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The Power of the Dog

Twenty Plates in Colour

by

MAUD EARL

DESCRIBED BY A. CROXTON SMITH

HODDER AND STOUGHTON

LONDON NEW YORK TORONTO

PRINTED Br HENRr STONE AND SON, LIMITED, BANBURY

ILLUSTRATIONS

I.
THE FOXHOUND

Foxhounds. Owned by Sir Hugo Fitzherbert, Bart.

II.

THE BLOODHOUND

Bloodhound " Cui Bono.'' Owned by Mrs. Burnett Burn

III.

THE POINTER

Pointer " Flax.'' Owned by William Arkwright, Esq.

IV.
THE GREYHOUND

Greyhounds " Spirituelle," owned by Mr. R. N. Stollery. " Rupert of
Debate," owned by Mr. E. V. Raynes

V.
THE PYRENEAN MOUNTAIN DOG

Pyrenean Mountain Dog '■^ Milanollo Nethou." Owned by Lady Sybil
Grant

VI.
THE WELSH TERRIER

Welsh Terriers " Ch. Longmynd Pypyr " and " Longmynd Taffitus.^''
Owned hy Mrs. H. D. Greene

VII.

THE SCOTTISH TERRIER

Scottish Terrier " Scotty.'' Owned by The Hon. Mrs. Charles Tufton

VIII.
THE SEALYHAM TERRIER

Sea ly ham Terrier " Peer Gynt.^'' Owned by Mr. Harry Jones

IX.
THE FOX TERRIER

Fox Terrier Puppy

X.
THE WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

West Highland White Terriers " Tissie " and " Tanner.'' Owned by
Mrs. Lionel Faudel Phillips

XI.
THE MINIATURE BULLDOG

Miniature Bulldogs " Champion Chcvet Punch " and " Chevet Daisy.''
Owned by Lady Kathleen Pill^ington

XII.
THE BULL TERRIER

Bull Terrier " Buller.'' Owned by Mr. Dawson

XIII.
THE CHOW CHOW

Chow " Champion Papoose.'' Owned by Mrs. Lionel Faudel Phillips

XIV.
THE PEKINGESE

Pekingese " Nan Tye of Newnham " and " Ch. Mai-Mai of Newnham.''
Owned by Mrs. William Herbert

XV.
THE MINIATURE POMERANIAN

Miniature Pomeranian " Gatacre Betty.'" Owned by Mrs. Hall Wall^er

XVI.
THE ENGLISH SPRINGER

English Springer " Tissington Flush." Owned by Sir Hugo
Fitzherbert, Bart.

XVII.
THE BOSTON TERRIER

Boston Terrier " Jeffries Junior." Owned by Miss Claudia Lasell

XVIII.
THE GRIFFON BRUXELLOIS

Grifom Bruxellois '' Par\ Place Presto,'' "Park Place Pinkie,''
" Champion Park Place Partisan^' and " Esperance." Owned
by Miss Hall

XIX.
THE xMINIATURE POODLE

Miniature Poodle '' Whippendell Pirouette." Owned by Miss Brunker

XX.
A PEKINGESE PUPPY

Pekingese Puppy " Lu Chu of Newnham." Owned by Mrs. William
Herbert

" Uncouple in the valley ; let them go;

And mar^ the musical confusion
Of hounds and echo in conjunction."

Shakespeare — A Midsummer Night's Dream.

FOX HO UNDS

Owned by Sir Hugo FitzherSert, Bart.

THE FOXHOUND

On the straightest of tegs, and the roundest of feet.
With ribs like a frigate his timbers to meet.
With a fashion and fling and a form so complete.
That to see him dance over the flags is a treat.

Whyte Melville.

AS fine a picture of the ideal foxhound as one could wish to
put in print is conveyed by these words of Whyte Melville,
although the further reminder is necessary that fashion and form
without nose are in vain. The handsomest hound in the world is
a sorry impostor if he will not own to the line when scent is light.
Fox hunting is the essence of sport. There is nothing that can
equal it, looking at it all round. Big game shooting has its excite-
ments and hair breadth adventures, pig sticking in India, and hunting
the wild boar in France are recreations fit for men, but when we
come to consider the innumerable qualifications necessary to make
a good follower of hounds the palm must be assigned to fox hunting.
In the words of the immortal Mr. Jorrocks : " 'Unting is the sport
of kings, the image of war without its guilt, and only five-and-
twenty per cent, of its danger ! In that word ' 'unting,' wot a

ramification of knowledge is compressed ! The choice of an 'oss —
the treatment of him when got — the boots, the breeches, the
saddle, the bridle, the 'ound, the 'untsman, the feeder, the Fox!
Oh, how that beautiful word Fox gladdens my 'eart, and warms
the declinin' embers of my age. ' The 'oss and the 'ound were
made for each other, and natur' threw in the Fox as a connectin'
link between the two.' "

No other sport unites all classes to such an extent or brings
men and women together in such wholesome rivalry. Courage,
skill, judgment and self-restraint are only some of the qualities
brought into play.

Boys to the hunting field. Though 'tis November,
The wind's in the south ; but a word ere we start :

However excited, you'll please to remember
That hunting's a science and riding an art.

The fox takes precedence of all from the covert.

The hunter's an animal purposely bred,
After the pack to be ridden, not over.

Foxhounds are not reared to be knock'd on the head.

Pastime for princes, prime sport of our nation, —
Strength to their sinew, a bloom on their cheek ;

Health to the old, to the young recreation.
All for enjoyment the hunting field seek.

No excuse is needed for quoting these words of Mr. Egerton
Warburton, from a poem said by the late Duke of Westminster to

embody the whole code of honour and practice which it becomes
a gentleman to obey in the hunting lield.

That it is a costly amusement, goes without saying, especially
if our Nimrod elects to hunt in one of the fashionable countries
where the pace necessitates a large stud of horses, but there are still
packs in existence which make more modest demands upon the
purse, and perhaps show better hound work, even if fewer foxes are
killed. The old trencher-fed packs, which provided sport at a
minimum of expense, are, alas, disappearing, very few now being
found in any part of the country. They had the advantage of
interesting the farmers and small local men to an extent that is out
of the question with other packs. Presumably the objections to
the system were stronger than the advantages, otherwise it would
not be allowed to fall into desuetude. On the one side, it may be
said that hounds cared for by a number of people are less liable to
suffer from diseases which are inevitable when many are kennelled
together. On the other, hounds so reared cannot possibly be kept
in the sound condition desirable for a hard day's work, and there
was usually a lack of discipline in the field which was not always
conducive to success.

The influence of fox hunting upon the social and economic
side of rural life is one that should not be overlooked. It means
that during the winter months thousands of wealthy men and

women are content to reside in the country who would otherwise
hibernate in towns, and the money expended upon the keep of
horses runs into enormous sums. Farmers may grumble at times
at the damage done, and contend that the compensation paid them
is inadequate, but they get their own back with interest in other
directions. What the future has in store for the sport is another
matter. Fields may grow so unwieldly as to be a menace to
agriculture ; Masters may find a pack too costly a luxury with a
growing taxation and increasing outlay in other directions. In fact,
many considerations might be urged which may, in years to come,
be sufficiently potent to overcome the glamour and enthusiasm
which now surround the pursuit. Who can say ?

As for the hound himself, what can be said that has not
already been well said by hundreds of writers ? He is the very
perfection of dog flesh, beautiful to look upon in his symmetry and
strength. For many generations men have brought skill and
experience to bear upon the improvement of nature, for nature in
herself is not necessarily perfect. She supplies us with the raw
material, which we mould and fashion to suit our intent. Some
think that certain points are being pushed to extremes, such, for
instance, as the craze for straight fronts. True, in a hound we
want great bone, carried well down to the feet, but it is not an
uncommon thing to see the forelegs knuckling over in a manner
which is dangerously near unsoundness.

" / have seen all things pass and all men go, under
the shadoio of the drifting leaf"

Fiona Macleod.

BLOODHOUND

" Ctii Bono "

O'wned hy Mrs. Burnett Burn

THE BLOODHOUND

And hark ! and hark ! the deep-mouthed barl^

Comes nigher stilly and nigher ;
Bursts on the path a dark bloodhound.
His tawny muzzle tracked the ground.
And his red eye shot fire.

Scott.

OF all the Saints in the calendar the sportsman has most reason
to remember the goodly Abbot of the Ardennes, St.
Hubert, after whom were named two strains of mighty hounds, the
black and the white. Devotion to the memory of the founder of
the Abbey induced successive Abbots to cherish the hounds, from
which are descended the line varieties found in France and Great
Britain unto this day. William the Conqueror had the honour of
introducing the bloodhound into this country, where he has remained
ever since under several styles — lyme hound, sleuth hound, etc.
Right down the pages of history we hnd him popping up, some-
times with sinister import, as when he nearly succeeded in bringing
Robert Bruce into the hands of his pursuers. The fugitive escaped
by the familiar device of wading along a burn :

Rycht to the burn thai passet ware,
Bot the sleuth-hound made stinting thar,
And waueryt lang type ta and fra.
That he na certain gate couth ga ;
Till at the last that John of Lorn
Perseuvit the hund the sleuth had lorne.

So hard a-dying are old prejudices that unto this day this
noble hound, gentlest of his kind, is regarded with a kind of awe.
Time after time have I known a lady pet and fondle one, with the
the remark, " What a beautiful creature. What kind of dog is
he } " and when she has heard the dread name she has recoiled in
fear. It is useless to tell her that one rarely sees a bad tempered
bloodhound, that they are the kindliest mannered gentlemen that
ever walked. She thinks of " Uncle Tom's Cabin," and associates
the name in some way with a thirst for blood. That is sufficient.

In modern times the uses of the bloodhound, when properly
applied, are wholly beneficent. Those marvellous scenting faculties
of his, which astonish all who see them at their fullest development,
may aid in bringing a criminal to justice or in discovering the
whereabouts of a wanderer lost in the wilds. The hound little
recks of the task to which he is being put. His not to reason
why. Ask him to unravel the intricacies of an invisible track left
by the body scent of a person who may have passed many hours
earlier, and, if he be well trained, down goes his nose, and he will
follow yard by yard until the missing one is found. This is no

imaginative picture conjured up by excessive devotion. That the
thing can be done has been demonstrated times without number, and
if there are failures, as failures there must be, we should not blame
the hound so much as those who have had his education in hand.
The instinct is present in practically all, although, naturally, it is
more fully developed in some than others. All that is needed is
for man to draw it out by his knowledge of hound work, aided by
patience. It would be just about as stupid to expect a beginner to
work a line eighteen hours cold as it would to chide a year-old
infant for tumbling in his earliest essays to stand alone. Line upon
line, precept upon precept. First a short distance, hot upon the
footsteps of the runner ; then further aheld and with a longer
interval elapsing, until you may despatch the quarry over night
and ask the hound in the morning to show you where he has been.
As a further refinement in the educative processes the line may be
crossed here and there by strangers, with the intent of teaching the
tracker to discriminate between the true and the false. If he is
worth his keep his sensitive olfactory nerves will have stored up
impressions of the original scent which never can be effaced by any
attempts to foil the track.

One of the great advantages of keeping a bloodhound is that
the delicacies of hound work may be observed without the infliction
of cruelty upon another animal, and at a small expense. At the
same time one has the pleasure of feeling that in his possession is

an agent that may on occasion aid the poHce in tracing the where-
abouts of a criminal, or in restoring a lost child to his home.
Country gentlemen especially, with large estates, might hnd a couple
of bloodhounds more potent protection against the depredations of
poachers than several keepers. I have heard of an estate in Ireland
being entirely freed from this nuisance at very little cost. For
companionship a bloodhound is more suited to the country than a
town. Unless to the manner born, he is not as handy in avoiding
traffic as dogs which are in the habit of relying upon their eyes arid
ears. His nose instinctively is near the ground, and unless your
attention is on him he might easily blunder under motor or cart.
If taken in hand when young he is as amenable to discipline as
any other breed, and, owing to his affectionate disposition, he will
become deeply attached to master or mistress.

" His nostril wide into the murl^y air
Sagacious of his quarry from so far^

Milton — Paradise Lost.

POINTER

" F/ax "

Owned hy William Ar^wright, Esq.

THE POINTER

Stiff by the tainted gale with open nose.
Outstretch' d and finely sensible, draws full.

Fearful, and cautious, on the latent prey ;
As in the sun the circling covey bas^

Their varied plumes, and, watchful every way.
Through the rough stubble turn the secret eye.

Thomson.

THE respective virtues of the Pointer and Setter have been
discussed without stint for many years, the advocates of each
retaining their opinions uninfluenced by the arguments on the other
side. It may not be known that no less a person than Sir Walter
Scott once had a mild hand in the game. In " St. Ronan's Well,"
if you turn to the account of the dinner party which led to much
ill-humour, you will And these remarks : " The company were
talking of shooting, the most animating topic of conversation
among Scottish country gentlemen of the younger class, and Tyrrel
had mentioned something of a favourite setter, an uncommonly
handsome dog, from which he had been for some time separated,
but which he expected would rejoin him in the course of next

week. ' A setter,' retorted Sir Bingo with a sneer ; ' a pointer, I
suppose you mean ? " ' No, sir,' said Tyrrel ; ' I am perfectly aware
of the difference betwixt a setter and a pointer, and I know the
old-fashioned setter is become unfashionable among modern sports-
men. But I love my dog as a companion, as well as for his merits
in the field ; and a setter is more sagacious, more attached, and
litter for his place on the hearth-rug, than a pointer — not,' he
added, ' from any deficiency of intellects on the pointer's part, but
he is generally so abused while in the management of brutal breakers
and grooms that he loses all excepting his professional accomplish-
ments, of finding and standing steady to game.' "

Sir Bingo could not understand why one should wish for
anything more. He never before heard that a setter was fit to
follow any man's heels but a poacher's. Tyrrel's point was that
" many people have been of opinion, that both dogs and men may
follow sport indifferently well, though they do happen, at the same
time, to be fit for mixing in friendly intercourse in society." A
sentiment which we cordially approve. Whether the shooting man •
should select a Pointer or Setter to aid him in the field or on the
moor resolves itself very largely into a question of individual taste.
Either, when well broken, is capable of carrying out his highly
specialized duties with great skill, and no prettier sight can be
imagined than a brace of these clever animals quartering the ground
and coming to a statuesque point when the game is winded. Of

course, in externals the two breeds present many striking difFerences.
Some admire the beautiful coat and gentle expression of the Setter,
while others there are who declare that :

Loveliness
Needs not the foreign aid of ornament,
But is, when unadorn'd, adorn'd the most.

In other words, form appeals more to them than coat. They dwell
upon the handsome outline of the Pointer, his symmetrical, power-
fully knit body, his straight legs and muscular quarters. The
modern dog is not without his critics, however, who contend that
a foxhound cross has been used in modern times as well as many
years ago, and that the hound qualities introduced are detrimental
rather than otherwise. It is urged that the duties demanded of the
Pointer are even more exacting than those of the foxhound, as
regards stamina, and that if the old dogs could perform them
creditably there was no occasion to resort to outside blood, which
developed a headstrong disposition that renders breaking more diffi-
cult, and tends to unsteadiness. In justice to the other disputants,
it should be explained that they deny the alien cross, and contend
that, as the foxhound is a perfect piece of mechanism, Pointer
breeders are justified in attempting to work up to such a worthy
model. Although one does not ask for a potterer it is questionable
if great pace in a gundog is either necessary or desirable, for the
fast animal is liable to pass birds that a slower one would find.

After all, the truest test of excellence is finding birds for the guns,
a feat in which the flashy worker is not always proficient.

In the innumerable letters which have appeared upon the
subject I have never seen reference to the remarks of General
Hutchinson. Possibly they have been quoted and escaped my
observation. This gentleman, who is very rightly regarded as a
sound authority, laid stress upon a sporting dog having small, round,
hard feet, which he held to be a more certain test of endurance
than any other point. " Rest assured, that the worst loined dogs
with good feet are capable of more fatigue in stubble or heather
than the most muscular and best loined, with fleshy ' under-
standings.' The most enduring pointers I have ever seen hunted
had more or less of the strain of the foxhound ; but doubtless they
were proportionately hard to break."

A variety of Pointer not much seen now-a-days is the black,
or Scottish, which, of course, is free from any imputations as to the
purity of his lineage. He is said to be all that one could wish.

.... like greyhounds in the slips.
Straining upon the start y

Shakespeare — Henry V.

GREYHOUNDS

'^■SpirituelW

Owned by Mr. R. N. Stollery

" Rtcpert of Debate "
Owned by Mr. E. V. Raynes

THE^ GREYHOUND

" / see you stand H\e greyhounds in the slips.
Straining upon the start. The gamers afoot T

King Henry V.

EVER since primitive man was put to the necessity of plenishing
the larder, dogs have been sub-divided into those that hunt
by scent and those that pursue the game by sight. The most
notable representative of the latter family is the greyhound, an
ancient and persistent type discoverable in most parts of the world.
Eastern countries furnish us with noble examples, which probably
differ little in shape from the dogs used in the days of the Pharoahs,
and from which, the chances are, our own were derived at some
remote period. Malory thought it no anachronism to introduce
the greyhound into his beautiful story of King Arthur and his
knights. Does not the wife of Aries the cowherd explain how
King Pellinore " took from me, my greyhound, that I had at that
time with me, and said he would keep the greyhound for my love."
Malory was perfectly safe in his allusion, for centuries earlier
carvings on monuments rescued from ancient Egypt, rude though

they may be in their conception, have placed on record that dogs
of this formation were common. It is not unreasonable to suggest
that Egypt was the home of the race, whence they were distributed
by means of caravans through the further East.

When we reach the Middle Ages we are on fairly solid
ground, plenty of evidence being forthcoming as to the manner in
which greyhounds were used. In France deer and wolves were
hunted with them, but the fict that they were differently employed
in this country leads Turbervile to write an original chapter upon
the subject. " We here in England," he says, " do make great
account of such pastime as is to be seen in coursing with Grey-
houndes at Deare, Hare, Foxe, or such like, even of them selves,
when there are neyther houndes hunting, nor other means to help
them. So that I have thought it correspondent unto this myne
enterprise, to set downe some briefe rules which I my self have
seen observed in coursing with Greyhoundes. You shall understand
then that we use three maner of courses with Greyhoundes here in
England, that js at the Deare, at the Hare, and at the Foxe or
other vermine." For coursing the deer, especially red deer, it was
customary to divide the hounds into three ranks, viz.. Teasers,
Sidelays, and Backsets or Receytes. The duty of the Teasers,
either a brace or a leash, was to start the quarry in a certain direction.
Then, after some distance had been traversed, the Sidelays would
be slipped, and being fresh, would probably take the deer. Failing

these recourse was had to the Backsets, which were sHpped in
the fece of the oncoming animal, " to the end they may more
amase him." This does not sound very sporting, but our author
assures us that a red deer was so powerful that it sometimes took
four or live brace of greyhounds to pull him down. Coursing the
hare was set down as the nobler pastime. As in the present day,
so in Elizabethan England, it was not the kill that determined the
merit of a greyhound, but " he that giveth most Cotes, or most
turnings, winneth the wager." At modern coursing meetings, if
two hounds are alike in colour, one has to wear a red, the other a
white collar, in order that the judge may be able to distinguish.
Turbervile remarks: " For the better decidyng of all these questions,
if it be a solempne assembly, they use to appoynt Judges whiche
are expert in coursing, and shall stande on the hilles sides whether
they perceyue the Hare will bende, to marke whiche dogge doeth
best, and to give judgement thereof accordingly : some use when
their Greyhoundes be both ot a colour to binde a handkerchef
aboute one of theyre neckes for a difference. But if it were my
Dogge he shoulde not weare the handkerchef, for I coulde never
yet see any dogge win the course which ware the handkerchef.
And it standeth to good reason that he whiche wareth the hand-
kerchef should be combred therewith, both bycause it gathereth
winde, and also bycause it doth parteley stoppe a dogges breath."
Strange that the expedient of making both wear different coloured
handkerchiefs was not devised until a later date.

Turbervile says that the slowest greyhound that ever ran
would overtake a fox, but owing to Reynard's propensity for
showing tight it was desirable only to use old and crafty hounds.
When a veteran caught a fox you would see him " thrust his fore-
legges backwardes and fall upon him with his chest : and so save
his legges from bytyng when he taketh the Fox."

The three centuries or more that have elapsed since these
words were written have probably witnessed few changes in the
conformation of the greyhound, the hare still adopts the same
subterfuges when chased, but, of course, the rudimentary rules
which then regulated the sport have been developed into an
elaborate code. Such modifications as have been introduced into
the structure of the dog in the course of the ages have been due
to the changes in the nature of the quarry he was designed to
hunt. The earliest dogs, though possessing similar outlines, were
no doubt stronger and somewhat more coarsely built, and as the
hare became the sole object of the chase the tendency would be to
breed for greater rehnement, and consequently more pace. It is
almost impossible to imagine a more gracefully built animal than
the greyhound of the present time.

" Le temps s'en va, le temps s'en va, ma dame !
Las ! le temps non ; mats nous ?ious en aliens ^

RONSARU.

PYRENEAN MOUNTAIN DOG
" Milanollo Nethou "

Oiiih-d hv Laity Syhil Grant

THE PTRENEAN MOUNTAIN DOG

Seated by my side.

At my feet.
So he breathed but air I breathed.

Satisfied !

Browning.

AS the heavy train steamed into Willesden sounds ot barking
directed me to the compartment in which the pup was
travellincr. This, the first excursion from the kennels in which she
had passed the three and a half months of her young life, was an
event to be signalised by signs of disapproval. Strange voices,
stranger modes of locomotion, were disturbing and disconcerting,
and my friendly accents but quieted her momentarily. The protest
was renewed as we proceeded by another train to the home that
was soon to be friendlv and familiar. As for us we were anxious
to see the small creature with such expressive vocal organs. When the
hamper was opened the most delightful little Teddy Bear imaginable
bounded out and proceeded to introduce herself A mass of white
fluffy down, with here and there a splash of lemon, eloquent dark
eyes, and plump as the proverbial partridge. That was Pandore
as we hrst knew her. Time only served to strengthen and

crystallize the early impressions. With manners as charming and
irreproachable as her looks, before many days had passed she had won
all hearts, becoming an important member of the household. That
wise head of hers held brains which led her instinctively to adapt
herself to her surroundings, and fall in with the habits and wishes
of the human gods who formed her little world. Visitors, though
tolerated as necessary evils, were regarded with signal disapproval,
heavy bark and bared teeth warning that no evil intent must be
harboured towards the inmates of the house.

As Pandore grew older the downy coat was shed, profuse long
hair taking its place in gradual transition, and she became more and
more intelligent, until we agreed that we had never, among our host
of canine friends, met one so sensible. None, too, could be more
expressive. When on mischief bent she displayed it with a
roguishness of demeanour that earned absolution for the misdeed
almost before it was perpetrated.

Greatly did she delight in a game of " catch as catch can "
on the lawn with the children. Entering into the spirit ot the fun
she would romp round in endless gyrations, bushy tail extended to
the full a few inches from hands ready to grasp, but she could
calculate to a fraction, twisting and dodging with the art of a
football player, until pity impelled her to pretend she could go on
no longer. One could hll a book relating Pandore's escapades.

but further recital might weary. Let mention of her adventure
with the garden hose suffice as an example of the rest. The
curious serpentine length stretched out on the lawn interested her
vastly, and when she heard the sissling noise made by the air
escaping from the nozzle as the water came on down went her nose
to investigate. A sudden jet full in the face caused a precipitate
retreat, and now as the hose appears there is much commotion at a
diplomatic distance.

These few words convey but inadequately the intelligence and
charm of the Pyrenean Mountain dogs which Lady Sybil Grant
is doing her best to acclimatise in this country. More delightful
companions and trustworthy guardians could not be wished by the
most exigent, nor is this surprising. For centuries they have lived
in communion with their masters on the Pyrenean slopes, protecting
the flocks from bears and wolves, or human depredators. With
the practical disappearance of the former animals their vocation to
an extent has gone, while the inherited instinct remains. They are
no common sheep dogs, used to round up the flocks. In their native
land, the shepherd, following the old Biblical custom, leads his sheep
to the green pastures on the mountains with the advent of spring,
and there they remain until winter approaches. Time was when
severe toll would have been taken of the defenceless creatures during
the long nights but for the unceasing watchfulness of the faithful
Patous posted at various points.

As a French writer recently remarked, while by day the
shepherd could exercise surveillance over the sheep, in the darkness
this was impossible, and " il s'adjoignit done un gardien de nuit fort
et redoutable, dont les aboiements fussent assez puissants pour etre
entendus de loin et repetes par les echos de la montagne ; dont
I'odorat fut assez subtil pour suivre la piste des animaux sauvages et
dangereux ; dont Tintelligence fut assez developpee pour comprendre
que, la nuit tombee, il avait seul la garde du troupeau ; enhn un
compagnon dont I'affection et I'attachement pour les brebis fussent
tels qu'il ne consentit jamais a se separer d'elles et qu'il exposat
courageusement sa vie pour les proteger et les defendre, c'est ainsi
que se constitua le vrai type des Pyreneens."

What is the type of the dog thus highly praised ? In size he

is nearly as tall as a St. Bernard, without being quite so heavily
built, and, although his head is less massive, it is still sufficiently
large to be in keeping with the body. The expression conveys
dignity and serenity as if conscious of power. The long white
coat is marked about the head and in one or two other places on the
body with brindle or lemon splashes. The whole appearance is
that of a large powerful animal, remarkably active for its size, and
capable of much endurance.

" These tivo hated 'with a hate
Found only on the staged ....

Byron — Don Juan.

WELSH TERRIERS

^^ Ch. Longfnyiid Pypyr " ^
" Longmynci Taffitiis "

Oioned by Mrs. H. D. Greene

THE WELSH TERRIER

Though it appear a little out of fashion^
There is much care and valour in this Welshman.

King Henry V.

OF one thing we may rest assured, the Prince of Wales will
have no more devoted friend than the Welsh terrier Gwen
presented to him by the miners of the Principality on his memorable
visit to Carnarvon Castle. She comes of a race, homely looking,
perhaps, but staunch to the core. " By the mess, ere theise eyes
of mine take themselves to slomber, ai'U do gude service, or ai'll
lig i' the grund for it; ay, or go to death; and ai'll pay't as
valorously as I may, that sail I suerly do, that is the breff and the
long." A very happy thought of the working men to make such
a gift to their Prince, and long may Gwen live to ftilfil his behests.
As far as disposition goes one terrier is practically as good as
another, all sharing characteristics in common. Tafty is neither
better nor worse than the others. Any kind of vermin that comes
along is fair game for him, if he only gets the chance of using his

powerful jaws. In the house he is a terror to tramps and all un-
authorised intruders, his sharp ears at once detecting the advent of
strange steps.

Your supercilious show man, who looks more upon the points
of a dog than his inward qualities, may tell you that he lacks the
quality of head seen in the fox terrier, and that his front is not
always as true as could be wished. This may be perfectly correct,
but on the other side one might point to his beautifully balanced
proportions, and his naturally hard coat which demands little
attention before he is fit to go into the ring. These, at any rate,
are compensating advantages which should not be overlooked in
striking a balance of his merits and defects. Greater length and
fineness of head will come in time, and it is not usual to meet so
many with bad front legs as we did a few years ago. There is no
doubt that the breed is improving, and getting more widely dis-
tributed. For a town dog the black and tan jacket has much to
commend it, soiling less readily than that of a fox terrier. Indeed,
one could not ask for a dog that causes less trouble, and this surely
is a consideration in the eyes of busy men and women.

Time was when men were found to declare that the Welsh
terrier was nothing more or less than the old-fashioned black and
tan wire haired terrier once common in England, but they have re-
tired worsted from the fray, and Welshmen are left in possession of

the held. A satisfactory ending on the whole, for it would be a
thousand pities to rob little Wales of her most typical contribution
to the domestic canidce. She has, too, her Springer and Cocker
spaniels, both handsome dogs, but fewer in numbers, and some
years ago she had also rough coated hounds, sturdy and hardy, as
befitted the nature of the country in which they had to work.
Unfortunately, they have practically disappeared.

The fact that the old English and the Welsh terriers displayed
similar markings must not be used as an argument capable of being
pushed to any great extent, for this is a colour that crops up in
most breeds, and is therefore suggestive in many ways. Mr. R. I.
Pocock, an authority to whom we must defer with respect, urges
that it is potentially present in all, and from this fact he finds
justification for the argument in favour of a descent from the wolf
and jackal. A comparison will show that the tan on dogs is
distributed, with the exception of the spots over the eyes, in a
manner precisely identical with the light markings on the wild
animals. His conclusion is that the black and tan pattern is a
nigrescent variation, saved from being completely melanistic by the
pale areas turning tan instead of black like the rest of the body,
tan or red in dogs, as in men and other animals, being an inter-
mediate stage in colour between black and white. The point is
interesting, especially to bulldog men, who debar a black and tan
from winning prizes on the score that the colour denotes a bar

sinister. We should rather prefer to consider it as a reversion to
the natural marking.

In any case, we see no reason for questioning the purity of
the Welsh terrier's lineage. Centuries ago, perhaps, he may have
come from the general stock, but he has been a separate entity
sufficiently long to win him a place as a product of the Principality.
As was to be expected, before dog shows came into vogue, and with
them the necessity of a general standard for every variety, a good
many different types were observable. So they were in every other
breed. This is inevitable until a family likeness has become fixed
by united effort on the part of owners. Even this generic
likeness admits of variations, for it is an easy thing to recognise the
dogs coming from certain kennels, the skill of an individual stamping
minor characteristics which others fail to catch and perpetuate,
though working upon the same material.

" Perhaps it was right to disset?ible your love.
But why did you ^ic{ fne downstairs f"

J. P. Kemble.

SCOTTISH TERRIER '' Scotty''

Owned by the Hon. Mrs. Charles Tujton

THE SCOTTISH TERRIER

" 'The labour lee delight in physics paiiiy

Macbeth.

SHORT legged, long bodied terriers have been indigenous to
Scotland for more centuries than history records. Something
comes to us from the second half ot the sixteenth century, when
the Bishop of Ross wrote of a scenting dog, " of low height,
indeed, but of bulkier body, which, creeping into subterraneous
burrows, routs out foxes, badgers, martens, and wild cats from their
lurking places and dens. Then, if he at any time hnds the passage
too narrow, opens himself a way with his feet, and that with so
great labour that he frequently perishes through his own exertions."
No matter what changes and modifications may have been since
introduced by the skill of man, the bedrock fact remains that the
Bishop's dogs were fashioned much on the lines of the aristocrats
of the show bench to-day. Why Scotland should be prolific in
terriers of the long and low shape, while England and Ireland are
satisfied with those of a normal height is one of those things
difficult of explanation. Theoretically, one would naturally imagine

that the Scottish terrier, the subject of this sketch, the West High-
lander, the Skye, the Daiidie Dinmont, and the Cairn, would be
better adapted for entering narrow earths than the fox terrier, but
men of experience hold that it is not so much the length of leg
which determines a dog's capacity tor going to ground as his
general shape, and a good fox terrier proves in a practical manner,
to the refutation of logicians, that he is equal to the task.

As time goes it is but a brief period since the Scottish terrier
emerged from the general ruck to take coherent shape, different
from his fellows, but, if modern ideas are correct, we may gather
some impression of what he was like by glancing at the Cairn
terriers the next occasion that serves, for these are believed by
many to be the aboriginal terrier whence the others have sprung.
Whether the Dandie Dinmont so originated or not I should not
like to hazard a conjecture without going further into the matter.
The name, of course, only came into being after Scott had written
" Guy Mannering," but the dog w^as there before the book, and
before Mr. James Davidson of Hindlee, who is persistently credited
with being the personage from whom Dinmont was drawn, although
Sir Walter has told us the character was a composite one. There
have been people to declare that the Dandie sprang from some Eastern
dogs imported into Scotland — an idea which should not be in-
herently improbable, especially when we know for a certainty that
the Egyptians some three thousand years ago had animals of this

conformation. The rough coat would be Nature's method of
compensating for the rigours of chmate.

The Scottie is a stout hearted Httle fellow with plenty of
pugnacity, qualities which stand him in good stead when, in his
native land, he is asked to turn the fox out of his lair in the rocks.
The task is not always easy, but the labour in which he delights
physics pain, and he proceeds with zest to bring Reynard to his
master's gun, for in Scotland vulpicide is no sin. In the rough
country hounds are useless, and foxes are to be kept under or they
will become a nuisance. In the South we have no better occupation
for this solemn looking little man than to win prizes for us on the
show bench, or to act as a companion for us in our homes and on
our walks. This he does with much fidelity, winning his way into
our hearts by his pleasing manners. In habits he has a good deal
of independence, which calls for care in his early training if we
would have him all an inmate of the house should be. He has the
merit, too, of attaching himself exclusively to master or mistress,
without the spaniel-like fawning upon strangers which may at times
be very provoking.

English folk are very acquisitive, annexing dogs from all parts
of the habitable globe. Why they should have been so long in
finding out the Scottish terrier is one of those things which cannot
well be explained, and when they did decree that he was worthy of

recognition thev insisted upon foisting upon him the localised name
of " Aberdeen," under which he still goes among many who do
not keep themselves informed in kennel affairs. It was not long
before Scottie became the rage ; again we ha\'e to thank the shows.
Now there is scarcely a street in which he is not to be met.
In his finest form, the flower of fine breeding, and with points
that put him in front of his fellows, he is worth much money, but
in the more homely guise of one discarded as being " not quite
sood enough " his worth is not esteemed highlv. Fortunately, the
majority of people are not worried about type and club standards,
simply asking for a dog that is intelligent, faithRil, and biddable,
who will assume his position as a suitable member of the household.
If we can get one combining these features with a satisfactory
pedigree perhaps on the w'hole it is more agreeable, the average
man preferring to feel that he has the correct thing, though he may
not know anything about it in reality. It is perfectly true, too, that
breeding is as apparent in a dog as it is in a horse or a man. There
is an indefinable something that betokens class.

.... But his zeal

None seconded^ as out of season judged^

Or singular and rash;"

Milton — Paradise Lost.

SEALTHAM TERRIER

''Peer Gy?it''

Oicned by Mr. Harry Jones

THE SEALYHAM TERRIER

" These be hut jests to that he shall do ;
he shall prove a noble \night of prowess,
as good as any is living, and gentle and
courteous, and full of good parts, and
passing true of his promise."

Malory.

ONE might have thought that we have terriers in abundance, and
of sufficient diversity in shape and size to gratify all tastes,
and cope with any kind of work that may come along. England,
Scotland, Wales and Ireland have all furnished their quota, yet the
late Captain Edwardes of Sealyham, Pembrokeshire, a kinsman of
the present Lord Kensington, was not altogether satisfied with
those already in existence. Deeming that a combination of the
virtues of several old breeds would be useful, some seventy or more
years ago he addressed himself to the task of bringing another race
into being. Primarily, it is to be presumed, he sought for courage
and stamina in a small body. He wanted a terrier that would hold
fox or otter, or stay underground with Mr. Brock until the diggers
could reach him. x\lthough as the world goes seventy years make

but a brief period, these seven decades have been sufficiently long
to obliterate the evidences as to the dogs used by the gallant
Captain for his hybridising purposes. The inference is, from
the shape and the occasional silkiness of the hair on the top of
the head, that the Dandie Dinmont played a leading part ; from the
pluck and colour, as well as the stamp of the terriers of thirty
years ago, that Bull Terrier blood is also prevalent. Authorities,
however, are by no means agreed as to the Dandie Dinmont,
Mr. Fred W. Lewis, for instance, writing : " This is all a matter of
speculation, and I am disposed to think that the Welsh cur or
cattle dog — a very sturdily built, short, crooked legged dog, used
by cattle drovers — was the means adopted to shorten the legs of
the Sealyham terriers. The cur in most cases possessed plenty
of pluck, and an inherent taste for hunting. That the majority of
Sealyham terriers were very crooked in front is a well known fact,
which can be verified by those of us who are old enough to
remember Captain Edwardes and his dogs."

In his pursuit of gameness Captain Edwardes had inevitably
to meet with disappointments here and there, not all the puppies
he bred conforming to the exacting standard which he had set up
in his own mind. Like the sensible man he was he decided that
if his object were to be achieved, no pusillanimous dog must be
allowed to live and aid in perpetuating the race. So it came about
that a certain number had to be put under from time to time, with

the result that the survivors more nearly approximated to the re-
quirements of their owner. If all breeders were content to take
measures as drastic their end would be attained with more ease, no
matter what it might be, but wretched pecuniary considerations
intrude themselves to prevent such a policy of perfection becoming
common.

Naturally, a certain number of the terriers in course of time
passed beyond the bounds of the home kennels into other hands,
and when Captain Edwardes' strain came to an end on his death in
the seventies, enough were in being to ensure the perpetuation of
the race. Unfortunately, those that remained were not bred from
with as scrupulous care as was exercised by the founder. A £e\v
were kept on by the Captain's niece. Miss Borrowdaile, the remainder
being distributed far and wide. Until the last few years, the
Sealyham had but a local reputation, occasionally one appearing at
shows in South Wales, without attracting much notice. About
eight years ago a dog called Peer Gynt, bred by Mr. G. H. Morton,
became prominent, experts considering that he approached more
nearly than any other to Captain Edwardes' ideal, as he had the
type as well as a reputation for subterranean exploits. From him
have sprung many of the terriers which are to-day being exhibited
with success, and he has rarely been beaten in the show ring. His
purchase by Mr. Harry Jones for ^50 at the Kennel Club show of
1 9 10 marked an epoch in the history of the variety.

It was only necessary for Sealyhams to be seen in order for
them to gain admirers, and in the course of quite a short time they
have become one of the features of any large show. Opinion
is agreed that Sealyhams are useful-looking terriers, hard bitten,
and fully capable of acquitting themselves as staunchly as their
supporters aver. That the type is not yet altogether characterised
by uniformity is a matter for no surprise, and any differences that
are apparent can easily be adjusted. All that we can hope is that
in the future he will remain in the right hands, and not be made a
pawn in the game of commercialism, or be allowed to degenerate
into a carpet knight.

A reference to Miss Earl's picture will give one a better idea
of the style of terrier required than any pen portrait can convey.
It may be noted that he should have a long and powerful jaw,
squarer than that of the fox terrier. The drop ears are V-shaped,
and the eyes, set wide apart, are round and large, of a dark brown
or dark hazel colour. The broad chest should be well let down
between the forelegs. The body is long and supple, ribs well
sprung, hindquarters very powerful. The legs should be as short
and straight as possible, and the feet round and cat-like. The
colour is mainly all white, or with lemon, brown, or badger-pied
markings.

" S/wii, shun the hoivl, that fatal facile drw{.

There may be silver in the blue-blacky all
I know of is the iron and the gall.''

RuDYARD Kipling.

FOX TERRIER PUPPY

THE FOX TERRIER

For hutithi the varmin reet clever "was he.
And the house frer a robbers his bark ivad keep free.
Could baith fetch and carry ; could sit on a stool.
Or, nvhen frisky, ivad hunt water rats in a pool.
Weel-bred Cappy, famous aud Cappy,
Cappy s the dog. Talli-ho ! Talli-ho !

A DOG that's fit for anything, badger or fox, rats or rabbits,
the Fox Terrier is of universal distribution. We meet
him on the show bench, spruce and well groomed,, exchanging
wordy warfare with his neighbour ; running with the hounds, ready
for any work that may chance, or at his master's feet in the smoking
room when the doings of the day are recounted — no matter where
he may be, he will make himself at home, in cottage or in hall, so
long as there is sport afoot in the daytime, and a dry bed to lie
upon at nights.

Talk about terriers takes us back many centuries. The worthy
Dr. Caius, founder of the college at Cambridge, tells us about
them, and a few years later we have old Turbervile's dissertation in

his " Book of Hunting." The worst of it is, we do not know
how much is Turbervile, how much Du Fouillot, whom he trans-
lated, and how much still earlier writers from whom the Frenchman
borrowed. What we do know is that our ancestors dug the fox
and " badgerd " after the manner in which we dig them now-a-days,
and that they used terriers in the sport. We have also evidence
that terriers of various kinds existed, Turbervile writing " You must
understand that there are sundrie sortes of terriers, whereof wee
hold opinion that one sorte came out of Flaunders or the low
Countries, as Artoys and thereabouts, and they have crooked legges,
and are short beared moste commonly. Another sorte there is
which are shagged and streight legged ; those with the crooked
legges will take earth better than the other, and are better for
the Badgerd, bycause they will lye longer at a vermine ; but the
others with streyght legges do serve for twoo purposes, for they wyll
Hunte above the grounde as well as other houndes, and they enter
the earthe with more furie than the others : but they will not abide so
long, bycause they are too eagre in right, and therefore are con-
strayned to come out to take the ayre : there are both good and
badde of bothe sortes."

True, good sir, even unto this day there are good and bad of
both sorts ; and there are good and bad sportsmen also, but I doubt
if our modern Nimrods are sufficiently luxury-loving to take with
them air cushions v/hen they go badger digging. Turbervile's

" Lords or Gentlemen which will follow this pastime " were
admonished to have halt a dozen mats upon which to lie as a
protection against the damp earth, and " some used to carrie a
windbed whiche is made ot leather strongly sowed on all the foure
sides, and having a Pype at one of the corners to blowe it as you
would blowe a Baggepvpe."

It was probably somewhere about the beginning of the last
century that the fox terrier blossomed from the nondescript stage,
into dehnite shape. When Peter Beckford, cousin of the author of
'' Vathek," published his classic work on hunting a hundred and
thirty years ago, there were at least black, white, and red terriers,
and doubtless also variants on these colours, as little trouble seems
to have been taken over the breeding, so long as the dogs were
staunch, and capable of doing the work for which they were
required. The present day aristocrat of the show bench has in
him the blood of a long line of ancestors who have done yeoman
service in their time, and, though he may differ in details, the
general conformation remains much the same. Of course, he is
better looking, the signs of race being more apparent, but whether
or no he is any the worse adapted to fulhl his duties is a subject of
endless controversy into which I need not enter in this place. The
chief point to consider in this connection is the family rather than
the individual. The owner of a dog worth some ^^500 is not'
particularly keen about letting him run any risk of injury, but if

his collaterals and progeny are worthy knights of the held, we
should not worry about that. The main thing is to see that the
points which the exhibitor strives to produce are not incompatible
with working qualities. The aim of these gentlemen is to breed
a symmetrical dog which shall be built much upon the lines of a
hunter, and it is necessary that he should have a hard coat htting
him for duties in all weathers. The markings, mere externals, are
immaterial, although it is a common thing to hear a novice enlarge
upon the beauties of his terrier because he happens to have some
nice even black and tan upon his head. Such considerations as
this should be left to the " fancier " pure and simple. In a toy it
is perfectly legitimate to lay stress upon colour and marking, for
his main object in life is to please the eye, but in a working dog
conformation and stamina should have precedence over everything
else. Fire and courage are essentials, without which a fox terrier,
or a terrier of any kind, is but a sorry impostor, suitable only to
adorn a cushion by the hreside. There may be individuals who
prefer this kind of creature, but happily few are to be found in the
ranks of terrier breeders.

" Alas ! they had been friends in youth.
But whispering tongues can poison truth."

Coleridge — Christabel

WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIERS

" Tissie " ^ " Tamier "

Owned by Mrs. Lionel Faudel Phillips

THE WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

" He was a gash an faithful ty\e.
As ever lap a sleugh or dy\e.
His honest, sonsie, haws' nt face.
Ay gat him friends in il^a place."

Burns.

WE have already mentioned Scotland's terriers, the tale of
which, however, is incomplete without some references
to the wiry coated white tyke, the West Highland Whire terrier,
whose winning ways have got him friends in every place. Though
little known south of the Tay until quite recent years, he is now
highly favoured of fortune, few varieties of terriers enjoying a more
genuine popularity. In his native country, the wild land of Skye
and the western parts of Inverness-shire, he has proved his worth
for generations, none coming to us with sounder credentials. Foxes,
badgers, otters are his sworn foes against whom he has waged
unceasing warfare, just as his Scottish terrier cousin has done.
Mrs. Cameron Head has well explained his vocation : " In the old
days, before deer forests extended over such a large area in the
Highlands, and the land was principally under sheep, fox hunters

used to traverse the country from one sheep farm to another, and
days were organised for attacks upon special cairns in which foxes
were known to be. The fox hunter himself kept a strong, varmint
breed of terrier, and the shepherds and keepers on each estate did
the same, so that when an onslaught was organised upon Reynard
the stiffest and hardest duty fell to the terriers, for they were
expected to go into the cairns and tackle the inmates single handed,
deep in the bowels of the rocks, where no man, and indeed no
other dog, could enter because of the narrowness of the passages.
The terrier generally selected for this stern conflict was not the
white one, who was regarded as weaker than his brethren with more
colour in their coats— though we think that in this his breeders did
him an injustice."

In those days sandy and brindled dogs were looked upon as
the hardier, but one or two families in the Isle of Skye made a
habit of preserving the white or sandy and destroying the brindles.
Among these were the Macleods, Lairds of Drynoch. As a daughter
of Norman Macleod, born in 1800, was wont to declare that her
father and grandfather kept terriers of this colour, we are taken
back into the early part of the Eighteenth century. This seems
conclusive, but so much conflicting evidence has been brought
forward during the last two or three years that it is difficult to
unravel the truth from amid the tangled threads of controversy.
Probably most of the modern dogs are largely indebted to terriers

from the mainland. Colonel Malcolm's strain at Poltalloch, for
instance, has existed for a long period, and Brogach, whose name
figures in so many fashionable pedigrees, was of the breed taken to
Portree in 1896 by Mr. James Mackintosh. They were only called
"white" by courtesy, the real colour being a cream. For practical
purposes this is near enough, the pure colour being obtainable by
selection, and capable of being more or less permanently established
in the course of a few generations.

Many of the characteristics of the West Highland White
Terrier are similar to those of the Scottish. He is dead game, a
glutton for work, and he, too, is exclusive in his attachments, with
a dignity of demeanour that is particularly charming. He has not
the demonstrative fiissiness of some of the terrier family, for which
reason he is a welcome member of the household. In his education
firmness is needed to overcome a highly strung nervousness, which
is only accentuated by correction. Indeed, a severe rating or a
thrashing will make him for ever suspicious. Treat him with
kindness tempered by a decisiveness that marks you out as his
master, and he will be your devoted servant.

So great has been the demand for these dogs that puppies,
even of moderate pretensions, command a high price, and the best
are capable of fetching several hundreds. Mr. Viccars' Champion
Kiltie was purchased by an American for 400 guineas, and others

have made half that sum. Time being young, so far as attempting
to breed in conformity with a certain standard is concerned, we
must not be surprised to see still some divergences in type, one
judge preferring one kind and another another. One thing is
positive — the dog must not be bred on the lines of a Scottish Terrier,
although when he was first introduced the idea was prevalent that
he was but a white edition of the older dog. The West Highlander
is smaller, somewhat shorter in the back, and with legs a trifle
longer. He is altogether more active. In the head, too, differences
may be detected. This is broader in skull, and has a more clearly
defined stop beneath the eyes, and the muzzle is not so long and
powerfiil. His coat should be longer than that of Scottie — about
two and a half inches long to be exact — and it must be hard and
wiry without any suspicion of curliness or waving. The shaggy
hair on the face prevents earth and sand getting into the eyes when
he is busy underground in his efforts to dislodge fox or badger. A
profusion of soft undercoat has wet-resisting value. Finally, a good
terrier must move with plenty of liberty.

" Some there are ■vcho do thus in beauty love each other.'"

Maeterlinck

MINIATURE BULLDOGS

" Champion Che-vet Punch " (^ " Chevet Daisy "

Oivned by Lady Kathleen Pilkington

THE MINIATURE BULLDOG

" Which I have a small favour to asl^ you.

As concerns a bull-pup, and the same, —
If the duty would not overtask you, —

Tou would please to procure for 7ne, game ;
And send her express to the Flat, Miss, —

For they say Yor\ is famed for the breed.
Which, though words of deceit may be that. Miss,

ril trust to your taste Miss, indeed.'^

Bret Harte.

THE rage for bantamising things has occupied the minds of
men for countless generations. Japan has sent us dwarf
trees and bantam fowls. Great dames of Egypt, and, later^
of Greece and Rome, had their toy dogs, some of which were
miniature editions of larger varieties. We, too, have pursued the
same custom, with our toy spaniels, toy terriers, and now miniature
bulldogs. You must not call these little midgets "toys" unless
you would offend the susceptibilities of those who favour them.
The objection to the employment of this word in such a connection
is perfectly valid, for, in the real sense, the miniature bulldog is
not a toy at all ; he is merely a replica in little of the bigger
brother from whom he has sprung. His lineage is as pure, his

pretensions to breeding as justihable. Probably if the French
bulldog had never been imported we should have heard nothing of
the miniature. Somewhere about 1893 the late Mr. G. R. Krehl
exhibited a team of the small Parisians under the name of French
Toy Bulldogs, but it did not take long to see that, whatever may
have been the origin of these dogs, in the intervening years they
had departed very materially from the accepted bulldog character.
The wide, upward sweeping underjaw of the national breed was
absent, and the ears i In the eyes of the orthodox these in-
dispensable members were everything they should not be. The
erect, commonly termed "tulip" or "bat" ear, surmounting the
skull of an ordinary bulldog would be an enormity, so after much
disputation the rival schools wisely decreed to go divergent ways,
and to have their respective favourites christened Miniatures and
French. Now that matters have settled down it is incontrovertible
that this was the most sensible way out of the difficulty. Light
weight and French bulldogs may all have sprung from the English
Midlands, but, as a decade or two will suffice to establish a new
type, by the time they were expatriated the Gallic dogs had
departed in essentials from the type desired by English breeders.
Our French friends, unfettered by tradition, and without the correct
stamp in their minds, had evolved a creation of their own. There
let it rest.

The intrusion, however, stimulated an endeavour to revi\e in

its purity the small bulldog which was common enough in the
sixties. The task presented so many obstacles that surely none
but ladies, with all the enthusiasm and perseverance of their sex,
would have ventured upon it. Lady Kathleen Pilkington and
Mrs. Carlo F. C. Clarke, staunch from the beginning, are still
pursuing their object with admirable pertinacity, and, what is more,
they are succeeding in converting the scoffers to the view that a
miniature edition of the big dog is a possibility. Every year the
type is improving, and the dreadful unsoundness that was at first so
common is being extinguished. Miniature bulldogs can now walk
instead of crawl, and the backs are better, although we still meet
some that dip too much behind the shoulders. Early experiences
almost warranted the taunt: "Thou call'dst me dog before thou
hadst a cause," a taunt which is no longer justified.

No one will pretend that the miniature bulldog is good tor
anything other than companionship. He could not throw an ox
if we wished to set him to such barbarous work, but if we want
an inmate of the house of manageable size and reasonable pro-
portions, with the looks and attributes of a larger animal, we have
one ready at hand. They are not easy to breed. If they were,
half the interest in the pursuit would vanish at once, for most of
the pleasure in a hobby consists in having some obstacle to over-
come. Lady Kathleen Pilkington once wrote: "To cultivate
them has been an intense interest, and a very great pleasure, for

they are a most fascinating little breed, and one which anybody
with even a minimum of time and money could do a very great
deal worse than devote themselves to, for both as show dogs and as
pets they repay one a hundredfold, when one has the good luck to
be successful, and a great many times when one hasn't. . . . To
keep them merely as pets is a real pleasure, as few dogs are better
tempered or more affectionate, and with ordinary care they are
healthy and strong."

" I have no urns, no dusty 7notnwients,
No bro\en images of ancestors.
Wanting an ear or nose : no forged tables
Of long descents, to boast false honours from.''

Ben Jonson.

BULL TERRIER '' Buller''

Oivned by Mr. Dawson

THE BULL TERRIER

" That island of England breeds very
valiant creatures.''

King Henry V.

STAUNCHEST of the staunch, the Bull Terrier will hght to
the death in the service of one he loves. Although of high
courage he is not necessarily a seeker after quarrels with others of his
kind, but when he has entered upon one he follows the advice of
Polonius, so bearing himself that the opposed may beware of him.
There is a story related of a Dalmatian whose duty it was to follow
his master's carriage to the station every morning. At a certain
house on the road was a surly retriever, who constantly made the
unhappy creature lament that he was ever born a dog, what time his
owner cursed his pusillanimity. One day this gentleman confided
his trouble to a friend who kept a bull terrier. " We will soon
settle the retriever," was the reply, and next morning the terrier,
with artistic black spots dotted about his body, made the journey
instead of the Dalmatian, and gave the bully such a bad quarter of
an hour that for ever after he held his peace.

Fifty or more years ago, one regrets to record, the bull

terrier was a very disreputable fellow, his avocation being dog

jfighting, badger baiting, and ratting. In the middle of last century

no undergraduate of sporting proclivities had completed his

education until he could appraise the merits of one of these dogs.

We all remember how Charles Stewart Calverley traced the

metamorphosis of the Freshman, whose education grew by degrees

until he

Learned to work the wary dog-cart

Artfully through King's Parade ;
Dress, and steer a boat, and sport with

Amaryllis in the shade :
Struck, at Brown's, the dashing hazard ;

Or (more curious sport than that)
Dropped, at Callaby's, the terrier

Down upon the prisoned rat.

Gone are these days, " good old times," they were called, when by
some strange perversion baiting an imprisoned animal was miscalled
sport. We are no less sporting to-day, but our tastes have assumed
a healthier form, and it has become a wholesome law that the
object of our pursuit shall have a decent chance of making good
his escape.

The prejudices excited' by the earlier associations of the bull
terrier were not easily overcome, and it was many years before he
received the entrance to decent society. Doubtless dog shows had
much to do with his rehabilitation, people coming at last to

recognise his sterling qualities, although the practice oi cropping
the ears, continued until 1895, kept him from winning his proper
place in popular regard. However desirable this form of mutilation
may have been in the fighting era, the suffering involved w^as
afterwards wholly unnecessary, and the decision of the Kennel Club
to put an end to it was one of the wisest things this body has ever
done. The belief of the pessimists that the bull terrier had received
his death blow has not been justified by results. At hrst, it is true,
the natural ear was an eyesore, much detracting from the smartness
of appearance, but the new generation, having become accustomed
to the present style, sees little of which to complain, and contents
itself with the dog as he is.

Not only are classes at shows well hlled, but the ordinary
man, who never dreams of exhibiting, is coming to see that if he
would have an ideal guard and faithful companion, not too large
for the house, and yet with sufficient weight and pluck to tackle a
burglar, he could not well do better than buy a bull terrier. The
old dogs were of all sorts, sizes, colours and types, little uniformity
being observable, but now we have a shapely animal, with an air of
breeding and class. Note the power and symmetry of his body,
a combination of agility and gracefulness. He is as clean built as
a bit of sculpture. The small eye may be a stumbling block at
first, but even this, on examination, becomes a fitting complement
to the shape of the head, and we would not have it otherwise.

One undoubted drawback is the tendency to deafness inherited by
so many. Why the pure white dog should be subject to this
defect would need an explanation of too scientific a nature to make
it admissible within the scope of this chapter. It may be noted,
however, as a matter of interest, that the presence of one or two
dark marks on the skin, not apparent in the coat, is sufficient to
maintain the hearing unimpaired. The correlation between the
total absence of pigment and the non-existence of the sense of
hearing has frequently stimulated the investigation of scientists.
The same phenonomen is manifested in the feline race, white cats
with blue eyes almost invariably being deaf. The curious thing is
that if one of the eyes is of a different colour the hearing is not
defective. Darwin's omission to speak of the bull terrier when
writing upon this topic is not surprising, considering that the
all-white dogs were not common in his time. They were a later
product.

'■'■For ways that are dark.

And for tricks that are vain.
The heathen Chinee is peculiar.'''

Bret Harte.

CHOW " Champion Papoose "
Oivfied by Mrs. Lionel Faudel Phillips

THE CHOW CHOW

" Beasts which Buff on never knew.''

WE English are curiously eclectic in our tastes, canine
as well as philosophical. Not content with what we
have, we go on ransacking the world for something new,
something strange, something that no one else has got, until in the
process of time the variety we have acquired becomes so acclimatised
that we almost think it our own. Among the strangers from the
uttermost parts of the earth which have enriched the ranks of our
domestic ca7ticlce^ the Chow Chow holds high position, but, though
he is with us, he never seems to be a part and parcel of our lives.
Watch his demeanour. See him going through life occupied with
his own concerns ; rather, preoccupied, I should say^ for he has a
singular indifference to his surroundings. Is his mind in his old
home in the far East ?

" For the temple bells are callin', an' it's there that I would
be." Perhaps, pondering the deeper mysteries of this world, he
has arrived at Thoreau's conclusion that : " Public opinion is a

weak tyrant compared with our own private opinion. What a man
thinks of himself, that it is which determines, or rather indicates
his fate." The Chow gives one the impression of being a wise
dog, who has inherited the impassive demeanour of his original
Chinese masters. Mankind, as a whole, has no interest for him ;
he attaches himself to one person with great fidelity ; to others, his
demeanour, if not actually surly, is that of mere toleration. If
you meet one with whom you have a bowing acquaintance, in
the street, and speak to him, there is no responsive movement
of the tightly-curled tail, no relaxation of the muscles of the grim
face. You feel hopelessly snubbed, any overtures of friendship
are summarily rejected. On reaching a new home, the Chow
may be weeks before he is reconciled to his position, and you
almost despair of the ill success of your efforts to establish cordial
relations. Then comes the day on which he decides that you will
do, and thence onward he is your liege man, offering you all the
homage of which his nature is capable. In many respects he fulfils
the nine conditions of Confucius's " superior man." In expression
he is benign, in demeanour decorous, in duties respectful. I should
not care to say, though, that in resentment he thinks of difficulties,
for he will not take kindly to correction.

From these remarks it will be gathered, if I have made my
meaning clear, that he is a dog who attaches himself devotedly to
one person, while the rest of the world has no part in his existence.

I know of no other dog with such strongly marked individuality,
even in his tongue he elects to be eccentric, for that is of a deep
black, instead of the ordinary flesh colour. There are other
peculiarities about him which call for mention. For instance, if
you are tired of him as a pet, certain parts of his body are regarded
as delicacies fit to be served upon the table. The Chinese epicures,
I believe, content themselves with his ieet. As he lives mainly
upon rice in his Oriental home, the idea of an edible Chow Chow
is not quite so repulsive as if his subsistence were of a carnivorous
kind.

Then the Chow has a more fully developed sense of locality
than most dogs. He will return to his home with unerring instinct
although he may have seen it but once before — even the intricacies
of London streets present no dilBculties to him. Some friends of
mine once took their Chow to the sea, living in one house for a week
and then moving into another. The hrst morning of their change
of residence they lost the dog when out tor a long walk, but he
came back to the new place without the slightest hesitation.
Nothing pleases a Chow more than the opportunity of wandering
about as fancy pleases him. In his long and solitary rambles he
will stroll round in apparently aimless manner, not so much as
saying " good day " to another of his order who may happen to
pass. Should, however, the stranger dog show a disposition
towards belligerency, he may have reason to regret his temerity,

for the Chow's jaws are powerful, and his dense coat is almost as
effectual a protection to his flesh as a suit of mail. It is not usual
for him to come off second best, and his nature bids him renew
the conflict whenever occasion serves.

In appearance the Chow is distinctly favoured, his short
cobby body, straight forelegs, and powerful hindquarters making
him look compact and strong. The small pointed ears, carried
stiffly erect and forward over the eyes, are a fitting completion to
the head, which needs to be broad and flat. The expression
should be scowling rather than benevolent. Individual taste may
have much play in the choice of colours, as we may choose from
all black, red, yellow, blue or white. At present the red seems to
be the most in demand, although efforts are being made to
popularise the blue. This is a very beautiful colour when we get
it in purity and brilliancy, but so many blues have a rusty tinge
which is by no means agreeable. The blacks, too, sometimes
suffer under the same disability. Owners of blues and creams
complain that it is of little use exhibiting them, however typical
they may be, owing to the judicial preference for the reds. Well,
I may be wrong, but I should always be disposed to put shape
and type before colour, presuming of course^ that the latter came
within the standard. The head is one of the most characteristic
features of the Chow, the blunt, broad muzzle having nothing of
the Pomeranian or foxy style about it.

'■'For we are Ancients of the earth.'''

Tennyson.

PEKINGESE

" Na?i Tye of Newiiham "

" Ch. Mai-Mai of Newji/iam "

Owned by Mrs. William Herbert

THE PEKINGESE

" There are three persons, mind you, to be
attended to ; my lord, my lady, as the
case may he (usually the latter), the pet
daughter, and the pet dog.''

" Vivian Grey."

BUT there is neither East nor West, Border nor Breed nor
Birth " when great ladies of the Occident decree that dogs
of the Orient are worthy of acquisition. Thus it comes about that
one of the most popular toy dogs of the day is the Pekingese —
the Palace dog of his own land, treasured and guarded by many
generations of Emperors and Empresses. Even to-day in China
the task of collecting individuals outside the Royal palaces is
attended with the utmost difficulty, and great must be the amaze-
ment of any untravelled Chinaman who sets foot in this country for
the first time on seeing so many about. Our own history of the
breed begins with the advance of the French and English troops
upon Pekin in i860. The occupation of the city being a
formidable undertakmg for such a small body, the allies made a
movement on the Summer Palace of the Emperor at Yen Min Yuen,
nearly four miles from Pekin. The victory was of a Pyrrhic

nature, as the defenders fled. When the British soldiers entered
the Palace much booty had already been removed, but several of
the Emperor's favourite dogs remained behind, two of which
passed into the possession of Lord John Hay. Two more became
the property of an officer, who subsequently presented them to the
then Duchess of Richmond, and General Dunn picked up another,
which he had the pleasure of giving to Queen Victoria. So the
story usually ends in most of the literature upon the subject, but,
reading through some old volumes of " Country Life," dated 1899,
I find that there were others, of which sight had been lost.
Admiral Oliver Jones, then a Captain, who was present on the
occasion, has stated that there were six, the mother and five puppies,
one of which he had. A month or two later Mr. H. Townshend
wrote to say that two officers of the 99th Foot also got a couple,
fi-om whom puppies were born in Canton. Mr. Townshend brought
home one which lived for seventeen years, and was one of the most
perfect animals in intelligence and habits that he had ever met.

The last remark probably explains the spell which these little
creatures seem to cast over their owners. Superficially, one might
think that the English toy spaniels should never be supplanted by
the Chinese, and as far as mere beauty is concerned one would
assign the palm to the lovely Japanese, but the Chinaman has come
and conquered. He must be endowed with some intrinsic merits
which are not apparent to the casual observer, one of which

undoubtedly is the soundness of his constitution, a capacity for
withstanding diseases to which others succumb only too readily.
Whether this immunity will be retained or no is a debatable point.
When the breed first started upon its career of popularity some
twelve or fifteen years ago the numbers were strictly limited, and
much inbreeding mtist have been necessary. While this may mean
the perpetuation of a desired type it connotes also the possibility
of an increased susceptibility to disease. The longevity attained
by the earlier importations is sufficient proof of their stamina then.
The letter I have quoted speaks of one reaching seventeen years,
an age exceeded by a year by one of Lord John Hay's.

The charm of so many Pekingese that I have seen is that
although toys in weight there is nothing toyish in their dispositions.
They have all the boldness of bigger dogs, a fine capacity for de-
votion to master or mistress, engaging manners, tenacious memories,
and indefatigable activity, all of which are virtues to justify our
regard.

Externally they should have a massive front, tapering off
behind the ribs to a distinct " waist," a conformation which is
supposed to give them a leonine aspect. The legs should be short,
heavy of bone in front and bowed outwards at the elbows. The
head needs to be massive, with a broad flat skull, wide between
the ears. The body must not be long. On the other hand,

the coat should be profuse. Altogether you want a big dog in a
small compass.

Bearing in mind the long ancestry of the Pekingese, the many
centuries through which he has been the spoilt child of fortune in
that inscrutable land whence he comes, it should not be a difficult
matter to maintain the type in its correctitude, but critics are already
complaining of the introduction of undesirable features, such as
long legs, flat sides, and so on. I have on other occasions pointed
out that the true toy at his best should not be merely a weed.
Nearly anyone can get a light dog if he is bred from indifferent
parents, and subjected to semi-starvation during the growing period.
The real enthusiast, however, is not satisfied with such a miserable
travesty, and people who buy Pekingese as pets should insist upon
having those that have plenty of bone, and are sturdily put together.
The expert is not likely to be misled by these aptly called " flat-
catchers." It is the novice who is to blame by creating the demand
for a tiny specimen, without regard for his make and shape.

"O mistress mine, 'where are you roaming"?^'

Shakespeare — Tzvelfth Night.

MINIATURE POMERANIAN
" Gatacre Betty "

Oicned by Mrs. Hall Walker

THE MINIATURE POMERANIAN

" In small proportions we just beauties see ;
And in short measures life may perject be."

Ben Jonson.

" "^ "^ XHAT do you lack, what do you buy, mistress? A fine
y Y hobby horse, to make your son a tilter ? a drum, to

make him a soldier ? a fiddle, to make him a reveller ? what is't
you lack ? little dogs for your daughters ? " What is it you buy,
mistress ? Little dogs for your daughters ? Not so, but little dogs
for yourselves, and none do you favour more than the Pomeranian,
miniature or otherwise — this dainty, elfin-like whimsicality, charming
in form, beautiful in colouring, and graceful in manners. The vogue
of the Pomeranian calls for no explanation, so self-evident are the
reasons. Men as a class are drawn towards the sporting dogs,
terriers, setters, pointers, hounds, spaniels, but no woman yet set
eyes on one of these midgets without succumbing to its attractions.
Rapid though the advances made by the Pekingese have been, the
Pomeranian has not lost ground in any sense^ It may be that he
would have won still more supporters if it had not been for the

advent of the Celestial. That I will not dispute, but there are few
defections from the ranks of the enthusiasts who have fashioned
him into what he is. They remain true, despite the blandishments
of others.

The Pomeranian owes his position to no adventitious circum-
stances ; he has won his way into our hearts by sheer merit, until
to-day he is to be found among all classes. Queen Alexandra's
Marco is said to have ranked high among her many favourites, and
he carried himself in a manner which showed a consciousness of his
own vast importance. In one respect these dogs differ from most
toys. A few years ago the slums of the East End provided Pug
breeders with many a fortunate find ; in Yorkshire and Lancashire
Yorkshire terriers frequently serve as a source of income for the
working men, who bring them up in their homes, converting the
kitchen dresser into kennels ; the Griffon Bruxellois, as has already
been mentioned, was preserved from extinction by the labouring
classes of Brussels when he had fallen into neglect in high circles.
The Pomeranian, on the other hand, is usually a denizen of wealthy
or middle class homes, although in certain cases working men and
women are the owners of important kennels.

The Pomeranian is not alone an aristocrat of the show pen.
Take a walk wherever Society may congregate, in the West End,
on the front at Brighton in the winter months, at Harrogate or any

other place frequented in its season by members of the great world,
and there you will see him in force, escorting his beloved mistress
with all the assurance in the world. So gay and irresponsible is
his action that you might well describe him as the butterfly of the
canine race. No doubt the demand from the general public,
regarded from the point of view of the expert, is not wholly without
its drawbacks, for the patent reason that, in the efforts to cope with
this demand breeders are not always particular about keeping up
the level. Having this fact in mind it is encouraging to think there
are not more bad ones about.

If Darwin had been living the story of the Pomeranian would
have furnished him with some admirable illustrations of the variations
that man is capable of producing in the canidce within the space of
a comparatively few years. Half a century ago the dogs that were
imported into this country were mainly white, weighing twenty
pounds or more. If we enquired into their origin the conclusion
would be forced upon us that they were of sub-Arctic extraction,
the resemblance to the dogs of the colder regions rendering any
other conclusion impossible. We note the similarity in coat, the
foxy-shaped head, the tightly-curled tail, and the erect ears.

One has not to be very old to recall the gradual reduction in
size, going side by side with the introduction of new and beautiful
colours, which are mostly of great brilliance and purity. There

are whites, blacks, browns and sables in several shades, orange,
blues, beavers, chocolates, black and whites, racoons, tricolours and
others — a range exeniplihed by no other variety. One has almost
to be an artist to follow the subtle gradations, which, however, can
be appreciated by the most commonplace Philistine. When we
contemplate the wonderful creations we are amazed at the cleverness
of the ladies engaged in the pursuit. Nature plays strange pranks
in relation to her colour schemes, and the most skilful breeder is
she who has an encyclopaedic knowledge of the mingling of blood
necessary to bring about a given result. The problem is further
complicated by the influence of the law of heredity, and some
of the most exquisite shades have come by chance in the first
instance.

The desire for small specimens, many of which may weigh no
more than two and a half pounds, has led to a sub-division of the
variety into Pomeranians and Pomeranians miniature. It is one of
the latter that Miss Earl has so well depicted.

" 0, how full of briers is this worl(tng-day world! "

Shakespeare — As I'oit Like It.

ENGLISH SPRINGER

" Tissington Flush "

Owned by Sir Hugo Fitzherbert, Bart.

THE ENGLISH SPRINGER

" The chief requisite in ail kinds of spaniels is,
that they be good Jinders, and have noses so true

that they will never overrun a scent

They should be high-mettled, as regardless of
the severest weather as of the most punishing
cover, and ever ready to spring into the closest
thicket the moment a pointed finger gives the
command y

General Hutchinson.

THE transition from the toy varieties to a spaniel is somewhat
violent. The one is intended to please the eye, to gratify
the aesthetic sense, and charm by his manners in the house ; the
other is designed primarily, by serving the sportsman in the held,
to accomplish useful duties, but at the same time his docility of
disposition, sagacity of expression and beauty of coat make him
also a welcome companion when the day's labours are ended. In
estimating the worth of a gundog I should lay much stress upon
his fitness for associating with mankind, for there is no doubt that
if we win the confidence and friendship of our four-footed servitors
the pleasure in their possession is much increased, and we have

them under far better command when at work. Of all the foolish
things written the hackneyed couplet so much quoted has
precedence :

" A woman, a spaniel, and a walnut tree.
The more you beat them, the better they be."

The ladies are quite capable of looking after themselves, and need
no champion. I daresay a walnut tree may be all the better for a
good " splashing," as we used to say in the Midlands, but I am
certain the less a whip is used on a dog of any sort the more likely
are we to be successful in our efforts to exact prompt and ready
obedience to our commands. The man who uses physical correction
too freely is in want of a practical application of the monition
contained in the Book of Proverbs : "A rod for the back of fools."

Of the many handsome sub- varieties of spaniels with which
we are familiar to-day the English Springer, perhaps, enjoys the
least popularity, although his merits as a worker entitle him to a
high place in our regard. ' As a show dog he has never assumed
much prominence, but at held trials and on private shootings
he is constantly demonstrating his utility. No other spaniel has
been bred less for " points" or more consistently for work. Less
excitable than the volatile Cocker, his longer legs and sturdier
frame adapt him to purposes which the smaller is unable to perform.
On the other hand, unless well broken, he, by ranging too far afield.

may put up the game out of gunshot. It therefore follows that in
his early days he must be made absolutely steady. Whether he
becomes so or not is not so much attributable to the inherent
wickedness of the dog as to the lack of patience in his breaker.
One is almost inclined to say that the good breaker is born not
made. At any rate, supposing you have the leisure, this is a task
better undertaken by yourself than entrusted to a gamekeeper, who
may have neither the time nor disposition to act as a wise school-
master.

A Springer is large enough to retrieve both far and feather,
but whether or no he should be encouraged to do this depends
upon circumstances. General Hutchinson says: "When a regular
retriever can be constantly employed with spaniels, of course it will
be unnecessary to make any of them fetch game (certainly never
to lift anything which falls out of bounds), though all the team
should be taught to ' seek dead.' This is the plan pursued by the
Duke of Newcastle's keepers, and obviously it is the soundest and
easiest practice, for it must be always more or less difficult to make
a spaniel keep within his usual hunting limits, who is occasionally
encouraged to pursue wounded game, at his best pace, to a con-
siderable distance."

The word Springer is applied to all medium-legged spaniels,
as apart from the short-legged ones, that are neither Clumbers nor

Sussex. It is of good old English derivation, denoting the object
for which the dog was employed— to spring birds to the net or
gun. The form of the dog has not undergone any marked change
since a Dictionary of Sport, published shortly before Queen Victoria
came to the throne, spoke of him as differing but little from the
Setter, except in size, being nearly two-fifths less in height and
strength. He is of symmetrical formation, varying a good deal in
size from thirty pounds to sixty pounds, with unbounded energy.
He may be a self-coloured liver, black, or yellow, or pied or
mottled with white, tan, or both. Miss Earl's picture brings out
beautifully the correct shape of his body, and the handsome
intelligent-looking head. Older pictures suggest that a hundred
years ago or less the skull was broader between the ears, and the
head shorter, but the refining process has not been carried far
enough to jeopardise the brain power. In many breeds I have
noticed that a broad skull indicates self-will and stubbornness, and
therefore it seems to me that the slight change is all for the better.

The other variety of Springer indigenous to Wales is quite
distinct from our own. He is smaller in size, and in colour he is
red or orange and white, preference being given to the former.

" Shall I tell you what it is, ge?itlemen of Boston ? "

Walt WHiTr4AN.

BOSTON TERRIER

" yej^ries y unto 7' "

Oicneil by Miss Claudia Lasell

THE BOSTON TERRIER

" I am an American — and iv he never I look up
and see the stars and stripes overhead, that is
home to me.''

Oliver Wendell Holmes.

THE United States is a great country, full of many beautiful
and wonderful things, but strangely enough it has grown
few dogs of its own, the native varieties being singularly limited in
number. Although the Boston Terrier is also an exotic, being
composed of materials imported in the hrst instance from Great
Britain, we would not be so churlish as to rob our American cousins
of one of their most cherished possessions. He is named after the
" Hub of the Universe," and that must suffice. The Americans
annex all that is best of our own breeds. It was they who gave
^1,300 for a St. Bernard, nearly as much for some collies, and
over a thousand for several bulldogs, but we have never reciprocated
by introducing the gentleman from Boston. Perhaps, in the
interests of good feeling between the two nations, it is as well that
we have not done so, for the chances are that if we had we should
have altered his style, changed the standard of points, and made

him something altogether different. That is a Httle way we have,
a way that occasionally causes a proper resentment in other lands.

I will not venture upon a speculation as to the reason why we
have decreed the French Bulldoo; to be worthy of our esteem,
while the Boston Terrier has been neglected. The two have many
superficial points of resemblance ; indeed, it is almost necessary
for one to be an expert to detect the difference. Both are built
much upon the same lines, and the heads are not greatly unlike,
except that the ears of the American dog are cropped instead of
being allowed to retain their natural shape. This is not surprising
when we consider that the Boston Terrier was formed from probably
the same foundation stock— the lighting dog from Birmingham and
the Midlands, hned down with an admixture of Terrier blood.
The result is an active, game, " trappy " little fellow, ht for my
lady's carriage or as a friend of the working man. My introduction
to the Boston Terrier took place at the Villa d'Este, upon the
shores of the Lake of Como. Passing an idle hour or two in that
beautiful spot one afternoon my attention was suddenly arrested by
the appearance of a dog of strange appearance. A second look
told me his description, and his owner, a charming American, was
quite pleased to hnd an Englishman who knew a little about her
favourites. In the summer of 1 9 1 1 , I had a further opportunity
of renewing my acquaintance with the breed, a lady exhibiting
some specimens at the Ladies' Kennel Association show in the

Royal Botanical Gardens. With these exceptions, my knowledge
of the Boston Terrier is conhned to reading and hearsay, but from
what I can learn I imagine that there is much to commend him.
Were it not so, it is hardly probable that such a dog-loving race as
the Americans would make a furore about him. Over two hundred
and hfty have been benched at one show, and a good one is worth
anything from ^{"100 to ^400.

The Boston Terrier has blossomed into a dandy of high
breeding, with his even white markings usually on a clear brindle
body. Was that the intention of the men who produced him in
the hrst instance ? My impression is that the desire was to
manufacture a gladiator fit for the pit ; and a cross between a bulldog
and a terrier would be about as useful as anything for this horrible
purpose. Fate, however, had in store for him a kindlier destiny
than mauling his fellows and being mauled in turn.

" And some loquacious vessels were ; and some
Listen d perhaps, but never talked at all.''

Rubaiyat of Omar KhayyAm.

GRIFFONS BRUXELLOIS

" Park Place Presto "

" Park Place Pinkie "

" Champion Park Place Partisan "

" Espera7tce "

Oivned by Miss Hall

THE GRIFFON BRUXELLOIS

Vm a gay tra, la, la.
With my fal, la I, la, la.
And my bright —
And my light —
Tra, la, la.

Bret Harte.

IF you meet a dashing man about town, with a ferocious beard
and moustache, a very much abbreviated nose and an ape-Hke
face, you may be sure that he is a Griffon Bruxellois, or, as he is
more famiHarly termed, a Brussels Griffon. If his inches are few,
and his weight is not more than from hve to ten pounds, he has all
the militant carriage and gay debonnair of an accomplished
worldling. Cheek, impudence, pluck, confidence are all his, mixed
with, perhaps, a good deal of braggadocia. A modern High School
Miss might even say that he had swank, a word which once excited
the curiosity of Mr. Justice Darling when trying a case arising out
of an election. With all that innocence permitted to the judicial
bench, he enquired if it were a local term peculiar to Lowestoft.
I regret to say Counsel seemed to regard it as a vulgar word.

although I would point out with all diffidence that it is as old as
Burns —

Here farmers gash, in ridin graith

Gaed hoddin by their cotters ;
There, sivankies, young, in braw braid claith

Are springin o'er the gutters.

Of cheerful yesterdays and conhdent to-morrows, it may be said of
him, and the consequence is that if you once have a Griffon you
will always want to have one. Although among the toys he is not
of them, being a thorough sportsman all the way through. He
will do everything that is possible in this direction permitted of his
size. I am sure that he has often wished that he were bigger, so
that he could take his part with the terriers. The spirit to tackle
fox or badger is his if the physique has been denied him.

The name tells you whence he comes, and about seventeen
years have passed since he was brought over into this country.
Before assenting to the generally accepted version of his origin it
would be well to enquire more closely into the matter. It is said
that he has sprung from the Yorkshire and Irish Terriers mixed
with the English Toy Spaniels, and that the years to his credit as a
distinct variety are not many. Is this correct ? Mr. Howard
Spicer, whose interest in the breed has induced him to make
researches on the Continent, thinks otherwise. The picture galleries
will help us in our quest. In the painting by Jan Van Eyck, dated

14345 of Arnolfini and his wife we are fortunate enough to have a
very clear and lifeHke portrait of their pet dog in the foreground.
The painter evidently went to some pains over the animal, which
in many respects is singularly like the present-day GrifFon, the most
noticeable divergence being the longer face of Arnolhni's pet. He
has not the snub nose of our own dogs, but the photograph of
one of the older champions shows that this feature is of recent
development.

To cite a flirther instance, between the years 1554 and 1640,
says Mr. Spicer, Jacopo du Empoli is credited with the production
of a picture of a dwarf, in the employ of Henry III. of France,
which portrays amongst a collection of this monarch's pets, two
unmistakeable griffons. After this evidence it will be unwise to
jump too readily to the conclusion that the Brussels Griffon is a
modern breed fashioned from British materials. We know perfectly
well that toy dogs have been in vogue through all ages, and these
not only of the spaniel kind. No great exercise of the imagination
is needed to see among them the Griffons Bruxellois or their
progenitors.

Miss Earl in her picture has well caught the spirit of diablerie
manifest in these mannikins. Is it matter for surprise that lovers
of the eccentric should profess a devotion for them, that when, for
some reason or other, they fell out of favour with the great ladies

of the courts and salons, small shopkeepers and working men in
Belgium should take them up and pass them on to England, and that
our own countrymen succumbed to their quaint looks and ways?
We have taken the craze so badly here that better examples can be
seen at a leading show in England than can be found in the city
after which they are named. The standard says that a griffon
should be " intelligent, sprightly, of compact and cobby appearance,
attracting one's attention by the 6/ruasi-humRn expression of its face."
He is all that, and a good deal more beside. If you want one
with the correct points favoured by exhibitors, see that his head is
rounded and Rirnished with irregular hairs ; that the upper lip has
a moustache, while the chin is prominent or undershot, with a
beard beneath. Let the nose be as. short as possible, with a
pronounced stop beneath the eyes. Note that the body is short,
and that the docked tail has an erect carriage. Insist, too, upon
the coat being harsh to the touch, red as that of the Irish terrier.
The legs should be straight, and the feet rounded and knuckled up
in the manner of a cat's.

a.iSf f!'i.F---i-, ' Jff.*!-.'fjU8iSl??.

" But who is this ? What thing of sea or land f
Female of sex it seems.
That is bedecl^ed ornate and gay."

Milton — Samson Agonistes.

MINIATURE POODLE

" Whippe7idell Pirouette "

Oivned by Miss Bruul^er

THE MINIATURE POODLE

" My wildest wishes he juljils
Without a protest on his part;
My faintest show of friendship thrills
His faithful hearth

Ellen Thornycroft Fowler.

IN those days of Platonism and " sensibility," which formed
such a curious phase of the feminism of the Sixteenth
century, no woman was happy without a pet dog, probably a
poodle. Their love of animals was particular rather than general.
As M. de Maulde says in " The Women of the Renaissance,"
" Ladies only valued the boudoir pet, the little, affectionate,
obedient animal, their very own, which meekly took their kisses
and upon which they lavished without misgiving a portion of their
tenderness : a bird, for instance, or a pug. I say a pug, for there
was seldom more than one. What was the good of a troop of
shaggy animals, however graceful, like those which liU the canvases
of Veronese ? A lady much preferred her one little lap dog, which
she carried on her arm against her heart, took to bed with her, and
had painted in her own portrait." Probably the author is inexact

in referring to these pets as " pugs," their resemblance to a tiny
poodle being more marked. The chances are that the word
" P^^g " is used in the sense of a pet.

One would not care to say that four centuries later many
ladies are not wholly free from a charge of extravagance in their
relations with toy dogs, although this is a reproach that cannot be
directed against the owners of Poodles, who prefer to treat these
intelligent creatures with due regard to their dignity. If in size
the miniature Poodle approaches the toys, he still retains the
sagacity and sense of his larger brother, who is a sportsman, in
spite of the fantastic, not to say grotesque, guise under which he
is compelled to masquerade. The curious manner in which Poodles
are clipped is to a large extent responsible for the estimate in which
they are held by the general public, who are blind to their virtues.
In reality, it would be difficult to frnd a more faithful or a wiser
companion, or a safer guard than a Poodle. Examine his head and
and eye carefully, putting on one side the hair, and you will agree
that the expression is indicative of wisdom and friendship.

Sixty years ago or more Youatt wrote what remains true unto
this day : " These dogs have far more courage than the water spaniel,
all the sagacity of the Newfoundland, more general talent, if the
expression may be used, and more individual attachment than either
of them, and without the fawning of the one, or the submissiveness

of the other. The Poodle seems conscious of his worth, and there
is often a quiet dignity accompanying his demonstrations of friend-
ship." The frequency with which Poodles appear in troupes of
performing animals is convincing testimony to their teachableness,
an assertion which will be confirmed by anyone who has been on
terms of intimacy with one. A Poodle may be taught to do nearly
anything, his perspicacity being almost uncanny, yet we cannot say
of him that he is widely popular. It may be that the frinction of
clipping has its terrors, but, when this operation has once been
properly performed, I doubt if his toilet is as troublesome as that
of most long coated dogs. An exception must, however, be made
in the case of the corded variety, the long ropes of hair dragging
the ground and demanding skilled treatment. Such a coat has its
obvious disadvantages. It is unhygienic because of the dirt which
must inevitably accumulate, and from the feet that the cords at the
end are composed of dead hair, which in the natural course of events
should be shed. The heavy weight, too, of the cords naturally
impedes the action, which should be graceful and full of liberty.
The coat of the curly Poodle, which more often than not is now
merely fluffed out, presents no obstacles. So far as the shaving is
concerned, an inspection of an actual dog or photograph will reveal
that it is carried out on a more or less well ordered system. Feet
and legs are bare, except for bracelets which are left at the hocks
and above the pasterns. A small tuft of hair remains at the end
of the stern, the rest being denuded ; the face is also cleared with

the exception of a moustache on the upper lip ; and about a third
of the body is also stripped, two pompoms, however, being allowed
on each side of the back.

Until some fourteen years ago, the commonly accepted colours
were black or white, but when a red came on the scene as the
result of a union of two blacks, the colour question at once assumed
importance, and now we may have, in addition to the shades men-
tioned, blue, mouse grey, silver grey, cream or apricot, tan, smoke,
chocolate, brown, pale fawn, etc. During the same period the
miniature Poodle has received a great impetus. That is, officially, a
dog measuring not more than fifteen inches at the shoulder, although
as a matter of fact the aspirations of breeders is to get below this
maximum. Strange to say, the large dog of recent years has been
getting bigger, until we may have one weighing as much as sixty
pounds, measuring at least six and twenty inches. The weight of
of a miniature may come down to about fifteen pounds, which is
sufficient to prevent him being weedy. It is to be hoped that no
serious attempts will be made to reduce this to any material extent.

" Boo^s cannot always please, however good.
Minds are not always craving for their Food.'^

George Crabbe.

PEKINGESE PUPPY

'''' Lti Chu of Newtihatn "

Owned by Mrs. William Herbert

A PEKINGESE PUPPY

" The word '■friend' does not exactly depict
his affectionate worship. He loves us and
reveres us as though we had drawn him
out of nothifig. He is, before all, our
creature full of gratitude and more de-
voted than the apple of our eye. He is
our intimate and impassioned slave, whom
nothing discourages, whom nothing repels,
whose ardent trust and love fjothing can
impair."

Maeterlinck.

YOUNG life abounds with a charm that can never be repeated
as days and months broaden into years. Even the calf,
gambolling and frisking in the field, stupid and clumsy though it
may be, is not wholly devoid of the magic of immaturity, and
when we come to the puppy, the kitten, the cub of lion or tiger,
we see grace and beauty in every movement, and a winsomeness
that captures the fancy.

To experience the fullest pleasure in the ownership of a dog

it is necessary that he should come into our possession when young,
before his intelligence is formed, and innumerable other impressions
crowd his brain to the exclusion of those we wish to impart. To
watch the intelligence unfolding, to see the body developing, and
the character chrystallising into the shape we desire it to assume,
is a never ending source of joy. Day by day too, the little
creature comes to depend more and more upon us, to recognise us
as the chief god among the many strange beings that people this
earth. When he is hungry we feed him. Is he thirsty ? We
give him drink. All the thousand and one little services that we
render to him in the course of a week make him more and more
irrevocably our debtor, and when the time comes for the state of
pupilage to be shed we shall have a mature dog our devoted and
obedient servant, ready to die for us if need be. In no other wise
can we have quite the same understanding between master and
dependent.

If you have not read Maeterlinck's essay on the death of a
little dog you should do so at once. How well does he express
the intimacy between a puppy and his owner. " I saw my little
Pelleas sitting at the foot of my writing table, his tail carefully
folded under his paws, his head a little on one side the better to
question me, at once attentive and tranquil, as a saint should be in
the presence of God. He was happy with the happiness which we,
perhaps, shall never know, since it sprang from the smile and the

approval of a life incomparably higher than his own. He was
there, studying, drinking in all my looks, and he replied to them
gravely, as from equal to equal, to inform me, no doubt, that, at
least through the eyes, the almost immaterial organ that transformed
into affectionate intelligence the light which we enjoyed, he knew
that he was saying to me all that love should say."

There are, of course, drawbacks if we are lacking in patience

and firmness. A puppy may sometimes be so trying that we think

the very spirit of Flibbertigibbet has infused his nature, impelling

him to mischief. If you happen on one like this, take him aside

confidentially, reason with him, and point out to him that, however

much gratification he may get at present from his reprehensible

conduct, in reality

the unkind and the unruly.
And the sort who eat unduly,
They must never hope for glory —
Theirs is quite a different story.

Almost before you are aware of it his nature will have changed,
he will have become a reformed character. No longer will he tear
up your favourite books, as the reprobate in Miss Earl's picture
is doing ; the choicest plants in the garden will for ever after enjoy
immunity ; the children's toys will remain untouched ; and on dirty
days he will always wipe his feet on the mat before entering the
house. Should he continue obdurate after your kindly counsels it

may be obligatory to swish him, but let the punishment be given
with gentle hand, even as the birch is administered by the sorrowing
" Head " to the recalcitrant scholar. Remember though that youth
has much to learn, experience is incomplete. Therefore, be tolerant,
but let not your toleration be mixed with indulgence, unless you
wish to rear up a tyrant, who will dominate the household and
render your life a misery. Beyond certain well defined limitations
the dog should not be allowed to step. As a sympathetic person
you must treat him with kindliness, but never for a moment allow
him to forget that respect which is due to you as a superior being.
What is your opinion of the Prime Minister who fails to lead, of
the General who consults a private ? Each is unfitted for the
position to which he has been called. So, too, is the man who
abdicates his headship in favour of Fido. He has no right to own
a dog. Puppies, like children, are all the better when subjected
to reasonable discipline, and in using the word discipline I do not
mean an excessive application of the rod or incessant nagging.

What is the fate of the merry mite so cleverly portrayed by
Miss Earl ? Youth passes, middle age comes, let him play and eat
and sleep while the zest is on him, so that on the advent of
maturity with all its troubles he may seek consolation in the
memories of a happy puppyhood.

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