THE PLANTSMAN 'lif^ V fa # W'4 VII VIII CONIFERS See back cover for identification. February/March 1992 THE PlANTSMAN V III ^ VII VIII CONIFERS See h ack cover j or identification. February/March 1992 rri dU U POROUS CERAMICS For Root Zone Modification REDUCE WATER COSTS, INCREASE TURF QUALITY THE ISOH (ees-o-lite) ADVANTAGE Upward to 50% water savings. Remarkable water holding capacity permanently solves drought problem areas. Relieves compaction permanently— hard porous granules will not compress. Environmentally safe — will not affect soil chemistry. Hard ceramic granules — will not break down, shrink or swell in the soil. 70% porosity— holds water against gravitational and evaporative loss, but releases it to the root. Extremely low C.E.C. (1 .2-1 .9 meg/1 OOg)— will not tie up nutrients. Low bulk density (.5-. 6 g/cc)— improves tx)th water and air permeability. Low E.G. (.1-.4 mmhos/cm) helps to eliminate salts. For Information on ISO CALL: Bob Brennan BRENNAN SALES, INC. PO Box 1082, Scarborough, ME 04070 207 883-5799 Wholesalers & Retailers 'Polnsettias 'Annuals 'Perenials 'Potted Plants 'Seasonal Crops 'Supplies Visit our 12 Greeninouses & Garden Center Claremont Hill, Newport, New Hampshire (603)863-1089 OPEN YEAR ROUND CALENDAR February 8 & 15 Seventh Annuai New Hampshire Landscape Association Short Course, Manchester School of Technology, Manchester, NH; for information: Guy Hodgdon at (207) 439-5189 10-13 The 47th Annual Penns yl- vania hlursery Conference; Hershey Lodge and Convention Center, Hershey, PA. ; (717) 238-1673. 11-13 Woody Ornamentals IPM Seg- ment, Landscape IPM Short Course. Eastern Mass. Agricultural Center, Waltham MA; (413) 545-089. 19 Advanced Bedding Plant Growers Program, Health &. Human Services Building Auditorium, Concord, NH; for information: Charles Williams at (603) 862-3207. 19 The Third Connecticut Organic Landscaping Conference; Keeney Center, Wethersfield, CN; for information: Nancy DuBrule, (203) 453-1228, or Bill Duesing, (203) 888-9280. 25 Landscape Plant Materials Seg- ment, Landscape IPM Short Course. Eastern Mass. Agricultural Center, Waltham, MA; (413) 545-089. 26 Vermont Plantsmen's Associa- tion's Annual Winter Meeting & Trade Show; Rutland Holiday Inn. Rutland, VT; for information: Rich- ard Quattlander at (802) 223-2944. March 2 Nursery/Landscape Recertification Program, UNH Manchester Conference Center, Manchester, NH; tor information: Charles Williams at (603) 862-3207. 7-8 FTD Region One Conference, Newton Marriott, Newton, MA; for information: Peter Collins at (603) 882-2723. 11-13 The Second Annual New England Landscape Exposition; Center ot New Hampshire Holiday Inn & Conference Center, Manchester, NH; for information: Guy Hodgdon at (207) 439-5189. 13-15 Sixth Annuai Seacoast Area Flower & Landscape Show; Pease AFB Recreation Center, Ports- mouth, NH; for information: Brenda Schure at (603) 436-0815. 14 The Natural Organic Farmers of Connecticut (NOFA/CT) Winter Conference; Keeney Center, Weth- ersfield, CN; for information: Nancy DuBrule, (203)453-1228, or Bill Duesing, (203) 888-9280. 14-22 Boston Fbwer Show, Boston MA. 20-22 New Hampshire Orchid Show (AOS approved). Center of New Hampshire Holiday Inn & Conven- tion Center, Manchester, NH; for information: Gordon LaBonte at (603)627-5319. April 1-September 20 Ameriflora'92: Interruitiorwl Garden Festival. Columbus, OH. 3-4 University of New Hampshire Greenhouse Open House; Plant Biology and Thompson School Greerihouses, Durham, NH. For information: Otho Wells at (603) 862-3208. 10-12 Primula Worldwide: The J 992 Intemanonal Primula Symposium, Portland, Oregon; for information: Ann Lunn at (503) 640-4582. 24 New Hampshire State FFA Competitions; UNH, Durham; for information: David Howell at (603)862-1760. July 11-15 International Floriculture Industry Short Course, Cincinnati Convention Center, Cincinnati, OH; for information: Mark Heinlein at (614) 487-1 117. August 5 New England Nurserymen s Asso- ciation Summer Meeting, Stewart's Nursery, Turners Falls, MA; for information: (617) 964-8209. 3 1 -September 4 Third International Geranium Conference, Hans Christian Anderson Conference Center, Odense, Denmark; for information: Richard Craig (at Penn State) at (814) 863-2191. November 5- 7 The 1992 International Plug Conference, Buena Vista Palace, Orlando, FL; for information: Julie A. Stewart at (708) 208-9080. Looking Ahead February 3-4, 1993 New England Grows '93; Hynes Convention Center, Boston, MA; for information: Virginia Wood at (617)964-8209. INSIDE 3 IRUM 5 FROM THE BOARD Robert E. Demers 7 NEW HAMPSHIRE NEWS 11 ELSEWHERE IN THE NEWS 13 Group Industry Promotion Save Money, Boost Business, & Learn from Each Other! Gail D. McWiUiam 15 Plan for the Disposal of Your Business Michael E. Bamea 18 MEMBER PROnLE Murray Farms Greenhouse 21 Orchids A Primer for Beginners in New England Emmett Ross 25 MARKETING TIPS 10 Steps to Becoming Customer Friendly Tina Sanjielle 28 WORTH REPEATING Prune That Shrub Correctly Chuck Bu^ett The Plancsman is published in early Febru- ary, April, June, August, October, and December with copy deadlines being the 5th of each prior month. While camera- ready ads are preferred, set-up assistance is available at a nominal fee. Free classified advertising is offered as a member service. We will carry a short message (no artwork or logos) tor one or two issues of The Plantsman. AD SIZE 6x 3 3/8" ^ • X 2 3/8"h $120 $30 3 3/8" V. X 4 7/8"h $160 $40 7" « / X 2 3/8"h $160 $40 7" « / X 4 7/8"h $250 $50 7" ^ X 10 "h $400 $100 For further information, please contact the editor: Robert Parker at the UNH Research Greenhouses, Durham, NH 03824, (603)862-2061; or PO Box 5, Newfields, NH 03856, (603)778-8353. February/March 1992 1 Rhododendron PJM (H\;bhdized in 1 940) ■ Rhododendron PJM (1940)' ■ Rhododendron Henrv's Red (1 958)' ■ Rhododendron Shnmp Pink Hybnds (J95Sj' ■ Rhododendron Agio (1 964)' ■ Rhododendron Olga Mezitt (1 964)' ■ Rhododendron Weston's Pink Diamond (1964)' ■ Rhododendron Molly Fordham (1966)' ■ Rhododendron Milestone (i 972j* ■ Rhododendron Apnl Snow (1978)' 'A WESTON NURSERIES INTRODUCTION' A phrase which stands for the very best that fifty years of horticultural innovation and testing can produce. Weston Nurseries is proud to have developed and introduced these outstanding plants for the benefit of the American Nursery industry. Azalea Jane Abbott (1 942)' Azalea Vykingfi958j* Azalea Pink and Sweei (1963)' Azalea Parade (1 963)' Azalea Golden Showers CJ963J' Azalea Pink Clusters fi972j' •YEAR HYBRIDIZED FOR THE FINEST "NEW ENGLAND-GROWN" PLANTS, VISIT OUR WHOLESALE SALES YARD OR CALL AND ASK FOR TOM WILHELM, DAVE WALKER OR TOM WILLIAMS. WE LOOK FORWARD TO HELPING YOU. Since 1923 Weston Mirseries ^^ of Hopkinton Growing New England's largest vanely of landscape size plants, shrubs, trees and perennials E. Main St. (Rte, 135), P.O. Box 186, Hopkinton, MA 01748, Tel. (508) 435-3414 From Boston 235-3431, Toll free in MA, 1-800-322-2002 FAX 508-435-3274 2 THE PlANTSMAN FORUM PRIVATE APPLICATOR RECERTIFICATION Murray L. McKay, Director Division of Pesticide Control On April 26, 1991, a new rule was passed which changes the manner in which private applicators recertify. The rules man- date that pesticide applicators recertify every five years by at- tending continuing education seminars or by retaking examina- tions. The new rule allows the applicator to attend several semi- nars over the five year period to obtain continuing education credits in order to recertify. A total of four core credits and eight commodity credits must be obtained by December 31 of the year indicated by the first two digets of your permit number (your recertitication year).The commodity group will be indicated by the last two letters of your permit number. All 1992 Restricted Use permits will in- clude the new coding for the commodity groups. The new two- letter codes for the categories are as follows: CT: Christmas Tree NS: Nursery GH: Greenhouse SF: Small Fruit TF: Tree Fruit BK: Beekeeper PO: Poultry DY: Dairy VG: Vegetable SO: Sod It is very important that you attend meetings approved for the commodity indicated on your permit to total the required num- ber of credits for the correct commodity group, as well as core credits. Seminars that have been approved for credit are posted in the Weekly Market Bulletin. For subscription information, please call 271-2505. Please contact the Division of Pesticide Control at 271-3550 with any questions NEW CONTACT The toll-free number for information on re-registration of minor-use chemicals at the US Department of Agriculture in Washington has been ended. For this type of information, you're encouraged to contact your Nation- al Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (NAPIAP) State Liaison Representative. In New Hampshire, this person is Dr. James Bowman, Extension Ento- mologist, Nesmith Hall, UNH, Durham, NH 03824. His phone number is (603) 862-1 159. To find your representative in other states, call the USDA at (202)720-4751. NEW MEMBERS Donna Fancy 58 Bow Lane Pembroke, NH 03275 Johnson's Northern Landscaping 32 Stark Highway North Dunbarton, NH 03045 Jeffrey Paone 89 Pickering Hill Road Gilsum, NH 03448 Twiss Farm Gardens 50 Stark Highway South Dunbanon, NH 03045 MINUTES Decembers, J 99 J The Board met at the UNH Thompson School Greenhouses in Durham. Chris, Bob, and Bruce were there. The minutes of the previous meeting and the financial report were read and approved. We have one new member. Publicity about our Winter Meeting will be sent after the meeting so that it can include the names of the new officers and board members. Richard Emerson will be keeping us informed about the New England Greenhouse Conference. Setting up a booth at ERNA was discussed, but no definite commitment to do it was made. (It was later decided not to attend this year and to look into attending the new regional show, New England Grows '93 in 1993.) The speakers, menu, and fees at the Winter Meeting were approved; details — the guest list, the program at lunch — were discussed. Participation in Farm & Forest will be discussed by the new board in their first brief meeting right after the Winter Meeting on January 15. At that time, the board will begin to put together a schedule of twilight meetings to be held in 1992. The possibility of holding a day-long program for earning recertification credits was discussed. It was felt a "no-frills" meeting sometime in the fall giving as much credit as possible, perhaps in the afternoon and early evening (to allow members the morning to get some of the day's work done), might be best. Seven applications for the two $500 scholarships given by the NHPGA were read and John Breen (Plant Biology) and Richard Mein (Thompson School) were chosen to receive the awards. The meeting adjourned at 9:30. February/March 1992 3 EASTERN WHITE PINE 6-10' Height Beautiful, heavy, Vermont, Connecticut Valley nursery grown. Growing 500 Acres of New England's Finest Trees & Shrubs 604 Main Street Cromweli, Connecticut 06416 Phone (203) 635-5500 Fax (203) 635-3685 S^illane 5^iirseries,%c. J. B. CARPENTER & SON, INC. Olde English Greenhouses 220 South Main Street — Newmarket, NH 03857 — (603) 659-3391 '*The Geranium Specialists'' Wholesale Growers 2' j" Geraniums (year-round, Lilies/Bulbs 4" pre-finished Geraniums Azaleas 2' ■■ Ivy Geraniums & Fuchsia Cyclamen I 'jrtha Washington Geraniums Poinsettias Spring Hanging Baskets Foliage Hydrangeas JOHN B. CARPENTER, President — ROBERT J. CARPENTER, General Manager 4 THE PlANTSMAN FROM THE BOARD Dear Members, The holiday season is over and once again it's time to look toward our spring season. I hope you all had a good Christmas and, for those of you in the florist industry, I hope Valentine's Day will be good for you as well. The year 1991 was a trying year — a lot was learned. Buying and selling trends that were used in the past had to be changed to meet our customers' new buying patterns. It was a very educational year: some of us learned the hard way while others saw what was coming and were cautious. Now it's a new year. The Plant Growers' Association has a full Board of Directors. All seven seats have been filled; plus — we have a Secretary/ Treasurer and a Plantsman Editor. All nine of us will be working hard to bring you a better 1992. How are we going to do this? I was hoping you would ask that question. This year's Winter Meeting is focused on surviving the recession. The speakers are business and plant-oriented and their advice should help you make some wise decisions. We are also planning a series of twilight meetings. We already have three planned that deal with greenhouses and nurseries. We are looking for a florist who'd be willing to have one at his shop. If you have any ideas for a twilight meeting that you'd like us to consider, please contact me. My address is below. Once again we'll be having our Summer Meeting. This year it's at the Jolly Farmer. We're having the same caterer and — due to the interest generated last year — even more vendors than before. Other events will take place there, but they're still in the planning stages. The NHPGA took a stand on a current land use bill now before the legislature (see New Hampshire News), and there arc some other bills (among them, a pesticide bill that — if passed — would make you notify all your neighbors five days before you spray) on which I'd like to see our views be known. I can't go on about these money-eating bills because I just broke two pencils and my father's counting. (My father blames my temper on my mother's Irish side.) The Board will also be working on finding ways our members can get pesticide credits. More details will come out once the new board meets. We have a lot of work ahead of us and we'll do the best we can to help our industry. By the way, if you're not a member yet, this would be a good year to become one. Thank you. Robert E. Demers 656 So. Mammoth Road Manchester, NH 03 109 P.S. The editor will also be working hard to all the board members' names on the back cover, as well as our pictures — especially mine, so I can give five copies to my mother. One Call Gets It All! As a major grower, distributor, and broker. Imperial Nurseries can satisfy your need for a wide selection of quality plant mate- rial and a full range of hard- goods. .\nd as your primarv source, we can do it with a sin- gle phone call from you. You'll save time . . . and save monev on special promotions . . . while offering your customers the very best. The quality and depth of inven- tory we provide, from both our Connecticut and Florida farms and the many quality growers we represent through our bro- kerage operations, give lawn and garden centers, landscap- ers and nurserymen what they need . . . when thev need it. Make Imperial Nurseries the primary source for all your horticultural needs. Call 1-800- 343-3132 today to discuss how we can meet vnur requirements. Growing Operations: Granbv.CT. Quma.fL Dislribution Centers: .\ston.PA. Cincmnali.OH { nitimbus. I)H, PiltsburRh. P.-\. Manassas. \,\. Uhile Marsh. MU. Windsor. CT Brokerage Offices: (.ranbv.CI, Sandv.UR [Ojtiro] linisKin ol I ulbr.j I cirpot.ilimi February/March 1992 5 The Mitsubishi Fuso 4WDFG. Built to work where others can't* There's always been a need for a need for a four- wheel drive, cab-over light-dut3' truck that can conquer sand, snow, steep hills, and off-road conditions. A real truck. The 127 HP, 11,600 Ib./GVW, intercooled, turbocharged diesel, MITSUBISHI FUSO 4WD FG, is exactly that truck. A cab-forward design with excep- tional front and side visibility lets the driver see over, and around, snowplows. Up, and down, hilly terrain. And threatening conditions that conventional designs hide. Wheelbase options help maintain the original design integrity that's often sacrificed by unnecessary adaptions. A durable, reliable chassis, frame, and suspension system not only makes the ride smooth. But also protects the truck, the load, and your investment. And, accepts a variety of body and box options. It is a truck that has survived over 5.000 miles of threatening conditions in the Australian outback to finish the 1988 Wynn's Safari Rally Race when 50% of the entrants didn't. MITSUBISHI FUSO 4WD FG will work on those jobs that destroy ordinary, conventional trucks. 4> INTERNATIONAL LIBERTY INTERNATIONAL 1 400 South Willow Street Manchester, NH 03103 Parts: 669-8524 NH WATS: 1-800-562-3814 4 MITSUBISHI FUSO 6 THE PlANTSMAN NEW HAMPSHIRE NEWS PLANT GROWERS SUPPORT H.B. 1242 House Bill 1242 as introduced by Rep. David Scanlon (R-Canaan) is a bill to establish a study committee to examine present current use law (which allows land value to be based on its current use rather than its economic potential) in New Hampshire and its effects on local revenues. The committee will research the formation of a new category in current use taxation for "residential open space" and examine the. possibility of a statewide fund from which to reimburse municipalities with large areasof land in current use. No new laws affecting current use taxation as it currently exists can be enacted until after this committee has made its report. H.B. 1242 was introduced in reaction to two other bills currently before the legislature. One (introduced by Tom Christie, R- Hookset) would eliminate current use altogether, allowing the land to be taxed on its maximum commercial value; another (introduced by Michael Tetu, D- Claremont) would require a hundred dollar yearly fee from all owners of land in current use who would not open their property to the public. TTie New Hampshire Plant Growers' Association is joining with such organizations as the NH Timberland Owners Association, NH Travel Council, NH Fmit Growers' Association, NH Farm Bureau Federation, NH Lodging & Restaurant Association, NH Association of Realtors, The Society for Protection of NH Forests, Audubon Society of NH, Nature Conservancy, NH Snowmobile Association, and the Business & Industry Association in supporting the passage of H.B. 1242. John Schott, a former president oi NHTOA and Chairman of the Coalition for Current Use, feels the committee set up by the bill could recommend changes in the present laws, but that "these would be only recommendations. The present current use laws should not be modified without careful delibera- tion," John says. "Current use in some form will continue to play an important role in defining the landscape around us." For more information, contact John Schott, 218 Mountain Road, Jaffrey Center, NH; telephone (603) 532- 7660. ACTIONS OF THE PESTICIDE BOARD The New Hampshire Pesticide Board is looking into the possibility of adding an amendment onto its already existing rules. This amend- ment would state clearly that the State Board can preempt local authorities. Jeff Huntington (Pleasant View Gardens), who is a member of the Board, says that even though legislation introduced in the US Congress would achieve the same goals (see "Elsewhere in the News"), this amendment would be an additional safety factor for the state of New Hampshire. Jeff feels local control would create major complications for the horticulture industry: "With local control, who'd do the testing, the enforce- ment.' What if your land were in two different towns?" The list of unanswered questions goes on. While the Pesticide Board works here in the state to prevent these genuinely plausible complications, Jeff strongly recommends that local growers send letters of support for the national bills (H.R. 3850 and S.2085) to their Congressmen. OTHER BILLS OF INTEREST Both Jeff Huntington and Bob Demers mentioned two bills in the New Hampshire House that may be of interest to NHPGA members. H.B. 1245 -FN (introduced by Rep. Roulston of Rockingham District 20) "establishes specific notice requirements for all persons applying landscape care products." The bill "regulates the handling and application of landscape care products," and "requires the commissioner of the depanment of agriculture to administer the new chapter." "The Department of Agriculture indicates this bill will increase state expenditures by $ 1 50, 1 99 in FY 1993, by $199,456 in FY 1994, and by $207, 388 in FY 1995. State revenues will increase by an indeterminable amount." And H.B. 1 146-FN, introduced by Rep. White of Grafton District 6, "requires pesticide sprayers to notify municipal officials and abutters to affected property five days before any type of pesticide spraying is to take place. The pesticide control board of the department of agriculture is required to adopt rules concerning notification and posting of property to be sprayed." "The Department of Agriculture indicates that this bill will increase state expenditures by $ 1 2 1 ,449 in FY 1993, by $148,674 in FY 1994, and by $155,067 in FY 1995." There is no impact on revenues. The hearings for these bills are being held by the House Environment and Agriculture Committee on January 15. If these bills get out of committee, NHPGA February/March 1992 7 members will be informed and asked to contact their local representatives. For information on the activities oi the Pesticide Board and the status oi these two bills, contact Jeff Huntington at (603) 435-8361. SCHOLARSHIPS AWARDED The New Hampshire Plant Association gave two $500 scholarships at its Winter Meeting on January 15. TTie winner from the TT-iompson School of Applied Science was Richard Mein oi Manchester, who wrote: "I have maintained a 3.5 or better GPA for the past two semesters and plan to graduate with an Associate's Degree in the spring of 1992.... "My main goal is to obtain a Bachelor's Degree in Plant Science. At this time, I feel I would also like to continue and earn a higher degree. After my schooling, I would like to manage my own greenhouses, nursery, and flower shop." TTie winner from the Plant Biology Department was John Breen of Dover. After several years in construction, John "came to the realization that what 1 really enjoyed doing was growing plants." Since returning to UNH, he has worked with Dr. Brent Loy on his melon and squash breeding program and with Otho Wells on row cover experiments. "Tliis has helped me determine that in the future 1 would like to spend more time developing plant breeding projects that have tangible results." "...Upon graduation 1 shall enter an internship program with Peto Seed Co.; my plans after the internship are to enroll in a masters program here at UNH and pursue a career in plant breeding, culminating in a position in the seed industry or Cooperative Extension." Congratulations to both recipients. 8 THE PlANTSMAN TIPS From the Qriffin Quru UTILIZE YOUR RECORDS Whether you use a computer or just a piece of paper and pencil, you keep records. We are told we must record everything we sell for the tax man and, for the pesticide man, every spray applied. Somewhere in those records is what I believe to be one of your most valuable assets. Your customer list. Not the list of people all over town but the list of people with whom you have actually done business. Wholesale or retail, it's the same. TTiese people came into your place to do business with you. By various means, such as drawings or sales slips, you know who they are. When you take the cost of a one-time newspaper advertisement and spend it for a simple postcard or letter to those people, it could have dramatic results. Remember, they already know who you are and where you are. Most likely, they also know how good you product is. So don't overlook the info you've already collected. Use it! A RETIREMENT... After fifteen years oi successfully operating The Greenery, a nursery/ garden center complex on Route 1 in Hampton, NH, Jerry and Claire Hochschwender have decided to retire. "They plan to spend time together and relax." The Hochschwenders' son, Tony, who worked at The Greenery along with his parents and another bro- ther, Tim, says the business has closed down and "the buildings will just sit awhile." There are no pre- sent plans for future use. Tony thanks everyone "for fifteen years ot patronage. We'll miss seeing you this spring." A BOOKLET... Pkinting Trees for Communities: Checklist for Success is now avai- lable. Written by Mary Reynolds, Forester and SBA Tree Planting Program Coordinator in New Hampshire, and Sharon Ossen- bruggen, this booklet gives basic information on the planting and care of trees. A free copy can be gotten by calling Mary at (603) 271-2214. (Mary also mentions that the deadline for 1992 SBA tree planting proposals is February 14.) ...AND SOME NATIONAL EXPOSURE Three New Hampshire firms were recently singled out for attention in national magazines. The Decem- ber, 1991, GrowerTalks discussed Jolly Farmer Nursery, East Lemp- ster, in one oi its main articles and a tip on increasing bench space from Bob Demers Sr. oi Demers Garden Center in Manchester was featured in the "Yours to Use" column of the December Green- house Manager. And in the Bonus Edition, Fall, 1991, oi Greenhc^use Grower, Henry Huntington ot Pleasant View Gardens was one oi the growers quoted in a forum on plugs. The information given in the three articles was useful and showed New Hampshire to be a sensible place. NEW BUILDING AT JOHNSON'S Even m our current economy, the horticulture industry grows. Johnson's Garden Center, 18 River Road in Suncook, recently doubled its sales area. TTie new structure is a 32x90 one-story building with grey vinyl siding and Hve garage doors in front and two in back. The building can be entered from the shop. In winter, it's used for vehicle storage and Christmas tree sales. This spring, it will be a sales area, mostly for wholesale bedding plant crops. The first plants displayed will probably be pansies ("we grow a lot of them"), then "there'll be plenty of other bedding plants after that." "We had a really good spring last year," Debbie MacDonald, the manager, explained. "We were really surprised. But that's why we decided to expand. Because the sales area has doubled, it's opened up a lot of new bench space in the greenhouses, so we'll be growing more crops." She expects another good year. For more information, contact Debbie or the owner, Diane Loso, at (603) 485-4001. PROGRAMS OF INTEREST TTie UNH Cooperative Extension is organizing two programs of interest toNHPGA members. The first, an "Advanced Bedding Plant Growers Program," is being held February 19 at the Health & Human Services Building Audi- torium, Hazen Drive, Concord, NH. Proposed topics include plant nutrition, a reconsideration of plugs, growth regulation, spring greenhouse diseases, money savers, marketing tips, and emerging technologies. Two of the talks are being proposed for pesticide applicator recertifica- tion category credit, one talk for core. For information and registration, contact Charles Williams at (603) 862-2061. The second, a Nursery Recerti- fication Program, is being held March 2 at the UNH Manchester Conference Center, 400 Commer- cial Street, Manchester, NH. Pro- posed topics include IPM and de- gree day approaches to pest control, identification and control of the most troublesome insects, chemical weed control, protective clothing, and water quality concerns. Four of the talks are being proposed for pesticide applicator recertifica- tion category credit, one for core. A registration fee will be charged. For information, contact Faye Cragin or Stan Swier at (603) 862- 1159. SHOWS, CONTD. The Second Annual New England Landscape Exposition (March 12- 13) sponsored by the NH Land- scape Association will include two split sessions of educational pro- grams (some of the talks are eligible for pesticide recertification credits in all six New England states), "over 90 exhibitions of green in- dustry services and products," and a special slide presentation on Friday afternoon providing a look at the . historic gardens of Cornish as well as some fine private gardens (the Hay Estate, the Mascots Estate; Jill Nooney's Rock Garden, etc.) not ordinarily open to the public. There is also a "Gala Exposition Cocktail Party" on Thursday night. Pre-registration is $40 for both days, $25 for one day, and $10 for the party and should be sent to Guy Hodgdon, 18 Debbie Lane, Eliot, ME 03903, before March first. For more information, call Guy at (207)439-5189. The Sixth Annual Seacoast Flower and Landscape Show (March 13- 15) has hired Rebecca Hushing of AMPS, Inc., to plan its advertising and promotion. "There will be major newspaper and television advertising and a banner across the main street in downtown Portsmouth." A poster will be designed that will also be sold as artwork suitable for framing. The Pease site ("easy access, easy parking") has been approved, a floor plan has been finalized, and a mailing has been sent to "just about everyone we can think of, inviting participation. "We're trying to reach as many peo- ple as possible," Brenda Schurre of the sponsoring Portsmouth Visiting Nursing Association says. "The economy isn't slowing us down."^ GREENHOUSE PLANTS CHRYSANTHEMUMS NURSERY STOCK POINSETTIAS BULBS/LILIES GERANIUMS PERENNIALS CYCLAMEN SEEDLINGS AZALEAS PLUGS SEEDS D.A. POSOCCO Greenhouse Plants - Nursery Stock Joseph Giannino 56 Tiiscano Avenue Revere, MA 02151 617-286-6541 (home) Fax 617-289-9412 GREENHOUSE PLANTS CHRYSANTHEMUMS NURSERY STOCK POINSETTIAS BULBS/LILIES GERANIUMS PERENNIALS CYCLAMEN SEEDLINGS AZALEAS PLUGS SEEDS D.A. POSOCCO Greenhouse Plants - Nursery Stock Steve Calautti RO. Box 2092 Middletown, CT 06457 203-346-7980 Fax 203-346-5235 February/March 1992 9 ^ee^ For twelve years. Pleasant View Gardens has built a reputation for quality, service and reliability. Our aops are healthy and hearty because they're grown in an optimum environment, and our newly expanded green house area of 4 aaes enables us to proviae greater availability and more vaneties. Contaa us today about: ■ foliage aops ■ 4" annuals and paks ■ hanging baskets ■ plugs ■ cuttings ■ herbs lleasant^eui Qcandens New England s fastest growing wholesaler' holiday aops foliage for intenor design flowering plants large foliage plants and trees all your planting needs RFD 3. Box 3701, Pittsfield, NH 03263 Tel. (603) 435-8361 .Fax (603) 435-6849 ® Pleasant View Gardens 1991 09 VISA GRIFFIN GREENHOUSE & NURSERY SUPPLIES 1 61 9 Main St, PO Box 36, Tewksbury, MA 01 876-0036 Phone 508-851-4346 Fax 508-851-0012 WE OFFER TWO SIZES: BOTH UNITS STOCKED FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT SAFETY BEGINS HERE No. 1947 Cabinet Each shelf supports 500 lbs. 45 Gal. Capacity 43^. ie*0. 65'H OTHER SIZES AVAILABLE No. 4 Stoiage BIdg. 61, 6'4'W. 6'4'H ■ Outside Dimensions 4000 lb. ■ 32 sq. ft. Storage Capacity 100 Gal Sump Capacity PROPER STORAGE FOR A SAFE WORKPLACE Secure Your Chemicals • Provide Security Reduce Exposure in Case of Fire 10 THE PlANTSMAN ELSEWHERE IN THE NEWS BUSINESS CONTINUES TO GROW Mass. Natural Fertilizer Co., locat- ed at Westminster Farms on Bean Porridge Hill in the town of West- minster, just south of the New Hampshire border, has grown to become the largest composting facility in Massachusetts. Its product is a "premium quality organic (no sewage sludge or muni- cipal waste) compost that contains a concentrated supply of organic matter and plant nutrients." The mix includes cranberry waste from the Ocean Spray production facili- ties on Cape Cod, fruit waste from VeryFine Corp. (Littleton, MA), short paper fibers from James River in Fepperell, sterilized animal bedding waste from the Charles River Breeding Laboratories, and chicken manure from Westminster Farm's 50,000 chickens. A 35 -day composting process is based on a carefully calculated reci- pe. Temperature, pH, moisture level, and oxygen content — all are monitored daily to show "exactly what's going on in each pile." Material to be bagged is trucked to New Hampshire (to Brochu's in Concord) because zoning laws in Westminster prohibit a bagging operation on the farm. From Brochu's, it's shipped to retailers. Marketed under the name "Ma- son"s Choice" (Mason owns the business), Mass. Natural's products include an enriched topsoil, a cow manure organic compost, a natural soil organic compost, and potting soil. All but the cow manure (only 40 lb. bags of that) are available in twenty and forty pound bags and by the trailer-load. The company "does about double" what it did when it began four years ago. It continues to expand. Last fall, in a pilot project, the facility was accepting leaves being collect- ed at a local landfill. The future may bring new sites and other materials. For information, contact Jon Nillson at (508) 874-0744. FIFRA AMENDMENTS INTRODUCED Legislation known as the "Federal- State Pesticide Regulation Act oi 1 99 1" was introduced in both the US House and Senate late last year. If passed, these acts would provide that no local government, regard- less of its status as a city, county, township, or district, shall be allowed to enact its own regulations concerning the use of pesticides. These bills do not prohibit a state from enacting such regulations. This act was designed to address possible problems created by the Supreme Court's decision in the Wisconsin Public Intervenor v. Mcrrna case . This decision upheld the rights oi individual communities to regulate the use of pesticides within their own borders. BEETLE VS. WHITEFLY Reprinted from Nursery Business Grower, December, i991. University of California, Davis, researchers say a predatory black beetle Delphastus pusillus sent to them by Florida scientists could prove to be an effective ally in their fight to eradicate the pesticide-re- sistant sweetpotato whitefly. This whitetly has caused an estimated $82 million in losses in the melon and leafy vegetable crops in California, Arizona, and Mexico. For the past two years. University of Florida Entomologist Dr. Lance Osborne and Dr. Kim Hoelmer, a USDA scientist located in Os- borne's Apopka laboratory, have been studying the potential of this beetle to control outbreaks of the whitefly. Growers Earl and Bryan Nelson of Apopka brought the beetle to Osborne's attention after they noticed in the summer of 1987 how the beetle controlled the whitefly in their ornamental crops. The report from California is encouraging: "the beetles are alive and reproducing at a fairly high rate. And the plants look good where the beetles were released." INTERNATIONAL GERANIUM CONFERENCE The Third International Geranium Conference will be held in the Hans Christian Anderson Confer- ence Center on August 3 1 through September 4, 1992, in Odense, Denmark. Previous Conferences were held at the University of Pennsylvania in 1982 and 1987. The Conference will include tech- nical sessions and grower sessions, industry tours and social events. A new geranium manual being pre- pared for the conference will in- clude the most up-to-date informa- tion on geraniums, ivies, and regals for growers, researchers, and students. For information, contact Gary Olsen of The Pennsylvania Flower Growers at (814) 726-3779. NEW INTRODUCTIONS Reprrintedfrom Greenhouse Manager, December, J 99 1. Two new cultivars — an alstroe- meria with extra-large blossoms and a tissue-cultured phalaenopsis orchid — have been developed by Dutch breeders. Alstroemeria 'White Swan' has white -petalled flowers that change to pink in the calyx, while the heart shows a vivid red-speckled pattern. Stem and leaves are pale green. Stems of 'White Swan' are 3-3 1/2" long; flowers measure up to 3" a- cross and — given proper pre-treat- ment — should have a vase life of at least two weeks. Phalaenopsis orchid 'Lippe' is a uni- form reddish-purple with flowers closely bunched together on the stalk. Each stalk bears 6-8 blooms; the number increases as the plants age. The use of meristemic propa- gation insures uniformity of 'Lippe' blossoms, developers say. For more: Flower Council of Hol- land, 250 W 57th St., Suite 629, New York, NY 10019; phone (212) 307-1818;fax: (212) 246-5173**- February/March 1992 U Jolly Farmer Products East Lempster, New Hampshire 03605 WHOLESALE SUPPLIERS Bark Mulch - Hemlock & Mix Bagged Mulch - Cedar & Pine Landscape Ties Cut & Split Firewood We are here to fulfill your needs.... Call Toll Free today! New Hampshire: 1-603-863-3311 New England: 1-800-537-0031 WHOLESALE GROWERS Annual & Perennial Plugs Rooted Cuttings Tuberous Begonias Bedding Plants Potted Annuals Hanging Baskets Cyclamen - Liners, Prefinished, Rnished Polnsettlas - Cuttings, Prefinished, Finished Nationwide: 1-800-695-8300 Local: 603-863-3370 "Integrity, quality and reliable service since 1967" Hardy Northern-Grown Planting Stock A Partial Listing BARE-ROOT STOCK Minimum order. S100 and 100 of one size and variety. SPECIES ACE SIZE Concolor Fir Austrian Pine Eastern white Pine Mugho Pine Pumilio Black Hills spruce Colorado Blue Spruce Norway Spruce White Spruce American Arborvitae Canadian Hemlock 2-0* 2-1 2-0 2-2 2-2* 2-2 3-0 2-0 2-2 3-0 2-2 5-0 2-0 2-2 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-0 2-2 2-0 2-2 2-2 2-0 2-2 2-0 2-3 2-2 4-6" 4-8" 6-9" 12-18" 9-15" 6-12" 9-15" 4-6" 4-8" 4-8" 6-12" 8-12" 3-6" 9-15" 12-18" 9-15" 6-12" 6-9" 12-24" 6-12" 12-18" 9-15" 6-9" 9-15" 4-8" 12-18" 9-15" 100- 250- 500 249 499 &UP .40 .28 .20 .90 .63 .45 .28 .20 .14 1.30 .91 .65 1.20 .84 .60 1.16 .81 .58 .40 .28 .20 .28 .20 .14 1.20 .34 1.00 .36 .24 1.20 1.40 1.30 1.20 .24 1.20 .24 1.16 1.10 .24 1.20 .18 1.50 1.40 .84 .24 .70 .25 .17 .84 .98 .91 .84 .17 .84 .17 .81 .77 .17 .84 .13 1.05 .98 .60 .17 .50 .18 .12 .60 .70 .65 .60 .12 .60 .12 .58 .55 .12 .60 .09 .75 .70 SPECIES CONTAINER-CROWN STOCK Minimum order. 4 travs (2 of same variety) 2-6 ACE SIZE TRAYS 8 TRAYS & UP Austrian Pine Mugho Pine Pumilio White Pine Black Hills spruce Colorado Blue spruce Norway Spruce Serbian Spruce Canadian Hemlock P2 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2 3-6" 2-4" 3-5" 6-12" 4-7" 8-14" 8-14" 4-8" .57 .57 .57 .57 .55 .57 .57 .57 .37 .37 .37 .37 .35 .37 .37 .37 These container grown seeaiings come in frays of 67 cavities each ana are ship- ped either in 2 or 4 tray Boxes Therefore, we reauest that you order an even numOer of trays There is a container deposit of S3 35 per tray which is refundaOle upon return of the containers in good condition, within 60 days, at the expense of the purchaser \j|^ESTERN ^^^ AIME NURSERIES>K M^^^M^^^M^^^^^^ ESTABLISHED 1923 ONE EVERGREEN DRIVE • P.O. BOX 250 FRYEBURC, MAINE 04057 1-800-447-4745 • FAX 1-207-935-2043 Deep-rooted quality since 1923. 12 THE PlANTSMAN GROUP INDUSTRY PROMOTION Save Money, Boost Business, & Learn From Each Other! Gail D. McWilliam Just what do producers of pro- ducts such as goat's milk cheese, strawberries, sod, pansies, maple syrup, angora fiber and pesto have in common? They are all involved in agriculturally-related businesses and they have all participated in group industry promotion projects in Sullivan County, New Hamp- shire. What began as an effort of nine businesses in 1987 has grown to more than thirty, five years later. Originally a group of fruit, vegeta- ble, and ornamental growers, the organization today includes repre- sentatives from all commodity areas, from throughout the county. Strong feelings among participants about the importance of agriculture to New Hampshire's economy and quality of life have made these group projects successful. From the start, the group's mission has been to create awareness of the scope of local agriculture, as well as to promote individual businesses and products. The participants themselves have funded the pro- jects, but they have also sought alternative funding opportunities and have been the recipients of two matching promotion grants from the New Hampshire Department of Agriculture. Joint promotion efforts have included developing a distinctive "Sullivan County Agriculture" logo to increase recognition of local agricultural products and enhance the "It's Native New Hampshire" program. A directory of partici- For more information about the Sullivan County Agricultural Promotion Project contact UNH Cooperative Extension, Sullivan County, 24 Main St., Newport, NH 03773; telephone: 863-9200. paring businesses has been printed and updated every year and dis- tributed by the producers through information outlets in their commu- nities and at their businesses. The logo has also been incorporated into a label for use in product packaging, posters, etc. Last summer was probably the bus- iest yet as far as the variety of pro- motion activities that the group has undertaken. To expand their pro- motion opportunities, the group cooperated with two regional tour- ism/business associations. This led to increased distribution oi the agri- culture business directory and invi- tations to participate in regional community events. Because of these connections, the group established an informational booth at an out- door concert series in the town of Newport. Each Sunday evening during the summer, concert-goers were treated to such delights as col- orful flower baskets, strawberry shortcake, maple milkshakes, fresh blueberries and tangy goat's milk cheese. There was also opportunity to meet rabbits, goats, sheep and pigs face to face. The concert program was such a success that the group decided to take the booth to the Cornish Fair. An exhibit featuring a variety of local agricultural products served as backdrop to special action demon- strations provided by producers during the three day fair. Finally, last summer, a special advertising series was arranged in a local area feature magazine. Because of group purchasing, advertising was made available to group members for just $10 per ad. How much does it cost to partici- pate in these group efforts.' Costs vary depending on the project and number of participants, but last year each business paid a minimum of $25 and a maximum of $45. A fairly small expense considering one business could quickly spend several hundred dollars to do the same things on its own. There are other benefits to partici- pation in addition to effective in- dustry promotion and saving mon- ey. Agri-business operators have gotten to know each other. Many now share supplies and equipment, and even ideas. As one group member said, "We learn from each other and we can improve our own business and our industry". Gail D. McWilliam is Extension Educator, Agricultural Resources, for SxMvan County Extension.^ February/March 1992 13 Newton Greenhouse 32 Amesbury Road, Newton, MH 03858 603-382-5289 Quality Plants green and flowering from 2 L'2" to 10" pots Holiday, bedding plants, &. dish gardens year round cut snaps, pot mums, Gloxinias and African violets Licensed propagator of Mikkelsen & Ecke New Guinea Impatiens MRCH/VIONF IRRIGATION / SNOWMA JNG in Manchester, NH Providing all your irrigation needs. Design Services also available. \ -• --^t 1 80 Zachary Rd. Unit »3 Manchester, N.H. 03101 ^'fniihnfjJr)//, 1603) 622-8825 ^svvv\\\\\\\V^WIl/ff///^^^ 1-800-558-9888 IN NH ONLY NORTHERN NURSERIES WHOLESALE HORTICULTURAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS U.S. Route 5, WTiitc River Junction, \T 05001 16 Pinkham Road West, Barrington, Nh 03825 SERVING THE PROFESSIONAL WITH ABOVE GROUND PLANT MATERIAL Distributors in the followine; lines: • Lofts Seeds • DeWitt Weed Barrier • Corona Hand Tools • Earthway Spreaders • Birchmeier Sprayers • Lebanon Turt Fertilizers • Mulch & Grow Hysroseeding Fiber • Nurser\' &; Landscape Supplies Contact: Jim Babb, Mgr., White River Junction, VT, (802) 295-2117 Bob Averell, Mgr., Barrington, NH, (603) 868-7172 GOOD SERVICE • DEPENDABLE QUALITY • CONVENIENT LOCATION 14 THE PlANTSMAN PLAN FOR THE DISPOSAL OF YOUR BUSINESS Michael E. Bamea f allure to develop an adequate plan tor the disposition of a business interest at the death of its owner may result in a forced sale of the interest, be it a proprietorship, partnership, or a substantial stock ownership in a closely held corporation. A buy-sell agreement is often the only way to arrange for the disposition of an owner's business interest in a fair and equitable manner. Buy-sell agreements are directed toward the continuance of the business interest after the death of one or more of the owners The existence of a buy-sell arrangement is designed to eliminate the problems which may arise if the surviving owners are forced to become business associates of the decedent's family. Not only may there be personality conflicts, but inexperience and differing financial needs are the seeds which may cause the financial ruin of a once- profitable business venture. A business that does not have a buy-sell agreement may be compared to an individual who does not have a will. In each case, the lack of planning does not mean that important decision will not ultimately be made. For example, a person who dies without a will transmits property according to a definite plan. However, that individual's property passes according to a "plan specified in the state law ot intestacy" rather than according to the direction of the decedent. Similarly, without a buy-sell agreement, the sale of a decedent's business interest may be made, although the results of those decisions may not be what the business owner would have selected (nor might they be what the owner's family members or partners have selected). Estate liquidity will be a paramount concern for the decedent's family. Every business owner will want to assure the family of a fair and reasonable price for the business — not the liquidation price that may result from a forced sale. Finally, few people want their family's future totally dependent upon the fortunes of a business venture which they no longer manage. A properly drafted buy-sell agreement should accomplish the following: ♦ Give advance determination of the business's value for federal estate tax purposes; ♦ Assure that any future growth in the value of the business accrues to the benefit of those responsible for the gain; ♦ Provide the surviving business associate with the cash with which to purchase the business interest of the deceased.; ♦ Assure a fair and adequate price; ♦ Divorce the family fortunes from that of the business; ♦ Transform all illiquid assets into a liquid income producing fund; ♦ Provide that ownership of S corporation stock, if applicable, will continued by an eligible shareholder. Countless business owners have taken the foresighted step of establishing some type of buy-sell agreement. Too often, however, adequate plans have not been made to assure that the first objective listed above will, in fact, be accomplished at an owner's death, whenever that might occur. One can, of course, never know exactly when death will occur. It is a fact, though, that when a business ODDS OF AT LEAST ONE DEATH BEFORE AGE 65 Expressed as number of chances out of 100 One Owner Age Chances TwoO Ages wners Chances Three Owners Ages Chances 35 22.8% 30-30 41.5% 30-30-30 55.2% 40 21.8% 35-35 40.4% 35-35-35 53.9% 45 20.4% 40-40 38.9% 40-40-40 52.2% 50 18.3% 45-45 36.7% 45-45-45 49.6% 50-50 33.2% 50-50-50 45.4% 30-35 40.9% 30-35-40 53.8% 35-40 39.6% 35-40-45 52.0% 40-45 37.8% 40-45-50 49.2% 45-50 34.9% (Based on 1980 Male CSO Mortality Tables) February/March 1992 15 has more than one owner, the chances ot one of the owners dying before retirement is really quite stanlingi At age 35, tor example, the risk of death tor a single busi- ness owner is approximately 22 out o\ 100 in the following 30 years. It there are two owners, each 35, the risk ot death for one rises to 40 out of 100. With three such individ- uals, risk jumps to 53 out ot 100 in the next 30 years. The chart vivid- ly demonstrates the odds ot a busi- ness owner's death occuring before age 65. Because the risk of death among business owners is so great, the use of a sinking fund would not be a satisfactory arrangement should death occur too early. Additionally, a sinking fund could result in severe cash flow problems if the fund is intended to fully fund the buy-sell agreement. For this reason, life insurance is universally recognized as the best and only type of funding vehicle available. Another aspect ot ciosely-held business planning that should be considered is the fact that many business owners expect to remain active in their enterprises to some degree until well past a "normal" retirement age, such as 65 (or 62). Some owners plan to ""die with their boots on" because they are not comfortable with the prospect ot retirement. While the risk of death before age 65 is a statistical possibility, as shown below, the risk ot those who intend to remain active beyond age 65 increases. In that case, the numbers shown below must be supplemented. Michael Barnea hecuk up the new life and financial services department ofWageman Insurance. Inc., of Manchester, NH. For more information, contact Mike at 1-800-439-2451.^ The Plantsman offers free classified advertising as a member service for one or two issues. (no artwork or logos) Please mail your classified to Robert Parker, Editor UNH Research Greenhouses Durham, NH 03824. AV^^S You Tc o n ^> B,E. SUPPLY GREENHOUSE SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT Hemlock Rd. - Langdon Mailing Address: P.O. Box O Charlestown, New Hampshire 03603 •prc'filled flats & pots •restricted pesticides •fertilizers •distributors for Plasti Form & Plasti Vac •distributors for Hyde Park & Sunshine Soils •Kord products •JMM greenhouse 603-835-6930 16 THE Plantsman CAVICCHIO GREENHOUSES Wholesale Growers no Codjer Lane Sudbury, MA 01 776 (508)443-7177 ANNUALS PERENNIALS HARDY MUMS GROUND COVER KALE & CABBAGE FALL PANSIES JUMBO ANNUALS HOLIDAY PLANTS CLASSIC PERENNIALS HARDY FALL ANNUALS FLOWERING HANGING BASKETS t ^a :J0^ 2r 5 t Company !r\corpcrate PUMPS ROUTE 116, P.O. BOX 540 CONWAY, MA 01341 413-369-4335 For Friendly, Courteous, Efficent, Technical Service CALL US AT 1-800-634-5557 FOR INFORMATION AND CATALOGS HOSE ■ TANKS ■ REELS ■ MOWERS ■ SAFETY EQUIPMENT Laughlon's Ciarden Center Inc. Cat Lau^hlon, Florist NURSERY STOCK • ANNUALS dm^e'^olygreen nur-sery sai.hs PERENNIALS FERTILIZERS • INSECTICIDES Distributors of Sentinel Foam Overwinter Blankets WHOLESALE AND RETAIL NURSERY=/XT LAUGHTONS Tel. 1-800-633-0159 155-165 Princeton Blvd. No. Chelmsford, MA 01863 February/March 1992 27 WORTH REPEATING PRUNE THAT SHRUB CORRECTLY Without Knowing What It Is... Chuck Buffett r\n easy to use system of simple ob- servations for deciduous and ever- green shrubs exists that help deter- mine how to prune the shrub without identifying the plant. With so many species and varieties of shrubs that are possible to grow, the subject of prunmg them correctly is a mystery to most, says Ray Maleike, extension horticul-turist with Washington State Uni- versity, Puyallup, Washington. Shrubs can be placed in just three simple categories, he adds. Horticultural Principles Maleike began by briefly explaining several important horticultural prin- ciples related to this pruning system. 'Simply, a plant goes through alter- nate seasons of growth and dorman- cy," he explains. In spring, when conditions are right, the plant begins growing until something shuts it off, lack of water, for example, or short day length. Once the plant starts slowing down and sets its terminal buds, this generally means the plant will not grow any more that season and will enter physiological dormancy. The plant IS released from this dormant state when a certain number of chill- ing hours have been met during the winter. Once the chilling require- ment IS met, this signals the plant that growth can take place again once the right growing conditions occur. When pruning a plant, understand- ing the principle ot apical dominance is most important, Maleike says. As plant stems grow, the growing tips synthesize hormones, which inhibit lateral (side) buds from growing. These inhibited buds are called latent buds and will begin to grow if the terminal growing tip is removed. The actively growing buds arc usually large enough to be visible and almost always found in leaf axils (the area where the leaf meets the stem), Maleike says. Buds can be either simple, flower or vegetative; or mixed buds can con- 28 THE Plantsman tain both flower and vegetative parts. For example, Ccrrybpsis spicata (Spiked Winterhazel) blooms very early on simple flower buds. Leaves emerge later from simple vegetative buds. On Philadelphus species (Mock Orange) the leaves and the flowers emerge from a mixed bud. Maleike observes that most decid- uous shrubs fall into two categories. Shrubs that bloom on the lateral portions of the branches and those that bloom at the terminal ends of branches. Spiraea thunber^i and Forsythia spe- cies bloom on the lateral portions of the stem from simple buds, and Ribes sanguineum (Red Flowering Current) and Mock Orange also bloom all along the branch from a mixed bud. Syringa species (Lilac) and deciduous magnolias bloom on terminal ends of branches from simple buds. Clethra alnifolia (Sweet Pepperbrush) also blooms on the terminal ends of stems but from a mLxed bud. Pruning Lateral Branches One reason for planting deciduous shrubs, Maleike says, is for their flowers or ornamental fruit. .Prune for maximum flowering. The rest of the year the shrub doesn't look very attractive. For lateral blooming shrubs such as Forsythia, encourage as much new stem growth from the base ot the plant as possible. The first year for stems for lateral blooming shrubs is vegetative with flower buds setting up late in the growing season for next year's floral display. The flower buds in the middle region of the stem will usually be the largest. This middle region of the year old stem will produce the flowers in spring. It is important to note that after this stem's flowering no more flower buds will be produced on that stem. After flowermg in spring the stem grows by producing new but shorter stems from lateral vegetative buds. These lateral stems will have flowers on them next year. As the original stem gets older, shorter flowermg stems are produced each year, reducing the overall flowering performance ot the shrub. Each year, Maleike suggests, prune out one or more of the older branch- es at the base of the shrub just after it blooms to encourage maximum long lateral stems. This will increase the flowering potential ot the shrub. A big mistake often made with lateral blooming shrubs that are too tall is to shear off the top branches. This will cause latent buds to break creating greater twigginess and less flowering. If the shrub is sheared late in the growing season, the new growth may not produce many flower buds. Additionally, there will be less light penetration and probably more disease, insect and other pathological problems, .Maleike says. Pruning Terminal Branches For shrubs that bloom on the termi- nal ends of branches, such as Mag- nolias, the biggest buds will be on the terminal tips. Pruning is done to maximize these terminal tips ot the shrub For some plants shearing will be the quickest way to encourage branching and more terminal buds for flowers next year. For single unbranched new stems on shrubs, cut back to desired height to force latent buds to grow creating more stems and terminal flower buds. The approach to pruning broadleaf evergreen shrubs is exactly the same for deciduous shrubs, Maleike explains. Leucothoe is an evergreen shrub that blooms on the lateral portions of the branch. Prune out the older branches to encourage newer growth for better flowering. Rhododendrons and azaleas are examples of evergreen shrubs that bloom on terminal tips. Evergreen shrubs with leaves two to three inches or less in size can be sheared continued on back cover \^terSprmg Summer or FsdL Northeast Nurseiys Qne8top Shopping Covers it AD. It doesn't make a difference what the time of year, or the size of the project. Northeast Nursery has supphes and materials for all your needs. Northeast Nursery has the widest selection in wholesale plant materials and landscape supplies in all of New England. We direct ship throughout all of New England and offer many other services. Stop by today and see why many consider us the best in supplying the landscape and green industries with quality products and services. We're Northeast Nursery, your one-stop nursery for all your shopping needs. ^;>Northeast Nursery, Inc. Supplying Fine Plant Material & Landscape Supplies 234 Newbury Street, Rt. 1 South Peabody, MA 01960 (508) 535-6550 Fax (508) 535-5247 I TAMARACK. II EASTERN WHITE PINE. III EASTERN HEMLOCK. IV RED SPRUCE. V BLACK SPRUCE. VI BALSAM FIR. VII WHITE SPRUCE. VIII NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR. IX EASTERN RED CEDAR. X PITCH PINE. XI JACK PINE. XII RED PINE. PRUNE THAT SHRUB CORRECTLY continued from page 28 Maleike says. Shrubs with larger leaves should be pruned. Rhododendrons can by pruned back safely to a whorl of leaves or where there used to be a whorl of leaves. There are still latent buds that can be encouraged to grow. Removing dead flowers may cause more branching. For the best flowering potential for Pieris species, the forming fruit needs to be removed. This shrub blooms on terminal ends. Shear the shrub after it has bloomed to encourage new growth. If the fruit is left on, this will discourage new shoot growth possibly setting up alternate years of blooming. The third category of shrubs are those that set flower buds the same season they are growing. These shrubs should be cut to the ground before spring growth starts. They will flower while the new shoots grow. Examples of these shrubs are Buddleia davidii (Butterfly Bush), Spiraea budmalda and Hydrangea paniculata (Peegee Hydrangea). Pruning Suggestions Maleike gives some general pruning suggestions. When beginning prun- ing any shrub, remove dead, disesed and damaged branches. Also remove rubbing, wrongly placed or strangely growing branches. Do not prune too late in the growing season. If a shrub is pruned just before terminal buds are set up then lateral buds will be encouraged to grow. New growth might freeze in a cold winter. Pruning late in the season removes flower buds for next year. Prune just after flowermg of the shrub. Pruning is an art and a science, Maleike says. Understanding a few important horticultural principles and learning to identify flower bud formations, successful pruning of many shrubs can be achieved. Reprinted from The Digger, hlovember 1 99 1 1992 ASSOCIATION OFFICERS President Bob Demers, Jr. Demers Nursery & Garden Center 656 South Mammoth Road Manchester, NH 03103 625-8298 Secretairy I Treasurer Christopher Robarge UNH/TSAS Horticultural Facilities Manager Durham, NH 03824 862-1074 Directors Andrea Capron Box 2217 WoIfeboro.NH 03894 569-5978 (H); 569-5056 (W) Peter Corey Village Green Florist & Greenhouse 17 Cottage Street Littleton, NH 03561 444-2201 Bruce Holmes PC Box 75 Center Tuftonboro, N H 038 1 6 569-2127 Henry Huntington Pleasant View Gardens RFD*3,PO Box 3701 Pittsfield.NH 03263 1-800-439-2337 Peter Van Berkum 4 James Road DeerHeld.NH 03037 463-7663 Roger Warren Box 318 Meriden.NH 03770 469-3226 (H); 448-61 10 (W) Richard Zoerb Gloeckner & Company, Inc. 72 Hawkstead Hollow Nashua, NH 03063 886-8665 NH PLANT GROWERS ASSOCIATION THE PLANTSMAN EDITOR UNH RESEARCH GREENHOUSES DURHAM, NH 03824 NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION US POSTAGE PAID PERMIT NO. 43