q HE PRACTICAL BOOK CHORGE G,’THOMAS, Jr. QA eet <9 malay AT) \ rata THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING FOR THE HOME GARDEN EDITION DE LUXE FIFTH EDITION WITH AN ADDITIONAL CHAPTER THE PRACTICAL BOOKS OF HOME LIFE ENRICHMENT EACH PROFUSELY ILLUS- TRATED, HANDSOMELY BOUND Octavo. Cloth. Ina slip case. THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING By GEORGE C. THOMAS, Jr. ENtarcep De Luxe Firra EpitTion ARDEN EDITION THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF EARLY AMERICAN ARTS AND CRAFTS By HAROLD DONALDSON EBERLEIN anp ABBOT McCLURE THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF ARCHITECTURE By C. MATLACK PRICE THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF ORIENTAL RUGS By DR. G. GRIFFIN LEWIS New Eprrion, REVISED AND ENLARGED THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF GARDEN ARCHITECTURE Br PHEBE WESCOTT HUMPHREYS THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF PERIOD FURNITURE By HAROLD DONALDSON EBERLEIN anp ABBOT McCLURE THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF INTERIOR DECORATION By EBERLEIN, McCLURE & HOLLOWAY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA Ed yy wa” ’ oy) BY GEORGE C. THOMAS, Jr. EDITION DE LUXE WITH AN ADDITIONAL CHAPTER ON THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS 99 PLATES IN COLOR, CHARTS, AND HALF-TONES X X are SU 7) = 3 oe a > LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL . GARDEN COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PUBLISHED NOVEMBER, 1914 SECOND EDITION, APRIL, 1915 THIRD EDITION, JANUARY, 1916 FOURTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER, 1917 FIFTH EDITION, MARCH, 1920 PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY AT THE WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS PHILADELPHIA, U.S. A. THIS BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED TO DR. ROBERT HUEY WHO GAVE ME MY FIRST INSPIRATION IN ROSE GROWING FOREWORD THE first three editions of this book have proved the original contention that there is need for a prac- tical book on roses for our American climate. Since the first edition of December, 1914, changes were made asneeded, and new editions embodying them published during April, 1915, and January, 1916. The tests during the past summer have necessitated a complete revisal of the lists of best varieties both in the dwarf and climbing sections, in addition to which, there were so many new points of improvement in cultivation that it was imperative to rewrite almost the entire book. In bringing out this edition thanks should be ten- dered to Messrs. Williams, Brown and Earle and to Hess Ives Corporation, both of Philadelphia, for the color work and half-tones, and also to A. N. Pierson, Incorporated, of Cromwell, Connecticut, for the use of a number of photographs. Acknowledgment is made to Henry A. Dreer, Incorporated, and the Andorra Nurseries, of Philadelphia, for their aid in securing and importing new varieties; also to George H. Peterson, of Fair Lawn, New Jersey, and Bobbink & Atkins, of Rutherford, New Jersey, both of whom have shown the greatest interest, and who have done f FOREWORD everything possible to give information on varieties tested by them. So many persons, both amateur and professional, have rendered great help by their courtesy and rec- ords that it would take too much space to mention all, but chief among these was Dr. Robert Huey, Philadelphia; Jesse A. Currey, Portland, Oregon; Herbert L. Wettern, England; Admiral Aaron Ward, Roslyn, Long Island; W. C. Egan, Highland Park, Illinois; J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg; and J. N. Richardson, Baltimore. Gri. re November, 1916 CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE IL, “Wren Teo eVGu TONY CIP IRE. do50nee5cnugoonccnuucde 15 Il. THe Best VARIETIES, WITH THEIR CHARACTERISTICS... 32 III. New InTRopucTions AND SPECIAL CLASSES............ 105 BVA CHIME DRS. Saved cere eptetcecs Tere ets Tiel oe. sha Se wmiale 118 Vie LOCATION: AND (PRBPARATION: (2... js eice oi sicte.e sive ote sss « 133 Wile ORDWRENG «2! s.4 atsyaics Bar nop Remorse ero ete ea ionc eee cesar a 146 VR AS VEST SANTDIN GG. c.-c.r fn, oncttete. oks olvere allo cai's cca voerevereve ei chorelsl os ers 66 ae 152 WAIL J erring op 00 0c Rina te Acre ne ARM he ALOR gate ORs itt nea aE 161 PENA OL PLVATIONS Soo tots cre a aaa rate ere eee Sine sr Geol 176 ILLUSTRATIONS COLOR PLATES PAGE PRISTON Gee DS EID Sissy cheiclaueieronerciaiele eral cote elie shore tice tale! or Frontispiece ARN RI ETAN Taree aol f Arey tea ais fe nucle qetehapeutalehne 25 UAV RSLON NORM VURSHM ELAR KINEISS as cima crciaeiele cio ac cleeicieiamicnere 27 NEON ECO GEN tener corer iene eRe ah ror Pon ee tata hoe var se ticnramaameniranteh 6 37 SPECIMENS OF Brest FoRTY-EIGHT ROSES INGADANIA UES DOUCHE Sa seta horace cree n arc staid lovene inane ceatohone: alte 41 (GRAN GH COLOMBE erect sete: aie otoeiiiorn Rais al ole taiealera stoiaecuae 42 OPED WAC Pe Ne erate ct eta ee cv eet dort rch auep cvaralvar alana ave 43 ACGUES HOR GH R it aaa ee lew re tan sions x(a eE nO Ca ce teen) sv ereuse 44 SOUVENIR DU PRESIDENT CARNOT................-0-.00000- 45 DEPART SIA Rowe Seinen ee raters rohan et aires elec Peel Satta teensy erate niclc 46 GRUSSEANITAA CHI Ne senile. een cisions Mice ree Pe ea oP iauenests ieee 47 AN ROTNIG Ss EGEVIOUR DN. 0s se halts cet easton oe ORR anD Shnatenan aie ai al 48 Winery Siottonas) Bo qomtsVg ole po sacodcsmasonenopoodubdoooo 49 FE RPAUID HANI GIG Sst tyres eather See ceve tect pai cra teeth wicca tab ators wameraminittece atu 50 (CROSSHERZOGMRINDRICH a ters ieee et eco ais okos Oaneie 51 NEA ANTE SEGONDIP WERBIDR saceicis srs) cus narsictee ls oie euetoio clo ciglonairer she 52 VIPAT AINE HS SUES ON a evAUN served etin cis roto isuetcuousienelstes ees Seca ae cuckenodaene Cle 53 EAD YO ATT CHa STANT Eat histatins cetera cake tne cowie Sea te rate 54 LCR Tz O11 ic] Bae OY LG 0 qe mt gs ce re 55 Mins GEOR GH GHAWIYIOR Ma aisctace soni n ame otha cee Caco austenite cucreieee 56 J TUSTEUATRIND ON Geter estes ante RL ee ae 8 eA ete ean ats Pe ou Conres GY DECROCHE MUR Metis esiccte a ce alieeeaeiee de cleo 58 FROBE Re El unvaw ect era ey tae ne Tey SY Nal oreo cin otcushone cox veh ara eonete 59 PATRI GAR IM eerie ay TA Asti aera dentovsy a /atatn a Ale otanatens cers 60 CuNERAT NAGAR TEURT sv iaiercigce Manioca sis omc disauicne seas 61 (COAT RIDP ODN SER, Ai uit BF UN Sa are al a tn Rr 62 GORUBS Ww AINMH om PIT Zetetae ysis inte eacretecerae neko rave eh ancl a etevdieetohe velvet 63 IDWCHESS OR) WitLDINGTON 15:0 1cj55 Acie oe lo ol citieucio 4 cuateienen te ooaners 64 JE DAT RTE 2 idl RODEO Hines 2 Bh ts ae Roe ge aa chem AND ee Re RU re ad 4 65 MapamMe Epovarp Herriot (THE Dairy Matt Ross)...... 66 INATATEn Ma ES OTEENTER Gey aeest Cha sei reicionn nner berate dove ter Nae tate ieee 67 SENATE URGINUASCURAUD etter ace atten valste onl eure SO ee ae eine 68 ILLUSTRATIONS LT EAR MANNE St OM, Bac are aloes hen hh adh ee a ee 69 MADAME UMELAanim SOUPERT: «20.02. /24scaderetoeee eee 70 LADY SPIRR TOR ere Neen re cat cok ok Neg Ryden Eee 71 VERS CAVE AVVPAIDINIIE oil Sey. de de. £0 cyan ae Reece 72 AU ARR SO RUSCH 2 ihrer 8 Stacie clea ee eee ee 110 GRORERINY HEE NETO Wee. oe clcae Eke coe te ee 111 EGR MO SAG Ret Aran co SS ea 115 CHRISTIN WIREGHD Se ont od is os bn Aa 119 CLIMBING KAIsERIN AUGUSTA VICTORIA..............-.+-+- 120 AVIATHUR BLERIOT: AND GARDENIA. ........:s«0sogeeeeeo. 124 IIBRIVACHR ES Ayer ete tes <2 cle ge iand ehce > ake Re Pe 130 Testing? BEeps'on, De Huny’s PLacw. |... 023s os 134 RUG OMEVOR DMR eo oseG ick od 5s Soc aan cle SOR 137 FORW DED EUTETNSE ere ie a iecothe ons Win ole cekeat TAREE She RI ee 154 First BLtooms on Two Hyprip Trea SEEDLINGS............ 193 Fo.ttowine Last PaGr oF VOLUME, IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER ALEXANDER HILL Gray ALIcE LEMON ANNIE BESANT BEAUTE INCONSTANTE Berry CARINE CoNSTANCE Dean Hoe DorotHy PacE ROBERTS Dorotuy RATCLIFFE DucHEss OF SUTHERLAND DucHEss OF WESTMINSTER Earut oF WARWICK ELLEN WILLMOTT EUGENE BoULLET (On same plate with Edward Mawley) EVELYN DAUNTESSY FARBEN KONIGIN GARTENDIRECTOR HARTRATH (On same plate with Countess of Derby) GEORGE DICKSON 12 ILLUSTRATIONS H. V. Macuin Lapy AsHTOWN Lapy BaRHAM Lapy DE BATHE Lapy HrLen VINCENT (On same plate with Lady Katherine Rose) Lapy HiILLInGpoN Lapy MarGaret BoscAwEN Lapy Moyra BEAUCLERC Maset Drew MapaMrE CHARLES LEJEUNE (On same plate with Mrs. Wallace H. Rowe) MapAME VERMOREL MapamME WaAGRAM, COMTESSE DE TURENNE Mou.te. Mariz Mascuraup Mary, CountsEss oF ILCHESTER Miss AuicE DE ROTHSCHILD Mrs. Artuur FE. E. CoxHEapD Mrs. CHARLES Custis HARRISON Mrs. Cuarues E. ALLAN Mrs. Husert TAYLor (On same plate with Countess Maggi Starzynska) Mrs. JAMES CRAIG Mrs. JoserpH H. WetcH Mrs. LEONARD PETRIE Mrs. RicHarD DraPER Mrs. WALTER HASLEA PRESIDENT WILLIAM Howarp TaFT PRINCE DE BULGARIE SOUVENIR DE GUSTAVE PRAT St. HELENA Waite KILLARNEY W. R. Smit ILLUSTRATIONS HALF-TONE PLATES Rose Currina Rreapy FOR PLANTING............2.-.-+202- 18 lahrasiaon) INWN LoN) IBCs UONMONGI, oo cobasdaduocudcoucuaceac 20 RADIANCE Viultinorayand) Ownehoots sei aclte sae cect 22 MapaME Srconp WEBER, Grown on Multiflora.............. 25 hay PRANcH Grownron Multiflora: 52. <. oc. } - wy ve ‘ THE PROPAGATION OF ROSES plants, and can even then be easily detected. To keep this percentage down, roses on Briar and Man- etti must be planted with the bud two to three inches below the surface of the soil, as hereafter advocated. If planted less deeply they will grow a greater number of suckers. Fewer suckers develop from Multiflora than from Briar or Manetti, and on this account George H. Peterson recommends planting the bud from one to one and a half inches below the finished level of the bed. One reason for the lack of suckers is that the Multiflora is budded from seedlings, while the Briar is usually budded from cuttings, in which case there are dormant eyes below the point where the bud is inserted; whereas in the seedlings, the bud is inserted below the dormant eyes. Very often cuttings have only greenhouse growth when shipped. At best they are generally propagated under glass and have not had much outdoor growth, whereas budded plants are budded in the summer out-of-doors, and have even as yearlings a whole season’s outside growth before being sold. In one particular instance the following experi- ment was made with own root stock. One bed was made, and over fifty roses on their own roots and fifty budded roses were planted in it side by side, all of old and established varieties, and, 21 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING in the case of the own root plants, purchased from a grower who advocates their use. At the end of the first summer the difference was plainly apparent and was strongly in favor of the budded plants. At the end of two years there was no possible doubt as to the result; the budded plants were far superior. Experiments with other roses have endorsed this result, and budded roses are recommended for all outdoor work for the majority of roses contained in the lists, whether Hybrid Teas, Hybrid Perpetuals, Teas, Chinas, or Pernetianas. The roses which do well on their own roots must be secured in two-year-old plants to obtain the best results, and should either be planted in the fall from dormant field grown stock, or planted in the spring from pots after the weather is settled, and for the best results procured from a nursery near at hand. Such plants will become established toward fall and usually give fair results at that time. In the case of climbers and some few very strong growers the own root roses will give good results, but as a working rule they cannot be recommended. In one garden budded roses, originally planted in the autumn of 1900 and moved to their present place in 1907, are still strong and healthy, and of the origi- nal lot less than two per cent. have died in over fif- teen years. 22 Era. 3 Multiflora Own Roots RADIANCE On Multiflora and own roots both plants of the same age. This illustrates that the strongest growers may be successfully cultivated on their own roots, but that better results will be obtained by budding ar any THE PROPAGATION OF ROSES In another case budded roses planted over thirty years ago are still flourishing, and this certainly shows that their length of life is all that can be expected. In the testing of new roses the great majority has been budded plants and the percentage of deaths has naturally been greater in these new varieties than in established kinds. In importing three hundred to a thousand roses of new varieties, twenty plants a year would cover all the deaths even of these new and untried kinds. In other branches of horticulture budding and grafting have been tried with the greatest success. It does seem that a tried stock is better than a differ- ent stock with each plant, viz., its own. Undoubtedly better stocks will be discovered for certain roses which do not do well on the regular stocks; but surely it is going backward to grow inferior roses on their own roots and be satisfied with them, rather than experiment to ascertain the best stocks. “The Nursery Book,” by L. H. Bailey, should be read by any one attempting budding. GRAFTING Grafting is a modification of budding, and is a process which may give as good a result in the end with some outdoor roses; but for the first year, after 23 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING planting outside, the bush does not make as much progress, and the death-rate has been much greater with grafted stock than with budded plants. Unfor- tunately grafts do not take very well on the Briar, therefore grafters use the Manetti which, as ex- plained above, is not the best stock for Teas and Hybrid Teas. Grafting is mostly used to increase new varieties which, if budded, would necessarily have to be operated upon in the late summer, the bud not devel- oping until the following spring; whereas, in graft- ing, a part of the plant desired to be propagated is grafted upon the stock indoors and growth at once begins; this is a very much quicker operation, but not so sure of success as budding for outdoor roses. Grafting requires great skill and is used to obtain quick results. Seedlings to be tested are often grafted and a verdict quickly arrived at. There are numerous methods employed in grafting, but the principle is the same in all; the variety required is spliced on the stock and, as in budding, the strength of the stock all goes into the variety desired. The books mentioned for cuttings and budding give the best articles on grafting, in addition to which ‘‘Parsons on the Rose” contains good, clear and explicit information on all these subjects. 24 KILLARNEY BRILLIANT Hysrip Tra n and Sons, 1914. (Description p: (This rose has been a disappointment) in oe, a, oe if ’ J _ Mit erie v4 RY gia eat ot Mal oe, Prete ~ ES ECR ALE Fie. 5 MADAME SEGOND WEBER The long stiff stems illustrate how useful this variety is for cut flowers Fia. 6 LA FRANCE Showing how valuable this rose may be with proper care. Note the number of blooms, bushy and stalwart growth. This plant is budded on Multiflora ren hi - | on hay a THE PROPAGATION OF ROSES NEW VARIETIES New varieties of roses are developed in two ways: by sports and seedlings. SPORTS Sports are purely a matter of chance, and occur when any given variety shows a bloom or habit of growth different from the accepted plant. When this occurs propagation of the wood by cuttings, budding or grafting establishes the new variety. As illustrations of sports, the two following are well known and are changes from the parent stock in the color of the bloom itself: La France, color silver rose, sported with Paul & Sons, near London, in 1888, and gave the Duchess of Albany, called dark La France, a rich, deep pink. This was propagated and Duchess of Albany is now a well-established variety. Camoens, pale rose color with the base of the petals yellow, sported with Boytard, in 1907, and the new rose was called Ecarlate, a brilliant scarlet. With these two new varieties the habit of growth of the plants remained practically the same as their parents; it was only in the color of the rose that the change manifested itself. In the past few years the old rose, Killarney, has sported a number of times, giving among others Killarney Brilliant, a rose of a deeper shade of pink; 25 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING White Killarney, a rose, as the name implies, of a beautiful white; and Double Killarney, a rose of greater substance in petallage than the stock from which it sprang. . Before so many hybrids were cultivated, and when roses were not grown to as great an extent as now, sports were naturally less frequent. Of course varie- ties which are crosses, such as the hybrids of today, are very much more likely to give different growth or different bloom than the old varieties, which were not so far removed from the original species. Changes in habit of growth occur as well as changes in bloom, and a great many of the Hybrid Teas and some Polyanthas have produced sports which have much more of a climbing habit than the dwarf bush from which such new varieties originated. The bloom in form and color is practically identical with the parent stock, although its period of flowering is usually shorter and its bloom less profuse. There is one very interesting illustration of a rose which sported, the new growth of which when prop- agated reverted to the original form of its parent stock. Heinrich Schultheis, a Hybrid Perpetual rose of deep, rosy pink, sported with Paul & Sons, of London, and produced Paul’s Early Blush, a light silvery pink. Again it sported with Alex. Dickson & Sons, in Ireland, and produced another siivery 26 REVERSION OF MRS. HARKNESS Note deep rose-colored blooms of Heinrich Schultheis on right and Silver Pink of Mrs. Harkness on left. Prior to 1913 this plant gave nothing but the silver pink blooms of Mrs. Harkness Fic. 7 SEEDLINGS SHOWING VARIED GROWTHS On the left-hand side seedling of a Hybrid Tea. On the right-hand side seedling of a Wichuraiana. Both these plants are of the same age and have received identical care. Note different habit of growth even at this early stage in the life of the plants 5 ND | Moho gb MO. exe, ie ab a. eas hr THE PROPAGATION OF ROSES pink, known as Mrs. Harkness. Both of these new roses were perpetuated and became quite popular before the Hybrid Teas came into general notice. In the year 1913 Dr. Robert Huey, of Philadelphia, still had plants of Paul’s Early Blush and Mrs. Harkness. It was remarkable that specimens of both these plants partially reverted to the old form of Heinrich Schultheis, throwing up shoots with rose colored blooms. While sports are of rare occurrence, nevertheless it would well repay all rose lovers to watch for such breaks, as valuable novelties may thereby be secured which otherwise would be lost. SEEDLINGS Seedlings, as the name signifies, come from seeds hybridized either by chance or by man’s handiwork. Nearly all the older rose growers gathered their heps containing the seeds in the autumn of each year and planted great numbers of these in nursery rows, hop- ing to secure new varieties; in this manner a great many of the Hybrid Perpetuals were discovered and introduced. However, of late years the commercial rose growers of Europe have hybridized different varieties of roses, and by careful selection and breed- ing for several generations are securing their new introductions. 27 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING In Europe this work is maintained on a very large scale. Thousands upon thousands of seedlings are raised each year, and only a very small percentage are of any practical use. In this country only a few men have achieved any great success in introducing new varieties—John Cook, of Baltimore, Maryland; K. G. Hill, of Richmond, Indiana; M. H. Walsh, of Woods Hole, Massachusetts; Dr. Van Fleet, of Wash- ington; W. A. Manda, of New Jersey; and the late Jackson Dawson, of the Arnold Arboretum. In the American Rose Annual only twelve men are men- tioned as having introduced new varieties in this country. Cook introduced My Maryland and Radi- ance, and lately he has brought out Panama; and Hill has given us quite a number of good roses, the best perhaps for outdoor culture being General Mac- Arthur, which is one of the finest all-round outdoor red roses grown in America today. Walsh, Manda and Van Fleet have been particularly successful in developing new climbers—Walsh’s most notable being Excelsa, Hiawatha, Sweetheart and Evan- geline, all excellent additions and ranking with the best of this class. Father George Schoener, of Portland, Oregon, is doing some very fine work, not only in new varieties of roses, but also in new stocks for budding. In addition, he is making crosses between different mem- 28 THE PROPAGATION OF ROSES bers of the Rosaceew order. His seedlings won a silver medal at Portland in the fall of 1915. It is hoped that ere long some of his novelties will be on the market. Following will be found a tabulated record of the breeding of the main varieties in which the Hybrid Perpetuals and Teas figure. It has not been arranged at all in conformity with the usual botanical analy- ses of species and sub-species, but the information given has been taken from such books as Pemberton’s and placed together so that the history of the breed- ing of the different varieties may be seen at a glance. There are several authorities who have noted that the exact breeding of the Hybrid Perpetuals is to some extent problematical. The roses named as the Hybrid Perpetuals’ immediate ancestors are gener- ally accepted as such, but some few other varieties were used in the gradual evolution of this class from the first Hybrid Perpetual until the list was com- pleted. At the present time there are fewer Hybrid Perpetuals bred, as the Hybrid Teas have almost entirely superseded them. The work of hybridization is a most interesting one, but unless carried out on a scientific scale it is almost entirely a matter of chance whether or not anything of value may be secured. No doubt any one cultivating roses to a large extent would greatly 29 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Persian Yellow -Luteae Briar By some Damask / Damask considered x Perpetual, first of Porat 4 1812 H ybr La Hypa e lana). saison t : Pernet-Ducher, a oa ae me 1900 x Chance fertiliza- pen soEpoedy P etween ina /\ Hybrid Perpetual.. Bourbon Perpetual Ra TRAE / Laffay, 1830. Ss 1817- Held sway till isoe0t 1890 x Provence Brought to rete Hates Hybrid Tea....; HeubridiGhinae “rance about Guillot, 1867 brid China. 1600 x China /Tea—Indica Odorata Introduced from China, 1810-1824. First improved in France where the climbing teas were bred Later Notsettes... China Common Blush Noisette......... x Fniliere Noisette, ) Musk Rose an merican (Rosa Moschata) grower, 1817 30 Fra. 8 ELLI HARTMANN Considering the form and substance of this rose, the growth is remarkably strong. Picture taken in October after several frosts, hence the balling of bloom near the center of plant; usually the form of this rose is very good. Specimen is a two-year-old plant JACQUES PORCHER Note the fine, strong, bushy growth, and the wonderful way in which the plant h its foliage. This specimen planted in the spring of 1915—picture taken October, 1916 i of 7 * 7 ae vy s mr brine? if THE PROPAGATION OF ROSES enjoy trying to introduce a new variety of his own breeding. Ordinarily to hybridize roses properly one must have a greenhouse and it is astonishing what results may be obtained in a very small one. In exceptionally dry climates the work may be carried on successfully out-of-doors. Books on this subject which are interesting and practical are: “The American Rose Annual.” ‘‘Plant Breeding,” L. H. Bailey. ‘Plant Breeding, Experiments of Nillson and Bur- bank,’ De Vries. “Plant Life and Evolution,”” Campbell. ‘‘New Creations in Plant Life,’’ Harwood. ‘‘Fundamentals of Plant Breeding,’ Coulter. In Chapter X will be found a few hints on hybridi- zation. II THE BEST VARIETIES WITH THEIR CHARACTERISTICS THE rose has been the Queen of Beauty among flowers as far back as records go. Down the ages she has held her position unchallenged. India, Persia, China, Japan, Greece, Italy, and the rest of Europe all pay her homage in verse and story. The rose is a native of all these countries, and those of the twentieth century are the gradual evolution from the original types to our almost perfect flower. At first this evolution was slow and greatly due to chance. Hybridization was neither understood nor practised. New roses came from seed, or from some new variety thrown out by an old stock and noticed and propa- gated. Nature’s friend, the bee, did most of the crossing of varieties, but such progress did not suit rose growers, and from the gambling methods of chance seeds systematic hybridization became the order of the day. At once the rose list increased by leaps and bounds, for the field was of extreme fascination and boundless possibilities. Without going into the history of all the various 32 yt ‘h APTS SWE Hen AM, os 2 COMTE G. DE ROCHEMUR = ROBERT HUEY This plant has not been disbudded and shows by the number This plant has been pruned high as advocated, yet the growth of buds how good this variety is for garden decoration, in some is mostly strong and upright cases the stems being strong enough for cut flowers BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS steps, it is sufficient to say that about 1825 the Hybrid Perpetual began to take first place in the rose world. Perfectly hardy, of fine growth, having a longer period of bloom than its predecessors of equal growth and beauty, it became more and more popular, and held its sway until about 1890. Its dis- advantage was its short period of bloom compared with Teas and Chinas which, while very much smaller in growth, were more constant bloomers and, as a general rule, superior to the Hybrid Perpetuals in foliage. Tea roses had existed in England and France from early in the nineteenth century, and yet after the cross of the Damask and Hybrid China, which gave the rose world the first Hybrid Perpetual, it was not until 1867 that the first cross of merit between the Teas and the Hybrid Perpetuals made its appearance. At once the rose world obtained what it had so long desired, combining in a seedling the best of both parents, a rose as hardy, or nearly as hardy, as the Hybrid Perpetuals—a rose that bloomed practi- cally as often as the Tea and that had fine foliage and perfume. This rose, the first of the great army of Hybrid Teas which was to follow, was La France, introduced by Guillot Fils, its parents being Madame Victor Verdier and Madame Bravy. Madame Victor Verdier was a Hybrid Perpetual, introduced by E. 33 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Verdier in 1863, and Madame Bravy was a Tea raised by Guillot, of Pont Cherin, in 1848. The next Hybrid Tea that appeared and stood the test of time was Reine Marie Henriette, raised by Levet, in 1878, from Madame Berard (of Gloire de Dijon) and General Jacqueminot; the first of Tea blood, and the second a Hybrid Perpetual. This rose is listed in English catalogues of today in the climbing section as a Hybrid Tea, although still con- sidered by some as a Tea, and so listed in the Dutch Rozennaamlijist of 1909. After the introduction of these two roses, the work went on still further and cross breedings of hybrids obtained by hybridization soon began to swell the list of new roses. Roses so obtained are known as pedigree roses and very seldom is their breeding given, although it seems an open secret that three generations are often re- quired before a new rose of merit is secured. The breeders and introducers of new roses have guarded their breeding secrets with the greatest care in the past, and little or no information as to their special methods is obtainable. This secrecy has seemed em- inently proper, but for the future improvement of the rose, the pedigrees of all new roses should be given to the world so that other breeders may try like com- binations. The professional breeders would still be 34 BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS able to make their profit from their new roses, and the rose world would be greatly benefited by this knowledge. While it is impossible, therefore, to give the breed- ing of the various pedigree roses, nevertheless a few examples of roses discovered by hybridization and cross breeding of one generation may be of interest. In looking over the obtainable data it is at once noted that certain roses stand out as having been the most successful parents, and of these Madame Caroline Testout ranks among the first; bred with Souv. de M. Verdier, Aimée Cochet was obtained; with Merveille de Lyon, Frau Karl Druschki was obtained; with Fisher Holmes, George Laing Paul was obtained; with Viscountess Folkstone, K6nigin Carola ‘was obtained; with Bridesmaid, La Detroit was obtained; with Ferdinand Jamin, Madame Edmée Metz was obtained. In addition to this Caroline Testout has produced quite a number of sports, most noted of which are Admiral Dewey and Mrs. Longworth. Another rose which stands out prominently is Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, a pedigree rose introduced in 1882, and one of the parents of Caroline Testout. In 1894 this rose with Dr. Grill produced Antoine Rivoire, a rose that is holding its own among the 35 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING newer Hybrid Teas of today, and is still by far the best rose of its shade in this country. Crossed with La France, in 1894, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam gave Mrs. W. J. Grant (syn. Belle Siebrecht), a rose still popular; Kaiserin Augusta Victoria resulted when she was crossed with Coquette de Lyon. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria is unique in color and must be included in any large collection. Ellwanger’s chapter on ‘‘Seed Parents of Leading Roses,” in his book, ‘‘The Rose,” gives some very interesting data on this subject. About 1890, owing to its longer period of bloom, the Hybrid Tea had pushed the Hybrid Perpetual out of first place in popularity, and from that time on has held sway as the premier class. While at first much was to be desired in some of the Hybrid Teas, gradually they have become improved, until today there is no question about their being the best for the outdoor garden; yet, in so deciding on them as the most useful class, many must be discarded as worthless in the climate of the Middle Atlantic States. The best of the Teas, and some others, must be included in a list which purports to include the best outdoor roses. In addition to the hardy growth and long period of bloom common to the best of the Hybrid Teas, many of them have the long double bud on the stiff 36 JONKHEER J. L. MOCK, GROWN ON MULTIFLORA Picture taken in early spring. This plant is two years old and gives 31 blooms on Multiflora against 16 blooms on older plants on Briar. Note the bushiness, the characteristic usually lacking in this rose on Briar Fig. 13 CHATEAU DE CLOS VOUGEOT Picture taken in the fall, showing the loss of foliage, also the peculiar growth of this variety LYON ROSE (Descrip 87) BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS erect stem so much desired in roses, and the best varieties open slowly and keep well after being cut. During the past two years a new class has come into existence—Pernetianas, introduced by the great French hybridist, Pernet-Ducher. The first were crosses between Lutea and the Hybrid Perpetuals, and have been classed as Hybrid Teas and Hybrid Austrian Briars in many catalogues. While possess- ing many such characteristics, they are, nevertheless, often distinct as to foliage, and on account of their breeding should be classed separately. Many have the fault of losing their foliage early, Lyon Rose being a great offender in this respect. The new intro- ductions vary greatly in value, but the best, Madame Edouard Herriot, is indispensable; and from the im- provement shown it is evident that this new class will have great bearing on the future of the outdoor rose. Already traces of the new cross may be noticed in many of this year’s introductions, especially in the foliage and color. Many seedlings with Perne- tiana blood are so distinct that they may be readily picked out from other seedlings. The foliage is beau- tiful and distinct while it lasts, and undoubtedly a cross will soon be made which will show even greater improvement than Madame Edouard Herriot over Lyon—the latter rose is already nearly obsolete. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find roses well 37 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING suited to our climate. The winters are more severe and the summers hotter than the conditions to which imported roses and their forbears have been accus- tomed, so that many of the roses which flourish in Europe are worthless with us. The main classes are grown in two ways, as dwarfs and as standards. Standards differ from dwarfs or bushes (ordinary form) in that they are generally budded on strong Briar and other stocks from two and one-half to four feet from the ground. They are most attractive and some are more easily reached than the dwarfs, as the blooms grow about the level of the eye, while all of them are adapted to formal gardens and landscape work. However, they can- not be recommended unless absolute winter protec- tion is given, and this is best accomplished by placing boards around the plant, encasing it from the ground to above the bud and filling in with earth. In the case of some of the climbers, which are used as standards, an attractive effect is produced by allowing the trailing shoots of such plants to grow downwards, more or less like the weeping wil- low tree, and these are called weeping standards, otherwise they are the same as the regular standard. In the case of some of the Teas, which are grown very close to the ground in this way, they can be more thoroughly protected in cold winters than they 38 BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS could be if grown as the usual standard. It is believed that Teas are especially prolific when grown in this manner. One well-known writer states that he has seen such a Tea with seventy-five blooms on it at one time. Standards usually require more room than dwarfs and this is another reason why they are not planted so extensively. If used, the varieties contained in the main list are strongly reeommended. Dwarfs are budded close to the root of the stock and the bud is planted below the ground level, hence they are hardier and much more easily handled in winter than standards. In experiments with standards they have been found to be most uncertain; some- times they last for several years and again fully fifty per cent. die. An average of ten per cent. would be a conservative estimate for winter loss, unless most thorough winter protection is given. Every year the commercial rose growers in England and the Continent bring out their new varieties; before a satisfactory verdict can be reached as to their adaptability to this country they must be tried for at least two years. In many cases new varieties are shipped as such small grafted plants that for the first year it is almost impossible to test them prop- erly, and a year later larger plants must be procured. Very probably these small plants would do well 39 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING abroad, but here they run the risk of being passed upon as worthless when many may be first-class varieties. Owing to the difference in our climate, even the color of imported roses may vary somewhat from the European catalogued description. The average rose is generally somewhat lighter in color, owing to our extreme heat in summer. Killarney is an excep- tion which proves this rule. This rose is catalogued in the European lists as ‘‘Flesh-shaded white, suf- fused pale pink’’; in this country it is a solid light pink, the shade depending on the sunlight, being deeper in bright, hot weather. In the early spring and in the autumn the color of most roses is darker than in the summer, some varieties that usually have a slight yellow tint becoming almost pink under frosty nights and warm days. Mainly for the first reason given it is a lottery for the average rose grower to order new varieties; the greater part will prove utter disappointments, a waste of money, space, time and care, and the catalogued description must be more than discounted. This book should guide the American purchaser to order those roses which will give him the best results. To secure a perfect list of such roses, every variety found in the best catalogues has been care- fully tested, and in the lists at the end of this chapter 40 Fia. 15 MADAME JULES BOUCHE ‘ OPHELIA Picture taken in the fall; note the strong, erect and bushy Growth not of the best, but giving long stems for cut flower growth and great amount of foliage even at the base of the purposes plant ; an 5 me Os an 7 mh rt MADAME JULES BOUCHE (Norsr.—Illustration considerably less than actual size) BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS there have been included all which have come up to a certain standard. Those excluded have not proved successful after a test in which all had the same chance. During the fall of 1914, when the list of the six- teen best all-round varieties was selected, the roses included were by all odds the best sixteen varieties for general cultivation. Since that time, however, the situation has greatly changed owing to the num- ber of new roses introduced. Not only have many Hybrid Teas been brought out, but the new race of Pernetianas has further complicated the problem. In these two years during which all these domestic and foreign roses have been put on the market it has been very difficult to make comprehensive tests as to the value of each new introduction; nevertheless every new rose has been or is on trial, and informa- tion from other sections of the country carefully con- sidered. Furthermore, it was most important to try as many roses as possible on different stocks, and to this end careful experiments were made to learn the best stock for each variety. In many cases the Mul- tiflora has greatly improved certain roses; in many others there is little difference between Briar and Multiflora, while in a few instances the Briar is the best. Another valuable phase of the work has been the cultivating of weak growers and poor bloomers 41 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING in special beds; and here again no absolute rule was discovered, but it was proved that by the use of such beds remarkable results could be obtained in certain cases. Where of value, special stocks and beds are recommended hereafter. There has been a great deal of kindly criticism and ‘comment regarding the old sixteen, much of which is strictly to the point, and many of the suggestions received have been very valuable. It is therefore better to give a list of the forty-eight roses which have stood out as the best instead of making an arbitrary list of sixteen roses. In following out this scheme, twelve roses have been selected in the lighter shades, twelve in the pink, twelve in the red, and twelve in the yellow, the latter including the orange and copper colorings. It will be appreciated that the roses given under each main color will, to some extent, overlap from one section to the other; the darkest color under the lighter section will approach the lightest color under the darker section. By plac- ing twelve roses in each list there will be little doubt that the best are included, and from the careful descriptions given the reader will be able to secure the roses most suited to his needs. It will be noted that the original first sixteen have been displaced in some cases by other roses. This is not because they have not lived up to their reputa- 42 GRANGE COLOMBE “eo sil i b : Z 4 ine Fr oz “ a = . Pi =i" a rm i gd dle, mie uo ‘ i ‘ & hal ?*. 4 i I rth 7 aad oe : ‘ b wr ish Ss = ——. P , eyttnte Pe aie 7 f we a Ce er? ;* ray a i fll ‘ ’ A i "kd Py . ) ‘ ‘rs a P ” { P fas EF Dard ) ie pid Coy Lp. A 1 aoe a ye ee Ao) ald é a r oe # é , ‘ ee mee it? ay 7, i L Py a ‘S ; 4 y 7 , of ] Ps me i? 4 f i st 1 5, i | Tee ule mae A _ x y ? by k P ees lee, = wed ¥ A arta! Cue) y F ‘ oem cy Bree es | e = “ae! > 1 : 4 ; : al ie A , Ma f ‘ fe ‘a 4 f rs ‘ ‘ \~ ver : A ‘ ae 7 : " re = ” Ne { We 4 ; a i a ; ; y j {3 ‘ in . ; i ; : ' rT, ‘ ' >< ft = i ‘ ) — , i : : " ~ § y ° 7 ; « @ 4 . : - p | ‘ A : ine gr i ] y . + - ‘ a ‘ f ' : i es S ‘ ' i } " / ' Ai 4 4 * , - ’ d y ® fe, \ 4 wea A : k \e ih , “i nih ‘ ? : * een | haa { =< ‘ ’ e)% r 7 ° as) ide y ran \ we ; ‘ : AY ny ae : ; : i : '‘ + aun wal t i ; ve i * t 7 ; eis | 4 r* ; i ‘ i : - ., 4 al c ¢ L fi " Di t | a sil i et . “ye pee ' ; Aa4 : * my bs + var 7 ‘. ie Le f Ls : , ‘ ( , + f wn 7 | ae 2s © ’ s Q ‘ ‘ * ‘ . ¥ a . . q Ak f te & ee! é <0 wel n in 4 - : } is Ss 5 ‘ a 4 ; . ‘ ¥ » 7 ; 4 4 io iw) he ; ‘ ‘ : i ? A, 4 cs , y ne ’ | i . ‘ ‘) es wh. ’ y j ; 4 ; ’ if hy Wa oe é ' - “5 2 : . 4 OPHELIA BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS tion, as they have continued to do as well as they did formerly, but newer roses brought out and tested during the past few years have been improvements over them. No Hybrid Perpetuals are included in the list of the forty-eight best garden roses because the Hybrid Teas, where they may be grown, are far superior. As an illustration of this, Frau Karl Druschki, tested near Philadelphia by Dr. Huey with two exception- ally fine plants, gave an average of thirty-eight blooms during 1916, and the blooming season was over in July. In very damp seasons Druschki will give scattering blooms in the early fall. Madame Jules Bouche gives more blooms than Druschki throughout the season, with better perfume, and is therefore considered of more value than Druschki except in the North. LIGHT COLORED SECTION There are many light-colored roses, and it is so difficult to know where they verge into the lighter pinks or lighter yellows that no arbitrary line can be drawn. The roses selected are placed in the order of personal preference. The most beautiful of this class for cut flowers are Madame Jules Bouche, Ophelia, Souvenir du Presi- dent Carnot, Antoine Rivoire and Mrs. Harold Brocklebank, although other roses are of fair enough 43 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING form to do quite well in this respect. For garden decoration Madame Jules Bouche, Jacques Porcher and La Tosca, on account of their growth and num- ber of blooms, excel. The perfume in light-colored roses is not as distinct as in the pinks and reds, the best being Ophelia. Mapame JuLEs Boucue; Hybrid Tea; Croibier & Fils, 1911. White— center shaded primrose or lightest blush—varies. Novelty....... In color, growth and blooming qualities. Colona renee Clear and very attractive. Fragrance..... Mild. astinioe eee Color good; fragrance brief; form almost perfect. Shapesesn aco Good in bud and open flower. Substance..... Fair. Petallage...... Perfect. SIZCm ee eer Medium, but varies. Blooming..... May and June 11; July 22; August 7; Sept. 16; October and late 15; total 71. Hardiness..... Strong; canes living 8 to 12 inches above ground level in the spring. Holiacensaeeeer. Occasionally susceptible to mildew; seldom affected by spot. Growullaeea so: Exceptionally fine; tall and plenty of canes. HEMI men Long, and fairly upright. Plantier eee 24 inches. Pruner. 6 eyes. SINOLErAiia sjsu: Personal preference for best light-colored rose. Granae CoiomsBeE; Hybrid Tea,; Guillot, 1912. Cream white with salmon yellow and fawn center. Novelty.......In color and blooming. Colores Clear and most attractive. Fragrance..... Mild. Lasting 3.35 fe Color good; fragrance brief; form good. Shape Weta Bud almost perfect; open flower somewhat loose. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage...... Deficient. SIZE Ree kleeie Well above medium. Blooming...... May and June 9; July 15; August 9; September 14; October and late 8; total 55. Hardiness..... Strong; canes living 8 to 10 inches above ground level in spring. Poltage:...).). 642 Slightly susceptible to mildew and spot. Growthens ee: Sturdy and erect, with good number of canes. 44 JACQUES PORCHER ; ‘ y “> aly ; j ‘ ‘ ' é . ' 7 yt = i} af « v “ “a0t et > ‘ j 4 1 P= j ‘i ow ae J 4 iL , ° = ¥ : fy « ne aa arn | Fi SOUV. du PRESIDENT CARNOT Cree renee ep ee ati A ns ee Mey ; j ; ee F | Pe. gilt stern ee { a MAI ; ; i th ‘ : ; TAN toe ; > ‘ Mie 7 : i ; . j . » ' a bes Bd i 7*~ ° ‘¢ 7 ol < a '* 7 ¥ i : ‘ ' > 7 U ; s , : "i eat m ' , j ‘ rd 4 ‘ vat i . 4 ) le + i yA a : } } “= 4 4 , = id q * ’ ’ Ll s D j } , ‘4 1 A * ao ] ~ J 7 ‘ ‘ . . , bP.) ‘ nG i A} e ( \ ' ‘ J i pe ‘ ) \ — aa ¢ ~ 4 j ary ee ee — = - —" — <1 in . .* . ‘ ‘ oh! hd ua) i ee a ae. | | el as . , Ma dG - : , Shas m4 ee id Pe bet oak | hy tee (Ti i, iii BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS SUIT Strong, but not exceptionally long. leriitiesig on aba 22 inches. IPTUNEey.cresie 5 5 eyes. INOtE haces 6s Of distinct color and does best as an all-round rose. Needs a heavy soil. Has done well in the Pacific Northwest with Mr. Currey. OpHetia; Hybrid Tea; Wm. Paul, 1912. Salmon flesh, center shaded hght yellow at base of petals. Novelty.......In color, shape and lasting. Colors 4a. ont. Distinct, clear and beautiful. Fragrance..... Fair, very delicate. Tasting... 2... Color good; fragrance fair, form very good. DHADC sec. .< Very good in bud and open flower. Substance..... Fair. Petallage..... .Perfect. SIZ ee iedent Medium, not affected by heat to any extent. Blooming..... May and June 9; July 12; August 9; September 5; October and late 10; total 45. Hardiness..... No deaths; canes living 6 to 8 inches above ground level in spring. Foliage....... .Somewhat susceptible to mildew and spot. Growblhinees ss Fairly good. Stenmiyy enue: Long, usually of good strength. bsaritiee a7 eyete-. 20 inches. IBTUNC 2525 65.5 5 eyes. IN OGG 650% 30's « Ophelia is an improved Prince de Bulgarie, which accounts for the omission of the latter in the list. Ophelia is strongly recommended on account of its beauty of color, although not as profuse a bloomer as the first two mentioned. It does better on the Multiflora than on the Briar. Jacques PorcuEr; Hybrid Tea; Guillot, 1914. Passing from white shaded carmine on saffron center, to clear yellow with a darker center. Novelty....... In color, foliage, blooming qualities and growth. Color so. 55s Very attractive. Fragrance..... Mild. ihasting.. ...,..... Color good; fragrance brief; form good. Shape... 2.2). Fair in bud and open flower. Substance..... Fair. Petallage...... Fair—varies. SIZE Ra ans enon Medium to small. Blooming...... May and June 16; July 17; August 4; September 14; October and late 18; total 69. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 to 12 inches above ground level in spring. Poliage.... 65s Almost perfect. 45 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Growth.....3).=. Very large. Stem 6 sc) sare Fair in length and strength. Plantier 24 inches. Prune sen sews ae 7 eyes. INOte see San aac Especially recommended as an all-round rose. This variety may be hard to secure in quantity for some time. Souvenir Du PresipENT Carnot; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1895. Flesh shaded white. With us, flesh to light shell pink center. Novelty....... In color and shape. Color pesca Most distinct. Fragrance..... Mild. Lasting....... Color good; fragrance brief; form good. SHapeion estes Very good in bud and open flower. Substance..... Good. Petallage...... Perfect. SIZ@ era sctevetre ss Well above medium. Blooming..... May and June 9; July 10; August 4; September 6; October and late 5; total 34. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 inches above ground level in the spring. Foliage....... .Very good; only slightly susceptible to mildew and spot. Growthie ioe. Not of the best; tall but not uniform. Stem eerie. Fairly long, but quite weak. Blanteee see 20 inches. pruners coer: 5 eyes. INOte ms eeuiaee. One of the best light colored roses when grown on the Multiflora; not as good on the Briar unless grown in a special bed. PuarisaER; Hybrid Tea; W. Hinner, 1903. Rosy white, shaded salmon. Noveltiys.asne0 In color. Colorssere ais Clear and attractive. Fragrance..... Mild. Lasting ..).1.5.. Color good; fragrance brief; form good. Shapele vsess Attractive im bud and holding high pointed center when open. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage:....- Perfect. SIZE directs wiary; Good but not of the largest. Blooming..... May and June 4; July 12; August 12; September 3; October and late 17; total 48. Hardiness..... Canes living 4 to 10 inches above ground level in the spring. Foliage. 24... Good; slightly susceptible to mildew and spot. Growitheeaeer Well above the average. Siem. ons ea Long, but sometimes a trifle weak. 46 PHARISAER Fe ei nie tes bie : pest ry J] wah , 1! wr % } GRUSS AN AACHEN BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS PIRNG icin: s. 20 inches. Prune.........5 eyes. IN OGG Ii. sie ciei. - - Color good; fragrance brief; form very good. Shapersgas: ses Bud not perfect, but open flower very attractive. Substance..... Well above the average. Petallage...... Perfect. SIZels minis herts One of the largest. Blooming...... May and June 7; July 13; August 3; September 9; October and late 1; total 33. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 inches above ground level to the tips in spring. Foliage....... Very little affected by mildew, but susceptible to spot. Growth. 26% Fair. SHG Ngee ero Strong, but usually not of great length. Blanticec see sc 20 inches. Prune: ..--....-5 eyes. INO GE) ohetar snes Especially good for cutting. Mapame Maurice De Luzre; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1907. Deep rose pink, carmine center, reverse of petals paler in color. Novelty....... In fragrance, which is wonderful, and growth. Color sas rac Pleasing but tends to lilac. Fragrance..... Strong. IDE TINA aloe Color blues quickly; fragrance endures; form good. S170 Cee meee Fairly good in bud and open flower. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage...... Perfect. SIGS ee ere Above the average. Blooming..... May and June 11; July 13; August 3; September 15; October and late 3; total 45. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 to 18 inches above ground level in the spring. olaAre.. 2 ..'s Susceptible to mildew, and a slight extent to spot. Growth’... <5. ; Very good. SWeNesdobo00ue Average. Rlantinss6 = 22 inches. Prune.........6 eyes. INOtC.< 2 a dinc Does better on the Multiflora than on the Briar. JONKHEER J. L. Mocx; Hybrid Tea; Leenders, 1910. Carmine changing to Imperial pink. Novelty.......In color, size, stem and lasting. (O's) (0 ae Distinct, but sometimes muddy. Fragrance..... Fair in spring and fall; mild in midseason. 53 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING RAStNG | Hence Color blues slightly; fragrance endures except in summer; form almost perfect. DHAPOr. ties he's Good in bud and open flower. Substance..... Fine. Petallage...... Slightly below the best, except in fall. SIZCG one ee Very large. Blooming..... May and June 7; July 10; August 1; September 10; October and late 3; total 31. Hardiness..... Heavy canes living 12 inches above ground in spring —light canes vary. Roliagessese ne Susceptible to mildew and spot. Growth. foc. <2 Exceedingly tall, but lacking in bushiness. heme Mo. acct Usually of great length and strength. Planteeaesae8. 22 inches. Prune: =... ..-0,e yes. Note suet eaten Unpopular with some growers, but so distinct it must be included for its good qualities. Very much better on Multiflora than on Briar. Mrs. Grorce SHAwyER; Hybrid Tea; Lowe & Shawyer, 1911. Brilliant clear rose. INoveltys ji 2: In color, lasting and stem. Colorseeeeeee Very good and attractive. Fragrance..... Mild. east ope Color very good; fragrance brief; form very good. Phapes ss eee Good in bud and most attractive in open flower. Substance..... Very good. Petallage...... Deficient in number. Size...........Above the average. Blooming..... May and June 3; July 7; August 7; September 7; October and late7 ;total31, which may be expected to increase after the second year. Hardiness..... Canes living from ground level to 6 inchesinspring. Foliage, *oo8 Only slightly susceptible to mildew and spot. Growthiacacn Well above the average. Stemacene nee Good and long; of fair strength. Plantae ene. 22 inches. Prune veces t 5 eyes. NGi@seoocnbaec Only tested for two years, but has shown marked promise and has every evidence of becoming a most popular rose, Kituarney; Hybrid Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1898. With us, a soft clear light pink to light rose pink. Novelty....... In color. @olor ein oe Brilliant and attractive. 54 LADY ALICE STANLEY x les ee 4 at 4 jie ; JONKHEER J. L. MOCK ate is, 7 a ‘oy RY, mL fe Nery he aa 2 y ea walk ts en hs, OW | a mh turd M4 a 4 i 7) a lust . ‘ At one bbe DENA a ee Fam > mor. elo Tas Pian BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS Fragrance... .. Quite distinct. basting ya. 2 5 - ee ees quickly; fragrance brief; form does not nold. SBADE ya's sos \s Bud almost perfect; open flower not attractive. Substance..... Very good. Petallage...... Deficient in number. ISIZER MS. ie Scacrs Above the average. Blooming..... May and June 9; July 14; August 5; September 7; October and late 6; total 41. Hardiness... .. Canes living 8 to 10 inches above ground level in the spring. Holigge.ci.6 34. Most susceptible to mildew; also affected by spot. Growth) Above the average. SUGIN oe oocEe AoE Usually very good. Reais 2) ac..0 hhc 20 inches. PRUNES) 75 5 3. .5 eyes. IN OUD oe eee Originally included in the first sixteen. A good all- round rose, but having several bad faults. At its best in the spring; fall bloom seldom attractive here. The sports of Killarney have proved most disappointing—Killarney Brilliant, Killarney Double Pink and White Killarney being poor bloomers. Jillarney Queen is the best of the sports, giving almost as many blooms of greater substance than the parent plant. MapaMeE Carouine Tesrout; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1890. Satin rose with brighter center. Novelty....... In color and fragrance. Wolo). 4h. 8: Most beautiful. Fragrance..... Very distinct. Pasting 2/05... Color good; fragrance only fair; form good. SHADE. ke oss Below the best in bud and open flower. Substance..... Very good. Petallage...... Perfect. SIZES coal sete oe Above the average. Blooming...... May and June 10; July 19; August 3; September 5; October and late 5; total 42. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 to 12 inches above ground level in spring. Holiage:s\ sy. 2 Slightly susceptible to mildew and spot. Growth, sis. 4: Good but not of the best. SOM 5) 6fo5i6 es aoe Sometimes tends to have a weak neck. [ELEN ee 22 inches. IPEUNC US 6s) shj2 2 4 eyes. INOtE iajeis sieie ss A well-known rose and a universal favorite; grown to perfection in Portland, Oregon, where it is most remarkable. 55 OUTDOOR, ROSE GROWING La France; Hybrid Tea; Guillot, 1867. Bright pink. Novelty.......1n blooming qualities and fragrance. Colores ae: Quite good. Fragrance..... Most distinct and beautiful. Toasting sy.\e1ciee Color blues slightly; fragrance endures; form good. Shapes sis e i. ee is not long and tends to ball, but open flower not at. Substance..... Average. Petallage...... Perfect. SIZ6 esomaee Medium. Blooming..... May and June 18; July 20; August 7; September 11; October and late 11; total 67. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 to 10 inches above ground level in the spring. Rolisee seiner Susceptible to mildew and spot Growtheecce Well above the average. Stemitwesteate: Only fair. Planiteee deere 22 inches. Jequbboveye Wes ya aloe 6 eyes. Notey ace 52 This rose has been discarded by many, and if not properly grown has bad faults which are especially noticeable in wet seasons. If planted in poor ground in a bed which drains readily and not fed, it is well worth cultivating. It does best on Multiflora. RED SECTION There are very few roses to choose from in this section, the trouble being that nearly all the good ones are of practically the same shade, and it is impos- sible to secure twelve reds without including shy bloomers. Beyond question, a perfect red rose, com- paring with the best of the pinks and light-colored roses, has not yet been discovered; they “blue” or ‘‘nurple”’ more quickly than any other color, and many varieties have the same faults. However, Comte G. de Rochemur has stood out as the best for all- round purposes; it gives a large quantity of bloom, and if carefully disbudded is well worth cutting. 56 MRS. GEORGE SHAWYER ' iwitt rey 7 . if rte KILLARNEY ¥ vigw ald Gat iy hy ara te ‘a Pag by , ce ‘ aan ‘ iu Ay! a j 7 i stig ary vo ‘al Ae mes LSS ie Sins Me e ae A J Wo A! | U ij >t BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS Heretofore this place has been held by General Mac- Arthur, but Rochemur exceeds it so much in bloom- ing qualities, and in form and size in hot weather, that it is the preference. For cut flower varieties, Laurent Carle, Robin Hood, and George C. Waud, are the best. Robert Huey is the best hot weather red rose and holds its form under these conditions. Its fault has been that it does not give enough bloom. General MacArthur, Lieutenant Chaure and Cardinal are good all-round varieties. Chateau de Clos Vougeot is included for its distinct color, although it is in reality a collector’s rose on account of its very shy blooming qualities. For decorative varieties Teplitz is supreme, not only among the red roses, but for any color. The trouble with Teplitz is that the stem is weak and the form of the rose is not good. It is absolutely the best rose for hedge purposes. The experiment of disbud- ding has been tried to increase the beauty of the bloom, but it does not succeed to any marked degree. A Teplitz, three years old or over, disbudded, will give close to a hundred blooms during the season, and not disbudded the amount will be at least double. Ecarlate is another splendid decorative rose, bloom- ing constantly but being of little use for cut flowers. Mrs. Cant is the best of the red Teas and does well for Mr. H. J. Staples in Maine. 57 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Comte G. De Rocnuemur; Hybrid Tea; Schwartz, 1912. Fiery scarlet, tinted satiny vermilion, with bright red center and rosy white-edged petals. Novelty....... In blooming. Colony ny iirer: Very much the same as MacArthur, perhaps a trifle darker. Fragrance..... Above the average. basting eae Color blues; fragrance quite good; form fair. Shapevtkcssver Not perfect, but fair in bud and holds center well. Substance..... Good. Petallage...... Perfect. SIzZehAg ese Above the average. Blooming..... May and June 15; July 22; August 5; September 22; October and late 3; total 67. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 inches above ground level in the spring. Foliage....... Slightly susceptible to mildew and spot. Growth....... Only average. Stemywae eer Average. Plants sive. 22 inches. IPTUNE ys sis sass 5 eyes. Notes eccrine This rose holds its form better in hot weather than most reds of the same color, and the blooming qualities are especially good for a red rose with any pretension to form. This variety may be hard to secure in quantity for some time. Rosert Huey; Hybrid Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1911. Warm carmine cerise, with wire edge of delicate pink. Novelty....... In hardiness, unique color and lasting. COlOE Soe aes Good, but tends to blue slightly. Fragrance..... Mild. Lasting... : Color quite good; fragrance brief; form quite good. Shapes een Not perfect, but pleasing in bud and open flower. Substance..... Very good. Petallage......Perfect in spring; somewhat deficient in summer. DSIZO) de yates Mitel Very large. Blooming..... May and June 9; July 12; August 3; September 3; October and late 33 total 30. Hardiness..... Almost perfect; canes living from 8 inches to 3 feet above ground level in spring. Foliage....... Liable to be lost from spot; slightly susceptible to mildew. Growth. ¢ 3025 Tall but lacking in bushiness. Stem ee Long, but not especially strong. Plantion ies 20 inches. IPTUNeeeeeee ete 7 eyes. Note eres A distinct red and especially noted for its beauty of bloom in hot weather, and on account of its hardi- ness can be recommended as a hedge rose. Unfor- tunately, the stock of this variety is extremely searce at the present time. 58 COMTE G. DE ROCHEMUR Mi ieee Hh *" f ber bi i a pa. hick i we WR, ¢ ie ane , al ‘iy \ . ) ; ht) eae Wh} ra ‘ } iid Li sah Pane mee aM ah) Bs aa nb) a Cr Hi . : | Bae if Oy ita ones! F My, aah, Rey ‘ A er'ar | silibphs i ment ult Si Ph We Bi ie ane , PL nif ‘ Wisi fyi) he he i Mid Bit i Ha : uy i. re ROBERT HUEY 1 ew 2 Vig hota ee ' ra a ? Nas } 1, Mb ea ( @ Daal aT of econ on Rat Ge SU ee me Ce nn ily game a a ta LI elt PADMA PS i ‘ei ry i . tr | ) f Wind x ep rs , ¥ we ie ' ti P he "hh : Rote 9 fi he Ae aay ie HM esa) ¥ : yp ' Wet) ue ray PANG AR VIN i ¥) Le 1 Of ery, a 1A pin AY Ly Ava Ai hy au ¥ mh i 4 ; iT Nee ; my iat as Th aly ivy, sv An rr i ie iv) ” ‘a Wy § I Th a vy ea ai \\ i My ly BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS Laurent Carte; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1907. Brilliant carmine. Novelty ..... 5. In color, fragrance, shape and lasting. Colores... Beautiful and clear. Fragrance..... Fair to strong. eastineyss nis Color good; fragrance endures; form good. Shapes sc...) 2»: Almost perfect, especially attractive for a red rose. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage...... Perfect. SIU? S A aac Usually quite large, but varies slightly. Blooming..... May and June 8; July 11; August 2; September 3; October and late 7; total 31. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 to 8 inches above ground level in the spring. Woliage 0.4... Susceptible to mildew and spot. Growcheeescie Fair. Steme oe nees Slightly above the average. IRISmG Er cisreners ae 20 inches. Prune vrai .5 eyes. INCE ieee os Does better on Multiflora, and exceptionally well in the special bed. Rosin Hoop; Hybrid Tea; E. G. Hill Company, 1912. Soft bright rosy scarlet, changing to bright scarlet crimson as season advances. Novelty....... In foliage, stem and lasting qualities. Coloraeeneye. is Good and clear, but some little blue. Fragrance..... Above the average. ILPSHING 5 co 5cue Color auite good; fragrance endures quite well; form good. Shape wiecss..: Not perfect, but attractive. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage...... Practically perfect. SIZ Cerne etter Average. Blooming..... During second year—May and June 14; July 12; August 7; September 6; October and late 3; total 42. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 inches above ground level in spring. Holiaces....2 o- Especially good, almost immune from spot and mil- dew. (Crows. + loss Very good. SIE 2) 60 ase eee Long and fairly strong. Rlanitaersertste ec: 22 inches. Prunes. a Ole yes. INOGC Rien Geel: Easy to establish; not yet tested on Multiflora. Grorce C. Waup; Hybrid Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1908. Orange vermilion. Novelty....... In color and fragrance. Colorasenten cies Clear and attractive. 59 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Fragrance..... Quite marked. Lasting; 5.) Color good, little liabie to blue; fragrance endures; form good. SHADE saeccinns Good in bud; pleasing in open flower. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage......Varies; too many in spring, too few in summer. DIZO ic eod eee Medium Blooming..... May and June 6 ; July 10; August 2; September 7; October and late 1; total 26. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 to 18 inches above ground level in spring. Poliage sicucc. Susceptible to mildew and spot Growthos)i/o. Average. Stemi ae oascae! Good. Planteiaeceest 20 inches. Prune? ela 5 eyes. Note teen aan Does best on Multiflora. GENERAL MacArtuur; Hybrid Tea; E. G. Hill Company, 1905. Bright crimson. Novelty...... In fragrance. Colors: jerk Very good. Fragrance..... Strong. Pasting. cionosk Color tends to blue; fragrance endures; form fair, Shaper 4. 5)./065 Buds attractive; flower sometimes opens flat. Substance..... Fair. Petallage...... Perfect. DEBBIE Mencia tae Medium; small in hot weather. Blooming. .... May and June 10; July 12; August 5; September 5; October and late 3; total 35. Hardiness... .. Canes living 6 to 10 inches above ground level in spring. Foliage. ../a2 2s Almost immune from mildew; slightly susceptible to spot. Growth 72: Above the average. Dtemy Cece, Fair. Plant, ivan 20 inches. Prune ce ees 6 eyes. INOteR aah nen oe Until the advent of Rochemur, was considered the best all-round red rose. There are several roses very much on the color of MacArthur, perhaps the best being C. W. Cowan, Eugene Boullet and Freifrau Ida von Schubert. Does a little better on Multiflora. 60 LAURENT CARLE ae iy a is iy 1 0 i 1 i Teds bo# ) dehy unt | ( fe a. eee ) wl ) F : Ws ap Ly ta ‘at. | epi! " eit Al aa AD ‘ a Ni \ Ah Aya) ; eh ie Hy GENERAL MACARTHUR BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS CarpiNnaL; Hybrid Tea; John Cook, 1904. Cardinal red. Novelty....... In perfume and blooming qualities. WOOT, Sar. eis Fair. Fragrance..... Very good. Wasting: <-..00- Color blues; fragrance endures; form fair. Shape.........Fair in bud; not perfect in open flower. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage...... Perfect. RIZE rs crave ais vercies Medium October and late 4; total 48. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 to 8 inches above ground level in spring. Roligge yt 3 35 Susceptible to mildew and spot. Growth): '. Bushy, but not tall. LCM A cod Average. lant arcu 20 inches. IBTUNE cee so. - 5 eyes. Notes ..5 3.55. Does better on Multiflora. Perfume and blooming insure it a place among roses superior in other qualities. LizvTENANT Cuavure; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1910. Velvety crimson red. Novelty....... In color and perfume. C0) fo ge Distinct and clear. Fragrance..... Fair to strong. TASTING... +... Color good; fragrance endures; form fair. Dhape. «a's... Fair in bud and open flower. Substance..... Good. Petallage...... Deficient in number. SIZE tach eed Medium. Blooming..... May and June 5; July 7; August 3; September 6; October and late 2; total 23. Hardiness... .. Reported geod. Foliage....... Some mildew, but little susceptible to spot. Growth. 2.0. Fair. PS)P odo ae a er Pon Fair larity ora, oh 20 inches. leinbiolsoe pois pon 5 eyes. NOTE iaeace ess Doing well for Admiral Ward on Long Island. Tested here for only one season, so the average of blooms should be higher after the first year. 61 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Cuareau pe Cios Voucgeot; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1908. Velvety scarlet to dark velvety crimson. INoveltiyeeneee In color and fragrance. Colorseesieceae Absolutely distinct and beautiful. Fragrance..... Strong in the spring and fall; fair in summer. Tasting .-4.5 7)... Color good; fragrance endures; form good. Shaye: cs. at Fair in bud; keeps high pointed center when open. Substance..... Almost perfect. Petallage...... Varies; perfect in the fall, too many in spring and summer. Size eiscichsenaets Slightly above the average. Blooming......May and June 7; July 7; August 1; September 6; October and late 1; total 22. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 to 8 inches above ground level in spring. Holiagemmae cae Susceptible to spot—lost early; slightly lable to mildew. Growler Above the average. SIN sabe caulk Usually long and strong, but if cut there is very little left of the plant. Pianteseeee ree 20 inches. Prune ysenecnier 5 eyes. Noten tae Included on account of its unique color. Does best on Multiflora. Mrs. B. R. Cant; Tea; Cant & Sons, 1901. Deep rose on outer petals, inner petals soft silvery rose, suffused with buff at base. Novelty....... In color, blooming and foliage. Colores as: While unique, is not of the very best. Fragrance..... Mild. astm ceeeeaee Color good; fragrance brief; form good. Shapescsees ser Short in bud; only fair in the open flower. Substance..... Fair. Petallage...... Too many, and not of best shape. Sizenicseeieanree Medium to small. Blooming..... May and June 13; July 14; August 2; September 10; October and late 11; total 50. Hardiness... .. Canes living 8 inches above ground level in spring. Growthheeenee Good. Foliage s.s.-'- Distinct and beautiful; impervious to disease and holds well. Stemi. cahet2 Good. Plant). vee 22 inches. Prune.:........5 GYes. Noten acc eet While the form is only fair, it lasts well, and with its usually long stem, is fair for cutting. Does best on Multiflora. Gross An Trpuitz; Hybrid Tea; Geschwind, 1897. Bright scarlet crimson. Novelty....... In blooming, growth, hardiness, color and fragrance. 62 CARDINAL ‘ak > Bit ts Ae ¥ Aly 7 4 n: iba cal bh Nite aig 1A Re th Pi 7 ae mp a i vi : ms 0 ne eo f] ry tee an iE f ; hs aie aa ie i aa A oe ie Lis ein id Ve tea Sey tu, Nest a uk Le ia Buti eatiar ip ta PR AS iT cM a Odi red ‘iY ; Whee ; o ) A r M% ; ‘ \ ae if bef / me 4 4 La Vie i alt is , ee ‘Mh Oi h. ¥ j i i Bath: Nan hs ‘ et | Sahib ; Ms AT tial rh Ia hy, } oe, ’ re: ) G ‘ 1 ia il ra a | GRUSS AN TEPLITZ heh Hi i Ae we ih ye dey Fs, in ivi 1 ; i Oe TG ian ra iy ) ; at i Hee oe al : AN oa t i mw 5 , he Ala at whe i i he "i mi A nial a, hae a i A bate it) th) 1 rae vom sh ne i iors ra Hy R i es Sac RS a BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS Wolors ssi: Beautiful and distinct. Fragrance..... Fair to strong. MAStIME s 4.02%: Color dey good; fragrance endures; form does not nold. SHAPE. os... ss Bud short; flower opens flat Substance.....Above the average. Petallage...... Fair, but of poor shape. SIZE MN ceca Medium to small. Blooming. .... May and June 37; July 26; August 14; September 15; October and late 15; total 107. Hardiness..... Almost unique as only the tips winter kill. Poliage:...... - Immune from mildew; slightly susceptible to spot. Growth... Perfect. Stem..........Weak and usually short. JEU Oe oe oa 26 inches. Bune sae ee 8 eyes. INOtenaciecrl sii: Teplitz is the best tall decorative rose grown, and if not cut back may be used as a hedge; or if grown on Multiflora does very well as a low ever-blooming climber. Scores five times under novelty. Ecaruate; Hybrid Tea; Boytard, 1907. Brilliant scarlet. Novelty....... In blooming and growth. Colorsae nian: Quite good. Fragrance..... None. Mashing)... 5. Color blues; form does not hold. RSG fol) 28s): Fair in bud; very flat as rose opens. Substance..... Barely average. Petallage......Deficient in number. Sizerwanenn as Fair in spring and fall; small in summer. Blooming : May and Septem- October ’ June July August ber and late Total -2 ee 18 36 14 22 18 108 2 years eo 12 34 19 15 13 93 ‘2 years Own Roots/{ ee 14 25 7 9 4 59 Hardiness..... Canes living 8 to 18 inches above ground level in spring. : Foliage 21:5; |. _Almost perfect; immune from mildew; only slightly susceptible to spot. ; Growoleeeeuee Strong and bushy, but not exceptionally tall. SS UelE SVs ae ae Fair for a rose of this character. Blantyre ayers: 24 inches. Prune.........5 eyes. ; a . INOtE Race ee This is distinctly a decorative rose. Without dis- budding, it will give many more blooms. 63 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING YELLOW SECTION This section is a very difficult one to handle be- cause there are few roses of this color which fill the requirements as well as the pinks and lighter roses. Among the yellows the rose is of good form, but small growth and shy blooming qualities, or loses by poor form and more profuse blooming. For strictly cut flower varieties it is necessary to go into collector’s roses to secure blooms of beautiful colors which hold their form perfectly, especially in hot weather. The yellow roses selected are those which have proved the best for all-round worth, with fair lasting qualities. - On account of their great substance, Duchess of Wellington and Harry Kirk, in spring and fall, will last well in the house if cut in bud form. Daily Mail will hold its form fairly well, but the color does not last. Natalie Bottner will do very well. Mrs. Ward, while small, holds the form, as does Senateur Mas- curaud. Elli Hartmann, with its fine petallage and substance, is also a good cut flower. Madame Mel- anie Soupert is especially noted for its great sub- stance, and therefore endures when cut, although lacking in petallage. Lady Pirrie takes the place of Betty in the list, being much on the same color, but having an infinitely superior neck and lasting some- what longer. Lady Plymouth has proved the best 64 DUCHESS OF WELLINGTON (Notr.—Illustration considerably less than actual size) ada pn wl i i . | i i has { 4 i" f (a si i ded tay i? . i ) i hi ee ey) i Di r & Nuy ‘shee aCe Pelee oe ae, | me a a | t pe y =— HARRY KIRK BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS of the light yellow type found among the Teas, of which Maman Cochet, Mrs. Dudley Cross and Alex- ander Hill Gray were the forerunners. For decora- tive purposes Mrs. A. R. Waddell and Chrissie Mac- Kellar stand out as the best of the bronze and lighter yellows. Ducuess OF WELLINGTON; Hybrid Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1909. Intense saffron yellow stained with rich crimson which, as the flower develops, becomes deep copper saffron yellow. Here somewhat lighter. Novelty....... In color, blooming, substance and size. olor ee ie Beautiful; varies, lighter in summer; rose shadings in fall. Fragrance..... Slight spicy perfume. ashing eee Color good; fragrance brief; form quite good. Shape. o.306s% Practically perfect in bud; not good in open flower. Substance..... Very good. Petallage...... Deficient in number. DIZOS? Sea es.s One of the largest. Blooming..... May and June 8; July 14; August 9; September 9; October and late 7; total 47. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 to 8 inches above ground level in spring. Hoare. 3... Very good; almost immune from mildew; only slightly susceptible to spot. Crowther ee Next to the largest. Me Les pe a eee Long and strong, only occasionally having a weak neck. | Bd 2 | ae 24 inches. IPTUNe MW. oe Oe Ves: INGEG Joe oe st More nearly fills the requirements than any other yellow in cultivation, having a wonderful record for many years. Harry Kirk; Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1907. Bright primrose to amber yellow. With us, light sulphur yellow. Novelty....... In growth, foliage and extreme hardiness. SOLOE Nc Lae Beautiful and clear. Fragrance..... Slight; to some persons not pleasing. Lasting....... Color fades except in cool weather; fragrance quickly becomes rank; form does not last. SHANE T+ seats o¢ Almost perfect in bud; not good in open flower. 65 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Substance..... Very good. Petallage......Deficient in number. SEZO ee toke ies: Fairly large. Blooming..... May and June 7; July 15; August 1; September 8; October and late 1; total 32. Hardiness..... Splendid; living to tips on strong wood, 8 inches on weak wood, in the spring. Foliage....... Very good; little affected by mildew and spot. Growthes 00: Fine. CEM Siiesteratens Fair Plants. 3020s 20 inches. Pruners ii ciiae 6 eyes. Note: 2sn).).< A good all-round rose, chiefly on account of its great reliability as a bloomer and its hardiness; adaptable as a low hedge. Mapame Epovarp Herriot or Darty Matt; Pernetiana; Pernet- Ducher, 1913. Bud coral red shaded with yellow on base. Open flower rosy coral red; lighter shadings are in salmon. Novelty...... In color, foliage and hardiness. Color 5 ois Unique, attractive and startling. Fragrance..... Mild. astingeeeece Color fades; fragrance brief; form does not hold well. DHA PS tictke os Attractive in bud, holding high center until half open. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage...... Deficient in number. SIZE sas ee heke Above the average. Blooming. .... Two-year-old plants cut low; May and June 7; July 17; August 1; September 4; October and late 3; total 32. Hardiness... .. Perfect; living to tips on strong wood; 6 inches on weak wood in spring. HOMAGE: sacs sh Beautiful in spring and early summer; lost later. Crowtheeeee ne Average. Scemeeeiccmias Average. Plants; sich oes 20 inches. Prune 33545 050 6 eyes. INGTES Sean shee Best of all the Pernetianas tested. By pruning experiments, it has been found best to cut fairly low as this gives better stems and helps hold the foliage; a few more blooms will be secured by high pruning, but this is not advocated unless for garden decoration or low hedge purposes. Does best on Multiflora. NataLige Borrner; Hybrid Tea; Bottner, 1910. Soft flesh to creamy yellow. Novelty....... In color and shape. Color cece at Beautiful, clear and distinct. 66 MME. EDOUARD HERRIOT (THE DAILY MAIL ROSE) i " ¥ it , oh ; A : eek Orie Ty ere i Lows r| gad hae 7 | hi 0 if ny he ¥ , bhi i a ne HAL oe ih ae a og At ang NATALIE BOTTNER * ‘ 7 en ray eg PALA V9 ; BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS Fragrance..... Fair. Pasting. ss <5 Color very good; fragrance brief; form good. NHANes «ecw Good in bud and open flower. Substance..... Well above the average. Petallage...... Perfect. VU 7a inka cinieeste Medium to large. Blooming.... . May and June 5; July 16; August 4; September 11; October and late 4; total 40. Hardiness... .. Canes living 6 to 12 inches above ground level in spring. Foliage....... Very good, being only slightly susceptible to mildew and spot. Crowiheenn ae Well above the average. SEM ss ates: Quite good. (21 Er] ae eee 22 inches. IPTUNG: ae.2.< ory ¢ 6 eyes. BN OHSS Pe or spcr, tere The only fault is an occasional tendency to ball in wet seasons. Mrs. Aaron Warp; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1907. Indian yellow, occasionally washed with salmon rose. Novelty....... In color, shape and foliage. @olors 35... Distinct. Fragrance..... Mild. TASH i os 5 2 Color fades quickly; fragrance brief; form good. DHADe. A. 0 ss. Beautiful in bud and open flower. Substance..... Well above the average. Petallage...... A trifle above the perfect number. SIS. Aare Small; varies considerably. Blooming..... May and June 10; July 13; August 2; September 5; October and late 8; total 38. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 to 10 inches above ground level in spring. Holage’. 2.5. nal Attractive color and leathery; little affected by disease. Growth....... Quite bushy, but not tall. SET Ci ae eee Quite good. lab ae. 2.5 a0) 20 inches. IPLUHe); «i..-c/< . .0 CYES. INGTON a ceis-iacas A popular rose with only two noticeable faults— lack of size and the fading of the color. SpnaTeur Mascuravup; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1909. Cream yellow with light yolk of egg center. Novelty....... In color and shape. Colotse5..c% 4 Beautiful and clear. Fragrance..... Mild. astine setae Color good; fragrance brief; form good. SHADG ss veces: Good in bud and open flower. 67 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Substance..... Average. Petallage...... Perfect. DIZ ea oes Medium. Blooming...... May and June 5; July 12; August 5; September 12; October and late 3; total 37. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 inches above ground level in spring. Hohage ty. .c...-- Very good; little affected by mildew and spot. Growth... 6.6% Barely average. Shera eee secs Good. Plantae. soe 20 inches. IPruneseeeee ce 5 eyes. INOtGRehenere A very attractive little rose; while not of the very best, it is well balanced. Given the preference over Souvenir de Gustave Prat on account of its better stems. Does best on Multiflora. E.u1 Hartmann; Hybrid Tea; Welter, 1913. Old golden yellow. Novelty inns: In color, growth, foliage and lasting. Wolorygs Mics: Clear and attractive. Fragrance..... Mild. hastings: Color good; fragrance brief; form endures, Shapes evecare Not of the best, but attractive in bud and open flower. Substance..... Above the average. Petallage...... Too many petals, some being too narrow in shape. Sizenyye eer Medium; sometimes quite large. Blooming..... May and June 7; July 7; August 4; September 3; October and late 11; total 32. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 inches above ground level in spring. Foliage....... Very good; little affected by disease. Growth. )/5)..02 Very good; tall and fairly bushy. Stems ana ons Quite strong, although sometimes short. Plantes hee sec 22 inches. Prune...) -0) Yes: INOte iiecrsticel This rose may be hard to secure in quantity for some time. While not as profuse a bloomer as Wellington, it excels the latter in the lasting quality of the bloom and the beauty of the open ower. MapamMe Meanie Soupert; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1906. Light cream to salmon yellow, with light carmine shades. Novelty...2.2.. In color, substance, size and stem. Color vac Very beautiful. Fragrance..... Mild. Tastings 2c 266. Color good; fragrance brief; form fairly good. Shapes.) ke Although not standard spiral, is beautiful in bud; not so attractive when fully open. Substance..... Remarkable. 68 SENATEUR MASCURAUD ny Or | Ts Leh j Dy lait bar Pry Le ns, Tifa } ELLI HARTMANN ery ee . is De Hah ie : ee BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS Petallage...... Deficient in number. DIZOM este ore Very large. Blooming..... May and June 6; July 9; August 3; September 3; October and late 4; total 25. Hardiness..... Occasionally winter kills. Canes living 6 to 12 inches above ground level in spring. Boligge:)...-: Beautiful in color and substance; little affected by disease. Growth....... Tall, not bushy or uniform. SIS INA A anoae Usually very long and strong, especially in the spring. | Ea eR arene eee 20 inches. Prine ss. 1/02 5 eyes. INObEirs warersicss One of the most beautiful roses in cultivation, but until grown on Multiflora was strictly a collector's rose. Better on Multiflora than in a special bed; the ideal method would seem to be Multiflora stock grown in a special bed. This rose surpasses Marquise de Sinety and Madame Charles Lutaud in substance, stem, growth and hardiness. Lapy Prrrie; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1910. Deep coppery reddish salmon; inside of petals apricot yellow—varies. Lighter with us. Novelty.......In color, growth and blooming. (C5) ar Very beautiful; varies greatly with the season. Fragrance..... Mild. Tasting. .6.... Color fades; fragrance brief; form does not hold. BADE So... 5:5. Attractive in bud; open flower flat. Substance..... Very good. Petallage...... Deficient in number. SGicleconsmeee Above the average. ~ Blooming..... May and June 10; July 21; August 6; September 10; October and late 9; total 56. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 to 18 inches above ground level in spring. Foliage....... Susceptible to mildew; little affected by spot. Growth.......: Very strong and bushy. bem ps eee Well above the average. Blanitier cavers i 24 inches. IBTUNIC ai eyere ssi 6 eyes. INOUE Ree cae ee A fair decorative rose and good for cut blooms in cool weather. Lapy Piymouts; Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1914. Deep ivory cream, very faintly flushed. Novelty...... In color, lasting and foliage. Orb aa trcone: Excellent. Fragrance..... Mild. 69 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Lasting....... Color good; fragrance brief; form very good. Shape). cse 26 << Good in bud and open flower. Substance... .. Good. Petallage...... Perfect. SIZE Ste on cee Above the average. Blooming..... Two-year-old plants, May and June 6; July 8; August 3; September 10; October and late 1; total 28. Hardiness..... Canes living 8 inches above ground level in spring. Holisizer arse ies Especially fine. Growthee- seat and with many canes, but not exceptionally tall. Stemengs.« 235. Quite good. Plantae ccc cee 22 inches. Prune ses sere: 5 eyes. INGtE Reise aren ae improvement in the well-known type of yellow eas. Mrs. A. R. Wappetu; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1908. Rosy scarlet bud, opening reddish salmon; reverse of petals rosy scarlet. Novelty.......In color, growth and blooming. Colorasee een Very attractive and distinct. Fragrance..... Mild. hashing ee eee Color fades; fragrance brief; form does not last. Shapers se ate er. Very good in bud; open flower loose. Substance..... Fair. Petallage...... Deficient in number. Sizes hich eaax Trifle above the average. Blooming..... May and June 9; July 22; August 5; September 16; October and late 5; total 57. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 to 8 inches above ground level in spring. Foliage....... Only slightly susceptible to mildew and spot. Growth....... Well above the average. SUM eee Fairly long, but liable to be weak, and wilts quickly. PYarite crac cleooe 2 feet on Briar or Multiflora. Pruner ace cio 5 eyes. INGtem Jercine Very good as a decorative rose on account of its blooming qualities. Does best on Multiflora. Cnrisste MacKeiiar; Hybrid Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1913. Intense crimson carmine crayonings on rich, deep, ochrey madder, becoming bright orangey-pink as the bloom develops. Novelty.......In blooming, foliage, color and growth. Colorecworeues Attractive. Fragrance..... Mild. Lasting4ec.% « Color good; fragrance brief; form does not last. Shapes. s.ee-r Attractive in bud; open flower flat. Substance..... Average. 70 MADAME MELANIE SOUPERT LADY PIRRIE Wy 4 . t tae Litt A sa ' rong =) } ties i ' a ; i P ‘TA 1 Pi ye pow : * d ruled LT Me} BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS Petallage..... Deficient in number. RIZE per ake 2 Medium to small. Blooming. ... .Two-year-old plants, May and June 11; July 20; August 8; September 11; October and late 15; total 65. Hardiness..... Canes living 6 inches above ground level in spring. Poliage snc. Almost perfect; good color and substance; practically immune from disease. Growth; . : 3..'<': Splendid; high, strong and bushy, with many canes. SUN, acdaaoue Fairly good. Plantier fe 24 inches. lB sam aoc 6 eyes. INOGeR Ee oscars. Well adapted for decorative purposes and easily established. A MAIN LIST OF ROSES In the main list the numerals 2 and 3 appear in column marked “‘List.”’ The roses listed No. 2 are those which have stood the tests very well; they have surpassed the great main body of varieties which have been discarded as not coming up to the requisite standard. No. 2 is a list of honor and is for good, all-round roses, with the faults plainly noted under the various head- ings. Before putting these roses in this No. 2 list hundreds of roses have been carefully tested, and these are the ones which have been found most suitable for our climate and conditions as all-round varieties. For a person wishing a greater variety of all-round roses than is included in the first forty-eight, No. 2 is recommended. The roses listed No. 3 are special roses and should 71 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING be mainly ordered either for large gardens or collec- tions, or by persons thoroughly understanding their failings, all of which are noted under the various headings. It would be easy to make list No. 3 very much larger, but it is cut down on the theory that every rose contained therein should be the very best of its kind, or have some special merit. For this reason there may be some roses which it will be thought should have been included, but for average condi- tions, and particularly for the amateur rose grower who does not wish a very large number of roses, this list will be found more than sufficient, and this book is written for such persons. In list No. 3 are included some weak-growing roses with beautiful blooms; they are not perfectly hardy and, in addition, are weak growers, but are so dis- tinct in their beauty that they should be included in any large collection, particularly by a person under- standing their failings. In list No. 3 some single roses are placed which, while good bloomers and of robust habit, are so much below the average in the form of their blooms that they should not be included in any list but No. 3. It has been aimed to cover, under the columns of the main list, the principal points of each rose. Under the greater number of headings the letters 72 MRS. A. R. WADDELL il eft, | : Nght i , : ; aa EP i ay i } i 7 Cadi h ’ y at BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS ““A”—very good, ‘‘B’”—good, ‘‘C”—fair, ‘‘D”— poor, ‘‘V’—varies, are used to describe each variety. Under the heading ‘‘Form of Rose” the abbrevia- tion ‘‘Si”’ indicates that the rose is single. Under the heading ‘“‘Size of Bloom,” ‘‘L’’—large, ““M’’—medium, ‘‘S’”’—small. It will readily be understood that under ‘‘Growth,”’ for example, all the roses marked ‘‘A”’ are not abso- lutely the same in growth, but for all practical pur- poses they form an approximate class under ‘“‘A,” all of which come up to a certain standard. This principle applies to all headings. Growth is marked, not only for the height and strength, but also for the number of canes and uniformity. Under ‘‘Hardiness”’ the system is changed to give the number of inches of good wood left in the spring. Where a rose kills down to the ground level the letter ‘‘G”’ is inserted in the column, and where a certain percentage winter kill, the letters ‘‘W K”’ have been added. Last year, with a new shipment of a thousand roses, chiefly new varieties, about twenty plants, or two per cent., have been lost, and some of the new plants were very small and weak. This immunity from deaths is due to the fact that the roses are “hilled up” every autumn, as described in the chapter on ‘‘Cultivation.’”’ 73 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING On account of the number of new roses constantly being planted in the testing beds from all parts of this country and Europe, it is impossible to entirely eliminate’ disease, but in a way this has its valuable side, because the roses tested are brought in contact with disease and the varieties which are immune, or nearly so, stand out. It may therefore be that cer- tain roses marked down for “‘Foliage”’ will do better with the average amateur than they will here. To receive ‘‘A,”’ the foliage must be practically immune from mildew and spot, and must hold well throughout the season. In marking for ‘“‘Stem” a long strong stem is marked ‘‘A,’’ short stems and those not able ¢o sus- tain the weight of the bloom are marked “‘B,”’ etc. In ‘‘Size”’ a rose is considered ‘‘Medium”’ which runs from three and a half to four and a half inches in the spring. Smaller roses are marked ‘‘S” and larger roses marked ‘‘L.”’ It seemed best to give the actual number of blooms on all the varieties so that a grower would know the number of flowers he might expect. In this con- nection, it will be understood that the number of blooms varies greatly under different climatic con- ditions. As a usual thing the rose season here com- mences about the twenty-fifth of May, but testing beds in which the records have been made are about 74 BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS five hundred feet above sea level. In Southern Phila- delphia, where the altitude is less, the bloom com- mences at least ten days earlier. Of course, in all localities the time of blooming is affected by the sea- son. A month which gives cool weather and much rain increases the blooming of a rose, and a month of great heat and drought will naturally reduce the number of flowers; but as the records are taken from a number of years in the majority of cases, an average should be reached which is exact enough for all re- quirements. In a short test a rose may do well in one bed and badly in another. This has been insured against as far as possible by planting a number of roses of each variety, and having a test of never less than two years. ‘‘Form”’ has been marked for the length and beauty of the bud and also for the substance of the open flower; petallage and size have both been considered; short buds and blooms which open singly or flat are marked ‘‘B,”’ ete. ‘“‘Lasting”’ refers entirely to the keeping qualities both before and after cutting. ‘‘Color”’ is marked for the clearness and beauty of the color; ‘‘B”’ or ‘‘C”’ are used if the rose is either somewhat muddy or verges on a solferino shade, which is not considered of the first beauty in roses. The color descriptions of the blooms in the Main List 75 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING are mostly taken from the catalogue of Alexander Dickson & Sons, Ltd. It is noted where there is a very marked difference between this and roses tested here. Where two letters are used, it will be understood that the description in question will range, for in- stance: from ‘‘B’’—good to ‘‘A’’—very good, etc. The last two right-hand columns are a handy reference for planting and pruning, and the distances for planting may be followed implicitly. These have been changed in many places because during the last year experiments with spacing have proved that roses do better with more room. Therefore, while the marks given could be shaded to a slight extent, for general garden work they should be closely fol- lowed. They are based on the cultivation afterwards advised. It is most important that with these dis- tances a mulch be used to protect the rose roots from the heat, otherwise they are too great. This is espe- cially true in localities with open porous soil, or where local conditions cause quick drainage. As a rule, a rose will require more space on Multiflora than on Briar, on account of its greater growth on this stock. The pruning column will be understood after the chapter ‘‘Pruning”’ is read; the number of eyes given for pruning being for the strongest wood, weak wood being cut lower down. ‘‘D.W.”’ in this column stands for dead wood. 76 BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS Nearly every rose has some slight perfume, but in very many cases it is so mild that it is hardly noticeable. A column is therefore not added for per- fume, but with roses in which the perfume is distinct, the same is noted under the description of the variety. Where Multiflora is suggested in the left-hand column, the plant is marked for growth on Multiflora, and where special bed is noted, the rose is marked for special bed. 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ROBERT HUEY, JESSE A. CURREY, GEORGE C. THOMAS, JR. INDIVIDUAL QUALITIES Novelty 5 Color 10 Fragrance 5 Lasting 10 Total 30 Form Shape 10 Substance 5 Petallage 5 Size 5 Total 25 Hasit anD GrowTH Blooming 15 Hardiness 10 Foliage 10 Growth 5 Stem 5 Total 45 Grand Total 190 INDIVIDUAL QUALITIES Noveuty [5] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: 1lst—With roses of any established class, the Improvement or Distinctiveness of the Color, Fra- grance, Lasting, Shape, Size, Substance, Petallage or Stem, with regard to the bloom. 98 BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS The Improvement of the Hardiness, Foliage, or Growth, with regard to the habit of the plant. 2d—With roses of any new class, the Distinctive- ness, Individuality and Improvement over classes already established. Note.—Any new rose which is to receive an award as a new variety must have filed with the Society under whose auspices it competes, a certified pedi- gree if same is known, or certificate giving as many facts as possible with relation to its origin if the entire pedigree is unknown. Co tor [10] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: Uniformity, both as to shades and markings; clearness and beauty of the color; and freedom from splotches, muddiness and objectionable shades. FRAGRANCE [5] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: Abundance and refinement. LastineG [10] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: 99 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING 1st—The lasting of the color of the flower, cut and uncut. 2d—The retention of the fragrance of the flower, cut and uncut. 3d—The lasting of the form of the flower, as a bud, as partly opened, and as a full-blown rose, cut and uncut. Form SHAPE [10] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: 1st—To consider the type of rose being judged and to compare the exhibit with a rose of perfect shape of that type. In regard to exhibition varieties, the most desirec shape is a long spiral bud, which, as the rose opens, maintains a high pointed center. Roses which are short in bud, and which open flat, should be adversely scored. SUBSTANCE [5] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: 1lst—To consider the type of rose being judged and to compare the exhibit with a rose of perfect substance of that type. 2d—The weight or thickness of the petals. 100 BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS PETALLAGE [5] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: 1lst—To consider the type of rose being judged and to compare the exhibit with a rose of perfect petallage of that type. In considering Hybrid Teas, Hybrid Perpetuals, Pernetianas, and other types of roses used for exhibi- tion, first, the shape of the petals shall be considered; and second, the number of petals. A rose of this type, to score the maximum under this quality, should have approximately forty (40) petals. A single rose shall be one which has from four (4) to ten (10) petals; a semi-double rose shall be one which has from eleven (11) to twenty-five (25) petals; a double rose shall be one which has over twenty-five (25) petals. Size [5] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: To consider the type of rose being judged and to compare the exhibit with a rose of perfect size of that type. HaBit aND GRowTH Buioomineg [15] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: 101 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING The length of the blooming season; the continuity of blooms; and the number of blooms produced. Note.—In judging Hybrid Teas, Pernetianas, and other types of roses which bloom throughout the entire growing season, and which, on account of their beauty and length of stem, are useful for cut flower varieties, a plant which, after the first year, produces fifty (50) blooms should receive the maxi- mum number of points for this quality. HaRDINEsS [10] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: To consider the type of rose being judged and to compare the exhibit with a rose of perfect hardiness of that type, noting particularly the amount of winter killing, and the extent to which the variety is affected by extreme heat or other climatic conditions. FoutaGE [10] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: 1st—The quality and substance of the foliage. 2d—The lasting qualities of the foliage during the entire growing season. 3d—The immunity of the foliage from mildew, spot and other diseases. 102 BEST VARIETIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS GrowTu [5] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: To consider the type of rose being judged and to compare the exhibit with a rose of perfect growth of that type, special attention being given, not only to the vigor of the plant and the number of canes pro- duced, but also to the uniformity and even balance of the growth. In judging climbers or ramblers, the strength and length of the shoot bearing the blooms, and the branching habit, shall be especially considered. Stem [5] The conditions to be considered in judging this quality shall be: The length and strength of the stem which carries the bloom. In judging exhibition varieties the following points shall be scored: A plant on which the stem carrying the bloom is 6 inches in ME PLUME CELVE si, o)aNervsle.c = 552 she Srsreahos done ae tai recent: 1 point ROG bOtes ICHES Sie sl roce"sio eek gees lonse Ske eh Ree 2 points Prout 6 Gon Ormehess)\o..0 3S .c05 5 ne eerste ete 3 points rom yitO AZ INCHES! oii ay sie wlalere wis icles oe ce ietacio 4 points GIS ET Ue ACHES ao shay tarcls a avec is casi diate Etter uiacals DORE ee 5 points providing that, in each case, the stem shall be of sufficient strength to properly carry the weight of the bloom. 103 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING ( Dwarf % 3 Type [sens hk BEN Ge Va Name of Rose Nod Owe. ute Abeer Pe Climber Nos = “~ Parentage _ NWO ‘a 0 b Vow alle _ (ese Date_ a) Wa @ = XG) S cs ae {9 ib. Hybridger__ SON Ubae rok \ts en cAddress_ & Names ate Planted Wecewyer SG YT) By Location. 2S 2. Soil. The 6 uWav_. Slock (Arvatee _ ; 55Q) . Remarks Se desk Wgh’ cohove d Yose- Sook fer © atk ne Fale, decoreXion. SCORED __19 BLOOMING NOTES (Exhibcon) 5 - color blootums- Grout | Dace _| No of Roses : “et ear omit vers attract 5 = June x0) Color 2 ce ee oO \ rm 3- —— Za 10 i u 5 Substance HH Rows hua. 4H pow open YLower Ae 5 Petallage L SES EU aeesG Se |) 7G 15 Blooming Oct. 19 — Aas Dacw §-1 2pnches above S Tounud, Late |] 10 ‘onage = wmidleur ue ors asl Dien aan Oelober : = ca SX¥vrow hash pan Hush Theses sleet staan gh 7 FRAGRANCE LASTING EalyBlom [| |_| Bae | How Tamed [No Hour Hold Ga Mid SGson aaa ROP (OTT eee Feee ef pa KO SG ERIE az Mid = ww Overt “SP e. SIZE SEE ype Pos el he ee ee ee Bud 2f. mado Y, Early Bloom a4 Gone HS Kank Bud YY we 2 shshtl, Bok Mid Season Rise Vt A i 3 Mid Season ead ROK Lite Bloom | Bud 7 Yas 2 Slc4Ie. Ante OSE Late Bloom Ri aes STEM we (Exhibicion) ’Ro. Hours Hild Form er — me aed Se foe ae De ee oes tb baht oper PETALLAGE ae arn |¢ | Dae | [jue | June 1 praia ar apn ee a ig. « a a 39 |ss4 2042 le ee Specimen Score Card by which reses are judged. 104 Til NEW INTRODUCTIONS AND SPECIAL CLASSES It is better to keep new roses entirely separate from the main lists of varieties which have been thoroughly tested. Occasionally a new rose shows enough value to stamp it at once as worth while, but the vast majority are worthless. The ones which are mentioned hereafter are treated most conserva- tively, yet some have stood out as possessing merit, and others cannot yet be eliminated. Any one who plants untried varieties will find that, with few ex- ceptions, they will not be worth cultivation. ApmiraL Warp; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1915. Crimson red, shaded with fiery red and velvety purple. Named after the well- known rosarian. Beautiful color and form, and undoubtedly will be a fine collector’s rose. Has not yet shown sufficient growth or blooming qualities to be included in the best of the reds. CueprroL; Hybrid Tea; MeGredy & Son, 1915. Pure orange flame, with distinct orange yellow base. Attractive color; fair growth and foliage. Worth watching. Cievetanp; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1916. Coppery yellow at base of petals, which are heavily flushed reddish copper on old rose. Beautiful color; quite good form; mild fragrance; only shows fair growth. Tested for one year, and cannot yet be classed in the list of dependable varieties. ComTresse DE Rareuis St. Sauveur; Hybrid Tea; Leenders, 1916. Reddish orange shaded coral red. Shows good growth; good foliage; good blooming qualities; undoubtedly only a decorative rose; semi-double, being little better than single; rather an attractive color. GoupEn Meyer; Hybrid Tea; Paul & Son, 1915. Golden yellow. Good light-colored rose; not yet showing enough growth to be seri- ously considered. 105 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Gorarous; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1915. Deep orange yellow, heavily veined with reddish copper. Unique and beautiful color; fair form; hardy; has not shown enough merit to warrant its inclusion in the lists and cannot yet be recommended except for collectors. Hapuey; Hybrid Tea; Waban Conservatories, 1914. Bright red. Growth only fair; foliage quite good. Color distinct; attractive bloom in the spring; small bloom in summer. Needs time to become established. Worthy of a further test. Hoosier Beauty; Hybrid Tea; Dorner, 1915. Glowing crimson with darker shadings. A remarkable color, but so far growth and blooming qualities below the average. Imogen; Hybrid Tea; Paul & Son, 1915. Orange yellow in center, shading towards the outside to pale yellow and creamy white. Very attractive yellow rose; beautiful form; doing fairly well for the first year, although cannot yet be considered more than a collector’s rose. Los ANGELES; Hybrid Tea; Howard & Smith, 1916. Flame pink shaded to yellow, toned withsalmon. A cross between Madame Segond Weber and Lyon, the color being much on the order of Lyon. Undoubtedly most promising, but not yet thoroughly tested. Mr. McFarland, of Harrisburg, reports that it gives splendid growth outside and good bloom. Mr. Hisele, of Dreer’s, is most enthusiastic about this rose, and considers it a particularly fine bedding variety. MapaMe Couette Martinet; Hybrid Tea; Pernet-Ducher, 1915. Beautiful old gold yellow, shaded with orange yellow, golden yellow bud. A case in point of the danger of recommending a new rose—considered promising in 1915 on account of its most attractive color, good foliage and fair growth. Has not improved during the past season and can only be considered as a collector’s rose. MapaME Marce, DELANNEY; Hybrid Tea; Leenders, 1916. Pale pink or soft rose, shaded with hydrangea pink. A rose planted in January, 1916, which has shown good growth, very good foliage fine long stems, beautiful color and good perfume. Not a profuse bloomer, but has done remarkably well for the short time tested. Undoubtedly a wonderful rose for cut blooms, and a possibility of its being a good all-round rose. Marcetia; Hybrid Tea; Paul & Son, 1913. Buds buff, opening flower salmon flesh. A wonderful bloom when you get it. Of most attractive coloring, but of extremely poor growth and useful only to collectors. Me vanir Niepiecx; Hybrid Tea; Leenders, 1916. Vivid lemon yellow. Showing really remarkable growth for the first year. Re- ported by Bobbink & Atkins, of Rutherford, N. J., to be one of the best new roses on the Multiflora with them. Good foliage which holds well. The bloom is medium, of attractive color in the bud, which, however, is not of the best form, and the color fades quickly. A good bloomer, and while having a good stem, will never be one of the best cut flowers as it does not last. 106 NEW INTRODUCTIONS AND SPECIAL CLASSES Mrs. BertraM J. WALKER; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1915. Clear bright cerise pink. Of attractive color, but has not grown well for the first year; loses its foliage, and gives practically no fall bloom. Undoubtedly only a collector’s rose. Mrs. FRANKLIN Dennison; Hybrid Tea; McGredy, 1915. Porcelain white, veiled primrose yellow deepening to ochre at the base. Showing good growth for the first year; attractive coloring, but with only fair foliage. A rose worth watching. Mrs. GreorGE Gorpon; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1915. Bright rosy pink, flushed silvery pink at the edges of the petals. Good growth and good blooming qualities; fair foliage; semi-double and fades quickly. Needs to be tested further. Mrs. Hues Dickson; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1915. Deep cream with heavy suffusion of orange and apricot. A rose which has not shown up well, but which is attractive in color and foliage. Worthy only of a place in large collections. Mrs. MacKe.tuar; Hybrid Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1915. Solid deep citron or delicate pure canary, passing to pearly primrose. A rose of perfect form in bud; somewhat shy in petals and does not open as well as the best; foliage holds well; the color is clear and attractive. Undoubtedly a variety which will need consideration in a short time if its improvement continues. Mrs. Mona Huntina; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1916. Deep chamois yellow, opening to pure fawn. A very attractive color; fair form, with a good stem. Will probably not give enough growth to be included in the list, but is promising as a collector’s rose. MorieLt Dickson; Pernetiana; Hugh Dickson, 1915. Deep reddish copper in the bud state, paling with age to cherry red with coppery shadings. Of wonderful color, but very weak growth; three plants out of four died during the past winter. When established, however, it may prove to be hardy. NatrionaL Emsuem; Hybrid Tea; McGredy & Son, 1915. Dark crimson, overlaid velvety crimson shading to vermilion towards the edges. A rose of beautiful and distinct color, and fine form for a red; good foliage and fair growth for the first year, combined_with hardiness. This rose may go a great deal further. Neuture Parker; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1916. Pale creamy white, with deeper cream center. Shows fair growth for the first season; good form; some fragrance; of medium size; usually having a good stem. Panama; Hybrid Tea; J. Cook, 1916. Rich peachy pink, inside of petals creamy white. A rose well spoken of, but not yet thoroughly tested outside and therefore cannot be recommended as an all-round rose. Plants tested by J. N. Richardson, Baltimore, planted May, 1916, gave twenty-six blooms throughout the season. Prince CuarmMina; Hybrid Tea; Hugh Dickson, 1916. Deep reddish copper, with old gold base. Semi-double, of attractive color, with lasting qualities. Showing enough growth the first year to make it worth while considering further. Promises to be a good bedding variety. 107 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING QUEEN oF FraGrancE; Hybrid Tea; Paul & Son, 1915. Shell- pink tipped with silver. Hardy; shows good growth for the first year; fair in form, attractive in color. Evidently will not be a wonderful bloomer. Bears out the promise of its name to a great extent. Not sufficiently tested to be recommended for everyone. Rep Rapiance; Hybrid Tea; As the name implies, a sport from the well-known pink rose, with more fragrance than the mother plant, and of attractive color. Not yet thoroughly tested outside, but from reports a rose worthy of cultivation. SouveNnirR oF Henry Grauam; Hybrid Tea; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1915. Faintly blushed carmine on pearly delicate cream. Fair growth; foliage holds, but mildews. An attractive rose and worth watching. TippERARY; Hybrid Tea; McGredy & Son, 1916. The color is midway between Lady Hillingdon and Melody. Color trifle less deep than Hillingdon, here a nice light yellow. Medium size; good foliage, fair perfume. Shows fair growth, but with Dr. Belville, of Germantown, shows good strong growth. During 1916 gave thirty- five blooms from dormant spring planting. Evidently will be quite a bloomer, and one of the most promising of the new varieties. TrrantA; China; Paul & Son, 1915. Coppery crimson in the bud, changing as the flowers open to deep salmon red, the base of the petals being shaded with clear yellow. Very much the color of Daily Mail, although a trifle lighter, having better growth the first year, and more petals. Has been perfectly hardy, and is going to bea fine bloomer, with plenty of fall bloom. Medium to fair size, only a trace of fragrance. Promises to be a fine bedding variety. Where the temperature goes well below zero for considerable periods, only the hardiest of roses will live through the winter, and in the very coldest sections some of these hardy classes must have winter protection. For such districts Hybrid Perpetuals for cut flowers, Rugosas and Hybrid Rugosas for massing and hedges, Wichuraianas and their Hybrids, and a few other hardy climbers, are the ones recommended. In such localities, owing to the shorter season of growth and cooler summers, Hybrid Perpetuals bloom for a longer period than farther south; Rugosas give flowers from July to September, and the Wich- uraianas seem to prolong their beauty. 108 NEW INTRODUCTIONS AND SPECIAL CLASSES HYBRID PERPETUALS This class gives large beautiful flowers on long stalwart stems, most attractive as cut flowers; some varieties are fragrant; but we have no yellow Hybrid Perpetual of merit. There is no perfectly hardy yellow rose for the extreme North which compares in form with the Hybrid Perpetuals. Harry Kirk is the hardiest of the good yellows, but not hardy enough to stand the extreme Northern winters. The old Austrian Briars are very hardy, but their flowers are single and they bloom only for a short period in the spring. It would seem that some of the recent introductions in Hybrid Austrian Briars (Pernetianas) might do well in this section. Perhaps the best to try would be Soleil d’Or, a cross between the old Persian Yellow and a Hybrid Perpetual. This rose does not kill back at all near Philadelphia. While not of perfect form, it is large and double, and of most attractive color; and has been added to the Hybrid Perpetual list. In addition, four Hybrid Teas with Hybrid Perpetual characteristics have been included. The best of the Hybrid Perpetuals for fall bloom are: Captain Hayward, Frau Karl Druschki, Mar- garet Dickson, Mrs. John Laing, Paul Neyron, Oskar Cordel and Urania, although Frau Karl Druschki 109 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING and Oskar Cordel are the only ones which may be depended upon. The list given covers the best roses of the main shades, but the class contains over fifty well-known varieties. Baroness ROTHSCHILD; Pernet, 1867. Pale rose. Captain Haywarp; Bennett, 1893. Scarlet crimson. Perfumed. FisHer Houmos; HW. Verdier, 1865. Deep velvety crimson. Frau Kart Druscuki; Lambert, 1900. Snow white, sometimes lightest pink blush at center. GEOFFREY HENSLOW; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1912. Orange crimson; classed as a Hybrid Tea, but with Hybrid Perpetual characteristics. Sweet. Grorce Arenps; Hinner, 1910. Delicate rose. Scented. GLOIRE DE CHEDANE GUINOISSEAU; Guinoisseau & Chedane, 1908. Bright vermilion red, shaded velvet. Very large. Guorre LyonnalsE; Guillot, 1884. Very pale lemon; wonderful foliage, and except in the extreme North may be grown as a pillar or hedge rose; small to medium- sized flowers; never develops seed pods; classed as a Hybrid Tea, but with Hybrid Perpetual characteristics. Tea fragrance. Hon. Ina Bincuam; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1905. Silver pink; semi-double; classed as a Hybrid Tea, but with Hybrid Perpetual characteristics. J. B. Cuark; Hugh Dickson, 1905. Deep scarlet, shaded blackish crimson; classed as a Hybrid Tea, but with Hybrid Perpetual characteristics. Fragrant. MapameE GasrieL Luizet; Liabaud, 1877. Light silvery pink. Maraaret Dickson; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1891. White, pale flesh center. MERVEILLE DE Lyon; Pernet, 1882. (Syn. White Baroness.) White, center slightly peach. Mrs. Grorce Dicxson; Bennett, 1884. Delicate soft pink. Do not confound with George Dickson. Fragrant. Mrs. Joun Latna; Bennett, 1887. Soft pink. Fragrant. Mrs. R. G. SHarMAN CrAwrorp; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 1894. Deep rosy pink—outer petals shaded with pale flesh. Oskar CorpDEL; Lambert, 1897. Bright carmine. Sweet. 110 FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI (Description page 81) hy Viti : na oy ie GEOFFREY HENSLOW Pn rath Nhe ae yoy Lge MA Yaga pet aes at AO Ad © i. " i's a tear haar eh a rt bet Da pian Ai nA ee Cntgivenh WoCe Wha et j ‘ é il $ i 1m, A a 4 i We ht se ae ret C f : 5 rt c es 4 tL rr \ yea a4 Pye f TAL ; ; hie ; ; us eva 4 ’ rit, iyi hs eT} Wien ae Wie i 4 1 “ PS 1 Bae A : Bat, m4 an Nes iA 2 ad tuell la) hy i i i ey NEW INTRODUCTIONS AND SPECIAL CLASSES Paut Neyron; Levet, 1869. Deep rose. PrINcE CAMILLE DE Rowan; E. Verdier, 1861. Deepest velvety crimson; this variety has rather a weak stem. Fragrant. SuzanNE Marie Ropocanacuti; E. Verdier, 1880. Catalogued as soft pink; in this country more of a cerise—very much the same shade as Dorothy Page Roberts. Fragrant. Uxirico BrunneER; Levet, 1882. Cherry crimson. Sweet. Urania; M. H. Walsh, 1914. Bright crimson. XAVIER Oxiso; Lacharme, 1864. Very dark crimson; a shy bloomer. So.eit D’OR; Pernetiana; J. Pernet-Ducher, 1900. Orange yellow to reddish gold, shaded with nasturtium red. The new yellow Hybrid Perpetual, Ludwig Moller, has been tested for one year, but, both inside and out, is an absolute failure. In the Pacific Northwest, near Portland, the Hybrid Perpetuals give very much better bloom throughout a longer period than they do in the East. For example, Mr. Currey, of Portland, Oregon, re- ports sixty-five blooms on Druschki, as noted in the Main List; and.on Ulrich Brunner he gives the fol- lowing record: June, 24; July, 11; August, 9; Sep- tember, 4; October, 10; Total, 58. Of course, in ordinary seasons there would be further bloom in November and possibly even later. Hybrid Perpetuals should be pruned on the same principle as Hybrid Teas; cut back in the spring to six and eight eyes on the strong wood and a less num- ber on the weak wood. The dead wood should be 111 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING cut out and necessary thinning done. Plant from twenty-four to thirty inches apart. The roses in this class are generally budded on Manetti, although good results have been obtained on Multiflora, and many will do well on their own roots. RUGOSAS AND THEIR HYBRIDS The original Rugosas are from Japan and survive the long winters of the most northern of these islands, so that there is no question as to their great hardi- ness. They do very well by the sea, as they are strong enough to stand the heavy winter winds of the coast; they also thrive under hot, sandy conditions. The best of their Hybrids are extremely hardy, and after their bloom is over are attractive on account of the beautiful fruit which they bear. Rosa Ruaosa ALBA. Single; white. Rosa Ruaosa Rosea. Single; pink. Rosa Rucosa RusrRa. Single; red. ATROPURPUREA; Hybrid Rugosa; Paul & Son, 1899. Blackish crimson, passing to maroon crimson. Buanc DovuBLeE DE CouseErtT; Hybrid Rugosa; Cochet-Cochet, 1894. Double; paper white. ConraD FrrpDINAND Meyer; Hybrid Rugosa; Freebel, 1900. Clear silvery rose, especially good in bud form. Dotty Varpven; Hybrid Rugosa; Paul & Son, 1914. Light apricot pink with a yellow base; blooms well but is not of as large growth as the other varieties mentioned. Hansa; Hybrid Rugosa; Schaum, 1905. Double; reddish violet. MapaME Cuaries Wort; Hybrid Rugosa; Schwartz, 1890. Semi-double; rosy carmine. Mrs. AntHony WatrerER; Hybrid Rugosa; Waterer, 1898. Semi-double; deep crimson. 112 NEW INTRODUCTIONS AND SPECIAL CLASSES These roses should be planted two and a half feet apart, and after the first season no pruning is necessary except removal of dead wood and an occasional thinning. DWARF POLYANTHAS There are a number of other classes of roses, the best of which for garden decoration for the average amateur are the Dwarf Polyanthas. These give con- stant bloom, from frost to frost, mostly in trusses or panicles. One of these, Gruss an Aachen, has been con- sidered good enough to be included in the first list of light-colored roses. Mr. Theodore Wirth, Superintendent of the Min- neapolis parks, in the Rose Annual for 1916, gives the following list as best for that section: Mme. Levavasseur, Katherine Zeimet, Marie Pavie, Primula, Annchen Muller, Clothilde Soupert, Cecile Brunner and Etoile d’Or. Reverend A. H. Scott, of Ontario, Canada, writing in the 1916 Rose Annual says: “Jessie cannot be beaten among the Dwarf Polyanthas.”’ Undoubtedly the above are all good, and in addi- tion the following do well: Brim) POULSON: Ws 065'. 5 3. 66: Dark brilliant pink. GEORGE JETGERE ods ae ee oe ae Coppery golden yellow. Leonie LAMESCH............ Bright copper red—golden center. GR TANS PROSE) ()56 4s: na Geranium red—white center. IRODEVATTOA. 3 or sac to oat Clear cherry red. YVONNE RABIBR.......5..... White. 113 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING The removal of the dead wood of the past year, and some little thinning out, is the only pruning necessary with this class, and they should be planted twenty inches apart. MOSS ROSES The Provence roses are hardly worthy of cultiva- tion except by collectors. The best of the Hybrid Austrian Briars, better known now as Pernetianas, have been included in the lists. The Hybrid Bourbon roses do not compare with other roses already men- tioned. Moss roses are exceedingly hardy and suit- able for the North, but give only a few blooms in the spring. The two best are: BuancHe Morgav........... Pure white. PRINCESS ADELAIDE.........- Bright silvery rose. Plant thirty inches apart; prune sparingly; cut out dead wood and shorten the laterals, pruning new wood of the last season to six eyes. CHINA ROSES The China roses are good fall bloomers as a rule, but outside of a few of the best colorings the Hybrid Teas are preferable. In addition to the ones given in the lists, the following may be depended upon to bloom throughout the season, and are of low, spread- ing growth, with good foliage: 114 HERMOSA (Description page 83) NEW INTRODUCTIONS AND SPECIAL CLASSES ARR TTUSAG 403 a.w aise ele elele Clear yellow, tinted apricot. EvuGENE BEAUHARNAIS....... Amaranth; strong, semi-climbing growth; blooms in clusters, with good late bloom. | DUES 980 age ee RE Dazzling crimson. LAURETTE MBmssIMY.......... Rose, shaded yellow. No CHR WR evs) sais 46 ve syne Dark velvety crimson; more liable to mildew than others in this class. MapaMe EvuGcEenEe ResAu..... Rosy pink, shaded orange. Mrac BOSANQUBT.. 52's ....0..0 Palest flesh. CEOITING VIET ste) Si, ce. hiotse 9 oi or Soft rosy apricot, center shaded orange, outside tinted rose and violet; a very beautiful color, but of weak growth and a shy bloomer. \"6 053 00) 0 4 #10): 7. Gyene ae Green; is at best a freak and only useful as an oddity. Plant twenty inches apart and prune sparingly, cutting out dead wood and thinning occasionally. HYBRID SWEET BRIARS The Hybrid Sweet Briars, which were introduced by Lord Penzance and are a cross with the common English Sweet Briar, are mostly of rampant growth; have perfect foliage; single or semi-double; bloom only in the spring; the flowers are of most distinct and attractive colorings. For hedges plant four feet apart in two rows, staggered. For climbing plant eight feet apart, ana note that Lord and Lady Penzance are much smaller growers than any in this class, and should be planted accordingly. Cutting out dead wood and thinning is all the pruning necessary. SINGLE ROSES In addition there are a number of single roses of distinct colorings which are good growers, and some 115 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING of which have fall bloom. It is hard to draw a line between many of these and the single roses among the Hybrid Teas. The best are: ALEXANDRA ZARIFI........... be terra-cotta, changing to pale BARDOUSIOB, otis a acu ecki acc Rich crimson. iRise BmauTys | " ‘ i a Nita ie | pil 1 v ead ral ~ a »* Pe. v. She! ie a oy aN ze ree ' P ; 7 to Pl 6 , ¥ 4 i = i ‘ ! a - - ; vi ‘ i i a ye | a gat ii \ f " it ot me iy : a 4 i Mt ' "q ; 1 sf ye. , & Ls bs peas Bh _ Dn ( ) oe ; ue Cae ee ; ‘ bi a ity : Js ‘ h 0 2 f ‘ 7 . . ’ A iy 6 a fo cs j od 4 ™ - by " “ a ’ } Hp : wv ' ¢ - » 1 hh L at f 4 : a ef Ls i t i - = ij ¢ , ‘ 4 " st sini i : 7 mys n - & a F » > ® x . ’ : ry r ’ P Damn fh * . - / | @ a a J "Te ; 7h eM 7 we ws 3 ; et oe RA : - y 2 > x : . 4 ° as . ; fl Y = U - * 7 : 4 ‘/ } “ .? ee - ‘ > . o ¢ i . ‘ . ; i 8 f at = t Ly 4 '_ :! a i. a 2» é Py - 9 ’ « } 4 , i ’ U “ia ' \ ’ ] i MK a . , Fs 4 \ { : P hed , nS > { ~ an - i juin : ¢ i li th v1 ,.. a by Lae 4 ay ay he ea ee ad beh mene] * A a * a ae Lt) aw oa pt ‘ » Se GENERAL INFORMATION not allow the frost to remain, as it seems to do in low-lying ground. Proximity to the ocean or any large body of water often gives a more even temperature than is found in inland sections. Near the sea coast of New Eng- land, where cool summers are encountered, wonder- ful beauty is shown by many roses. There is a very interesting list of roses for the locality of Chicago published in ‘‘How to Make a Flower Garden,” in which Mr. W. C. Egan gives his experience with roses near Jackson Park, Chicago. From the list which he selects it would seem that the hardiest Hybrid Teas would do well there, as his article included with the Hybrid Perpetuals sev- eral Hybrid Teas and Teas which are not among our hardiest varieties. On the Pacific Coast roses do wonderfully well. In Santa Barbara, California, they come into bloom before Christmas, and the growing season there begins after the period of summer drought; what we in the East would call early autumn is, in reality, spring in southern California. Farther north on the Pacific Coast roses are most successful. Professor R. T. Stevens, of the University of Cali- fornia, in his very excellent article in the American Rose Annual for 1916, gives the following informa- 193 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING tion which, with the permission of the editor, Mr. McFarland, is quoted verbatim: ‘‘As most people know, roses even in California demand a period of rest if the best results are to be obtained. California winter temperatures are not low enough to produce the necessary degree of dor- mancy, and the rose bush, if irrigated during the summer, will produce an ordinary grade of bloom more or less throughout the year, depending on the type of rose. On the other hand it will, in most cases, not only fail to furnish the finest blooms, but will soon deteriorate and die prematurely, due to the con- tinual forcing of growth. It has become customary, therefore, to force dormancy upon the plants by withholding water in midsummer, a time when, be- cause of dry weather, few good blooms are produced. Toward the close of the spring crop, or about the first of July, depending on the condition of the soil, water is withheld from the plants until the first of September. They are not allowed to suffer, but made to ripen their wood and recuperate from the strain of the season’s bloom. “During August the plants are gone over and all stubs and weak growth removed, after which a heavy mulch of cow-manure and a liberal amount of water are applied. Irrigation is kept up until the first new bud is blown, when it may be discontinued to allow 194 GENERAL INFORMATION the wood to ripen for the winter pruning. In this manner an abundant supply of fall bloom is produced, almost equal to that of spring, while at the same time the plants are insured against an early deterioration. “Heavy pruning is performed in January, at which time the wood of the previous season’s growth is well ripened. In early spring the beds are again mulched and the plants sprayed with Bordeaux as a preventive against mildew. After the rains have ceased, the garden is given a thorough cultivation and overhauling, after which little attention is re- quired until the summer rest, except an occasional irrigation, followed by a superficial working of the soil. Under this treatment the first flowers of the spring crop appear in February or early March, and continue until about the first of July. “The superiority of budded roses is believed to be generally recognized. Some types, especially Teas, are too weak and delicate for ordinary outdoor culture unless worked on a more vigorous root, and the majority seem to be more or less improved when so treated. Budded plants are here not only more vig- orous and longer-lived, but are more adaptable to wet and poor soil conditions, and will produce larger and earlier flowers in greater quantity than own- root plants. “While climbing roses are widely grown in California 195 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING they are not always exhibited to the best advantage. Too often they are seen covering a residence instead of a structure especially built for such purposes. The possibilities of roses of the Noisette type, used on columns, arbors and pergolas as ornamental gar- den features, are great, while many varieties, as the Cherokees, Gloire des Rosomanes and Agrippina, prove particularly adapted to cover fences and to serve as hedges. Because of the mild climate, climb- ing roses are apt to greatly overgrow their position and often become unsightly in shape and appearance. Intelligent pruning and thinning are necessary to correct these conditions. ‘Roses grow easily and bloom freely in this equable climate, but it is believed much finer and more satis- factory results would originate from a close study by the amateur of the correct culture and treatment of the various types of roses adapted to California, with particular reference to their summer rest.” HINTS ON HYBRIDIZATION This chapter would not be complete without fur- ther information on the most interesting part of rose growing, that is, hybridization te secure new varie- ties. The books noted in the chapter on propagation will take the reader very thoroughly through this most fascinating subject, and they should be secured by any one who proposes to attempt such work. 196 Fia. 41 ROSE WITH PETALS REMOVED, SHOWING THE STAMENS AND ANTHERS WHICH BEAR THE POLLEN Fra. 42 SAME ROSE AS FIG 41 WITH MOST OF STAMENS AND ANTHERS REMOVED, SHOWING THE STYLES AND PISTILS—THE FEMALE ORGANS GENERAL INFORMATION It will be found by the person who wishes to have some interesting work for the winter, and who can give up part of his greenhouse, that a great deal may be accomplished even in a limited space. A conservatory would also give one an opportunity to make interesting experiments. The Hybrid Tea list, with the addition of Pernet- Ducher’s Pernetiana, makes this section. of outdoor roses very complete, but there is still a large field to work upon, particularly in the climbing section. Any one who can breed a hardy seedling climber which will bloom reliably from frost to frost will be giving the rose world a most important addition. By securing a few potted plants in the early autumn, quite a number of crosses could be made, although the chances of securing what is desired would not be as great as if one had more plants with which to experiment. As most of the books state, a rose will become fertilized with its own pollen more quickly than by the pollen of any cther rose. The main point for success is to watch most carefully the rose which is to be bred so that before the pollen becomes ripe the anthers and stamens may be removed. It is very easy to tell when the pollen is ripe because it will then drop in small yellow particles upon the petals of the rose, and if one’s finger is rubbed across 197 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING the anthers the yellow dust will at once be noticed. Pluck off the petals of the selected rose before the pollen reaches this stage. After the petals have been removed a small pair of scissors should be used to cut off the anthers. As this is done turn the rose and only take off the stamens from the under side, thus precluding any possibility of the immature pol- len reaching the pistils. Some few of them will be bent over and not yet fully developed, and these should be carefully removed from the plant because later on they will be dangerous to the experiment. The pollen contained on such anthers if kept in the sun will be developed and can be used on any other flower. Having prepared the seed parent or female flower, now secure the pollen from the other parent selected. If the plant from which the pollen is taken is not needed for a seed parent, it will be unnecessary to secure the pollen as above suggested, but the whole flower may be cut. All authorities agree that a bright, warm day is the best on which to breed roses, as in damp, cloudy weather the pollen is not active. When the pollen is falling from the anthers in small, yellow dust, your rose will be properly fertilized, it being only necessary to shake the pollen on to the pistils of the rose selected as a seed parent for the hybridizing to be complete. 198 Fia, 43 SEED POD ON A HYBRID TEA ROSE WHICH HAS BEEN HYBRIDIZED GENERAL INFORMATION After roses have been hybridized, allow the seed pods to develop, and when the weather becomes warm in late spring or early summer take the plants from the greenhouse or conservatory and plant the pots in soil out-of-doors to enable the heps to mature properly. In order to protect seed pods from birds or other interference it is advisable to cover the hybridized plants with wire netting. Towards early autumn the seeds should be taken carefully from the heps and planted, each lot being kept separate. In mature seeds a little rose plant will sprout in a month or thereabouts with greenhouse care, bottom heat, and carefully-selected soil for germination. In the course of another six weeks very small blooms will appear on many of them, with the exception of the climbers. Commercial firms who grow new varieties of out- door roses at once bud or graft on Manetti or Briar stocks to propagate the wood. As arule, inside grafting is not done the latter part of the winter, the sun being too hot. Briar as a stock is not used in indoor work, as during the winter it ‘‘goes to sleep.” For these reasons seedlings of Wichuraiana, of Rugosa and of sorts which grow especially well on their own roots should first be tested on their own roots. 199 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING For a temporary inside test, budding on strong blooming plants will be found to give quick results. After a satisfactory test, the surest and best method to increase the stock is to bud the varieties outside the following August. The plant is then ready for the outdoor ordeal if it is to be used as a garden variety. It will thus be seen how much time is required before a new variety may be passed upon as of value. In experiments with cuttings and with budding it was found that while the information contained in the text books on these subjects seemed very com- plete, work was not successful until instruction was received from men who did this work themselves. Cuttings are so generally used in greenhouse work that it is easy for anyone who wishes to make them to learn at first hand how the operation is accom- plished; but they are only valuable for the hardiest varieties. Budding is more difficult, and it is doubtful whether it would pay the average amateur. Those who desire to bud on a large scale should buy the books previously referred to, in which the descrip- tions are most accurate and thorough, but they should also take a lesson from some practical budder. The disadvantage of budding is the length of time required to secure results. It is necessary in the fall 200 GENERAL INFORMATION to procure seeds of the stock to be used. There is then the work of planting these seeds in February, taking care of the young seedlings, and setting them out in nursery rows as soon as the weather is suitable. Such seedlings are ready for budding in August of the same year. After they have been budded they are ordinarily left until the following spring when, if the bud takes, flowers will be produced. These plants can be moved only in the spring at great risk, and should be carried over in the nursery beds until the fall, when they may be moved. It therefore takes a year from the time the seed is gathered before the budded plant may be placed in its garden bed. Other methods are to procure plants or cuttings of the stock desired, place them in nursery rows in the fall or following spring, and bud them likewise in August, after which time the procedure is the same. On the other hand, with the majority of field- grown, budded stock selling at an average of fifty cents apiece, the amateur may secure his plants in one fall and have bloom the following spring, thereby saving a@ year. A quicker method, but which requires the use of a greenhouse, is to have the stocks budded in August, and in the fall when the plants become dormant, pot and give greenhouse care during the winter. Such plants are put out in the spring after the season is 201 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING settled, and by this method blooms on new varieties and tests of new seedlings are quickly secured. The disadvantages are: First, the great amount of care necessitated by the greenhouse; and second, the fact that after the plants are removed to the garden beds they have already had a considerable period of growth and their constitutions are impaired by the lengthened outdoor season before dormancy again prevails in the fall. All this work, however, is most interesting for those who desire to go into rose growing to the fullest extent. There is one point, not generally mentioned in the books on budding, which seems to be worth recording. Most handbooks advise that after the bud is cut, the wood be removed from the bark and only the bark with the small immature bud left. This result is obtained by a quick short jerk which severs the weak and immature bud from the hard wood of the cane. This was found most difficult to accomplish, as unless the plant was in exactly the right condition, the immature bud was often broken. The men who taught budding did not use this method, but after cutting the bud, shaved the same down until there was only a very small portion of wood left with a large surface of bark. In this shaving down, the point emphasized was that the edges should be as clean as possible. This expla- 202 GENERAL INFORMATION nation will be understood in conjunction with any book on budding. Where a grower is unable to procure additional plants of a particular rose it is suggested that he send wood of the variety to the nearest nurseryman, who can bud it for him. For those who wish to grow roses for exhibition, the method has generally been to bud in August and cut the flowers in the following spring from the budded growth, as the first or maiden bloom on such plants is usually finer than that on two- and three- year-old bushes. INDEX A Admiral Dewy rose, 35 Admiral Ward rose, 105 Alice Lemon rose, 78 Aimée Cochet rose, 35 Alexandra Zarifi rose, 116 Alex. Hill Gray rose, 65, 78 Alister Stella Gray rose (Noi- sette), 126 Alpina roses, propagation of, by suckers, 17 All-around best roses, 32-97 American growers, advantages of buying from, 147 American Pillar rose, 123 Annchen Muller rose, 113 Annie Besant rose, 78 Antoine Rivoire rose, 35, 43, 48, 154, 155 Aphides, or green flies, 178 Ards Rover rose, 119 Arethusa rose, 115 Ashes as a fertilizer, 176 Atropurpurea rose, 112 Autumn planting, advantage, 150 Aviateur Bleriot rose, 124 B Baby Ramblers, 117, 123 Banksian rose, 127, 131 Bardou Job, 116 Baroness Rothschild rose, 110 Beauté Ineonstante rose, 78 Beds, care of, 138 composition, 136, 141 design—suggestions, 135 drainage, 142 finished, 144 for autumn planting, 145 location and preparation, Wisi, IBY soil, soils, 136, 143, 144 Belle Lyonnaise rose (tea), 126 Belle Siebrecht rose, 36, 78 Best all-around roses, 32, 97 Betty rose, 64, 79 Black spot, cure for, 182, 184, 187 Blane Double de Coubert rose, 112 Blanche Frowein rose, 126 Blanche Moreau rose, 114 Blood as a fertilizer, 177 Bone meal, 176 Bouche rose, 117 Bouquet rose, 126 Bourbon Perpetual rose, 30, 174 Boytard rose, sport from (Ecarlate), 25 Breeding new varieties, 25 methods kept secret, 34 table of main varieties, 30 Briar, 63, 159 stocks for budding, 41, 76 160 for grafting, 24, 199 Bridesmaid rose, 35 205 INDEX Budded roses, 20, 22, 23, 201 advantages of, 21, 22 objections to, 20 Budding, 15, 18, 19, 22, 200 Buds, small, removal of, 177 Bugs or beetles, 180 Cc Camoens rose, (Eearlate), 25 Captain Hayward rose, 109, 110 Cardinal rose, 57 Carmine Pillar rose, 122 Caroline Testout rose, 35, 55, 119, 126, 166 Cecile Brunner, climbing, 113, ie}, ey Cecile Custers rose, 79 Céline Forestier rose, 126 Ceres rose, 125 sport from Characteristics of prominent roses, 32 Chateau de Clos Vougeot rose, 57, 62 Cheerful rose, 105 China roses, 108, 114, 174 Chrissie MacKeller rose, 65, 70, 117 Christine Wright rose, 119 Clarice Goodacre rose, 79 Classification—maine varieties, 78-97 Cleveland rose, 105 Clothilde Soupert rose, 113 Climate, American, influence of, on European roses, 38, 40, 190 Climbers, 38, 118, planting, 128 121-125 Climbers, pruning, 129 Wichuraiana, 121 Climbing American Beauty rose, 119 Climbing Clothilde Soupert rose, 123 Climbing Hybrid Tea _ roses, 118, 120, 122 Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, 120 Climbing Lady Ashtown rose, 120 Climbing Madame Melanie Sou- pert rose, 120 Climbing Mrs. rose, 120 Climbing Richmond rose, 126 Cloth of Gold rose, 126 Colors and shades, 40, 42, 94 Comte G. de Rochemur rose, 56, 58 Comtesse de Rafelis St. Sau- veur rose, 105 Comtesse du Cayla rose, 79, 117 Conrad Ferdinand Meyer rose, 112 Constance rose, 79 Coquette de Lyon rose, 36 Cordelia rose, 126 Countess of Shaftsbury 79 Crimson Baby Rambler, 123 Crushed stone for under-drain- age, 142 Cultivation, 176 Cutting, of flowers, 172, 173 varieties for, 50, 57, 64 W. J. Grant rose, 206 INDEX Cutting off bushy tops in late autumn, 184 Cuttings, 15, 17, 18, 21, 200 C. W. Cowan rose, 60, 79 D Daily Mail rose, 64, 66, 164 Damask Hybrids, 30, 33 propagation of, 17 Perpetual, 33 Dane rose, 125 Dean Hole rose, 79 Decorative Roses, 44, 57, 68, 117, 128 Diagram showing location of each rose should be kept, 154, 155 Disbudding, 177 Diseases, 177, 178 remedies, 187 Dr. Gill rose, 35 Dr. W. Van Fleet rose, 121 Dolly Varden rose, 112 Dorothy Page Roberts rose, 80 Dorothy Perkins rose, 124 Dorothy Ratcliffe rose, 80 Double Killarney rose, 26 Ducher rose, 80 Duchess of Albany rose, 25 Duchess of Sutherland rose, 80 Duchess of Wellington rose, 64, 65, 154, 155 Duchess of Westminster rose, 80 Duisburg rose, 80 Druschki rose (see Frau Karl Druschki) Dwarfs (bushes) ards, 38, 40 Dwarf Polyanthas, 113 and _ stand- E Earl of Warwick rose, 80 Kearlate rose, a sport from Camoens, 25, 57, 63 Kdmée Metz rose, 35 Edu Meyer rose, 81 Edward Mawley rose, 81 Eliza Robichon rose, 124 Ellen Poulsen rose, 113 Ellen Willmott rose, 81 Elli Hartmann rose, 64, 68 Etincelante rose, 81 Etoile de France rose, 81 Etoile d’Or rose, 113 Eugene Beauharnais rose, 115 Eugene Boullet rose, 81 Evangeline rose, 124 Evergreen Gem rose, 123 Excelsa rose, 124 F Fabier rose, 115 Farben Kénigin rose, 81 Feeding, 176 Ferdinand Jamin rose, 35 Fisher Holmes rose, 35, 110 Flies, green, 178 Florence Pemberton rose, 81 Flowers, number of, in a season, 163 Foreword, 7 Formaldehyde for spraying, 182 Form, 100 Fortune’s yellow rose, 131 Forty-eight best roses, 42 Frau Bertha Kiese rose, 81 Frau Karl Druschki rose, 35, 43, 81, 109, 110, 111 207 INDEX Frau Margrethe Moller rose, 50, 52 Frau Math. Noehl rose, 82 Friefrau Ida von Schubert rose, 60 Freiherr von 82 Frost, protection of soil from, for late autumn planting, 145 E. R. Patzer rose, 82 Furstin von Pless rose, 127 Marschall rose, G Galatea rose, 125 Gardenia rose, 124 Gartendirector Hartrath 82 General Jacqueminot rose, 34, 122 ‘General MacArthur rose, 28, 57, 60, 154, 155 General-Superior Arnold Jan- sen rose, 82 Geoffrey Henslow rose, 110 George Arends rose, 110 George C. Waud rose, 57, 59 George Elger rose, 113 George Laing Paul rose, 35 Gloire de Dijon rose, 126 Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau rose, 110 Gloire Lyonnaise rose, 110 Gloire des Rosomanes rose, 196 Golden Meyer rose, 105 Goldfinch rose, 122, 124 Gorgeous rose, 106 Grace Molyneux rose, 82 Grafting, 15, 23, 24 Grange Colombe rose, 44 rose, Green flies, destruction of, 178 Greenhouse for hybridization, 31 Grossherzog Friedrich rose, 50, 51 Ground, cultivation, 179 Gruss an Aachen rose, 47, 113 Gruss an Teplitz rose, 57, 62, I) LUPady Gustav Grunerwald rose, 82 H Harry Kirk rose, 64, 65, 109, 128 Habit, 101 Hadley rose, 106 Hansa rose, 112 Heinrich Schultheis rose, sports from, 27 Helen Good rese, 83 Hermosa rose, 83 Herzogin Marie Antoinette rose, 83 H. F. Eilers rose, 83 Hiawatha rose, 28, 122, 124 Hilling up late in autumn, 184, 185 Hoeing, 179 Hon. Ina Bingham rose, 110, 137 Hoosier Beauty rose, 106 Hugo Roller rose, 83 H. V. Machin rose, 83 Hybrid Austrian Briars (Per- netianas), 37, 114 Bourbon rose, 114 China roses, 22, 30, 33, 108, 114 208 INDEX Hybrid Perpetual roses, 22, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 43, 108; 109, 11I, 132; 153, 173, 185, 191, 193 Perpetual roses, ancestors of, 29, 30 Tea roses, 22, 26, 27-30, 36, 37, 39, 41, 48-55, 58-70, 105, V11, 14, T16é=1205 127 L285 153, L60SnG3: 166, 185, 193 Tea climbers, 132, 190 Polyanthas, 122, 129, 132, 190 Rugosa rose, 112 Wichuraiana roses, 131, 132, 186 Hybridization, 29, 30, 190, 196 Hybrids, seeds from, useless, 16 I Imogen rose, 106 Indica Odorata rose, 30 Individual qualities, 98 Information, general, 190 Irish Beauty rose, 116 Irish Brightness rose, 116 Irish Elegance rose, 116 Irish Glory rose, 116 Irish Harmony rose, 116 Irish roses, single, 117 J Jacqueminot rose (see General Jacqueminot ) Jacques Porcher rose, 44, 45 Jacques Vincent rose, 83 209 Japanese Multiflora, stocks for budding, 19, 149 Jean Note rose, 83 Jean Girin rose, 125 Jessie rose, 113 Joseph Hill rose, 83, 154, 155 Juliet rose, 84 K Kaiserin Augusta Victoria rose, 36, 84, 121 Katherine Zeimet rose, 113 Key to classification, 79 Killarney rose, 40, 54, 154, 155 new varieties of (sports), 25 Killarney Brilliant rose, 84 Killarney Queen rose, 84 Konigin Carola rose, 84 L La Detroit rose, 35 La France rose, 25, 33, 36, 50, 56, 137 dark, 25 La Tosca rose, 44, 49 Lady Alice Stanley rose, 50, 53 Lady Ashtown rose, 50, 84 Lady Barham rose, 84 Lady Battersea rose, 84 Lady de Bathe rose, 85 Lady Downe rose, 85 Lady Dunleath rose, 85 Lady Greenall rose, 85 Lady Hillingdon rose, 85 Lady Katherine rose, 85 Lady Margaret Boscawen rose, 85 Lady Mary Fitzwilliam rose, 35 INDEX Lady Mary Ward rose, 85 Lady Penzance rose, 115 Lady Pirrie rose, 64 Lady Plymouth rose, 64, 69 Lady Ursula rose, 85, 117, 127, 128 Laurette Messimy rose, 115 Le Mexique Wichuraiana rose, 125 Lena rose, 86 Leonie Lamesch rose, 113 Leuchfeuer rose, 115 Lieutenant Chaure rose, 57, 61 Liquid manure, 177 Litter for winter protection, 185, 186 Location and preparation of beds, 133 Lord Penzance rose, 115 Los Angeles rose, 106 Louise-Catherine Breslau rose, 86 Louise Welter rose, 86 Lucida roses, propagation of, from suckers, 17 Lucien Chaure rose, 86 Ludwig Moller rose (yellow Hybrid Perpetual), 111 Lutea rose, 37 Lyon rose, 37, 87, 137 M Mabel Drew rose, 87 Madame Abel Chatenay rose, 87 Madame Alfred Carriere rose, 126 Madame Bardou Job rose, 87 Madame Bravy rose, 33, 34 Madame Bérard rose, 34, 122) Madame Caroline Testout (see Caroline Testout) Madame Charles Dubreuil rose, 87 Madame Charles Lutlaud rose, 87 Madame Charles Worth rose, 112 Madame Colette Martinet rose, 106 Madame Edmée Metz rose, 35, 87 Madame Edmond Rostand rose, 87 Madame Edouard Herriot rose, 37, 66 Madame Eugene Resal rose, 115 Madame Gabriel Luizet rose, 110 Madame Hector Leuillot rose, 121 Madame Jenny Guillemot rose, 88 Madame Jules Grolez rose, 88 Madame Levavasseur rose, 113 Madame Leon Pain rose, 52 Madame Marcel Delanney rose, 106 Madame Maurice de Luze rose, 50, 53 Madame Melanie Soupert rose, 64, 68 Madame Phillippe Rivoire rose, 88 Madame Ravary rose, 88 Madame Rodolphe Arnaud rose, 88 Madame Segond Weber rose, 50 Dl 210 INDEX Madame Vermorel rose, 88 Madame Victor Verdier rose, 33 Madame Wagram, Comtesse de Turenne rose, 88 Mdlle. Marie Mascuraud rose, 88 Mdlle. Simone Beaumez rose, 49 Main list of roses, 71, 78-97 Majestic rose, 89 Maman Cochet rose, 65, 89 Manetti stocks for budding, 19, 160 Manetti stocks for grafting, 24, 199 Manure, 157, 176, 177 Marcella rose, 106 Marechal Niel rose, 126 Margaret Dickson rose, 109, 110 Margherita Croze rose, 89 Marie-Jeanne rose, 123 Marie Pavie rose, 113 Marie Schmitt rose, 89 Marie Van Houtte rose, 89 Marquise de Ganay rose, 89 Marquise de Sinety rose, 89 Mary, Countess of Ilchester rose, 89 Mary Lovett rose (white Dr. Van Fleet), 121 Melanie Niedieck rose, 106 Merveille de Lyon rose, 35, 110 Mevrouw Dora Van Tets rose, 89 Mildew, 180, 181 Mireille rose, 89 Miss Alice De Rothschild rose, 89 Miss Cynthia Ford rose, 90 Miss G. Messman rose, 123 Miss Muriel Jamison rose, 116 Miss O. G. Orpen rose, 116 Molly Sharman Crawford rose, 90 Moonlight rose, 125 Mrs. Aaron Ward rose, 67 Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo rose, 90 Mrs. Amy Hammond rose, 90 Mrs. Anthony Waterer rose, 107 Mrs. Arthur E. E. Coxhead Tose, 90 Mrs. A. R. Waddell rose, 65, 70 Mrs. Bertram J. Walker rose, 107 Mrs. B. R. Cante rose, 57, 62 Mrs. Bosanquet rose, 115 Mrs. Charles Custis Harrison rose, 90 Mrs. Charles E. Allen rose, 90 Mrs. Charles E. Pearson rose, 9} Mrs. Charles Reed rose, 91 Mrs. Charles Russell rose, 91 Mrs. David Baillie rose, 91 . David Jardine rose, 91 - Dudley Cross rose, 65, 91 . Edward Powel rose, 91 . E. Townsend rose, 91 . Forde rose, 91 . Foley-Hobbs rose, 91 . Frank Bray rose, 92 . Franklin Dennison rose, 107 Mrs. Frederick W. Vanderbilt Tose, 92 Mrs. Fred Straker rose, 92 Mrs. George Dickson rose, 110 Mrs. George Gordan rose, 107 211 INDEX Mrs. George Shawyer rose, 50, 54 Mrs. Harkness rose, 27 Mrs. Harold Brocklebank rose, 43, 48 Mrs. Herbert Hawksworth rose, 47 Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Hubert Taylor rose, 92 Hugh Dickson rose, 107 John Laing rose, 109, 110 Joseph H. Welch rose, 92 Leonard Petrie rose, 93 Longworth rose, 35, 93 Mrs. MackKellar rose, 107 Mrs. Mona Hunting rose, 107 Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawford rose, 110 Mrs. Richard Draper rose, 93 Mrs. 8. T. Wright rose, 93 Mrs. T. Hillas rose, 93 Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller rose, 93 Mrs. Walter Easlea rose, 93 Mrs. Ward rose, 64 Mrs. W. J. Grant rose, 36, 78 climbing, 120 Mrs. Wemyss Quin rose, 93 Molly Sharman Crawford rose, 90 Moss, 138-141, 152, 180 Moss roses, 114 Mulching with peat moss, 138- 141 with spent hops, 141 with cut grass, 141 Multifiora, 41, 63, 76, 122 Muriel Dickson rose, 107 Musk rose, 30 My Maryland rose, 28, 94 N Natalie Bottner rose, 64, 66 National Emblem rose, 107 Nellie Parker rose, 107 New varieties, development, 25 Noisette roses, 30, 126, 128, 132, 190, 196 Novelty, 98 O Odette Pedriolle rose, 94 Old Austrian Briar rose, 109 Old Gold rose, 94 Ophelia rose, 48, 44, 45 Ordering, importance of care in, 146 Orleans rose, 113, 123 Oskar Cordel rose, 109, 110 Own-root roses, 22 P Panama, 28, 107 Paul Neyron rose, 109, 111 Paul’s Early Blush rose, 26, 27 Peat moss for rose beds, 138-— 141, 180 Periods of blooming, 163 Perle von Godesberg rose, 94 Pernetiana rose, 22, 30, 37, 41, 107, 109, 114, 197 Perpetual Hybrids, 22, 27, 29, 30, 109, 111 Persian Yellow rose, 16, 109 briar (Lutez), 30 Pests, 178 remedies, 178-180 Petallage, 101 Pharisaer rose, 46 Pinching off superfluous blooms, 173 212 INDEX Pink Cherokee rose, 127 Planting, beds, and preparation, 133-137 general instructions, 133, 134, 153, 155, 157 late autumn, advantage, 150 of climbers, 128 rules for, 136, 153, 156-159 Plants, acclimated, 148 autumn, 145 budded—field grown—dor- mant, 147 grafted—small, 39 ordering of, 146 own root, 22 Polyantha, 47 Polyantha Aglaia rose, 122 Polyantha, dwarf, 123 Polyantha Orleans rose, 123 Polyanthas, climbing, 117, 122, 123, 192 President Carnot rose, 154 President W. H. Taft rose, 94 Primrose, 94 Primula rose, 113 Prince Charming rose, 107 Prince Camille de Rohan rose, 111 Prince de Bulgarie rose, 94 Prince Mohamed Ali Pacha rose, 95 Princess Adelaide rose, 114 Principal A. H. Pirie rose, 95 Propagation by suckers, 17 established varieties, 15 new varieties, 25 Protection from autumn frosts, 184 Protection, general, 184 of standards, 186 wall—wind—winter, 191 Provence hybrids, propagation of, from suckers, 17° Pruning, general, 161-175 in late autumn, 171 rules for, 175 of climbers, 129, 132 Q Queen Mary rose, 95 Queen Mab rose, 115 Queen of Fragrance rose, 108 R Radiance rose, 28, 50 Ramona rose, 127 Rayon d’Or rose, 95 Red Admiral rose, 95 Red Four Seasons rose, 30 Red Letter Day rose, 95 Reine Marie Henriette rose, 34, 122) Remedies, pests and diseases, 177, 178 Red Radiance rose, 108 tichmond rose, 95 climbing, 121 Robert Heller rose, 95 Robert Huey rose, 57, 58 Robin Hood rose, 57, 59 Rochemur rose (see Comte GQ. de Rochemur ) Rodhatte rose, 113 Roots of roses, care Ot lb2: 158 feeding of, 176 spreading out, 156-158 213 INDEX Roots of trees, protection from, 133 Rosa Moschata, 30 Rosa Rugosa Alba, 112 Rosa Rugosa Rosea, 112 Rosa Rugosa Rubra, 112 Rosa Wichuraiana, 125 Roses, best of each main color, 43 sq., 71 blooming, 101, 102 breeding—main varieties, 32 budded, 19, 23, 148 budding, 19 classification of, 43-71 climbers, 118 color, 99. cultivation, 176 dwarfs, 38 form, 73-98, 100 foreign—color varying, 40 for garden decoration, 44, 57 fragrance of, 99 hardiness, 73, 102 individual qualities, 98 in California, 194 pedigree, 34, 35 sixteen best, 41 forty-eight best, 42 standards, 38, 186 types for exhibition, 101 Rosita Mauri rose, 95 Rugosas and their hybrids, 112 for the far north, 128 propagated by suckers, 17, 117 stocks for budding, 20 Rugosa roses, 174, 199 Rust, 187 Rules for planting, 133 S Safrano rose, 95 Section, light colored, 43 pink, 50 red, 56 yellow, 64 Seedlings, 25, 27, 28 Seeds, established varieties, 16 hybrids, 16 Senateur Mascuraud, 64, 67 Shape, 100 Shoots from below the bud, 20 Shower of Gold rose, 126, 127 Silver Moon rose, 125 Single roses, 115 Sixteen best roses, 41 Slugs, destruction of, 180 Soleil d’Angers rose, 96 Soleil d’Or rose, 96, 109, 111 Soil, most suitable, 136 Souv. de Gustave Prat rose, 96 Souv. de M. Verdier rose, 35 Souv. du President Carnot rose, 43, 46, 121, 155 Souvenir of Henry Graham rose, 108 Specimen score card, 104 Spinosissima roses, propagation of, by suckers, 17 Sports, 25 rarity of, 27 valuable novelties, 27 Spraying to kill aphides, 178 Standards and dwarfs (or bushes), 38 214 INDEX Standards, protection of, in winter, 38, 186 Weeping, 38 Staking, 163 Stem, 103 Stocks of plants kept on sale, 147 Stocks, Briar, 19, 24 budded — dormant — field- grown, acclimated, 147 Japanese multiflora, 19, 149 Manetti, 19, 24 Rugosa, 17 shoots from, below the bud, 20 Substance, 100 Suckers, 17, 155 Sunburst rose, 96 Suzanne Marie rose, 111 Sweetheart rose, 28 aL Tausendschon rose, 125 Tea roses, 22, 37, 38, 39, 153, 160, 196, 193 climbing, 118, 190-192 Teplitz rose (see Gruss an Teplitz) Tipperary rose, 108 Titania rose, 108 Tongueing (see Layering), 16, 17 Turner’s Crimson Rambler, 122 U Ulrich Brunner rose, 111 Under drainage, 142 Urania rose, 109, 111 Rodocanachi V Varieties, best, 32, 41, 78 sq. established, 15 introducers of new, 26 main list, 78-97 new, 39 propagation of new, 23, 25 Veilchenblau rose, 125 Viridiflora rose, 115 Viscountess Enfield rose, 97 Viscountess Folkstone rose, 35 WwW Waltham Scarlet rose, 97 W. A. Richardson rose, 127 Watering, 140, 177, 179 White Killarney rose, 97 White Maman Cochet rose, 97 White tussock moth, 188, 189 Wichuraianas, 119, 121, 192, 199 William R. Smith rose, 97 Wm. Shean rose, 97 Wild roses, 116 Willowmere rose, 97 Wind breaks, 134, 191 Winter Cheer rose, 125 Wintering roses, 190 sq.; re- ceived late in autumn, 147, 148 Wood ashes as a fertilizer, 176 x Xavier Olibo rose, 111 ny; Yvonne Rabier rose, 113 215 ROSE DEVELOPMENT FROM 1917 TO 1920 ROSE DEVELOPMENT FROM 1917 TO 1920 SrnceE the fall of 1916 a number of very interesting and valuable new roses have appeared, and there are other important changes in rose conditions in America. Owing to lack of space, information relative to such advances must be given in outline. All the methods already described have proved their worth; but emphasis must again be laid upon the superior value of the budded rose for outside culture as com- pared with the own root plant, except in hardy climbers and some other very vigorous varieties. The new law, restricting foreign importations, should be of benefit to American outdoor rose lovers for three reasons: first, it will stimulate the production of new American roses; second, it will cause more roses to be propagated outdoors in this country on the most suitable stocks; third, it will keep both suitable and unsuitable foreign varieties from being imported on unsuitable stocks. Already fine American introductions have ap- peared, and the testing of these is amply provided for in the new test garden in Portland, Oregon, and by other test gardens throughout the country, all of which, under the guidance of the American Rose Society, are of the utmost value to the future of the rose. 219 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING One new stock, Glorie des Rosomanes (Ragged Robin) has been tried in California by Howard & Smith of Los Angeles, and has been found to do well there. It has also been sold throughout the East, and so far has a good record. Taking up the classes of roses in order: Hybrid Perpetuals show nothing new. ; Hybrid Teas and Pernetianas have, as usual, many introductions, a few of which may be recommended. Among the indoor roses used commercially it is pleasing to find some of merit for outdoor work, and here the future holds promise, especially in the productions of E. G. Hill of Richmond, Indiana. The following Hybrid Teas and Pernetianas may be recommended as ranking closely with the first forty-eight noted in Chapter II. The list given includes only those which are the very best of the new roses, or which have improved as old ones. In the light-colored section Mrs. MacKE.uar has proved to be the best rose. It is a light lemon yellow which fades to cream flesh; itis good for cutting and gives a total of twenty-eight blooms; the habit, growth, foliage and stem are all good. Mrs. FRANKLIN DENNISON, catalogued, ‘porcelain white, varied primrose yellow deepening to ochre base,” is a good cutting rose, with good stem; twenty-two petals; gives seventeen blooms. CuaricE Goopacre, already mentioned, is another good cutting rose; but is a shy bloomer. Among the light decoratives, Gustave RrciIs comes next to Boucne. It is best in spring and is catalogued, ‘‘wax yellow at base of petals, cream in centre”; a single rose with fine bud form, giving over fifty blooms during the season. The new rose, PEAcE, is a smaller grower, besides being a small rose; but it gives a wonderful September bloom and totals eighty- five flowers during the season; its form and substance are fair; it has a total of forty-four petals; the bud is yellow, opening lighter, sometimes with light pink markings. Among the pinks, the well-known hot-house rose, CoLUMBIA, stands out and shows distinct merit; it averages thirty blooms in its second season, and is a good cutting rose of wonderful form and fine fragrance. Two varieties in the red section should have special mention. Rep REtIANcE closely approaches its parent (‘‘Radiance,” see page 50) and is strong and hardy, a good rose for all purposes. BLOOMFIELD PROGRESS is a strong red, of good growth, with the color of MacArthur, but holding its centre better and giving a larger flower in hot weather; tested since 1914; of fair form with good 220 BLOOMFIELD PROGRESS (Description page 220) ERES C ars old) o ye (Tw TRANSON r PAUL ROSE DEVELOPMENT FROM 1917 TO 1920 perfume and stem, and an average of fifty blooms*; it holds its foliage well and blooms until stopped by frost. The yellow section has fortunately produced some fine new varieties. Los ANGELES, already spoken of under “ New Intro- ductions”’ has made a fine record. It is a flame pink, shaded coral with gold at the base—a new color; averages here in its second year twenty-five blooms; but has the fault of losing its foliage early; it needs careful winter protection, especially north of Philadelphia. Mrs. Dunuop Besr is an attractive orange yellow in bud; lighter when opening; it has thirty-six petals and will average thirty-five blooms in its second year; a good cutting rose with fine lasting qualities and good, bushy habit; must be placed with the best of the Yellows. Gotprn Ems tro is a Pernetiana of dark yellow to orange; only a fair grower, with the fault so general to its class, of losing its foliage early; averages twenty-one blooms. JOHANNA Brinpce displaces Chrissie MacKellar as the best yellow decorative. This rose is hardy and a fine, tall grower of good habit and profuse blooming qualities; it is a single; copper pink in bud, turning lighter when open; it averages one hundred blooms. In the new types of more or less ever-blooming, hardy, climbing pillar roses, the following are the best as noted: other roses of this class have failed utterly; the first four were bred by Rev. J. H. Pem- berton of England, who has done so much for the rose world, and who may well be proud of the record his productions have made in America. Moonticut.—Fairly hardy; should have winter protection; growth, six feet and over; small, double, white, in clusters; blooms on old and new wood; gives scattering second crop in July; during August and later only a very occasional bloom. Dana&.—A stronger and hardier grower than Moonlight; small double, light yellow, in clusters; fades to cream white; blooms on old and new wood; height from six to ten feet; furnishing a second crop. Later, like Moonlight, it only gives a few, scattered blooms. Crres.—Growth, eight feet; a nice first bloom, followed in the middle and last of July by a good second crop; color is blush with yellow shading; of good size; semi-double; blooms singly; scattered flowers in August and none later; needs protection. Winter CuEer.—Growth, six feet; blooms a second time on old wood and at extremities of new canes of three to four feet; blooms in clusters and is semi-double; dark red; practically no bloom after July; needs protection. CLyTemNEstTRA.—Must also be noted among the balance of the so-called ever-blooming hardy climbers. Its color is orange pink turning to cream, sixteen petals; it blooms on old and new wood; height, five to six feet; not as bushy as Danz; blooms until October, good dark green waxy foliage; flowers in sprays and singly. * May be secured from Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J. 221 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Two of our own new introductions, hereafter described, are Hedge or Pillar roses: BLOOMFIELD PERPETUAL is a strong, bushy hedge rose which if not cut back, grows in two to three years to a height of five feet; it will bloom constantly and prolifically from June to frost, and is hardy. The flowers are single, white, three to five inches across, and the perfume is that of the Cherokee; the foliage is varnished dark green when old, light green when young; the latter is slightly susceptible to mildew. It should be budded.on Multiflora and only thinned in the spring, not cut back. Owing to its numerous and continuous blooms, it is necessary to cut off the pods after the petals have fallen. In brief, it is a hardy, low growing Cherokee, although of entirely different breeding.* BLOOMFIELD ABUNDANCE is a low hedge rose or, if not cut back, a five to six foot pillar rose; does not winter kill; blooms in sprays; something like Cecile Brunner only larger; color salmon pink; it is double and lasting; blooms continuously and prolifically from June to frost; foliage nearly perfect, dark green varnished. A dainty little rose and absolutely new.t GoLpDEN RAMBLER is an ever-blooming, yellow cluster rose of rather straggly growth, which attains a height of five to six feet. It is small, double and blooms in sprays giving continual bloom throughout the season; its foliage is usually good; needs protection. In addition to these introductions, the rose GLoRIE DE Dison continues to live up to or to excel all that has been said for it (see page 126). During 1919 it grew to the height of fifteen feet and bloomed constantly all summer and until frost; it must be protected. The old rose, BELLE Lyonnaisx, will do almost as well as Dijon. It is lighter in color, varying from light yellow to cream. MapaM JULES GRAVEREAUX also does well. It is a light pink, large, of good form, with Tea perfume. After its spring bloom it gives a number of flowers during the summer and fall. The Hybrid Tea climbers have as a class proved as disappointing as ever. They are very susceptible to mildew and usually bloom only once. Climbing Katsrrtn Aucusta VicroriA and Lapy ASHTOWN are the best of those already noted. They are well worthy of cultiva- tion; but need the same protection as Glorie de Dijon. The newly tested Hybrid Tea climber Mapam JuLEs GROLEz also has done exceptionally well. This variety blooms constantly all season and is strongly recommended. Same flowers as the dwarf. (See page 88.) t One rose stands out as fulfilling the conditions of an ever-blooming hardy climber. This is the climbing form of Gruss aN TEPLITz. It takes time to become established; and if it does not bloom well * May besecured from Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J. + May be secured from Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J., or A. N. Pierson Co., Cromwell, Conn. 222 BLOOMFIELD ABUNDANCE (Description page 222) DOCTOR HUEY (Description page 223) ROSE DEVELOPMENT FROM 1917 TO 1920 after its second year, it should be root pruned or moved to insure blooming wood. Its habit is most vigorous and hardy and when well grown it blooms most prolifically from spring until frost. This rose is in a class by itself, its only fault is a slight tendency to mil- dew, which may be controlled. It must be given a situation in the open away from a wall or building. In hardy climbing roses with one period of bloom two new ones have appeared which are absolutely distinct and worth while. Paul of England has put out Pavuu’s ScaRLeT-CLIMBER, a rose of fine form and splendid habit. It is a brilliant scarlet and is a fine acquisition to this section. It has been our good fortune to breed a crimson maroon climber which Dr. Robert Huey has chosen from among our seedlings to bear his name. This rose is a very dark color and blooms most profusely during its season. It is semi-double and retains its petals and color for a long period, besides being of vigorous growth.* Among the other hardy roses tested, two old introductions have shown so much beauty that they should be added as equal to the best of the Wichurianas; viz., PAuL TRANSON, apricot, and ALBERIC BaRBIER, yellow. In culture, valuable improvement in the treat- ment of black spot and mildew has been brought to notice by Doctor Huey, who found it practiced in the garden of Edwin M. Rosenbluth of Walling- ford, Pennsylvania, whose roses are so noticeably free from these evils that with his permission the methods used are given in full, with appreciation of his courtesy. First—Affected foliage must be removed both from the plants and ground and afterwards burned. In an aggravated case, it Would be well to first spray with Bordeaux Mixture, using five ounces of the paste to a gallon of water. Second—If late in the season, all foliage should be removed—say within a period of two weeks—and burned. Third—During the first part of November the beds should receive a very light dressing of Commercial Sulphate of Iron. In severe cases repeat this in the spring, on removing the litter, and use also a light spray of Bordeaux Mixture. Fourth—About May fifth start spraying lightly with Ammoniacal * May be secured from Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J., or from A. N. Pierson Co., of Cromwell, Conn. 223 OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING Carbonate of Copper Solution and repeat every five days or once a week. Fifth—Insect pests are contributory factors in spreading dis- ease and should be controlled. (Chapter IX.) Sixth—Varieties particularly susceptible to spot, such as Lyon Rose or Juliet, should be taken out and burned. * Seventh—In severe cases after the main blooming season in June, spray July 5th with Bordeaux, repeating every three or four weeks. (Suspend Copper Solution while using Bordeaux.) Formula for Carbonate of Copper Ammoniacal Solution: 5 gallons of Water. 14 ounce Copper Carbonate (chemically pure). It is vitally important that this be chemically pure. 4 4-5 ounces Ammonia Water, 16 degrees—10%. The Ammonia is diluted in seven to eight parts of water. The Copper solution is made into a paste with a little water and then added to the diluted Ammonia after which water is added up to a five-gallon total. Since 1912 experiments in hybridization have been carried out in our testing grounds and greenhouses. The first four Bloomfield varieties selected from many seedlings and as noted in this chapter, will now be put upon the market by the growers named. Before selecting these new roses, they were tested for five years not only at home but by other ama- teurs and nurserymen in other parts of the country. The wood was not sold but was given to the nursery- men and the price of the plants is restricted to the price of varieties of like kinds sold by the same firms. By this means the rose public will be able to secure these novelties at a reasonable figure and not at the high price generally paid for new varieties. The writer takes this occasion to thank the firms producing his novelties, for their willingness to help the outdoor rose public by propagating and selling these new varieties at the small profit possible. ALEX. HILL GRAY (Description page 78) if 4 " Pe! { 7 d ALICE LEMON (Description page 78) ANNIE BESANT (Description page 78) BEAUTE INCONSTANTE (Description page 78) BETTY (Description page 79) CARINE Hybrid Tea Aupx. Dickson & Sons, 1911 A weak grower, not hardy in Middle Atlantic States A Collector’s rose; below standard. a Py CONSTANCE (Description page 79) Sa ee Ce ee ee Fen: apg ; a pererie , « y : - ¢ pe ; P 4 ’ : Fie ‘ 7 é ’ ‘ " is ' ‘ rr %/ y Lm é +e) “ - sf an ) , > A : ‘ 7< co ii ~ hat y ’ 1 / “lS : : say i re i Ae an id - ae FT eee ; ps ye a tar be Wek © B oige Sk ihat, | CO PR gare . crete r. ¥, a a), 8 , ; 7 a ‘ bi : at, aa Tey x) he a "eed ae pe he Wig * er ee eee ow hee © DEAN HOLE (Description page 79) f os Ail (ny 6. a : : ©" Par oe ‘a Ne er Ake aS 4 DOROTHY PAGE ROBERTS (Description page 80) DOROTHY RATCLIFFE (Description page 80) t i | ra } | \ ' | i i j i ae ; a os Chae DUCHESS OF SUTHERLAND (Description page 80) DUCHESS OF WESTMINSTER (Description page 80) EARL OF WARWICK (Description page 80) ELLEN WILLMOTT (Description page 81) ny a Ded Oar, of fe ; Thi EUGENE BOULLET EDWARD MAWLEY (Descriptions page 81) ital -¢ i, Dag Th a) At a -_ Fa EVELYN DAUNTESSY Hybrid Tea McGrepy & Son, 1911 Very weak grower in Middle Atlantic States; below standard FARBEN KONIGIN (Description page 81) ba Pri eet eo is, as Oe, Mi ' be hd i "es ' he 50 i © ee ~~ Vag fT oi ee ‘i ; 7 wey NS ¥ : / aye ei , {aay has ' rae ‘ 73 OS a DAP & faty ian te) Ae vee 4 My! ; 2 we ) GARTENDIRECTOR HARTRATH (Description page 82) COUNTESS OF DERBY Hybrid Tea Aupx. Dickson & Sons, 1905 Fair growth and foliage; some autumn bloom; below standard GEORGE DICKSON TTybrid Tea Arex. Dickson & Sons, 1911 Spring bloom only; weak stems; below standard H. V. MACHIN (Description page 83) a et Pate a a? wed P _ ee pes ; - a A Aas Bad ee died : ee mys ae i i” “oN Th 7 a ‘ (0 ites Przy LADY ASHTOWN (Description page 84) LADY BARHAM (Description page 84) f ; | | LADY de BATHE (Description page 85) LADY HELEN VINCENT LADY KATHERINE ROSE Hybrid Tea (Description page 85) Avex. Dickson & Sons, 1907 Small grower with some autumn bloom; below standard cons ea ee Pade \ i a a fr: al he LADY HILLINGDON (Description page 85) ree Om. A ft (CONT AS Sl 4 p>. A : a aeas *) ey LADY MARGARET BOSCAWEN (Description page 85) LADY MOYRA BEAUCLERC Hybrid Tea Auex. Dickson & Sons, 1901 Weak grower in Middle Atlantic States; below standard ‘4 ¥ Ay 7 i. n \ ip he ay ay hd wi fe } Vea MABEL DREW (Description page 87) RL al eg ee TOE PaO ee rp Veh ye Rg ay ; aa : ha b ee Mak Ree! ee as ; AY Utne: MADAME CHARLES LEJEUNE Hybrid Tea MRS. WALLACE H. ROWE Hybrid Tea Guitx1oT, 1912 McGrepy, 1912 Both roses below standard Mi ~ y weg " 7 os tae Tt aa Gath AP eed ny 2 a pt ee Oh eee MADAME VERMOREL (Description page 88) MADAME WAGRAM, COMTESSE de TURENNE (Description page 88) x a : ne es 4 ie 4 rE . : MLLE. MARIE MASCURAUD (Description page 88) MARY, COUNTESS OF ILCHESTER (Description page 89) MISS ALICE de ROTHSCHILD (Descript ion page 89) MRS A. E. E. COXHEAD (Description page 90) MRS. CHARLES C. HARRISON (Description page 90) MRS. CHARLES E. ALLAN (Description page 90) ee MRS. HUBERT TAYLOR (Description page 92) COMTESSE MAGGI STARZYNSKA Tea NABONNAND, 1911 Small grower with some autumn bloom; below standard # a id / : in we vi: “A ee 7 4 ~ 7 j me , ‘ Lidiaa ity pe =} ¢ ; j 4 a a or at 7 ' i I 4 ae yr i | U ? a” La | “ ‘ A 4 4 : rey , ’ j us f ‘ vy U . ) v ) ’ i ; ' 7 é ‘ M ‘| Me ‘ te i _ i ‘ ’ » 4 7 i fl = 4 i : ' 3 Pi ‘ P a ‘ Hi . i < v7 ij ¢ ? ard ‘ ' { } ‘ ~ j , j , ‘ * i cs f . / , ¢ j 4 a .s MRS. JAMES CRAIG Hybrid Tea Hvucu Dickson, 1908 Small grower, some autumn bloom: below standard Sone Ba | eek i MRS. JOSEPH H. WELCH (Description page 92) MRS. LEONARD PETRIE (Description page 93) i 7” a ue MRS. RICHARD DRAPER (Description page 93) MRS. WALTER EASLEA (Description page 98) I " ee PRESIDENT W. H. TAFT (Description page 94) PRINCE de BULGARIE (Description page 94) SOUVENIR DE GUSTAVE PRAT (Descrivtion page 96) ST. HELENA Hybrid Tea ; B.R. Cant & Sons, 1912 Not hardy in Middle Atlantic States; below standard WHITE KILLARNEY (Description page 97) W. R. SMITH From the garden of Mrs. Jay Cooke, Brookfield, Philadelphia (Description page 97) eS ‘io = See oe a New ror botanical Garden Library ATTA ee ss sory at i) ite i Units Weise a f ait eas iss