LO

REPORT

OF THE

CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION

1913-18

VOLUME IX:
ANNELIDS, PARASITIC WORMS, PROTOZOANS, ETC.

PART M: FORAMINIFERA

By JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN

SOUTHERN PARTY, 1913-16

OTTAWA

J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE

PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1920

Issued February 6, 1920

The Foraminifera of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18.

By JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN.
(With one plate.)

The bottom samples collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition by Mr.
Frits Johansen were sent to me for examination and report. The area covered
by the material is an interesting one, from which practically no records of
foraminifera are available. The actual amount of material sent me was very
small indeed, but careful searching has given a number of species. Most of
these are of service in checking the work of Awerinzew on the Siberian Arctic,
and of Kiaer on the American and European Arctic. In this way it rounds out
the circumpolar distribution of certain species, such as Hyperammina subnodosar
which was not found by Kiaer in the American Arctic, but which is abundant
north of Siberia. The Canadian Arctic material has this species as its most
abundant form.

The whole assemblage seems to call renewed attention to the fact that many
species of foraminifera are limited in their distribution to conditions of tempe-
rature, especially certain species, such as Polystomella arctica, are limited to the
circumpolar area, with certain localized extensions southward. Others, while
abundant in the Arctic, are now found in the Antarctic, and in the deep eold
waters of the ocean basins between, a distribution known from other invertebrate
groups as well.

Other species apparently of world-wide distribution have wide differences
in different areas and, when a considerable series is available for study, it will
probably be found that several distinct species or varieties have been included
under one name. The tendency has been too much to ignore the various
differences developed, and to place under one name different things from widely
separated areas. Again, there has been a tendency to broaden the original
characters of a species until it may now take in a wide range of forms, the real
relations of which are obscured by such a method. Where a species is repre-
sented by abundant specimens, the striking thing is always the great uniformity
rather than the wide variation which might be expected, but which does not
occur. Most of the variablity can be directly traced to different stages in the
life-history, either developmental characters, or to the alternation of generations
where both microspheric and melagospheric forms occur. With these taken
into consideration, the amount of variation will usually be found to be sur-
prisingly small.

If real progress is to be made in solving the distributional problems of our
foraminiferal fauna, a close study must be made of differences wherever they
occur. Such a study will undoubtedly lead to a greater refinement in systematic
work on the group.

STATIONS FROM WHICH MATERIAL WAS EXAMINED WITH SPECIES OF FORAMINI-
FERA AT EACH STATION.

13Z. Bering Sea, Alaska. 54° 24' N.; 160° 55' W.; 57 fathoms. July 1,
1913. A small amount of rounded sand grains, no foraminifera.

IQd. Bering Sea, Alaska. 59° 17' N.; 165° 39' W.; 13 fathoms. July 5,
1913. A small amount of rounded sand grains, no foraminifera.

16/. Bering Sea, Alaska. 59° 34' N.; 167° 48' W.; 13 fathoms. July 5,
1913. A small amount of fine rounded sand grains, no foraminifera.

160. Same station as preceding, no foraminifera.

20 b-c. Grantley harbour (Port Clarence), Alaska; 2-3 fathoms. July 30^

48357— U

4 M The Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18.

1913. Sandy mud, with algae. Numerous small foraminifera.

Tholosina vesicularis, Ammobaculites cassis, Trochammina squamata, Vcr-

neuilina polystropha, Bulimina pyrula, Polystomella striato-punctata.
200. Port Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms. August 4, 1913. Sandy mud,
with algae. No foraminifera.

22. 69° 35' N.; 163° 27' W.; 11-12 fathoms. Rocks and sand, with algsa.
August 17, 1913.

Quinqueloculina subrotunda, Truncatulina lobatula.

23. Northwestern coast of Alaska; 9-10 fathoms; 70° 24' N.; 161° 25' W.
August 19, 1913. Mud and pebbles, with a slight amount of fine mud. Few
foraminifera.

Haplophragmoides canariensis, Nonionina depressula, Quinqueloculina

subrotunda.

27s. Collinson point, Alaska; 3 fathoms. October 3, 1913. Sandy mud,
with pebbles and algae.

Trochammina nana, Bulimina pyrula, Polystomella striato-punctata, Cornu-

spira foliacea.
29a. Off Martin point, Alaska; 15 fathoms; about 70° 9' N. March 24,

1914. Sandy mud.

Bulimina pyrula, Cassidulina crassa, Cassidulina laevigata, Lagena laevigata,
Truncatulina pygmcea, Polystomella striato-punctata.

29c. A little north of 29a; 16 fathoms. March 25, 1914. Sandy mud.
No foraminifera.

29e. West of Herschel island; about 25 fathoms. About 70° 3' N.; 141° W.
April 2, 1914. Sandy mud, with stones.

Truncatulina lobatula.

290. West of Herschel island; 150 fathoms. About 70° 20' N.; 140° 30;
W. April 6, 1914. One haul, vertical plankton net, No. 5. A few very small
foraminifera.

Trochammina nana, Spiroplecta biformis, Cornuspir a foliacea, Quinqueloculina
seminulum.

29J. Beaufort sea, Alaska. April 14, 1914. About 20 miles off Inter-
national Boundary (between Alaska and Yukon Territory). Mud from a dirty
ice-cake in pack ice. Waterdepth at collecting-place about 15 fathoms.

Cassidulina crassa, Nodosaria aequalis, Polymorphina lanceolata, Poly-
stomella arctica, P. subnodosa, Cornuspira foliacea.

41. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; 3-5 fathoms, July 20, 1915.
Sandy mud. One large specimen of Cornuspira foliacea. No other Foramini-
fera.

41c. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; about 5 fathoms. July 28,

1915. Gray mud. A few large Cornuspira foliacea. No other Foraminifera.
43a. Dolphin and Union strait (off Cockburn point). About 100 meters.

September 13, 1915. Gray mud, with pebbles.

Hyperammina subnodosa, Tholosina bulla, Haplophragmoides canariensis,
Nonionina stelligera, Polystomella arctica, Truncatulina lobatula.

436. Dolphin and Union strait (off Stapylton bay). About 60 meters.
September 14, 1915. Gray mud, with pebbles.

Hyperammina subnodosa, Tholosina bulla, Cassidulina crassa, Truncatulina
lobatula.

43c. Dolphin and Union strait (west of Cockburn point). 20-30 meters.
September 14, 1915. Gray mud, with stones.

Trochammina squamata, Verneuilina polystropha, Nonionina depressula,
Nonionina stelligera.

430. Outer harbour, between Chantry island and mainland, Bernard
harbour, Northwest Territories; 60-70 feet. End of October, 1915. Fine
sandy mud.

Textularia gramen (?).

Foraminifera 5 M

SPECIES OF FORAMINIFERA OBTAINED BY THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION.

Hyperammina subnodosa H/B. Brady.
(See Plate I, figures 1, 2.)

Rhabdopleura species, G. M. Dawson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 7, 1871,

p. 86 fig. 7.
Hyperammina subnodosa H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,

1884, p. 259, pi. 23, figs. 11-14.— Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.

Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 12. — Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S.

Nat. Mus., pt. 1, 1918, p. 76, pi. 29, figs. 7, 8.

Specimens are abundant from station 43a, and occur at 436. The largest
specimen measures 22 mm. in length, which seems to be a record for the species.
The proloculum is well marked, usually slightly greater in diameter than the
remainder of the test. The constrictions are well marked and numerous. The
wall is composed of rather fine sand grains of nearly uniform size light reddish
brown in colour, the apertural end much constricted in perfect specimens, the
aperture itself a small, simple, irregularly rounded opening. The tubes usually
have specimens of Tholosina bulla attached to the exterior.

The finding of this species in abundance is especially interesting, as it is one
of the species not found by Kiaer in the material collected by the Fram in the
second Norwegian Expedition, in the region to the north of that in which the
Canadian Arctic Expedition material was collected. Awerinzew in his work
has considered H. subnodosa as one of the most characteristic species of the
Arctic. Along the Arctic coast of Siberia it is one of the commonest species.
Schlumberger recorded it from the cold water of the Okhotsk sea, and I have
had it from the same locality. Brady in the Challenger report mentions that
some of the finest specimens he had were from the coast of Greenland. In the
Atlantic I have found the species very abundant in very cold water, with bottom
temperatures below the freezing point, north of the Grand Banks of Newfound-
land. Pearcey records it from the Antarctic, and it is known from deep cold
waters in various parts of the ocean basins.

Tholosina bulla (H. B. Brady.)

(Plate I, figures 1, 2.)

Placopsilina bulla H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci., vol. 21, 1881, p. 51:
Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 315, pi. 35, figs. 16, 17.

Tholosina bulla Rhumbler, Nachr. Konigl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, 1895, p. 82. —
Kiaer, Norske Nordhavs Expedition, No. 25, 1899, p. 4. — Cushman,
Bull. 104, U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 1, 1918, p. 63, pi. 25, fig. 6.

Specimens are numerous at stations 43a and 436 attached to the outside
of the tubes of Hyperammina subnodosa, sometimes six or more being attached
to a single tube. The walls of T. bulla are made up of much finer material than
the tubes to which they are attached, showing a definite selective power of the
organism, usually of whitish grains, in decided contrast to the darker red colour
of the Hyperammina tubes. Near the edge are numerous acerose sponge spi-
cules. On the outside, especially near the top, are larger fragments of pebbles
or other foraminifera tests. These occur especially on the outside of the largest
specimens. In general, the longest diameter is in the direction of the long axis
of the tube to which it is attached. The wall is fairly thick, and of nearly
uniform texture, except for the points noted. A thin film of light-coloured
material covers the attachment, as a floor to the chamber.

6 M The Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1918-18.

From the records, this species is very widely distributed, but is characterist ic
of cold waters. The Arctic specimens do not have the same shape as those
from the Pacific coast of America, for instance, and it may be that more than
one species has been included by various writers under this specific name.

Tholosina vesicularis (H. B. Brady.)

Placopsilina vesicularis H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci. vol. 19, 1879,
p. 51, pi. 5, fig. 2, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 316,
pi. 35, figs. 18, 19. — Heron-Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. vol.
31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 47.

Tholosina vesicularis Rhumbler, Arch. Prot., vol. 3, 1903, p. 227, fig. 53 (in text).
Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3,
1911, p. 8.— Cushman, Bull. 104, U.S. Nat. Mus. pt. 1, 1918, p. 65.

A single incomplete specimen attached to a fragment of worm tube was
obtained from station 20 b-c. It has the characteristic mosaic appearance on
the exterior, due to the rather evenly distributed dark and light sand grains
and the still lighter cement, the surfaces evenly placed so that the whole exterior
is comparatively smooth.

T. vesicularis is a characteristic species of northern latitudes and cold waters.
Awerinzew records it from 35-42 meters in the Siberian Arctic, and Kiaer from
the Arctic, near King Oscar's land and Greenland. I have found it abundant
in the cold water off the New England coast, and it is common in cold waters of
the Shetland-Faroe channel, according to Heron-Allen and Earland.

Ammobaculites cassis (Parker.)
(Plate I, figure 3.)

Lituola cassis Parker, in Dawson, Canad. Nat., vol. 5, 1870, pp. 117, 180, fig. 3.
Haplophragmium cassis B. H. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,

1884, p. 304, pi. 33, figs. 17-19.— Goes, Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl.,

vol. 25, No. 9, 1894, p. 24, pi. 5, figs. 152-157.— Flint, Ann. Rep. U.S. Nat.

Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 275, pi. 19, fig. 4.— Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci.

St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 20.

A rather broad form of this species occurred at station 20 b-c. The material
of the test is made up of rather coarse quartz grains, smoothly cemented with a
reddish brown cement, making a neat and even surface. Occasional sponge
spicules are included in the test.

The species seems to be characteristic of cold shallow water of Arctic and
subarctic regions. It was described by Parker from Gaspe bay, at the mouth
of the St. Lawrence, in 16 fathoms. Brady records it from Lievely harbour,
Disko, Greenland, in 5-20 fathoms, and from Deva bay, Spitzbergen, in 7 fathoms.
Flint records it from Portland, Maine, in 4-5 fathoms. Kiaer records it off
Nova Zembla, at a depth of 15 fathoms, and Awerinzew from the Siberian
Arctic, north of the New Siberian islands, at a depth of 38 meters.

Haplophragmoides canariensis d'Orbigny.

Specimens referred to this species were obtained at stations 23 and 43a.
They are not typical. So many forms have been included under this name that
the original characters, described by d'Orbigny, have nearly been lost sight of,
and the name has come to stand for a varied assemblage of things. Under this
name Awerinzew records specimens from several Siberian Arctic localities, but
gives no figures or description. Further research may show that there is a
characteristic Arctic species, which has been included under this name.

Fornminifera 1 M

Trochamtnina nana (H. B. Brady.)
(Plate I, figure 4.)

Haplophragmium nanum H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci. vol. 21, 1881,
p. 50, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 311, pi. 35, figs. 6-8.—
Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3,
1911, p. 21.

Trochammina nana Cushman, Bull. 71, U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 1, 1910, p. 123,
figs. 190-192.— Pearcey, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, 1914, p. 1010.

Several very typical specimens were obtained at Station 290. These have
a reddish brown cement, giving colour to all but the last-formed chamber,
which is in all cases lighter in colour than the rest, often nearly white.

From the records this species seems to be characteristic of cold waters.
Brady gives the most characteristic material from off Franz Josef land, very
abundant at depths of 89-145 fathoms. He also records it from Nova Zembla,
55-219 fathoms. Kiaer records it from the American Arctic, and Awerinzew
from several stations in the Siberian Arctic. Pearcey records it from the Ant-
arctic, and from Stanley harbour, Falkland islands, in 25 fathoms. There are
numerous records of its occurrence in deep cold waters of the various ocean
basins.

Trochammina squamata Jones and Parker.

Trochammina squamata Jones and Parker, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 16,
1860, p. 304.— W. B. Carpenter, Parker and Jones, Intr. Foram., 1862,
p. 141, pi. 11, fig. 1. — H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
1884, p. 337, pi. 41, figs. 3 o-c.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 1,
1910, p. 120, fig. 187a, 6.— Heron- Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish
Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 50, pi. 3, figs. 7-10.

Several specimens from station 20 b-c, with occasional spicules in addition
to the sand grains, yellowish brown in colour, the underside with the last-formed
chamber, large and scale-like, covering nearly one-third the area of the whole
base.

From station 43c there is a single specimen, somewhat thicker but generally
similar.

Here again it is possible that more than one species have been included
under one name by various writers. The species is not a characteristic Arctic
one.

Spiroplecta biformis (Parker and Jones.)

Textularia agglutinans, var. biformis Parker and Jones, Phil. Trans., vol. 155,

1865, p. 370, pi. 15, figs. 23, 24.
Textularia biformis H. B. Brady, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 1, 1878,

p. 436, pi. 20, fig. 8.
Spiroplecta biformis H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884,

p. 376, pi. 45, figs. 25-27.— Goes, Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol.

25, No. 9, 1894, p. 38, pi. 7, figs. 308-312.— Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp.

Sci., St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, l&ll, p. 17. — Heron-Allen and

Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 56.— Pearcey,

Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, 1914, p. 1012.

A single specimen from station 290 with the initial end broken, but the
characteristic marks so clearly in evidence that there is no question of its identity.
This is a characteristic Arctic and cold-water species. Brady records it from
Franz-Josef land, 113-145 fathoms; west coast of Nova Zembla, 55-70 fathoms;

8 M The Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18.

Baffin bay and Smith sound, 27-80 fathoms, and Hunde islands, Davis strait,
60-70 fathoms. Goes records it from various Scandinavian and Arctic localities,
including Spitzbergen. Heron-Allen and Earland record it from the coast of
Ireland, and Pearcey from the Antarctic, in 2,110 fathoms. There are very few
other records of its occurrence in the cold deep waters of the ocean basins.
Awerinzew records it from Barents sea and Nordenskiold sea, north of Siberia.
The species is therefore characteristic of such cold waters as those of the Arctic
and deeper waters elsewhere.

Textularia gramen d'Orbigny.

Two poor specimens of small size, but resembling this species, were obtained
at station 43gr. They are made of very soft, light-coloured amorphous material.

Verneuilina polys tropha Reuss.
(Plate I, figure 5.)

A very few specimens were obtained which are referred to this species.
From station 20 b-c. They are very slender, many-chambered, in some ways
resembling Gaudryina apicularis Cushman (G. siphonella Brady, not Reuss),
but are triserial throughout like Verneuilina. From station 43c there is a single
specimen in general similar but slightly broader. They may represent an
undescribed species, but the material is not sufficient to warrant a full description
at present.

In this connection it is of interest to note that Brady gives V. polystropha
as occurring as far north as Nova Zembla, Baffin bay, and Davis strait.

Bulimina pyrula d'Orbigny.

Bulimina pyrula d'Orbigny, For. Foss. Vienne, 1846, p. 184, pi. 11, figs. 9, 10.—
H. B. Brady, Rep/Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 399, pi. 50,
figs. 7-10.

A very few specimens from stations 206-c, 27s, and 29a, seem to belong to
this species. It has been found as far north as 70° off Norway, but is not a
characteristic cold-water form.

Cassidulina laevigata d'Orbigny.

Cassidulina laevigata d'Orbignv, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 282, pi. 15,
figs. 5, 4.— H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p.
428, pi. 54, figs. 1-3.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1911,
p. 96, fig. 150, in text. — Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersburg,
ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 18.

Specimens occurred at stations 29a and 436. Although a very widely
distributed species, as is also the following, they are both found in a large number
of soundings from high latitudes both north and south. Both species occur in
Brady's table of species from high latitudes, and occur at nearly all the stations
tabulated there. Awerinzew found both species in material from the Siberian
Arctic, C. crassa being perhaps the more characteristic.

Cassidulina crassa d'Orbigny.

Cassidulina crassa d'Orbigny, Foram. Amer. Merid., 1839, p. 56, pi. 7, figs.
18-20.— H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 429,
pi. 54, figs. 4, 5.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1911, p. 97,
figs. 151a-c. Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersburg, ser. 8,
vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 18.

Fora mi nifera 9 M

Specimens were obtained from station 29a and were frequent in station 29j.
Brady mentions its occurrence as far north as 83° 19' and the shores of Franz
Josef land and Spitzbergen.

Lagena laevigata Reuss.

Fissurina laevigata Reuss, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 1, 1899, p. 366,

pi. 46, fig. 1.
Lagena laevigata Terrigi, Atti. Accad. Pont. Nuovi Lincei, vol. 33, 1880, p. 177,

pi. 1, fig. 6.— H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884,

p. 473, pi. 114, figs. 80, &.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3,

1913, p. 7, pi. 2, fig. 1.

A single specimen slightly compressed, and somewhat longer than broad,
was found in the material from station 29a. It is a species usually found in deep
and cold waters.

Nodosaria aequalis (Reuss.)

Glandulina aequalis Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 48, 1863, p. 48, pi. 3,

fig. 28. '
Nodosaria aequalis H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884,

p. 492, pi. 61, fig. 32.

A few specimens from station 29j. Awerinzew records N. calomorpha
Reuss from the Siberian Arctic and possibly the two may be the same, although
these specimens are too large and too thick set for the ordinary form usually
assigned to this species.

Polymorphina lanceolata Reuss.

Polymorphina lanceolata Reuss, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., vol. 3, 1851, p.
83, pi. 6, fig. 50— H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
1884, p. 564, pi. 72, figs. 5, 6.

A few specimens from station 29j in various stages of development, only
one of them fully adult. Awerinzew records P. acuta Reuss from the Siberian
Arctic.

Truncatulina pygmaea Hantken.

Truncatulina pygmea Hautken, Mitth. Jahrb. Ung. Geol. Anstalt., vol. 4, 1875,
p. 78, pi. 10, fig. 8.— H. B. Brady, Rep. voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
1884, p. 666, pi. 95, figs. 9, 10.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U.S. Nat. Mus.,
pt. 5, 1915, p. 38, figs. 41 a-c in test. — Pearcey, Trans. Roy. Soc., Edin-
burgh, vol. 49, 1914, p. 1027.

A few specimens, very similar to the figures given in the Challenger report,
were obtained at Station 29a. The species seems to be characteristic of deep,
cold waters. Pearcey records it from six stations in the Antarctic.

Truncatulina lobatula Walker and Jacob.

Truncatulina lobatula Walker and Jacob, Adam's Essays, Kanmacher's ed.,

1798, p. 642, pi. 14, fig. 36.
Truncatulina lobatula d'Orbigny, in Barker, Webb and Berthelot, Hist. Nat.

Isles Canaries, vol. 2, pt. 2, " Foraminiferes," 1839, p. 134, pi. 2, figs.

22-24. — H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 660,

pi. 92, fig. 10; pi. 93, figs. 1, 4, 5; pi. 95, figs. 4, 5.— Awerinzew, Mem.

Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 23.—

10 M The Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18.

Cushman, Bull. 71, U.S. Nat. Mus. pt. 5, 1915, p. 31, pi. 15, fig. 1.—
Pearcey, Trans. Roy. Soc., Edinburgh, vol. 49, 1914, p. 1027.

At 22 they were attached to Buccinum cyaneum, one being in the centre
of the operculum of a living specimen.

Specimens occurred at Stations 29e, 43a, and 436. At 43a they were
attached to shells of Area, Pseudamusium and Margarites.

This is one of the very widely distributed species from the records. It is
very abundant in shallow cold waters. Awerinzew records it from the Siberian
Arctic, and Pearcey from six stations in the Antarctic.

Nonionina depressula (Walker and Jacob.)

Nautilus depressulus Walker and Jacob, Adam's Essays, Kanmacher's ed., 1798,
p. 641, pi. 14, fig. 33.

Nonionina depressula Parker and Jones, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. 4, 1859,
pp. 339, 341.— H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884,
p. 725, pi. 109, figs. 6, 7. — Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Peters-
burg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 24.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat.
Mus., pt. 4, 1914, p. 23, pi. 17, fig. 3.

Typical specimens were obtained from stations 23 and 43c. Brady records
it from as far north as latitude 82° 33' N., as well as from Baffin bay, Smith
sound, Hunde islands, Davis strait, Nova Zembla, and Franz Josef land.
Awerinzew records it from the Siberian Arctic. It has been recorded from
warmer shallow waters as well, but it is possible that further study may show
these to be different species.

Nonionina stelligera d'Orbigny.

Nonionina stelligera d'Orbigny, in Barker, Webb, and Berthelotj Hist. Nat. Isles
Canaries, vol. 2-, pt. 2, Foraminiferes, 1839, p. 128, pi. 3, figs. 1, 2.—
H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 728, pi. 109,
figs. 3-5.— Goes, Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 25, 1894, p. 104,
pi. 17, figs. 827, 828. — Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersburg,
ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 25.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U.S. Nat. Mus.,
pt. 4, 1914, p. 27, pi. 14, fig. 4; pi. 15, fig. 4; pi. 16, fig. 2. Heron-Allen
and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 144.—
Pearcey, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, 1914, p. 1030.

Specimens were rare at stations 43a and 43c. Brady records it from Arctic
localities north as far as latitude 82° 33' N. in Smith sound, and from the shores
of Spitzbergen, Franz Josef land, and Nova Zembla. Awerinzew records it
at five stations in the Siberian Arctic. Pearcey records it from the Antarctic.
It has been found by Heron-Allen and Earland from the northern and western
coasts of the British isles. Most of the other records are from deep water, but
it has also been recorded from the Mediterranean, and the type locality is shore
sand from the Canaries.

Polystomella striato-punctata Fichtel and Moll, var. incerta (Williamson).

The varietal form of this species, with its fewer and more irregular depres-
sions along the sutural lines, was found at stations 206-c, 27s, and 29a.

A great variety of forms have been included by writers under P. striato-
punctata, and as a result it is seemingly distributed wherever foraminifera are
found. Awerinzew has recorded var. incerta from the Siberian Arctic, and
Kiaer from the American Arctic. Williamson's original material was from the
British isles.

Foraminifera 1 1 M

Polystomella arctica Parker and Jones.

Polystomella arctica Parker and Jones, in Brady, Trans. Linn. Soc., London,
vol. 24, 1864, p. 471, pi. 48, fig. 18.-Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology,
vol. 9, 1884, p. 735, pi. 110, figs. 2-5.— Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci.,
St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 26. — Heron-Allen and Ear-
land, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 146.

A single but typical specimen was obtained at Station 43a, and Tfc was
common at Station 29j. From all the records this seems to be a circumpolar
species confined to the Arctic. Brady records it as far north as latitude 82°
27' N., in Smith sound, also from Baffin bay, Davis strait, and from the re-
gion of Spitzbergen, Franz Josef land, and Nova Zembla. It is known from
the Siberian Arctic, recorded by Awerinzew. The work of Heron-Allen and
Earland has extended the distribution to certain localities as far south as the
east coast of Ireland.

Polystomella subnodosa (Munster.)

Robulina subnodosa Munster (fide Roemer), Neues Jahrb. fur. Min., 1838, p.

391, pi. 3, fig. 61.
Polystomella subnodosa Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855, p. 240,

pi. 4, fig. 51, a, b. — H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,

1884, p. 734, pi. 110, fig. 1 a, b.

Several specimens at station 29j. I am referring to this species certain
specimens found at this station. They are of the form and size of P. subnodosa,
but like other arctic species of the genus there are developed double rows of
pores along the sutures. This is one of the species recorded by Awerinzew
from the Siberian Arctic. It may prove to be distinct -from the form referred
to this species from lower latitudes.

Cornuspira foliacea (Philippi.)

Orbis foliaceus Philippi, Enum. Moll, Siciliae, vol. 2, 1844, p. 147, pi. 24, fig. 26.

Spirillina foliacea Williamson, Rec. Foram. Great Britain, 1858, p. 91, pi. 7,
figs. 199-201.

Cornuspira foliacea Carpenter, Parker and Jones, Introd. Foram., 1862, p. 68,
pi. 5, fig. 16.— H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884,
p. 199, pi. 11, figs. 5-9.— Goes, Kongl/Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 25,
1894, p. 106, pi. 18, fig. 834.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 6,
1917, p. 24, pi. 1, fig. 1, pi. 2, fig. 1. — Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci.,
St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 14.

Specimens were picked out by the collector, giving clean examples for
study, from stations 27s, 41, and 41c. I found a few young specimens in washing
the material from stations 29gr and 29j. The large, well-developed specimens
are filled with a yellowish brown protoplasm. The test in these Arctic specimens
is thicker and heavier than those from farther south, and the flaring condition
of the test is not so early taken on. The largest specimen measured 10mm. in
length, which seems to be a record for the species. Brady recorded the species
from north of Smith sound and from Davis strait. Awerinzew records it from
the Siberian Arctic, and Goes from Spitzbergen. Pearcey records it from the
Antarctic, and it has been found in all the great ocean basins, but is much more
common in the Atlantic than in the Pacific.

12 M The Canadian A rctic Expedition, 1918-18.

Quinqueloculina seminulum Linne*.

Two specimens, each partially broken, are referred to this common elongate
species, which seems to be very widely distributed. They are from station 290 .

Quinqueloculina subrotunda Montagu.

Two specimens, apparently of this common and widely distributed species,
were obtained from station 23.

Specimens were also found attached to the shell of Buccinum cyaneum
from station 22. Awerinzew records this species of Quinqueloculina from the
Siberian Arctic.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Hyperammina subnodosa, with attached specimens of Tholosina bulla. This is apparently
a megalospheric specimen, the proloculum being greater in diameter than the tubular
chamber, and the entire length less than the full grown microspheric form, fig. 2. x 10.
From station 43a.

Fig. 2. Hyperammina subnodosa, with attached specimens of Tholosina bulla. A microspheric
specimen of H. subnodosa with the diameter of the proloculum "ess than that of the
tubular chamber and the whole test large, x 10. From Station 43a.

'*•

Fig. 3. Ammobaculites cassis, side view of very broad form, found in the Canadian Arctic Expe-
dition material. This is much broader than the usual specimens from other regions,
x 20. From Station 20 b-c.

Fig. 4. Trochammina nana, ventral view, the last formed chamber very light in colour compared
to the earlier ones, x 125. From Station 290.

Fig. 5. Verneuilina polystropha (?), side view of a verv slender form found in the Arctic material,
x 125. From Station 20 b-c.

Foraminifera

13 M

PLATE I.

Q

115
033

T.9

pt.M

Canadian Arctic Expedition,
1913-1918
Reports

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