‘VoL, XI, ‘No. oe a A POPULAR : ___DIscRIPTON OF THE. COMMON | . OREGON FERNS ee Wf A \ Contribution from the ereatiun of the | ee U Perens of Oregon aoe “Published Tonthly by tne Vaeeae of Grheen: aud entered. at the post” BS ; A office in user’ Orson, as second- Suess matter. i MORO RTARM. o..- A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMON OREGON FERNS A Contribution from the Herbarium of the University of Oregon SALEM, OREGON: STATE PRINTING DEPARTMENT 1913 525 Os 4 Q (WnYOsiDIIS WNIYINALO J) NYG Ad Vuo ' (unuoiMBava WMYIRMOT) “NHYAA AHdAdVYD A Popular Description of the Common Oregon Ferns FOREWORD. The systematic descriptions are taken largely from a thesis presented in 1910 for the degree of Bachelor of Arts by Hannah Maude Kenworthy. The pen and ink drawings were done by Ruth M. Howell, assist- ant in the Department of Botany, University of Oregon. The planning and editing and the making of the photographs were the work of Albert Raddin Sweetser, the head of the Botanical Department. DESCRIPTION. While the plan is to produce a popular bulletin and scientific terms will be sparingly used, yet it will be necessary to employ a few in the descriptions. The parts of the fern are the leaf or frond; the leaf-stalk or stipe; the underground portion, the stem or rhizome, and the fine fiber-like roots. In our ferns all the part above ground is frond and stipe, although in some cases these attain great size. If the frond is divided into distinct portions, each is called a pinna. When the pinnae occur in two rows, one on each side of the continuation of the stipe, such an arrangement is called pinnate and the continuation of the stipe rachis. Example: the Sword Fern. Should the divisions not extend to the rachis, although they may approximate very closely to it, such a condition would be designated as pinnatifid. If the pinnae are again completely divided each division is called a pinnule and the frond is said to be twice pinnately compound. Example: Athyrium, Lady Fern. When the pinnules are completely divided the frond is said to be thrice pinnate or ternate. Example: Pteris, or Common Brake. Various combinations may occur; e. g., a frond may be once pinnate but the pinnae only partly divided or pinnatifid. The maidenhair presents a peculiar case of division by equal forking, two or more times, repeated but the ultimate pinnules have a pinnate arrangement. NON-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION. On the back of the frond, or on specially modified fronds, at certain seasons may be found the fruit dots or sori. If a sorus is examined with a hand magnifying glass it will be found to consist of a cluster of small sacks (sporangia) containing spores. The spores serve something the purpose of the seeds of the higher plants but are markedly different in structure. The sorus may be destitute of any covering or may be provided with an indusiwm. This usually covers the sorus, though in some cases it is beneath it. The peculiarities of the indusium are made use of in classifying the ferns. A concrete example will make all the points clearer. Plate I, Fig. A, shows the back of the tip of our common brake or pteris. On open poor ground it is often less than a foot in height while in damp woods with rich soil the leaves are often twelve to fourteen feet. If we imagine a section cut across the leaf in the direction (ab) and examined on end with the low power of a microscope it would appear as in Fig. B. 4 A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF We should notice the mid rib (m), the indusium formed by the curling over of the margin of the leaf, and under the indusium the sporangia. Fig. C is a drawing of a sporangium enlarged. It consists of a stalk (s), carrying at its end a sort of sack whose covering is a single layer of plate-like cells. On one edge is a row of ceils with thick walls, annulus (an). On the opposite edge a few thin walled cells which separate easily, forming an opening (m), the mouth. Within the sporangium are the spores. As the sporangium dries, contraction takes place and the point (m) being weakest a break takes place opening the mouth. At the same time the annulus straightens with more or less of a snap, scattering the spores to some distance. If the spores meet with favorable conditions they germinate. Plate II illustrates a number of stages of this growth. At first the spore sends out a little root (r) and a short chain of cells (p). These continue to differentiate, becoming flat and leaf-like, Fig. F. This leaf-like form is known as a prothallus and often is a quarter of an inch or more across. The spore disappears, the prothallus becomes attached by little root-like outgrowths and on its under side develops bottle-shaped egg cases containing a single egg each, and spherical sperm cases containing numerous sperms which have the power of locomotion by means of vibrating threads attached to one end. When the eggs and sperms are ripe a single sperm passes down to the egg in its case. The egg and the sperm each contains a still more microscopic portion called the nucleus in which, it is believed, reside hereditary characteristics. The union of the sperm Pie B. THE COMMON OREGON FERNS D with the egg brings about a mingling of these characteristics, and is called fertilization. From this fertilized egg the new fern grows. ANALYTICAL KEY. It is customary to divide the plant kingdom into four groups: 1. The Spermatophytes or Seed Plants; 2. The Pteridophytes or Fern Plants; 3. The Bryophytes or Moss Plants; 4. The Thallo- phytes or the remaining lower forms. Sometimes the first group is spoken of as Phenogam, meaning evident marriage, because the method of reproduction is clearly seen. The last three would be called Cryptogams or hidden mar- riage, because by the earlier botanist the reproduction was not well understood, although it is now perfectly clear. Pteridophyte is a compound of two Greek words meaning fern and plant. This group includes a number of plants beside the true ferns such as the Horsetail Rushes, the Club Mosses and others, but this Bulletin will concern itself only with the common true ferns of Oregon. Species not herein described will be appreciated so that they may be included at another time. Send a specimen to the Herbarium of the University. The use of the key is based on a series of choices and elimina- tions. The drawings in the key are intended to make clear the possible selections. The alternative is always between things of the same order; e. g., the first choice is between A and AA, then B or BB, and so on. Nearly all the technical words are explained in the preceding description. If not, a glossary of terms is to be found, just before the index. Plate JL. 6 A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF ANALYTICAL KEY. A. Fronds distinctly of two kinds. B. Sporangia borne in clusters or spikes. b. Frond simple. Ophioglossum Page 11 bb. Frond pennately divided or compound. Botrychium Page 11 Re | PEP 1 6 ; Le BB. Sporangia borne on back of i ee are p SER aYy modified frond. Br ze ' b. Frond once pinnate or pinnatifid. baa Struthiopteris : id | Page 11 a Hi x a "4 ie prt LD | ese | ae . u (FA 4 THE COMMON OREGON FERNS bb. Frond twice or three times pinnate. Cryptogramma ieevexe Til AA. Fronds all alike, sporangia borne on back or margin of frond. B. Sori covered with indusia. C. Sori marginal, covered with reflexed portion of margin of frond. id. Indusium continuous. e. Fronds usually clustered. f. Fronds smooth. Pellaea Page 11 ff. Fronds wooly. Cheilanthes Page 13 ee. Fronds usually solitary. Pteris Page 13 d. Indusium discontinuous. Adiantum Page 13 CC. Sporangia provided with special indusia. d. Indusia roundish. e. Indusia heart-shaped. Dryopteris Page 13 A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF ee. Indusium shield-shaped, centrally attached. Polystichum Page 15 eee. Indusium convex, attached by broad vase partly under sorus. Filix Page 15 eeee. Indusium inferior, stellate. Woodsia Page 15 dd. Sori linear. e. Sori parallel to midrib. Woodwardia Page 15 ee. Sori oblique to midrib. f. Fronds pinnate, sori oblong. Asplenium Page 15 THE COMMON OREGON FERNS 9 ff. Fronds bipinnate, sorl curved. Athyrium Page 17 BB. Sori naked. C. Sori roundish; aot usual- ly more than twice as long as broad. d. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid or ternate. Phegopteris Page 17 dd. Fronds once pinnatifid. Polypodiumn Page 17 CC. Sori lmear: Ceropteris Page 17 A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF 10 (qupords s14y9azdoryins1g ) NUGd PHA (saproyoyjsoL1on DiUwnwho2dh1O) HMVUE MOOU-NYAA AW ISUVd THE COMMON OREGON FERNS alist OPHIOGLOSSUM. Adder Tongue. Sporangia naked and borne in a simple or compound spike, when ripe opening by a transverse slit. The sterile frond simple. (The scientific name is composed of two Greek words, snake and tongue, referring to the simple spike of sporangia.) Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Found in Washington and California but not as yet reported in Oregon. Probably present. BOTRYCHIUM. Grape Fern. Moonwort. Sporangia same as in ophioglossum but the sterile frond divided or compound. (From a Greek word meaning grapes, because of grape-like cius- ter of sporangia.) Sterile and fertile frond distinct from the base. Common in marshes and wet ground. B. silaifolium Presl. Sterile and fertile frond united for a considerable distance. As yet only reported from high altitudes in Eastern Oregon. B. virginianum (L.) Swartz. STRUTHIOPTERIS. Ostrich Fern. Deer Fern. Fronds of two kinds but the fertile evidently composed of con- tracted pinnules with typical sporangia on the under side. Sterile frond narruw, pinnate and shorter than the fertile. (From the Greek struthos, an ostrich and pteris, a fern.) Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weiss. Abundant on the coast and in the mountains. Occasionally found in other parts of the state. CRYPTOGRAMMA. Rock Brake. Parsley Fern. Fronds of two kinds, the fertile frond of evident pinnules whose in-rolled margins form the indusium. Sterile frond twice or three times pinnate. (From Greek cryptos, hidden, gramma, a line, referring to the arrangement of the sporangia in lines which are hidden by the indusium, ) Found growing in clefts of rocks. C. acrostichoides PELLAHA. Cliff Brake. Sori at the tips of veins, when mature forming a marginal line; covered by an indusium formed of the reflexed margin of the frond. Clustered, growing on rocks and cliffs. (From Greek pellos, meaning dusky or dark and referring to the dark color of the stipe.) Fronds once pinnate, pinnae short-stalked 6-12 pairs. High mountains. P. breweri D. C. Eaton Fronds twice pinnate. Stipes purplish-brown. Pinnae several pairs, pinnules numerous. As yet only reported from South- ern Oregon. P. brachyptera (Moore) Baker Fronds thrice pinnate. Stipes densely placed, wiry, dark chest- nut-brown. Sometimes a few sterile fronds are present. P. densa Hook. Oregon Cliff Brake POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF A 12 (psuap van)}1adq) AxNMVUd AHIIO (VdamMea LQ 020)107) THE COMMON OREGON FERNS 13 PTERIS. Brake. Bracken. Fronds thrice pinnate. Sori on the edge of pinnules forming an unbroken line. Indusivum continuous and formed by the in- curled margin of frond. Usually solitary; at least not in dense clusters. (From Greek pteros, a wing, which became to mean a fern from the wing-like structure of frond of fern. P. aquilina L. The Eagle Brake This with its varieties is widely distributed throughout North America and the Old World, in Oregon often becoming a trou- blesume weed in the fields. ADIANTUM. Maidenhair, Frond forking by twos. Sori on margin covered by a discon- tinuous indusium formed by the inrolled edge of frond. (From the Greek meaning not to moisten. Referring to the difficulty of wetting the fronds. This can be prettily shown by dipping a frond beneath clear water and noting the silvery appear- ance due to air on the frond shut in by the water.) A. pedatum Rich moist forests everywhere in the state. CHEILANTHES. Lip Fern. Lace Fern. Sori near the ends of veins, roundish at first but running some- what together in age. Indusium of reflexed margin of sorus dis- continuous ocr continuous. Under side of frond in our species densely covered with a thick, wooly, rust-colored mat of hairs. (From Greek cheilos, a lip, and anthos, a flower, alluding to the lip-like indusium.) C. gracillima D. C. Eaton Lace Fern High mountains. DRYOPTERIS. Shield Fern. Sori round, mostly on the back of veins. Indusium heart-shaped with a crease or depression on one edge by which it is attached to the frond. (From Greek dryas, a tree, especially an oak tree because most of these thrive best in the woods.) The pinnules or ultimate leaflets all deeply divided or pinnatifid, the margins usually spiny. Fronds more or less triangular, broadest at base. Common in shady, moist woods, especially at sea level. Edges of indusium with or without gland-like hairs. D. spinulosa dilatata (L.) Ktz. Wood Fern The ultimate pinnules not deeply divided or at least only the lower ones. The indusium with minute gland-like hairs on upper side. Pinnules often doubly saw-toothed and spiny. Texture less delicate than the preceding. Common in Western Oregon. D. rigida (Hoffm.) Und. The indusium without gland-like hairs. Margin of pinnules often but slightly toothed and usually not as spiny. Sori nearer midvein than the margin. Common. D. filix-mas (L.) Scott. Male fern A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF 14 . a a (MUyINDD sr 491d) EMV (wnjgopad wnjunipy) UGIVH NAUCIVIA THE COMMON OREGON FERNS 15 POLYSTICHUM. Sword Fern. Evergreen ferns growing in clusters. Sori round generally borne on the back of the veins. Indusium shield-shaped and fixed at the center only. (From Greek poly, many, and stikes, a row. Some species have sori in more than one row.) Fronds once pinnate. Leaf-stalk long. Under favorable conditions the frond reaches a height of four feet or more. The pinnae are curved like a sword and have a single large tooth on the upper edge of each pinna near the midrib. The margins of the pinnae are beset with bristle-pointed teeth. One of our most common forms. P. munitum (Kauif.) Presl. Leaf-stalk short. Much resembling the former but not as tall. Pinnae more closely placed. More common in East- ern Oregon. P. lonchitis (L.) Roth. Holly Fern Fronds once pinnate but pinnae pinately lobed at base. Moun- tains. P. scopulinum (Eaton) Maxon FILIX. Bladder Fern. Sori roundish, on the back of free veins which are not parallel to the midrib. Indusium inconspicuous, hooded, attached partly under the sorus, soon withering away. ‘Common throughout the state. F. fragilis (L.) Und. WOODSIA. Sori round, produced on free, simple forking veins. Indusium attached wholly under the sorus, breaking and becoming star-like and soon hidden beneath the sporangia and disappearing. (Named after Woods, an English botanist.) We have two species in Oregon which are difficult to separate. Under side of frond, midrib and stipe covered with soft flattened hairs. W.scouplina D.C. Eaton. Rocky Mountain Woodsia. Frond, midrib and stipe smooth. Divisions of the indusium finer than the preceding and consisting of few beaded hairs. W. oregana D. C. Eaton. Oregon Woodsia WOODWARDIA. Chain Fern. Sori oblong, in chain-like rows,on veins parallel to width of pinnae. (Named for Woodward, an English botanist.) The Oregon form is found mostly in the Southern part of the state and is one of the most magnificient of North American ferns. W. radicans (L.) Sm. ASPLENIUM. Spleenwort. Fronds once pinnate. Sori linear, oblong, oblique to midrib of pinna, straight and attached to the upper side of a vein. Rachis or midrib brown. Fronds linear, evergreen. Sori oblong, commonly three on each side of the midvein. Moist rocks and shaded cliffs. A. trichomanes L. Maiden-hair spleenwort Rachis or midrib green. Only rarely seen and at high altitudes. A. viride Hudson AY PORUWAK DiS CREPLION, OF 16 (nsojnuids sisazdohaqg) Bn 5 mera 3 TF iD ‘NYHA GOO Mi Etre a MA (nu Noni soyyunneyO) “NAAT AVI i | i | \ \ THE COMMON OREGON FERNS ef ATHYRIUM. Fronds bi-pinnate, usually tapering in both directions and widest at middle. Sori oblong and oblique to midvein. In moist ground, becomes dwarfed at high altitudes. A. cyclosorum Rupr. Western Lady-fern PHEGOPTERIS. Beech Fern. Sori always without indusia, round. Frond twice or thrice pin- nate or pinnatifid, or tenate. (From the Greek phagus, an oak or beech, and pteris, a fern.) Fronds twice pinnate, pinnules pinnatifid. Cliffs at high eleva- tions. P. alpestris (Hoppe) Mott. Alpine Beech Fern Fronds thrice divided, each division pinnate and the pinnae pin- natifid. Pinnae on the lower side the larger. Common in damp woods. P. dryopteris (L.) Fee. Oak Fern POLYPODIUM. The Polypod. Sori always naked, roundish. Fronds of our species once pinnate or pinnatifid. (From Greek poly, many, podos, foot, referring to its numerous underground stems.) Fronds thick, leathery and broad, divisions extend almost to mid- rib. At the coast on decaying logs or living trees. Root- stock creeping. P. scouleri Hook. Leather-leaf Polypod Division of frond longer and more or less acute. Rootstock ereeping. Very common and varied. Often found on maple _ trees. _R._occidentalis (Hook) Maxon. Licorice Fern Divisions of frond short and blunt. Sori large, nearly covering the under side of pinnae. Prefers the rocks of mountains. P. hesperium Maxon. Mountain Polypod CEROPTERIS. Indusium wanting, sori elongated, following course of the vein- lets, often branched. (From Greek ceros, meaning wax, and pteris, a fern.) Fronds pinnate, lower pinnae bi-pannatifid. Under surface cov- ered with a yellowish dust passing to white. Sporangia borne in long lines breaking through the powder when ripe. On rocky hillsides. C. triangularis (Kaulf.) Und. Golden-back Fern. Tri- angularis is in reference to the triangular-shaped leaf. A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF 18 (WWIZIUNIUW WNYIM4SlN}0_q) "NYG GYOMS (ppihis sisazdolrsg) ‘Nady GA THIHS THE COMMON OREGON FERNS il) SYNONYMS. The fern names used in this bulletin appear in black face type. Some have been described under other names, which appear in italic. Botrychium virginianum. (L.) Sw. Schrad. Osmunda virginiana—L. Sp. Pl. 2. Botrychium silaifolium. Botrychium occitentale—Underw. Bull. Torr. Ceropteris triangularis. (Kaulf.) Gymnogramme triangularis—(Kaulf.) Gymnopteris triangularis—U nderwood. Dryopteris spinulosa. (Hoffm.) Underw. Native ferns. Polypodium dilatum—(Hoffm.) Deutsch. Aspidium spinulosum—(Hook.) Brit. Dryopteris filix-mas. (L.) Schott. Polypodium filix-mas—L. Sp. Aspidium filix-mas—Sw. Schrad. Filix fragilis. Underwood. Polypodium fragile—L. Sp. Cystopteris fragilis—Bernh. Schrad. Pellala densa, (Brack.) Hook. Sp. Onychium densum—Brack. Phegopteris dryopteris, (L.) Fée. Polypodium dryopteris—L. Sp. Phegopteris alpestris. (Hoppe.) Mett. Polypodium alpestre—Hoppe. Polypodium occidentale. (Hook.) Maxon. Polypodium ulgare occidentale—Hook. Polypodium faleatuwm—Kellog. Polypodium scouleri. Hook. & Grev. Polypodium pachyphyllum—D. C. Eaton Polystichum lonchitis. (L.) Roth. Aspidium lonchitis—Sw. Schrad. Polystichum scopulinum. (Eaton.), Maxon. Aspidium aculeatum scopulinum—Eaton. © Polystichum munitum. (Kaulf.) Aspidium munitum—Kaulf. Enum. Struthiopteris spicant. (L.) Weiss. Osmunda spicant—L. Sp. Lomaria spicant—Desv. Mag. Blechnum doodiodes—Hook. Woodsia oregana. Eaton. Woodsia obtusa lyalii—Hook. ICON SIVAN aY, IDID S\Olecie sD KOI) ONE POLYSTICHUM SCOPULINUM (Polystichum lonchitis) HOLLY FERN. THE COMMON OREGON FERNS 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY. EKaton—Ferns of North America. Underwood—Cur Native Ferns. Piper—Cnheck-list of Flora of the State of Washington. Clute—Fern Bulletin. Britton and Brown—Flora of Northern States. Waters—Ferns. OF A POPULAR “DESCRIP ION ™ Ol (nuyndoos pispoom) “VISTOOM NIVINOOW AMOOU (syvonAl LY) NOGA DACA VW Ta THE COMMON OREGON FERNS 23 GLOSSARY. Fertile—Bearing spores. Frond—Leaf of a fern. Gland—A cell, usually a hair, that yields a secretion. Habit—General appearance of a plant. Habitat—The locality in which a plant grows; also its distribution. Indusium—The thin membrane covering a fruit dot. Inferior—Attached below; said of an indusium below the sporangia. Linear—Long and narrow, with parallel margins. Pinna—First division of a pinnate frond. Pinnate—Divided into leaflets along a common stalk. Pinnatifid—When the divisions do not extend to the rachis or midrib. Rachis—The continuation of the stipe through a compound frond. Reflexed—Abruptly bent or turned backward. Rhizome—Underground stem. Simple—Not lobed or forked. Sorus—A fruit dot. Sporangium—A spore case. Sterile—Not bearing spores. Stellate—Star-shaped. Stipe—Stem of a frond. Superior—Higher, applied to indusia that are attached above the sorus. Ternate—Having three main segments. (SaUnUWwOYyaIs, wWniwoalds VF ) LYHOMNAW TIS dive NACIVIN (SUDIIPDAL DIPADIVpOO M4 ) ‘NYGa NIVHO 5, A a . Lah ig og Ais Ae SOLLA, Ly ee atl SEN ae Ke i RSS eae A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF Ne} is THE COMMON OREGON FERNS (siuzsadyyn sivazdobay qf) NOW HOWE ANId TV (UNMOSOJONI Wn YLP ) NYA AC VL A POPULAR DESCRIPTION OF (wwaynoos wnipodhiod) ‘dOdA1Od AVY T-YHHLV AT (s1.lazdoruap s1.aydobayd) ‘NYHA SVO wt ™ FERNS OREGON THE COMMON ( (s} ADINDUDY A } Sl. t a1dou Va € 10) ) NU lg i | HCL Ho IV Cl”. [ON (ayy .Wap? t 9) 90 Ub npodht 10 d) “NUGL HT WOrdOo!” I 28 IX IFAOIMUI bey IDIDISO1 INS IMKO IN| Ole INDEX. Descrip- TlJustra- tion tion Adiantum— 1D. SUT i oe a Re Celle FC at 1 EN hala Una bce wEL 133 14 cAd oA WESC 6 Clan MRE Ia ce Ei pie ale ILS eas Leva tea ae poe ch te 17 PA) Asplenium— ETN CIN OWING Sete oe 2 Us eae th ale lia ee NEA Fe een Sst eh bee ae 15 24 aI KSHV: Seapnes wege ER BONE neta ee ll Se i hal NN AN Gee er tan ge BRITE oe 115) Athyrium— EMCO SO TAUNTS te soe oD A ee Nek A eee ge Sen Gee ERE 17 25 RETR CUS Sar ese hee Sh aes es ee ee AN ue np es Sek 15 2m, Botrychium— SHULS HERG) NUD Na agent ae ethene writ EAR Merely Le oo keene te Nay Le te iil 2 Val Te OPIN ING eee A AS ee ret Aaah eee Leas IR he em OO RS 11 2 Brake Site eee ee See NE EEE ene eRe e Eee oh prise Uo one Annan see 13 14 Ceropteris— LETRLEV ASU ARTEMIS a ts eS ete se DOCU NE) C0 EE a Ge aL ene 7 2 ners Tee rea an cle ali Deh ee tet cyt en eae rte eet - oe mR 15 24 Cheilanthis— Ye GAIA TOME es eee eee ed atte NA Ghd, Wruetene aires Ok) opm eM ND SU og evenies OM 13 16 GS bitietee eS earn eS Uae at eaAC Mealac ake ale ee eas ee ee Se en a 11 12 Cryptogramma— ACROSUICIMO UGE S ra esi eee a) Ne Oa eeu PRS ye Bane UG alam 14 10 TDYEXSTO TESA 2) clue el sateanines eee Wale ane RD Rese te er Cece Au ti te Na he il 10 Dryopteris— Tel LI, NA CST Sates never Wry agus Sit Sy ee Sp RPE SANA By Sap ie Foe MMe: HIN rat ae DR a 13 CIEE CUBS a= ik Sale Men er © Cyne erat Ve Unga neg) onl Ua irae 13 18 spinulosa .....- BL asl pS eae 2 Pre are RN AL CaM Voie tr aC StS Oe 13 16 Hilix— ATG ATI ETESS tate copen rea eS a pa ea IAN ae RL oe a Wn UN Na LW Ce moe 15 22 Golaabalcledy ihe eke EL Me yearn i Ue ON UG eta aed ee il’ 74h (GRA SpE Ten gee ee wie A el GS DW i eee eo else aerate aimee ii 2 TERIOUUI Ae TECTIA) ee eeee en hore emeermee siga eRPeA ee oie eran aber UN Spc Aile pee ERE ee 1S 20 NTE AG Celi Tela ec Se dh NET NSM Ae Re NO SEO pee Barly Ra eee a 13 16 Meatheraleate sk Oly O Giese. vena gene Fat vera ent ees Seas nar 26 ETE @ OVS T © se ail aera te ex eee Ee a NTS a cet ENG Ue REL ey Alacra 17 2% TIEN ORVAS HST EN at ae aae Ao ae Pe ee re ta ce EAT en lg cytes. hun eer oad A 8 on SY 17 25 IMME WO leeal loveliG teal reas seer eevee SWENSON ree a) Well oN Gane ens ete ts cE es 14 Naidenmhaninvcpleeiniw Ort i225 28. 2 ee ee eed 115) 24 HW Teva Saas ai ares sas we ia et Rented ER NUCL ete bP, DE LENIN Die aC 13 VEO Cia Gain MeuE Olliyato.@ Clit sh ees ee ee eee I eee UN ge al ER ae eo 7 (WE arm raya pier ee aL GAN eR ee RICA oa ie Ms UE cer aS ar Ue eG 26 Ophioglossum— Nis URAL ra et sce Se ws Se ee ee RE oo ete ee 11 IPA Sense ie rink ole Se ee ae ea eS en ae ad Lae ial 10 THH COMMON OREGON FERNS 29 INDE X—CONTINUED. Descrip- T)Justra- tion tion Pellaea— [DIC UCI TOW ae OE De ie eo ng ga Be et a ea Ue AT Wea 11 LOTS CANVAC lle lamer eee cet ees eee tenet Ms Ves Ae EIN tt ee iy wae 11 12 CCAS ype Mane wien eel Mu el si EEE aoe UU 11 12 Phegopteris— BLOG TUS) eS care ie gel Ee el ee ean ee ee RR eR eee NE ey 17 25 CUES OPO UW SIC eh lina aoa eh ea a Ue SD hana en ee ete IL 26 Polypodium— NESTS TEL IN eho N7 UiS e c a Pee nC a E ee ae P a em 1.7 OCElCl etic hme tewres cake sce RR 6 ee Ce uth ee Reto aes IE ee ed i al SE OU Cielenernren cite Mentha eM kel te We amo Lah ote gE Be 7 26 Polystichum— HG TAMAR OVAL 1 Eee ee ee TEU ay Ue Pe ery Nn Gm 15 VTA VATS 255 aes Se eI Ne ee ene ei ANE SOE 8 15 20 FLATUINTAINT ULTRA NE rat eA eRe eee Lee tee ke Le a Se 15 18 SC OO NA tee ee UR c sey ee al ase Me a es. TW Loreen tee 15 20 Pteris— SAG ITUUIETTTGBY, » Magee Se aes ec aC ee dp MEDC TR OR hes Ru 1133 14 TROGIR «TRIE BRC) 735 bea ey, Pia gs i rea SED oN ee cps rene IR eta ila 10 VO Clavarnnouateartian VWiOOGSIA, 22:5 2.5). ee ee hee 15 22 STUNG! * TESTETT, sao i a es ora re ee gO Detar NES Ny Eh £3 18 Struthiopteris— SGD UCB ae ata pas a a a a ag er Cee 11 10 SHRPO@TEGL Svea eee BS: kek ie ee agra NA a oe ea ee erm oie 15 18 WOOGIE Ta pues oe oe re 2 ane ee ee UNL ny ae eee eine ee 13 16 W oodsia— TPC RENE Ns ert UIT ee eer re er Mee ene Veer 15 SOO OUTS a aS a ea er ees eRe UNS ORL a yer iy ee ae 15 22 W oodwardia— TBO AST MG eR ae ae es ate a eee Ce ee are me Ee 15 24 el eee 7 wel aie