BANCROFT LIBRARY <• THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ..;.'..' . . ;' : :. . , ', ' POPULAR FLORA BENVER, (COLORADO — i^i/ K!i_^ By ALICE EASTWOOD^ A,. POPULAR FLORA — :OF:— DENVER, COLORADO, ALICE EASTWOOD. SAN FRANCISCO: ZOE PUBLISHING COMPANY, P. O. BOX 2114. Issued May, 1898" PREFACE. This Flora was written with the sole aim of helping students to learn the names of the plants that grow around Denver. It has been made as simple as possible, and those characteristics only have been noted which seemed to separate any given species from allied forms. The localities are cited generally with exactness, so as to insure certainty. The accent marks will tell all that is needed about the pronunc'ation ; for with the accent correct it makes but little difference whether the English or continental pro- nunciation be used. For analytical keys and descriptions of orders and genera the student will have to consult a more complete manual; either <' Coulter's Rocky Mountain Botany " or some one of Gray's text-books. * Establishing the identity of a plant is the first step towards knowing it, though generally it becomes also the last. There should follow observations of its habits and environment ; the noting of the insect visitors, their ac- tions and results; comparison with other plants of the same species and with those of allied species to discover variation and detect relationships that may be unsuspected. This is a vast field of original work that has been so neglected that we are forced to admit that we know very little beyond the name of a plant. It is hoped that by facilitating that labor more time can be spared for the intimate acquaintance with the plants. No descriptions have been attempted in the more difficult orders be- cause they could not be made simple enough for beginners. The names will serve as a check list to those who know the species. As this list probably does not contain the names of all the plants grow- ing around Denver, and as new plants are continually being introduced, any- one who finds a plant that seems to be unrecorded will do a great favor by sending me a specimen in flower and fruit. " Gray's Manual " has been followed in regard to accentuation and no- menclature. I wish to acknowledge the kindness of Professor Crandall, of the State Agricultural College of Colorado, for the verification of the grasses. ALICE EASTWOOD. Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CaL FLORA OF DENVER. RANUNCULACEiE. (Crowfoot Family.) • i. Clematis ligusticifolia NUTT. (VIRGIN'S BOWER.) Climb- ing, dioecious, flowers white, akenes numerous, with feathery tails. " Common along Cherry Creek and .the Platte,on the plains in North Denver and in Perrin's Meadow. Summer and fall. 2. Anemone dichotoma L. ( WIND-FLOWER, ANEMONE.) Flowers large and white. Head of round carpels, globular. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek in damp, shady places. Summer. 3. Thalictrum Cornuti L. (MEADOW-RUE.) Reported by Miss E. Eaton from Clear Creek near Berkeley. 4. Myosurus minimus L. (MOUSETAIL.) Flowers incon- spicuous, spike of akenes elongating and slender. Near Montclair and in North Denver. Spring. 5. Ranunculus aquatilis L. (WHITE WATER-CROWFOOT.) Growing in ponds and streams with finely dissected leaves all under water. There are two varieties, one having the leaves rigid when withdrawn from the water and the other with leaves that collapse. Along Cherry Creek and the Platte. Spring to fall. 6. Ranunculus Cymbalaria PURSH. (STRAWBERRY CROW- FOOT.) Flowers small and yellow, stems sending out runners. Common along the ditches and ponds. Spring to autumn. 7. Ranunculus sceleratus L. (CURSED CROWFOOT.) Stems hollow and smooth, flowers small and yellow, akenes numer- (3) 4 Flora of Denver. ous and falling off readily when ripe. Growing in and near water, along the ditches, etc. Spring to autumn. 8. Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus L. (PENNSYLVANIAN CROWFOOT.) Bristly-hairy, yellow petals smaller than sepals, akenes in oblong heads. Growing near water, summer. 9. Ranunculus multifidus PURSH. Stems floating, petals yellow. This has been found along Clear Creek near Berke- ley by Miss E. Eaton. 10. Delphinium azureum MICHX- ( WHITE LARKSPUR.) Palmately dissected leaves mostly at base of stem, flowers white with ascend ing spurs. Common on the plains in early summer. 11. Delphinium bicolor NUTT. (BLUE LARKSPUR.) Flow- ers deep blue, roots clustered, small and fleshy and too readily separating from the stem. Rare along Cherry Creek. Spring. 12. Delphinium scopulorum GRAY. Tall, large blue flow- ers numerous. Found by Miss E. Eaton near Berkeley, on Clear Creek. Rare near Denver. PAP AVERAGES. (Poppy Family.) 13. Argemone platyceras LINK & OTTO. (MEXICAN POPPY.) Flowers large and white, glaucous leaves smooth, ex- cept for the prickles, and distinctly white veined. Common on the plains. Summer and autumn. 14. Argemone hispida GRAY. (BRISTLY POPPY.) Very bristly and hairy, leaves light green but not white-veined. More compact than the preceding and less common. Near Petersburg and Valverde on the plains. Summer. FUMARIACE^E. (Fumitory Family.) 15. Corydalis aurea WILLD. var. occidentals GRAY. (GOLDEN CORYDAL.) Racemes of odd-shaped, spurred, yellow Flora of Denver. 5 flowers, herbage smooth and glaucous, stems hollow, seeds shin- ing and black. Common along the North Denver and Val- verde hillsides above the Platte, Cherry Creek. Spring, sum- mer. CRUCIFER/E. (Mustard Family.) 16. Arabis hirsute SCOP. (HAIRY ROCK-CRESS.) Bien- nial, flowers inconspicuous, wingless seeds in one row in each cell of the ascending pods. Along the Platte. Spring, summer. 17. Arabis perfoliata LAM. Biennial,stem leaves glaucous and clasping by the sagittate base, pods erect with two rows of seeds in each cell. Along the Platte. Summer. 18. Arabis Holboellii HORNEM. Perennial, flowers larger, pods spreading downwards with two rows of seeds in each cell Along the Platte. Spring and summer. 19. Draba cuneifolia NUTT. (WHITLOW GRASS.) Low with stellate pubescence and small white flowers in racemes. Rare around Denver; on the plains in early spring. 20. Camelina sativa CRANTZ. (FALSE FLAX.) An intro- duced annual with small yellow flowers and numerous pear- shaped margined pods. Rare. Valverde, University Park. 21. Nasturtium officinale R. BR. (WATER CRESS.) The common water-cress found growing in the springs near the Platte and Cherry Creek. Introduced. 22. Nasturtium palustre DC. (MARSH CRESS.) Annual, erect, short pods tipped with a short style, leaves pinnately cleft and divisions cut toothed. There is also a low spreading form in fields. In wet places. 23. Erysimum asperum DC. (WESTERN WALL-FLOWER.) Flowers yellow in racemes, fragrant, pods long, four-sided, spreading horizontally. North Denver and Valverde hills, spring and summer. 6 Flora of Denver. 24. Sisymbrium canescens NUTT. (TANSY-MUSTARD.) Yellow flowers very small, pods in elongated racemes shorter than their pedicels. Seeds in two rows in each cell. Spring. Common. 25. Sisymbrium incisum ENGELM. Seeds in one row, pods usually longer than the spreading pedicels. Clear Creek. Found by Miss E. Eaton. 26. Sisymbrium officinale SCOP. (HEDGE-MUSTARD.) In- troduced along the Platte. Rare. 27. Brassica nigraKocn. (BLACK-MUSTARD.) Introduced. 28. Brassica campestris L. (TURNIP.) Introduced. 29. Capsella Bursa - pastoris MOENCH. (SHEPHERD'S PURSE.) Introduced. Common. 30. Lepfdium campestre BR. Introduced. One plant found at Valverde. Summer. 31. Lepldium intermedium GRAY. (PEPPER-GRASS.) Flowers inconspicuous, petals wanting or very small; round, flat emarginate pods numerous in racemes. Common on the plains in early summer. 32. Lesquere'lla Ludoviciana DC. (BLADDER-POD.) This is the Vesicaria Ludoviciana DC. of Coulter's Manual. Branch- ing from the base, stellately pubescent. Flowers yellow and pods obovate, globose. On the plains. Common in Cherry Creek bottom near Broadway Bridge. Spring and summer. 33. Physaria didymocarpa GRAY. (Twix-PoD.) Canes- cent, low and prostrate with many stems bearing numerous yellow flowers and large 2-celled inflated pods. Along the Platte at Valverde. Spring and summer. 34. Raphanus sativus L. The common radish introduced and running wild. Flora of Denver, 7 CAPPARIDACE^. (Caper Family.) 35. Polanisia trachysperma T. & G. (SKUNK-WEED.) Glandular flowers white with purple filaments, odor disagree- able, pods upright. Platte bottom in sandy places. Summer. 36. Cleome integrifolia T. & G. (BEE PLANT, RATTLE- WEED.) Tall and branching, flowers reddish-purple or rarely white, pods numerous, flattened, an inch or two long, hanging. Common. Summer and fall. VIOLACE^E. (Violet Family.) 37. Viola cucullata AIT. (BLUE VIOLET.) Round kidney- shaped leaves from a short root-stock. In damp places along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Spring. 38. Viola delphinifoliaNuTT. (LARksPUR-LEAVED VIOLET.) Flowers blue, leaves 5 to 7-parted, divisions cleft into linear lobes. Clear Creek near Berkeley. 39. Viola Canadensis L. (CANADIAN VIOLET.) Flowers white and pink, stem sometimes branching diffusely. Rare along the Platte near Overland Park. Spring. 40. Viola Nuttallii PURSH. (YELLOW VIOLET, JOHNNY- JUMP-UP.) Leaves lance-shaped. On the plains in early spring. CARYOPHYLLACE^. (Pink Family.) « 41. Silene antirrhina L. (SLEEPY CATCH-FLY.) Annual with viscid joints, petals small and pink, flowers opening for a short time in sunshine. Capsules large. Rare along the Platte. 42. Lychnis Drummondii WATSON. Rare along the Platte. Summer. 43. Cerastium arvense L. (MOUSE EAR CHICKWEED.) Flowers white with deeply indented petals, styles five, herbage .glandular. Clear Creek near Berkeley. 8 Flora of Denver. 44. Saponaria officinalis L. (BOUNCING-BET.) Introduced along the D. & R. G. track near Petersburg. v Summer. 45. Saponaria Vaccaria L. Smooth, diffusely branching, corolla pink, calyx enlarged and angled. Introduced, common around Denver. Summer. PORTULACACE^E. (Portulaca Family.) 46. Portulaca oleracea L. (PURSLANE.) Introduced, Common. 47. Talinum teretifolium PURSH. Leaves fleshy, round linear, flowers small and pink in a cyme. Along the Platte, North Denver near Argo, Riverside Cemetery. Summer. MALVACEAE. (Mallow Family.) 48. Sidaicea malvaeflora Mo9- & SESS. (PiNK MALLOW.) Branching from the base, flowers pink, carpels beaked. Rare along the Platte bottom. Summer. 49. Malvastrum coccmeum GRAY. (RED MALLOW.) Stel- lately pubescent, flowers light red. On the plains. Summer. 50. Malva rotundifolia L. (COMMON MALLOW.) Intro- duced in North Denver. • LINAGES. (Flax Family.) 51. Limim perenne L. (BLUE FLAX.) Rare around Denver. GERANIACE^. (Geranium Family.) 52. Geranium Fremdntii TORR. (WILD GERANIUM.) Vis- cid glandular, flowers pink. Along the Platte. Perrin's meadow. Summer. Rather rare. Flora of Denver. 9 53- Erodium cicutarium L'HER. (ALFILARIA.) Recently introduced around Denver. 54. Oxalis corniculata L. var. stricta SAV. (YELLOW Ox- ALIS.) Along the Platte and Cherry Creek near Berkeley. Summer. VITACE^. (Vine Family.) 55. vftis riparia MICHX. (WiLD GRAPE.) Along the Platte. 56. Ampelopsis quinquefolia MICHX. (WOODBINE.) Flow- ers small and green, fruit purple, leaflets five. Cherry Creek, along the Platte. SAPINDACE^:. (Maple Family.) 57. Negundo aceroides MCENCH. (Box-ELDER.) Along the Platte and Cherry Creek. ANACARDIACE^E. (Sumach Family.) 58. Rhus Toxicodendron L. (PoisoN-IvY OR POISON-OAK.) The form near Denver does not climb. Leaflets three. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek, sometimes along the ditches. 59. Rhus Canadensis MARSH var.trilobata GRAY. A strong scented shrub, flowers numerous, small and greenish *y el low, red fruit covered with a pleasantly acid coating. LEGUMINOS^. (Pulse Family.) 60. Thermopsis rhombifolia NUTT. Pods spreading, curved downwards. Cherry Creek along the Platte. Spring. 61. Thermopsis montana NUTT. This has been reported. 10 Flora of Denver. It can easily be distinguished from T. rhombifolia by the strictly upright pods. 62. Sophora sericea NUTT. Flowers white, pods com- pressed between the seeds. Common. Summer. ' ^63. Lupinusargenteus PURSH. (SILVERY LUPINE.) Peren- nial, diffusely branching, leafy, silky canescent, blue flowers in a somewhat thick raceme. Common. Summer. 64. Lupinus pusillus PURSH. (HAIRY LUPINE.) Annual, low, racemes short and dense, pod hairy and 2-seeded. In sandy places, North Denver and near Cherry Creek. Rather common'. Spring. 65. Trifolium pratense L (RED CLOVER.) Introduced. 66. Trifolium repens L. (WHITE CLOVER.) Introduced. 67. Trifolium hybridum L. (ALSIKE OR SWEDISH CLOVER.) Introduced sparingly. 68. Melilotusofficinalis WILLD. (YELLOW SWEET-CLOVER.) Introduced, rare. 69 Melilotus alba LAM. (SWEET-CLOVER.) Introduced, very common along the ditches. 70. Medicago sativa L. (ALFALFA, LUCERNE.) Intro- duced, common. 71. Psoralea tenuiflora PURSH. Diffusely branching, flow- ers blue, rarely white; pod one-seeded, glandular. Summer and fall. Common on the plains. 72. Psoralea lanceolata PURSH. Erect, branching from the base, flowers white, pod very glandular. Along the Platte. Summer. 73. Dalea alopecuroides WILLD. Flowers blue or white, small in dense spikes. South Denver on Lincoln Avenue. Along a ditch near the south side of Cherry Creek. Fall. Mora of Denver. 11 74. Petalostemon violaceus MICHX. (CRIMSON PRAIRIE- CLOVER.) Flowers crimson on a cylindrical spike. On the plains. Summer. 75. Petalostemon candidus MICHX. (WHITE PRAIRIE- CLOVER.) Flowers similar but white, leaflets more numerous.' On the plains. Summer. 76. Petalostemon macrostachyus TORR. Spikes thicker and longer, corolla greenish white. North Denver. Summer. 77. Amorpha fruticosa L. (FALSE INDIGO.) A shrub with spikes of dark purple flowers blooming in spring. Along the Platte. 78. Glycyrrhfza lepidota PURSH. (LIQUORICE.) Glandu- lar, flowers greenish white, ripe pods brown covered with hooked prickles. Common. 79. Astragalus caryocarpus KER. (GROUND PLUM.) The earliest Astragalus, with large pink and white flowers and pod like a green plum. On the plains. 80. Astragalus Canadensis L. Tall and branching, flow- ers greenish white, pods ascending, crowded, two-celled, swollen. Along the Platte. Perrin's meadow. 81. Astragalus adsurgens PALL. Rather tall, violet flow- ers in dense capitate spikes, pod two-celled, cross section obcor- date. Along the Platte 82. Astragalus hypoglottis L. Low, with capitate spikes of violet flowers, pod silky with white hairs. Resembles the preceding, but is much smaller and has a villous pod. Along the Platte. 83. Astragalus Drummondii DOUGL. Tall, white-hairy, corolla white, calyx black-hairy, pods long and hanging, cross section deeply obcordate. Berkeley. 12 Flora of Denver. 84. Astragalus racemdsus PURSH. Corolla pink or white, calyx swollen at one side, pods hanging in a loosely, many- flowered raceme, cross section triangular. Rare along the Platte. Early summer. 85. Astragalus microlobus GRAY. Stems spreading on the ground, canescent, flowers blue, pods reflexed, wrinkled, curved upward, one-celled. The pods have the appearance of small bugs running down the stem. North Denver near Elitch's gardens. Summer. 86. Astragalus lotiflorus HOOK. Low with the inconspic- uous yellowish-white flowers and long white hair}^ pods at the base of the stem surrounded by the leaves, pods one-celled, pointed. Common on the plains. It blooms early in th,e spring and a second time in the fall. 87. Astragalus Shortianus NUTT. Low, with large violet flowers clustered near the end of the naked stems. Pods large, leathery, pointed, and strongly curved inward, almost two- celled, wrinkled. Leaves and stem covered with appressed silky hairs. Berkeley. Spring. 88. Astragalus Parryi GRAY. Covered with loosely spread- ing white hairs, flowers white, tinged with crimson, pod with very long point, curved inwards, wrinkled, almost two celled by the intrusion of both sutures. Spring and summer. 89. Astragalus sparsifiorus GRAY. Sterns decumbent, pods deflexed, mottled, curved inwards, almost two-celled. Spring and summer. Along the Platte. 90. Astragalus pictus GRAY. var. filifolius GRAY. Leaves either compound with .thread-like divisions or simple and thread-like, pods inflated, mottled with red, flowers small and white. In sandy places often under sagebrush. Common on the plains. Summer. 91. Astragalus sericoleucus GRAY. Forming dense mats. Berkeley. Early spring. Flora of Denver. 13 92 Oxytropis Lamberti GRAY. On the plains the crim- son-flowered variety with decumbent stems prevails but along the Platte in the shade, the flowers are almost white and the plant is quite erect. The large white-flowered variety is one of the loco weeds. 93. Vicia Americana MUHL. (WiLD PEA.) Climbing, flowers blue, small. It varies and is common along the streams. 94. Lathyrus ornatus NUTT. (WiLD PEA.) Low and somewhat canescent with appressed hairs. Flowers large re- sembling the next. Montclair. Early summer. 95. Lathyrus polymorphus NUTT. With strongly veined smooth leaves, more prostrate than the preceding. Common along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Early summer. 96. Apios tuberosa MOENCH. (GROUND NUT.) Climbing, with brown purple flowers. Near Valverde. Autumn. ROSACES. (Rose Family.) 97. Prunus Americana MARSHALL (WILD PLUM.) Along the Platte and Cherry Creek, blooming in early spring. 98. Prunus Virginiana L. (CHOKE CHERRY.) Along the Platte and Cherry Creek, blooming in spring. 99. Rubus strigosus MICHX. (Raspberry.) Reported from near Denver by Dr. Smith in "Flora of Colorado." 100. Geum strictum AIT. Leaves hairy, unevenly pin- nate, stems erect, flowers yellow, styles becoming hooked. Along the Platte. Rare. 101. Fragaria Virginiana MILL. var. Illinoe'nsis GRAY. (STRAWBERRY.) Along the Platte. 102. Potentilla arguta PURSH. Stems tall and stout, flow- 14 Flora of Denver. ers clustered near the top, yellowish-white, lower leaves with long petioles. Along the Platte. Rare. Summer. 103. Potentilla Norvegica L. Stems tall and weak, hairy, leaflets three, cut toothed, calyx larger than yellow corolla. Along the Platte. Summer. 104. Potentilla rivalis NUTT. Similar but not so tall and more slender, leaflets usually five, flowers smaller and more numerous. Along the Platte. Summer. 105. Potentilla Pennsylvanica L. var. strigosa PURSH. Stems erect, leaves close to the stem, pinnate leaflets divided into linear divisions with revolute margins. «, Flowers clustered at top of stems. Near the Platte in South Denver. Summer. 106. Potentilla gracilis DOUGL. Branching from the base, tall. Root leaves with long petioles and about seven palmate leaflets, very white on the under surfaces, flower branches spreading. Perrin's meadow. North Denver. 107. Potentilla fruticosa L. (SHRUBBY POTENTILLA.) This was reported from near Denver by B. H. Smith in " Flora of Colorado." I think I saw it many years ago in North Den- ver but have not seen it since. 108. Potentilla Anserfna L. (SILVER-WEED.) Spreading by runners, leaves silky and white. Common in wet places. Spring and summer. 109. Rosa blanda AIT. The common wild rose. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek. no. Rosa Sayi. This has been found by Miss E. Eaton along Clear Creek near Berkeley. SAXIFRAGACE/E. (Saxifrage Family.) in. Saxifraga nivalis L. Very rare along the Platte near Valverde. Flora of Denver. 15 112. Ribes floridum L. Racemes drooping, leaves sprinkled with resinous dots, berry black. Along the Platte. 113. Ribes aureum PURSH. (GOLDEN CURRANT.) Smooth, yellow flowers, numerous, fragrant, berry at first yi'llow, turn- ing black. Along the Platte. LYTHRACE^. (Lythrum Family.) 114. Ammania latifolia L. Along the Platte. Summer. 115. Lythrum alatum -PURSH. Along the Platte near the C. C. Bridge. Summer. Rare. ONAGRACE^. (Evening Primrose Family.) % 116. Epilobium spicatum LAM. (WILLOW HERB, FIRE- WEED.) Flowers crimson, large white style deflexed. Clear Creek near Berkeley. Summer. 117. Epilobium coloratum MUHL. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Sometimes along the ditches. 118. Epilobium adenocaulon HAUSSKN. Found in the same localities as the preceding and similar. It differs most noticeably in the more glandular pubescence, leaves less ser- rate and the coma of the seeds whiter. 119. Epilobium paniculatum NUTT. Stem erect, branching above, annual. Leaves and flowers small and branches almost leafless. Clear Creek near Berkeley. Along the Platte. Sum- mer. 120. Gayophytum ramossissimum TORR & GRAY. Dif- fusely spreading, with slender, reddish branches, flowers very small, pink. It might be mistaken for Epilobium paniculatum but can always be distinguished by the lack of coma on the seeds. • 121. CEnothera biennis L. Erect and stout with yellow flowers that open about sunrise. The var. grandiflora Lindl 16 Flora of Denver. has flowers much larger and is not so stout. Denver. Summer. 122. CEnothera pinnatifida NUTT (THE COMMON WHITE- FLOWERED EVENING PRIMROSE.) Ascending stems branching from near the ground. Seeds in two rows in each cell. Common on the plains. It has two seasons of blooming. The spring flowers are from plants of the previous year, while the fall are seedlings of the same season. 123. CEnothera albicaulis NUTT. (WHITE-STEMMED EVEN- ING PRIMROSE.) Tall stems white, branching, calyx tips free in the bud. Flowers white. Along the Platte, and in sandy places in North Denver. Summer. 124. CEnothera coronopifolia T. & G. (SMALL WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE.) Flowers white, nearly an inch in diam- eter, becoming a bright pink in drying. Stems erect and leafy, with small, pinnate leaves, divisions almost linear. Common. Spring and summer. 125. CEnothera brachycarpa GRAY. (GOLDEN EVENING PRIMROSE ) Leaves and flowers from a perennial woody root. Flowers yellow, turning purple in fading or drying, very large, three to four inches in diameter. This handsome CEnothera has been found near Sloan's Lake. It is rare around Denver, but abundant on Rooney's Ranch near Morrison. Spring. 1 26. CEnothera serrulata NUTT. Many erect stems from the woody root. Small yellow flowers numerous and in the upper axils. Along the Platte. Summer. 127. Gaura parviflora DOUGL. Tall, sometimes five feet. Leafy at base, branching above. Small pink flowers in spikes which become longer in fruit. Common. Summer. 128. Gaura coccinea NUTT. (RED GAURA.) Low and spreading, flowers pink becoming red. Common. Spring and summer. Flora of Denver. 17 LOASA'CE^E. (Mentzelia Family.) 129. Mentzelia albicaulis DOUGL. Erect with simple or branching white stems, flowers small and yellow, seeds warty. Along the Platte. Spring and summer. 130. Mentzelia niida T. & G. (EVENING STAR.) Stems erect and branching above. Large yellowish white flowers with filaments numerous and like the petals. Seeds winged. Common. Summer and fall. 131. Mentzelia multiflora GRAY. Stems branching dif- usely. Flowers numerous, bright yellow. Seeds winged. Along the D. & R. G. track near Valverde Bridge and the South Park track at Valverde. Summer. CUCURBIT ACE^E. (Squash Family.) 132. Echinocystis lobata TORR. & GRAY. (WiLD CUCUM- BER VINE.) Common in cultivation. Wild along the Platte. Summer. CACTACE^E. 133. Mamillaria vivipara HAW. (BiRD's-NEST CACTUS.) Globose, flowers rose color, fruit a berry. On the North Den- ver hills. Spring. 134. Mamillaria Missouriensis SWEET. Globose, flowers yellow, berries scarlet. North Denver hills. Spring. 135. Cereus viridiflorus ENGELM. Globose, flowers green- ish, radiating spines white and purple, central spine long, white, spreading outward and upward. Hills near Berkeley. Spring. 136. Opuntia Rafinesquii ENGELM. (PRICKLY-PEAR.) The flat jointed cactus with clusters of spines sparingly scattered and yellow flowers. Berry becoming fleshy and often red. Edible. Along the Platte and on the plains. 18 Flora of Denver. 137. Opuntia Missouriensis DC. (COMMON CACTUS.) The common flat-jointed cactus with numerous clusters of spines. Flowers yellow, rarely red near Denver. Fruit dry. Common on the plains, blooming in early summer. UMBELLIFER^E. (Parsley Family.) 138. Heracleum lanatum MICHX! (Cow-PARSNiP.) Tall and stout, large ternately compound leaves with broad leaflets, many rayed umbels of white flowers. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Summer. 139. Peucedanum nudicaule NUTT. On the hills at Berk- eley in spring. 140. Cymopterus glomeratus RAF. The earliest bloomer on the plains. Low with white flowers and shiny compound leaves. Carpels winged. » 141. Cymopterus montanus TORR. & GRAY. Similar to preceding, flowers pinkish and leaves glaucous. In North Den- ver. It is likely to be found where the soil is adobe. Early spring. 142. Musenium trachyspermum NUTT. Low branching from near the root, flowers yellow, fruit rough. North Denver and Valverde hills. Spring. 143. Cicuta virosa L. var. maculata COULTER & ROSE. (POISON-HEMLOCK.) Stout and tall, leaves twice or thrice pin- nate with lanceolate-acuminate serrate leaflets. A flat-topped umbel of white flowers. This grows in the water and is found along Cherry Creek and the Platte. Summer. 144. Berula angustifolia KOCH. A slender, branching marsh plant with pinnately compound leaves, leaflets from toothed to incised. Flowers white, involucre and involucels present. 145 Pastinaca sativa L. The common parsnip. Introduced. Flora of Denver. 19 CORNACEyE. 146. Cornus stolonifera MICHX. (DOGWOOD.) A shrub with reddish stems, cymes of white flowers and fruit white or lead color. Along the Platte. Summer. CAPRIFOLIACE^E. 147. Symphoricarpos occidentalis HOOKER. (SNOWBERRY.) A shrub with thickish leaves, corolla pink, thick, white hairy within. Berries white. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Summer. 148. Lonicera involucrata BANKS. This was reported from near Denver by Dr. Smith in the Flora of Colorado. I have not found it in the locality. 149. Galium Aparine L. (CLEAVERS.) With long clinging stems barbed on the angles of the stems, the margins and mid. ribs of the leaves; leaves about eight in a whorl. Fruit bristly. Along the Platte. Summer. 150. Galium boreale L. Erect, small white flowers in a panicle. Leaves in whorls of four. Along the Platte. Sum- mer. COMPOSITE. .151. Kuhnia eupatorioides L. There are two varieties; one- has erect stems and few flowers at summit; the other has stems spreading and ascending, flowers numerous. Along the Platte- and on the plains. Fall. 152. Brickellia grand iflora NUTT. Stems branching from] the base, leaves triangular-ovate, crenate, dentate bracts of in- volucre striate. Along the Platte. Rare. Summer. 2 20 Flora of Denver. 153. Liatris punctata HOOKER. (PRINCE'S-PLUME.) Stem simple, leaves linear, stiff and spreading, purple flowers in a dense spike, pappus plumose. On the plains. Fall. 154. Gutierrezia Euthamiae T. & G. Many stems from near the root, leaves narrowly linear, more glutinous around the cymes of small yellow heads; pappus chaffy. Along the Platte in the fall. 155. Grindelia squarrosa DUNAL. (GUM-PLAXT, ROSIN- WEED.) Erect. Involucre very viscid and with recurved tips, flowers yellow. Common until late in the fall. 156. Chrysopsis villosa NUTT. (GOLDEN ASTER.) Many stems from the root, hairy, yellow flowers clustered near the ends of the stems. Common on the plains. Summer and fall. 157. Aplopappus rubiginosus TORR <£^GRAY. Resembling Grindelia squarrosa. Erect, paniculately branched, leaves spiny-toothed, viscid with glandular hairs. Easily distin- guished from the Grindelia by the bristly pappus. North Denver. Riverside cemetery. Summer and fall. .„ 158 . Aplopappus spinulosus DC. Stems branching from base, ascending, lobes of the pinaate leaves and bracts of the involucre bristle-tipped. Common on the plains. Summer to fall. 159. Bigelovia graveolens GRAY. Shrubby and bushy, leaves and stems usually white, yellow flowers clustered in cymes at the ends of stems. Common on the plains. Fall. 160. Solidago Canadensis L. (THE TALL GOLDEN-ROD.) Along ditches and streams. Summer to fall. 161. Solidago nemoralis AIT. var. incanaGRAY. Low with leaves an inch or more wide, not decreasing much upwards. Inflorescence more compact. Along the Platte. Suinmer to all. Flora of Denver. 21 162. Solidago rigida L. Stem stout, simple, heads in a cyme, herbage scabrous and whole plant stiff. Perrin's meadow in North Denver. Summer, fall. 163. Solidago occidentalis NUTT. Spreading, leafy, with small clusters of fragrant flowers at the ends of the branches, receptacle hairy or fringed. Growing near water. Fall. 164. Townsendia sericea HOOK. Large pink flowers sessile and surrounded by the leaves. Growing close to the ground and inclined to form small mats. In early spring in North Denver. 165. Aster Fendleri GRAY. Tall, branching above, blue- rayed flowers almost sessile on short branchlets, leaves clasp- ing by an auriculate base. Along the Platte. Fall. 166. Aster ericoUtes L. Diffusely branching, leaves linear, rays white. Along the Platte. Fall. 167. Aster multiflorus AIT. Branching from the base, white radiate heads crowded on the branchlets. Common. Fall. 168. Aster salicifolius AIT. Tall, leaves long and pointed, purple-rayed flowers rather large in a panicle or thyrse. Along the Platte. Fall. -. ' 169 Aster angustus T. & G. Numerous branches erect along the stem, heads rayless, on short stems, pappus soft and snowy white. In wet places in North Denver and along the Platte. 170. Aster canescens PURSH. var. latifolius GRAY. Stems a foot or two high. The common deep purple aster, glandular, involucre with recurved tips. Fall. 171. Aster tanacetifolius HBK. Stems low and spread- ing, leaves pinnatifid, flowers large, rays purple. Spring to fall. 22 Fhra of Denr Common along the streams, fall. 192. Rudbeckia hirta L. (CONE-FLOWER.) Erect, rough hairy, rays yellow; disk brownish-purple, thimble-shaped. Along the Platte. Summer. 193. Lepachys columnaris TORR. & GRAY. (COLUMN- FLOWER.) Stems rather tall, usually several from the root,, heads often solitary, yellow rays reflexed, disk columnar, dark brown. Along the ditches and on the plains. Common. The var. pidcherrima Torr. & Gray is also found. It has the rays wholly or in part brownish purple. Along the Platte, less common. Summer. 194. Lepachys Tagetes GRAY. Leaves with stiff lobes, white bristly, smaller than the preceding. Heads much smaller, rays very dark brown. Rare in North Denver, near Rocky Mountain Lake. Fall. 195. Gymnolomia multiflora BENTH. & HOOK. Simple stemmed or much branched, usually with numerous heads of yellow flowers an inch in diameter. Smaller and more slender than the sun-flower. Along the Platte, summer and fall. 196. Helianthus a'nnuus L. (SUN-FLOWER.) The common large flowered and large broad-leaved sun-flower. Summer to fall. 197. Helianthus pumilus NUTT. Chiefly branched from the base, very stiff, with thick stiff rough leaves, disk yellow. Berkeley Hills. Summer and fall. 198. Helianthus petiolaris NUTT. A foot or more high, branching, heads usually solitary on the branchlets, disk dark brown, heads 1J-2 inches in diameter. The common sun- flower of the plains. Summer to fall. Flora of Denver. 25 199. Helianthus Maximilian* SCHRAD. Stem very taU and rough, leaves thick, lanceolate, sparingly serrate, usually keeled, flowering branches at the top of the stem. North Den- ver recently introduced. 200. Verbesma encelioides CAV. Usually branching, leaves ovate, unevenly serrate, canescent; rays 3-cleft, akenes flat, broadly winged. Introduced within six years, very com- mon especially in North Denver. Summer and fall. 201. Coreopsis tinctoria NUTT. Usually tall and branched above. Yellow rays brown near the base, disk dark. Rather rare. Along the Platte. Summer. 202. Bidens frondosa L. (STICK-TIGHT.)' Heads rayless, akenes hairy 2-awned. Along the ditches, common, late sum- mer aiid fall. 203. Bidens cernua L. Heads nodding after the rays have withered. Summer and fall. In marshy places along the Platte. 204. Bidens chrysanthemoides MICHX. (BUR-MARIGOLD.) Heads large with conspicuous rays not nodding. Common along the ditches. Fall. 205. Bidens tenuisecta GRAY. (SPANISH-NEEDLES.) Leaves pinnately dissected into narrow divisions, ra}^s yellow, longer than the disk, akenes smooth 2-awned. Along the ditches, late summer. 206. Thelesperma ambfguum GRAY. Diffusely branch- ing, a foot high, flowers numerous, rays yellow, disk yellow, divisions of the leaves narrowly linear. This is usually called Coreopsis and is common around Denver. Summer. 207. Thelesperma gracile GRAY. Tall, opposite leaves scattered, heads rayless, disk yellow turning darker. North Denver. Summer. 26 Flora of Denver. 208. Bahia oppositifolia NUTT.' Stems low, with main- erect branches white-pubescent, rays few and small, heads small. This forms patches in damp, alkali spots. North Denver. Valverde. Summer. 209. Bahia chrysanthemoides GRAY. Compound leaves clustered near the root, more scattered and much smaller along the stem, which is diffusely branched above. Rays yellow, spreading. The head has the appearance of a yellow broad- rayed daisy. Rare along the Platte. Late summer. 210. Hymenopappus filifolius HOOK. White-woolly, leaves pinuately twice parted into narrow divisions, heads ray- less, numerous on the slender almost leafless stems. Valverde Hills. Summer. 211. Chaenactis Douglasii HOOK. & ARX. Leaves scattered near the root, twice parted into thick blunt divisions, white cottony heads in a diffuse cyme, ray less, akenes with chaffy fringed scales. Valverde Hills. Summer. 212. Helenium autumnal e L. (SNEEZE- WEED.) Stems tall, leafy, simple below, winged; heads cymosely arranged, disk yellow and globular, rays small 3-lobed, yellow, reflexed. Along the Platte near Valverde. Fall. Not common. 213. Dysodia chrysanthemofdes LAG. (FETID-MARI- GOLD.) Low, diffuse with ascending branches, whole plant dotted with brown glands which are largest on the rays. Pap- pus purple- tipped, heads numerous on short branchlets, odor very strong and unpleasant. Along the ditches. Common. Fall 214. Hymenatherum aureum GRAY. Low, much branched, leaves alternate, pinuately parted into blunt filiform divisions, rays yellow, pappus of fringed scales. Odor not unpleasant A few plants used to grow in the vacant lots on Stout Street be- tween Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Streets. Summer. Flora of Denver. 27 215. Anthemis Cotula L.. (MAYWEED.) (DOG-FENNKL.) Sparingly introduced. North Denver. 216. Achillea Millefolium L. (YARROW.) Rays of small heads from white to rose color. Along the Platte, Clear Creek, and Cherry Creek. Summer to fall. 217. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. (Ox-EYE DAisy. WHITE WEED.) Sparingly introduced along the Platte. 218. Artemisia biennis WILLD. WORMWOOD. Stem usu- ally solitary, very leafy panicle pyramidal, the small greenish brown almost sessile heads crowded on the branchlets. Com- mon. Summer and fall. Strong odor. 219. Artemisia frfgida WILLD. Stems many from the root, very white with silky hairs, about a foot high; leaves much divided into linear lobes, heads panicled, loosely clus- tered on the branchlets, drooping. Common on the plains and in the mountains. It is used as a tea in mountain fever. Summer and fall. 220. Artemisia Canadensis MICHX. Leaves clustered at the root twice parted into linear lobes, upper leaves more sim- ple and somewhat white-woolly, panicle narrow, heads small and smooth, slightly drooping. Along the Platte. Fall. 221. Artemisia tridentata NUTT. (BLACK SAGE.) Much branched, woody, canescent leaves with three obtuse teeth or lobes at the truncate apex. North Denver. Fall. 222. Artemisia Ludoviciana NUTT. Branching somewhat from the base, herbage very white with cottony pubescence which can be rubbed off, branches of the panicle erect, heads almost sessile and erect, leaves entire or few toothed. Com- mon. Fall. 28 Flora of Denver, 223. Artemisia filifolia TORR. Shrubby, branches very numerous from the lower stems, slender leaves 2 to 3-parted or entire with filiform divisions, heads very small, short; racemes of the narrow panicle surpassed by the leaves at the base. Whole plant whitened with close minute tomentum. Com- mon in North Denver. The flower buds often become infested with a gall fly the larva? of which inhabit the buds. Fall. 224. Artemisia dracunculoides PURSH. Smooth with leaves either entire or 3-cleft, branching, with many small heads. On the Denver plains. 225. Senecio aureus L. var. compactus GRAY. One of the numerous varieties of this variable species. Low, sparingly woolly, leaves irregularly lobed ; thickish heads in a spreading cyme; rays and disk yellow. The early and common spring Senecio. 226. Senecio Douglasii DC. Stems usually many from the root, leafy with pinnately parted leaves, divisions long and linear, thick, rays yellow, J inch long, heads in a spreading many-flowered cyme. Common in the fall. 227. Cnicus ochroce'ntrus GRAY. (THISTLE.) Stout, leaves and stem white tomentose, prickles lon'g and yellow; disk white or crimson, bracts of the involucre sticky, tipped with a broad stout spreading yellow prickle. Common in early summer. 228. Cnicus undulatus GRAY. Similar, but neither so tall nor so stout, heads smaller, prickles of the involucre short and rather weak. In North Denver. Fall. 229. Cichorum Intybus L. (CHICORY.) Introduced around Italian gardens in North Denver. 230. Stephanomeria runcinata NUTT. Diffusely spread- ing, small pink flowers, numerous near the ends of branches, Flora of Denver. 291 which are almost leafless, or with bract-like leaves. It can readily be distinguished from Lygodesmia by tke plumose pappus instead of hair-like bristles. Near Denver. Summer. 231. Tragopogon porrifolius L. (OYSTER-PLANT, SALSIFY.) Escaped from cultivation. Summer. 232. Crepis intermedia GRAY. Ashy, leaves oblong- lanceolate in outline, irregularly dentate or laciniate, taper- ing; heads of yellow flowers in a corymb; akenes almost black, ten-ribbed ; pappus about equaling akenes, very soft and white. Berkeley. Spring. 233. Lygodesmia juncea DON. Diffusely branching from a perennial root, stems striate, leafless except for occasional scale-like leaves; lower leaves parted, divisions linear, rays pink. Common and variable in flowers, leaves, and stems. Summer. 234. Lygodesmia rostrata GRAY. Annual, erect, leafy heads small, numerous in a corymbed panicle with erect branches; akenes tapering at summit, rays light pink soon fading. North Denver. Along the Platte near Valverde. Late- summer. 235. Troximon glaucum NUTT. (PRAIRIE-DANDELION.) Perennial, without a stem; leaves linear-lanceolate, wavy margined, somewhat white woolly; large heads of yellow flow- ers with rays often brown-tinged. On the plains in early spring. A variety of this variable species is found along the Platte under the trees. It has very long leaves sparingly laciniate, and small long-stalked heads of brownish flowers. 236. Taraxacum Officinale WEBER. The common East- ern dandelion introduced in grass seed. Along the ditches and on lawns, etc. :>() Flora of Dearer. 237. Lactuca Canadensis L. Usually tall, sometimes nine feet: leaves hairy on the mid vein, runcinate pinnatifid; heads small, crowded in a diffuse panicle, rays yellow. Along the Platte. Summer. 238. Lactuca Ludoviciana DC. Stern erect, simple to the diffusely branching almost leafless panicle; leaves veiny, au- riculate clasping, spiny on the midrib and spiny-toothed on the margins; heads of small yellow flowers numerous ex- panded for a short time in the morning. They seem like little stars all along the stem. Common in waste grounds. I believe that it is introduced around Denver. 239. Lactuca pulchella DC. Bright blue flowers con- spicuous in the morning; rays nearly half an inch long. It looks like an aster, but the flowers all have rays, and the juice Is milky. Common along streams. Summer. 240. Sonchus oleraceus L. (Sow-TniSTLE.) Introduced sparingly. 241. Sonchus asper YILL. (SPINY-LEAVED SOW-THISTLE.) Sparingly introduced. LOBELIACE^. 242. Lobelia syphilftica L. Simple-stemmed, flowers blue, sometimes rose colored or white, in racemes, found in swampy places in the fall. It might be mistaken for a Pen- stemon, but can readily be distinguished by the milky juice and the corolla open to the base on one side. CAMPANULACE^:. 243. Specularia perfoliata A. DC. I found a plant years ago along the Platte near the C. C. Bridge. I have not seen it since. Flora of Denver. 31 244. Campanula rotundifolia L. The common hair-bell, with erect buds and nodding capsules. Along the Platte. Summer. 245. Campanula aparinoides PURSH. Flower buds droop- ing, capsule erect; corolla smaller and more deeply cleft than the preceding. Along the Platte. I found this several years ago near Smith's Bridge, but have not seen it since. PRIMULACE^E. 246. Steironema ciliatum RAF. Branching; yellow flow- ers solitary in the axils on long pedicels, nodding. Summer. 247. Glaux maritima L. Stems many from the root, which has running root-stalks; leaves somewhat fleshy, flowers small, pink, sessile in the axils of the numerous leaves. Along the Platte near the Twenty-third Street viaduct in a low, damp place. Spring. APOCYNACE^. (Dog-Bane Family.) 248. Apdcynum androsaemifolium L. Diffusely branched above, drooping clusters of small bell-shaped pink flowers near the ends of the branches. Rather rare. Berkeley, near Clear Creek. 249. Apdcynum cannabinum L. Tall and erect, branch- ing near the top; small white flowers in a close cyme. Com- mon in wet places along the Platte, and sometimes along the ditches. Perrin's Meadow, in North Denver. ASCLEPI ADAGES. (Silk- Weed Family.) 250. Asclepias speciosa TORR. (MILKWEED.) Tall and simple-stemmed, leaves large and leathery, short petioled; flowers large, pink and purple; pods large, erect on deflexed pedicels, covered with soft prickle-like processes. Common. Summer. 32 Flora of Denver. 251. Asclepias verticillata L. var. pumila GRAY. Low, with crowded filiform leaves; umbels near the top of simple erect stems; flowers small and white. Rather common near City Park. North Denver. Summer. 352. Asclepias auriculata EXGELM. Leaves very long and linear, alternate and numerous, flowers in close umbels in the axils, not numerous, flowers greenish. This is the Acerates auriculata Engelm of Coulter's Manual. It has recently been united with Asclepias stenophylla Gray, under the oldest name. Rather common, North Denver, near Valverde, and toward Montclair. Summer. 253. Acerates viridiflora Ell GRAY. Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, umbels few, flowers greenish. Rare, Berke- ley, near Clear Creek, Valverde. Summer. • GENTIANACE.E. (Gentian Family.) 254 Eustoma .Russellianum GRISEB. Glaucous, simple- stemmed except above where the inflorescence usually becomes loosely cymose, flowers often solitary; corolla large, funnel- form with a spreading border, divisions blue with a dark spot at base, fringe toothed at the top. This is a biennial, and is rare. I found it near the boulevard in North Denver several years ago. The low, wet place was filled up, and it was buried. This year I found it at Valverde, a single plant. It was also found by Miss Helen Thompson on their ranch out on the Broadway road not far from Denver. 255. Gentiana calycosa GRISEB. (BLUE-GENTIAN.) This has large tubular blue corollas that do not spread open. The flowers are few, clustered in the upper axils. This was found by Miss E. Eaton along Clear Creek, about six miles from the city. Summer. POLEMONIACE^. 256. Phlox Douglasii HOOK. This is low and spreading, with salver-shaped pink flowers. Rare near Denver, but for- merly common along Park Avenue. Spring. Flora of Denver. 33 257. Gilia linearis GRAY. Usually simple-stemmed, some- times branched diffusely from near the base; sticky, especially around the flowers, corolla pink, with yellow tube, small. Along the Platte; Clear Creek, near Berkeley. Summer. 258. Gilia gracilis HOOK. Low and spreading; flowers scattered, numerous, very small, pink with yellowish tube; capsules becoming large and noticeable; seeds without muci- lage. Common in early spring on the plains. 259. Gilia longiflora DON. Diffusely spreading, flowers very numerous on slender stalks, corolla pale blue or white, salver form with a long tube. Spring to fall. Often with flowers and dry seed pods on same plant. 260. Gilia pungens BENTH. Low and spreading, with woody stems; leaves spiny, numerous, and small; corolla white, fragrant This blooms in the evening and the flowers close the next morning. The plants have the appearance of tiny Coniferse. Common on the plains. Early summer. 261. Gilia aggregata SPRENG. (RED GILIA.) Stems tall, simple, or branching; the long salver-form scarlet or white corollas in a close panicle, leaves with narrow linear divisions. Along the Platte. Summer to fall. 262. Gilia pinnatifida NUTT. Leaves clustered at the root, stem simple and branched above, or sometimes diffusely spread- ing from the base. Flowers very numerous in a much branched . panicle. Corolla white-veined or mottled with light blue. Stamens with blue filaments, anthers conspicuous and longer than the corolla. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek, Clear Creek. Summer to fall. It grows in sandy places along the river bottom. 263. Gilia inconspicua DOUGL. Slender, erect, branching above, about a foot high; leaves once or twice pinnately di- vided into short, narrow, bristle-pointed lobes; corolla small 34 Flora of Denver, light blue with yellowish tube; whole plant somewhat sticky. Formerly common near the old Ladies' Relief Hospital. Spring and early summer. 264. Polemonium foliosissimum GRAY. Sticky, leafy- stemmed, flowering stems arranged in a cyme; flowers numer- ous, blue, about one-half inch in diameter, style longer than the filaments and exceeding the corolla. Along Clear Creek, near Berkeley. Rare. HYDROPHYLLACE^. (Water-leaf Family.) 265. Ellfsia Nyctelea L. Tender and succulent, diffusely spreading, leaves pinnately parted, flowers usually solitary in the axils, small corolla light blue or white exceeded by the calyx. Common on the plains and along the streams. Spring and summer. 266. Phacelia circinata JACQ f. This is a coarse-looking perennial, many-stemmed from the base, whitish with bristly hairs; leaves broad lanceolate, often with one or two pairs of small leaflets at base of petiole. Inflorescence circinate, densely flowered, very bristly, corolla white or rarely violet, with stamens extending beyond. Common along the Platte and Cherry Creek, also along the ditches. Summer. 267. Phacelia Neo-Mexicana THURBER. Hairy and sticky, leaves twice pinnatifid with blunt lobes. Found in fruit along the Platte beyond Overland Park. Coulter's Manual describes the flowers as white with the stamens much exserted. Spring and summer. BORAGINA'CE^E. 268. Heliotropium Curassavicum L. Smooth, glaucous and fleshy, diffusely spreading, flowers white with a yellow cen- ter, in a dense circinate cluster, becoming black in drying. Near Sloan's Lake. Summer. Flora of Denver. 35 269. Echinospermum Redowskii LEHM. var. occidentale WATSON. (BEGGAR-LICE.) Easily known by the small, light blue flowers and the small sharp-awned burs. Very common on the plains. 270. Krynitzkia crassisepala TORR. & GRAY. Diffusely branching, round and becoming a tumble weed, white with bristly hairs, very rough, calyx becoming thick at the base and inclosing the nutlets; one is smooth and the rest are white, warty. On the plains. Summer. 271. Krynitzkia Pattersoni GRAY. Branches more slen- der. Flowers much smaller, calyx not so thickened, akene us- ually only one, smooth. Similar to the above in other char- acteristics. North Denver. Summer. 272. Krynitzkia Jamesii TORR. White hairy with close hairs which become bristly and spreading when the fruit is ripe. Flowers with yellow appendages in the throat, nutlets narrowly margined, smooth and shining, flattened on top in two pairs. North Denver, on the plains. Summer. 273. Krynitzkia virgata PORTER, Tall and columnar, blooming from near the base of the simple stem, flowers clus- tered in the axils of the leaves, white corollas with ten small scales within the tube, very bristly, especially when old. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Summer. 274. Mertensia lanceolata DC. (BLUEBELLS.) Glaucous, branching from the base, flowers in a close panicle which be- comes loosely spreading with age, corolla blue. Clear Creek near Berkeley. Along the Platte near Overland Park. Spring. 275. Lithospermum pilosum NUTT. Reported from near Denver by Dr. Smith and B. H. Smith in the Flora of Colo- rado of. Parry and Coulter. 276. Lithospermum hirtum LEHM. Found near Denver by Dr. Smith. 36 Flora of Denver. 277. Lithospermum angustifolium MICHX. Branching from the woody root, corolla large, bright yellow, tube long, flowers clustered at the top of the stem, the later plants spread- ing diffusely with inconspicuous flowers. Common, the large flowered blooming in spring, the small flowered in late summer or fall. 278. Onosmodium Carolinianum DC. Stout and rough, corolla tubular with green lobes, hairy stigma protruding. common along the Platte and on the plains where it is not too dry. Summer. CONVOLVULACE^E. (Morning-glory Family.) 279. Ipomoea leptophylla TORR. (THE MORNING-GLORY BUSH.) This is easily known by its spreading branches from an immense taproot, its linear leaves, and numerous large, crimson, funnel-shaped flowers. Never found far from water, but on the open plains. Summer. 280. Convolvulus sepium L. (MORNING-GLORY VINE.) Climbing over the shrubs, etc., along the Platte and Clear Creek. The var. repens Gray, is prostrate and white pubescent It grows in fields. Summer. 281. Convolvulus incanus YAHL. Stems slender, running along the ground or over low herbs, leaves various, usually arrow-shaped, corolla not an inch across, white, tinged with pink. Calyx free from bracts. Evolvulus argenteus PURSH. Low, branching from the base, erect, densely covered with soft, long appressed hairs, flowers axillary on short stalks which are deflexed in fruit, corolla rose color or blue. On the plains, rather common. Summer. 283. Cuscuta decoVa CHOISY. (DODDER.) A parasite with yellow stems and clusters of white, waxy flowers. It appar- ently grows on all kinds of herbaceous plants. Summer. Flora of Denver. 37 SOLANACE^E. (Potato Family.) 284. Solanum triflorum NUTT. (NIGHT-SHADE.) Berries green when ripe. Common. Summer to fall. 285. Solanum nigrum L. Berries almost black when ripe, smaller than the preceding. Common. Summer to fall. 286. Solanum rostratum DUNAL. Very bristly, especially the calyx, which incloses the fruit, flowers bright yellow, sterile filament beaked, often tinged with purple; flowers numerous in a raceme. Common along ditches. Summer to fall. 287. Physalis angulata L. (GROUND-CHERRY.) Reported by Dr. Smith. 288. Physalis pubescens L. Whole plant viscid; leaves very broad, almost round, entire or with a few blunt teeth along the sides; flower yellow, with a dark eye. Summer and fall. 289. Physalis Virginiana L. Viscid, leaves rather crowded, much smaller than the preceding; flower larger, with a dark eye. Summer and fall. 290. Physalis lanceolata MICHX. Not viscid, leaves usu- ally lanceolate and wavy margined, sometimes ovate. Sum- mer and fall. 291. Physalis lobata TORR. Covered with little white grains, leaves mostly sinuate, prostrate, flowers purple or white. North Denver. Summer. 292. Datura Stramonium L. (THORN- APPLE.) (JAMES- TOWN-WEED.) Introduced along the Burlington railroad track, near Thirty-first Street. It has also been found along Cherry Creek, and is quite abundant at Golden. SCROPHULARIACEv^E. (Figwort Family.) . 293. Scrophularia nodosa L. Tall, flowers in a long panicle at the top of the stem, corolla dull purple. Common along the Platte and Cherry Creek. 38 Flora of Denver. 294. Penstemon glaber PURSH. Stems usually several from the root, glaucous, corolla swollen above the tube, sterile filament with a few hairs at top, leaves broad and clasping Common along the Platte in sanely places. Summer. 295. Penstemon secundiflorus BENTH. Tall, stem leaves linear-lanceolate, the pairs an inch or two apart, flowers blue or purplish, in a one-sided thyrse, sterile filament dilated at the tip, and usually smooth. Along the Platte and Clear Creek, generally in the shade of the trees. Summer. 296. Penstemon acuminatus DOUGL. Glaucous, stem leaves ovate-acuminate, clasping; flowers in an interrupted thyrse, corolla lilac to a darker shade, sterile filament densely bearded, curved. This grows on hillsides, Valverde, Berkeley, It is earlier than the two preceding, and in bloom in May and June. 297. Penstemon caeruleus NUTT. Stems simple, erect, densely flowered; corolla azure, leaves and stem glaucous, leaves lanceolate and long, often somewhat keeled. Common on the plains in spring. 298. Penstemon albidus NUTT. Viscid all over, about a foot or so high, flowers whitish. Rather common on the plains. Spring. 290. Penstemon gracilis NUTT. This has serrate leaves and a lilac corolla. Found by Miss Eaton on Clear Creek. 300. Mimulus Jamesii TORR. & GRAY. Leaves far apart on the long slender stems, round and often slightly reniform, flowers yellow. Along the Platte and Clear Creek. Summer. 301. Mimulus ringens L. Stems tall and erect, angled, simple, flowers blue, on long stalks. Rare. Along the Platte neai^ Valverde. Summer. 302. Veronica Americana L. Stems spreading diffusely on the ground, racemes numerous in the axils of the opposite (eaves, corolla blue, falling soon; pp^ swollen, leaves usually Flora of Denver. 39 short petioled, ovate, serrate. Growing in marshy places along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Spring and summer. 303. Veronica peregrina L. Stems erect, flowers in the axils of the leaves on short stalks, pods obcordate. Common along the ditches. Summer. 304. Gerardia tenuifolia VAHL. Stems simple up to the inflorescence, where it branches into several racemes, corolla rose color, pods round, half covered by the toothed calyx. The form here is var. maarophylla Beiith. Found in marshy places along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Fall. 305. Castilleia Integra GRAY. (PAINTER'S BRUSH.) Stems erect, usually branching from near the base, bracts bright scarlet, covering all the flowers except the long beak of the corolla, which extends nearly an inch beyond. On the Val- verde and Berkeley hills. Spring to fall. 306. Orthoca'rpus luteus NUTT. Erect, simple, leafy- stemmed, viscid and hispid, corolla yellow with an inflated sac-like lower lip. The leaves and bracts are not colored. Rare, Clear Creek, near Berkeley. Summer. OROBANCHACE>*E. (Broom-Rape Family.) 307. Aphyllon fasciculatum GRAY. Stem white or brown- ish, flowers tinged with purple, on long peduncles. Parasite on sagebrush, the root is round and fleshy. South Denver. Summer. 308. Aphyllon Ludovicianum GRAY. Spikes densely flow- ered, often compound or several from the same root. Para- sitic on sagebrush or Bigelovia. Less common than the pre- ceding. North Denver, near Argo. Summer. VERBENACE^. (Verbena Family.) 309. Verbena hastata L- Tall, leafless spikes numerous and clustered at top of the stem, corolla blue. Along the Platte. Summer to fall. 40 Flora of Denver. 310. Verbena stricta VENT. Erect and densely leaved, white hairy all over, flowers in dense spikes at the top of the stem, but leafy at the base of the clusters. Near Montclair. Summer. 311. Verbena bracteosa MICHX. Decumbent stems branch- ing from the base, leaves variously cut on the margins, spikes dense, bracts leafy, flowers small, corolla blue. Very common on the plains. Summer to fall. 312. Verbena Aubletia L. This resembles the cultivated Verbena in the shape of the flower clusters and manner of growth, corolla large, dark lilac. Valverde, on the hills. Early summer. 313. Lippia lanceolata MICHX. Stems many, long and creeping, leaves narrowed to the stalk, serrate above; flowers in a dense head which becomes spike-like with age. Corolla pink. LABIATE. (Mint Family.) 314. Mentha Canadensis L. (MiXT.) Small lilac flowers, clustered in the axils of the upper leaves. Common along the ditches. Summer. 315. Mentha viridis L. (SPEARMINT.) Escaped from cul- tivation. North Denver. Summer. 316. Lycopus sinuatus ELL. (\VATER-HOREHOUXD.) The few sessile flowers clustered in the axils of the sharply serrate leaves, calyx with five long, awn-like divisions. Along the ditches, etc. Common. Summer. 317. Pycnanthemum lanceolatum PURSH. Reported from near Denver by Dr. Smith. 318. Hedeoma hispida PUKSII. Stems simple or branched below into simple branches, flowers clustered all along the stems in the axils of the short linear leaves. Corolla small, blue, as long as the two-lipped bristly calyx. Along the Platte near Vnlverde. Summer. It grows in dense patches. Flora of Denver. 41 319. Salvia lanceoUta WILLD. From low and simple- stemmed to tall and branching diffusely, corolla blue, small but exceeding the calyx, which is persistent and becomes brown when dry. Usually flowers and fruit on same plant at the same time. Summer and fall. 320. Monarda fistulosa L. (WILD BERGAMOT.) Sweet scented, heads of large purple flowers at the top of the stem with an involucre of green bracts. Along the Platt". Sum- mer. 321. Monarda citriodora CERV. (HORSE-MINT.) Stems many from the root, flowers densely clustered in the upper axils, bracts and calyx teeth having branching bristles that are often purplish, corolla tube as long as the calyx. On -the plains. Summer. 322. Nepeta Cataria L. (CATNIP.) Introduced along the Platte near Valverde. 323. Dracocephalum parviflorum NUTT. (DRAGON-HEAD.) Tall, branching from the base, flowers in a spike at the top of the stems, bracts numerous, bristle-toothed, calyx two-lipped, upper lip ovate-acuminate, lower 3-cleft, all bristle-tipped; co- rolla small, lilac, almost concealed by the calyx and bracts. Along the Platte. Summer. 324 Scutellaria resinosa TORR. (SKULLCAP.) This has slender running root stalks and many low stems, flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, but sometimes blooming from the base of the stem, large, deep blue, calyx large, inflated, whole plant resinous. Common on the plains of North Denver on the sandy hills. Spring and early summer. 325. Scutellaria galericulata L. Taller, usually branching above, leaves more scattered. This grows in wet places along the Platte. Summer. 326. Brunella vulgaris L. (SELF-HEAL.) Branching from the root, the pairs of leaves distant, flowers in a spike at the 42 Flora of Denver. top of the stem, bracts very broad and rounding, ciliate and veiny, corolla bright purple. Along the Platte. Summer. 327. Stachys palustris L. (WOUXDWORT.) Stem tall and -erect, rough, hairy spike at the top of stem, interrupted, corolla pink. This is without an aromatic odor. Common in damp places. Summer. PLANTAGINACE^E. (Plantain Family.) 328. Plantago major L. The common plantain with broad veiny leaves. Common. Summer and fall. 329. Plantago Patagonica JACQ. var. gnaphalioides GRAY. This is the low, white, woolly plantain of the prairies; the flow- ers are in dense and numerous spikes, corolla is white and pa- pery. Common in the spring, often covering the ground for acres with a silvery foliage. 330. Plantago lanceolata L. Introduced. Not common. NYCTAGINACE/E. (Four-o'clock Family.) 331. Oxybaphus nyctagfneus SWEET. This has purple flowers and heart-shaped leaves. The stem is tall and branched. Along the Platte and Cherry Creek in the shade. Summer. The var. obfamgif6liw is found along the ditches in the open country. 332. Oxybaphus angustifolius SWEET. This has long linear leaves, calyx delicate and white, involucre papery, fruit hoary. Common on the plains in late summer. These open in the evening. The var. oblongifolius also grows at Denver along the ditches. 333. Abroniafragrans XUTT. (FRAGRANT ABRONIA.) Stems thick and fleshy, many from the root, spreading along the ground; umbels axillary on the long peduncles, head of fruit globular, flowers white and with a strong sweet perfume, which causes it to be wrongly named wild heliotrope. Common in sandy places. Summer. Flora of Denver. 43 334. Abronia micrantha TORR. Wings of fruit fleshy, pink veined, forming a round head, flowers small. Not common. Summer, AMARANTACE^E. (Amaranth Family.) 335. Amarantus retroflexus L. (PiG-WEED.) Tall and stout, spikes at tips of branches thick and erect, bracts awned. A common weed. Fall. i 336. Amarantus albus L. Rather low, diffusely branch- ing, leaves and bracts awned, clusters of flowers small and axillary; seed wrinkled, black or dark red and shiny. Com- mon in the fall. \ 337. Amarantus blitoides WATSON. Prostrate, leaves ob- tuse with a very short awn, clusters of flowers axillary; seed shining, black, not wrinkled, larger than the preceding. Com- mon in the fall. 338. Amarantus Torreyi BENTH. Spreading from the base with long branching ascending stems, often dioecious, the spikes at the ends of the branches very long and slender, often gracefully curved- In sandy ground. North Denver and Capitol Hill near Eighth Avenue. Fall. 339. Acnfda tubercula'ta MOQ. North Denver. Fall. 340. Frcelfchia gracilis MOQ. White-woolly, leaves clus- tered near root, crests on the calyx stiff. 341. Frcelfchia Floridana MOQ. Stem leafless ab'ove, teeth on the calyx irregular. CHENOPODIACEiE. (Goosefoot Family.) 342. Cyclocloma platyphyllum MOQ. The diffusely branching purple or green tumble weed. North ' Denver. Fall. 343. Chenopo'dium album. (LAMB'S-QUARTER.) Com- mon. Introduced probably. Flora of Denver. 344 Chenopodium hybridum L. Near Denver reported by Dr. Smith. 345- Chenopodium glaucum L. Rather common. Fall. 346. Chenopodium corniitum BEXTH. & HOOK. Aromatic glandular, flowers small and very much crowded in long spikes at the ends of the stems. Along the Platte near Valverde. Summer and fall. 347. Chenopodium capitatum WATSON.' (SQUAW-PAINT.) Clusters of fruit red and fleshy. Reported by Dr. Smith and B. H. Smith. 348. Chenopodium urbicum L. On Euclid Street above Goss Street in North Denver. 349. Monolepis chenopodioides MOQ. Rather common. 350. Atriplex patulum L. var. hastatum GRAY. Common in North Denver. Fall. 351. Atriplex argenteum NTTT. North Denver. Sum- mer. 352. Atriplex cane'scens JAMES. A shrub, Berkeley. Summer and fall. 353. Atriplex roseum L. Introduced in North Denver near where the Sixteenth Street cable turns. Fall. 354. Suckleya petiolaris GRAY. Found near Denver by Thomas Meehan. 355. Eurotia lanata MOQ. (WHITE-SAGE, WINTER-FAT.) Valverde Hills near Riverside cemetery. Summer. Fall. 356. Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Common in North Denver and near Arlington Park. Fall. 357. Suaeda depressa WATSON var. erecta WATSON. Stems from a woody base, leaves round, fleshy, and crowded. North Denver. Fall. 358. Salsola Kali L. Introduced along the railroad tracks. Summer and fall. Flora of Denver. 45 POLYGONACE^E. (Buckwheat Family.) 359. Eriogonum heracleoides NUTT. Clusters in com- pound umbels with the rays often branched, flowers yellow, smooth. Clear Creek, found by Miss E. Eaton. Summer. 360. Eriogonum annuum NUTT. Entire plant white, tall, sometimes branching but usually simple to the cymose clus- ters. Common on the plains. Summer. 361. Eriogonum cernuum NUTT. Diffusely branching, clusters numerous on deflexed pedicels, flowers white, becom- ing pink. Near Valverde on the Denver and Rio Grande railroad track. Summer. 362. Eriogonum microthecum NUTT. var. effusum TORR. & GRAY. Low, branching from a woody base, cyme of small clusters very much branched. Common on the plains. Fall. 363. Rumex venosus PURSH. Easily distinguished by the large rose colored veiny valves and the thickly clustered flow- ers. Near Cherry Creek, North Denver. Early summer. 364. Rumex salicifolius WEINMANN. The common narrow leaved Rumex. Common. Summer to fall. 365. Rumex Acetosella L. The common sorrel. Intro- duced. Not common. 366. Polygonum erectum L. Branches leafy to the sum- mit. 367. Polygonum ramossfssimum MICHX. Branching above, yellowish, upper leaves bract-like. 368. Polygonum tenue MICHX. Slender and rather low, spikes distantly flowered. In wet places. Valverde. Fall. 369. Polygonum aviculare L. (KNOT-GRASS) The very common introduced prostrate Polygonum. 370. Polygonum Pennsylvanicum L. Stems very tall, five or six feet and leafy, upper part covered with glandular 46 Mora of Denver. bristles; flowers in a close spike, rose color. Valverde, in a swampy place where the vegetation was all tall. 371. Polygonum amphfbium L. Aquatic, with floating leaves and spikes of rose-colored flowers. In a pond between Denver and Morrison. Summer. 372. Polygonum Muhlenbergii WATSON. In muddy places with creeping stems. Similar to the preceding. Along the Platte. Summer. 373. Polygonum Hartwrightii GRAY. (SMART-WEED.) Branched from the base, slender stems often rooting at the joints. Spikes of rose-colored flowers, numerous. Common along the ditches, etc. 374. Polygonum Hydropiper L. Small, few-flowered spikes terminating the slender stems, flowers white. Along the Platte. Common in marshy spots. Fall. 375. Polygonum dumetorum L. var. scandens GRAY. Sim- ilar in appearance to the morning-glory vine. Common. SANTALACEiE. (Sandal-wood Family.) 376. Comandra pallida DC. Stems many from a woody root, glaucous, terminated by umbels of creamy flowers, petals rather thick and sometimes tinged with pink. Common on the plains .and along the Platte. Spring. EUPHORBIACEiE. (Spurge Family.) 377. Euphorbia petaloidea EXGELM. Prostrate, leaves en- tire with fringe-like stipules. Common. Seeds reddish. Sum- mer and fall. 378. Euphorbia glyptosperma EXGELM. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. 379. Euphorbia maculata L. Prostrate, leaves serrate, seeds 4-angled and each side grooved, the whole plant becom- ing red. Common. Summer and fall. Flora of Denver. 47 380. .Euphorbia hexagona NUTT. Found by T. C. Porter near Denver. 381. Euphorbia marginata PURSH. (SNOW-ON-THE-MOUN- TAIN, MARGINED-SPURGE). Leaves usually white margined, markings variable. Common on the plains. Summer to fall. 382. Euphorbia dentata MICHX. Tall and erect, leaves often blotched with purplish red. Common in the late sum- mer and fall. 383. Euphorbia dictyosperma FISCH. AND MEYER. An- nual, pod warty, seeds veined. Along the Platte. Summer. 384. Euphorbia montana ENGELM. Pod smooth, seeds dotted, very leafy. Common along the Platte. CALLITRICHACE^E. 385. Callltriche verna L. In stagnant water, near Val- verde. URTICACE/E. (Nettle Family.) 386. Urtica gracilis AIT. (NETTLE.) Along streams, not very common. 387. Humulus Lupulus L. (HOP-VINE.) Along the Platte. Common. CUPULJFERjE. (Oak Family.) Btwaoft Lfl: 388. Betula occidentalis HOOK. Along the Platte near Denver. Coulter. 389. Alnus vfridis AIT. Along the Platte near Valverde. SALICINEjE. (Willow Family.) 390. Salix amygdaloides ANDERS. Leaves narrowed to a very fine point, glaucous beneath, serrate, catkins on leafy pe- duncles. Along the Platte. North Denver. Common- 48 Flora of Den>->-/ . 391. Salix longifolia MUHL. Leaves narrow, lanceolate, sparingly short, bristly-toothed, canescent with fine close hairs especially on the young shoots. Common along the streams, latest in bloom. 392. Salix cordata MUHL. Near Denver. Coulter. 393. Salix irrorata ANDERS. Leaves with yellow midrib and very glaucous beneath. I have not the flowers or fruit of this. Along the Platte near Valverde bridge. 394. Populus balsamifera L. var. candicans GRAY. The common broad-leaved cottonwood. Along the Platte and the ditches. 395. Populus angustifolia JAMES. The narrow or willow- leaved cottonwood. Along the Platte and the ditches. IRIDACE/E. (Iris Family.) 396. Iris Missouriensis XUTT. (BLUE-FLAG.) In a meadow near Baker's Pond near the Larimer Street viaduct Spring. 397. Sisyrinchium mucronatum MICHX. (BLUE-EYED GRASS.) Along the Platte. Summer. Not common. LILIACE^E. (Lily Family.) 398. Allium reticulatum FRASER. The wild onion with umbels of white flowers. North Denver. Spring. 399. Leucocrinum montanum NUTT. (WHITE PRAIRIE- LILY.) One of the earliest flowers, with long, grass-like leaves and delicate white fragrant lilies from an erect root stalk. Common on the plains. Spring. The seeds ripen under the ground. 400. Smilacfna stellata DESF. (FALSE SOLOMON'S-SEAL.) Leaves numerous and clasping, small delicate white flowers in a short, terminal raceme. Berries at first striped with red, when fully ripe red all over. In shady spots along the Platte and Cherry Creek. Flora of Denver. 49 401. Yucca angustifolia PURSH. (SOAP-WEED. SPANISH- BAYONET.) With bayonet-shaped leaves and a raceme of droop- ing flowers which are thick and large, cream color and usually tinged with pink. Common on the plains. Summer. 402. Calochortus Gunnisoni WATSON. (MARIPOSA LILY.) This was found near Clear Creek, about six miles from the city by Albert Eaton. He reports it as very abundant. 403. Zygadenus Nuttallii GRAY. Bulb like an onion, bur- ied deep, stem with leaves crowded near the base, few-leaved above. Raceme densely flowered on the long scape. On the plains. Rather common. Spring. COMMELYNACE^E. (Spiderwort Family.) 404. Tradescantia Virgmica L. (SPIDERWORT.) Stems leafy, flowers deep blue in a sessile umbel. Common. Spring and earl y summer. JUNCACE^. (Rush Family.) 405. Liizula spicata DESF. Dr. Smith. 406. Juncus Balticus DETH. var. montanus ENGELM. Com- mon. 407. Juncus bufonius L. Common along Cherry Creek and the Platte. 408 Juncus longistylis TORR. Dr. Smith and B. H. Smith. 409. Juncus nodosus L. var. megacephalus TORR. Dr. Smith and B. H. Smith. TYPHACE^E. (Cat-Tail Family.) 410. Typha latifolia L. (CAT-TAIL.) Common in the ponds and marshes. 411. Sparganium eurycarpum ENGELM. (BuR-REED.) Steins tall and stout; clusters of fruit globular, lower on stalks, upper sessile. In a marsh near Valverde. Summer. 50 Flora of Denver. . LEMNACEv^E. (Duckweed Family.) 412. Lemna minor L. (DucK WEED.) A tiny two-leaved plant that floats on the water, often making the surface of small ponds green. Along the Platte. ALISMACE^. (Water-Plantain Family ) 413. Alisma Plantago L. Leaves on long stalks, plantain like; umbels of flowers whorled, either simple or compound; flowers white, small. Common along the Platte. Summer and fall. 414. Sagittaria variabilis ENGELM. Leaves arrow-shaped; flowers delicate, white. Common in the marshes. Summer. NAIADACE/E. (Pondweed Family.) 415. Potamogeton natans L. In ponds, etc. Net com- mon. Summer to fall. It grows in a small pond near Argo an Lesquerella 6 Leucocrinum '. 48 Liatris. 20 Liliaceae 48 Linacese 8 Linum '. 8 Lippia. - 40 Lithospernmrn 35, 36 Loasacese 17 Lobelia 30 Lobeliacese 30 Lonicera 19 Lupinus 10 Luzula 49 Lychnis 7 Lycopus 40 Lygodesmia , 29 Lythracese 15 Lythrum 15 Malva 8 Malvaceae 8 Malvastrum 8 Mamillaria 17 Marsilia 53 Medicago 10 Melilotus 10- Mentha 40 Mentzelia 17 Mertensia 35 Mimulus 38 Monarda 41 56 Index. PAGE. Monolepia 44 Muhlenbergia 51 Munroa 52 Must-muni 18 Myosurus 3 Xaiadacese 50 Nasturtium 5 Xegundo 9 Xepeta 41 Xyctaginacese 42 (Enothera 15, 16 Onagracese 15 Onosmodium 36 Opuntia 17, 18 Orobanchaceae 39 Orthocarpus 39 Orvzopsis 51 Oxalis 9 Oxybaphus 42 Oxytropis 13 Panicum 50, 51 Papaveracese 4 Pastinaca 18 Pentstemon : 38 Petalostemon 11 Peucedanum 8 Phacelia 34 Phalaris 51 Phleum 51 Phlox 32 Phmgmites 52 Physalis 37 Physaria Rhus 9 Ribes... 15 PAGE. Rosa 14 Rosacese 13 Rubus 13 Rudbeckia 24 Rumex 45 Sagittaria 50 Salicinea? 47 Salix 47, 48 S'alsola 44 Salvia " 41 Santalaceae 46 Sapindacese 9 Saponaria 8 Saxifraga 14 8axifragaoese 14 Schedonnardus 52 Scirpus 50 Scrophularia. 37 Scropliulariacece 37 Scutellaria 41 Senecio 28 Setaila 51 Sidaloea.:. 8 Silene 7 Sisymbrimn 6 Sisyrinchium 48 Smilacena 48 iSolanacese 37 Solanum 37 Solidago 20, 21 Sonchus 30 Sopbora 10 Sparganium 49 Spartina 51 Specularia 30 Sporobolus ;"2 Stachy? 42 Steironema 31 stej»hanoineria 28 Stipa 51 Suit-da 44 Suckleya... 44 Symphoricarpos 19 Talinum 8 Taraxacum 29 Thalictrum 3 Thelesperma 25 Thermopsis 9 Townsendia 21 TradeBcantia 49 Tragopogori 29 Trifolium 10 Troximon. 29 Typha 49 Typhacea? 49 Umbellifewe IS Index. 57 PAGE. PAGE. Urtica 47 Viola 7 Urticaceae 47 Violacese 7 Verbena 39, 40 Vitacese 9 Verbenaceae 39 Vitis 9 Verbesina 25 Xanthium 24 Veronica.. 38, 39 Yucca 49 Vicia.. 13 Zygadenus , 49 ZO A WESTERN BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL. 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