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MUS. COMP. ZOOL.
LIBRARY

Postilla APR 27 1966

HARVARD
UNIVERSITY,

PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

YALE UNIVERSITY
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.

Number 95 February 14, 1966

ADDITIONS TO THE AVIFAUNA OF NORTHERN
ANGOLA II

S. DILLON RIPLEY* AND GERD H. HEINRICH‘

INTRODUCTION

The present publication is a continuation of the report pub-
lished in Postilla no. 47, 1960. It refers to the same collection,
procured by Mr. and Mrs. Heinrich for the Peabody Museum
during the course of their expedition to Angola in 1957-1958.

We are indebted to Mr. Melvin H. Traylor, Chicago Natural
History Museum, who has examined and compared some of the
specimens treated in this publication and whose comments have
been most valuable to us. His current “Check-List of Angolan
Birds’ (1963) is the most definitive present paper on the area.

We should like to express here our deeply felt gratitude to Mrs.
Hildegard H. Heinrich during the expedition. Her courage and
fortitude were admirable in spite of having had to undergo a major
operation shortly after the arrival of the expedition in Luanda.

We should like to express our thanks, also, for the generous
hospitality and assistance granted to the expedition by the admin-
istration of the Diamond Company of Angola.

In the following annotated list, additional species of birds new
to Angola or extensions of range are listed along with noteworthy

* Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
* Dryden, Maine.

Z Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

ecological notes, or descriptions of voice or breeding condition.
We have not listed a summary of all the species taken by the
Heinrichs. For a map see p. 3, as well as our previous paper
(1960).

ANNOTATED LIST
Sarothrura rufa rufa (Vieillot)

MATERIAL. Southern Lunda, Cacolo, 1400 m alt—1 ¢ ad,
1.2 “ad:

In contrast to Sarothrura pulchra australis Neumann, this
species avoids wooded areas. Its habitat is restricted to open,
swampy or marshy belts at river sides or along brooks, wherever
dense cover of grass and rank low vegetation exists. Where the
same brook runs through open areas and tropical gallery wood,
the two rails, rufa and puichra, will be found alternately according
to the habitat.

The specimens listed above were trapped with nets in a small
area of reeds on separate days. During this time their voices could
be heard and noted. There were three different calls. One is a
rather deep, drumming sound, like “wuk-wuk-wtk-wtk-
wuk....” It was often answered by another note, perhaps five
tones higher, clearer and more lengthened “uk - uk - uk - tk -
uk... .” Sometimes a soft, somewhat throaty “kéi-k éi-kéi-
kéi-kéi-kéi....” was heard.

Sarothrura pulchra centralis Neumann, 1908.

This species inhabits the damp tropical rain forests of the low-
lands, wherever the deeply shadowed floor of the jungle is covered
by a thicket of low vegetation such as ferns or other big-leafed
plants. It is found as well in extended patches of jungle such as
in narrow belts of tropical gallery woods. Although it prefers the
neighborhood of small streams, it sometimes occurs also far away
from water.

The call of the male is a fairly low, slightly muffled, whistling
note, repeated about 6-7 times in a moderately fast sequence,
sounding like: “u.u.u.u.u.u.” Another, rarely heard call, probably
the warning, sounds like: “‘ticktickticktickticktick,” uttered in
rapid sequence. The voice of the female is very different. Heinrich
has heard it only once but failed to make notes.

imUS. COMP. ZOOL.
Feb. 14, 1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II LIBRARY.

COLLECTING LOCALITIES OF GERD HEINRICH IN
NORTH ANGOLA -1957-58

BELGIAN
CONGO
r—-—" | JPortdgalia

Hee

Y ) © Dundoe)Canza

\ Lake agrumbo Luachimo Ff
.) \

eVila Verissimo Sarmento

anzele ( :
)
x -hicapa , e@ 2omba (=-Sombo)
Duque de i e— ]

Lal &
f Bungo //(-Camissombo)
\

e Braganca

| RHODESIA
100 miles

ANGOLA 100 kilometers

The display call of the male described above is very similar to
the call of a muscicapid, Trochocerus nitens, which often shares
the biotope of Sarothrura pulchra. The two calls can be mistaken
for each other, as their timbre and sound is almost identical. The
main difference is that the sequence of notes is more rapid in the
call of the flycatcher.

Under the continuous cover of ground vegetation and between
dead branches and broken stalks hung with layers of dead leaves,
the white-spotted pigmy rail moves with the adroitness of a mouse,
not even a single stem trembling. Without the call of the male it
would stay invisible to human eyes. However, the male can be
easily lured by imitating its breeding call.

The breeding season coincides with the rainy season. Between
November and April the call of the rail can be heard continuously
in all dense tropical jungles. Calls and imitated answers may be
repeated countless times, while in the meantime the bird will
slowly and cautiously approach the supposed rival. Often enough
a rail may call from a few yards distance from the hunter’s feet

4 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

and still remain invisible. Most of the specimens which one of us
(H.) has lured have been seen at the end, but not all. Sometimes
the bird can be recognized between stalks and dead leaves only
by the pulsations of the throat. Once a rail has approached the
challenger and feels uncertain about the situation, it usually does
not cease to answer but muffles its voice considerably.

Cercococcyx olivinus Sassi, 1912.

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Norte, north of
Quiculungo, Bolongongo and plantation Canzele, 700 and 600 m
alt (new record)—2 ¢ ad in breeding condition, 15 Nov. and
27 Sept., 1957; weight: 68.5, 65 g; wing: 146, 147 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola of this species as
“Cuanza Norte at Ndala Tando and Camabetela.” However, its
unmistakable voice was heard by Heinrich several times in a relict
of tropical jungle near Gabela, Cuanza Sul.

In Angola it often shares the same habitat as mechowi Cabanis
but it is also found in smaller relicts of tropical forests where
mechowi does not occur, particularly in strips of tangled jungle,
interdigitating with open areas. In contrast to mechowi, this species
keeps more to the mid- and higher levels, found usually in the
dense foliage of the crowns of medium sized trees.

The normal call of the male is a two-syllabic “whistling cry”
which glides from the strongly accentuated first syllable, down to
the short second, a half note deeper and cut off: “huo.” This call
is doubled in immediate succession: “huo hto,” and this four-
syllabic tune is repeated at short intervals many times. The call
can be easily imitated by whistling. If this is done, the cuckoo will
answer eagerly, alternating with the calls of the observer. The voice
of C. olivinus is usually heard during the early hours of the
morning and in the evenings, rarely in the dry season, but with in-
creasing frequency at the beginning of the rainy season. The
caller is especially active during sultry weather and shortly before
a thunder shower. A somewhat different “song” seems to indicate
the highest degree of excitement. In this version the basic two-
syllabic cry is not doubled, but repeated many times in short,
gradually more and more abbreviated intervals, simultaneously
becoming louder, higher pitched and more and more eagerly

Feb. 14,1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 5

accentuated. This type of calling is audible for a long distance. It
cannot be compared with any other voice of a bird, except with
the call of the Koel Eudynamis scolopacea in Asia.

Cercococcyx mechowi Cabanis, 1882.

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Norte, north of
Quiculungo, plantation Canzele, 600 m alt—2 ¢ ad in breeding
eEondiion, 29 Oct. and. 2, Nov. - 1957;.sweight: 52:5, 57:5 g;
wing: 137 mm.

According to Traylor (1963) this species is “Known only from
the type, probably from Malange, and a specimen from the dense
tropical forest at Canzele, Cuanza Norte.”

Dense, liana-tangled, tropical rain forests at lower altitudes
form the home of this species. It shares this general habitat with
Cercococcyx olivinus Sassi but, in contrast to the latter, keeps to
the very depth of the dim and densest tangle and to the lower
floor of the jungle. The avian, associates of olivinus are char-
acterized by Bleda syndactyla, Illadopsis and some Pycnonotids
among which may be the suspected nesting hosts.

The usual call of this species is strangely different from all
other cuckoos and sounds rather like the voice of a passerine bird.
It is very sharp, a whistling note, always repeated three times
without interval in fast sequence, each one of these three notes
being very strongly accentuated, the last still stronger than the
two preceding: “hit - hit - hit.”” This three-syllabic whistle is often,
sometimes countless times, repeated, always with the same interval
of about one second. The call can be easily imitated by whistling,
but each whistled tone has to be terminated by a strongly pro-
nounced “‘t.” If the calling bird is challenged by a good imitation
of its voice, it will answer as long as the imitator continues to call.
With increasing excitement the bird will often change its place and
sometimes approach the challenger, nevertheless keeping so per-
fectly hidden in the low tangle of lianas that the observer will
rarely succeed in seeing it for an instant. At the climax of agitation
the bird sometimes abruptly breaks out into an angry clamour of
amazing sounds. This clamour is usually introduced by a three-
syllabic call, “tututo,” with the accent on the median syllable,
followed by a series of 15-20 two-syllabic sounds in very rapid

6 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

succession and of angry timbre, somewhat “ritardando” toward
the end of the series: “tutto - tjHotjuotjuotjuotjuotjiotjio. tjao. ..
tjGo.... Tuo... tjue:”

Centropus monachus occidentalis Neumann, 1908.

MATERIAL. Northern Angola, northern Malange, 42 km north
of Duque de Braganca, 1250 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad in
breeding condition, 5 Dec. 1957; weight: 210 g; wing: 176 mm.

According to Traylor (1963) this species is “Known only from
southern Cuanza Norte where it is found in savannahs and clear-
ings near forest.”

Campethera cailliautii permista (Reichenow )

MATERIAL. Angola, Cuanza Sul, district Calulo, Quitondo
(new record)—3 ¢ ad with gonads of one specimen moderately
enlarged; weight: 48-55 (52.7) g; wing: 97 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “Cabinda,
Malange and Cuanza Norte, south to the Cuanza River;...”

Campethera cailliautii fulleborni (Neumann)

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, southern Lunda, near Ca-
colo, 1400 m alt—1 ¢ ad, 10 January 1958; weight: 51 g; wing:
108 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola of this subspecies as
“Northeastern Moxico, intergrading with permista in Lunda.”

The specimen recorded differs from a series of 13 specimens
from Cuanza Sul and northern Malange by slightly larger black
marks on the ventral side and by the distinctly white dotted mantle.

Campethera nivosa herberti (Alexander)

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, province of Lunda, Lua-
chimo River, 800 m alt (new record)—2 ¢ ad, 4 @ ad, gonads
of most specimens slightly enlarged, | 9° ad (24 Feb.) nearly in
breeding condition, 23-25 Feb. and 7-12 May 1958; weight:
2 6 37, 38 g, 4 2 36-39 (37.5) g; wing: 2 ¢ 84, 88 mm, 4 2
87-89 (88) mm, Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Norte, near

Feb. 14, 1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 7

Quiculungo, 600-700 m alt (new record)—2 ¢ ad (one in breed-
ing condition 7 Oct.), 1 ¢@ ad with almost ready egg 7 Oct.,
Sept.-Oct. 1957; weight: 2 3 36.5, 41 g, 2 40 g; wing: 2 ¢ 81,
82 mm, ? 87 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola of this subspecies
as Malange and northern Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul at Gabela.

Secondary tropical jungle with abundant and dense under-
growth forms the habitat of this small species. It is seldom seen
higher than one to two meters above the ground.

Mesopicos goertae ? agmen Bates, 1932.

MATERIAL. Angola, Cuanza Sul, district Calulo, Quitondo,
800 m alt (new record)—I1 @ juv, 23 Aug. 1957.

According to Traylor (1963), “Although Sclater, Chapin, and
Peters all include northern Angola in the range of this species,
there is no record that it has ever been taken there.”

The forehead of this specimen is narrowly light gray as are
the lores and throat. The cap and tail coverts are red, but there
is no red on the belly except for a few indistinctly reddish tinted
feathers in its center. The mantle is olive-green, the chest and
breast, olive-green tinged, the abdomen, light gray with slight
greenish tinge, rather distinctly barred with white. A whitish
moustachial stripe runs to below the lores; the outer three pairs
of rectrices are very distinctly barred with white; the outer webs
of flight feathers are olive with whitish marks, and the inner webs
are conspicuously white-marked.

Lybius minor (Cuvier).

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, northern Malange, near
Duque de Braganca—1 ¢ ad, 1 @? ad, both with gonads some-
what enlarged, 1 specimen, sex undetermined, 1 Sept.-28 Nov.
1957; weight: ¢ 54 g, ? 44 g, specimen unsexed 51 g; wing:
6 92mm, ? 89 mm, specimen unsexed 92 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range as from “...Cabinda and
Noqui on the Lower Congo south through Cuanza Norte to
Huambo and northern Bihe,” and Neumann’s record (1908) gives
from Manyanga, considerably farther up the Congo from Noqui.

8 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

In the male the cap is cerise-red, in the female, orange; the
eyes are yellowish-red in both specimens and the feet lilac. The
third, unsexed specimen, is in all probability a young male. It has
a cerise cap as has the old male, but the sides of the head and
the nape are a lighter gray and the eyes are yellowish-brown.

Lybius macclounti intercedens Neumann

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, northern Malange, near
Duque de Braganca, 1250 m alt—1 ¢ ad, 1 ? ad, 7 November
1957; weight: 6 48 g, 2? 43.5 g; wing: 6 86mm, 2 87 mm.
These specimens were collected from a sparse gallery wood along
a small brook.

Peters (1948, p. 59) gives as the range “Belgian Congo
between the Congo and lower Kasai rivers, east to Kwamouth and
south to the interior of northern Angola.”

The iris is “reddish brown” in contrast to “yellowish red” in
minor Cuvier from the same locality; the feet are “pink” in contrast
to “lilac” or “purplish-brown” in minor. In accordance with the
original description of this subspecies, the head behind the red cap,
the nape and mantle are gray (rather light), in contrast to black
in macclounii macclounii Shelley, otherwise agreeing with the latter
subspecies. Feathers of throat, neck, breast, chest, shoulder stripes
and lores are entirely pure white. In the original description of
this form Neumann has mentioned that he had two typical speci-
mens of (levaillanti levaillanti —) minor Cuvier at hand which
the collector insisted had been taken at the same locality with the
type specimen of the new subspecies intercedens. The wording of
this remark implies that the author did not quite believe the
correctness of the collector’s report. The latter is however now
verified by a series of specimens collected by Heinrich in 1957
near Duque de Braganca in northern Angola, about 400 km south
and 200 km east of Manyanga, the type locality of intercedens.
This series contains 2 specimens of inftercedens and 3 specimens
of minor. Traylor (1963) has referred to this population with a
remark under minor macclounii: “...birds from Duque de
Braganca show intergradation with minor.” The word intergrada-
tion” is a mistake. In both cases the macclounii and minor
specimens are quite clearly distinct and separate, not only differing

Feb. 14, 1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 2

in plumage but also in color of eyes and legs and in size. The two
specimens of macclounii intercedens and macclounii macclounii
Shelley were found to be sympatric in the belt where they meet
each other and this fact suggests that these “forms” should be
considered as distinct species.

Lybius macclounti macclounii (Shelley )

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, 15 km SW of Cacolo, 1400
m alt—2 ¢ ad with slightly enlarged gonads, 4 ¢ young, | @ ad,
31 Dec. 1957-10 Jan. 1958; weight: 2 § ad 54,56 9,4 &s young
45-49 (45.5) g, 2 50.5 g; wing: 2 ¢ ad 86, 89 mm, 4 ¢ young
84-91 (88) mm, @ 91 mm.

Peters (1948, p. 59) gives the range of this subspecies as
“Cuango River across the central Belgian Congo, the Katanga
district and Northern Rhodesia to the region north of Lake Nyasa.”

In our specimens, in contrast to the ones of macclounii
intercedens Neumann from northwestern Angola, the dorsal side
of the head (behind the red cap) and the mantle are black; an
additional difference exists in an infuscation of the feathers from
throat to breast, which are clear-white only apically, thus creating
a grayish appearance of the ventral side of throat and neck and
of the middle of the chest. In two specimens (the female and one
young male) the infuscation is so distinct that it almost forms
a gorget.

Lybius diadematus frontatus (Cabanis )

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, 60 km north of
Sombo, 1100 m alt and Lake Carumbo 900 m alt (new record )—
2 ¢$ ad in breeding condition, 12 March 1958 and 25 March
1958; weight: 24.5 g; wing: 71-75 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “The central
plateau from northern Huila to southern Cuanza Sul, Malanje
and northern Bihe.” Peters’ (1948, p. 53) includes Northern
Rhodesia in the range of this form. The only specimen from
Northern Rhodesia at hand, which is a male, is considerably larger
(wing 83 mm) than the two specimens from Lunda and, in
contrast to them, has the upper tail coverts extensively yellow.

10 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum NouSs

In the province of Lunda, the specimens were only found in
“savannah-park wood,” a landscape where small groups of low
trees and patches of bushes alternate with open, grassy areas. The
call is a soft, low “hup,” repeated each time about six to ten
times in fairly slow sequence. It was heard only during the morning
hours.

Indicator conirostris (Cassin).

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Luachimo River, near
Dundo, 800 m alt (new record)—I1 ¢ ad, gonads moderately
enlarged, 23 Feb. 1958; weight: 33.5 g; wing: 91 mm.

Praed and Grant (1952, p. 744) give the range of this species
as “Southern Nigeria, Cameroons and Gabon to Kenya.” Our
record agrees with them in that the habitat is “forest edge or
gallery woods along streams.” Our specimen was collected in the
damp, tropical gallery wood of the Rio Luachimo.

Ten specimens of minor Stephens collected by Heinrich in
various localities of northwestern Angola and of Tanzania were
all found in comparatively dry types of woodland, particularly in
savannah woods on the highlands and up to the border of the
high mountain forests in Tanzania. This indicates that conirostris
is probably ecologically well differentiated from minor and a
distinct species rather than a mere subspecies as Friedmann
(1954) has proposed. It is evidently a member of the fauna of the
Congo Basin which, as in so many other species, has followed
up the strips of moist and dense lowland jungles along the tribu-
taries of the Congo River into the province of Lunda in north-
eastern Angola. There the two different worlds, the one of the dry
brachystegia woods on the Angolan high plateau and the one of
the central African lowland jungles in the river beds, meet and
interdigitate—but never mix.

Indicator variegatus variegatus Lesson.

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cacolo, 1400 m alt (new
record)—1 9 ad, 1 2 ? ad, 5 and 8 Jan. 1958; weight: 9 ad
49.5 g, 2? 2? ad 55 g; wing: ? ad 104 mm, 2 ? ad 106 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as locally in the

Feb. 14,1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 11

escarpment zone of southern Benguela, at Ndala Tando (Cuanza
Norte) and Duque de Braganca (Malanje).

The measurements of the two specimens are on the borderline
between subspecies variegatus Lesson and the West African
jubaensis Neumann, as published in the original description of the
jatter. But in color the Cacolo birds are more distinct from speci-
mens from eastern Tanzania, the white on the abdomen being
considerably more extended toward the breast and flanks.

Prodotiscus regulus Sundevall, 1850.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, central Lunda, upper Chicapa
River, near Xa-Cassau, 1100 m alt (new record)—1 9 in breed-
ing condition, 5 Feb. 1958; weight: 15.5 g; wing: 78 mm. North-
eastern Angola, southern Lunda, upper Luachimo River, 50 km
north of Dala, 1300 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 19 May 1958;
weight: 13 g; wing: 76 mm. Northern central Angola, 25 km NW
of Nova Gaia, 1250 m alt (new record)—1 -¢ ad, 17 Dec. 1957;
weight: 13.5 g; wing: 78 mm. .

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “... central
Huila to northern Bihe and the Luau River.”

Although this species prefers dry areas with scattered trees,
one specimen was collected in the midst of a swampy meadow in
tall grass.

Prodotiscus zambesiae zambesiae Shelley, 1894.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, southern Lunda, Cacola,
1400 m alt (new record)—4 ¢ ad,2 ? ad, Dec. 1957-Jan. 1958:
weenie 4 6 9.5-10 (9:7): eo, 2° 9° 105, 11g; wing: + ¢ 72-16
of) mm, 2° 9 71,72 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola of this species
“...from northern Huila to Chitau, northern Bihe.”

This form differs not only significantly in the color of the
ventral side from insignis Cassin, lacking any trace of a green or
olive tinge, but also in a longer tail and in a considerably longer
wing. As the above record indicates, it is practically sympatric in
the province of Lunda with insignis. However, the species is
restricted to the dry brachystegia-type of woodland, a habitat very

12 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

strongly different from the moist tropical lowland jungle where
insignis lives.

In the two forms, the light gray to apically whitish ventral side
combined with longer wings and tail and the dark, olive-tinged
underparts combined with shorter wings and tail, are evidently
well-developed adaptations to the light, open and dry savannah
woods and to the dim, dense and humid tropical jungle respec-
tively. Forms thus adapted to the life in one or the other of these
two biotopes and, in addition, as honey-guides associated with
particular bird hosts, will presumably be unlikely to hybridize even
where the two habitats interdigitate as in northern Lunda. Mor-
phologically as well as ecologically they suggest that they represent
two distinct species. Their external similarity of appearance alone
seems insufficient to support the hypothesis of their being sub-
species. Honey-guides are known to be especially difficult taxo-
nomically. There are two parallel cases in the /ndicatoridae: minor
Stephens /conirostris Cassin and variegatus Lesson/ maculatus Gray.

Prodotiscus insignis (Cassin).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, upper Luachimo River,
north of Sombo, 1100 m alt (new record)—1 @ ad, 9 March
1958; weight: 10.5 g; wing: 66 mm.

This species is found in tropical gallery-wood, and Traylor
(1963) gives the range as “...Cuanza Norte at Canzele and
Quiculungo; probably will be found in Cabinda.”

Smithornis capensis albigularis Hartert, 1904.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Saurimo, 1100 m
alt and 38 km north of Camissombo, 1000 m alt (new record )—
2 6 ad, 1 @ ad, all in breeding condition, 1 ¢ juv, 31 Dec.
1957 and 1 Feb. 1958; weight: 2 ¢ 29, 30 2,2 ‘ad @aom
Q juv 22 g; wing: 2 4 72,74 mm, 2 ad 70 mm, 2 juv 70 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “... southern
Cuanza Norte and adjacent Malanje, extending south along the
escarpment to Gabela and Chingoroi and reaching southwest
Malanje in the Luce River... extreme northeast Moxico.”

Feb. 14,1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II #3

Hirundo nigrita Gray, 1845.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Rio Luachimo, Rio
Kasai and Lake Carumbo, all altitudes about 900 m (new
record)—3 ¢ ad,3 2? ad (1 ¢ and 1 2 in breeding condition),
24 Feb.-5 April 1958; weight: 3 $. 17-22 (18.9) g, 3 9 15.5-22
(18.9) g; wing: 3 8 106-110 (108) mm, 3 ¢ 104-110
(107) mm.

These specimens extend the known Angolan range of the
species, which Traylor (1963) gives as “... along forested rivers
in Cabinda.” The species is confined to larger rivers with gallery
wooded shores. Hunts always above the water and seems rarely to
leave the river bed.

On 4 April 1958 two nests with nearly grown young were
found underneath a small fisherman’s hut on stilts above the
water of the Kasai River.

Hirundo albigularis ambigua Bocage.

MarTERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Upper Rio Luachimo
(50 km north of Dala), 1300 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 1 2
ad, both with gonads slightly enlarged, 19 March 1958; weight:
a 20 8, 9 19 9; wine: 6 117 mm, 2 118 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range as “Locally from Bailundu on
the central plateau to southern Cuanza Norte, western Malange
and northern Moxico.”

Pycnonotus latirostris latirostris (Strickland).

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Norte, Canzele, 600
m alt—5S ¢ ad, 4 2 ad (gonads moderately enlarged in majority
of specimens), Oct. 1957; weight: 5 6 27-32 (31.3) g, 4 9
23.5-28 (25.4) g; wing: 5 g 86-92 (89.6) mm, 4 ¢ 80-82 (81)
mm. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Rio Luachimo, 800 m alt—
1 $ ad; weight: 32.5 g.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola of this subspecies
as “...Cabinda, Canzele in northern Cuanza Norte, Gabela on
the escarpment of Cuanza Sul and Dundo, northern Lunda.”

At first glance this West African form of the lowland jungles
appears to be rather similar to the East African australis Moreau

14 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No: /95

of the mountain evergreen forests of western Tanzania. A closer
examination reveals however that the two forms have little in
common except the color of chest and belly; Jatirostris latirostris
differs from australis as follows: upper parts rather dark olive-
brown (instead of pale, almost grayish, olive-green); chin between
yellow moustachial stripes, pale grayish (instead of yellow); legs
light yellow (instead of olive-brown); bill longer; primaries shorter
in comparison with the longest secondaries, the wing thus more
rounded.

Nicator chloris (Valenciennes).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Luachimo River,
800 m alt (new record)—5 ¢ ad, all in full breeding condition.
17 Feb.-25 March 1958; weight: 52-61 (57.3) g; wing: 99-111
(107.6) mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “known from
Cabinda and from specimens taken by Schiitt on the Cuango
River.”

Rank, dense and tangled bushes on the exterior, ascending
slopes of tropical gallery woods mixed with single tall trees form
the usual habitat of this species. The singing male is usually
perched in the crown of an old, tall tree towering high over the
dense low tangle. The singer is always extremely well hidden in
the foliage and hard to discover. The song of this species was heard
in the rainy season during February, March and April. It is the
most beautiful bird song heard in the African jungle. It is rich in
modulation and sound, amazingly versatile and in some passages
comparable to the song of the European, eastern Nightingale
(— Sprosser), Erithacus luscinia, although not quite as fluent
and passionate as the latter. Heinrich noted the following tran-
scription of a continuous song: “tjup - tjup - tjup (rich, flute-like,
hesitating, with small intermissions between the syllables) tjup -
huk huk huk huk huk (deep, rich, very fast in succession), terrr-
tetete (harsh and jarring), di- di di di di di di do (first syllable
sustained, the others short, following each other rapidly and falling
simultaneously in pitch). The warning call is loud, a very sharp,
almost smacking monosyllabic sound, uttered only once or a few
times in sequence.

Feb. 14,1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 15

Nicator vireo Cabanis, 1876.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Kasai River, 900 m alt (new
record)—1 ¢ ad, 10 April 1958; weight: 21 g; wing: 73 mm.
Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Sul, district Calulo, Quitondo, 800
m alt (new record)—1 @ ad, 20 Aug. 1958; weight: 23.5 g;
wing: 71 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “Cabinda, the
Cuango River, Cuanza Norte and the escarpment at Gabela,
Cuanza Sul.”

Bleda syndactyla multicolor (Bocage).

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Sul, Calulo district,
Quitondo, 800 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 21 Aug. 1957;
weight: 40 g; wing: 105 mm. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Norte,
Canzele 600) m ali (new record)—3 ¢ ad, 5 9 ad (2 ¢ and
32in breeding condition), 13 Sept.-8 Oct. 1957; weight: 3 4
49-51 (50) g,5 2 43-47 (46) g; wing: 3 6 111-112 (111.7)
mm, 5 @ 103-109 (106.2) mm. Northeastern Angola, Lunda,
Camissombo, 1000 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad (this specimen
from Camissombo), 2 2 ad, | 2 juv (adults in breeding condition),
10 Feb. 1958; weight: 6 52 g,2 2 ad 45.5, 50 g, 2 juv 40 g;
wing: 6 115 mm,2 ? ad 101, 102 mm, ? juv 98 mm. Luachimo
River near Dundo, 800 m alt (new record)—3 ¢@, 19-26 Feb.
1958.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “... locally...
from Cabinda and Cuanza Norte to northern Lunda. A juvenal was
taken at Dondo on the Cuanza River... .”

Ptyrticus turdinus upembae Verheyen, 1951.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Luachimo River, near Dundo,
800 m alt (new record)—2 ¢ ad, 1 2? ad, all in breeding condi-
tion, 24 Feb.-1 March 1958; weight: 2 ¢ 56,58 g, 2 45 g; wing:
2 6 93,94 mm, ° 85 mm:

The range is recorded from type locality only: (lat. 8°48’S,
long. 26°50’E), Belgian Congo.

These are very elusive ground birds, found in the densest liana-
tangled tropical brushwood forming the outer fringes of gallery

16 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

wood. A singing male was observed in the early morning of 25
Feb. It kept always to the densest thicket and close to the ground,
often shifting its perch but never ascending above a yard from the
ground. The song is short, of striking volume and of pleasant
sound. It can fairly exactly be circumscribed as follows: “tj Glo -
tjulitjulo...tjulo-tjulitjulo.” The aceentuated ae
of the fourth syllable is extended and about five or six notes higher,
the ending ‘“‘o” of the second stanza about one tone deeper than
the rest.

The iris is brown in males, light brown in females; the feet are
ivory with pink tinge; the bill’s upper mandible is blackish with
blades narrowly whitish as is the tip; and the lower mandible is
pale gray with bluish tinge.

Eythropygia hartlaubi Reichenow, 1891.

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Norte, Bolongongo
(north of Quiculungo), 600-700 m alt—2 ¢ ad in breeding con-
dition, 1 @ ad, Nov. 1957; weight: 2 $ 20, 21 g, 2 17 g; wing:
2 ¢ 63,66mm, 2? 60 mm.

According to Traylor (1963) the range in Angola is “... only
known from a single specimen from Ndala Tando, Cuanza Norte.”

This bird inhabits larger patches of dense, low bushes in
undulating country close or contiguous to tropical woods. The
pleasant song is at once distinguishable from E. leucophrys
zambesiana but impossible to circumscribe.

Cossypha heinrichi Rand, 1955.

MATERIAL. Northern Angola, about 30 km _ northeast of
Duque de Braganza—2 ¢ ad, 2 9 ad, 1 2? and 1 ??, both
molting into first year plumage, 1 @ and 1 (sex ?), both in
juvenal plumage (also skeleton, ? ? ad), Nov. 1957; weight: 2 9
ad 61, 69 g, 2 9 ad 56 g, 2 92 subad 45, 53 g; wing: 2 ¢ ad
120 mm, 2 2 ad 110, 117 mm, 2 ¢? subad 109, 117 mm. (Holo-
type: ad [sex?], Chicago Natural History Museum no, 221.000.)

The color of eyes in juvenile and subadult specimens is blackish-
brown, in adults purplish-red. The legs are brownish-gray in
juvenile specimen, slate-gray in adults. The bill in adults is black.

The juvenal plumage agrees with the description given by Rand

Feb. 14, 1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 7

(1955) in reconstruction from a bird molting into first year plum-
age. As in adults, the next to central pair of rectrices has exten-
sively black inner webs except apically, and the outer pair of
rectrices has black outer webs (except basally).

One of the three birds on which the original description is based
was shot in savannah with scattered bushes and small trees. More
comprehensive observations of this species during the second
expedition to Angola have revealed that the appearance of
Cossypha heinrichi in the savannah wood is a great exception and
occurs only in pursuit of driver ants. The real habitat of this bird
is the dense underbrush of shady tropical gallery woods along
rivers and brooks. Here it lives an extremely hidden and elusive
life, always moving on the ground or close to it in dense thickets.
As with all African ground-thrushes it is very fond of driver ants
and seemingly irresistibly attracted by their marching columns,
which it follows, occasionally even into savannah woods, adjacent
to the riverside jungle.

The first specimens of Cossypha heinrichi were taken during
April, the second series during November. In both months speci-
mens molting into first year plumage were taken in November
simultaneously with short-tailed nestlings. This seems to indicate
that two broods occur, one approximately during February, the
other during October.

The stomach of a young female was tightly stuffed with driver
ants, among them a great number of the big-headed soldiers. The
stomach of other specimens contained parts of different insects,
usually some ants.

Alethe castanea castanea (Cassin).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Luachimo River, 800
m alt (new record)—3 ¢ ad, 3 ? ad, all except 1 ¢ andl 9
in full breeding condition (1 ¢ with ready egg), 19-23 Feb. 1958;
weight: 3 8 31-36.5 (34.2) g,3 2 31-34.5 (33) g; wing: 3 4
92-98 (95) mm, 3 2? 89-92 (90.3) mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “Cabinda; south
of the Congo included on the authority of Reichenow .. .”

These extremely secretive and elusive ground-birds live in the
dim, liana-interwoven tangle in the exterior parts of tropical
gallery wood.

18 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

Eremomela atricollis Bocage, 1894.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, southern Lunda, Cacolo, 1400
m alt (new record)—2 gad, 2 9 ad, 1 2? juv, 23 Dec. 1957-
4 Jan. 1958; weight: 2 6 10 8,2 9,1 92 juv 95-10 (7
wing: 2 6 57, 58 mm, 2 @ ad, 1 @ juv 56-58 (56.6) mm.
Northeastern Angola, northern Lunda, 60 km north of Sombo,
1100 m alt (new record)—2 ¢ ad, one with moderately enlarged
gonads, March 1958; weight: 9.5, 10 g; wing: 57 mm. North-
eastern Angola, northern Lunda, 35 km west of Camissombo,
1100 m alt (new record)—1 juv unsexed specimen, Feb. 1958;
weight: 9.5 g; wing: 54 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “Central plateau
region in northern Huila, Huambo and northern Bie and probably
Lunda.”

Apalis jacksoni jacksoni Sharpe.

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Sul, district Calulo,
Quitondo, 800 m alt (new record)—2 ¢ ad, 1 ? ad, Aug. 1957;
weight: 2 $ 8.5, 8 ¢, 2 9:5 ¢; wing: 2 $ 52 mm, 2 47am
Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Norte, Canzele, 600 m alt (new
record)—1 ¢ ad, 1 @ ad, both nearly in breeding condition,
Oct. 1957; weight: ¢ 10 g, 9 8 g; wing: 6 52mm, 9 49 mm.
Northeastern Angola, southern Lunda, 15 km SW of Cacolo,
1400 m alt (new record)—1 ¢, Jan. 1958; weight: 8 g; wing:
50 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “...Cuanza
Norte and adjoining Malange.”

Although the locality in southern Lunda (Cacolo) lies in the
midst of extended wood of the brachystegia type, these birds were
not found in the latter habitat but only in narrow strip of tropical
gallery wood along a mountain stream, where they kept to the
crowns of tall trees.

Apalis rufogularis angolensis (Bannermann)

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Sul, district Calulo,
Quitondo, 800 m alt (new record)—8 ¢ ad (one only with
moderately enlarged gonads), 2 @ ad, 2 ¢ juv, 13-28 Aug. 1957;

Feb. 14, 1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 19

weight: 8 6 ad 7-9 (8.4) g,2 2 8, 8.5 g,2 ¢ juv 8.5 g; wing:
8 $ ad 46-49 (47.6) mm, 2 2 45 mm, 2 ¢ juv 46, 49 mm.
Northeastern Angola, Cuanza Norte, Canzele and Bolongongo,
600 m alt (new record)—5 ¢ ad, 1 2 ad, 2 ¢ juv (adults in
breeding condition), 14 Sept.-6 Nov. 1957; weight: 5 4 ad 9.5 g,
2 9g; wing: 5 6 ad 48-50 (48.8) mm, 2? 45 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range of these specimens as Cuanza
Norte and Malange.

The comparison of the two series of males from Cuanza Norte
and Cuanza Sul shows no difference in the shade of gray on the
upper parts or in the contrast of color of head and mantle, except
in a single specimen which is lighter gray than the others and
evenly colored on head and mantle; this specimen comes from
Cuanza Norte, instead of Cuanza Sul, where the lighter colored
subspecies brauni Stresemann should be expected. The original
description of the latter mentions neither the peculiar sexual
dimorphism of this species nor the sex of the specimen described.
As only two specimens are recorded, and the description of the
juvenile is included, it appears that the subspecies was based on a
single adult male, an exceptionally light-colored mutant as also.
recorded above from Cuanza Norte. For the present brauni should
be considered a synonym of angolensis.

Apalis rufogularis nigrescens (Jackson)

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, northern Lunda, Luachimo
River, 800-900 m alt (new record)—4 ¢ ad, all in breeding con-
dition, 1 @ (juv?), 20 Feb.-4 May 1958; weight: 4 4 9.5-9
(9.2) g, 2 8 g; wing: 4 ¢ 49 mm, 2 45 mm.

Chapin (1953) gives the range as “While it is well known from
the forests of Uganda, the western limit of nigrescens has yet
to be fixed.”

The above specimens have been compared with specimens from
Uganda (Mabira) and were found to match them exactly. The
dorsal side of males is blackish-brown; on the middle of the chest
and lower throat the black bases of feathers are distinctly visible,
covered only imperfectly by the veil of the white feather fringes.
In the female the head is gray, including the nape, except the
light rufous chin and throat; the mantle has an olive-greenish tinge.
The female is scarcely distinguishable from angolensis Banner-

20 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

mann, except that in our specimen the light rufous color on throat
and chest is paler. The iris is reddish-brown, the toes brownish-
pink to brownish, and tarsus always darker than toes. These speci-
mens live in the tree crowns of the median and upper floor of
tropical gallery wood.

Apalis alticola (Shelley)

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, southern Lunda, Cacolo,
1400 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 9 Jan. 1958; weight: 11.5 g;
wing: 54 mm. Northwestern Angola, northern Malange, 42 km
north of Duque de Braganza (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 2 @ ad
(2 ad in breeding condition), 2 ¢ juv, 1 juv unsexed, 24-28 Nov.
1957; weight: ¢ ad 13°¢,2 9° 10, 115 ¢,2 3 juv 1a
wing: 6 ad 58 mm, 2 2 49,53 mm, 2 6 juv 54 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “Rare and local
in western Malange and northern Bie.”

This species is restricted by ecological preference to narrow
strips of moist, tropical gallery wood along rivers.

Sylvietta virens baraka (Sharpe)

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Luachimo River, 800
m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 2 9? ad, Feb. and May 1958;
weight: 6 10 g,2 2 8.5, 9 g; wing: 6 49 mm, 2 2? 47 mm.

Chapin (1953) gives the range as “From the Upper Congo
forest eastward to the Lotti Forest in the southeastern Sudan, the
base of Elgon, Mabira Forest, the vicinity of Rutshuru, and
Bukoba. Wanting in the Kivu highlands, it extends to the forested
Manyema and the vicinity of Luluabourg in the Kasai.”

These birds live in low bushes in tropical gallery wood. Mr.
M. A. Traylor was kind enough to examine the specimens and
confirmed that they agree with this subspecies.

Sylvietta virens meridionalis new subspecies.

Type: 6 ad (YPM no. 84283), Collector’s no. 18928, north-
western Angola, Cuanza Sul, district Calulo, Quitondo, 800 m alt,
23 Aug. 1957, collected by Gerd Heinrich.

Feb. 14,1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II Pa |

DESCRIPTION: Differs strikingly from virens virens Cassin by
almost entirely white chest and belly and in addition by lighter
ochreous color of throat, breast, sides of neck, cheeks, ear coverts
and superciliary stripes; head dorsally also paler than in virens
with a slight rufous tinge. Middle of belly and chest in majority
of specimens with a longitudinal, yellow tinged area. Belly and
chest white, flanks narrowly light gray tinted; sides of chest more
extensively and more intensively grayish-brown than flanks. From
the subspecies tando Sclater this form differs in the same characters
as from virens but less strikingly so. Geographically tando is thus
intermediate between virens in the north and meridionalis in the
south of the range of the species in Angola. It would seem to be
a mistake to confound either the northern or southern adjacent
form with the name tando, although the naming of such an inter-
mediate form could better have been avoided.

Range: Northeastern Angola, Cuanza Sul, district of Calulo
and Gabela; also Cuanza Norte but only in dry coastal belt near
Luanda.

Material: 3° é “ad 2 ¢ ad, not in breeding condition: North-
eastern Angola, Cuanza Sul, district Calulo, Quitondo, 800 m alt,
11-23 Aug. 1957.

1 $ ad, 1 @ ad, not in breeding condition: Northeastern Angola,
Luanda, nearly sea level, 4 Aug.-8 July 1957.

Weight: Cuanza Sul: 5 3 ad 9-10 (9.4) g,2 @ ad 8.5, 9.5 g.
Luanda: 1 ¢ ad 10.5¢,1 9 ad 9g.

Wing: Cuanza Sul: 4 ¢ ad 49-52 (50.5) mm, 2 @ ad 46,
49 mm. Luanda: 1 ¢ ad 52 mm.

Ecological note: In contrast to virens virens this form inhabits
the semiarid coastal lowland, in parts of its range (Luanda) where
it keeps to pockets of dense shrubbery. South of the Cuanza it was
found in relicts of second growth of tropical thicket.

Remark: Mr. M. A. Traylor was kind enough to compare
specimens of the series listed above with three specimens from
Golungo Alto, a place very close to the type locality of tando. He
found our specimens differed by paler belly and more reddish
throat and breast.

22 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

Dyaphorophyia concreta ansorgei Hartert.

MATERIAL. Angola, Cuanza Sul, district Calulo, 800 m alt (new
record)—-5 4 ad (gonads of 4 moderately enlarged), 2 2 ad,
1 ¢@ juv, 1 ¢ 7,3 4, 12-16 Aug. 1957; weight: 6 4 adeeow
(10.9) g,2 2 10.5 g, & juv 12.5 g; wing: 6 6 ad 54-56 (55.3)
mm, 2 @ 58mm, 6 juv 55 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “Locally from
northern Cuanza Norte south along the escarpment to extreme
northern Huila.”

This species inhabits the median floor, that is, the higher bushes
and low trees, of dense and liana-tangled, secondary tropical
thickets of restricted extent in hilly situations.

The voice is a three-syllabic, very melodic whistle. The three
syllables are identical and are uttered in fast sequence: “tututu.”
In a variant of this call the third syllable is strongly accentuated:
“tututu.”

Our series shows a considerable variability. In both sexes the
color of the dorsal side of head and mantle varies from a distinctly
olive-green tinge to almost plain gray. This makes the subspecies
canzelae Meise untenable. In both females throat and chest are
chestnut-red. All males are bright yellow below, with chest and
belly in two specimens intensively golden-orange. In one adult
specimen, in all probability a male, a broad, apically rounded,
gorget of deep black color (with a slight bluish gloss) runs from
the middle of throat to the termination of the chest.

Hyliota flavigaster barbozae Hartlaub.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda (Cacolo, Saurimo,
Camissombo, Lake Carumba), 900-1400 m alt (new record)—
6 ¢ ad,3 9 ad, 1 ¢ juv, 28 Dec. 1957-25 March 1958; weight:
6 ¢ ad 11.5-14 (12.6) g 3 2 115-13: (12:1) 's 3 oa
wing: 6 6 ad 70-72 (71.5) mm, 3 2 67-71 (68.6) mm. Northern
Angola, Malange (Duque de Braganza and Nova Gaia), 1200 m
alt (new record)—2 ¢ ad, one in breeding condition, 2 Dec., 18
Dec. 1957;. weight: 2 ¢ 12.5;/13:5 g3 wings.2 4070,\72 nim

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “The central
plateau from northern Huila north to Huambo and Malange and
east to the Congo-Rhodesian border.”

Feb. 14, 1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 23

This form inhabits the continuous dry brachystegia wood-
lands of the high plateau, where they search for food in the foliage
of tree crowns in a warbler-like manner. During the dry season
they are constant members of the flocks of different species of
small birds migrating in loose association through the woods.

Hyliota australis australis Shelley.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, 15 km SW of Cacolo,
1400 m alt (new record)—3 ¢ ad,4 2 ad,1 34 juv, 3 specimens
unsexed, 22 Dec. 1957-11 Jan. 1958; weight: 3 ¢ ad 9.5-10.5
(10) g, 4 @ 10-10.5 g, ¢ juv 9 g; wing: 3 ¢ ad 66-67 (66.6)
mm, 4 ? 64mm, ¢ juv 64 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola of this species
as “Locally in northern Moxico, central Huila on the Cului River
and at Gabela on the escarpment of Cuanza Sul.”

There seems to be no ecological differentiation between this
species and flavigaster barbozae Hartlaub; both share the same
type of brachystegia woodland as their habitat and during the dry
season both join the wandering flocks of small birds.

Terpsiphone viridis speciosa (Cassin).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Rio Kasai (new record)—
1 ¢ ad, gonads slightly enlarged.

Chapin (1953) gives the range as “Most of the forested area
of Lower Guinea, from near Mt. Cameroon, the French Congo,
and perhaps the Mayombe Forest, eastward to the Semliki Valley,
also in outlying wooded area...south to Luluabourg and the
Manyema Forest.”

This specimen was collected in a tropical gallery wood along a
small tributary of the Kasai River.

The median rectrices exceed the others by 65 mm; they are
white with outer and inner edges narrowly black. Wing coverts
are predominantly white, as are exterior belts of secondaries. The
mantle is chestnut-red mingled with a few white and some black
feathers. Under tail coverts are slate-gray, as is the belly. The
head, throat and chest are metallic blue.

24 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

Anthus brachyurus leggei Ogilvie-Grant.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, southern Lunda, 40 km east
of Cacolo, 1400 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 2 9 ad, | specimen
unsexed, 16-20 Jan. 1958; weight: 6 14 g,2 92 14, 15.5 g,
specimen unsexed 14.5 g; wing: 6 60 mm, 2 2 60 mm, specimen
unsexed 58 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “... only from
Missao de Luz, Lunda, where it was twice taken by Lynes.”

The habitat of this form is treeless meadows covered with
short grass and surrounded by brachystegia woodland. They
favor the drier, exterior belt of these meadows, sharing this habitat
with Mirafra rufocinnamomea.

The black streaks on chest and breast are so wide and dense
in both females that the black color is strongly predominant.

ee

Laniarius leucorhynchus (Hartlaub).

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, province of Lunda, Luachimo
River, gallery wood (new record)—1 @ ad; weight: 49 g; wing:
90 mm.

The distribution, according to Peters (1960, p. 333) is “Sierra
Leone to Cameroon and the lower Congo and east to the Uele
district, extreme southeastern Sudan, the forests of Uganda and
western Kenya (north Kavirondo), and south to Kivu, Sankuru,
upper Kasai and Kwango in the Belgian Congo.”

Nectarinia bocagei Shelley, 1879.

MATERIAL. Northern Angola, Malange, 25 km NW of Nova
Gaia (— Songo), Songo, 1250 m alt (new record)—2 ¢ ad,
approximately in breeding condition, 18 Jan. 1958; weight: 14.5,
IS-e2 wing: 72, 73 mm:

Traylor (1963) gives the range as “Restricted to the western
highlands in northern Huila, Huambo and northern Bie, recorded
from brachystegia woodland.”

The two birds were found in similar habitat characteristic of
the wooded high plateau between Malange and Saurimo; namely
wide strips of open, flat, marshy meadows along brooks, inter-
rupting the extensive and continuous brachystegia forests. The
birds were visiting swamp flowers.

Feb. 14,1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 25

Nectarinia reichenbachii Hartlaub, 1857.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lake Carumbo, district of
Lunda (new record)—1 ¢ ad, gonads moderately enlarged, 26
March 1958; weight: 13 g; wing: 60 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range as Ghana to the eastern and
lower Congo; Cabinda.

Our specimen was found in a fairly rank and moist, but not
liana-tangled, savannah wood close to a stream-valley.

Malimbus nitens (Gray).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Luachimo River, near Dundo
(between lat 7° and 8°S), 800 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad,
2 2 ad, all in breeding condition; weight: 3 37.5 g,2 @ 24.5,
5672, wine: ¢ 91 mm, 2 ¢ 79, 82 mm.

Peters (1962, p. 58) gives the range as “Portuguese Guinea
to Gabon and the Congo region, south to about lat. 4°S.”

These birds inhabit the liana-tangled, dense lower floor of damp,
tropical gallery wood. They seem to favor the vicinity of the river-
bed. Their behavior is similar to Ploceus (Symplectes) bicolor
Vieillot. They are skillful and lively climbers in the tangle of liana
webs. Their calls are harsh and high-pitched, also similar to
Ploceus bicolor.

Traylor (1963) lists the subspecies moreaui White for Cabinda.
Moreau and Greenway (in Peters, loc. cit.) have synonymized
that subspecies with nitens Gray. The only difference between
“moreaui’ and nitens given in the original description of the
former is in the measurements of wing and bill; according to the
measurements of wings, the Angola birds belong to nitens (83-91
mm) rather than to “moreaui” (91-97 mm). Based on the evident
individual and sexual variability of wing measurements, we are
inclined to agree that the subspecies “moreaui’’ is untenable.

Ploceus cucullatus frobenii Reichenow, 1923.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Luachimo River, near
Dundo, 900 m alt (new record)— 5 4, in breeding condition, 30
April 1958 (one specimen, 16 Feb. 1958); weight: 40.5-45 (43)
g; wing: 84-88 (85.4) mm.

26 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95

Chapin (1954) gives the range as “The Kasai and Sankuru
districts of the Congo, extending west to near the Lubue River,
and eastward also to the Manyema.”

As usual, the nesting colony of these specimens was in the midst
of a small village at the edge of the gallery forest.

Ploceus bicolor amaurocephalus (Cabanis).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Sombo, 1100 m alt—
3. 6 ad (one on 14 March and one on 5 May in breeding condi-
tion), 3 @ ad (one on 14 March in breeding condition), 1 ¢ ?,
March-May 1958; weight: 4 $ 30.5-39.5 (35) g, 3 2 29.5-33
(31.5) g; wing: 4 g 85-88 (86.2) mm, 3 9 82-84 (82.6) mm.

According to Traylor (1963), the range of this species is “From
Central Malange to southern Cuanza Norte and the coast of
Luanda, then south along the escarpment to Chingoroi, northern
Huila; also reaches the coast at Benguela.”

In this paper we separate the Lunda population from kigo-
maensis where it was included by Traylor. On the other hand we
separate the population of Cuanza Sul from amaurocephalus as a
new subspecies. Accordingly in Angola the range of amauroceph-
alus includes the entire northern part of the country, north of
the Cuanza, but excludes southwestern Angola on the southern
side of that river. To the north this subspecies presumably extends
considerably beyond the borders of Angola.

Chin and throat of the males are black (as originally pictured
loc. cit.); feathers on throat in contrast to kigomaensis are usually
more or less extensively fringed with yellow. In females the chin
and throat in contrast to kigomaensis are dark gray (instead of
black), and yellowish-tinged toward apices.

Ploceus bicolor albidigularis new subspecies.

TyPE: ¢ ad (YPM no. 48279), Collector’s no. 18918,
collected by Gerd Heinrich 23 Aug. 1957—western Angola,
district Calulo, Quitondo, 800 m alt.

DESCRIPTION: Differs from amaurocephalus Cabanis in both
sexes rather distinctly in the whitish color of chin and throat, the
feathers being pale gray (instead of black in males or dark gray
in females in amaurocephalus) with whitish ends instead of
yellowish tips, on the average smaller than amaurocephalus.

Feb. 14,1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II en

MATERIAL: All from type locality—1 ¢ ad, 4 92 ad; weight:
6 31 g,4 2 23.5-26 (24.9) g; wing: ¢ 84 mm, 4 2 77-80
(78.2) mm.

REMARK: Two specimens ( g and @¢ ) in the Chicago National
History Museum from Cuanza Sul, Gabela, collected by Heinrich
in 1954, were compared with the type series. The wings measure:
é 81 mm, 2 79 mm. Also the color of chin and throat feathers
agrees more closely with this subspecies than with amaurocephalus.

Ploceus temporalis (Bocage).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Upper Rio Luachimo,
about 50 km north of Dala, 1300 m alt—3 4 ad, in breeding
condition, 1 ¢ juv, 19 May 1958; weight: 3 4 ad 34.4-37
(35.8) g, & juv 34.5 g; wing: 3 ¢ ad 79-84 (81.3) mm, ¢ juv
78 mm.

According to Traylor (1963) this species ranges “In a narrow
band across the central Plateau from northern Huila and Huambo
east through southern Lunda and northern Moxico to the Northern
Rhodesian border.”

On a rather dry, grassy plain, crossed by the upper part of the
Luachimo River, on 15 May a colony of about 20-30 nests was
found on an isolated bush-complex about 5 m high at the very
edge of the river. All nests were built on limbs hanging far out
over the surface of the swiftly flowing water. Numerous birds
were present on the bushes and at their nests.

Ploceus superciliosus (Shelley).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Lake Carumbo; and
Kasai River, 900 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 2 @ ad, all in
breeding condition, 21-29 March and 7 April 1958; weight:
6 23 9,2 2 21, 23 g; wing: $ 68 mm, 2 2 65, 68 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “Cabinda, Congo,
Cuanza Norte and Malange.”

The habitat of this species is open marshes or river sides,
surrounded by woods and covered by dense swamp-grasses, more
than 2 m tall, particularly where the roots of these grasses form
clumps elevated above the flooded ground.

28 Postilla Yale Peabody Museum No. 95
Parmoptila woodhousei ansorgei Hartert.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, Luachimo River, 900
m alt (new record)—1 ¢ ad, 1 @ ad, both with gonads moder-
ately enlarged, 30 April 1958; weight: 3 9 g, 9 9.5 g; wing:
o. 20 mim. 9 Som:

According to Traylor (1963) these birds are “Known only
from the type locality and Quiculungo, northern Cuanza Norte.”

Pholidornis rushiae denti Ogilvie-Grant.

MATERIAL. Northwestern Angola, Cuanza Norte, near Bolon-
gongo, 600 m alt—1 ¢ ad, 1 2? ad, both in breeding condition,
6 Nov. 1957; weight: 6 7g, 29 7g; wing: 6 50mm, 2 48 mm.

The range is open, hilly savannah land, alternating with relicts
of semi-tropical, secondary wood, the latter forming the habitat
of the bird. On 30 October 1957 a seemingly almost completed
nest was found. It was suspended about 6-7 m above the ground
on the end of a branch of a small tree hanging downwards in the
midst of a greater complex of secondary brushwood. The nest,
enormous compared with the minute size of the builder, was a
bulky mass of fibers and grasses with a small lateral entrance.
When the nest was seen a second time, 6 days later, both birds
were still busy completing it. The inner chamber was lined with
feathers.

The iris of the male is red, of the female, gray. Legs and feet
of both are bright yellow; the upper mandible is black, the lower
mandible, yellow, with black blades and apex.

Serinus atrogularis lwenarum White, 1944.

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, Lunda, 60 km north of
Sombo, 1100 m alt—2 ¢ ad, in breeding condition, 11-13 March
1958; weight: 11, 11.5 g; wing: 69 mm.

Both specimens agree with the original description but have the
tawny flanks streaked and the black on throat extended to the
middle of the breast. Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola
of this subspecies as “...from Huambo and extreme northern
Huila to the Congo-Rhodesian border.”

Feb. 14,1966 Additions to avifauna of Angola II 29

Serinus gularis benguellensis (Reichenow).

MATERIAL. Northeastern Angola, southern Lunda, Cacolo,
1400 m alt (new record)—1 ¢ juv, 21 Jan. 1958; weight: 16 g;
wing: 82 mm.

Traylor (1963) gives the range in Angola as “The western
highlands from northern Huila, Huambo and northern Bie;.. .”

REFERENCES

Chapin, James P., 1953. The Birds of the Belgian Congo, Part III. Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, 75A: 1-821 p.

, 1954. The Birds of the Belgian Congo, Part IV. Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, 75b: 1-846 p.

Friedmann, H., 1954. A Revision of the Honey-guides, /ndicatoridae, Ann.
Mus. Congo Tervuren, Zool., 50: 20-27.

Mearns, E. A., 1911. Descriptions of Fifteen New African Birds, Smith.
Misc. Coll., 56: 11 p.

Neumann, O., 1908. Neue Afrikanische Arten, Orn. Monatsb., 16: 27-28.

Peters, J. L., 1948. Check-list of Birds of the World, vol. 6. Harvard Univ.
Press, Cambridge, vii + 1-259 p.

, 1960. Check-list of Birds of the World, vol. 9. Harvard Univ.
Press, Cambridge, xii + 1-506 p.

. 1962. Check-list of Birds of the World, vol. 15. Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, x + 1-315 p.

Praed, C. W. Macworth- and C. H. B. Grant, 1952. Birds of Eastern and
North Eastern Africa, ser. 1, vol. 1. Longmans, Green and Co., New
York, xxv + 1-836 p.

, 1955. Birds of Eastern and North Eastern Africa, ser. 1, vol.
2. Longmans, Green and Co., New York, viii + 1-1099 p.

, 1962. Birds of Eastern and North Eastern Africa, ser. 2, vol.
1. Longmans, Green and Co., New York, xxiv + 1-688 p.

, 1963. Birds of Eastern and North Eastern Africa, ser. 2, vol. 2.
Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd., London, 747 p.

Rand, A. L., 1955. A New Species of Thrush from Angola. Fieldiana,
Zoology. 34 (31): 327-329.

Ripley, S. D. and G. H. Heinrich, 1960. Additions to the Avifauna of
Northern Angola I. Postilla, Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. Yale Univ.
no. 47: 1-7.

Traylor, M., 1963. A Check-list of Angolan Birds. Publ. Cult. Co. Diam
Ang. Lisboa, 61: 1-250 p.

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