•B A6RIC, DEPT. TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS A Practical Handbook oF TREES SHRUBS VINES AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS John K formerly Assistant to Director of the Royal Botanical Gardens Copenhagen, Denmark Latterly Twenty Years in American Forestry and Botanical Work HARDY AND ORNAMENTAL VARIETIES THEIR CHARACTERISTICS, USES AND TREATMENT ye hae naething else to do, ye may be aye sticking in a tree. It will be growing when ye're sleeping" SIR WALTER SCOTT .uoJSHED BY THE BULLARD COMPANY BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS V, B. CLARKE COMPANY, Distributors 26-28 Tremont St., Boston, Mass, Copyrighted 1912 TBS BULLARD COMPAWY Boston, Mass. ^w. The Blanchard Prats Worcester Mass. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PREFACE f ILLUSTRATIONS OF SPECIES 15-129 PLANTING PLANS 130-139 ABBREVIATIONS 140 GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 140 DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES . . 142-356 WHEN TO PLANT 357 How TO PLANT 358 PRUNING 359 OUTDOOR CULTURE OF ROSES 361 LAWNS AND How TO MAKE THEM 365 THE INSECT PESTS OF SHADE TREES AND SHRUBS . . . 369 TREES, SHRUBS AND PLANTS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES . . 389 PLANTS PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR ROCK GARDENS . . 389 PLANTS FOR BOG GARDENS OR GOOD IN WET PLACES . . 390 A FEW GOOD HEDGE PLANTS 391 TREES AND SHRUBS WITH ORNAMENTAL FRUIT .... 392 TREES AND SHRUBS WITH DISTINCT COLORED LEAVES OTHER THAN GREEN . 393 LIST OF THE BEST HARDY FERNS 394 GENERAL INDEX . 395 292362 PREFACE. )N THE preparation of this volume, the purpose continually in the mind of the author has been to afford a simple and con- venient reference book of the ornamental trees and plants hardy in this climate; simple, yet concise, a guide valu- able not only to the amateur, but to the busy architect, gardener or plantsman as well. Its form has been suggested by the needs encountered during a long period of private and commercial association with plants, when the material here set forth would at times have been most useful. It is as a reference book that it will take its place. Exhaustive descriptions, variations from type, and more technical matter must be sought among the horticultural encyclopaedias. In these pages, however, will be found general cultural information and directions sufficient for all ordinary requirements. When and how to plant, pruning, spraying and cultivation are each treated comprehensively. Propagation has not been touched upon, as it is a generally accepted fact that trees and plants, of sizes suitable for planting in their permanent places, can be more easily obtained from reliable nurserymen, and give, as a rule, better satisfaction to the amateur gardener. Trees, shrubs and plants have been classified according to their suitability for cer- tain purposes. Space is given to the making and proper care of lawns. The more common injurious insects are described, and means for their extermination are discussed. In short, the author has earnestly endeavored to include whatever information the average householder needs to enable him to make a selection of such trees and plants as are best adapted to his purposes, and to aid him in properly caring for the grounds about his home. Regarding the plants themselves, doubtless many omissions will be found from the more or less familiar sorts ; but let it here be said that only such are included as have proved their worth under ordinarily favorable conditions of cultivation and climate. 10 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Authorities will be found who differ in many cases from the facts here presented, especially in regard to ultimate heights, times of flowering, and habits of growth; but it must be remem- bered that plants are highly sensitive to environment, and that external influences, favorable or otherwise, determine their devel- opment. Here are tabulated the personal observations of the author as he has found the plants under average conditions. The indicated heights of the various shrubs, for instance, are such as they attain in well-kept border-plantings, rather than the maximum growth found in individual specimens planted singly. The beautifying of home grounds is rapidly becoming a habit among a great majority of our people. It is a habit happily encouraged by influences on every hand. By " home grounds " is meant not alone the spacious surroundings of the suburban mansion, but equally the less extensive village " lot " or city " back yard." Possibilities are ever present. Even a few square feet, given the necessary care, will support something that grows into beauty. An unsightly heap of stones, of promiscuous char- acter and lineage, may be transformed into a garden of plants whose character suits them to such forbidding surroundings. A few helpful suggestions may perhaps show the way to surprising improvement; and the satisfaction thus attained is a reward to be coveted. If the author has succeeded in so presenting such suggestions that they will prove of benefit to his readers, he will feel that his efforts have not been in vain. The botanical names given in this book are based upon the nomenclature accepted in Bailey's Cyclopedia of American Horticulture and the Index Kewensis. The popular names are those in most general usage. In the capitalization of the specific names the rules of the recent Botanical Congress of Vienna have been followed and only those specific names which are derived from the names of persons or those which have been used as generic names have been capitalized. Professor E. A. White and Dr. H. T. Fernald of the Mass. Agricultural College have rendered valuable assistance in the TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 11 preparation of this book. Prof. White's editorial work has been especially referable to correctness of nomenclature. Dr. Fernald's editorial work has been especially referable to the subject of " Injurious Insects, Pests and their Treatment." To these gentlemen we extend our hearty thanks. THE AUTHOR. ILLUSTRATIONS With Botanical and Common Names. Characteristics, uses and treatment of the illustrated trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous perennials may be found by reference to the botanical name of each in the regular classification tables. No attempt has been made to show merely pretty pictures, but to illustrate many of the uncommon or partially known species and varieties. Picea Engelmanni — Engelmann's Spruce Aquilegias — Columbines Veronica longifolia var. subsessilis — Speedwell Pyrus floribunda — Flowering Crabapple Hemlocks and Mountain Laurel - /r ^>v^V>* VVS$^ ;. ; ^6^"^ii Hibiscus syriacus fl. pi.— Double Rose of Sharon Chionanthus virginica — White Fringe Liatris pycnostachya — Blazing Star Dictamnus albus — Gas Plant Shasta Daisies j s §• 1 I I I '5 Tulips Osmunda regalis— Royal Ferns Berberis Thunbergii Hedge Fagus sylvatica var. pendula — Weeping Beech Coreoprfi lanceolata — Tickseed Wistaria chinensis — Chinensis Wistaria An Avenue of Poplars Calycanthus floridus — Carolina Allspice Juniperus virginiana — Red Cedar Syringa vulgaris var. alba — White Lilac Clematis paniculata — Panicle-flowered Clematis Clethra alnifolia — Sweet Pepperbush Leucothos catesbaei — Leucothoe Lilies in the Herbaceous Border Catalpa speciosa Digitalis purpurea — Foxgloves Water Margin Planting Vine Effect with Dutchman's Pipe and Clematis paniculata Cypripedium spectabile — Showy Lady's Slipper A Border Planting of Foxgloves and Sweet- Williams Iris germanica — German Iris Hibiscus moscheutos var. Crimson Eye — Crimson-eyed Hibiscus Fagus sylvatica var. heterophylla — Fern-leaved Beech Rosa Baltimore Belle and Eulalia gracillimus i s 1 j I I 1 % s o f I 3 i I /s|o. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN NUMBER ONE. List No. of No. Plants 1 290 Berberis Thunbergii. Japanese Barberries. Or Ligustrum folium. California Privets, to be planted 1 foot apart. 2 9 Populus nigra var. italica. Lombardy Poplars. 3 25 AUhcea rosea. Hollyhocks, to be planted 1 foot apart. 4 4 Vines as follows: 1 Lonicera japonica var. Halliana. Hall's Honeysuckle. 1 Clematis paniculata. Panicle-flowered Clematis. 1 Ampelopsis quinquefolia. Virginia Creeper. 1 Lycium halimifolium. Matrimony Vine. 5 7 Vines as follows: 1 Wistaria chinensis. Chinese Wistaria. 1 Tecoma radicans. Trumpet Honeysuckle. 1 Clematis Jackmanni. Jackman's Hybrid Clematis. 1 Actinidia polygama. Japanese Actinida. 1 Dorothy Perkins Rose. 1 Crimson Rambler Rose. 1 Aristolochia macro phylla. Dutchman's Pipe. 6 2 Early ripening Grapes. 7 8 Spircea bumalda, var. A. Water er. Anthony Waterer Spiraea. 8 6 Cydonia japonica. Japanese Quince. 9 5 Hydrangea paniculata. Fall-flowering Hydrangea. 10 5 Lespedeza bicolor. Bush Clover. 11 7 Forsythia suspensa var. fortunei. Drooping Golden Bell. 12 6 Kerria japonica. Shrubby Globe-flower. 13 5 Rosa rugosa. Japanese Rose. 14 7 Spircea Thunbergii. Thunberg's Spiraea. 15 7 Stephanandra flexuosa. Stephanandra. 16 6 Ligustrum ibota. Japanese Privet. 17 8 Hydrangea paniculata var. grandiflora. Large-flowered Fall Hydrangea. 18 5 Calycanthus floridus. Carolina Allspice. 19 6 Lonicera tatarica. Tartarian Honeysuckle. 20 7 Elteagnus longipes. Oleaster. 21 5 Diervilla florida. Weigelia. 22 7 Prunus japonica. Flowering Almond. 23 4 Myrica cerifera. Bay-berry. 24 5 Rosa rugosa var. alba. White Japanese Rose. 25 10 Amorpha fruticosa. False Indigo. 26 9 Philadelphus Coronarius. Sweet-scented Syringa. 27 8 Syringa vulgaris and persica. Various varieties. Mixed Lilacs. 28 4 Spircea japonica var. alba. White-flowered Japanese Spiraea. 29 8 Viburnum opulus. Mountain Cranberry. 30 6 Spircea prunifolium. Bridal Wreath. 31 6 Spircea bracteata. Round-leaved Spiraea. 132 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK List No. of No. Plants 32 6 Sambucus nigra var. aurea. Golden-leaved Elder. 33 4 Ribes alpinum. Alpine or Mountain Currant. 34 5 Euonymus alatus. Winged Burning-bush. 35 3 Spiraa Thunbergii. Thunberg's Spiraea. 36 5 Acanthopanax pentaphylla. Five-leaved Aralia. 37 5 Acanthopanax pentaphylla. Five-leaved Aralia. 38 6 Prairie Roses. 39 6 Forsythia suspensa. Drooping Golden Bell. 40 5 Viburnum tomentosum var. plicatum. Japanese Snowball. 41 8 Rhodotypus kerrioides. White Kerria. 42 7 Deutzia scabra crenata. Rough-leaved Deutzia. 43 6 Rhus cotinus. Smoke-bush. 44 5 Chionanthus virginica. White Fringe. 45 6 Cornus alba. Red-barked Ozier. 46 1 Catalpa speciosa. Southern Catalpa. 47 1 Picea alba. White Spruce. 48 1 Apple Tree. 49 1 Picea pungens. Blue Spruce. 50 1 Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea Riversi. Rivers' Purple Beech. 51 1 Betula alba var. pendula laciniata. Cut-leaved Birch. 52 36 Best Hybrid Perpetual Roses. 53 6 Hardy Asters.] 54 5 Achilles ptarmica var. The Pearl. 55 6 Coreopsis lanceolata. Lance-leaved Tickseed. 56 8 Sedum spectabile. Showy Sedum. 57 8 Scarlet Phlox paniculata. Panicled Hardy Phlox. 58 5 Delphiniums. Various species. Perennial Larkspurs. 59 6 Paonia oficinalis. Paeonias. 60 6 White Phlox paniculata. 61 5 Veronica longifolia var. subsessilis. Speedwell. 62 8 Chrysantheum leucanthemum var. hybrida. Shasta Daisies. 63 6 Aquilegia chrysantha and various species of tall Columbines. Tall Columbines. Tulips, Narcissuses, Hyacinths, Scillas and Snowdrops may be planted among shrubs and near edge of beds. ANN' JAU5 i 1 10 g P1 ? o n p P 5 o n1 o 6 9 XD O S s « c 1 n v **« ^ V •"1 i \ \ c» n ! ^~ J -A 1 <; » r" -^ Cj* ($ ' ' \ 1 4 ± I ^x *"*' i i 1 \ %^ A i\ - — J p. t~~" /! ** x N 1 vJ» i CM -X i 1 jn ,i K) \ l> ^ / t •» | ^ (\ 0> i N\ f» 1 G i \ 1 ^ V j/ sj 1 1 r l \ XX ^_ \ ^-— \ i 5 1 S i / / >, ^.> i — • 1 *+* N/ 1 1 1 1 \ / N % _ jr /\ KJ 1 u • * ^ \ «j ^t. ^^ ^^\ N^l i \ 1 — 1 •" \ \ A, V Cb x ~l G> x* ? — ^ I j 0 o } i i 0> ^ i / Oi ^ ^/ 0 * / 1 V"-] " 0 t i ^i | i f » K i M 8f * i/ . - '1 t 1 L— — — L_ l — . ^ i i^] ^ 1 1 » Lr 1 ^, >"\ ! i i >\> > > /u » * N> s '.. — — ?\) \^ — . •» •"^ V • -^ s. \ k A. -. ( s PLANTING LIST FOR ROSE AND HERBACEOUS GARDEN. List No. of No. Plants 1 203 Festuca glauca. Blue Fescue Grass, to be planted 8 inches apart. 2 12 Dianthus barbatus var. White Reserve. Sweet-William. 3 12 Dianthus barbatus var. Abbotsford. 4 24 Lychnis viscaria var. spkndens. German Catchfly. 5 36 Viola odorata. Hardy Russian Violets. 6 30 Armeria maritima var. robusta. Sea Pink. 7 27 Viola cornuta. Horned Violet. 8 22 Veronica supria. Bastard Speedwell. 9 12 Gaillardia aristata. Perennial Gaillardia. 10 8 Phlox paniculata var. Annie Cook. Perennial Phlox. 11 14 Lupinus polyphyllus. Lupine. 12 11 Phlox paniculata var. Coquelicot. Perennial Phlox. 13 15 Platycodon grandiflorum. Japanese Bell-flower. 14 18 Sedum spectabile. Showy Sedum. 15 12 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum hybridum var. Alaska. 16 12 Sedum spectabile. Showy Sedum. 17 6 Hardy Chrysanthemums, yellow. 18 14 Statice latifolia. Sea Lavender. 19 10 Astilbe japonica var. Queen Charlotte. Astilbe or Spiraea. 20 8 (Enothera fruticosa var. Youngii. Young's Sundrops. 21 12 Phlox suffruticosa var. Miss Lingard. Southern Phlox. 22 10 Monarda didyma. Oswego Tea. 23 10 Physostegia virginiana. False Dragon-head. 24 16 Gypsophila Stevenii. Dwarf Baby's-breath. 25 15 Veronica longifolia. Long-leaved Speedwell. 26 12 Astilbe japonica var. floribunda. Astilbe or Spiraea. 27 24 Asclepias tuberosa. Butterfly Weed. 28 11 Physostegia virginiana var. alba. White False Dragon-head. 29 12 Sedum maximum var. hcematodes. Purple- leaved sedum. 30 6 Papaver orientale. Oriental Poppies, and 4 Lilium auratum. Gold-banded Lily. 31 12 Campanula medium. In variety. Canterbury Bells. 32 14 Phlox paniculatum. White. Perennial Phlox. 33 6 Aquilegia. Various species. Columbines. 34 10 Lobelia cardinalis. Cardinal Flower. 35 50 Hybrid Perpetual Roses in variety. 36 104 Baby Rambler Roses, to be planted 1 foot apart. PLA/M /MO. 3 ive Treatment of City Sackyard i . i . i . i . < i t i i i i i i Scale o i 2 i -i ' ' A i i Pecf PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN NUMBER THREE. Liat No. of No. Plants 1 1 Wistaria multijuga. Loose-clustered Wistaria. 2 1 Tecoma radicans. Trumpet Honeysuckle. 3 2 Juniperus communis var. hibernica. Irish Juniper. 4 3 Berberis Thunbergii. Japanese Barberry. 5 4 Ligustrum ovalifolium. California Privets. 6 6 Phlox paniculata. In variety. Perennial Phlox. 7 3 Rhododendron catawbiense hybridum. Hybrid Rhododendrons. 8 3 Euonymus europceus. Strawberry Tree. 9 3 Forsythia suspensa var. fortune*. Fortune's Golden Bell. 10 6 Coreopsis lanceolata. Tickseed. 11 15 Iris germanica. German Iris in variety. 12 3 Rosa rugosa. Japanese Rose. 13 3 Kalmia latifolia. Mountain Laurel. 14 3 Viburnum opulus. Mountain Cranberry. 15 4 Symphoricarpos racemosus. Snowberry. 16 5 Pceonia officinalis. In variety. Garden Paeonies. 17 3 Kerria japonica. Globe-flower. 18 4 Populus nigra var. italica. Lombardy Poplar. _1_.-1J; -^•^ \ — /-N i ! -J h- / -j \ — I 1 1 1 \ 1 I • ! • ! i > 6f~G*5£> ^ i . L L \ J 1 L j>e> ' OAPDEN t . PLANTING LIST FOR ROSE GARDEN. Last No. of No. Plants 1 14 Persian Yellow Roses, planted 1$ feet apart. 2 20 White Moss Roses, planted 1$ feet apart. 3 14 Harrison Yellow Roses, planted 1$ feet apart. 4 2 Dorothy Perkins Roses for arch. 5 2 Lady Gay Roses for arch. 6 74 Hybrid Perpetual Roses, planted 2 feet apart. 2 Crimson Rambler Roses in tree shape. 8 16 Hybrid Tea Roses, planted 1} feet apart. 9 100 Baby Rambler Roses, planted 1 foot apart. ABBREVIATIONS. A. Very hardy. B. Requires a sheltered position. C. Requires protection until well established. D. Rapid in growth. E. Slow in growth. F. Prefers a moist soil. G. Thrives in any good soil. H. Thrives best in a light warm soil. /. Particularly good for cutting. 5. Shrub, or generally grown in bush-form. T. Tree or generally grown in tree-form. X. (Found in Rose-List.) Indicates best flowering varieties. Y. (Found in Lilacs.) Indicates largest and best blooms. GLOSSARY. Capsule, A many-celled seed-vessel. Cleft, Divided, split, parted. Conical, Having the form of a cone. Decumbent, Reclining, but with tips ascending. Edible, Fit to be eaten as food. Fastigiate, Branches erect and close together. Frond, Leaf of a fern. Glaucous, A dull green passing into gray blue. Globose, Round, spherical, globular. Herbaceous Perennial, A soft stemmed plant, which perishes down to the root annually. Hybrid, A variety produced from the mixture of two species. Lobed, Divided to the middle into parts distant from each other, with convex margins. Mulch, A light covering, as hay, straw or leaves. Palmate, Having the shape of a hand. Panicles, Scattered fruit or flowers. Clusters on peduncles variously sub-divided. Pedicels, Short flower or fruit stalks. Pendulous, Hanging, drooping. Petiole, The stem of a leaf, connecting the leaf with the plant. Pinnate, Compound, feather-shaped. Plumose, Feathery. TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 141 Procumbent, Trailing, prostrate, lying on the ground. Prostrate, Lying flat upon the ground. Pubescent, Downy. Pyramidal, Having the shape of a pyramid. Raceme, A cluster of flowers or fruit. Recurving, Bending toward the ground. Sepal, A part of the calyx or perianth of a flower. Sterile, Barren, unfruitful. Tendril discs, Claspers given to climbing plants for supports. Tuberous, Round, fleshy, underground stems, as, for example, potatoes. Trifoliate, Having three leaves. Tubular, Having the form of a tube or pipe. Umbel, A flat-topped flower cluster. Whorl, Leaves or flowers arranged around a stem, in the same plane with each other. 142 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK A £s cu £ co g. <* J ol o i a? CO g CO ." di ii CRIPTI Explanation - fi I* ted, dark green. , forming a idal tree. In- ower branches unsightly with . Foliage sweet-s Branches horizontc broad, regular pryai clined to lose the early and to beconn age. A. D. F. •5 e •' D * . Open in growth zontal, forming a Foliage silvery blue 1 trical in iage, w . B. C. Sy rse er 8 . •Si TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 143 I I 1 1 71 144 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK .SP .2 -3 |.S ll «S^3 rt jif 111 CO f^+* & .5 £ve "^iTS PI «> U. Q. ;Ji6^ I^'-H i a 11^ fpi^ . * i •c 3 c^ gt: B ^ C*. 8j|| fe(2g2|^ £^- CT; t 8 - u rt. o a rt '* llill I f 1,1 I fSl IL> o I! I 1 N •! fe II I! r| SO IJ 3-fi s Lea lo o e I 11 M 03 en ft Q. u ! B-s'sf (3 o oJ ••-> 5 43 2 3 co O w X w O»B • — "O w C MKJ CU S ^ C CO I S^Sgo I "£2= . I lil&l I ^2l£g & It ga 51 mutt TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 149 S 2(2 53 «- S. s'i.3- &> at* §JH nt •a bo£ !•§!? a n Dense foliage, margined Common in old gardens matting. Flowers insig G. a-ssi |fc-s ^, *^ ? oo rt I 1 I 1 ll ^ s:5 n c I Gou Pink H chestnu 150 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK il If, *<* 5 a* s ..<$ g-| 1$^ sS~ & fi-o8 * ^11 < t;jsa oj' J^ is|| u«rj r; 3 rt a» S e a>_S QJCUS.O ••• •* _Q 03 •*-» \3 s§§ -ill |«_2 ^|| *** o? '!« be JS » c ,jj e , !••* .S ty 'efli |n*e = I I | •JI5 g«.S mi 5*"i8Jl ^HN ^ II SI 1! I I TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 151 *• 1 •S -o I I l 152 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK >r§-2-S«2 rt-5* &sS a* c»l8x$| §e-c2rt~ •g. **. 131 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 153 Shrubby and dense in growth with numerous flowers in clusters. A good plant for the rockery or for edging flowerbeds. A.G. A good edging plant of easy culture. Foliage velvety gray. Flowers fra- grant, in numerous small clusters. A.G. S. An attractive and very free flow- ering shrub with numerous flowers in early spring in small racemes. Fruits purplish, ornamental and edible. Effective if planted in masses with other shrubs. A. G. 1 3 JQ 1 — , Is OB "e " «J V4 0) t 12 o £P d Co'"1 5. Dense in growth and free-flower- ing. Flowers in handsome spikes on slender pendulous branches. A.G. S. Very ornamental. Large spikes of pea-shaped flowers in narrow, drooping clusters. A. D.G. rt S •? ^ 5^ V S' 08 ft i 1 G a a | jl £ I .§ IS 5 it it 3 10 0 *~* *"4 »0 3 2 es 06 *r •«• «* •*«•.«« «* _ bo 11 Si il •2 "S c g"S H 11 I _ n Sz II so « Ji* " I'S ^c^ "?"! 0) C ^ 3 '&-> •H 1 to c/) OQ i E "S * i § , 1 9 i 00 73 V 9 » li u -» is 1 * < •-» 2 2 >> >» 1 s § 3 9 •— » •— » 2 2 Scarlet yello c * § «H ° ° 11 '5 o ^ « « - II i 1^ 6 •o C 9 u Dee *? ci Rocky Moun- ain Columbine ong-spu Columb H s^ 13 O •oU O Californian Columbine Siberian Columbin cc S« 83 ^ •Sfi 06 U 3 £ 3 23 wS e ine ll 11 1^1 egia Aq u II F Aquilegi gia I I S3 > ' ;a ? Aqu 158 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK $j8»' Sg.2^ i-J cs _, . **• r O U — £«*! « «J 0-g 3|SJ *S, .o S^i glfj ?^3.s tjl ^CO^O *> 12 It with immense, and uliar hady pec ng lea ower • =1 Jl •.M OT strong t-sha -sha C. G. A s heart pipe- place I 1 fa* fi.Sf.2 08 o> c .•tt b ill J3 O O 3 SH I<| C o - II £ «B| fi| o 2 rt I g g .2x II IJ r- 160 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK *5 jj ca Q, !t| ": 3 EjB ti 5*» ll •0*8 1 la '*£ a * J 11 f TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 161 Foliage grass-like and fragrant. Flow- ers in showy spikes. Attractive in masses under trees or in the hardy border. A.G. I. A great many species are cultivated, but following are named a few of the best and most desirable species. Asters are of the easiest culture, and worthy of a place in every garden. Good in masses with shrubs or in the hardy border. Flowers daisy-like and produced in great quantities. Leaves in dense clusters; flowers single and solitary. Good for edging of borders or for the rock-garden. A.G. Very effective with shrubbery. Flow- ers and foliage very large, the latter lance-shaped, sometimes more than a foot long. A. G. I. Very showy and free-flowering. A.G.I. Individual flowers small, but borne in great profusion. A.G. I. One of the best. A.G. I. A beautiful variety of our New Eng- land aster, with exceptionally large individual flowers. A.G. I. 1 . % « 1 8 1 « ^ * ill.* 3 •£ 1 a < § c£ ' ° s 2 -S3 -o - | 1 * •«« 3 £•.5 v- •g c c « * 2 " J S- c§'5 cs • - 3 » * 1 „ + „ „ * „ . 1 E I {< 3 e s ^ «J u a ll .2 il oQ c OS ^^ < i H j 2' . 8 1 > *c SJ i | i it I > V •3 S §3 S § j| * 1 | 1 1 |s| 1 |i 162 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK nd for bs. le a i I i fj '*§ .§> fe= &« U i 01 -5 i s| U * il U * Ifl |s.s II Botan Na Aster Tataricus Townshendi inensis or chinensis Astilbe Spira CO os 'S3 2 !g •A3 ,03 Astilbe japonica var. Queen Alexandra TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 163 showy spring-flowering plant. Good for carpeting and rock-work. Flow- ers in lax clusters. A. G. 1 I s •*- "o scen A S. . sho 2 inches A. E. F. «5 If rs al ful sh -g J2 £ u, S. A y e t Flowers not particu heir intense fra rub worthy of lo t sh S. . but the F. i S 4 1 ula nadian odora 1 I I 164 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK d -- 5 SB'S § I >» s 1 u I O TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 165 beds, and often on lawns for lowers double shaped. B.G.I. . F isy G edging flower plan in the gr early flower effec or semdouble; d ood for ted flo mi- U O i) > ' *|sii t"A&v •ills § ^ §-& | Mil *W aS'C 4>— u J3 •§« s: If ru rs, rl ns b rl ru what t effectiv a g sh at J=£gg* *.: sibS^ "g sits -*sg Hlite 0.2 —3 C-26 CUNO'**-. «*^ ^'*stnajur_* a • S ^i-tn.. y effecti rns a dee ing with i C. E. An attractive handsome flo fore the leaves in romatic foliage autumn. Fr icuous. A. F. tnw j 5. A pretty ever leaves resembling lish Holly. It is autumn, when it and again in the s yellow flowers. 5, s I 3 3 a •S 1 en 166 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK a hedge plant or ll or winter effect. It red with bright-colored winter and its foli- nd early winter is Valuabl sing f ensely tary f in a perb. de lita e S. ma is sol Ultimate in feet El §• m English Name ami irc ^ ^ Py nj jis^ PRACTICAL HAND BOOK 'H i. H *l ll s-s . 1 wit i on ubs 9 «' Si as 4 - *C M^ •° a 5 ^£ > c u " r t:-s g a III I prof •S 8 jj slt «-* >s « *- S ^,-M •"SI •o C « ft gw.a ll & g, 21 U JS o I S t: S rt o 61 u s 1 i 3 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 169 £i .a cs il tt> 0 . =*" M 3 be 3 O I 170 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK >» tf % c 25 i, .=1 flL ^ eu U Q 1 "So' S S S 3- | |« TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 171 t*i W - li - fi 8 W I 11* i- ft «iii «? bfl •r 1 I I > > Blue Bells of Scotland Chim ampa * K« * PQ ! *v * . I I " §! 1 1 es . -P rf o o . 1 I 172 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK d rs, d vo T g. Pref sunny sl -S S i » rt 54 •s|| III fl,T3 8 C ?; " *> S •*-» CU rt C S rt 2 > * > J2 o Q. c §« c « g c 8**J >*° i8!!^ H!|f ^lit| <1|«s2Q a 2 Ml!,-' r- oo JD .5 O, ^ X II if 2§|1 Tl£s bj§; < «, 3 •? 0>£C tsip-s 14IM O^5 Q. §.8 -SBls S"!..-SS * * II JX TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 173 •* *** . ~* T^ ^4 »•* tZ "|B -Sill Ws itf 1 rf S - ^^ a' .2 M - 4> « ^^ }j£ ^i-s1 • s^ 5-1 » ^o's' II, ;,|| -isi' •SB'S rt^-R-S &Xrf M: 11 ir K3 l! f f 11 O 174 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK .S.S.S'Sfctf TO """ w • Ofe &0 0> bo fc. ** C 1112V& 1 1 1||1 a,«-S.ti|S O ^^ 3 26|ii^S 3"g c^^ |'5-| kl» •41 01 Q .J I 2 1 2 S ii 2 v *J* 1 it a> O TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. **4 . * flJ P* *** flJ 00 |.So| 175 • a! c ^^ » . **•** >>>-S~o «- e >> -s rt SS"^**- * 0.5 ^ ^ *>*£ M&lllli " mr Millili.! =8 | I 2 i oo c/: O !!!! 5 — -« oj u O O 176 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK H 111 666 CS CS CS CS CS I m I; TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 177 m 4 Foliage dense, glaucous and de One of the most common varie the Cypress, and excellent for ing with other evergreens. A. a I! -o -s •g-s o. 111 t- X 111 ^ C .1.5-5 III ves G.I. Lea fc ers in profusion. valuable perennial 111 •3 ax ke ce b b. Sh bo 2 be 3 I* 178 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK "*"EStS Hfc^^ o C ^^'C * S g.Sfg f!j|ljf|a PW^.I Sl'IflH^fr1!! nnH*"111 K & C 9 Cl H *M ^^^ *w iiilll^H3 *J-Cqa*JU,1r«i> Sl*l!llll« 5>ig.5BSS£- Pllrfiffl S« ^«lnl*l II J* :-S5-s 1JM illl I I B«- I ii >» fc 0) .1 iff s c 0 lk TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 179 best o el lia m A creation of Mr. bank's which very free floweri It succeeds b in deep and sohat moist s Flowers daisy-like, often 3 or 4 inch across. Improved varieties are C. var. 'Alaska, with flowers often 4 5 inches across; var. California, y low tinted, and var. Westrali branching in habit, with large cre white flowers. A. F. I. =-< i wering e, sin- iflower ss. A ent » ne F. M d Us § i ^, .^-W CO 3 J el o^ fc^II'a ^ M C--3 C ^ _2 fc «CN GJ « 8 0 c^ Ij 5 - 1 8 :§ S ] 1 £ S S > •s J3 08 1 § S S i 6 C G 5 o 0 3 182 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK ftj hade-loving plant. Pre- h soil and can be suc- wn under trees and Should be divided and t every fifth year. A.I. 1*481* jUl *J wn s , ric ully gro bery. S nted abo well-kno ers p u b iS « g-g c *>•* ir -88 g ;aj .s l i TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 183 Flower stems more slender than those of the preceding. Very graceful and useful. Flowers daisy-like and last well after being cut. A. G. I. Similar to C. sanguina, but with brighter red twigs and light blue fruits. S. In growth as the C. alba, but with bright yellow and green variegated leaves. 5. A very distinct shrub or small tree, useful in the shrub border. The branches are arranged in irregular whorls, forming flat, horizontally spreading tiers. Foliage good. A. D. F. «|l a^ fll ill "Q >» QJ . UII3 5. A showy shrub with a profusion of flowers in early spring before the leaves appear. Berries scarlet. A.E.F. 11 5. Particularly attractive in autumn, when it is covered with clusters of pure white fruits on red stems. Dense in growth, with slender upright branches. A. E. F. All summer c e 3 3 >— > •— » G 3 *— > •— » J 1 "3 S a; | 0) J2 S '£ j2 •g .2 j gj 3 £ S > & » 2 £ cs 00 «0 00 - „ NO o - „ - - - - • r 1 1 Alternate- leaved Dogwood Round-leaved Dogwood Cornelian Cherry Variegated Cornelian Cherry White-fruited Dogwood s « * § 1 03 OJ 1 j ! 1 1 .52 =3 « I 0 6 3? « 52 CO CO • 09 Cfl CO Q> OB I 1 I g | 11 3 o 0 0 U u y u Q 184 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK H£ H-I Ctf *T3 *il -C L. i M "OCi J.f' th dark red ss of flowers. l^lll M*O §'"§2 . oj rtfe 3tj •3^ 8 rt^ l§"§^.2^ :eding which surrounded p rose color, ree, good for H. is branches. Remarks 5. A pretty shrub wit bark in winter. Good fo Branches upright and Fruits black. A.D.F. «£j3 c3 fc — n 11 i; .si si* wSci J^ T. A beautiful tree with ish yellow flowers sun showy bracts about 3 ir Berries brilliant scarle turns a rich crimson Branches spreading. B. IHB x£f^a <-3^ S a «£^JI js "3 T3 1 ^ P |2 Si <^ 3 o> Q U QJ ^^ w ^k ^\ J-S8 H 5 a 3 C 3 3 a «j i 1 c 3 V OJ 0) U o a 2 •4-> 15 IS 1 s i 1 1 3«^ ill oo OO 10 o £ 00 Ifill ~ ^ . CJ 1 (0 P n bflTJ if 'I 8o.s2 oT M 1 ll if C 0 &B, j|£ i •So oj Sf roU £Q ^Q ^j C/} P^ > »— «« " ti/) .S t* K^ C^ c^ gj g 0 i SIM 1 1 o § i 0) •a a •g i '>> •0 3 1 P 1 ««, 0 § rt 1 1 1 « § W ^OJ 3. a S 1 « 2 J3.2 I s I s I S 1 S 2 0^ O o u O O 0 CJ TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 185 II N ^ *n «=;§ it •a >£ . 3- 3 3 bO^ JoflS U.*"*^ 5. -o 8 •8 1 «"« *' 8 N T «-r rt cs S 3 I1 V O II 1- -..-•> 1 till --i ^ c i >, 0> 1 wl Q°l§ ||H £ &s — — 3 O Q •j •j 1 1 I i i |o li 03 03 oS § 1 1 | §3 If m 1 I 1 | » a 11 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 187 ! in " ill J o *<« .5 •W rn j s 0) 0) K V rl i O o C/) C/) I I S ! rt ro a) ft ft TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 189 -c -^ >» fi .t:-2 e « 5 2 c S* ^ g 3 O i£ 9 Q. i Q 9 =- | £ a JJB O *-* -j ! 8 -a a i Q • •a "3 Q «> « -*-> o to Hi 190 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK useful shrub with sweet-scented rs in loose clusters. In exposed t is inclined to winter-kill. 2 be en G . ***.£ e en rtj €3 -a § >> 0) 11 131 II G. -a "e'8^ •5*80 S. flo pla B. 03' cJ "J 0) S II i* ac *3j"o3 T>3 ° w O O hj I!* |s^- S«c ^•E ^- S § Us § 3 E«J 4) Q CD « u I 1 Q Q I I • M bfl 1 i i •§ o> ^a H) „ SU g Q Q §2 Q TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 191 H -« .JD oo O £_ , .. hfl— G +•> »i-i , x >, 3 3 3 3 H 1 i H- ) t— » | 1 »-^ •— > H-l M § g § CO •Q C C [3 g S •S O OH —— ^-* " n *c u u > 03^3 "S J-I'S cs 0 00 s 3 »o « 1|||| - — -i <4< .2 3 3j 1 ;3 a "5 -4-> 0) ^ flj •S W) o3 bX) Ic ^ ff.S SP *S 5& & s CO 1 •1 i 5 oi || Is? .Q "3 CO 3 c3 2 | 1 | cd 13 ii 5 •g <£ «J st3 1 ilia hybrid Rathke 1 i § *o B > O ^ M' > 5 Q M 8 « 2 oJ'C 8 CP W 3 Q 5 S S Q 5 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 193 !* ~" C 3 , >, 1 C 3 "3 r* 3 3 5 c? ii nJ 1 °8 ^~> ^"i 3 CD u ^£ ^ ^k ^» c e ^H RJ rt ctf 3 >— i 3 s 1 CO | | "1 C? |i J jy c B £ 5 £ 0 "o £ £ O c«p H« to He, H« Hn es 4 - - - - - * ... -o i- Q ^ g > 0 to <5 co 'O ,. — . o o j> bo *> b e 2*2 1 1 - 8 1 — — r QJ | _) C/] $ £ jjj d> d .2 p .S g O 1. bJO 1 1 i fl Digitalis pur] gloxiniaefloi Digitalis amb 1 f § s 4_J W I 1 •a a P Q Doronicum pi um Doronicum Cl Doronicum ca Dracocephalu sum 194 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK with flowers oss. Center of ping petals. A very g perennial. A.G. I. bushy swy plan sometimes inches ac flowers dar free-flowerin a, I •8 1 1 M ll TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 195 flar ped ha o tab ar- ense spikes of large sar-s flowers. Leaves resemble th the Poker-plant. Only well est lished plants will produce flow Requires heavy protection in winter. Good for grouping in background of hardy border. B. C. H. Ill 1 1 & & Is 196 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK ks o ft a_G 3 s i — > -a 1 1 1 J £ j2 *0) "o> *o3 "a3 5 * ^ >• oo 0 cs 00 cs o •H 6 T-t y-t - - - •H CS cs U. •S •553 1 *n w £ 3 J| be bo s Si >> I1 •S S .^ s tf] 3 PQ & >W 1 . 1 CO !l 1 CO a 4 1 1 5 1 3 1 .§ S co CO s i CO 111 H i 1 g B s fll? ^ ^ ^^ ^. ^ W)* § i1 I a o § 1 ^ s a ^ w w H H H M M H 198 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Jl *U U 10 Oi 11 1 -M -s^ lift; ll" ^s 18 1 s&! 1 i|| i ifi 1 i 1 41 .2.3 gS S^^ ^-o'z: |b 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 Ifij'M IIsi^ 1aB§l^' g-5 » at »J . i! L S^o ^2-° o*~ v •a M^ «fe.S _ o3 JS "S .§-s* , * cs ^§ 5^S* t "S O 4-J s M iS ii f-i .t< Q & .£ ^ ^ ig bfl^ aj O cj t 1$ i H i. b I 1 1 JS 1 1 i. I I 1 1 li g g si ^ a .2 1 ll 1 ^ 2 -§ o 0 o o § o F 1 W p 1 w w I 49 M TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 199 US i " i ..2 >» " 1 jf< I 8 •a .S e B-rtlfl !•« •' S.S» a li «•- c«T3«5 OT C >•£> O a> ce r, *5 rt °8j| ^^-^^ r • aH.S r • i.S l .^ CJ u aj 0) 4) 4M 200 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK rge, dark color well Branches y in early T. A tiful tree with l red leaves which hold their throughout the season. spreading. Transplant on ring. C. E. G. b-^'g £ £'C 5 § > > o3-Q o •"ae-IS1* trii *£?£.££ • Pa 2 SS.WS"§^ g is lle sho nc tufted It excel It s r 3 in G. beau ng. A handsome ue leaves. rdy, and wer beds. within 2 o rin. SScj 13 «.j •y J*^ •» -j: §c §d *•* H 0> a-o TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 201 -2-S 1 £ s ll1 .13 g, Anc w Flowering Crown Imperial Hardy Fuchsia Fortune's Plantain Lily 202 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK ers n narrow. J* &s T;^ &«« G. 1*2 IjB 12 ^ S*^ o E.S bs. ood hru ^««a .j^^ g"2| ^ | a £o - ^^ uxurian drooping. massed wi • . wi fell 3 a ^> c^ bfl < O O ^3 ^3 3 3 g - Variegated Plantain Lily Ovate-leaved Plantain Lily Siebold's antain L Blanke Flower TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 203 the ong s or ping G. a < s 3 08 bo 3 I 2 I I ^ 3 Nfll 1 1 O O O O O 204 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK I 11 l J C .. -2 hardy Geraniums. flowers large, on Good in the bor- n. A . G. B "H the ; .1 1 ^aa I CO gi«2 *•• •».«» .8. £21-8 |- . A slender, pyramidal tree with an-shaped leaves. ^Very picturesque nd good as a specimen tree. Gen- rally free from attacks of insects. . C. E. H. T. fa an er B. pq i s U J&s 5>- | II O TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 205 T. Small flowers in racemes, followed by pods often 1 J feet long. Good for park or street planting and makes impenetrable hedges if planted thick- ly and pruned severely. A. D.G. T. Irregular in growth with pendu- lous branches. An attractive small tree. A. E.G. Foliage prettily marked with white. Dense spikes of flowers. Good in the rock-garden. A. F. T. Foliage a peculiar blue-green. Open in growth. It is a graceful tree, free from diseases or insects. The flowers are in large panicles, and followed by large pods containing seeds which are sometimes used as a substitute for coffee. A. E. F. A most graceful plant, excellent for the border. Numerous small flowers in feathery panicles. Very useful for cutting. A. G. I. Trailing, and good for the rock-garden. Flowers small, produced in great profusion. A. G. Very showy while in bloom, and a good border plant. Individual flow- ers larger, but panicles smaller than those of G. paniculata. A. G. S, rt ! 3 3 M 08 3 3 3 jsj jsj - g 3 3 & £ i || 41 i J 1 • »0 c O „ • >_ ~ .- w bfig » «SP3 •5 M 2 5grS 11| III o o o x&x fe rt u £:s ea double, Dahlia 1.8 5 « £ ll go La >, "o o fol ul Erect in habi like flowers. Folia flow tive ST^o o QR ^ iduous Evergreen 3 Vine Herbaceou Perennial n°§ en 11 P< 10 §1 Jig H a TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 209 Flowers about 3 inches across and very showy. Tuberous and edible. Good in the wild-garden or among shrubs. A. H. Flowers numerous and about 2 inches across, resembling sun-flowers. Branching in habit. Good for the hardy border or dry spots. A.G. I. |.| *O«oC«C>cncu ?l ri ' 1 *» . flHe%!3 l-l-g&JI = ^ ^J ^l^si tl-llFIJ ^ % fc o g x.o-£ ^a2-u= ^^-^ S H in 3 3 S j* 3 o » | Jj 4> t t^ | U "o *a5 ^"f c1— S ~^ 2 0 Q 0 o -f OS - CO CO CO CN Bjg U nas-rose j| | 1* cj J3 o ^8 Q g o * — i^ ^ PC U I g § g 1 1 1 .2 M II •a 9 1 «M i V5 •i'& g !§' S o i .1 o ij !§ 1 S g g 8 OJ S S H S W i n H 210 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK n- od reen. Flow great abu nt and goo ady place k e p or ^ ... 3 "43 •S £ ree-lo dar l but produced An attractive rock-garde ves m nce. r the G. Lea ers da for A. •£ •R •65 r* fi U) O §g•• 1 r w is w i a I a TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 211 i; c ffi 212 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK 11 . let, red, varieties y shrubs ptember. tractive. n growth. rple, viol e; some vari few hardy sh and Sep nd una u ite e st Erect and open in colors of p h-color and whi ble. One of th bloom in Augu liage dull green C. G. •S. ers flesh •i? , "US * - I! 11 to Fo B. 43*0) §X oW : a^ S f bfl O .ss a, 1 «w be £ 00 i "S >> CO v 3 G en I II TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 213 !T. A native narrow-headed tree, excellent for picturesque effects. Difficult to transplant. A pretty plant for the rock-garden or dry spots where few other plants can grow, but a bad weed if allowed to spread. Flowers in clusters some- what resembling dandelions. A. G. S. Good for seashore planting. Leaves gray-white, narrow. Flowers small and in clusters. A. G. pi 1 1 ||s A good vine for covering arbors, walls, fences or tree trunks. Leaves rough; young flowers and hops very fragrant. A. D.G. 1 9 c 3 0 rt* t •M M| "0 3 i 1 0 ' 3 | Q jB ? ! 1 ^ ,-c 00 .S 10 T— 1 <<*< «s * - i Mt 1 £ 1 •aJ Jbfljj 2*5 | 9 1 rt .« ^ ^"o -^ S E ^J •^x rt 3 T^ ^ CO CO 5 1 a •s o • 0 1 1 1 ! I i i 1 '', 1 i i it i 1 H I- 214 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK £ -0 O ^•B*W £ G S'C * c5 si a s si uflfSe 5 1iiiij!p4M -TS -- fifi ' 3 ;«i : c o> 0>TJ 81 o v •S-- BI ' 1 Pil wwwl rH(N - II - 3 a o ci " a. a ^s 5" r^ uw w TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 215 8.8* : -l o - : Mil xS J » .2 •£ ! IE OK g g bfl •JDJ3'S - •*-* fe hi §«;S rt J-1 -i-1 JOJ o ffi| § 881 5 s c & £ ^ > m *B g £2 Ss •E'8- 11 £/. < O 4> 3 I I 3 OH 11 U TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 217 It Mi i * -s^ ill ! lift sls^i m =SS - SiHifc i < i 18^ 1 .alls Is^l-aSi ^l p wc3 M X a 218 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK 0 3 gua 3 2«*i O e °- F d £ S o & I I £ > gW.9 •S-9 *i i- 1 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 219 rt *- u| y An excellent early species, blooming most freely and thriving in any situ- ation. Good for the rock-garden or in the border. Other varieties of Iris pumila are: cyanea, rich purple, eburnea, pure white, Florida, lemon yellow. A.G. Showy flowers in clusters. Foliage long, narrow and dense. A. D. F. I. A very beautiful free flowering variety of the above. A most useful and attractive plant for the border or bog-garden. A. D. F. 1 1 o ! Should be planted among other plants, as the leaves disappear soon after the plant has flowered. Multiplies rapidly and should be frequently divided. B. H. I. •£*y.S 0) £2feJ |^s*S i V c £, c ^>» ^>» 3 3 3 "3 — *3 *3 ^ tarf 08 <% « ^ <8 J§ rt rt* rt 8 rt C i S ^ 3 3 3 •— » k 4-J CU 3 *O C ^ 4- £ 2 ~ "E, CO & « « S3 o .0 J3 ex "~~ "^ *G jd >^ > * 1 3 OH If* £ c cs 00 CO cs cs * * *,,„„„ bo c g co Uc (U +J bfl 1 B g 1 c •s .S Is IE ll — C .2 *fi 1 is .S-2 *3jr3 1 Q 1 c/) 1 i U i C/5 ? i 1 I 2 J3 S 1 j OS .a «j § o 8 3 1 S '3 .S [^ .S •a 2 *B • CO 9 z IS i2 to cu .& £ ft 04 'w 'w £> > CO 3 3 CA 3 3 I1 3 oo 1 220 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Remarks § 111 o t £ S t 3S*ja o o o CO pW- PO II * II II JO *b u, J-, CU K utternut • 3 1 || g'S 11 31 C/5 PQ jg ^ CQ ,§ « | .S 1* CU 1 «J oj 1 1 I 8S 2 d d • tt) . 1 g 1 1 I CU H P TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 221 T. Columnar in growth. Branches upright and leaves light green. A very handsome small tree. B. D. G. If *"*.S .S >> !| |! s -^ S. A low dense shrub with spreading, sometimes procumbent branches. Foliage deep green. A most beauti- ful dwarf shrub. A. E.G. S. A form of the preceding with tips of branches mostly white. Dense and dwarf in growth. A. E.G. S. One of the most brilliant of the low golden evergreens. Best in a sunny situation, where it attains its best color. A . E.G. 5. A very attractive low evergreen, good for hillside planting. Foliage dark green, branches spreading or procumbent. A. D.G. S. A pretty prostrate form of the preceding. Excellent for the rockery or in front of low evergreens. A. D.G. ba rt tgjj D O .j w>2 S u, bJO ||§ iSl O C ^"8 f^a S* 0 00 00 t--. to \n I 2 cs cs cs cs cs cs cs cs CS •si 'C G •-i a Swedish Juniper £ ^ "Sou e a; u £ & rt £ £ § <8 & C .*"* * tyQ £ .^™* *^ £ .j^ a§ •§:«§ gsg ^H,— > ed U •— > VJ CJ •— , ll ft Prostrate Savin Tamarisk- leaved Savin Juniperus communis var. hibernica Juniperus communis var. suecica o S a 1 It -i I 11 1 u ja > 43 w * w ° o> v a) .& g- .& £? .& S fl .SL a S § § Juniperus sabina !. 0) "w Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia 222 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK 361S jl £ Cd <-* 1— "^ r \ rt •sI-P IS,"* ? wing f very gr ctive eens Sll ^li 6 M n gr oun ic u ul \ A vigorous gro preceding, with sil Particularly attra among other ever color. A.D.G. . More spreading the type. Tips of the y golden yellow and parti in winter. A . G. •i I CN CN CN t! _, rt bfl rt *5 TJ C *O 2CJ "§^ TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 223 s particularl but can be suc ever it will no A. E. F. ive t i . easiest culture. I good along streams, cessfully grown whe dry out in summer. -M bfl 3 « C 0 ' €11 i S. More vigorous in growth tha preceding. Flowers double, nu ous and very showy. A. D.G. jTIs f!8^ tl) 3 2 -s § II »M ^) OQ & a* .11 JH ^ CQ & E *CJ > II •P 4? o l .5 ! i A 2 S I s 'So I1 SI |1 & to M 224 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK O en EC 0 § •S b S TD C £§ .2 e |g Igfi 'jjji&j le* 1B« w ^^3^ 'a £ ^ 05 — •*-> fc > rt ^^ c^ o c o .2 -sJ o o 4- bJc < ^ P I |8 Height in feet II •as TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 225 r. Compact and pyramidal in growth and much like the preceding. Foliage light green and dense. A.F.D. T. Undoubtedly the most beautiful of the Larches. The dense, long foli- age turns to a bright yellow in autumn. A. D. E. Good for covering banks, rocks or stumps. A free flowering and easily cultivated plant. A. D.G. I. Like the preceding a vigorous, hardy climber, producing flowers as large as the annual sweet pea. A Dense pale-green foliage, and numer- ous pea-shaped flowers. Effective in the rock-garden or massed in the border. A.G. I. A white variety of the preceding. A good border plant, valued for its sweet-scented leaves and flowers, which, if dried, will long retain their fragrance. B. C. a?* S* C/J C/) ^* ^* -4-1 s s ! 2 2 2 22 "3 3 *C 'C X s s a § 1 -M 1) -M ^ ^j g^ *o 2 "o « ^ > ^ > 1 I 3 3 •** •*» ?N *. , JS II W h a°3 a}*-! >— > !a 0^ "c c S ig § S sgfc lgfe - OH U Wi ? 1 1 >3 CQ 0 8 £ 3 > o a S j i | | •a i i 1 2 s - > 6 ^5 a 1 l« i* 1 '§ 8. S 5 6^ &£ 6^ > 1-1 M H) 5 5 ^ j 226 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK ' 5. A good low evergreen shrub with fragrant leaves and conspicuous flowers in spring. Well adapted for borders of evergreens or shrubbery, and particularly for planting in low places. A. E. F. 5. Resembling somewhat the cran- berry; good in the rockery or for cov- ering ground under Rhododendrons or other shrubs. A. E. G. Good among shrubbery or for the back of the flower-border. Flowers cone-shaped with purple centres. A . G. 7. 5. Graceful, slender branches with pretty, oval clover-like leaves and a profusion of pea-shaped flowers. A. D. H. More erect in growth than the follow- ing. Flowers in showy ^ racemes. Requires heavy protection in winter. n. a.. Flowers pea-shaped and produced in pendulous sprays. Very attractive with shrubs or in the flower-border. B. C. H. g 1 i i nP c c M S ft S ^> < 1 I s .3 1 .2 i s M G ° & !§ * s £ * OH in r x CO »o M * II cs (N * - . „ n Labrador Tea Dendrium or Sand Myrtle Yellow Cone Flower Tall^ Desmodium Tick Trefoil ii 4 | 1 S 1 dd •3 1 ii i A 3 •1 (0 ctJ PQ .3 >> s s | i •o V T3 *2 'i 1 t & m 2 N) 2 >3 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 227 III fSHi US! £3 log ii i > I g" 1 CQ :/. a I pq 'C l K *? .^.a 228 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK S« £**§:=( L> .13 * «Jv2 Pri ge plant. A horizontally oliage dark ragrant and tains its foli- r, and turns in late sum- tive in fruit. S.SM! 1 II B-p'Ptj * *" O > 11 11 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 229 ^ e~ b! <" °*"N o o * bb - x >> 4^ bi) M ^j 3 3 3 3 S* 3 3 & « a *""> ^J >•» *""» >~~> m <£ CU ^ c/) J-sj °8 c# 3 d^ <# <% O c 3 0^ <# H pq G >> "•» OJ u bi >> >. M 3 3 3 3 3 3 >— ^ i — > 3 tU §0 OJ .M T3 ^s« & M 3 r« •H ^ ^_j «^^ l' ^ O *"^4 •- c .y tJ Remarks pre( CO Ji i Sometimes ci wild-gardens Flowers abou clusters of t •s| O 0) 'g^-s r*: » C j>, >, >, >» 3 3 *3 3 3 *3 3 3 S lei ! <" 13 "2 " o •** c •£ 6 CJ o 3 a^> P s e-c •« •— £ CX V U be 1-8 1 bo C bo C 8 3 -*.*§ c ;N I C T | s 1 2 o 3 I E * ° i * C 0 3 0 „ . « 10 « „ a - „ « * . «* , , . . ' 8 V B a 1* |g ^ f s3 3 u, O *U "§ 3^ 1 b S "3 s 3 a H H °H I S £ . > | 1 ? aJ w | £ g S 3 3 • if Lilium specios rubrum | 1 Lilium tenuifo .1 § Lilium tigrinu splendens Lilium tigrinu plenescens 1 a Linum perenn < 232 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK , pretty tree with star-shaped and a peculiar corky bark, pie-like foliage takes on a bril- olor of orange and crimson in 1. Flowers and fruits in globu- oping heads. A. C. E. G. 1^ C . ctf •• 0) C y hardy plant, particularly ear streams or in moist, shaded Flowers in large brilliant A. F. I. j preceding, this variety thrives n moist places, but can be also in dry soils, where, how- will be less vigorous. Flowers r and in spikes. A . F. I. and dense in growth. Leaves oval, and silvery white be- Flowers tubular and fra- Berries scarlet and conspicu- autumn. A. D.G. <|IPJ .Jalu t-s""1 r* S fc *Pi £ G w (/> "'lit ., b« D, w < £'* d-t*.S8 •*•• 4J £ v-~ 3 IJ£!1 2 &-S S- JJft&S a a g I 1 •I G 3 i— > |oj a 3 08 =8 3 £ rt 0) „! g G G ^ 0 3 • . s 0 It | 4J .fl bfl M U J 0 Ultimate Height in feet o I 2 cs »o s |s I- TH 1 1-2 i'l 3 8 , * Is o H .s > ii § 4_> Q. *^ o H 1 *3 cj£ § 1 1 0 w 3 § g P 2 | Is 1 1 :- 1 • •d 1 i TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 233 £ ~ C u c « 5.^ |*!s l^& U |_> «41 gS bo 1'E.s 8&8 jlJB ^1~I'S g JsgJ T3J: 0^3 ^u « rt Ja SSS •gsiu !K* ISSj o a^2'S Isil •S'S^Su I l^lcS •-2 es ovate, pube hue beneath, wh prominent on th somewhat tende vine. B. C. D. Lea bo I c; 3 S bO o il 4 -" u •" ro C o > ' o 234 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK ffl Sg III'! MJJ •s-g a-g ' S * S+j r^ - • 0 3 c i-si ^ ~-s g •g'Sa y«'sl =.'J A well-known, useful vine, with clus- ters of trumpet-shaped flowers. Very free flowering and showy. ^ Leaves large, gray beneath. Fruit in bright yellow clusters. A. D.G. 11 I TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 235 Lea nch ivi ran d n der. S . Bra Ind frag 4) 0) & 3 — •33 .Sfr §1 •i! 11 5 I 1 I 2 M| I 236 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK s h 3 2 il -o 2 III m * rt *j rt > c^S o «-Z! rt O, r? 2™ 3.9 X! (fl 213 bflg C w .-i— I E J5 O 3 "a . u, bfl D C "H'-s 18 t 5 1 a* 3 bfi^3 o <^ Q g 15 S 3g §5s I rt u .S.2 II Ii 03 =3 r II TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 237 clus- ant d it is dwarf k- *tg* g *s*§ gglj!* |e E+J.5^a ii CD « c <2^-> ^- s ? 240 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Remarks 1 o co V 0) .£3 4J •8 6 Flowers large, late blooming. 5. A very beautiful dwarf tree or shrub. Flowers 3 to 4 inches across, numerous, star-shaped, sweet-scent- ed. The earliest of the Magnolias to bloom; comparatively very hardy. C. E. F. A profuse bloomer. Flowers single, sweet-scented. Good in the border or among rocks. A. G. Like the preceding, this variety is effective if planted in masses against taller plants. Its pure white flowers completely cover the plants. A . G. A bitter aromatic herb with whitish, hairy leaves. Often used in medi- cines for coughs and colds. A . G. H 1 rt 1 1 ne to Sept. 0 | 3 *, 'H, C £ *> % § 6 -M &.I !H £ 1 1 is« IO 10 T— 1 OO p o o 1 1 CN cs es »g |_ 1 |.s S'f - - - - * * Il>|| 1-H 03 > eg ^ ci ctf CtJ Qt 9 > s § ^ g i TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 241 *oo CO co -w be •*-• cx'3 c.2 bJO c £ u.g to 0) t cu ^3 *d JO . c S 2'Z! 0 0 ^ ^^ ^O ~*O •M v^4 C3 "O 4-) 2j "o^ i 5ta S£ s •^ • o^E "o (UJ3 O cy § IB cd * S-s ^jj CT3 Jl 4-> s xJjS i - c-a 1 u i 11 jj lc cli'^ 2 2-ScS, >: if l^| 1 ^1° > oT wn sweet herb • yellow- white 1 iving silvery w covering tree t s. Flowers s -shaped. A ne particularly . D. F. F II s>l c o* O cj -M cs£ 'a-- 11 ^ ^J co "M ^ <" . C 2 co"* ro 1^ •. . ! c OS G , p. u c cu c oJ O i 1 1 sf 3 3 3 •— > 1 S s £3 ^ c i C ^53 1 I £"a cu ^3 | | I ! 5 3 ii ' ;S S i 1 § 'w t/i " «*4 •S elissa officinalis elissa officinalis variegata enispermum car dense S 1 entha spicata 0 OJ 1 II iscanthus sinen Eulalia japonica iscanthus sinen: var. gracillimus Eulalia japonic* gracillimus iscanthus sinen: var. variegatus % a 91 i ^ s S * £3 242 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK A traili foliage. cately Bright winter. nder til 3 a 5 2n s 3s White Bergamo 1 aJ bJO t-i CD PQ • 2 i! Botanical Name §9 8 11 I Hi lil a « TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. g s-2 s -s i !r. •-* *O *O ^ *S 4> O CO M O 243 2 s U, u * » i "S &«> or in d B. F. 1 8-8-3 i-y* I.S . "&! to ^ si 244 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK o 03- it ^ I MS rumpe rms. Single Sion |<3s| Isst ?»s£ iff* -M cr »H =3 si1; g T31— >0 d |,ba ills eo u rG Ifil I II 2 1 3 oP 8^ TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 245 5. A shrub valued for the showy, pen- dulous red berries which are pro- duced in autumn. It resembles closely Ilex verticillata, being erect in growth, with narrow, dull green leaves and shiny black twigs. A. E. F. o £ S.S i -5 b£ * « * •*- 3J3 $ O 5 u C G **=.=« 1^1 if, 2 S.W2 = o3_2artSg« S CU yy TOE *rt5 QJ rtoj 2iS3 •no'^'^-iQj'O SgS&| IfjSl.Sa ::l|j»a s^e-s- °fe ^w L^^-S^aj^ 03 T-TC^i O-*-lj5fe^ -« .^ §3 ° gH &7^ 2 « c Q/Q, g •— ^i >»— -5 kfijSri fif^'i*! 5^§P^«5 Sgg.s^^- OPU ° C 1- U "T-I <1> c |s£-i|g ,5l|L| |llsll, jliiiig Leaves dark red on both sides. T. A very picturesque tree with leathery, glossy foliage and peculiar twiggy branches. One of the most brilliant crimson trees in autumn. Should be transplanted only while young, and pruned severely. A. E. F. 1 | 1 § i s 2 l"1 J! « 8 < 3 3 lilt vO .S VO | 4 9 , .•;..<••- .s a >^ 3 rs TDJ^ La .2 ^ U J cjJ C/) OT3 3*0 a) v- v y o^ 6 Q> oK :s s "3 3 p* S 1 1 U^ 3* (S H 1 1 3 1 1 t ! is ! 1 O «*4 ^- otf §5 ® 6 1 m a s m E 246 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK III 2 c o '~ g o a O T3 J3 ^ frg £ lower A ve in the Very re der. Fl turnng plant fo B.F. rt en *-> C l-i 60 C && •«! s -g r ! o TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 247 Trifoliate leaves. Flowers pea-shaped , in racemes. Somewhat shrubby in growth, and good for the rockery. A.G. I. An interesting, low growing, spread- ing cactus with showy flowers 2 to 3 inches across. Joints obovate, with innumerable sharp, reddish spines. Good among rocks. A . G. Resembles the preceding, but with lighter green or grayish spines. A . G. A spreading plant with quite showy flower clusters. Foliage fragrant and often used for seasoning. A. G. One of our most common and most showy ferns; fronds deep green, some- times 6 to 8 inches wide. Attractive in masses under trees. A. F. to *o -2 £3 *O «J'£ 2 i_ rt — > 1 J, c 3 2 S 3 co ~ — js *C in if) o 3 «s „ ro °° "* *"* c!r rf "* i-l CN T}I *H S o $ v f- »r-« H |« 1 1 ii i1 i 1} 1 § S 8 ai tu^ * S* y H CH ^ w o o 1 I* 1^ TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 249 1 ™ Cfl rt I c o >, 11 250 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK tive foliage. more than 6 liant scarlet ometme of a b C cfl & «J w oJ •M OJ CO HI bo 4? 3 3 s ep mson fli (O fl) M ^T,. O II |J *| Q-c Q*c PQ >; ep mson Q2 3 "* 5 C/) s oJ C is s u * i^& 03 a 3 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 251 color. As the foliage dies soon after the flowering period, the plants should be scattered among other per- ennials. They start to grow very early in the spring, therefore they transplant best in August and Sep- tember. A. G. "3 d 1 o OH" 1 :g 2[ I Flowers very large and blotched with black. Exceedingly large flowers, sometimes 12 inches across. Comparatively low growing with large flowers of a peculiar silvery-white character 6 to 8 inches across. A tuberous-rooted plant of great value. Foliage coarse, sword-shaped. Flow- ers in showy clusters, lily-like. Good for the hardy border or for lawn vases. Requires plenty of water when in bloom. Protect in winter. H. I. T. A tree not unlike the Catalpa, but with larger leaves, which some- times measure more than a foot across. It is inclined to die to the ground in winter. Each year it "3 "3 3 >— » 0 °8 o> 0) 1 4 !» H 3 d 3 3 3 M ^G •£* OJ l^» 4> *J _w Q. *u "S D "^ IS d jOJ 13 J) C§ '"^ ^ ^ S OH ^ cs CN CS •«-• es °? in cs « « « -. ^ a) co CO ~«£ *8 H la •£ ° (S3 § £ *j c r/N — w g cu ! ? § 1 Is 1 3^ 3 a a ^ "S ^J "rt 0) 11 11 1 f 'i§ 0 cJ ® co ® O* os .2 «-s « J M — < t4 <-l cu ctf cu ^ > J5 SS1 S-2 ^ 0 rt^1 §-« s« 1 1 252 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK .52 « c^ftj , 0 r o 43 -a I-S8 o> I I T3 !3 (U PQ 03 to d.ti G §.£? gP I Is TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 253 s-8 . ll I 2^ S. A compact shrub with very bril- liant yellow foliage in the spring. It holds the color fairly well throughout the summer. Good for contrast with dark-leaved shrubs. A. E.G. 0 > o ii si ,a II -' CTj 2-S *^ »-" 254 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK X g 0) 0 bfl i b ££: ching. ver best A. s r a nd ce m the ubs. Branches slender a wers double in large r scented. One o spring-flowering sh . Flo swee- dwarf D.G. . Very erect in growth. Lea small and narrow. Branches slen and covered with showy, white flo ers. A. E.G. . la sh £ & « d h If <§£ TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 255 ift and ather ood A strong grower with g oliage large individual flowers in open panicles. •a — - 4_) OJ ~ X II y ^ c/) rt 0) 256 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK 3 111 niilii !ili ifslJg^iji'H i >:«2i^rH^siii|8| ill^liiilii^lll^FI!! i § » !^I J|l|lt| Il=l^|l l|i §: ^^i|ls|^!l§||li!li|lli $lil flllliilllllfllli sj I il-s rfl "J3 0) 4J CO l-i CO DO III ^1 rt rt .s ill -M C C 4-» H o O 2 >> "3 •— > 1 en 1 1 1^ *0 cs iisii 0 !M* • 1 •* w^ !3 x §1 li ii i •0 g 1 ^w ll M w o ^ r TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 257 * < * pr ng bo Canadian Phlox 258 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK |i l|.£|f| 43 51| 11! *j O g O w1 .y'c ^ *O *2 c °* •M CO O> 1 Creeping in habit. Flowers sc£ star-shaped. A pretty plant rock-garden. A . G. A pretty creeping plant with mi foliage, which is completely c with flowers during early Good for carpeting or for th garden, but spreads rapidly a difficult to eradicate when onc< lished. A.G. A white free-flowering form preceding. An interesting plant grown fruit, which, when ripe, is glow: Good scattered among other nials or among rocks. B. H. 5. A strong-growing shrub w: freen foliage ; flowers in cluster inches across. Branches spr rt 1 rt rt o3 s 0) I'sl <% <% dy d« d« s C 3 1 ^ Ot 111 •3 Z3 6S s g JQ ^ it 4j '$ C -e§ &6-AS rHCN ^ II 1 si •M M 1 H 1 Si sS I 3 flrt d> | £ 43 g ^ ^3 id g ^ ^ 0) t«^ 0 la 04 4 ^ ^ 5, -2 -2 «5 is 1 •2 ^ ^ g g 3 1 li « $ 1 "B *S • * « |i X H .2 ^"^ J * *i Rs g § § §w s*0 i g° TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 259 "o> o* QJ b • o *o •* Q oJ O ^ 111 S. A variety of the preceding with bright yellow foliage and showy clus- ters of flowers. A most useful coarse shrub. A.D.G. i| i rl * § a « •S< * n 1 OB UK; ^ 12* a- W 1 IN 1 — — - u -s"S. -a ^i»fe "S* W^ <'S r. Pyramidal and dense in growth. Foliage silvery-green. A very orna- mental hardy tree. Good as a single specimen for the lawn, also excellent for windbreaks or hedges. A.G. D. T. More open in growth than the preceding. The tips of the leaves are of a beautiful golden yellow. A. E.G. r. Branches slender and spreading. Foliage dark green above, silvery beneath. The cones are very con- spicuous while young, being bright blue in color and erect in habit of growth. The cones become drooping at maturity. A good tree for the lawn. A. E.G. 3 3 jy 0 06 cs ts 10 i o i - . . cs „ cs ri oj 1 B-g § •3. .« 1 i s 260 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK a i 1 .r rt w c a c £(/•) jo •a a TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 261 T. An interesting small tree with drooping branches closely appressed to the stem. Good in front of taller evergreens and as a single specimen on large lawns. A. E.G. — C *"* jT~ jz<6 ^J CO — • U • *C'G £5 rt O , • 4 w r \ r*% S*j C ? W ^* »* co *^ Pd ^^ 2 >» 4> "£ ** Jj ojX ^ OJ u^ 1.1 -*« £2 t? C— • ^ £ £ •-'.c E-H E*H r. Deep green foliage on branches ascending at narrow angles, forming a narrow conical tree. Rather open in growth. A. D.G. r. Branches slender, often somewhat pendulous, forming a narrow, irregu- lar head. Less decorative than the other Piceas. Foliage generally blue- green. A. E.G. T. An ornamental small tree with ascending crowded branches, form- ing a dense conical tree. Foliage glaucous. A. E.G. T. A very graceful spruce with dark, glossy foliage and ascending, spread- ing branches. Valuable for smaller gardens. A. E.G. *— i 6 \O vo o «o T-H o to ^5 ^D ^^ cs « * > *""* 1 p*°J i 1 I Ultimate Height in feet 1 0 S o i o S „ > «* 2 *S "C 'la I S w a •S-l J<§ -g£ 5 M £j • M 0 ,-j •e rt PP 1 1 § S "* *^fl ^1 1 1 Is I1 ll S TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 263 Ij eading and slightly ascending ranches, forming an open pyramidal tree. Leaves drooping, blue-green, sometimes 6 to 8 inches long. A handsome tree for sheltered posi- tions. B. D. G. •N 0 S^ . § S 71. b s O, flJ G •rTS. Austrian Pine GOu js a; «J SE oJ^ a o rt ri *"*« I II |l al 264 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK tJ it >^ ft »L t! J3 4) V5 TJ gi fifli :§$§§ •!•§ 1 2 J Jl rt ^2-5"S ^ bC'-H o> (4" -""^ r-j JI Sf'lL life ?| iSplly -IP ^=s liol a-s 2 a £•§« b liii -«i:-x ^J *^v X*\ " flJ flj CH J^ t/3 ^ CUD VH L- X flJ *O c3 ft O ^ 0 Ui it ft iifl. ** te *t«^. 1 B| J"!!^. |'|-=|> •g r< Cs6c& i e|^ ^ b/lO »O -S^ St -*J OZ • »- C . rt— • »-, , -S . £i rt w Q *2 2KI «> -.2 o^ c a-^ ~ • ^Sio-o w£e be.-' 8» 5 ^ ^2 2 ^, -r*^ .2 S; «u c PQ .> ^ rtSc-S en ^6£io rr »T-I aj •"•^ • Qj o^ tr rv*™"^ • OO . cS^^^JS CXg^coco 2g)0 ^"J'gog^ Ow^^^ *j ow^; yjntu.a obooj -MWO M-i,'7^2>-i urtgrS rt.S o r • OW c3 bflcs r * oj"T3.3 CX hi " -P.O>C ^S^Q ||l?«i 12|<^ -Igfi65 «Sg . . O ^ -<* * ^ *^^ ^^ b/) QJ *Srt^ ^ 'SlcnO'5 5 bfl1""^ « • C *-« ou?^^ ^^Sc ^.^ ^j +j rt ^ oJ^.rt G s~o i jil 00 ° o o ill! «M CN CS CN Is g s g 11 s g s H^ c/3 c 3 "S o m * 1 , J a « • o£ « |S 1 i « ! 1 3 i £a £ 1 1 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 265 T. Irregular and horizontally spread- ing branches. Foliage yellow-green, stiff and spreading. A useful pine for sea-shore planting or on dry knolls. Excellent for picturesque effects. A. E. G. "g «§ a *° <3 js £ O &^ fe «5 ".§1^ IB* |"|| 2 8 £ ^ • &< TC £ M <° a •o bb ^ ^ § ^ 0 |4! i.H Oil ^t^i^i-sC/i *^ «— i !> ^^^^ O J\ — r^ C ,— | yll^ >^ CO H O *?Oo 4_» bfi41 X.Jj S**^ N CO ~g ,^5, *T3 vj K*>JB°'~+ ** S S c3^ -T3 ^ K Ss"f M* IdJJ P 5 .2 jt - B i> *Q £J£J^c ^ °*S S ° ^ u CXbO-»-"2 •llll °l- ^-i'-n ^^PQ^.S ^fcoj ^.0*0,8 T. A beautiful majestic tree in sum- mer with its large head of bright green heart-shaped foliage. Attrac- tive also in winter with its smooth creamy-white bark mottled by dark blotches of older bark, which peels off in thin plates. Good for large lawns or street planting. Good for moist soils and for sea-side planting. A. D.G. • o »o o t^ to £ 3 I « „ s £ o £ I il 1 1 1" s 3 1 1 266 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK bel e lk w e u st sh so G. cS o •M £> 3 ! 3 a 111 11=1 C u flJ o I) O ^ 1« PQ £ o B'B 32« M^ggS, Illl-sg sl| <§i?l Sc'oc32 , CO 3 ^O !> 1 a & I'll o C .2 |«.3 o 1 s '•a ~: - - „ III Si '3 »>•£ 5 I!*!! rHCN ^ ^^ nJ ii 11 ft 11 1 H o> w d cr XOJ 1 1 3 *s S * II ! i | 1 ! s 1 • ! TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 271 1 -t-J 1 jjj .S^ fe» 1 .2 d d c 0 op 00 0 op *— 1 00 0 SO s vO , , ~ 5 ^mg. goj 1 fl 1 2s Sol C ^ ll WU 1 %'£ ej-g 3 & Q CO 04 g u 1 1 1 1 **^ rt •< 1 i 1 I !|| 3 3 *§ 1 §§•* cj Ej c3 |42 d •S .5 .5 .5 Ok PH PH & pj 272 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK **« s J3 -O2^h«C"Slu.2 . £ 1-as :i •s-l-^-i "Si ..> rt l> »— « ir aj D w ft, Sislfi2'«l2K gctio^?: — co*^ fjISf!^- ^^'S « e-3 Iffttlfl e A. D. A ssing ves a t is mo r autu op-like S. m le It or h . s« * H I TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 275 Il^lil !!^1 .£*a ..c S £ ill^gl *-g c 2 >, £ bo ? g aj.^ &c '^ !l.f?f" ^ ^s^i-ffir. ^ ^vj ^a>cj£-MO^» ^a; ' ^ijfoll,;* i £ <3i 276 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK h i- - •3-SK 1*1* bio • ,!*« 'Sfcrt = SL 8SJ r A . E. g g a gh he in s to es in g the nd ike rse a sem pre , li gs coar S. T. Re less sp shaggy, tw 1 S1 13 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 277 u2 <" o 4J?*8 Si I|||3 r. A spreading tree with leaves 6 to 8 inches long, light green above and whitish beneath. The bark on the young branches is corky and ridged. A. E.G. T. A most attractive species; upper branches at right angles to the trunk, lower branches somewhat drooping, forming a symmetrical, pyramidal head. Leaves deeply pinnatifid with lobes at right angles to mid-rib, glossy green in color. They turn a beautiful crimson in the autumn. Excellent for avenue planting. A. D. F. r. Conical in growth, with slender branches. Leaves bright ^green and glossy. They are about 4 inches long and quite narrow, resembling closely those of the Willow. A.D.G. T. Branches spreading and irregular. Leaves resemble somewhat those of the common Chestnut. They are 5 to 8 inches long. A good tree for parks or large lawns. A. E.G. s 1 1 i i - i - in £ s L o Chestnut Oak Quercus coccinea 1 1 *H ! 1 1 Quercus phellos 1 278 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK O) Si* «3 !> palmate foliage, and wers on slender stems. for the border. A. F. I. gr te-like flo good plant reen eep mate ight feet i s w u •3 a II Q 1 a. 0 I J! S.S li I I 5 0 JS If TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 279 0 CS u. o. rt O g-o «- - °Z Jts 15 PQ II H Seq ! d% X c c eep al ngle of by c in a A ornamen ight foliage and sin s about 1£ inches ac oduced at the end ets and are followed shining black fruits winter. A. D.G. very 5. br ers c c-o . HIM w.S £Q iui^ •0-3 6 ^'n.s^ |*3§ Wb en 3 i-J T3 •-^ C |||a «**-2 c cj TJ-g^^ VU-.S 2 ^ 2' •* S « »Q •« DC ||l| J 1 1| 1 1 Cs% ^5 I <*) B.9S Hsii la ll Fragrant Sumach 4) O JJ " s s TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 283 ^-« ^ co c3 iifii .S-a CJ3 g 1*0 c^-S « 8?|f-S S. A most ornamental shrub with leaflets deeply cut and fern-like. In autumn it turns a beautiful crimson. A. E.G. S. Generally narrow and upright in growth with leaves sometimes 2 feet long; leaf -stalks winged between the leaflets. Flowers in showy, terminal panicles in late summer. B. C. D. G. J3 J3 J..2 G .ti .ti o £ * **l| 10% * bo . 3^ .S . C C<3 • *S -2 §-£ci •Q u 5 ^ -a^j o,!§o^' "a . ^S-S^G «•§ ~3§'3§ RJ "£||| •M >% >,i^i *C . O« ai ls>^ 1& *«-g!f Kl <1'™S»' OJ to"° ° <" rt 5". A dense, upright growing shrub with a deep green foliage and numer- ous fragrant flowers. It is undoubt- edly the best of the flowering Cur- rants. It is most useful in dry soils where few other shrubs will succeed. A. E.G. x 3 rt ' s* 1 » JD «0 3 0 2 i2 o 2 S „ - ^ ^ Smooth Sumach Till u^ Osbeck's Sumach £j3 "S£j3 O CJ ^ O O -? g S-^r - bfl G T bfi G i- a^ Is c 2 1 A o •§ ^ i §• j & 2 > «j4 2 1 i -a 49 .3 i 83 e o, •^ ^* *3 01 i I1 g-0 I I1 S ,Q 284 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK S. Branches spreading. Foliage dull green. Flowers showy, followed by large black fruits. A. D.G. 5 & c ti howy ng wi D. G. S.b ced f IN A variety of the pre double flowers. B -s Oi s, 3 II u II iss I 2 Is I 2 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 285 gs .s s . j£ .sfS^ G * * 8c> '"".8 -S &°^ **, -^r §j c1 • *g rt « •Sl^ •§!§ si- 8°5 2" II! ^^S nJ^**- 111 "cu _c •JQ 2.S r • ££ •- •§» . bfi - b-s 5. Flow A. D. G. "•i* 9 « . s |.SP s-s rm ^ «$ a oj 5 03 I 286 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK s flowers about 1 inch across, clusters. Branches spread- ecurving. One of the most the single-flowered Reses. to climb. A. D.G. upright shrub with branch- id with numerous bristles, shining green; the single re almost 1£ inches across. 8'§J «l£ iN- »° ,-t »c Q oT >. o ^* "bflXl to C^^lo most thornless variety with lance of pretty, single flow- shrubby in growth and, like wing varieties, is excellent ing with shrubbery or for slopes. A. D.G. rgreen shrub with prostrate, branches and glossy green Flowers single, about 2 TOSS, in clusters. Good for iN-l Js||H fe i- bo J^sJ 13 8.8.1 | g> £ bo .8 '(T. •& & 3 ..., m bfl O ^!l^ feg^^ 0 O O ^«JbX)0 llull <; UVM d o d "S. faj H « I I ? 3 o 5 1 q £ 3 £ d S 1 111 VO 4 VO PO to gw.s ||J| CO Ciy ft *-H f-t »H i"P fl 8 1 1 I04 I"3 1 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 287 <5^5 i jj |a 1 g £ .2-8 gg^§|| slq "o d I "O ^ I 1 1 41 G c o» Jr ^ «« r« *™ /-H Q. rt :overing banks and rockeri lumber of hybrids are cult :he following are the best. A . Fragrant, double flowers i :ers. A. D.G. 4rf 3 ^ *** o U Q bfl 'oss Roses require a rich soil, « Ittractive either in masses shrubbery, or as a backgrou Hybrid Perpetual Roses in tl garden. They should be severely each year, and kept lc «0 CO CO CO CO to Co- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 « o« # c« 4 <$ * 3 3 i — > 3 3 3 i— > | 3 1 •il E u S — | a 1 _ ^^ 8 2 1 CQ 1 - - - - •H - « ^ i S i i fl) is S S s 5 C ^ 3 0 ii osa wichuraial Evergreen Ge osa wichuraial Gardenia osa wichuraial Jersey Beautj osa wichuraiar Pink Roamer |J ^ d osa wichuraiar Universal Fav M • CO 0 P^ t* H M P4 M K m 288 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK I i i J •a 1 -8 •S S. H M a a & •§ 8 ^ ^ & * * z I § * H " * <5 a .£? HJ fO ^O ^O TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 289 ill!! . P .» w -M « «x^ ^ efl g 5 S c3 6 ^tot"1 CTJ •s^ S ^.J^.S S ^ii-£iiii§ S S g u 5 "^ 4 C 3 s 2 eg^i sgvaa tf£ 4j ^ B-S ! n) o> ? o d) (L) 3 3 I 4-> I 1 IO >O 4 4 10 10 44^ C/) te Bath te Moss I I i i! * il S; >*> P. n 'O ri.ii b I a> fe ^^ S « 2^ 290 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Remarks A vigorous growing, trailing variety with single, deep pink, showy flowers. Good for the rock-garden or for cov- ering slopes. A. D.G. 1 J8 ja 4-1 $* b^ 5. A dense growing shrub, with showy, single flowers about If inches across. The young foliage exhales an agreeable aromatic odor. The fol- lowing named are hybrids of the Sweet Briar: Amy Robsart, deep red; Flora Mclvor, rose- white; Lady Penzance, copper-yellow; Lord Pen- zance, fawn, with yellow centre; Lucy Bertram, deep crimson; Meg Merrilies, crimson; Anne of Gier- stein, dark crimson; Brenda, blush; Lucy Ashton, white edged pink; Bradwardine, clear rose. S. A beautiful shrub with slender, recurving branches; flowers If inches across, in many clusters. Excellent on banks, near water or in the shrub- bery border. A. D.G. 0) 0) 0) "3 a **-• o c a d /-w G °" 3 3 3 °o i— > I i— > h b I •2 c i C 0 Ou 6 Pu §* Q J^^w b£ V 10 4 so »o 00 rt 3 §§m8-3 - _ ||||| ia *l 1 1 %£ &* If! $ i J3 in £ 4 o 1 "3 g * r > ^* o r In SP i I • TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 291 il. !3 o"O bOT3 4) • -M £ C d £ w M «« CL ^ « B*H s.-§-" ^1 •M C I I rifBll»*ill •§>se 1 § «J ^S^g" I-M'S £! >» o c •Ofe'w t * s Is 292 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK and almos i-double, i n large clusters. Foli- , glossy. One of the lo D. da F A d> Sod •a .*%& o> o '" Q uble fl age de ep A. E 8 "g 3 2 * I * | | 3 $ H-l .£P.2 to to S 3 o ;2 ° S 2 a Jill p«<^ 08 Crimson Rambler Re I t f TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 293 Double flowers about clusters. A. D. rt -i -double flowers in clusters. Foll- deep green and glossy. New and of the best. A. D. Sem age one S 3" 4, C -M O 1 a *c -I u i! an 08 t en I -f 294 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Roses are d th, and bl une until f for bordering hybrid perp uld be set de cut back to w the ground er row m J t f r o d s of The Baby Ramble and bushy in gr continuously from They are excellent of perennials or Roses. They sho when planted, and 3 to 4 inches o spring. inch B. C. ble flowers ab numerous clust — 3 .si es are very asses among nd for beds of They s ch year i bushy; b Do in .2 "el !§» & a I I* 21 I* j 81 6p^ 5^ •o S3 S3 S TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 295 e -3 JS 6 11 2 -a a I ! I ! . ^H ^ I I 4 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 297 1 o 1 0 o o o o 0 000 i i i i i * * s x s 303 S3 O o I H- > 1 1 i 1 1 g g g g g 333 33 i 1— > Light crimson tl 41 -as fl J 6 g Ji-3 1 6 P4'C > fa y ^3"C u > tl = !! l^i si | 1 I! i1^ *i I Red-salmon - — Baronne de Maynard — Beauty of Waltham — Baron de Bonstetten — Boule de Niege — Caroline de Sansal — Charles Lefebvre i I I I A 9 S 8 11* 11 QUO O O III 1 1 — Countess of Rose- berry 298 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK i ' ' • 1 J5 « J-sl 33 2222222 § S ^ ^ 2 2 « §§ SGGCCGC S S ^^ »H,^^^^^A 3 3 •— > •— > ^ -S ^ G OT , 8 •S «'£ .S C x§ T3 Q -2 ^! 0 0 a; § 6g 6 •~^ *s ^ tj ° a Q I3-! IK gW-2 Hall r-lN ^ H Botanical Name i. i i 1 I I ! i 11 | § -S -8 "8 -8 Hi i 1 . : } I I 1 . I upuy Jamain arl of Dufferin YY 1?????? 0 W TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 299 g 8 3 3 5 2 g 3 U - -o e +•• *J 300 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Remarks - ® a .5 o o > > > > > > O O O O O O 'Z & 'Z £« £ & 222 2 22 o o 0 0 S S S £ fc ^ 000 H 5 S S c 8 S S 333 3 33 i i 4) 0) O) Sea 333 o § 8 H , « ^ a "3 , « • ^^ V^ *d "S •gS |8 ^ B| g| ^ o > o £ III Hill 5FP •-a Botanical Name i = 1 s It* 1 1 1 8 "8 I » S 111 3 1 -§ T T f T T f — Jules Margottin — Lady Helen Stewart 1 I 1 ! ! 1 t t t TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 301 1 2 e d 3 i— > 1 2 i 1 2 § June to Nov. June to Nov. June to Nov. June to Nov. June to Nov. June to Nov. June to Nov. June to Nov. i i fc z 2 2 S 8 3 3 .3 IS Rose- crimson •8 *a J3 "1 a i Q 0> U Rose-pink Rose- carmine || Clear rose c '3. i 4-> •a 1 Sg §Sg |1 111 «'5 ||'B — Mabel Morrison —Madame Chas. Wood — Mme. Gabriel Luizet — Magna Charta —Mme. Victor Verdier — Marchioness of Duf- ferin — Marchioness of Lome — Marchioness of Lon- donderry — Marchioness of Exe- ter — Margaret Dickson —Margaret de St. Amand — Marie Baumann —Marie Rady 302 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK • W June to Nov. i i i fc £ £ 222 d> QJ CJ 333 O O O O O O O — _ — 4-> 4-) •«-> -M i § i § § i § 1 Carmine shaded to maroon W _w Jtf 2 -s -1 ? a S ^s «±! 8* Cu ^ Q 1 1 ft 11 II |l II Q £ Ifi j|l!| S"|f }l Botanical Name — Marshall P. Wilder 1 S rff S 2 eS f f "? 1 1 • 1 f 1 ^ 1 -s * i 1 1 si « * ill i i« i ? I1 t t 7 T t t TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 303 • - ing varieties are the freest continuous flowering of all hey are valued because of rf, bushy habit of growth itful fragrance. They are vely tender, but can be itered if covered carefully te *j H rt bo 3 .3 Jg Jgjp 1 o i 1 2 8 1 o •M II II 22 22 8 8 8 8 1 o -M 8 1 o — 8 1 O -«-> 3 3 ^ 33 33 •—>•—» »—»•—» 3 •— » 3 3 Carmine Carmine- rose Rich maroon 1 gfeg 1 4.1 P"» 4) S^ ^* o 2 g- i^ g *i Pink striped with carmine 0) 1 £ 3 - 4-> a i Q „ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ~ ~ ^^^ * •o y 3. <> •M O •-^ 0 i 2 0) & 4) S 6 s a 1 1 1 S - 2 t 11 II en o) P > Vick's Caprice White Baroness *s ll 111 I | \ ! 1 1 m 304 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK u 8 8 8 6666 6666 3333 (D w m co >*« II £-g ! ii 13 >>-e M ppina ^ in Is B T3 T3 £3 •C -G rt PQ PQ T f TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 305 *- c" ^ "S 5 a 8 • 3 iiii -: i i r i § i i i 1 1 1 I | 1*511 f ? If f f? f ffl! ! 1 I 1 306 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK All All Jt4 •S3 ® •* £1 -| *s,4Jj 1 * ^ . a|= | CQ Ve cri :| I Is I os > a> O x -c < ^ ffl Q "S ° i-a al l« centre «o es 4 ^ li II !| 3p3 II rt^ u a i O -M 5 "5 co 4 * I a i i 1 I* to §• 5 a § .2 Jbd * « 3 -g .9 -M ^ § s II 1" 1 T T T I i I 1 308 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK I g-g ££.§ix 3 gj^-j ^o $ igS^j'sJ •n P . S 'O > Effective as a perennials. Chrysanthem in great abu Transplant o planted too use cheapens Sg s n» o a H 1 I 2 =8 u 8 13 - ll :a rs 3 3 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 309 HI ||| cjjji cv" o •Stf « Is * |2c^ -IS STS'gg •g-Ssg •§ S •£*££ «&££ '£ -° If | |JJS g> | ^ g S 1 d-'s & 2 § !§ o. >^^^ ijc^4_) nJ. s||-g ^l5^ ^ ^ J3"S»** :||1'SC)' -s-2 ^^ |^||^ J^llo °| ^ r. Somewhat similar to S. baby- lonica, but hardier; branches not quite so pendulous. A. D. F. T. A spreading tree with long, pend- ent branches and yellow-green bark. Very attractive near water. A. D. F. *3 •— » £ a |l 2 O O O O 6 3 6 « - - i > "O c Jd c — rt *2 bo .-3 bfl ^ "2^ rtC^^c^ •* P IP |p g « o^ ^ Thurlow's Willow Ruta graveolens i i ! ! ! i 1 1. 1| « x 'S2 M| ? II CQ 1 en 310 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Remarks T. Generally grafted on stems about 6 feet high. Branches spreading and drooping, forming an umbrella- shaped head. Usually a short-lived tree. A. F. r. Upright and spreading in growth, with chestnut-colored bark and large, shining, dark green foliage. Good for screens and quick effects. A. D.G. 7". In habit like the Kilmarnock Willow, but with more slender, drooping branches and narrow, gray leaves. A. F. T. A small, round-topped tree with upright branches. Leaves narrow, about 3 inches long, green above and gray-white beneath. Generally grafted on stems about 5 feet high. Good as single specimens on lawns. A.G. 5. Branches spreading and pendu- lous. Foliage narrow, blue-gray. Good for massing near water. A. D. F. H 1 $4>1» a«l |C 00 § 0 0 2 3 2 111 T— 1 »H T-l t— 1 *-H Ii ll slj Cfl ' S £ *>!» &t> fe S.S S * S jy c cx.2 S.2 Willow P jji .S'^S O 3^ ^jjl o|I | s 3 c/5 I . c3 *-• Botanica Name M H 1 «J N ii 1 **H 0$ 1 £ t |i I CO CO CO CO CO TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 311 * t> - ,'£ c •S'S. f 1" -c- <" b . o , ^^5^ I •s'P fl ^ -s'ii-i .C o o GO >»-*( r-:^3oo»-' 2 *** •*•• - . W n ^i J3 ij'fi H V at §!§£ ?g M . 8=j.g_ ««5 j^^ II w^a en > •- -ST-I^) o'S, « -Ji rt O rt *,S f> ^**^ S en »C •** T5 G fi *i^ tf) c • XX |^ tjo ^ IHtf Ifj Sir iu ;i K 13 jc fc b .. ^ > C' .i5 tJ S > Jill l°° -° S .05 «* b < * oa o« 3 i i a II 11 den Wil , 1 o S " 1 ll c/5 eadow Sage Golden- ved Elde I g .2 .2 03 ^ § S I I CO CO eg 312 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK j I iftliS t is attains its to become mer and f 1 s litl la I s '£ s 'S s 2 .22 .22 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 313 tty n race evergr n front borde flowers. A pre ers i ucous ssed i perennial of coarse ,S. flow gla ay to Au I I •c CQ Pale pink I , nde ton La C 314 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK • .a, II B. &U S .2 O ** -2 IE-S I ^ •§««» p c i_ J3 o I 1 II w I ^ 1 t 1 a I I a ^ iiii! 3 B>-P § English Name Cushion Flower I \ ng Climb ydra II I" Umbre Pine TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 315 III ", „ QJ ^•3 o a^ o -2°'S Similar to the preceding rt CS ./• 0 .3 •J3 "O w i Kifta bo a i II s ! *s a II cn •55 316 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK >•> 3 i Flat Foli the 9 ri"fl1 9* I O tyr) O 3 ~ 'n*? i I 8^ PQ >, "X3 3 §• C/) I! 3 « t||* ,|.2JH The House-leeks are grown more for their cactus-like rosettes of foliage than for their flowers. They can be grown in the smallest crevices of rocks or on moss-covered tree trunks. They can also be used to advantage in edg- ing carpet beds, and are always attractive. A. G. 1 "O f ^ tn ^ S .a 1 ?j . D . u O c* *3 i— > 3 3 g •—»•—» _, *3 »— » a 3 t— , 3 3 s a ^i ^ •a a JM d 1 « 2 fi <2 -^ ! 5 O 1 & o 4> OH "c3 ^ * i &H Q CU OH PQ S HH .2 d d .2 d d .M •H vO 00 00 2 00 00 vO vO vo oo 10 VO ...... |f II gg 1 '3 a 31 | H -2 &> o en ffi stoloniferum telephium var. ureum *o 10 III a -° g i rvivum Pittonii | it |i S-l &| & clS £ 1 •§ a o> 00 I2 § 318 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK se growing shrub with y foliage, and clusters ers along the stems. w, about the size of a in abundance. Good ks or seashore planting. .s.*, n ry we yello uced ban , de silve flo e low, or si all red- rod ndy S. A gray of sm Fruit pea, pr for sa G. fo A a •a .bo « ~§ 2 ffi O 13 i r 2 ii TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 319 wild- l bor- 1 foot rted. B. he nia u y owe shrubbery, in t ck of the peren deep green, abo twice pinnatel mble sun- mong or ba oliage e o a n o F o ood g, wers H. I garde der lon Flo C. 11 — tLJ CQ X £ £ £ £ £ ? JS .gft2 bp.2 g. •33 u "3 "u "33 >, CQ >, PQ >, -g 2 c ^ II "0*5 o >» HH 3 u t ! A | cio i o 3 1 ! C/3 320 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK - . JJtti £ c J5 >» O « t; " S ll IS 1 W S g.g 'C c' cu 3. ls° - TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 321 imr ft jili £ *U C •£ '2 C & 9, '•£ '3 4-> «J . Pyramidal in growth, with coarse, rough leaves, dark green above and silvery white beneath. Showy, or- ange-red fruit in large clusters. A. E.G. s B-as ,1 •II *i *3 5g ji d oJ 3 || 8 111 322 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK habit, with red-brown green foliage and dense s about 6 inches long. sides and dry places. N n ll g er liage de any -flow ooping e shrub snow. o hi S. prigh branches, ikes of fl for G. U n kes od D. 2 S o S r°j •a, £ 03 I TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 323 Resembles S. Billardii, but taller growth. Young branches red- wn, and flowers in dense, broad icles and 6 to 8 inches long. Good dry places and hill-sides. A. D.G. f* S . in bro pan lor if If a $ 2 *| «'g £ 1 •a i s <& ^ 324 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK b t i5 isn ii wi* o s» « •- g i! iiiji u 'iii 2 !| <-SS8g i« V5"38 5. Foliage round an Branches spreading Flowers in large , flat s A very attractive and A. D.G. g«.s Isll •g'S c a en I- GO TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 325 S 08 4 s "£?« C Cl-r} rt^-C > CQ 1 , CO 0) 326 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK II 3.2 II rt .Q 'l jff.Sjo 3 °-o •s < 5". utiul low shrub with mental, deep green, dense Branches spreading and d Flowers insignificant, in orn age ing. 4 S a i CQ II a 5 S^ 1 ll el £ I I 8 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 327 $^^ *-°< || -3 J3J3 C £ bO S .ti.y~ o3 s 3 Hi OJ r- E*W &C n!Hs .1. jMj.'IS^cjBQ SB ^11!! r°l .-^ii :^ g SM ..Si § ^ *l-l^ <-gc§S §S 3 ° to*"1"^ ^ i booJ C "I S CO 328 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK for covering banks It is spreading in g, slender branches wards the ground. inter it is covered currant-like fruit. uprig show ectiv rder. "S3 ! I A usefu d dry s bit and nd grace autumn th rac D.G. > a^ SL JH rt ^ o g v w.a 2 3 . 1 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 329 oJ co ^- — 2 « -^ ^3 £? O O i—1 I-* _ 5 bfl 5IH45* Dfco-ogcj re e all tr oliag es. ends lter der o A. al k fol che e e hel rd nch the sh bor n iz »-> -M «J-i B 4J • .s A rapidly grow ub with glossy der, recurving large panicles hes. Good g shrubs, in t secimen n nc on gle shru slen ers i bran amo singl •8 & I 3 ^^ g"2 O > •? «a O O ^ "85 £ 32 PH PH 330 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK ' 5. A very free-flowering variety, resembling S. persica, but more rapid in its growth; branches slender and slightly arching. Flowers very fra- grant. A. D.G. S. Branches upright and stout. Leaves broad, dull green. Flowers in narrow panicles. Valued for its late blooming season. A. G. 6". The most common of the lilacs. It is useful in masses of shrubbery and often used in making coarse hedges or screens. To keep the plant low and bushy they should be pruned severely ^each year, but pruning must be done immediately after the bloom- ing season. A. D.G. S. A white-flowering form of the pre- ceding. A. D.G. A great many varieties of hybrid Lilacs are offered by nursery-men, and below are named a few of the best. They are generally more dwarf in growth than the common lilac, and as they are often grafted on common % 3 l°l J* °8 ^H ^» 3 td g 1 £ ^ *a v !° Q£ 3 *d 3 ^ ^* Q* *~* OH Is* 2 0 0 III o 06 00 CO Hill »— 1 •<— < T-t T-t lI"JI _rt 1 to W-Sl si Is »J aj gl 1 i | 2v t-M u o *• w| CO s 5* ll to 1 •9 .9 .2 b£ 1* •S S > « «j 1 1 1 •fl fi O? O? W I/) TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 331 o"o, bfi III* *•"* CO ¥+ *^ « G o 2^ . O fH "^ Ctf g JJ J o £ 3 . S § N (^ Q | 3 JZ 1 1 1 1 1,1, } . f £ £ C/5 3 to 1 H Q II SSI 1 1 1 | S ., -- nJ 1 1 £ i fcO O 3 « (1) 4J 1 1 rs O, 4J > OJ r^ ' 03^ 3 -a i 1 I 2 | . i a s« S S $ £ S tf Q Rose-pink "8 ** ^ 2*a ^U l^l-ll PQ oo oo vO vo OO 00 00 VO VO vo OO OO OO OO \O vo vo vo 00 VO oo oo oo VO vo vo — Alphonse Lavalle — Belle de Nancy — Charles X — Counseiller Heyder — Comte Horace de Choiseul — Condorcet — Emile Lemoine — Jean Bart — Frau Bertha Dam- mann i • 0« o f — Louis van Houtte —Ludwig Spath — La Tour d'Auvergne 332 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK , 33 J« 33 bO 3 1 Q Q j! 1 1 3 bfl 3 5 ^ x $ x & JB ^. 1 1 Q (75 /§ ^ ^i £ 0 •§ •§ •§ o o o N Q Q Q jy *o 3 bfl 0 C Q w g >» >> 0**^ o cd oJ ctJ nj ctf cj d rt rt nJ CJ (3 •^ s s s s s s s s s s S S ^ io6o>^^^& 0 ° O o O CJ cj ^3 n3 c^J 0) 0) £ ia £ ^ ^ ° y (2 1 g o 13 o o PS; o^ pi « 1 § Is* I'll gS.2 vO vo vo VO vo VO CO OO VO VO op op op op vO vo vo vo OO OO >o >o P 1s i-3 1 |.a l| srP 11 So P 1 j | J - » 1 §cj o -u-a ^ l|Jl £ wH.c c-o .5 U 38 SS B i •S' «£8fg"g •ISC*"1 rr n ma Its foli yello short arbo i d on ly ges. ari 2 §| • a ered eath olumbine Meadow rue . n §> tl $« 3 « 336 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK c §2 I* 11 l ll !i fe O) £? S -ti O IB •F O £*• II c* G •S'S o cd ^1 |* a TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 337 3 "8 5- 1 111 •c3 1 •Siyj •s^^ s^ ' oT °° o v 3 •Si *1 . "3 "^ tj . SjLjj cS^ ti 1 2^ Q 1-! &g G 2 "- U) 11 11 r. In growth like the Ame arbor vitse. Foliage heavy and green. Excellent for hedges screens. A . D.G. I a 1 1! O o 11 S. Dwarf and dense in habit slender branches and yellowish age. Very hardy and useful. A. 5. Very dwarf in growth, and a creeping. Foliage dark green. E.G. 5. A pretty pyramidal or t shaped low tree or shrub with c flat, light green foliage which brown in winter. B. C. E. G. S. A variety of the preceding foliage golden yellow in spring, c] ing to bright green. B. C. E. G S. Similar to the preceding. • to 10 3 0 6 3 5 4 to to cs fS . cs CS CN cs CS CN |.| « ll || "cO aj 1 O n S J_, > *-• 0) U, ^ >- 3* OJ (4 c ^•2 ll O *4J C i ^< < < >< J O s i? ii ii 13 5 S occidentalis A midalis occidentalis \ rsii 1 3 ° 0) occidentalis v )acta occidentalis \ aeneana occidentalis \ B Gem ohentalis 1 1 3 aS 1 ll 8 I1 1 p |I Is 1" 338 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK — s s ^3 9,2 ll a-s pq .ss II O 03 ll IS Is S3 £§«> S3 romatic. Creeping eries. A. se and a orled. for roc Leaves den small, who ood f -T bfl oj-O Q S|§ ra ac j'fl •*-» > •s 1 i • c IH D QJ til II A pretty native perennial wi dark green leaves and s O U JS J2 2 OJ^M ll ll . •oH •S-8 rt > O TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 339 T. A handsome round-headed tree with red bark and deep green, pubes- cent leaves. Showy and sweet- scented flowers. Foliage smaller than that of the preceding. Good for avenues. A. E.G. s American Linden or Bass-wood European Bass-wood I! Ill §| 3|a •"•* d^ l B rt a HI 340 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK ' r. Branches upright, forming a pyramidal, compact head. Leaves large, pale green above and white- tomentose beneath. A . D. G. 5. A small tree or shrub much used for hedges. It is somewhat thorny and bears inedible orange-like fruits. It is a gross feeder and requires rich soil. B. C. Leaves coarse and grass-like; flowers in showy umbels. Good in masses near water. A. F. I. +J 1 .2 .2 2 '§ c75 1 CJO A tuberous-rooted native perennial, with solitary three-petaled flowers about 3 inches across. It turns light pink as it fades. Leaves broad, light green in clusters of three on erect stems. Good among ferns, in the rockery or naturalized in masses under trees. There are many species, but the T. grandiflorum is the best. A. F. I. bb bio c >> 3 3 3 g o> S C3 u__ o .5^.0 O O — 0) ^ *C 3 3 1 a o i S (U a 1 1 1 S S.lfJ | »0 CO e*J C3 O .2 o p 00 00 m 0 13 - - - - '8 o>£>'jQ § Q«Mt§£ C & .2 *c3*o M C s c ^*o TO 2 || 32.2 2 o 1 O •S £ 1^ ^ C& I ^ o 0 1 1 1 • '& s 1 |fc i ! V 1 •3 1 1 ! i 1 i ^ 1 | .3 1 B T3 2 § 3 j| H H H H H (H TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 341 S « o | *-2 ^ ~ §"2 &.-3 S c&5 || •S «"* o jj J2 o [g -M*O S c ex "3 C 0 ctf _1 £ "o " 1%-afll 1 ll ^l ii2"ij I c *3*gj — ^^Cjj vC to iiiiim 3 O CJ 3 O — C . 2tu G.W fcfibfioJ 2 i £ E jfl 3 3 i— > •— j 1 1 I ! ^ I »— i O O •M 4-» O K> o 1 I 3 33333 rt C a .s p • b. C ^ C !» i^ S^ §£ So ^ i| 1 i — — 2 S O * "S^ "o^ *oi5 2 "Si O>»O>>O>^O "C |f « PQ .2 £ o o *e •* '"c ** -c *c $ H H H H Trollius europaeus 342 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK s h a st le il$* -fiojfi ill i-slU; : tr-g £ S>S'S S 5fc; £ O " dJ /•< j_> ^-* *C ^^ U« g*~ e C 6^-43 -g . o w*yi& « i*O 9"C boo, u^ Plillii'5 GJ- box— u, C J> . |J5»S|£J "Fir.ii CL Q- XJ ^ ^X •— — ~— , • t; g-iJ aO .5 s a I § I ill O Carolina Hemlock TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 343 «2a .4 I 344 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Fo sp fu m u Q Double Dropwor III 1) §S a I'l a TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 345 . i Bl ^ iH all, bright yel- for color con- ge. B. C. E. G. . 1 • la * -s So "O J3 0,0 ^^ 1#S * 3 ^Oju £.0 . >> . J3 1, Sf .^ bo'° r^ I ^'S •- ^ " rf m a,-- Jrt OT !> >-i en £f'O ^^o^l 3 3 C ^ *" JS1^ *^"eo u W "" 13 r? *ft °-2 2 C 00 M-i « ~ _ ~ o S,'3* "ofe rt4 •c-S.'o ° Stj' 11 HjG "^ ^^^"^ nch wy. g shrub sometime^ Flowers in s across. F A. E. F. T28 o §s§ QJi« OJr* CO OT •§•&!=! |§c^- 55 2— RJ 3 ^ co °« C :iin : ** ill .2 o g »-^ III a 1 3 2 Is S 1 350 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK • A good shrub for massing in coarse borders. A. D.G. S. Upright and bushy in growth, with hairy branches and dull green foliage. Flower-clusters small and flat; fruits showy, scarlet. A. E.G. S. A pretty shrub with large, rough foliage, light green above and silvery beneath. Stout , upright branches and large heads of flowers followed by showy clusters of bright red fruit. A . D.G. S. An upright shrub with slender branches and deep ^ green leaves which resemble V. cassinoides. Fruit blue-black and very ornamental. A. D.G. S. Resembles V. dentatum, but with larger and darker green foliage. A. D.G. S. In growth similar to the last. Flowers in flat clusters about 5 inches across. Fruit pink changing to dark blue. A handsome shrub. A . D.G. 0> OJ C C S S >• 3 S 3 »— » 3 i—) I'sS <% da 08 « H pq >» >» s. ^ u rt rt rt at a 3 O 4) S (tf QJ *^ | t V I jl 1 1 § 1 3 a n !j I 1 f 1 i 1 1 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 351 f s. n d p e nd spreading in grow , light gray branches a leaves. Flat heads t 3 or 4 inches _ acro of decorative fruit begi the end of July an the branches and kee t scarlet color until th ng spring. A. D.G. ,S'~ o . right wit moot, brod, rough flors abou The clusters to color by remain on their brigh followin Up h s 5. 2 g« u J 352 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK shrub with d large, dark lower-clusters s across. One existence. It of the old-fash- l, because of the from attacks of fall coloring of fine. B. C. G. g n F ng bra h l ou st th n it p is . spr gre glo of ha ion fre the the 1- ly in c gh. 1 « 3 1 Periwinkle or Myrtle s d Variegat Myrtl a* TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 353 •o^ a) 2 -d P Sl ped. imes ural- N leaves. rofusion. ckery or n e G »- Ja^ 2r bfl-O-S • S S-'* '-8 dee , prod trees, laces. ila S 2 o — i 3 I h a « 08 08 S 3 a a> .(_> 3 8- > T^ S 3 8 3 3 3 o o ji & 1 i ! »§ l-l 354 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK eep or er- rse dant long. ood ted ive ped flow rs, some green, c heavy trel covering rained to c 5, " R ea-sha clusters, Lig for for if t 2 0*2 & I t = S 53 1 & 2 O m °2 II .2 "3 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 355 ubtedly the best of the Wista- It flowers while very young, rying in this respect from the com- n Chinese variety, and produces undant loose clusters of flowers metimes 2 feet long. A . D. G. Undo va m ab so i-S 2 Je- 2 is American Wistaria 356 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK 1 a .2 N WHEN AND HOW TO PLANT. The matter of when to plant is often a puzzling When to question to the amateur; and to give one answer Plant which will apply to all species and localities is obviously impossible. Spring is commonly con- sidered the best season, for the reason that plants set out at that time have abundant opportunity to become well established in the ground before the following winter. The planting-season may extend from the earliest time at which the ground is free from frost until, perhaps, the first of June. The later period, however, requires the use of plants that have been kept dormant, as it is ordinarily unsafe to move them after they have leaved out to any extent. Their becoming established is a matter of renewing root-growth that has been disturbed by transplanting, and this fact has led the author to the belief that early fall planting may be employed equally advantageously. It has been his experience that root-growth continues after the leaves have performed their functions and have commenced to drop off. Transplanted at this semi-dormant period, the plant becomes sufficiently well established to endure the ensuing winter, and is in a position to take advantage of the earliest spring warmth, and to make vigorous growth the following summer. This fall plant- ing-season lasts (in the vicinity of New York and Boston) from about the first week of September until the ground is frozen. When transplanted in the fall, trees and plants Whiter of a more tender nature should be protected against Protection drying winds and severe cold. This protection should usually not be applied until after the ground is frozen to a depth of two or three inches. Individual trees and shrubs may be wrapped with straw, burlap, or evergreen boughs; and it is well to first strengthen the plant with a strong pole inserted firmly in the ground. Groups of Rhododendrons or deciduous shrubs of questionable hardiness may be protected 358 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK by inserting evergreen boughs thickly among them ; these should be somewhat taller than the plants themselves. Herbaceous perennials may be given a light mulch with hay, straw, leaves or coarse, strawy manure ; but they must not be covered until after the ground is frozen at least two inches deep, and the mulch must not be so thick and heavy as to hold excessive moisture and rot the plants. After the ground has been prepared by digging How to to a depth of eight to twelve inches, working in Plant plenty of well-rotted stable manure, and grading carefully, individual holes should be dug for the trees, shrubs or plants. These must be large enough to allow the roots to be spread naturally, and deep enough to set the plant somewhat deeper than before transplanting. Perennials should be about an inch, shrubs two or three inches, and trees three or four inches deeper. Good loam, free from lumps and coarse manure, should be worked in among the roots, and care- fully compacted. Individual trees, particularly such as are planted on lawns and avenues, may be benefited by leaving around them a circle of two or three feet, kept open by cultiva- tion, until they become well established. Care must be taken, however, that no basin be left to gather water and allow ice to form about the trunk in winter. It is difficult to state a definite rule for the spac- Distances ing of plants, as the distance varies according to the Apart species and the effect desired. In general, it may be said that where a dense growth is desired, as in borders and screens, shrubs which attain a height of from six to eight feet should be set from three to three and a half feet apart; those growing from two to four feet high should be set from two and a half to three feet apart. Herbaceous perennials should be spaced about as follows. Plants attaining a height of four to eight inches, and not trailing, eight inches apart; those growing twelve to eighteen inches high, one foot apart; coarse plants, growing two feet high and over, one and a half to two feet apart. These dis- tances, however, are dependent upon the bushiness or spread of the plants; hollyhocks, for instance, which grow more than five TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 359 feet tall, should be planted as near together as one foot, to obtain a good effect. Deciduous trees and shrubs should be given a Priming severe cutting-back or pruning when transplanted. More or less roots are always bruised and broken during transplanting, and all such should be trimmed off with pruning-shears or a sharp knife, as the bark cannot heal over a rough wound. In order to insure a strong and healthy growth, as well as to cause the plant to become bushy or attain any desired shape, it is well to cut off from each branch one-third to one-half of the previous summer's growth. Fruit-trees respond especially to free pruning at the time of transplanting. The matter of when and how to prune established shrubs and trees depends upon their habits and the purpose for which the operation is performed. Shrubs that bloom early in the spring form their flower-buds during the preceding summer, and they should therefore not be pruned until immediately after flowering, if their flowering is to be preserved. Late-blooming shrubs flower on wood of the same season's growth, and should be pruned while dormant, in late winter or very early spring. One-third the previous season's growth may be removed. Shrubs planted in masses should be pruned regularly to induce a dense growth, and to prevent individual plants from becoming too tall, with unsightly, open branches. The shearing or trimming of hedges in cold Shearing climates, should never be done later than July first, as late cutting allows a tender new growth, which does not have time to ripen properly and consequently is liable to winter-kill. The shearing of individual shrubs to form flat- topped, globe, pyramidal, or other unnatural-shaped specimens should, as a general rule, be avoided. Fruit-trees require pruning to check too vigorous growth, and, as is the case with ornamental trees, to keep them symmetrical. The removal of a portion of the new growth concentrates the nourishment supplied by the roots in the remaining branches, and, if the tree is of bearing age, influences the production of larger, better fruit. Too severe pruning, however, induces the growth of new wood, at the expense of fruit. All cuts must be 360 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK made cleanly with a sharp knife or priming-shears, leaving no projecting stubs of branches. If a large branch is removed, it is well to cover the exposed wood with a lead paint of good quality, to prevent the entrance of decay. If the wood is kept sound and healthy, the bark will gradually grow over the wound, finally closing it completely. OUTDOOR CULTURE OF ROSES. While roses can be grown in almost any kind of Soil soil they prefer that it be deep, rich and well drained. If it contains considerable clay, the growth will be more luxuriant and the blooms richer in color. As they are gross feeders, the soil should be well enriched with thoroughly decomposed stable manure. If this is done the fall before the roses are to be planted and thoroughly spaded into the soil, the results will be better. The subsoil should be loose and of such a character that water will pass through it quickly. If it is not naturally so, the subsoil should be removed to a depth of two or three feet and the bed refilled with coarse porous material at the bottom and rich soil placed above. Roses like protection from strong winds in sum- Location mer, also from the damaging winds of March and early April when the sap is just becoming active in the top and before root action has begun. They require a fair amount of sunlight and a southern exposure. They should not be planted too near buildings or tall trees, for in these places they are more susceptible to attacks from mildew. They should be protected from alternate freezing and thawing during late winter, for this is especially likely to cause winter-killing. The location for the rose garden should be such that when once frozen it may remain in that condition when properly mulched. Field-grown plants should be transplanted in early Season of spring, or in the fall as soon as they become suffi- the Year for ciently dormant to be moved without danger of Planting shriveling or withering. Spring is usually considered the best season, as the plants start into growth at once, and become well established before the following winter. Pot-grown roses can often be secured and planted during the summer, and are useful for filling in vacant spaces in beds. Distances apart for planting roses are regulated Distances somewhat by the varieties used. Such varieties for as Moss Roses, Persian Yellow Roses and other Planting strong growing kinds may be set three feet apart, 362 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Hybrid Perpetuate about two feet apart, and Teas and Hybrid Teas from one and one-half to two feet apart. In planting several varieties in one bed, the stronger growing kinds should be placed in the centre, or if in borders, they should be set back of the weaker growing kinds. Budded or grafted plants should be set so deeply Planting that the junction of the bud or graft is at least three inches below the surface of the soil. In fact, deep planting is one of the most essential things in successful rose cul- ture. After placing the plant in position, the earth should be firmly pressed in around it. The roots should be placed in a natural position, and loam free from hard lumps carefully worked in between them. Care should be taken that plants, while out of the ground, are kept from the wind and sun, and that the roots are never allowed to become dry. Pot-grown plants should be carefully removed from the pots and set in the ground without disturbing the roots or breaking the ball of earth, and after planting, some shade should be given for a few days, and a liberal amount of water applied. If dormant plants are set out in the spring, they Priming should be pruned immediately after planting. After being set to the proper depth and the ground lev- eled, they should be cut down to within three or four inches of the ground. If planted in the fall, the pruning should be df f erred until early in the following spring, so that such wood as winter- kills may be removed. To obtain the best flowers, and in order to keep the plants thrifty and attractive, it is necessary that ever-blooming varieties should be cut back to within a few inches of the ground each spring. In pruning the Hybrid Perpetuals all weak wood should be removed and the strong canes cut back to within three or four buds above the ground. Moss Roses, and such other varieties which bloom only in the spring, should be pruned immediately after flowering. TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 363 During the summer an occasional watering with Summer liquid manure will be beneficial. Arrangements Treatment should be made if possible for a constant water sup- ply in the rose garden, for the foliage is kept in a good, healthy condition and insects are kept in check by syring- ing with considerable force early in the morning on bright days. Water should not, however, be applied during the middle of the day. In late fall, when the plants are well ripened, Winter some protection should be given, and while loam Protection heaped up around the plants furnishes the best pro- tection, leaves, hay or straw to the depth of from eight inches to one foot may be used for covering. It is best to apply mulches for winter protection after the ground has frozen somewhat. Many insects attack the rose plants. Among Insects these the green fly, or aphis, the rose chafer, or rose- bug, and the red spider are the most troublesome. The rose-bug is the hardest of the enemies to combat, and it has been the experience of the writer that paris green dusted over the plants is most effective. The red spider is a very small insect, which is scarcely distin- guishable to the eye. It is generally found on the under sides of the leaves, which soon assume a sickly yellow tinge. It is most destructive to plants trained against buildings or in positions where they are particularly exposed to the hot sun. The most effective remedy is syringing with cold water, thrown in an upward manner, to reach the undersides of the leaves, and applied with sufficient force to remove the insects from the leaves. The aphis, or green fly, can be exterminated by dusting the plants with tobacco dust while they are wet with dew, or by spraying with water in which tobacco stems or leaves have been soaked. Mildew often causes considerable injury. It Fungous is generally caused by sudden atmospheric changes, Diseases or by continued cloudy or damp weather. As a remedy, dry sulphur may be shaken over the plant early in the morning, while the leaves are wet with dew. LAWNS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM. The term " lawn," as generally understood, is applied to a grass-covered plot of ground, usually in the neighborhood of a dwelling or other building, kept smooth and clean by continuous care and close mowing. In more than one sense the lawn is an essential part of any well-kept estate; but its chief service is, together with its attendant trees and shrubs, as a setting for the more individual features it may surround. The first matter to be considered in preparing a lawn is the grading. The contour should be such that no hollows allow the retention of water during spring " thaws; " yet no opportunity for erosion, due to excessive slope or concentrated drainage, should be allowed. It may be here suggested that a slightly con- caved surface adds to the apparent extent of a plot — a point that frequently is taken advantage of in grading between a house and the street upon which it fronts when the actual dis- tance is short. The matter of drainage must, however, receive careful consideration when this method is attempted. Very rarely is under-draining necessary, except in unusually heavy or clayey soil; when employed, lines of three-inch tiles should be laid fifteen feet apart, and from two and one-half to three feet below the surface. In uneven ground, when the leveling or lowering of the sur- face is necessary, the top-soil, if it is loam of any value, should be laid aside, and the subsoil removed to the required depth, after which the loam may be replaced and graded evenly. For a vigorous and permanent greensward, from eight to ten inches of loam are required. The latter should be enriched with an abun- dance of well-rotted stable manure applied at the rate of eight cords to the acre, which when spread evenly gives a depth of two or three inches. This should be thoroughly worked into the soil by plowing or spading, to a depth of eight inches or more ; stones and coarse sods and weeds must be removed by harrowing or 366 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK raking. It is a frequent objection that barn manure carries quantities of weed-seeds, but as a matter of fact, the weeds spring- ing from this source are usually of small consequence, the greater number having been already in the soil. The best season for sowing grass-seed is doubtless in early spring, but good results are obtained when the sowing is made in the fall, early enough so that the grass will make substantial growth before frost. It is well to edge walks, drives, bedding- spaces, and other portions exposed to injury with sods of firm texture, and of a quality that will blend later with the seeded growth. Excellent mixtures of lawn-grass seeds are supplied by reliable seed-dealers, and their advice can generally be relied upon in the selection of a mixture suitable for use in any par- ticular location. As the proportion of non-germinating seeds is often considerable, even in the best mixtures, the quantity sown should be liberal, the usual amount being four bushels per acre, or one-quarter pound per hundred square feet. The seed should be scattered evenly, and in sowing it is advis- able to go over the ground twice, lengthwise, then crosswise. The work should never be attempted on a windy day; early in the morning is considered the best time of day. The soil should be moist, yet not wet enough to prevent the easy raking-in of the seed, and a smooth rolling immediately after sowing. The rolling should be done thoroughly by two or more applications of a moderately heavy iron roller. In a dry season, daily watering is beneficial. This should be done carefully and lightly, so as not to wash the seeds from the ground. After the first mowing, the rolling should be repeated once or twice ; and frequent mowing will do much toward inducing a thick, velvety growth. Should the new grass be killed in spots during the first winter, the bare spaces should be resown liberally ; depressions caused by the set- tling of newly-graded soil may be filled with finely-screened loam in which seeds have been thickly mixed. Another rolling should follow. The care of lawns involves three things: the eradication of weeds, feeding, and mowing. For the first, various chemical weed- killers are found in the market; but their use is no more certain and consumes scarcely less time and labor than the old-fashioned TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 367 method of uprooting the undesirable plants with an old knife or some suitable garden tool. One of the best ways of keeping down the weeds is to encourage the grass by generous treatment, as it is where the grass is thin and the soil is poor that the weeds grow most vigorously. Yearly dressing with fertilizer of some kind is necessary to the best condition of any lawn. As a rule, commercial fertilizers do not give the permanent effect secured through using well- rotted manure. Pulverized sheep-manure, wood-ashes, bone- dust, or fine rich soil, or humus, may be used to advantage. The application should be made in early spring, so that spring rains will carry the plant-food well into the soil. As has already been said, watering, for the old lawn as well as for the new, should be done by some means that affords a fine spray of long duration, rather than by a deluge from a coarse nozzle. Frequent mowing is essent'al to the well-being of any lawn. By it the growth of coarse seed-stalks is prevented, and the grass is kept smooth and of good texture. A carrier for catching the grass as it is cut by the mower is a great convenience, and, espe- cially in the case of a new lawn, avoids the danger of uprooting the grass by raking too vigorously. The rolling action of^the lawn mower is also beneficial. THE INSECT PESTS OF SHADE TREES AND SHRUBS. By H. T. FERNALD, Massachusetts Agricultural College. The insects which attack our ornamental trees and shrubs are of many kinds and work in a variety of ways. Almost every kind of plant has its especial foes, while numerous general feeders may be found on many different plants. Some feed on the roots, others bore in the trunk or branches, many more consume the leaves, and others suck the sap from the branches or leaves. Such a diversity of methods of attack renders necessary corre- sponding methods for checking the ravages of these pests, and a knowledge of how the insect causes the injury is in each case necessary before successful treatment can be undertaken. So many different insects are concerned, however, that anything like a careful consideration of them must be left to special works on the subject, and only general considerations and a more complete discussion of a few of the most serious pests can be included here. In general, insects feed either by biting off and swallowing pieces of the plant, or by sucking its juices. Biting insects are provided with jaws for this purpose, while in sucking insects the mouth-parts are combined to form a sucking tube, together with structures which enable these insects to make holes through the surface of the plant to where the sap is, and then to suck this into their bodies. With biting insects, a poison spread over the surface, which the insect will swallow as it feeds, will pass to the stomach of the pest and cause it to die, and such poisons are generally called stomach poisons, for that reason. The more usual stomach poisons used are paris green and arsenate of lead. For sucking insects, stomach poisons spread, as they must be, on the surface of the plant are of no value, the sucking tube of the insect being passed through this layer into the hole it makes in the plant, while the plant juices are extracted from beneath the surface. For such insects as these, then, other methods of control must be 370 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK used, and oils, soaps and similar materials, called contact poisons, are the more usual substances for this purpose. Contact poisons appear to destroy insects by covering them, or at least the openings of their breathing organs, with a film, thus suffocating them, and it is at once evident that unless a sucking insect be actually touched by some of the contact poison, the treatment will fail. With biting insects the poison may be spread over the tree to wait until the insect in its feeding reaches and swallows it ; with sucking insects only those touched by the poison at the time it is applied will be destroyed; and if we remember that many of the sucking insects are exceedingly small, the necessity for the most thorough application possible of the poison becomes evident. GENERAL FEEDERS. THE LEOPARD MOTH. This insect is a native of Europe. It reached this country at Ho- boken, N. J., about 1881, and since that time it has spread east- ward, mainly along the coast, and is now found quite abundantly as far east as eastern Massachusetts. It attacks many kinds of shade trees and shrubs, and appears to be most injurious in and near the larger cities and towns. The adult insect is a good sized moth with white wings bearing numerous blue-black spots. It appears during the latter part of May, from which time specimens may be found till late in Septem- ber. The eggs are laid in sheltered places such as crevices of the bark, usually on the small branches, and on hatching, the young borers work through the bark to the wood. Here they feed, work- ing downward. When the branch becomes too small for the rap- idly growing borer, it leaves it and enters another. Sometimes the boring is along the centre of the branch; sometimes it takes the form of a large cavity, and sometimes it passes around the branch and girdles it. By winter the borer is usually about half grown, and has entered one of the larger branches, leaving weakened smaller ones behind. TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 371 The following spring, feeding is resumed in the larger branches, and by the end of this season the borers are full grown. Early the next spring, they work out to the surface and change to quiet pupae, from which the adult moths emerge during the summer. Spraying for these insects is useless, as the moths do not feed and the borers work inside the branches almost entirely. Infested limbs are quite easily recognized by the woody, partly digested material thrown out of the openings of the tunnels, and these limbs can be cut off and burned, or if not too badly injured a little carbon disulphide (obtained from druggists) can be injected into the openings of the tunnels, which should then be immediately closed with putty or soap, so that the gas produced may not es- cape, but follow along the tunnel and kill the borer. Badly in- fested trees are usually too difficult to treat and should be de- stroyed. Careful watching during the summer, to discover parts attacked before it is too late, followed by the removal or treat- ment of the infested branches, as described, is the best treatment at present known. THE SAN JOSE SCALE. The San Jose* Scale is probably a native of China, but is now present nearly everywhere in the United States. It feeds upon a large number of trees and shrubs, seriously checking their growth, and in many cases destroying them entirely. Besides fruit trees and currants, on which it is a most serious pest, it is often very abundant and injurious to the following shade trees and shrubs: Amelanchier, Cornus, Crataegus, Cydonia japonica, Populus, Prunus, Ptelea, Pyrus, Ribes, Rosa, Salix, Sorbus, Syringa, Tilia, Toxylon and Ulmus, of different species (see tabulated list of plants, page 142). It is also often found on other trees and shrubs, but the above are those most liable to be much injured. The adult insect is smaller than a pin-head and covered by a hard shell or scale, circular in outline, and brown or grayish in color. It is usually most abundant on the smaller branches and twigs, but when very abundant may also be present on the leaves. When winter sets in all ages may be present, but the very young and the adult scales die during the winter, leaving only those from 372 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK one-third to two-thirds grown to reach the adult condition in the spring. This is accomplished by the latter part of May or early June, and then the young appear, one or two every few days for a month or more. These young, which are born alive, are very tiny, lemon-yellow insects which escape from beneath the scale of the parent and crawl about for a day or two. Each has a long beak through which to suck the sap frc/m the plant, and on finding sat- isfactory places the young settle down, force their beaks through the bark and begin to feed. White waxy threads now grow out of their backs and mat together, forming very small white specks as the first coverings of the insects. To these are added molted skins from the insects beneath, turning the scales brown or gray, and enlarging them, and thus the scale covering the adult insect is gradually formed. The young become adult in about a month, and then they them- selves produce young and there are three or four generations, according to the length of the season, before winter ends this pro- cess. During the summer enormous numbers of the insects are produced in this way. If all the young born survived, and themselves produced the normal number of young in each genera- tion, it would be possible for the descendants of one female to number over three billions in a single season. Fortunately, death reduces this number greatly, but enough remain of ten to seriously injure or even kill the plant they are on, by removing the greater part of the sap from it, and thus drying it up. This pest is very difficult to control, first, because being a suck- ing insect it must be actually hit by a contact poison sprayed onto it; second, because of its small size, which renders it very difficult to reach all of the individuals by spraying, and finally, because of the shell or scale which covers it, protecting it from the spray. For this reason very strong materials must be used, in order either to penetrate or work under the scale, and these are hardly safe to apply while the plant is growing. Spraying for this pest must accordingly be done during the period after the leaves drop in the fall and before the buds open in the spring. The lime-sulphur wash and miscible (often wrongly called " soluble ") oils are the most usual sprays to use for the purpose. These materials are on the market under various trade names, and only need dilution TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 373 with water before applying. The spraying must be very thor- oughly done, however, if satisfactory results are desired, and it seems desirable, if possible, to use an oil one winter and the lime- sulphur wash the next, thus alternating the two materials. THE GYPSY MOTH. This notorious pest was accidentally introduced from Europe to a point near Boston about 1869, and has now spread all over east- ern and central Massachusetts, into central and southern New Hampshire, southern Maine, and portions of Rhode Island and Connecticut. It is likely to appear anywhere in the New England and Middle Atlantic states locally at any time, as the result of being carried on freight, trees, automobiles or trains from in- fested territory to that not yet infested. The adult moths are found in July and August and a few strag- glers may be met with early in September. The female has a large body and grayish-white wings bearing irregular, indefinite, darker markings, and measuring about an inch and a half between the tips of the extended wings. The males are rather smaller, and much darker in color. The eggs are laid mainly during the latter part of July and Au- gust, in clusters of from two hundred to four hundred, mixed with brownish hairs from the body of the moth, which conceal the eggs themselves. The clusters are placed on trees, rocks, fences or on any rubbish at hand, and the eggs remain unhatched until the fol- lowing spring. The tiny caterpillars escape from the eggs about the time the leaves develop, and begin to feed, and are full grown in most cases during June, being at this time two inches or more in length, rather stout, and with numerous rather long hairs, though the caterpillar could hardly be called " furry." These caterpillars now crawl from the leaves to the trunk, fences or rocks, and here they spin a few scattering silk threads around themselves, and then change to short, brown pupae, within which they change from caterpillars to moths. This change having been completed, the moths escape from the pupae in July or Au- gust, and lay their eggs for another generation. 374 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK This insect is a very serious pest for several reasons. It feeds in the caterpillar stage on a very large number of trees, shrubs and other plants, and is most voracious. It increases rapidly in num- bers and is very resistant to stomach poisons used as sprays. On the other hand, the female moth is so heavy it cannot fly, so that the insect spreads mainly by the caterpillars' crawling, and by the caterpillars' or moths' being carried to new places by vehicles they may get onto. The best methods for the destruction of this pest are by destroy- ing the egg clusters during the fall or winter by soaking them with creosote oil mixed with a little turpentine and coal tar. This can be done by using a swab soaked in the mixture and fastened to the end of a pole, pressing the wet swab against the egg clusters. The caterpillars feed mainly at night and hide from the light to a con- siderable extent in the daytime, hence loose burlap bands around tree trunks will draw many there for concealment, and they can then be easily destroyed. In some cases, spraying heavily with a strong stomach poison, particularly when the caterpillars are young, is quite effective. At present, all hope of a general control of this insect rests in the success of parasitic enemies imported from the native home of this insect, an experiment now being con- ducted by the United States Department of Agriculture and the State of Massachusetts, in co-operation. THE BROWN-TAIL MOTH. The brown-tail moth was accidentally brought to Massachu- setts about 1890, and since that time has spread from near Boston, where it was first observed, to Maine and Nova Scotia on the northeast, central New Hampshire on the north, the Connecticut River on the west, and to northeastern Connecticut on the south. It has also been found in other parts of the country on im- ported plants, but so far as known, these cases have all been im- mediately discovered and the insects destroyed. Colonies which originated in this way are likely to be discovered at any time, how- ever, and in any case a general distribution of the pest over at least the eastern United States is almost certain to occur sooner or later. TKEES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 375 The adult moth is pure white, except at the end of the body, which bears a tuft of golden brown hairs, which has given the in- sect its name. It measures about an inch between the tips of the extended wings, and flies at night during the first half of July. The moths are active and are attracted to lights, and may often be seen clustering around street lights. They lay their eggs in clus- ters on the leaves of trees, mingled with brown hairs from the end of the body, which conceal the eggs themselves, and an egg cluster may contain from 200 to 400 eggs. These hatch during August, and the little caterpillars feed in company, and when abundant may skeletonize the leaves, causing them to turn brown. In September each cluster of caterpillars passes to the tip of a twig and here spins a web, drawing together a number of leaves for the purpose. These webs or nests of silk and leaves are quite small, being perhaps three or four inches long, and generally an inch or two across, and are very tough and resistant to attempts to tear them open. In these tents the caterpillars winter, leaving them as the buds open and the leaves begin to grow in the spring. The caterpillars now scatter in all directions, feeding on the buds and leaves, and become full grown about the middle of June. They then pupate among the leaves, and from these pupae the moths appear in July. The caterpillars are quite general feeders, but their favorite food plants are perhaps the fruit trees, the oaks, maples and elm. Two reddish spots on the back, one behind the other and not far from its hinder end, make the recognition of this caterpillar easy. Besides the injury to the trees which this insect causes, it is the source of much discomfort and even of suffering to persons where it is abundant. The caterpillar bears numerous finely barbed and brittle hairs, some of which, at least, are also poisonous, and when the caterpillars molt, pupate, or the adults escape from the pupa, these hairs seem to become liberated and are carried by the winds. When the hairs strike the human skin, they appear to work their way in to it and produce a severe irritation known as the " brown-tail rash." Cooling mixtures may be used to relieve this, such as 376 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Menthol, 10 grain* Zinc oxidi, 2 drama Aq. calcis, 8 ounces Acid carbolici, 15 drops To control the insect, use is made of the habit of the caterpillars of wintering in colonies together in webs or nests at the tips of the twigs, these being cut off and burned at any time during the late fall or winter. When the caterpillars are feeding, either dur- ing the early fall or in the spring, spraying with arsenate of lead is a quite effective method of control. THE FALL WEB WORM. This insect feeds on a large list of shade trees as well as on fruit trees, the elms, willows, poplars and butternuts being, perhaps, the more favored food plants among the former group. The moth is very variable in appearance, in northern New Eng- land greatly resembling that of the brown-tail moth, except that it has no brown tail. Further south the wings may bear numerous small, black spots. It flies during June, July and early August and lays its eggs, several hundred in a cluster, on the underside of a leaf. These eggs soon hatch and the caterpillars begin to spin a web, under which they feed. This web is extended as they grow and need more food, enclosing more of the leaves, until quite a part or all of a branch may be thus enclosed. After feeding thus for a month or more the caterpillars leave the web, and either in the ground or in crevices of the bark of the tree spin their cocoons. The moths may emerge from these cocoons the same year and lay eggs for a second generation, the caterpillars of which will feed the same fall, but in New England it is more usual for them to pass the winter in the cocoon, the moths appearing the following summer. As the caterpillars of this insect feed together under a web, it is easy to cut off this and kill the caterpillars, particularly when the webs first appear and are small. Burning the webs on the tree is sometimes resorted to, but many of the caterpillars are liable to escape, and the tree is liable to be injured by this method. Spray- TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 377 ing with arsenate of lead close around the webs, so that the leaves next to be enclosed shall have been poisoned, is also a good method of control. Numerous natural enemies of this insect aid man by holding it in check to some extent. CANKER WORMS. The canker worms are two closely related insects, known as the Fall Canker Worm and the Spring Canker Worm. In both species the caterpillar is an " inch worm " or " looper; " in both the cater- pillar feeds during the spring months, and when through feeding, leaves the tree to pupate in the ground ; in both the female moth is wingless; and in both the eggs are laid by the wingless female on the twigs of the tree, to which she must, therefore, crawl from the ground. The moths of the fall canker worm come out of the ground dur- ing warm days in late October, November and early De- cember, and the females crawl up the trees to the twigs, where they lay their eggs in clusters. These eggs hatch about the time the leaves appear the following spring, and the caterpillars feed for four or five weeks until full grown, then go into the ground to pu- pate, the moths from the pupae appearing late in the fall, as al- ready stated. While the caterpillars are feeding they will, if dis- turbed, spin down from the trees on silken threads. The spring canker worm moths come out of the ground during the first warm days of spring, even in February in some cases, crawl up the trees to the twigs and lay their eggs. These soon hatch and the caterpillars feed during about the same months as those of the fall canker worm, leave the tree at about the same time and pupate in the ground, but the moths do not emerge that year, spending the winter as pupae in the ground. These insects are quite general feeders, consuming the leaves of the apple, elm, chestnut, pear, oak, hickory, box-elder, maple and other trees. As the eggs are laid on the twigs by wingless females, it is evident that anything which will prevent these females from climbing the trees will be effective, and accordingly sticky bands and metal deflectors are extensively used. In general the sticky material known as " Tree Tanglefoot " has proved the most sue- 378 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK cessf ul material to use for this purpose, bands of tar and printer's ink needing renewal frequently, while metal deflectors are expen- sive and often need readjustment to prevent gaps opening, through which the insects can pass. For the fall canker worm the Tanglefoot should be applied by the middle of October in a band from four to six inches wide, while for the spring canker worm it should be applied the first warm day in February, even if there be snow on the ground. If the canker worms are already feeding on the foliage when their presence is first discovered, spraying with a stomach poison is the most satisfactory remedy. THE WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH. This insect feeds on the leaves of many of our shade and fruit trees and is quite abundant throughout the eastern United States. The winter is passed in the egg stage, the eggs being laid in clus- ters on the old cocoons of the female moths, covered by a white froth which quickly hardens, forming a crust. These egg masses and the cocoons on which they occur are found on the larger limbs and trunks of the trees and sometimes on the smaller twigs, gen- erally in the latter case with a leaf more or less bound to the cocoon, thus rendering these more noticeable during the winter. The eggs hatch in the spring andthe cater pillars feed till full grown in June. They are then an inch and a half or more in length, yellow and black in color, and have two long pencils of black hairs at the head and a third at the hinder end of the body, besides four short, dense, yellowish, very noticeable tufts in a row a short distance behind the head, which is coral red. The caterpillars now go to the trunk and larger limbs, where they spin their silken cocoons, from which the adult moths soon escape. The female moth being wingless, lays her eggs on the outside of the cocoon from which she emerged, covering them with a white froth, as already described. The eggs soon hatch and the cater- pillars crawl to the leaves, where they feed during the latter part of July and August. When full grown, they in their turn go to the limbs and trunk to form their cocoons, from which the second gen- eration of moths escape and lay their eggs which winter over. TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 379 There are, accordingly, two generations of this insect each year, the feeding periods of the caterpillars being during May and early June, and late July and August. To check the destruction caused by this insect, the egg clusters covered by the white crust may be gathered and burned whenever they are noticed. Spraying with arsenate of lead early in May and again the latter part of July will destroy the caterpillars, but is unnecessary if the egg clusters have been attended to. Banding the trunks of trees not infested, with Tree Tanglefoot, will protect these if their branches do not touch those of infested trees, as the female is wingless, and to reach the trees she or the caterpillars must crawl up the trunks. SPECIAL FEEDERS. THE ELM-LEAF BEETLE. This insect reached the United States from Europe about seven- ty-five years ago and is now quite generally distributed through the eastern states. The elm is its only food plant, and the Euro- pean elm generally suffers more from its attacks than the Ameri- can species. The insect passes the winter as the adult beetle, hiding in any protected places available, such as attics, old chimneys, etc., and is often found on the windows in houses in the spring, seeking to escape to the trees. The beetle is about a quarter of an inch long and about half as wide, and is yellow in the summer with a dark band on each side, but after wintering over, the yellow changes to a dull olive green. After the elm leaves appear the beetles fly to the trees, and feed, eating irregular holes and laying their eggs. These are yellow in color and are placed on the under sides of the leaves, generally along a vein and in two rows, and number from a dozen to thirty. The beetle feeds and lays its eggs in this way for several weeks. The grubs which hatch from these eggs feed on the under surface of the leaves, leaving the upper surface entire, for fifteen or twenty 380 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK days, then crawl down the tree to the larger limbs, trunk, or even to the ground, and pupate, either in crevices of the bark or on the ground, the adult beetles escaping from the pupae after about a week. In the more northern states these beetles are the ones which winter over, and though they may feed somewhat on the leaves during the fall, do little injury. In the middle and more southern states, however, they return to the trees and lay eggs for a second generation of grubs, which feed during the late summer months and become adult before winter. It is rarely profitable to spray twice for these insects — once as soon as the leaves have developed, and again about the time the young hatch — and the usual treatment is to spray with arsenate of lead, using about five pounds of the arsenate to fifty gallons of water, about the time the eggs hatch, the exact date varying con- siderably with difference of latitude. The spray should be di- rected so as to reach the underside of the leaves as far as possible, as the grubs feed only on that side. If for any reason spraying is not possible or has been neglected, the trunk and larger limbs of the trees should be made quite smooth, to leave as few crevices as possible high up where the grubs might pupate, thus inducing them to come farther down where they may be destroyed by the use of a contact poison, such as strong kerosene emulsion. Sticky bands on a tree are of no pro- tection against this insect, as the beetle flies freely. THE SUGAR-MAPLE BORER. This insect attacks trees in full vigor, the borer making a bur- row often several feet in length in a single season. Where this runs obliquely around the trunk or a limb it causes a more or less complete girdling, seriously injuring, or in some cases where two or three borers are present, even killing the tree. The adult beetle is about an inch long, black and yellow, the markings making it very noticeable. It is found mainly during July and August, during which period the eggs are laid. The young borers which hatch from the eggs bore just under the bark, TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 381 mainly in the trunk or near the bases of the larger limbs. Here the winter is passed, and the following spring the boring is resumed, the tunnels running in any direction, though most often upward or obliquely around the tree. Later a deep burrow is formed farther in the tree, running upward toward the heart. Here the borer pupates, escaping the following summer as the adult beetle. Few effective methods of control can be used against this in- sect. Discoloration of the bark and particles of frass found on the trees in the fall may indicate about where a young borer is at work, and the use of a knife, cutting out the borer there, is advis- able. If a burrow can be found in which it seems probable a borer is present but out of reach, a little carbon disulphide placed on some cotton and pushed into the hole, which should then be stopped up with soap, putty, or some similar material, should destroy the borer. Treating the trunks of the trees with a carbolic acid wash about the middle of June would probably provide some protection against egg laying on trees thus treated. This wash is made by adding a gallon of hot water to a gallon of soft soap, adding a pint of crude carbolic acid and letting it stand twelve hours before di- luting with eight gallons of soft water. This should be thoroughly washed over the trunk and also a few feet up on each of the larger limbs. THE COTTONY MAPLE SCALE. This scale insect is frequently very injurious to maples, par- ticularly soft maples, and is also sometimes found on other plants. It is located on the twigs and resembles a small tuft of cotton pro- truding from beneath a small brown scale. The insect is not often very noticeable during the spring months, the cottony portion not having developed. During the summer, however, the cottony threads form, and among these the eggs and young occur. The young soon leave the cotton where they were born, and pass to the leaves and settle down, mainly along the veins, to feed. Each now secretes a covering scale, and, before the leaves drop, the insects travel back to the twigs to pass the winter. In the spring they grow rapidly, and in June produce the cottony threads, making them more noticeable. 382 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Brushing infested twigs with a brush or broom wet with kero- sene emulsion has been suggested as a treatment for this insect, but winter spraying with about twenty per cent, kerosene emul- sion has given the most successful results. OAK GALLS. Though a large number of insects attack the various kinds of oaks, few can ordinarily be regarded as serious pests. If cater- pillars are feeding on the leaves, spraying with a stomach poison is usually a sufficient treatment. Borers in the trunk can be handled as suggested for the maple borer, and sucking insects can be con- trolled by spraying where they are with a contact poison. Gall insects, however, may cause perplexity, as neither of the methods just named would seem to fit this case. It is very unusual for gall insects to be so abundant on a tree as to render it liable to die. It is very common, however, for them to disfigure the tree and thus lead to a desire for treatment. In cases where galls are formed on the branches they are likely to become permanent eyesores, and such branches should be promptly cut off and burned. Elsewhere on the tree there is little which it will pay to do, and patience will usually be rewarded in a year or two by the disappearance of the galls, as their makers are gradually over- come by the natural enemies of these insects. THE ROSE-LEAF HOPPER. This is a common pest on roses grown out of doors. During the latter part of May and in June, numerous tiny young of this insect may be found on the under side of the leaves, from which they suck the juices, producing whitish spots, and if abundant may cause the leaves to turn yellow and drop off. At first these insects cannot fly, though they can hop freely, but after they have become adult, disturbing the bush may start them flying in clouds. These adults are about an eighth of an inch long and pale yellow in color. Thorough spraying of infested plants with kerosene emulsion or soap is quite effective as a treatment, provided that the spray be directed against the undersides of the leaves and be driven rather TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 383 suddenly, hitting the insects before they have time to hop or fly away. If a strong stream of water can be driven at them through a garden hose, this may be sufficient without resorting to the in- secticides. THE ROSE PLANT LOUSE OR APHIS. Small green plant lice or aphides are frequently met with on roses during the spring and summer months, gathering most abun- dantly on the buds and younger leaves. They are nearly always wingless and increase very rapidly, from four to ten young being produced almost every day by the adults. These pests feed by sucking the juices from the plant, and when abundant on the buds frequently blight them. They can be held in check by spraying the plants with kerosene emulsion or soap, but it should be borne in mind that as only those touched by the spray are killed, the spray- ing must be very thorough to be successful, and if only a few es- cape, there will be multitudes present again, in the course of three or four weeks. THE ROSE CHAFER. These insects, often known as rose bugs or rose beetles, are about half an inch long and light brown in color. They appear about the time the roses begin to bud and seem to feed almost en- tirely upon the buds and flowers, being present for three or four weeks. They are not restricted to the rose for food, but attack the buds and blossoms of various ornamental plants, besides the blackberry, grape and fruit trees. The eggs are laid in the ground and the grubs feed on grass roots, and pupate there. There is, therefore, no successful method of attacking this insect, except during its adult condition. In this stage, however, it is very hardy and resistant to poisons. It can be destroyed by spraying with very strong arsenate of lead, but even then, it is usually several days before it succumbs, and during this time it continues feeding, while heavy spraying of the plants while in bud and flower is hardly practicable. The only successful treatment, therefore, is by hand-picking, or by jarring the insects off onto cloths, from which they can be gathered and 384 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK destroyed by dropping them into kerosene. As the beetles are most active during the warm part of the day, this treatment should be used early in the morning or toward night, when they are less inclined to fly. Where it is possible to enclose the buds in paper bags, this will give protection from the beetles, but this is not always practicable. THE RED SPIDER. This animal, which is not really an insect but a mite, is fre- quently found on the leaves of roses as well as other plants. It is not larger than a pin head, yellowish or reddish in color, and sucks the vitality from the plant, causing the leaves gradually to turn pale and become stunted, and in time the plant dies, unless treat- ment is applied. These pests are particularly sensitive to sulphur, however, and flowers of sulphur dusted over the plant, as much as possible placed on the under side of the leaves, or mixed with water at the rate of an ounce of the sulphur to a gallon of water, and sprayed onto the plants, is usually a fairly satisfactory treatment. In some cases the use of soapsuds in- stead of the water to add the sulphur to, seems to be more efficacious. THE SPRUCE GALL LOUSE. Soft, fleshy green galls often noticed in June and July at the bases of the twigs of different kinds of spruces, are the work of gall-making plant lice. The lice feed in chambers in the galls, which are often an inch long and half as wide, during the months named, but by August the galls crack open outside each cavity and turn brown, thus permitting the lice to escape. During the fall and winter these lice, in one stage or another, may be found on the tree, and the following spring eggs are laid, from which the gall inhabiting insects are produced. The formation of a gall at the base of a twig nearly always causes the death of that twig, and a tree where the insects are abundant becomes thin, with many dead twigs showing brown galls, and as a whole is by no means the ornament it should be. TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 385 When the galls first appear on a tree, it is generally best to pick them off and destroy them. When they are abundant, this meth- od becomes no longer practicable, and a thorough spraying with two pounds of soap dissolved in a gallon of water, applied about the third or fourth week in April, is the best treatment available. THE OYSTER-SHELL SCALE. This scale insect attacks the willow, poplar, ash, lilac, and sev- eral other ornamental trees and shrubs, besides the apple, and fre- quently destroys the tree it is on. The scale covering the insect is bluntly pointed at one end, rounded at the other, two or three times as long as broad, and generally more or less bent toward one side, somewhat resembling an oyster-shell in form. It varies in color, but is some shade of gray or brown. During the winter the scale shelters beneath itself the dead female insect which formed it, together with from thirty to one hundred pale straw-colored eggs. These eggs hatch between the middle of May and the tenth of June, according to the latitude, climate and advancement of the season, and the very minute whitish young crawl about seeking for places where they may settle down to feed. When such places are found, they thrust their beaks through the bark and begin to suck the sap from the plant. A scale now begins to be formed over the back of the insect, which becomes adult by fall. The eggs are laid under the scale and the insect dies. In the more northern states these eggs remain under the scale till the following year, before hatching. Further south they may hatch the same season, giving a second generation the same year. The fact that the eggs of this pest all hatch at about the same time is made use of in the treatment employed, which is to spray very thoroughly as soon as the eggs hatch — at which time the tiny whitish young can be seen crawling around, if looked sharply for — with linseed oil emulsion, made as follows: Hard soap, 1 pound Raw linseed oil, 1 gallon Water to make 12 gallons Dissolve the soap in a small quantity of warm water, add the 386 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK oil and churn by forcing through the spray pump, pointing the nozzle back into the mixture, until it becomes thick; then add the rest of the water, and spray. It is well to repeat this treatment about ten days later, both because the first treatment may have missed some of the insects and because some of the eggs may not have hatched at the time of the first spraying. INSECTICIDES. ARSENATE OF LEAD. This is now sold ready for use, by adding the requisite amount of water, by a number of manufacturers. It is probably our most effective stomach poison, for though costing more than paris green, it remains on the plant where it has been sprayed a much longer time, and is less liable to burn the foliage. Unless large quantities are to be used it is better to buy it than to make it, but if directions for making are desired, these will be supplied on appli- cation to the Agricultural Experiment Station of any state. Ordinarily about three pounds of arsenate of lead should be mixed with fifty gallons of water to spray, but for the gypsy moth, brown-tail moth and elm-leaf beetle, five pounds should be used instead. In spraying it is necessary that the sediment should be constantly stirred, in order for it to be carried out through the pump and be evenly distributed. PARIS GREEN. This material is rarely as effective as the last, and is only men- tioned because it may in some cases be difficult to obtain the other. One third of a pound of paris green should be mixed with half a pound of quicklime which has just been slaked in some water, and water should be added to make a total of about fifty gallons, and the whole well stirred while spraying, for the reason stated above. TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 387 SOAP. Plant lice, leaf hoppers, etc., may generally be destroyed by spraying them with one pound of any common laundry soap dis- solved in four or five gallons of water. Extreme thoroughness of application is necessary, as only those insects actually touched by the spray are affected. KEROSENE EMULSION. This material is more effective than soap for sucking-insects, but is more difficult to make. To prepare it, take half a pound of any hard soap shaved fine, and dissolve in a gallon of hot water. Then remove from the fire and add two gallons of kerosene and churn with a spray pump, turning the nozzle of the pump back into the mixture, which should soon become thick and therefore difficult to force through the pump. When this condition has been reached, take one part of the mixture or stock material and add it to nine parts of water, if for use on plant lice; or to six parts of water for leaf hoppers; mix well and spray. If the water is hard add some borax or soda to soften it. Many other kinds of insects frequently attack our shade trees and shrubs, and in case of doubt as to their identity and the appro- priate treatment to be given, specimens of the insect or its work can be sent to the Agricultural Experiment Station of the state in which the person desiring assistance resides. Information and advice as to the best methods of treatment for different insects are supplied by the officials of these stations, without charge. TREES, SHRUBS AND PLANTS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. PLANTS PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR ROCK-GARDENS. Page Adiantum pedatum 148 Ajuga genevensis 151 Ajuga metallica var. crispa 151 Allium azureum 151 Anemone pennsylvanica 156 Anemone pulsatilla 156 Anemone sylvestris 156 Aqiiilegia canadensis 157 Aquilegia cserulea 157 Arabis albida 158 Arabis alpina 158 Arctostaphylos uva ursi 158 Artemisia frigida 159 Artemisia pontica 159 Artemisia stellariana 159 Aster alpinus 161 Callirhoe involucrata 169 Campanula carpatica 170 Cerastium tomentosum 175 Ceratostigma plumbaginoides 175 Chionodoxa luciliae 177 Crocus vernus 187 Cypripedium acaule 187 Cypripedium spectabile 188 Daphne cneorum 188 Dennstaedtia (Dicksonia) punctilobula 189 Dianthus deltoides 191 Dianthus plumarius 191 Dodecatheon meadia 193 Epigaea repens 195 Epimedium alpinum var. rubrum 195 Erythronium Americanum 196 Erythronium dens-canis 196 Galanthus nivalis 203 Galium boreale 203 Gentiana Andrewsii 203 Page Geranium Endressi 204 Geranium platypetalum 204 Geranium sanguineum 204 Goodyera pubescens 205 Gypsophila repens 205 Hedysarum multijugum 206 Helianthemum (all varieties) 207 Helleborus niger 209 Hepatica (all varieties) 210 Heuchera sanguinea 211 Hieracium aurantiacum 213 Houstonia caerulea 213 Hypericum moserianum 216 Iberis (all varieties) 216 Iris cristata 218 Iris pumila 218 Jasione perennis 220 Juniperus sabina 221 Juniperus sabina var. prostrata 221 Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia 221 Lathyrus latifolius 225 Lathyrus vernus 225 Lilium tenuifolium 231 Linum perenne 231 Lychnis chalcedonica 236 Lychnis dioica var. flore-pleno 236 Lychnis flos-cuculi 236 Lychnis flos-cuculi var. plenissima 236 Lychnis Haageana 237 Lychnis viscaria var. splendens 237 Lychnis alba var. flore-pleno 235 Lycium halimifolium 237 Lysimachia nummularia 238 Malva moschata 240 Mertensia pulmonarioides 241 390 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Mitchella repens 242 Saxifraga cordifolia 314 Myosotis palustris 243 Scilla sibirica 315 Nierembergia rivularis 245 Sedum acre 315 (Enothera missouriensis 246 Sedum album 315 (Enothera speciosa 246 Sedum Sieboldii 316 (Enothera fruticosa var. Youngii 246 Sedum stolonifefum 317 Onoclea sensibilis 246 Sempervivum (all varieties) 317 Ononis rotundifolia 247 Seneceo pulcher 318 Opuntia missouriensis 247 Silene maritima var. flore-pleno 318 Pachysandra termihalis 248 Silene virginica 318 Papaver nudicaule 250 Sisyrinchium grandiflorum 319 Phlox amoena 255 Statice latifolia 326 Phlox divaricata 25l Thymus (all varieties) 338 Phlox ovata Phlox stellaria Phlox subulata ?cc "g Trillium (all varieties) 340, ,,-g Tunica saxifraga ^3° »T 341 343 Physalis Franchetti 258 Veronica spuna 348 Polemonium reptans 267 Veronica incana 348 Potentilla hybrida 270 Veronica repens 348 Primula auricula 270 Veronica rupestris 348 Primula Sieboldi 271 Vinca minor 352 Primula Polyantha 271 Viola cornuta 353 Rosa wichuraiana 286 Viola pedata 353 Rubus laciniatus 307 Woodsia ilvensis 355 Sanguinaria canadensis 312 Woodwardia angustifolia 355 PLANTS FOR BOG GARDENS OR GOOD IN WET PLACES. Acorus calamus var. variegatus 148 Cypripedium acaule 187 Arundo donax 160 Cypripedium spectabile 188 Arundo donax var. variegata 160 Dodecaetheon meadia 193 Azalea arborescens 163 Doronicum plantagineum 193 Azalea canadensis 163 Doronicum Clusii 193 Azalea calendulacea 163 Doronicum caucasicum 193 Azalea nudiflora 163 Empetrum nigrum 194 Azalea Vaseyi 163 Epimedium macranthum 195 Azalea viscosa 163 Eryngium aquaticum 196 Benzoin odoriferum 165 Erythronium Americanum 196 Cephalanthus occidentalis 174 Erythronium grandiflorum 196 Chrysanthemum uliginosum 179 Eulalia, See Miscanthus 196 Clethra alnifolia 181 Eupatorium purpureum 198 Cornus stolonifera 185 Funkia subcordata var. grandi- Cornus sanguinea 184 florum 202 Cornus amomum 184 Funkia lancifolia 202 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 391 Gentiana Andrewsii 203 Geranium maculatum 204 Hamamelis virginiana 206 Hemerocallis (all varieties) 209 Heracleum villosum 211 Hibiscus moscheutos 212 Hibiscus moscheutos var. crimson eye 212 Houstonia caerulea 213 Hydrophyllum canadense 215 Ilex opaca 217 Ilex verticillata 217 Iris Ksempferi 218 Iris pseudacorus 219 Iris sibirica 219 Iris versicolor 219 Kalmia latifolia 223 Ledum latifolium 226 Lobelia cardinalis 232 Lobelia syphilitica 232 Lythrum salicaria 238 Lythrum salicaria var. roseum 238 Miscanthus sinensis 241 Miscanthus sinensis var. gracil- limus 241 Miscanthus sinensis var. varie- gatus 241 Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus 242 Monarda didyma 242 Myosotis palustris 243 Nemopanthus fascicularius 245 Nierembergia rivularis 245 Oenothera fruticosa Youngii 246 Qenothera speciosa 246 Onoclea (Matteuccia) struthiopteris 246 Osmunda cinnamomea 247 Osmunda regalis 247 Phalaris arundinacea 253 Polygonatum multiflorum 267 Polygonum sachalinense 268 Potentilla fruticosa 270 Ranunculus aconitifolius 278 Ranunculus acris var. flore- pleno 279 Ranunculus repens var. flore- pleno 279 Rhexia virginica 279 Rhododendron maximum 281 Rosa spinosissima 291 Rosa Carolina 285 Sambucus nigra 311,312 Sambucus racemosa 312 Sarracenia Drummondii 313 Sarracenia purpurea 313 Stenanthium occidentale 326 Stuartia pentagyna 327 Taxus canadensis 334 Trillium grandiflorum 340 Trollius europaeus 341 Typha latifolia 343 Ulmaria palmata 344 Ulmaria pentapetala 344 Ulmaria rubra 344 Viburnum acerifolium 349 Viburnum alnifolium 349 A FEW GOOD HEDGE PLANTS. Berberis Thunbergii 166 Chamaecyparis obtusa 176 Crataegus crus-galli 186 Crataegus oxyacantha 186 Cydonia japonica 187 Gleditschia triacanthos 205 Ilex crenata 217 Juniperus virginiana 222 Ligustrum amurense Ligustrum ibota Ligustrum ovalifolium Picea alba Picea excelsa Rhamnus cathartica Rosa rubiginosa Salix pentandra 227 228 228 259 260 279 290 310 392 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Spiraea Thunbergii Syringa vulgaris Thuya occidentalis Tsuga canadensis 325 Viburnum dentatum 330 Viburnum cassinoides 335 Viburnum nudum 342 349 349 350 SOME OF THE BEST VINES AND CLIMBERS. Actinidia polygama and arguta 148 Akebia quinata 151 Ampelopsis quinquifolia 154 Ampelopsis quinquifolia var. Englemanni 154 Ampelopsis heterophylla 154 Apios tuberosa 156 Aristolochia macrophylla 158 Celastrus scandens 174 Clematis paniculata 181 Clematis virginiana 181 Clematis lanuginosa var. Henry i 180 Clematis lanuginosa var. Jack- mani 180 Clematis lanuginosa var. Mme. Andre 180 Clematis lanuginosa var. Mme. Baron Veillard 180 Clematis montana 180 Clematis hybrida var. New England 180 Decumaria barbara 188 Euonymus radicans 197 Hedera Helix 206 Humulus lupulus 213 Ipomoea pandurata 218 Lonicera periclymenum var. belgica 234 Lonicera Heckrotti 233 Lonicera japonica 233 Lonicera japonica var. aureo- reticulata 233 Lonicera japonica var. Halliana 233 Lonicera sempervirens 234 Lycium halimifolium 237 Menispermum canadense 241 Periploca graeca 253 Polygonum Baldschuanicum 267 Pueraria Thunbergiana 274 Rosa setigera var. Baltimore Belle 291 Rosa hybrida var. Carmine Pillar 292 Rosa multiflora var. Crimson Rambler 292 Rosa multiflora var. Debutante 292 Rosa multiflora var. Dorothy Perkins 292 Rosa multiflora var. Lady Gay 292 Schizophragma hydrangeoides 314 Tecoma radicans 334 Tecoma grandiflora 335 Vitis coignetiae 354 Vitis labrusca 354 Vitis vulpina 354 Wistaria chinensis 354 Wistaria multijuga 355 TREES AND SHRUBS WITH ORNAMENTAL FRUIT. Berberis canadensis Berberis amurensis Berberis Thunbergii Celastrus scandens Celtis occidentalis 165 Cotoneaster Simonsi 185 165 Cotoneaster microphylla 185 166 Crataegus crus-galli 186 174 Crataegus cordata 186 174 Crataegus coccinea 186 TREES, SHUUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 393 Crataegus oxyacantha 186 Elaeagnus argentea 194 Elaeagnus longipes 194 Euonymus Americanus 197 Euonymus alatus 197 Euonymus nanus 197 Euonymus europaeus 197 Euonymus radicans 197 Ilex crenata 217 Ilex opaca 217 Ilex verticillata 217 Ligustrum ibota 228 Ligustrum vulgare 228 Lonicera Morrowi 234 Lonicera Ruprechtiana 234 Lonicera tatarica 235 Lonicera xylosteum 235 Magnolia glauca 239 Magnolia macrophylla 239 Magnolia tripetala 239 Myrica cerifera 243 Prunus maritima 272 Prunus pumila 273 Ptelea trifoliata 274 Pyracantha coccinea 275 Pyrus baccata 275 Pyrus coronaria 275 Pyrus floribunda 276 Rhamnus dahurica 279 Rhamnus Frangula or Carolineana . 279 Rhodotypos kerrioides 282 Rhus glabra 283 Rhus typhina 283 Rosa rugosa 289 Rosa blanda 286 Rosa multiflora 286 Rosa rubiginosa 290 Sambucus racemosa 312 Sorbus arbutifolia 320 Sorbus aucuparia 320 Sorbus hybrida 321 Symphoricarpos racemosus 328 Symphoricarpos vulgaris 328 Symplocus crataegoides 328 Taxus canadensis 334 Taxus cuspidata 334 Viburnum acerifolium 349 Viburnum alnifolium 349 Viburnum cassinoides 349 Viburnum dentatum 349 Viburnum dilatatum 350 Viburnum lantana 350 Viburnum lentago 350 Viburnum nudum 350 Viburnum opulus 351 TREES AND SHRUBS WITH DISTINCT COLORED LEAVES OTHER THAN GREEN. Acer negundo var. aurea marginatum 144 Acer platanoides var. Schwedleri 144 Acer platanoides var. Geneva 144 Acer palmatum var. atropurpur- eum 145 Acer palmatum var. dissectum atropurpureum 145 Acer japonicum var. aureum 143 Acer pseudo-platanus var. Worleei 145 Berberis vulgaris var. atropur- purea 165 Betula alba var. atropurpurea 167 Calluna vulgaris var. aurea 169 Catalpa bignonioides var. purpurea 1 73 Chamaecyparis pisifera var. filifera aurea 176 Chamaecyparis pisiferavar. plumosa aurea 177 Chamaecyparis pisifera var. aurea 176 Cornus mascula var. variegata 183 Cornus sanguinea var. variegata 184 Cornus alba var. Spaethi 183 Corylus maxima var. purpurea 185 394 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Diervilla florida var. variegata 192 Euonymus radicans var. argen- teo marginatus or reticulatus 197 Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea 199 Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea Riversi 200 Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. aucubaefolia 201 Juniperus communis var. aurea 220 Juniperus chinensis var. argen- teo variegata 221 Juniperus virginiana var. ele- gantissima 222 Kerria japonica var. argenteo- variegata 223 Ligustrum ovalifolium var. variegatum 228 Philadelphus coronarius var. aureus 253 Physocarpus opulifolius var. aurea 259 Picea alba var. aurea 259 Picea excelsa var. Finedonensis 260 Picea pungens 262 Pinus Thunbergi var. oculus- draconis 263 Populus alba 268 Populus deltoides var. Van Geertii 269 Prunus persica var. purpurea 272 Prunus cerasifera var. atropur- purea 271 Ptelea trifoliata var. aurea 274 Quercus pedunculata var. con- cordia 278 Sambucus nigra var. aurea 311 Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. variegatus 328 Taxus baccata var. argentea 334 Thuya occidentalis var. alba 335 Thuya occidentalis var. lutea 336 Thuya occidentalis var. Ver- vaeneana 337 Thuya orientalis var. aurea 337 Thuya orientalis var. elegantis- sima 337 Ulmus campestris var. antarctica aurea 345 Ulmus campestris var. Louis van Houtte 345 Ulmus scabra var. atropurpurea 345 A FEW OF THE BEST HARDY FERNS. Adiantum pedatum 148 Dennstaedtia (Dicksonia) punc- tilobula 189 Onoclea sensibilis 246 Onoclea (Matteuccia) struthiop- teris 246 Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda claytoniana Osmunda regalis Pteris aquilina Woodsia ilvensis Woodwardia angustifolia 247 247 247 274 355 355 INDEX A Ash, 201 Abbreviations, 140 American, 201 Aconite, 147 Aucuba-leaved, 201 Adam's Needle, (ill. 105) 356 Black, 201 Alder, 151 European, 201 Black, 217 Flowering, 201 Cut-leaved, 152 Weeping, 201 Alkanet, 155 Ashberry, 165 Allspice, 169 Aspen, 269 Carolina, (111. 47) 169 American, 270 Almond, 270 Large Toothed, 269 Double Pink, 270 Asphodel, 161 Double White, 270 Aster, 161 Alpine Rose, 281 Mountain, 161 Althaea, (111. 25) 212 Stokes, 327 Alum Root, 211 Tartarian, 161 Apache Plume, 204 Aquatic Garden Effects 123 Aralia, 143 Autumn Crocus, 182 Five-leaved, 143 Auricula, 270 Arbor Vitae, 335 Avens, 204 American, 335 Douglas' Little Gem, 337 B Geo. Peabody's, 336 Baby's Breath, 205 Globe, 336 Bachelor's Button, ' 278 Golden, 336 Bald Cypress, 333 Heath-leaved, 336 Balloon Flower, 266 Hovey's, 336 Semi-double, 266 Pyramidal, 337 White, 266 Queen Victoria, 335 Balm, 241 River's, 337 Variegated, 241 Siberian, 337 Balm of Gilead, 269 Tom Thumb, 336 Barberry, 165 Vervaene's, 337 Common, 165 Weeping, Arbutus, 336 195 Japanese, Purple-leaved, (111. 31) 166 165 Trailing, 195 Siebold's, 165 Arrow Wood, 349 Barren wort, 195 Arsenate of Lead, 386 Bass-wood, 339 Artichoke, 209 American, 339 Jerusalem, 209 Cut-leaved, 339 (395) 396 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Bass-wood, European, 339 Bladder-nut, American, 326 Golden-barked, 339 Bladder Senna, 182 Bastard Indigo, Bean, 153 156 Blanket Flower, Blazing Star, 202 (111. 29) 227 Wild, 156 Bleeding-heart, 191 Beam-tree, 321 Moodroot, 312 White, 321 Blue Beech, 171 Bean-tree, 173 Bluebell, 170 Indian, 173 Blueberry, 346 Bearberry, 158 Blue-eyed Grass, 319 Bed-straw, 203 Blue Succory, 173 Beard Tongue, 252 Blue Spiraea, 171 Bee Balm, 242 Bluet, 174, 213 Beech, 199 Mountain, 174 American, 199 Bouncing Bet, 213 Copper, 199 Box, 169 Cut-leaved, (111. 71) 199 Box-thorn, 237 European, 199 Chinese. 237 River's Purple, 199 Bracken, 274 Weeping, (111. 33) 199 Brake, 274 Bellwort, 346 Bramble, 307 Perfoliate, 346 Cut-leaved, 307 Betony, 325 Brown-tail Moth, The, 374 Large Flowered, 325 Buckeye, 149 Wood, 325 Ohio, 149 Bergamot, 242 Yellow, 149 White, 242 Buckthorn, 213, 279 Biota, 337 Laurel-leaved, 279 Golden, 337 Sea, 213 Oriental, 337 Buffalo Berry, 318 Birch, 166 Bugbane, 179 Canoe, 167 Bugle, 151 Cut-leaved, 166 Bugleweed, 151 European, 166 Burning-bush, 197 Golden-leaved, 166 Winged, 197 Paper, 167 Buttercup, 278 Purple-leaved, 167 Creeping, 278 Pyramidal, 166 Double White, 278 Red, 167 Butterfly Weed, 160 Weeping, 166 Butternut, 220 White, 166 Button-bush, 174 Yellow, 167 Buttonwood, 265 Bitternut, 212 Bitter-sweet, 174 Bitter Vetch, 225 Cactus, 247 Black-eyed Susan, 307 Common, 247 Bladder-nut, 325 Camper nella, 244 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 397 Campion, 235 Columbine, Rocky Mountain, 157 Evening, 235 Wild, 157 Morning, 234 Comfrey, 328 Rose, 234 Compass-plant , 319 Candytuft, 216 Cone Flower, 194, 308, 226 Evergreen, 216 Yellow, 226 Hardy, 216 Contents, 7 Lebanon, 150 Coral Bells, 211 Candleberry, 243 Cork Tree, 253 Canker Worm, The, 377 Chinese, 253 Canterbury Bell, (III. 125) 170 Cornel, 184 Cardinal Flower, 232 Bailey's, 184 Catalpa, 172 Silky, 184 Purple-leaved, 172 Cornelian Cherry, 183 Southern, 172 Variegated, _ 183 Tea's, 173 Cottony Maple Scale, The, 381 Catchfly, 318 Cotton wood, 269 Cat-tail, 343 Cowslip, 271 Cedar, 177, 223 English, 271 White, 177 Crab, 275 Red, (111. 61) 222 Bechtel's, 275 Red Weeping, 222 Flowering, (111. 21) 276 Chalk Plant, 205 Hall's Flowering, 276 Chamomile, 156 Wild, 275 Dwarf, 168 Cranberry Bush, 351 False, 168 Dwarf, 351 ' Kelway's, 156 Crane's Bill, 204 Cherry, 273 Crimson Eyed Hibiscus, (111. 69) Indian, 273 Crimson Glory Vine, 354 Japanese, 273 Crowberry, 195 Sand, 273 Cuchoo-flower, 236 Chestnut, 172 White, 236 American, 172 Cucumber Tree, 238 Paragon, 172 Large-leaved, 239 Chinquapin, 172 Cup-plant, 319 Chokeberry, 320 Currants, 283 Christmas-rose, 209 Double Flowered, 284 Cinquifoil, 270 Missouri, 284 Shrubby, 270 Mountain 283 Climbing Hydrangea, Columbine, 314 (111. 17) 157 Red Flowered, 284 Californian, 157 Wild, 284 Double, 158 Cushion Flower, 314 European, 157 White, 314 Golden Spurred, 157 Cushion-pink, 159 Long Spurred, 157 White, 159 Mexican, 157 Cypress, 176, 177 398 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK D Elm-leaf Beetle, The, 379 Daffodil, 244 Empress Tree, 251 Hoop Petticoat, 244 Evening Primrose, 246 Daisy, 165 White, 246 English, 165 Yellow, 246 Giant, 179 Everlasting, 155 Shastae, (111. 45) 179 Explanations, 140 Turfing, 179 Dark Mullen, 347 F Day-lily, 202, 209 White, 202 Fall Web Worm, The, 376 Double, 210 False Dragonhead, 259, 193 Decumary, 188 Feather-grass, 327 Dendrobium, 226 Feathered Columbine, 335 Desmodium, 226 Fern, 148 Dielytra, 191 Chain, 355 Distances Apart for Plants. 358 Cinnamon, 247 Dog's Tooth Violet, 196 Gossamer or Hay, 189 Dogwood, 182 Interrupted, 247 Alternate-leaved, 183 Ostrich, 246 Pink Flowering, 184 Royal, (111. 37) 247 Round-leaved, 183 Sensitive, 246 Weeping, 184 Fescue Grass, 200 White Flowering, 184 Blue, 200 White-fruited, 183 Feverfew, 178 Driveway Treatment, (111. 129) Fir, 142 Drop wort, 344 Balsam, 142 Double, 344 Cilician, 142 Dutchman's Pipe, (111. 89) 158 Nordman, 142 Dyer's Broom, 203 Spanish, 134 Veitch's, 143 £ Washington, 142 Elder, 311 White, 142 Cut-leaved, 312 Fire Bush, 187 Golden, 311 Fire-pink, 318 Red Berried, 312 Flag, 218 Variegated, 312 Dwarf, 219 Elm, 345 East Siberian, 219 American, 345 Siberian, 219 Blandford, 346 Water, 219 Camperdown, 346 White Siberian, 219 English, 345 Yellow-banded, 218 Golden- leaved, 345 Flea-bane, 195, 218 Purple-leaved, 345 Foam-flower, 338 Scotch, 346 Forget-me-not, 243 Slippery, 345 Fox Berry, 347 Van Houttei's, 345 Foxglove, (111. 65) 91, 193 1REI is, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 399 Fringe, 177 Gypsy Moth, The, 373 Purple, 282 White, (111. 27) 177 H Fuchsia, 201 Hackberry, 174 Hardy, 201 Hair Grass, 242 Hawkweed, 213 G Orange, 213 Garden Heliotrope, Garden-plans, Garland Flower, Gas Plant, Gentian, Closed, Geranium, Wild, 347 130-139 188 (111. 43) 191 203 203 204 Hawthorne, English, Hazel, Cut-leaved, Golden-leaved, Purple-leaved, Heather, Golden, 186 186 185 185 185 185 169 169 German Iris, Giant Bay, Giant Reed, (111. 67) 281 160 Hedge Plants, Hemlock, American, 391 (111. 23) 342 342 Variegated, Globe Flower, Double, Variegated, Globe Thistle, Glory of the Snow, Glossary, Goat's Beard, Goat's Rue, Golden Bell, Drooping, Fortune's, Upright, Gold Flower, Golden Glow, Golden Rod, 160 223, 341 223, 342 223 194 177 140 160, 162 203 200 200 200 200 216 308 319 Carolina, Sargent's Weeping, Hercules Club, Hickory, Shagbark, Swamp, Hobble Bush, Hollyhock, Alleghany, Holly, Homestead Lily, Honey Locust, Weeping, Honeysuckle, Belgian, Chinese, 342 342 158 212 213 212 349 152 152 217 209 205 205 233 234 233 Goldentuft, Grape, Fox, 153 354 Fly, Golden, Hall's, 235 233 (111. 41) 233 Frost, Grape Hyacinth, Grasswort, Starry, Great Laurel, Groundsel, 354 243 175 175 281 318 Fragrant, Japanese, Scarlet Trumpet, Siberian, Tartarian, White-bush, Hop, 233 233 234 235 235 235 Groundsel-tree, Guider Rose, 164 351 *.M.\J^J) Hop Hornbeam, Hop Tree, 248 274 Gout weed, 149 Golden, 274 400 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Horehound, 240 Jonquil, 244 Hornbeam, 171 Judas Tree, 175 Horse Chestnut, 149 Double White, 149 K Dwarf, 150 How to Plant, 358 Kentucky Coffee-tree, 205 Huckleberry, 347 Kerosene Emulsion, 287 Hairy, 347 Kerria, 282 Swamp, 347 White, 282 House-leek, 317 Knap-weed, 174 Irish, 318 Knot Weed, 267 Hyacinth, 214 Tall, 268 Dutch, 214 Kudzu Vine, 274 Grape, 243 Summer, 203 L Hysop, 216 Laburnum, 224 Weeping, 224 I Lady's Slipper, (ill. 63) 187 Illustrations, 13-129 Showy, 187 Indian Currant, 328 Lamb-kill, 222 Variegated, 328 Lantern Plant, 258 Indigo, 164 Chinese, 258 Inkberry, 217 Larch, 224 Insecticides, 386 American, 224 Insects and Pests, 369 European, 225 Iron Wood, 248 Golden, 273 Ivy, 154 Japanese, 225 Boston, 154 Larkspur, 189 English, 206 Chinese, 189 Japanese, 154 Chinese White, 189 Kenil worth, 231 Laurel, 223 Mountain, 223 J Lavender, 225 Jacob's Ladder, 266 Hardy, 235 Juneberry, 153 Hardy White, 235 Spike-flowering, 153 Cotton, 313 Joint Weed, 267 Lawns and how to Make Them, 365 Joe-Pye-Weed, 198 Lead Plant, 153 Juniper, 220 Lead wort, 175 Chinese, 221 Leather Leaf, 177 Chinese Golden, 221 Leatherwood, 193 Chinese Variegated, 221 Lebanon Candytuft, 150 Common, 220 Lemon Lily, 209 Irish, 221 Leopard's Bane, 193 Japanese, 221 Leopard Moth, The, 370 Savin, 221 Lilac, 329 Swedish, 221 Chinese, 329 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 401 Lilac, Chionanthus-leaved, 329 M Common Purple, 330 Common White, (III. 59) 330 Madwort, 153 Japanese, 329 Austrian, 153 Persian, 329 Magnolia, (111. Ill) Lily, (111. 79) African, 150 150 Maidenhair Tree, Mandrake, 204 266 Bateman's, 230 Maple, 143-147 Brown's, 229 Ash-leaved, 144 Canadian, 229 Colchicum, 144 Coral, 231 Cork-barked, 143 Golden-banded, 229 Geneva, 144 Gray's, 230 Japanese, 143-145 Hanson's, 230 Mountain, 146 Henry's, 230 Norway, 144 Madonna. 229 Red, 146 Martagon, 230 Rock, 146 Melpomene, Philadelphia, 231 230 Scarlet, Schwedler's, 146 144 Siberian, 231 Striped Barked, 144 Spotted, 230 Sugar, 146 Thunbergian, 230 Silver, 146 Tiger, 231 Swamp, 146 Tiger, Double, 231 Sycamore, 145 Trumpet, 230 Tartarian, 147 Turk's Cap, 231 White, 146 Wallace's, 230 Wier's, 146 Wood, 231 Marjoram, 247 Lily of the Valley, 182 Wild, 247 Shrub, 262 Marguerite, 178 Linden, 329 Marsh Rosemary, 326 American, 339 Matrimony Vine, 237 Pyramidal, 339 May, 186 Silver-leaved, 339 English, 186 Weeping, 339 Apple, 266 Live Forever, 317 Mayflower, 195 Liver Leaf, 210 Meadow Beauty, 279 Locust, 285 Rue, 335 Black, 285 Tall, 335 Golden, 285 Mezereum, 188 Thornless, 285 Michaelmas Daisies, 161 Loose Strife, 238 Mock Orange, 253 Japanese, 238 Double, 254 Purple, 238 Monkshood, 147, 148 Lungwort, 241, 275 Fisher's, 147 Lyme-grass, 194 Wild, 147 Blue, 194 Variegated, 148 402 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Moon-flower, 218 Oak, Swamp, 276 Moon-seed, 241 Willow-leaved, 277 Montbretia, 341 Oak Galls, 382 Moorwort, 155 Old Woman, 159 Mosquito Plant, 352 Oleaster, 194 Moss Pink, 258 Japanese, 194 White, 258 Onion, 151 Mountain Ash, 320 Flowering, 151 American, 320 Orchis, 206 European, 320 Yellow Fringed, 206 Golden, 321 Osage Orange, 340 Oak- leaved, 321 Osier, 183 Weeping, 321 Red, 183, 184 Mountain Fleece, 326 Variegated, 184 Mountain's Cranberry, 347 Oswego Tea, 242 Mountain Holly, 245 Outdoor Culture of Roses, 361 Laurel, (111. 23,73) 223 Ox-eye, 168, 209 Tobacco, 159 Oyster-shell Scale, The, 385 Mulberry, 242 Red, 243 P Tea's Weeping, 243 Paeony, 249 White, 243 Cut-leaved, 249 Munstead White, 157 Common, 249 Musk-mallow, 240 Tree, 249 White, 240 Pagoda Tree, 319 Myrtle, 352 Pampas Grass, (111. 75) 241 White, 352 Japanese, 241 Variegated, 352 Ornamental, 241 Variegated, 241 N Paris Green, 386 Narcissus, 244 Parsley, Giant 211 211 Nettle- tree, New Jersey Tea, Nine Bark, 174 173 258 Partridge Berry, Pasque Flower, 242 156 11 C Pea, 225 Pink Perennial, 225 O White Perennial, 225 Oak, 276 Peach, 272 Chestnut, 277 Double Rose Colored, 272 English, 278 Double White, 272 English Golden, 278 Double Purple Leaved, 272 English Weeping, 278 Pearl-bush, 198 Mossy-cupped, 277 Pea Tree, 171 Pin, 277 Peppermint, 241 Pyramidal, 278 Pepperidge, 245 Red, 278 Periwinkle, 352 Scarlet, 277 Pig Nut, 212 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES'AND PLANTS. 403 Pine, 263 Poplar, (111. 49) 268 Austrian, 263 Balsam, 269 Bull, 264 Bolle's, 268 Japanese, 263 Carolina, 269 Japanese Black, 263 Cottonwood, 269 Lofty Bhotan, 263 Golden-leaved, 269 Pitch, 265 Lombardy, (111. 49) 269 Red, 264 Weeping, 269 Scotch, 265 White, 269 Sun-ray, 263 Poppy, 250 Swiss Mountain, (111. 115) 264 Iceland, 250 Swiss Stone, 263 Iceland White, 250 White, 265 Oriental, 250 White Dwarf, 265 Parkman's, 250 Phlox, 255 Poppy Mallow, 169 Canadian, 257 Prairie Dock, 319 Caroline, 255 Preface, 9 Hairy-leaved, 255 Prickly Pear, 247 Perennial, 255 Primrose, 246 Smooth-leaved 255 Common, 271 Pink, 190 Missouri, 246 Carthusian, 191 Siebold's, 271 Double Garden, 191 Privet, 227 Grass, 191 Amoor River. 227 Scotch, 191 California, 228 Pink-root, 321 Common, 228 Pitcher Plant, 313 Japanese, 228 Plants for Bog Gardens, 390 Japanese Upright, 227 For Special Purposes, 389 Pruning, 359 Plane-tree, 265 Oriental, 266 Q Planting Plans, Plantain Lily, Fortune's, Lance-leaved, 130-141 201 201 202 Queen of the Meadows, Quince, Japan, 344 187 187 Ovate- leaved, 202 Siebold's, 202 Rattlesnake, 205 Ragged Robin, 237 Variegated, 202 Raspberry, 307 Plum, 271 Flowering, 307 Beach, 272 Red Spider, The, 384 Flowering, 273 Reed-grass, 160 Purple-leaved, 271 Rest Harrow, 247 Plume Poppy, 168 Round-leaved, 247 Poker Plant, 223 Rhododendrons, (111. 101) 103 Polyanthus, 271 Rhodora, 163 Polypody, 268 Canadian, 163 404 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Rhubarb, 279 Savin, Tamarisk-leared, 221 Ornamental, 279 Scotch Broom, 188 Roadside Vine Effects, 117 Sea Holly, 196 Rock Cress, 158, 163 Sea Lavender, 326 Rock Garden, (111. 113) Sea-pink, 159 Rose Acacia, 284 Shadbush, 153 Chafer, The, 383 Common, 153 Culture, 361 Dwarf, 153 Rose-leaf Hopper, 382 Shearing, 359 Rose Mallow, 211 Sheepberry, 350 Rose Plant Louse, or Aphis , 383 Shepherd's Flower, 220 Roses, 285 Shooting Star, 193 Alpine, 286 Shrubs for Special Purposes, 389 Austrian, 295 With Ornamental Fruit, 392 Baby Rambler, 294 Silk Vine, 253 Bourbon, 303 Silverbell, 206 Climbing, 291 Solomon's Seal, 267 Hybrid Perpetual, 295 Smoke tree, 282 Hybrid Tea, 303 Snakeroot, 198 Japanese, 286 White, 198 Memorial, 286 Sneeze wort, 205 Persian, 295 Dwarf, 205 Polyantha, 303 Snowball, 351 Prairie, 290 Common, 351 Red-leaved, 291 Japanese, (ID. 12l) 352 Scotch, 291 Summer, 214 Sweet Briar, 290 Snowberry, 328 Swamp, 285 Snowdrop, 203 Rosinweed, 319 Soap- wort, 313 Rue, 309 Sorrel Tree, 248 Rupture-wort, 211 Sour Gum, 245 Rusty Woodsia, 355 Southernwood, 159 Roman, 159 S Small, 159 Sacaline, 268 Spearmint, 241 Sage, 255 Speedwell, 347 Jerusalem, 255 Bastard, 348 Meadow, 311 Common, 348 Silver-leaved, 311 Creeping, 348 White Meadow, 311 Culver's, 348 Sand Cherry, 273 Gentian-leaved, 347 Sand Myrtle, 226 Hoary, 348 Sand wort, 158 Long-leaved, 348 San Jose Scale, 371 Rock, 348 Sassafras, 313 Spiked, 348 Savin, 221 Spice-bush, 165 Prostrate, 221 Spiderwort, 340 TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 405 Spidenrort, White, 340 Sumach, Shining, 282 Spike Grass, 346 Smooth, 283 Spindle Tree, (111. 83) 197 Staghorn, 283 Spring Adonis, 149 Osbeck's, 283 Crocus, 187 Summer Hyacinth, 203 Spruce, 259 Sun Drops, 246 Alcock's, 259 Flower, 208 Black, 261 Double, 208 Colorado Blue, 262 Hairy-leaved, 208 Cushion, 260 Sun-rose, 207 Douglas', 273 Double, 205 Engleman's, (ill. 15) 260 Swamp Bay, 239 Eastern, 261 Swamp Honeysuckle, 163 Finedon, 260 White, 163 Glory of the Spruces, 259 Swamp-pink, 163 Inverted, 261 Sweet Flag, 148 Roster's Blue, 262 Variegated, 148 Norway, 260 Sweet Gum, 232 Norway Golden, Pyramidal, 260 261 Pepperbush, Rocket, (111. 55) 181 211 Tiger Tail, 262 Williams, 190 White, 259 Woodruff, 160 Gall Louse, 384 Sycamore, 265 Spurge, Flowering, 198 198 Syringa, Golden, 253 253 Squill, 315 Gordon's, 254 Stagger Bush, 263 Lemoine's, 254 Star-wort, 326 St. Bruno's Lily, 251 T St. John's Wort, 215 Shrubby, 215 Table of Contents, 7 Stonecrop, 315 Tamarisk, 333 Aizoon, 315 African, 333 Ewer's, 316 Common, 333 Middendorfs, 316 Tansy, 333 Orange, 316 Thorn, 185 Purple-leaved, 316 Cockspur, 186 Showy, 316 Double White, 186 Siebold's, 317 Evergreen, 275 Trailing, 317 Lavalle's, 185 White, 315 Paul's Scarlet, 186 Yellow, 315 Scarlet, 186 Strawberry-bush, 197 Washington, 186 Sugar Maple Borer, 380 Thoroughwort, 198 Sumach, 282 Thrift, 159 Cut-leaved, 283 Tick-seed, (111. 53) 182 Fragrant, 282 Tick Trefoil, 226 406 A PRACTICAL HAND BOOK Thyme, Common, Creeping, Golden-leaved, Gray-leaved, Trailing Arbutus, Tree of Heaven, Trees for Special Purposes, With Distinct Colored Other Than Green, With Ornamental Fruit, Tritoma, Trumpet Vine, Chinese, Tulip, Tulip Tree, Tupelo, Turtlehead, Tussock Moth, Valerian, Greek, Red, Varnish Tree, Vetch, Bitter, Vines and Climbers, Virgin's Bower, Virginia Creeper, Violet, Bird's Foot, Common Blue, Horned, Russian, White, Vites, Cut-leaved, Variegated, W Wake Robin, Walnut, Black, English, Water-leaf, 338 Water Lily, 245 338 Cape Cod, 245 338 Water Margin Planting, (111. 87) 338 Wayfaring Tree, 350 338 Weigelia, 192 195 Variegated, 192 150 White, 192 es, 389 When to Plant, 357 2d Leaves White Cup, 245 >en, 393 White Marked Tussock Moth, ruit, 392 The, 378 223 White Rod, 349 334 Wild Senna, 172 335 Marjoram, 247 (111. 35) 343 Pink, 318 232 Willow, 309 245 Babylonian, (111. 39) 309 177 Golden-barked, 311 378 Golden Weeping, 309 Glass, 310 Kilmarnock, 310 174 Laurel -leaved, 310 267 New American, 310 174 Red-barked, 311 224 Rosemary, 310 225 Silky, 311 225 Thurlow's, 309 392 Wisconsin, 309 181 White, 309 154 2C7 Virginian, 219 ooo w Witch Hazel, 206 \J