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WELLS POSTILLA Published by the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University Postilla includes results of original research on systematic, evolution- ary, morphological, and ecological biology, including paleontology. Syntheses and other theoretical papers based on research are also welcomed. Postilla is intended primarily for papers by the staff of the Peabody Museum or on research using material in this Museum. Editors: Zelda Edelson, Elizabeth G. Weinman, Elise K. Kenney. Postilla is published at frequent but irregular intervals. Manuscripts, orders for publications, and all correspondence concerning publications should be directed to: Publications Office Peabody Museum of Natural History New Haven, Conn., 06520, U.S.A. Lists of the publications of the Museum are available from the above office. These include Postilla, Bulletin, Discovery, and special publica- tions. Postilla and the Bulletin are available in exchange for relevant publications of other scientific institutions anywhere in the world. Inquiries regarding back numbers of the discontinued journal, Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, should be directed to: Walter J. Johnson, Inc. 111 Fifth Avenue New York, N.Y. 10003. SOME SHALLOW WATER AHERMATYPIC CORALS FROM BERMUDA JOHN W. WELLS Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (Received January 13, 1971; revised February 2, 1972) ABSTRACT Four ahermatypic scleractinian corals from shallow water in caves in Ber- muda are described: Astrangia solitaria (Lesueur), Coenocyathus goreaui ‘Sp. nov., Guynia annulata Duncan, and Rhizopsammia bermudensis sp. nov. POSTILLA 156: 10P. 14 JULY 1972 2 POSTILLA 156 INTRODUCTION Although the living hermatypic coral fauna of the Bermuda reef tract is now fairly well known (Laborel, 1966), the only record of shallow water aherma- types from this area is a brief reference by Verrill (1901, p. 183) to a small Astrangia, that may have been A. solitaria, mentioned in a letter to Verrill by G. Browne Goode. The present note is a small addition to this almost unknown part of the Bermuda coral fauna, although a number of species have been recorded from deeper water (Moseley, 1881; Verrill, 1901; Squires, 1959). In the summer of 1966, during the course of a seminar directed by K. E. Chave at the Bermuda Biological Station (NSF Grant GB-3066), R. N. Ginsburg, E. A. Shinn and J. H. Schroeder blasted some reefs in the North Lagoon (Ginsburg, Shinn and Schroeder, 1967). As a by-product of this investigation, Dr. Schroeder recognized the presence of several corals, living and dead, in cavities in the reef rock and kindly sent them to me. The corals in question were found in two blasted reefs (Haversack East and Haversack West) at the North East Breakers, about 3.5 nautical miles east of North Rock (HO Chart 27, U.S. Naval Hydrographic Office). ORDER SCLERACTINIA SUBORDER FAVIINA FAMILY RHIZANGIIDAE Genus Astrangia Milne Edwards and Haime 1848 Astrangia solitaria (Lesueur) 1817 Figures 1-5 Caryophyllia solitaria Lesueur, 1817. J. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia 1:179; pl 8; fig. 10. Caryophyllia solitaria Lesueur, 1820. Mém. Mus. Hist. Natur. Paris 6: 273: plitss figs: Caryophyllia solitaria Dana, 1846. U.S. Exploring Exped., Zoophytes p. 383. Cladocora arbuscula Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849. (pars) Ann. Sci. Natur. Zool. Ser. 3, 11:307. Cladocora arbuscula Milne Edwards and Haime, 1857. (pars) Hist. Natur. Corall. 2:595. Astrangia neglecta et granulata Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1861. Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino Ser. 2, 19:355; pl. 9, figs. 13, 14; pl. 10, figs. 3, 4. Astrangia neglecta et granulata Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1866. Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino Ser. 2, 23:185. Astrangia solitaria Verrill, 1864. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 1(4):47. Astrangia solitaria Pourtalés, 1871. Illus. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard No. 4:31, 79. BERMUDIAN AHERMATYPIC CORALS FIG. 1. Astrangia solitaria (Lesueur). YPM No. 8496, ESE of North Rock, Bermuda. x1. FIGS. 2, 3. Calices of YPM No. 8496. x4. FIG. 4. Lateral aspect of corallite of YPM No. 8496. x4. FIG. 5. Astrangia solitaria (Lesueur). YPM No. 8497. North East Breakers (Haversack West), Bermuda. Dead, elongate corallites. x 1. 4 POSTILLA 156 Astrangia solitaria Pourtalés, 1880. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 7; pl. 12, figs. 8-12. Astrangia solitaria Duncan, 1890. J. Linn. Soc. London Zool. 20:569. Astrangia solitaria var. portoricensis Vaughan. 1901. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1900. 2:298; pl. 1, fig. 6. Astrangia solitaria Duerden, 1902. Mem. Natur. Acad. Sci. 8:522; pl. 5, figs. 43-45; pl. 6, fig. 47. Astrangia braziliensis Vaughan, 1906. Proc. U.S. Natur. Mus. 30:848; pl. 77, figs. 3-6. Astrangia solitaria van der Horst, 1927. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 25:159. Astrangia solitaria Lewis, 1960. Can. J. Zool. 38:1135. Astrangia solitaria Almy and Carri6n-Torres, 1963. Caribbean J. Sci. 3:155; pl. 15a. Astrangia solitaria Roos, 1964. Studies Fauna Curacao 20:48. Astrangia solitaria Goreau and Wells, 1967. Bull. Marine Sci. 17:448. The best description of this species is that by Pourtalés (1871). Increase is mainly by extratentacular budding from the stolonlike expansions between the bases of corallites and occasionally from the sides of corallites, followed by eventual loss of organic connection between polyps. The cylindrical corallites are as much as 20 mm in height with calicular diameters of 3-4 mm. All septae dentate, about 36 in number. MATERIAL. YPM No. 8496 (Figs. 1-4), from blasted boiler ESE of North Rock, Bermuda, less than 0.7 m below low tide; also YPM No. 8497 (Fig. 5), from cavity in reef rock, North East Breakers (Haversack West), Ber- muda: recently dead, with Coenocyathus goreaui and Guynia annulata. DISTRIBUTION. Widely spread in shallow water in western Atlantic and West Indies: Guadeloupe (types), Barbados, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Ja- maica (1.5-43 m); Cuba; Florida Reefs, off Florida 573 m (but dead speci- mens, Pourtalés, 1871); Honduras; Panama; Bahia, Brazil; Fernanda de Noronha. SUBORDER CARYOPHYLLIINA FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE Genus Coenocyathus Milne Edwards and Haime 1848 Coenocyathus goreaui sp. nov. Figures 6-10 DESCRIPTION. Small, subfasciculate colonies, increasing by extratentacular budding from the edge—zone on sides of corallites well below the calicular margin. Corallites gently tapering, up to 20 mm in height with equal, flat, BERMUDIAN AHERMATYPIC CORALS 5 FIG. 6. Coenocyathus goreaui sp. nov. Holotype, YPM No. 8498. North East Breakers (Haversack East), Bermuda. Group of corallites. x 4. FIGS. 7, 8. Calices of holotype, YPM No. 8498. x4. FIGS. 9, 10. Coenocyathus goreaui sp. nov. YPM No. 8499. North East Break- ers (Haversack West). Recently dead colony. x1. FIGS. 11, 12: Guynia annulata Duncan. YPM No. 8497. North East Breakers (Haversack West), Bermuda. Recently dead corallites attached to Coenocyathus goreaui (FIG. 11) and Astrangia solitaria (FIG. 12). x 16. 6 POSTILLA 156 strongly granulated costae corresponding to all septa and tending to become obsolete below calice margin. Calices circular, deep, 4-6 mm in diameter, averaging 4.5 mm. Septa arranged 8/8/16-18, nearly equal in thickness, laterally granulated, free on inner edges; the eight primary septa more exsert than the rest and extending nearly to the columella, the eight sec- ondaries slightly less exsert, bearing prominent, stout, crispate pali, and the 16-18 tertiary septa still shorter, extending less than half-way to the colu- mella. Columella composed of two (occasionally one) stout, crispate columns shorter than the encircling pali. In very young corallites 0.4 mm in diameter, there are 6 septa; at 0.7 mm there are 12, arranged 6/6 with a single colum- ellar tubercle. The full complement of 8/8/16 septa is attained at a rather late stage: at 3 mm some calices have 6/6/12 septa with 6 pali, and others from the same stock have 32 septa with 8 pali at the same diameter. The polyps of the holotype were pale pink when alive. HOLOTYPE. YPM No. 8498 (Figs. 6-8), from cavity in reef rock North East Breakers (Haversack East), Bermuda. Another colony, YPM No. 8499 (Figs. 9, 10), recently dead, is from Haversack West. DISTRIBUTION. Known at present only from cavities in reef rock in area of the North East Breakers, Bermuda. REMARKS. Living species of Coenocyathus occur typically in the Mediter- ranean eastern Atlantic, with the exception of the present species, C. bowersi Vaughan (1906) from California, and C. sagamiensis Eguchi (1968) from Sagami Bay, Japan. Duchassaing’s specimen of C. cylindrus from Guade- loupe (1870), preserved in the Paris Museum, is not Coenocyathus but is identical to Caryophyllia maculata Pourtalés, a quasi—colonial species, as is also Coenocyathus bartschi Wells (1947). Coenocyathus goreaui, named in honor of the late T. F. Goreau, is readily distinguished from the other Recent species (C. cylindrus Milne Edwards and Haime, C. dohrni Doederlein, C. giesbrechti Doederlein, and C. lobatus Chevalier) by the octameral arrangement of septa and pali in mature calices, and by its smaller mature corallites. In these respects it is like the Pacific Caryophyllia octopali Vaughan (1907), a solitary form, and C. octopali var. incerta Vaughan which is quasi-colonial. Caryophyllia rugosa Moseley (1881) is another small octameral species from the Pacific with strongly wrinkled or rugose epitheca. FAMILY GUYNIIDAE Genus Guynia Duncan 1873 Guynia annulata Duncan 1873 Figures 11-14 BERMUDIAN AHERMATYPIC CORALS 7 FIG. 13. Guynia annulata Duncan. YPM No. 8497. Corallite with 12 septa (upper 2 mm of calice broken away). X 16. FIG. 14. Guynia annulata Duncan. YPM No. 8497. Lateral aspect of corallite attached to Astrangia solitaria. < 16. FIG. 15. Rhizopsammia bermudensis sp. nov. Holotype, YPM No. 8500. North East Breakers (Haversack East), Bermuda. x1. (At extreme right center is soli- tary corallite of Coenocyathus goreaui). FIG. 16, 17. Rhizopsammia bermudensis sp. nov. Calices of holotype. x 4. 8 POSTILLA 156 Guynia annulata Duncan, 1873. Zool. Soc. London Trans. 8:335; pl. 47, figs. 9-16. Guynia annulata Pourtalés, 1874. Illus. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard No. 8:44; pl. 9, figs. 3, 4. Guynia annulata Pourtalés, 1878. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 5:209, Guynia annulata Pourtalés, 1880. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 6:112. Guynia annulata Rossi, 1961. Rés. Sci. “Calypso” Fasc. 5:34. Guynia sp. nov. Goreau and Wells, 1967. Bull. Marine Sci. 17:449. Guynia annulata Zibrowius, 1968. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 93:327-328. This inconspicuous, photophobic coral, whose polyp has not yet been ob- served, is very easily overlooked. Its very small size, scolecoid growth form, deep calice and lateral attachment give it the aspect of calcareous worm tubes amongst which it commonly occurs, but from which it is distinguished by the whitish spots on the thin wall and the presence of septa. The Bermuda specimens and some from Jamaica appear to have 12 rather than 16 septa, a condition, if constant, that might indicate a distinct species, although some Jamaican examples have 16. In his original description of the species, Dun- can noted that of the specimens from the one haul on Adventure Bank, three had 12 septa. Zibrowius (1968) noted 12 septa in specimens from caves near Marseilles. MATERIAL. YPM No. 8497 (Figs. 11-14), from cavity in reef rock, North East Breakers (Haversack West), Bermuda: recently dead, associated with Astrangia solitaria and Coenocyathus goreaui. DISTRIBUTION. Mediterranean: Adventure Bank, 178 m (types); Santorin (Thera), Cyclades Is.; Crete, 30 m; off Marseilles in caves, 3 m; Bermuda; West Indies: Barbados, 183 m, Saba Bank, 274 m, Martinique, 591 m, Ja- maica, 60-80 m. SUBORDER DENDROPHYLLIINA FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE Genus Rhizopsammia Verrill 1869 Rhizopsammia bermudensis sp. nov. Figures 15-17 DESCRIPTION. Colonial, encrusting, increasing by extratentacular budding from reptant edge—zone. Corallites low (5-10 mm), slightly compressed— cylindrical (6 X 8 mm), irregularly spaced 2-10 mm apart, extensively interconnected basally by thin, expanded coenosteum. Calices deep (2-4 mm). Corallite walls thin, porous, with low, rounded, equal costae corre- sponding to the septa and extending over the coenosteum. Septa in four BERMUDIAN AHERMATYPIC CORALS 9 complete cycles (48); those of the first cycle exsert, peripherally spongy, axially imperforate, laterally and marginally smooth. All other septa non- exsert, highly perforate, inserted following the Pourtalés plan characteristic of most dendrophylliids. Columella deep, elongate, slender, formed by union of trabecular processes from the septa of the first two cycles. The polyps of the holotype were a rich salmon pink when alive. HOLOTYPE. YPM No. 8500 (Figs. 15-17). Cavity in reef rock, North East Breakers (Haversack East), Bermuda. DISTRIBUTION. Known at present only from region of the North East Break- ers, Bermuda. REMARKS. Until very recently, when Chevalier (1966) described a new species of Rhizopsammia from West Africa, living species of this genus were thought to be confined to the tropical Pacific from Panama westward to Indonesia. The present species further increases the known range of the genus. The corallites of R. bermudensis are much larger than those of the West _ African form, R. manuelensis Chevalier, the only other Atlantic species, and have more septa and a less robust columella. Of the Pacific species, R. pulchra Verrill (Panama), R. minuta van der Horst (Indonesia, Japan, and Marshall Islands), and R. nuda van der Horst (Singapore), all have smaller corallites. R. verrilli van der Horst (Indonesia) and R. chamissoi Wells (Bikini Atoll) have larger calices and stouter columellas. LITERATURE CITED Chevalier, J. P. 1966. Contribution a étude des madréporaires des cOtes occi- dentales de l’Afrique tropicale, Pt. 2. Inst. Francais Afrique Noire. Bull. Ser. A, 28:1356-1405; pls. 6-8, figs. 22-31. Duchassaing, P. 1870. Revue des zoophytes et des spongiaires des Antilles. Mas- son, Paris. 52 p., 2 pls. Eguchi, M. 1968. The hydrocorals and scleractinian corals of Sagami Bay. Biol. Lab. Imperial Household, Tokyo 15:C1—C80; 33 pls. Ginsburg, R. N., E. A. Shinn and J. H. Schroeder. 1967. Submarine cementation and internal sedimentation within Bermuda reefs. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstracts Program 1967 Meetings. Special Paper 115:78-79. Laborel, J. 1966. Contribution a l’étude des madréporaires des Bermudes (sys- tématique et répartition). Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur. Paris. Bull. Ser. 2, 38:281- BOOs ple fates: Moseley, H. N. 1881. On the deep-sea Madreporaria. Reps. Sci. Results Voyage H.M.S. “Challenger”, Zoology 2, pt. 7:127-208; pls. 1-16, 20 figs. Pourtalés, L. F. de. 1871. Deep-sea corals. Illus. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool Harvard No. 4. 93 p., 8 pls. Squires, D. F. 1959. Deep sea corals collected by the Lamont Geological Ob- servatory. I. Atlantic corals. Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist. Novitates No. 1965. 42 p., 24 figs. 10 POSTILLA 156 Vaughan, T. W. 1906. A new species of Coenocyathus from California, and the Brazilian astrangid corals. U.S. Nat. Mus. Proc. 30:847-850; pls. 77-78. Vaughan, T. W. 1907. Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 59:ix + 427 p; 96 pls., 1 fig. Verrill, A. E. 1901. Comparisons of the Bermudian, West Indian, and Brazilian coral faunae. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci. Trans. 11:169-206; pls. 10-35. Wells, J. W. 1947. Coral studies. V. A new Coenocyathus from Florida. Bull. Amer. Paleont. 35:170-171; pl. 11, figs. 2, 3. Zibrowius, H. 1968. Note préliminaire sur la présence a Marseille de quatre madréporaires peu connus.. . . Soc. Zool. France Bull. 93:325-330. REVIEW STYLE FORM TITLE ABSTRACT NOMENCLATURE ILLUSTRATIONS FOOTNOTES TABLES REFERENCES \UTHOR’S COPIES PROOF COPYRIGHT INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS The Publications Committee of the Peabody Museum of Natural History reviews and approves manuscripts for publication. Papers will be published in approximately the order in which they are accepted; delays may result if manuscript or illustrations are not in proper form. To facilitate review, the original and one carbon or xerox copy of the typescript and figures should be submitted. The author should keep a copy. Authors of biological papers should follow the Style Manual for Biological Journals, Second Edition (Amer. Inst. Biol. Sci.). 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