PROCEEDINGS •3M OF THE MANCHESTER INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Manchester, N. H. VOL IV, PflRT II, 1909 PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTE J. ARTHUR WILLIAMS, PRINTER MANCHESTER, N. H. , 1909 PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANTS Growing without cultivation in the vicinity of Manchester, New Hampshire Compiled by FREDERICK W. BATCHELDER Revised and Enlarged, 1909 Published by Manchester Institute of Arts and Sciences Manchester, N. H, INTRODUCTORY NOTE In the following revised and enlarged Preliminary List the arrangement of plant-families and the nomenclature are those of Gray's New Manual of Botany, recently published under the auspices of Harvard University. The compiler has not hesitated to include a number of plants of special interest from points as far north as the Winni- pesaukee basin, such as Franklin, Laconia and Sandwich, there being at present no danger of trespassing on the working field of other organizations. The object of publishing a Preliminary List being to stimu- late inquiry and observation and to elicit comparison, questions and criticisms will be always welcome. Additions, properly vouched for, will be gladly received, and will be incorporated in future lists. PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANTS Growing without cultivation in the vicinity of Manchester, New Hampshire COMPILED BY FREDERICK W. BATCHELDER Revised and Enlarged, 1909 PTERIDOPHYTA Polypodiaceae Polypodium vulgare L. Common Phegopteris polypodioides Fee. Common hexagoiioptera (Michx.) Fee. Less common Dryopteris (L.) Fee. Common Acliantum pedatum L. Abundant, but of irregular distribution Pteris aquiliiia L. Common Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. Not rare Aspleiiiuni Trichoiiianes L. Not common platy neuron (L.) Oakes. Locally abundant ; often called " rock fern " acrostichoides Sw. Not rare Filix-femiiia (L.) Bernh. Common Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Reported from Windham and Hudson Polysticlium acrostichcmles (Michx.) Schott. Common 4 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Aspidium Thelypteris (L.) Sw. Common noveboracense (L,.) Sw. Common marginale (L.) Sw. Common Bootii Tuckerm. Common cristatum (L,.) Sw. Common " var. Clintonianum B.C. Eaton. Occasional spinulosum (O. F. Miiller.) Sw. Not common " var. intermedium (Muhl.) D. C. Baton. Common " var. dilatatum (Hoffm.) Hook. Not rare Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Rather rare Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. Not rare obtusa (Sprang.) Torr. Rare Dicksonia punctilobula (Michx.) Gray. Common Onoclea seiisibilis L,. Common " var. obtusilobata (Schkuhr.) Torr. Occasional Struthiopteris (Lt.) Hoffm. Of irregular distribution Osmundaceae Osmunda regalis Iy. Common Claytoniaiia L<. Common cinnainomea Iv. Common " var. frondosa Gray. Occasional " var. incisa J. W. Huntington. Occasional Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum vulgatum I,. Rare, or rarely seen Botrychium simplex K. Hitchcock. Manchester. Rare lanceolatum (Gmel.) Angstroem, var. angustisegmeiitum Pease and Moore. Rather rare i OF ARTS AND SCIENCES- 5 ramosum (Roth.) Aschers. Less rare obliquum Muhl. Common " var. dissectum (Spreng.) Clute, Common ternatum (Thunb.) Sw., var. intermedium D. C. Eaton. Not common virginiaiium (L.) Sw. Common Equisetaceje Equisetum arvense L. Common sylvaticum L. Common palustre L. Manchester. (F. W. B.) Rare fluviatile L. Not rare hyemale L., var. affine (Engelm.) A.A.Eaton. Common Lycopodiacese Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. Common inundatum L. Not rare nil not iimm L. Common northward clavatum L. Common " var. monostachyon Grev. and Hook. Sandwich. Rare? obscurum L. Common " var. dendroideum (Michx.) D. C. Eaton. Common complanatum L. Common " var. flabelliforme Fernald. Common tristacliyum Pursh. Common Selaginellaceae Selagiuella rupestris (L.) Spring. Common apus (L.) Spring. Hudson. Rare? 6 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Isoetacese Isoetes echinospora Dur., var. Brauiiii (Dur.) Engelm. In sandy ponds SPERMATOPHYTA Taxacese Taxus Canadensis Marsh. Common Pinacese Pinus Strobus L,. Common rigida Mill. Common resinosa Ait. Less common Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch. Common Picea rubra (Du Roi) Dietr. Common mariana (Mill.) BSP. Common Abies 1) al same a (L,.) Mill. Common northward Tsuga Canadensis (L.) Carr. Common Chamsecyparis tliyoides (L,.) BSP. Manchester. The only known station Juniperus communis L. Francestown. Very rare " var. depressa Pursh. Common virginiana L. Common ANGIOSPERM^E Typliaceae Typha latifolia L. Common angustifolia Iy. Windham. (Geo. Dimmock) Rare Sparganiaceae Spargaiiium eurycarpuin Engelm. americaiium Nutt. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 7 Juncaginaceae Scheuchzeria palustris L. Stevens Pond, Manchester. Alismacese Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Common heterophylla Pursh. Not common graminea Michx. Not rare Alisma Plantago-aquatica L. Common Gramineae Andropogon scoparius Michx. Common furcatus Muhl. Common Sorghastrum nvitans (Iy.) Nash. Less common Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koehler. Manchester. Rare humif lisa Pers. Common saiiguinalis (L.) Scop. Common Leptoloina cognatum (Schultes) Chase. Concord. Bow. Rare Paspalum Muhlenbergii Nash. Rather common Panicum capillare L. Common philadelpliicuin Bernh. Less common miliaceum L. Occasional dichotomiflorum Michx. Not rare virgatum L. Rather rare agrostoides Spreng. Common depauperatum Muhl. Not common liiiearifolium Scribn. Common dichotomuni L. Common spretum Schultes. Common huachucae Ashe. Common 8 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE columbianum Scribn. sphflerocarpon Kll. Scribnerianum Nash. xaiithophysum Gray. clandestinum Iy. Boscii Poir. latifolium L. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Setaria glauca (Iy.) Beauv. viridis (I/.) Beauv. italica (Iy.) Beauv. Cenchrus carolinianus Walt. Zizania palustris Iy. Leersia virginica Willd. oryzoides (L.) Sw. Phalaris canarieiisis L. arundinacea L. Anthoxaiithuni odoratum Iy. Oryzopsis pungens (Torr.) Hitchc. asperifolia Michx. racemosa (Sm.) Ricker. Pelham Aristida dichotoma Michx. gracilis Ell. Common Rare Common Not rare Common Common Common Common Common Common A common escape Common along river banks Rare Common Common On dumps Not common Common Common Common Rare? Common Abundant in Pelham Muhlenbergia teiiuiflora (Willd.) BSP. sylvatica Torr. niexicaiia (Iy.) Trin. racemosa (Michx.) BSP. Schreberi J. F. Gmel. Apparently introduced Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. Phleum prateiise L. Not rare Common Common Common not common Common A common escape OF ARTS AND SCIENCES- 9 Alopecurns pratensis L,. Rare ? Sporobolus vagiiiiflorus (Torr.) Wood. Common neglectus Nash. Common Agrostis alba L. Common " var. vulgaris (With.) Thurb. Common [sylvatica L.] a teratological form of A. alba. Not rare hyemalis (Walt.) BSP. Common perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Common caniiia L. Not common Calamagrostia Pickeriiigii Gray. Pelham Rare canaclensis (Michx.) Beauv. Common cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton. Not common Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link. Hudson. Introduced as a sand-binder China arundinacea L. Common latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. Common Holcus lanatus L. Not common Spheiiopliolis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn., var. lobata (Trin.) Scribn. Manchester Rare Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter. Concord Not common Deschauipsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Common Aveiia fatna L. On dump ; very rare sativa L. A common escape Daiithoiiia spicata (L.) Beauv. Common conipressa Aust. Common, especially in wood roads Spartiiia Michanxiana Hitchc. Bank of -Merrimack River Rare 10 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Phragmites communis Trin. Hudson (IV. WentwortJi} Rare Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. Pelham Rare Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees. Not common Fraiikii (Fisch. Mey. & lyall.) Steud. Very rare pilosa (L.) Beauv. Common megastachya (Koehler) L,ink. Not common minor Host. Rare pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. Not rare Melica striata (Michx.) Hitchc. I^aconia Rare ? Dactylis glomerata L. Common Poa aniiua L. Common compressa L. Common nemoralis Iy. Common triflora Gilib. Common prate iisis L. Common trivialis L. Rare ? Glyceria Torreyaiia (Spreng.) Hitchc. Common obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. Pelham. Manchester Rare canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Common laxa Scribn. Not rare nervata (Willd.) Trin. Common graiidis Wats. Common pallida (Torr.) Trin. Common borealis (Nash.) Batchelder. Common acutiflora Torr. Manchester Rare Festuca rubra L. Common oviiia L. Not common elatior L. Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. II nutans Spreng. Concord Rare Bromus secaliiius L. Not common tectorum L- Rare ciliatus L. Common Nardus strieta L. Andover {Dr. A.A.Briggs) Very rare Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Common teiierum Vasey. Laconia Rare ? Hordeum jubatum L. Rare Elymus virginicus L,. Common canadeiisis L. Common Hystrix patula Moench. Not common Cyperaceae Cyperus diandrvis Torr. rivvilaris Kunth. deiitatvis Torr. strigosus L,. Common filiculmis Vahl., var. macilentus Fernald. Common Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton. Common Eleocharis Robbinsii Oakes. diaiidra C. Wright. Sandy shore of Merrimack River, Manchester, (F. W. B.) First collected in 1906. obtvisa (Willd.) Schultes. Common palustris (Iy.) R. & S. Common acicularis (Iy.) R. & S. Common tennis (Willd.) Schultes. Common Steiiophyllus capillaris (L.) Britton. Common Scirpus debilis Pursh. Sandy shore of Merrimack River, Manchester, (F. W. B.} 1908. Smithii Gray. Shore of Lake Massabesic, Auburn, (F. W. B.) 1908. 12 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE americanus Pers. Merrimack River, Manchester, and Lake Massabesic, Auburn, (F. W. B.) 1908. validus Vahl. Not rare sylvaticus Iy. Common atrovirens Muhl. Common cyperinus (I/.) Kunth. Common " var. condensatus Fernald. Not rare Eriophorum callitrix Cham. gracile Roth. Common tenellum Nutt. viridi-cariiiatum (Kngelm.) Fernald. Common virginicum L,. Common Rynchospora alba (L.) Vahl. Common glomerata (Iv.) Vahl. Common Cladiuin mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. Not rare Carex scoparia Schkuhr. tribuloides Wahlenb. siccata Dewey. mirabilis Dewey. straminea Willd. festucacea Schkuhr. stellulata Good. " var. cephalaiitha (Bailey) Fernald. caiiescens L. brunnesceiis Poir. bronioides Schkuhr. De\veyana Schwein. trisperma Dewey. tenella Schkuhr. retroflexa Muhl. Rare Muhleiibergii Schkuhr. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 13 cephalophora Muhl. vulpiiioidea Michx. stipata Muhl. criiiita Lam. " var. gynaiidra (Schwein.) Schwein. and Torr. Goodeiiowii J. Gay. stricta Lam. " var. aiigustata (Boott) Bailey. leptalea Wahlenb. viresceiis Muhl. gracillima Schwein. imibcllata Schkuhr. communis Bailey. novae-angliae Schwein. Concord. Rare peimsylvaiiica Lam. pallescens L. platyphylla Carey. digitalis Willd. laxiflora Lam. " var. patulifolia (Dewey) Carey. grisea Wahlenb. flava L. longirostris Torr. arctata Boott. debilis Michx., var. Rudgei Bailey. scabrata Schwein. flliformis L. laimgiiiosa Michx. Houghtonii Torr. vestita Willd. riparia W. Curtis. 14 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Pseudo-Cpyerus Iy. comosa Boott. hystericina Muhl. lurida Wahlenb. retrorsa Schwein. lupulina Muhl. intumescens Rudge. " var. Fernaldi Bailey. folliculata L. vesicar^a L. rostrata Stokes. " var. utriculata (Boott) Bailey. Tuckermani Dewey. Aracese Arissema triphyllum (Iy.) Schott. Common Peltandra virginica (Iy.) Kunth. Common Calla palustris L. Rare Symplocarpus foetidus (Iy.) Nutt. Common Acorus Calamus Iy. Common Liemnacege Spirodela polyrhiza (Iy.) Schleid. Lemna trisulca L. minor Iy. Eriocaulacese Eriocaulon articulatum (Huds.) Morong. Common Xyridacese Xyris montana Ries. Concord. Rare flexuosa Muhl. Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 15 Pontederiaceae Pontederia cordata L. Common A form with white flowers has persisted many years in a pond in Manchester. ( W. H, ffuse.) Juncacese Juncus bufonius L. Common tennis Willd. Common Greenii Oakes and Tuckerm. Common filiformis Iy. Common ? effusus L. Common Canadensis J. Gay. Common pelocarpus Mey. Common acumiiiatus Michx. Common articulatus L. Common marginatus Rostk. Common Luzula campestris (Iy.) DC., var. inultiflora (Hhrh.) Celak. Common Liliacene Veratruni viride Ait. Common Oakesia sessilifolia (L.) Wats. Common Lilivim pliiladelphicuni L. Common canadense L. Common Erythronium aniericanuni Ker. Locally abundant Ornitliogalum unibellatuni Iy. A common escape Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. A rare escape Asparagus officiiialis L. A common escape Cliiitoiiia borealis (Ait.) Raf. Common Smilaciiia racemosa (L.) Desf. Common stellata (Iy.) Desf. Common trifolia (Iy.) Desf. Concord. (Mrs. G. L. Green.) Rare? i6 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Maiaiithemum canadense Desf. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Manchester. Sandwich roseus Michx. Concord. Sandwich. Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. commutation (R. &S.) Dietr. Medeola virgiiiiana L. Trillium erectum L. Common cernuum L. undulatum Willd. Smilax herbacea L. rotundifolia L. Amaryllidaceee Hypoxis hirsuta (L,.) Coville. Iridacese Iris versicolor 1,. Sisyrincliium angastifoliiun Mill. gramiiieum Curtis. Pelham. atlaiiticum Bicknell. Rare? Less rare Common A garden escape Common Rare Common Common Common Common Common Common Common Rare? Common Orcliidace*e Cypripedium arietiimm R. Br. Franklin. Ivaconia. (F.W.B.} Rare parviflorum Salisb. East Concord. Rare " var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight. Locally abundant hirsutum Mill. Very rare. Station at Concord recently destroyed acaule Ait. Common . A form with the lip white has persisted many years at a station in Manchester. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. I? Orchis spectabilis L. Reported, but not yet verified Habenaria bracteata (Willd.) R. Br. flava (L.) Gray. Common hyperborea (L.) R. Br. dilatata (Pursh) Gray. clavellata (Michx.) Spreng. Common A form occurs with the lip pure white. obtusata (Pursh) Richards. Hookeri Torr. Common orbiculata (Pursh) Torr. macrophylla Goldie. Gilford. Sandwich. blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr. Very rare lacera (Michx.) R. Br. Common psychodes (L.) Sw. In the southern towns less common than H. fimbriata Andrewsii White. (H. lacera x H. psychodes.) Base of Whiteface Mountain, Waterville (Mrs. F. W. Batchelder) fimbriata (Ait.) R. Br. Common Pogoiiia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker. Common trianthophora (Sw.) BSP. Meredith. (F. W. B.) Very rare verticillata (Willd.) Nutt. Rare Calopogoii pulchellvis (Sw.) R. Br. Common Arethusa bulbosa L. Locally abundant Spiranthes gracilis (Bigel.) Beck. Common ceriivia (L.) Richard. Common Romanzoffiaiia Cham. Franklin. Sandwich. Not common l8 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Epipactis repens (I,.) Crantz., var. ophioides (Fernald) A. A. Eaton. Rare ? tesselata (lyodd.) A. A. Eaton. Common pubescens (Willd.) A. A. Eaton. Common Corallorhiza trifida Chatelain. Not rare maculata Raf . Common odontorhiza Nutt. Rare Microstylis unif olia (Michx.) BSP. Common Liparis liliifolia (L.) Richard. Manchester. (F. W. B.) Rare Loeselii (I,.) Richard. Concord. (Miss S. F. Sanborri) Rare Salicacese Salix nigra Marsh. Common " var. falcata (Pursh) Torr. Common lucida Muhl. Not rare fragilis Iy. alba L, babylonica L. ; cor data Muhl. Common discolor Muhl. Common h iiniilis Marsh. Common tristis Ait. Manchester. Rare sericea Marsh. Concord. rostrata Richards. Common Candida Fliigge. purpurea Iv. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 19 Populus alba L. A persistent escape tremuloides Michx. Common graiiditlentata Michx. Common balsamifera L. Plymouth. ( W. H. Huse) Rare ? candicans Ait. Common iiigra L., var. italica Du Roi. A persistent escape Myricacese Myrica Gale L. Common caroliiiensis Mill. Rare aspleiiifolia L,. Common Juglaiidaceae Juglans cinerea L. Common Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch. Common glabra (Mill.) Spach. Common Betulaceae Corylus americana Walt. Common rostrata Ait. Less common Ostrya virginiaiia (Mill.) K. Koch. Common Carpinus caroliiiiaiia Walt. Common Betula leiita Iy. Common lutea Michx. f. Common nigra L. Abundant in Pelham along Beaver Brook, and extending not less than four miles north of the Massachusetts line. populifolia Marsh. Common alba L., var. papyrif era (Marsh.) Spach. Common Aliius incaiia (L,.) Moench. Common rvigosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Common 20 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Fagaceee Fagus graiidifolia Ehrh. Common Castanea deiitata (Marsh.) Borkh. Common Quercus alba L. Common bicolor Willd. Common prinoides Willd. Common, at least as far north as Hooksett Priiius Iy. lyocally abundant rubra Iy. Common 66 var. ambigua (Michx. f.) Fernald. Not rare coccinea Muench. Common about Manchester velutina lyam. Common ilicifolia Wang. Common Urticacese TJlmus fulva Michx. Bank of Piscataquo.g River, Goffstown. (F.W.B.} Very rare americana I,. Common Humulus Lupulus Iy. Common japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. A recent immigrant Morus alba L. Still persisting in the older towns Urtica gracilis Ait. Common dioica L,. Becoming frequent Laportea caiiadensis (Iy.) Gaud. Common Pilea puinila (Iy.) Gray. Common Boeluneria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Common Santalaceae Comandra uiiibellata (Iy.) Nutt. Common Aristolochiacete Asamm canadeiise Iy. Rare ? OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 21 Polygonacese Rumex crispus L. Common obtusifolius L. Common Acetosella I,. Common Polygouum aviculare I,. Common erectum L. Rare ' lapithif olium I,. amphibium L. Muhleiibergii (Meisn.) Wats. Not rare pemisylvanicum Iv. Common Careyi Olney. Common Hydropiper L. Common acre HBK. Common orientale L. An occasional escape Persicaria Iy. Common hydropiperoides Michx. Common arifoliuni L. Common sagittatum 1^. Common Convolvulus Iv. ciliiiode Michx. scaiideus L,. Common cuspidatuiii Sieb. & Zucc. A recent immigrant Fagopyrum esculeiituiii Moench. A common escape Polygoiiella articulata (Iy.) Meisn. Common Cheiiopodiacese Chenopodium ainbrosioides 1^. On dumping grounds Botrys Iy. On dumping grounds hybridum L. Manchester. (F. W. B.) Rare? album L. Common 22 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Amaranthacese Amaranthus retroflexus L. Common hybridus L. Common " forma hypochondriacus (I,.) Robinson. paniculatus I,. grflecizans L. Common blitoides Wats. A railroad escape spiiiosus Iy. A recent immigrant Phytolaccacese Phytolacca decandra L. Not rare Illecebraceae Scleranthus animus L,. Common Anychia canadeiisis (Iy.) ESP. Windham. (F. W. B.) Rare Aizoaceee Mollugo verticillata Iy. Common Caryophyllaceae Spergularia rubra (It.) J. & C. Presl. Common Spergula arvensis Iy. Common Sagina procumbens L. Rare ? Arenaria lateriflora L,. Not common Stellaria borealis Bigel. Not rare uliginosa Murr. Common longifolia Muhl. Common graminea L. Common media (I,.) Cyrill. Common Cerastium arvense L. Not common vulgatum Iy. Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 23 Agrostemma Glthago L. Occasional Lychnis Flos-cuculi L. Occasional dioica L. Common alba Mill. Less common Silene antirrhina L. Occasional Anneria L. Occasional noctiflora L. Occasional latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Reudle. • Occasional Saponaria officinalis L. Common Dianthus Armeria L. Rare Portulacaceae Claytonia virgiiiica L. Less common than the next caroliniana Michx. Not rare JPortulaca oleracea L. Common Nymphaea advena Ait. Common Castalia odorata (Ait.) Woodville & Wood. Common Braseiiia Schreberi Gmel. Common Raiiviiiculaceae Ranunculus aquatilis L., var. capillaceus DC. delphiiiif olius Torr. Flammula L., var. reptans (L.) Mey. Common sceleratus L. niicranthus Nutt. abort! vus L. Common recurvatus Poir. Common fascicularis Muhl. Rare septentrionalis Poir. Common repens L. A lawn pest. Common 24 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE pennsylvanicus L,. f. bulbosus L,. Not common acris L,. Common " var. Steveni (Andrz.) Lange. Common Thalictrum revolutiim DC. Common polygamum Muhl. Common Anemonella thalictroides (I,.) Spach. Rare Hepatica triloba Chaix. Common acutiloba DC. Rare Anemone cylindrica Gray. Common virgiiiiana Iv. Common quinquefolia Iv. Common Clematis virginiana L,. Common Caltha paliistris Iy. Ivocally abundant Coptis -trif olia (I,.) Salisb. Common Aqnilegia canadeiisis L. Common Acta»a rubra (Ait.) Willd. Common alba (L,.) MilL Common Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris L. Common Lauracese Sassafras variifolium (Salisb.) Ktze. Common Benzoin yestivale (L.) Nees. Rare? Papaveraceae Sanguiiiaria canadensis I,. Locally abundant Chelidoninm majus L,. Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES- 25 Fumariacese Dicentra Cucullaria (L,.) Bernh. Rare canadensis (Goldie) Walp. Rare Corydalis sempervirens (L,.) Pers. Common Funiaria officinalis L. Occasional Cruciferae Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Becoming common Lepidium virginicum L. Common Subularia aquatica L. Very abundant at Lake Massabesic in Manchester and Auburn. (See Notes.) Capsella Bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Common Brassica iiigra (L.) Koch. Common campestris L. Common Sisymbrium officiiiale (Iy.) Scop. Common all issinnim L. Becoming common Sophia L. Rare Hesperis matroiialis L. An occasional escape Erysimum cheiraiithoides L. Not common Radicula Nasturtium-aquatlcum (L.) Britten & Rendle. Common sylvestris (L.) Druce. Rare palustris (L.) Moench. Common Arnioracia (L.) Robinson. Common Barbarea vvilgaris R. Br. Common Dentaria diphylla Michx. Concord. (Miss S. JF. Sanborn) Rare Cardaniine peiinsylvaiiica Muhl. Common [flexuosa Britton] a form of the preceding Common Arabis Canadensis (L.) . Pelham. Rare 4 26 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Sarraceiiiacese Sarraceiiia purpurea L. Common Droseraceae Drosera rotundifolia L. longifolia L. Crassulaceae Penthoruni sedoides L. Sedum acre L. purpureum Tausch. Sempervivum tectorum L. Common Common Common Common Common Occasional Saxifragacese Saxifraga peimsylvaiiica Iy. Common virginieiisis Michx. Common Tiarella cordifolia Iy. Common Mitella diphylla Iv. nuda L. Chrysospleiiium americaiiuin Schwein. Common Bibes CyiiOSbati Iy. Concord. (Miss M. A. Carter} Rare? floridum ly'Her. Rare ? pros tratum L' Her. Chichester. Candia. Rare? Hamanielidaceye Hamamelis virginiana I/. Common Platanacese Platamis occidentali^ Ir. Abundant along streams OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 2? Rosaceae Spiraea latifolia Borkh. Common tomeiitosa L. Common Pyrus Mains L. Common arbutifolia (L.) L. f., var. atropurpurea (Britton) Robinson. L,ess common than the next melaiiocarpa (Michx.) Willd. Common ainericaiia (Marsh.) DC. Common sitcheiisis (Roem.) Piper. Manchester. Concord. Rare Amelaiicbier canadeiisis (I,.) Medic. Common oblongifolia (T. & G.) Roem. CratBBgus. Species not as yet determined. Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Common vesca L. " var. americaiia Porter. Poteiitilla argnta Pursh. Rare nioiispelieiisis L,. Common argentea L,. Common fruticosa L,. Locally abundant trideiitata Ait. Hooksett Pinnacle and northward puiiiila Poir. caiiadeiisis L. Common " var. simplex (Michx.) T. & G. Geum caiiadeiise Jacq. Common virgiiiianum L. Common macrophyllum Willd. Common strictum Ait. Common rivale L. Common Rubus idfens L., var. aciileatissiiiins (C. A. Mey.) Regel & Tiling. Common iieglectus Peck. Not common 28 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE occidentalis L,. Common odoratus Iy. Common triflorus Richards. Common allegheniensis Porter. Common hispidus L. Common villosus Ait. Common Dalibarda repens Iy. Common Agrimoiiia gryposepela Wallr. Common Sanguisorba caiiadeiisis Iy. Common I Jos; i blaiida Ait. Rare ciiinamomea L. A persistent escape rubigiiiosa I/. Rare? iiitida Willd. Common Carolina Iy. Common virgiiiiana Mill. Common humilis Marsh. Common Primus serotina Khrh. Common virgiiiiana Iy. Common pennsylvanica Iy. f. Common cuneata Raf. Common LeguminosEe Gleditsia triacanthos Iy. An occasional escape Cassia marilandica L. Pelham. Rare? Baptisia tiiictoria (Iy.) R. Br. Common in the southern towns Lupinus perennis Iy. Common Plants with pink or white flowers are by no means rare. Trifolium arvense L. Common iiicaniatuiii L. An occasional escape prateiise Iy. Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. repens L. hybrid um L. agrarium L. procunibeiis L. Meliiotus officiiialis (L.) L,am. alba Desr. Medicago sativa L,. lupuliiia L. Tephrosia virginiana (L,.) Pers. Common Common Common Common Common Common Common Common Not rare in the southern towns Common Less common A persistent escape Occasional Robiiiia Pseudo- Acacia L. viscosa Vent. hi spiel ;t L. Coronilla varia L. Desmodium midiflorum (L.) DC. Common graiidiflorum (Walt.) DC. Common rotiindifoliiini (Michx.) DC. Not rare bracteosuni (Michx.) DC. Manchester. Rare? Dillenii Darl. paiiiculatum (L.) DC. caiiadense (L.) DC. Common niarilaiidiciini (it.) DC. Lespedeza virgiiiica (L.) Britton. Not rare frutescens (L.) Britton. Not rare hirta (L.) Hornem. Common capitata Michx. Common Vicia saliva L. Common angustifolia (L.) Reichard. hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray. Cracca L. Common 36 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Liathyrus pratensis L- Manchester. (L. B. Schwars} Rare Apios tuberosa Moench. Common Amphicarpa mouoica (L,.) Ell. Common Liuaceje Li 11 ii m usitatissimum I,. An occasional escape sulcatum Riddell. Manchester. Apparently adventive Oxalidacepe Oxalis Acetosella L,. Common in the northern towns violacea L,. stricta I,. Common Geraniaceie Geranium maculatum L,. Common Robertiaiiuni I,. Rare Bickiiellii Britton. Not common Polygalacere Poly gala paucifolia Willd. Common polygama Walt. Common saiiguinea I,. Common verticillata L. Nashua. Concord. Not common Euphorbiacefe Acalypha virginica L/. Common Euphorbia maculata I^. Common Cyparissias L. Common Callitrichacefe Callitriche palustris Iy. Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina L. glabra L. copallina L. Veriiix L. Common Common Common Common in the southern towns Also found at Concord. (Miss S. F. Sanborn} Toxicodendron L. Common Aquifoliaceae Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray. laevigata (Pursh) Gray. Nemopanthus mucroiiata (L.) Trel. Common Rare Common Celastraceae Celastrus scaiideiis L. Common Aceraceae Acer peimsylvaiiicum L. spicatuin Lam. saccharuni Marsh. saccharinuni L- rnbruni L. Common Common Common Common Common Balsaniiiiacese Impatieiis pallida Nutt. Manchester. (L.B.Schwarz) Rare biflora Walt. Common Rhanmaceae Ceaiiothus americanus L. Common PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Vitacese Psedera quinquefolia (I/.) Greene. Vitis labrusca L. restivalis Michx. vulpina Iy. Common Common Common Common Tilia americana I/. Tiliaceee Common Malvaceae Malva rotuiulifolia Iy. moschata L. Hibiscus Trionuni L. Common Occasional Occasional Hypericacese Hy peri c vim perforatum Iy. punctatum lyam. ellipticum Hook. boreale (Britton) Bicknell. niutilum L. majus (Gray) Britton caiiadense L. gentianoides (L.) BSP. virgiiiicum Iy. Common Common Common Common Common Common Common Common Cistacese Helianthemum caiiadense (Iy.?) Michx. majus BSP. Hudsonia ericoides Iy. Common Common Hooksett. Concord, lyocally abundant OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Lechea intermedia Leggett. ma riti ma Leggett. " var. interior Robinson. tenuifolia Michx. Pelham. (F. W. B.) 33 Common Common Common Very rare Viola pedata L. Violaceae Not rare in Locally abundant cucullata Ait. fimbriatula Sm. lanceolata L. primulifolia L. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. rotuiidifolia Michx. pubesceiis Ait. scabriuscula Schwein. coiispersa Reichenb. the southern towns at Manchester. Common Common Common Less common Common Not rare Common Less common Common Lythraceae Decodoii verticillatus (L.) Ell. Common Ly thrum alatum Pursh. Concord. (Miss S. F. Sanborn} Very rare Salicaria L. Occasional Melastoniaceiie Rhexia virgiiiica L. Manchester. Goffstown. Rare ? Oiiagraceae Liidvigia palustris (L.) Ell. Common Epilohium aiigustifolium L. Common molle Torr. (E. strictuni Muhl.?) Common 5 34 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE do 11 sum Raf. (E. lineare Muhl.?) coloratum Muhl. adenocaulon Haussk. Oenothera crviciata Nutt. biennis L. 1 HI mi In I,. Circaea lutetiana L,. intermedia Ehrh. alpina Iy. Haloragidaceae Proserpinaca'palustris Iy. pectinata I, am. Araliacete Aralia racemosa L hispida Vent. nudicaulis L. Panax trifolium Iy. Common Common Common Not rare Common Common Common Common ? Common ? Common Common Common Common Common Common Umbelliferne Sanicula marilandica L. Hydrocotyle americaiia Iv. Ozmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Cicuta maculata L. bulbifera Iy. Carum Carvi L. Petroselinum hortense Hoffm. 4 Sium cicutjiefolium Schrank. Cryptotsenia caiiadensis (L.) DC. Zizia aurea (Iy.) Koch. Common Common Manchester. Common Common Occasional Occasional Common Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES- 35 Pastiiiaca sativa L. Angelica atropurpurea L. Daucus Carota L. A pest in fields. Cornaceae Corn us caiiadeiisis L. floricla L. circiiiata VHer. Aniomuni Mill. stoloiiifera Michx. paiiiculata I/ Her. alternifolia Iy. f. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Common Not rare Common Common Not rare Not rare Common Common Common Common Common Ericaceae ClethraalnifoliaL. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. Moiieses uiiiflora (L.) Gray. Pyrola secvinda L. chloraiitha Sw. elliptica Nutt. americana Sweet. Monotropa uiiiflora L. Hypopitys L. Leduni groeiilandicuni Oeder. East Concord. (Mrs. L. F. Clough) Rare Rhododendron canesceiis (Michx.) G. Don. Common caiiadeiise (L.) BSP. Common Flowers sometimes white. maximum L. Manchester. Hopkinton. Rare Common Common Common northward Common Common Common Common Common Common 36 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Kalmia latifolia L. Common aiigustifolia L. Common polifolia Wang. Manchester. Rare Andromeda glaucophylla Link. Common Lyoiiia ligustriiia (L.) DC. Common Chamsedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. Common Epigaea repeiis L. Common Gaultheria procumbens L. Common Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Common Chiogenes hispidula (L.) T. & G. Common in the northern towns Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) T. & G. frondosa (L.) T. & G. Pelharn. Rare? baccata (Wang.) C. Koch. Common " forma glaucocarpa (Robinson) Mackenzie. Common " " leucocarpa (Porter) Fernald. Occasional Vaccinium pennsylvaiiicum Lam. Common " var. nigrum Wood. Common canadense Kalm. Common in the northern towns vacillans Kalm. Common corymbosum L. Common atrococcum (Gray) Heller. Common Oxycoccos L. Not common macrocarpon Ait. Common Primulaceae Lysimachia pimctata L. Common quadrifolia L. Common producta (Gray) Fernald. terrestris (L.) BSP. Common OE ARTS AND SCIENCES. 37 Xiimmularia L. An occasional escape thyrsiflora L. Steiroiieina ciliatum (I,.) Raf. Common lance olatuiii (Walt.) Gray. Common Trifciitalis americana (Pers.) Pursh. Common Anagallis arveiisis L. A rare escape Oleaceae Fraxiims americana L. Common peimsylvanica Marsh. Common iiigra Marsh. Common Ligustrum vulgare L. An occasional escape Gentiaiiacege Gentiana crinita Froel. Not rare, but in danger of extermination Saponaria L. Pelham. Rare AiidreAvsii Griseb. Common liiiearis Froel. Common Bartoiiia virgiiiica (L.) BSP. Common Menyaiithes trifoliata L. Common Nyinphoides lacuiiosuin (Vent.) Fernald. Cohas Brook, Manchester. Rare Apocynacese Vinca minor L. An occasional escape Apocyniun aiidrosjeniifolinm L. Common camiabiiiiuii L. Common 3§ PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Asclepiadaceae ' Asclepias tuberosa Iy. Merrimack. Not common purpurascens Iy. Common incarnata Iy. Common " var. pulchra (Khrh.) Pers. Common syriaca L. Common amplexicaulis Sm. Common, at least as far north as Manchester phytolaccoides Pursh. Common Coiivolvulaceae Convolvulus spithamaeus Iy. sepium Iy. Cuscuta Gronovii Willd. Common Polem oniaceae Phlox subulata Iy. A common escape Boraginaceae Cynoglossum boreale Fernald. Lappula virginiana (Iy.) Greene. Symphytum officiiiale Iy. Myosotis scorpioides Iy. laxa lyehm. Manchester. (L. B. Schwarz) Rare virginica (L.) BSP. Manchester. (F. W.B.) Not common Echium vulgare Iy. Concord. (Miss S. F. Sanborn) Rare Verbenaceae Verbena urticaefolia Iy. Common angustifolia Michx. Common hastata Iy. Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 39 Labiatse Teucrium canadense L. occidentale Gray. Trichostema dichotomum I,. Common, at least as far north as Manchester Scutellaria lateriflora L. Common galericulata L. Common Nepeta Cataria L. Common hederacea (L.) Trevisan. Common, fast becoming a pest Prunella vulgaris L. Common Physostegia virgiiiiana (L,.) Benth. An occasional escape Galeopsis Tetrahit L. Common Ladaimin L,. Suprisingly abundant at Sandwich in borders of fields and by roadsides. (F. IV. B.} Leonurus Cardiaca L. Common Stachys palustris L. Moiiarda didyina L. flstulosaL. Bedford. Sandwich. (F. W. B.} " var. rubra Gray. Sandwich. " puiictata L. Escaped from cultivation ? Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. Satureja vulgaris (L,.) Fritsch. Pyciiaiithemum flexuosuiii (Walt.) BSP. Common virginianum (L.) Durand & Jackson. Common iiicammi (L.) Michx. Common niuticum (Michx.) Pers. Common Thyiiius Serpyllum L. Concord. (Miss S. F. Sanborn} Rare Lycopus virginicus L. Common vmiflorus Michx. Common americaiius Muhl. Common 40 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Mentha longifolia (I,.) Huds. Manchester. On dumps rotuiidifolia (I,.) Huds. An occasional escape spicata L. Common piperita L Common gentilis It. Not rare arvensis L., var. caiiadeiisis (I,.) Briquet. Common Colliiisoiiia caiiadeiisis L. Pelham. (F. W. B.} No other station yet reported. Solaiiacere Solauum Dulcamara L. Common nigrum Iv. Not common carolineiise L. Occasional in cultivated grounds Physalis pruiiiosa L. In waste places heterophylla Nees. In waste places Datura Stramonium Iv. On dumps Tatula Iy. On dumps Scrophulariacese Verbascum Thapsus L. Common Linaria vulgaris Hill. Common caiiadeiisis (L.) Dumont. Common Scrophularia leporella Bicknell. Manchester. Rare Peiitstemoii hirsutus (Iy.) Willd. Not common Irevigatus Ait., var. Digitalis (Sweet) Gray. Rare Cheloiie glabra L. Common Mimulus riugens L. Common Ilysanthes dubia (I/.) Barnhart. Common anag-allidea (Michx.) Robinson. Rare Lake Massabesic, Manchester. (F. W. B '. ) Grratiola virginiana Iv. Not common aurea Muhl. Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 41 Veronica americana Schwein. scutellata L. Common officinalis L. Chamsedrys L. serpyllifolia L. Common peregrina L. Gerardia pedicularia L. Common flava L. Less common than the next virginica (L.) BSP. Common paupercula (Gray) Britton. Common tenuifolia Vahl. Manchester. Not rare in the southern towns Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Pelham. Rare Melaiiipyruni lineare Lam. Common Pedicularis canadensis L. Common Lentibulariacese Utricularia vulgaris L., var. americana Gray. Common gibbaL. Manchester. (F. W. B.) Rare intermedia Hayne. Concord. (Miss S, F. Sanborn) Rare purpurea Walt. Concord. (Mrs. L. S. C lough} Rare resupinata B. D. Greene. Manchester. (7^. W.B.) Rare cornuta Michx. Common Orobanchaceae Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart. Common Conopholis americana (L. f.) Wallr. Meredith. (F. W. B.} Rare Orobanche uniflora L. Common 6 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Plantago major Iy. Rugelii Dene. lanceolata Iy. aristata Michx. Plaiitaginaceae Common The most abundant species Common Manchester. Rare ? Rubiacese Galium apariiie Iy. Common verum Iy. Occasional pilosum Ait. Pelham and Hudson. (F. W. B.) Rare? circsezans Michx. Common lanceolatum Torr. Common boreale Iy. Manchester. (L. B. Schwarz} Not common Mollugo Iy. Recently introduced palustre L. trifldum L,. asprellum Michx. triflorum Michx. Mitchella repens 1^. Cephalanthus occidentalis Houstoiiia caervilea Iy. longifolia Gaertn. Not rare Common Common Common Common Common Common Locally abundant Caprifoliacefle Diervilla Lonicera Mill. Common Lonicera caerulea Iy., var. villosa (Michx.) T. & G. Manchester. ( W. H. Huse) Rare canadensis Marsh. Common Linnaea borealis Iy., var. americana (Forbes) Render. Not common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 43 Triosteum aurantiacuin Bicknell. Hudson. (F. W. B.} Collected but once Viburnum aliiifolium Marsh. Common Opulus L-, var. aiiiericaiium (Mill.) Ait. Common acerifolium L. Common clentatum L,. Common cassiiioid.es L. Common Lentago L. Common Sambucus caiiadeusis L. Common racemosa L. Less common Cucurbitace&e Sicyos aiigulatus L. Common Echiiiocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Common Campaimlacese Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Rare? Campanula rapunculoides L. An occasional escape rotundifolia L. Common aparinoides Pursh. Common Lobeliaceae Lobelia cardiiialis Iy. Common spicata Lam. Common i 11 flat a L. Common Dortmauna L. Common Compositse Eupatorium purpureum L. Common verbeiise folium Michx. Common pubescens Muhl. Manchester. perfoliatum L. Common urticaefolium Reichard. Common 44 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Mikania scandens (I,.) Willd. Goffstown. Liatris scariosa Willd. Solidago squarrosa Muhl. Laconia. Sandwich, csesia L. latifolia L. Mcolor L. puberula Nutt. uliginosa Nutt. speciosa Nutt. patula Muhl. argnta Ait. juncea Ait. neglecta T. & G. uniligulata (DC.) Porter. odora Ait. Manchester. ulmifolia Muhl. rugosa Mill. nemoralis Ait. canadensis L,. serotina Ait. " var. gigantea (Ait.) Gray. gramiiiifolia (Iy.) Salisb. Aster divaricatus I,. macropliyllus 1^. radula Ait. novae-angliae L<. patens Ait. Manchester. undulatus L. cordifolius Iy. L,. Rare? Not common Not common Common Not common Common Common Common Common Common Common Not common Common Common Common Common Common Common Common Common Common Common On dumping grounds Not rare Common Common Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES- 45 polyphyllus Willd. Manchester. Rare ericoides L. Not common multiflorus Ait. Common diimosus L. Common vimiiieus Lam. Common lateriflorus (L.) Britton. Common " var. hirsuticaulis (Lindl.) Porter. Common paniculatus Lam. Not common jiuiceus Ait. Not common loiigifolius Lam. Not common novi-belgii L. Common tardiflorus L. Common preuanthoicles Muhl. puiiicevis L. Common unibellatus Mill. Common linariifolins L. Common acvuiiiiiatus Michx. Common neiiioralis Ait. Stevens Pond, Manchester. (F. W. B.) Rare Erigeroii pulchellus Michx. Common philadelpliicus L. Common animus (L-) Pers. Common ramosus (Walt.) BSP. Common canadeiisis L. Common Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) BSP. Common linifolius (L.) BSP. Common Autennaria Parlinii Fernald. Common canadensis Greene. plaiitaginifolia (L.) Richards. Common fallax Greene. PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE neodioica Greene. neglecta Greene. Anaphalis margaritacea (I,.) B. & H. Gnaphalium polycephalum Michx. decurrens Ives. uliginosum Iy. purpureum L,. Inula Helenium Iy. Ambrosia triflda Iy. artemisiifolia Iy. Xanthium canadense Mill. " commune Britton. Heliopsis scabra Dunal. Rudbeckia hirta I,- laciniata I/. Pelham. Heliaiithus giganteus Iy. Manchester. Concord divaricatus Iy. strumosus Iy. decaj)etalus Iy. tuberosus Iy. Bidens froiidosa Iy. coimata Iy. cernua Iy. Beckii Torr. Concord. (Miss S. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Becoming a Helenium autumnal e Iy. Achillea Millefolium Iy. Anthemis Cotula Iy. arvensis L. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum Iy. Common Common Common Common Not rare Not common Common Common Common Rare Common Not common Not common Common Common Common Common Common Common Common F. Sanborn) troublesome weed Rare Common Common Occasional Common OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 47 Tanacetum vulgare L,. Artemisia vulgaris L. Tussilago Farfara L. Petasites palmatus (Ait.) Gray. Manchester. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. Senecio aureus L,. Arctium Lappa L. Sandwich. Tamworth minus Bernh. Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Hill. muticum Michx. pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. arveiise (L.) Scop. palustre (L,.) Scop. East Andover. Centaur ea nigra L. Cichoriuni Intybus L. Krigia Virginica (L.) Willd. Leoiitodon autumnalis L. Tragopogon porrifolius L,. pratensis L. Taraxacum officinale Weber. erythrospermum Andrz. Sonchus arvensis L. oleraceus L. asper (L.) Hill. Lactuca scariola L., var. integrata Gren. & Godr. Recently introduced canadensis L. Common spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. Common Common Common in waste places Not common Concord. Rare Common Common Not common Common Common Common Common Common (G. W. Holt} Occasional Roadsides. Not common Common Rare? An occasional escape An occasional escape Common Not rare Becoming common Rather common Rare? 48 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE Prenanthes alba L,. Common serpentaria Pursh. Common trifoliolata (Cass.) Fernald. Common altissima L. Common " var. hispidula Fernald. Manchester. Hieracium auraiitiacum L. Becoming a pest northward venosum L. Common paniculatum L,. Common marianum Willd. Manchester. (L. B. Schwarz) Rare scabrum Michx. Common canadense Michx. Common Notes to Plant List. 1. Botrycliium obliqunm Muhl. This polymorphous species is abundant throughout our range. All the named "varieties " occur, but so connected by intermediate forms that it seems impossible to separate them definitely. Moreover, all or most of the forms may often be found in the same station. The "variety" dissectum Spreng. is abundant, constituting at least TO per cent of the species. The compiler was somewhat surprised to find this form as abundant at Sandwich, 60 miles north, as at Manchester. An old field, part orchard, yielded hundreds of plants of B. obliquum^ about 15 per cent of them being good dissectum . As might be expected, the plants when growing in the open are stouter, more coriaceous and more copiously fruited than when growing in shade. This difference is particularly noticeable in the dissected forms, which when growing in damp shady places have the sterile segment of the frond thin and membranous and cut into exquisite lace-like patterns. Both at Manchester and Sandwich were found interesting departures from the normal production of the sporophyll. In typical specimens a single sporophyll springs from near the base of the plant. The following abnormal forms were noted : 1 . 2 or 3 sporophylls from the normal point : 2. 2 from the normal point, and i or 2 from near the base of the petiole of the sterile segment : 3. i from the normal point, and i or 2 from near the middle of the petiole of the sterile segment : 4. None from the normal point, 2 as in the preceding : 5. i from the normal point, i occupying the place of one of the ternate divisions of the sterile segment. 50 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE 2. Chamsecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. The only station yet reported is the "rhododendron swamp" located in the northwest corner of Manchester, where the species is associated with Rhododendron maximum L,. and Nyssa syl- vatica Marsh. [See note on Rhododendron maximum below. ~\ 3. Juniperus comnmiiis L. Known only from Francestown, where there are arborescent forms approaching 4 meters in height, strikingly different in aspect and habit from the var. depressa Pursh, which is com- mon everywhere. - 4. Digitaria filif ormis (L,.) Koehler. At Rock Rimmon, West Manchester. This is an exposed ledge, in the vicinity of which are ecological conditions favor- able to a great variety in the flora, as the following names may show: Asplenium platyncuron (I/.) Oakes., (rare in this vicinity), Eragrostis capillaris (Iy.) Nees., Sorghastrum nutans (Iy.) Nash., Quercus Prinus L., Lespedesa frutescens (I/.) Britton., Rhus Vernix L,. 5. Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase. There are two stations of this species known, one in Bow (Dr. A. A. Briggs) and one in Concord (F. W. B.}, both near the Merrimack River bank, where the land is subject to over- flow during freshets and is largely covered with fine white sand. (>. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn., var. lobata (Trin.) Scribn. In Cohas Brook meadows, Manchester. Specimens are in the Gray Herbarium. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 51 7. Trideiis flavus (L.) Hitchc. Abundant in the vicinity of a grist mill in Pelham. Prob- ably introduced. Appearances indicated that it must have persisted for a number of years when first found by the compiler in 1899. 8. Eragrostis Fraiikii (Fisch. Mey. & Lall.) Steud. Collected once near the track of a newly constructed elec- tric road. Probably an immigrant from the West or South. 9- Cypripeclium arietiimm R. Br. A few plants of this species were found by the compiler in Laconia, near Doe Mountain, Aug. 30, 1897. The station has been visited several times since, but, though careful search has been made there and in the vicinity, not a single plant has yet been found. A station was discovered in Franklin in 1904 by Alexis Proctor, a sharp-eyed boy, while searching for rare plants to be exhibited and studied in school. In 1905 the com- piler visited the station and secured one specimen in fruit for the herbarium of the Institute. 1C. Cypripeclium parviflorum Salisb., var. pubesceiis (Willd.) Knight. Some fifteen years ago a number of these plants were removed to a "wild bed" in a city lot. There they throve and multi- plied for several years. They soon began to manifest a marked change in appearance, becoming smaller and producing smaller flowers in which the lip was strongly compressed laterally, be- came more pointed at the apex and assumed a paler shade of yellow. Several plants of C. parviflorum which were set out at the same time remained constant to the type, the lip neither changing in shape nor losing the bright golden yellow tint exhibited in the native habitat. None of the plants of C. parvi- florum survive. Those of the variety which survive seldom produce flowers. 52 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE 11. Habeiiaria fimbriata (Ait.) R. Br. [Mostly reprinted from Vol. I.] Abundant in the vicinity of Manchester. A study of the forms is extremely interesting. There are two well marked forms which are so constant in their differences as to demand a special account. What may be called typical H. fimbriata be- gins to bloom, at least in Dearly" seasons, by the ist of June. The flowers are scentless except for the rank odor common to the orchid family, and are usually gone by the ist of July. About the latter date the other form begins to flower, some plants being found in bloom as late as Aug. 25. In this form the flowers are richly scented, having a fragrance similar to that of H. psychodes, but less heavy and therefore more agree- able. The lip and petals are more deeply cut and the pedicels slenderer than in the early form and the whole plant has a more graceful and delicate aspect. There are several abundant stations of this late form known. In most of these the flowers vary in color from pinkish to rather dark purple. In one sta- tion, besides the plants with light and dark purple flowers, there are always some with pure white flowers. The differences may be summarized thus : Early form, June ist to July ist, flowers purple, not fra- grant, rather stoutly pedicelled, with lip and petals not deeply cut ; late form, July ist to Aug. 25th, flowers dark to light pur- ple, pinkish or pure white, very fragrant, with rather slender pedicels and with lip and petals quite deeply cut. So far as observed the two forms do not grow together. H. psychodes, comparatively rare in this vicinity, is found with or near both forms. The forms are persistent, being found in the same stations year after year. The personal observations of the compiler extend over a period of sixteen years. The white-flowered form had been known for an indefinite period before his observations began. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 53 12. Pogonia triaiithophora (Sw.) BSP. [Reprinted from Vol. III.] A station of this beautiful little orchid was discovered by the compiler on the shores of L,ake Winnipesaukee, Aug. 12, 1896. (?) At this time the plants were very abundant, often grow- ing in dense clusters or colonies. In a single patch of leaf-mold, about 14 by 8 inches in extent, no less than 120 plants were found in full flower. The plants behaved badly in drying, and specimens prepared for herbaria were very unsatisfactory. The next visit to the station was on Aug. 27, 1897, when the plants were very scarce and poorly developed. The last visit was on Aug. 18, 1901. While not as abundant as when the station was discovered, the plants were then sufficiently numerous and in good condition. A number of clumps and of single plants with the leaf-mold attached were packed in tin boxes with moss and successfully transported, reaching botanical friends in Massa- chusetts in fine condition. The collector having suspected, from both the habitat and the habit of the plants, that they were to some extent saprophytic or symbiotic, suggested to one of the recipients of his plants, Mr. R. G. Leavitt, a critical examina- tion of the root system. The examination tended to prove that the plants are hemisaprophytes, deriving organic food from the humus. It also showed a particularly clear case of "mykorhi- za," certain fungi having penetrated the tissues of the root and also sent hyphse from it in all directions, so that the root looked as if clothed with root hairs. The paleness of the parts above ground and the feeble de- velopment of the chlorophyll are very noticeable. As far as observed, the plants all grow in leaf-mold and have no attach- ment to the soil beneath. In fact, the layer of leaf-mold is usually superposed on rock and the plants are most abundant in the little hollows between angular fragments of the rock where little or no other soil can have accumulated. The trees in the locality are mostly hemlock, maple, oak and beech, meeting white pine on the upper part of the slope. Other interesting 54 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE plants of the locality are Orobanche uniflora L,., Conopholis americana (L,. f.) Wallr., Epifagus virginiana (Iy.) Bart., Monotropa uniflora I/., M. Hypopitys Iy. 13. Pogonia verticillata ( Willd.) Nutt. This species, noted in Vol. I of these Proceedings (1900) as " locally abundant," must now be set down as rare and in danger of extermination. In Manchester the station where it was the most abundant has been transformed into a plantation of Solanum tuberosum, doubtless more profitable to the owner of the land than the orchids, but less interesting to the botanist. At the other station the plants are greatly reduced in number. From the station in Auburn but a single plant has been secured since 1900. This was collected in September and bore two well developed capsules. Doubtless there are other stations of the species. When discovered it is to be hoped they will not be- come too well known. 14. Spiraiithes Romaiizofliaiia Cham. A station in Sandwich is located in open land near the top of a high hill. The plants are associated with Botrychium ramosum (Roth.) Aschers., B. obliquum Muhl., Lycopodium clavatum (Iy.), var. monostachyon Grev. & Hook., Microstylis unifolia (Michx.) BSP., and Potentilla tridentata Ait. 15. Liparis liliifolia (Iy.) Richard. Collected in Manchester in 1895, but not found since. Two plants set out in a "wild bed" survived and flowered three years. The fourth year the plants were winter-killed, so that there remains not even an herbarium specimen. 16. Liparis Loeselii (Iy.) Richard. Thus far reported only from Concord, where it was once collected by the compiler. Here, again, the march of agricul- tural progress has seriously diminished if not exterminated the species at the only known station. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES- 55 1 7 . Betula nigra L . Abundant in Pelham along Beaver Brook for at least four miles north of the Massachusetts line. Undoubtedly members of a westerly extension into this corner of New Hampshire of the remarkable station discovered many years ago by Mr. Geo. B. Kmerson at Spickett Falls in Methuen, Mass., (which adjoins Pelham on the southeast), and described by him in his " TREES AND SHRUBS OF MASSACHUSETTS," (q. v.). The number of individual plants must mount into the thousands. The trees may be seen in abundance at either of the three old stone bridges which span Beaver Brook near Pel- ham Center. Near the north bridge are particularly fine large trees and also handsome groves of them. The species should be looked for in the southern parts of Salem and Hudson. 18. Quercus prinoides Willd. Abundant as far as several miles north of Manchester, but not yet observed at Concord. Arborescent plants are not rare. Some in Hudson measured 4 m. in height, with stems 1.25 dm. in diameter. Others in Manchester were 5 m. in height with stems 8 cm. in diameter. These large forms appeared to be old, and they bore little or no fruit. So far as observed they did not show any approach to Q. Muhlenbergii Kngelm., except in size. 19. Quercus Prinus L. Two stations of this species have been examined, one in Manchester, at Rock Rimmon, the other in Auburn, six miles distant. The leaves vary greatly in outline, those en the finest, best developed trees being often as nearly entire as those of typical bicolor, or of the Chestnut, while on stunted, ill developed trees they are often as deeply lobed as in alba. There are also at both stations trees with the fruit long-peduncled as in bicolor, the leaves accompanying them being always of the less deeply lobed form. 56 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE 2O. Quercus rubra L., var. ambigua (Michx. f.) Fernald. It is a relief to find this form authoritatively named as a variety of rubra rather than coccinca. The trees observed in this vicinity have altogether the aspect and habit of rubra, dif- fering from the type only in their fruit, which somewhat re- sembles that of coccinca. The fruit varies on different plants, being large on some and small on others, having the cups sometimes thick and sometimes thin, but always deep, and the scales sometimes appressed and sometimes slightly squarrose. The freeness of the trunk from lichens is also a character of some importance, the bark in coccinea being usually more or less infested with them, while that of rubra is noticeably free from them. 21. Quercus coccinea Muench. As was reported in a note to Quercus in Vol. I of these Proceedings, (1900), this is at Manchester the most abundant of the eight species named. The eastern part of the city may fairly be said to have been originally laid out in groves of scarlet oak. Many of the trees which were spared when the land was cleared remain as shade trees. In autumn the characteristic tint of the foliage sheds a blaze of glory over Derryfield Park and Oak Hill and the dry hills farther to the east. The largest trees thus far noted are from 60 to 70 ft. high. In general the species appears to be more subject to decay and consequently shorter lived than rubra or velutina. Sound and vigorous trees are, perhaps, the handsomest of the genus. 22. Ulmus fulva Michx. The two trees reported in Vol. I (1900) as growing at "Arcadia" by Piscataquog river have unfortunately been de- stroyed during the formation of the artificial lake which has re- placed the meadows for a mile or more above Kelley's Falls. It is greatly to be desired that thorough search be made for the OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 57 species higher up the river valley, since it is not unlikely that the two trees known were indigenous. The fact that there were old houses and abandoned farms in the vicinity renders the spontaneousness of the trees in some degree questionable. On the other hand, the location of the trees with reference to the houses was not such as to favor the supposition that they were planted by the hand of man. 23. Subularia aquatica L. In 1906, while hunting for shore plants at Lake Massabe- sic, the compiler found a few plants of this very local crucifer which had been driven by the south wind upon Severance's beach, a long stretch of fine white "scouring sand" on the north shore, in the town of Auburn. In October 1907, the lake being unusually low, more of the bottom was exposed and the plants were found in great abundance. In October 1908, when the extraordinary drought of that season had still further re- duced the level of the lake, so that the surface was 2 ft. below the top of the dam at the outlet and 5 ft. below the level of the lake when full, a much larger area of sand was exposed. There was found (Oct. 8) to be an almost continuous belt of the plants from 2 ft. to 2 rods wide, the greater part still immersed, extending for a distance of not less than 1500 ft. A square foot of sand, measured off where the plants were thickly sown, con- tained by actual count more than 100 plants. [See also Rhodora, November 1908.] 24:. Hudsoiiia ericoides L. There is an immense station of this species at Concord on the high sand bluffs east of Merrimack river. The principal station examined extends along the top and riverward slope of the bluff for more than a quarter of a mile. There is more on the next bluff northward, and still more south of the highway 8 58 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE which runs below the principal station. The soil is dry, the "bluffs being composed of yellow river sands. The old name " Sugar Bowl," applied to the most conspicuous bluff, was sug- gested to our forefathers by the resemblance of this sand to the brown sugar so commonly used in their day. There are no rocks in the vicinity. There is another station at Hooksett, where the Suncook branch of the B. & M. R. R. crosses the river. Here are rocks in abundance. 25. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. The tupelo, one of the most interesting of our native trees, is much less rare than is generally supposed, being irregularly distributed throughout our area. At Deer Neck, Lake Massa- besic, the trees may be seen in great abundance. The largest trees observed are in the "rhododendron swamp," (see note below), where they are associated with Chamacyfaris thy aides and Rhododendron maximum. When the swamp was invaded by ' ' deforesters ' ' some 20 years ago the axe willingly spared these tough old giants. Large trees may often be recognized at a distance by the peculiar contour of the trunk, which has a columnar aspect, the diameter diminishing but slightly from base to summit. The trunk is usually bare for nearly half its length and often appears as if broken short off at the top. The bark is very thick and rough, and is seamed and cross-seamed in a characteristic man- ner. The horizontality of the branches also constitutes a good "field mark." 26. Rhododendron maximum L. The Manchester station of this beautiful species is a high wet swamp, very difficult of access. Here the plants are asso- ciated with Chamtzcyparis thyoides &\\d, Nyssa sylvatica, as noted above. They are usually in flower about July 4th. Since the OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 59 swamp was denuded of its trees the rhododendrons have not flowered as well as formerly, and after very cold winters the buds are mostly blighted. Little success has of late attended the transplanting of individuals. There is also a station at Hopkinton, about 20 miles farther north. Summary. Number of Families represented.. , 103 Number of Genera represented . . . 428 Number of Species . . io63 Number of Varieties and Named Forms . 36 Total Number of Names .... 1099 man one st er flrt.p «n<1 institute of sciencpR Mn v.2-4 M Chester, J P.-,-.-.,-,- j*,-. J. H. i A u^et?u._Lii 5s- '^~-~ , • . — ^ 5 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY