POMOLOGIA BRITANNICA; OR, FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FRUIT CULTIVATED IN GREAT BRITAIN. '«V BY JOHN LINDLEY, PH. D. F.B ETC. ETC. ETC. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. II. LONDON: HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. MDCCCXLI. I 1\ Jt tv n r*. 49 THE COMMON ELRUGE NECTARINE, Elruge. G. Lindley in Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 551. Not of Miller. Common Elruge. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 23. The name of Elruge Nectarine has long found a place in the lists of English fruit-trees, and is sup- posed to be the anagram of Gurles, a Nurseryman by whom it was first either raised or sold. But it is singular, that from some unexplained cause, the kind to which the name was originally applied, and which is described by Miller, has been almost lost from cultivation, while . that which is now re- presented has usurped its place. This fact was first pointed out by Mr. George Lindley, in the Tran- sactions of the Horticultural Society, and has been since universally admitted. Hence, there are two Elruge Nectarines in our gardens, one called Miller's Elruge, and the other the Common Elruge. This last is the subject of the following remarks. It is to be suspected, that all the descriptions of modern authors refer to this rather than to Miller's. It is probable that the Claremont Nectarine is a synonym of this; and there is reason to believe, that the Vermash figured by Hooker in his Pomona Londinensis, is also a representation of the VOL. II B same variety. The latter is, however, undoubtedly a distinct kind. The Common Elruge Nectarine ripens on a south wall, in the end of August and beginning of September ; it will also acquire maturity on a west wall. We have even seen an instance of its pro- ducing a perfectly well-grown ripe fruit in the end of September, upon an open standard tree. This occurred in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, in 1827. One of the very best and most high-flavoured of our Nectarines ; and one of those which are most generally cultivated. It is very like the Violette Native, from which it is to be known by parting more freely from the stone, and by the channel in its side being deeper and, less pitted with little excavations. LEAVES crenated, with reniform glands. FLOWERS very small, pale dull red. FRUIT large, roundish, inclining to oval. Chan- nel shallow at the base, becoming gradually deeper towards the apex. SKIN deep violet, or blood- colour, when exposed, with minute brownish specks ; paler in the shade. FLESH whitish, melting, very juicy, rich, and high-flavoured ; a little stained with red next the stone, from which it parts freely. STONE middle-sized, oval, slightly pointed, pale ; in which it differs from the Violette Native, the stone of which is deep red. 50 THE SUMMER GOLDEN PIPPIN. Summer Golden Pippin. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 393. One of the best of our early autumn Apples, ripening in great abundance, especially on dwarf trees, upon Paradise stocks, towards the end of August. It bears much external resemblance to the Old Golden Pippin ; and although not equal to that celebrated fruit in flavour, is, nevertheless, among the most pleasant and useful varieties we know. Ripens from the 20th to the 25th of August, and keeps ten days or a fortnight. WOOD light yellowish brown. LEAVES oblong, tapering to the point, slightly cordate at the base, doubly and rather coarsely serrated. PETIOLES short, strong, erect. STIPULES larger than ordinary. FRUIT small, roundish-oblong, flattened at both ends. EYE in a wide, shallow, even hollow. FOOTSTALKS short, inserted in a middle-sized ca- vity. SKIN very smooth and shining ; on the side next the sun bright yellow, tinged a little with orange, which gradually fades away, on the shaded side, into pale lemon colour ; it is marked through- out with pale scattered dots. FLESH whitish, firm, very juicy, sweet, and agreeable, without perfume. Our drawing was made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society. 51 THE MADELEINE PEAR. Madeleine. Noisette, Jard. Fr. Hi. p. 104. pi. 26. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 385. Citron des Carmes of the French, and Hort. Cat. no. 189. There is no doubt that the fruit now repre- sented is the Madeleine Pear of the French, although it does not entirely agree with all that has been said of it. Trees have been received by the Horti- cultural Society under this name, both from tjie Jardin du Roi, at Paris, and from other establish- ments in France, which all prove to be the same thing. It is said to have received its name from ripening about the time of the Fete de Sainte Ma- deleine. An excellent early variety, bearing freely on a standard, maturing in the third week of July, and keeping for a few days, if gathered before it is over- ripe. It bears much resemblance to the Citron de Sierenz, from which it chiefly differs in the wood and leaves. WOOD bright, clear, reddish brown, with a few scattered, prominent, pale spots. LEAVES cordate, ovate, tapering a little to the point, finely serrated, quite flat. FRUIT middle-sized, turbinate, with a thicken- ing on one side of the stalk, which is about an inch long. EYE slightly hollowed. SKIN yellowish green, with a little light bloom upon it, and a slight tinge of red on specimens much exposed. FLESH white, melting, buttery, sweet, and high- flavoured. Our drawing was made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society. v THE DOWNTON STRAWBERRY. Downton. Hort. Soc. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 396. Jig. 15. ; vol. iv. p. 197. ; vol vi.p. 185. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. p. 56. An excellent, and now well-established Straw- berry. It was raised in 1817 by Mr. Knight, the President of the Horticultural Society, in whose Transactions it has been amply described, and well figured. It is the produce of artificial impregnation, the female parent being a large Scarlet Strawberry, now considered of little merit, and the male parent the old Black Strawberry, which kind, though pos- sessing very superior flavour, is but little cultivated, because, excepting in few places, it neither thrives nor bears well. This new kind is an abundant bearer, and its berries possess a highly aromatic flavour, derived from the variety from the pollen of which it origin- ated. Some of the early berries are cock's-comb- shaped, but those of the general crop are ovate, having a neck. It comes into bearing rather late ; and to be eaten in perfection, should be suffered to be fully ripened. From the period of its maturity, it is valuable, for the kinds most in use have then ceased to be produced. As a preserve it is excel- lent, whether reduced to jam or kept entire. LEAVES pale green. FOOTSTALKS very long. LEAFLETS of thin texture, moderate size, with large, coarse serratures. SCAPES very long, stiff, and upright, with short, crowded peduncles. CALYX large, greatly incurved, sometimes spreading, or slightly reflexed. PETALS oval, tapering to the claw. STAMENS moderately long. ANTHERS perfect. FRUIT rather large, of the shape described above; when fully ripe, dark purplish scarlet. GRAINS but little embedded. FLESH scarlet, firm. 53 THE HOARY MORNING APPLE. The Hoary Morning Apple. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat.no. 455. Dainty Apple. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 234. This very handsome and useful Apple is sup- posed to have taken its origin in Somersetshire, from which county specimens were first communicated to the Horticultural Society, by Charles Worthing- ton, Esq., several years ago. It has since become much more generally diffused, and is beginning to be cultivated in several parts of England. It is not a bad bearer as a standard, but is better adapted for growing upon the Paradise Stock. It ripens in the end of October, and will remain good through the month of November. When in perfection, it is covered with a fine bloom, like that of a plum. Since the publication of the Horticultural So- ciety's Fruit Catalogue, it has been ascertained that the Dainty Apple of some parts of Norfolk is the same. WOOD rather strong, densely downy, and thickly marked with whitish spots. LEAVES rather large, convex, doubly serrated, with strong stalks, an inch and a half long, and very broad stipules. FRUIT rather large, round, depressed, angular, with a very small, close- plaited eye. STALK VOL. jr. c generally rather short, in a wide cavity. SKIN covered with a fine bloom, with broad, broken, irregular stripes of red next the sun, and paler and more distant markings of the same kind in the shade. FLESH firm, yellowish white, occasionally tinged with pink next the skin, with a rich and brisk flavour. A THE PRESIDENT PEACH. President Peach. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 216. A good deal of curiosity has been felt in England with respect to the Peaches of North America, of the merits of which much has been reported by travellers from that country. There is no doubt that those kinds, beneath the fierce summer sun of the United States, fully merit the eulogium that has been passed upon them. But it is equally certain, that they are almost uniformly worthless in the climate of Great Britain. There are, how- ever, some exceptions, two of which particularly deserve to be recorded; of these, the George the Fourth is one, and that which is now represented is the other. The President Peach is, with us, a rich, melting juicy fruit, ripening in the end of September, and is, therefore, valuable on account of the late period of its maturity. Of course it requires a south wall, and care must be taken that it is perfectly ripe before being gathered. FLOWERS small, deep red, LEAVES crenated, with globose glands. FRUIT large, roundish, approaching to oval, with a shallow suture. SKIN very downy, dull red next the sun, pale yellowish green in the shade. FLESH whitish, juicy, rich, and high-flavoured, parting freely from the STONE, which is large, oval, pointed, and very rugged. 55 THE COSFORD NUT. Cosford Nut. Hort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 405. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. p. 35. The first notice we find of this variety is in the volume of the Transactions of the Horticultural Society above referred to ; where it is described as having been received from Mr. Kirke, of Brompton, who still cultivates it, and from whom the plants in the Garden of the Horticultural Society were obtained, which afforded the materials of the present drawing. It was exhibited in the course of this season at one .of the meetings of the Ipswich Hor- ticultural Society; and as there is a Hundred in Suffolk of the name of Cosford, it is not improbable that the variety originated in that part of the country. It highly deserves cultivation, being a great bearer, and having a remarkably thin shell ; both of which qualities entitle it to attention. The TREE grows vigorously, and the branches upright. INVOLUCRUM nearly the length of the Nut, slightly hispid at the base. When the Nut is ripe, which happens early, the involucrum ex- pands, but is not reflexed ; its segments are deeply divided. NUT large, oblong, cylindrical at the base, ra- ther broader and slightly compressed towards the apex, with stripes of dark and light brown, of which the former are the narrower. SHELL thin, and breaking easily. KERNEL white, filling the shell, sweet, and of excellent quality. 56 THE MILLER'S BURGUNDY GRAPE. Milter's Burgundy. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 26. The Black Cluster, or Munier Grape. Miller's Diet. Le Meunier. Chaptal, Traite sur le Vigne, vol. i.p. 169. Vitis subhirsuta (acino nigro). Caspar Bauhin Pinax* Vitis lanata. C. Steph. Pradium Rusticum. Maurillon-Taconne. . . Fromente Resseau . . Farineux noir Savagnien noir Noirin . , of the French Vineyards. This is one of the most ancient varieties of the Grape. The two quotations cited above from Bauhin's Pinax, and Stephanus's Prsedium Rus- ticum, are taken from Chaptal ; we have not been able to find them ourselves. The plant from which the drawing was taken was presented to the Horticultural Society by the late Sir Joseph Banks, who procured it from the remains of an ancient vineyard at Torworth, famous for its chestnuts, and the seat of Lord Ducie. It was undoubtedly one of the sorts cultivated in that ancient place. It is commonly grown in France as a wine- grape ; and is almost the only black kind which is likely to be worth trying in this country for the same purpose. It has a very high flavour, ripens in all seasons with certainty, and is the earliest of all known varieties, except the Black July Grape, or Maurillon Hatif of the French, which is very inferior in quality. The LEAVES have three lobes ; they are deeply cordate at the base, and covered on both sides with more or less of a cobweb-like cottony wool, by which the variety is easily known, and which has given rise to its name of the Miller. The BUNCH is short and thick. The BERRIES are roundish, black, even-sized, and very closely serried. The SKIN is not thick, with a fine glau- cous bloom. The FLESH is tender, and filled with clear, very sweet, and high-flavoured juice. The SEEDS are two, and small. :J:\::\: /jj." C*A- :::*:':£:-::A 57 THE COE'S PLUM. Coe's Golden Drop Plum. Hort. Soc. Cat. p. 92. Coe's Coe's Imperial .... Golden Drop , New Golden Drop , Bury Seedling .... • of various Collections. Of all the Plums of any modern origin, this and the Washington, already figured in this work, are not only by far the best, but perhaps superior to any of the oldest varieties. This was raised by a gardener of the name of Coe, at Bury St. Ed- munds, in Suffolk, about twenty years since; but from the stone of what variety is not known. It is very handsome, ripens about the end of Sep- tember, and will shrivel and keep in a good state for more than a month later ; indeed, if properly dried, it will keep as well as the best Imperatrice Plums. It is a great bearer ; but should be trained upon a west or east wall to ensure a crop. WOOD smooth, deep purplish brown, with a few paler spots. LEAVES oval, flat, taper -pointed, crenated, smooth, rather shining above. PETIOLES short, slightly pubescent, with two globose glands near the base of the leaf. VOL. II. D FLOWERS middle-sized. PETALS roundish-oval, imbricated. FRUIT oval, of the largest size among yellow plums, deeply marked with the suture, pitted at the point, abruptly tapering and hollowed out at the base for the reception of the stalk. STALK from half an inch to an inch in length. SKIN greenish yellow, with numerous rich spots of bright violet- red next the sun. FLESH greenish yellow, adhering firmly to the stone; very sweet and delicious. STONE sharp-pointed. m- s. & 58 THE CORNISH AROMATIC APPLE. Cornish Aromatic. Hort. Trans. 2. 74. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. p. 115. This variety was first brought into public notice by Sir Christopher Hawkins, who, in the volume of the Horticultural Society's Transactions cited above, described it as having been known in Corn- wall for years. The tree is said to be a good bearer, but to be subject to canker. Such as we have had an opportunity of viewing were remark- ably healthy trees, with no appearance of disease. This, the Golden Hervy, the Cornish July Flower, and the Ribstone Pippin, are four of the very best and most useful Apples that can be recom- mended for cultivation where there is room for but few varieties. WOOD moderately strong, chestnut brown, rather thickly dotted, slightly pubescent at the extre- mities. LEAVES middle-sized, ovate, acuminate, ere- nated. STIPULES broad. FLOWERS middle-sized, pale pink. FRUIT large, roundish, somewhat angular towards the eye, which is rather sunken and small. FOOT- STALK short, in a deep contracted cavity. SKIN, on the shaded side, covered with a soft, brownish russet, sprinkled with pale brown dots ; on the sunny side, of a rich, deep, bright red, slightly inter- mixed with russet. FLESH yellowish, firm, juicy, with an exceedingly rich, high, aromatic flavour. Ripens in November, and keeps till the end of January. 59 THE CAPIAUMONT PEAR. Capiaumont. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 406. Beurre de Capiaumont. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. p. 159. One of the best of the varieties raised in Flanders during the period when so large an acces- sion was made to the lists of cultivated fruits in that country. It is recorded to have owed its origin to a M. Capiaumont, of Mons. The first speci- mens which were seen in this country, came to the Horticultural Society in 1820, from M. Parmentier, of Enghien, and M. Dumortier-Rutteau, of Tournay. They excited much admiration at the time, and measures were immediately taken to secure the variety for this country. Unfortunately, however, the cuttings which were sent over were so much mixed, or so carelessly labelled, that a very small proportion of them proved to be of the true kind. In their room were received the Beurr£ Ranee, the Colmar Jaminette, and even the Napo- leon. The true kind has always been sold by Mr. Richard Williams, of Turnham Green; and from trees procured from his Nursery, and growing in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, our draw- ing was made. A most delicious fruit, ripening in the middle of October, and keeping for a fortnight or more. It bears very well as a standard, but succeeds best as an open dwarf, grafted upon the Quince A wall is not required for it. WOOD clear reddish brown, sprinkled with white spots. LEAVES oblong, narrow, much folded, and re- curved, with very fine serratures. STIPULES linear, about the length of the petiole. FHUIT middle-sized, turbinate, regularly ta- pering into the stalk. EYE not at all sunken, but level with the surface of the extremity. SKIN a fine clear cinnamon, fading into yellow in the shade, and acquiring a rich bright red in the sun. FLESH yellowish, melting, buttery, very rich and high flavoured. 6O. 60 THE WHITE DOYENNE PEAR. Doyenne. Duhamel, Traite des Arbres Fruitier sy vol. ii. p. 205. t. 43. Miller's Diet. no. 35. Doyenne blanc. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. p. 165. Poire de Neige • * . Poire Monsieur Poire a courte queue ... Citron de Septembre .... Valencia Carlisle \ of various places. Kaiserbirne Beurre blanc St. Michel Bonne Ente .......... Poire de Limon Poire de Seigneur . . » . . Die weisse herbst butterbirne. Christ, p. 163. A very old and excellent Pear, which has so long been a favourite with cultivators, especially in France and Germany, that its names have become in themselves a catalogue. It is a great and certain bearer, ripening from the end of Sep- tember till the third week in October ; of first- rate quality as a juicy, melting sort. It is one of the very best to graft upon the Quince, and to cultivate en quenouille. It is almost to be doubted whether Miller really knew it, although he quotes it ; since he calls it an indifferent fruit, which he would have scarcely done had he been acquainted with the true kind. During the time when it is in season, it yields to none in excellence. This must by no means be confounded with the Red Doyenne*, or Doyenn6 Gris, which is rounder, and keeps better ; but is of very inferior quality. WOOD strong, bright chestnut colour, with brown spots. LEAVES lanceolate, folded together, recurved, with fine, regular serratures. STIPULES linear, at some distance above the base of the petiole, which is slender, and of a whitish colour. FRUIT middle-sized, roundish oblong, narrowest at the stalk, which is about half an inch long, and rather thick, inserted in a small cavity. EYE placed in a shallow impression. SKIN pale citron yellow, sprinkled throughout with cinnamon, more or less, according to its situation. FLESH white, juicy, very buttery and delicious. 61 THE CHANCELLOR PEACH. Chancellor. Miller's Diet. ed. 8. G. Lindley in Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 550. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 40. This Peach, which is by no means uncommon, is said to be distinct from the fruit of the same name in the French Gardens, which is described by Duhamel as having large flowers. In all other respects, however, the two seem to be much alike. It is generally considered, that the English Chan- cellor Peach is the variety alluded to by Duhamel in describing the true kind. In the Jardin Fruitier the true Chancellor is stated to resemble the Chevreuse native, which this does also, except in being later. It is earlier than the late Chevreuse; and, except these two, there is no Peach in the section to which it belongs that it is like. The middle of September is the usual time of ripening. LEAVES crenated, with reniform glands. FLOWERS small, reddish. FRUIT large, oval, with a very distinct channel on one side. Cavity at the footstalk rather small. SKIN not very downy, dark crimson next the sun, pale yellow next the wall, finely mottled towards the union of the two colours ; it peels freely. FLESH pale yellow, very deep red from the stone half way through, melting, very juicy and rich, with a vinous flavour; it parts freely from the stone, but leaves VOL. II. E some fibres behind. STONE oblong, tapering to the base, pointed at the summit, with a surface almost like that of a Clingstone. A capital sort. The French Chancellor of the Nurseries, and of the Horticultural Society's Fruit Catalogue, No. 41, is probably not distinct from this. The name ap- pears to have originated in a Nursery in the North of England. THE SCARLET PEARMAIN APPLE. Scarlet Pearmain. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 767. Bell's Scarlet, of some Nurseries. A valuable table fruit, ripening in September, and keeping till January. Its beauty is quite re- markable, its fertility is great, and its flavour is, if not of the very first quality, such at least as to en- title it to a place in every good Garden. There is no difference between the Scarlet Pear- main and the Bell's Scarlet Apple of the English Gardens. This was sent to the Horticultural Society, and was probably also distributed by the late Mr. Brad- dick, under the name of the Michael Henry Pippin, — a very different Apple, of American origin, with a yellow skin. WOOD weak, light chestnut colour, with small brown spots. LEAVES taper - pointed, doubly serrated, with slender stalks, and small, linear-lanceolate stipules. FRUIT middle-sized, conical, of the true Pear- main form. EYE middle-sized, deeply sunk, sur- rounded by small plaits, and crowned by the green persistent calyx. STALK about an inch long, slen- der, deeply inserted. COLOUR a rich glowing crim- son on the sunny side ; deep red, with a little yellow intermixed, upon the other. FLESH whitish, crisp, with a pleasant, rich, sugared juice. , r ' 'f* •••;** ' // ' /•fVj r-./X*,/' " ' l^^H 63 LONGVILLE'S KERNEL APPLE. Longville's Kernel. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 567. Sam's Crab. Ibid. no. 1021. This is a Herefordshire Apple of considerable merit, and but little known. It ripens at a period when good Apples are not very common, on which account it deserves to be more generally cultivated. Whether the Sam's Crab is really the same as this, is not quite certain ; but all that we have had an opportunity of examining have been exactly like it. An excellent Autumn fruit, in perfection from the middle of August to the middle of September. It is a great bearer, either as a dwarf or standard. WOOD slightly downy, chestnut-coloured, thickly set with small well-defined dots. LEAVES ovate - oblong, flat, regularly but not deeply serrated, with long stalks, and very small lanceolate stipules. FRUIT middle-sized, oval, approaching to coni- cal, rather angular, plaited round the eye, which is deeply sunk. STALK short, deeply inserted. SKIN greenish yellow, streaked and spotted with bright red. FLESH firm, yellow, perfumed, with a rich, pleasant, sweet, subacid juice. ; ^v-- THE PASSE-COLMAR PEAR. Passe-colmar 7 Tr ,.. . , ^ £ F of some foreign Collections. English Pippin 3 Aurore. Hort. Cat. no. 26. Wyker Pippin of the Dutch, but not of the Hort. Cat. wo. 1184. This excellent Apple has long been known in our Gardens, having been spoken of by the earliest English writers upon gardening. It must not be confounded with the Reinette Dore"e of the French, nor with the Apple bearing the same name in Holland, both of which are dis- tinct from this, and also from each other, but equally deserving cultivation. This sort bears unusually well in our climate ; its blossoms suffer less from spring frosts than those of many varieties. The fruit is a valuable winter kind, ripening in the end of October, and keeping till the end of January, or even later, after hot, dry summers. WOOD rather strong, dark chestnut brown, coated with a little silvery white, but not parti- cularly downy. LEAVES ovate, acuminate, doubly serrated, dark shining green. STIPULES lanceolate, reflexed. VOL. II. G FRUIT roundish, depressed. EYE large, open, seated in a broad shallow cavity. FOOTSTALK nearly an inch long, moderately thick. SKIN usually smooth, with a few minute, triangular, rus- set spots ; in the shade greenish yellow, changing to golden yellow, with a dull red cheek, slightly streaked with brighter red. FLESH yellow, crisp, with a rich, sugary juice. Most excellent. 70 THE FRIZZLED FILBERT, Frizzled Filbert. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 17. Of all the Nut tribe this is among those most deserving of cultivation, whether we consider its hardiness, beauty when in the husk, or , abundant produce. In flavour it is not materially different from the White Filbert. It originated in a Garden at Hoveton, near Norwich, where it was well known for its annual crops, when all the bushes near it were almost destitute of fruit. It has been, within a few years, extensively circulated among Nurserymen, and now is far from uncommon. Its name is derived from the singular appear- ance of the husk or involucrum. The BRANCHES are spreading. CLUSTERS of fruit usually in threes or fives, sometimes more. INVOLUCRUM much and deeply divided, spreading open at the mouth, large, ex- tending twice the length of the Nut. NUT rather small, oblong, and flattened. SHELL of moderate thickness, filled with the kernel, which is of good flavour. Ripens rather late. i 71 THE PRINCESS OF ORANGE PEAR. Princesse (TO range. Hort. Trans, vol. iv.p.ZTJ. Fruit Cat. no. 475. This Pear was raised in 1802, by the Comte de Coloma, as we learn from the Horticultural Trans- actions. It is in perfection in October; and from the great beauty, as well as good quality of its fruit, is strongly recommended to notice as a valuable autumn Pear. It bears freely upon either a Pear or Quince stock ; and, from not opening its blossoms early, is less exposed to our spring frosts than many kinds. WOOD reddish brown, with small, round, white spots. LEAVES ovate, rather sharply serrated. STI- PULES nearly as long as the petioles. FLOWERS white, rather below the middle size. FRUIT roundish, turbinate, about the size of a White Beurr6. STALK rather short, seated in a shallow cavity. SKIN a bright reddish orange russet. FLESH yellowish white, sugary, and rich ; it is in some seasons perfectly melting, but occa- sionally is a little gritty. ::.' *.•":'•*: :• : : . THE SECKLE PEAR. Seckle. Coxe's Fruit Trees, p. 189. Thatcher, American Orchardist, p. 190. Hort. Trans, vol. in. p. 256. t. 9 ; vol. iv. p. 520. Fruit Cat. no. 552. New York Red Cheek. Hort. Cat. no. 432. > of some Collections. Red-cheeked Seckle 3 J Early in the year 1819, a paper by Dr. Hosack, of New York, was read before the Horticultural Society, in which this variety is spoken of in the following terms, extracted from Coxe's work on American Fruit Trees : " The flesh is melting, juicy, and most exquisitely and delicately flavoured. The time of ripening is from the end of August to the middle of October. The tree is singularly vi- gorous and beautiful, of great regularity of growth and richness of foliage, very hardy, and possessing all the characteristics of a new variety." Much attention was naturally excited by this statement, and the trees, which were liberally transmitted by Dr. Hosack along with his descrip- tion, were eagerly sought after. Subsequent ex- perience in this country has amply confirmed the American account. It is found to exceed in excel- lence of flavour the very richest of our autumn Pears, possessing a high vinous aroma, which can scarcely be compared with any thing in fruits, unless with a concentration of the taste peculiar to the Swan's Egg. The fault of the variety is, that it only remains in perfection for a few days; it speedily decays after being gathered. The period of ripening with us is usually the end of October. WOOD reddish brown, sprinkled with a few whitish or pale-brown spots. LEAVES rather large ; on the lower part of the shoots regularly ovate and acuminate, with a ser- rated margin ; on the upper end of the shoots ovate - oblong, with a slightly crenated margin. STIPULES linear, more than half the length of the petioles. PETIOLES about half an inch long. FLOWERS small, bright rose-colour when ex- panding, disposed in cymes or bunches at the end of the shoots; petals obovate, tapering to the claw. FRUIT growing in clusters at the end of the shoots, of small size. SKIN dull brown, or brown- ish green, with a very bright red cheek. STALK about an inch long, slightly sunk at its insertion. FLESH tender, juicy, melting, peculiarly rich and high-flavoured, with a powerful but most agreeable aroma, totally different from that usually perceived in perfumed Pears. 73 THE ROYAL PEACH. Royal. Miller's Diet. no. 7. Forsyth, ed. 7, p. 46. La Royale. Duhamel, vol. ii.p. 35, t. 24. Noisette, Manuel, p. 480. Bourdine. Duhamel, vol. ii. p. 20, 1. 12. Noisette, Manuel, p. 480. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 27. T£ton de Venus. Hitt on Fruit Trees, p. 320. Noisette, Manuel, p. 480. Jard. Fr. vol. ii. p. 92. Forsyth, ed. 7, p. 47. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 162. Late Admirable. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 3. This magnificent Peach ripens about the latter end of September, and is by far the most valuable of our late varieties. These, in an English autumn, are too often remarkable for nothing but their want of colour and flavour; but the Royal yields to no summer Peach in the richness of its juice, the deli- cacy of its flesh, or the beauty of its colour. Every writer agrees on this point, and we scarcely remem- ber an autumn which was too unfavourable for bringing it to perfection. There is no doubt whatever of the identity of the Royal, the Bourdine, the T&ton de Ve*nus, and the Late Admirable. The Royal and Late Admi- rable are admitted to be the same. Butret, a writer of the highest authority in all that relates to the Peach, declares that the T£ton de Ve"nus, the Royal, and the Bourdine, are absolutely the same, and that VOL. II. H the pretended differences between them are only " un charlatanisme des pepini&ristes." Even M. Noi- sette, in his Manuel Compkt, although he retains the Teton de Venus and Bourdine as distinct, re- marks that the Bourdine is nothing but the other in perfection. And finally, the observations of Mr. Thompson, in the Garden of the Horticul- tural Society, go completely to prove the identity of the whole. LEAVES crenated, with globose glands. FLOWERS small, pale red. FRUIT large, roundish, inclining to oblong. SU- TURE deeply impressed along one side, having the flesh swelling boldly and equally on both sides, with a slight depression on the summit, where there is usually a small nipple ; but in this respect the fruit varies. SKIN covered with a short close down, streaked with dull tawny red next the Sun, pale green or straw-colour in the shade. Cavity of the STALK rather small. FLESH delicate, white, melt- ing, juicy, and high-flavoured, with a slight tinge of rose next the stone, from which it parts freely. STONE above the middle size, oval, constantly with a long sharp point. ffg j7tccth's Treatise, edit. 7, p. 117. Hort. Cat. no. 664. Nonpareil d'Angleterre. Hort. Soc. Cat. no. 647. Hunt's Nonpareil. Ibid. no. 659. Loveden's Pippin. Ibid. no. 573. Griine Reinette, of the Germans. Reinette Non-pareil, or Nonpareille. Knoop, Pomolog. p. 51, t. 9. Perhaps this is, of all the Apples we know, the most general favourite with persons of every taste, on account of its peculiar agreeable brisk flavour, and the length of time it keeps. Switzer, who wrote of it in 1724, speaks thus: — " The Nonpareil shall bring up the rear in this list of Apples, being a fruit so deservedly valued for the briskness of its taste, the lovely russet of its coat, so much improved if exposed to the sun, that even the colour equals the finest russets, and the taste is incomparably better. This Apple is no stranger in England, though it might have had its original in France; yet there are trees of them about the Ashtons, in Oxfordshire, of about a hundred years old, which (as they have it by tradition) were first brought out of France, and planted by a Jesuit, in Queen Mary's or Queen Elizabeth's time. The great improvement that is made to the bearing of this fruit, as well as Golden Pippins, on Paradise stocks, is well known ; and their beautiful aspects in pots, and in the middle of a dessert, has been the glory of one of the most generous encouragers of gardening this age has produced, I mean the Right Honourable the Lord Castlemain." From which it appears that the Nonpareil has been in our Gardens above two hundred years. Mr. Thompson remarks to us, that the French do not seem to know what an English Nonpareil is, notwithstanding the publication of their country- man Duhamel, because Noisette speaks of it as being very like the Reinette de Canada, only less in all its parts : and further, that it is probable that the Americans are unacquainted with it, for their great writer, Coxe, speaks of what he calls the Nonpareil in terms of no great praise, and figures it with a very short thick stalk, — a character the re- verse of that of the Nonpareil, which has uniformly a long slender stalk. A good bearer, but rather a tender tree : the fruit keeps well, with care, till May. WOOD slender, reddish chestnut, very slightly downy, apt to canker in cold damp situations. LEAVES rather small, erect, oval, tapering to the petiole, a little folded together. FLOWERS middle-sized. PETALS ovate, but little imbricated; bright rose-colour when ex- panding. FRUIT approaching to middle-sized, flat, broadest at the base. STALK slender, about an inch long. SKIN, when the fruit is fit for use, greenish yellow, slightly coated with light russet; occasionally, if much exposed to the sun, of a deep, rich, reddish brown on one side. r F 87 THE SCARLET NONPAREIL APPLE. Scarlet Nonpareil. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 670. In constitution and quality this is very like the Common Nonpareil, from which it chiefly differs in the colour of the fruit ; it scarcely keeps so long, being in greatest perfection in January and Feb- ruary. It is a most valuable sound Apple, and deserves to be placed near the summit of the list of Garden fruits. It is an excellent bearer. The Schafer Apple of the Germans, quoted in the Catalogue of the Horticultural Garden as a synonyme to this, is undoubtedly a distinct variety. WOOD and LEAVES almost exactly the same as those of the Old Nonpareil. FLOWERS middle-sized, with deep, rose, flat, ovate PETALS. FRUIT middle-sized, larger than the Old Non- pareil, roundish, with no angles at the sides. EYE shallow, placed in a regularly-formed depression, surrounded with very small plaits. STALK variable in length, sometimes nearly an inch long, some- times a thick fleshy knob. SKIN deep red next the sun, sprinkled with pale-brown dots ; the shaded part yellowish green, passing off into a streaked appearance towards the junction of the two colours. FLESH firm, yellowish white, juicy, rich, and ex- cellent. ^ i&? . W; /.fe (.< 88 THE BEURRE RANGE PEAR. Beurre Ranee. Van Mom, Arbres Fruitiers, p. 373. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 130. Ibid. Append. Cat. Hi. Beurre Epine TT . , _> . q/ some Lollections. Hardenpont de Prmtems • • ' Described by Dr. Van Mons as being the best of the late Pears, keeping from December to May. This is, perhaps, to ascribe too high a character to the variety, which is, however, undoubtedly of rare excellence, not only on account of its flavour, but also of the capability it possesses of keeping sound and in perfection till a late period of the spring. It was raised at Mons by the late M. Har- denpont, by whom a number of other good Flemish Pears were obtained from seed some years ago. The tree is vigorous, and a good bearer after a few years ; it has a straggling mode of growth, the shoots being in many cases pendulous. WOOD brownish yellow, sprinkled with roundish gray dots. LEAVES middle-sized, ovate, flat. STIPULES linear, about as long as the petioles upon the young wood. FLOWERS early, large, with imbricated petals. FRUIT middle-sized, oblong, tapering to the stalk, which is long and slender. SKIN deep green at all times, even when most ripe. FLESH green, melting, rather gritty, having a delicious rich flavour, with very little acid. The fruit shrivels in ripening. 89 THE FORMAN'S CREW APPLE. Forman's Crew. Hort. Soc. Cat. no. 342, This was raised in Glamorganshire, by Thomas Seton Forman, Esq., at Pennydarron Place, near Merthyr Tidvill. It is one of the best table Apples we have, combining the excellence of the Old Golden Pippin and Nonpareil. It keeps as late as any variety we know, and the tree is among the most healthy. It bears abundantly as an open standard, and is especially well adapted for cultivating as a dwarf, either upon Paradise or Crabstock. The Hub- bard's Pearmain, already figured in this work, is very like it; but Forman's Crew is less aromatic than that variety. TREE remarkably healthy. WOOD straight, reddish chestnut colour, without much down, sprinkled with small yellowish-white spots. LEAVES middle-sized, ovate acuminate, doubly and rather unequally serrated. PETIOLES about an inch long. STIPULES lanceolate. FRUIT like a large Golden Pippin, but russety. EYE small, a little open, placed in a shallow de- pression. STALK short, not deeply inserted. SKIN nearly covered with a yellowish russet brown. FLESH greenish yellow, juicy, rich, very high fla- voured, and excellent. VOL. IT. M 90 THE ROSS NONPAREIL. Ross Nonpareil. Robertson in Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 454. Fruit Cat. no. 667. Mr. Robertson, of Kilkenny, has the merit of having first introduced this valuable Apple to notice. It is of Irish origin, and is one of the few fennel- flavoured Apples which are cultivated among us. Its good qualities are, that it is a great bearer on an open standard ; that the tree is vigorous and healthy in all soils ; and that the fruit, which is very handsome, keeps well till March or April, ripening in the end of November. The TREE is round-headed. LEAVES flat. STIPULES small, and very narrow. FLOWERS middle-sized, or rather large, with roundish, cordate petals. FRUIT roundish, not at all angular. EYE small, placed in a shallow depression, surrounded by the persistent green calyx. STALK about an inch long. SKIN russety all over, with dull red streaks on the sunny side. FLESH greenish white, sweet and rich, with an agreeable perfumed fennel flavour. 91 THE KEENS' SEEDLING STRAWBERRY. Keens' Seedling. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 260. t. 12. Fruit Cat. no. 64. Keens' New Pine. . . . Keens' Black Pine .. J> of some Collections. Murphy's Child le . . i oj Perhaps no new fruit has enjoyed so great a degree of celebrity, upon its first appearance, as that which is now represented; and it may without impropriety be added, that few have had greater claims to reputation. The publication of a figure in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society, the exhibition of fruit at their meetings, and the rapid dispersion of many thousand plants throughout the country, either by public or private channels, have carried the fame of Keens' Seedling to the remotest corners of Great Britain ; and its peculiar excellence has enabled it to maintain the station in public opinion which it so acquired. Its great merits are, that it is very large, very good, and very prolific. It forces better than any other, carries extremely well, and bears its fruit high enough above the earth to keep it free from the soil. No Strawberry has the same vigorous appearance as this. Its deep green, broad leaves, and stout flowerscapes, attest a healthiness of con- stitution which is> scarcely equalled by any of its class, except the Old Pine ; and if Keens' Seed- ling be inferior to that in flavour, it is much more than equal to it in size and productiveness. It was raised from the seed of Keens' Im- perial, by Mr. Michael Keens, a market gardener at Isleworth. The following is the account given of it in the Horticultural Transactions : — " A most excellent bearer, ripening early, soon after the Scarlets, and before any other of the Pines. The FRUIT is very large, round or ovate, some of the largest assuming a cock's-comb shape ; when ripe, of a very dark purplish scarlet next the sun, the other side paler, slightly hairy. SEEDS (grains) a little embedded in the polished surface of the fruit, which has usually a furrow at the apex. The FLESH is firm, solid, scarlet, without any separable core, tolerably high flavoured. The CALYX is of mo- derate size, hairy, incurved. The FOOTSTALKS of the leaves are tall, slightly hairy. The LEAFLETS very large, roundish, for the most part flat, reclined, of a very smooth, shining, dark green, with coarse serratures, which are large and rounded. The RUNNERS are small, numerous, greenish yellow, and slightly hairy. The SCAPES are of moderate length, sometimes very short, branched, with short, weak, clustered peduncles, middle-sized, opening early." THE ELTON CHERRY. Elton. Hooker's Pomona Londinensis , t. 7. Hort. Trans, vol. 2. p. 157, 302. Fruit Cat. no. 39. This invaluable variety was raised in 1806, by Mr. Knight, from a seed of the Graffion or Ambre"e Cherry, which had been fecundated by the pollen of the White-Heart. It was first made known by Mr. Hooker, in his Pomona Londinensis, and since by communications at various times to the Horticultural Society. Its merit can scarcely be too highly spoken of. In flavour it is by many considered the most de- licious of Cherries ; its beauty is attested by the accompanying plate ; and its hardiness and produc- tiveness, whether upon a standard or against a wall, are now ascertained by the united experience of all who have cultivated it. It ripens in the beginning of July, about the time of the May-Duke, or soon after. The TREES are strong and healthy, with dark brown wood ; the shoots are rather drooping. LEAVES very large, doubly serrated. PETIOLES about two inches long on the young wood, with large reniform glands near the top. FLOWERS large, opening about the second or third week in April. FRUIT about the size of the Bigarreau, and a good deal like it, but much earlier, and with a longer stalk ; heart-shaped, and rather pointed. COLOUR, on the shaded side pale waxy yellow, mottled and dashed with rich red next the sun. FLESH firm, but not so much so as that of the Bigarreau, very sweet and rich. STONE middle-sized, ovate. :" * /\ : ::;•;•• :•• :• *•*•***••••• I* •••;"%•"•; J ' 93 KNIGHT'S EARLY BLACK CHERRY. Knight's Early Black. Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 211 ; vol. iv. p. 510. Fruit Cat. no. 69. If we were called upon to state specifically the difference between this and the Black Tartarian Cherry, we should certainly be unable to do so; but, at the same time, we should not be the less of opinion that they were distinct. It is well known to fruit-growers, that slight shades of difference, fleeting characters which words are unequal to ex- press, often alone distinguish varieties materially different from each other as objects of cultivation. In figure, size, colour, and flavour, this is nearly identical with the Black Tartarian, but it has the rare merit of ripening earlier ; on a south aspect it will be ripe by the middle of June, so that it is even earlier than the May-Duke. The beauty of the fruit is attested by the accompanying figure ; its flavour is equal to that of most Cherries. This was raised by Mr. Knight, about 1810, from seed of the Graffion impregnated by the May-Duke; the same parentage as the Black Eagle and the Waterloo. BRANCHES spreading, brown, with a grayish cuticle. LEAVES oblong, pendulous, nearly flat, of thin texture, with unusually prominent veins beneath. VOL. II. N FLOWERS middle-sized. PETALS somewhat im- bricated. FRUIT large, blunt, heart-shaped, with an un- even surface like that of the Black Tartarian; but it is less pointed, and has a thicker, shorter stalk, which is rather deeply inserted. SKIN nearly black, shining. FLESH firm, juicy, very deep purple, rich and sweet. STONE small for the size of the fruit, and nearly round. \ 94 THE DEVONSHIRE QUARENDEN APPLE Devonshire Quarenden. Forsyth, no. 122. ed. 7. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 822. Hooker's Pomona Londinensis, no. 13. Red Quarenden, . of some Collections. Sack Apple There is no better Autumn Apple than this, either in point of productiveness, beauty, or excel- lent flavour. As a standard, its crop is always con- siderable ; and if cultivated as a dwarf, the appear- ance of the trees, laden with fruit, is even more an object of ornament than fruit-trees usually are. It is fit to gather in the month of August, and in most seasons will last till the end of September. It was sent from Devonshire to the Gardens about London, and was probably raised in that county, where it is extensively cultivated. WOOD moderately long, dark violet brown, woolly or downy, thinly and irregularly sprinkled with linear and roundish specks. LEAVES ovate -oblong, tapering to the point, irregularly serrated. PETIOLES rather more than an inch long. STIPULES somewhat falcate. FLOWERS opening early, pale, middle-sized. PETALS roundish concave. FRUIT middle-sized, oblate, or round, and de- pressed, the outline tolerably regular. EYE slightly or not at all depressed, entirely closed by the long segments of the calyx, and surrounded by little knobby excrescences. STALK thick, rather short, deeply inserted. SKIN of an uniform deep rich crimson, without any streaks ; greenish on the shaded side. FLESH greenish white ; when newly gathered, crisp, very juicy, sweet, mixed with a most agreeable acid. 95 THE NOBLESSE PEACH. Noblesse, of all English writers, beginning with Switzer in 1724. Noblest. Miller, no. 13. ed. 8. Mellish's Favourite, of the English Gardens. Double Montagne. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 48. For the following excellent account of this highly valued and most useful Peach, our work is indebted to Mr. Robert Thompson, Under Gar- dener in the Fruit Department of the Horticul- tural Society's Garden, to whom we have before had to express our obligations, which, indeed, ought to be repeated in every page. FLOWERS large, pale blush. LEAVES serrated, glandless. FRUIT large, in general of a roundish shape, somewhat hollow on the crown, with a small point ; frequently, however, the shape of the fruit varies on the same tree, being often a little elongated, with a larger point on the summit. SKIN slightly downy, marbled dull red next the sun, somewhat streaked with darker, breaking off in faint blotches towards the shaded side, which is pale yellowish green. FLESH white to the stone, from which it parts freely; melting and rich. STONE large, pale, ob- ovate, pointed. Ripens in the end of August or beginning of September. It is one of the principal sorts for forcing. The tree is hardy, and a good bearer. Switzer, in his " Practical Fruit Gardener," published in London in 1724, speaks thus of the Noblesse of his time : — " The Noblesse Peach, for largeness, good taste, and the hardiness and durableness of the tree, is not equalled, much less excelled, by any fruit we have in England ; perfectly agreeing with our soil and climate, as much as if it had been a native of our own. It succeeds the Montauban, and for size im- proves upon him. The flowers are of the whitish pale blush, and the leaves somewhat serrated. In short, it is the best Peach (take it altogether) of any we have had from France ; and a man that is content with, or has but room for a few, cannot do better than to plant the Montauban and Noblesse Peach, preferable to any other." Hence it appears that this celebrated variety is of French origin, and yet it is singular that it has not hitherto been identified with any thing in the modern French Gardens. This has induced me to put toge- ther the following remarks : — The Noblesse Peach is in the section of " serra- ted glandless leaves, large flowers, melters," of Mr. Lindley's classification. The French include in this section, according to the " Bon Jardinier," the Avant- P£che Blanche (White Nutmeg, Miller), Madeleine Blanche, de Malte, Madeleine de Courson, Car- dinal e, d'Ispahan, and Nain. The three last are peculiar sorts, not generally cultivated, nor does the merit of their fruit deserve that they should be ; and the first is only cultivated for its precocity. The Madeleine de Courson is bright red aext the sun, and mottled with small dots towards the shaded side, not marbled with blotches like the Noblesse, and its flesh is red at the stone. The P£che de Malte, as the French likewise admit, has an affinity to the Madeleine Blanche or Mon- tagne Blanche, and to these the Noblesse is nearly allied, by its colour outwardly, the nature and colour of its flesh, and in being also white to the stone ; but it is nevertheless different, being larger. The Double Montagne has been proved syno- nymous to the Noblesse. Knoop describes the Madeleine Blanche, and admits it to be the same as that called in the Low Countries the Montagne Blanche. He also describes the Double Montagne, but speaks of it with more uncertainty. He states it to be a clingstone ; but this he does of many others well known to be melters. In Mayer's Pomona Franconica, vol. ii. p. 234, the Avant-Peche Blanche of Duhamel, and the White Nutmeg of Miller, is stated to be called in Holland " La Montagne ;" but this is contrary to the statement of Knoop before referred to ; and after he describes the Madeleine Blanche as " une grande et belle P£che," he would not mistake the White Nutmeg for it, when he says, " Je pense que cette sorte est la m£me qu'on appelle dans ce pays-ci la Montagne Blanche, a cause que la de- scription de cette derniere sorte est enticement con- forme a celle-ci." It appears, therefore, from the above authorities, that the Montagne and Madeleine Blanche are the same. The " Montagne Double" is, without doubt, a larger variety of the " Montagne Simple ;" as may reasonably be inferred from the sense in which double is used in the Netherlands, of which the fol- lowing examples, among many others, are found in Knoop's Pomology : — In Cherries, there is the Griotte Double ou Grande, and Griotte Simple. Also, Pomme de Pa- radis Rouge et Double — " C'est une grande Pomme:" Pomme de Paradis Rouge et Simple — " Cette Pomme ne differe de la pr6ce*dente qu'en ce qu'elle est plus petite, mais c'est toujours la m£me sorte." Plums — Mirabelle Vert Double, and Mirabelle Vert Simple, ou Petit Damas, &c. According to the French authors, there are many sorts of Peaches, the stones of which reproduce nearly similar varieties. In Noisette's Manuel Complet du Jardinier, p. 477, it is stated that all the trees of the Madeleines (which are very much of the nature of the Noblesse) give the same sort from the stone, or varieties which differ little. It is also remarked, that the seedlings of the Peach-tree give, generally, very good fruits, especially if from the Madeleine, Grosse Mignonne, or Admirable. From all this, I think we are justified in con- cluding, that if the Noblesse Peach is in cultiva- tion in France, it must be included among their Madeleine Blanche Peaches. To the Noblesse are closely allied Ford's Seed- ling, Sulhamstead, Cambray, Montauban, Van- guard. The Noblesse of the Americans appears, from Coxe's account of it, to be very different from ours. iT&fy f^f^,' • 96 THE WHITE ASTRACAN APPLE. White Astracan. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 23, Transparent de Moscovie . . 7 ^ , „,, , J- of foreign Gardens. Glace de Zelande . ..} • Pyrus Astracanica. Dumont Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2. vol. v. p. 426. Decand. Prodr. vol. iL p. 635. The waxy secretion called bloom, which has been wisely provided by nature for protecting the delicate cuticle of many succulent fruits, such as Plums, Grapes, and others, is scarcely found in the Apple and Pear, or at least only in very minute quantity. In Apples, however, there are a few ex- ceptions to this ; and, what is extremely remarkable, almost exclusively among varieties cultivated in Russia. For instance, the Apple called by Mr. Kirke the Duchess of Oldenburg, which is known to be of Russian origin ; the Emperor Alexander ; and the subject of this article, with some others, are covered with a coating of bloom as copious and delicate as that of the most beautiful Plum. Independently of this, the White Astracan Apple possesses the singular property of becoming transparent when ripe, a circumstance which is well known to occur in a variety of Crab, but which is very rare among Apples. It is on all these accounts, we presume, that the foreign writers whom we have above cited have been induced to consider this a distinct species of Pyrus, in which they are un- questionably wrong. The White Astracan is a hardy tree, and a good bearer; but quite a Summer Apple, ripening in August, and keeping only a few days. When newly gathered it is delicious. It has been introduced from Russia, where it is cultivated ; it is even said to grow wild about Astracan, — a statement which requires confirma- tion. It was first brought into notice by Mr. At- kinson. FLOWERS middle-sized, white, dashed with pink, opening early. WOOD clear reddish chestnut colour, strong, with very little down. LEAVES expanding very early, ovate, taper- pointed, and bluntly serrated, beneath slightly pubescent. STIPULES small, linear-lanceolate. FRUIT middle-sized, roundish, angular at the sides, and ribbed at the apex. EYE depressed in a small cavity. STALK thick, and very short. SKIN smooth, greenish white, with a few faint streaks on the sunny side. FLESH snow-white, tender, juicy, crisp, very pleasant and delicate. INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. The names in Roman letters are those adopted in this Work ; the names in Italics are synonyms, or only referred to. APPLES. Aurore 69 Barcelona Pearmain 85 Beachamwell Seedling ... 82 Bell's Scarlet 62 Canadian Reinette 77 Capendu 66 Christ's Golden Reinette 84 Copmanthorpe Crab ib. Cornish Aromatic 58 Courtpendu 66 Courtpendu Flat ib. Dainty .' 53 Devonshire Quarenden 94 Dutch Mignonne 84 English Pippin 69 Fearn's Pippin 67 Forman's Crew 89 Glace Rouge 85 Glace de Zelande 96 Golden Reinette 69 Grune Reinette 86 Hoary Morning 53 Hunt's Nonpareil 85 Janurea 77 Kleiner Casseler Reinette ,... 85 Knight's Codlin 80 Longville's Kernel 63 Lovederfs Pippin 86 Martin Nonpareil 79 Motteux's Seedling 82 Nonpareil 86 Nonpareil d'Angleterre ib. Old Nonpareil ib. Portugal 77 Prager 81 Pyrus Astracanica 96 Red Quarenden 94 Reinette de Canada 77 de Canada Blanche ib. .. Grosse de Canada ib. de Canada a Cotes ib. de Caen ib. r- Dorte 84 . .- Rouge *•. 85 Rousse ib. Reinette des Carmes 85 • Nonpareil 86 Ross Nonpareil 90 Sack 94 Sam's Crab 63 Scarlet Pearmain 62 Scarlet Nonpareil 87 Speckled Golden Reinette 85 Summer Golden Pippin 50 Sykehouse Russet 81 Transparent de Moscovie 96 White Astracan ib. Wormsley Pippin 80 Wyker Pippin 69 Yellow German Reinette . . ib. CHERRIES. Elton , 92 Knight's Early Black 93 GRAPES. Black Cluster 56 Farineux Noir ib. FromentK ib. Maurillon-Taconn6 ib. Meunier ib. Miller's Burgundy ib. Noirin ib. Resseau ib. Savagnien Noir ib. NECTARINES. Common Elruge 49 Early Violet 68 Elruge 49 Large Scarlet 68 Lord Selsey's Elruge ib. Petite Violette H&tive ib. Violet ib. Violette Hative ib. INDEX. NUTS. Cosford 55 Frizzled Filbert 70 PEACHES. Sourdine 73 Cambray. 95 Chancellor 61 Double Montague 95 Ford's Seedling ib. La Royale 73 Late Admirable ib. Madeleine Blanche 95 Mellish's Favourite ; . . . ib. Montauban '.... ib. Noblesse ib. Noblest.... ib. President , 54 Royal 73 Sulhamstead 95 Tetonde V6nus 73 Vanguard 95 PEARS. Bergamotte de la Pentecote 78 Beurre Epine 88 Bern-re Ranee ib. Beurre d'Aremberg 83 Beurr£ Blanc 60 Beurre-colmar Gris 64 Beurre de Capiaumont 59 Beurr£ d* Hiver de Bruxelles 78 Bezy Chaumontel ib. Bonne Ente 60 Capiaumont 59 Carlisle : 60 Chapman* s 64 Citron des Carmes 51 Citron de Septembre 60 Colmar Epineux 64 Dagobert 65 Die weisse herbst butterbirne 60 Doyennt Blanc ib. Doyenne Gris 74 Doyennt