se r Cop.3 DC BRANCH MARKETING RESEARCH REPORT NO. 888 Y, $. bes r Nations in A ACR CuLTUne HuUL TUBA Ligaany OU TAT RESCapS PRICES AND SPREADS FOR Apples, Grapefruit, Grapes, Lemons, and Oranges SOLD FRESH IN SELECTED MARKETS, —-1962/63-1966/67 — ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. i 4 \- Cop.3 D , D.3 DC B MARKETING RESEARCH REPORT NO. 888 Aa sir p RANCH | Ug, bEpr UATiOngy Aenig A Poe JUL 16 i979 Hi: ; 5 PRICES AND SPREADS FOR Apples, Grapefruit, Grapes, Lemons, and Oranges SOLD FRESH IN SELECTED MARKETS, 1962/63-1966/67 | ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ABSTRACT This report presents prices and price spreads for Washington Red Delicious apples, Florida grapefruit, California Thompson Seedless grapes, California lemons, Florida oranges, California Navel oranges and California Valencia oranges all sold fresh in four markets each for five marketing seasons—1962/63 to 1966/67. Seasonal average prices, both retail and shipping point (grower and packer return), declined for Florida grapefruit, Florida oranges, California Navel oranges,and California Valencia oranges during the marketing seasons covered in this report. In contrast, prices increased for Thompson Seedless grapes and Washington Red Delicious apples. Prices remained practically unchanged for California lemons The total price spread between shipping point and retail decreased for Florida grapefruit, Florida oranges, California Valencia oranges,and Washington Red Delicious apples; increased for Thompson Seedless grapes; and remained practically unchanged for California Navel oranges and California lemons. Key words: Prices, price spreads, fruits, apples, grapefruit, grapes, lemons, oranges. Se ee ee eee ee ee ee For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 PREFACE For a number of years, Congress has allotted funds to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for research on prices and spreads between farmers and consumers. This is the second comprehensive report of prices and spreads for fresh fruits issued under those special funds. The first report, Statistical Bulletin No. 340, “Prices and Spreads for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Selected Markets, 1956-62,” was issued in 1964. Research on prices and spreads for vegetables, potatoes, and sweetpotatoes sold fresh in selected markets, 1963-67, is underway. The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of Dorothy M. Lundquist, Statistical Assistant, Horticultural and Special Crops Branch, Marketing Economics Division, who aided in planning and preparing the statistical portion of this report. CONTENTS Page DUTTA dies Geca) arrewenes ace: araiar a bc huhe we 2a end Syena etd oie Sueeae-@ A. dpeoe, BOS Ha a Bale Se Miarocde Vill INtPOdUCHON (555.6,0.8 os Stee BOK ATe a eee GRR ORR TERE OMS DEO Oe He eee ROS « 1 Methodolosy and. sources Of data sc. 24 Kah alee ea de ee wae oS V eee eS l GlossanyO8 ‘terns? «eodary.2%h 6.4 le od Gao bh des ¥ Sek ad eee eS eibaeuee gator Bs 2 Washington Red Delicious.:applés: .... 4 0d 6 ose wees Pew eocne Seed eed Bae oe 2 BlOri@aterapemuit, "a Sats susie o apts ack urwies Ga aes. Take ark eubhey sc eaa Gy nde oes bus Gis, het 14 California Thompson Seedless grapes... ck ee ee eee ee eae see ws 22 California Jemons’ 3.5.5 g.-e%écdesnaus acd cebie a Bie a eee Se ees bas apa teas Sagay deck weal Sle cos 29 OPAM BOSS. eFGresitk Gasset a's Seeds ocean pack rena eerie: Stee hese a ba Selagull Sie whee hg Seas, § 41 Florida? Oran SOS. erkss sks opt Saws 6 olde Dee Ske se Gata ha De Se edo e O eae 41 Califoinia navel Ofangeswn. «4% whe BSowals ware Sele wh ee we aha hee ol Slee BS etal 52 California ‘Valencia Oranges o.c.4:6 cap aca Mibieee ea haw Ge Rad Ow Gaara lere Se are Bas 63 JUNE 1970 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20250 ili TABLES 1 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1961/62 to 1966/67 2 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 ................ 3 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 ............. 4 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 .......... 5 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 ................. 6 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons,:1961/62 t6.1966/67 30x pas case Care eens 26 ewe Geek ee ees 7 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Los Angeles; by months. and seasons, 1961/62 (6. 1966/67 = 0 a.vea06 © cee conse De gees coe ae 8 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by months and seasons; 1961/62 to 1966/67 ow nie ea ses vanes peewee en 9 Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Spreads per carton and asa percentage of the retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1961/67 t0.1966/67 acs iy ashore adeeies bh onsraeaade aces ee egedan 10 Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1963/64 to 1966/67 11 Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Atlanta, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 ................ 12 Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Boston, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 ................. 13 Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 ................ 14 Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of the retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 ........... 15 Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Atlanta, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 20... 0.0.0 cc cc wee eee eee cea cece nsec eeseveres 16 Grapefruit, Florida white seedless: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Boston, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 .... 2... ccc teen teen eens 17 Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1963/64 16 1966/07 (5056005 2ccccdedneaemeastaerceeeraes se ects 18 Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons,1963/64 to. 1966/67 iis cic. ere eclnend Sean aes os eee oe 19 Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, and U.S. average, 1963 0 VIG 7. vx oe, tix aseredradefersiecee ecepahaus Balagss oe uacsiess ames oper cane eee enn 20 Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Prices, value, and spreads per lug and spreads and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 ... 21 Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Prices, value, and spreads per lug and spreads and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Detroit, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967.... 22 Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Prices, value, and spreads per lug and _ spreads and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and ‘seashns, 1962 40 1967 <<.¢iactemscestccedcs ae tema ee ee 23 Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Prices, value, and spreads per lug and spreads and growers and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 24 Lemons, California: Seasonal average retail price in selected cities, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ...... 25 Lemons, California: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Atlanta, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 iv Page TABLES—Continued 26 Lemons, California; Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ......0 6.064 00sec ce teedacescnsees 27 Lemons, California: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 Sante cs «aoe ee oa 28 Lemons, California: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67............ 29 Lemons, California: Spreads per carton and asa percentage of the retail value, Atlanta, by months and SeasOns.1962/63 tO 900/67 aa. aon ere Os oe ee aS a adios Rewees Caine oGithes 30 Lemons, California: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and SOdSONe 1962/0510. 1000/0) ae la ie twa wale on Ssccl sree e adage hina e meee RAS 4%, & : 31 Lemons, California: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Los Angeles, by months afc seasons, 1962/65 101966016) 2.4. ona cetee haa Ss 6084 Set orb oo2seedu bs ead aweeusand od 32 Lemons, California: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by WOMENS Wd. Seasons, 1967/05 10 2966/67 (5d.stnire nes cor od wie a om eticdi eee hea Wve Seige dw dow erates 33 Oranges, Florida: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1962/63 to 1966/67.............. 34 Oranges, Florida: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail Value; Atlanta; by months and seasons, 1962/69 10:1966/67 <25.403s44cdsa0cedadeveeys oidetes 35 Oranges, Florida: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value; Chicago, by months:and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 2. osasacwus «bee cek Ss bdo eaw Fes 36 Oranges, Florida: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ...........00 cc cece eee eee ees 37 Oranges, Florida: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ...........0 00. cece eee ee 38 Oranges, Florida: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, Atlanta, by months and Seas@tis. 1962/65 00,1000) OF sora sete ae bane ter GO Oe o 18 EYRE we EEE RAS E RE ORES OH 39 Oranges, Florida: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and SEASONING, (G2) Ga 10 POGG) 60 ne att a). sets ahd Se ks Oka De RE RAD Wo hae a Oa ned See R Soe 40 Oranges, Florida: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by months anid seasons. 1 967/0s 10 .1900/67 4 foe ire a rae Oe wba aa daiee ne be tee ee dee tan ones ede’ 4 41 Oranges, Florida: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, Pittsburgh, by months. aud ~seasons,; 1962/63 to 1906/67 o.x% ond Sccueutns Gade iaeedd bessisesined songs 42 Oranges, California, Navel: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ...... 43 Oranges, California, Navel: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ..........0-0-cccccceceee 44 Oranges, California, Navel: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to T9GG/ 67 «ii: is Scataa-22A «ned fa ahbinee 45 Oranges, California, Navel: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to VOGG/ OT <5 caw ww tate eateries 46 Oranges, California, Navel: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ........-0-0-ccccccceeeee. 47 Oranges, California, Navel: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by monthsiand seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 3.2... 2. Se Po heh i dbo cen dddd bab Eewh hn delees 48 Oranges, California, Navel: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1962/6310 1966/67 <5 cee sawie ec vod css abba UO be Gels ive beediwnaee.. 49 Oranges, California, Navel: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ..........-0cccccceccccccceccecceccceccccces 50 Oranges, California, Navel: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 .......00.. 0c c eee ccc eceeccceeee. Page 60 61 TABLES—Continued Page 51 Oranges, California, Valencia: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1963-1967 eae 63 52 Oranges, California, Valencia: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 ...............0-000e 64 53 Oranges, California, Valencia: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 .................. 65 54 Oranges, California, Valencia: Prices and value per carton and grower ‘and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967........ 66 55 Oranges, California, Valencia: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 .............. 000000000. 67 56 Oranges, California, Valencia: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, [963 10: 19067 5 dseck oes Saved hae eae dia aie wiuieaaiGe geen ne wae ee ee oe 70 57 Oranges, California, Valencia: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Los Angeles, by months.and'seasons;' 1963: 46.1967. os cc:dcu a 2a 2uliere co duu bye eters See a eae bees Aer yal 58 Oranges, California, Valencia: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1963-10: 1967 3%. vie cd bocce sau taweaceagee eas Ceeen eee 72 59 Oranges, California, Valencia: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons; 1963 to 1967 «ic sc va sce sk dic cd ss Sate ale bd SIR Cee OE ONS Oe ee 73 FIGURES US. Commercial apple production, 1961°to. 1966) scsacesceteena aw seach ead Sad adS4ees pecan Washington Red Delicious Apple production, 1961 to 1966... ...... 0. cece cece eee eee U.S. tresh apple. consumption per person, 1961 46-1966. 0h coe ian de veb ee een a eee the eae Retail Price of Washington Red Delicious Apples, 1961/62 to 1966/67 ............0 20. eee ee ee eee Spreads for Washington Red Delicious Apples: Seasonal averages for Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City and: Seattle 5 1961/62 101 966/67 cice ni s%s.¢ 2 ftere% Sab ebland Bhs ca ew inno dams eae wae Seeds U.S. and Florida grapefruit production, 1963/64 to 1966/67 .......... ccc cc cece seneecevccuees U.S. per capita iresh prapeimuit consumption, 196310 1907 iic62 cc cadissensecadscsawens aan gies Retail price of fresh Florida grapefruit, 1963/64 to 1966/67 ....... 2... cece cee ene Spreads for Florida grapefruit: Seasonal averages for Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh, P0404 TON 0G0/ GF oo tcc eho wewshoceat 1668 ide ndedeaet dbadaseesek Sadersce-D es ae F4 ‘ 10 U.S. srape production; 1963 16 1967) wisi noes eas ee Oe eos Name eT a Sas ee edaeGe ed eka ew ees 11 Califoria raisin scrape production, not dried, 1963:10.1967) oiocsa cons ee 002s bowdnwn des aactadeds 12 US; fresh grape consumption per person, 1963 10: 1967 102. dsacnvoameccdiaies cenivesamas enaes ABWN Ke \O COND 13 Retail price of Thompson Seedless grapes, 1963 to 1967 2.0... . eee eee eee 14 Spreads for Thompson Seedless grapes: Seasonal averages for Chicago, Detroit, New York City, and Pittsbuten, 1903 10: 1967 weer ee Sade tae ba bas Ov CIN SoM ETO KONG SC oeE HERE EWS FH LS California lemon production, 1962/6310: 1966/67 «0.320. s.es coschedeees bee eee sends needa ea N6.US. fresh: lemon consumption per person, 196210 1967 5...06002 os odedensrenes deo eede4 cae aie 7 Retail price. of California lemons, 1962/63. to 1966/67 vscu.cssne% ateacseavetes danse Hhax4eR dS OS 18 Spreads for California lemons: Seasonal averages in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City, 1962/63. t6: 1966/67 .<. 2.62252 95 eer eee ee eee ee ee : 19.U.S. orange production, 1962/63 to ROCCIOT o2.2t bocca uc tae nial: peaebeoles é hae amecawe i ones 4) 20 U.S. fresh orange consumption per person, 1962 to 1967... 2... . ee ee ce et eee 21 Florida orange production, 1962/63 to 1966/67 «1.1... 6. cece eee eee tee eee e ee nee een nees 22 Retail price of Florida oranges, 1962/63 to 1966/67 .....-.-- 1s. eee e cece eens 23 Spreads for Florida oranges: Seasonal averages for Atlanta, Chicago, New York City, and Pittsburgh, 1962/62 16: 1966/6) nb deca wince need See Gneeees Diets ewhR tr eee ee ee ea ek er eee 24 California navel orange production, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ........ 06. eee cece eee eee teenies 25 Retail price of California navel oranges, 1962/63 to 1966/67 ..... 16... e cece eee eee eee ees 26 Spreads for California navel oranges: Seasonal averages for Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City, and Séattle, 1962/63-1966/67. . s « 6-5-4 & 2s do me HRB we Oe De ee oO Ge eee Be § 27 Calrormia Valencia orange production; IQO3-1967 84k btw Gd & Ge 4 oe DE ae ed ee we 28 Retail price of California Valencia oranges, 1963-1967 .. 2. 6 1 1 ee ee ee es 29 Spreads for California Valencia oranges: Seasonal averages for Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City, and Seattle 196s 8007 A se Duns Bc eo Sule Secs ee Oe Fe OE wd Eee OSE Boe A SUMMARY Seasonal average prices, both retail and shipping point (grower and packer return), declined for Florida grapefruit, Florida oranges, California navel oranges and California Valencia oranges sold fresh in selected U.S. markets during the marketing seasons covered in this report. In contrast, prices increased for Thompson Seedless grapes and Washington Red Delicious apples. Prices remained practically unchanged for California lemons. The total spread between shipping point prices and retail ‘prices decreased for Florida grapefruit, Florida oranges, California Valencia oranges, and Washington Red Delicious apples; increased for Thompson Seedless grapes; and remained practically unchanged for California navel oranges and California lemons. The total spread, expressed as a percentage of the retail value, increased for Florida oranges and California navel oranges and remained essentially unchanged for the other five fruits. Conversely, the grower and packer return increased for Florida oranges and California navel oranges and remained essentially unchanged for the other fruits. For Florida oranges, both the wholesale-retail spread and shipping point-wholesale spread increased; for California navel only the wholesale-retail spread increased. oranges The wholesale-retail spread, averaged for all marketing seasons covered, ranged between 41 and 45 percent of the retail value for Washington Red Delicious apples, Florida oranges, California navel oranges, and California Valencia oranges. The grower and packer return for each of the same four fruits averaged between 41 and 44 percent. The wholesale-retail spread averaged 37 percent for Thompson Seedless grapes, 50 percent for California lemons, and 53 percent for Florida grapefruit. The average grower and packer return was 47 percent for grapes, 37 percent for lemons, and 33 percent for grapefruit. The shipping point-wholesale spread for each of the seven fruits averaged between 13 and 16 percent of the retail value. The percentage return to growers and packers was usually greatest for a fruit sold in a city nearest the production area. This was particularly true for Washington Red Delicious apples sold in Seattle, Florida oranges and grapefruit in Atlanta, and California oranges and lemons in Los Angeles. The percentage shipping point-wholesale spread was often smallest for a fruit sold in a city near the production area—possibly reflecting the smaller amount of transportation required. Vili PRICES AND SPREADS FOR APPLES, GRAPEFRUIT, GRAPES, LEMONS, AND ORANGES SOLD FRESH IN SELECTED MARKETS, 1962/63—1966/67 Alfred J. Burns and Victor G. Edman Agricultural Economists Marketing Economics Division Economic Research Service INTRODUCTION The spread between the shipping point price for a given amont of a commodity and its retail value (adjusted for waste and loss incurred in the marketing channel) is the total of charges made by marketing agencies involved in moving the commodity from the shipping point to the consumer. This total spread may be divided into component parts. The size of the total spread and its component parts is subject to change. This report presents price and spread data for selected fresh fruits for a 5-year period and shows changes in prices and spreads. Data for seven specific fresh fruit items in four markets are included. METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF DATA Fresh fruit prices are reported at three points in the marketing channel—retail; wholesale, or auction; and shipping point. Retail prices are collected by the US. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Enumerators collect prices 3 days each month from a sample of retail stores in selected cities. Prices are collected on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday of the first week of the month containing a Tuesday. Wholesale prices and some shipping point prices (f.o.b.) were obtained from published reports of the Federal-State Fruit and Vegetable Market News Service. Market news reporters collect wholesale and shipping point prices daily. Wholesale prices are collected in terminal markets from the original receivers for fruit sold in less than carload lots. Shipping point prices are collected from major shipping points for the various fruits in season. Weekly average shipping point prices for Florida oranges and grapefruit were obtained from reports of the Florida Growers Administrative Committee. These reports are based on figures compiled by Florida Citrus Mutual. Weekly average shipping point prices for California oranges were obtained from reports of the California Navel and Valencia Orange Administrative Committees, based on data compiled and published by the Federal-State Market News Service. Daily auction prices for certain fruits were obtained from reports of fruit auction companies in Chicago and New York. While auction prices and wholesale prices may not be identical, each method prices fruit at the same level in the marketing channel and they are considered comparable for this report. For this report, dates of pricing fruit items were lagged between each level of the marketing channel to approximate the time required for movement of the fruit through the channel. As retail prices were collected on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday of a specified week, wholesale or auction prices were obtained for Tuesday of the same week. Shipping point prices used are averages of the week preceding the wholesale and retail pricing week. This report presents the seasonal average retail price per pound for each fruit item sold in selected cities. Monthly and seasonal average retail value, wholesale or auction price and shipping point price per carton for a_ given size container are also shown. The retail value of a carton of a commodity is its value at retail after allowing for waste and loss incurred in the marketing process. The seasonal average price or value is an average of monthly prices or values weighted by monthly carlot unloads in the respective markets. While monthly shipping point prices for an item are the same for each city market, this method of weighting often results in the seasonal average shipping point price varying slightly for different markets. The shipping point price, which is the amount received by the grower and packer, is also shown as a percentage of the retail value. The spreads between shipping point and wholesale and between wholesale and retail are shown both in dollars and as percentages of the retail value. GLOSSARY OF TERMS Retail price—The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimate of the average price per. pound paid for a commodity of specified grade and size by customers in a sample of retail stores in a given city. Retail value—The dollar value of a specified container of a commodity of specified grade and size sold at retail after allowing for waste and loss incurred in the marketing process. The retail value equals the retail price per pound times the net weight of the container less the allowance for waste and loss. Federal-State Fruit and Vegetable - Market News estimate of the average price received for a _ specified container of a commodity of specified grade and size sold in less Wholesale _price—The than carload lots by a broad sample of first wholesale handlers in a given market. Auction price—An average price for a specified container of a commodity of specified grade and size sold through a terminal market fruit auction. Shipping point price (f.o.b.)—The Federal-State Fruit and Vegetable Market News report of the simple average of the midpoint range of daily prices for a specified container of a commodity of specified grade and size received by a- broad sample of shippers in representative shipping districts during a specified week. The shipping point price is equivalent to the grower and packer return. Wholesale-retail spread—The retail value of a specified container of a commodity less _ its wholesale or auction price. This spread is the amount received by those who perform the functions of retailing, intracity transportation, and secondary wholesaling. Shipping point-wholesale spread—The wholesale or auction price of a specified container of a commodity less its shipping point price. This spread is the amount received by the transportation agency and the primary wholesaler or auction company. Grower _and packer return—The amount received by the grower and packer for a specified container of a commodity of specified grade and size. The growing and packing functions may or may not be performed by the same individual. The grower and packer return is equivalent to and is measured by the f.o.b. shipping point price. WASHINGTON RED DELICIOUS APPLES Production Total U.S. commercial apple production fluctuated widely during the 6-year period, 1961/66. The U.S. apple crop decreased slightly in 1962, increased in both 1963 and 1964, then decreased sharply in both 1965 and 1966 (fig. 1). The 1964 crop was the largest in 25 years. During the same period, production of Red Delicious apples in Washington State did not always follow changes in U.S. production (fig. 2). The Washington Red Delicious apple crop increased sharply in both 1962 and 1963. In 1964, the total U.S. crop was the largest since 1939, but the Washington Red Delicious apple crop was somewhat smaller than in 1963 due to spring freezes and late-season cool temperatures. Conversely, when the total U.S. apple crop dropped in 1966, production of Washington Red Delicious apples increased about 25 percent. Consumption The consumption per person of fresh apples in the United States has declined steadily since the early 1900’s. Fresh apple consumption varied around 16-17 pounds per person during 1961/62 (fig. 3). Consumption fell to a record low of 15.9 pounds per person in 1966. Prices and Value Washington Red Delicious apples were priced in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City for the 1961/62 through 1966/67 marketing seasons and in Seattle for the 1963/64 through 1966/67 seasons. Prices and values are for combination fancy and extra fancy grade apples, size 138 and larger. The marketing season used extends from October through April. The seasonal average retail price of Washington Red Delicious apples in the four cities was 23.1 cents per pound for both the 1961/62 and 1962/63 marketing seasons (fig. 4 and table 1). The four-city average price dropped for the large 1963 crop, but increased in each of the following three seasons. The average price reached a high of 24.6 cents per pound for the 1966/67 season. For the 1961/62 and 1962/63 seasons Chicago had the highest seasonal average price, while for the following four seasons, the price was highest in New York City. The retail value and wholesale or auction price of a carton of Washington Red Delicious apples varied widely in different months and in different cities (tables 2, 3, 4, and 5). Seasonal average retail value and wholesale price were consistently lower in Seattle than in the other three cities. Spreads and Grower and Packer Return 6 years, the four-city seasonal During the average return to growers and packers fluctuated more than did the wholesale-retail spread or the shipping point-wholesale spread (fig. 5). Grower and packer return per carton moved from a low of $3.19 for 1963/64 to a high of $4.65 for 1965/66. The wholesale-retail spread per carton fluctuated from $3.17 to $3.86; the shipping point-wholesale spread from $1.19 to $1.77. For the entire period the four-city average return to grower and packer was 44 percent of the average retail value; the wholesale-retail spread was 40 percent and_ the shipping point-wholesale spread was 16 percent. The dollar return to grower and packer was about the same for a carton of apples sold in each city. However, when expressed as a percentage of retail value there were differences in the return from apples sold in different cities. The percentage return to grower and packer was largest for apples sold in Seattle as a result of the seasonal average retail value of a carton of apples being lower in Seattle than in the other cities. Seattle also had a smaller wholesale-retail spread for apples than any other city (tables 6, 7, 8, and 9). Table 1.—Apples, Washington Red Delicious: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1961/62 to 1966/67 1/ Chicago 2/ 2541 24.7 Los Angeles 2/ 22.4 22.5 New York 2/ 23.6 23.0 Seattle 2/ - ~ 4-city average 3/ 4/23.1 4/23.1 1/ 7-month weighted average (Oct.-Apr.) 2/ BLS average city monthly prices weighted by respective city monthly unloads. 3/ Average city seasonal price weighted by respective city seasonal unloads. 4/ Does not include Seattle. 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Cents per pound 20.6 220 19.7 233 20.1 22.4 24.0 24.4 21.1 24.9 25.8 26.5 17.8 19.0 21.0 20.7 20.3 22.) i Be 24.6 Table 2._Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Retail value 2/: 1961/62 10.08 9.44 10.08 10.08 10.04 10.20 10.65 10.14 1962/63 9.20 9.96 9.64 12.06 10.04 9.11 9.68 9.98 1963/64 10.16 7.79 7.66 8.63 8.06 8.14 8.23 8.30 1964/65 8.14 8.23 9.07 8.71 8.63 8.95 9.68 8.86 1965/66 8.67 8.23 7.30 7.58 7.54 7.42 9.20 7.94 1966/67 9.96 9.07 8.87 9.72 9.00 9.44 9.75 9.38 Auction price: 1961/62 5.99 5.73 5.69 5.49 4.83 5.94 5.98 367/ 1962/63 5.84 5.55 5.53 5.39 4.99 4.93 4.86 3.2) 1963/64 4.07 4.00 3.86 3:93 3.50 4.33 4.90 4.00 1964/65 5.35 4.77 5.19 Ded 4.97 4.73 5.06 5:02 1965/66 5.90 6.00 6.00 6.05 6.27 5.85 6.33 6.06 1966/67 6.34 5.74 5.15 5.98 oeL7 5.11 4.85 5.47 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1961/62 4.62 4.60 4.35 4.25 4.18 4.18 4.62 4.39 1962/63 4.82 3.92 3.86 3.90 3.00 3.98 4.00 3.89 1963/64 3.38 2.90 2.70 3:29 3.20 3:56 4.40 B31 1964/65 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 3.88 3.95 4.00 4.09 1965/66 5.00 4.75 4.70 4.66 4.38 4.50 4.58 4.62 1966/67 5.00 4.25 4.25 4.38 4.35 4.38 4.60 4.46 Grower and packer share of Percent retail value: 1961/62 46 49 43 42 42 41 43 43 1962/63 52 40 40 32 30 44 41 39 1963/64 33 37 35 38 40 44 54 40 1964/65 2 52 47 49 45 44 4] 46 1965/66 58 58 64 62 58 61 50 58 1966/67 50 47 48 45 48 46 47 47 _1/ Combination fancy and extra fancy, size 138 and larger, 42 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable apples (4 percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). Table 3.—Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 1/ Season Item Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1961/62 8.39 8.19 8.83 8.91 9.11 9.31 10.20 9.03 1962/63 8.34 8.30 8.75 9.20 9.68 9.40 9.44 9.09 1963/64 8.23 8.23 7.82 7.99 7.99 8.23 9.44 8.12 1964/65 9.31 8.03 8.59 9.15 9.20 9.31 9.60 9.04 1965/66 9.03 9.31 9.88 9.83 9.75 9.92 10.04 9.68 1966/67 9.88 9.64 9.68 9.92 10.08 9.72 10.20 9.86 Wholesale price: 1961/62 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.00 6.15 6.15 6.65 6.23 1962/63 BES: 5.08 5.82 5.50 5.25 5.65 5.65 5.52 1963/64 4.88 4.25 4.50 4.50 4.15 4.40 5.85 4.49 1964/65 5.38 5.25 5.63 5.50 5.50 5.25 5.25 5.39 1965/66 5.75 5.88 5.88 5.38 5.38 5.38 5.38 5.58 1966/67 6.25 5.25 5.38 5.75 5.38 5.63 5.65 5.62 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1961/62 4.62 4.60 4.35 4.25 4.18 4.18 4.62 4.37 1962/63 4.82 3.92 3.86 3.90 3.00 3.98 4.00 3.85 1963/64 3.38 2.90 2.70 3.25 3.20 3.56 4.40 3.19 1964/65 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 3.88 3.95 4.00 4.11 1965/66 5.00 4.75 4.70 4.66 4.38 4.50 4.58 4.66 1966/67 5.00 4.25 4.25 4.38 4.35 4.38 4.60 4.46 Grower and packer share Percent of retail value: 1961/62 55 56 49 48 46 45 45 48 1962/63 58 47 44 43 31 42 42 42 1963/64 41 35 35 4] 40 43 47 39 1964/65 46 53 50 46 42 42 42 46 1965/66 56 51 48 48 45 45 46 48 1966/67 50 44 44 44 43 45 45 45 1/ Combination fancy and extra fancy, size 138 and larger, 42 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable apples (4 percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). Table 4.—Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1961/62 8.83 9.07 8.75 9.27 9.68 9.64 10.52 9.50 1962/63 129 8.59 8.91 9.60 9.03 9.68 9.64 9.26 1963/64 9:07 8.27 8.10 8.10 8.34 8.43 9.40 8.51 1964/65 10.28 9.88 8.60 10.00 10.36 10.00 10.20 10.03 1965/66 9.96 9.88 10.08 10.08 10.04 10.65 11.65 10.39 1966/67 11.73 10.32 10.24 10.48 10.56 10.41 10.96 10.67 Auction price: 1961/62 6.23 6.42 6.25 6.00 6.11 3209 6.70 6.21 1962/63 5.35 3523 32 5:16 a2 5.41 O12 5.48 1963/64 5.31 5.41 4.00 4.29 4.50 4.48 S32 4.71 1964/65 5.07 4.80 522 5.30 5.43 5.79 4.88 yeas 1965/66 252 5.90 5.67 6.28 5.03 6.81 7.00 6.25 1966/67 6.89 6.60 7.40 6.70 8.33 Loo 6.68 Hels Shipping point price (.05,): 1961/62 4.62 4.60 4.35 4.25 4.18 4.18 4.62 4.37 1962/63 4.82 3.92 3.86 3.90 3.00 3.98 4.00 3.85 1963/64 3.38 2.90 2.70 Ses. 3.20 3.56 4.40 3.36 1964/65 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 3.88 3.95 4.00 4.10 1965/66 5.00 4.75 4.70 4.66 4.38 4.50 4.58 4.62 1966/67 5.00 4.25 4.25 4.38 4.35 4.38 4.60 4.46 Grower and packer share of retail value: Percent 1961/62 a2 51 50 46 43 43 44 46 1962/63 60 46 43 41 33 41 41 41 1963/64 37 35 33 40 38 42 47 39 1964/65 41 43 44 43 37 40 39 41 1965/66 50 48 46 46 44 42 39 44 1966/67 43 41 41 42 41 42 42 42 1/ Combination fancy and extra fancy, size 138 and larger, 42 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable apples (4 percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). Table 5.—Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 1/ Season Item Oct. Nov. Dec: Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1961/62 - — = _ = — ~ - 1962/63 — co = = - — - — 1963/64 7.46 6.89 713 7.09 6.65 7:22 7.66 7.18 1964/65 6.41 7.22 7.46 8.10 8.83 8.30 7.99 7.68 1965/66 8.54 8.03 8.03 8.30 8.43 8.67 9.44 8.46 1966/67 8.79 7.90 7.86 7.90 8.23 8.59 9.07 8.35 Wholesale price: 1961/62 —- - — - — ~ — ~ 1962/63 — - — — — - = ~ 1963/64 4.75 4.50 4.50 4.25 4.25 5.00 aS 4.64 1964/65 5:25 325 5:35 a5 pe 4.95 5.70 5.30 1965/66 0:25 6.00 5.80 5.85 5.80 Ey fs 6.50 5.99 1966/67 6.45 5.50 5.50 5.00 5.15 6.00 5.50 5.65 Shipping point price (:0.0..)? 1961/62 — = - - - - - - 1962/63 ~ - _ - - — - — 1963/64 3.38 2.90 2.70 ws) 3.20 356 4.40 ol 1964/65 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 3.88 3.95 4.00 4.12 1965/66 5.00 4.75 4.70 4.66 4.38 4.50 4.58 4.68 1966/67 5.00 4.25 4.25 4.38 4.35 4.38 4.60 4.49 Grower and packer share “Ofretail value: Percent 1961/62 _ - - - — — ~ - 1962/63 - - ~ - — _ — — 1963/64 45 42 38 46 48 49 58 46 1964/65 66 59 57 52 44 48 50 54 1965/66 58 59 58 56 a2 52 49 53 1966/67 57 54 54 55 53 | | 54 1/ Combination fancy and extra fancy, size 138 and larger, 42 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable apples (4-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). WASHINGTON RED DELICIOUS APPLE PRODUCTION U. S. COMMERCIAL APPLE PRODUCTION MIL. LB. Figure | Figure 2 RETAIL PRICE OF WASHINGTON RED DELICIOUS APPLES * ¢ PER LB. U. S. FRESH APPLE CONSUMPTION PER PERSON POUNDS 20 1961/62 62/63 63/64 64/65 65/66 66/67 SEASONAL AVERAGE PRICE IN CHICAGO, LOS ANGLES, NEW YORK, AND SEATTLE. Figure 3 Figure 4 ¢ aInsLy “WadV-YAGOLIO “NOSVAS ‘ATLLVAS AGNTINI LON SI0d6 ‘YADAV T GNV BEL AZIS ‘ADNVA VYLXF GNV AINVA NOILVNIGWOD ‘NOLYVD GNNOd-ZP Y3d SUVT10€ x 29/99 99/59 S9/¥9 ¥9/€9 £9/29 29/19 £9/99 99/5959/¥9 ¥9/£9 £9/29 29/19 49/99 99/5959/¥9 9/£9 £9/29 29/1961 re) e) e) ie) fe) ix ROO OO Weotete| Re ole ere te ofe e ervaterte se Serr her eset oce ° Ph be be eed SNUNLIA avadds Gvdidds YIAIVd GNV YIMOUD FIVSITIOHM-LNIOd ONIddIHS VLIY-ITIVSITOHM xSuv11oa| 8/4409 puod ‘Aji YIOX MAN ‘Sajabuy soy] ‘oBp>d1y> 404 saBbosaay joOucspas SIlddV SNOIDITIG G3Y NOLONIHSVM YOd SavaIdds Table 6.—Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads average Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1961/62 4.09 S211 4.39 4.59 aed 4.26 4.67 4.47 1962/63 3.36 441 4.11 O71 5.05 4.18 4.82 4.73 1963/64 6.09 3.19 3.80 5.10 4.56 3.81 3:33 4.30 1964/65 Og 3.46 3.88 3.44 3.66 4.22 4.62 3.84 1965/66 2d 223 1.30 LSS 1.27 ey 2.87 1.88 1966/67 3.62 3.33 i By 3.74 3.83 4.33 4.90 391 Shipping point-wholesale: 1961/62 bot 1.13 1.34 1.24 65 1.76 136 1.28 1962/63 L302 1.63 167 1.45 192 BEDS 86 1.36 1963/64 69 1.10 1.16 .28 30 ee 50 69 1964/65 1.10 OZ 94 1.02 1.09 78 1.06 93 1965/66 90 125 1.30 1.39 1.89 135 TES 1.44 1966/67 1.34 1.49 90 1.60 82 iy fe ros) 1.01 Wholesale-retail as Percent percentage of retail value: 1961/62 40 39 44 46 52 42 44 44 1962/63 2 | 44 43 56 50 46 50 47 1963/64 60 49 50 og 56 47 40 22 1964/65 34 42 43 39 42 47 48 43 1965/66 32 oy | 18 20 17 21 31 24 1966/67 36 37 42 39 43 46 50 — 42 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1961/62 14 IZ 13 12 6 iy 13 13 1962/63 11 16 17 12 20 10 ) 14 1963/64 I 14 is | 4 9 6 8 1964/65 14 6 10 12 13 9 11 11 1965/66 10 |B 18 18 25 18 19 18 1966/67 1/ Combination fancy and extra fancy, size 138 and larger, 42 pounds net weight per carton. 10 Table 7.—Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons. 1961/62 to 1966/67 _1/ Season Spreads average Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1961/62 2.14 1.94 2.58 2.91 2.96 3.16 355 2.80 1962/63 2.59 3322 2.93 3.10 4.43 3.45 3.79 357 1963/64 339 3.98 3.32 3.49 3.84 3.83 3.59 3.63 1964/65 3.93 Zi 2.96 3.65 3.70 4.06 4.35 3.65 1965/66 3.28 3.43 4.00 4.45 4.37 4.54 4.66 4.10 Shipping point-wholesale: 1961/62 163 1.65 1.90 ES 1.97 1.97 2,03 1.86 1962/63 93 ALG 1.96 1.60 22) 1.67 1.65 1.67 1963/64 1.50 1.35 1.80 Ls 95 84 1.45 1.30 1964/65 113 1.00 1.38 1.25 1.62 1.30 125 1.28 1965/66 | tS 1.13 1.18 Mp: 1.00 88 .80 AS 1966/67 L125 1.00 1.13 137 1.03 1.25 1.05 1.16 Wholesale-retail as | percentage of retail | Percent value: 1961/62 26 24 29 33 32 34 35 31 1962/63 31 39 34 40 46 40 40 39 1963/64 41 48 42 44 48 47 38 45 1964/65 42 35 34 40 40 44 45 40 1965/66 36 37 40 45 45 46 46 42 1966/67 37 46 44 42 47 42 45 43 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1961/62 19 20 22 19 22 21 20 21 1962/63 1 14 22 17 23 18 18 19 1963/64 18 17 23 15 IZ 10 15 16 1964/65 12 12 16 14 18 14 13 14 1965/66 1966/67 1/ Combination fancy and extra fancy, size 138 and larger, 42 pounds net weight per carton. 11 Table 8.—Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1961/62 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads average Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1961/62 2.60 2:69 2.50 Dial Bao 375 3.82 Bao 1962/63 2.64 3:36 359 4.44 311 4.27 3.52 3.78 1963/64 3.16 2.86 4.10 3.81 3.84 395 4.08 3.80 1964/65 Sel 5.08 4.08 4.70 4.93 4.21 S32 4.76 1965/66 4.03 3.98 441 3.80 4.21 3.84 4.65 4.14 1966/67 4.84 ee 2.84 3.78 2.23 2.88 4.28 Sio2 Shipping point-wholesale: 1961/62 1.61 1.82 1.90 Vg5 | ee a 2.08 1.84 1962/63 ao BS 3 1.46 1.26 232 1.43 2A 1.63 1963/64 1.93 2.01 1.30 1.04 1.30 92 92 135 1964/65 82 2 tay 1.05 135 1.84 88 i 1965/66 .93 1,15 97 1.62 1.45 2.31 2.42 1.63 1966/67 1.89 2.39 Em bs 2.32 3.98 ERs) 2.08 2.69 Wholesale-retail as Percent percentage of retail value: 1961/62 30 29 28 35 3] a9 36 35 1962/63 33 39 40 46 4] 44 3] 41 1963/64 42 35 51 47 46 47 43 45 1964/65 51 51 43 47 48 42 a2 47 1965/66 4] 40 44 38 42 36 40 40 1966/67 41 36 28 36 21 28 39 33 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1961/62 18 20 Ze 19 20 18 20 19 1962/63 7 LS 17 13 26 1S 22 18 1963/64 PA 30 16 I3 16 11 10 16 1964/65 8 6 13 10 15 18 ) 12 1965/66 2 12 10 16 14 22 21 16 1966/67 16 23 Sl Z2 38 30 19 25 1/ Combination fancy and extra fancy, size 138 and larger, 42 pounds net weight per carton. 12 Table 9.—Apples, Washington, Red Delicious: of the retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons 1961/62 to 1966/67 1/ _ = . = . Spreads Wholesale-retail: 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale: 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Wholesale-retail as percentage of retail value: 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1/ Combination fancy and extra fancy, size 138 and larger, 42 pounds net weight. Oct. 18 16 15 16 2 14 16 16 2 15 14 16 13 Spreads per carton and as a percentage Dollars 1 62 Percent 16 17 Ly 10 Season average FLORIDA GRAPEFRUIT Production and Consumption About 80 percent of all U.S. grapefruit was produced in Florida during 1963/64 through 1966/67 (fig. 6). Total grapefruit production increased steadily during the period—from 1,377,000 tons in 1963/64 to 2,294,000 tons in 1966/67. Florida’s production moved upward in a similar manner. U.S. consumption of grapefruit per person increased from 6.4 pounds in 1963 to 9.0 pounds in 1967 (fig. 7). Prices and Value In Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh, prices were obtained for the 1963/64 through 1966/67 marketing seasons (November through April) for U.S. No. 1, size 80 grapefruit. Shipping point and wholesale prices are for white seedless grapefruit from Florida’s _ interior Retail prices were not for a designated production area. However, in Atlanta, Boston, and Pittsburgh, Florida grapefruit represented almost 100 percent of all grapefruit sold during the period under study. In Chicago, Florida grapefruit represented 85 to 90 percent of all grapefruit sold. During the 4 years, 60 to 75 percent of Florida’s grapefruit was produced in the interior section. Since BLS collects the retail price of grapefruit selling in greatest volume in each store, retail prices presented are considered to be for grapefruit produced in Florida’s interior. The seasonal average retail price of Florida white seedless grapefruit in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh dropped each season during 1963/64 through 1966/67 (fig. 8 and table 10.) Retail price declined in each of the cities. 14 The seasonal average retail value and wholesale price of an 85-pound box of Florida grapefruit also dropped in each city during the four seasons (tables 11, 12, 13, and 14). The shipping point price dropped by slightly over $1 per carton for Florida grapefruit sold in each city. The wholesale price per box declined by slightly over $1 in Atlanta, $1.30 in Chicago, $1.56 in Boston, and $1.78 in Pittsburgh. The retail value per carton declined by $1.88 in Chicago, $2.35 in Pittsburgh, $2.55 in Boston and $2.76 in Atlanta. Seasonal average retail value and wholesale price were usually highest in Boston and lowest in Atlanta. Spreads and Grower and Packer Returns The seasonal average wholesale-retail spread, shipping point-wholesale spread and return to grower and packer for Florida grapefruit sold in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh all declined during the period (fig. 9). Between 1963/64 and 1966/67, the wholesale-retail spread per 85-pound box dropped from $6.03 to $5.22, the shipping point-wholesale spread from $1.51 to $1.21, and grower and packer return from $4.06 to $2.99. The wholesale-retail spread represented slightly over half of the retail value in each season. The shipping point-wholesale spread remained at about 14 percent of the retail value and the grower and_ packer return was about 33 percent. The wholesale-retail spread and the shipping point-wholesale spread for Florida grapefruit were largest in Boston and smallest in Atlanta (tables 15, 16, 17, and 18). However, grower and_ packer returns expressed as a percentage of retail value were greatest for grapefruit sold in Atlanta and lowest for grapefruit sold in Boston. Table 10.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Cents per pound Atlanta 2/ 120 - 9.1 8.6 Boston 2/3) 15.4 15.3 13.6 12.4 Chicago 2/ 3/ 4/ 14.0 11.6 i 11.8 Pittsburgh 2/ ee ree 13 4-city average 5/ 14.1 12.8 | L113 1/ 6-month weighted average (Nov.-Apr.). 2/ BLS average city monthly prices weighted by respective city monthly unloads. 3/ May include some pink-fleshed grapefruit. 4/ May include small quantity of Texas or California grapefruit. 5/ Average city seasonal price weighted by respective city seasonal unloads. 15 Table 11.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Atlanta, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ Dec. Feb. Mar. Season average Apr. Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1963/64 9.16 9.54 9.70 9.78 10.40 10.86 9.85 1964/65 - = - — - ~ = 1965/66 8.38 753 6.29 8.07 7.53 7.60 TS5 1966/67 7.29 6.98 7.37 129 6.91 6.75 7.09 ‘Wholesale price: 1963/64 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.70 5.00 5.50 4.80 1964/65 — — — a — = 1965/66 4.00 3.90 4.00 4.60 4.70 4.50 4.28 1966/67 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.76 Shipping point price (f.o.b.): 1963/64 3.80 4.00 4.05 4.05 4.20 4.25 4.05 1964/65 _ = _ = = = = 1965/66 3.35 3.35 3.40 3.70 3.50 3.50 3.46 1966/67 3.25 3.15 3.15 2.90 2.95 2.60 2.99 Grower and packer share of Percent retail value: 1963/64 41 42 42 41 40 39 41 1964/65 = = — ee = = = 1965/66 40 45 54 46 46 46 46 1966/67 1/ U.S. No. 1, size 80, 85 pounds net weight per box. Origin: Florida interior. _2/ Returns to retailer for salable grape- fruit (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process): -May include some seeded grapefruit. Table 12.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Boston, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1963/64 12.03 11.41 11.48 12.88 12.88 15.52 12.76 1964/65 14.43 13.19 12.57 12.57 12.57 11.48 12.68 1965/66 10.40 10.71 10.55 120 11.87 10.79 TiS 1966/67 12.03 9.54 9.86 9.86 10.01 10.01 10.21 Wholesale price: 1963/64 5.00 5.00 6.00 5.40 5.70 3/6.50 5.65 1964/65 3/6.00 3/5.50 4.50 5.40 5.00 4.50 5.10 1965/66 3.75 4.00 4.90 6.00 5.26 3/6.24 5.13 1966/67 3.90 4.00 3/5.40 4.50 4.00 3.00 4.09 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1963/64 3.80 4.00 4.05 4.05 4.20 4.25 4.08 1964/65 3.70 3.95 3.25 3.25 2.80 2.85 3.19 1965/66 3.35 3.35 3.40 3.70 3.50 3.50 3.48 1966/67 3.25 3:15 3.15 2.90 2.95 2.60 2.98 Grower and packer share of Percent retail value: 1963/64 32 35 35 31 32 PH 32 1964/65 26 30 26 26 22 25 25 1965/66 32 31 32 31 29 33 31 1966/67 30 1/ U.S. No. 1, size 80, 85 pounds net weight per box. Origin: Florida interior unless specified otherwise. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable grapefruit (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). May include some pink- fleshed or seeded grapefruit. 3/ Origin: Florida Indiana River. 16 Table 13.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ Season De ee Bae fee Mats Ae | average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1963/64 11.02 10.79 11.25 11.25 11.87 12.57 11.56 1964/65 10.32 9.47 9.23 9.93 9.31 9.70 9.55 1965/66 9.78 9.93 9.70 12.03 10.63 10.32 10.33 1966/67 9.47 8.30 10.32 10.40 9.93 9.47 9.68 e: a E -_ 5.75 5.50 5.25 $75 5.40 6.00 5.58 1964/65 7.00 4.50 4.50 4.75 4.50 4.25 4.63 1965/66 4.25 4.75 4.25 5.75 4.90 4.00 4.64 1966/67 4.80 4.35 4.00 4.25 4.25 4.00 4.28 ippi i rice (f.0.b.): a die . 3.80 4.00 4.05 4.05 4.20 4.25 4.09 1964/65 3.70 3.95 3.25 3.25 2.80 2.85 3.11 1965/66 3:35 3.35 3.40 3.70 3.50 3.50 3.45 1966/67 3.25 3.15 3.15 2.90 2.95 2.60 2.99 Grower and packer share of Percent retail value: 1963/64 34 37 36 36 35 34 35 1964/65 36 42 35 33 30 29 32 1965/66 34 34 35 31 33 34 33 1966/67 34 38 31 28 30 27 31 1/U.S. No. 1, size 80, 85 pounds net weight per box. Origin: Florida Interior. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable grapefruit (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). May include some pink-fleshed or seeded grapefruit, or small quantity of California or Texas grapefruit. Table 14.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Retail value 2/: Dollars 1963/64 10.63 10.79 10.86 11.33 11.25 11.17 11.01 1964/65 9.86 9.31 8.92 8.77 8.23 8.30 8.85 1965/66 8.22 8.92 8.92 9.70 9.62 10.01 9.27 1966/67 9.70 8.85 8.69 8.54 8.54 792 8.66 Wholesale price: 1963/64 5.74 5.34 5.34 5.50 6.00 6.50 5.71 1964/65 4.30 5.00 4.50 4.50 4.00 4.74 4.47 1965/66 4.50 4.50 4.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.04 1966/67 4.24 4.00 4.24 3.64 4.00 3.50 3.93 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1963/64 3.80 4.00 4.05 4.05 4.20 4.25 4.06 1964/65 3.70 3.95 3:25 3.20 2.80 2.85 3.26 1965/66 3.39 3.35 3.40 3.70 3.50 3.50 3.47 1966/67 3.25 3.15 3.15 2.90 2.9% 2.60 2.98 Grower and packer share of , Percent retail value: 1963/64 36 37 37 36 37 38 37 1964/65 38 42 36 37 34 34 37 1965/66 41 38 38 38 36 35 37 1966/67 34 35 36 34 33 33 34 1/ U.S. No. 1, size 80, 85 pounds net weight per box. Origin: Florida interior. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable grapefruit (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). May include some seeded grapefruit. 17 19/99 8 oInsL7 L dans 9 oinsLy “HOYNGSLLId GNV ‘OD VIIHD ‘NOLSOP ‘VLINVILV NI FIINd FDVAAAV TVNOSVAS & 99/59 $9/¥9 ¥9/€96I 99/59 S9/b9 »+9/€961 ll 01 ‘a1 dd ) SGNNOd a SNOL “TIW x LIMNdIdVUS Valor NOILGWANSNOD LINYIIdVAS NOILINGOUd HS3Yd 40 91d WVLIY HS3ad VLIdV) Yad “S'N LINNIIdVYD VCO] GNV “S'N 18 6 OMSL ‘Waddv - YAGWAAON “NOSVIS “VINVILVY AGNTINI LON SA0d6 ‘08 AZIS ‘lL ‘ON ‘S'N ‘*XO GNNOd-S8 Yad SUV T7100 » 19/99 99/69 9/99 79/€9 19/99 99/59 9/09 79/£9 £9/99 99/59 9/¥9 79/£96l 5 SOO 5 oS x5 O55 2 eS ene oS Oe oS Cy avdadds JIVSIIOHM-LNIOd ONiddlHS SNUNLIY avidds YINIVd GNV YIMOUD WV LIa-IIVSIIOHM 00°9 xsuv11oag yBingsyjig pud ‘oBpdiy> ‘uojysog ‘Dyundj{Vy 4JOf SaBDIaAW ;OUOSDAS LINAIIdVUD VGINOII BOI SCVINdS 19 Table 15.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, Atlanta, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads average Wholesale-retail: 1963/64 4.66 4.94 5.00 5.08 5.40 5.36 5.05 1964/65 — as = = = ee a 1965/66 4.38 3.63 229 3.47 2.83 3.10 3.27, 1966/67 3.49 3.18 3:57 3.49 3.1] 3:15 31.33 Shipping point-wholesale: 1963/64 70 .60 65 .65 80 1.25 Pa fs} 1964/65 - — — _ — ~ — 1965/66 .65 oS .60 90 1.20 1.00 82 1966/67 ie) 65 .65 90 95 1.00 TT Wholesale-retail as percentage en of retail value: 1963/64 51 52 52 52 52 49 51 1964/65 = — = = as -_ a 1965/66 52 48 36 43 38 41 43 1966/67 48 46 48 48 45 47 47 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1963/64 8 6 6 7 8 12 8 1964/65 — -- - — — = = 1965/66 8 7 10 11 16 13 11 1966/67 8 9 9 12 14 15 11 1/ U.S. No. 1, size 80, 85 pounds net weight per box. Table 16.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, Boston, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Season average Spreads Dollars Wholesale-retail : 1963/64 641 5.48 748 7.18 9.02 FAN 1964/65 7.69 8.07 TAT 7.57 6.98 7.58 1965/66 6.71 5.65 6.11 6.61 4.55 6.02 1966/67 5.54 4.46 5.36 6.01 7.01 6.12 Shipping point-wholesale: 1963/64 1.20 1.00 1.95 1.35 1.50 225 LS7 1964/65 2.30 1.55 1325 2.15 2.20 1.65 1.9] 1965/66 40 65 1.50 2.30 1.76 2.74 1.65 1966/67 65 85 2.25 1.60 1.05 40 11) Wholesale-retail as percentage Percent of retail value: 1963/64 58 56 48 58 56 58 56 1964/65 58 58 64 57 60 61 60 1965/66 64 63 54 50 56 42 54 1966/67 68 58 45 54 60 70 60 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1963/64 10 9 17 11 12 1 12 1964/65 16 12 10 17 18 14 15 1965/66 4 6 14 19 15 25 15 1966/67 5 9 23 16 10 4 11 1/ U.S. No. 1, size 80, 85 pounds net weight per box. 20 Table 17.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads average Dollars Wholesale-retail : 1963/64 5.27 5.29 6.00 5.50 6.47 6.57 5.98 1964/65 3.32 4.97 4.73 5.18 4.81 5.45 4.92 1965/66 5.53 5.18 5.45 6.28 S13 6.32 5.69 1966/67 4.67 3:95 6.32 6.15 5.68 5.47 5.40 Shipping point-wholesale: 1963/64 1.95 1.50 1.20 1.70 1.20 1.75 1.49 1964/65 3.30 Bh) 1.25 1.50 1.70 1.40 152 1965/66 90 1.40 85 2.05 1.40 50 LL9 1966/67 7 1.55 1.20 85 1.35 1.30 1.40 1.29 Wholesale-retail as percentage Percent of retail value: 1963/64 48 49 53 49 55 52 52 1964/65 32 52 | 52 52 56 52 1965/66 57 52 56 52 54 61 55 1966/67 49 48 61 59 57 58 56 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1963/64 18 14 11 15 10 14 13 1964/65 32 6 14 15 18 15 16 1965/66 9 14 9 17 13 > 12 1966/67 7 14 8 13 13 15 13 Aj U.S. No. 1, size 80, 85 pounds net weight per box. Table 18.—Grapefruit, Florida, white seedless: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons, 1963/64 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads average Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1963/64 4.89 5.45 5.52 5.83 5:25 4.67 5.30 1964/65 5.56 4.31 4.42 4.27 4.23 3.56 4.38 1965/66 3.72 4.42 4.42 4.20 4.12 4.51 4.23 1966/67 5.46 4.85 4.45 4.90 4.54 4.42 4.73 Shipping point-wholesale: 1963/64 1.94 1.34 1.29 1.45 1.80 229 1.65 1964/65 .60 1.05 1.25 1.25 1.20 1.89 1.21 1965/66 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.80 2.00 2.00: 1.57 1966/67 99 85 1.09 74 1.15 90 95 Wholesale-retail as percentage Percent of retail value: 1963/64 46 4 51 51 47 42 48 1964/65 56 47 50 49 Si 43 49 1965/66 45 50 50 43 43 45 46 1966/67 56 35 51 57 53 56 55 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1963/64 18 12 12 13 16 20 15 1964/65 6 11 14 14 15 23 14 1965/66 14 12 12 19 21 20 17 1966/67 1/ U.S. No. 1, size 80, 85 pounds net weight per box. 21 CALIFORNIA THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAPES Production and Consumption The Thompson Seedless grape, though commonly used as a table grape, is considered a raisin variety. Virtually all of California’s raisin variety grapes that are not dried are Thompson Seedless. California’s raisin grapes not dried represented from 27 to 30 percent of all grapes produced in the United States during 1963-67. Yearly changes in the quantity of California’s raisin grapes not dried were similar to changes in U.S. grape production (fig. 10 and 11). After a record large crop in 1965, grape production dropped sharply in 1966 and 1967. The U.S. grape crop in 1967 was the smallest since 1958. Consumption of fresh grapes remained relatively stable around 3.8 pounds per person in 1963-66 (fig. 12). However, consumption dropped sharply in 1967 to 3.1 pounds per person. Prices and Value California Thompson Seedless grapes were priced in Chicago, Detroit, New York City, and Pittsburgh for the 1963-1967 seasons. U.S. seasonal average retail prices are also shown for the same seasons (fig. 13; table 19). Prices and value are for U.S. No. 1 grapes. The marketing season used for Thompson Seedless grapes extends from July through October. Changes in the U.S. seasonal average retail price of Thompson Seedless grapes moved in the opposite direction of changes in annual grape production. Seasonal average retail price increased in 1964, decreased in 1965, and increased in both 1966 and 1967. The seasonal average retail price reached 35.2 cents per pound in 1967. Seasonal average prices in Chicago, Detroit, and New York City were usually greater than the U.S. average price. Seasonal average price in Pittsburgh was below the U.S. average price in each season. Shipping point price, wholesale price, and the retail value of a 27-pound lug of Thompson Seedless grapes were usually highest in July, the first month of the marketing seasons (tables 20, 21, 22, and 23). Monthly average prices and value usually declined through September and increased slightly in October. Spreads and Grower and Packer Return The seasonal average wholesale-retail spread for Thompson Seedless grapes sold in Chicago, Detroit, New York City, and Pittsburgh increased each year during 1963-67 (fig. 14). The four-city average shipping point-wholesale spread declined slightly during the period. The average grower and packer return was greatest in 1967 when average U.S. retail price was highest. Average grower-packer return was smallest in 1965 when the U‘S. retail price was at its lowest. The average grower-packer return represented between 43 and 50 percent of the retail value of Thompson Seedless grapes. Seasonal average percentage return to grower and packer was highest for grapes sold in Pittsburgh and lowest for grapes sold in New York City. For grapes sold in Pittsburgh seasonal average grower and packer return ranged from 45 to 57 percent of the retail value. Monthly grower and packer return rose even higher, exceeding 60 percent of retail value in several months. Table 19.—Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, and U.S. average, 1963-1967 1/ Chicago 2/ 29:5 3133 Detroit 2/ 32.4 33.9 New York City 2/ 33%1 34.4 Pittsburgh 2/ 27.2 28.9 US. average 3/ 292 30.8 1/ 4-month weighted average (July-October). 2/ BLS average city monthly prices weighted by respective city monthly unloads. 3/ BLS average U.S. monthly prices weighted by 41 cities’ monthly unloads. Cents per pound ne es 30.3 B67 29.8 33.3 393 31.0 3337 38.2 219 29.4 34.0 28.7 B07 35:2 CALIFORNIA RAISIN GRAPE PRODUCTION NOT DRIED U. S. GRAPE PRODUCTION a i ae 4.6 Figure 10 Figure 11 U. S. FRESH GRAPE CONSUMPTION RETAIL PRICE OF THOMPSON PER PERSON SEEDLESS GRAPES U.S. SEASONAL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICE. Figure 12 Figure 13 23 Table 20.—Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Prices, value, and spreads per lug, and spreads and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1963-67 1/ Season Season Item July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. seas) Item July | Aug.| Sept. | Oct. | average Prices and value Dollars Spreads Dollars t Retail value Qf: les 1963 9.34 8.21 5.80 6.68 7.24 | 1963 2.87 3.21 1.55 1.18 2.08 1964 10.54 8.55 5.78 7.20 7.74 | 1964 2.84 3.30 2.28 2.70 2.75 1965 9.78 7.57 6.34 6.10 7.16 | 1965 212295 222° 2:22 2:52 1966 9.06 6.59 6.85 8.15 7.43 | 1966 2.92 2.59 2.60 3.65 2.88 1967 12.24 11.26 6.22 7.34 9.02 | 1967 1.44 4.06 1.60 3.22 2.93 Wholesale price: Shipping point-wholesale: 1963 6.47 5.00 4.25 5.50 5.16 | 1963 1.31 35 1.60 1.78 1.29 1964 7.70 5.25 3.50 4.50 4.99 } 1964 137 T5562. 1.211 80 1965 7.06 4.62 4.12 3.88 4.64 | 1965 2.26 1.28 142 1.25 1.45 1966 6.14 4.00 4.25 4.50 4.55 | 1966 1.82 94 1.06 88 1.11 1967 10.80 7.20 4.62 4.12 6.09 | 1967 3.00 180 1.53 97 1.64 Shipping point price olesale-retail as Percent (f.0.b.): ) percentage of retail 1963 5.16 4.65 2.65 3.72 3.87 jvalue: 1964 6.33 4.70 2.88 3.29 4.19 | 1963 31 39 27 18 29 1965 4.80 3.34 2.70 2.63 3.19 | 1964 27.7 39:8 (39° 37 36 1966 4.32 3.06 3.19 3.62 3.44 } 1965 28 39 35 36 35 1967 7.80 5.40 3.09 3.15 4.45 | 1966 32. 39 38—Ss«4455 39 1967 12 36 26 44 33 Grower and packer share pees of retail value: Shipping point-wholesale 1963 55 57 46 56 53 | as percentage of retail 1964 60 55 50 46 54 | value: 1965 49 44 43 43 45 | 1963 14 4 27 26 18 1966 48 47 47 44 46 | 1964 13 6 11 17 10 1967 64 48 50 43 49 | 1965 23° NE. 22, 21 20 1966 20 14 #15 ~ #11 15 1967 24 16 24 = 13 18 1/ US. No. 1, 27 pounds net weight per lug. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable grapes (9-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 24 Table 21.—Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Prices, value, and spreads per lug, and spreads and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Detroit, by months and seasons, 1963-67 1/ Season July | Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | average Item July | Aug. Dollars Spreads Dollars Season Sept.} Oct. | average Prices and value Retail value 2/: Wholesale-re tail: 1963 9.48 9.06 6.52 7.72 7.95 | 1963 206. 206° 2.02° dale. 232 1964 12.68 8.82 642 7.52 8.32 ; 1964 3.33 S32: 247 232 2.73 1965 10.17 7.84 649 6.36 7.32 | 1965 2.37 346 2.49 2.74 2.80 1966 10495 7:59 759° SA0° 38.22 | 1966 3.25 3.84 3.34 2.90 3.37 1967 | 1967 3.30 3.72 4.30 3.66 3.84 12.90 11.52 8.18 7.91 9.66 Wholesale price: ‘Shipping point-wholesale: 1963 742 6.00 4.00 6.00 5.63 1963 bos 1.35 135 228 -1.78 1964 9.35 5.50 4.25 5.00 5.59 1964 1300 20 137 17I 1.58 1965 7.80 4.38 4.00 3.62 4.52) 1965 | 3.00 1.04 130 99 1.38 1966 6.90 3.75 4.25 5.50 4.86. 1966 2.58 69 106 1.88 141 1967 9.60 7.80 3.88 4.25 5.82) 1967 | 1.80 240 .79 1.10 1.49 Shipping point price :Wholesale-retail as | Percent (f.0.b.): ‘ percentage of retail 1963 5.16 4.65 2.65 3.72 3.85 | value: 1964 6.33 4.70 2.88 3.29 4.01} 1963 22 34 39 22 ~~ «29 1965 4.80 3.34 2.70 2.63 3.14: 1964 26 38 «60934 ) «= 33S 33 1966 4.32 3.06 3.19 3.62 3.45: 1965 23 44 #38 43 38 1967 7.80 5.40 3.09 3.15 4.33! 1966 32 51 44 35 = 41 | | 1967 | 26 32 52 46 40 Grower and packer share: Percent ‘Ofretail value: ‘Shipping point-wholesale 1963 54 51 40 48 49 — as percentage of retail 1964 50 53 45 44 48. value: 1965 47 43 42 41 43,: 1963 24 #15 21 30 = 22 1966 43 40 42 43 42: 1964 244«#«9 #21 23 «19 1967 60 47 38 40 45°. 1965 30.13 20 16 19 _1/ U.S. No. 1, 27 pounds net weight per lug. _2/ Returns to retailer for salable grapes (9-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 25 Table 22.—Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Prices, value, and spreads per lug, and spreads and grow r and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1963/67 1/ Prices and value Retail value 2/: 1963 10.81 1964 11.62 1965 10.49 1966 10.94 1967 12.24 Wholesale price: 1963 7.42 1964 ri 1965 8.10 1966 6.90 1967 - Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1963 5.16 1964 6.33 1965 4.80 1966 4.32 1967 7.80 Grower and packer share of retail value: 1963 48 1964 54 1965 46 1966 39 1967 64 1/ U.S. No. 1, 27 pounds net weight per lug. 9.34 9.44 7.54 Told 11.43 6.75 To 4.75 Oe 6.60 4.65 4.70 3.34 3.06 5.40 Dollars 6.24 6.85 6.83 1.69 7.10 4.25 4.00 ee 4.50 4.75 2.65 2.88 210 319 3.09 Percent 42 42 40 41 44 7.47 7.30 6.98 8.28 8.08 5.00 4.88 2.88 4.00 3.88 Sud Z S20 2.63 3.02 cA Spreads Wholesale-retail: 8.12 | 1963 8.44 | 1964 7.61 | 1965 8.28 | 1966 9.40 | 1967 Shipping point-wholesale 5.62 | 1963 6.03 | 1964 4.43 | 1965 4.41 | 1966 5.26 |. 1967 Wholesale-retail as percentage of retail 3.85 | value: 4.03} 1963 3.17| 1964 3.46 | 1965 4.42) 1966 | 1967 ' Shipping point-wholesale 47. as percentage of retail 48 value: 42) 1963 42\ 1964 47, 1965 1966 1967 Zioe 2.19 2.79 4.02 4.83 2.10 29 ] — 41 19 .20 28 23 37 55 42 Dollars 1.99 2.85 3.08 3.19 200 1.60 Be 1.05 130 1.66 Percent 32 42 45 4] 33 26 16 15 18 23 2/ Returns to retailer for salable grapes (9-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 26 2.47 2.42 4.10 4.28 4.20 1.28 152 pra) 38 3 33 33 59 52 a2 Season average 2:50 2.41 3.18 3.87 4.14 a 2.00 1.26 295 84 31 28 42 47 44 Table 23.—Grapes, California, Thompson Seedless: Prices, value, and spreads per lug. and spreads and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons, 1963-67 1/ Season Item July | Aug.| Sept. | Oct. | average Prices and value ‘Spreads Dollars Retail value 2/: Wholesale-retail: 1963 8.01 7.54 5.58 6.59 6.69 | 1963 1.41 2.79 1.58 1.84 1.90 1964 10.12 7.42. 3.92. 6.66- 7.10; 1964 2.6) ZA? 2A, ZAI 235 1965 9.68 7.15 6.29 6.04 6.86] 1965 o00° 2.7 29. 229° 2.71 1966 9.38 6.73 6.36 742° 7.22 | 1966 3.08 2.48 2.11 3.17 2.64 es: -4.0) 2.65 1,932.63 1967 11.48 10.61 7.15 6.68 8.35 | 1967 Wholesale price: Shipping point-wholesale: 1963 | 6.60 4.75 4.00 4.75 4.79} 1963 144 10 135 1.03 99 1964 ; 7.25 5.25 3.75 4.25 4.75} 1964 22° 23 “87° 296.9 BA 1965 | 6.30 4.38 3.50 3.75 4.15] 1965 1.50 1.04 .80 1.12 1.04 1966 / 6.30 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.58} 1966 P96 119 106 63° 114 1967 9.60 6.60 4.50 4.75 3.72} 1967 1.80 1.20 141 1.60 1.48 | Shipping point price | Wholesale-retail as Percent (f.0.b.): | percentage of retail 1963 | 5.16 4.65 2.65 3.72 3.80} value: 1964 | 6.33 4.70 2.88 3.29 3.91] 1963 18 37 28 28 28 1965 | 4.80 3.34 2.70 2.63 3.11] 1964 Ze - ae ot Bond 33 1966 | 4.32 3.06 3.19 3.62 3.44), 1965 35 39 44 38 40 1967 7.80 5.40 3.09 3.15 4.24} 1966 33:43) 33: 43 36 1967 16> 38 37 29 31 Grower and packer share , Percent of retail value: Shipping point-wholesale 1963 | 64 62 48 56 57| as percentage of retail 1964 i 63 63 48 49 55} value: 1965 » SO 47 43 43 45} 1963 18 1 24 16 15 1966 46 45 S50 49 48; 1964 1] BS J5)7 115 12 1967 | 43 1965 15 14 13 19 15 1966 at 18° 17 8 16 1967 1/ U.S. No. 1, 27 pounds net weight per lug. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable grapes (9-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 27 pl onsty ‘YAPGOLIO-ATNS ‘NOS VAS *L ‘ON ‘S'N ‘ONT GNNOd-LZ Yad SUV.17100 yp L9 9 O00 SO Oe 4 “ececece ° ° ° ° ° e ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° SNYNLIY Gvidds Gvdidds YAIIVd INV JIVSIIOHM Uv Laue YIMOUD SJIOHM LNIOd ONIddlHS LIvaIVSIIOHM *Suv11lod yBingsijig pud ‘Aji YIOA MAN ‘410449 ‘oBpd1y> 410; saBOsaay ;OUOSDAS SIdVU9D SSI1GITS NOSdWOHL YOd SdVINdS 28 CALIFORNIA LEMONS Production and Consumption California lemon production was 658,000 tons in 1963/64, an increase of 38 percent over the previous season’s crop (fig. 15). Production declined sharply in 1964/65 and increased in both 1965/66 and 1966/67. During the 5-year period, California accounted for 84 to 96 percent of all lemons produced in the United States. Per capita consumption of fresh lemons declined somewhat during 1962-67 (fig. 16). Consumption dropped to a record low of 2.2 pounds per person in 1967. Prices and Value California lemons were priced in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York Citv for the 1962/63 through 1966/67 marketing seasons. Prices and value are for U.S. choice lemons, size 140-160. The marketing season for lemons extends from November through October. The seasonal average retail price of fresh lemons in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City dropped from 23.5 cents per pound in the 1962/63 season to 20.2 cents per pound in 1963/64 (fig. 17 and table 24). Seasonal average retail price increased in each of the following years; again reaching 23.5 cents per pound in 1966/67. In each season, average retail prices in Chicago and New York City were higher than the four-city average price, and in Atlanta and Los Angeles were lower than the four-city price. Except for the 1963/64 season, there was only a small variation in the seasonal average retail value and the seasonal average wholesale or auction price of a carton of lemons during the five seasons in each of the four markets (tables 25, 26, 27, and 28). As an example, in New York the average retail value of a carton of 29 lemons varied by $1.52 over the 5-year period. Excluding the 1963/64 season, the variation in average retail value in New York was only 28 cents. Variation in prices and values among the four markets was larger. The seasonal average wholesale price of a 38-pound carton of lemons was consistently higher in Atlanta than the wholesale or auction prices in the other cities. However, each year the retail value of a carton of lemons was smaller in Atlanta than in Chicago or New York. Los Angeles consistently had the lowest wholesale price and retail value. Spreads and Grower and Packer Returns For the 5-year period, there was only a small variation in seasonal average spreads for lemons sold in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York (fig. 18). For a 38-pound carton of lemons, the four-city average return to grower and packer varied 77 cents over the 5-year period. The wholesale-retail spread varied by only 23 cents. For the 5 years, the wholesale-retail spread represented about half of the retail value; the shipping point-wholesale spread, 13 percent; and the grower and packer return, 37 percent. The low retail value and the high wholesale price of a carton of lemons in Atlanta resulted in a smaller wholesale-retail spread in Atlanta than in the other markets (tables 29, 30, 31, and 32). The wholesale-retail spread in Atlanta represented about one-third of the retail value. The shipping point- wholesale spread was greatest in Atlanta and smallest in Los Angeles. Although the dollar returns to growers and packers were about the same for lemons sold in each market, there were differences in the percentage returns. Growers and packers consistently received the greatest percentage of the retail value for lemons sold in Los Angeles. The lowest percentage returns to growers and packers were for lemons sold in New York City. Table 24.-Lemons, California: Seasonal average retail price in selected cities, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ City 1962/63 | 1963/64 F 1964/65 | 1965/66 1966/67 Cents perpound Atlanta 2/ 4 pe) 18.6 20.8 20.5 21.4 Chicago 2/ 24.7 24.2 23.8 Los Angeles 2/ New York City 2/ 4-city average 3/ 1/ 12-month weighted average (Nov.-Oct.). 2/ BLS average city monthly prices weighted by respective city monthly unloads. 3/ Average city seasonal prices weighted by respective city seasonal unloads. 30 LI einsiy *"MYOA MAN GNV SATAZINV SOT ‘ODVIIHD ‘VLNVILV NI FDIad FOVYFAV TWNOSVAS x L9/99 99/59 $9/¥9 ¥9/€9 £9/7961 6l ‘a1 Yad 9 4c SNOW]T VINYOIITVD 40 391%d TVLIY Q] omsty NOSYdd Wid NOILdWASNOD NOWI1] HS2ad “S “N ST omnsty 69/79 ¥9/E9 £9/296l 00€ SNOL ‘NOHL NOILINGOUd NOW] VINYOINIVI 31 Table 25.—Lemons, California: Prices and value per carton, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Atlanta, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season Item .| Mar.| Apr.| May | June| July} Aug. | Sept.] Oct. | average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1962/63 71.10. 9AS 956 959 8.31, 7.30 6:83 7.26 7.30: 7:26 7.26 °6.83 7.74 1963/64 6.97 7.18 7.08. ‘7.08 635 591 6.35 6.35 6.38 7.52 7.40 853 6.77 1964/65 8.79 8.03 8.03 7.62 7.04 8.13 7.62 7.26 850 642 740 7.26 7.59 1965/66 140. TAQ SAT 7.62 747 737 693 6.79 7.37. 762-831-4762 748 1966/67 8.17 847 847 847 8.17 7.92 7.37 7.08 748 6.89 7.70 8.94 Delt Wholesale price: 1962/63 740 7.00 7.00 6.00 5.12 5.25 545 5.08 5.12 4.50 4.62 4.25 337 1963/64 4.25 4.38 4.25 3.75 4.00 3.95 3.95 4.12 4.25 4.62 4.28 4.85 4.19 1964/65 5.50 5.75 5.50 5.00 5.00 5.12 5.25 5.38 5.00 4.82 4.62 4.00 5.08 1965/66 4.00 5.00 5.38 4.75 4.50 4.50 4.50 5.12 5.10 5.50 5.00 5.12 4.87 1966/67 4.70 5.05 -3.68 °3.38 5.004.335. 5.00: 5.12 3.50° 350° 6:00) 6.25 S225 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 3.10: 382 342350. 3.16 3A2 SAT 292 2.98 2.805271" 2.70 3.14 1963/64 242° 2.81 22>. 222° 233. 260. 2ZA4 2.10 -2.75- 261 235. 3350 2.54 1964/65 3.002.860: 2.86 2.600::2.7?. 3.10 338 338 3.29 3.10) -3,00. 2:65 3.08 1965/66 300.275 22 250: 288 288 3.12. 3.25 3.25 -325 .312, 338 3.04 1966/67 3.12 300 3:22. S.2o° 3.25) 3:2) 3.23 13.23. 93262: 302 93.10 23575 335 Grower and packer share of retail value: Percent 1962/63 48 40 36 37 38 43 Sl 40 41 #39 #37 39 40 1963/64 35 33 32 31 37 44 +38 43 #43 #35 «632 €@«|4! 38 1964/65 34. 35 36 334 4038844 47 3848 40 86 41 1965/66 40 37 33 33 37 #39 45 48 44 «+43 #37 ~ 44 4] 1966/67 38 6336 3839 40039 440 C46 48S 484 43 1/ U.S. Choice, size 140-160, 38 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable lemons (4-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 32 Table 26.—Lemons, California: Prices and value per carton, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Prices and value Retail value 2/: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Wholesale price: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Grower and packer share of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1/ US. Choice, size 140-160, 38 pounds net weight per carton. 9.34 7.88 8.83 8.25 8.79 642 i ep ae) Dace 4.19 4.27 3.10 2.42 3.00 3.00 3,12 40 Sil 34 36 36 oe f 10.21 10.58 Pe 9.04 8.68 8.68 5.50 320 4.72 4.37 4.38 S82 201 2.80 Zid 3.00 oT 30 ot 32 35 7.22 8.90 9.01 8.83 aAS 399 5.43 4.59 4.82 3.42 220 2.86 242 Ji22 32 31 32 30 a7 977 7.80 9.45 8.79 8.10 4.10 3.71 4.54 397 4.00 3.50 2.22 2.60 2.50 S220 36 pa Za 28 40 9.08 Tae 8.61 8.65 8.61 4.89 4.21 5.90 4.88 4.05 3.18 Zod 249 2.88 3.25 os) 31 32 33 38 Apr. 9.01 7.77 9.30 8.65 8.50 4.37 3.82 4.10 4.62 3.98 a 2.60 S10 2.88 Jl2 Dollars 8.94 7.62 9.63 8.35 8.50 4.04 3.36 4.99 4.37 4.06 3.47 2.44 3.38 a2 225 Percent 39 a2 35 a7 38 8.65 iD 9.23 8.61 8.68 431 3.14 4.22 4.94 4.48 252 2:10 3.38 S20 Peon 8.72 tad 8.83 9:23 8.13 4.18 4.09 4.06 eB 3.02 2.95: Zia0 Sued 3.25 3.02 8.68 7.56 8.83 9.48 9.04 3.9] Pe) 4.06 4.81 3.41 2.80 261 3.10 i BPs) 3.62 a2 34 30 34 40 May} June} July} Aug.] Sept. 8.35 7.62 8.76 8.83 9.08 3.00 3.74 4.07 4.79 6.31 or) 2.35 3.00 3.12 3.70 8.10 8.03 Sas 8.94 938 ee i 5.43 ail 4.36 4.96 2.70 3.50 2.65 3.28 cate) 33 44 32 38 2/ Returns to retailer for salable lemons (4-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 33 40 Season average 9.02 7.57 9.03 8.74 8.68 4.3] Bult 4.57 4.63 4.27 3.14 Py | 3.07 3.04 3.36 Table 27.-Lemons, California: Prices and value per carton, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Prices and value Retail value 2/: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Wholesale price: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Grower and packer share of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1/ U.S. Choice, size 140-160, 38 pounds net weight per carton. 8.35 7.08 7.08 6.97 7.70 4.25 Dude 3.20 3.25 3.38 a0) 2.42 3.00 3.00 3.12 44 34 42 43 41 8.68 Uke 6.85 7Ad 7.56 4.25 249 3.12 3.38 C92) 3.02 Pe | 2.80 215 3.00 44 33 41 39 40 8.65 6.89 133 6.97 TAS 3.88 2.62 Dido 3.12 3.50 3.42 220 2.86 Zula Size 40 32 39 39 45 a2 2.60 3:10 2.88 3.12 3.47 2.44 3.38 3.12 B20 Percent 39 36 44 40 45 47 35 48 44 47 June} July} Aug.} Sept. 7.26 6.79 7A1 6.89 6.89 3.50 S12 3.88 3.15 3.62 2o2 2:10 3.38 3325 25 40 40 48 47 47 7.11 5.80 6.97 T22 6.49 3.92 325 5.0 3.5 4.25 2.98 Zed S 3.25 S20 3.62 42 47 47 45 56 7.26 5.94 6.97 7.39 6.75 3.38 3.05 3.62 3.38 4.25 2.80 2.61 3:10 S425 3.62 39 44 45 43 54 TAD 6.35 6.38 6.64 7.80 ee) 3.05 3.50 3.38 5.63 pag | Zao 3.00 SAZ a0 38 ey | 47 47 47 6.97 7.26 6.79 7.62 8.47 3.12 3.88 S52 3.62 S275 2.70 3.50 2.65 3.38 Pe he 39 48 39 44 44 2/ Returns to retailer for salable lemons (4-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 34 Season average 7.68 6.69 695 109 opel 3.76 2.98 3.47 3.30 4.14 Je i) 2.96 3.02 3.07 3.41 41 39 43 43 48 Table 28.—Lemons, California: Prices and value per carton, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season Item Nov. |Dec. | Jan.| Feb.) Mar.| Apr.| May | June} July noe] Sept.| Oct.| average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1962/63 9.34 9.96 10.72 9.89 8.79 843 8.31 8.25 8.76 8.50 8.13 8.06 8.87 1963/64 Tat 192 784 TIT 737 Ts2 1.22. 7.37 166 7.66. 7.70. A3 7.64 1964/65 8.61 8.98 8.83 9.34 9.12 853 9.20 8.86 8.72 8.68 7.95 8.28 8.78 1965/66 8.47 8.57 9.08 8.83 8.65 8.72 8.65 8.83 8.86 9.38 8.94 9.56 8.88 1966/67 945 9.5) 9.99 926 923 90) 9,38 S86. 9.01 8.53 890 9.52 9.16 Wholesale price: 1962/63 6.17 5.00 5.24 4.56 4.67 4.38 4.47 3.50 4.24 3.47 3.15 3.00 4.25 1963/64 2.86 3.09 4.51 3.67 3.87 3.50 3.38 344 4.16 3.52 3.94 4.70 3.74 1964/65 5.97 4.50 4.59 4.38 5.06 4.14 4.66 3.69 3.97 3.49 3.60 3.99 4.26 1965/66 4.46 3.95 447 346 3.74 4.81 4.08 5.09 4.73 4.57 3.84 4.41 4.37 1966/67 4.60 4.25 4.53 3.90 3.69 4.27 4.25 4.72 3.69 3.81 5.07 4.31 4.23 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 3.70 3:02 342° 3.50 3:18 312 3A7 292 2.98 280 271 2,70 3.16 1963/64 2A2 237 229-222) 235 260 2A4t 210° 2.75. 2.61 235 3,50 pay 1964/65 3100) 2.80 12:86 -260.°2.79 310338: 3:38 3.25: 3.10 -3.00.. 2.65 3.04 1965/66 S00 273" 2.72%250 288 288 SAi2° 3.25: 3.25. 3.25 3iZ..338 3.04 1966/67 Siz 3.00- 3,223.25 3.25. 312 °3.25 325 362 362 3.707395 3.37 Grower and packer share of retail value: Percent 1962/63 40- 38 “320 33 36. 37 42 ‘35. 34 33 33 33 36 1963/64 31 30 29 28 32 35 34 37 +36 «634 «6300642 34 1964/65 so sh 22), 28. 31 36 37. 38 37 - 36. 38: 32 35 1965/66 36 32 «30 280 33 33 36. -37 37 33- 3D 235 34 1966/67 33 30 -32 «335 .-35 35 34 37: 40 .°45 42 239 37 1/ U.S. Choice, size 140-160, 38 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable lemons (4-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 35 Table 29.-Lemons, California: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Atlanta,by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ .| Sept.| Oct.} Season Spreads | Nov. average Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 0.30 2.45 2.56 3.59 3.19 2.05 1.38 2.18 2.18 2.76 2.64 2.58 Doi, 1963/64 2.72 2.80 2.83 3.33 2.35 1.96 240° 223° 2413 2.90 3.12 3.68 2.58 1964/65 3.29 2.28 2.53 2.62 2.04 3.01 2.37 1.88 3.50 1.60 2.78 3.26 2.51 1965/66 3.40 2.40 2.79 2201. B21 287 243 1.67 227 2.12 3.31 2.50 2.61 1966/67 3.47 3.42 2.79 S00 SAT Bad 2.37 1.96 1.98 1.39 1.70 2.69 2.54 Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 340. 313° 3.58 2.50 1.94 2.13 1.98 2.16 2.14 LO viol. Ieo5 2,23 1963/64 1.83 2.01 2.00 1.53 1.65: 1.35 1.51 1.42 1.50 201) 193 1.35 1.65 1964/65 2:00 2.95. 2.64 2.40 2.21 2.02 1:87, 2,00. 1775 Li2 ASS 135 2.00 1965/66 1.00 2.25 2.66 debs 12 Ao? 1.38 1:87. 1.85 2.29 1.88 1.74 1.83 1966/67 1.58 2.05 2.46 2S: Lee 128 E73 1:87 1:38 1.88 2.30 2.50 1.88 Wholesale-retail as per- Percent centage of retail value: 1962/63 4 26 27 37 39S 28 20 30 30 38 37 38 31 1963/64 39 39) 40 47 37 33 38. 33. .33 38 42 43 38 1964/65 37. 26 31 34 29° 37 31 26 41 Zo. 38 45 a3 1965/66 46 33 34 38 42 39 ao 2a. Bl 28 40 33 35 1966/67 43 40 33 36 39 45 of: ‘28... 27 20° 22: 730 33 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 48 34 37 26 23 29 29 30 29 23 +26 -23 29 1963/64 26 28 28 22 26 23 24 22 24 21° ° 26--C16 24 1964/65 29. 37 ~— 333 32 25 ZI i. e2il 27 22 19 26 1965/66 14 30 33 29 2 22 20 27 25 29 23 23 24 1966/67 19 24 29 25 21 = 16 24 26 25 27 30 = 28 24 1/ U.S. Choice, size 140-160, 38 pounds net weight per carton. 36 Table 30.—Lemons, California: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads Nov. |Dec. | Jan.| Feb.}| Mar.| Apr.}| May} June} July} Aug. | Sept. average Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 3.22 4.71 545 5.67 4.19 4.64 -4.90 4.34 4.54 4.77 5.35 4.77 4.7] 1963/64 4.63 4.75 3.23 4.09 3.31 3.95 4.26 4.19 3.02 3.83 3.88 2.60 3.80 1964/65 3.61 4.32 3.47 4.91 2.71 5.20 4.64 5.01 4.77 4.77 4.69 4.54 4.46 1965/66 4.06 4.31 442 4.82 3.77 4.03 3.98 3.67 4.12 4.67 4.04 4.58 4.11] 1966/67 4.52 4.30 4.01 4.10 4.56 452 444 4.20 5.11 5.63 2.77 4.42 4.41 Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 242 1.68 171 ..60 1.77 125 37 1.39 120 211 29. .63 1.17 1963/64 83 63 174 149 1860 1.22 92 44 1.34 1.12 1.39 1:93 1.20 1964/65 2.22 1.92 2.57 1.94 3.11 1.00 1.61 84 .81 .96 1.07 1.16 1.50 1965/66 1.19 1.62 1.87 1.47 2.00 1.74 1.25 1.69 1.86 1.56 1.67 .98 1.59 1966/67 145° 1.38 1:60 75 80 86 81 1.23 -60 +21 2.61 1,21 91 Wholesale-retail as Percent percentage of retail value: 1962/63 34 46 52 58 46 SI 55 50 520655664 (59 52 1963/64 59 60 45 52 44 51 56 57 42 #51 51 32 50 1964/65 41 48 39 52 32 56 48 54 54 54 54 54 49 1965/66 49 50 49 55 44 47 #448 42 #45 49 46 = S51 47 1966/67 Si <49<°.45°- S51 53 53: °32 48. 63 62) 30 47 51 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 26. 17- 16 6 19 14 6 16 14 = 13 4 8 13 1963/64 10 10 24 19 25 16 12 6 19 15 18 24 16 1964/65 2 2b 29 21 36 17 9 9 Ii 12 14 17 1965/66 1S PIR. <2) iy, 23 .20. IS: 20° 20 7 9 i! 18 1966/67 13 16 «618 9 9 10 10 —= 14 -7 2 2 13 10 1/ USS. Choice, size 140-160, 38 pounds net weight per carton. 37 Table 31.—Lemons, California: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Spreads Wholesale-retail : 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Wholesale-retail as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 » 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1/ U.S. Choice, size 140-160, 38 pounds net weight per carton. Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Nov. 4.10 4.33 3.88 Supe 4.32 a) A .20 sae) .26 49 61 55 a0 56 WhRWONN~ Dec. 4.43 4.36 313 3/3 4.31 43 38 2 63 29 a1 61 54 a2 a7 WWOnan Jan. 4.77 4.27 4.08 3.85 3.65 46 oF ee 40 28 55 62 56 =) 51 5 5 5 6 4 Feb. 4.61 4.44 4.07 3.19 pent] 2 38 2 50 87 =) 63 57 56 39 Wnrnnuns 1 Mar. 4. 4. 3: So: 3: 38 09 62 41 o7 42 Oy Zo ae | sh2 or 32 64 a 57 49 MN CW NA May} June} July] Aug. Apr. Dollars A Ss 2-64, 447 4.14 3193: 3223 4.15 3.79 3.47 3.33 26+ 11.23 AS 31 08 .50 jl2 aA3 38 86.25 Percent 58 36 62 60 55 45 58 54 50 49 3 17 2 5 1 7 2 2 5 4 3.76 3.63 3.23 3.14 S21 58 42 50 50 Pew 52 54 45 46 48 anna CO 519 255 oie 3.47 2.24 94 50 50 50 63 45 44 46 48 34 3.88 2.89 3.39 4.17 2.50 58 44 2 13 63 23 49 48 ys) 37 Oonnn oo Sept. 3.84 o230 2.88 3.26 Day 64 70 50 .26 93 = 53 a2 45 49 28 Oct. 3.85 3.38 3.47 4.00 2.12 42 38 .67 .24 2.00 =) 47 Si 53 32 Season average S92 Ry 3.48 3372 297 61 40 45 30 nif) Dil 55 50 33 42 ofRN DA CO Table 32.—Lemons, California: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Spreads Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Wholesale-retail as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1/ US. Choice, size 140-160, 38 pounds net weight per carton. New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Nov. 34 63 31 47 of 26 6 34 17 16 50 61 50 54 57 pe 9 19 14 13 a1 42 48 Sd 55 17 29 20 19 13 Feb. 5.39 4.10 4.96 D7 5.36 1.06 1.45 1.78 96 65 54 33 53 61 58 1] 19 19 a: 7 Mar. 4.12 3.00 4.06 4.91 5.54 1.49 15 237 86 44 47 47 44 57 60 LT 21 Zn 10 5 39 Apr. | May hn a Aug.| Sept. | Oct. Dollars 4.05 3.84 4.02 3.84 4.39 4.54 3.91 4.57 4.74 5.13 1.26 1.00 90 = .94 1.04 1.28 1.93 .96 1.15 1.00 Percent 48 46 53 53 52 49 45 53 52 55 15 12 12 13 12 14 22 11 13 11 4.75 3.93 > L7 3.74 4.14 58 74 mI 1.84 1.47 58 a 58 42 47 4.52 3.50 4.75 4.13 292 1.26 1.41 a2 1.48 OT a2 46 55 46 59 18 17 5.03 4.14 yale, 4.81 4.72 67 91 BS 9 59 54 60 51 a0 4.98 BLO 4.35 5.10 3.83 44 1.59 .60 a ie 1.37 61 49 aD 57 43 5.06 ee ee 4.29 215 S21 30 1.20 1.34 1.03 30 63 44 52 54 55 Season average 4.62 3.90 4.52 4.51 4.93 1.09 1.17 1.22 [35 86 32 51 51 51 54 SI ons "MAdTOLIO-YAGWAAON ‘NOSVAS *ADIOHD *S'N ‘"NOLYVI GNNOd-8E YAd SUV7100 pe 19/99 99/59 $9/¥9 ¥9/€9 €9/29 19/99 99/59 59/¥9 ¥9/€9 £9/29 19/99 99/69 59/9 ¥9/€9 £9/2961 SRLS avaudds JIVSIIOHM-LNIOd ONIddlH$ SNUNLIY avidds YdNDVd GNV YIMOUD WV LId-IIVSIIOHM *SYV 110d] Aji. YAOX MAN PuD ‘sajaBuy so7 ‘oBpo1y> ‘Djudjjy 40} saBDIaAW ;DUOSDAS SNOW321 VINYOIIIVD YOU SAVINdS 40 ORANGES Production and Consumption During 1962/63 through 1966/67, total U.S. orange production fell to 3.9 million tons in the 1963/64 season and rose to a record high of 8.0 billion tons in the 1966/67 season (fig. 19). Consumption of fresh oranges dropped to 11.9 pounds per person in 1963—its lowest point in more than 40 years (fig. 20). Thereafter, consumption increased steadily and reached 18.0 pounds per person in 1967. Florida Oranges Production For the 5-year period, Florida orange production was quite similar in trend to total U.S. orange production (fig. 21). After a low of 2.6 million tons in 1963/64, orange production in Florida increased to a record crop of 6.3 million tons in 1966/67. Prices and Value Florida oranges were priced in Atlanta, Chicago, New York, and Pittsburgh for the 1962/63 through 1966/67 seasons. Prices and values are averages of all sizes and varieties of round oranges. The marketing season usually extends from November through May. The seasonal average retail price of fresh Florida oranges in the four cities reached 15.3 cents per pound for the small 1963/64 orange crop (fig. 22 and table 33). As orange production increased in succeeding years, the seasonal average price decreased to a low of 10.3 cents per pound in 1966/67. Table 33.—Oranges, Florida: The retail value and wholesale or auction price of 90-pound box of Florida oranges varied among the four cities (tables 34, 35, 36, and 37). Prices and values were consistently higher in New York than in any other city. Within each city, the monthly average retail value and wholesale price or auction price of a box fluctuated during the marketing season. There did not appear to be any consistent pattern in the price changes. Spreads and Grower and Packer Return In the 5-years, the seasonal average grower and packer return was greatest for the small 1963/64 crop (fig. 23). Florida growers and packers received an average of $6.23 for a 90-pound box of oranges that season. In each of the following seasons, the grower and packer return declined. For the large 1966/67 crop, Florida growers and packers received an average of $2.97 a box. The seasonal average shipping point-wholesale spread remained relatively stable except for the 1965/66 season when it reached $2.15. The seasonal average wholesale-retail spread was at a high $5.96 a box for the 1963/64 season. For the following season, although the wholesale-retail spread was somewhat lower than in 1963/64, it was greater than the dollar returns to Florida growers and packers. As a percentage of the retail value, the grower and packer return declined from 48 percent in 1962/63 to 33 percent in 1966/67. Meanwhile, both price spreads increased—the shipping point-wholesale spread from 10 percent to 16 percent and the wholesale-retail spread from 42 percent to 51 percent. Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ City 1962/63 1963/64 ! 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 ents per pound a Atlanta 2/ 12.8 13.2 12.9 10.3 9.2 Chicago 2/ 12:2 13.4 11.7 11.0 8.8 New York City 2/ 14.6 16.4 13 12.4 ict Pittsburgh 2/ 4 0.9 ( 4-city average 3/ 13.4 13.3 12.8 11.8 10.3 _1/ 7-month weighted average (Nov.-May). 2/ BLS average city monthly prices weighted by respective city monthly unloads. 3/ Average city seasonal prices weighted by respective city seasonal unloads. 4] Table 34.—Oranges, Florida: Prices and value per box, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Atlanta, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/677 1/ Season Mar Apr. May average Prices_and_ value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1962/63 9.60 LTT 12.83 13 27 12.75 13.18 12.22 11.20 1963/64 10.82 L152 11.87 179 L135 170 11.61 11.50 1964/65 12.13 11.44 11.44 11.00 197 ony 9.34 11.26 1965/66 10.91 8.12 9.08 9.34 8.73 8.64 9.08 9.02 1966/67 9.25 8.38 7.94 7.86 6.81 6.98 6.98 8.01 Wholesale price: 1962/63 5.00 3.70 6.80 8.30 9.00 8.00 9.00 6.21 1963/64 7.40 7.16 7.40 7.60 7.00 6.70 6.80 7.20 1964/65 ! 6.10 5.40 550 5.60 5.10 4.60 4.60 59 1965/66 | 4.36 4.10 4.00 5.20 5.20 4.90 5.40 4.52 1966/67 | 4.70 3.90 3.80 3.70 4.10 3.70 3.70 3.99 | Shipping point price | (f.0.b.): | 1962/63 | 4.15 2.85 5.95 6.85 6.85 7.00 8.00 520) 1963/64 | 6.45 6.50 6.55 6.60 5.90 3.09 6.00 6.36 1964/65 LSe20 4.65 4.25 4.85 4.15 3.10 3.80 4.58 1965/66 | 335 3.25 3.25 3.70 4.05 3:00 4.10 3.48 1966/67 3.85 3.10 3.00 ZS 3.05 2.60 255 3.09 Grower and packer share Percent of retail value: 1962/63 | 43 37 46 52 54 53 65 47 1963/64 60 56 55 56 o2 48 52 ne) 1964/65 43 40 4] 44 35 40 41 4] 1965/66 31 40 36 40 47 42 45 39 1966/67 42 aT 38 35 45 ST ay 39. 1/ All sizes and varieties of oranges, 90 pounds net weight per box. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). Table 35.—Oranges, Florida: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Dollars Prices and value Retail value 2/: 1962/63 8.90 6.72 10.21 1222 13.18 12.83 13.62 10.11 1963/64 1L96 11.44 11.87 11.87 yg 11.79 11.35 LET 1964/65 10.56 10.13 9.60 10.74 10.48 9.34 10.74 10.22 1965/66 10:39 9.25 9.34 8.82 9:2) 10.21 10.39 955 1966/67 9.43 dell 8.12 7.60 peo) 7.16 1.20 Todo Auction price: 1962/63 5.08 3.64 7.10 9.04 9.54 7.96 10.00 6.58 1963/64 6.80 7.30 7.40 7.16 7.48 8.46 10.32 7.83 1964/65 5.30 5.66 7.18 7.18 5.00 5.10 5.50 D9 1965/66 4.22 4.88 5.82 5.80 4.80 5.60 6.06 5.35 1966/67 5.20 4.50 4.50 2.72 3.18 4.26 4.24 3.97 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 4.15 2.85 Di95 6.85 6.85 7.00 8.00 5.17 1963/64 6.45 6.50 6.55 6.60 5.90 5.65 6.00 623 1964/65 320 4.65 4.75 4.85 4.15 3.70 3.80 4.45 1965/66 2.00 J25 3.25 3.70 4.05 3.65 4.10 3.57 1966/67 3.85 3.10 3.00 2.15 3.05 2.60 2:55 297 Grower and packer share Percent of retail value: 1962/63 47 42 58 56 52 hs) 59 ot 1963/64 54 57 5° 56 50 48 53 53 1964/65 50 46 50 45 40 40 35 44 1965/66 32 35 34 42 44 36 39 37 1966/67 41 40 37 36 42 36 35 38 1/ All sizes and varieties of oranges, 90 pounds net weight per box. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 43 Table 36.—Oranges, Florida: Prices and value per box, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Dollars Prices and value Retail value 2): 1962/63 10.74 9.78 13.10 13.88 13.79 13.79 14.49 12.94 1963/64 12.83 12.83 16.32 14.58 14.06 15.28 13.18 14.36 1964/65 12731 ie Be 12.66 12.66 11.52 10.74 11.00 Liy7 1965/66 O79 10.48 10.74 11.96 11.26 10:39 10.48 10.82 1966/67 13.01 11.00 10.04 9.17 8.99 8.21 925 9.66 Auction price: 1962/63 5.40 3.88 6.80 7.00 8.36 8.18 10.52 T29 1963/64 6.92 7.44 i356 7.10 7.30 TAS es 9 7.28 1964/65 7.88 7.40 6.40 6.30 5.84 5.44 S52 632 1965/66 | 5.04 4.84 5.24 7.98 7.84 om We 5.68 6.21 1966/67 5.56 4.20 S12 4.62 4.56 3.60 5.04 4.66 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 4.15 2.85 5.95 6.85 6.85 7.00 8.00 6.08 1963/64 6.45 6.50 6.55 6.60 390 365 6.00 6.19 1964/65 Ded 4.65 4.75 4.85 4.15 3.70 3.80 4.47 1965/66 Seep) a a2) 3.70 4.05 3.65 4.10 3.62 1966/67 3.85 3.10 3.00 Pa Be) 3.05 2.60 2.5) 292 Grower and packer share Percent of retail value: 1962/63 38 Pie, 45 49 50 51 =) 47 1963/64 50 51 40 46 42 37 46 43 1964/65 43 38 38 38 36 35 34 38 1965/66 34 31 30 a1 36 a 329 33 1966/67 30 28 30 30 34 32 re | 30 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 44 Table 37.—Oranges, Florida: Prices and value per box and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1962/63 8.99 7.68 10.30 13.36 11.79 11.87 11.26 10.43 1963/64 11.00 11.79 13.01 13.01 11.00 11.78 13.53 12.00 1964/65 10.56 10.21 10.21 10.13 9.95 9.25 9.17 9.99 1965/66 9.25 8.38 8.90 10.13 9.69 O52 10.48 923 1966/67 10.83 9.52 7.94 8.38 8.73 8.29 8.47 8.72 Wholesale price: 1962/63 5.48 3.96 7.60 8.60 7.98 8.50 10.00 6.79 1963/64 9.00 950 8.50 8.00 6.24 8.00 7.30 8.42 1964/65 7.00 6.50 6.24 6.24 6.00 5.50 5.50 6.18 1965/66 4.50 4.50 5.00 7.50 5.70 5.50 6.00 5.76 1966/67 5.76 3.10 4.24 4.24 4.20 4.00 4.24 4.35 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 4.15 2.85 5.95 6.85 6.85 7.00 8.00 5.40 1963/64 6.45 6.50 6.55 6.60 5.90 5.65 6.00 6.30 1964/65 a2) 4.65 4.75 4.85 4.15 3.70 3.80 4.52 1965/66 3.39 3.25 3.25 3.70 4.05 3.65 4.10 3.56 1966/67 3.85 3.10 3.00 215 205 2.60 2.55 2.98 Grower and packer share Percent of retail value: 1962/63 46 37 58 51 58 By 71 52 1963/64 39 55 50 51 54 48 44 >2 1964/65 50 46 47 48 42 40 41 45 1965/66 36 39 36 36 42 38 39 ao 1966/67 35 33 38 33 35 31 30 34 _1/ All sizes and varieties of oranges, 90 pounds net weight per box. _2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 45 U. S. FRESH ORANGE CONSUMPTION PER PERSON U. S. ORANGE PRODUCTION POUNDS MIL. TONS 1962/63 63/64 64/65 65/66 66/67 Figure 19 Figure 20 FLORIDA ORANGE PRODUCTION RETAIL PRICE OF FLORIDA ORANGES MIL. TONS ¢ PER LB. 1962/63 63/64 64/65 65/66 66/67 1962/63 63/64 64/65 65/66 66/67 SEASONAL AVERAGE PRICE IN ATLANTA, CHICAGO, NEW YORK, AND PITTSBURGH. Figure 21 Figure 22 46 €7 OANSLY “AVW-YAGWAAON ?NOSV3AS “SHILAINVA GNV SAZIS T1V "XO GNNOd-06 Yad SUV 1100 me 19/99 99/59 59/¥9 9/9 £9/29 L9/99 99/59 59/p9 ¥9/€9 £9/29 19/99 99/59 59/9 ¥9/€9 €9/Z961 WAALS RK KK e Poe be be hel hel hd LLOQ XS e, Ce, S255 avdidds JIVSITIOHM-LNIOd ONiddIHS SNUNLIY avaudds YdIIVd GNV YIMOAD IV LIaIIVSIIOHM xSUv110G YBIngsitiq pud ‘Aji YIOX MAN ‘OBDIIYD ‘DyuD]V JO} saBDsaAy ;DUOSDAS SJINVYO VaINOTI YO1 SdVIUdS AZ Table 38.—Oranges, Florida: Spreads per box, and as a percentage of the retail value, Atlanta, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads average | | Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 | 4.60 4.07 6.03 4.97 ce fey 5.18 B22 4.99 1963/64 3.42 4.36 4.47 4.19 4.35 5.00 4.81 4.30 1964/65 | 6.03 6.04 5.94 5.40 6.87 4.57 4.74 587 1965/66 | 6.55 4.02 5.08 4.14 3.53 3.74 3.68 4.50 1966/67 | 4.55 4.48 4.14 4.16 6 Ae (| 3.28 3.28 4.02 i Shipping point-wholesale: | 1962/63 ; .85 85 85 1.45 ak) 1.00 1.00 1.01 1963/64 | 95 .66 85 1.00 1.10 1.05 .80 84 1964/65 | 85 te es, be 95 90 80 81 1965/66 | 1.01 85 av 1.50 ie) 125 1.30 1.04 1966/67 | 85 .80 .80 Bc es LS 1.10 LAS 90 i Wholesale-retail as Percent percentage of retail value: 1962/63 | 48 52 47 37 29 39 27 44 1963/64 t 22 38 38 36 38 43 42 38 1964/65 ; 30 53 a2 49 a7 50 50 52 1965/66 . 60 50 56 44 40 43 41 50 1966/67 | 49 53 52 52 40 47 47 50 Shipping point-wholesale | as percentage of retail | value: 1962/63 9 11 7 11 17 8 8 9 1963/64 8 6 7 8 10 9 6 7 1964/65 7 ii 7 7 8 10 9 ‘i 1965/66 9 10 8 16 13 15 14 6 1966/67 9 10 10 12 15 16 16 11 1/ All sizes and varieties of oranges, 90 pounds net weight per box. 48 Table 39.—Oranges, Florida: Spreads per box, and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Spreads Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 3.82 3.08 a1 3.18 3.64 4.87 3.62 a3 1963/64 5.16 4.14 4.47 4.71 4.31 3.33 108 302 1964/65 5.26 4.47 2.42 3.56 4.90 4.24 5.44 4.33 1965/66 6.17 4.37 a2 3.02 4.45 4.61 4.33 4.20 1966/67 4.23 Pe 3.62 4.88 4.07 2.90 3.09 ee 4 Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 .93 79 L.15 2.19 2.69 .96 2.00 1.41 1963/64 Be) 80 85 56 1.58 2.81 4.32 1.60 1964/65 05 1.01 2.43 2.33 1.43 1.40 1.50 1.44 1965/66 87 1.63 2 2.10 Me 1.95 1.96 1.78 1966/67 1.35 1.40 1.50 -.03 a3 1.66 1.69 1.00 Wholesale-retail as Bekceni percentage of retail value: 1962/63 43 46 31 26 28 38 27 35 1963/64 43 36 38 40 37 28 9 33 1964/65 50 44 25 33 46 45 51 42 1965/66 59 47 38 34 48 45 42 44 1966/67 45 42 45 64 56 4] 42 49 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 10 12 1] 18 20 7 14 14 1963/64 3 7 7 4 13 24 38 14 1964/65 2} 10 25 22 14 15 14 14 1965/66 9 18 28 24 8 19 19 19 1966/67 14 18 18 3} Z 23 23 13 1/ All sizes and varieties of oranges, 90 pounds net weight per box. 2/ Less than 0.5 percent. 3/ Less than -0.5 percent. 49 Table 40.—Oranges, Florida: Spreads per box, and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Spreads Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Wholesale-retail as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 60 42 39 54 62 48 54 49 ot 49 Dollars 6.88 7.48 6.36 3.98 4.55 mls) 00, 1.45 4.28 1.87 Percent 50 of 50 33 50 1/ All sizes and varieties of oranges, 90 pounds net weight per box. 50 5.43 6.76 5.68 3.42 4.43 15 1.40 169 B19. 131 39 48 49 30 49 1] 10 iS 34 17 3.61 8.10 a0 4.27 4.61 {As 1,53 1.74 2.47 1.00 41 a2 49 41 56 397 5.86 5.48 4.80 4.2] 2.02 1.32 L72 1.58 2.49 17 10 16 15 Zi Season average 5:05 7.08 5.45 4.61 5.00 [21 1.09 1.85 2.59 1.74 44 49 46 43 52 Table 41.—Oranges, Florida: Spreads per box and as a percentage of the retail value, Pittsburgh, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads average Dollars Wholesale-re tail: 1962/63 3.04 By 2.70 4.76 3.81 aad 1.26 3.64 1963/64 2.00 229 4.51 5.01 4.76 3.78 6.23 3.58 1964/65 3.56 a 397 3.89 ER) cP 3.67 381 1965/66 4.75 3.88 3.90 2.63 BB 4.02 4.48 3.47 1966/67 5.07 5.76 3.70 4.14 4.53 4.29 4.23 4.37 Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 1.33 1 1.65 | is a Re 1.50 2.00 1.39 1963/64 209 3.00 195 1.40 34 235 1.30 242 1964/65 Ls 1.85 1.49 1,39 1.85 1.80 1.70 1.66 1965/66 lis 125 PF fe 3.80 1.65 1.85 1.90 2.20 1966/67 1.91 .66 1.24 1.49 1.15 1.40 1.69 [3/7 Wholesale-retail as Percent percentage of retail value: 1962/63 39 49 26 36 32 28 1] 35 1963/64 18 20 35 38 43 32 46 30 1964/65 34 36 39 38 40 4] 40 38 1965/66 51 46 44 26 41 42 43 37 1966/67 47 60 46 49 52 SZ 50 50 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 15 14 16 13 10 i3 18 13 1963/64 23 25 15 11 3 20 10 18 1964/65 16 18 14 14 18 19 19 17 1965/66 13 15 20 38 Ly 20 18 24 1966/67 1/ All sizes and varieties of oranges, 90 pounds net weight per box. 51 California Navel Oranges value fluctuated by only 9 cents in New York and 28 cents in Chicago. Production Spreads and Grower and Packer Returns California navel orange production increased from 473,000 tons in 1962/63 to 701,000 tons in 1965/66 For the 1962/63 season, California growers and (fig. 24). Although total U.S. orange production packers received an average of $3.84 for a carton of increased in 1966/67, the California navel orange crop oranges sold in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York and dropped to 652,000 tons. Seattle—half of the retail value (fig. 26). In the following four seasons, grower and packer returns averaged about Prices and Value $1 per carton less—or slightly over 40 percent of the retail value. For the 5-year period, the seasonal average California navel oranges were priced in Chicago, wholesale-retail spread was fairly steady—around $3 per Los Angeles, New York, and Seattle for the 1962/63 carton. When expressed as a percentage of the retail through 1966/67 seasons. Prices and values are averages value, the wholesale-retail spread increased from 40 of all sizes of oranges. The marketing season used percent in 1962/63 to 47 percent in 1966/67. extends from December through May. The seasonal average retail price decreased from 21.8 cents per pound Except for the 1963/64 season, the seasonal in 1962/63 to 18.6 cents per pound for the 1966/67 average wholesale-retail spread, both dollars per carton marketing season (fig. 25 and table 42). and percentage of retail value, was higher in New York than in any of the other cities (tables 47, 48, 49, and During the 5-year period, the seasonal average 50). California growers and packers received retail value of a 37.5 pound carton of California navel approximately the same dollar return for navel oranges oranges was consistently higher in New York thanin any regardless of city. However, the return expressed as a of the other cities (tables 43, 44,45, and 46). In the last _ percentage of the retail value was lowest for oranges sold four seasons of the period, the seasonal average retail in New York, due to the high retail value in that city. Table 42.—Oranges, California Navel: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ 1962/63 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1963/64 Cents per pound Chicago 2/ Los Angeles 2/ New York City 2/ Seattle 2/ 4-city average 3/ 1/ 7-month weighted average (Nov.-May). 2/ BLS average city monthly prices weighted by respective city monthly unloads. 3/ Average city seasonal prices weighted by respective city seasonal unloads. a2 ST aansty p7_oansiy ‘JTLLV3S ONY ‘NYOA MEN ‘'SATAONV SOT ‘ODVIIHD NI FDIYd JDVIZAV TYNOSVAS 29/99 99/59 ¢9/¥9 y9/€9 £€9/7961 29/99 99/S9 ¢9/¥9 V9/€9 bese 81 * SJONVYO TZAVN NOILINGOUd VINGOIITVD 40 Jd1ad WVLIY JONVYO TIAVN VINUOIITV "a1 Ydd > SNOL ‘NOHL a3 Table 43.—Oranges, California, Navel: Prices and value per carton, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1962/63 1s 6.61 1.395 oS) 8.48 8.36 7.45 1963/64 7.24 6.94 612 5.94 6.98 6.05 6.54 1964/65 7.73 6.42 a19 Sie) 6.16 6.42 6.36 1965/66 7.59 5.98 6.01 S271 5.49 roe 6.28 1966/67 6.68 6.58 6.61 5.90 5.90 6.31 6.32 Auction price: 1962/63 3.60 3.34 3.98 6.03 3.89 6.81 4.52 1963/64 3.87 3.25 3.36 3.83 4.00 4.50 3.53 1964/65 4.47 3.28 353 3.49 99 4.00 eye) 1965/66 5.58 35 3.20 2209 3.04 3.36 3.24 1966/67 3.81 3.61 3.34 3.05 2.29 3.78 3.30 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 3.20 3.42 3.67 4.40 4.59 4.84 3.76 1963/64 3.20 2.80 2.67 2.69 319 2.83 2.87 1964/65 3.64 3.02 2.86 213 213 2.84 2.98 1965/66 332 2.73 2.47 PHS! 2.47 2.62 2.64 1966/67 37 249 2.60 2.41 2.54 2:13 2.68 Grower and packer share of Percent retail value: 1962/63 45 47 50 55 54 58 i 1963/64 44 40 44 45 46 46 44 1964/65 47 47 49 48 44 44 47 1965/66 44 46 4] 42 45 36 42 1966/67 47 42 39 41 43 43 42 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 34 Table 44.—Oranges, California, Navel: Prices and value per carton, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1962/63 6.26 6.11 T35 8.33 8.48 9.10 7.36 1963/64 131 7.28 6.62 6.51 8.52 6.11 7.08 1964/65 6.80 6.69 5.90 5.86 6.07 6.51 6.24 1965/66 6.73 6.80 6.11 6.07 6.51 vA) 6.50 1966/67 6.69 6.19 5.74 5.97 6.07 6.48 6.15 Wholesale price: 1962/63 3.50 3.03 4.33 5.65 5.40 5.85 4.53 1963/64 4.40 3.90 3.95 4.00 4.75 4.25 4.21 1964/65 4.50 3.00 3.38 3.38 3.50 3.50 3.59 1965/66 4.38 3.50 3.38 3.38 3.83 3.83 307 1966/67 3.50 339 3.45 313 3.65 3.50 3.41 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 3.26 3.12 367 4.40 4.59 4.84 3.85 1963/64 3.20 2.80 2.67 2.69 3.19 2.83 2.90 1964/65 3.64 3.02 2.86 2.73 243 2.84 2.94 1965/66 3.32 243 2.47 2.39 2.47 2.62 2.62 1966/67 317 2.79 2.60 2.41 2.54 pe kes 2.67 Grower and packer share of Percent retail value: 1962/63 52 51 50 53 54 53 52 1963/64 44 39 40 41 38 46 4] 1964/65 a2 45 48 47 45 44 47 1965/66 49 40 40 40 38 36 40 1966/67 47 45 45 40 42 42 43 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). Sy) Table 45.—Oranges, California, Navel: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: | 1962/63 | 6.87 139 122 O22 0.419 9356 8.17 1963/64 7.61 7.28 6.58 7.32 8.70 6.87 739 1964/65 | 9.00 728 6.84 6.80 7.06 7.99 7.44 1965/66 8.62 6.95 6.95 7.10 7.29 ETB 7.38 1966/67 8.33 7.61 732 7.06 713 7.10 735 Auction price: 1962/63 3.47 3.69 297 D362 5.78 6.85 4.72 1963/64 4.70 3.74 3.83 4.43 5.26 5.00 4.49 1964/65 4.40 3.30 3.44 a7 3.53 3.60 3.65 1965/66 4.86 3.09 S44 3.20 25 4.06 3.41 1966/67 3.54 3.30 3.49 331 SS 4.41 et: Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 3.26 3.12 3.67 4.40 4.59 4.84 3.86 1963/64 3.20 2.80 2.67 269 319 2.83 2.88 1964/65 3.64 3.02 2.86 2613 2513 2.84 2.96 1965/66 3.32 2.73 2.47 2.39 2.47 262 2.62 1966/67 3.17 2.79 2.60 2.41 2.54 28 2.68 Grower and packer share of Percent retail value: 1962/63 47 42 46 48 50 S1 47 1963/64 42 39 40 36 36 4] 39 1964/65 4] 4] 42 40 38 36 40 1965/66 38 39 36 34 34 34 36 1966/67 34 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 56 Table 46.—Oranges, California, Navel: Price and value per carton, and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1962/63 — - — - ~ - - 1963/64 7.02 6.46 7.39 7.39 8.10 8.14 To 1964/65 7.85 6.54 5.94 See 5.67 631 6.19 1965/66 i) 6.50 6.35 5.61 6.24 6.16 6.33 1966/67 6.38 S19 5.75 3.37 5.61 5.98 3.19 Wholesale price: 1962/63 — - — - — - _ 1963/64 4.75 4.25 4.00 4.25 4.75 5.25 4.44 1964/65 mo be) 4.60 4.25 4.15 4.25 4.25 4.46 1965/66 4.80 4.00 3.80 RAL 3.80 4.40 4.10 1966/67 4.15 3.95 3.65 3.60 ce PS 3.80 3.81 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1962/63 ~ - _ - _ — ~ 1963/64 3.20 2.80 2.67 2.69 3.19 2.03 202 1964/65 3.64 3.02 2.86 2,93 2.13 2.84 2.96 1965/66 3.32 242 2.47 2.39 2.47 2.02 2.68 1966/67 Dokl. 249 2.60 2.41 2.54 2st 2.69 Grower and packer share of Percent 1962/63 _ - - = — _ — 1963/64 46 44 36 36 40 34 38 1964/65 46 46 48 48 48 45 48 1965/66 1966/67 1/ All sizes or oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 37 Table 47.—Oranges, California, Navel: Spreads per carton, and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads average Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 3.65 3.21 3.37 1.92 2.63 155 298 1963/64 cee 371 2.76 pall 2.98 1.55 3.01 1964/65 3.26 3.14 2.26 2526 2.21 2.42 21 1965/66 2.01 2:23 2.81 242 2.45 3.96 3.04 1966/67 2.87 2.97 3.27 2.85 361 258 3.02 Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 34 BP) =) 1.63 1.26 1.97 .76 1963/64 oF 43 .69 1.14 81 1.67 .66 1964/65 83 26 .67 16 22 1.16 81 1965/66 2.26 102 213 .60 ay 74 .60 1966/67 64 82 74 64 -.25 1.05 62 Wholesale-retail as percentage Percent of retail value: 1962/63 50 50 46 24 al 18 39 1963/64 47 54 45 36 42 26 46 1964/65 42 49 39 39 36 38 40 1965/66 26 37 47 48 45 54 48 1966/67 43 45 50 48 61 40 48 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 5 3 4 21 1S 24 10 1963/64 9 6 11 19 12 28 10 1964/65 i 4 | 13 20 18 13 1965/66 30 17 12 10 10 10 10 1966/67 10 13 11 11 4 Ly 10 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. Table 48.—Oranges, California, Navel: Spreads per carton, and as a percentage of the retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Spreads Wholesale-retail 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Wholesale-retail as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 ” | " | Dollars 2.16 2.46 3.02 2.68 3.08 2.91 3.38 2:6) 2.51 S77 2.30 3.19 252 2.48 257 239 3.30 273 2.69 2.68 3.19 2.84 2.29 2.84 2.42 24 aks’ 66 1.25 81 1.20 1.10 1.28 131 1.56 86 A8 2, 65 i 1.06 ae 91 99 1.36 33 56 85 Ae 1:11 Percent 44 40 4] 32 36 40 46 40 39 44 34 48 43 42 42 35 49 45 44 4] 48 46 40 48 40 4 9 9 15 10 16 15 20 20 18 13 7. 9 11 13 16 1] 15 16 21 5 9 15 12 18 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 59 May he Pee 1.86 3.01 3.34 2.98 1.01 1.42 .66 P21 ahd 36 31 46 47 46 11 23 10 17 12 a Season average 2.83 2.87 2.65 2.83 2.74 68 1.31 65 1.05 74 39 41 43 44 45 Table 49.—Oranges, California, Navel: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season Spreads Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May average Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 3.40 3.70 3.95 3.40 3.41 2.11 3.45 1963/64 2.91 3.54 2.15 2.89 3.44 1.87 2.90 1964/65 4.60 3.98 3.40 3.23 351 4.39 3.19 1965/66 3.16 3.86 3.24 3.90 3.12 3.67 3.67 1966/67 4.79 4.31 3.83 cee) 4.00 2.69 3.17 Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 al oY .30 1.42 C19 2.01 86 1963/64 1.50 94 1.16 1.74 2.07 24g 1.61 1964/65 76 .28 58 84 62 76 .69 1965/66 1.54 36 1.24 81 1.06 1.44 1.09 1966/67 oT J] 89 90 2° 1.68 90 Wholesale-retail as percentage eee of retail value: 1962/63 50 50 50 aT 37 28 42 1963/64 38 49 42 40 40 Pal 39 1964/65 at a, 50 48 50 54 Si 1965/66 44 56 46 55 a1 48 50 1966/67 58 56 a2 53 56 38 51 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 3 8 4 5 is 21 11 1963/64 20 12 18 24 24 32 pe) 1964/65 8 4 8 12 12 10 9 1965/66 18 5 18 1] 15 18 14 1966/67 4 7 12 13 8 24 12 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 60 Table 50.—Oranges, California, Navel: Spreads Dec. Wholesale-retail: 1962/63 = 1963/64 2.27 1964/65 2.50 1965/66 2:33 1966/67 Boo Shipping point-wholesale: 1962/63 = 1963/64 iso 1964/65 Lv! 1965/66 1.48 1966/67 .98 Wholesale-retail as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 - 1963/64 32 1964/65 32 1965/66 32 1966/67 35 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1962/63 — 1963/64 pH) 1964/65 22 1965/66 Zi 1966/67 15 Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1962/63 to 1966/67 1/ Season Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May average Dollars 2.21 3.39 3.14 3.35 2.89 2.91 1.94 1.69 1.56 1.42 2.06 1.73 2.50 2.55 1.86 2.44 1.76 2.23 1.84 2.10 1.77 1.86 2.18 1.98 1.45 1.33 1.56 1.56 2.42 1.62 1.58 1.39 1.42 152 1.41 1.50 127 1.33 1.36 1.33 1.78 1.42 1.16 1.05 1.19 1.2] 1.07 1.12 Percent 34 46 43 41 36 40 30 29 27 25 33 28 38 41 33 39 29 35 32 37 33 33 36 34 22 18 21 19 30 22 24 23 25 27 22 24 20 20 24 21 29 23 20 18 22 22 18 19 1/ All sizes of oranges,37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 61 97 OINSL “AVW-YAgWsIA *NOSVIAS “ATLLVAS JGNTINI LON $4009 “SAONVUYO AO SAZIS T1V ‘NOLYVI GNNOd-S'LE Yad SUV 1100 x 19/99 99/59 59/9 ¥9/E9 €9/29 19/99 99/59 59/9 ¥9/€9 £9/29 19/99 99/59 S9/9 ¥9/€9 £9/Z296I (e) (e) (eo) Ce, Oe, Sh o, 2} o4 40} sabosaay j|DuOsSDaS SJONVUO TZAVN VINUOMIVD YOI SQVIUdS California Valencia Oranges carton of California Valencia oranges was usually greatest in New York City and the seasonal average wholesale or auction price was greatest in Seattle (tables 52, 53, 54, and 55). Production For the 1963-1967 seasons, production of California Valencia oranges increased 23 percent (fig. 27). After a Spreads and Grower and Packer Return small crop in 1965, production increased sharply in 1966 and 1967. The 1967 crop was the largest California The four-city seasonal average return to California Valencia crop since 1959. growers and packers for a carton of Valencia oranges was slightly less than the wholesale-retail spread in four of the five seasons (fig. 29). Both the return to growers and packers and the wholesale-retail spread trended California Valencia oranges were priced in four downward during the period. Expressed as a percentage terminal markets—Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and of the retail value, the wholesale-retail spread fluctuated Seattle—for 1963-67. Prices and values are averages of all between 37 and 47 percent and the return to growers sizes of oranges. The marketing season extends from and packers was between 39 and 43 percent. May through November. Prices and Value The wholesale-retail spread was largest in New York, The seasonal average retail price of California followed by Chicago, Seattle, and Los Angeles (tables Valencia oranges in the four cities trended downward 56, 57, 58, and 59). The shipping point-wholesale spread during the 5 years (fig. 28 and table 51). Although retail was largest in Seattle, followed by New York, Los prices dropped in all cities, the smallest decline was in Angeles and Chicago. The grower and packer return New York. expressed as a percentage of the retail value was greater for oranges sold in Los Angeles and Chicago than for The seasonal average retail value of a 37.5-pound those sold in New York or Seattle. Table 51.—Oranges, California Valencia: Seasonal average retail prices in selected cities, 1963-1967 1/ City Cents per pound Chicago 2/ 20.3 20.0 175 18.1 173 Los Angeles 2/ 19.3 20.3 17.0 7A 15.2 New York City 2/ 22.6 19.9 21.5 19.9 Seattle 2/ 23.8 17.9. 20.0 18.0 4-city average 3/ 21.0 21:6 18.6 19.4 179 1/ 7-month weighted average (May-Nov.). 2/ BLS average city monthly prices weighted by respective city monthly unloads. 3/ Average city seasonal price weighted by respective city seasonal unloads. 63 Table 52.—Oranges, California, Valencia: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Chicago, by months and seaons, 1963 to 1967 1/ Season fie average Prices_and_value fp Dollars Retail value 2/: 1963 Teal fe i 7.59 32 7.13 ni3 159 7.38 1964 6.05 6.38 6.94 8.53 | 8.52 8.56 7.28 1965 = 6.80 6.20 6.12 6.38 6.72 6.80 6.53 1966 = 3.37 5.64 6.38 6.84 fies 1.69 6.59 1967 _ Be fe) 5.94 5.90 6.58 7.06 6.58 6.29 Auction price: 1963 4.75 3.61 4.96 312 4.00 4.45 3.46 4.08 1964 3.88 4.54 4.47 5.10 4.84 3.99 6.52 4.87 1965 3.14 3.46 2.96 353 3.40 3.53 3.49 3.40 1966 pay ps: 203 305 3.50 4.05 4.03 3.66 B53 1967 pe Ke 2.99 2.38 28 3.10 3.03 3.76 S11 Shipping point (f.0.b.) price: 1963 311 3.52 292 293 2.77 3.20 2.96 3.16 1964 pa): 2.66 3.02 3.37 3:69 4.04 4.38 3.02 1965 2.48 252 ge 2.40 295 207 Zoe 2.69 1966 28 2.60 Dune 2:09 2.98 3.65 3.25 297 1967 213 218 2.2 2.45 2.65 3.20 2.50 2.58 Grower and packer share Percent of retail value: 1963 a2 45 38 40 39 46 39 43 1964 48 42 44 40 49 47 a1 46 1965 — 37 37 39 46 44 43 4] 1966 - 47 4] 45 43 50 42 45 1967 - 38 39 42 40 45 39 4] TTT 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. . 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 64. Table 53.—Oranges, California, Valencia: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 _1/ Season average Dollars Prices and value Retail value 2/: 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Wholesale price: 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Shipping point (f.0.b.) price: 1963 Sel 3.52 2.92 2.93 2.77 3.26 2.96 3.19 1964 2.93 2.66 3.02 3.37 3.69 4.04 4.38 3.39 1965 2.48 252 221 2.40 2.95 2.97 2.92 2.65 1966 2.39 2.60 2:29 2.89 2.98 3.65 3.25 2.84 1967 2.13 2.18 232 2.45 2.65 3.20 2.56 2.45 Grower and packer share Percent of retail value: 1963 55 49 40 42 40 45 41 45 1964 48 41 42 46 47 45 52 46 1965 45 42 39 40 45 44 44 43 1966 45 44 35 47 49 49 48 46 1967 45 44 42 43 42 48 40 44 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 65 Table 54.—Oranges, California, Valencia: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1963 to 67 1 mepe : Item Prices and value Retail value 2/: 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Auction price: 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Grower and packer share of retail value: 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. _2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 9:19 755 713 7.47 6.42 3.95 3.8/ 3.42 335 4.07 i ee 2.66 ZL 2.60 2.18 38 = 35 55 34 ye i 8.22 6.95 7.06 ez 3.69 4.67 200 3.43 2.74 poe 3.02 Zant Dod 232 37 oT 33 33 32 66 Dollars 199 8.66 6.95 7.61 7.06 4.16 5.49 5 ie 4.36 31 PB ke 37 2.40 2.00 2.45 Percent a7 oo 35 38 35 781 8.92 7.28 7.61 ahd 3.66 5.24 3.82 4.59 3.84 217 3.69 2.95 2.98 2.65 36 42 40 39 oF Oct. 7.65 9.63 ce, 8.33 8.14 4.48 5:33 4.02 4.52 4.31 3.26 4.04 2.97 3.05 O20 43 42 39 44 39 Nov. IE: 9.30 elo 8.52 7.88 3.58 5.86 4.09 Side 3.69 2.96 4.38 Zoe 3.29 2.56 38 47 38 38 ed Season average 8.04 8.24 ve23 781 126 3.96 4.83 3.58 4.28 3.77 3.07 3.28 2.07 2299 2.58 38 40 37 38 36 Table 55.—Oranges, California, Valencia: Prices and value per carton and grower and packer returns as a percentage of retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 1/ Season average Prices and value Dollars Retail value 2/: 1963 | _ — 8.33 8.59 8.36 8.18 8.40 8.36 1964 | 8.14 8.18 8.74 8.33 8.92 9.93 9.97 8.67 1965 — 5.64 6.05 6.24 T25 6.64 7.28 6.51 1966 — 6.46 6.61 6.80 7.28 8.03 8.44 7.30 1967 ~ eh, 5.86 6.24 6.76 139 747 6.35 Wholesale price: 1963 - — 6.12 6.25 a.20 S220) 6.00 5.81 1964 5.00 4.75 S22 Je a0 6.26 6.32 5.34 1965 3.70 395 3.90 4.20 5.10 5.10 6.00 4.76 1966 3.59 3.85 3.50 4.25 4.40 4.90 6.35 4.70 1967 3.00 3.60 2310 3.90 4.40 4.80 4.35 4.10 Shipping point price (f.0.b.): 1963 — - 292 293 Zul F 3.76 2.96 3.09 1964 293 2.66 3.02 3.37 3.69 4.04 4.38 3.28 [9G9 2.48 pany) 2.27 2.40 20 297 292 2.69 1966 2.33 2.60 2:29 2.89 2.98 3.65 5.25 2.92 1967 Zo 2.18 Loe 2.45 2.03 3.20 2.56 2.54 Grower and packer share of Percent retail value: 1963 — -- 35 34 33 46 35 af 1964 36 32 35 40 41 4] 44 38 1965 — 45 38 38 40 45 40 41 1966 — 40 35 42 41 45 38 40 1967 — 38 40 39 39 43 34 39 _1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 2/ Returns to retailer for salable oranges (3-percent allowance for loss incurred during marketing process). 67 87 ans LT andy ‘STLLVIS ONV ‘NYOA MAN 'SITAONV SOT ‘OOVIIHD NI FDId JOVAAAY TVNOS VIS L961 9961 S961 7961 £961 L961 9961 S961 V96l £961 ra OSS Bl él 02 Lc : - . ‘a1 Yad > x SIONVYO VIDNITVA NOILINGOYd VINMOMITVD 10 Aad WVLIY JONVYO VIONITVA VINYOIITVD SNOL ‘NOHL 68 67 AINSI “YAEWAAON-AVW *-NOSVAS ‘SAZIS T1V ‘NOLYVI GNNOd-S'LE Yad SYVT100 » aQvidds JIVSIIOHM-LNIOd ONIddIHs SNUNLIY aGvidds YdAIVd GNV YIMOUND UVLIAAIVWSITIOHM *xSYV11I0d Q/4409S5 puo ‘AjID YIOX MAN ‘sajabuy soy ‘oBpoiy> 404 saBOsaaAy ;|OUOSDAS SJONVYO VIDNIIVA VINYOIIIV BOI SAVIUdS 69 Table 56.—Oranges, California, Valencia: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Chicago, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 1/ Season average Spreads Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1963 2.46 4.16 2.63 4.20 3.13 2.68 4.13 3.30 1964 217 1.84 2.47 3.23 2.67 253 2.04 2.41 1965 — 3.34 3.24 2.59 2.98 S19 3a! 3.13 1966 — 2.64 2.09 2.88 219 B22 4.03 3.06 1967 — 2.76 3.56 292 3.48 303 2.82 3.18 Shipping point-wholesale: 1963 1.04 .09 2.04 19 L223 Le 50 92 1964 95 1.88 1.45 Lo 1.15 1.95 2.14 1355 1965 .66 94 69 113 45 56 a7 vl 1966 40 .33 76 61 1.07 38 41 56 1967 .20 81 .06 oo 45 33 1.20 Jo Wholesale-retail as percentage Percent of retail value: 1963 34 54 35 a7 44 ai 54 45 1964 36 29 36 39 36 30 24 33 1965 = 49 52 42 47 48 49 48 1966 - 47 46 45 41 45 53 46 1967 ~ 48 60 49 a2 50 43 aI Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1963 14 1 27 3 17 17 7 12 1964 16 29 20 21 15 a 2 21 1965 — 14 11 19 7 8 8 11 1966 ~ 6 13 10 16 5 5 9 1967 8 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 70 Table 57.—Oranges, California, Valencia: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Los Angeles, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 1/ Spreads Wholesale-retail: 1963 1.98 1964 1.96 1965 2.65 1966 1.88 1967 -2.01 Shipping point-wholesale: 1963 1.04 1964 1.22 1965 40 1966 OZ 1967 62 Wholesale-retail as percentage of retail value: 1963 29 1964 32 1965 48 1966 37 1967 42 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1963 16 1964 20 1965 7 1966 18 1967 13 J/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 2AT 2.04 0 | Dido Z31 1.48 1.74 1.08 2.49 2.80 2.86 2.94 2.16 1.83 1.38 61 12! 1.01 oe) 39 50 46 39 25 19 11 19 Mey 71 2.18 2.08 2eo 2.01 209 177 1.83 1.10 .96 1.00 a2 29 42 38 40 26 23 18 i 17 Dollars 2.16 223 2.74 2.44 2.47 1.98 201 93 65 1.18 Percent 31 28 41 40 39 29 Z> 14 11 19 Zine 3.04 Sued 2.96 1.84 1.69 1.83 iol 85 ee) pe i 2.94 2.05 2.39 1.94 1.44 ha2 1.08 LS 1.94 39 33 40 35 30 20 13 16 17 30 Season average 2.28 2.41 2.80 2.40 2.15 Pee) 1.58 whe OT 1.03 a3 33 45 39 38 22 ra 12 a 15 18 Table 58.—Oranges, California, Valencia: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, New York City, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 1/ Season average Spreads | Dollars Wholesale-retail: 1963 - 5.24 4.08 3.83 4.15 3.17 4.15 4.08 1964 2.34 3.68 355 oAT 3.68 4.30 3.44 3.41 1965 = creel 4.05 3.63 3.46 351 3.64 3.67 1966 - 4.12 3.03 3.25 3.02 3.81 3.20 3.53 1967 — 235 4.47 cme! 3.33 3.83 3.99 3.49 Shipping point-wholesale: 1963 1.07 43 ala 123 89 1.22 62 89 1964 1.60 12) 1.65 oe Wy) | Bete 1229 1.48 Pa) 1965 37 90 .63 92 87 1.05 LA? 91 1966 1 Mf) 1.14 1.47 1.61 87 2.07 1.29 1967 84 1.89 42 1.06 1.19 114 133 1.19 Wholesale-retail as percentage Percent of retail value: 1963 = ad 53 48 53 41 54 ell 1964 34 49 43 ai 41 45 37 41 1965 — 52 58 52 48 47 47 50 1966 ~ a5 a1 43 40 46 38 45 1967 — af 62 50 46 47 a1 48 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1963 ~ 5 10 15 11 16 8 11 1964 23 16 20 24 17 13 16 19 1965 — 13 9 13 12 14 5 13 1966 ~ 10 16 19 Pa 10 24 17 1967 ~ 29 6 15 17 14 Ly 16 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. 72 Table 59.—Oranges, California, Valencia: Spreads per carton and as a percentage of the retail value, Seattle, by months and seasons, 1963 to 1967 1/ Season Spreads average Wholesale-retail: 1963 — - 22) 2.34 S11 2.68 2.40 250 1964 3.14 3.43 3.52 2.38 3.02 eee | 3.65 3.33 1965 — 1.69 2.15 2.04 2.15 1.54 1.28 175 1966 - 2.61 SAT 255 2.88 3.13 2.09 2.60 1967 — 219 2.16 2.34 2.30 2.00 3:12 2.45 Shipping point-wholesale: 1963 — ~ 3.20 332 2.48 1.74 3.04 pe i 1964 2.07 2.09 2.20 2.58 1.41 oe | 1.94 2.06 1965 Lz 1.43 1.63 1.80 245 213 3.08 2.07 1966 199 125 1.21 1.36 1.42 1.25 3.10 1.78 1967 87 1.42 1.38 1.45 1,75 1.60 17g 1.56 Wholesale-retail as percentage Percent of retail value: 1963 - ~ Zz 27 a 33 29 30 1964 39 42 40 29 43 37 36 38 1965 -— 30 36 33 30 23 18 oa 1966 ~ 41 47 38 40 oo 25 36 1967 — 38 37 38 ie) 35 42 37 Shipping point-wholesale as percentage of retail value: 1963 - ~ 38 39 30 21 36 a2 1964 25 26 25 31 16 Z2 20 24 1965 - 25 26 29 30 32 42 32 1966 - i9 18 20 19 16 37 24 1967 1/ All sizes of oranges, 37.5 pounds net weight per carton. % U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1970--394-382/ERS-95 73 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20250 OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 POSTAGE & FEES PAID United States Deportment of Agriculture