a Donkey’s-oats 1753. a 1003. i Dock, Butter (Butterfly) Donnerkraut 1830. a Devil’s-leaf 2067. @ 1548, 9 Donnerwurzel 372. ¢ Devil’s-milk 803. 6 Dock, Can 1420. b, d Doon-head-clock 1959. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. 425 Door-weed (Door-grass) Duckmeat 2123, 2114 *Echinospermum 1137 1641. d uckmeat, Tropical 1606. a *Echinus 1267 - Doorn-boom,7..h Duckweed 1159 *Echites 85, 2012 *Doratophora 699 Duckweed, Greater 1896.2 Keorce de Geoffrée 2110. b,c *Doria 1869 Duckweed, Tropical 1606. a Edder’s-tongue 1445 Dornapfel 649. b, c Dudder-grass 40. a Eddoes, (Eddos, Edders) *Doronicum 183, 768 Dudgeon 333. a 541. a Doronicum germanicum *Dulcamara 1867 Eddoes, Blue 2135. a 183. a - Duleamara 1867. j Eddoes, Nut 2135. a Dosten (brauner) 1456. d Dulse 948. a, b Edgeweed 1427. c Dosten, kretischer 1456. a Dumb-watches 1787. a, b Edelgarbe 18. ¢ Dother 620 *Dumerelia 1541 Edelschafgarbe 18. ¢ Double-claw 1284 a *Dunantia 1073 Edeltanne 2. f Double-tooth 263. f Dunche-down 2055. a Edelweiss 1164. a Doum (Doom) Palm 1044.a Duqwat 769. a Fel-grass 2158. a, 2081.a @ Doundake bark 1784. a Dur-bottle 423. d Eel-grass, Green 242. a Doura 1503.a Durchwachsdost 802. i Eestridge 1767. a Dove’s-dung 1458. a Durchwachskraut 327, a Egg, Vegetable 1867. k Dove’s-foot 166. b Durian 719. a Egg-berry, (Eck-berry) Down-hill-of-life 1249. a Diirlitze 576. 1 1668. m Down-weed 886. a Durra (Doura) 1876. b Ege-plant 1867. k *Downingia 281 Diirrwurz 1062. b fEgg-plant 1936. b *Draba 778, 1406 Duscle 1867. 0 Eggs-and-bacon1385.d,1227.a *Dracaena 521 Dusty-husband 167. a Eglantier, sauvage 1743. a Drachenwurz, stinkende Dusty-miller 1831. d,1660.a, Eglantine (Eglanteré) 1743.f 1883. a 1236. @ Eglantine, Twisted 1222. b *Draco 703. Dutch-cheese 1270 a Egrimoine, (Egramounde) *Dracocephalum 418, 1292, Dutch-mice 1141. j 59. a Dutchman’s-breeches 262. b Egriot 1668. ¢ *Dracontium 1883 Dutchman’s-laudanum Ehrenpreis 2094. f Dracontium minus 189. a 1515. b *Ehretia 294 Dragge (Drake) 1220. a Dutchman’s-pipe 182. b Ehuawa 635. j Dragon, Biting 187. e {Dutchman’s-pipe 1356, a Eibe 1963. a Dragon, Brown 181. b Dwale 219. a, 1867. j Eibisch 87 a Dragon, Great 189. 2 Dway berry 219. a Eiche 1704. Dragon’s-blood 703. a, 1682.2 Dye-leaves 1938. a, 1053. i Eichelkaffee 1704. q {Dragon’s-blood 883. b Dye-weed 881. a Eichenmistel 2105. a Dragon’s-claws 568. a Dyer’s-weed 1717, a, 1869.{,g *Eichhornia, (Eichornia) “Dragon’s-mouth 151.a, 179.2 *Dyschoriste 352 1586 Dragon’s-tongue 466. a Dysentery-root 1137. b Eihhornwurzel 68. a Dragon-head 704 Dysentery-weed 1137. b. Eisenhut 25. i Dragon-head, False 1581. a 904. c Ejisenkraut, (Eisenhart) Dragon-root 181. a, 189. a agle-wood 165. a 2091. f Dragon-tree 703. a ar-drops 262 Eiserig 1048. a Dragonwort 1641. e Ear-jewel 1057. a, d Hiskraut 1316. a Dragunbeifuss 187. e Earning-grass 1599, a Einbeere 1501. a *Drakaina 703 ae he 968. b Eker 1742. b Drake’s-feet 1450. d Earth-ball 2047, El Kellah 98. a Drank (Dravick) 1220. a Earth-club 558, a *Eleagnus 1166 *Drawk 61. a Earth-gall 783. a, 1446. a *Eleocarpus 2086 . Dreiblatt 1310. a 2089. b *Eleodendron 885 Dreifaltigkeitskraut 2102.f Earth-nut559. a, 635. b,168.2 *Elaphrium 330 *Drejera 137 Earth-smoke 850. a *Elatine 740 Drias 1978. a Easteningwort 1794. a *Elbocarpus 434 Droke 1220. a Easter-bell 83. b ELDER, species 1771 Droopwort 1895. a Easter-flower 1693. a, b Elder, Bishop’s 48, a Drop-berry 1639. b, ¢ Easter-ledges 1641. e Elder, Box 16. b Drops-of-snow 133. g Easter-magients 1641. 6 Elder, Dog 48. a Dropsy plant 1302.a Eat-berry 1732. i Elder, Dwarf 170. b, 48. a Dropwort 1895. a *Eatonella 1157 Elder, Ground 135. a Dropwort, False 1479. a Eaver 1220.a °- Elder, Marsh 1079, 2095. d Dropwort, Hemlock 1427.a, EHbénier 681. a,c Elder, Poison 1730. p,1771.f 1479. b Ebénicr, Faux 641. 9 Elder, Red or Rose 2095. d Dropwort, Water 1427. ¢, Eberesche 1875. d. Elder, Southern Prickly 1479. b Eberraute 187. a 170. f Dropwort, Western 1655.2.b Eberwurz 384. a Elder, Water 2095. d Drumheads 1638. k Ebony 681. a,e Elder, White 2095. d Drumstick 423, d etree 1608. d Elder, Wild 170. b Drumstick tree 409. b ny, False 641. a Elder-roob ( Elder-rob) Drunk 1220.a Ebony, Mountain 243, b 1771. e Drunkards 355. a, 879. b *Ebulum 1771 Eldin 1548. a Drunkwort 1410. b Eberreiskraut 187. a Elecampane 1062. a Dubock 758, a Echalote 76. a Election-posies 403, a, ete. Duck-retter 2089. b *Echidiocarya 1609 Elémi 365. a Ducks 636, a, ete *Echinacea 304. Elemi, African 289. b Duck’s-foot 65. b, 1625. a *Echinocactus 1224 Elemi, Brazilian 1666. ¢c Duck’s-meat 1159 *Echinocystis 729, 1325 Elemi, Manila 365. a 426 GENERAL INDEX. Elemi, Mexican 738. a Erdbrod 625. a *Execeearia 928, 1780: Elemi, Oriental 289. b Erdnuss 168. a Exile-tree 1988. a Elephantenlaiise 1829. a Erdrauch 850. a *Exogonium 1066. 1, m Elephant’s-ear 245 Erdscheibe 625. a Eye-bright 116. a, 804. a, Elephant’s-foot 741 Erdschwefel 1240. a 1217. b, 1356. a, 2094. di Elephant’s-trunk 1284. a Ergot 512. a tEye-bright 707. a, 1022. a Eleven-o’clock-lady 1458.a Ergot, Corn 2071. a Eye-bright, Red 1425. a Ellhorn 1771. € Ergot de mais 2071. a Kyebright, Spotted 803. h, j Elfwort 1062.a *Erica 350 Eye-root (Eye-balm) 1032. a *Elichrysum 969 *Erigeron 1174, 1619 Eyewort 804, a Elk-bark 1262. d,f Erigeron, Canada 1174. a Ezob 1048. a Elk-nut 1698. a *Eriocaulon 1122 Faba calabarica 1582. a Elk-tree 1477. a *Eriodendron 420 Faba febrifuga 1923. b Elk-wood 1262. d *Eriogynia 1231 Faba marina 751. a Ellanwood 1771. e *Eriophyllum 29 Fabariae herba 1824. e Ellar (Ellarne) 1771. e *Eritrichium 77, 1453, 16:9 Fabes (Feabes, Fapes)1782..i Ellem (Elmen, Elven) Erlenbaum 79 Face-in-hood 25, i 2058, d Erucae semen 13856. a *Fagara 2136: Ellen (Ellet) 1771. e *Ervum 1017, 1160, 2096 *Fagarastrum 2136 Eller 79 Eryngo 781 *Fagus 400. b *Ellisia 795, 1256, 1395 *Erysimum 74, 235, 561, Fair-maid-of-France 18. d, Elloopa 240. c 1860, 1873 1711. b ELM, species 2058 *Erythrina 1052 Fair-maids(-of-February) FElm 2085 Erythroxyli folia 787. a 857. a Elm, Bastard or False 422.2 Esche 845 Fair-maids-of-Kert 1711. b Elm, California Slippery Escherwurzel 673. a Fairies’-horse 1831. f 846. a Eseldistel 1440. a Fairies’-table 53. a Elm, Corkwood 714. b Eselsgurke (Eselskiirbiss) Fairy-bells 677. a Elm, Water 1610 724, a Fairy-cap 677. a Elm-bark 2058. e, f Esparcette 1437. a Fairy-cheeses 1270. a *Elodea 1566, 2022 Esparraguera 199. a Fairy-circle 1099. b lsenich 1554. d *Espeletia 231 Fairy-creeper 42. a Elshinder 1866. a Espen 1652 i Fairy-cup 1337. a Elshinder, Stinking 1831. f Essigrose 1743. d Fairy-fingers 677, a Eluteriae cortex 606. b Estragon 187. e Fairy-smoke 1356. a *Elytraria 2048 Ethuse 51. a Fairy-table 1033 *Elytrospermum 1809 Etnach 1099. b Fairy-thimbles 677. a *Emblica 1575 Ettle 2067. e Faham (Faam) 136. a *Emerus 577 Eucalyptus, U.S. P. 790. c Faitour’s-grass 803. ¢ Emetic-root 803. a Eucalyptusblatter 790. ¢ Fall-flower 206. f : *Empetrum 570 *EKugenuta 118, 491, 1086,1594 Fall-poison 479. a *Encelia 966 Euonymus, U.S. P. 801.b Fallkraut 183. a Encens 289. a *Euosmus 250 Fame-flower 1953, b Enchanter’s herb 2091. f Eupatoire des Grecs 59. a Fancy 2102. f Encino 1704. e Eupatoire perfoliée 802. i Farberginster 881, a Endive 494. a Eupatorium, U. S. P. 802.i Farberrdthe 1749. a Endive, Green 1125. f *Eupatorium 537,1117, 2119 Fdarbersaflor 391. a Endivie 494. b Euphorbium, P. G. 803..n Farfarae folia 2053. a *Endodeca 182 Euphraise 804. a Farkle berry 2075. a *Enemioa 1077 *EKuphrasia 1425 farmer’s-ruin 1884, a Enemy 133. g Euphrasy 804. a *Farnesia 7, d Engelsiiss 1643. a *Euryangium 828 Farnhaar 492. a, b Engelwurz 135. a *Euryanthe 102 Fat-hen 218. e, 464. a, d, g *Ensete 1367 *Eurybia 1481 Fat-hen 187.8, 329. a *Enslenia 104 *EKustylis 1394 ather-of-heath 765. ¢ Enulae radix 1062. a *EKutoca 1557 *Patsia 170, d, 728 Enzian 882 *Euxolus 91 Faulbaum 1668. m, 1721. g Enzian, ostindischer 1933, | Evans-root 885. b Faverel 778. a a *Evax 832, 989 Faverole 345. a Enzian, weisser 1139, a Ever-bramble 1750. g Fayberry 1782. i Epheu, amerikanischer Ever-fern 1643. a Feaberry 1732. i 1514. a Ever-green 1824. ¢ Feather-leaf, Indian 1992. » Epheu (gemeiner) 961. a Ever-white 121. a Feather-tree 583, b Epiaire 1900 Evergreen, Bunch 1240. ¢ Feather-weed 904. a Epicéa 2. a Evergreen, Christmas 1825. Featherfew 482. f *Epifagus 1170 b Featherfoil 1021 *Epilobium 456 Evergreen, Trailing 1240.e Febrifuge plant 482, f Epine vinette 251. e EVERLASTING, species 144 Federharz 1001. a *Epiphegus 1170 Everlasting 832, 904, 969. a, *Fedia 2078 Eppich 158. a 1792. b, 1824, 2 Feige, indische 1449. b. Epurge 803, ¢ Everlasting, Pearly 121.a Feigenbaum 831. a Equisteum majus 758. b Everlasting-grass 1437. a Feigenranunkel 830. a Equisetum minus 758. a Eve’s-cup 1787. a, b Feist (Foist) 1238. a Erdapfel 968. b _ Eve’s-darning-needle 2144.f Feldcupresse 63. a Erdartischocke 968. b Eve’s-thread 2144. a, f,976.b Feldgarbe 18. a Erdbeerbaum 172. b *Evodia 789 Feldkamille 1285. a Erdbeere 842 Ewe 1963. a Feldkiimmelkraut 1994. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. 427 Feldminze 1308, a Fern, Seaweed 1814. a Filbert, Indian 1779. c¢ Feldraute 850. a Fern, Sensitive 1488. a Filicula dulcis 1643. a Feldrose 1497, ¢ Fern, Shield 712 *Filipendula 1895, 2057 Feldthymian 1994. a Fern, Shruby (Fern bush) *Fillaea 786 Felon-grass 1058, a, 974. b 551. a Fillyfindillan 833 Felon-herb 187. s, 1005. f Fern, Silver 931 Filix-mas 712. b Felon-weed 1831. f Fern, Snake 1471, b, 1814. a Finger-berry 1750. p Felonwort 1058. a, 1867. j, Fern, Swamp 712. e Finger-flower 677. a 462. a Fern, Sweet 551. a Fingerhut 677. a Feltrike 783. a tFern, Sweet 1378. a Fingrigo 1604. a Feltwort 2090. b Fern, Tree 492, 622 Finkel (Fingel) 839. a Felwort 882. b tFern, Tree 1471. b Finzach 1641. d Female-dragon 345. a Fern, Wall 1643. a FIR, species 2 § Female-regulator 1831. a Fern, Water 434 {Fir 2096. a Femble (Fimble) Hemp Fern, White-oak 640. a Fir, Douglas 1674. a 370. a Fern, Windsor 1244. a Fir, Ground 1240, f Fen-berry 1476, b Fern, Wood 712. c,d, 1643.a Fir, Joint 752 Fen-rue 1976. b Fern-gale 551. a Fir, Red 1674, a Fenchel 839. a *Feronia 47 Fir, Scotch 1601. r Fenchelholz 1788. a Feronia gum 826. a Fir, Yellow 1674. a Feni greci semen 2034. a Ferry, Sweet 551. a Fir-rape 1046. a, 1170. a Fenigreek 2034. a *Ferula 1178, 1193, 1447,15'4 Fire-balls 1236. b Fennel 839. a Fetid-shrub 198. a Fire-cracker, Vegetable Fennel, Dog 802, d Fetter-bush 1592. b 307. a Fennel, Sea 599. a Fetter-foe 482. f Fire-grass 66. a Fennel, Water 1427, ¢ Fetthenne (Fette Henne) Fire-leaves 1611. d Fennel-flower 1411. a, b 1824. c Fire-top 456. a Fenouil 839. a, Fetticus 2078. a Fire-tree 1321. b Fenouil d’eau 1427. ¢ Feuerschwamm 1644. a Fire-weed 760. a, 1174. a, Fenouil faux 1978. a Féve de Calabar 1582, a 1611. d Fenouil puant 134. a Féve de Ste. Ignace 1923.b +Fire-weed 649. b, c, 1125.a, Fenugrec (Fenugrek) 2034.a Féve igasurique 1923. b 1831. a Fenugreek (Fenugreck) Féve pichurim 1390. a, b Fire-weed, Purple 456. a 2034, a Fever-bark, Australian 85.a Firnissbaum 69. a Fern, Adder’s 1445 Fever-bush 1053. h, 250.a Fischkérner 117. a tFern, Adder’s 1643. a Fever-bush, California 869.2 Fischleim gummi 1530. a Fern, Basket 712. b Fever-plant 1436. a, 1423.c —-Fish-berries 117. a Fern, Beech 1561. a Fever-root 568. a Fish-leaves 1657. a Fern, Black-oak 204, a Fever-root (Feverwort) Fish-mouth 463. a Fern, Bottle 640. a 2037. a Fish-poison 590. b, c, 50. d Fern, Bristle 2028 Fever-tree 1597. a lish-wood 801. a Fern, Brittle 640. a Fever-twig 421. a, 1867. j *Fistula 409 Fern, Caterpillar 1814. a Fever-weed 647. a, 781. b, Fitch, Medick 1437. a Fern, Chain 2126 2091. d Fitch, of Seripture 1411, b Fern, Christmas 712. a Feverfew 482. f Fit-root 1356. a Fern, Cinnamon 1471l.a tFeverfew 59. a, 783. a Five-finger 1658. ¢c, f, 1514.8 Fern, Climbing 1244. a Feverfew, American 1513. b Five-finger, Marsh 547, a Fern, Ditch 1471. b Feverfew, Bastard 1513. a Five-fingered root 1427. a Fern, Female 204. b, 712. e Feverfew, Corn 1285. a Five-fingers 1443. b Fern, Filmy 2028 Feverwort 802. i Five-sisters 1249. b Fern, Finger 1814. a Féves du Mexique 1954.a Fizbo 1238 a Fern, Flower-cup 2125 Fichte 2. a Fliachskraut 1205. a Fern, Flowering 1471 Ficus infernalis 618. a Flachslilie 1573. a Fern, Fragrant 712. e Ficus passa 831. a Flachssamen 1208. b Fern, Gold 931 Fiddle 651.a Flag, Blue 1063. esp. g Fern, Hare’s-foot 2028. a Fiddle-grass 755. a Flag, Cat-tail 2055. a Fern, Hartford 1244. a Fiddle-heads 1471. a Flag, Corn 1068. e, 891, b Fern, Holly 712. a Fiddle-wood 504 Flag, Myrtle 26. a Fern, King 1471. b Fieberklee 1310. a Flag, Poison 1068. d, g Fern, Lace 461, a Field-madder, Blue 1840. a Flag, Rattlesnake 781. a Fern, Lady 204. b . Fieldwort 145. b Flag, Sweet 26 - Fern, Male 712. b Fig 831 Flag, Sword 1068. e Fern, Marsh 712. e Fig, Adam’s 1367. ¢ a Ry ; , ; Flag, Water 1068. g Fern, Meadow 712. e Fig, Barbary 1449. a Flas. White 1068. a {Fern, Meadow 551. a, Fig, Country 1784. a Fl 8 Yellow 1068 1375. c Fig, Devil’s 180. b Wniae oeniet te Fern, Moss 1643. a Fig, Diamond 1316. a Vlatibe 108k Fern, Oak 1561. b Fig, Hottentot’s 1316. b — i Fern, Ostrich 1438. b Fig, Indian 1449. a, b Flannel-leaf 2090, b Fern, Parsley 1957. a Fig, Wild 523. a Flamy 2102. f Fern, Petty 204. a Figue de Barbarie 1449, » =‘ Klap-dook (Flop-dock)677.a Fern, Quill 712. e Figuier 831. a Flatter-dock 1657. a Fern, Regal 1471. b FIGWORT, species 1820 Flat-top 2093. a Fern, Royal 1471, b *Filago 886 FLax, species 1208 Fern, Rue 204. ¢ Filaree 777. a Flax, Devil’s 1205, a Fern, Scale (Scaly) 441.a Filberd (Filbeard) 579. ¢ Flax, Dutch 361. a Fern, Scented 1957. a Filbert 579. ¢ Flax, False 361, 1168. c 428 GENERAL INDEX. Flax, Mountain 783. a, *Fourcroya 852 Frost-weed 967. a 1638. h *Fouquiera 841 Frostwort 967. a, 1711. f Flax, New Zealand 1573.a Four-leaved grass 15)l. a *Fucus 477, 943, 1889 Flax, Spurge 644. a, ¢ Four-o’clock 1335. a Fucus irlandicus 477, a Flax, Wild 1205, a. 361. a tFour-o’clock 1436, a *Fugosia 496 TFlax, Wild 571. a Four-toes 144. b Fuh-ling 1238. b Flax-drop 620. a Fox-berry 1336. a Fuller’s herb 1781, a Flax-tail 2055, a Fox-feet 1240. g Fuller’s-weed 686. a Flax-vine 620. a Fox-grape 1501. a Fulwa butter 240. a Flaxweed 1205. a Fox-poison 644. b *Fumaria 262 Fleabane 1691. a Fox-tail 1240. a Fumeterre 850. a Fleabane. Canada 1174. a Fox-tongue 18i4. a Fumitory 850. a Fleabane, Daisy- 768 FoxGLOVE 677 +Fumitory 262. a Fleabane, Salt-marsh1619.a +Foxglove 1585. b, 1787. b, | Fumitory, Bulbous 372. ¢, Fleabane, Spicy 1619, a 1964, a 46 a Fleabane-mullet 1691. a Foxglove,’ American 647,a Fumitory, Climbing 42. a Flea-seed 1611. f. Foxglove, Blue 362. f Fumeterre bulbeuse 372. ¢ Fleawort 169!. a, 1611. f, Foxglove, False 647 Finffiingerkraut 1658. f 1831. g Foxglove, Lousewort 1523.a Fungus cervinus 737. a tFleawort 863. i, 1062. b Foxglove, Mullen 42. a Fungus chirurgorum 1238. a Fleawort, Marsh 1831. j Foxglove, West Indian Fungus, Elder 814. a Fleckstorchschnabel 883. a 1585. ¢ Fungus, Fly 90. a Fleischleim gummi 1530.a Foxglove, White 362. d Fungus sambuci 814. a Fleur-de-lis 1068. b, g *Fragaria 715 Furze (Furzen, Furrys) Flieder 1771. e Fragon épineux 1755. a 2056 a Fliegenholz 1590. a, 1703. a Fraisier 842. d Furze. Dyer’s 881. a Fliegenpilz 90. a Fr mboise 1750. h Fuze, French 2056. a Fliegenschwamm 90. a *Franciscea 317 Furze, Great 2056. a Flirtwort 482. f Frangipane (Frangipanni) ~Furze, Ground 1439. a Flix 1208. b 1621. a Furze-ball 1238. a Flix-weed 685, a, 1873. a *Frangula 1721 Fusain 801. c Floating-heart 1197. a Frangula, U.S. P. 1721. g *Fusanus 1776 Flohkraut 1691. a *Franka 843 Fuss-ball (Fuzz-ball) 1238, a Flohsamen 1611. f Frankincense 289. a, d, Fussblattwurzel 1625. a Floramor 91 a,d_ 2a, 1601.1, 1929..e Fustic, American 509. a Flores anthelminticae 941 a *Franseria 854 Fustic, Old 472. a Floribunda (Floriponda) Franzosenholz 919. a, b Fustic, Young 583. b 649. a Frasier en arbre 172. b Futterklee 2082. f Florida bark 1597. a Frauenbiss 1973. b Fuzz 2056. a Flors-seave 774 Frauendistel 1280. a Fuzzy-guzzy 904. a Flos africanus 1951. a Frauenhaar 40 Gachelkraut 18. a Flos cuculi 379. ¢ Frauenmantel 65. b Gadrise 2095. d Flowan 145. b Frauenminze 482. a Gag-root 1217. b Flower de luce 1068 Frauenshuhwurz 636. d,ete Gage, Green 1668. h Flower-gentle 91. a, d Fraxinella, White 673. a Gagel 1375. ¢ Flower-of-an-hour 1003. i Fraxinellae radix 673. a Gaglee 189. a Fiower-of-gold 1869 Fraxinelle 1639. ¢c Gaiac wood 919, a, b Flower-of-paradise 1148.a Freisamkraut 2102. f Gainier 436. a Fluellin 740, 1554, c, 2094. f *Fremontia 846 Gait-berry 1750. g Fluxweed 1070 - French berries 1721. h Gaiter tree 801. c, 2096. d Fly-poison 479. a French-grass 1679. i *Galactodendron 315 Fly-trap 1787. a, b, 160. a French-nut 1096. d, 400. ¢ Galam butter 240. d Flybane 90. a Fréne 845 *Galanga 82 Foal-foot 2053. a, 194. f Fréne é6pineux 2136. c, e Galanga minor 82. b Foam-flower 1997. a Frez 2056. a Galanga officinal 82. b Foehre 1601 r Friar’s-cap 2%, esp. i Galangal (Galangale) 82 Foeniculum, U0. 8. P. 839. a Friar’s-cowl 25 esp. i, 189.2 Galaxy 858. a Feniculum aquaticum Frigolito 1874. b Galban 828. c 1427. ¢ Fringe, American 469. a Galbanum 828. c,d, e *Foenum-Grecum 2034 Fringe, Mountain or Wood Gale, Fern 1375. c *Foetotaxus 2050 42. a Galé odorant 1375. e Fog-fruit 1209 Fringe, Purple 583. b Gale, Sweet 1375. ¢ Fon (Fone) 1830. a Frivge, White 459. a *Galega 590 Forbidden-fruit 506. g, Fringe-cup 1337, a Galeopside 861 1946. ¢c Fringe-tree 469 Galeopsidis herba 861. b Fordboh 620 Fringe-tree, False 583. b Galingale (Galangal) 635, d Forefather’s-eup 1787. b Fringed Orchis 938. c,d, e,g Galipot tree 2. a *Forestiera 34 Frog-grass 1763. a *Galipea 621 Forget-me-not 1373, 2094. d Frog-leaf 302. a Gall-berry 1053. i }tForget-me-not 63. a, 1634.c Frog-plant 1824. c Gall bush 1375. ¢ Forget-me-not, White 1453 Frog’s-bladder 1824. c Gall-of-the-earth 1381. ¢, Forget-me-not, White 77 Frog’s-mouth 1824. ¢ 1684. a Forget-me-not, Wild 1022.a Frogwort 1711. f Gall-weed #882. f Forks-and-knives 1240. a Fréschloffel 72 a Galla (quercina) 1704. n *Forsteronia 2012 Frost-blite 464, a Gallee rose 1743. a ; Fortune-teller 1959, a Frost-flower 206 Gallant 133. g Fougére male 712. b Frost-plant 967. a Gallapfel 1704. n NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, Galle de chéne 1704. n Gallindrinera 803, m Gallion 863. a Gallipot 1601. j Galloc 1937. a Gallon 1548. a Gallow-grass 370. a Galls 1704. n Galls, Atlee 1955, a Galls, Tamarisk 1955, a Galls, White 1575. b Gallwort 1205. a Galphimia 1991 Galuncha 2003. a Gamander, Edler 1973. b Gamanderlein 1973. b Gambir (Gambier) 1473. a +Gambir 7. b, 1 Gamboge 867. a Gamboge, American 2106. a Gambogia 867. a Gandelbeere 2075. e Gandergoose 1450. d Gandoo 751. a Gang-flower 1638. p Ganjah 370. a *Gansblum 778 Gidnsedistel 1871. b Gansefuss, weisser 464. a Gdnsekresse 329. a Gdnserich 1658. a Garab tree 1652. h Garance 1749, a Garb 1764, d Garbe 3892. b Garclive 59. a Garden-gate 2102. f Garden-plague 48, a Gardener’s-eye 1236. ¢ Garentoquen 1493. b Garget 1585. b Garget root 974. a Garlic (Garlete) 76. e +Garlic 1973. e Garlic, Bear’s 76. h Garlic, Clive 76. f. Garlic, Crow 76. j Garlic, Cow 76. j Garlic, Field 76. j Garlic, Hedge 74 Gartic, Hog’s 76. h Garlic, Meadow 76. b Garlic, Rush 76. f Garlic shrub 265. a Garlic, Wild 76. b, j Garlic, Wood 19738. e Garlicwort 74. a Garnet-berry 1732. h Garou 644, a Garrgbo 432. a Gartenkerbel 148. b Gartenlattich 1125. d Gartenlauch 76. e Gartenraute 1756, a Gartensalad 1125, d Gartenschierling 51. a Gartenthymian 1994, b Garth, Garden 1168 e Gaskins 1668. e, 1732. i *Gasteria 80. g *Gatesia 2143 Gatten 801. c, 2095. d Gatteridge 801. ¢ Gauchheil 116. a Gaude 1717. a Gaulthérie 870. b *Gaura 1910 Gay-feather 1124. a, b Gay-wings 1638, c Gayuba 176. f Gean 1668. e Gebarmutterswurzel 182. e Geckdor 863 Geiger tree 2085. d Geisblatt 1222. a Geisraute 860. a Geissbart 2057. a Gelbbeeren 1721. h Gelbkraut 1717. a Gelbsuchtwurzel 619, ¢ Gilbwurz, kanadisches 1032. a Gelsemie 878. a Gem-fruit 1997. a Gemsblume 183. a Génépi blane 18. b Genét a balais 641. b Genévrier commun 1099. b Genip tree 880. a Genipap (Genipapo) 880. a Genipi vrai 187. h Genipp, weisser 187. h Genippkraiiter 18. b *Genista 641, 1882 Genistae flores 641. b Genson 2087. a GENTIAN, species 882 +Gentian, Blue 1070 Gentian, Fringed 882. a, j Gentian, Horse 2037. a Gentian, Snake 1381. ¢ Gentian, Spurred 1969. a Gentian, White 1139. a, 2037, a Gentian, Yellow 844. a *Gentiana 783, 1758, 1933 Gentiana alba 1139, a Gentiana lutea 882. b Gentiana major 882. b Gentiana rubra 882. b Gentiane jaune 882. b Gentleman‘s-cane 1641. m *Geoffrea (Geoffroya) 2110 Georgia bark 1597. a GERANIUM, species 1526,883 *Geranium 777 Geranium, Beefsteak 1792. a Geranium, Feather 464, e Geranium, Fox 883. b Geranium, Indian 129. d Geranium, Mint 482. a Geranium, Mountain 883. b Geranium, Poor-man’s 1792. a Geranium, Rose 1526. b, ¢ Geranium, Spotted 88%. a Geranium, Strawberry 1792. a Geranium, Turnpike 464. e Gerard, Herb 48. a *Gerardia 52, 647 Gerardia, Bushy 647. a Geratacica 317. a Gerberstrauch 574. a GERMANDER, species 1973 Germander, Wall 1973. b Germander, Wild 1973. f Germandrée aquatique 1973. e Germandrée Chamedrys 1973 b Germandrée maritime1973.¢ Germer,. griiner 2089, bj Germer, weisser 2089. a 429 *Geroe 966 Gerste 1019 Gertwurz 187. a Gervao 2079. a Geschwiirwurzel 1634, ¢ Geslings 1764, e Gesse 1141. i Gesundheitskrauter 861. b Gethsemane 1450. d Gewiirz, englisches 1594. b Gewiirznelken 796. a Gherkin (Gerkin) 613. ¢ Ghost-flower 1356. a Giant tree 1832. b Gichtbeere 1782. e Gichtrose 1488. b Gichtriibe 320. b Giftbaum 1730. h Giftheil 619. e Gift-Jasmin 878. a Gift-Lattich 1125. f Gift-Sumac 1730. h Giftwende 630. b Giftwurz 630. b Giftwurzel 698. a, b Giftwiitherich 495. ¢ *Gigalobium 751 *Gigantabies 1832 *Gigantochloa 232, o *Gigartina 1889 Gilbkraut 881. a Gilb wurzel 619. c, d GILDCUPS, species 1711 *Gilea 540, 1134, 1204, 1389 Gill-ale 894 a Gill-cup 1711. f Gill-over-the-ground 894, a Gill-run 894. a *Gillenia 1655 Gilliflower, Uarnation 664.a Gilliflower, Clove 664. a Gilliflower, Cuckoo 1236. d Gilliflower, Dame’s 990, a Gilliflower, Marsh 1236. d Gilliflower, Mock 1781. a Gilliflower, Night-scented 990. a Gilliflower, Queen’s 990. a Gilliflower, Rogue’s 990. a Gilliflower, Sea 1903. a Gilliflower, Turkey 1951. a Gilliflower, Water 1021 Gilliflower, Winter 990. a Gillon 2105. a Gimlet-wood 790. aa Gingembre 2152. a *Gisopteris 1244 GINGER, varieties 2152, a, b +Ginger 1824. a Ginger, Chinese 82. b Ginger, Garden 673. a Ginger, Green 167. s Ginger, Indian 194, a Ginger, Wild 194. a, e +Ginger, Wild 182. Ginger-grass 129, a, d Ginger-leaf 763. a Ginger-plant 1957. a Ginger-sauce 1753. a Gingerbread tree 1044, a, 1500. a Gingili 1837. a Gingko tree 889. a Ginseng 1493. a, b *Ginseng 1493 Ginseng, Blue 413. a Ginseng, Horse 2037. a_ 430 Ginseng, White 2037. a Ginseng, Yellow 413. a Giroflier 796. a *Gisopteris 1244 Gith (Git) 1411. b Gith (Gye) 6l.a Glaciale 1316. a Glaieul bleu 1068. g Glauce 893. a Glandes quercus 1704. q *Grandularia 2091 Glaskraut 1499. a Glasschmalz 1763 Glasswort 1767. b Giasswort, Common 1763. a Glasswort, Jointed 1763 a Glasswort, Prickly 1767. a Glidewort 861. a *Gleditschia 895 *Glehnia 1562 Glenn-weed 1168. c Globe-berry 1963. a Globe-tlower 2048. a, b Globe-flower, Mountain 428. a Glockenblume 166. b, 362. b Glockenwurzel 1062. a Gloden 968. a *Gloiopeltis 877. b Gloryless 46. a Glésen 881. a Glouteron 174. a, b Glouteron, Petit 2131. b *Glyce 1112 *Glycine 4, a, 157, 823, 1115, 1731 Glycyrrhiza hispanica 902.b Gnadenkraut 914. a Gnaphalii flores 144. a *Gnaphalium 121, 144, 886, 1164, 1683 . Gnavelle 1810. a Go-to-bed-at-noon 2016. b Goa powder 2110. a Goapulver 2110. a Goat-leaf 1222. a Goat’s-beard 45, 190 Goat’s-beard, False 207. a Goat’s-beard, Purple 2016.a Goat’s-beard, Yellow 2016.b Goat’s-rue 590. d Goatweed 1905. a, 48. a 'God-tree 420. a Godes-eie 1769. d God’s-eye 2094. d Goggles 1732. i Gogo 751. a Golandrina 803. m Gold 968. a Gold, Vegetable 1541. a Gold-and-silver plant 1234.a Gold-bloom 344. a Gold-chain 1824. a Gold-knops 1711. ¢ Gold-thread 567 Gold-weed 1711. d Golden-ball 2043. a, b Golden-blossom 1658. f Golden-bough 1572. a Golden-chain 641. a Golden-club 1463. a Golden-cup 830. a Golden-flower 482. g Golden-glow 1751. b Golden-guineas 830. a Golden-Jerusalem 1751. a Golden-locks 1643. a GENERAL INDEX. Golden-locks, Jamaica 168'.b GOLDEN-ROD, species 1869 Golden-rod, Bushy 809, b Golden-rod, False 300 Golden-rod, Fragrant 809 Golden-rod, Ray less 476, 489 Golden-rod, Flap-top 809. b Golden-seal 1032. a +Golden-seal 2076. a Golden-shower 641. a, 409. b Golden-star 488. a Golden-tuft 1683 b Goldenpert 914. ¢ Goldicup 1711. ¢ Goldilocks 1649. a, 1711. e Golding 344. a Goldmilz 487. a Goldregen 641. a Goldruthe 1869. b Goldy-harefoot 885. d | Gomme adragante 208. f,ete Gomme ammoniaque 697. a Gomme arabique vraie 7. k Gomme-gutte 867. a Gommart 330. a *Gomphocarpus 1802, 1868 *Gonolobus 1282, 2101 *Gonopyrum 1640 Good-bye-summer 206 Good King Henry 464. d Good-morning Spring 513. a, b *Goodyera 1538 Gools 355. a Goose-gogs 1732. i Goose-grass 863. a, 1641. d, 1658. a_ Goose-grass, Great 200. a Goose-tongue 18. d, 1302. a GOOSEFOOT, species 464 GOOSEBERRY, species 1732 +Gooseberry 2075. a, n Gooseberry, Barbados 1540.a Gooseberry, Cape 1578. b, e Gooseberry, Star 1575. a Gooseberry, Tahiti 1575. a Gooseberry, West Indian 1540. a Gooseberry-pie 755. a Gooseberry-shrub 1540. a Goosechite 59. a Gopher-plant 803. g Gopher-root 483. b Gopher-wood 509. a Gordolobo 18. a *Gorinkia 561 Gorse 2056. a Gorse, Hen 1439. a Gorst 1099. b, 2056. a Gosling 1693. a Gosling-grass 863. a Gosmore 1045 - Goss (Gost) 2056. a Gétterbaum 62. b Gottesgabwurz 630. b Gottesgnadenkraut 914. a Goud 1071. a Gouet 189. a Gouet a trois feuilles 181. b Goule (Goyle) 1375. ¢ GounrD, varieties 1126. a +Gourd 614. b, d Gourd, Bitter 505. b Gourd, Dish-cloth 1232. a Gourd, Missouri 614. a Gourd, Towel 1232 Gourd, Washing 1232, a Gout-weed (Goutwort) 48. esp. a +Gout-weed 135.¢ Gouty-stem tree 32. b Gowan 2053. a Gowan, Ewe or May 248. a Gowan, Horse 1959. a, 482.¢e Gowan, Meadow or Open 355. @ Gowan, Milk 1959. a Gowan, Sheep’s 2032. g Gowan, Witch 1959. a Gowan, Yellow 1711. c, 1959. a Gowan, Water 355. a Gowans, Ling 1005. f Gowk’s-thumbs 362. b Gowlan 248. a, 344.a Gozelle 1732. i Graine de Tilly 606. h Graines d’ambrette 1003. a Graines d’ Avignon 1721. h Graines de puces 1611. f Grains, Guinea 101. g Gram 493, a Gram, Green 1560. ¢ Gram, White 900. a Grama 60. a Gramfer-greygles 1450. d Graininis dactyli radix 376.a Graminis rhizoma (radix) 60. a Graumontsamen 614. d Grana actes 1771. e Grana moschata 1003. a Grana paradisi 101. d, g Grana regia majora 803. g Granadilla (Grenadilla) 1515. f, ete Granatbaum 1694. a Grauati cortex 1694. a Granatill 606. h *Granatum 1694 Granny-threads 1711. h Granny oy ae 133. g, 166 Grantogen 1493. b GRAPE, species 2108 Grape, Bear’s 176. b Grape, False 1514. a Grape, Hedge 320. b Grape, vreeoe 251. d Grape, Rocky Mountain 251. d Grape, Sea-(or Salt-) 1767.a Grape, Sea-side 526. b Grape-fern 290 Grape-fruit 506. Grape-root 251. p Grape-tree 526. b Grapewort 27. a,c Grapnel plant 953. a Grapple plant 953. a: Grasette 1824. ¢ Grass 199. a Grass, Blue-eyed 1861 Grass, Cuba 1876. a Grass, Egyptian 1876. a Grass, Guinea 1876. a Grass, Johnson 1876. a Grass, Means’ 1876. a Grass, Star-eyed 181. a Grass, Sweet-scented 147. a Grass, Sweet 2i.a — Grass-flower 1861. a, 513. a, b ud NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Grass-tree 2133. b Grass-weed 2158. a Grass-wrack 2158. a Grasswurzel 60. a Grateron 863. a Gratia Dei 914. a *Gratiola 1350 Gratiole 914, a _Gravel-grass 363. a Gravel plant 754. a Gravel-root (Indian) 802. j Gravel-weed 1442. a, 676. a Graveyard-weed 803. b Gray-beard 514. d Gray-beard tree 469. a Green, Kendall 881. a Green, Sap 1721. d Green-arrow 18. a GREEN-BRIER, species 1865. m,n, 0 Green-Dragon 181. a Green-sauce 1475. a, 1753. b Green-weed 881. a Greenheart tree 1390. c Greenwithe 2083 Grease-wood 1783 *Greggia 1508 Grénadier 1694. a Grenadine 664. a Greycles 1450. d Grieswurzel 475. a Grig 350. a Grim-the-collier 1005. a Grindelia, U. S. P. 918. a, b Grindwurzel 1753. e Grinsel 1831. g Griotte 1668. g Grip, Grip-grass 863. a, b Gromwell, Corn 1214. a Gromwell, Galse 1442. a Groober (Grouber) 168. a Groonwood 881, a Groseille 1732. i Grosellier 1ouge 1732. h *Grossularia 1732 Ground-apple 145. c +Ground-ash 135. a,c Ground-berry 870. b Ground-bread 625. a GROUND-CHERRY, species 1578 +7Ground-elder 135. a Ground-festoon 1240, b Ground-hele 2094. f Ground-needle 777. b Ground-nut 157. a, 168. a Ground-nut, Dwarf 1493. ¢ Ground-pine 1240. a, b +Ground-pine 63, 1973. a Ground-vine 1207. a Groundie-swallow 1831. g GROUNDSEL, species 1831. esp. g Groundsel tree 226. a Groundsel, Balsam 1831. ¢ Grouse-berry 870. b Grozet (Grosserts) 1732.i Grundheil 2094. f Grundy-swallow 1831. a Grunnut 559. a +Grunsel 1959, a *Guadua 232. p Guaiac 919. a, b *Guaiacum 1653 bebe pace 419. a, b Guallacan tree 919. a *Gualtheria 870 Guamuchil 1¢08. a Guarana 1518. a Guava, species 1675 Guava, Chilian 1380. e Guayeuru 1202. b Gujara 1530. a Guelder-rose, Maple 2095. h Guelder-rose, Wild 2095. d Guelder-rose 2095. d Guérit-tout 539. b Gueule de lion 151. a Gueule de loup 151. a Guaxima 2065. a Gui de chéne 2105. a *Guilandina 338, 930, 1360 Guild tree 251. e Guilty-cup 1711. c Guimauve 87,a Guinea grains 101. g Guinea-hen flower 847. c Guinea-hen weed 1850. a Gulancha 2003. a Gulf-weed 849. a Gull-grass 863 Gumbo 1003. ¢ Gum, Alk 1605. e Gum Anime 2086. a Gum Arabic 7. a, ete Gum Arabic, East Indian 826, a Gum Arabic tree, Egyptian 7.2 Gum, Australian 7. ¢ Gum, Balata 1334. d Gum, Barbary 7. a Gum, Black-boy 2133. a Gum, Bassora 1912. d Gum, Butea 331. a Gum, Cape 7. h Gum, Cedar 417. b Gum Chagual 1695. a Gum Chicle 1334 d Gum, Doctor |362. a Gum elastic 324. a Gum ,Gedda(Jidda)7. See(o) Gum, Hashabi 7. under (0) Gum Hog 1362. a +Gum, Hog 208. f Gum, Kordofan 7.under (0) Gum, Kuteera 1912. d Gum, Mesquit 1664. a Gum, Mogador 7. a Gum, Morocco 7. a Gum, Red 1210. b Gum, Savakln 7. e Gum, Sennaar (Sennari) 7. under (0) Gum, Suakin (Suak) 7. e Gum, Sweet 1210. b Gum Talha (Talca) 7. e Gum, Tor 7. under (0) Gum tragacanth 208. f. ete Gum Tuno 1334. d Gum, Turic 7. under (0) Gum, Turkey 7. under (0) Gum, Wattle 7. ¢ Gum, White 1210. b Gum plant 918,772. a, 1937.a Gum-top tree 790, bb Gum-tree 790 Gum (tree), Black 1421. a,¢ Gum-tree, Cotton 142l. a Gum-tree, Grass 2133. b Gum-tree, Red 1210. b Gum (tree), Sour 1421. a, e Gum (tree), Tupelo 1421. a Gum (tree), Yellow 1421. c 431 Gum-wax 1210. b Gumbo limbo 330, a Gummi arabicum 7. k, etc Gummi elasticum 1001. a Gummi-gutt 867. a Gummi gettania 1490. a Gummi gutta 2106. a Gummi plasticum 1490. a Sun-bright 758. b Gundelkraut (Gundling) 1994. a Gundelreben 894. a Gunjah (Guaza) 370. a Giinsel 63. a Giinsel, goldner 63. ¢ Gunyang 1867. h Guraji spice 101. e Guranham bark 1228. ¢ Gurjun balsam 687. a, etc Gurke 613. ¢ Guru (Gourou, Gooroo) 533. a Gut-weed 1871. a *Gutierrezia 2132 Gutta gamba 867. a Gutta Gambir 1473. a Gutta-gum tree 2106, a Gutta percha 1490. a Gutta-taban 1490. a Gutter tree 576. i Gutti 867. a Gye 863 *Gymnadenia 938 *Gymnopsis 1811 *Gymnandra 1129, 2128 Gypsie-weed 1242! Gypsophyll 955 Gypsy-combs 686. b Gypsy-flower 633. a Gypsy-herb 1242. b Gypsywort 1242 *Gyromia 1290 Haarstrangkraut 1554. b *Habranthus 2150 *Habzelia 2140 ~ Hackberry 422. a Hack-berry 1658. m Hackmatac (Hackmack) 1138. a Hackmatack 1138. a, 1099. Hafer-corn 221. a : Haferkiimmel 615. a Haferschlehe 1668. q Hag-berry 1668. m Hag-weed 646. b Hagebutten 17438. a Hagedorn 592. a Habnenfuss 1711. ¢ Hail-weed (Hair-weed) 620 Hainberry 1750. h Hair-fern 40.b Hairhoof, Sweet 201. b Hairhound 230. a Hairif 863. a Hairstrong 1554. b, d Hairy-bind 620 Hala 1495. a Halacacabi baceae 1578. a Hale-bind 620 Hale-nut (Halse, Haul) 579. c *Halesia 1344, 1969 *Halidrys 849 Halish 370. a Halse 2058. e Hamamelidis folia 944. a Hamamelis 944. a 432 *Hamamelis 840 *Hamiltonia 1698 Hammerwort 1499. b Hanchinol 963. a Handsome Harry 1724. a Hanf 370. a Hanf, canadischer 160. b Hanf indianischer 160. b Hanfnessel 861. a Han-ge 1598. a Hanger 1131. a *Haplopappus 10, etc Harbinzger-of-spring 767. a Hard-iron 218. e Hard-hack 539. b Hardhack 1895. d, 1658. d +Hardhack 1472. a Hardhack, Purple 1895. d Hardhack, Spice 1895. c,d Hardock 174. a, b Hare’s-bane 25. g Hare’s-beard 2090. b Hare’s-ear 327. a, 561. a Hare’s-foot 2032. ¢ Hare’s-palace 1871. b, ¢ Hare’s-tail 774. a Harebell 1808. a Harebell (Hair-bell) 362. b Harebur 174. a, b Haricot 1560. e Harif 2057. a Harnkraut 466. b *Harpalyce 1381 Harra (Harr nuts) 322. d Hartberry 2075. a Hartheu 10438. b Hart’s-balls 737. a Hart’s-eye 1516. a Hart’s-thorn 1721. d Hart’s-tongue 1814. a Hartshorn bush 1471. b Hartshorn-plant 1693. a Harvest-bells 882. g Harvest-lice 59. a Harz, burgunder 2, a Haselwurz 194 f Hasenklee 1475. a Hasenobr 327. a Hasenpappelkraut 1270. ¢ Hasel 579 Hashish 370. a Haskwort 362. f Haspen 1642. i Hathorn (Haythorn) 592 Haugh-nut 168. a Haules (Hoils) 1019 Hauslauch 1830. a Hauswurzel 1830. a Haver 221. a Haw, species 592 Haw, Apple or May 592. b Haw, Black 2095. e +Haw, Black 324, a, 2095. c, f, g Haw, Possum 2095. 1, 1053.¢ Haw, Shawnee 2095. 1 Hawk-berry 1668. e Hawk-feet 166. b Hawk-nut 559. a Hawkbit 1005 +Hawkbit 1163 Hawk’s-beard 594 Hawkweed 1005 Haws 221. a HAWTHORN, species 592 Hawthorn, Laurel 997. a Hay-hove 894. a GENERAL INDEX. Hay-maids 894. a Hay-plant 201. b Haycocks 1205. a Hayo 787. a Hazel, Black 1472. a Hazel, Snapping 944. a Hazel, Witch 944. a f¢Hazel, Witch 1875. d, 2058. e Hazel nut 579 Hazelwort 194, f +He-Balsam 1587. b He-Broom 641. a He-Holly 1053. a He-Huckleberry 637. a He-Oak 405 Headache 1497. a, b, c +Headache 379. ¢ Headache-plaot 1693. a Headsmap 1611. b - Headwark 1497. ¢ Heal-all 1667. a, 1820. b, ¢ +Heal-all 521. a, 539. b, 938. h, 1824. h Heal-all, High 1523. a Heal-bite 88. a Heal-dog 88. a Healing-blade 1611. c, 1830. a Healing-herb 1937. a, 1611 d Heart-leaf 194, c,d,e jHeart-leaf 1291. a Heart-of-the-earth 1667. a -Heart-seed 380. a Heart-weed 1641. n Hearts 1475. a jHeart’s-ease 1641, a, n Heart’s-ear 1641. n Hearvt’s-pansy 2102. f Heartsease 2102 f Heartwort 182, 1300. b HEATH (Heather) 765, 350 *Heath 1026. b, 1955. b Heath, Black-berried 747. a Heath, Mountain 1576 Heath-aster, White 206. c Heath-bell 362. b Heaht-berry 747. a Heather, Beach 1026. Heat her, False 1026. Heather, Monox 747. Heather, Silver 1649. Heavenward tree 62. *Hebradendron 867 Heck-berry 1668. m Heck-how 555 a *Hedeoma 1636 *Hedera 1514 Hedere gummi 961. a Hederich 1860. a Hedge-bedstraw 863. f Hedge-bells 563. a, ¢ Hedge-burs, Wild 863. a Hedge-hog 1796. a Hedge-hyssop 1350 Hedge-maids 894. a +Hedge-mustard 1873. a Hedge-nettle 1900. a Hedge-peak 1743. a Hedge-picks 1668. q Hedge-plant 2011. a Hedge-taper 209(. b Hedge-thorn 592. a, d Hedge-weed 1860, a *Hedyosmos 616 *Hedyotes 1429 *Hedyotis 1022 oP Oo i 49,1179, 1294, 1679 Heideckerwurzel 1658. g Heidelbeere 2075, a Heil 101. e Heil-aller-Schaden 1774. a, 20 94. f Heil-aller-Welt 59. a Heiligegeistwurzel 135. a Heilkraut 982. b Heinrich, guter 464. d Helenii radix 1062. a *Helenium 964 Helft 65. b Helfringwort 63. ¢ *Helianthus 231, 263 *Heliosciadium 158 HELIOTROPE 973. esp. a ° Heliotrope, Hardy 2077. c Heliotrope, Summer 2077.fc *Helipterum 968. c Hell-bind 620 Hell-root 1459. a Hell-weed 620, 1711. d Helleboraster 974. a HELLEBORE, species 974 Hellebore, American 2089. b Hellebore, Bastard 756. a, b, 209. a Hellebore, Black 974. b +Hellebore, Black 20%. a Hellebore, Big 2089. b Hellébore blane 2089. a Hellebore, False 44. c +Hellebore, False 2089 Hellebore, Fetid 1883. a Hellebore, Green 2089. b Helléboce, noir 974 b Hellebore, Swamp 2089. b: Hellebore, White 2089. a Hellebore, Winter 759. a Helleborine 756. a, b *Helleborus 567, 759 Helleborus albus 2089, a Helm 2058. d Helmet-flower 1821. 25 Helmet-pod 1093. a *Helmintha 1591 Helminthochorton 1889. a *Helminthochortus 1889 *Helogyne 1010 *Helonias 193, 455, 1907, 2089 Helxine 1499. b Hemidesmi radix 977 a Mts pas 356, 425, 654, 01 *Hemizonella 951 HEMLOCK, species 2046 tHemlock 135. a ' Hemlock, Creeping 1963. ¢ Hemlock, Dwarf 1963. ¢ Hemlock, Lesser 51. a Hem!ock, Mountain 2046, b Hemlock, Poison 555, a +Hemlock, Poison 495. b Hemlock, Small 5!. a HEMLOCK, WATER 495 Hemlock, Water 1427 Hemlock, Wild 495. b Hemlock-chervil 148. a’ Hemlock-spruce, False 1674 Hemlock-tree 2046 a, 1674.b — tree, Western 2046. Hemony 59. a Hemp 370. a } NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Hemp, Albany 2068. a Hemp, American 160. b Hemp, American 6. a Hemp, Bastard 802.c, 86l.a ir Bengal or Bombay dD. & Hemp, Bowstring 33 +Hemp, Bowstring 354. a Hemp, Canadian 169, b Hemp, Colorado 1838. a Hemp, Indian 370. a +Hemp, Indian 6. a Hemp, Indian, Black 160, b Hemp, Madras 605 a Hemp, Manila 1367. e Hemp, New Zealand 1473. a Hemp, Queensland 1847. a Hemp, Sisal 56. b Hemp, Sunn 605. a Hemp, Water 24 Hemp, Wild 95. b, 861. a HEMP-NETTLE, species 861 Hemp-tree 2107, a Hempweed 802. c Hempweed, Climbing 2119. a Hen-and-chickens 248. a +Hen-and-chickens 166. b Hen-plant 1611. b, ¢ Henbane 1041 Henbane, Yellow 1578. f Henbell 1041. b Henbit 230 a Henbit (Greater) 1132. b Henbit, Small 2094. i Henequen (Henequin) 46. b Henkam 1041. b Henna 1148. a Hens 2102, b Hen’s-bill 1487. a Hepatica nobilis 981. b Hepatica stellata 201. b Hépatique 981. b Herb Barbara 235. a Herb Bennet 885. d, 2077. ¢ Herb Christopher 27 tHerb Christopher 260. a, 886. a, 1471. b, 1691. a, 2057. a Herb Eve 63. b Herb frankincense 1139. a Herb Gerard 48. a Herb Ivy 63. b tHerb Ivy 578. a, 1611. a Herb John 1043. b Herb Louisa 1209. d Herb mastich 1994. d, 1973. C Herb Paris 1501. a Herb Peter 1660. d Herb Robert 883. b Herb Sherard 1840. a Herb Sophia 1873. a Herb Trinity 2102. f, 981. b Herb truelove 1501. a Herb two-pence 1249. a Herb William 1686. a Herb-bane 1459. a Herb-of-friendship 1824. f Herb-of-grace 1756. a, 830. a, 914. a, 2091. f Herb-of-repentance 1756. a Herb-of-the-cross 2091. f Herb-of-vine 201. a abit 456. a Herba aegyptiaca 2032. d Herba co is 201.b - Herba impia 886. a Herbe a éternuer 18. d Herbe a fiévre 802. 1 Herbe & la ouate 195. c Herbe a V’hirondelle 462. a Herbe au citron 1302. a Herbe au diable 1620. b, c Herbe aux chantres 1860. a Herbe aux charpentiers 18.a Heibe aux gueux 514. d Herbe au scorbut 27. a Herbe aux vers 1957. a Herbe de Str, Barbe 235. a Herbe parfaite 802. i * Herbertia 81 Herbstzeitlose 534. a Hercules’ All-heal 1447. a Hercules’-club 170. f, 2136. e Herehoune 2181. a Herlitze 576. h ; Hermodactyls 534, b Heron’s-bill 777 *Herpestis 1350. Herzfreude 201, b Herzgespann 1165. a Herteclowre 1973. b Herzwurzel 1323. a *Hesperis 1063 *Hesperochiron 373 *Hesperopeuce 2046 *Heudeloiia 550 Heusamen, griechischer 2034. a Hexenkraut 1043. b Hibisci radix 87. a *Hibiscus 1113, 1987 HIcKORY, species 1004 Hickory, Eucalyptus 790, x Hiéble 1771. ¢ High Belia 1217. ¢ High-taper (Hig-taper) 2090, b ? High-water shrub 1079. a Hill-berry 870. b Hill-trot 651. a Hilder 1771. c,e Hillerne 1771. e Hillwort 1308. h, 1994. a Himbeere 1750. h Himmelbrand 2090. b Him melschliissel 1660. d Hind-heal 464. e, 1957. a Hindberry 1750. h Hindischkraut 1867. j Hini 1171. a Hip tree 1743. a, g Hippo 2062. a Hippo, Indian 1655. a, b Hippo (Hipp), Wild 8v3. a,f *Hippocastanum 50 Hippocastani cortex 50. b Hips 1743 a Hipwort 586. a *Hirneola 814 Hirschbrunst 737. a Hirschdorn 1721. d Hirschklee 802. c Hirschtruffle 737. a Hilschzunge 1814. a Hirse 1496. a Hirtentischlein 329. a Hirundinaire 630. b EN ee mares radix 630. b Hive-vine 1336. a, 577. ¢ Hoang-nan 1923. ¢ Hoar-dock 174. a, b Hoarhound 1281. a 433 Hoarhound, Bastard 230. a Hoarhound, Black 230. a Hoarhound, Fetid 230. a Hoarhound Lion’s-tail 1165. ¢ Hoarbound, Marsh 1242. b Hoarhound, Water 1242 Hoarhound, Wild 802, b,l,n Hoarwort 886. a Hobble-bush 2095. a Hock (Hockholler) 87. b Hockerie-topner 1830. a Hockertang 849. b Hockleberry 2075. a Hod-the-rake 1711. bh Hog-bed 1240. b Hog-bite 474. a Hog-fennel 1554. b +Hog-fennel 145. b, 1058. a Hog-gum 1730. g Hog-gum tree 1362. a Hog-nut 1004. ¢ Hog-physic 1217. a Hog-taper 2090. b Hogg-gum 5x8. a Hog’s-bane 464. f Hog’s-bean 1041. b Hogweed 982. b, 411. a, 95. a, 802. d, 1174. a, 1641. d Hohlwurzel 182. a, ¢, e, 372. ¢ Hohlzahn 861, a Hola 590. b *Holeus 1876 Holewort 372. ¢ Holigold 344. a Holiverd 1053. a Hollard 79 Hollicocke, (Hollek) 87. b Hollin (Hollen, Holland) 1053. a Hollow-root 46. a Hollunder 1771. e Hollunderschwamm 814, a HOLLY, species 1053 Holly, Bay 911. a Holly, Box 1755. a Holly, California 997, a Holly, Canadian 1054. a Holly, Ground 466. b Holly, Knee 1755. a Holly, Mountain 1054. a t+Holly Oak 87. b Holly, Sea 781. c Holly, Wild 1054. a Holly-tree 2052. b Hollyhock 87, b Hollyhock-rose 1825. a Hollyhock, Sea 10038. e Holm (Holyn) 1053. a Holm, Knee 1755. a Holmes’-weed 1820. ¢ Holy Ghost 135. a Holy Hoke 87. b Holy tree 1299. b Holy-hay 1291. d Holy-herb 2091. f Holy-rope 861. a Holy-rose, Marsh 128, a Homewort 1830. a Honduras bark 1961. b Honesty 1234. a Honewort 661 f, 1859. a Honey (Honey-shucks) 895. b Honey-ball 428. a Honey-blob 17382. i 434 GENERAL INDEX. Honey-bloom 160, a Horse-may 2058. d_ _ Hya-hya 1946. a Honey-bottle 765. c Horse-nettle 1867. i Hyawa tree 1666. b Honey-bread 432. a Horse-pipe 758. a, b *Hydnocarpus 934 Honey-flower 1665. a Horse-sugar 1938. a Hydrangea, Wild 1031. a Honey-plant 1302. a Horse-tongue 1755. a *Hydrastis 2018 Honey-pod 1664. a Horse’s-breath 1439. a *Hydrocotyle 424 Honey-stalks 2032. g Horsebane 1427. c Hydrocotyle asiatiea 424. a Honey-sweet 2057. a HORSEMINT, species 1348 Hydrolapathi radix 1753. 6 HONEYSUCKLE, species 1222 {fHorsemint 1111. a, 1308.1 *Hydrolea 1383 *Honeysuckle 166. a, 225 Horsemint, European 1308.f *Hydropeltis 302 Honeysuckle, Bush 676 Horsemint, Ohio 270 Hydropiper i641. 0 Honeysuckle, Cape 1665.a Horsemint, Sweet 616. a Hylder 177l.e Honeysuckle, Dwarf 576. d Horseradish 1742. a *Hymensa 2013 Honeysuckle, Ground1227.a Horseradish tree 1860. a *Hymenatierum 1993 Honeysuckle, Jamaica Horse tail 758 *Hymenolobus 1030 1515. e Horsetail, Shrubby 752 *Hymenoxys 1589 Honeysuckle, White 2032.g Horseweed 1174. a,1125.a *Hyoscyamus 1817 THone;euckte Wild 871 Horse-weed 95. b, 539. b *Hypelate 817 Honeywort 863. 6 +Horse-weed 1895. d *Hypericum 911, 1786, 2022 Honigthee 627 Hosedoup 1318. a Hypernic-wood 338. b Honka 1323. a *Hosta 851 *Hypogon 539 *Honkenya 99 Houblon 1028. a *Hypopeltis 2125 Hoodwort 1821. ¢ Hound’s-berry 1867. 0 *Hyposeris 45, 184 Hoofs 2053. a Hound’s-tongue 633. a, *Hyptis 1317 Hoop tree 1299. b 2035. a Hysope 1048. a Hoop-wood 1053. j House-leek, Dwarf 1824.b Hyssop 1048 Hoopkoop plant 1179. b Houx 1053. a tHyssop 1043. b Hop 1028 Houx petit 1755. a Hyssop, Anise 54. a Hop, Bog 1310. a Hove 894. a Hyssop, Giant 54 Hop, Spanish 1456, a How-weed 423. d Hyssop, Hedge 914. a, c, Hop substitute 544 b,c Howdoup 1318. a 1350 Hop, Wild 260. a, 320. b Howler 79 *Hyssop, Mexican 1769. a Hop-clover 2032. a, b Huajilo 1608. ¢ Hyssop of Scripture 374 c Hop-Hornbeam 1472 Huanuco bark 498. ¢, d Hyssop, Prairie 1111. b Hop-tree, 3-leaved 1681. a HUCKLEBERRY, species *Hyssop, Wild 2091. ¢ Hop-vine, Devil’s 1865. 0 873, 2075 *Hyssopifolia 1250 *Hopea 1938 Huflattig 2053 a *Hysterophorus 1513. a Hopfen ( Hopfenzapfen) Hiihnerkraut 1994, a Iberiskresse 1168. d 1028. a Huisache 7. d Ice-leaf 2090 b Hopfen, Spanischer 1456. a Huldee 619. ¢ Ice-plant 1316. a Hopfenbaum 1681. a Hulver (Helver) 1053. a Ice-plant, American 1356. 2 Hopfenkatzchen 1028. a Hulver, Knee 1755. a *Icica 330, 1666 *Hopkirkia 1803 Hulver, Sea 781. ¢ *Ictodes 1883 *Horan 1130 Humble-plant 1332. b Ie-linger-ie-lieber 2102. f ‘Horehound 1281. a Humlock 1378. a If commun 1963. a Horestrang (Horestrong) Humility 1792. a *Ignatia (Ignatiana) 1923 1554. b Hundred-eyes 2100. a, b Ignatia Bean 1923. b Horhowne 1281. a Hundskohl 160. b Ignatii faba 1923.b Hornbaum 576. f Hundskurbis 320. b Ignatiusbohne 1923. b Hornbeam 390 Hundspetersilie 51. a Ignazbohne 1923. b Hornbeam, Hop- 1472 Hundsrose 1748. a Ikaju 1923. h Hornbeam, Swamp 1421.c Hundszunge 633. a Illecebra vermicularis Hornbine 1421. c Hungarian-grass 447. a 1824. a ; Hornmohn 892. a Hungerkorn 512. a Tllinois-nut 1004. h Hornpine (Hornpipe) 1421.c Hunger-weed 1711. d *Ilipe 240. Hornseed 512. a Hungry-vine 1865. 0 Tllupi 240. ¢ Horn-weed 433. a Huntsman’s-cup 1787. b Imbreke 1830. a — Hornwort 433 Huntsman’s-horn 1787, a Immerschén 904 Horone 1281. a ~ Hurr-bur 174. a, b Immortelle 969, 904 Horse-balm 539. b Hurt-sickle 423. d Immortellen 144. a Horse-bean 1504. a Hurtleberry (Hurtberry) Impératoire 1058. a Horse-blob 355. a 2075. a Imperatoria nigra 209. a Horse-brier 1865. 0 Husks 432. a Imphee 1976. b Horse-cane 95. b. Huskwort 68. a Impudent-lawyer 1205. a Horse-chestnut 50. esp. b Hiitscheln 1771. e Incense 62. ¢c, 289. a, d. 1053. Horse-chire 1973. b Hutton-weed 686. b ce, 1929. d, 2086.a Horse-elder 1062. a Hyacinth, California 311 Incense tree 822. a, 2026.b Horse-flower 1296. a, b Hyacinth, Cape 1808 Incense-wood 1666, b . Horse-foot (Horse-hoof) Hyacinth, Feather 1368.b India-berries 127.42 2052. a ; Hyacinth, Globe 1368. a India-rubber 404.a, b, 831. Horse-gogs 1668. h Hyacinth, Grape 1368 b, 946, 1001, 1276. a Horse-gold 1711. c,d Hyacinth, Water 1586. a India-rubber African Horse-gowan 482. e, 1285. a Hyacinth, Wild 1701. a 1183. a, b io-4 Horse-fly weed 234, b fHyacinth, Wild 262. a Indian bark 1262. f Horse-heal 1062.2 — *Hyacinthus 1368 Indian dye 1032. a Horse-jag (Horse-jug)1668.h *Hyznachne 2010 Indian Hemp 370. a — Horse-knobs 423. d *Hyenanche 2010 ’ Indian Hemp 160.2 — NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Indian Hemp,Black 160. b Indian Hemp, Brown 1003.b Indian Hemp, White 195. b Indian-chief 693. a Indian-cigar 406 INDIAN-CUP, species 1787 Indian-cup 1852. b Indiau-gum nut 1923, e Indian-fog 1824. b Indian-head 380. a Indian-heari 1238. b Indian-moccasin 636. a, ete Indian-paint 1214. b, 273. a Indian-paint, Red 1773. a Indian-paint, Yellow 1052.a Indian-physic 1262. c Indian-pipe 1356. a Indian-pitcher 1787. b Indian-posy 121. a. 904. a Indian-root 170. e Indian-shoe 636. a, ete Indian-shot 369 Indian’s-dream 1527. a Indian’s-plume 1348. a Indicator 290. b Indicum (Pigmentum) 1059. a Indig 1059. a INDIGO, species 1059 Indigo 1071. b, 2127. a, ete Indigo, American 234. b Indigo, Bastard 103, b Indigo, Blue 234. a Indigo, Egyptian 590. a Indigo, False 103, 234. a Indigo, Green. 1721. e, f Indigo sauvage 234. b Indigo, Yellow 234. b Indigo, Wild 233, esp. b Indigo-berry 1710. a Indigo-plaut, Japanese 1641. p Indigo-weed 234, b *Infantea 94 Infant’s-breath 863. f *Inga 1608 Ingwer 2152. a Ingwer gelber 619. c, d Ingwer, indischer 194. a Ink-berry 1053. i, 1710. a Ink-nut 322.d Ink-root 1202. a Inkwood 817. a Inée (Ineh) 1919. a Innocence 538. a, 1022. a Insane root 1041. b Insect-powder, Dalmatian 482 Sart Me Persian DB "Intybi angusti herba 1125. f Inul 1062. a *Inula 488, *Iochroma 1287 *Ionidium 343 Ipado 787. a Ipecae (Ipecacuanha) 2062.a Ipecac, American 1655. a, 803. f Ipecac, Bastard 196. a, 2037. a Tpecac, Black 1680. a Ipecac, Carolina 803. f Ipecac, False 1655. a, b Ipecac, Goanese 1387. a Ipecac, Indian 2054. a Ipecac, Malabar 1710, b Ipecac, Milk 803. a, f, 160. a Ipecac, Peruvian 1680. a Ipecac, Spurge 803. f Ipecac, Striated 1680. a Ipecac, White 803. f, 343. a Ipecac, Wild 160. a, 803. f, 2037. a Ipecac, Wood 2037, a *Jpecacuanha 2062 Ipécacuanha annelé 2062. a Ipecacuanha, Farinaceous i733. a Ipecacuanha, Striated 1733 Ipecacuanha, Undulated 1733. a Ipekakuanhe 2062. a *Ipo 150 *Ipomoea 815, 1256, 1444, 1702 *Iridaps 188 Iridis (Ireos) radix 1068. a, b, e Iris de Florence 1068, a,b,c Irisrhizom 1068. a, b, ¢ Tron-bark 790. d, b Tron-grass 1641. d Tron-head 423. d Tron-tree 1321. ¢ IRONWEED, species 2093 yIron-weed 423. d, 2091. ¢ Tronweed, Devil’s 1125. a, ¢ Ironwood 390. a, 1472. a, 324, b, 405. a, 637. a, 817. a, 1433. a tIronwood 519. a, 1245 Ironwood 326 Ironwood, Bastard 2136. f Tronwood, Black 553, 1720.a Ironwood, Red 1719. a Ironwood, White 1042 Tronwort 861. a Irupe 2097. a Isabella-wood 1546. a Isenkraut 2091. f Islay 1668. s Isle-of-Wight vine 1956. a *Isonandra 1490 Isop 1048. a *Isopyrum 567 Ispaghul 1611. e It-brings-the-frost 206 Itaka 1253. a Itch-weed 2089. b Iva 18, b, f, g Ivette 63. a Ivette musquée 63. b Ivory, Vegetable 1584. a Ivory-nut 1584. a Ivory-tree 2127. a Ivy (Ivory) 961. a Ivy, American 1514. a Ivy, Big-leaved 1103, d Ivy, Cape 1831. i Ivy, Climbing 1730. h Ivy, Coliseum 629. a Ivy, English, ete, 961. a Ivy, Five-fingered 1514. a Ivy, Five-leaved 1514. a Ivy, German 1831. i Ivy, Gout 63. b Ivy, Ground 894, 63. a, b Ivy, Herb 63. b Ivy, Japanese 1514. b Ivy, Kenilworth 629. a Ivy, Poison 1730. h Ivy, Spoonwood 1103. a Ivy, Three-leaved 1730, h 435 Ivy-berry 870. b Ivy-bush 1103. d Ivy-flower 981. b Ivy-weed 629. a Ivray (Ivraie) 1220. a *Ixia 879, 1394 *Ixophorus 447 JABORANDI, species 1593 jJaborandi 780. a, 1602. d.e.f Jaborandi, True 1602. ¢ Jaceae herba 2102. f *Jacaranda 1880 Jacaranda branca 1880. a Jachandel 1099. b Jack (Jaca, Jak) tree 188, b Jack-by-the-hedge 74. a, 2016. b Jack-in-the-pulpit 181. b Jack-in-trousers 166. a Jack-jump-about 48. a, 135. a, 1227. a Jack-of-the-buttery 1824. 3 Jack-straws 1611. b Jackanapes-on-horseback 344. a Jackson vine 1237, ¢ *Jacksonia 1633 Jacob’s-chariot 25. i Jacob’s-ladder 1634, a, b, ¢, 1639. € }+Jacob’s-ladder 219. a,421.a, 462. a, 1205. a Jacob’s-ladder, American 1865. d Jacob’s-staff 2090. b Jacob’s-sword 1068. e *Jacobinia 249 . Jacobskraut 1831, g Jagermiitze 1787. b Jaggery 178. a, 285. a, 394, a, 1570. ¢ Jalap 815. a Jalap, Cancer 1585 b Jalap, False 1335, a Jalap, Fusiform 1066. Jalap, Indian 1444. a Jalap, Male i066. 1 Jalap, Sierra Gordo 1066. m Jalap, Tampico 1066. m Jalap, tubéreux 815. a Jalap, Wild 1066. n Jalap, Woody 1066. | Jalap-stalks 1066. | Jalapa, U.S. P. 815. a Jalape, Falsche 1066. 1 Jalapenknollen 815. a Jalapenstengel 1066. 1 Jamaica 1003. g Jamaica bark 816. b, 20. a Jamaika-Quassia 1590. a Jambosade (Jambu) 1086. a *Jamesia 733 Jamestown-weed 649. b, c *Janipha 127 Jarosse 1141,h, i Jaroul 1127. b Jarrah 790. p Jarvil, Sweet 2115. a;b Jasmin, gelber 878. a Jasminbignonie 878. a. JASMINE, species 1089 Jasmine, American 1702. a Jasmine, Bastard 1237. c Jasmine, Blue 514, a Jasmine, Cape 868. ¢ Jasmine, Carolina 878. a Jasmine, French 354. b 436 Jasmine, Red 1621. a Jasmine, Wild 1081 Jasmine, Yellow 878. a Jasmine tree 1621. a Jatamansi 1386. a *Jatropha 69. a, 618, 1001, 1276 Jaundice-berry 251. Jaundice root 1032.a Javanee 1690. a Javilla 1029. a Jay-weed 145. b Jealousy 1824. i Jeelico 135. esp. a Jelly plant 793. a Jenny-wren 883. b Jequiriti 4. a Jérose hygrometrique 122.a Jerubeba 1867. r Jerusalem-cross 1236. b Jerusalem-star 2016. a Jeshamy 1089. a Jessamin (Jessamy) 1089. a Jessamin, see Jasmine yJessamine 1237. c Jessamine, Cape &68.c¢ Jessamine, Water 914. b tJessamine, Wild 133. g Jesuitenthee 1053. e tJesuit’s bark 1079. a Jesuit’s-nut 2017. a Jew bush 1524. a Jew’s-ear 814. a +Jew’s-ear 1239. a Jewelweed 1057. a, d Jewsharp-plant 2036. a Jimson-weed 649. b, c Jinshang 1493. b Jintawan 2063. a, b Joan Silver-pin 1497. d Jobarbe (Jubard) 1830. a Job’s-tears 532. a Job’s-tears 2076. a ob’s-tears, Wild 1442. a Joe wood 1085. a Joe-Pye weed 802.j, k Johandel 1099. b Johannisbeere 1732. k Johannisblut 1043. b Johannisbrod 432. a Johanniskraut 1043. b Johanniswurzel 712. b John-Crow beans 4. a John-go-to-bed-at-noon 116. a, 1458. a Johnny-jump 693. a Johnny-jump-up 2102. c, e Johnny-jumper 2102. f Johnny-smoker 885, a JOHNSWORT, species 1043 Johnswort, False 1786. a Joint-vetch 49 Joint-weed 1008. a Joint-weed, Coast 1640. a *Joliffia 106 *Jonesia 1782 Jonquil 1385. b *Jonquilla 1385 Joseph-and-Mary 1692. a Joseph’s-coat 91. b Joseph’s-flower 2016. b Joshua-tree,2144. b Joubarbe acre 1824. a Joubarbe des vignes 1824. c Joubarbe grande 1830. a Jove’s fruit 681. ¢, 250. b Jove’s nuts 1704. q GENERAL INDEX. Juba’s-bush (Juba’s-brush) 1067. a Judas tree 436 +Judas tree 1771. e Judasbaum 436. b Judasohr 814. a Judendorn 2155. ¢ Judenkirschen 1578, a Juglandis folia 1096. d *Juglans 1004, 69. ay} Juice-root (Juicewood) 902. b *Jujuba 2155 Jujubae gallicae (Magnae) 2155. ¢ Jujube, French 2155. ¢ Jujube, Italian 2155, b Jujube tree 2155. ¢ Jujubier 2155. ¢ July-flower 1664. a Jumble-beads 4, a June-berry 96 June-flower 2102. b Jungfernkraut 187. s Juniper 1099 tJuniper 453. a, 1138. a, 1587. b Juniper, Creeping 19638. c Juniper resin 349. a tJuniper tree 422. a Juno’s-tears 2091. f Jupiter’s-beard 1830. a,149.a Jupiter’s-distaff 1568. c Jur-nut 559. a Juribali 1106. a Juribali (Jurubali) 2026. b +Juribali 1879. a Jusquiame noir 1041. b *Jussieua 1100 Justice-weed 802. g,h *Justicia 39, 127, 665 Jute 569. a, Jute, American 6. a Jute, Bastard 1003. b Juvia tree 257.a Kaddiz 1099. b Kadeél (Kaddig6l) 1099. ¢ Kaffee 531. a Kafir-bread 749. a Kainkawurzel 467, a Kaisersalat 187. e Kaiserwurz 1058. a Kakaobohnen 1984. a Kakarali 1152. a Kaladana 1066. i Kalkas 641. a Kale, Corn 303. a Kale, Field 303. a Kale, Sea 303. 6 *Kali 1767 . Kalisayachina 498. a *Kalliactis 231 Kalmus 26. a Kalo 54l.a Kala 7. da Kamala 1267. a Kamani 322. ec, 853. a Kambodja 1621. b Kamela (Kameela) 1267. a Kamila 1267.a Kamille, rémische 145. ¢ Kamillen 1285, a Kampfer 500. b Kanbil 1267. a Kaneel 500. a Kaneel, weisser 368. a Kapa 316. a Kapper 374. ¢ Kardamom 742, a Kariyat 127,a Karobe 432. a Karra-doorn 7. h Karri tree 790, m Kars (Karse) 1742, b Karse, Garden 1168.6 Kartoffle 1867. n Kasekraut 1270. a Kasepappel 1270. b Kaskarillrinde 606. b Kastanienbaum 400 Katchung oil 168. a Katechu 7. b Kathira gum 528. a Katir 703. b Katzengamander 1973. 2 Katzenkraut 1399. a Katzenminze 1399. a Katzenpfotchen 144. a, 904 Katzentraublein 1824. a Kauri Pine 55. a Kautschuk 1001. a Kavakava (Kava) 1320. a, b Kedlock 1856. a Kedlock (Kellock, Kilk) 303. a *Kedrostis 320. ¢ *Keerlia 155, 298 Keeslip 863. i Kei (Kai) Apple 701. a Kekune oil 69. a Kellerhals 644. c. Kellup-weed 482. 6 +Kelp 1420. a Kelpware 849 Kelpwort 1767. a___ Kemp (Kempseed) 1611.b,a *Kentrophyta 101 Keora oil 1495. a Kerbel 148. b Kerlock 303. a, d Kermesbeere 1585. b Kernelwort 1820. b, c Kerzennussbaum 69. a Kesselbeere 1476. b Ketgee oil 1495. a Ketmia, Bladder 1003. i Ketmie acide 1003. g Kettle-case 1450. d Kettle-dock 148. ¢ *Keura 1495 Keuschlamm 2107. a Khat (Kat) 408. a Khuskhus 129. f Kicking-colt 1057. d Kicking-horses 1057. d Kidney-bean tree 1115. a Kidney-root 226. b Kidney Vetch 149 Kidney wort 586. a Kikar 7,2 Kikuel oil 1768. a Kill-kid 1103. a Kill-wart 462. a Killeen 477, a Killikinie 576, b, i, 176. f King-cup 1711. ¢ {King-cups 355. a King-devil 1006. g King-nut 1004. a, d, g King-of-the-meadow 802. j_ Kings-and-queens 189. a King’s-crown 1300. b King’s-cure 466 b *Kinkina 498 i NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Kinnikinic 576. b. i, 176. f Kino, African 1682 b Kino, Amboyna 1682, ¢ Kino, Australian 790. e, f. 8; h Kino, Bengal 331. a Kino, Botany Bay 790. e, f, g, h Kino, Brazilian 827. a Kino, Caracas 526. b Kino de l’Inde 1682. ¢ Kino, Gambia 1682. b Kino, Jamaica 526. b Kino, Palas 331. a Kino tree 1682.e — Kino, West Indian 526. b Kipper-nut 559. a Kirsche 1668. ¢c Kirschlorbeer 1668. i Kiskatom 1004 Kisky-Thomas nut 1004 Kiss-me-quick 803 b Kiss-me-quick-and-go 187.a Kisses (Kiss-me) 2102 f Kit-of-the-wall 1824, a Kitten’s-breeches 262. b Klapperrose 1497. c KJapperschlangenwurzel 497. a Klatschrose 1497. c Klebkraut 863. a Kleebaum 1681. a *Kleinia 1092 Klettenwurzel 174. a Knackaway 734 Knap 2032. f tKnap-bottle 1851. b Knapweed 423. b {Knapweed 423. c¢ Knauel, wilde 1810. a *K nautia 1794 Knawel 1810. a Knight-cross 1236. b Knight’s-spur 656. ¢ Knit-back 1937. a Knob-grass 539. b Knob-root 539. b Knoblauch 76. e Knoblauchkraut 74. a Knobweed 423. d, 539. b Knop-sedge 1881 Knorpeltang 477. a Knot-berry (Knout-berry ) 1750 f Knot-grass 1641. d tKnot-grass 1506 Knot-grass, Female 1008. a Knot-grass, German 1810.a Knot-grass, Male 1641, d Knot-root 539..b Knotenwurz 1820, b Knu6terich 1641. e KNOTWEED, species 1641 Knotweed, Biting 1641. 1 Knotwort 1641. d Kockelskorner 117. a *Koenigia 1254 Kohl 303. e Kohl rabi 303 e Kohlbaumrinde 2110. b, ¢ Kohlsaats61 303. b Kokospalm 529. b Kokum butter 867. b Kola 533. a Kolikwurzel 160. a Kolombowurzel 1090. a Kologuinten 505. b Kombé 1919, a Konigschina 498. a K6nigen der Nacht 438. a Ko6nigsfarrn 1471. b K6nigskerze 2090, b Konker tree 50. b Koontee 2145. a Koosumbia 1804. a Koot (Koost) 1791. a Korbelkraut 1378. a Koriandersamen 573. a Kornblume 423. ¢ Kornel 576. b, f Kornelkirsche 576. h Kousso (Kooso, Kusso) 941.8 Kraftwurzel 1493. a, b Kiahenaugen 1923, d Krameria, U.S, P. 1114. c,e Kramperithee 442. a Krampf 2057. a _ Kranewett 1099. b Kranichbeere 1476. b Krapp 1749. a Kratzbohnen 1365. a Kratzwurzel 2089. a Krausdistel 781. b Krauselbeere 1732. i Krauseminze 1308 d Kraut-weed 303. a, 1712. a Krebsdistel 1440. a Krebswurz 1170. a Kreuzblume 1638. a Kreuzdorn 1721. d Kreuzkraut 1831. g Kreuzwurz 1638. a Kriechenpflaume 1668. q *Krigia 18385 Kronananas 119. a Kronchina 498. f Kronsbeere 2075. P Kropfklette 2131. Kropfwurzkraut 1820. b Krummholz6l 1601. m *Krynitzkia 77, 608, 764, 1453 *Ktenospermum 1522 Kubeben 611. a Kuchenschelle 1693. b Kuhhornsamen 2034. a Kuhkrdatze 13865. a Kukui 69. a Kiimmel, Romischer 615. a Kiimmelsamen 392. b Kundah 378. b Kiirbis 1126. a Kiirbissamen 614. d Kurkuma 619. ¢, d Kurung (Kurunj) 859. a Kuskus 129. f + Kuteera gum 1912. d Kutera gum 528. a ‘ Labdanum (Ladanoum) 503 Labkraut 863. i ‘ *Lablavia 1121 Laburnum 641. a *Laburnum 641 Laburnum, White 1738. a Laburnum, Wild 1300, b Lae (Lacca, Lack) 7. a, f, 331. a, 606. a, 831. ¢, e, f, g, 1841. b Lac tree 1804. a Lacca musica 1150. b Lace-bark tree 1128. a Lace-bution 768, a Lace-Fern 461. a 437 Lace-flower 651. a Lace-leaf 164. a Lace-pod 1996 Lachenknoblauch 19738. e *Lachnanthus 937 Lacmus 1150. b Lacquer tree 1730. 0 Lactucarium 1125. d, f, g Lad-savour 187. a Ladder-to-heaven 1634, a, 1639. ¢ Ladies’-bower 514. d Ladies’-cushion 1903. a Ladies’-eardrop 1057. d Ladies’-glove 677. a: Ladies’-laces 1559. a Ladies’ mantle 65 Ladies’-nighteap 563. ¢ Ladies’-pocket 1057. d LADIES-SLIPPER, species 636 }Ladies’-slipper 1638. c Ladies’slipper, Wild 1057. a, Ladies’ thimble 677. a Ladies’-tresses 936 Lady-fingers 677. a Lady-by-the-gate 1781. a Lady-never-fade 121. a Lady-wrack 849. b Lady’s-comb 1796. a Lady’s-cushion 423. d Lady’s-delight 2102. f Lady’s-fingers 149. a,1141.d, 1227. a Lady’s-garters 1750. g Lady’s-glove 1062. b, 1227. a Lady’s-hair 40. a Lady’s-keys 1660, d Lady’s-lint 83. b Lady's-mantle 65 Lady’s-milk 1280. a Lady’s-needlework 411. a Lady’s-purse 329. a Lady’s-ruffles 833 Lady’s-seal 1639. c,d, 1956.8 Lady’s-shoes 166. b Lady’s-shoes-and stockings © Peles a Lady’s-slipper 1227. « }tLady’s-slippers 166. b Lady’s-smock 379. ¢ Lady’s-thimble 362. b *Lagophylla 1016 *Lagothamnus 1968 Laiche 382. a Laiteron 1871. b Laitue officinal 1125. d Laitue vireuse 1125. f Lake-weed 1641. b Lakmos 1150. b Lakritzenholz 902. b ‘Lamb-lakins 189. a Lamb-hly 2007. a Lamb-succory 184 Lamb-sucklings 2032. g Lamb’s-foot 1611. c, 65, b Lamb’s-lettuce 1611. d Lamb’s-quarters 464.2,218.e Lamb’s-quarters 2035. a amb’s-tail 1240. a, 1764. e Lamb’s-tongue 785. b, 1308. a, 1611, d, 1814.a Lamb’s-toes 149. a Lamier 1132. a Laminaire digitée 1131. a *Lamium 1939 438 Lammint 1308. g,j Lampourde 2131. b Lampwick 1568. ¢ Lana gossypii 912. ¢ Lanarie radix 1935. b Lang-de-beef 284. a Langue de boeuf (Langde- beef) 1591. b Langue de chien 633. a Lantar (Lontar) Palm 178.a Lantern-leaves 1711. h Lanugo gossypii 912. c Lap-love 563. a Lapathi radix 1753. e *Laportea 2068 *Lappa 174 Lappa, U.S. P. 174. a, b Lappula hepatica 59. a Lapper-gowan 2043. a Laque 606. 4 Laque bleu 1150. b LARCH, species 1138 jLareh 2. e Larchenrinde 1138. b Larchenschwamm 1644. d Laricis cortex 1138, b Lark-heel 656. c Lark’s-claw 656. ¢ +Lark’s-heel 2044, a LARKSPUR, species 656 yLarkspur 1205. a Larrabell 968. a *Larrea 588 Laser 1139. a Laser (cyreniacum) 1978. b Laserkraut 1139, a Laserpitium germanicum 1190. a Laserwort 1139 Latherwort 1781. a Lathyris major 803. g Latschen6dl 1601. m Lattice-leaf 164. a Lauch 76. d Laurel, Alexandrian 358. a Laurel, American 1103. d Laurel, Bay 1144. a Laurel, Big 1728. d Laurel, Big-leaf 1728. d Laurel, Black 911. a Laurel, California 2059. a Laurel, Camphor 500. b Laurel, Cherry- 1668. f, i Laurel, Copse 644. b Laurel, Deer 1728. d Laurel, Dog 1189. a Laurel, Dwarf 1103. a Laurel, Florida 1938. a Laurel, Great 1728. d Laurel, Ground 754. a Laurel, Hairy 1103. ¢ Laurel, Horse 1728. d Laurel, Lady 644. b Laurel, Mountain 1103. d, 1728. d Laurel, Mountain 2059. a aurel, Noble 1144. a Laurel, Pale 1103. b ee Rose 1728. d, 1103.d, 403, a Laurel, Sassafras 2059, a Laurel, Sheep 1103. a, b Laurel, Small 1103. d, 1262.f Laurel, Spurge 644. b, 1103.d Laurel, Hidges 911.a, 1103.b, 2 1262. Laurel, Sweet 1055. a GENERAL INDEX. Laurel, White 1262. f Laure!, Winter 1668. f Laurel, Wood 644. b, 1103. da Laurestine 2095, 2 Laurier commun 1144, a Laurier rose 1403. a Laurier-benzoin 250. @ Laurier-cerise 1668. i Laurocerasus 1668. i Laurose 1403. a . *Laurus 250, 500, 1266, 1424, 1546, 1788 Laus-tibi 1385. e Laiisekérne1 193. a, 656. d Lausekraut 1523 Laiisepfeffer 656. d Laiisesamen 193, a Layande commune 1145. a Lavande officinale 1145. a Lavande triste 1202. ¢ Lavandel 1145. a LAVENDER, species 1145 yLavender 482. a Lavender, Sea 1202. a, c Lavender-thrift 1202. a Laverocks 1475. a Lavola bark 1055. ¢ Lavose 1190. a Lawyers 1743.48 *Layia 269 Laylock 1945 Lead plant 103. a LEADWORT, species 1620 LEAF-CUP, Species 1642 Leathber-bush 689. a Leather-flower 514. g,h Leather-jacket 790. x Leather-leaf 454. a Leatherwood 689, 637 Lebensbaum 1992. b Leberblume 981. b Leberklette 59. a Leberkraut 981. b Leche de popa 1334, d Lectiminga 1959. a Lechee 1400. b Leechwort 1611. b Leek 76. d Leek, Crow 1808. a Leek, french 76. d Leek, Sour 1753. b Leek, Three-seeded 76. g Leek, Wild 76. g, hb Lédon 1153. b Lehua 1321. a *Leighia 966 Leindotter 361. a Leinkraut 1205. a Leinsamen 1208. b *Leiophyllum 657 *Lemna 1896 Lemon 506. e, i, h Lemon, Ground 1625. a Lemon Monarda 1348. ¢ Lemon, Persian 1201..a Lemon, Vegetable 613. a Lemon, Wild 1625. a Lemon-grass 129. b,d *Lemotrys 1701 Leng 2017. b Lentil 1160. a Lentisk (Lentiscus) 1605. a *Leontice 413 *Leontodon 153, 1862, 1959 Leopard tree 835. a Leopard’s-bane 183 _ tLeopards’-bane 1501. a Leopard-flower 879. 4 *Lepachys 1713 *Lepidanthus 126 *Lepidium 1030 *Lepigonum 2005 Leptandra, U. 8. P. 1171. a *Leptanthus 993 *Leptocaulis 156, 1886 *Leptoclinium 866 *Leptoglottis 1361 *Leptoseris 1265 *Lepurandra 150 Lerchenklaue 656. c LETTUCE, species 1125 Lettuce, Canker 1696. d Lettuce, Hare’s 1871. b, ¢ Lettuce, Indian 1696. d, 844. a, 513. Lettuce, Lamb’s 2078. a, b, 1611. d Lettuce, Liverwort 1696. d Lettuce, Spanish 513. e Lettuce, Water 1606. a Lettuce, White 1381. a, b, ¢ Lettuce, Wild 1125. a, f +Lettuce, Wild 1696. *Leucanthemus 482 *Leucopsidium 155 *Leucosinapis 1856 Levant-nut 117. a Lever-wood (Leaver-wood) 689. a, 1472. aj Levers 1881 Levose 1190. a *Lewisia 1452 Lewte 1439. a Liane & Vail 265. a *Liatris 388, 866, 1124, 2035 *Libanotis 212 ; Libi-dibi (Libi-divi) 338. a *Libidibia 338 *Licaria 674 *Lichen 442 Lichen, Archil 1150, 1739. a, b Lichen I’ Islande 442 a Lichen, Manna, 1150. a Lichwale 1214. a,c Lichwort 1499. a Lickorice (Lickerice) 902. b LICORICE, species 902 Licorice Indian 4. a Licorice, Wild 863. ¢c, d, 4, a, 208. e flicorice, Wild 170. ¢, 1439. a Licorice-weed 1816. a Lide-lily 1385. a Lieber’sche Kréauter 861. b , Liebfrauenstroh 863. i Liebstéckel 1190. a Lief (Liff) 1232. a Lierre terrestre 894. a Life-everlasting 904. a *Life-everlasting 121. a Life-of-man 170. e, 676. a, 1824. ¢ Life-plant 821. a Life-root. 1831. a_ pce i ign-aloes 165. a, 674. a Dacre ay 813. a ign-aloes, Mexican 330.b Lignum benedictum 919.a,b i campechianum . a Lignum coeruleum 940.4 — NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Lignum muscarum 1590. a Lignum muscicidum 1590.a Lignum nephriticum 1360.a Lignum pavanum 1788. a Lignum sanctum 919,a, b Lignum vitae 919. a, b tLignum vitae 2107. b Lignum vitae, Australian 790. Vv Ligustici radix 1190. a LILAC, species 1945 Lilac, African 1299. b Lilac, California 415. c Lilac, Indian 1127. c, 1299.b Lilac, Summer 990. a Lilae tree 1299. b Lilac, Victorian 950. a Lillie-riall 1308. h LILY, species 1196 tlily 597 Lily, African 2147. a Lily, Atamasco 2150. a Lily, Beaver 1420. a Lily, Belladonna $2. a Lily, Blackberry 879. a Lily, Bull-head 1420. a Lily, Butterfly 351. c Lily, Calla 2147. a Lily, Chinese Sacred 1385. f Lily, Clinton’s 521. a Lily, Corn- 563. a Lily, Cow 1420. a Lily, Daffodel 2150. a LILY, DAY, species 851 Lily, Day 976 Lily, Dog 1420. a tLily, Easter 1385. a, 2150. a Lily, Ethiopian 2147. a Lily, Fairy 2150. a Lily, Flag 1068. g Lily, Flax 1573. a Lily, Frog 1420. a Lily, Great Yellow 1391. a Liiy, Green 847. a Lily, Ground 2036. a Lily, Gunebo 1309. a Lily, Hedge- 563. c, Lily, Horse 1420. a Lily, Jamestown 649. b,c Lily, Lamb 2007. a Lily, Lemon 976. b Lily, Liver 1068. g Lily, Lotus 1391 Lily, Mariposa 351. ¢ Lily, May 562. a Lily, Mound 2144. d Lily, Newyears 1385, f Lily, Northern 521. a Lily, Park 562. a Lily, Plantain 851. b LILY, POND,species 399.1420 Lily, Prairie 564, 1309, a Lily, Rush 1861. a Lily, Snake 1068. g Lily, Spider 1037 Lily, Spider 2014. a ily, Spring 785. a Lily, Straw 2073. b Lily, Swamp 2150. a Lily, Toad 399. b, c, 513. d Lily, Trinity 2036. ¢ Lily, Trout 785. b Lily, Trumpet 2147. a Lily, Water 399 ily, Water (yellow) 1420 Lily, Wild 189. a Lily, Wood '62. a, 2036. b,c Lily, Yellow 785. b, 1385. a Lily-bell 351. a, b Lily-bind 563. ¢ Lily-grass 189. a Lily-oak 1945: Liiy-of-the-mountains 1639. c Lily-of-the-Nile 2147. a Lily-of-the-valley 562. a Lily-of-the-valley, False 2061. a Lily-of-the-valley, Wild 521. a, 1696. a, 2061. a Lily-pod, Little 302. a Lily-thorn 407 Lima bark 498. ¢ Lima-wood 338. b Lime, Ogeechee 1421. b Lime, Sour 506. a, b, h Lime, Sweet 506. h Lime, Wild 2156. f, 1201. b Lime-berry 2038 a LIME-TREE, species 1999 Limewort Catchfly 1851. a *Limnanthes 1197 *Limodorum 936, 2004 Limonie 506. i Limonilla 1589. a *Limonium 1903 *Limosella 1350 Lin (Linn, Line, Linde) 1999 Lin, Semence de 1208. b Lin dela Nouvelle Zélande 1573. a Linaire commune 1205. a *Linaria 629, 740 Lind, White 1999. a,c LINDEN, species 1999 Lindenbliithen 1999. b *Lindera 250, 1378 *Lindernia 1056 Black 350. a Crow 350. a, 765, b Ling, Draw- 774 Ling, Pull- 774 . Ling, Silver 1649. a Ling, Wire 747. a Ling-berry 2075. p *Lingoum 1682 Lingua cervina 1814, a Lingwort 2089. a Linn, Black 1262. a Linn, Yellow 1262. a *Linoseris 1074 *Linosyris 489, 1169 Linseed 1208, b Lint (Lin) 1208. b Lint, Fairy 1208. a Lint, Laverock’s 1208. a Lint-bells 1208. b Lion’s-ear 1165, a Lion’s-foot 65. b, 1164. a, 1381. a, b Lion’s-heart 1581. a Lion’s-leaf 1162. a Lion’s-mouth 151. a, 677. a Lion’s-snap 151. a - Lion’s-tail 1165 Lion’s-tooth 1163. a, 1959. a Lip-fern 461 *Liparis 1176 Lippia Mexicana 1209. a *Liquidambar 551 439 *Liquiritia 902 Liquorice, See Licorice Liriconfancy 562. a *Liriosma 716 Lis blane 1196. p *Lisianthus 807, 878 *Lithagrostis 532 Lithewort 1771.c . *Lithonia 966 *Lithophragma 1966 *Lithospermum 109, 1442 Lithy-tree 2095. j Lithy wale (Littlewale) 1214. ¢ *Litchi 1400 Litmus 1150. b Litschi (Li’tchi) 1400. b *Litsea 1266, 2059 *Littanella 1215 Little-boy’s-breeches 262. b Little-good 803. d Little-washerwoman 1022. a Live-forever 1824. c,d Live-long 1824. c, 121. a Livéche 1190. a Liver-berry 1918 LIVER-LEAF, species 981 Liver-weed 981. b qLiverwort 59. a, 981. b Liverwort, Heart 981. b Liverwort, Noble 981. b Liverwort, Three-leaved 981. b Liverwort, Water 242. a Liverwort, White 1505. a Lizard’s-tail 1790. a, 1602.i,j Llewellyn 2094. f Loaves-of-bread 1041. b Lobe-berry 526. b LOBELIA, species 1217 Lobelia, Lemon 1302, a Lobélie enflée 1217. b *Lobelienkraut 1217. b Loblolly tree 1604. b *Lobularia 1112 Lockin-gowan 2043. a Loco-weed 208. ¢, p ;Loco-weed 605. d. Locust, species 1738 Locust, African 1503. a Locust, Black 895. b Locust, Honey 895. b jLocust, Honey 1664, a, 1738. a Locust, River 103. b Locust, South American 1036. a Locust, Swamp 89a. a Locust, Sweet 895. b Locust, Thorn 895. b Locust, Water 895. a Locust, Yellow 599. a Locust-berry 334. a Locust-bloom 1999. b Locust-plant 396, e Locust-tree 432. a, 1738 *Locusta 2078 Léffelkraut 527. a Loggerheads (423, d Logwood 940, a *Loiseleuria 452 Lokao 1721. e,f Loleh 1220. a London-basket 385. d *London-lace 1559. a London-pride 669. b, 1781. a London-tuft 664. b 440 Long-beard 2001. a Long-purples 1250. a, 1450.d Longan 1400. ¢ Longshucks 1601. s Longwort 115. b *Lonicera 676, 1936 Loofa (Louff) 1252. a Loosestrife 1249, 1250 +Loosestrife 1904 Loosestrife, False 1072. a, 1229 Loosestrife, Swamp 652. a Loosestrife, Tufted 1388 *Lophanthus 54 *Lophiocarpus 1225 Lopseed 1574 Loquat 769. a Lorbeer 1144. a Lords-and-!adies 181. b, 189. a Lot-tree 1874. ¢ Lote tree 2155. b Lotus 422. b Lotus, Egyptian 1391. b Lotus, Honey 1300. a Lotus, Indian 1391. b Lotus odoratus 2032. d Lotus, Sacred 1391, b Lotus tree 2155. b, 681. c,e Lotus, Water 1391. a Lotwurz 1441. a Louse-berry tree 801. ¢ Louse-bur 2131. b LOUSEWORT, species 1523 Lousewort 260. a, 647. a, 656. d Lovage 1199 Lovage, American 1143. a Lovage, Scotch 1193. c Lovage, Water 1427,a Love-bind 514, d Love-entangle 1824. a Love-entangled 514. d Love-grove 1395. b Love-in-a-chain 1824. b Love-in-a-mist 1411, a, 1515. a Love-in-a-puzzle 141i. a Love-in-idieness 2102. f Love-in-winter 466. b ' Love-lies-bleeding 91. a, b,d *Love-lies-bleeding 44. b Love-man 863. a Love-me 1373. a Love-peas 4. a Love-tree 436. b Love-vine 620 Love’s-test 144. b Lovely-bleeding 91. a, b, d Lover’s-pride 1641. n Lover’s-steps 1220. a Low Belia 1217. b *Lowellia 1993 Léwenmaul 1205. a Loéwenmaul, grosses 151. a Léwenzahn 1959. a Lowries, Sturdy 644. b Loxa bark 498. d, e Lucerne 129!1.d | . tLucerne 1294, a, 1437. a Lucerne, Sweet 1300. a Lucerne, Yellow 1291. b Lucifer 1291. d Lucif r-matehes 1860. a *Ludwigia 1072, 1100, 1230 *Luina 1669 Lukwati 769. a GENERAT INDEX. *Luma 118 Lumbang nut 69. a *Lunanaea 533 Lunary 290. a, 1234. a Lung-yen 1400. ¢ Lungenhabichtkraut 1005, h Lungenkraut 1692 a Lungenkraut, gelbes 1005.e Lungwort 1692 Lungwort, American 13i4.a Lungwort, Bullock’s 2090.b Lungwort Cow’s or Clown’s 2090. b Lungwort, French 1005. e Lunzgwort, Golden 1005, € Lungwort, Sea 1623. a Lungwort. Smooth 1314. a Lungwort, Tree 1314. a Lungwort, Virginia 1314. a LUPINE (Lupin) 1235 Lupine, False 1985 Lupuline (Lupulite) 1028. a Lupulinum (Lupulina) 28. a Lupulus 1028. a Lupus salictarius 1028. a Lurkey-dish 1308. h Lustwort 707. a *Luzula 1097 *Lychnis 61. a, 2104 Lycope 1242 Lycoperde des bouviers 1238, a *Lycoperdon 737 Lycoperdon-nuts 737. a Lycopode 1240. a *Lycopodium 1825 *Lygodesmia 1689 *Lyonia 2139 Lyre-tree 12!l.a *Lysanthe 917 *Lysimachia 1388, 1904 Lysimaque 1249 *Lythrum 652, 1511 Macaja butter 629. a Macary-bitter 1961, a Mace (Macis) 1377. b Mache 2078. a *Maclura 472, 2011 *Macropiper 1320 *Macrotys 497 Mad 219.4 Mad-apple 649. b, ¢ Mad-dog weed 72. a Mad-nep 1516. a Mad-weed 1821. c¢ Mad-woman’s-milk 803. d Madar 854. a Madder 1749. a }Madder 145, b Madder, Field 1840, a Madder, Indian 1429. a Madder, Wild &63 f. g Madeira-nut 1096. d Madeira-wood 1934. a Maden-weed 145. b Maderwort 187. b *Madia 138, 951, 129 Madness (Madnep) 982. a Madrofio (Madrona) 172 Madu-nut 623. a Madwort 361. a, 1112. a Madwort, German 200 Mafura (Mafurra) tree 2026. a *Mafureira 2026 Magell 644. ¢ Magellanicus cortéx 706. a Mag het 482. f MAGNOLIA, species 1262 Maguey plant 46. c *Maharanga 1441 *Mahogani 1934 tMahogany 1730. f Mahogany, Australian 790.p ‘Mahogany, Bastard 790. p Mahogany, East Indian 417. b, 1879. a Mahogany, False 1546. a Mahogany, Forest 790. y Mahoyzany, Horseflesh 1248. Mahogany, Indian 417. b Mahogany, Irish 79. a Mahogany. Kentucky 930.a Mahogany, Mountain 261. b, 437 Mahogany, Red 790. y Mahogany, Swamp 790. z Mahogany tree 1934. a Mahozany, White 790. z *Mahonia 251. d Mahwa (Mahwah) 240. b *Maianthemum 2061 Maiblume 562, a Maid-of-the-meadow 2057. a Maid-sweet 2057. a MAIDENHAIR, species 40 tMaidenhair 468. a, 885. b Maidenhair, Black 204. a Maidenhair, English 204. d Maidenhair, Golden 1619. a { Maidenhair, Golden 1643. a Maidenhair, White 204. ¢ Maidenhair tree 889. a Maiden’s-honesty 514. d Maiden’s-tears 1851. b Maiden’s-ruin 187. a Maid’s-hair 863. a, i Maid’s-love 187. a Maiglocken 562. a Maile (Maire) 89. a Mairan 1455. a, ¢c Mais, Filament de 2148, a Maisbrand 2071. a Maise 145. b Maispistille 2148. a Maize 2148. a . Maize, Water 2097. a Maize-smut 207L. a 1 Maize-thorn 423. b Majoe-bitter 1961. a Majoran 1456. c, d *Majorana 1456 Make-beggar 1761. a Make-peace 261. a Makebale 1634. a Malabar-nut 39. a Malabathri folia (cortex) 500. Malacoa nat 1829. a *Malachodendron 1924 Malagueto de montana 103. a Malambo bark 606. d Male Fern 712. da Male-fern, Buckhorn 1471.b . Malice 1270. a Malicorium cortex 1694. a Mallamak 1066. e Matlee tree 790. t ehh ALLOW, species Mallow 87" allow, False 1271. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. a Mallow, Glade 1384 Mallow, Globe 1888, 1848 Mallow. Indian 6. a, 1847, 2065. a Mallow, Jew’s 569. b Mallow, Marsh- 87. a Mallow, Musk 1003. a Mallow, Poppy 348 Mallow, Rose 1003. d, e Mallow, Sea 1146. a Mallow, Swamp 1003. e Mallow, Water 1003. e Mallow, Tree 1146. a Mallow, Venice 1003. i Mallow, White 87. a Mallygowl 344. a Maltese-cross 1236, b *Malva 348, 1271 Malva arborea 87. b Malva vulgaris 1270. b Malvaviscus 87. a *Malveopsis 1271 Mamaeiro 383. a Mamey tree 1273. a Mamilier 140. d Mammee 1228. a Mammee Apple 1273. a *Mammillaria 337, 1224 Mawmoth tree 1832, b Man-of-the-earth 1066. n Man-root 1066. k, n Martaca (Manacaén) 317. a Manaca 1052. a Manawa 223. b Manchineel 1007. a Manchineel, Mountain 1730. g *Mancinella 1007 Mancona bark 786, a Manconarinde 786. a Mandelbaum 111. a ‘Mandeln ill.a *Mandioca 1276 Mandrake, (American) 1625. a fMandrake 189, a, 1956. a Mandrake, European 1274.a Mandrake, False 320. b Mandrake, Round 891. b Mandrake, Wild 1625. a, 501. a Mangaba (Manguava) 946. a Manygabeira rubber 946, a *Mangas (Manga) 1275 Mangel-wurzel 259. a Mangle 1829. a Manglier 1727. a Mango 1275. a {Mango 867. c, 1069. a Mango, Mountain 523.a eee (Mangostine) 86 c. *Mangostana 867 Mangosteen 867. c Mangrove 1727. a ea A aig 526. b angrove, Black 223. a Mangrove, Olive 223. a Mangrove, White 1130. a, 223. b Mangrove, Zaragoza 557. a Mangue 1727. a Mani 1352.a Manicou 219. a Manila-nut 168. a Manioc (Mandioc) 1276. b Manna 845, b, d Manna, Australian 790.i,j,k Manna, Briangon 1138. b Manna, Jew’s 1955. b Manna, Lebanon 419. a ;Manna of Sinai 70. a Manna, Persian 70. a Manna, Tamarisk 1955. b Mannstreu 781. b Man’s-mother-wort 1735. a Mantil 1641. d Manzaunilla romana 145. ec Manzanillo 1007. a Manzanita 176 MAPLE, species 16 Maple, Ground 1000. b Maple, Suge 16. g, also 16, a, Maple, Vine 1306. a Maple-flower 248. a Marany-nut 1829. a Marasca 1668. e Maraschino 1668. e Marble-flower 1497. d March (Merch) 158. a, b March, Wood 1775. a March-and-May 167. a Marcory 1914. a Mardling 1159 Mare’s-tail 1008. a, 1174. a, 206. c Marg 145. b *Margacola 2027 Margaret 248. a Margerome 1456. d Margosa 1299. a Marguerite 248. a, 482. d, e Mari veri herba, 1973 ¢ Marian 362.e Marienblatt 482. a Marigold (Marygold) 344 Marigold, Bur- 263. f, g. h Marigold, Corn 482. g Marigold, Fetid 720 Marigold, Field 482. g Marigold, French 1951. b Marigold, Marsh 355 Marigoid, Rayless 263. g Marigold, Water 263. d Marigold, Wild 482. g Marigold, African 1951. a Marjerim 1456. d Marjolaine 1456. ¢c Ma joram, Knotted 1456. c Marjoram, Pot 1456. d. +Marjoram, Spanish 2067. ¢ Marjoram, Sweet 1456. ¢ Marjoram, Winter 1456. d Mark-weed 1730. h Markerry 464. d, 1730 h Marking-nut 1829. a Marle 1318. a Marl-grass 2032. f, j Marmalade-box 880. a Marmalade tree 1228. a Marool 33. a Marronier 400 Ma: row, Vegetable 614. b, 1546. ¢ Marrube blane 1281. a Marube noir (fétide) 230. a Marrubiastrum 1165. ¢ Marrnbii aquatici Herba 1242. b Marrubium foetidum 230. a Marrubium nigrum 230. a Marsh-beetle 2055. a Marsh-berry 1476, b 44] Marsh-locks, Purple 547. a Marsh-mallow 87. a Marsh-nut 1829, a Marsh-pestle 2055, a Marshwort 1476. b Martinoe 1284. a *Maruta 145 Marvel 1281. a Marvel-of-Peru 1335. a Mary-bud 344, a Mary-buds 1711. ¢ Marzvielchen 2102. d Masliebenblume 248, a Mast tree 2. a Masterwort 982. a +Masterwort 135. b Masterwort, English 48. a Masterwort, Imperial 1058. a, 209. a Masterwort, Wild 48. a Mastic, Algerine 1605. b Mastic, Barbary 1605. b Mastic, Bombay 1605. c,d Mastic tree 1605, a, 1849. a Mastic-tree, Peruvian 1799. a Mastich, Herb 1994. d Mastich, False 215. a Mastix 1605. a *Mastocarpus 887 . Mata perro 1282. a, 1672. a Maté 1053. e Mater secalis 512. a Mathas, Red 44. b Mathes 145. b Matfelon (Mater-filon) 423. d Matico 1602. a tMatico 802. f, 2113. b Maticoblatter 1602. a Matitas 7.d *Matonia 742 *Matourea 1350 Matricaire-482. f *Matricaria 115. b, 482 Matrimony 1234. a Matrimony vine 1237, ¢ Matrisilva 201. b Mattenkraut 1153. f Maudlin 482,a Maudlin, Water 802. ¢ Maudlinwort 482. e Mauerepheu 961. a Mauerpfeffer 1824, a Maul (Maws) 1270. a Maulbeerbaum 1364. b Mauritius-weed 1739. b Mausdorn 1755. a Mauredhrchen 1005. f Mauve 1270. a, b, ¢ Maw-seed 1497. d Mawroll 1281. a *Maximowiczia 1050 May 167. a, 2058 d May, Italian 1895. b May-apple 1625 May-blub 376. a May-blossom 562. a May-bush 592, a May-flower 754. a, 513. a, b, 133, b, j, 379. c, 1693. a 1940. a May-pops 1515. ¢ May-star 2031, a May-wings 1638. 0 May-wreath 1895. b Mayeti, Luban 289, b 442, May-weed 145. b +May-weed 1285. a Mayweed, Fetid 145, b Maywort 863. e Mazzard 1668. e M’boundou 1923. h Mead-sweet 2057. a Meadow-beauty 1724. a Meadow-bloom 1711. f Meadow-bouts 355. a Meadow-burs 1375. ¢ Meadow-parsnip, Early 2154, a Meadow-parsnip, Golden 2154. a Meadow-parsnip, Purple Meadow-pride 844. a Meadow-queen 2057. 2,1895.d Meadow-root 1202. a MEADOW-RUE, species 1976 Meadow-rue 1940. a Meadow-runagates 1249. a Meadow-sweet 2057. a +Meadow-sweet 1655. a, b Meadow-sweet, Common 1895, ¢ Meadow-sweet, Pink 1895.d Meadowwort 2057. a Meakin 1376 Meal-berry 176. f Meals (Mails, Miles) 464. a Mealy-tree 2095. i Meat-nut 400. ¢ Mecca Balsam 550. e Mechamech 1066. n Mechoacan 815, under b Mechoacanna 1066. n Meconium 1497. d *Meconopsis 1927 Meddow-soot 2057. a Medesiiss 2057. a MEDIC, species 1291 Medick 1291 *Medica 1291 Medlar 1318. a Medlar, Dutch 1318. a Medlar, English 1318. a Medlar, Japanese 769. a Medie tree 1318. a Meerlinsen 1214, ¢ Meerrettig 1742. a Meerthau 1744. a Meerzwiebel 2066. a Meeting-houses 166. a Meetru 240. ¢ Meg-Many-feet 1711. h Meg-weed 1866. a *Megarrhiza 1325 Megerkraut 863. i Mehlbeerbaum 1875. ¢ Meiran, (Mayran) 1456. c Meisterwurz 1088. a Mekilwort 219. a *Melaleuca 339 Melampodium 974. b Mélampyre 1296 *Melanogaster 2047. g Melanthii semen 1411. b *Melanthium 479, 2007, 2089, 2159 Melde, stinkender 464. i Méléze 1138. b Melge 464. a *Melicocca 817, 1042 *Melilobus 895 MELILOT, species 1800 GENERAL INDEX, Melilot, Blue 2032.d Mélilot officinal 1300. b Melilotenklee 1300. b *Melilotus 2032 Melilotus citrinus 1300. b Melilotus coeruleus 2032, d *Melissa 520, 960 Melissa citrata 1302. a Mélisse officinale 1302, a *Melissophyllon 1303 *Melittis 1251 Melmot berries 1099, b *Melo 613. a MELON,varieties 613. a Melon shrub 1867. | Melon tree 383. a Melonenbaum 383. a Ménisperme du Canada 1306. a *Menispermum 117, 357, 416, 581, 1090 Mentha acuta 1308. j Mentha romana 482. a, 1308. j Mentha saracenica 482, a Menthe de chats 1399, a Menthe de cheval 1348. b Menthe poivrée 1808. g Menthe pouliot 1308. h Menthe verte 1308. j Menthe-coq 482. a Menthol 1308. a, b, § *Mentzelia 794 Ményanthe 1310. a *Menyanthes 302, 1197 *Menziesia 319, 1576 Mequot 1831. a Mercuriale 1312 Mercurio-vegetal 317. a Mercury, Baron’s 1312.b Mercury, Black 1730. h Mercury, Boy’s 1312. b Mercury, Dog’s 1312. b Mercury, English or False 464, d Mercury, French 1312. a Mercury, Girls 1312. b Mercury, Maiden 1312. b Mercury, Scotch 677. a Mercury, Thvree-seeded 9 Mercury, Vegetable 317. a Mercury, Wild 464. d Mercury-dockan 464, d Mercury-weed 9. a Mermaid, False 836 Mermaid-weed 1663 *Merostachys 232. q Merry (Black) 1668. e *Mertensia 1623 Mescale buttons 1224, a *Mesembryum 1316 Mesenna 64. a *Mespilus 96, 185, 584, 592, 769, 997, 1875 Mesquit (Mesquite) 1664. a,c Messmate tree 790. r *Metagonia 2075 Metalista root 1335. a *Metopium 1730 *Meum 839 Mew 1323. a Mexico-seed 1735, a Mezcal 56. ¢ Mézéréon 644,c ~ Mezereon, American 689. a Mezereon, U.S. P. 644,a,b,¢ Mezquite (Meskit) 1664.8 © Micken 1323.a *Micrageratum 2027 *Micromeria 1789 *Micropus 905, 1677, 1926 *Microseris 1687, 1818 *Microstylis 21 Midsummer-men 1824. ¢ Miere, rothe 116. a MIGNONETTE, species 1717 Mignonette, Jamaica 1148.a Mignonette-vine 1259, a *Mikania 2119 Milchkraut 893. a Milfoil 18 Milfoil, Water 1376 TMilfoil, Water 242. a Milium solis 1214. ¢ Milk-grass 2078. a Milk-the-cows 586. a Milk-tree 315. b, 1946. a Milk-vetch 208 Milk-vine 1544. a Milkmaids 379, ¢ MILKWEED, species 195 {Milkweed 17, 160. a, b, 196, 803. a, h, 1871. b, ¢ Milkweed, Marsh 802. j Milkweed, Running 2101. a Milkweed, Trumpet 1125. a Milkweed, Wandering 160.a MILKWORT, species 1638 Milkwort, Sea 893. a Milky-dickles 1871. b,c Milky-tassels 1871. b, ¢ Mill-mountain 1208, a *Milla 131 Millefeuille 18. a Millefolium 18. a Millepertuis 1043. b *Milleria 834 Millet 1496. a Millet, African 1876. b Millet, Australian 1876. a Millet, Black 1876. b Millet, Broom corn 1496. a Millet, Cat-tail 1531. a Millet, East Indian 15381. a Millet, Egyptian 1531. a, 1876. a Millet, German 447, a Millet, Golden 447, a_ Millet, Hungarian 447. a Millet, Indian 1876. b Millet, Italian 447. a Millet, Morocco 1876. a Millet, Pearl 1531. a, 1876, b Millet, White 1300. a Millet, Yellow 1300. b Milo 1987. 1 Milsilvestre 1222. b Milt-waste 441. a Mimosa 31, 1182 *Mimosa 7, 751, 1248, 1361, 1608, 1664 Mimosae gummi 7, k, ete Mimosen-gummi 7, k, ete *Mimulus 684, 800 Mingwort 187. b Minnie-bush 1311. a MINT, species 1308 Mint, Balm 1302. a Mint, Bergamot 1308. ¢ Mint, Cock 482. a Mint, Field 1399. a Mua OP RT ETe species ne NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Mint, Mountain 520. b, * 1348. a, 1456. d Mint, Rock 1973. f Mint, Squaw 960. a Mint, Stone 616. a Mint, Wild 63. ¢ Minze, griine 1308. j Miraculous-berry 1849. b Mire-blob 355. a Mirrot 651. a Mirtle (Mirtil) 1380. a Mishmee bitter 567. a Misseltoe (Miseltoe) 2105. a Missey-moosey 1875. a Mist 935, a Mist-flower 802. e Mistel 2105. a Mistletoe 1226 Mistletoe, American 1572 Mistletoe, European 2105. a Mistress-of-the-night 1635. a *Mitreola 682 Mitrewort, Common 1837. a Mitrewort, False 1997. a Mitrewort, Two-leaved 1337. a Moccasin-flower 636. a, etc Mocker-nut 1004. a Mock-willow 1895. ¢ Modesty 1003. i, 327. a Mogdad-kattee 396. i Mogtord 187. s Mohawk-weed 2073. a Mobn 1497. d Mobre 651. a Mohwa tree 240. b Mole plant (Mole tree) 803.g Moléne 2090. b Molewort, Alpine 167. a Molette 329. a *Molle 1799 Mollipuff 1238. a *Mollugo 896 Molompi 1682. b Molucca grains 606. h *Momordica 724, 1232, 1325 *Monarda 270 - Monchspfeffer 2107. a Mondkorn, Candisches 1306. a Monesia bark 1228. c Monesiarinde 1228. ¢ Money-grass 1726. a Money-plant 1234, a Moneywort 1249. a Meneywort, Prairie 1904. a Monkey 25. i Monkey-bread 32. a Monkey-face tree 1267. a Monkey-flower 636, d, e, 1333 Monkey-grass 220. b Monkey-nut tree 1999. a Monkey-pot tree 1152. a Monkey-puzzle 171. b Monkey’s dinner-bell 1029. a Monkey’s-face 2102. f Monk’s-head 1959. a Monkshood 25. esp. i Monkshood 262. b onnayére 1249. a *Monnieria (Moniera) 780 *Monothrix 1136 *Monotropa 1046, 1684. *Monotropion 1356 *Montia 613 Moodooga oil 331. a Moon Creeper 1066. h Moon-berry 1476. b Moon-fern 290. a Moon-flower 1066. h, 482. e, 1310. a +Moon-flower 133. g Moon-penny 482. e Moonog 1476. b Moonseed, Canada 1306 Moonseed, Carolina 416. a Moonseed, Red-berry 416. a Moonshine 12i. a, 904. a Moonwort 290. a, b Moor 350. a Moor-grass 1. a, 707. a Moor-pawme 774 Moorva 33. a Moorwort 122. a, 707. a Moos, irlandisches 477. a Moos, islaindisches 442. a Moose-berry (Moose-bush) 2095. a Moose-misse 1875, a Moose-wood 689. a, 16. ¢ Moosebeere 1476. b *Moquinia 906 Morass-weed 433. a Morel, Great 219. a Morelle 1867. 0 Morelle a grappes 1585. b Morelle furieuse 219. a Morelle grimpante 1867. j Morgan 145. b Morgan, Dutch 482.e Morgeline 2094, i Mormon-weed 6. a Morning-glory 1066. i, j, k Morning-glory, Dwart 063.d Morning-glory, Red 1702. a Morocco, Red 44. b Morrel 1867. j Mortification-root 87. a *Morus 316 Moschatel 46. a Moschatenuss 1377. b *Moschoxylon 2026 Moschuskraut 1973. c Moschuswurzel 828. h Mosquito-bells 693, a Moss, Bear 1649. a Moss, Beard 2070. a Moss, Besom 1649. a Moss, Black 2001. a Moss, Canary 1150. b, 1739.a Moss, Clubfoot 1240. a Moss, Corsican 1889. a Moss, Cypress 1240, d Moss, Ditch 1566. a Moss, Dyer’s 1739. a Moss, Fir 1240. g Moss, Florida 2001. a Moos, Flowering 1559. e, 1700. a, 1824. g Moss, Golden 492. a, b, 1649. a, 1824. a Moss, Ground 1026. b,1649. a Moss, Hair-cap 1649. b Moss, Hanging 2001. a, 2070. a Moss, Iceland 442. a +Moss, Iceland 1824. k Moss, Idle 2:70. a Moss, Irish 477. a, 887. a +Moss, Irish 803. b Moss, Kentucky 1656. a Moss, Long 20v1. a 443 Moss, Maple 2070. a Moss, May-queen 1649, b Moss, Mountain 1824, a, 1825. ¢ Necklace 2070. a New Orleans 2001. a Moss, Pearl 477. a Pyxie 1700. a Rock 1824, g Moss, Rose 1656. a Running 1240. a Moss, Sea 887 Moss, Snake 1240. a Moss, Spanish 2001. a Moss, Staghorn 1240. a , Tartarean 1150. b Moss, Tree 803. b, 1240, g, 2070. a Moss, Wall 1824 Moss, Worm 1889. a Moss-berry 1476. b Moss-bush 397 Moss-cup 774 Moss-milion 1476. b Moss-plant 397 Mote nut 378. b Mother cloves 796. a Mother-die (Mother-dee) 148. a Mother of Rye 512.a Mother-of-thousands 629. a, 1792, a Mother of Thyme 520, a, d, 1994. a Mother of Wheat 1296. a, 2094, i Mother’s-heart 329. a Motherwort 1165, 802. j Motherwort, Golden 904. b Motherwort, Hoarhound 1165, c Motherwort, Stinking 464. i Mottenkraut 2032. d MOUNTAIN ASH, species 1875 Mountain-fringe 42. a Mountain-snow 803. i Mountain-sweet 415. a Mourning-bride 1794. b Mourning-widow 1794. b Mouron rouge 116. a Mouse-bur 1284. a Mouse-ear 1373. 904. ¢ Mouse-ear, Virginia 1137. b Mouse-ears 981. b Mouse-milk 803. d Mouse-tail 1374 Mouse-thorn 423. b Wousebane 25. i Mousse de Corse 1889. a Mousse d’ Islande 442. 4 Mousse perlée 477. a Moussena 64. a Moutan (Meu-tang) 1488. a Moutarde blanche 1856. a Moutarde des moines 1742.a Moutarde noire 303. d Mouth-root 557. b Moving-plant 1294. b Moxa 968. a Moxa plant 187. m Moxie-berry 468. a Mozemize, Indian 1875. a Muatta-pana 338. a : Muck-weed 464. a, 1657. b Mudar 354. a, b ; Mudweed 12u3 444 Mudwort 1203 Muflier 151. a Muggert 187.5 Mugget (mugwet) 201. b Muguet 562. a Mugweed, Golden 863. e Mugwort 187. k,s Mugwort, Indian 1513. a3 Muira-puama 716. a MULBERRY, species 1364 +Mulberry 1750. a, g, k, 1875, € Mulberry, Bermuda 347, a Mulberry Blite 273. a Mulberry, Dwarf 1750. f; Mulberry, French 347. a Mulberry, Indian 13859 Mulberry, Paper 316. a Mulberry, Tahiti 316. a *Mulgedium 1125 Mullein 2090, 1660. d MULLEN, species 2090 Mullen, Pretty 1660. dj Mullen, Sage-leaf 1568. a Mulo 1987. 1 Mungo 1446. a *Mungos 1446 Munjeet 1749. a Murg 145. b Marier 1364. b Murrain-berry 320. b, 1956.a *Murraya 449 Muruxi bark 334. a Muscade 1377. b Muscatellersalbei 1769. d Muscovy Musk 777. b Musenna (Mussena) 64, a Mushroom 53 Mushroom, Fairy-ring 1278. a Mushroom, Poisonous $0, a Musk 46. a, 75. a Musk, Vegetable 1333. a Musk-deer plant 1201. a Musk-flower 1333. a Musk-plant 1270. e, 1333. a Musk-root 828. h, 46. a Musk-seed 1003. a Musk-tree, Silver-leaved 1431. a Musk-wood 2026. bi Muskatnuss 1377. b; Muskrat-weed 1976. d Musquash-root 495. b Musquash-weed 1976. d MUSTARD, varieties 308. a, c, d, 1856 +Mustard, Black 1712. a Mustard, California 1860. a Mustard, Dish 1989. a Mustard, False 1633 Mustard, Garlic 74. a Mustard, Hedge 1860.!a, 235. a Mustard, Mithridate 1989. a, 1168. ¢ Mustard, Orange 782. a Mustard, Poor-man’s 74. a Mustard, Tower 167. c Mustard, Treacle 782. b, 561. a Mustard, White 1856. a Mustard, Wormseed 782. b Mustard-seed, Black 303. d Mustard-seed, Yellow or White 1856. a Mustard-shrub 874. ¢ GENERAL INDEX. Mustard-tree 1768. a Mutterharz 828. ¢ Mutterkorn 512. a Mutterkraut 482. f Mutterkiimmel 615. a Mutterwurzel 1323. a Mutton-tops 464. a My-lady’s-belt 2057. a Myall 7. g *Myagrum 361, 1180 *Mylitta, 2047. f *Mylocaryum 519 *Myosotis 1137, 1609 Mypes 1516. a *Myrica 551 Myrica, oil of 1594. a Myrcien6ol 1594, a *Myrcia 1594 *Myristica 2103 Myrobalanan 322. b, d Myrobalanen, graue 1575.b Myrobalang 322. b,d Myrobalans, Chebulic 322. d Myrobalans, Emblic 1575. b *Myrobalanus 322 *Myrospermum 2008 *Myroxylon 2003 Myrrh (Myrrha. Myrrhe) 530. d +Myrrh 13878. a *Myrrhis 901, 2115 Myrte 1380. a Myrte, brabanter 1375. ¢ Myrtilli fructus (Myrtilla) 2075. a Myrtillorum baccae 2075. a MYRTLE, species 1380 +Myrtle 2100. b Myrtle, Bog 1310. a, 1375. ¢ Myrtle, Blue 415. ¢ Myrtle, Bridal 1380. a Myrtle, Burren 176. f,1375.¢ Myrtle, Candleberry 1375.b Myrtle, Common 1380. a Myrtle, Cranberry 1380. ¢ Myrtle, Cape 1127. c Myrtle, Devonshire 1375. ¢ Myrtle, Dutch 1375. ¢, 1380.a Myrile, Jew’s 1755. a, 1380.a Myrtle, Lime 2038. a Myrtle, Moor 1375. ¢ Myrtle, Running 2100. b Myrtle, Sand 657 Myrtle, Shepherd’s 1755. a Myrtle, Sweet 26. a Myrtle, Wax 1375. a Mirtle, Wiid 1755. a *Myrtoleucodendron 339 *Myrtus 118, 796, 1594 Mysterious plant 644. ¢ *Myxa 2085 Nabelkraut 586. a Nachtschatten, schwartzer 1867. 0 Nachtkerze 1436. a Nailwort 702, 1506, 778. a Naked-ladies 534. a Naked-weed 474. a *Nama 705 *Nani (Nania) 1321 Nanny-berry (Nanny-bush) 2095. ¢, 1 +Nanny-berry 2095. e Nap-at-noon 1458.a, 2016, a Nape 303. b Naphae flores 506. c Napoleons 2032, i Naranjilo 2186. g Narcisse des prés 1385.4 — Narcisse, gelbe 1385. a Narcissus, Poets’ 1385. e Nard 1886. a Nard, Américain 170, ¢, e Nard, amerikanische 170. c, e Nard, Celtic 2077. a Nard, Wild 194. f Nard-grass 129. ¢ *Nardosmia 1548 Nardus 2077. a Nardus americana 170.c,e - Nardus indica 1386. a Nardus rustica (silvestris) 194. f *Narthecium 1, 2007 *Narthex 828 Naseberry 20. a *Nasmythia 771 Natterkopf 731. a Natterwurz 1641. e Natural-grass 1291. ¢ : Nature’s-mistake 576. f Nasturtii pratensis herba 379. ¢c , Nasturtium (Nasturtion) 2044. a *Nasturtium 1742 *Nastus 232. r *Nauclea 1473 Naughty-man’s-plaything 2067. a Naupie 1488. b *Nautea 1981 Navelwort 586, 1033. ¢ Navelwort (Water) 1376 Navette, Wild 303. b Navew 303. b Nebbuk tree 2155. h Nebneb 7. a *Neckeria 372 Necklace-tree 1457. a Necklace-weed 1442. a, 28. a Neckweed 2094. j Neckweed (Nick weed) 370.a *Nectandra 1424 Nectarine 111. b Neele 1220. a Neezewort 2089. a Negro-head 1584. a Negro-vine 2101. a *Negundo 16. b *Neillia 1448 Nelkenpfeffer 1594. b Nelkenwurz 885. d Nelkenzimmt 674. a *Nelumbium 1391 *Nemopanthus 1054 Nénuphar blane 399. a Nénuphar jaune 1420. b *Neobeckia 1742 *Neottia 936, 1538 *Nepeta 894 Nephritic plant 1513. b *Nephrodium 712 Nuprun purgatif 1721, d *Nerium 212 Neroli, oil 506, ¢ Nerve-root 636. a, ete Nerve-root, Water 195. b | Nervine, Female 636. f Nervine, Male 636. d, e *Nessaea 652, 963 Nest-root 1356. a NETTLE, species 2067, 2068 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Nettle, Bee 861. a, 1132. a Nettle, Blind 1132. a Nettle, Canada 2068. a Nettle, Day 1132. a, ¢ Nettle, Deaf 1132. ¢ Nettle, Dog 861. a, 1132. c Nettle, Dumb 1132. a Nettle, Dunny 230. a 1132.a Nettle, Flowering 861. a, 1132. a Nettle, French 1132. ¢ NETTLE, HEMP, species 861 Nettle, Sand 1091. a Nettle, Spurge 1091 Nettle, Stingless 41. a, 1132. a Nettle, White 1132. a Nettle, Wood, 2068, a Nettle-berry 422. b Nettle-potato 1914. a Nettle-tree 422, 2019. a Networt 1528. a Neugewiirz 1594. b *Newberrya 979 Ngai 275. a Ngmoo 714. b *Nicandra 1579 Nicaragua wood 328. b Nicker-nut (Nickar-nut) 923. a, b Nicker (Nickar) tree 930. a Nicotiane 1410.b *Niebuhria 2116 Niepa bark 1770 *Nieremborgia 1175 Niesswurz $74. b,c Niesswurz, gelbe 567. b Niesswurz, weisse 2089, a Nigella, Field 61. a Niger-seed 925. a Nigger-head 1751. a, 1865. o Nigger-toes 257. a Nigger-weed 802. j Nightingales 189. a tNightshade 464. f Nightshade, American 1585. b Nightshade, Beaked 1867. v Nightshade, Bindweed 501.a Nightshade, Black 1867. o Nightshade (Climbing) 1867. j -J Nightshade, Common 1867.0 Nightshade, Deadly 219. a Nightshade, Enchanter’s 501 Nightshade, Fetid 1041. b Nightshade, Garden 1867. o Nightshade, Silver-leaved 1867. p — Nightshade, Sleeping 219. a Nightshade, Woody 1867. j Nightshade, Yellow-flower- ed 2064. a Nim (Neem) tree 1299. a Nimble-Kate 1845. a Nine-bark 1448 Ninety-knot 1641. d Ninsin 1595.c +Ninsin 1493. b *Niobe 851 *Niota 1770. a *Niouttout £50 Nipplewort, Dwarf 183. a Nit-weed 1786. a Nitta tree 1503. a Noah’s-ark 636. a, ete Noble-pine 466. b *Nochetta 493 Nohu 2024. a Noisetier 579 *Noisettia 123 Noix d’aree 177. a Noix de galle 1704. n Noix de Kola 533. a Noix de sassafras 1390. a, b Noix muscade 1377. b Noix vomique 1923. d Nombril de Vénus 586, a Nonda tree 1500. b Nondo 1193. a None-so-pretty 185i. a, 2102. f *None-so-pretty 121. a None-such 1236. b None-such (Black) 1291. ¢ Noni 1359. ¢ Noon-flower (Noon-tide) 2016. b Noonday-flower 2016. b Nosebleed 18. a, 2036. b Nosegay tree 1621. a, b *Notaphoebe 1546 Notchweed 464. i Noyer gris 1096. a Noyer commun 1096. d Nuces catharticae 618. a Nuces nucistae 1377. b Nuces vomicae 1923. d Nunnari 977, a Nunqua (Nutqua) 1831. a Nun’s whipping-post 91. b Nuns i022, a *Nuphar (Nyphar) 1420 Nurse-garden 1269. a Nut-grass 635. b Nut-pine 1601. e, g, ete Nutgalls 1704. n, o Nutmeg 1377. a Nutmeg, American 1352. a Nutmeg, Calabash 1352. a Nutmeg, False 2050. a Nutmeg, Guinea 1352. a Nutmeg, Jamaica 1352. a Nutmeg, Mexiean 1352. a Nutmeg, Peruvian 1142.a Nutmeg-flower 1411. b Nutmeg tree, Brazilian 609. a Nutmeg tree, California 00, a Nutmegs, Long 1377. c - Nutmegs, Male 1377. ¢ Nutmegs, Wild 1877. ¢ Nutta tree 1503. a Nuttal tree 579. ¢ Nuttall’s-weed 571. a *Nuttallia 348, 1462 Nuttre 579. ¢ Nux euboea 1096. d Nux metella 1923. d Nux moschata 1377. b Nux persica 1096. d Nux regia 1096. d Nux vomica 1923. d Nyapana 802. m *Nyctago 1335, see 1419 Nyctelea 1256 *Nymphaea 399, 1391 *Nymphoides 1197 *Nymphozanthus 1420 Oak, species 17 Oak, Australian 405 Oak, Golden 647. b Oak, Ground 1978. b 445 Oak, Indian 1981. a Oak, Jerusalem 464. c, e Oak, Poison 1730. h, i, j Oak, Sea 849. b Oak, Silk (Silk-bark) 917. a Oak, Swamp 405. a Oak-apples 1704. n Oak-balls 1704. 0 Oak-plum 1704. w Oak-warts 1704. n *Oakesia 570, 2073 Oats, Common 221, a fOats, Wild 2073 Oats, Water 2153. a Obedient-plant 1581. a Obier 2095. d Oblionkers 50. b *Obolaria 1350 Occulus Christi 1769, d Ochsenzungenkraut 124. a *Ocotea 1390 Ode 10671. a Odermennig 59. a *Oenanthe 1479 *Oenocarpus 1454 *Oenothera 142, 278, 490,864, 872, 907, 1107, 1293, 1313, 1436, 1485, 1890, 1960 JOenothera 1147 Oignon commun 76. c Oha-wai 517. a Ohelo 2075. f, g Ohia 1086. b Oil, Artists’ 69. a Oil, Bay Laurel 1144. a Oil, Ben 1360. a, b Oil, Cade 1099. ¢ Oil, Haarlem 1699. c Oil, Katchung 168. a Oil, Kekune 69. a Oil, Keora 1495. a Oil, Lumbang 69. a Oil, Madia 1260. a Oil of Bays 1144. a Oil, Olive 1430. a Oil, Red 1043. b Oil, Rose Geranium ~| 1526; Db; ¢ Oil, Sapucaya 1152. b Oil, Siringa 1001. b Oil, Sweet 1430. a Oil, Tambor 1434. b Oil-nut 1096, a, 1698, a, 1735. a Oil-plant 1837. a Oil-seed $25. a, 1735. a Oil-seed, Siberian 361. a Oily-grain 1837. a Okra (Ochro) 1003. ¢ Okra, Wild 1264 Olcott-root 1753. h Old-field Sweet 206. d Old-goose 636. a, etc Old-maid’s-bonnets 1235 Old-maid’s-nightcap 883. a Old-man 187. a, 1744. a Old~man’s-beard 469. a, 514. d, 1792, a, 2001. a Old-man’s-flannel 2690. b Old-man’s-pepper 18. a Old-man’s-plaything 1595. b Old-man’s-root 170. e Old-man’s-woozard 514. d Old-sow 121. a, 2032. d Old-wives-mutches 25. i Old-woman, 187.b Old-woman’s-bitter 1961. a 446 *Oldenlandia 1022, 1535 *Olea 1470 OLEANDER, species 1403 *Oleander 1403 Oleander, Wild 6'2. a Oleander, Yellow 1988. a Oleaster 1430. a Oleaster-tree, Wild 1166.a,b Oleum templinum 1601. m Oliban 289. a Olibanum 289. a Olibanum, Indian 289. d *Oligogyne 1941 Olive 1430 Olive, American 1470. b Olive, Fragrant 1470. a Olive, Spurge 644. ¢ Olive, Wild 1344. a +Olive, Wild 2138. a Olive, sie (of California) 2059 Dive. sent: Wild 1166. a, b Ollick 76. a Olonier 172. b Olsenitii radix 1554. d Ombéné 533. a Ombligo de Venus 1033. ¢ *Omphalium 1435 Onagre (Onaye) 1919. a Onagre 1436. a Onani 1362. a One-berry 13386. a, 1501. a, 422. a One-blade (One-leaf) 2061. a One-o’clock 1959. a Onion 76. ¢ Onion, Bog 181. b fOnion, Bog 1471. b Onion, Crow 76. j Onion, Gypsy 76. h Onion, Sea 2066. a Onion, Shore 76. f Oodbine 1222. b Oonshine 506. 1 *Ophelia 1933 *Ophelus 32 *Ophiorhiza 632 *Ophrys 936, 1176 Opium 1497. a Opium, Lettuce 1125. f Opium, Wild 1125. a sOplotheca 848 soak cine 550. e opanax 1447, a top opanax 7. d Opossum tree 1210. b *Opuntia 1415 Orach 128. esp. f Orache (Orage) 218. f ORANGE, varieties 506. c, d, e, 1 Orange, Mock 1564. a, 1668. f, 324. b, 1929. b tOrange Mock 1825. ¢ Orange, Osage 2011. to Orange, Quito 1867. Orange, Spring 1999. ¢ e Orange, Vegetable 613. a Orange, Wild 506. c, 170. f, 1668. f yOrange, Wild 2136. e Orange-blossom 2036. b Orange-flower tree 1564. a Orange-grass 1786. a Orange-root 1032. a, 195. d Orange-root, Climbing 421.a Orcanet, Garden 124, a GENERAL INDEX. Orcanette 73. a Orchard weed 148. c Orchil 1150. b Orchil (Orchella) 1739. a *Orchis 113, 938 Orchis, oiler ore 1630. Orchis, Eranctdly 2004. a Orchis, Cuckoo 1450. d Orchis, Flaming 938. g Orchis, Fringed 938. c,d,e,g Orchis, Male 1450. d Orchis, Man- 1450. d Orchis, Marsh 1450. a Orchis, Purple 1450. g Orchis, Showy 1450. g Orchis, Spring 1450. g Orchis, Tree 753 Ordealbohne 1582. a Oreille de liévre 327. a Oreille de souris 1005. f Orellana 266. a *Oreodaphne 1424, 2059 *Oreophila 1487 *Oreoselinum 1058, 1554 Organ (Organy, Orgament) 1456. d Organy 1308. h Orge 1019 Oriental-berries 117. a Origan 1308. h Origan vulgaire 1456.d Origano 1209. b Origanum 1456. d *Origanum 1111 Origanum, American 1348.b Orl 79 Orlean 266. a Orleana 266. a Orme & trois feuilles 1681. a Orme champétre 2058. d Orme fauve 2058. f Orme pyramidal 2058. d *Ornithogalum 1047 *Ornus 845 *Orobanche 558, 1170, 1974 Orobanche de Virginie 1170. a *Orobus 1140 Oronge, Fausse 90. a Orphan-John 1824. ¢ Orpies 1824. ¢ Orpine, American 1824. d Orpine, Garden 1824, ¢ Orris-tebt 1068. a, b, ¢ Orseille 1150. b Ortie blanche 1132. a Ortie brulante 2057. a Ortie rouge 1900. a Orungurabie 714. b Osage 2011. a Oseille commune 1753. a - Ossille de Guinée 1003. g Osha 1193. b Osier 1764. a, 1, m Osier, Golden 1764. a, 1375. ¢ Osier, Green 576. a, e Osier, Red 576. b, i Osier, White 1189. b *OQsmorrhiza 901, 2115 Osmund, Royal 1471. b - Osmund-the-waterman 1471. b *Osmunda 290 Oso-berry 1462 Osterich 1641,.¢ Osterleiwurzel, feste (volle) 372. a Osterluzei 182. a, c, e Ostritzwurz (Ostranz) 1058. a Ostruthii radix 10F8. a Oto 541. a Otoba butter 1377. d *Ottonia 1602 Ottwurz 1062. a Ouabe 1434. a Ouler, Sea 1875. ¢ Our-Lady’ s-seal 1639. c, d Ouvirandra 164 Ova-ova 1356. a Owl’s-crown 886. a, 904. b Owler 79 Owm 2058. d Ox-balm 539. b Ox-berry 1956. a Ox-eye 965. a, 972, 44. ¢ Ox-eye, Sea 287. a - Ox-eye, White 1482. 6 Ox-eye, Yellow 482. g Ox-heal 974. a Ox-tongue 124, a, 1591 Oxadoddy 1171. a Oxford-weed 629. a Oxlip 1660. b Oxwort 1548. a *Oxybaphus 75 Oxy!apathi radix 1753. e *Oxys 1475 *Oxytenanthera 232. 8 *Oxytropis 169 a fe evil (Oyster root) ae Hysteria 1623. a Oyster-plant, Spanish 1815.a *Pachyma 1238 *Pachypodium 1983 Paddock-cheese 199. a, 1238. a Paddock-pipes 758. c, 1008.a Padelion 65. b *Paepalanthus 717 Pagle (Pagil, Pargle) 1660. b, d sigh tree 1621. b, ¢, 1874. a +Paigle 711. ec Pain de coucou 1475. a Pain de porceau 625, a Pain de sucre 119. a Pain des grenouilles 72. a Pain des singes 32. a Paina 1578. b Paint-brush 1043. f Paint-brush, Devil’s 1005. a Paint-brush, Flora’s 1005. a eer tio 1B Ae 403. a : Paint soot; “ladian 937. a PAINTED-CUP, species 403 Painted-grass 1559. a Painting plant 1214. a Pa-koo 889. a Pakoe-kidang 84. a, 669. a Paku-kidang 84. a, 669. a *Palala 1377 *Palafoxia 1646 Palas tree 331. a Palay 2127. a Palewort 1711. f Pali-mara 85. b Palin (Palisandre) NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. {Palm 2046. a Palm, Bast 220. b Palm, Brown 220. b, 1990.a Palm, Cabhage 1454. a , Chip-hat 1990. a Cohune 220. a , Corazo 220. a Date 157U. a Fan 285. a Fern 623 Palm, If 1963. a Palm, Ivory 1584. a Palm, Oil 736, a Palm, Palmyra 285. a Paim, Royal 1454, b Palm, Sago 1322 yPalm, Sago 623 Palm, Sugar 529. b Palm, Thatch 1990 Palm, Toddy 285. a Palm, Washington 1397. a Palm, Wax 439. a, 566. Palma Christi 938. a, 1450. a, b, ec, 1735. a Palmetto, Blue 1722. a Palmetto, Cabbage 1757. a Palmetto, Dwarf 2144. d Palmetto, Royal 1757. b, 1990. b Palmetto, Saw 1833. a Palmetto, Silk-top 1990. b Palmetto, Silver-top 1990. a Palmetto, Texas 1757. b Palmyra Palm 285 Palo de vaca 315. b Palommier 870. b Palsy wort 355. a, 1660. d Pameroon bark 2026. b Panama tree 1912. s Panamarinde 1705. a Panbotano bark 346 Pancake plant 1270. b Pancakes 586. a *Pancratium 1037 Panemeholz 1788. a Panic-grass 1496 *Panicum 376, 447, 1531 Pansy 2102. f Pansy, American 2102. e Panther-wood 349. a *Panzeria 1165 Pao Pareira 875. a Papaveris erratici flores 1497. ¢ Papaw (Pawpaw) 383 Papaw, North American 198. a *Papaya 383 Papaybaum 383. a Pappelkraut 1270. ¢ Papple (Pawple) 61. a Pappoose-root 413. a Paprica 377. a Papyrus 635. f *Papyrus 635 Paquerette 1667. a Para-coto bark 1390. d Para-grass 220. b Para-nut 257. a Paradise, Grains of 101. d,g Paradise plant 644. ¢ Paradise tree 1854. a, b Paraguae folia 1053. k Paraguay Tea, False 2095.b Paraiba 1854. a Parakresse 1893. a Paralyseos radix 1660, d *Parapetalifera 236 Paraquet-bur 2041. a *Pardanthus 879 Pareira brava 475. a Pareira brava, False 5 Pareira brava, White 5. b Pareira brava, Yellow 5. a Pariétaire 1499. a Parilla, Yellow 1306, a *Parinari 1500 *Parisette 1501. a Paritory, Wall 1499. a Park-leaves 1043. a *Parkeria 434 *Parkinsonia 435 *Parmelia 442 Parnassus, Grass of 1505 Parsil 1562. a Parsimon 681. e Parsley 158. b, 1552. a Parsley, Ass 51. a, 148. ¢ Parsley, Beaked 148. b Parsley, Coney 148. c Parsley, Cow 148. ¢c Parsley, Devil’s 148. ¢ Parsley, Dog’s 51. a Parsley, False 51. a Parsley, Fool’s 51. a Parsley, Garden 1552. a Parsley, Hedge 411 Parsley, Hemlock 554 Parsley, Horse 1866. a Parsley, Macedonian 1866.a Parsley, Marsh 158. a,1554.d Parsley, Mountain 1554, ¢ Parsley, Poison 555. a Parsley, Rock 1552. a Parsley, Sand 100 Parsley, Sea 1190. a, 1193. ¢ Parsley, Sheep's 148. ¢ Parsley, Spotted 555. a, 495. b ' +Parsley, Water 1733. a Parsley, Welsh 370. a Parsley, Wild 158. a,1866.a, 2154. a Parsley-breakstone 66. a Parsley-piert 65. a Parsley-vlix 65. a Parsnip (Varsnep) 1516. a Parsnip, Cow 982 Parsnip, Meadow 2154. 3 PARSNIP, WATER, species 63 Parsnip, Water 258 Parsnip, Wild 495. b, 1863.a Parson-and-clerk 189. a *Parthenopsis 2088 Partridge-berry 1336.a, 870. b Partridge-berry, Mountain 468. a Partridge-vine 1366. a Partridge-wood 2110. b Pas d’ane 2053. a Pasper 599. a PASQUE-FLOWER, species 1693 Passeflower 44. b Passerage iberide 1168. d Passerose 87. b Passevelours 91. a ieee cae ites species 515 Passion-vine 1515 Passions 1641. e, 1753. k Passule 2108, e 447 *Pastinaca 1447 Pastinaca aquatica 1863. b Pastnip (Pasnet) 1516. a Patchouli (Patchouly) 1631. a Paternostererbsen 4. a Patience 1753. e *Patience, Garden 1753. k *Patsjotti 1922 Pauson 1773. a *Pavonia 1142 Pavot 1497. ¢ Pavot cornu 892. a Pawms 1764. é€ Pawpaw 198 a, 383 Pea, Beach 1141. a Pea, Bird-egg 1556. a Pea, Buffalo 208. b, 2096. b Pea, Butterfly 522 ; Pea, Canada 2096. c Pea, Chick 493. a Pea, Coffee 493. a Pea, Common 1607. a Pea, Cow 2098. a Pea, Craw 1141. da Pea, Crow 2096. e Pea, Crow- 747, a’ Pea, Egyptian 493. a Pea, Everlasting 1141. a,f,g Pea, Garden or Field 1607.a Pea, Ground 157. a Pea, Ground-squirrel 1093. a Pea, Heart 380. a Pea, Hoary 590. d Pea, Marsh 1141. b, ¢ Pea, Meadow 1141. d Pea, Milk 856 Pea, Mouse 1141. d Pea, Partridge 396. g Pea, Potato 157. a Pea, Rabbit 590. d Pea, Scurfy 1679.f, g Pea, Sea or Seaside 1141. a Pea, Sensitive 396. f, g Per, String 1607. a Pea, Sugar 1607. a Pea, Sweet 1141. e Pea, Trailing 157, a Pea, Turkey 590.4, 767. a Pea, Wild 605. d, 1141. b Pea, Wild Sweet 590. d Pea-tree 1838. a Pea-vine 823. a, 2096. b Peach 111. b Peach, Guinea 1784. a Peach, Native 853. a Peach, Negro 1784. a Peach, Sierra Leone 1784. a Peach, Vine 613. a Peach, Wild 1668. f Peach-wood 338. b Peachwort 1641. n Peagle 1660. b Peanut 168 Peanut, Hog 823. a Peanut, Wild 823.a Pear 1699. a is Pear, Alligator 1546. c Pear, Avocado 1546. c Pear, Balsam 1347. b Pear. Choke 185. a, 1699. a Pear, Garlic 593. a Pear, Grape 96. b Pear, Holy-ghost 1546. ¢ Pear, Indian 96. c Pear, Juice 96. c 448 Pear, May 96. c Pear, Prickly 1449. esp. b Pear, Strawberry 438. b Pear, Sugar 96. b, c Pear, Whitten (Whitty) 1875. e Pear-iree, Widbin 1875. ¢ Pearl-plant 1214. a, ¢c, 1442. a Pearl-weed 1761 Pearls-of-Spain 1368. a Pearlwort 1341, 1761 Peat-weed 652. a Pecan (Peccan) 1004. h Pecan, Bitter 1004. b Pech, burgunder 2. a Pécher 111. b *Pecten 1796 Pedelyon 65. b Pedery 714.4 Pediculaire 1523 Pedicularis semen 656. a Pedis cati flores 144. a Pedlar’s-basket 629. a, 1792, a Peen-to 111. b- Peepul tree 831. ¢ Peg-root 974. ¢ Peg-wood 801. ¢ Pegukatechu 7. b *Pekea 393. a Pellamountain 1973. d, 1994. a Pellas 1270. a Pellitory 115. esp. b, 482. f Pellitory, American 1499. a Pellitory bark 2136. ¢ Pellitory, Bastard 18. d Pellitory, European 18. d Pellitory, German 115. a Pellitory of Spain 115. b, 1058. a Pellitory-of-the-wall 1499. a Pellitory, Wall 1499. a Pellitory, Wild 18. d Pencil-flower 1928, a Pencil-tree 226. a Pencil-wood 1099. e Penghawar-djambi 492. a, b Pen-gwyn 312. a Penicaut 781. b *Penicillaria 1531 Penny-cress, Field 1989. a Penny-flower 1234. a Penny-grass.1033. d, 1726. a Penny-hedge 74, a Penny-John 1043. b Penny-leaves 586. a Penny-mountain 1994, a pea eect (Penny-plates) 586. a Penny-post 1033. a Penny-rot 1033. d Penny-winkle 2100. b ;+Pennyroyal 1111. b Pennyroyal, American 960. a Pennyroyal, Bastard 2030.a Pennyroyal, European 1308. h Pennyroyal, False 1070 _Pennyroyal, High 616. a Pennyroyal Mock 960. a Pennyroyal, Wild 1308. a ni PS 586, a, 629. a, GENERAL INDEX. Penny wort, Indian, 424. a Pennywort, Marsh 424,1033 Pennywort, Thick-leaved 424. a *Pentaptera 322 PEONY, species 1488 Pepillary 1652. | Pepino 1867. 1 Peponis semen 614. d Pensée sauvage 2102. f Pepper, African 377. b Pepper, African Black 611.f Pepper, Ashantee 611. f Pepper, Australian 706. c, 1602. h Pepper, Betel 460. a Pepper, Bird 377 +Pepper, Bird’s 1168. a, b Pepper, Black 1602. g Pepper, Cayenne 377. b, ¢ Pepper, Chicken 1711. a Pepper, Chili 377. a +Pepper, Chili 1799. a Pepper, Cubeb 611. a, f Pepper, Elephant 460. d Pepper, Garden 377. a Pepper, German 644, c Pepper, Glenn i168. ¢ Pepper, Goat’s 377. a Pepper, Guinea 377. a, b, 611. f, 2140. a Pepper, Jamaica 1594. b Pepper, Japanese 2136, a, b Pepper, Java 6ll.a Pepper, Long 460. b, e Pepper, Melagueta(Meie- gueta) 101. g Pepper, Negro 2140. a Pepper, Pod 377 Pepper, Poor-man’s 1168.c,e Pepper, Red 377 Pepper, Spanish 377. a Pepper, Tailed 611. a Pepper, White 1602. g, 1189. b, 2139. a Pepper, Wild 644, c, 2036. f Pepper-and-salt 767. a Pepper-and-shot 329. a Pepper-bush, Sweet 518. a Pepper-cress, Garden 1168.e Pepper-crop 1824. a Pepper-plant 329. a, 1641.1 Pepper-root 660 Pepper-shrub 1799. a Pepper-tree 1799. a +Pepper-tree 706. a Pepper-tree, Monk’s 2107. a Pepper-vine 105. a Pepper-wood 2136, e Peppergrass 1168 Pepperidge 1421. c- Pepperidge-bush 251. e Peppermint 1308. g Peppermint, Japanese 1308. a, b Peppermint, Mexican 960.c Pepperwort, Mithridate 1168. ¢ Peppermint tree 790. a,f,h,s Perce-muraille 1499, a Perce-pierre 65. a Perceley (Persel 1552. a *Periclymenum 1222 *Perdicium 2042 Peregil 158. b Periparabo 1602. i, j *Periploca 977 Peritre 115. b PERIWINKLE, species 2100 Perlgerste 1019. a Perlgraupen 1019. a Perlhirse 1214. c Perlmoos 477. a Pernambuco-wood 338, b Pernel, Orange-lily 116. a Perpulut 2065. a *Persea 674, 1424 Persian bark 1721. k *Persica 111. b Persicaria (Persicary) 1641. n Persicaria, Biting 1641. 1 Persicaria, Water 1641. a Persicary, Garden 1641. m Persil 158. b, 1552. a PERSIMMON, species 681 Persio 1150. f Pertimugget 863. a Peru-balsam 2008. a Peruvian bark 498 Pervenche 2100. a Pesse 2. a Pesse d’eau.1008. a Pestilence-w 1548. a Pestilencewort 1548. a Pestilenzkraut 860. a *Petalostemon 1118 Peterschliissel 1660. d Petersilge 158, b, 1552. a Petersilie 158. b, 1552. a Petit ehéne 1973. b, 2094. d Petit nard 170. ¢ Petroselini fructus 178. b *Petroselinum 158 Pettigree 1755. a Petty-morrel 170, e, 1867. 0 Petty-rice 464. h *Peucedanum 134, 697, 1058, 1479, 1516, 1686 *Peumus 280 Pewterwort 758. b *Peziza 814 Pfaffenhiitchen 801. c Pfaffenpint 189. a Pfaffenréhrehen 1959, a Pfeffer, langer, 460. d Pfeffer, spanischer 377. a. Pfeffer, schwarze 1602. g Pfefferkraut 1168. d, 1789. a Pfefferminze 1308. g Pfennigkraut 1249. a Pferdeminze 1348. b Pferdfenchel 1427. c - Pferdfliegenstrauch 234. b Pferdschwanz 758 : Pfeilwurzel 1277. a Pfingstrose 1488. b Pfirsch 111. b Pflaume 1668, h Pfriemenkraut 641. b *Phaca 1464 *Phalangium 146, 471 *Pharbitis 1066 *Pharnaceum 1839 *Phaseolus 1921 Pheasant’s-eye 44 *Phelipzea 1974 Phellandrie aquatique 1427. c *Phellandrium 1427 Phellandrium 1427. ¢ *Philibertia 1565 bya cit] Phlox, Garden 1569. ¢, f | / NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, Phlox, Moss 1569. a Phlox, Woods 1781.a Phlox, Yellow 782. a *Photinia 769, 997 Phthisic-weed 1072. a *Phu 2077 Phulwara 240. a *Phyllamphora 1398 Phyllitidis folia 1814. a *Phyllitis 1814 *Phyllostachys 232, t *Phymosia 1888 *Physalis 1187, 1279, 1706 *Physaloides 2122 Physic, Indian 1655. a, b, 160. b Physic-nut 618. a *Physocarpa 1448 *Physostegia 306 Physostigmatis semen e@ 1582.4 Pia plant 1947. a Piany (Pianet, Piney) 1488. b *Picea 2 Pichi 819, a Pichurimbohne 1390, a, b Pichury beans 1390. a, b Pick-cheese 1270. b Pick-needle 777. b Pick-pocket 329. a Pick-purse 329, a,f1884. a Pick-tree 170. f Pickerel-weed 1650 tPickerel-weed 242, a, 1657. *Pickeringia 1051 Pickle-plant 1763. a Picotee 664. a *Picraena 1590 *Picramnia 1961 Picride 1591. b Picry 1730. h ° Pie-marker 6. 2 Pie-plant 1723. e Pie-plant, Wild 1753, f Pie-print 6. a Pied d’alouette 656. ¢ Pied de chat 144. a, 904 Pied-de-corneille 883. a Pied-de-lion petit 65.a Pied-de-veau 189. a Pig-grass 147, a Pig-nut 1004, c, e, 559. a Pig-root 1861. a Pig-tail 863. a Pig-wrack 477. a Pigeon-berry 1585. b, 96. a, 170. b, 1836. a, 1750, a Pigeon-grass 2091. f Pigeon-root 513. c¢ Pigeon tree 170. f Pigmy-weed 2000 Pignon 1601. b Pigweed 91. esp. d, 464 +Pigweed 456. a Pigweed, Winged 626 *Pilea 41 Pilewort 760. a, 91. d, 830.a, 1820. b, ¢° Pili gossypii 912, c *Pilicordia 2085 Piligan 1240. h Pillards 1019 *Pilosella 1005. f Piloselle 1005. fj Pilot-weed 1852, a Piment de Cayenne 377. b \ Piment de la Jamaique 1594. b Piment des jardins 377. a Piment rouge 377. a Piment royal 1375. c Pimentary 1302. a Pimento 1594. b Pimpernel 2094, b *Pimentus 1594 +Pimpernel 1667. a Pimpernel, Blue 1821, c, 116. a Pimpernel, False or Bastard 426 a Pimpernel, Italian 1774. b Pimpernel, Red 116. a Pimpernel, Scarlet 116. a Pimpernel, Sea 99. a Pimpernel, Small 1595. b Pimpernel, Water 1772 Pimperniisse 1605. f Pimpinall 1774, b Pimprenelle 1774. c Pin-ball 428. a PIN-WEED, species 1151 Pin-weed (Pin-grass) 777. a Pinang 177, a Pinckney bark 1597. a Pincushion 144, b, 1794. a Pincushion tree 2095. d Pindar 168, a PINE, species 1601 *Pine 119. a Pine, Amboyna 55. b Pine, Blister 2. b Pine, Cat 1587. a Pine, Festoon 1825. b Pine, Field 1026. a Pine, Fir 2. b Pine, Ground 1240. a, b,c . TPine, Ground 63. a, b, 1786. a, 1973. a Pine, Kauri 55. a Pine, Moon-fruit 1240. e Pine, Norfolk Island 171. a Pine, Oregon 1674. a ine, Prairie 1124. b Pine, Running 1240. a Pine, Screw 1495. a Pine, Silver 2. f Pine, Spiral 1240. ¢ Pine, Spruce 1587. b, 2046. a Pine, Strassburg 2. t Pine, Wax 55 Pine-apple 119. a Pine-barren Beauty 1700. a Pine-cheat 1884. a Pine-drops 1684, a Pine-needle 777. a Pine-nut 1601. a Pine-sap 1046. a Pine-sap, Sweet 1357, a Pine-weed 1786. a Piney-varnish tree 2086. a Pinguin 312. a PINK, species 664 Pink, Bearded 1200. a Pink, Boston 1781. a Pink, Carolina 1892. b Pink, Chimney 1781. a Pink, Clove 664. a Pink, Corn 6l.a Pink, Cushion 1851. c,1903.a Pink. Dwarf French 1851. a Pink, Election 225. a Pink, French 423. e, 1903. a Pink, Grass 1200, a NOT TO PAGE. 449 Pink, Ground 1569. e Pink, Hedge 1781. a Pink, Indian 1892. b, 1286.a, 1638. c, 1702. b Pink, Maryland 1892. b Pink, Meadow 225. b, 938d, 1236. d Pink, Mice 1851. a ink, Moss 1569. e, 1851. c Mountain 754, a Mullen 1236. c, 61. a , Old-maid’s 1781. a, 61. a, 1851. a Pink, Rock 1953. a Pink, Rose 1758. a Pink, Saxifrage 2051 Pink, Sea 1851. b, 1903. a Pink, Scawfall 1903. a Pink, Swamp 225. a, b, 975, 1200. a Pink, Wax 1656. a Pink. Wild 179. a, 1569. e, 1851. f Pink, Winter 754. a Pink-bloom 1758. a Pink-needle 777. a, b Pink-needles 1796. a Pink-root 1892, a, b Pink-weed 1641. d.n Pinkster-flower 225, a Pinne tree 2086. a *Pinus 2, 419, 1138, 1587, 1674, 2046 Pinyon (Pifion) 1601. c, d,e Pipa 769. a Pipe-plant 1356. a Pipe-stem 1592. b Pipe-tree 1945. a Pipe-vine 182. b *Piper 460, 611, 1820 Piper ethiopicum 2140. a Piper cajannense 377. b Piper caudatum 611. a Piper hispanicum 377. a Piper jamaicense 1594. b Piper longum 460. d *Piperella 1328 Piperidge (Peprage) 251. e Piperidge, Spotted 466. a - Pipple 1652. 1 Pipul tree (Pipal) 831.¢ Pipewort 717 Pipitzahoic acid 1541. a Pipsissewa 466. a, b *Piptocalyx 111¢ Piquillin 5538. a *Piratinera 315 *Pirus 1269, 1699 Pisang 1367. da *Piscidia 1052 Piscidie 1052. a Pisky-stool 53. a Pismire 482. 6 Pissaba 220. b Pissabed 1711. f, 1959. a Pissenlit 1959. a Pistache de terre 168.2 | Pistacien 1605. f Pistachio nut 1605. f Pistolochia 182. ¢ *Pisum 1141 Pitaya bark 498. b Pitch, Burgundy 2. @ Pitch, Dammer 2086, # 450 Pitcher-plant, California La Pitchforks 263. f, g *P*toxylum 1600 *Pittonia 294 Pituri (Pitchuri) 714. a Pivoine officinale 1488. b Pix alba 2. a Pix burgundica 2. a Pixie (Piskies) 1851 *Plagianthus 1128, a *Plagiobothrys 1872 Plane-tree 1612. a, b, ¢ Plane-tree, Mock 16. d Planer tree 1610 *Planotia 232. u Plant-of-glutron 576, d Piaqueminier 681 PLA\NTAIN, species 1611 Plantain d’eau 72. a PLANTAIN, INDIAN, species 1315 Plantain, Indian, Sweet- scented 1942 Plantain, Mud 993. b, ¢ Plantain, Net-leaf 1538. a,b Plantain, Poor Robin’s 1005. i Plantain, Rattlesnake 1538 Plantain, Robert’s 768. ¢ Plantain, Robin’s 768. ¢ Plantain, Snake 1005. i Plantain, Spotted 1588. a Plantain, Water- 72 Plantain, White 15388. b, 144, b *Plaso 331 *Platanthera 938 *Plectocephalus 423 Plentage 290, a Pleurisy-root 195. d Plowman’s-wort 1619.a Pluff 1238. a PLuM, species 1668 7Plum 1474 Plum,. Assyrian 2085. a Plum, Bay 1675. b Plum, Buneh 576. c Cocoa 483. a Darling 1719. a Date 631 Downward 1849, ¢ . Dowwnard 326 , Gingerbread 1500. a Plum, Gopher 1421. b Plum, Ground 208. b, o Plum, Guiana 713. a Plum, Hog 1898. b ‘Plum,Ivory 468. a, 870. b Plum, Jamaica 1898 b Plum, Japan 769. a Plum, Malabar 1086. a Plum, Marmalade 1228.a Plum, Mountain 2138. a Plum, Nanny 2095. ¢ Plum, Pigeon 526. a Plum, Saffron 1849. ¢ Plum, Sapodilla 20. a Plum, Seaside 2138. a Plum, Sebesien 2085. a Plum, Seeded 681. e Plum, Squaw 1536. a Plum, Sugar 96. c Plum, Thorn- 592. (g) Plum, Winter 681. e aera 1641. n lume d’eau 1021 GENERAL INDEX. Plumgranite 1668. a Plyvens 2032. f Poaya 343, a, 2062. a Pock-weed 1883. a Pock-wooa 919, a, b Pockenwurzel 1865. ‘b Pockholz 919. a, b *Podalyria 234, 1985 Podder 620 *Podophyllum 1093 Podophyllum, Rhizome de 1625. a Poele bark 85.¢ * Poha 1578, b Pohickery 1004 *Poincea 1632 Poirier 1699. a Pois a gratter 1865. a Pois d’Amérique 4 a Pois velus 1365. a Poison-berry 27. b,-189. a, 1053. a, 1867. j Poison-flower 1867. j Poison-nut 1923. da Poison-tree 1730. Poison-vine 1730. h Poison-wood 1730. g Poivre 4 queue 611. a Poivre de Guinée 377. a Poivre des murailles 1824. a Poivre long 460. d Poivre noir 1602. g Poix de Bourgogne 2, a Poix des Vosges 2, a Poix jaune 2. a Poke, Indian 2089. b Poke, Stinking 1883. a Poke, Tree 1585. a Poke-berry 1585 Poke-root 1585. b +Poke-root 2089. b Poke-weed (Pocan) 1585. b Polander 1660. d Polar-p!ant 1852.4 Polecat-weed 1883. a Polei 1308 h Polei, amerikanischer 960. a *Polemonium 1256 Pollom, Red 870. b' Pollum, Little 1638. c Pollum, White 468. a Poly, Grass 1250. c Poly-mountain 520, a, d Poly-mountain, (Yellow) 1973. d Polyanthus 1660. d 7Poiyanthus 1635 *Polydymia 1670 Polygala de Virginie 1638.h Polygala, South American 1351. a : Polygala virginiana 1638. h *Polygonum 821, 1640 *Polyotus 17 *Polyphema 188 Polypod (Polypode) 1643. a Polypode commun 1648. a *Polypodium 622, 712, 1561 Polypody (Polypoddy) 1643. a Polypody, Pale Mountain 1561. b Polypore du Méléze 1644.4 *Polystichum 712 *Pomaria 1009 Pomegranate 1694. a +Pomegranate 1668, | Pomegranate, Vegetable 613, a Pomeranzenbaum 506. ¢ Pomme blanche 1679. b . Pomme canelle 140. e Pomme d’amour 12389. a 4 Pomme d’ananas 119. a Pomme de prairie 1679. b Pomme de terre 1867. n ( Pomme épineuse 649. b, ¢ Pompelmos 506, g Pompelo 506, g Pompion 614. b, d Ponchishuiz 194, a Pond-grass 1657. d Pond-grass, Tassel 1754. a Pond-lily, Red-disked 1420. d Pond-lily, White 399 Pond-lily, Yellow 1420.a,b,¢ Pond-spice 1266. a PONDWEED, species 1657 *Pongamia 859 *Pongatium 1891 *Pontederia 993, 1586 Poolwort (Pool-root) 802. a, b Poon tree 353. a Poona oil 859 Poor-Anne 2089. b Poor-man’s-pepper 1824, a Poor-man’s-pharmacetty 329. a Poor-man’s-rhubarb 1976. a, b Poor-man’s-Ssoap 1895. d Poor-man’s-treacle 74.a,76.¢ ro 16 a Poor-Robin 863. a Pop-dock 677. a Pop-weed 2072. a, ete Popillary 1652. 1 Popiile 61. a POPLAR, species 1652 Poplar, Balsam 1672. b Poplar, Blue 1211. a Poplar, Hickory 1211. a Poplar, Silver-leaf 1999. e Poplar, Tulip 1211. a 7Poplar, White 1211. a Poplar, Yellow 1211. a Popple (Pope) 1497. ¢ Poppy, species 1497 any Poppy, Blue 423. ¢ Poppy, California 788 Poppy, Celandine 1927. a Poppy, Frothy 1851. b Poppy, Horn or Horned 89 ee 658 Poppy, Ss ‘ane » Porcelle 1045 - : Porillon 1385. a . Porreau 76.d- *Porrum 76 Porsch (Porst) 1153. b Porte-chapeau 1491. a *Portuna 1592 Possum-wood 681. e Posy, Indian 195. d NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Pot-herb, White 2078. a Potato, Canada 968. b Prince’s-feather 1641. m +Prince’s-feather 91. a, d, Purga 815. under b Purging-nuct 618. a 451 Potato, Cree 1679. b 1945 a Potato, Dakvuta 157..a Prince’s-pine 466, b Potato, Hog 1066. n, 2159. c Prince-wood 816, a Potato, Indian 157. a *Prinos 1053 Potato, Irish 1867. n Print 1194. a Purging-root 803. a Purgirkassie 409. b Purgirkorner 606. h Purgirkorner, kleine 803. g Purple-grass 1250. a, 12s1.a, Potato, Nettle- 1914. a Potato, Pig 157. a, 1479. b Potato, Sweet 1066. a Potato, Wild 1066. n, 613. a, b *Potentilla 547, 1020, 1080, 1844 *Poterium 1774 *Pothos 1883 Pothos fétide 1883. a Potiron, Semences de 614. d Poukenel 1796. a Pouliot Americain 960. a Poulivt commun 1308. h *Pourretia 1695 Poverty 1761. a Poverty-grass 1026. a, b, 570. a, 2032. ¢ Poverty-weed 904, a, 121. a, 144, b, 482. e, 1296. a Powk-needle 777. a Prairie-bush, Stinking 1681. 2 Prairie-dog weed 720. a Prairie-fire 403. a, ete Prairie-grub 1681. a Prairie-pine 1124. b Prairie-smoke 885. a Prairie-weed 1658. d *Prasium 1251, 1581 Preisselbeere 2075. p *Prenanthes 1243, 1381 *Prestonia 730 Pretty-grass 351. c Pretty-Nancy 185l.a Prick-Hollin 1053. a Prick-madam 1824, a, b, e *Pritchardia 1397 Privet 1194, a Privet, Egyptian 1148. a Privet, Evergreen 1721. a Privet, Pipe 1945. a Procession-flower 1638, 1, p *Prosartes 690 Prune 1668, h Prune-coton 483. a Prunier 1668, h *Prunus ill.a *Psathyrotes 1555, 2029 *Pseudo-acacia 1738 Pseudo-mastich 215. a *Pseudomagennetus 1282 *Pseudostachyum 232. v *Pseva 466 Psidii cortex 1694. a *Psilocarphus 989 *Psychotria 2u62 *Psychotrophum 1680 *Plelea 519 *Pteris 1527 Pterocarpi balsamum 687. a, etc *Pterostephanos 139 *Pterota 2136 *Ptilonella 269 Public-house plant 194, f Puccoon, Hoary 1214. b Puccoon, Indian 1214. b Puccoon, Red 1773. a Puccoon, White 1773. a Puccoon, Yellow 1032. a Puccoon-root 1773. a Puchero 1953. ¢ Puchurim (Pichurim) 2082. g Purple-lip 2083 Purple-tassels 1368. b Purplewort 547. a, 2032. g Purse-tassels 1368. b *Purshia 1120 Purshiana bark 1721, k PURSLANE, species 1656 Purslane (Purslain) 1656. b Purslane, Black 803. h, j Purslane, French 1656. a Purslane, Garden 1656. a Purslane, Horse 2023. a Purslane, Marsh 1072. a Purslane, Milk 803 a, h Purslane, Mud 739 Purslane Sea 99. a, 1839 Purclane, Spotted 803. h, j Purslane, Water 675, 1072. a Purslane, White 803. a Pursley, see Purslane Pursley (Pussley) 1656. b Purvain 2091. ¢ Pushion-berry 1867. j Pushpole 1497. d Pussy-cat (Pussies) 2032. ¢ Pussy-cats 1764. e, h Pussy-toes 144. b Putcha-pat 1631. a Putchuk 1791. a Putty root 159. a *Pycnanthemum 1111 *Pycreus 635 Pyddharr 1474. b Pyracanth 584. a Pyramid plant 844, a Pyréthre commun 115. a 1390. a Pyréthre du Caucase 482.b,¢ 801. ¢ Puck-needle 1796. a’ Pyréthre officinal 115. b Pricket 1824. a Pucker-needle 1796. a *Pyrethrum 482. b, c, 1285, PRICKLY ASH, species 2136 Puckfist 1238. a 1957 Prickly-bark (Pricky-bark) Pudding-grass 1308. h Pyrethrum germanicum 686, b Pudding-pipe tree 409.b_ 115. a Prickly-bur 400. a Pudding-stick tree 409. b Pyrethrum romanum 115. b Prick-timber (Prick-wood) Prickly-pear 1449 Pride-oj-Barbados 35. a ride-of-China 1299. q Pride-of-Columbia 1569, d Pride-of-India 1299. b Pride-of-Ohio 693. a Pride-of-the-meadow 2057. a Pride-weed 1174. a Prie 1194. a Priest’s-crown 1959. a Priest’s-piutle 181. b Prim-grass 147. a Primavére 1660. d Prime} 1660. d Primmily 1660. a PRIMROSE, species 1660 +Primrose 954, 1147, 1293, 1313, 1890 Primrose, Evening 1428, 1436. a tPrimrose, Evening 142, 1107 Primrose, Spotted 872 Primrose, Tree 1436. a Primrose-willow 1100 Primwort (Prim) 1194 a *Pulegium 1308 Puerto Rico bark 544, a Puff-ball 1238 +Puff-ball 380. a, 737. a, 1959. a Puke-weed 1217. b Pulas tree 331. a Puliall 1308. h Puliall-mountain 1973. d Pulicaire 1691. a Puliol-mountain 1994. a Puliolroyal 1308, h Pulmonaire des Francais 1005. e Pulmonaire officinale 1692.a *Pulmonaria 1314, 1623 Pulque 56. c Pulsatilla 1693. b Pulu 492. e, f Pulverholz 1721. g Pulvis goa 2110. a Pulvis insecticidus 482. b, ¢ Pumpkin 614. d Pumpkin, Wild 614. a Punk 1644. a Puppy 1497. c Pyrethrum, U.S. P. 115, b *Pycola 466, 1349 Pyrole 1696. d Pyrole ombellée 466. b *Pyrrhopappus 1862 *Pyrus 96, 185, 628, 1269, 1318, 1875 Pyxie 1700. a Quacksalver’s Spurge 803.b *Quaeria 152 Quafodil 1298. a Quai 1932, h Quakers 189, a Quaker-bonnets 1022. a Quaker’s-bonnets 1235 Quaker-buttons 1923. d Quaker-ladies 1022. a Quaker-lady 1895. c Quamash, Eastern 1701. a Quandong (Quandang) 853. a Quarter-vine 265, b Quatre épices 1411. b Quashy-quasher 1988. a *Quassia 1590, 1853 Quassia, Lofty 1590. a 452 Quassia, Surinam 1703. a Quassiae lignum 1703. a Quassie ameére 1703. 2 Quassie de la Jamaique 1590. a Quassienholz 1590. a, 1703. a Quebracho blanco 203. a Quebracho flojo 1064. a Quecke, rothe 382. 4 Queckeawurzel 60. a Queen Anne’s flower 1385.a Queen-of-the-meadow 2057. a, 1895. c, 802. j Queen-of-the-prairie 2057, b Queen-of-the-Sierras 2. d Queen-root 19i4.a Queen-weed 1516. a Queen’s-delight 1914. a Queen’s-neediework 1895. ¢ Quequiri 4. a Quendal 1994. a, b Quercitron 1704. w Quercus marinus 849. b Quick-beam 1875 a,d Quick- (Quitch) grass 60. a Quick-in-the-hand 1057. a Quick-set, May 592. a Quickens 60. a Quicksilver-weed 1976. a Quillaya 1705. a Quillet 2032. g FQuillwort 802. j Quina 1867. u *Quinaria 1514 Quince 628. a,b Quince, Bengal 47. a Quinine, Native 85. a Quinine, Wild 1513. b Quinine-flower 1758. b Quinine-plant (herb) 1758.b Quinine-tree 1681. a Quino-quino tree 2008. c *Quinquina 498 - Quinquina gris 498. c, e, Quinquina jaune 498. a Quinquina rouge 498. f Quinoa 464. h Quinsy-berry 1732. e Quinsywort 201. a Quintefeuille 1658, f Quital 1171. a Quitte, bengalische 47. a Quittenbaum 628. a Quiver-leaf 1652. i Quobsque-weed 809. a Raave 1566. a Rabbit-berry 1166. 2 Rabbit-brush 489. a Rabbit-meat 1132. c Rabbits i51. a, 629. a Rabbit’s-flower 677. a Rabbit’s-meat 148. c Rabbit’s-mouth 15l.a Rabbit’s-root 170. ¢ Rabone (Rawbone) 1712. b Raccoon-berry 1625. a Racine brasilienne 2062. b Racine de St. Christoph 28.c *Rademachia 188 Radiaire 209. a Radical-weed 1867. i Radish, Garden 1712. b Radish, Wild 1712.a *Ratinesquia 1396 Rag-jag 464. a Rag-woolwort 1831. k Ragged-cup 1852 b. GENERAL INDEX. Ragged-Jack 303. e, 1236. d Ragged-lady 14ll.a Ragged-Robin 1236. a, d Ragged-sailor 1641. m Ragweed 95 yRagweed 1831. f Ragweed, Woolly 1831. k Ragwort 1831. a Ragwort, Pale 1831. . ort, Tansy 1831. f Raifort 1742. a Rain-berry 1721. d Rainbow-weed 1250. a Rainiarn 1957. a Rainweide 1194. a Raisin d’Amerique 1585. b Raisin d’ours 176. f Raisin, Wild 2095. ¢ Raisin-tree 1732. h Raisins 2108. e *Rajania 318 Rambutan 1400. a Ramie 276. a Rampion 362. a Rampion, Large 1436. a Rampostan 1400. a - Ramps (Ramsden), 76. h Rams 534. a, 76 Ram’s-claws 1711. h Ram’s-head 636. b Ram’s-tongue 1611. b Ramsey 1439. a Ramson, Round 891. b Ramsons 74. h Ramsted 1205a Ramtil 925. a Rancid (Ranstead) 1205. a Rancooran 1474. a *Ranunculus 242, 830, 1478 Ranunculus, Globe 2043. a Rantipole 651. a Ranty-tanty 1753. b Rape 303. b TRape 1712. a Rape, St. Anthony’s 1711. f Rapper-dandies 176. f, 870.b Raps6l 303. b Rashburn 1439. a Raspberries-and-cream802.c RASPBERRY, species 1750 TRaspberry 1732. h Raspberry, Ground 1032. a Rassels 1439. a Rat-tail 1611. b Ratafia 1668. e Ratanhawurzel 1114. e Ratanhia 1114. e Ratanhiae radix 1114.qe Rattan Palm 341 Rattenpfeffer 656. d Rattle, Penny 1726. a Rattle, Yellow 1726. a Rattle-bags 1726. a, 1851. b Rattie-box 605, 1726. a,1229.a Rattle-bush 234. b Rattle-bush, Blue 234.a Rattle-nut 1391.a Rattle-root (Rattle-top) 497. a Rattle-weed 208. p, 497. a Rattler tree 1652. a Rattlesnake-bite 1976. d Rattlesnake Fern 290. b Rattlesnake-herb 27 Rattlesnake-root 1381. a,b,c, 1638. h, 2036. 2 ‘ Rattlesnake-weed 781. a, 1005. i, 1538. a Rattlesnake’s-beans 1853.a,b Rattlesnake’s-master 781. a, 56. d, 1124. a, b,e Rattlesnake’s-root 497. a | Rat’s-bane 148. c- 46% & 1538. a RATSBANE 1928. d Raute 1756. a Rawn tree 1876. d Ray-grass 1220. a *Reanalmia 742, 200i Rebendoldenkraut 1427. b Red-bean vine 3. a, 1731. a Red berry 27. b, 1493. b Red-berry, Swamp 1476. b Red-Betty 1217. a 3 Red-bird 883. b Red-bird‘s-eye 883. b Red-brush 576. b, i : Red-bud 436, a Red-butcher 1450. d Red-g:anfergregors 1450. d Red-gum 790. e . Red-head 195. a Red-Iudians 403. a, ete Red-ink plant 1585. b Red-knees (Red-shanks) 164. 1 Red-legs 1641. e Red-rattle 1523. b Red-Robin 883. b Red-rod 576. b Red-root 415. a, 758. ¢, 885. e, f, 1773. a . tRed-root 91. e,370. a, 1903.a Red-root, Carolina 937. a Red-root, Indian 937. a Red-rot 707. a Red-Sally 1250. a Red-seed 455. a Red-shanks 883. b, 1641.a,n, 1753. a Red-weed 1585. b, 1641. n, 1753. b Redoul 574. a Redwood 1832. a +Redwood 1682. d Red-wood, Indian 1879. a | Redwood (of Turkey) 576.4 Reed 192. a, 2153. a Reed-grass 1881 Reed-mace 2055. a ‘ f Reefort 1712. b : Réglisse 902. b Réyzlisse indienne 4. 3 Reine des prés 2057 a. Reis 1468. a Renoncule 1711. ¢ Reree 2055, a 13. Resin 1601. i ; Resina elastica 1001. a 7 Rest-harrow 1439. a, b Restis bovis, radix 1439. b — Resurrection-plant 122. a, 1825. a Rhabarber 1723. ¢ : *Rhacoma 1372 ‘ as *Rhamnus 1720 *Rhaphidophora 757 Rhapontic 1723. e RHATANY, species 1114 Rheea 276. a Rheum indigenum 1723. 6 ~ NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Rheum nostratis 1723. e Rheumatism root 1093, a, 465. a, b, 680. f Rheumatism-weed 160. a, b *Rhinanthus 647 Rhineberry 1721.da *Rhodanthe 968. c *Rhodivila 1824 *Rhododendron 225, 1729 Rhododendron, Carolina 1728. a Rhododendron, Catawba 1728, - 2 Rhododendron, Yellow 1728. b *Rhodymenia 943 Rhoeados petala 1497, ¢ RHUBARB, species 1723 Rhubarb, Bog 1548. a Rhubarb, False 1976. b Rhubarb, Meadow 1976. b Rhuharb, Monk’s 1753. k, , 1976. b 1 Rhubarb, Mountain 1753,k,1 Rhubarb, Poison 1548. a Rhubarbe de Chine 1723. ¢ Rhubarbe de Moscovie 1723. da *Rhus 583 *Rhyncolepis 905 Rib-grass (Ribwort) 1611. b Ribbon-grass 1559. a Ribbon-tree 261. a Ribesia rubra 1732. h *Ribesoides 744 Ribia rubra 1732. h *Ricardia 1733 RKice 1468. a Rice, Canada 2153. a Rice, Indian 2153. a Rice, Water 2153. a Rice, Wild 2153. a Rice-paper, Chinese 170. d Rich-leaf 539. b Rich-weed 539. b, 41. a, 95.b, 497. a, 802.a *Richardia 2147 *Richardsonia 1733 Ricin 1735. a Farinas major 618. a icinussamen, grosse 618. a *Riddellia 1687 Riébel 863. a Riely 1220. a Riementang 1131. a Rignum 1348, b Rilts 251. 2 Rima 188.a Ringelblume 344. a Ringworm powder 2110. a an age as a ipp ass 1611. River-bush 428. a River-weed 1627. a Riz 1468. a Rizzles ( Rizzer-berry) 1732. h Roan (Roddin) tree 1875. d Roanoke Bell 1314, a Rob sambuci 1771. e Robin-hood’s-fetter 514. d Robin-run-away 894. a Robin-run-in-the-hedge 8v4. a Robin’s-eye 16°8. p Robinier 1738. a Rock-berry 176. f wiht is Rock-fern 40. b Rock-lily 166, a, 1825. a Rock-plant 1824. a ROCK-ROSE, species 967 Rock-rose 1825. a Rock-weed 201. b, 883. b Rocket, Bastard 303. ¢ Rocket, Blue 25. i Rocket, Dame’s 990. a Rocket, Dyer’s 1717. a Rocket, False 1063 Rocket, Garden 990. a Rocket, Italian 1717. a Rocket, Prairie 782. a Rocket, Purple 1063, 456. a Rocket, Sand 685. a Rocket, Scrambling 1860. a Rocket, Sea 340 Rocket, Sweet 990. a Rocket, Winter 235. a Rocket, Wound 235.a Rocket, Yellow 235. a, 1717.a tRocket, Yeliow 1249. n - Rocou 266. a Rods-gold 344.4 Rogation-fiower 1638. i, p Roggen 1823. Roggenmutter 512. a Rohan 1879. a Rohrkassie 409. b Rohun (Rohuua) 1879. a Roland 781. b Roli-berry 1956. a Roman plant 464. d Romarin des marais 1202. ¢ Romarin sauvage 1153. b Roms 76. h Ronce sauvage 1750. g *Ronobea 1620 Rooster-heads 693. a Roosters 2102. ¢ Rope-bark 689. a Rorellae herba 707. a Roris marini folia 1744 a Roris solis herba 707. a Rosa-solis (Ros solis) 707. a 7Rosa-solis l. a Rosary plant, Mexican 1731. a ROSE, species 1743 Rose a rubie 44. b Rose, African 1497. ¢ Rose, Althea 87. b Rose, Burnet 116. a Rose, Canker 1497. c¢c Rose, Chinese(China) 1003.f Rose, Corn 1497. c, 6l.a Rose Bay, East Indian 1946. b Rose, Christmas 974, b, c Rose, Cliff 1903. a Rose, Copper 1497. ¢ Rose, Cotton 886. a Rose, Egyptian 1794 a,b Rose, Gipsy 1794. a Rose. Juno’s 1196. b Rose, Love 2095. da Rose, Mallow 1003.e Rose, May 2095. d Rose, Mexican 1656.8 Rose of Jericho 122. a Rose xf Sharon err > Rose, New-years Rose pale 1743. b Rose, Rock 503 i Rock 1903. a se rouge 1743 d Rose, Sage 2052. b Rose, Seusitive 1361. a . Rose, Sheep-shearing 1488,b Kose, Siberian 1728. b Rose, Snow 1728. b Rose, Snowdon 1824. h Rose, South Sea 143. a Rose tremiére 87. b Rose, Wind 1497. a Rose-bay 456. a Rose-bay, Dwarf 1728. e Rose-bay, Mountain i7Z8.a Rose-bay (Wild) 1728. d hose-Betty 768. ¢ Rose-may 1871. a Rose-noble 633. a Roseau grande 192.4 Rosée du soleil 707. a Rosella 1003. g Rosemary, Garden 1744.4 Rosmarin (Romarin,; 1744.a Rosmarin, wilder 1153. b Rosmarinus silvestris 1153.b Rosemary, Marsh 1202. a, 1153. b, 128. a Rosemary, White 206. c Rosemary, Wild 1153. b, 128. a, 863. a Rosenlorbeer 1403. a Rosewood 674. a, 1082. f, 1253 Rosewood, African 1682. b Rosewort (Rose-root) 1824h Roshé (Rosé) oil 129. da Rosier sauvage 1743.a Rosilla de puebla 965. a Rosin-plant 1852. ¢ Rosin-rose 1043. b Rosin-tree 1601. i Rosin-weed 1852. a,¢ Rosin-wood 488. b Rossfenchel 1427. c Rosshuf 2053. a Rosskastanie 50. o Rosswurzel 384. a Rosy-bush 1895. d Rot-grass 1599. a *Rotang 341 Rothbernitzbeere 2075. p *Rottlera 1267 Rottlerae glandulae 1267. a Rouge-berry 1737. a Rouge-plant 1737. a Rough-root 1124. b Rough-weed 1900. a Round-heart 1979. a Round-tree 1875. a, d Round-wood 1875. a, d Roving-Jenny 1792. a Roving-sailor 629. a Rowan-tree 1875. a, d Rowan tree, Dog 2095 Rubber, Ceara 1276. a Rubber, Para 1001. a Rue de chévre 860. a Rue, Garden 1756.2 | 454 Rue, Goat’s 590. d, 860. a Rue, Maideuhair 1976. b Rue, Stone- or Wall- 204. ¢ Rue-anemone 1940. a Ruffet 20.6. a Rubhrrinde 1854. a Ruhrwurzel 1658. g, 2062. a *Ruizzia 280 *Rumiex 1480 Runch 303, a, 1900. a Runkelriibe 259. a Runnet 863. i Ruprechtskraut 883. b Rusa oil 129. d Rusci oleum 261. a RusH, species 1098, 1809 Rush, Bog 1098 : Rush, Cotton 774 , Dutch 758. b Rush, Guinea 635. a Rush, Mountain 752 , Polishing 758. b Rush, Scouring 758. b Rush, Sweet 26. a Rush, Wood 1097 Rush-grass 774. a Rush-nut 635 b Riisterrinde 2058. f Ruswut (Rusat) 251. a Rut-of-harts 737. a Ruta capraria 860. a Rutland-beauty 563. c *Ruiosma 1977 Rye 1823. a Rye, Cockspur 512.a Rye, Robin’s 1649. b Rye, Spurred 512. a Rye-brome 313. a Rye-grass 1220 *Sabadilla 193 Sabadillsamen 193. a *Sabal 1833 Sabbatie 1758. a Sabicu 1248. b *Sabina 1099 Sabina, U.S. P. 1099.'d Sabine 1099. d Sabino tree 1962. a *Saccharifera 1759 Sacci 56. b Sack-tree 150. a Saickelkraut 329. a Sacred bark 1721. k Saddle-leaf 1211. a Saddle-plant 1787. b Saddle-tree 1211. a Sadebaum 1099. d Sadekraut 1098. d Saff (Saugh) 1764 Safflower 391 Saffron 601. a, b Saffron, African 391. a Saffron, American 391, a +Saffron American 601. a Saffron, Bastard 391. a Saffron, Dyer’s 391. a Saffron, False 391. a Saffron, Indian 619. c,d Saffron, Meadow 534 aa Meadow 1427. a affron, Spanish 601. a Saffron, Thistle 391. a Safran 601. a Safran batard 5384. a. Safran deutscher 391. a Safran falscher 391. a Safrifa 190%. b GENERAL INDEX. Sagachomi 176. f Sagapenum 828. g Sage, Black 2030. c Sage, Garden 1769. b Sage, Garlic 1973. f Sage, Indian 802. i Sage, Jerusalem 1568. a Sage, Meadow 1769, ¢ Sage, Mountain 137. g, 1973. f Sage, Western 187. k Sage, White 1109 a, 805. a Sage, Wild 187. g, 802. i, 1135. a Sage, Wormwood 187. f Sage-bush 187. g, p,q. r Sage-of-Bethiehem 18v38. j, 1692. a Sage-of-Jerusalem 1692, a Sage-rose 2052. b Sage-tree 1135. a *Sagina 238 *Sagittaria 727, 1225 Sago 178. a, 623. a, b, 1570 b Sago Palm, 1322 Sago Palm, Bastard 894. a Sago Palm, Malabar 623. a Sago plant 189. a Sago, Wild 2145. a Sagou 1322. a *Sagus 1322 Saigonzimmt 500. h Sailor’s-knot 883. b St. Andrew’s-lace 370. a St. Andrew’s-cross 197. a St. Bennet’s herb 555 a St. Jame’s-wort 1831. f St. Jonn’s-bread 432. a St. John’s-wort 1043 St. Lucia bark 816. ¢ St. Mary’s-seed 1871. b, ¢ St. Peter’s-wort 197 Sc. Peter’s-wort 1660. d St. Peter’s-wreath 1895. b St. Thomas’ tree 243. a Sal, Indian 1841. a Sal-tree (saul-tree) 1841. a Salad-tree 436. a Saladine 462, a Salai tree 289. d Salal 870. ¢ Salary 158. a Salbei 1769. b Salep 113. a, 798. a, b, y38. a. b, 1450 Salep, Tahiti 1947. a Salfern 1214. a Salicaire. 1250. a *Salicaria 1250 Salicin 1764. a, ete Salicorne 1763 *Salisburia 889 Salivaire 115. b Sallet 1125. d Sallow 1764 Sally (Salghe) 1764 Sally-bloom 456. a Salmon-berry 1750. 1,m Salomou’s-siegel 1639, c,d Saloop 1788. a *Salpingia 864 Salsepareille 1865. e Salsify (Salsafy) 2016. a, b Salsify, Black 1819. a Salsify, Meadow 2016. b *Salsola 696 Salt-bush 218. b, ¢, d, 1109. a, b~ ' Salt-grape 1767. a Salt-rheum weed 463. a Saltwort 1763, a Saltwort, Black 893. a Saltwort, Jamaica 241 Saltwort, Prickly 1767.2 *Samandera 1770. a Samang (Saman) 1608. b *Samara 744 Sammtrose 1743. d Sampfen 338. ¢ Samphire 599. a Samphire, Golden 1062. ¢ Samphire, Jamaica 241, 287. a Samphire, Marsh 1763. a Sampion, Marsh 1763. a Sampson, Black 304. b Sampson-root 304.a Sampsuchi herba 1456. ¢ Sanbois 644. a Sanctuary 783. a Sand-box, Devil’s 1029. a Sand-bur 1867. v Sand-grass 1640.a ‘ Sand-star 382. a Sand-vine 104 Sand-weed 1884. a ; SANDALWOOD, Species 1776 Sandalwood, False 2138. a Sandalwood, Red 1682. d +Sandalwood, Red 35 Sandarac 349, a Sandaraca 349. a Sandarak 349. a Sandaraque 349. a Sandel, gelber 1776, a Sandelholz, Rothes 1682. @ Savdriedgras #482.a Sandsegge 382. a Sandwort 99, 1340 Sandwort, Red 2005. a Sandwort, Purple 2005. a Sanfoin 1487. a Sanfoin Psoralea 1679. i Sang 1493. b Sang-tree 1681. a Sanghara-nut 2017, a, c Sangrel (Sangree) 182. f Sanguinaire 1773. a Sanguinalis herba 2091. f Sanguinary 18.a SANICLE, species 1775 Sanicle, American 1000. b Sanicle, Black 209. a Sanicle, False 1387. a Sanicle femelle 209. a Sanicle, Great 65. b Sanicle, Indian. 802. a Sanicle, White 802. a Sanicle, Yorkshire 1599. a | Sanikel 1775. a *Sansiviera 33 *Sansivieria 33 Santal citrin 1776. a Santal, Red 1682. d Santal rouge 1682.d *Santalum 853 : Santalum rubrum 1682. d *Santolina 1285 Santonica 187. n eo Saoria 1261. a - Sapadillo 20. a Sapin argenté 2. f ra Sapin faux 2.a NUMBERS REFER ‘tO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Sapistan 2085. a *Sapium 1914 Sapouilla 20 *Saponaria 2074 Sapvnaria aegyptiaca 935. b Sapouaria hispanica 93o. b Saponaria levautica 935, b Saponary 1781. a *Sapota 20. a, 1334, 1849 Sapota, Mammee 1228, a Sappan 338. c Sapucaya nut 1152. b Sapwort 1312. b Sarah 2030. f Sarcocolla (Sarcocol) 1530, a Sardinian-nut 400. a *Sargassum 849 Sarock 173. a *Sarothamnus 641 *Sarothra 1043 Sarracénie 1787. b Sarrasin 821l.a Sarriette 1789. a Sarsae radix 1865. e, f SARSAPARILLA, species 1865 Sarsaparilla, U.S. P. 1805, e, f Sarsaparilla, American 170.c Sarsaparilla, Australian 95U. a Sarsaparilla, Big 182. b Sarsaparilla, Bristiy 170. b Sarsaparilla, Brittle-stem 170. b Sarsaparilla, False 170. ¢ Sarsaparilla, German 382. a as germanica Aa Sarsaparilla, Indian 977. a Sarsaparilla, Native 950. a Sarsaparilla, Rough 170 b Sarsaparilla, Spurious 950.a Sarsaparilla, Texas 1306. a Sarsaparila, Virginian 170.c Sarsaparilla, Wild 170.c Sarsaparilla, Yellow 1306. a Sarsaparille 1865. e Sassafras 1788. a Sassafras. Brazilian 1390.a,b Sassafras, Chilian 1142. a Sassafras, Swamp 1262. f Sassafras, Tasmanian 213.9 Sassafras-nuts 1390. a,b Sassafras-tree 699. a Sassafrasniisse 1°90. a, b Sassaparilie 1865. e Sassy-bark 786. a Satin-flower 83. c, 1234 Satin-flower, Crimson 307. a ip ao at d 1234 aturday’s- er 803. d Saturei 1789. oT *Satureja 616, 1111 *Satyrium 1538 Sauce-alone 74. a, 1168. e Saucy bark 786. a Saudistel 1871. b Sauerampfer 1753. a - Sauerbeere 1476. b Sauerklee 1475. a Sauge officinale 1769, b Sea Privy 1194, a Saukraut 1045 Saule blane 1764. a Saunders, Red 1682. d Saunders. White 1776. a Sauohr 1611. ¢ Saurach 251. e *Saussurea 851 Sautanue 1240. a Savannah tlower 730, 2064 a Save 176y. b Savicu (Savico) 1248, b Savin (Savine) 1U$9.d {Savin 2050. b, 2106. f Saviu, Horse 1099. b Savin, Red 1099. e Saving-tree 1099. d Savonniére 178i. a Savory, Summer 1789. a Savory, Winter 1789. b Sawwort 1124. b, 1791 *Saxifraga 978, 1986. SAXIFRAGE, species 1792 Saxifirage 592. b axifrage, burnet 1595. b Saxifrage, Golden 487. a Saxifraye, Meaduw 1850. a Saxifrage, Small 1595. b Saxif.ax 1788.a Scabby-head 41l.a Scabby-head 148. a Seabish 1107. b, ¢ fScabish 14386. a Scabisn, Meadow 206. h Seabish, Sweet 1794. b SCABIOUS, species 1794 Seabious 1174. a Scabious, Sheep’s 1088. a Scabious, Sweet 768, a, b Scabwort 1062. a Scaddie 2067. a Scala coeli 1639. c Scaibegres 28. ¢ Seald-berry 170. g Scald-weed 620 Scale-bark Hickory 1004, g Seallewort 1769. d Scallion 76. a 7Scallion 76. d Scammonée (Scammon) 563. b Scammonium 563. b ScaMMONY, varieties 563. b Scammony, French 630. a *Scaummony, German 563. ¢ Scammouy Montpelier 630.a Scammony, Wild 1066. n Scamwouy root 1066. n Scamrog 2032. e *Scandix 148 Scarb t:ee 3269. a Scarlet-berry 1867. j Scarlet-cross 1236. b Scarlet-lightning 1236. b Sceau de Salomon 1639, c,d Sceau d’or 1032. a Schabziegerklee 2032, d Schachtelhalm 758. a, b Schafgarbe 18. a Schafgrippe 18. a Schafihalm 1008, a Schallotte 76.a Schamum 1894 Scharlachbeere 1585. b Scherneckelkraut 1775. a Scheuerkraut 758. a Schierling, gefleckter 555. a Schinseng 1493. a, b *Schizostachyum 232, w Schlafapfel 1274. a Schlangenmoos 1240. a Schlangenwurz, canadische 194, a . 455 Schlangenwurzel, schwarze 97. a Schlangen wurzel, virgini- sche 182. f Schlehe 1608. q Schlutten 1578. a *Schollera 993, 1476 Scholikraut 462. a *Schoenocaulon 193 *Schoenolirion 1484 Schmack 1730. b Schvol masters 189. a Schott npteffer 577. a Schnittiauch 76. f *Schrankia 1361 Schwalbenwurz 630. b Schwalbenwurzel 195 Schwsnzpleffer 61]. a Schwarzdorn 1668. q Schwarzerle 79. a Schwarzkiimmel 1411. b Schwarzwurz 1937. a Schwefelwurz 554, b Schweinbrod 625. a *Schweinitzia 1357. a Schwertel, amerikanische 1068. Schwertelwurz 1068. a, b,c Schwertlitie 1068. b, g Schwindelkorner 611. a *Schubertia 1962 . *Schultesia 783 *Sciadiodaphne 2059 *Scilla 1701, 2066 Scilla, U. S. P. 2066. a Scille (Squille) 2066. a *Scleroderma 2047. i *Scleroderma 737 Scobds styracina 1929. d Scoke 1585. b Scold 620 Scoparius U.S. P. 641. b Scordii herba 1973. e *Scordonia 1973 *Scordosma 828 Scorpion-grass 1373 *Scorpius 577 Scorzonera, Native 1330. 8 Scotch-grass 376. a Scouring-rush 758. b Scourwort 1781. a Scratch-grass 1641. b,c Screw-auger 936. a Screw-bean 1664. c Screw Pine 1445. a Screw-stem 238, a Screw-tree 970. a, b Scrofula Raut 967. a, 1820. b, e Scrofula-root 785. b Serofula-weed 1528, a Scrophulaire 1820. a, b Scrub-brush 206. ¢ Scrubby-grass 527. a SCULLCAP, species £821 Scurvish 1436. a Scurvy 303. d Scurvy-grass 627. a, 488. a Scurvy-grass, Wild 578. a Scurvy-grass, Yellow 235. a Scutch-grass 60. a, 376. a *Scutia 1720 Sea-bean 1365. a Sea-belt 1131. b Sea-bent 382. a Sea-blite 696 Sea-cushion 1903. a 456 Sea-girdle 1131. a Sea-grape 526. b, 1767. a Sea-grape, English 1763. a Sea-hay 2158. a Sea-grass 1754. a, 1763. a, 1903. a, 2158. a Sea-staff 1131. a Sea-thrifc 1202. a, 1767. a Sea-weed 1131. a Sea-wrack 849. b Sea-w ack 2158. a Sealwort 1639 Seaweed 849 Sebestan (Sebesten) 2085. a *Sebesten 2085 *Sebifera 1266 *Sebipira 296 Secale cornutum 512. a Seckelblume 415. a Sedge 382 Sedge, Cinnamon 26. a Sedum majus 1830. a Sedge, Myrtle 26. a Sedge, Sea 2158. a Sedge, Sweet 26. a Sedocke 15. a Sedum minus 1824.°a ‘See-bright 1769. d Seebusch 1889. a Seed-box 1229. a Seeder 10238. a Seedling 1112. a Seeeiche 849. b Seidelbast 644. ec Seidenpflanze 195. ¢ Seifenrinde 1705. a Seifenwurzel 1781. a Seifenwurzel, spanische 935 Seigle 1823. a Seigle, Ergot de 512. a Segg, see Sedge Self-heal 1667. a, 1775. a Self-heal 1595. c élin de marais 1554. d *Selinum 1554 Sellerie 158. a Selly (Seel) 1764) Semaphore plant 1294 Semen contra 187. n Semen sanctum 187. n Semencine 187. n Semper, Rock- 599. a Sencion 1831. g , Séné d’ Alexandrie 396. Séné de Tinnevelly 396. d Séné indigdne 545. a *sSenebiera 578 Seneca root 1638. h *Senecio 760, 1315, 1942 Senecon 1831. g Senegawurzel 1638. h Senega-root, False 1638. j Sene.a-root, White 1638. j Senagae radix 1638. h Senf, gelber 1856. a Senf (schwarzer) 303. d Senf, weisser 1856. a Senf, wilder 1860. a Sengreen 1830. a Senhalanac 1730. e SENNA, varieties 396 *Senna 396 - Senna, Bastard 545, a Senna, Bladder 545. a Senna, Scorpion 577. b Senna, U.S. P. 396. c,d GENERAL INDEX. Senna, Wild (European) 897. a Sennesblatter 396. c, d Sensitive-plant 1332. a {Sensitive-plant 1361. b Sensitive plant, American 49 Sensitive-plant, Wild 396. f, 1332. b Senvre 303. d, 1856. a Septfoil (Setfoil) 1658. ¢g Sequa 829. a *Serapias 756 *Serenaea 1833 *Sericographis 249 Serpent grass 1641. g Serpent’s tongue 1445 Serpentaire de Virginie 182. f Serpentaria 182. d, f Serpentaria brasiliana 467.b Serpentary 182. d, f Serpentary, English 1641. e¢ Serpolet 1994. a Serpyllum 1994. a *Serratula 38, 1124, 2093 Serronia 1602 Service-berry 96, 1875. c,d,e Service-tree 1875. a, d, 96 Serville 1222. b Sesam (Sésame) 1837. a Sesame 1837. a Sesame, German 361. a *Sesbania 650, 899, 1838 *Seseli 1370 *Setaria 447 Setsicker 1711. h Setter-grass (Setterwort) 974, a: Settiswort 974. a Setwall 2077. c Seven-bark 1031. a Seven-sisters 803. d, k Seven-year’s-love 18. d Seyah 7.m Seyal (Seyaleh 7. 0 *Seymeria 52 Shad-bush 96 b, ce Shad-flower 754. a, 778. a Shaddock 506. g Shag-bark 1004. d, e, g Shallon 870. ¢ Shallot 76. a Shamalo (Shamoola) 1496. b Shambrogue 2032. e Shame-face 8834. a Shame-vine 1361. a Shamrock 1475.4 +Shamrock 1291. ¢ Shamrock, Indian 2036. b Shamrock, True 2032. e Shamrock, Water 1310. a Shamrock, White 2032. g Shamrug 2032. e Shawnee-wood 406, b Shave-grass 758. b Shavings 469. a Shaya 1429. a She-Heather 765. b She-Holly 1053. a She-Oak 405 Shea-tree 210. d Sheep-berry 2095. c.e Sheep-blue 563. s Sheep-bur 2141. b Sheep-bur, Small 1137, a, b Sheep-foot 1227. a Pheep-grass 1599. a Sheep-lice 633. a Sheep-nose 842. d Sheep-poison 1103, a, 1475.b Sheep-root 1599. a Sheep-rot 1599. a Sheep-weed- 1781. a, 6. a, 1599. a Sheep’s-bit 1088. a Sheep’s-cheese 6. a Sheep’s-knapperty 1658. g Sheepsbane 1033, ¢ Sheepwort 1125. d Shell-bark 1004 d, g Shell-flower 1346. a 7Shell-tower 463. a Shellac 606. a *Shepherdia 1166 Shepherd’s-caleuder 116. a Shepherd’s-clock 116. a, 2016. b She; herd’s-club 2090. b Shepherd’s-delight 116.a Shedherd’s-knot 1658 g | Shepherd’s-needles 1796. a {Shepherd’s-pouch 1459. a Shepherd’s-purse 329. a Shepherd’s-staff 686. b Shepherd’s-sundial 116. a Shepherd’s-warning 116. a Shepherd’s-watch 116. a Sheriff-weed 482. e Shield-Fern 712 Shilling-grass 1033 Shining-yrass 1057, d, 1976. d Shinleaf 1696. a, b, c Shinwood 1963. ¢ Shittim-wood 1721. k, 1344a Shoe-black plant 1003. f Shoe-flower 1003. f Shoe-make 1730. ¢ Shoe-strings 103. a Shoemaker’s-heels 464. d Shoo-fly 234. b Shooting-star 693, a Shore-grass 1215 Shore-weed 1215 Shot-bush 170. ¢, f Shoter 1963. a Shovel-weed 329. a Shreetalum 580. a Shunas 1193, ¢ *Sibthorpia 668 Sickle-grass 1641. b, c Siekle-heal 1667. a Sickle-pod 167. b Sickle-weed 1667. a tSickle-weed 1641. 1 Sicklewort 1667. a, 63. ¢c *Sicyos 1325 : Sicyoides 1845 *Sida 348, 1271 *Sidalcea 986 , Siddhi 370. a Ue 135 flower 481. a | ide-saddie plant 1787.a,b — *Sideroxylon 324, 326 *Sideroxylon 682 i Siebenzeit 2032. d Ny *Siegesbeckia 2092 Siegmarswurz 891. b a Sierra salvia 187. g ; Sii palustris radix 1863, b — Silberkraut 1658.a . Siliqua duleis 482.@ = =| Siliqua hirsuta 1365. a eh *Siliquastrum 436 Whee “ 4 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, Silk, Virginian 195. c Silk-cotton tree 420. a Silk-grass 488. a, 2144. f Silk-vine 1544. a Silkweed 195 Silkworm tree 1364. a Suphium 828. i Silver-bell 1344. a Silver-berry 735. a Silver-button 121. a Silver-chain 1738. a Silver-feather 16538. a Silver-graxs 4%8. a Silver-head 1506. a Silver-leaf 1914. a, 121. a, 1057. d, 1166. a, 1262. d, 1895. d Silver-rod 1869. ¢ Silver-weed 1658. a, 1057. a, 1869. c, 1895. d, 1976. d *Silybum 1280 Simarouba 1854. b *Simaruba 1590 Simarubarinde 1854. a Simbolee oil 449. a Simpler’s-joy 2091. ¢, f Simson 1831. g *Sinapis 303 Sinapis nigra 303. d Sinicle 1775. a Sinkfield 1658. ¢ Sinngriin 2:00. a Sinnthau 707. a *Siphonia 1001 Siri oil 129. d Siringa oil 1001. b Sisal-hemp 46. b *3ison 158, 767 *Sisymbrium 74, 167, 685, 1742, 1805, 1873, 1908 Sit-fast 1439. a, 1711. h Sithes (Siethes) 76. f *S8ium 258, 1479, 1595, 1850 Sivven 1750, h- Skaw 177l.e Skaw-coo 1867. j Skeatlegs 1450. d Skedge (Skedgwith) 1194. a Skedlock 1712. a Skeleton werd 474. a Skerrish 1194.a Skeryth 1863. c Skevish 768. b Skewer-wood 801. c Skirret 1595. c, 1863. c *Skoinilon 193 Skorbutkraut 527. a SKULLCAP, species 1821 Skunk-bush 869. a Skunk-weed 1883. a, 1389. a Skyryth (Skyrwort) 1863. ¢ Skytes 135. a4 Sleeping-beauty 1475. a Sleepy-Dick 1458. a Slink-weed 652. a, 1217. a Slipver plant 1524. a ’ Slippery-root 1937. a Slipper-weed (Slippers) 1057. a, d Sloe (Sloo, Slon) 1648. q Sloe 2095. e loe, American 1668, u Sloe-thorn 1668. q Slough-heal 1667. a Sloven-wood 187. a Slunkweed 802, j Small-pox plant 1787. b, c Smallache 158. a Smallage 158 a Smallage, Marsh 1554. da Smartweed 1641.1 Smartweed, Dotted 1641. 0 . Smartweed, Water 1641. 0 Smear-dock 464. d Smeetalum 580. a Smellage 1190. a Smellboxes 133. g Smelling-stick 1788. a Smelling-wood 187. a Smelly-million 613. a Smick-s%ock 379. ¢ Smiddy-leaves 464. d *Smilacina 2061, 2076 Smoke-tree 583 Smoke-wood 514. da Smoking-bean 406 Smut 2071 Smut of Rye 512. a Smut-ball 1238. a *Smyrnium 1554, 1979,2154 Snaffles 1523. a Snag-bush 1668. q Snagrel 182. f Snake-berry 28. b, 320. b, 1336. a, 1867. j Snake-bite 2036. a, 1125. a, 1773. a Snake-flower 731. a, 83. b, 1132. a, 1236. a, 2031. a Snake-grass 1373. a, 83. b Snake-head 463. a Snake-leaf, Yellow 785. b Snuke-leaves 1814. a Snake-milk £03. a Snake-mouth 1630. a Snake-pipes 758. c Snake-plant 583 Snake-wood 1621. a Snake-wood tree 1923. a, d Snake’s-head 847. c Snake’s-meat 189. a Snake’s-tongue 1445 +Snakeroot 27 a, b. 1831. a Snakeroot, Black 497. a, 194. a, 1775. b, ¢ Snakeroot, Brazilian 467. b Snakeroot, Button 1124. a,b, 781. a Snakeroot, Canada 194. a Snakeroot, Corn 781. a, 1124. b Snakeroot, European 194. f Snakeroot, Evergreen 1638. c Snakeroot, Heart 194. a Snakeroot, Indian 1446. a Snakeroot, Pois»n 555. a Snakeroot, Sampson 882. g, 1679. e Snakeroot, Senega, 1638. h Snakeroot, Short-styled 1775. ¢ Snakeroot, Vermont 194. a Snakeroot, Virginia 182. f Snakeroot, White 802. a, b Snakeweed 182. f, 1125. a, 1641, e Snakeweed, Poison 495. b, 5A5. a Snakewort, 1641. e Snap-berry 1936, ¢ Snap-jack 83. b Snap-weed 1057. a, d Snap-wood 250. a Snapdragon 151. esp. a TSnapdiagon 166. b, 1057. d, 1205. a Snappers 83. b, 1851. b Snatch-weed 863. a Sneeze-weed 965 Sneezewort 965, 2089. a Sneezewort, Tansy 18. d Snottle-berry 1963. a Snow-flower 469. a Snow-in-harvest 514. d Snow-on-the-mountain 167. a, 803. i Snow-plant 1785. a Snowball, Little 428. 4 Snowball, Wild 415. a Snowball-bush 2095. d Snowbeyry 1936. b, 467 Snowberry, Creeping 468. a Snowdrift 167. a, 1112. a Snowdrop 857 +Snow-drop 1936. b Snowdrop tree 1344. a Snowdrop, Yellow 785. b Snow-drops 133, j Snow-flake 654. b Snuff beao 688. a Soafs 1764 Soap-apple 471. a Soap-bark tree 1705. a, b’ Soap-berry 1779. a, b Soap-bulb 471. a Soap-plant 471. a, 2144. ¢, 2159. b Soap-root 1781. a +Soap-root 1185 Soap-root, California 471. a Soap-root, Levant 935. b Soap tree 1705. a Soapwort, Common 1781. a Soapwort, Field 2074. a Svapwort, Spanish 935. b *Soccus 188 *Soda 1767 *Soja 900 Sol begrella 1774. b Sol-flower 967. b *Solanoa 1802 ~*Solanum 1239 Solanum racemosum 1585, b Soldiers 133. g, 1137. b, 1250. a, 1753. a Soldier’s-buttons 355. a Soldier’s-cap 262. b - Soidier’s pocket 1450. b Soldier’s plume 938. g *Solea 612 Solentine 1057. d Hine. 300, 309, 809,926, 551 Solomon’s-puzzles 1824. ¢ aa eacerin f- species 639 Solomon’s-seal, False 2076.a Solomon’s-seal, Small 2076. a Solomon’s-seal, Two-leaved 2061. a j Solomon’s-seal, Zigzag 2076. a Somerwort 182. ¢6 Sommereiche 1704, q Son-before-the-father 534. a _ *Sonchus 1125 Sonnendistel 384. a Sonnenhirse 1214. c Sonnenréschen 967 Sonnenthau 707. a 457. 458 GENERAL INDEX. Soodbrod 482. a Spelt 2040. a Spoonwort 527. a Sooja 900. a Sperage 199. a Spotted tree 835. a : Soosacks (Sorrow) 1753. a Spergule 1884. a Spotted-Mary 1692. a *Sophora 234 *Spergula 1761 Sprangles 415. a if Sorb 187. e *Spergularia 2005 Spree-spinkle 1450. d Sorbes 1875. d *Sphaerococcus 477, 887, Spreusidauy 1554, b *Sorbus 628 943 Spingel 839. a Sorghum 1876. b Spic 1145. a Spring-b-auty 513. a, b SORREL, varieties 1753.a,c,d Spica celtica 2077. a +Spriug-beauty 981. b Sorrel, Guinea 1003. g Spica nardi 1386. a Spring-bloom 225. b Sorrel, Ladies’ 1475. b Spice-berry 170. e, 870. b Spring-daisy, Rose 768. ¢ Sorrel, Mountain 1480, a Spice-bush 250 Spring-grass 147. a Sorrel, Red 1003. g Spice-bush 332 Spring-plant 2081. a Sorrel, Round-leaved 1480.a Spice-tree 2059. a Springgurke (Spritzgurke)} Sorrel, Sheep 1475. a, b Spice-wood 250.a, b 724. a ’ Sorrel, Tree 222 Spid+r-flower 515 Springkoérner, kleine Sorrel, Woud 1475 Spider-p ant 1792. a 803. Sorrel-tree 1477. a Spiderwort, Common 2014.a Springwort 803. g fSorrel-tree 1592.a — Spigélie anthelmintique SPRUCE, species 1587 Sorrel-vine 502.a 1892. a Spruce, Big-cone 1674. k Souari (Suwarrow) 392. b Spigéliedu Maryland 1892.b Spruce, Cat 1587. a Souchet comestible 635, b Spignel (Spickuel) 1323. a Sqruce, Double 1587. b Souci 344. a Spignet 170. e, 1323. a +Spruce, Double 2. ¢ Soufre végétal 1240. a Spike, Oil of 1145. b Spruce, Douglas 1674. a : Sour-bush 347. a {Spikenard 129. ¢ Spruce, Hemlock 2046. a Sour-dock, Boreal 1480. a Spikenard, Awerican 170. e Spruce, Norway 2. a Sour-gourd tree 32 Spikenard, California 170. a Spruce, Patton's 2046. b Sour-grass 1753. a, b Spikenard, Celtic 2077. a Spruce, Single 1587. a Sour-sabs (Sour-suds) Spikenard, East Indiam Spruce, Single 2. b 1753. a 1386. a pruce, Weeping 2046. a Sour-sauce 1753. a Spikenard, False 2676. a Spruce-gum tree 1587. b - Sour-sop 140. b Spikenard of (reie 2077. g Spud 1867. n ~ Sourberry 1476. b Spikenard, Plowman’ s Spunk 1644. a Sourock (Svurack) 1753. a 1062. b, 226. a SPURGE, species 803 Sourwood 1477. a Spikenard, Small 170. ¢ Spurge, Alleghany Moun- Southernwvod 187. a, f Spikenard, True 1486. a tain 1486. a Sow-berry 1476. b, 251. e Spikenard, Wild 2076. a Spurge, Slipper 1524. a Sow-bread 624. a Spikenard tree 170. f Spurry, Corn 1884. a Sow-dindle (dingle) Spikenel (Spike-nail) 1323.2 Spurry, Sand 2008. a 1871. b, ¢ Spulbaum 801. c¢ Spurt-grass 1809. a Sow-fennel 1554. b Spinach 1894.a Spurwort 1840. a Sow-foot 2053. a Spinach, Australian 1970. b Squanter-squash 614, b Sow-grass 578, a Spinach, French 464. g Square-stalk 1820. b, ec, Sow THISTLE, species 1871 Spinach, Mountain 218, f 1348. a Sow-tit 842.d,1750.p ~ Spinach, New Zealand Squash 614. b, c,d Sowbane 464. f 1970. a Squash, Crookneck 614. ¢,@ Sowdwort 166. b, 1767. a Spinach, Strawberry 273.a Squash, Guinea 1867. k Soy bean 900 a Spinach, Victorian Bower Squash-berry 2095. m Spadic 787. a 1970. b Squatmore 892. a Spanierfeige 1449. b Spinach, Wild 464. a, d, Squaw-berry 2075.n Spanish-bayonet 2144. a, ¢ 259. a Squaw-bush 2095. d, 576. b Spsnish-dagger 2144. a Spinae cervipae baccae Squaw-drops 558. a Spanish-needles 263. e Ja Squaw-fiuwer 2036. b Spanish-tuft 1976. c Spinage 1894. a Squaw-root 497. a, 418. a, Sparagus (Sperage) 199. a Spindle-tree 801. b,c 558. a, 2036. b Th Sparganophorus 1812 Spink 379 ¢ Squaw-vine 1336. a Sparge! 199. a Spinnen distel 525. a +Squaw-weed 206. h,802.a — Sparkleberry 2075. a *Spiraea 140, 450, 451, 833, Squaw-weed (Swamp)1831.a Sparrow-grass 199. a 1014, 1231, 1448, 1655, SQUILL, species 1808 — Sparrow-tongue 1641. d 2057, 2087 Squill 2066. a Sparrow’s-dung 1767. a Spirea 2057. a Squill, Pancratic 1494. a _ *Spartianthus 1882 *Spiranthes 936, 1909 Squinancy 201. a *Spartium 41 Spirit-weed 937. a Squine 1865. b F Spartium scoparium 641. b Spitzklette 2131. b Squirrel-cup 981. b Spatlum 1/91.a Spleenwort 204 Squirrel-corn 262. a, ¢ j ' Spatmore 892. a Spleenwort bush 551. a Squirrel-ear 1548. d Spatter-dock 1420. a Split-rock 1000. a Squirrel-shoes 636. a, ete — Spearmint 1308. j Spogel-seed 1611. e Squirrel’s-grandfather 288.a _ Spechtwurzel 673. ¢ *Sponia 2019 Squitch-grass 60. a *Specularia 1154 é Sponge, Vegetable 1232. a Stabwurzel 187. a SPEEDWELL, epecies 2094 Sponge-tree 7. d Stachelbeere 1732. i Speedwell 1554. c Spool-wood 261. ¢ *Stachychrysum 35 Speedwell, Tall 1171. a Spoon-flower, Arrow-leaved *Stachys 260 Speer-hawk 1005 ‘ 1528. a *Stachytarpheta 2079 Speerkraut 1634. a Spoon-hunt 1103. d Staff-tree 421 Speichelwurzel 115. a Spoon-hutch 1728. d Staff-vine 421. a Speknel 1323. a Spoonwood 1103. a Stag-bush 2095. e NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Stagger-bush 1592. a Stagger-grass 2150. a Staggerweed 262. a, c,656. ¢ Staggerwort 1831. f Staghorn (Sumac) 1730. d Stah-up-un-ga-weg 2u94. f Stanlkraut 291. f Stainch 1439. a Stamimerwort 95. a Stan-march 1866 a Standerwort 1450. d Staphadriansamen 656. d Staphidis agriue semen 656. d Staphisaigre 656. d *Staphisagria 656 Star-anise 1055 Star-apple 486. a Star-bloom 1892. b Star-cucumber 1848. a Star-flower 2031. a, 83. b, 1458. a, 1658. ¢ +Star-flower 284. a Star-jflower 206. h Star-grass 68, 201. b +Star-grass 455. a Star-grass, Faise 68. a Star-grass, Water 993. a Star-grass (Yellow) 1047 Star-of-Bethlehem 1458. a +Star-of-Bethlehem 1022. a, 2031. a Star-of-Jerusalem 2016. b Star-of-the-earth 88>. d, 16:l.a : Star-root 68. a - Star-thistle 423. a, b Starch-root 189. a Starchwort 181. b Stare 382. a Starwort, Mealy 68. a Starwort 83 Starwort, Drooping 455. a Starwort, Pine 1065 Starwort, Sandpaper 1065. a Starwort, Yellow 1062. a *Statice 1202 Staunchwort 149 a Staverwort 1831. f Stavesacre 656. d Stay-plow 1439. b Steadiast 1439. a Stechapfel 649. b, c} Stecheiche 1053. a Stechginster 2056. a Stechk6rner 1280. a Stechpalme 1053. a Stechwind nwurzel 1865. e Stedfast 1735. a *Steenhammera 1623 Steeple-busn 1895. d Steffensia 1602 Steinbeere 2075. p Steineiche 1704. q Steinklee 1300. b Steinklee, blauer 2032. d Steinkraut 1824. a Steinsamen 1214. c *Stellaria 83 *Stellandria 1801 *8tephanomeria 1689 Stepbanskérner 656. d Stepmother 2102. f *Sterculia 533, 655, 1128. a Sternanis 1055. d Sterndistel 423, b Sterpleberkraut 201, b *Stevia 857, 1646 Stevia 802. a Stick-a-back (Stickleback) 3 863. a Stick-button 174. a, b Stick-pile 777. a Stick-seed 59, 1137 Stick-tight 1137, 263. g Stick-weed 59. b, ete, 95. a, 2092. a Stick-weed, Old Virginia 06. d 206. Stickadore 1145. ¢ Stickleback 863 Stickwort 59 Stickwurz 320. b Stiefmiitterchen 2102. f Stigmata maydis 2148. a ’ *Stillingia 1780 Stillingie 1914. a Stinging-bush 109l. a Stinging-leaf, Devii’s 2067.d Stink 649. b, ¢ Stink-weed 649. b, ¢ Stinkasant 828, b Stinking-Roger 230. a Stinking-Willie 1831. f Stinkkamillen 145. b Stinklattich 1125. f Stinknessel 1900. a Stitechwort. Greater 83. b Stitson 1043. a Stockmalve 87. b Stockrose 87. b *Stizolobium 1365 *Stuepelina 1124 Stove-bloom 1668. q Stone-parsley, Bastard 1859. a Stone-pine 1601. a, b Stone-root 559. b Stone-rue 204. ¢ Stone-seed 1214. a Stone-weed 1641. d SLONECROP, species 1824 Stonecrop, Ditch 1534. a Stonecrop Virginia 1584. a Stonnard 1824. a Stony-hard 1214. c¢ Stopper 796. j, k, 1, m STORAX, species 1929 Storax 1210. a Sroraxbalsam 1210. a Stor: hschnabel 883 Stork’s-bill 777, 883. a Stortioner 2044, a Stover-nut 400. c Stragalkaffee 208. a Strainer-vine 1232. a Stramoine 649. b,c Stramoninm 649. b, ¢ Strandnelke 1202. c Strangle-tree 620, 1459. a, 2096. d Strangle-weed 620 STRAWBERRY, species 842 Strawberry, Barren 1658. e ne tei Barren or Dry 2 Strawberry, Bog 547. a Strawberry, Indian 273. a, 715. a Strawberry, Mock 715 Strawberry, Yellow 715. a Strawberry bush or shrub 801. a, b, 382 Strawberry-plant 1792. a 459 Strawberry-tassel 1638. g Strawberry-tree 801. b Strawberry-tree, European 172. b *Strepiopus 690 Streupuiver 1240. a Strin;s-of-sovereigns 1249.a Stingy-bark 790. q, r Strobili humuwuli 1028, a Strohblume 969, a Strong-man’s weed 15°0. a *Struthiopteris 1438. b Strychnossamen 1923. d Stubwort 1475. a Stud-tlower 975, Sturdy 1220.a Sturmhut 25. i Sturtion 2044, a *Stylandra 1628 *Stylipus 885 *Stylisma 308 *Stylocline 125, 989 *Stylurus 917 *Styphonia 1730 Styptic-bur 1662. a Styptic-weed 396. i Styrax calamitus 1929. d Styrax liquidus 1210. a Styrax solidus 1929, d *Suaeda 696 Succamore 16, d Succin 1600. a Succinum 1600. a *Succisa 1794 Sugcory 494 Succory gum 474, a Succory, Hoy’s 183. a Succory, Lamb 184. a Succory, Swine’s 183. a Suck-bottle 1132. a Suckie-Sue 1132, a Suckles 2032. f Suckling 1222. b, 2032. g Sucrerot 1863. ¢c Sugar-apple 140. d,e Sugar-berry 422, a, 96. c¢ Sugar-bush 1665. a Sugar-cane 1759. a ‘Sugar-cane, Chinese 1876. & Sugar gum-tree 790. b Sugar-pear, Swamp 96. b Sugar-palm 178 a, 1570. e Sugar-pine 1601. h *Suksdorfia 978 Sulphur-root 1554. b Suiphur-weed 1554. b Sulphurwort 1554. b SUMAC, species 1730 Sumac, Chinese 62 b Sumac, Currier’s 574. a Sumac, Mountain 1875. a Sumac, Tanner’s 574. a Sumac, Venice 583. b +Sumac, Wild 1376. ¢ Sumach, see Sumac Sumbul 828. h *Sumbulus 828 Summer-snowflake 1458. a Sumpfnelkenwurzel 885, b Sumpfporsch 1153. b- Sumpfsilge 1554. d Sumpfziest 1900. a Sun-dial 1235 Sun-plant 1656. a Sun-rose 907.a_ b Sun-weed &03. d SUNDEW, species 707 St a. ee 460 Sundrops 1107. a Sunflower 968 *Sun-flower 116. a. 344. a Suntiower, Brook 263. h Sunflower, Cone-disk 1751.b Sunflower, False 965. a, 972 Suntiower, Tickseed 263. a. ’b, ¢c, 571 Sun-flower, "Red 304. b Sunflower, Swamp 965. a Sunflower, Turpentine 1852. ¢ Sunflower, Wild 1062. a Supple-jack 252 *Suprago 2093 Sureau 177J.e Surelle 1475. a Surinam bark 2110. ¢ Siissfara 1643. a Siissholz 902. b Siissho!z, indisches 4. a Suter-berry 2136. c¢ Swallowwort 195 +Swallowwort 462. a, 803. m Swallowwort, White 630. b Swamp-berry 1750. Swamp-candles 1219. c Swamp-robin 345. a. 355. a Swamp-wood 689. a, 428. a Swan-weed 206. h Swarms 74. a Swarms 1593. under (e) Sweat-weed 87. a Sweating plant 802. i Sweating-weed 1003. d Sweeps 423. d Sweet-Alice 167. a Sweet-amber 1043. a Sweet-ash 148. c Sweet-bean 895. b Sweet-Benjamin 187. a Sweet-berry 2095. c Sweet-Betsies 332. b Sweet-Betty 1781. a Sweet-bush 551. a Sweet-flag, False 1068. e Sweet-gale, Canada 551. a Sweet-grass 26. a, 201. b, 2158. a SWEET-GUM, ag 1210 Sweet-hay 205%. Sweet-heart 1824. i Sweet-hearts 863. a Sweet-John 664. b Sweet-leaf 1043. a, 1938. a Sweet-Mary 1302. a, 1348. a Sweet-meadow 2057. a Sweet-Nancy 1385. e Sweet-pod 432. a Sweet-potato 1066, a Sweet-potato, Wild 1066. n Sweet-root 902.b, 26,a,1634.c Sweet-rush 26. a Sweet-scented Shrub 3382.a,b Sweet-sedge 26. a Se cot-atumber 1773. a Sweet-sop 140. e Sweet-Susan 1851. Sweet-William 664. 4 1702.b ' Sweet-William (Mock) 1236. b Sweet-William, Wild 1569.b, etc., 1781. a Sweet-Wilson 1792. b Sweet-wood 902. b Sweet wood tree 606. b GENERAL INDEX. *Swertia 1618, 1758, 1969 Sweth 76. f Swichen 183!. g *Swietenia 1106, 1879 Swine-bread 625. a Swive’s-bane 464, f. g Swine’s-grass 1641. d Swinies 1471. b, ¢ Sword-lily 891 Swy 1763. a Sycamine 1364, a +Sycamine 1222. b Sycamore 831. i, 16. d Sycamore, False 1612. a, 1299. b *Sycios 1845 Sylibi fructus 1280. a Sylphium cyreniacum 1978.b *Sy mphoria 1936 *Symphoricarpa 1936 *Symplocarpus 1883 *Syncarpus 921 Syndaw 665. b *Synthyris 2128 Syria Balsam or Balm 550,e Syringa, Garden 1564. a Syves 76. f *Syzygium 796 . Tabacum 1410. b Tabak (Tabac) 1410. b Taban 1490. a Tacamahac 1666, b, 353. a,b, 1652. b Tacamaque tcrreuse 1666. b Tacker-grass 1641. d Tad-pipes 758, c Tag-alder 79. b *Tagetes 720 Takamahak (Takmak) 353.a Takin6l 1099. c Takuts 1955. a *Talinum 1472 Talipot Palm 580 Tallicouna 3/8. b Tallow, Bay-berry 1375. b Taliow, Becuiba 1377, a Tallow, Mafura 2026. a Tallow, Piney 2086 a Tallow, Vegetable 1780..a Tallow, Virola 2103. a Tallow-nut 2138..a Tallow-root 2004. a Tal ow-shrub 1375. b Tallow-tree 2086. a Tallow-tree, Chinese 1780. a Tallow-wood 790. q Tamarack 1138. a, c Tamaric (Tamaricke) 1955. b Tamarind, Manila 1608. a Tamarind tree 1954. a Tamarind, Wild 1248. a Tamarindemnus 1954. a Tamarindier 1954. a Tamariscus 1955 TAMARISK, species 1955 Tamarisken-Ga len 1955. a Tame-poison 630. b Tan-bark tree 2046. a, b *Tanacetum 482 Tanaisie 1957. a Tangerine 506. 1 Tangle 1131. a, b Tangle-berry 873. ¢ Tangle-foot (Tangle-legs) «2095. a Tangle-tail 1824, a Tanghin (Tanguen) 1958, a Tanhoof 894. a Tank 1516. a Tanne 2. f Tanner’s-apron 1660, a Tannier (Tanier) 2135. a Tansy 1957. a {Tansy 18. a, 1831. f Tansy, African 195l.a Tansy, Dog’s 1648. a Tansy, Doub’e 1957. a Tansy, Goose 16.8.4 Tansy, Maudlin 18.e Tansy, White 59. a +Tansy, White 18. d Tansy, Wild 1658. a, 95. a +Tansy, Wild 59.a Tansy-mustard 1873 Tanya 54l.a Tapa 316. a Tape-grass 2081. a *Tapia 593 Tapioca (Tapioka) 1276. b,e Taqua-nut 1584. a Tar 161. p, s Tar, European 1138. d Tar-bottle 423.d Tar-weed 588. a, 918, 980 1260, 1511 +Tar-weed 772. a Tar-weed, Blue 2030. b Tare, Common 2096. a Tare, Hairy 2096. d Tare, Wild 2096. e ; Taro 541. a Tarragon 187. e Tarrify 782. b Tartarian-lamb 492. a Tartoufle 2047 Taschenpfeffer 377. a *Tasmannia 706 Tassel 423. d, 686. b Tassel-biu:r 381 Tassel-flower 1118. a, b Tassel-grass 1754..a Tassel-weed 95. a Tattered-fringe 938, a Tauaré 1152. a Taubnessel 1132. a Taumelkorn 1220. a Tausengu'denkraut 783. a Tawkin 1463. a Tayuya 414, b, 2021. a *Taxodium 1832 Tea, Abyssinian 408. a. Tea, African 627 Tea, Appalachian 1053, k {hes Appalachian 2095. b Tea, Arabian 408. a ; Tea, Bahama: 1135. a Tea, Blue Mowiutelie 1869. 2 Tea, Botany Bay 1865.c : Tea, Brazilian 2079.a | ee Tea, Broussa 2075. b Tea, Bush 627 | Tea, Canadian 870.b Tea, Carolina 1053. k ‘a Tea, Chinese 1980. 2 Weta, ne Tea, Continental 1153. a Tea, Faham 136. a ine 4 Tea, False Paraguay 2095, bd 7 Tea, Isle of Bourbon 136. ih ‘ Tea,“James’ 1143. a Tea, Java 1466. a Tea, Jersey 415. a | Tea, Jerusalem 464, b Tea, Jesuit’s 1053. e , NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. ‘de Jesuit’s 464. b,1679. d , Labrador 1153 Tea, Malay 1679.a Tea, Marsh 1153 b, 1763. a Tea, Mexican 464. b, 1679.d Tea, Mountain 870. b Tea, New Jersey 415. a Tea ot Heaven 1031. b Tea, Oswego 1348. a, d Tea, Paraguay 1053. e Tea, Prairie 606. e Tea, Redberry 870. b Tea, St. Bartholomew’s 1053. e Tea, Boatii-dea 1053. k Tea, Spanish 464. b Tea, Sweet 1865. c Tea, Teamsier’s 752. a Tea, Walpole 415. a Tea, Whorehouse 752. a Tea, Wild 103. a Tea-berry 870. b, 1732. i Tea-berry, White 468. a Tea-plant 2095. c Tea-plant, Canary Is. 1847.a Tea-tree, Duke of Argyll’s 1237. ¢ Teak, Bastard 331. a, 1682.¢ Teak, Ben 1127. a Teak, New Zealand 2107 Teak, True 1981. a Tear-thumb 1641. b,c Teasel 686 *Tecoma 1880 *Tecomaria 1964 *Tectona 1981 Teel (Til) 1837. a Teil 1999. b Telegraph plant 1294. b Telephii herba 1824. ¢ *Telfairia 106 Tellicherry bark 1011. a *Tellina 1213 Ten-o’clock 1458. a Tench-weed 1657. a Tengtongues 1742. b Tentwort 204. c *Tephrosia 590 Téphrosie 590. d Térébenthine au citron 2, f Térébenthine d’ Alsace 2, f eho thine de Strasbourg wecaunatie de Venise 1138. b Térébenthine des Vosges 2.f Térébenthine du Canada 2.b Terebinthina 1601 Terebintbina argentoraten- sis 2. f Terebinthina canadensis 2.b Terebinthina chia (cypria) 1605. e Terebenthina veneta 1138. b *Terfezia 2047. h *ferminalia 322 *Ternatea 622 Terpentin, canadischer 2. b Terra de la Nouvelle- Orieana 266. a Terra japonica 7. b, 1,1473.a Terrididdle 1867, j Tesota 1433. a Tether-devil 1867. j Tether-toad 1711. h *Tetradymia 1169, 1670 *Tetranthera 1266, 2059 Tetter-berry 320. a Tetterwort 462. a, 1773. a Teufelsaugenkraut 1041. b Teufelsdreck 828. b Teufelsflucht 1043. b *Thalictrodes 497 *Thalictrum 1940 *Thapsia 1979 Thapsie 1978. a *Thapsus 2090 *Thaspium 949, 2154 Thatch-palm, Silver 1990. a Thé du Canada 870. b Thebaicus succus 1497. d *Thebesia 1108 *Theca 1981 Thee (Thé) 1980. a Thee, canadischer 870. b Thee, indischer 1053. k Theif 1750. g *Thelypodium 1063 Theriakkraut 1973. ¢ *Thesium 546 Theve-thorn 1750. g Thimble-berry 1750, k, 1 tThimble-berry 1750. Pp Thimble-Hower 1667. a Thimble-weed 1118. b,133.j,k Thimbles 677. a THISTLE, species 381 +Thistle 174 © Thistle, Argentine 1440. a Thistle, Bitter 525. a Thistle, Blessed 525. a Thistle, Blue 731. a Thistle, Briery 781 Thistle, Bur 2131. b Thistle, Carline 384 Thistle, Cottun 1440. a Thistle, Crab 1440. a Thistle, Cursed 525. a Thistle, Down- 1440. a Thistle, Flowering 180 Thisile, Fuller’s 686. a Thistle, Golden 1815. a Thistle, Ground 384. a Thistle, Hare’s 1871. b,c Thistle, Hedgehog 1449. a Thistle, Holy 525. a, 1280. a Thistle, Horse 1125. e Thistle, Hundred-headed 781. b Thistle, Indian 686. b Thistle, Jamaica Yellow 180. b Thist'e, Lady’s 1280. a Thistle, Milk 1871. b, e, 1280. a Thistle, Musk 1440. a Thistle, Oat 1440. a Thistle, Our Lady's 525. a, 1280. a Thistle, 2 it 180 Thistle, Queen Mary’s 1440. a Thistle, Rivkion 1767.¢ Thistle, St. Benedict’s 525.a Thistle, inthe 381. b,c, 1440. Thistle, av 1871 Thistle, Spotted 525. a Thistle, Star- 423. a, b Thistle, Swine 1871. a Thistle, Virgin Mary’s 1280. a Thirst-plant 1778 *Thlaspi 329, 1168 461 THORN, species 592 Thorn, Black 2095. c Thorn, Box 1237. c Thorn, Christ’s 1491. a, 2155. b +Thorn, Christ’s 584. a Thorn, Egyptian 7. a +Thorn, Egyptian 584. a Thorn, ‘Evergreen 584. a Thorn, Fire 584. a Tnorn, Goat’s 208. f Thorn, Jerusalem 1504. a Thorn, Kafir 1237, a Thorn, Karoo 7.h Thorn, Maize (Mouse) 423.b Thorn, May 592. a Thorn, Possum 2095. 1 Thorn, Rain-berry 1721. d Thorn, Theve 175v. g Thorn, Thirsty 7. n Thorn, Wait-a-bit 953. a Thorn, White 592. a Thorn, Wire 1963. a Thorn- -apple 649. b, ¢ +Thorn-apple 592. ig) Thoro-plum 592.. (g) Thorough-stem 802. i Thorough-wax (Thorow- wax) 727. a, 802. i Thoroughwort 802. g, i, l,n, esp. i, 327. a Thousand-leaf 18. a Thread-and-needle 2144. f Thread-foot 1627. a Thread-of-life 1792. a Three-buds 1630. b Thridace 1125. d Thrift, European 1903. a Thrift, Sea 1903. a *Thrincia 1163 Throat-root 885. b, e Throatwort 362. f, 1820. b, ¢ {Throatwort 677. a, 1124. b Through-wax 802. i tThrowwort 1165. a Thrumwort 91. a Thrumwort, Great 72. 2 *Thuja 349, "453, 1192 ‘Thunder-flower 83. b 1235, a, 1497. ¢ Thunder-plant 1830. a Thuris cortex 606. b Thus 289. a, d Thus, American 1601. i, s Thuya 1992. b *Thuya, see Thuja Thym 1994. b *Thymbra 1251 THYME, species 1994 Thyme, Basil 520. a, ¢ Thyme, Cat 1973. ¢ Thyme, Field or Hows 520.a Thyme, Mountain 1111. b Thyme, Virginia 1111. b Thyme, Water 1566. a Thyme-weed 1566. a Thymeleae cortex 644 Thymian 1994. b Thymian, wilder 1994 a Thymol 1690. a *Thymus 520 Thymus cataria 1973. ¢ *Thysselinum 1554 ° Tia 1760. a *Tiarella 207, 1173 Tick-seed 575 Tick-trefoil 1294 469 Tickle-weed 2089. b Tickweed 960. a *Tiedemannia 1479 Tiger-flower 1998 Tiger-lily, Dwarf 879. a Tiger-wood 349. a, 1253. b Tiger’s-milk 813. a Tiger’s-mouth 151. a *Tiglium 606 Tiglium 606. h Tika 1253. a Tikor 619. a Til 1837. a Til-seed 925. a Til-tree 1999. b +Till-seed 1160. a Tillet (Tilet) 1999. b Tilleul 1999. b Tilly seeds 606. g, h Timboe 1836. a Tinder, German 1644. d Tive-grass 2096. c ‘Tine-tare 1141. j, 2096. d Tine-weed 2096. d Tinker’s weed (Tinker’s- root) 2037. a Tipsen 1043. a Tipsin (Tipsinna) 1679. b Tiresome-weed 2158. a ‘Tischlerschachtelhalm 758.b ‘Tiss-wood 1344, a, 1546. a Tithymal 803. ¢ *Tithymalus 803 Titi 519. a Titi, Red (or White) 637. a Titson (Titsy) 1043. a ‘Tivers 863 To-sai-shin 194. g Toa 405. a Toad-flax 1205, 740 . Toad-flax, Bastard 546. a Tood-flax, Ivy-leaved 629. a ‘Toad-lily 513. d Toad-pipes (Tad-pipes) 758. ¢ Toad-root 28. b Toad-spit 1159 Toad’s-mouth 151. a Toad’s-tail 1240. a Toadstool 53 TOBACCO, species 1410 Tobacco, British 2053. a Tobacco, Indian 1217. b +Tobacco, Indian 144, b Tobacco, Ladies’ 121. a, 144. b Tobacco, Tobacco, Mountain 183. a Oregon 2077. b Tobacco, Poison 1041. b Tobacco, Rabbit 904. a Tobacco, Riverside 1619. b Tobacco, Wild 1205. a,1217.b Tobacco, Woman’s 144. b Tobacco-root 1191. a, 2077. b Tobacco-weed 741. a Tobacco-wood 944. a Toddy 178. a, 285. a, 394. a, 529. b, 1570. ¢ Toe-nails 1284. a Todtenblume 344. a Tolemane, Fecule de 369. a Tollkirsche, (Tollkraut) ‘ 219.a Tollkérner 117. a Tolmeiner 664. b *Tolmiaea 507, 1173 Tolu-balsam 2008. c . GENERAL INDEX. Tom Bontrin’s-bush 1961. a Tom Pimpernow! 116. a Tomatillo 1578. c Tomato 1239. a Tomato, Husk 1578. b Tomato, Strawberry 1578 Tonga 757. a, 1659. a Tonga-bean 688. a, b Tongue 206. a Tongue-grass 1168. a, b, e, 83. € Tonka-bean 688. a, b Tonkabohnen 688. a Tonquin-bean 688. a, b Tooart 790. n Toon tree 417. b Tvot-poison 574. b Tooth-brush tree 1768. a Tooth-cup 97. a Tooth-pick plant 98. a Tooth-root 660 T»othache-tree 2136. c, 170. f Tovuthache-tree, New Zea- land 1320. a Toothwort 660, 1620. a {Toothwort 329. a Topana 392. c Toper’s plant 1774. c Topinambour 968. b Torch-wvod 112 Torches (Torchwort) 2090.b *Tordylum 411 *Torilis 411 *Torilis 148. a Tormentil (Thormantle) 1658 g *Tormentilla 1658 Tormentilla root 1658. g Tormentillwurzel 1658. g Tornillo 1664. c *Torreya 1939, 2050 Torrey tree 2050. b Tortelle 1860. a Tory-wee t 633. a Touch-and-heal 1043. a, b Touch-leaves 1043. a Touch-me-not 1057 Touch-weed 1332. b Touchwood 1641. a Toulema 369. a Touloucouna 378. b Tous les mois 369. c, 2344. a Tournesol 1150. b Toute-épice 1594. b Tow-cok (Tow-cock) 2098. a *Toxicodendron 1730 Toyon (Tollon) 997, a Toywort 329.a Tragacanth 208. f, ete Tragacanth, African 1912. ¢ Tragacanth, Indian 1912. d Tragacanth, Senegal 1912. ¢ Tragacantha 208. f, etc Traganth 208. f, etc Traubenfarrn 1471. b Traubenkraut 464. b, e {Traveler’s-delight 157. a Traveler’s-joy 514. ¢ d, +Traveler’s-joy 1240. a Traveler’s tree 1714. a Treacle, Clown’s 76. e Treacle, Countryman’s 756. a Treacle, English 74. a, 1973. e Treacle, Poorman’s 74. a, | 76. e Treaclewort 1989.a | Tread-softly 1091. a Treasure-of-love 1824. a Tree-beard 2001. a Tree-fern 84, 492 +Tree-fern 1471. b ' Tree-hair 2070. a Tree-of-heaven 62 Tree-of-the-gods 62. b Trétle @eau 1310. a TREFOIL, species 2032 Trefoil, Bean 1310. a, 641. a Trefoil, Bird’s-foot 1227. a Trefoil, Bitter 1310. a Trefoil, Black 1291. ¢ Trefoil, Golden 981 b Trefoil, Great 1291. d Trefoil, Hart’s 1300, b Trefvil, Heart 1291. a Trefoil, Hop 1291. ¢ Trefoil, Marsh 1310. a Trefoil, Melilot 1291. ¢ Trefvil, Moon 129t. b Trefoil, Shrubby 1681. a Trefoil, Sour 1475, a Trefoil, Spanish 1291. d Trefoil, Sweetsmelling 802.c Trefoil, Water 1310. a *Trianosperma 414 *Tribulus 1102 *Tricerastes 648 *Trichophyllum 228 *Trichostema 1070 Trick-madam 1824, b Trickle 660. a *Tricratus 3 *Trifolium 1300, 1781, 1928 Trifolium aureum 981. b Trifolium fibrinum 1310. a Trifoly, Sea 893. a Trifoly, Sour 1475. a Trinitatis herba 2102. f Trip-madam 1824 a, b Trip-toe 2095. a *Tripolium 299 *Tripterella 328 Tristram’s-knot 370. a *Triticum 60 Triticum U.S. P. 60 a Trixaginis herba 1973. b *Trixis 1541 Troll-flower 2043. a, b Trompetenblatt 1787. b Trompillo 1867. p *Troximon 58, 1416, 1596. True-love 2036. b Truffe de cerf 737. a TRUFFLE, species 2047 +Truffle 559..a ct ' Truffle, Hart’s 737. a Truffle, Tuckahoe 1238, b Trumpet Creeper 1964, a Trumpet-flower 265 Trumpet-flower, Evening 878. a “4 Trumpet-flower (Virginia) 1964. a ? Trumpet-leaf 1787 Trumpet-plant 1787. a Trumpet-viue 1964. a aa Trumpet-weed 802. j,1125.2 — Trumpets 1125. a at a Trumpets, (Yellow) 1787, a _ Tshuking 187. ¢ Tuber-root 195. d *Tuberosa 1635 Tuberose 1635. a / NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Tuberose, Wild 936. a Tuckaho (Tuckahoo) 1238.b Tuckahoe 1238. b, 1463. a +Tuckahoe 1528. b Tucum oil 210. a Tuggur 165. a Tule (Tule Rush) 1809. a Tule root 1762 TULIP, species 2049 Tulip, Butterfly 351. c Tulip, Cape 939. a Tulip, Pine 466. b Tulip, Wild 351. c Tulip-tree 1211. a +Tulip-tiee 1262. b Tulip-wood 1474. b Tulipier 1211. a *Tullia 1111 Tulpenbaum 1211. a Tuluecuna 378. b Tumbler-weed 91. c, 575. a, 626, 1679. h Tumeric see Turmeric *Tunica 664 TUPELO, species 1421 Tipfelfarrno 1643. a Turbith vegétal 1444. a *Turia 1232 Turkey-beard 2137 Turkey-berry 1936. ¢ Turkey-blossom 2024. a Turkey-bur 174. a Turkey-claw £68. a Turkey-corn 262. a Turkey-grass 863. a Turkey-pea 262. a +Turkey-pea 767. a Turkey-pod 1908. a Turkey-troop 1641.0 Turmeric 619. c,d +Turmeric 1773. a Turmeric, Indian 1032. a Turmeric root 1032. a *Turnera 1603 Turnip 303. b ‘Turnip, Black 1162. a Turnip, Cree 1679. b Turnip, Dakota 1679. b Turnip, Devil’s 320. b Turnip, Dragon 181. b Turnip, Indian 181. esp. b ‘Turnip, Lion’s 1162. a Turnip, Marsh or Meadow Turnip, Pepper 181. b ‘Turnip, St. Anthony’s 1711.f ‘Turnip, Swamp 181. b Turnip, Wild 181. b Turnsole 973 +Turnsole 803. d ‘Turpentine 1601.i,j,k,],m,r,t Turpeutine Chian 1605. e Turpentine Cyprian 1605. e Turpentine, Oil 1601. i, r ‘Turpentine, Scio 1605. e Turpentine, Strassburg 2. f Turpentine, Venice 1138. b Turpentine tree 1605.e . ‘Turpeth, Vegetable 1444. a Turpeth root 1444. a ‘Turr 2056. a *Turritis 167 Turtle-bloom 463. a Turtle-grass 2158. a Turtle-head 463 ‘Tushylucky 2053. a. ‘Tussilage 2053. a Tussilaginis herba 2053. a *Tussilago 1548 Tutsan 1143. a Tutu 574. b Tuzzimuzzy 1368. b Tway-blade 1212, 1176 Twice-writhen 1641, e Twig-withy 1764. m Twin-berry 1336. a Twin-flower 1207. a Twin-leaf 1093. a Twin-sisters 1207. a Twisted-horn (Twisty) 970. a, b Twisted-stalk 936. b Twisted-stick 970. a, b Twitch-grass 60. a Two-vcyed berry 1336, a, 3207. a Two-faces-under-a-hat 166.b Two-lips 636, a, ete Two-penny grass 1249. a *Udora 1566 Ulim 2056. a Ulmaire 2057. a Ulmenrinde 2058. f Ulmenspirde 2057. a * Umbellula 2059 Umbil-root 636, d, e *Umbilicus 586 Umble (Umbel) 636. d, e Umbra tree 1585. a Umbrella-leaf 6383, 1548. a Umbrella-plant 1625. a, 645. g Umbrella tree 1262. c, d, e, 322. ¢ +Umbrella tree 576.a, 1495.a Umbrellawort 75 *Uncaria 953, 1473 *Uncinaria 1474 Uncum (Unkum) 185l.a Unicorn (True) 68. a Unicorn plant 1284, a, 68, a Unicorn-root 6%, a Unicorn-root, False 455. a Unicorn’s-horn 455. a, 68. a Universe-vine 176. f *Unona 364, 2140 Unshoe-the-horse 290. a Upas antiar 150. b Upas radja 1923. f Upas tieute 1923. f Upas tree 150. b Upstart 534. a *Urania 1714 Urari 1923. g *Uredo 2071 *Urostigma 831 *Urtica 2068 Ussacu 1029. a Uva anguina 320. b Uva ursi 176. f Uvae passae 2108. e Uvalho do campo 796. h *Uvaria 364, 2140 Uvedalia 1642. a *Uvularia 1918 *Vaccinium 468, 873, 1054, 1476, 2139 *Vachellia 7. d VALERIAN, species 2077 Valerian, American 636. a, ete Valerian, False 1831. a VALERIAN, GREEK, species 1634 463 Valerian, Wild 636. a, etc *Valeriana 1386, 2078 Valeriana major 2077. g Valeriana minor 2077. ¢ Valériane americaine 636. d Valériane greque 1634. a Valériane officinale 2077. ¢ *Valerianella 71, 1615 Valonia (Vallonea) 1704. d Valleys 562. a Vandal-root 2077. ¢ Vanilla, Carolina 2035. a Vanilla-leaf 2035. a Vanillae siliqua (fructus) 2083. a Vanille 2083. a Varech vesiculeux 849.b,c,d . Varnish-tree 1036. a Varnish-tree False 62, b Varnish-tree, Japanese 1730. 0 Vegetable-horsehair 2001. a Vegetable-oyster 2015. a Vegetable-satyr 938. i *Velaea 186 Vélar 1860. a Velvet-bur 1662. a Velvet-flower 91. a + Velvet-flower 1951. b Velvet-leaf 6. a, 1146.a Velvet-leaf 475, a Velvet-plant 2090. b Velvet-seed 922. a Velvet-weed 6. a Velvets 2102. e Vengay 1682. ec Venus’-bath 686. b Venus’-comb 1796. a Venus’-cup 636, d, e, 686. b Venus’-flytrap 679. a Venus’-hair 40. a Venus’-looking- lass 1154 Venus’-pride 1022 Venus’-shoe 636. a, ete Venusblut 2091. f Venusfinger 633. a Venushaar 49, a Vératre blane 2089. a -Vératre vert 2089. b *Veratrum 193, 455, 1907 Veratrum americanum 2089. b *Verbena 12/9 Verbena, Garden 2091. a,b Verbena, Lemon 1209, d Verbena, Sweet 1209. d Verbena-grass 129 b *Verbesina 732, 923 Verge d’or 1869. b *Vermicularia 2079 Vernal-grass 147 Vernis de Japon 62, b *Veronica 1171 Veronica purpurea 260, a Veroniken 2094, f Véronique de Virginia 117l.a Véronique femelle 2094, d Véronique male 2094. f Verrucariae herba 344. a VERVAIN, species 2091 Vervain, Base 2094. d Vervein (Vervine, Vervin) 2091. f Verveine odorante 1209. d Verveine officinale 291. f *Vesicaria 1180 464 Vesseloup 1238. a VETCH, species 2096 Vetch, Joint- 49 Vetch, Kidney- 149 Vetch, Licorice 208, e VETCH, MILK-, species 1464 +Vetch, Milk- 1556 Vetchling 1141 Vetiver 129. f *Vetiveria 129 Vettervoo 482. f Vew (View) 1963. a Vi-tree 1898. a *Viborquia 818 *Vicia 1160 Victoria regia 2097. a Victorialis bulbus 76. i Victorialis rotundi bulbus 891. b Vielchenwurzel 1068. a, b, c Vierling 1761 Vigne 2108. e Vigne vierge 1514. 4 *Villarsia 1197 Vin 2108. e Vincetoxici radix 630. b *Vincetoxicum 630 Vine, Wild 320. a Vine, White 320 Vinegar tree 1730. c, d Vinettier 251. e *Viola 333 VIOLET, species 2102 Violet, Adder’s 785. b FViolet, Adder’s 1538. a Violet, Bog 1499. a Violet, Calathian 882. g Violet, Damask 990. a Violet, Dame’s 990. a Violet, Dog’s-tooth 785. b Violet, Green 612 Violet, Mahukona 2024. a Violet, Marsh 1599. a Violet, Mercury’s 362. e Violet, Nodding 343. b Violet, Rattlesnake’s 785. b Violet, Star 1022. b,c Violet, Trinity 2014. a Violet, Water 1021 Violet, Whorl-leaved 343. b Violet-bloom 1867. j Violet-wood 7. Violette odorante 2102. d Viper’s-grass 731. a, 1819. a Viper’s-herb 731. a Vip+rina radix 182. f Vipérine 731. a Vipérine de Virginie 182. f Vippe 1601. r Virgaurea 1869. b *Virgilia 509 VIRGIN’S-BOWER, species 514 TVirgin’s-bower 1115. a Virzin’s-bower, Purple 216. a Visci stipites (lignum) 2105. 2 *Viscum 1249 Viscum quernum 1226. a *Vitellaria 1228 *Vitis 105, 502, 1514 Vitis alba °320. 'b Vitis alba sylvestris,320. a #Vieckia 54 Viix 1208. b GENERAL INDEX. Vogelbeere 1875. d *Volvulus §63 Vomit-nut 1923. d Vomitwort 1217. b *Vuacapua 2110 Vulneraria 149. a Vulvaire 464. i Vuss (Vuz) 2056. a Wachholder 1099. b Wachsbaum 1375. b Wachsgagel 1375. b Wachsmyrtel 1375. b Wachtelweizen 1296 Wahoo (Wauhoo) 801. b TWakoo 1721. k, 1999. ¢, 2058. b, ¢ Wahoo, Lynn 1999. ¢ Waid 1717. a Waifa 1874. a WAKE-ROBIN, species 2036 Wake-robin 181. b, 189. a Wake-robin , Virginia 1528.b Wait-a-bit 1865. 0 Waldfarn 712. b Waldbahnenfuss, weisser 133. g Waildmalve 1270. b Waldmangold 1696. d Waldmeister 201. b Waldsiroh 863. f Walewort (Wallwort) 1771.c Walking-fern 363 Wall-ink 2094. e Wali-pepper 1824 a Wall-pie 204. ¢ Wall-rue Fern 204. ¢ faVallfiower $68. a bater=rg igh Western 160, a, 482, Wallnuneriivite: graue 1096.a Wallwort 1499. a, 1771. c, 1824. a WALNUT, species 1096 Walnut, Belgaum 69. a Walnut, Country 69. a Walnut, Indian 69. a Walnut, Lemon 1096. a Walnut, Satin 1210. b Walnut. Spanish 69. a Walnut, Sweet 1004. g Walnut, Tahiti 69. a Walnut, White 1004. 2g Wancopin 1391. a Wandering-Jeuny 1249,a Wandering-Jew 629. a, 1792. a Wandering-sailor 1249. a Wanika 1919.a TWankapin 1420.c Wappate (Wapatoo) 1762 Waras (Wars) 1267. a Ward-seed 329. a Warence 1749. a Warlock 303. a, 1712. a Warmot 187. b *Warnera 1032 Warree 1496. a Wart flower 462.a Wart-spurge 803. d Wart-weed 462 a, 803. Wartwort 803. d, k, 578. a, 904. c Warzenkraut 344. a Waschwurzel 1781. a *Washingtonia 1397 *Washingtoniana 1832 Wasser-Bathengel 1973. e d, k 462. a ? Wasserandorn 1242. b bebe t yom ee 885. Wasserdost 802. c, i, m Wasserdiirrwurz 263. i Wasserfenchel 1427. ¢ Wassethanf 263. i, 802, c,i Wasserholder 2095. d is kanadisches. 1 Wasserkrug 1787. b Wassermangoldwurzel 1753. e Waseca 1033 Wassernabel, asiatischer 424.4 Wasserschierling 495. ¢ Wasserschwelke 2095. a Wasserviole 102) Wasserwegerich 72,a Water-archer 1762 Water-bean 1391 Water-blinks 1358. a Water-blob 355. a, 399. a, 1420. b Water-caltrop 2017. a Water-can 399. a, 1420. b Water-carpet 487. a Water-cress, American 379.¢ Water-cress, Marsh 1742. ¢ Water-cress, Mountain 379. d,e Watersdoeen True 1742 Drs Water-cress, Yellow 1742. Water-crowfoot 1711. g Water-cup 1787. a Water-dragon 355. a baba Hemlock 1427. a Water-dropwort, Hemlock 1 ’ 427.a Water-feather 1021 Water-fern 434 Water-goggles 355. Water eran 1043. ¢, “742. db Water-hemp 24 haber 5 Agrimony Na Water Hoarhound 1242 Water-jelly 302. a Water-kers 1742. b Water-leaf 302. a, 1034 - Water-lemon 1515. a, e, 7 Water-lentil 1159 ~ Water-lettuce, W. Indian 1606. a WATER-LILY, species 399, 1420 Water-lily, Dwarf 1197. a Water-lily, Fringed 1197. a Water-lily, Great 1391. a Water-lily, Jamaica 1391. > Water-lily, Little 302. a- Water-lily, Tree 1262.c Water-lily, Victoria 2097. a Water-lily, White 399 Water-lily, ba 1420 Water-melon 505. Water-milfoil, Hooded ee : 9072. . a, ete Water-nut 2017. a, 1891. a Water-nymph 1382, 399, eg 7 Water-pepper 1641. 1? Fe Co: } - NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Water-skegs, Yellow 1068. e Water-spike 1657 Water-target 302. a Water-torch 2035. a Water-weed 1566. a Water-yam 164 a Waterwort 739, 204. d Wattle 7. ¢, j, etc Wau 1717. a Wax-bush 1511. a Wax-cluster 870. a Wax-dolls 850. a Wax-palm, Brazilian 566. a Wax-plant 1025. a, 1851. a Wax-tree 2106. a Wax-tree, Japanese 1730. m Wax-weed, Blue 15ll.a Wax-work, Roxbury 42i.a Waxen-woad 881. a Way-bread 1611. b,c Way 1641. d Way-thoro 1721.d Wayfaring tree 2095. j Way faring-tree, American 2095. a Waywort 116.a Weandee 353. a Weathercock 1057. a, d Weeby 1831. f Weeping-widow 847. c Wegedorn, glatter 1721. g Wegerich (Wegetritt) 1611. b Weiberkraut 187.s Weichselkirsche 1668. j Weide 1764 Weiderich 1249 Weiderich, rother 1250. a Wein 2108. e Wein, wilder 1514. a Weinachtswurz 974. b Weinrebe 2108. e Weinstock 2108. e Weirauch 289, a Weisstanne 2. f Weisswurzel 1639. c, d Welcome-to-our-house 803.b Weld 1717.a Welsh-nut 1096. d Weremod 187. b Wermuth 187. b, 0 *Werrinuwa 925 Whin, Petty, 1439. b Whinberry 2075. a Whip-beam 1875. c Whip-tongue 863. f Whippoorwill-boots 1787. b Whippoorwill’s-shoe 636. a, 1787. b Whist-aller 1771. e Whistle-wood 16. c, d,1875.d, 1999. a Ld rider ry ges a White-apple 157. a White-bark 1652. a White-beam 1875. c White-berry 27. a White-bird 83. b,c White-blow 778. a White-bush 518. a, 2139. a White-cap 1895. d, 53. a White-devil 206. d White-dillies 1385. e White-head 1513. a White-heads 27. a White-leaf 1895. d White-Nancy 1385. e White-Robin 1236. a White-rock 167. a White-root 195. d, 1639. e,d White-rosin tree 1601. i White-vine 514. d, 320 White-weed 482. e, 148. ¢ White-wood 1999. a, e, 1211. a, 713. a White-wood, Bahama 362.a Whitewort 1639. c, 482. f Whitlow-grass 702 Whitlow-grass, Vernal 778 Whitlowwort, Silver 1506.a Whitten tree 2095. d Whorly-wort 1171. a Whort (Whurt) 2075. a WHORTLEBERRY, species 873, 2075 Whortleberry, Bear’s 176. f Whuttle-grass 1300. b Whya tree 1738. a Wick 60. a, 592. a Wickakee 403. a, etc Wicke 1592. a Wicke 1103. ce, d, 1875. d Wicken-tree 1875. d Wickens 60. a, 592. a Wicopy 689. a Wicopy, Indian 456. a Wickup 456. a, 755. b,689. a 1999. a Wicky 1103. c,d, 1875. d Widbin 1222. b, ec Widdy 1764 Widerthon, edler 707. a Widerthon, goldner 1649. a Widow-wail 847. c Widow-wisse 881. a Widow’s-cross 1824. g Wiesenklee 2032. f Wiesenknoterich 1641. e Wiesenkressen 379. c Wiffs 1764 Wig-tree 583. b *Wigandia 772 Ll oe (Wiggin) 1875. d Wild-cherry bark 1668. p Wild-vine 1956. a Wild-wood 1717. a Wildaurin 914. a Wilding tree 1269. a “Wilgers 1764. m 465 Wildkirsche 1668. p Willey (Wilf) 1764 WILLOow, species 1764 Willow, Bay 456. a Willow, Blooming 456. a Willow, Crane 428. a Willow, Desert 465 Willow, Flowering 456. a Willow, French 456. a Willow, Ground 1641. a Willow of Scripture 1403. a, 1652. h Willow, Milk 1250. b Willow, Persian 456. a Willow, Primrose- 1100 Willow, Red 576. b Willow, Roman 1945. a Willow, Rose 576. b Willow, Sage 1250. a Willow, Sweet 1375. c Willow, Virginia 1078 Willow, Water- 663 Willow: 1641. a Willow-herb 755 Willow-herb, French 456. a Willow-herb, Golden 1249.d Willow-herb, Great 456 Willow-herb, Hooded 1821. a, c Willow-herb, Milk 1250. a,b Willow-herb, Night 1436. a Willow-herb, Purple 1250.a Willow-herb, Spiked 456. a, 1250. a Willow-herb, Swamp 652.a Willow-herb, Yellow 1249.d Willow-weed 1250. a, 1641. a, Willowwort 1250. a Wimberry 2075. a Windles 1611. b Winberry (Wine-berry) 2075. a Wincopipe 116. a Wind 563. a Wind-berry 2075, p Wind-flower 133. esp. g and j, 1940. a 7Witd-flower 329. a, 514. f Wind-fiower, Red 133. f Wind-herb 1568. b Wind-root 195. d Wine 2108. e Wine Palm 1570. ¢ Wine-berry 1732. h, i, 2075. p Wine-berry shrub 574. b Wine-tree 1875.a Wing-seed 1681. a Wing-stem 2092. a Wink-a-peep 116. a Winlin-berry 1771. e Winter-berry 1053. h, i, j Winter-bloom 944. a Winter-fat 805. a Winter-sweet 1456. d Winter-weed 2094. h, i, 83. c Winter’s bark 706. a *Winter’s bark 499. b, c Winter’s-bark, False 368. a *Wintera 706 *Winterania 368 Winteranus spurius cortex 368. a Wintergreen 870. b Wintergreen, Bitter 466. b 4<7 veiw eet” Ol A’ -l . 4 ‘ Ls}! Ve { > . 466 GENERAL INDEX. Wintergreen, Chickweed Wood-fern 712. c,d Wurmtod 187. b . 2031. a Wood-flower 133. b. Wurrus (Wurus) 1267. a- Wintergreen, False 1696.d Wood-fringe 42. a Wurstkraut 1456. c, 1789. a Wintergreen, Flowering Wood-lettuce 1125. b Wych-elm 2058. e 1638. ¢ Wood-lily, Red 2036. b Wych-hazel 944. a .. Wintergreen, Large 1696 Wood-lily, White 2036. c tWych-hazel 2058. e {Wintergreen oil 261, b Wood-nut 579. c Wych-wood 2058. e Wintergreen, One-flowered Wood-of-the-holy-cross Wychen 1875. d 1349. a 1226. a Wymote 87. a W intergreen, Pear-leaved Wood-oil 687. a, etc Wythan, Moss 1375. c 1696. d Wood-sage, American *Xanthosoma 1528 Wintergreen, Round-leaved 1973. a *Ximenesia 2092 1696. d Wood-sore 251. e *Xylocarpus 378 Wintergreen, Spotted 466.a Wood sour 1475. a, 251. e *Xylopia 2140 Wintergreen, White 468. a Wood-sow 251. e *Xylosma 713 Winterbrunnenkresse Wood-sower 1475. a *Xylothermia 1985 235. a Wood-vine, Wild 1514. a Yackron 1704. q Wintergriin 466. b baboon ’(Woodwaxen) Yaits (Yetts) 221. a Winterrinde, echte 706. a Yak 1704. qg Winterrose 974. b Wool bine 5638. c, 961.-a YAM, species 680 Winterszimmt 796. a WOODBINE, species 1222 Yam, Water 164. a ¢Wire-grass 1641. d +Woodbine 514. c, 563. ¢ Yam, Wild 680. f Wire-weed 1641. d, 206. d Woodbine, American 1514.a Yamp 211. a *Wisteria 1115. Woodbine, Carolina Wild §$Yantonica 187. n Wisteria, American 1115. a Yarr 1884. a Wit 1410. a Woodbine, Wild 1514. a Yarrow 18 : Witch 2058. e Woodnep 1686. a Yarrow, Water 1021 Witch-hobble (-hopple) Woodrip 201. b Yate-tree 790. 1 ; 2095. a, d Woodrowel (Woodrowe) Yaupon 1053. b, k Witch-grass 60. a 201. b Yaw-root 1914. a Witch-wood 801. c, 1875. a,d Woodruff 201. b Yaw-weed 1359. b 2058. e Wool-flower 937. a Yeara 1730, i Witches’-bell 362. b Woolen 2090. b Yéble 1771. ¢ Witches’-bells 423. c Wooly-butt tree 790. o Yellow-bells 785. b Witches’-milk 1008. a Wordsworth’s flower 830.4 Yellow-berries 1721. h Witches’-moneybag 1824.c World’s-wonder 1335. a, Yellow-caul 1711. c Witches’-pouches 329. a 1781. a Yellow-eye 1032, a Witches’-thimble 362. b Worm-bark 2110. b, ¢ Yellow-eyed Grass, Carolina Witches’-thimbles 423. c Worm-grass 1892. b, 1824. e 2142. a Witchen 1875. d Worm-weed 1633, 1892, b Yellow-flower 303. a With-wind 563. a, 1641. h Worm-weed, Corsican Yellow-gum tree 2133. b Withe-rod 2095. b, isl 1889. a Yellow-Hercules 2136. e Withe-wood 2095. i, 1 Wormint 187. b Yellow-Jack 1385. b Witherspail 863 Wormseed, Aleppo 187. n Yellow-rod 1205. a , Withy, Cane 1764.4 Wormseed, ” Alexandrial87.n Yellow-root oh ” 1032. a, Withy, Golden 1375. c Wormseed, American 464. ¢ 421. a, 109 f¢ Withy, Hoar 1875. ¢ Wormseed, Levant 187. n° Yellow-root, Shrub 213440 Withy-twig 1764. m Wormseed, Treacle 782.b Yellow-seed. 1168. ¢ Withy-wind 514. d WoRMWooD species 187 Yellow-star 965. a Witty tree 1875. d Wormwood, Bastard 95.a Yellow-top 1869 Woad (Wad) 1071 Wormwood, Roman 95.a Yellow-weed 1717. a Woad, Wild 1717. a Wormwood, Wild 1513.a Yellow-wood 2136. c,e, - Woad-waxen 881. a Wort 2075. a 472. a, 583. a, 1797. a, Woats (Wocks) 221. a Wots 221. a 1938. a, 2011. a, 2134. a Wode-whistle 555. a Woundwort 149. a, 1869.b Yellow-wood, Kentucky poet, gemeiner Woundwort, Clown’s 1900.a 509. a 6. d Woundwort, Marsh 1900. a Yellow-wood, Prickly Woblvegieih 183. a Woundwort, Soldier’s 18. a 2136. e A Woke (Wuk) 1704. q Wourari (Wourali) 1923. g Yellow-wood, West Indian Wolf-berry 1936. a Wreath-aster, White 206. * 2136. e Wolf-foot 1242. ¢ Wren’s flower 883. b Yellowsavls Parsley-leaved Wolf-grape 1867. j Wret-weed 462. a 2134. a Wolf-root 25. i *Wrightia 1011. Yellows 636. d,e . Wolf’s-bane 25, esp. i,183.a, Wudwise 881.a Yen-ju 1874. a 7. 759. a Wuk 1704. q Yer-nut 559. a, 168. a | Wolf’s-claws 1240. a Wukkum 338. ¢ Yerba buena 1328. a, 1308. j : Wolf’s-fist 1238. a Wundcrbaum 1735, a Yerba buena piers, 1308.10 Wolf’s-milk 803. d, g¢ Wunderblume 1335. Yerba del soldado. 2113. b *Wolffia 2114 Wundkraut 2094. f Yerba mansa 1023. a Wolfsfuss 1242.c | Wundkraut, gulden 1869.b Yerba marra 1325. a, b~ Wolfskirche 219. a - Wundsehwamm 1644. a Yerba maté 1053. e, f, g _ Wolfstrapp 1165. a, b Wurmfarn 712. b Yerba reuma 843. a Wolfswurz 28. ¢ Wurmkraut 1957. a Yerba santa 772. a Wollkraut 2090. b Wurmmoss 1889. a Yercum 354, a Wood-aster, Blue 206. a Wurmrinde 2110. b,c ' Yerrow 18. a ath Wood-brooms 686. b Wurmsamen 187. n, 464. c _ YEW, species 1963 ‘ Wood-cress, Yellow 1742.c Wnrmtang 1889. a Yin-hing 889. a ‘ , NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Yilang-ylang 364 Yoncopin 1391. a Youpon 1053. b, k Youthwort 707. a, 982. a Ysop 1048. a Yungfernbliithe 707. a *Zaga 4 Zahnwehrinde 2136. c,e Zahnwurzel 115. a Zamang 1608. b Zante-wood 583. b *Zanthoxylon 2136 *Zapania 1209 Zapfenkorn 512. a Zapote 395. a Zapote borracho 1228. b Zapote prieto (negro) 681. d Zarnabac 619. e Zauberhasel 944, a Zaunriibe 320. b Zédoaire 619. b, e Zedoary (Zedoaria) 619. b,e Zebrkraut 260. a Zebrwurz 181. b, 189. a Zeitlosenwurzel 534. a Zerechtit 187. c Zerumbet root 2152. ¢ Zibel nut 1601. a Zierstrauch, amerikanis- cher 1668. p Ziest 1900 Zimmt 500. a, d Zimmt, weisser 368. a Zimmtbliithen 500. f Zimmtnigelchen 500. f *Zinnia 591 467 Zinnia, Garden 591 Zinnkraut 758. a Zipolle 76. c Zittwersamen 187. n Zittwerwurzel 619. e *Zizia 1979 *Ziziphora 960 *Zizyphus 1491 Zuckerriibe 259. a Zuckerrose 1743. d Zuckerwurzel 1863. ¢ Zuh 697. b Zunder 1644. a Zwetsche 1668. h Zwiebel 76. c *Zygadenus 479 *Zy gia 1608 ERRATA AND ADDENDA. SEE ALSO PAGE 406. 455. a. 619. b. For Zedoarie, read Zedoaire. 707. a. For Wiederthon, read Widerthon. 942, For Valisneriaceae, read Vallisneriaceae. 1280. a. 2148, a. For Steckkérner, read Stechk6rner. 2081. For Valisneria read Vallisneria and for Vallisneriaceae. For mayidis (lines 12 and 13) read maydis. Add to list of English synonyms, Grub-root, Star-grass*. Valisneriaceae read The following corrections should be made with a pen in the index. Page 415. Box, Wild Running 1336. a, instead of 1366. a. Page 420. Clover, Winter 1336. a, instead of 1366. a. Page 447. Partridge-vine 1336. a, instead of 1366. a. ts ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORS’ NAMES. AGAMS 6 oan stew bead Miche] Adanson = DODs.esc+s0- <0 sesuess -maene George Don 2 0) OP eee Alphonse DeCandolle JD. Domn................. ...- David Don A. Rich b iadideek: A. Richard’: \ Dotigl... ces snes eee David Douglas MANES vues hb oe ev eee totes William Aiton Dryand seoowse..JODAS Dryander — ATG Ls ans ote tae Wm. Townsend Aiton Duchesne......... Antoine N. Duchesne 0 Raed ie Ban One eS Carlo Allioni Dumort...... Barthélemy C. Dumortier ~ PRONG es Cenc plats’ “ bSaneey : iy ’ fol, Wie | yi’, + A ANAL NE 10) Py t BOF Nn fh i hater Magelebactint mi apy aah Hithie 7 NAIA sh aa Ap aisha +7 es , my ger ? y ‘ | va tal a4: 7 i ee ‘ey ae i 4 v4 i] i ; eae? eH) Ww ’ J ‘ alg M é Te ee Daria ¥ m) yi y 4 j j Ky his shane y yi Wr viyt j egy } SHAW din Mi Loe) ye ‘ f tad fn ts tif \ ps . ‘ 7 ty A re : 4 ' i 4 0 VF AA Dt " { + ; 15 i VV ’ ? ae eid Vial erg sh BY " , 6 i) | he JM Wit) . abit Lit } j NAA) FA ah Age yay: i i eee PAI 4 7 PAPTINY ew BARI AL ert by : ¥ ' : wing b | ie ¥ q ‘ yh ee Wey ' Pang 107 aK 7 iY pluie OP ERICA SEPA YON de rome, 1 : H . f Huis af bay beg a */ yh ‘ ve is ; Saat MEO IEy 4 Wi ae: ty bere Kae ey ee Tite bal nn RRL rth oe es Pr ; Wty tM . MN, the ja Via f athe: o AA AAS aay ANE f han Th eau if ye ‘ me my? hall fi han aN sys bn he \ MA Pisa 4 unas chCNC Een AR on y (f * £ ) 4 ‘ R) o ey Mae TUR Oh Nett |) SSeS RAN eR d ; ie en 7" “ why! - WRI OW. Mi f In Peace “i Oly nig" Pek wae ua ha t ep pace pag ti Ni aonb pe res i‘ ( , Ant New York Botanical Garden Library QK11.L9 gen Lyon VCMT 3 5185 00000 7151 sebebetitedefesiqacecseecessigtoteteted