eRe ran pect Net Restor ar ese we * 4 Si Fctiesia BONS ee ser an ma fe ieee i hae ee re Peet Serhan? Oe ra eerste ate eh Sate Laat s se ed HARVARD UNIVERSITY Mele EO LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology 7 as Ms Sas ee et vY 4 @ daa MUS, COMP, ZOOL! 1.) BRARY Ser 8 1984 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Ce PEasopy Museum or Natura. History Yate UNIVERSITY Number 82 June 5, 1964 New Haven, Conn. A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE DISTINCT A GROUP OF THE WOLEF-SPIDER GENUS PARDOSA IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (ARANEIDA, LYCOSIDAE) Beatrice R. Vocer' Universiry oF CoLtorapo Museum, Bounper, CoLorabo INTRODUCTION The distincta group of the genus Pardosa in America north of Mexico is a group of six closely related species. Their phy- letic relationship is indicated by similar color pattern and geni- tal morphology, and five of the six species occupy the “same” habitat. Five of the species, P. montgomeryi, P. orophila, P. utahensis, P. xerophila and P. yavapa are found in the Rocky Mountain states from New Mexico north through Wyoming. P. distincta is found throughout the Rocky Mountains, includ- ing Canada, and eastward to New England. While P. distincta is one of the most frequently encountered Pardosa species in the Rocky Mountains, the other five species of the group are rarely seen because of their size and restricted choice of habitat. This paper is a taxonomic review of the group. 1 Present address: Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 2 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 81 \ Ml NNN Zam Figure la. Filinia pejleri sp. n. Ootacamund, Nilghiri Hills, S. India (holotype), X 230. Figure 1b. F. terminalis (Plate), first figured specimen, Dundee, Scotland; after Calman (1892). and as Voigt (1957) correctly indicates, recorded as F’. lon- giseta by Edmondson and Hutchinson (1934) from Ladakh and Kashmir. In F’. terminalis the insertion of the posterior appendage, if not terminal, is less and usually much less than SEP 8 1964 HARVARD June 1, 1964 Filinia terminalis and F. pejleri UNIVERSITY, 10u from the posterior end of the body. Such animals were regarded as a cyclomorphotic winter form of F'. longiseta by Slominski (1926), who seems to have found F. limnetica dur- ing the summer and F. terminalis during the rest of the year in the Polish locality that he studied. It is evident, however, that terminalis can occur as the only planktonic member cf the genus in a lake, as in the Mansfelder See (Colditz, 1914). Both Carlin (1943) and Pejler (1957a, b) make an excellent case for regarding terminalis as distinct from longiseta, though Carlin, following Edmondson and Hutchinson’s (1934) mis- identification of terminalis, believed the first valid name of the species to be major Colditz. There is also in Europe an array of forms in which the pos- tericr appendage is inserted well in front of the posterior apex of the body, the distance between insertion and posterior end varying from rather over 10y, in small to over 30y, in large specimens. In Scandinavia these animals can be separated into two discontinuous groups; in one the antericr appendages are less than 350y, long, in the other more than 400y, long. The ratio of posterior to anterior appendage length is greater in the first than in the second group. Carlin (1943) regarded the two groups as species; namely, F’. longiseta (Ehrenberg) living in ponds and F. limnetica (Zacharias) living in lakes. Voigt (1957) accepted Carlin’s separation, though it is very probable that Voigt’s conception of longiseta would include specimens of limnetica. Plotting the length of the posterior appendage against the mean length of the two anterior appendages for all specimens cf longiseta, terminalis and limnetica from Sweden, Pejler found evidence of two regression lines converging in an area secupied by points defining longiseta s. str. When, however, a double logarithmic plot is made it appears that the Scandina- vian data give envelopes around two parallel straight lines with a slope of about 1.33. One line runs through the envelopes of terminalis and longiseta, the other through that of limnetica. Pejler was doubtful as to the specific separation of longiseta and limnetica, since a few specimens, marked by saltires (>) in figure 2, taken in ponds and rivers in central Europe, ap- peared to be intermediate. In view of the great number of points 4 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 81 defining the envelopes, seventy for terminalis, forty-one for limnetica and seventeen for longiseta, it seems likely that these points, probably not related to the ordinary growth patterns of the individual species involved, represent introgressive hybrid- isation, or perhaps very large specimens of longiseta with broken posterior appendages. The specimens recorded as longi- seta from the lake at Ootacamund by Edmondson and Hutch- inson (1934) are certainly referable to F’. limnetica, as indi- cated by the open circles in figure 2. Parise (1961) has considered several Italian populations, which must be discussed in the present context (figure 3). FTERMINALIS KASHMIR AND LADAKH FPEJLERI ALL RECORDS FELIMNETICA NILGHIRI HILLS vate E cK LONGISETA C. EUROPE + 600 ly 500 oO