r~"

wWMI

The Principal

Navigations Voyages Traffiques and

Discoveries of the EngUsh Nation

In Twelve Volumes
Volume XII

GLASGOW
PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY
ROBERT MACLEHOSE &= COMPANY LTD. FOR
JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS, PUBLISHERS
TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW

MACMILLAN AND CO. LTD. LONDON

THE MACMILLAN CO. NEW YORK

SIMPKIN, HAMILTON AND CO. LONDON

MACMILLAN AND BOWES CAMBRIDGE

DOUGLAS AND FOULIS EDINBURGH

MCMV

The Principal

Navigations Voyages
Traffiques & Discoveries

of the English Nation

Made by Sea or Over-land to the

Remote and Farthest Distant Quarters

of the Earth at any time within the

compasse of these 1600 Yeeres

RICHARD HAKLUYT

Preacher, and sometime Student of
Christ-Church in Oxford

VOLUME XII

Glasgow
James MacLeliose and Sons

Publishers to the University

MCMV

THE TABLE

PAGE

Publishers' Note, ...... xiii

The English Voyages of the Sixteenth Century, by

Walter Raleigh, i

General Index, . . . . . . .121

Index to Ships, . . . . . . . 464

^<1k^"l3jL

ILLUSTRATIONS

Plan of Westminster, a.d. 1593, ... 32

Reproduced from a copy in the British Museum of the
Speculum Britaniae, The first parte by The travaile
and vew of John Norden^ Anno 1593.

Letter from Richard Hakluyt to Sir Francis

Walsingham, ist April, 1584. ... 80

In the first part of this letter Hakluyt urges on Sir
Francis Walsingham the foundation of a lecture
on Mathematics in Oxford, and another, on * the
Arte of Navigation' in London, at a yearly stipend
of Fifty pounds each. * In my simple judgment,'
writes Hakluyt, the money so spent 'wold be
the best hundred pounds bestowed, that was
bestowed these five hundred yeares in England.'
The remainder of the letter gives various items
of news which may be of political interest to
Walsingham. The letter was written when Hak-
luyt was chaplain to the Embassy in Paris. It is
docquetted ' primo Aprilis 1584. Ffrom M'- Hak-
luite the preacher at Paris ' and endorsed in a
modern hand ' This is a private not a diplomatic
letter from Hackluyt to Walsingham.' The repro-
duction is made, by permission, from the original
vii

ILLUSTRATIONS

preserved in the Public Record Office. The letter
itself runs as follows :
Right honorable : the famouse disputations in al the
partes of the mathematicks wch at this present
are held in Paris for the gayning of the lecture
wch was erected by the worthy scholer Petrus
Ramus to the greate increase of those excellent
sciences, put mee in mynd to sollicite yo" honour
agayne and agayne for the erection of that lecture
of the Arte of Navigation, whereof 1 have had
some speach with yo"" Honor, Sir Ffrancis Drake,
and Alderman Barnes and other. And that you
might meet with al inconveniences wch might
frustrate the expected profit wch is hoped for by
the erection of the same, I send yo^ honor heare
the testament of Petrus Ramus newely put out
agayne in printe and sent unto mee by Monsieur
Bergeron Ramus his executor, whereby you may
see, first the exceeding zeale that man had to
benefit his countrey, in bestowing 500 livres (wch
as yo"" honor knoweth) is fiftie pound sterling,
uppon establishing of that lecture, bequething not
halfe soe much to al the kinred and friends he
had. Secondly you may note that he being one
of the most famouse clerks of Europe thought
those sciences next after divinitie to be most
necessarie for the comonwelth, in that he erected
a newe lecture of the same, wheras there was one
before erected and endued with fiftie pound
stipend by the Kinge of Ffrance. Thirdly that
most provident order wch the good man by his wil
hath taken, is most requisite to be put in
execution in England : wch is, that every three
yeares, there shalbe publicke disputations signified to
al men by publicke writing, wherein yt shalbe free
for any man for three moneths space to dispute
agaynst the reader for the tyme being, who yf he
be found negligent, or yf any one of the competitours
be found more worthy by the opinion of certayne

ILLUSTRATIONS

indifferent men of lerninge chosen out of purpose
to be judges, that then the unworthier shal give
place to the more sufficient : who so being placed
is bound in three yeares space to read through the
course of the mathematicks. Yf by yo"" honors in-
stigation Her Majestic might be enduced to erect
such a lecture in Oxford, and the like for the Arte
of navigation might by some other meanes be estab-
lished at London, allowing to ech of them fiftie
pounds yearly with the same conditions, in my
simple judgment yt wold be the best hundred pounds
bestowed, that was bestowed these five hundred
yeares in England. Ffor yt is not unknowne unto
yo"" wisedome, howe necessarie for service of warres
arithmeticke and geometric are, and for our newe
discoveries and longe voyages by sea the arte of
navigation is, wch is compounded of many partes
of the aforesayd sciences. Understanding heareto-
fore of your honours greate aboundance of business,
and yo' dangerouse sicknes, I thought yt not meet
to trouble yo"" honor with such things as I had
carefully sought out here in Ffrance concerning the
furtherance of the westerne discoveries, but chose
rather to imparte the same wth M^- Carlile, wch
thing I also did. But being lately advertised of
yo' recovery (for wch I humbly thanke almightie
God) 1 was bold to signifie unto yo" honor my
dealing with Horatio Palavicini to become an
adventurer in those westerne voyages, and among
other talke alleadged yo' good disposition to the
same, wch he hearing of replyed very cheerfully,
that yf he were moved^ thereto by the lest word
from yo"^ honor, he wold put in his hundred pound
adventure, or more, Yf Mr. Carlile bee gon, yet
yt might come in good tyme to serve M*"' Ffrobisher's
turne, yf yo' wisedome shold like wel of yt, seing
he setteth not foorth as I understand until the
beginning of May.

I understand that the papists give out secretly in
ix

ILLUSTRATIONS

the towne that there shall shortly come forth a
confutation of the defence of the execution of
justice in England, wch was set foorth in English
and French in London. When yt cometh foorth
I trust to have yt with the first.

There is good hope that the minister and those
that were taken lately with him in Paris by the
abbot of St. Geneveva shal very shortly be set at
libertie. For the King secretly seemeth to favour
them, and they have very discreetly annswered for
themselves that they were not at any communion
or sermon, but that they mett together to consult
whether to goe out of Paris to some place lawful
by the edicte. A friend of myne told mee he heard
a frier enveigh very exceeding bitterly agaynst them
in a sermon before a greate congregation of people.

Wee have heard by diverse letters from Geneva
that beside the earthquake wch was there about
the end of Ffebruarie wch untyled many houses
and overthrow'd many chymneis in the towne,
there is beside a whole village in the countrey of
Wallerye swallowed up, being foure dayes iourney
of Geneva.

Those who favour the Spanish here in the towne
have spred al abroad these two or three dayes that
Monsieur is dead : wch is nothing soe.

Thus leaving other matters and advertisements
of importance to those unto whom they appertayne,
with remembrance of the continuance of my humble
dutie to yo' honor and yo'' worthy and vertuous
Sonne in lawe I leve you to the merciful protection
of the Almightie. Paris the first of April, 1584.
Don Antonio his captaynes of his fleet are not yet
departed from Paris, but looke every day to depart.
Yo" honors most humble

Richard Hakluyt.

To the right honorable Sir Ffrancis Walsingham
principall secretarie to Her Ma*'^ give these
at the Courte.

X

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Plan of London, circa 1573. . . . .120

This plan is reproduced from a copy in the British
Museum of G. Braun and F. Hohenberg's Civitates
Orbis Terrarum, 1573. The 'stiliards* or steelyards
of the Hanse merchants are shown on the north side
of the river, a little to the west of London Bridge.
On the east of the Bridge and opposite the Tower is
the anchorage for ships. Westminster is shown on
the extreme west of the plan with Lambeth Palace
on the opposite bank. Conspicuous objects on the
south side of the river are the rings for the ^ boull *
and * beare ' baiting. It was on land adjacent to
these that the Globe Theatre in which Shakespeare
acted was afterwards built.

PUBLISHERS' NOTE

Professor Walter Raleigh's Essay, which forms the
first portion of this volume, was printed in September,
1904, and the delay in issuing it is due to the great
labour involved in the preparation of the Index.

The Index of each of the separate volumes was com-
piled and checked by Madame Marie Michon, while
the whole has been put together into one alphabet by
Miss Elizabeth Carmont, who has also identified the
names of places. While the greater part of the labour
has fallen on Madame Michon and Miss Carmont,
the Publishers have also to express their obligations
for much assistance received from various sources. The
dates, with the exception of those giving the births and
deaths of the principal personages, are founded on
Hakluyt's text.

Under any circumstances the preparation of an Index
ot such magnitude must have involved difficulties, but
these have been greatly increased by the variety of
spellings which were common in the sixteenth century,
by the frequent references to places under names which
are now obsolete, and to minor characters whom it is
now difficult to identify.

The Publishers cannot hope, notwithstanding the care
bestowed upon it, that the Index is even now free from

PUBLISHERS' NOTE

error, but they trust that it may be of some service to
students of history, and especially to those interested
in Elizabethan Voyages.

The proofs of the whole work, including the Index,
have been read by Mr. S. Douglas Jackson, who has
also written the biographical and descriptive notes which
appear in the list of illustrations at the beginning of
each volume.

Glasgow,
20th April, 1905.

THE TWELFTH VOLUME

OF THE

Principall Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques
and Discoveries of the English Nation

Containing an Essay by Walter Raleigh on

the English Voyages of the Sixteenth

Century and an Index to the

whole work

The English Voyages
of the Sixteenth Century

By Walter Raleigh

' 'T^HE great prose epic of the modern English The Epic

-^ nation ' is itself but an incident or episode in a y^^l^.
greater and wider world-drama. The discovery and
settlement of America by the western peoples of Europe
is the last act in a play which began in the cradle of
the Aryans and which unrolls its vast theme leisurely,
observing none of the unities. In this historical pageant
the hero is often changed ; one nation after another
presses to the front and draws to itself the eyes of all
spectators ; one after another falls from its pre-eminence
and yields its place to a new-comer. For many ages
the light which permits us to follow the fortunes of
humanity is focussed on the Mediterranean ; we witness
the struggle of conflicting civilisations, the rise and fall
of the monarchies of the East, the passionate and lyrical
intrusion of the Greek on the slowly unfolding plot, the
rivalry of Roman and Phoenician, and the grouping of
the actors under the spell of Rome in a towering world-
polity. But the group falls asunder almost before it is
completed; the interest of the action shifts from the

xn

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

centre of the stage, and a new purpose declares itself.
There is confused fighting of Saracen with Christian, the
decoruhi of place and time is no longer observed, alarums
and excursions and the breathless tales of messengers
disturb the even development of the story, until, as on
the stage which vexed the soul of Sir Philip Sidney,
' you shall have Asia of the one side, and Affrick of the
other, and so many other under-kingdoms, that the Player,
when he cometh in, must ever begin with telling where
he is ; or else the tale will not be conceived.' When
the Island race makes its late appearance among the
heroes of this romantic drama, the tale it has to tell is
the diffused and exciting tale embodied in these Principal
Navigations^ Voyages^ Traffiqties^ and Discoveries of the
English Nation, compiled by Richard Hakluyt.

Like the drama to which it belongs, the compilation
of Hakluyt has seemed to some critics to be lacking in

The Quest of form and unity. Here are voyas^es and travels to all
the Far East. ^ , \, j i i j

parts or the world, prosecuted through many ages, under-
taken by all kinds of adventurers, and animated by the
most divers purposes. Men have travelled, as they have
lived, for religion, for wealth, for knowledge, for pleasure,
for power and the overthrow of rivals. Yet no very
profound acquaintance with Hakluyt's book is needed
to discern, as he clearly discerned, the single thread of
interest running through all these pilgrimages. The
discovery of the new Western World followed, as an
incidental consequence, from the long struggle of the
nations of Europe for commercial supremacy and the
control of the traffic with the East. In all the dreams
of the politicians and merchants, sailors and geographers,
who pushed back the limits of the unknown world, there

THE VOYAGERS

is the same glitter of gold and precious stones, the same
odour of far-fetched spices. While the main trade routes
to the East still lay overland, the maritime states of
Italy, Genoa and Venice, held the keys of that traffic. Venice and
By their rivalry navigation was improved ; the mariner's ^^^'^'^'
compass came into general use early in the Fifteenth
Century ; and although the power of Genoa was broken
by the surrender of her fleet at Chiozza in 1380, her
ancient enemy was not left for long in undisputed posses-
sion. Beyond the gates of the Mediterranean a new rival
arose ; and during the whole of the Fifteenth Century,
the Portuguese, having learned their craft from the Italians, Portugal.
were steadily creeping down the western coast of Africa,
rounding capes, discovering islands, making maps and
charts, always with the same hope of finding a new and
safer passage to the markets of the East. In the year
1410 Prince Henry the Navigator, a younger son of
King John 1 of Portugal, began his systematic explora-
tions. His aims and methods were those which, in a
later age, Hakluyt constantly recommended to the
government of England. He established a naval college,
and called to his service the best science of the time.
In 141 9 Madeira was discovered. In 1439 Cape Bojador
was rounded, and, seven years later. Cape de Verde. Voyagers
In 1448 settlements were established on the Azores or
Hawk Islands. So, step by step, advance was made,
until, in i486, Bartholomew Diaz doubled the Cape of
Good Hope, and in 1498, hwQ and a half years after the
first voyage of Columbus, Vasco de Gama crossed the
Indian Ocean and cast anchor on the coast of Malabar.
Thus the way was opened by sea to China and Japan,
and the Portuguese, by their own labours, and by the

3

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Papal Bull of Pope Martin V, granted in 1444, came
into possession of all the lands they had visited, as far
as the Indies.

Spain. To a Spaniard of the later Fifteenth Century the

politics of Europe must have worn something the same
aspect that they wore for an Englishman of the Six-
teenth. The world had been divided among rival
claimants, and his country had been left portionless.
But it was not by the genius of a Spaniard that the
balance was redressed. Christopher Columbus, a Genoese,
who had passed his youth in the commerce and wars
of the Mediterranean, settled in Lisbon about 1470,
married the daughter of one of Prince Henry's men,
and devoted himself to map-making and the study of
navigation, diversified by occasional cruises to the coast
of Guinea. At Lisbon, which was the headquarters
of the best and latest school of navigation, he was kept
in touch with the progress of Portuguese discovery, and
must have learned all there was to know concerning
the difficulties and dangers of the circumnavigation of
Africa, and the hopes that inspired the Portuguese in
their unceasing eiforts. He was a dreamer, a grave and
pious man, of a simple mind, and great tenacity of

The Scheme of imagination. To him there came the idea that Cathay,
^^ ^^- ^\^Q ultimate goal of all Eastern travel, and Cipangu,
* the richest island in the world for gold and spices,'
might best be reached by striking directly across the
trackless Atlantic. Memories of his reading, whether
in boyhood at the University of Pavia, or in the hours
of study stolen from an active life, confirmed him, by the
opinions of the Ancients, and the mistakes of mediaeval
geographers, in his belief that the width of the Atlantic

4

THE VOYAGERS

was easily passable, and that on the other side, over
against the coast of Spain, lay the fabled riches of China
and Japan. He planned his voyage to America because
he believed that no such country existed ; and he died
without being undeceived.

The story of Columbus has been told a hundred times,
and need not be repeated at length. His overtures Offered to
to King John II of Portugal came to nothing, from ^'^^^^S^^-
causes readily intelligible and eternally operative in the
affairs of this world. A great man*s ideas are too broad
and simple to be understood by the trained official
mind. The King referred the proposal of Columbus
to a council of bishops, astronomers, and learned persons.
The fame of the Portuguese school of navigation stood
high ; the exploration of the coast of Africa and the
use of the astrolabe at sea were among its most recent
achievements ; and the school-bred geographers and
professors of navigation were in no mind to listen
patiently to the projects of a private visionary. Never-
theless the confidence and enthusiasm of Columbus made
an impression on some of his judges, and, at the in-
stigation of the bishop of Ceuta, a caravel was surrepti-
tiously equipped and despatched to attempt the adventure.
The seamen lost heart ; the attempt failed ; and when
this piece of sharp practice came to the knowledge of
Columbus he left Portugal, in 1484, to offer his services
elsewhere. For years his scheme went a-begging. It
was during this time, in 1488, that he sent his brother
Bartholomew into England with an offer to King Henry Jnd to
VII. Bartholomew fell into the hands of pirates, and ^^S^"^^^-
was long delayed in his journey, so that when at last he
returned to Spain to notify King Henry's joyful accept-

5

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

ance of the offer, he was too late ; the patronage of
Ferdinand and Isabella had already been obtained, and
Columbus had set sail for the West. The pirates, in
the pursuit of their calling, were ' the occasion,' as
Hakluyt has it, ' why the West Indies were not dis-
covered for England/ The time of England was not
yet come.

A striking contrast might be drawn between the two
nations, Spain, which gained the whole credit and profit
of the enterprise of Columbus, and England, which so
The shipmen narrowly missed it. A hundred years later, in the defeat
oj ngan . ^^ ^^ Great Armada, the contrast was to be pointed, but
already it was apparent. 'The English sailors,' wrote
Ferdinand's ambassador at the Court of King Henry
VII, ' are generally savages.' They were unchanged
since the days of Chaucer, and picked up a living,
without loss of temper, from a precarious coasting trade
and adventures not easily distinguishable from piracy.
The character of the English sailor is the most inalter-
able and valuable of national assets ; while the British
Constitution has moved from precedent to precedent,
he has remained the same. His life is a hard one, but
he takes it as it comes. He is untouched by the formal
punctilios of the cavalier and the cankered scruples of the
puritan. He is careless of the graces and ornaments
of life. Though he has a warm heart, he is no humani-
tarian. Danger is his daily companion, and he has
learned the lesson of Sir Edward Howard, that a seaman
is useless unless he is resolute to the degree of madness.
Above all, he is alert and serious in what concerns his
craft. Of all professions, the sailor is habituated to
subordinate himself most completely to the necessities

6

THE VOYAGERS

of the work to be done. We know little of the English

sailors of the time of King Henry VII. But we know

them at an earlier time, and we shall meet them again

later, in the day of their triumph.

When Columbus arrived at Cordova, in i486, to lay

his propositions before the allied monarchs of Castile and

Arragon, he found there a Court and a nation little

disposed to pay attention to nautical adventure. The

campaign against the Moors for the conquest of Granada

was being inaugurated with all the pomp and splendour

of mediaeval chivalry. Decadent feudalism, trained in Thej:avahers

^ _ of Spain,

the stately formalities of Courts and the subtleties of

Catholic theology, was to have the task of conquering
and settling the West Indies. But the hidalgos and
cavaliers who thronged with their retinues to the camp
at Cordova had no foreboding of their destiny. Many
of them were to be lost at sea, or to die miserably in
remote islands, at the bidding of the poor man in simple
apparel who was unable to gain a hearing from them.
In the meantime Spain, with the infidel at her gates,
cared little for the sea. The marvel is not that Columbus
crossed the Atlantic, but that by his resolute importunity
he secured the help of the Court of Spain. His scheme
was little understood; but in Spain religion is under-
stood, and, by long cherishing, his belief in his mission
had acquired the intensity and the elevation of a creed.
It was this which won him the friendship of Friar Juan
Perez, at the convent of La Rabida, and it was this which,
in the end, secured for him the whole-hearted sympathy
and support of Isabella of Castile. In October, 1492,
he landed at San Salvador in the Bahama Islands.
By the conquest and settlement of Cuba and the West

7

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Indies Spain entered on her career as a candidate for the

The Bull of dominion of the world. To avoid an internecine struggle

between Spain and Portugal, Pope Alexander VI, who

was a Spaniard by birth, issued, in 1493, his famous Bull,

whereby the world was divided by a line running from

pole to pole a hundred leagues west of the Azores, and

all newly discovered lands to east and west of this line

assigned in absolute possession to the crowns of Portugal

and Castile respectively. For the next half-century both

Spain and Portugal were busy in consolidating and

extending their domains, little disturbed by newer

competitors.

But the tale of the nations was not yet complete.

Venice, Genoa, Portugal and Spain were to be followed

by France and England in the race for the Far East.

Italian Each of these latter countries, like Spain, owed its earliest
Navigators. . • r t i- •

impulse to the genius of an Italian navigator. One land

sent forth the masters of the Old World and the dis-
coverers of the New ; though they were never to enter
into their inheritance, they saw it with their eyes ; and
the beginnings of modern science, art, and civilisation are
John Cabot, the debt of the world to Italy. In 1497, John Cabot, a
citizen of Venice who had settled as a trader at Bristol,
having obtained letters patent from King Henry VII,
sailed with two ships out of Bristol and discovered the
coast of Labrador. As his was the first expedition to
reach the mainland of America, which Columbus never
set eyes on till a year later, much has been made in con-
troversy of the priority of the English claim. But indeed
in these timid beginnings nothing was further from the
purpose of England than to enter on a contest with other
powers for the possession of America. The success of

8

THE VOYAGERS

Columbus had set the court of King Henry aflame

with the promise that it offered of a direct route to

Cathay, ' insomuch that all men, with great admiration,

affirmed it to be a thing more divine than human,

to sail by the West into the East, where the spices

grow, by a way that was never known before.' Shortly

after this it was ascertained that beyond America there

lay a halcyon sea, yielding direct access to the promised

land. In 15 13 Vasco Nunez de Balboa, from a height The Pacific

above his colony at Darien, saw the Pacific Ocean ; and ^^^^^'^^^^^•

in 1520 the Portuguese navigator, Magellan, rounded

South America through the straits that bear his name,

and sailed across the Pacific to the Philippines, where

he met his death.

From this time forward, for many years, the aim of
European navigators was not to explore or settle
America, rather to discover a passage whereby America
might be avoided, and a way opened to the lands
beyond. But the progress of investigation revealed no
break in that great barrier. The French voyagers, who. The French
like the English, followed the lead of a native of Italy, ^^y^S^^^^-
were long buoyed up by the hope of finding a better
route than the Straits of Magellan, which were far south,
dangerous to navigate, and, moreover, were in the
possession of Spain. In 1523, Giovanni Verazzano,
a Florentine in the service of King Francis I, explored
the coast of what is now the United States, from Georgia
northward, and of great part of Canada. He was
followed by the brothers Parmentier ; by Jacques Cartier,
who in 1535 sailed up the St. Lawrence and discovered
and named Montreal ; by the Sieur de Roberval ; and
many others. To the earliest voyagers, as in the earliest

9

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

maps, America was known as a chain of islands, and

The barrier ^j^^j-e was something: inherently incredible in the idea of
continent. • • -vt

a great continent stretching North and South over the

tropical and temperate zones. When that idea was

accepted, there remained a last hope, the discovery of a

passage through one of the innumerable inlets of the

North, whereby the nations situated in colder seas than

those of Spain might redeem their disadvantages, and

claim a share in the spoils of the world. It is at this

point that the story of the English Voyages begins.

The actions that move the world have been prompted

and inspired by dreams and visions. The search for

the philosopher's stone laid the foundations of modern

chemistry ; modern travel and geography owe their chief

Cathay. advances to the search for the fabled realm of Cathay.

Traditions and fantasies concerning the Golden Age and

the Earthly Paradise are interwoven with all the practical

designs of the early navigators. The poets of the ancient

world are the true fathers of later science. So early as

the sixth century the monk Cosmas, in his Universal

Christian Topography^ states the object of many a later

The Earthly quest. ' If Paradise,' he says, ' were really on the

Paradise. surface of this world, is there not many a man among

those who are so keen to learn and search out everything,

that would not let himself be deterred from reaching it }

When we see that there are men who will not be deterred

from penetrating to the ends of the earth in search of

silk, and all for the sake of filthy lucre, how can we

believe that they would be deterred from going to get

a sight of Paradise?' All through the Middle Ages

the dream held sway, and Paradise was sought in the

East. Columbus, seeking it by another route, believed

THE VOYAGERS

that he was near it when, on his third voyage, he came

to the mouths of the Orinoco, and found a mild climate,

green hills, fresh foliage, and a people light in colour

and graceful in form. The earth, he explains, is probably Columbus on

not spherical, but elongated like a pear, and on the ^^^P^ ^/^^^

summit of the protuberance is situated the Earthly

Paradise, * whither no one can go but by God's

permission.' ' I think also,' he goes on, ' that the

water I have described may proceed from it, though

it be far off, and that stopping at the place I have just

left, it forms this lake. There are great indications of

this being the terrestrial paradise, for its site coincides

with the opinion of the holy and wise theologians

whom I have mentioned ; and moreover, the other

evidences agree with the supposition, for I have never

either read or heard of fresh water coming in so large

a quantity, in close conjunction with the water of the

sea; the idea is also corroborated by the blandness of

the temperature ; and if the water of which I speak,

does not proceed from the Earthly Paradise, it appears

to be still more marvellous, for I do not believe that

there is any river in the world so large or so deep.'

Whether approached by the East or by the West, this

Earthly Paradise was to be sought, all were agreed, in

the neighbourhood of Cathay.

This great kingdom of the East had long been dimly
known as an object of curiosity and wonder. By the
revival of Christianity at the time of St. Francis and St. Franciscan
Dominic a great impulse was given to missionary travel, ^^"^°^^^^^^'
and the marvellous tales brought back by wandering
friars took a firm hold on the imagination of Europe.
Rubruquis, a Flemish Franciscan, who, about the middle

II

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

The Fountain
of Youth.

Marco Polo.

of the thirteenth century, was sent by St. Louis on a
mission to the Tartar chiefs, brought back the report
that ' there is a certain province on the other side of
Cathay, and whatever a man's age be when he enters
that province he never gets any older/ The friar is
careful to add that he does not believe a word of this
report, but it found credence from others, and so late
as 1 5 12 Juan Ponce de Leon, an old Spanish cavalier,
Governor of Puerto Rico, landed in Florida while he
was cruising in search of a country alleged to contain
a miraculous Fountain of Youth. Besides Rubruquis
there were other friars whose accounts of the East
were well known to later explorers. John of Piano
Carpini in the Thirteenth Century was followed later
by John of Monte Corvino, who passed many years
of his life at the Court of the Grand Khan of Cathay,
founded a flourishing Christian community, built a
church, and was made Archbishop of Cambalu, or Pekin.
Odoric of Pordenone was, like these, a Franciscan ; his
residence at Pekin belongs to the early part of the
Fourteenth Century. The reports brought by these
travellers of the survival of some remnants of Nestorian
Christianity in the East lent colour to the legend of
Prester John, the mythical Christian potentate, who
continued to be an object of research down to the time
of the Portuguese voyages. The greatest of all mediaeval
travellers, Marco Polo, who spent a quarter of a century,
from 1 27 1 to 1295, in the East, was a Venetian of a
noble merchant family, and did more perhaps than any
other writer to excite interest in the glories of Cathay.
The accounts given by Marco Polo and Odoric, long
believed to be adorned and heightened by fables, have

THE VOYAGERS

come to be recognised as veracious and exact narratives,

erring here and there only from natural misconceptions.

Their descriptions of the Great Khan's Court, of the KhublaKkan,

magnificence of his retinue, and the resources and extent

of his Empire, might well excite Western curiosity and

stimulate the efforts of voyagers. It was not without

reason that Hakluyt included in his compilation the

stories of some of these Eastern travellers ; without them

his epic would lack its true beginning. The travels

of Marco Polo were too well known to be inserted,

but they are essential to the completeness of the

book.

The quest of Cathay, then, is the main theme
of this long poem of adventure ; it is the purpose
and soul of centuries of travel. But the theme is
diversified with episodes and digressions and underplots.
The singleness of an enterprise is not necessarily re-
flected in the minds and hearts of all who take part in
it. Men who left their homes, and sailed to an unknown
world, were influenced by the most diverse motives,
political or religious, commercial or scientific. In not
a few cases the ' good unsought discoveries ' made by
the way caused the original purpose to be forgotten.
The Letters of Columbus, at the outset of the history,
foreshadow some later developments. Columbus him- '^^^ ^^^^^ of
self was full of zeal for the spread of Christianity, and
the increase of knowledge. But it was necessary to show
that his expedition would pay its promoters in temporal
coin. ' I gave to the subject,' he says in the account
of his Third Voyage, * six or seven years of great
anxiety, explaining, to the best of my ability, how great
service might be done to our Lord, by this undertaking,

13

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

in promulgating His sacred name and our holy faith
among so many nations ; — an enterprise so exalted in
itself, and so calculated to enhance the glory and
immortalize the renown of the greatest sovereigns. It
was also requisite to refer to the temporal prosperity,
which was foretold in the writings of so many trustworthy
and wise historians, who related that great riches were
to be found in those parts. And at the same time I
thought it desirable to bring to bear upon the subject,
the sayings and opinions of those who have written
upon the geography of the world. And finally, your
Highnesses came to the determination that the under-
The spread of taking should be entered upon.' To add a whole realm
nsttantty. ^^ Christendom was in the opinion of Columbus a
sufficient object and reward. The people of the West
Indian islands, he says, ' all clearly understand each
other's speech, a circumstance very propitious for the
realization of what I conceive to be the principal wish
of our most serene King, namely, the conversion of
these people to the holy faith of Christ.' And again, —
' Let the King and Queen, our Princes and their most
happy Kingdoms, and all the other provinces of Christen-
dom, render thanks to our Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ, who has granted us so great a victory and such
prosperity. Let processions be made, and sacred feasts
be held, and the temples be adorned with festive boughs.
Let Christ rejoice on earth, as he rejoices in heaven in
the prospect of the salvation of the souls of so many
nations hitherto lost. Let us also rejoice, as well on
account of the exaltation of our faith, as on account of
the increase of our temporal prosperity, of which not
only Spain, but all Christendom wiU be partakers.'

14

THE VOYAGERS

To reinforce this magnanimous and generous motive The increase of

Columbus quotes instances ' of what great princes ^^^'^^^^i^-

throughout the world have done to increase their fame :

as, for example, Solomon, who sent from Jerusalem to the

uttermost parts of the East, to see Mount Sopora, in

which expedition his ships were detained three years ;

and which mountain your Highnesses now possess in

the island of Hispaniola ; . . . Alexander, who sent

to observe the mode of Government in the island of

Taprobana, in India ; and Cassar Nero, to explore the

sources of the Nile, and to learn the causes of its

increase in the Spring, when water is needed ; and

many other mighty deeds which princes have done, and

which it is allotted to princes to achieve.' Lastly,

there is 'the recent noble example of the Kings q{ The example

^ ° of Portugal

Portugal, who have had the courage to explore as far

as Guinea, and to make the discovery of it, expending
so much gold and so many lives in the undertaking,
that a calculation of the population of the kingdom
would show that one half of them have died in Guinea ;
and though it is now a long time since they com-
menced these great exertions, the return for their labour
and expense has hitherto been but trifling ; this people
has also dared to make conquests in Africa, and to
carry on their exploits to Ceuta, Tangier, Algiers, and
Alcazar, repeatedly giving battle to the Moors ; and all
this at great expense ; simply because it was an exploit
worthy of a prince, undertaken for the service of God,
and to advance the enlargement of His Kingdom.' In
consonance with these aims, the behaviour of Columbus Columbus and
to the natives of Hispaniola was ordered by the loftiest the Indians.
code of a Spanish gentleman. ' I gave,' he says, ' to

15

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

all I approached whatever articles I had about me, such
as cloth and many other things, taking nothing of theirs
in return : but they are naturally timid and fearful.
Indian As soon however as they see that they are safe, and
virtues, have laid aside all fear, they are very simple and
honest, and exceedingly liberal with all they have ;
none of them refusing anything he may possess when
he is asked for it, but on the contrary inviting us to
ask them. They exhibit great love towards all others
in preference to themselves ; they also give objects of
great value for trifles, and content themselves with
very little or nothing in return. I however forbade
that these trifles and articles of no value (such as pieces
of dishes, plates, and glass, keys, and leather straps)
should be given to them, although if they could obtain
them, they imagined themselves to be possessed of
the most beautiful trinkets in the world. . . . They
bartered, like idiots, cotton and gold for fragments of
bows, glasses, bottles and jars ; which I forbade, as
being unjust, and myself gave them many beautiful and
acceptable articles which I had brought with me, taking
nothing from them in return ; I did this in order that
I might the more easily conciliate them, that they might
be led to become Christians, and be inclined to enter-
tain a regard for the King and Queen, our Princes, and
The fate of all Spaniards.' With this fair dawn of mutual courtesy,
ispamoa, gi^j^gj-^y^ ^^^ ^h^ traffic of honourable men, began a
day of pillage and cruelty and devastation such as the
world has seldom seen. Twelve years after the first
landing of Columbus the five great tribes of Hispaniola
were all but exterminated. Many of the Indians
perished by the sword, many under the lash of the

16

THE VOYAGERS

Spanish task-master ; others died of hunger in the
mountains, or took their own and their children's lives,
to escape from the cruelty of Spain. The successive
names of the island — Hispaniola, San Domingo, Hayti —
embody its miserable history. The generous and gentle
designs of Queen Isabella gave way to a persecution
worthy of the fierce St. Dominic, and when the Indians
were dead, ' by sundry kinds of death,' the island was
peopled with imported negroes, under whose govern-
ment at last it fell. In the full Nineteenth Century,
the gold-laced officials of the Black Republic have been
known to retire by night to the mountains, to celebrate
their magic rites, attended by human sacrifice.

Presages and omens of this tragedy are to be found
even in the Letters of Columbus. There are oft-repeated The search
mentions of gold. 'You will say to their Highnesses,' ^°^ ^
he writes to Antonio de Torres, * that I should have
ardently desired to send them a larger quantity of
gold, . . . but that the greater part of the people we
employed fell suddenly ill.' Again, — ' I think it will
be impossible to go this year to make discoveries until
arrangements have been made to work the two rivers,
in which the gold has been found, in the most profit-
able manner for their Highnesses' interest.' Again, —

* We hope, with the aid of God and with the washers Providence
that we have here with us, when they shall be restored ^. ushers
to health, to send a good quantity of gold by the

first caravels that shall leave for Spain.' And later, —

* Though we have not sent home ships laden with gold,
we have, nevertheless, sent satisfactory samples, both of
gold and of other valuable commodities, by which it may
be judged that in a short time large profit may be

XII 17 E

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

derived/ The pressure put on him to get gold, no
matter how, was unremitting. 'With respect to the
gold,* he writes again, ' which belongs to Quibian,
the cacique of Veragua, and other chiefs in the neigh-
bouring country, although it appears by the accounts we
have received of it to be very abundant, I do not think it
would be well or desirable, on the part of your High-
nesses, to take possession of it in the way of plunder :
by fair dealing, scandal and disrepute will be avoided,
and all the gold will thus reach your Highnesses' treasury
without the loss of a grain/ In the same letter, written
in 1503, he complains of the class of adventurers whom
gold allures, and who make the voyage only for plunder.
Yet Columbus, though he was disgusted by the self-
interest and narrow outlook of these gold-seekers, did
not fail to appreciate the significance and importance of
The import- a Store of gold. ' Gold,' he says, ' is the most precious
anceofgo . ^f ^j] commodities; gold constitutes treasure, and he who
possesses it has all he needs in this world, as also the
means of rescuing souls from purgatory, and restoring
them to the enjoyment of paradise.' His opinion, so far
as it concerns this world, was to be echoed later by many
a patriotic Englishman who urged that the strength of the
King of Spain lay in his treasure, and that he could be
most effectively attacked in the New World.
The complex So, as the drama proceeds, the plot thickens. He
^l^Vo^alet ^^^ would make an epic of it must follow a single
strand of the twisted yarn. But this is work for the poet
rather than the historian. The late Mr. Froude, with a
poet's instinct for unity, chose to regard the whole story
of the English Voyages as an aspect of the Protestant
Reformation. Many other equally promising aspects

18

THE VOYAGERS

invite a similar treatment. The fascination and the
power of gold ; the doom of the races of America, met
by them with a tragic simplicity ; the pathos of Christian
missions ; the romance of map-making ; or the tardy
growth, when all else had failed, of the idea of coloni-
sation ; these and many other things may be severally
disentangled from the complicated web of history, and
trusted as a clue. History, which takes for its hero that The drama of
many-sided creature, man, must reckon with all of these, ^^^^^^y-
and exhibit a stage where pirates, buccaneers, and slave-
traders rub shoulders with saints and seers, where martyrs
to science and religion are associated with politicians and
misers ; and where, to complete the disorder, most of the
actors play many parts. It is permissible, at least, to
simplify the problem by concentrating attention on the
fortunes of a single nation. The history of the English
Voyages is the most important chapter in the history of
the English nation, and the preface to the history of
the British Empire.

During the half-century after the voyage of John
Cabot, a period more than covered by the long life of
his son, Sebastian Cabot, English exploration made but
little progress. There were sundry expeditions, fitted
out at Bristol, to the New-found-land, and some worthless
commodities, as well as three natives of the island, were
brought back and displayed to King Henry VII. The
first of these voyages was undertaken by Sebastian Cabot, The
after the death of his father, in 1498; he failed to ^fp^^ff 9f
penetrate the North, and coasted America southward to voyaging to
Florida. But this southern tendency, which might bring ^^^ ^^^*'
England into conflict with Spain, was not encouraged
by the King; and when Henry VIII succeeded to the

19

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

throne, Sebastian Cabot was relegated to the safer employ
of making charts of the coast of France. In 15 12 he
went to Spain, and for the next thirty-six years, with
one brief interval after the death of Ferdinand, he was
in the service of the Spanish government. On the
accession of Edward VI he returned to England, at a
time when a fresh impulse was given to English naviga-
tion. But in the meantime the dominion of the New
The progress World had been strengthened in foreign hands. While
^ ^^^^' Mexico and Peru were being added to the dominion of
Spain, the voyages made by the English, under King
Henry VIII, were few and profitless. In 1 5 1 7 Sir Thomas
Pert, assisted by Cabot, attempted the North West passage,
without success. In 1527 a nameless canon of St. Paul's
in London, who was ' a great mathematician, and a man
endowed with wealth,' fitted out two ships for Labrador,
where one of them was lost. In 1536 Master Hore,
a learned lawyer, took a company of a hundred to the
same coast, whence, their stores being exhausted, they
returned in a stolen French ship. It was to speak with
the only surviving witness of this voyage, one Master
Thomas Buts, that Hakluyt, at a much later date,
travelled two hundred miles on horseback. But the
most important document of this early period is ' the
Book made by the right worshipful Master Robert
Thome's Thorne,' in the year 1527, where the true policy of
^^^^f^^^^ England is outlined and discussed at length. Thorne,

the Northern ^ . r - ^ ^ r • ^ r r-1

passage. who was a native of Bristol and a friend of the Cabots,
dwelt long in Seville, and his writings show traces of the
later sententious courtly style which Guevara brought
to perfection. In 1513 he exhorted King Henry to
take the business of discovery in hand; fourteen years

20

THE VOYAGERS

later, at the request of the English ambassador, he

expounded his ideas at length. The world, he says,

has been divided between the Kings of Spain and of

Portugal, and he gives an account of the contested

ownership of the Philippines, which he takes to be the

richest prize of all. For ' the preciousness of these

things is measured after the distance that is between

us and the things that we have appetite unto ' ; moreover,

the inhabitants of these spice islands ' set more by a

knife and a nail of iron than by his quantity of gold.'

But the way to these islands is barred to us. The The zvay to

Spaniards hold the westward route, by the Straits of ^^^ ^^'^^

Magellan ; the Portuguese the eastward, by the Cape of

Good Hope. The English have left to them but one

way to discover, and that is by the North. If the seas

toward the North be navigable, we may go to these

spice islands a shorter way by two thousand leagues

than Spain and Portugal, who have each of them more

than four thousand leagues to traverse. 'And,* says

Master Thorne, anticipating an objection which, forty

years later, became a burning question of practical politics,

' though we went not to the said islands, for that they

are the Emperor's, or King's of Portingale, we should

by the way, and coming once to the line equinoctial,

find lands no less rich of gold and spicery, as all other

lands are under the said line equinoctial ; and also should,

if we may pass under the North, enjoy the navigation

of all Tartary, which should be no less profitable to our

commodities of cloth, than these spiceries to the Emperor

and King of Portingale.' But the Northern seas, it

may be objected, are blocked with ice ; and the Northern perils of the

lands are too cold for man to dwell in. To which T^orth.

21

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

objection Master Thorne replies in a single sentence,
fit to be inscribed as a head-line on the charter of
Britannia — There is no land unhabitable^ nor sea
innavigable.

It was in this belief, and in this heroic temper, that
England set herself to take possession of her heritage,
the North. The adventures to the North West had
been but poorly rewarded ; and for a time attention was
turned to the possibility of reaching Cathay by way of
The North the North East. At the close of the reign of Edward
East Voyages, yj ^ Company of Merchant Adventurers was formed ' for
the discovery of Regions, Dominions, Islands, and places
unknown ' ; Sebastian Cabot, now in advanced old age,
was made its governor; and in May, 1553, three ships,
under the leadership of Sir Hugh Willoughby and
Richard Chancelor, were despatched for the Northern
coasts of Asia. They carried with them letters from King
Edward VI, written in Latin, and opportunely addressed
' to all Kings, Princes, Rulers, Judges, and Governors of
the Earth, and all other having any excellent dignity on
the same, in all places under the universal heaven.'
Willoughby and Chancelor were separated by a storm,
and Willoughby, after reaching Nova Zembla, put back
and landed with his two ships' companies on the coast
of Lapland. Here they wintered, and here they all
Richard died of cold and hunger. Chancelor, with his single

Chancelor. ^^^^^ j^^j better fortune. He too was obliged to turn
back, but he established friendly relations with the
fisher folk in the neighbourhood of the White Sea,
and, when news of the visit of strangers reached the
Emperor of Russia, he was invited with all his com-
pany to the Court at Moscow. His account of the

22

THE VOYAGERS

Kingdom of Muscovy led the Merchant Adventurers to
concentrate their efforts on developing trade with Trade with
Russia, and gave a motive to further voyaging. Chan-
celor himself was cast away and drowned on the coast
of Scotland in 1556, as he was bringing the first
Russian ambassador to the Court of England, but his
work went on. Stephen Burrough, who had served
under him, in the same year explored the coast of Nova
Zembla; and Anthony Jenkinson, in 1558, went as far
as Bokhara to seek for an overland route to Cathay.
The last of the North Eastern voyages was undertaken
by Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman in the year
1580. They sailed as far as the Sea of Kara, but the ice
and fogs were too much for them ; Jackman never
reached home, and the failure of the expedition cast grave
doubts on the possibility of reaching Cathay by the
North East. By this time, moreover, Frobisher's voyages
to the North West had awakened hopes of gold to be
found in that inhospitable region ; and Hawkins and
Drake, by their exploits in the Spanish Indies, had
begun a new era in English navigation, and given a
new direction to English policy. In the excitement of
these later developments the North East passage was
forgotten.

When the North West attempt, after a lapse of many
years, was again taken up, it led to far-reaching conse-
quences. The only incidental gain of the North Eastern
voyages was the establishment of trading relations with
Russia. There was no word of treasure to be found
on the frozen Siberian coast, no prospect of settlement
there, and the voyagers came into conflict with no rival
nations. The search for gold, the beginnings of colonisa-

23

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

tion, and the gradual entanglement of England in a
death-struggle with Spain are developments intimately

The North connected with the voyages to the North West. Many

West Foy ages. r ^i

■^ ^ or the seamen,

^ Feared by their breed and famous by their birth/
who were to be the terror of the Spaniards upon the
high seas, had their hard training in this forlorn hope.
When England found herself baffled in her efforts to
escape from her ring-fence by way of the North, she
struck Southwards ; timidly at first, then, surprised and
elated by her own success, with ever increasing vigour,
until, after a few years, the small barks that cruised
to Greenland and Labrador gave way to armed fleets,
prepared to assert a right of way and a right of conquest
in all the seven seas.

The suddenness and rapidity of this development
might well surprise the world. The English naval
power, like the English drama, seemed to be the growth
of a single night. In either case, hidden causes had
been at work ; the power that startled Europe had long
been nurtured in the quiet. Yet these causes are so
obscure, and seem so inadequate, that it is difficult to
put off the language of miracle. Fuller frankly invokes
a special Providence. ' Observe, by the way,' he says,
in narrating the death of Captain Edward Fenton, in
Queen 1603, some days after Queen Elizabeth's, 'how God

Elizabeths ^^^ ^p ^ generation of military men, both by sea and
land, which began and expired with the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, like a suit of clothes made for her, and
worn out with her; for Providence designing a peace-
able prince to succeed her (in whose time martial men
would be rendered useless), so ordered the matter, that

24

men

THE VOYAGERS

they all almost attended their mistress before or after,
within some short distance, unto her grave.* However
this may be, no language is extravagant to praise the
deeds of the greatest generation of Englishmen, the
generation of Drake and Raleigh, of Bacon and Hooker,
of Shakespeare and Marlowe. If the names of Queen
Elizabeth's men, the men born in the early part of her
reign, or just before it, were struck off the roll of
fame, England would be robbed of half her glory.

It was one of the eldest-born of these, Humphrey SirHumphrey
Gilbert, the son of a Devon gentleman, who revived the
North West project. He had been trained, during the
years of peace, in that school of war, government, and
adventure which gave Elizabeth the best of her servants.
Under Sir Henry Sidney, in Ireland, he had spent years
of warfare with the rebels, and for his achievements there
was knighted. Thence he had passed to the Low
Countries, where he headed a band of volunteers to
give help to the people of the Netherlands in their
struggle with Alva and the power of Spain. In these The School for
rough experiences of Continental war and Irish govern- ^'^^^^i^^^-
ment Raleigh also was trained, and Grenville ; while
Hawkins and Frobisher were learning their elements in
trade and piracy on the coast of Guinea. With all its
evil lessons of cruelty and craft, it was a school that
fostered reckless courage and self-confidence in its pupils,
and gave leaders to all kinds of perilous adventure.
During his periods of active service, Gilbert cherished,
deep in his heart, the dream of Cathay. He plotted a
North East passage with Jenkinson ; and, when that
scheme was thwarted, bent his studies to the West. He
repeatedly importuned Queen Elizabeth for assistance ;

25

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Gilberfs Dis-
course on the
North West
passage.

The cunning
ignorance of
Spain.

and in a period of enforced idleness, about 1574, he
wrote the Discourse to prove a Passage by the North-west to
Cathaia and the East Indies ; which was published in 1576,
and begat the voyages of Frobisher and Davis.

Gilbert's argument is so full and reasonable, so fair in
its treatment of objections, and so strong in its appeal to
tradition and authority, that it is no wonder if many were
convinced by it. America, he says, is an island, and was
known by report to Plato and the ancients, who called it
Atlantis. If it be joined at its northern extremity with
the continent of Asia, how comes it that no civilised man
has ever found his way to America by land, and that the
animals of America differ wholly from the animals of
Asia.'' Need makes the old wife to trot, and the
Scythians and Tartars would have found their way there,
if any way had been by land. The current of the sea
is known to run westward from the Cape of Good
Hope, and on striking America is deflected along the
coast to the North. If it found no outlet there, it would
run eastward again to the coast of Europe, which it does
not do ; therefore there is a fair and broad waterway from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, somewhere between the 62 nd
and the 72nd parallels of latitude. But if a passage had
existed, it may be said, it would have been discovered
long ago by the navigators of Spain and Portugal. This
objection is met in triumphant fashion by Gilbert. It is
against the interest of these nations that a passage should
be found ; and he repeats a tale of Ulloa, that the King
of Portugal gave the Emperor Charles V three hundred
and fifty thousand crowns to leave the discovery un-
attempted. 'It is to be thought,' he adds, 'that the
King of Portugal would not have given to the Emperor

26

THE VOYAGERS

such sums of money for eggs in moonshine/ The pilots

of these nations are now forbidden, on pain of death,

to explore to the North West, lest they ' should beat the

bush, and other men catch the birds.' The enterprise is

reserved for the English, who have most to gain by it.

And Gilbert concludes with a declaration of the antique Gilbert's

Roman faith which inspired his life — ' He is not worthy ^^^^ '

to live at all, that for fear or danger of death shunneth

his Country's service and his own honour ; seeing death

is inevitable, and the fame of virtue immortal.'

The influence of Gilbert's Discourse was seen imme- ^^^ ^^^^^
diately in the voyages of Frobisher and Davis. After a ;^;^^f^^
vain attempt to stir up the Muscovy Company (as the Frobisher.
Merchant Adventurers were now called) to Western
enterprise, Queen Elizabeth granted, in 1575, a licence
to Martin Frobisher ; the Court and the City stood in with
the adventure, which was largely financed and controlled
by Michael Lock, a London merchant of scientific
tastes; and in 1576, with two small barks of twenty-five
tons and a pinnace, Frobisher set sail. The pinnace was
wrecked, and the barks separated, but Frobisher in the
Gabriel reached Meta Incognita, or Cumberland's Island,
made acquaintance with the Esquimaux, and partly
explored the inlet to which he gave its optimistic name
of Frobisher's Straits. The expedition was without
substantial results in discovery or profit, and but for an
accident, would hardly have been repeated. One of the
company chanced to pick up and bring home a piece
of shining black stone, which the assayers of London
tested and pronounced to be rich in gold. So Frobisher
was despatched again next year, his small fleet reinforced
with a vessel of two hundred tons' burthen, lent by the

27

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Queen. The worthless stuff he brought home did not
extinguish the hopes of the promoters, and in 1578 he
put out once more, this time in command of no fewer
than fourteen vessels. But his success was no greater
than before. His explorations were hampered by the
quest for gold ore, and the outcome of his three voyages
was the discovery of Hudson*s Straits, much recrimination
among the undertakers, and no gold. A fourth ex-
pedition was planned, but when at last it was ready
for sea, the command was given to Captain Fenton,
and its purpose changed to piracy in the South Seas.
The return of Drake in 1580, treasure-laden from his
voyage round the world, had cast a pallor upon Northern
enterprise.
The three The three voyages of John Davis, in 1585 and the

oyiges of ^^^ following years, were the last Elizabethan effort
to discover the North West passage. It is a testimony
to the geographical enthusiasm of the time that these
voyages were undertaken in the very years when the
Spanish invasion of England was imminent. Like
Frobisher, Davis found a wealthy merchant patron and
support in high quarters ; like Frobisher, he was crippled
in his explorations by the necessities of gain. Some of
his ships were told off for cod-fishing and the fur-trade,
yet he explored Cumberland Sound, coasted the West
of Greenland by Davis Straits, and reached Baffin's Bay.
By the death of Sir Francis Walsingham in 1590 he
lost his chief friend at Court, but his heart was still
set on the North West, and he took service under
Cavendish in the following year, induced only by the
promise that he should have the loan of a vessel to
search for the farther entrance to the passage, on the

THE VOYAGERS

back parts of America. Nor did he give up hope after
the tragic failure of that voyage. In the preface to ^^^^^W
The Seaman's Secrets^ his nautical handbook of 1594, and North West
still more earnestly and fully in The Worldes Hydrographical P^^^g^-
Description of 1595, he expounds the certainty of a
North West passage, and the gains that its discovery
would bring to England. Davis was a single-minded
seaman, whose life was given to trade and exploration
while others fought with Spain ; and the great idea that
dominated him sometimes kindles his language to an
almost poetic fervour. The North Pole, he says, is the y^^^ dignity of
place of greatest dignity in the world ; and the people the North
who dwell near it ' have a wonderful excellency, and
an exceeding prerogative above all nations of the earth.'
* How blessed may we think this nation to be : for they
are in perpetual light, and never know what darkness
meaneth, by the benefit of twilight and full moons, as
the learned in astronomy do very well know : which
people, if they have the notice of their eternity by the
comfortable light of the Gospel, then are they blessed
and of all nations most blessed. Why then do we
neglect the search of this excellent discovery, against
which there can be nothing said to hinder the same?
Why do we refuse to see the dignity of God's creation,
since it hath pleased his divine Majesty to place us the
nearest neighbour thereunto.^ I know there is no true
Englishman that can in conscience refuse to be a con-
tributor to procure this so great a happiness to his
country, whereby not only the Prince and mighty men
of the land shall be highly renowned, but also the
merchant, tradesman, and artificer mightily enriched.'
His eloquence was in vain : and his later years were

29

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

spent as pilot on the East India route, in the service
at first of the Dutch and afterwards of the East India

Death of Company. He was killed in 1605 by the treachery of
Japanese pirates, to whom the Master of his ship, the
T'tger^ had offered hospitality and courtesy while the two
vessels lay alongside in the Straits of Malacca. The
North Western enterprise which had been the dream
of his life passed into the hands of the Dutch, who were
beginning also, before the century closed, to supplant
the English in the trade with Russia.

The stalwart honesty and simplicity of the character
and writings of Davis give a singular charm to his
name and story. He was a man after Hakluyt^s own
heart, a fearless explorer, a trusted leader, an ardent
student and professor of the science of navigation.
He yields to none in esteem and zeal for his pro-

The praise of fession. ' Sith Navigation,' he says, 'is the mean
whereby countries are discovered, and community
drawn between nation and nation, the word of God
published to the blessed recovery of the foreign off-
casts from whence it hath pleased his divine Majesty
as yet to detain the brightness of his glory : and that
by Navigation common-weals through mutual trade
are not only sustained, but mightily enriched; with
how great esteem ought the painful Seaman to be
embraced, by whose hard adventures such excellent
benefits are achieved, for by his exceeding great
hazards the form of the Earth, the quantities of
countries, the diversity of nations, and the natures of
Zones, Climates, Countries, and people, are apparently
made known to us; besides the great benefits mutually
interchanged between nations of such fruits, commodi-

30

THE VOYAGERS

ties, and artificial practices wherewith God hath blessed
each particular country, coast and nation according to
the nature and situation of the place.' Moreover,
Davis, almost alone among the English navigators of
his time, believed sincerely in the mission of England The Christian
to take the Gospel to the heathen. He was a student ^^^zland
of the Bible, and quotes the prophecies of Isaiah
concerning the salvation and union of the Gentiles.
' Then sith it is so appointed,' he goes on, ' that
there shall be one shepherd and one flock, what
hindereth us of England (being by God's mercy for
the same purpose at this present most aptly prepared)
not to attempt that which God himself hath appointed
to be performed } There is no doubt but that we of
England are this saved people, by the eternal and
infallible presence of the Lord predestinated to be sent pgopi^^
unto these Gentiles in the sea, to those Isles and
famous Kingdoms, there to preach the peace of the
Lord : for are not we only set upon Mount Zion to
give light to all the rest of the world .^^ Have not we
the true handmaid of the Lord to rule us unto whom
the eternal majesty of God hath revealed his truth
and supreme power of Excellency } By whom then
shall the truth be preached, but by them unto whom
the truth shall be revealed } It is only we, there-
fore, that must be these shining messengers of the
Lord, and none but we ; for, as the prophet saith, " O
how beautiful are the feet of the messenger that
bringeth the message from the mountain, that pro-
claimeth peace, that bringeth the good tidings and
preacheth health, and saith to Zion, Thy God is King.''
So that hereby the spiritual benefit arising from this

31

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

discovery/ he concludes, returning to his fixed idea,
* is most apparent ; for which, if there were no other
cause, we are all bound to labour with purse and
mind, for the discovery of this notable passage.'

During the reign of Elizabeth, and for many years
The after, this scheme for the evangelisation of the heathen

evangeUcal j^^j ^^ history. It was a stock weapon in the argu-
mentative armoury or determmed explorers, many or
whom allude to the religious mission of England in
cursory fashion, or plead for it like sharp Christian
attorneys, with none of the fire and sincerity that
shine in the eloquence of Davis. ^ Hakluyt, who had
the same object at heart, writing in 1584, was troubled
by his inability to answer the Papist adversary. 'The
Papists,' he says, ' confirm themselves, and draw others
to their side, showing that they are the true Catholic
Church because they have been the only converters of
many millions of infidels to Christianity. Yea, I myself
have been demanded of them, how many infidels have
been by us converted? Whereunto, albeit I alleged the
example of the ministers which were sent from Geneva
with Villegagnon into Brazil, and these that went with
John Ribault into Florida, as also those of our nation
that went with Frobisher, Sir Francis Drake, and
Fenton ; yet in very deed I was not able to name any
one infidel by them converted.'^ Hakluyt was indeed

1 The too familiar compound of avarice, self-righteousness, and
hypocrisy may be tasted in Sir George Peckham's treatise of The
Western Planting in vol. viii. of this edition of Hakluyt.

2 From A Discourse of. Western Plantings written by M. Richard
Hakluyt, 1584. This valuable discourse was first printed, from the
MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, by the Maine
Historical Society in 1877.

32

Catholic
Missions.

THE VOYAGERS

hard put to it to be driven to make shining mes-
sengers of Master Wolfall, who went with Frobisher's

chaplains.

third voyage as chaplain to the hundred of the ^/"^^^

company that were to gather ore for a year on
Cumberland's Island ; and of Master Francis Fletcher,
Drake's chaplain, whom, for his faint heart and double
dealing, Drake solemnly excommunicated, causing a
posy to be bound about his arm — ' Francis Fletcher,
the falsest knave that liveth.' On these two pillars
of the cause, Thwackum and Square, English
evangelical effort was fain to rest for the time ; but
it is to be hoped, says Hakluyt, that volunteers will
soon be forthcoming. ' For those of the clergy which
by reason of idleness here at home are now always
coining of new opinions, having by this voyage to set
themselves on work reducing the savages to the chief
principles of our faith, will become less contentious,
and be contented with the truth in religion already
established by authority/ In a later part of the same
Discourse Hakluyt throws a curious side-light on this
question of religion. It is imperative, he says, that
England should seek some new outlet for her trade,
and some region where she may establish a monopoly :
— 'the rather to avoid the wilful perjury of such of
our English nation as trade to Spain and other of
King Philip's dominions.' Before being admitted to The religion of
trade at any Spanish port, the English are required ^^^ ^^'^^er.
to make oath, on the sign of the Cross, that they
adhere to the faith of the Catholic Church of Rome,
and they and their companies must attend mass on
Sundays and Holy d-ays. This they do ; and thus
*the covetous merchant wilfully sendeth headlong
XII 33 c

Protestant
Buccaneer.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

to hell from day to day the poor subjects of this
realm. The merchant in England cometh here devoutly
to the communion, and sendeth his son into Spain
to hear Mass. These things are kept secret by the
merchants ; and such as depend upon the trade of
merchandise are loth to utter the same.'

There was no English counterpart, then, or counter-
blast, to the devoted work of Las Casas and the Spanish
missionaries. But year by year, as English trade to
the South increased, there was a growing hostility to
Spain, and a growing disinclination to accept her mastery
The of the New World. The merchant might feign sub-

mission ; the buccaneers and sea-dogs avenged his
disgrace by challenging and harrying the power they
were soon to overthrow. And these men, though
there was little of saintHness in their character, had a
religion, and fought and suffered for it. It was a
religion not wholly unlike that of the later Orange-
man, a Protestant compound, made up of fervid
patriotism, a varied assortment of hates, a rough code
of morals, and an unshaken trust in the providence of
God. To the heathen they brought not peace but a
sword. To the Pope, whom they named with the
Turk and the Devil, they wished destruction. For
Queen and Country they would go anywhere and
attempt anything. Their mission was quite unlike his
'that bringeth the message from the mountain'; they
coveted the things of the Gentiles, and their purpose
and methods are set forth, in imperial language, by
Michael Drayton : —

*A thousand Kingdoms will we seek from far,
As many Nations waste with civil war;

34

THE VOYAGERS

Where the dishevelled ghastly sea-nymph sings, Jk

Our well-rigged ships shall stretch their swelling wings, *^

And drag their anchors through the sandy foam,
About the world in every clime to roam ;
And those unchristened countries call our own
Where scarce the name of England hath been known.'

The North East and North West voyages failed in
their primary purpose ; and the men of peace gave
place, in the end, to the men of war. But before the
Queen and her Ministers recognised the necessity of an
armed conflict with Spain, all pacific devices for the
readjustment of the balance had been examined and
patiently put to the test. One more series of these
remains to be chronicled. The idea of colonisation, of Colonisation.
appropriating some part of America as yet unsettled
by the Spaniards, and there establishing a prosperous
English community, whose imports and exports might
benefit the mother country, received its first effective
impulse from Sir Humphrey Gilbert. Already in
1555 Richard Eden had outlined this idea, in the
preface to his translation of Peter Martyr's Decades.
From Florida northward to Newfoundland, says Eden, Eden's
there are lands * not yet known but only by the sea- ^^^^^ ^^^'
coasts, neither inhabited by Christian men.' His sug-
gestion that England should take possession of these
was not likely to bear fruit while Mary reigned and
Philip governed. In his notable Discourse of 1576
Gilbert pointed not obscurely in the same direction.
There are ' divers very rich countries,' he says, ' both
civil and others, . . . where there is to be found great
abundance of gold, silver, precious stones, cloth of gold,
silks, all manner of spices, grocery wares, and other
kinds of merchandise of an inestimable price, which

35

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Transporta-
tion.

Gilbert's
Charter.

both the Spaniard and Portugal, through the length of
their journeys, cannot well attain unto.' What was to
be the weakness of all early English attempts at coloni-
sation is foreshadowed in his further suggestion that
'we might inhabit some part of those countries, and
settle there such needy people of our country, which
now trouble the commonwealth, and through want here
at home are forced to commit outrageous offences,
whereby they are daily consumed with the gallows.'
And this scheme might be carried out, he adds, ' without
injury done to any Christian prince, by crossing them
in any of their used trades, whereby they might take
any just occasion of offence.' Hakluyt, writing in 1584,
makes the same recommendation and supports it by
the same arguments, which no doubt were intended to
appeal to the Queen's well-known resolve to maintain
peace. Portugal and Spain, he says, have found em-
ployment for all their subjects, so that these two
nations breed no pirates ; ' whereas we and the French
are most infamous for our outrageous, common, and
daily piracies.' By planting the coast of America,
between 30 and 60 degrees of Northern latitude, we may
provide for the unprofitable members of the common-
wealth, and greatly advance English trade.

Hakluyt was by profession a man of peace; but
there is little doubt that Gilbert would have been glad
to be let slip at the throat of Spain. In a paper of
1577, probably drafted by him, the Queen is advised
to prepare a fleet of warships under pretence of a
voyage of discovery, and to attack the Spaniards in
their cherished West Indies. When in 1578 he suc-
ceeded in obtaining a charter 'to inhabit and possess

36

THE VOYAGERS

at his choice all remote and heathen lands not in the
actual possession of any Christian prince/ the expedi-
tion that he fitted out was, in point of fact, diverted
from peaceful purposes. He got together a fleet of
eleven ships, and enlisted the assistance of many-
gentlemen adventurers, the most notable among them
being his own step-brother, Walter Raleigh, who was
weary of land-service, and desired to try his fortunes
by sea. Feuds and divisions broke out at the begin-
ning of the voyage ; four ships refused the expedition ;
and Gilbert, intending an attack on the West Indies,
fell across some Spanish vessels, and was beaten in
fight. The second and more memorable adventure of His last
1583, in which he met his death, was of less ambitious ^-^^^ '
design. Five vessels were equipped; the Delight^ of
120 tons, in which Gilbert sailed as Admiral, the Bark
Raleigh^ of 200 tons, with its owner as Vice-admiral,
the Golden Hind and Swallow^ of 40 tons each, and the
Squirrel^ of 10 tons. The purpose was to plant a
colony on some convenient site near Newfoundland.
The men proved disorderly and mutinous; Raleigh, Disasters.
who never took kindly to a subordinate command,
deserted the expedition for some reason unknown ; the
Swallow was employed by its crew in piracy, and was
ultimately sent back to England with the sick; and the
Delight^ after the failure of a three weeks' experiment
in colonisation at St. John's Harbour, struck on a rock,
and was lost with its men and cargo of mineral. But
these failures and disasters were destined to give Gilbert
his undying fame. Starting for home with his two
remaining ships, he chose to sail in the Squirrel^ which
he had made much use of to explore the coast. 'I

37

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

will not/ he said, 'forsake my little company going
homeward, with whom I have passed so many storms
and perils/ They met foul weather and terrible seas,
' breaking short and high, pyramid- wise.' But Gilbert
was undismayed. The last vivid scene has been stamped
for ever on the memory of his countrymen by the
J) ft f narrative of Edward Hayes. ' Monday, the ninth of
Gilbert. September, in the afternoon, the frigate was near cast
away, oppressed by waves, yet at that time recovered :
and giving forth signs of joy,- the General, sitting
abaft with a book in his hand, cried out unto us in
the Hind^ so oft as we did approach within hearing,
JVe are as near to Heaven by sea as by land' At twelve
o'clock that night the Squirrel's lights suddenly dis-
appeared, and she was seen no more. Gilbert's last
speech is his sufficient memorial : perhaps it was ringing
In Robert Burton's memory, when, writing of the
remedies for discontent, he paraphrased Gilbert's great
saying, and embroidered it after his own fashion. 'So
it is. Fortune favours some to live at home to their
further punishment; 'tis want of judgement. All places
are distant from Heaven alike, the Sun shines haply as
warm in one city as in another, and to a wise man
there is no difference of climes : friends are everywhere
to him that behaves himself well, and a prophet is not
esteemed in his own country.' Gilbert, at least, is
esteemed in his own country as the pioneer of North
West discovery, and the first who set his hand to the
building up of Greater Britain.
Virginia. His work was taken up immediately by Raleigh.
'After a night of storm so ruinous,' the scene rises
on a fair landscape and the innocent and gentle happiness

38

THE VOYAGERS

of Arcadia. In the spring of the year after Gilbert's
disaster, Raleigh despatched two small ships, under Philip
Amadas and Arthur Barlow, to prospect the coast of
America, from Florida northwards, with a view to a
permanent colony. They had a prosperous voyage by
way of the Canary Islands, and reached the continent
in the latitude of North Carolina. Here they landed
on the islands of Wocoken and Roanoak, taking pos-
session of the land in the Queen's name and establishing
relations of the most friendly kind with the natives.
Their description of the country, fertile and luxuriant to
the water's edge, and of their joyous reception by the
Indians, makes the dreams of pastoral poets seem true.
'We found the people,' they report, ' most gentle, loving, The people of
and faithful, void of all guile and treason, and such as live ^^.^
after the manner of the Golden Age.' The King, or
chief, being absent, his brother, with a retinue, received
the visitors, and showed them every possible courtesy.

* When we came to the shore to him,' says Captain
Barlow, ' with our weapons, he never moved from his
place, nor any of the other four, nor never mistrusted
any harm to be offered from us ; but, sitting still, he
beckoned us to come and sit by him, which we per-
formed ; and, being set, he made all signs of joy and
welcome, striking on his head and his breast and after-
wards on ours, to shew we were all one, smiling and
making shew the best he could of love and familiarity.'

* He was very just of his promise ' ; the narrator goes
on, ' for many times we delivered him merchandise upon
his word, but ever he came within the day and performed
his promise.' He loaded the voyagers with gifts ; and
his wife, who was equally hospitable, tended them in

39

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Indian h^^" house. 'While we were at meat there came in at the
courtesy, gates two or three men with their bows and arrows from
hunting, whom when we espied, we began to look one
towards another, and offered to reach our weapons :
but as soon as she espied our mistrust, she was very-
much moved, and caused some of her men to run out,
and take away their bows and arrows and break them, and
withal beat the poor fellows out of the gate again. When
we departed in the evening and would not tarry all night,
she was very sorry, and gave us into our boat our supper
half-dressed, pots and all, and brought us to our boat side,
in which we lay all night, removing the same a pretty
distance from the shore. She perceiving our jealousy
was much grieved, and sent divers men and thirty
women to sit all night on the bank-side by us, and
sent us into our boats fine mats to cover us from the
rain, using very many words to intreat us to rest in their
houses. But because we were few men, and if we had
miscarried the voyage had been in very great danger, we
durst not adventure anything, although there was no
cause of doubt ; for a more kind and loving people there
cannot be found in the world, as far as we have hitherto
had trial.'

Who does not recognise, in this description of native
humanity and delicate courtesy, the beginning of an oft-
repeated drama, played to its bitter end in Hispaniola, in
North America, and in many an island of the South Seas ?
The first The report of the captains pleased Queen Elizabeth, who
attempt to gtood god-mother to the new colony, naming it Virginia ;
Virginia, and in 1585 Raleigh furnished a fleet of seven ships to
go and take effective possession. There was some ques-
tion of entrusting the command of the venture to Sir

40

THE VOYAGERS

Philip Sidney, who longed to escape from the fetters of

the Court ; but the Queen would not relax her hold, and

the choice fell on Sir Richard Grenville, Raleigh's cousin,

as Admiral, with Ralph Lane as Governor of the colony.

Had Sidney gone, it is possible that the whole course of

the history of Virginia and of North America might have

been changed. But Sidney was to die, a year later, at

Zutphen, and that ever-memorable and heroic fire-eater,

Sir Richard Grenville, was to work his will on the people Grenville and

' . , . Lane,

of the Golden Age. He spent the summer m explormg

the islands, dragooning the natives, and burning their

crops and houses ; on his way home with the fleet he

fought and captured a rich Spanish ship. His right

work was fighting, not civilising. Lane, who was left

in charge, spent his time in gold-seeking and organising

forced labour among the Indians. Before a year was out

they were in open rebellion, and the business of massacre

began. Thenceforward no help was to be had in sowing

corn and catching fish ; and the colonists rejoiced when

Drake, on his way back from his famous West Indian

exploits, lent them ships to go home in. A fortnight

after their departure. Sir Richard Grenville turned up

with three ships, and put fifteen men in possession, who

were never seen again. Raleigh's last attempt was made

in 1587, with a hundred and fifty colonists, under Captain

John White. White himself returned to England the F^^'^re of the

same summer, and in the turmoil that followed was

unable to send ships to the relief of his colonists until

1590, when none of them could be found. A few were

naturalised among the Indians, and when Virginia was at

last planted, nearly twenty years later, seven English were

found alive. ' It is the sinfullest thing in the world,*

41

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

says Bacon, ' to forsake or destitute a plantation once in
forwardness : for besides the dishonour, it is the guiltiness
of blood of many commiserable persons.' Perhaps he is
glancing at Sir Walter Raleigh, to whom, it cannot be
denied, some part of this guiltiness attaches. Raleigh
was always impatient of the day of small things, and
when his colony languished, made over his patent to
a company of merchants, and turned his attention to
El Dorado, the latest comer in the gorgeous pageant
of his dreams of world-empire. The miscarriage of the
Virginian attempt is the least magnificent of the failures
that make up the story of his life.
The long So the voices that had counselled discovery and peaceful

^^^^' settlement were silenced, or were caught up and went

to swell the clamour of war. For its first thirty years
the reign of Elizabeth was, in effect, one long preparation
for the great day. It is a time singularly barren, in the
English annals at least, of notable political events.
Events were what the Queen and her cautious Ministers,
Burghley and Walsingham, most dreaded. Their business
was to hold on to the reins of power, to retard natural
developments, to refuse action, to disclaim responsibility,
to chasten the impulses of fervid patriots, and to avoid
the open hostility of rival powers. The Government sat
still, and deprecated all vigorous intentions, and waited.
The Queen's fixed policy, her single resource for many
long years, was to continue saying 'Peace, Peace,' when
there was no peace. Her subjects were not slow to grasp
The price of ^^ situation. They were free to serve the Crown,
patriotism, but it must be at their own risk. They might give
battle to the enemy of their country and their religion,
but they must fight in the character of pirates. If they

42

THE VOYAGERS

won, the Crown would gladly accept a share in the
spoil ; if they lost, they knew what doom to expect.
It is surely a high tribute to Elizabeth, and to the trust
and love she inspired in her subjects, that they accepted
these conditions without a murmur. They knew that
the Queen had no care but the country, and that her
courage was without blemish. They were content to
let her work in her own way, so they might work in
theirs. A Prince, in the high political doctrine of Tudor Tudor
England, has no friends, only servants ; and owes no sovereignty.
gratitude, only acceptance or approval. When this
doctrine was inherited, along with other great things, by
Stuart pedantry from Tudor state-craft, it made clumsy
havoc of the happiness of a people, and tumbled the
Crown in the mire. But the hands that fashioned it
knew how to wield it for the safety and glory of the
nation. Towards the close of her reign, when Elizabeth
was able at last to speak with kings in the gate, she
spoke with the voice of England.

The meaning and interest of English history, therefore, ^-^f
during this long period of incubation, is to be found
not in the doings of the Government, but in the un-
authorised activities of the people. The political history
of a country is commonly an affair of great dignity ; it
deals with the legitimate acts of the rightful government.
But the great deeds of Elizabeth's reign were most of
them unlawfully begotten, an,d were legitimated when
they came of age. The volunteer efforts of the nation
gathered yearly in strength and volume ; at last the
Queen threw off her mask of indifference, and accepted
the command. Until the time was ripe, she held
sedulously aloof. The body politic was full of life,

43

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

but the brain was careful not to know what the hands
were doing. It is not what Burghley and Walsingham
were writing, but what Shakespeare and Jonson were
saying, that makes the greatness of the reign ; not what
the Treasurer of the Navy was commanded to do, but
what Drake and Hawkins did without waiting for the
Royal command. The public acts of the regularly
constituted Government were tame and few. But the
Queen knew what was going forward. The Catholic
power of Spain, overshadowing and threatening Europe,
was never out of her mind. She is sometimes accused,
on plausible evidence, of neglecting her Navy. ' In
February 1559/ says an excellent recent historian, 'she
possessed twenty-two effective ships of a hundred tons
and upwards; in March 1603, twenty-nine; practically,
therefore, she did little more than replace those worn
out by efflux of time, for only two were lost in warfare.' ^
But, as the same writer justly points out, there was great
plenty of pirates, — some four hundred were known in
1563, — and, by a merciful dispensation of Providence,
they did far more harm to foreign commerce than to
English. Twenty-nine ships is not a large navy; but
when the Armada came, a hundred and thirty vessels were
waiting for it in the narrow seas. The history of the
Royal Navy under Queen Elizabeth is as little adequate
to express the growth of national sea-power as is the
history of the Royal Academy under Queen Victoria to
express the progress of the nation in the Fine Arts.
The Policy of The main policy of the Queen was, at any cost, to
prevent disunion among her subjects, and to win their

1 M. Oppenheim, The Adminhtradon of the Royal Navy l^og-1660.

(1896).

THE VOYAGERS

firm allegiance. She foresaw the dangers of internal

religious disruption, and succeeded in staving it off. Her

streng^th at sea depended on the loyalty of the irre- . ,
111 .-11 1- 1 j-j r 11 ^^ttonal

gulars; she kept in with the police, and did not tall jjnity.

out with the thieves. A wonderful good understanding

prevailed between the two parties. When Drake came

back in 1580, laden with pillage, from his voyage of

circumnavigation, he was nicknamed by the people ' The

Master Thief of the Unknown World.' His old

friend and chief, John Hawkins, was then the official

head of the Navy. ' The Queen,' says Stow, ' not

yet persuaded to accept and approve his unknown

purchase, paused a while, and heard every opinion, which

at that time were many.' In the end she went aboard

his ship at Deptford, and knighted him. By this act,

with full knowledge of what she was doing, she cast the

die. Everywhere her over-ruling hand was felt. If

Burghley, and others of her statesmen, had had their

way, she would have broken with France. ' For my

own part,' wrote Lord Howard of Effingham, in the

very year of the Armada, ' I have made of the French

King, the Scottish King, and the King of Spain, a Trinity

that I mean never to be saved by, and I would others

were of my opinion.' The Queen was not of his

c,, TT -^ • • i. -i. T^ Attitude to

opinion. She was a Unitarian in her enmity. It was ^^^^^^

a saying of hers ' Whensoever the last day of the

Kingdom of France cometh, it will undoubtedly be the

eve of the destruction of England.' The division of

France would have meant an accession of strength to

Spain. The French pirates and Huguenots had shewn

Englishmen the way to trouble Spain upon the seas ;

and Elizabeth approved their work. But the King of

45

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

France, if he had lost control of his realm, would have

been driven into the arms of Spain ; and Elizabeth lent

him her support. She isolated her enemy, and she

united her people. She understood a free nation, and

was worthy of the seamen who served her.

The English p^ more important thine: than the actual number of

Bea Power. , . . , ^t - cr - r • • i

ships m the JNavy was its emciency or organisation, and

this was greatly improved during the Queen's reign. By

the institution of the Navy Board, in 1546, Henry VIII

had created the means of organisation. The practice of

piracy made for the efficiency of the units. Long before

an armed conflict seemed probable, English ships and

English seamen were, as Mr. Corbett has shown, far

superior in warlike qualities to those of Spain. The

ships were smaller, better designed, quicker in handling ;

and they could sail nearer to the wind. The prime

importance of gunnery had been learned by the English,

and was to be taught by them to Spain. ' For the new

school,* says Mr. Corbett, ' the arm of the sailor was his

ship. Hitherto the offensive force of a war-vessel had

been measured mainly by the number of boarders it could

throw upon the deck of an enemy, and guns had been

valued chiefly as a means of crippling his power of

The ship as a eluding this form of attack. But now the ship with

gun-carriage, its guns was itself the weapon, the captain the eye, the

crew the muscles that played it. Already during Henry's

last French war the power that lay in the broadside had

begun to be seen by English seamen.'^ Meantime the

navigators of Spain had no thought of war. The Pope

had guaranteed to them their new possessions, and they

took their ease on the sea. Their great treasure-coffers

^ Drake and the Tudor Navy (1899) Vol. I. p. 137.
46

John

Hawkins.

THE VOYAGERS

were wafted lazily to and from the Indies, unprotected
save by a few inferior guns. It was the enterprise of the
French pirates which first awakened them to a sense of
danger, and caused them to take precautions. The gal-
leons of the Indian Guard, a squadron of twelve for the
protection of trade, were sent out to the Indies for the
first time in 1568, the very year that Hawkins first
brought the Spaniards acquainted with English gunnery
in the affair of San Juan de Ulloa.

Sir John Hawkins, who more than any other single
man, was responsible for the rise of the war-spirit, came
of a line of seamen. His grandfather had served in King
Henry VIIFs Navy. His father, William Hawkins, had
been the first, in 1530, to carry on trade with Brazil.
The voyage to Brazil was subsequently frequented, about
1540, by several wealthy merchants of Southampton.
English traders were active enough during the early part
of the century; it was John Hawkins who first taught
them how arms might signally help the expansion of

trade. He served his apprenticeship in the usual voyages Hts trading

TTT A r • J • ^ 1 1 J Foyages to the

to the West African coast, and m 1562 launched on a West Indies.

bolder scheme. By this time negroes were in great

demand at Hispaniola, and Hawkins was determined to

supply them. With the help of some city merchants, he

equipped three vessels, and sailed to Sierra Leone, where,

by force and purchase, he obtained three hundred negroes ;

then, with the help of a Spanish pilot, he crossed the

Atlantic, and obtained ' reasonable utterance of his living

commodities ' in the ports of Hispaniola. He gained in

exchange an enormous quantity of valuable merchandise ;

some of it he took home with him, some he sent to be

disposed of at Cadiz, where it was seized and confiscated.

47

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Orders were at once despatched to the Indies that no
English vessel should be allowed to trade there.

Hawkins intended to trade there. In 1564 he
equipped a fleet of five ships, among them the Jesus
of Lubecky a ship of the Royal Navy, lent him by the
Queen. He collected his negroes and proceeded with
them, this time, to the ports of the Spanish Main.
Negro slaves were much coveted ; and by a mixture of
persuasion and armed force he succeeded in disposing
of them all. He brought back to England a handsome
profit for those who had financed his expedition.
The of air of Y{\s third voyage, begun in 1567, is a date in English
Ulioa. history. It brought him into open conflict with the

Spanish galleons ; it proved the weakness of the Spanish
power ; it settled him in his life-long enmity to Spain ;
and it baptised with fire the greatest fighting sailor of the
age, Francis Drake. The father of Francis was Edmund
Drake, a Protestant seaman, who, after performing a
chaplain's duties in Edward VTs Navy, took orders
and was given a Vicarage under Elizabeth. He had
twelve sons ; ' and as it pleased God to give most of
them a living on the water, so the greatest part of them
died at sea.' The eldest and most famous of them had
been conversant with the sea from boyhood, and when his
Hawkins and cousin, John Hawkins, was preparing this third expedi-
Drake. tion, he was entrusted, at the age of twenty-two, with the

command of the Judith^ a bark of fifty tons. The Queen
contributed two great ships, and did her best to allay the
suspicions of the Spanish ambassador. Hawkins had
more trouble than formerly in laying hands on his
negroes, and much more trouble in disposing of them.
The West Indian ports were warned and closed against

48

THE VOYAGERS

him. At Rio de la Hacha Drake seized a Spanish
despatch-boat ; Hawkins took the town by assault, and
held it while he disposed of his negroes to purchasers
who came in secretly by night. Carthagena was bom-
barded ; and trade was forced on many a lesser place.
Thus, 'making their traffic with the Spaniards as they
might/ Hawkins and Drake found that the season of
hurricanes was near at hand. Lacking other shelter, they
resolved to take refuge in the chief port of Mexico, San
Juan de Ulloa.

Hawkins, it is true, held that by ancient treaty and Elizabethan
the law of nations the English had a right to trade -^'^^ ^''^^^''^•
in the Spanish dominions. But the purpose of his
expedition had been laboriously concealed from the
Spanish ambassador, and it had assumed a piratical com-
plexion even on the coast of Africa, where several
Portuguese slave-ships were seized and plundered. There
is all the more reason, therefore, to admire the cool
assurance of the English captains. They sailed into
the harbour of San Juan de Ulloa, and anchored inside
the island which protected the roadstead. Over against
them, on the landward side, was a Spanish treasure-fleet.
How Hawkins would have dealt with this does not appear.
How Drake would have dealt with it, had he been in
command, is fairly certain. The question did not arise.
On the morning after the arrival of Hawkins there
appeared in the offing thirteen Spanish ships, escorting
Don Martin Enriquez, the new Viceroy of Mexico.
Hawkins had guns mounted on the island, and was
well able to hold the harbour. But he feared the
wrath of the Queen, and would not take the responsi-
bility of unprovoked war. So, after mutual defiances,
XII 49 D

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

the English and the Spaniards treated. It was agreed
that the two fleets should be amicably moored side by
side ; the island to remain in possession of the English.
Th treachery Xo the Spanish commanders Hawkins and his company
Spaniard. were no better than corsairs, and a treacherous plot
against them was put in action. While the crews were
entertaining each other, the signal was given, the English
ashore were murdered, the guns on the island seized,
and the English vessels boarded. The Jesus of Lubeck
was taken. Only by extraordinary promptitude and heroic
valour were the Minion^ which was also a Queen's ship,
and the Judith drawn clear of the entanglement, leaving the
three other ships to their fate. A terrific action followed,,
at close quarters, and the damage inflicted by the English
gunners on the great ships of Spain was so severe,
that when at last the two English vessels got out of
the haven, they were not further molested, though for
two days they took shelter close to the port. On the
Sufferings of first day of their voyage home they were separated ;
Hawkins, with two hundred men on board the Miniotty
was unable to provide for so large a company, and
agreed to the proposal of a hundred of them, who
volunteered to be set on shore in the Bay of Mexico,
to shift for themselves. The miseries and persecution
that these men suff^ered at the hands of the Indians
and the Inquisition were narrated, years later, by the
few survivors, and fanned the flame of English hatred
for Spain. When Drake and Hawkins reached home,
with their tale of Spanish treachery, * military and sea-
faring men,' says Camden, 'all over England fretted,
and desired war with Spain. . . . But the Queen shut
her ears against them.'

50

men.

THE VOYAGERS

The Queen was not ready to face the great Catholic Q,ueen
coalition in open warfare. She was struggling in the ^^ifjic^ifig^
meshes of conspiracy. While Hawkins was selling his
negroes in the Indies, Ridolfi was plotting in London;
the Queen of Scots had arrived in England, to become
a centre of disaffection ; Alva was inaugurating his reign
of terror in the Netherlands ; and the Guises were putting
in operation their scheme for extirpating the Huguenots
in France. The Queen did what she could. She
detained the treasure destined for Alva, which, con-
veyed in five ships from Spain, had been driven by
French pirates into English ports; and she sent money
and munitions of war to the Huguenots. This policy
of hers gave a broad hint to her subjects. There was
to be no war ; but short of war, acts of hostility and
reprisal were the order of the day. When the efforts
of the King of Spain and Pope Pius V to stir up
rebellion against Elizabeth became known to the mari-
time people of England, ' incredible it is,' says Camden
again, 'with how great alacrity they put to sea, and
how readily they exercised piracy against the Spaniards.'

Hawkins was to take no further part, for the present,
in these forays. He was needed for defence at home.
But, as the Portuguese chronicler justly remarks, 'there
was a certain Englishman, called Francis Drake.' At ^rancU
San Juan de Ulloa Drake had learned his lesson. The
Spaniards were never to be trusted ; extreme measures,
such as Hawkins had shrunk from, were in the end
the safest; a well-furnished English ship could go any-
where in the Spanish seas. For the next twenty years
he put the lesson into practice, waxing bolder and bolder
by success. When precautions were taken against the

51

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

repetition of his exploits, he made precautions foolish
by rising from height to height of daring, until the
very wind of his name cleared the seas before him.
His Exploits In 1570, the year after his return in the Judith^
Zlt^^''''"^ Drake was back on the coast of the Spanish Main,
where he robbed divers barks of their merchandise.
In the following year he cut out a Spanish ship of a
hundred and eighty tons from the harbour of Cartha-
gena. To provide himself with a convenient retreat, he
established a base in the Gulf of Darien, a natural
harbour, far from any Spanish settlement. Hither he
came in 1572 with two ships, the larger only seventy
tons, and with seventy-three men. He entered into
friendly relations with the Maroons, or hill-tribes
descended from escaped negroes, who shared his hatred
of Spain. With his diminutive force he surprised
the city of Nombre de Dios, and, if he had not been
wounded, would probably have emptied its treasure-
house. He planned the capture and sack of Carthagena
itself; then, finding that watch was kept for him at all
the Spanish ports, he changed his plans, and transferred
The Peruvian his operations from sea to land. The yearly produce
treasure. ^^ ^^^ mines of Peru was wont to be brought fifty

miles overland by mule-trains from Panama to Nombre
de Dios, and thence shipped to Spain. 'By the abun-
dant treasure of that country,' wrote Sir Walter
Raleigh, ' the Spanish King vexeth all the Princes of
Europe, and is become in a few years from a poor
King of Castile the greatest monarch of this part of
the world.' It was Drake's purpose to surprise and
capture the treasure as it crossed the isthmus. He
made his first attempt on the Panama side with eighteen

52

THE VOYAGERS

men, all that were available of his original company;
but by an accident the mule-trains were alarmed and
the attempt failed. Nothing disheartened, he joined
hands with a Huguenot privateer and, aided by Maroon
scouts, succeeded, near the very gates of Nombre de
Dios, in waylaying and rifling the convoy. In order
to fit out pinnaces for river-work he had dismantled
his ships ; his homeward voyage was made in new
Spanish frigates, of the latest design, captured by his
pinnaces. During his abode in these parts he had dis- j year's
organised the whole coasting trade of the Spanish doings.
Main; he had taken the spoils of many vessels, had
boldly entered more than one town, had diverted the
steady flow of the Peruvian gold, and, as an earnest
of what was yet to come, had seen the Pacific Ocean
and vowed that with the help of God he would sail
on that sea in an English ship. He arrived in
Plymouth, after an absence of about fifteen months,
in August, 1573.

It is to be regretted that these early exploits of Hakluyt and
Drake are barely recorded in Hakluyt's compilation,
and rest on later authority,^ eked out with Spanish
State papers. Hakluyt, who was willing enough to
memorise deeds of war, shows a certain tenderness of
conscience with regard to sheer piracy. He was
bound, moreover, to pay heed to the possible
international bearings of his publication. In his
1589 preface To the Favourable Reader he apologises
for his omission of the Voyage of Circumnavigation,
and explains it on the ground that a collection of
Drake's voyages was being made by another hand. He

'^ Sir Francis Drake Revived , . . by Philip Nichols, Preacher. (1626).

53

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

speaks somewhat slightingly of Drake's great voyage,
and offers no excuse for omitting the raids on the
Drays Spanish Main. Yet the greatness of Drake is perhaps
achievements, best seen in these early buccaneerings. Time and again
he is within an ace of irreparable failure; time and
again his incredible quickness of resource uses the
material of his broken plans for a new and startling
success. His spirits are at their highest when things
seem most hopeless. His decisions are taken and his
blows delivered like lightning. He makes a fine art
of surprise, and escapes from difficulties by the un-
guarded way, the way of the impossible. A single
purpose animates all his exploits, and the chart of his
movements is like a cord laced and knotted round the
throat of the Spanish monarchy. Withal he is an
adept at dealing with men, French Protestants, English
adventurers, Negro Maroons, or Spanish emissaries ;
and carries himself in the pirate's profession with a
courtesy, magnanimity, and unfailing humanity that
give to his story the glamour of romance. Like
Napoleon's Italian campaign, the achievements of Drake
on the Spanish Main show a master at work, unbur-
dened and unfettered as yet by responsibility and
reputation, adapting himself solely to his material, and
inventing at every stroke.
The Voyage Drake's object was to drive England into war. The
navigation, object of the Government was to keep a free hand.
For some years he was hindered from further expedi-
tions, and work was found for him in Ireland. But
the Queen had a soft corner in her heart for him, and
when the whirligig of time once more cast into the shade
the hope of a peaceful understanding with Spain, she

54

THE VOYAGERS

offered him secret encouragement. In the autumn of

1577 he started on the greatest of his voyages in the

Pelican^ of a hundred tons, (afterwards re-named the

Golden Hind)^ with the Elizabeth^ two lesser ships, and

a pinnace, carrying among them a company of about a

hundred and fifty men. His purpose, as he explained

to the Queen, was to sail into the Pacific, and raid

the Spanish possessions from the West. There was no

word, at the outset, of sailing round the world. It is

more likely that he intended to circumnavigate America,

and to return by the North West passage, which, earlier

in the same year, Frobisher had gone for the second time

to seek. But whatever his plan, Drake was no longer

the obscure buccaneer. He kept the state of a King;

was served on silver plate stamped with his own arms,

and was attended by musicians and painters. There

dined with him at table nine or ten gentlemen of good

family, who were in training for similar adventures, and

he offered them delicacies, the gift of Queen Elizabeth.

The presence of these gentlemen was a chief cause of Trouble with
, . , , ^ the gentlemen

trouble on the outward voyage. Ir we are to believe adventurers.

one of them, there were fallings out and quarrels, and
no one was certain whom to obey, because there were
many who took upon them to be masters. The
Elizabethan gentleman adventurer was the ruin of many
an expedition on which he embarked ; he was full of
courage and initiative, but headstrong, giddy, and in-
subordinate. And this was not the worst. By the time
the ships had made the coast of Brazil, taking on the way
such booty as they fell across, Drake found cause to
suspect that treason was at work, that an attempt was
being made to induce some of the crew to mutiny and

55

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Thomas become pirates on their own account. His suspicions
executed ^^ ^^ Thomas Doughty, a gentleman of good parts,
whom he had met in Ireland, and to whom he had given
a place of trust and honour in his enterprise. The rights
and wrongs of this dark business are beyond our recovery.
Drake believed, not without grounds, that Doughty had
betrayed his plans to Burghley before starting, and was
doing what in him lay to wreck the success of the voyage.
Doughty, for his part, believed that Drake, being
embarked on piracy, could claim no ultimate legal
authority over his followers. At Port St. Julian, where
Magellan, almost sixty years before, had hanged one of
his captains. Doughty was tried by jury and condemned
to death ; and Drake, after receiving the sacrament with
the prisoner, and dining with him by way of farewell,
executed the sentence with his own hand. The speech
that he made, a few weeks thereafter, still glows, in the
imperfect report which has come down to us, with the
passion of that tragedy. When the men were assembled
by command in a tent on shore, Master Fletcher, the
chaplain, offered himself to make a sermon. * Nay, soft,
Drake's Master Fletcher,' quoth he, ' I must preach this day
myself, although I have small skill in preaching. Well,
be all the company here, yea or not.''' Answer was made
that they were all there. Then he commanded every
ship's company to stand severally together, which was
also done. Then he said, ' My masters, I am a very
bad orator, for my bringing up hath not been in learning,
but what so I shall here speak, let any man take notice
of what I shall say, and let him write it down if he list,
for I will speak nothing but I will answer it in England,
yea, and before her Majesty, and I have it here already

56

THE VOYAGERS

set down. Thus it is, my masters, that we are very far

from our country and friends, we are compassed in on

every side with our enemies, wherefore we are not to

make small reckoning of a man, for we cannot have a

man if we would give for him ten thousand pounds.

Wherefore we must have these mutinies and discords that

are grown amongst us redressed, for by the life of God

it doth even take my wits from me to think of it ; here

is such controversy between the sailors and the gentlemen,

and such stomaching between the gentlemen and sailors,

that it doth even make me mad to hear it. But, my ^-^^ right

T , . ^ ^ '' doctrine of the

masters, 1 must have it lert ; tor 1 must have the gentle- ^v^^y.

man to hale and draw with the mariner, and the mariner

with the gentleman. What, let us show ourselves all

to be of a company, and let us not give occasion to the

enemy to rejoice at our decay and overthrow. I would

know him that would refuse to set his hand to a rope, —

but I know there is not any such here ; and as gentlemen

are very necessary for government's sake in the voyage so

have I shipped them for that, and for some farther intent,

and yet though I know sailors to be the most envious

people of the world, and so unruly without government,

yet may not I be without them. Also, if there be any

here willing to return home, let me understand of them,

and here is the Marigold^ a ship that I can very well

spare ; I will furnish her to such as will return with the

most credit I can give them, either by my letters or any

way else ; but let them take heed that they go homeward,

for if I find them in my way I will surely sink them ;

therefore you shall have time to consider hereof until

to-morrow ; for, by my troth, I must needs be plain with

you, I have taken that in hand that I know not in the

57

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

world how to go through withal ; it passeth my capacity ;

it hath even bereaved me of my wits to think on it.'

None of the company was for returning. Then he

asked them whether they had any claim against him

for wages, or would trust to his good will. They

declared they would trust to his good will. Then he

formally discharged from their command all the captains

of the ships. Two of them asked him what moved

him so to displace them. He asked whether they could

give any reason why he should not do so. The

explanation that he added of the origin of his voyage

The question is of the deepest interest. The Queen, he said, was a

rr^^ltLl party to it ; and he showed a bill of a thousand crowns
commission r J '

from the which she had given towards the expenses. Walsingham
Queen. ^^^ -^^ ^^ secret ; but she had straitly commanded that

the Lord Treasurer, Burghley, to whom Doughty had
revealed the plan of the voyage, should have no know-
ledge of it; and she had sworn by her crown that if
any one in her realm should send word to the King of
Spain, they should lose their heads. ' And now, my
masters,' quoth he, 'let us consider what we have
done. We have now set together by the ears three
mighty princes, as first her Majesty, the Kings of Spain
and Portugal, and if this voyage shall not have good
success, we shall not only be a scorning, or a reproachful
scoffing-stock, unto our enemies, but also a great blot
to our whole country for ever; and what triumph will
it be to Spain and Portugal : and never again the like
will be attempted.' So, after restoring the captains to
their command, and promising the men that he would
pay their wages though he should have to sell his shirt,
he concluded : ' For,' quoth he, ' I have good reason

58

THE VOYAGERS

to promise, and am best able to perform it, for I have
somewhat of mine own in England, and, besides that,
I have as much adventure in this voyage as three of
the best whatsoever; and if it so be that I never come
home, yet will her Majesty pay every man his wages,
whom indeed you and we all come to serve; and for
to say you come to serve me, I will not give you thanks,
for it is only her Majesty that you serve, and this voyage
is only her setting forth.' ^ So, willing them all to be
friends one with another, he sent them to their
business.

This speech deserves to be set out in full in any His bold
story of the English Voyages. It is the speech of a ^^^^^*
man not in love with speech, whose thoughts are wrung
from him at a crisis ; it throws a vivid light on the
situation, and on Drake's manner of dealing with it.
The troubles with his men, and the treachery of Doughty,
had brought him to a hard pass. He must either admit
himself a baffled man, or must take the enormous risk
of angering the Queen by declaring openly his full
commission from her. It is highly unlikely that he
had any such commission in writing. What he counted
on rather was her approval, and support against the
Lord Treasurer's party, if he should bring his voyage
to a successful issue. According to his wont, he chose
the bolder way ; and from this time forward the failure
of his expedition would have rneant his doom, whether
from England or from Spain.

The dreaded Straits of Magellan were passed in Drake driven
safety, and Drake was in the Pacific Ocean. Here

^ Narrative of John Cooke, in The World Encompassed (Hakluyt
Society, 1854).

59

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

a terrific storm, or series of storms, fell upon the
ships. The Marigold was overwhelmed and lost;
and the Elizabeth^ separated from the Golden Hind^
waited for a time at the mouth of the Straits
and then returned to England. The two other vessels
had been broken up or cast off on the coast of Brazil.
Drake's ship was left alone to finish the voyage. The
storm brought him the discovery that Tierra del Fuego
was not a continent, as had been supposed, but that
Th I t f ^^^^^ w^^ open sea to the south of it. And now his
the Pacific. reward was near. The Pacific had been treated by the
Spaniards as if it were an inland lake; their route to
it lay overland ; and the ships they sailed on it were
built on its own shores. No enemy had as yet entered
it by water; the ports were feebly guarded; and
the crews of the merchant ships were very small.
The Golden Hind was well-manned, and bristled with
guns ; the Pacific fell a prey to her. Her voyage north-
wards along the coast was a carnival of plunder, the
richest prize of all being the Cacafuego^ a treasure-ship
bound from Guayaquil to Panama. Drake's ship was
now heavy with precious metals, and the only question
was how to get her home. He sailed northward, almost
to Vancouver's Island, but was deterred by the cold
and fogs from proceeding further. Turning to the
south again, along the coast of California, he put into
a bay near San Francisco, repaired his ship, and was
solemnly crowned by the Indians as their king. He
named the district 'New Albion,' and nailed a sixpence
to a great post, leaving it, with the Queen's name
inscribed above it, for the Indians to worship. Then
he struck across the Pacific, to the Philippines and

60

Drake
crowned by
the Indians.

THE VOYAGERS

Moluccas, where he entered into alliance, amity and
traffic with the princes of those islands; and so back
by the Cape of Good Hope. In September, 1580,
after an absence of almost three years, the Golden Hind
sailed into Plymouth Sound. Drake's first question,
before he cast anchor, was whether the Queen was alive
and well.

The Queen was alive and well, and his anxieties His reception
were soon ended. ' She received him graciously,' says ^ ^ k!«^^»-
Camden, 'and laid up the treasure he brought by way
of sequestration, that it might be forth-coming if the
Spaniards should demand it.' She was by this time
storing a good deal of treasure on trust for the Spaniard.
Drake was allowed to retain a rich share of the booty
for himself and his men. The thing that troubled him
most, we are told, was 'that some of the chief men
at Court refused to accept the gold which he offered
them, as gotten by piracy. Nevertheless the common
sort of people admired and highly commended him, as
judging it no less honourable to have enlarged the
bounds of the English name and glory than of their
Empire.'

The completion of Drake's voyage round the world The mid-point
marks the mid-point of his career. For fourteen years ^{^^./^^/^
he had forced his policy on the government; and now
he had gained his point. There was to be no further
question, during his life-time, of conciliating the good
graces of Spain. By the failure of the royal line of
Portugal, King Philip had acquired, soon after Drake's
return, a new vast empire, and had more than doubled his
naval power. Drake was now a knight, and a trusted
naval counsellor. For fourteen years more he was to

61

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

The Indies work in the open for the overthrow of Spain. The
J ^^^^ ^ change is well seen in the equipment of his expedition
of 1585. In place of the two or three small ships
which had hitherto sufficed him, he sailed from Ply-
mouth in command of twenty-one ships and eight
pinnaces, with a force of more than two thousand men.
Frobisher was Vice-Admiral, and their destination was
the West Indies, there to waylay the Plate fleet laden
with the wealth of Peru.

After an armed demonstration off the harbours of
Portugal the fleet reached Santiago, which was taken
Defects of the and sacked, but yielded little treasure. The same dis-
s-^stem. appointment awaited them in the West Indies. Despising

smaller game, they took and held for a time San
Domingo, the oldest town in the Indies, and Carthagena,
the capital of the Spanish Main. The moral effect of
these exploits was no doubt great, but the material profit
was less than had been expected, and Drake, in order to
indemnify the Queen and the other promoters of the
expedition, exacted a large ransom in either case for
the evacuation of the town. It had been a part of the
original plan to seize Havana, but losses from sickness
and war caused the expedition to turn homeward, not
without a fair share of plunder. St. Augustine, on the
coast of Florida, was looted on the way, and the miserable
colonists of Virginia were visited and taken home. It is
difficult and presumptuous to criticise Drake's plan of
action. In his later expeditions he was hampered by the
instructions of the Government and the opinions of
others, as he had not been hampered earlier. He had

Lack of a proposed in 1581 to seize Terceira, and make it a naval

naval base. 1 r i_ • j 1 j • c • l

base for harassmg and plundermg Spanish commerce.

62

THE VOYAGERS

Many of his critics held, and some still hold, that he
should have kept possession of Carthagena with the same
object. But the profit-sharing system of naval enterprise
made a policy of this kind almost impossible ; and to the
end of his life the buccaneer in Drake held the upper
hand of the statesman. If the English had established
and fortified themselves on the main trading route of
the Spanish Indies the story of the Armada might have
remained unwritten.

It is unnecessary to touch, except very briefly, on what T'he singeing
followed. The founding of Colonies and the exploration phuils beard.
of unknown lands had given way to the necessities of
war ; and the history of Drake and Hawkins and
Frobisher henceforward is a part of the history of
England. In 1587 Drake was despatched with another
fleet to make havoc of King Philip's preparations for
invading England. It is from the realm of the Indies,
says an Elizabethan sailor, that King Philip ' has feathers
to fly to the top of his high desires.' Drake had singed
his feathers ; he was now to singe his beard. He took
and burned the shipping in Cadiz harbour, seized Cape
St. Vincent, threatened Lisbon, and struck terror into the
heart of the Spanish commanders. When the great Thelnmncible
Armada at last set sail, Drake, if he had had his way,
would have met and fought with it at the mouths of the
Spanish harbours. But he was controlled by men who
feared the boldness of his strategy, and the Spanish
preparations were permitted to proceed in quietness. Let
the rest be told in the grand style which reached its
maturity in English at this very time, as if it had been
designed for the deeds it was to celebrate. *This great
preparation,' says Bacon, 'passed away like a dream.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Expedition to
Lisbon.

The last
Voyage of
Drake and
Hawkins.

The Invincible Navy neither took any one barque of
ours, neither yet once offered to land ; but after they had
been well beaten and chased, made a perambulation about
the Northern seas, ennobling many coasts with wrecks of
mighty ships ; and so returned home with greater derision
than they set forth with expectation/

The repulse of the Armada gave Drake no rest. The
next year, in joint command with Sir John Norris, he
led the expedition to Lisbon. They failed in their main
purpose ; their losses were heavy, and their booty small.
'But the truth is,' says Camden, 'England reaped this
benefit by the voyage, that from this time forward she
feared nothing from Spain, but took greater heart and
courage against the Spaniards.' Drake fell into disgrace,
and was restored to favour only to share with Sir John
Hawkins the command of another expedition, their
second and last. In 1595, twenty-eight years after their
fateful adventure in slave- trading, they put out again for
the Indies with a fleet of twenty-seven sail, and strong
land-forces. Sir John Hawkins was now over seventy
years of age, burdened and saddened by the long cares
of administration ; and the differences of temper and
character between the two admirals had not been lessened
by time. Thomas Maynarde, who served in the expe-
dition, has left a vivid account of these differences.^
Of Drake he says, — ' It may be his self-willed and
peremptory command was doubted, and that caused her
Majesty, as should seem, to join Sir John Hawkins
in equal commission, — a man old and wary, entering
into matters with so leaden a foot, that the other's meat

^ Sir Francis Drake, His Voyage, 1^95 / ^J Thomas Maynarde.
Society, 1 849.)

64

(Hakluyt

THE VOYAGERS

would be eaten before his spit could come to the fire :
men of so different natures and dispositions, that what
the one desired the other would commonly oppose
against; and though their wary carriages sequestered it
from meaner wits, yet was it apparently seen to better
judgments before our going from Plymouth, that whom
the one loved, the other smally esteemed.' When they
reached the Indies they found the Spaniards forewarned
and forearmed against them ; and their voyage was an
unbroken tale of ill-success. The Spanish sea-power lu failure,
was enormously increased, the towns guarded, the pay-
ment of ransom forbidden, and the treasure concealed,
so that even if Drake had been permitted to follow his
old methods, it is doubtful whether he could have averted
failure. Maynarde, in conversation, asked him where
were the rich places he had promised to his followers.
* He answered me with grief, protesting that he was as
ignorant of the Indies as myself, and that he never
thought any place could be so changed, as it were from T^he ruined
a delicious and pleasant arbour into a waste and desert
wilderness ; besides the variableness of the wind and
weather, so stormy and blustrous as he never saw it
before. But he most wondered that since his coming
out of England he never saw sail worth giving chase
unto ; yet, in the greatness of his mind he would, in
the end, conclude with these words : " It matters not,
man ; God hath many things in store for us ; and I
know many means to do her Majesty good service, and
to make us rich ; for we must have gold before we see
England"; when, good gentleman, (in my conceit), it
fared with him as with some careless living man who
prodigally consumes his time, fondly persuading himself
XII 65 E

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

that the nurse that fed him in his childhood will likewise
nourish him in his old age, and, finding the dug dried
and withered, enforced then to behold his folly, tormented
in mind, dieth with a starved body.' To redeem his
favour with the Queen, Drake had thought to repeat
some of his brilliant early exploits. No good thing can be
repeated ; and this last voyage saw a dramatic reversal of
his most fortunate achievements. His forces were repulsed

Death of at Las Palmas and at Puerto Rico. Here Hawkins
sickened and died. They sacked and burned Rio de la
Hacha, seized Nombre de Dios, and thence sent forward a
land expedition to surprise and plunder Panama. The
isthmus was held in force by Spain, and the English
were beaten off. Drake's chief hopes were now shattered,
and he did what he had seldom done while his star
prevailed; he asked the advice of his officers. 'Since
our return from Panama,' says Maynarde, ' he never
carried mirth nor joy in his face ; yet no man he loved
must conjecture that he took thought thereof.' It was
resolved to make an attempt on Granada, Leon, and the
towns on the Lake of Nicaragua. The course was laid
for St. John's Harbour, but the wind was steadily against
them ; sickness broke out in the crews, and after some
weeks' struggle, Drake * resolved to depart, and to take
the wind as God sent it.' He had been attacked by the
prevalent sickness; on the morning of the 28th of

Death of January, 1596, he died, and was buried in the sea off
Puerto Bello. * He was as famous,' says Stow, ' in
Europe and America, as Tamburlaine in Asia and
Africa.' When the news of his death was brought^
there was joy in Spain, and the people felt that the
heavy hand of God had at last been lifted from them.

66

THE VOYAGERS

The three great Vice-Admirals who defeated the Armada
were now dead; for Frobisher had died in 1594, of a
wound received at the work of dislodging the Spaniards

from the coast of Brittany. The Lord High Admiral, ^^^^^

^ ° yoyagers.

Lord Charles Howard of Effingham, under whose

command they had all served, led a great armament to

Cadiz in the summer of 1596, seized the city, and

inflicted enormous damage on the shipping in the

harbour. He was created Earl of Nottingham, and

lived on to an advanced old age. And how many more

are there not, whose names are less famous, and whose

deeds, recorded or unrecorded by Hakluyt, served to

raise the name of their country .? John Oxenham,

Drake's follower, the first Englishman who launched a

boat on the Pacific ; Captain Thomas Fenner, one of

three brothers, each of whom commanded a ship against

the Armada ; Captain Edward Fenton, who explored

the Arctic Seas, and harried the ships of Spain ; George

Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, who made ten voyages

in twelve years ; Sir William Monson, author of the

Naval Tracts^ who began as a common sailor on board

a merchantman, and rose to be an Admiral ; or James

Lancaster, who in the years immediately after Hakluyt's

publication opened a way for English commerce to the

East ; — all these deserve celebration. And the sailors '^^^

, 111-1 -1 • 1 Elizabethan

who manned the ships, who ate putrid penguins and mariners.

drank bilge-water on strange seas, and who often, when

their service to their country was rendered, pined in

foreign prisons, or died by hundreds of starvation and

cold and plague in the streets of the sea-ports of

England, — they most pass without other memorial than

the saying of the Lord High Admiral, ' God send us

67

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

to see such a company together again, when need is.*
They were a cheerful race; and, as Drake says, when
they were blessed with some little comfortable dew of
heaven, some crowns, or some reasonable booties, they
would take good heart again, although they were half

i^^ . dead. Last of all, and among: the most characteristic

Gentlemen . °

Adventurers, figures of the Elizabethan age, there are the gentlemen
adventurers, the ambitious courtiers like Essex, the
single-minded warriors, like Grenville, the spendthrift
sons of fortune, like Cavendish, to whom the world
was their oyster, which with their sword they must
open. Never was there a set of men worse adapted
for the sober business of establishing a colony, or
governing a subject race ; yet they too were servants
of the Empire, and cleared a way for those who came
after them. Long generations of training and many
hard blows were needed before the British race learned
those lessons of justice and tact and tolerance which
every Civil Servant in India must have by heart, now
that the round world is mapped and settled. Whatever
their faults, these Elizabethans bear the stamp of the
heroic age; they lived in an illimitable world, and had
nothing about them of tame civility. They are arrogant,
excessive, indomitable, inquisitive, madmen in resolution,
and children at heart. The great fight of the Revenge
was undertaken against all the rules of orthodox naval

5ir Richard tactics, and in defiance of common sense. Its hero,
says Linschoten, ' was of so hard a complexion, that
as he continued among the Spanish captains, while
they were at dinner or supper with him, he would
carouse three or four glasses of wine, and in a bravery
take the glasses between his teeth and crash them in

68

THE VOYAGERS

pieces and swallow them down, so that oftentimes the
blood ran out of his mouth/ In his own age his
action off the Azores was recognised as something out
of the beaten path of history, and to be matched only
by poetry in its strongest and highest flights. * In
the year 1591,* says Bacon, 'was that memorable The Last
fight of an English ship called the Revenge^ under the jif^,g^L^
command of Sir Richard Grenville, memorable (I say)
even beyond credit and to the height of some heroical
fable: and though it were a defeat, yet it exceeded a
victory ; being like the act of Samson, that killed more
men at his death, than he had done in the time of all
his life. This ship, for the space of fifteen hours, sate
like a stag amongst hounds at bay, and was sieged
and fought with, in turn, by fifteen great ships of
Spain, part of a navy of fifty-five ships in all ; the rest like
abettors looking on afar oflF. And amongst the fifteen
ships that fought, the great San Philippo was one ; a
ship of fifteen hundred ton, prince of the twelve Sea-
Apostles^ which was right glad when she was shifted oflF
from the Revenge, This brave ship the Revenge^ being
manned only with two hundred soldiers and marines
whereof eighty lay sick, yet nevertheless after a fight
maintained (as was said) of fifteen hours, and two ships
of the enemy sunk by her side, besides many more
torn and battered, and great slaughter of men, never
came to be entered, but was taken by composition ; the
enemies themselves having in admiration the virtue of
the commander and the whole tragedy of that ship/

Thomas Cavendish, who served as a volunteer under Thomas
Sir Richard Grenville in the Virginian Expedition of 1585, ^^^^«^^'^^'
is perhaps the most typical of the adventurous gallants of

69

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

the time. Like Bassanio, in The Merchant of Venice^ he
had

'disabled his estate
By something showing a more swelling port
Than his faint means would grant continuance ' ;

and in 1586, encouraged by the success of Drake, he
furnished three ships to go in quest of the golden fleece.
His voyage round the world was completed in a shorter
time than Drake's; he returned in September, 1588, soon
after the repulse of the Armada. The nature of his
doings by the way is well set forth by himself in a letter
H'u methods, to Lord Hunsdon : — * I navigated alongst the coast of
Chili, Peru, and Nueva Espana, where I made great
spoils : I burnt and sunk nineteen sails of ships, small
and great. All the villages and towns that ever I landed
at, I burnt and spoiled ; and had I not been discovered
upon the coast, I had taken great quantity of treasure.'
This account is not complete. He also slaughtered the
Indians, devastated crops and orchards, and wherever he
could lay hands on the symbols of ancient Christianity,
crosses and images, he destroyed them with great zest.
His violent and petulant temper breaks forth in his last
melancholy letter, written when his second voyage, under-
taken in 1 59 1, had failed, and he was a broken man.
His crew are * hell-hounds' ; and John Davis, whose
ship had been separated from the others by storms, is
' that villain, that hath been the death of me and the
decay of this whole action.' Boastful and brave, careless
of others, unflinching, unrelenting, unforgiving. Caven-
dish has yet that intensity and wholeness of purpose
which is the pith and marrow of great deeds.

The greatest adventurer of them all lived on into the

70

THE VOYAGERS

next reign, to be a monument of the age that was irre-
coverably past, and, by his death, to cast a stain (if any-
thing so dark and small can take a stain) on the character
of James I. Of all the notable Elizabethans, Sir Walter ^^> Salter
Raleigh is perhaps the most difficult to understand. He
has the insolent imagination of Marlowe, and the pro-
found melancholy of Donne. 'The mind of man,' he
says in his History of the Worlds ' hath two ports, the one
always frequented by the entrance of manifold vanities ;
the other desolate and overgrown with grass, by which
enter our charitable thoughts and divine contemplations.'
Both gates of his mind stood open ; worldly hopes and
braggart ambitions crowd and jostle through one entrance,
but the monitors of death and eternity meet them, and
whisper them in the ear. He schemes elaborately, even
while he believes that ' the long day of mankind draweth
fast towards an evening, and the world's tragedy and time
are near at an end.' The irony of human affairs pos-
sesses his contemplation ; his thoughts are high and
fanciful ; he condescends to action, and fails, as all those
fail whose work is done stooping. He is proud, sardonic,
and aloof. His own boast is true — * There is none on
the face of the earth that I would be fastened unto.'
He takes part with others in no movement, and stakes
little or nothing on the strength of human ties. The
business of men on this earth seems trivial and insignifi-
cant against the vast desert of eternity ; and great deeds
alone are worth doing, for they, when they perish, add
pomp to the triumph of death and oblivion.

His political schemes are grandiose and far-reaching: His pride,
the mere unfolding of them dwarfs the exploits of more
practical men. Has Cavendish gained fame by plun-

n

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

dering the Spaniard ? ' It became not the former
fortune/ says Raleigh, ' in which I once lived, to go
journeys of picory; it had sorted ill with the offices of
honour, which by her Majesty's grace I hold this day
in England, to run from cape to cape, and from place to
place, for the pillage of ordinary prizes/ Has Drake
earned praise and reward for his assaults on the Indies ?
* The King of Spain,* says Raleigh, ' is not so impover-
ished by taking three or four port towns in America as
we suppose, neither are the riches of Peru, or Nueva
Espana, so left by the sea side, as it can be easily washed
away with a great flood or springtide, or left dry upon
the sands on a low ebb.* So he introduces his promise
of El Dorado, the finding in Guiana of a better and richer
Indies for her Majesty than the Indies of the King of
Spain.
Bacon on The whole problem of English policy is admirably
ea-powet, s^niniarised by Bacon in his Considerations touching a War
with Spain. ' For money/ he says, * no doubt it is
the principal part of the greatness of Spain ; for by that
they maintain their veteran army ; and Spain is the only
State of Europe that is a money grower. But in this
part, of all others, is most to be considered the ticklish
and brittle state of the greatness of Spain. Their great-
ness consisteth in their treasure, their treasure in the
Indies, and their Indies (if it be well weighed) are indeed
but an accession to such as are masters by sea. So as
this axle-tree, whereupon their greatness turneth, is soon
cut in two by any that shall be stronger than they by
sea.* Drake and the seamen had put this argument
into action; Raleigh, though no one better knew the
importance of sea-power, must needs give it an original

72

THE VOYAGERS

turn. It is useless, he says, to cripple the Spanish navy ; Raleigh on

. . . , J 1 T^- r o ' ihe importance

in a year the losses are repaired, and the King or bpain ^^^/^

'beginneth again like a storm to threaten shipwrack
to us all. ... It is his Indian gold that endangereth
and disturbeth all the nations of Europe.' The way
to defeat him is to appropriate a richer source of gold
than any in his dominion. It seems likely that Raleigh
was already chasing the phantom of El Dorado when
he urged the settlement of Virginia. Then stories and
fables reached him from the South American continent,
and in 1595 he led his expedition up the Orinoco, and
recorded his adventures in his tract. The 'Discovery of the Guiana.
Large^ Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana^ printed in
the following year. The tract has been condemned as
being full of impostures and deceits. On the contrary,
it is soberly and veraciously written ; the disappointing
results of the expedition are accurately recorded, but
so strong is the author's belief in his preconceived idea,
that, from the title onward, his narrative conveys the
impression of great things on the verge of achievement
and untold wealth ready at a touch to fall into England's
lap. It is the work of a poet, who bridles in his
struggling Muse with pain. The will-o'-the-wisp of
gold, which had led a thousand adventurers by devious
paths about the world, led Raleigh to the scaffold,
where he found relief from * those inmost and soul-
piercing wounds which are ever^ aching while uncured,'
and expiated his pride and his dreams. His death marks The last great
the end of the heroic age; with him the poets and
architects who had prophesied and planned pass away,
and the accountants and builders begin their long and
tedious task of erecting the fabric of the Empire.

73

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

II

Richard RicHARD Hakluyt, the recorder of all these matters,
akuyt. desired no memorial save his book. His relics lie buried
under the ' star-ypointing pyramid' which, by his own
incessant labour, he erected to the honour of his country.
' Master of Arts,' he calls himself, ' and sometime
Student of Christ Church in Oxford.' Except to show
that he is not unqualified for his task, and to express
his gratitude to the learned foundations where he had
his training, he does not speak of himself. He is a
Scholar, Bibliographer, and Editor, and so has a threefold
title to modesty and self-renunciation. On the title-page
of his first book, the Divers Voyages of 1582, his name
does not appear ; in the second and third volumes of
the Voyages he pays his tribute to the Church of which
he was a minister by describing himself as ' Richard
Hakluyt, Preacher.' He was less of a preacher than
was his disciple, Samuel Purchas, and his book is the
gainer by it. No biography of him, in any full sense
of that word, is possible. Except for a few bare facts
and dates, all that we know of him is told us by himself,
in his Prefaces and his few extant letters. No portrait
of him has been recovered. He was buried in West-
minster Abbey, but no inscription marks his grave, nor
is it known in what part of the Church he lies.

His modesty. There can be no doubt that this obscurity was of his
own choosing ; and belonged, as of right, to his character
and temper. He had many famous and influential
friends, and was constantly in traffic with them for the
enrichment of his book. They answered his questions,

74

RICHARD HAKLUYT

gave him their help, were led to think on the topics
he had broached, and thought nothing further of the
questioner. He acknowledges his obligations to many His friends,
* virtuous gentlemen,' who, partly from their private
affection to himself, but chiefly from their devotion to
the furtherance of his work, had lent him their assist-
ance. Sir John Hawkins and Sir Walter Raleigh helped
him with the Western voyages. William Burrough,
Clerk of her Majesty's Navy, and Anthony Jenkinson,
the Russian traveller, gave him the benefit of their
experience for the voyages to the North East. The
Lord Treasurer, Burghley, let him have access to a
cabinet, or museum, of curiosities brought home by
travellers. Sir Robert Cecil, in 1597, consulted him
concerning the country of Guiana, and whether it were
fit to be planted by the English. Sir Philip Sidney,
Sir Francis Walsingham, and Lord Howard of Effing-
ham, the Lord High Admiral of England, accepted his
dedications, approved his purposes, and held converse
with him. Mercator, Ortelius, Thevet, and other foreign
cosmographers and scholars were his friends and corres-
pondents. Yet it is vain to look for traces of him
among the works and memorials of the brilliant com-
pany that knew him in life. He is the silent man, His character,
seated in the dark corner, who is content to listen and
remember, and whose questions, interpolated from time
to time, divert attention from himself, and direct it to
the moving tales that come in answer to them.

His own allusions to himself, though they are not
infrequent, bear curious witness to his complete absorp-
tion in his theme. Where he mentions himself it is
to give authenticity to the remarks and memories which

75

Personal
Reminiscences.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

he has collected in conversation. These stray references
reveal him to us as indefatigable in research, at the
Court, or on the highway, losing no opportunity of
adding a single fact or observation to his store. We
learn that at Paris he talked twice with Don Antonio,
the Portuguese Pretender, who showed him a map of
the North West passage ; and with * five or six of his
best captains and pilots, one of whom was born in East
India.' We find him ' in the Queen's privy gallery at
Westminster,' or in the King's Library at Paris, or
introduced by his friend, the Bishop of Chichester, to
Lord Lumley's stately library, examining globes, con-
sulting originals, copying manuscripts. Or he is in
conversation with Mr. Jennings and Mr. Smith,
'the master and master's mate of the ship called the
Tohy^ belonging to Bristol,' who bring him tales from
Spain concerning the natives of Florida; or with 'an
English gentleman. Captain MuiFett,' who has been a
prisoner in Spain, and reports how the King of Spain
fears nothing so much as the planting of an English
colony in America ; or with a nameless sailor, ' one of
mine acquaintance of Ratcliffe,' who tells how the French
fishers attacked the Spanish fishers at Newfoundland,
and how he, the English sailor, in the name of fair
play, defended the Spaniards. So we catch glimpses of
Richard Hakluyt wandering and enquiring without rest
or remission. He has friends among French sailors ;
one of them, Stephen Bellinger of Rouen, gives him
a piece of supposed silver ore, and shows him beasts'
skins, dressed and painted by the Indians ; another shows
him a piece of the tree called Sassafras, brought from
Florida, and expounds its high medicinal virtue. Mr.

76

RICHARD HAKLUYT

Pryhouse, of Guernsey, meets him in London, and
gives him news of the French scheme for colonising
Canada ; another friend, unnamed, brings him an account
of the setting up of a saw-mill in Worcestershire,
which suggests to him that saw-mills might be set up
on the Virginian coast. Among all these, his friends Never-ending
and fellows, the Preacher moves like a shadow, giving
his heart to search out concerning all things that are
done under heaven, exercised with sore travail, and
writing words of truth. The English nation may well
be proud of him, and glad that, while its great destinies
were still in the making, there lived a man quick
enough to discern the significance of the deeds done
around him, and steady enough, in purpose and perse-
verance, to encounter and overcome the difficulties of
giving to them an enduring chronicle.

He was born, probably in London, about the year The Life of
1553. His family belonged to Eyton, or Yatton, in ^ ^^ '
Herefordshire, and from the time of Edward II onward,
supplied not a few sheriffs and members of Parliament to
the service of the country. The family was English, and
the name, in its accepted form, owes its alien suggestion
to the preservation of archaic spelling. It was pro-
nounced, and sometimes spelt, Hacklewit. So Drayton,
in his Ode to the Virginian Voyage :

* Thy Voyages attend,

Industrious Hackluit ;
Whose reading shall inflame
Men to seek fame,

And much commend

To after times thy wit.'

Richard Hakluyt was early left an orphan, and possibly
was under the guardianship of the cousin to whom he

77

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

owed his initiation and calling. He was educated at

Westmmter Westminster School, where he was a Queen's Scholar.

and Christ ' . .

Church. Thence he passed to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1570,

and proceeded in due course to the degree of Bachelor of

Arts in 1574, and of Master of Arts in 1577. But

before ever he went to Oxford he had taken the ply that

shaped his whole life. There is something of ritual and

emphasis in the unusual detail with which he tells Sir

Francis Walsingham of his chance visit, in his boyhood,

to his cousin, also called Richard Hakluyt, of the Middle

Temple. A map of the world lay on the table, and

Master Richard Hakluyt took occasion to give his young

cousin a lesson in geography, showing how knowledge

had been recently advanced ; explaining also (what seems

to have been his own special study) the application of

geography to commerce, and enumerating the products

and the wants of each country. Then, although no vows

were uttered, there followed a kind of dedication of the

Preacher to his life's work. ' From the map,' says

Hakluyt, ' he brought me to the Bible, and turning to

the 107th Psalm, directed me to the twenty-third and

twenty-fourth verses, where I read that they which go down

to the sea in ships^ and occupy by the great waters^ they see the

works of the Lord and His wonders in the deep. Which

words of the Prophet, together with my cousin's discourse

(things of high and rare delight to my young nature)

took in me so deep an impression that I constantly

resolved, if ever I were preferred to the University,

where better time and more convenient place might be

ministered for these studies, I would by God's assistance

prosecute that knowledge and kind of literature, the doors

whereof (after a sort) were so happily opened before me/

78

His

ordination.

RICHARD HAKLUYT

At Oxford, in the time he could save from prescribed fH^ ^ork at
studies, he set himself to read and master all the Travels ^^'
and Voyages extant in Greek, Latin, Italian, French,
English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The first five of these
languages he acquired ; Spanish remained long unknown to
him, if we may judge from his habit of quoting Spanish
treatises in Italian, French or English translations.
Having taken his Master's degree, he lectured, ' in the
common schools,' on the subject nearest to his heart, and
was the first, he says, to demonstrate the advance of geo-
graphy by comparing the new * lately reformed maps,
globes, and spheres ' with the old inaccurate representa-
tions. He mentions these lectures but slightly, and we
do not know who were his audience. Thomas Lodge, the
dramatist, whose father was interested in navigation, and
who voyaged with Cavendish, may possibly have attended
them. In 1582 the first-fruits of the Preacher's study
appeared, with a dedication to Sir Philip Sidney. The title
of this book (which has been reprinted by the Hakluyt
Society) gives a clue to the patriotic ambitions of its
author. It is called Divers voyages touching the discoverie His first booi
of America and the Hands adjacent unto the same^ made first
of all by our Englishmen and afterwards by the Frenchmen
and Britons, It is in effect a pamphlet and collection of
documents in support of England's prior claim to possess
and settle the coast of America. In the dedication the
main idea is expounded. ' The time approacheth,' says
Hakluyt, ' and now is, that we of England may share
and part stakes (if we will ourselves), both with the
Spaniard and the Portingale, in part of America and other
regions as yet undiscovered.' There is good hope, he
says, that, besides possessing America, we may find out a

79

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

short and easy passage, by the North West, to more
distant lands. And for these purposes what is chiefly
necessary is a good system of technical education in
nautical affairs.

Nautical Throughout his life Hakluyt continued to urge on
ucatton. ^^^ government and public the importance of sound
nautical education. His scheme, though nothing came
of it, was a modest one. A lectureship should be
established ' in London or about Ratcliffe, in some con-
venient place ' ; and he tells how Sir Francis Drake
offered twenty pounds a year to this end ; but forty
pounds a year was found needful to secure a fit man,
and, no other donor presenting himself, the scheme fell
through. The Spaniards, says Hakluyt, maintain at
the Contractation House, or Exchange, in Seville, a
learned Reader in the art of Navigation: and no-one
is given charge of ships for the Indies until he has
attended the instructions of the Reader and has satisfied
a board of examiners who are joined with the Reader
to test theoretical and practical knowledge. This Reader-
ship, he points out, has already given to Spain the
services of learned writers on the art of navigation, as

Spanish £qj. instance Geronimo de Chavez, and Pedro de Medina,
whose works are text-books for the navigators of all
nations.^ What Hakluyt desires, in short, is a Nautical
University or Faculty, where men may be trained and
graduated in all the sciences and crafts that are necessary
to furnish forth the complete navigator, and to make
him an efficient servant of his country. He returns to

1 Pedro de Medina's Arte de Navegar (1545) was translated into
English by John Frampton and published in London in 1581, a
year before Hakluyt's Divers Foyages.

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RICHARD HAKLUYT

the subject in his later dedications, pressing it on the
attention of the Lord High Admiral and of Sir Robert
Cecil. His was a voice crying in the wilderness ; and to
this day the naval and military professions have no
dealings with University education. The man who
should bring these into touch, who should enlist
soldiers and sailors for the furtherance of knowledge,
and give to the Army and Navy and Merchant service
officers wide awake to the scientific opportunities of
their calling, would be a benefactor to his country and
a worthy disciple of Hakluyt. One at least of Hak-
luyt's ideas has had a very recent fulfilment. In his Tropical
dedication of the Third Volume of his Voyages (1600)
to Sir Robert Cecil he speaks of a short treatise, which
he had lying by him, touching The curing of hot diseases
incident to travellers in long and Southern voyages^ by one
George Watson. He intended to include it in his book,
but desisted, because it was very defective, and a certain
Doctor Gilbert promised that the whole College of
Physicians should confer, and produce something autho-
ritative on the diseases of hot and cold regions. So the
founders of recent Schools of Tropical Medicine are
also disciples of Hakluyt.

Before the publication of his first book, Hakluyt
must have moved from Oxford to London, in what
capacity we do not know. Early in 1582 we find him
in correspondence with Sir Francis Walsingham, who
treats him as a recognised authority on Western discovery.
It is a strange thing that he, the recorder of the Voyages,
should have taken part in none of them. We hear of
two Expeditions which he thought of accompanying.
One was Drake's West Indies voyage of 1585. The

XII 81 F

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Hakluyt in
Paris.

His chief
origLtialwork.

His great
Book.

Church
preferment.

Other was the fatal voyage of Sir Humphrey Gilbert in
1583. What detained him, or changed his purpose
does not appear; in the year of Gilbert's voyage he
was appointed chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, Queen
Elizabeth's ambassador in Paris, and remained for five
years in France. Stafford was brother-in-law to Howard
of Effingham, so that it seems likely that in this case,
as in others, Hakluyt's preferment came to him from
his interest in nautical affairs. He was on terms of
intimacy with the Gilberts and Raleigh ; his Discourse
of Western Plantings presented to the Queen in the
autumn of 1584, was written at the request of Raleigh,
and was inspired by the reports of Captains Amadas
and Barlow. It is the longest and most valuable of his
extant original writings, though his unvarying modesty
prevented its inclusion in his Voyages. In Paris he
devoted himself with energy to the preparation of the
book which was now the goal of all his efforts — a
collection of the voyages undertaken by Englishmen.
The first edition of The Principal Navigations^ in one
folio volume, appeared in 1589. Then followed ten
more years of labour, and the second and final edition,
in three folio volumes, was given to the world in 1598
and the two following years.

In the meantime, ecclesiastical preferment had come
to him. In 1586, while he was in France, he became
prebendary of Bristol, and in 1590 rector of Wethering-
sett in Suffolk. The date of his marriage is uncertain ;
in his dedication, to Sir Robert Cecil, of his Third
Volume (1600), he speaks of his profession of divinity
and the care of his family as having diverted him, for
some years past, from the main endeavour of his life. In

82

RICHARD HAKLUYT

1602 he was made prebendary, and in 1603 archdeacon,
of Westminster. He was also chaplain of the Savoy ;
and in 1612 obtained the rectory of Gedney in Lincoln-
shire. He died, seven months after Shakespeare, on the His death.
23rd of November 1616. He left a fair estate to an
unthrifty son, who is said to have squandered it. His
unpublished papers fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas,
who scattered them about the four volumes of his
Pilgrims^ 'after his irregular and curtailed or contracted
manner,' interspersed with remarks ' often silly, and
always little to the purpose.' But the inestimable value
of his materials has given Purchas a secure place beside
his greater predecessor.

Besides the Voyages^ Hakluyt was responsible for the Lesser works.
publication of several other works. He translated and
published, in 1587, Laudonniere's account of Florida;
in the same year he set forth an edition of the Decades of
Peter Martyr. In 1601 he published The Discoveries of
the World^ a translation of a treatise by Antonio Galvano,
the Portuguese governor of Ternate. His last work,
Virginia richly valued by the description of the maine land of
Florida her next neighbour^ appeared in 1 609 ; it is trans-
lated from a Portuguese account of Soto's expedition to
Florida. Moreover Hakluyt took pains for the con-
tinuance of the work he had begun, and endeavoured to
gather round him a school of younger men. English
translations of accepted standard v^orks on Africa, China,
and Nova Francia were undertaken and completed at
his suggestion and by his encouragement.

The quality of Hakluyt which most impressed his The apotheosis
contemporaries was his enormous industry. He often ^^'^ ^^^^^'
speaks of this himself, and confesses that only an ardent

83

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

love of his country and care for her good name could
have induced him to undergo labours so tedious and
exhausting. ' I call the work a burden,' he says, ' in
consideration that these voyages lay so dispersed,
scattered, and hidden in several hucksters' hands, that
I now wonder at myself to see how I was able to
endure the delays, curiosity, and backwardness of many
from whom I was to receive my originals.' And again :
'What restless nights, what painful days, what heat,
what cold I have endured; how many long and charge-
able journeys I have travelled; how many famous
libraries I have searched into ; what variety of ancient
and modern writers 1 have perused; what a number of
old records, patents, privileges, letters, etc., I have re-
deemed from obscurity and perishing ; into how manifold
acquaintance I have entered ; what expenses I have not
spared ; and yet what fair opportunities of private gain,
preferment and ease I have neglected ; albeit thyself
canst hardly imagine, yet I by daily experience do
find and feel, and some of my entire friends can suffi-
ciently testify.' In process of time, no doubt, his work
grew easier, as his purpose became known to a wider
circle, and travellers of their own accord brought him
Chance finds, material. The raids on the West Indies yielded him,
as he confesses, some good literary profit. In 1592,
off the Azores, Robert Crosse captured the huge Madre
de T)tos\ a Latin treatise on China, written in the year
1590, was found among the spoils, and given to Hakluyt.
It was ' enclosed in a case of sweet cedar-wood, and
lapped up almost an hundred fold in fine calicut-cloth,
as though it had been some incomparable jewel.' But
for all his treasure-troves, his labours must have been

84

RICHARD HAKLUYT

unendinsf. His life is a notable example of how single- T'he moral of
ness or purpose and dogged persistence, in a man not
endowed, so far as we can tell, with any of the more
brilliant attributes of genius, lead him, as if inevitably, to
high achievement and lasting fame.

His main purpose he has himself declared. He '^^^
belongs to that stalwart race of clerics who, next to England. '
the Kingdom of Heaven, love a fight ; but .fighting is
the accident of his book, not the essential. The dis-
covery of the world and the expansion of England are
what make his heart beat faster; he is a zealot of the
map and of the flag. He knows that he lives in an age
of great attempts; the reproach of sluggishness and lack
of enterprise, which was fastened on England during the
earlier years of discovery, is now clean wiped away, and
the English are at home on every sea. ^ In this most
famous and peerless government of her most excellent
Majesty, her subjects, through the special assistance and
blessing of God, in searching the most opposite corners
and quarters of the world, and, to speak plainly, in com-
passing the vast globe of the earth more than once, have
excelled all the nations and people of the earth.' They
started without those advantages of science and ancient
learning which befriended the Portuguese; the parts of
the world that were left for them to discover were more
difficult and dangerous than ' the mild, lightsome,
temperate, and warm Atlantic Ocean, over which the
Spaniards and Portugals have made so many pleasant,
prosperous and golden voyages.' Yet they redeemed
their delay, and are become the teachers and pilots of
others. The Dutch, says Hakluyt, deserve commenda- P^pl^of
tion for their Northern voyages, * yet with this proviso ;

85

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

The founding
of Colonies.

Hakluyt and
Virginia.

that our English nation led them the dance, brake the ice
before them, and gave them good leave to light their
candle at our torch.' Again and again his pride in his
country, and admiration for her valorous seamen, make
themselves apparent in the warmth and eloquence of
his speech.

But the gain of these last happy years can be made
good, he holds, in one way only, by claiming and
settling the lands of the New World. It does not fall
to Hakluyt to record any successful English attempt
at colonisation. None the less, it is this that is the
very sea-mark of his utmost sail. The history of his
active life begins with the colonising schemes of Gilbert,
Sidney and Raleigh ; it ends with the colonisation of
Virginia achieved at last, and the offer to himself of the
living of James Town, which he prudently supplied by
a curate. From first to last he preached the benefits of
colonising for the furtherance of trade and the honest
employment of the people. Statesmen and economists,
from Sir Thomas More onwards, had complained of the
multitude of loiterers and idle vagabonds in England,
thrown out of work by the enclosure of land. Hakluyt
adds his testimony, and offers a remedy. ' Our prisons
are pestered and filled,' he says, 'with able men to serve
their Country, which for small robberies are daily hanged
up in great numbers, even twenty at a clap, out of one
gaol (as was seen at the last Assizes at Rochester).'
We should lead these people forth into the temperate
and fertile parts of America, ' which, being within six
weeks sailing of England, are yet unpossessed of any
Christians, and seem to offer themselves unto us, stretch-
ing nearer unto her Majesty's dominions than to any

86

RICHARD HAKLUYT

other part of Europe.' And, with a touch of learned
rhetoric very unusual in his writing, he invokes the
example of the Romans and Carthaginians, and of those
' small, weak, and unreasonable creatures,' the bees, who
are led out by their captains to seek themselves a new
dwelling-place. He lent a hand in all schemes that
might lead to colonisation, and was one of the Company
of Merchants to whom Raleigh assigned his Virginian
patent in 1588. After the premature death of Sir
Humphrey Gilbert the man who more than any other
took upon himself the toil, and earned the credit, of
establishing England's first colony, was Richard Hakluyt.
There is no touch of the fanatic about him, for all
his zeal. His reflections and advice on every subject His practical
that he handles are shrewd, cool and practical. He desires,
for instance, the evangelisation of the Indies, but he
will be no party to hasty methods. 'The means,' he
says, ' to send such as shall labour effectually in this
business is, by planting one or two colonies of our nation
upon that firm,' {i.e. mainland) 'where they may remain
in safety and first learn the language of the people near
adjoining (the gift of tongues being now taken away),
and by little and little acquaint themselves with their
manner, and so with discretion and mildness distill into
their purged minds the sweet and lively liquor of the
gospel.' He keeps an open eye for all the material
advantages that may attend the . possession of a distant
colony. Chief of these is ' the advancing of navigation, His zeal for
the very walls of this our Island.' Complaints have long ^^^^^^ ^^^'
been rife, he says, of the decay of our navy; and the
means taken to encourage our people to a sea-faring life
have met with very partial success. Queen Elizabeth,

87

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Benefits of
long voyages.

Commercial
Geography.

in 1563, had ordained that Wednesday should be ^a new
fish day,' the eating of meat being restrained to the end
that fishermen and mariners should find a market for
their takings. Yet little benefit to shipping had followed
from indirect measures like this. 'At this day/ says
Hakluyt, writing in 1584, * I am assured that there are
scarce two ships of two hundred tons belonging to the
whole city of Bristol, and very few or none of the like
burden along the channel of the Severn, from Gloucester
to the Lands End on the one side, and Milford Haven
on the other. Now, to remedy this great and unknown
want, no enterprise possibly can be devised more fit to
increase our great shipping than this Western fortifying
and planting. . . . Moreover, in the judgment of those
that are expert in sea causes, it will breed more skilful,
cunning and stout pilots and mariners than other belong-
ing to this land. For it is the long voyages (so they
be not too excessive long, nor through intemperate
climates, as those of the Portingales into their West
Indies) that harden seamen, and open unto them the
secrets of navigation.' Hakluyt, in short, perceived that
the supremacy of the sea could hardly be achieved by a
nation whose ships were mainly occupied in the coasting
trade. He is no less concerned for the welfare of trade.
From his cousin of the Middle Temple he had early
learned the value of what is now called commercial
geography. In his Voyages are printed many papers of
minute and careful instruction for factors and merchants
visiting foreign countries. The most remarkable of these.
Remembrances for a Factor at Constantinople^ is written by
Richard Hakluyt the elder, and contains a reasoned
defence of the practical study of beasts and fowls, herbs

88

RICHARD HAKLUYT

and trees, their properties and uses. 'If this care had

not been heretofore in our ancestors, then had our life

been savage now; for then we had not had wheat nor

rye, pease nor beans, barley nor oats, pear nor apple,

vine, nor many other profitable and pleasant plants ;

bull nor cow, sheep nor swine, horse nor mare, cock

nor hen, nor a number of other things that we enjoy,

without which our life were to be said barbarous; for

these things, and a thousand that we use more, the first

inhabitors of this Island found not here.' By way of

example the latest importations of strange commodities

are cited, including some of those commemorated in the

popular rhyme :

* Turkeys, Carps, Hops, Pickerels, and Beer,
Came into England all in one year/

The Voyages record many great deeds ; but their
editor scorns nothing as trivial, if it is likely to be of
service for the material prosperity of England.

This strong practical bent and concrete habit of The Method
mind served the Preacher well in the designing and °<^^^^ ^^-^' ^
ordering of his book. He is not misled by any
encyclopaedic ambitions or by the lust of universality.
It is a credit to him, greater than can be readily conceived
by our scientific and empiric age, that he sets himself to
record individual observations and particular experiences.
He had been educated after the fashion of the time, in the
vague generalities of the scholastic learning ; and he would
have none of them. It is the story of the travels of
this man and that man, he says, which bring us to a
certain and full knowledge of the world ; ' not those
weary volumes bearing the titles of Universal Cosmo-
graphy, which some men that I could name have pub-

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

lished as their own.' He is careful to ascertain and record
the name of the historian of each voyage, as well as the
name of the voyager, so that every man may ' answer
for himself, justify his reports, and stand accountable

Arrangement, for his own doings/ The classification and arrangement
of the voyages follow a like practical method. First,
as being the oldest, come the voyages to the South and
South East; then the North Eastern voyages, the
earliest of which were made under our Saxon Kings ;
and lastly, not without a purposed climax, the
voyages to the West and ' the beginnings and pro-
ceeding of the two English Colonies planted in Virginia.'
The voyages to the South West ('whereof I think the
Spaniard hath had some knowledge') were in fact by
far the most numerous, but they are given a small rela-
tive importance in Hakluyt's scheme. The West Indies
have a place in his epic not unlike the place of Carthage
in Virgil's poem ; they are visited by the founders of
the British Empire on the way to a greater destiny.

Haklup as To estimate Hakluyt's labours as an editor, it would

be necessary to collate his Voyages in detail with the
printed and manuscript originals, where these are re-
coverable. A good beginning has been made by the
Hakluyt Society; and the complete task, however
troublesome, will be no more than a just tribute to
those great charges and infinite cares, watchings, toils,
travels, and wearying out of his weak body, from which
the Preacher long ago found rest. A comparison of
some of his Voyages with the full originals, printed by
the Hakluyt Society, reveals him as a conscientious
Editor, wholly free from the vanity of self-assertion.
He follows his authorities word for word and takes few

90

RICHARD HAKLUYT

liberties with them. He omits nothing that tends to His omissions.
knowledge, though he has a ready pen to excise
what tends merely to edification. It was the habit of
his age to begin even a nautical diary with a few
remarks on the origin of the world, the history of
man, and the opinions of Plato. To these excrescences
the Preacher gives short shrift. If he was as severe
a critic of himself as of other men, his sermons must
have been models of terse and pointed exhortation.
Master George Best's Discourse of the three voyages
of Frobisher begins, in the original, with a dissertation
on the sundry employments and delights of men.
' Man is born ' — so the overture runs — ' not only to
serve his own turn (as Tully saith) ; but his kinsfolk,
friends, and the commonwealth especially, look for
some furtherance at his hands, and some fruits of his
labour : whereupon sundry men finding themselves as
it were tied by this bond and duty of human society,
have willingly endeavoured sundry ways to show them-
selves profitable members of their commonweal.' All
this, and much more, Hakluyt omits, to get on with
the practical business of the voyage : — ' First, it may be
gathered by experience of our Englishmen in Anno
1553,' and so forth. No doubt, by thus stripping off Utility his
the graces and ornaments of some of his pilgrims, he has
diminished the attraction of his book for a student of
our older literature ; but, on the other hand, he has
condensed within the covers of his three folio volumes
a far larger amount of valuable practical information
than could have been brought within the same compass
by a reverent modern editor. It was utility that he
valued ; more than the thanks of lovers of elegant

91

aim.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

prose he would have esteemed the profits of the East
India Company, which occupied some part of his later
thoughts, and which, according to Sir Thomas Smith,
were increased by twenty thousand pounds through
a careful study of the * Books of Voyages.'

III.

The Foyages Here, then, in this Book of Voyages, set down in
TfEl bth niatter-of-fact fashion, one after another, with no striv-
ing after beauty of form, and no care for dramatic
effect, are the records of the deeds that made England
great. Over against the plays of Shakespeare and his
fellows, as their natural counterpart, must be set the
Voyages of Hakluyt ; he who would understand the
Elizabethan age, and what it meant for England, must
know them both. * The word,' says Chaucer, * should
be cousin to the deed.' In a wider sense than he in-
tended, the word always is cousin to the deed ; and
the lives that men live express themselves inevitably in
the books that they write. That marvellous summer
time of the imagination, the Elizabethan age, with all
its wealth of flowers and fruit, was the gift to England
of the sun that bronzed the faces of the voyagers and
of the winds that carried them to the four quarters of
the world. Historians of literature have been prone to
treat the imaginative growth of the Elizabethan age as
if it were a problem of skilful gardening, an instance
of high success in the mysteries of transplanting, graft-
ing, forcing, and the like. But what nourished the
pale slips brought from abroad } They struck their

92

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

roots deep in a soil rich with the matter of life, and ►
breathed a genial and stimulating air. The dramatists
and poets were the children and inheritors of the
Voyagers.

Man's imagination is limited by the horizon of his T^he new
experience. When he attempts by guess-work to out- ^^^^^
go the bounds assigned, his frailty and ignorance stand
apparent; he is like a child explaining the world by its
doll's house. The irremovable boundaries of knowledge
are the same for every age ; human sense is feeble,
human reason whimsical and vain, human life short
and troubled. But every now and then, in the long
history of the race, there is a rift in the cloud, or a
new prospect gained by climbing. These are the great
ages of the world. Creation widens on the view,
and the air is alive with a sense of promise and expec-
tancy. Thus it was in the age of Elizabeth. The
recovery of the classics opened a long and fair vista
backwards ; the exploration of the New World seemed
to lift the curtain on a glorious future. And the Eng-
lish, the little parochial people, who for centuries had
tilled their fields and tended their cattle in their island
home, cut off from the great movements of European
policy, suddenly found themselves, by virtue of their
shipping, competitors for the dominion of the earth. It
is no wonder that their hearts distended with pride,
and, hardening in their strength, gloried. A new sense
of exaltation possessed the country, the exaltation of
knowledge and power. The rising tide of national
enthusiasm flooded the literature of the people, and
surprised the dwellers on many a high and dry inland
creek.

93

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Exotic ideals. Charles Lamb, who loved all that is familiar and
ancient and homely, somewhere expresses regret that
the plays of Shakespeare and some of his brother
dramatists hardly ever choose as their theme the simple
daily life of the England of their own time, the affairs
of the shop-keepers of Cheapside or of the countrymen
of Essex. Had the dramatists been of his mind, we
should have had no great English drama, and no Shake-
speare. The regret felt by Lamb is only natural ; he
was a true antiquary, and the touch of antiquity has
gilded the bucolics and citizens of Shakespeare's time.
Vulgarity and stupidity are amiable enough in dead
men. But the question at issue was a live question in
the time of Elizabeth. The men of the new school
turned impatiently away from the self-satisfied insularity
and rustic ineptitude of their forbears, and hastened to
become citizens of the world. The infection of foreign
literatures and foreign travel changed customs and manners
so fast that many sober observers stood aghast at the
rapidity of the movement, and the country rang with de-
nunciations of the innovators. In a single generation the
change was complete. At the time of Hawkins' earlier
voyages Gammer Gurtoits Needle was a comedy of the
newest fashion, and the highest reach of English tragedy
was still to be sought in the Miracle-plays ; before he
died Love's Labour s Lost and Doctor Faustus had been
seen on the boards of the London theatres. Action
The voyagers and imagination went hand in hand. If the voyagers
ofthouzht^ ^ explored new countries and trafficked with strange
peoples, the poets and dramatists went abroad too, and
rifled foreign nations, returning with far-fetched and
dear-bought wares ; or explored lonely and untried

94

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

recesses of the microcosm of man. One spirit of discovery
and exultant power animated both seamen and poets.
Shakespeare and Marlowe were, no less than Drake and
Cavendish, circumnavigators of the world.

The influence of the Voyages upon the great litera- The\methods
ture of the time has been little recognised, because the "^ ^^'^*
reflection of contemporary events in thought and
imagination is always indirect, difficult to outline, and
utterly unlike common expectation. When exact his-
torians complain of a poet that he does not hold up
the mirror to his own time, they are often merely com-
plaining that he is not a reporter, a retailer of names
and dates, the dupe of notoriety. Shakespeare, it is
often said, tells us more of Italy than of England ; yet
in Shakespeare's plays only the labels are Italian, while
every type of English character, from a king to a tinker,
is drawn to the life. Othello is a Tudor gentleman. Shakespeare
Petruchio, Bassanio, and a dozen others are adventurous England of
Elizabethan gallants. Osric is a courtly gull, Mercutio his time.
a courtly wit, Edgar in hear is a noble masquerading
as an Abram man, Autolycus is a cony-catcher. All
alike are heightened portraits of the men whom Shake-
speare had met and talked to at the Court, in the tavern,
or by the roadside. It is true that the names of the
great men of his own time seldom occur in his plays.
A living great man is celebrated chiefly by poetasters ;
who, for that matter, were not lacking to celebrate
Drake and Frobisher and Howard. A poet commonly
prefers to work with human material closer at hand,
easier to come at, not hedged around by popular
favour or on its guard against intimate research. He
will select at his own liking from the life around him,

95

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

build up his own greatness, and borrow a name from
ancient history or fable. But whatever is most charac-
teristic and vital in the life and thought of an age will
find utterance in its poetry, none the less. The im-
pressions recorded will perhaps have no very obvious
connection with the particular facts of history; they
will be those rather that strike the eye and fire the

The sentiment imagination of a child. The romance of sea-faring will
of the sea. • ir • r 11

express itselr not m an account or any one notable

exploit, with due credit allotted by name to all who

took part in it, but in some such vague memory and

sentiment as that of the American poet :

' I remember the black wharves, and the slips,

And the sea-tides tossing free,
And the Spanish sailors with bearded lips,
And the beauty and mystery of the ships.

And the magic of the sea.'

Poetry speaks only that which it knows, and testifies only
that which it has seen. What did the Elizabethan
poets know and see of the world of promise revealed
by the navigators?

Some direct and commendatory notice there was of
the most famous voyagers by name, and many poems,
some of them by good poets, were addressed to the
Warner on the adventurers on setting forth. The later books o{ Albion's
England ( 1 602), for instance, by William Warner, are
much concerned with the achievements recorded by
Hakluyt, and tribute is paid in passing to Hakluyt
himself. But Warner belongs to that older school of
Protestant poets who had their education chiefly from
the practice of metrical psalmody. His zeal is great,
and he gives high praise to many of the travellers, with
a full account, especially, of the North Eastern voyages

96

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

and the deeds of Willoughby, Chancelor, Burrough,
Jenkinson, Pet, and Jackman. But his style is less
inspiring than his subject. Except as an accompani-
ment to stocking-weaving, there are no good uses to
be found for verse of this kind :

* It is no common labour to
The river Ob to sail,
Howbeit Burrough did therein,
Not dangerless, prevail.

He through the foresaid frozen seas

In Lapland did arrive,
And thence, to expedite for Ob,

His labours did revive.'

The author gives advice which his readers will gladly Praise of
follow when, after touching briefly on the voyages of
Drake, Hawkins, Gilbert, Frobisher, and the rest, he
commends his audience to the Preacher :

'Omitted then, and named men
And lands (not here, indeed,
So written of as they deserve)
At large in Hakluit read.'

Perhaps the best of the poems dedicated to single Chapman's

J. • • r^ ^1 ^ T\ r^ • *^^ Guiana.'

expeditions is George Chapman s De Gutana carmen

Epicum (1596). It is crabbed, like almost all Chap-
man's verse, but it embodies the very spirit that sent
hundreds of young Englishmen over sea. The dream
of gold is dreamed again in the description of Raleigh's
purposed colony :

' Guiana, whose rich feet are mines of gold,
Whose forehead knocks against the roof of stars.
Stands on her tip-toes at fair England looking,
Kissing her hand, bowing her mighty breast.
And every sign of all submission making
To be her sister, and the daughter both
Of our most sacred maid.'
XII 97 G

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

The faith of The theme of the poem, however, is not gold,
oyagers. ^^^ ^^ expected miracle of Virtue rich ; it is Pat-
riotism, Honour, and the Faith that will risk all for
these :

' But you patrician spirits that refine
Your flesh to fire, and issue like a flame
On brave endeavours, knowing that in them
The tract of heaven in morn-like glory opens ;
That know you cannot be the kings of earth.
Claiming the rights of your creation,
And let the mines of earth be kings of you ;
That are so far from doubting likely drifts.
That in things hardest y'are most confident :
You that know death lives where power lives unused,
Joying to shine in waves that bury you,
And so make way for life even through your graves,
That will not be content with horse to hold
A thread-bare beaten way to home affairs ; . . .
You that herein renounce the course of earth,
And lift your eyes for guidance to the stars.
That live not for yourselves, but to possess
Your honour'd country of a general store ; . . .
You that are blest with sense of all things noble,
In this attempt your complete worths redouble/

The new The poem closes with a picture of the blissful com-
golden world, niunity that is to live on the banks of the Orinoco,
and of the new golden world, where peace and plenty
reign ; where learning is cherished and valour needs
no weapons ; where the old debate between rich and
poor is closed for ever :

* Where healthful recreations strow their meads,
And make their mansions dance with neighbourhood,
That here were drown'd in churlish avarice.'

Visions like these became familiar to the imagina-
tion of poets when every year was enlarging hope and
extending knowledge :

98

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

* Discovering daily more and more about,

In that immense and boundless ocean
Of Nature's riches, never yet found out.
Nor fore-clos'd with the wit of any man/

The new-born faith of the English in their national

speech took heart of grace from the discoveries of the

voyagers. Samuel Daniel, whose poem Musophilus (1601)

is a lonff passionate hymn in praise of the new ideals, ?^f5 . .
u J • -1 11. r u • Elizabethan

has expressed m a smgle couplet the two-told aspira- i^gal.

ation of the age:

^ What good is like to this.
To do worthy the writing, and to write
Worthy the reading, and the world's delight ? '

The re-discovered glories of the ancients had for a
time cast a damp upon national ambition. It seemed
a paltry vanity in a writer of English to hope to win
literary immortality for a speech shut up within the
limits of a single island, and cut off from close com-
merce with the countries which inherited the traditions
of Greece and Rome. By way of answer to this doubt
Daniel points prophetically to the New World. The
Ancients civilised their world ; another world has been
given to the Moderns to civilise ; the native gifts ^'^^ English
of Southern eloquence and poetry may hereafter be
* bettered by the patience of the North,' and may
achieve a yet greater fame :

* And who, in time, knows whither we may vent

The treasure of our tongue h To what strange shores
This gain of our best glory shall be sent

To enrich unknowing nations with our stores ?
What worlds in th' yet unformed Occident

May come refin'd with the accents that are ours?

Or who can tell for what great work in hand
The greatness of our style is now ordained ?

99

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

What powers it shall bring in, what spirits command ?

What thoughts let out, what humours keep restrained ?
What mischief it may powerfully withstand,

And what fair ends may thereby be attained ? '

The poets as Before the first acre of land beyond the seas had
builders ^^^^ effectively added to the dominion of England, the
poets had foretold the British Empire. The expansion
of England was, in the main, the work of the Eighteenth
Century ; but the soldiers and statesmen who planted
the Empire in India and Canada and the American
Colonies, were the successors and pupils of Hakluyt's
heroes ; it was theirs to build the fabric that had been
designed and to fulfil the prophecies that had been
uttered in the great age of imagination.
Influence of The chief influence of the Voyages on the English
on thousfit. imagination is not to be looked for in special tributes or
even in exalted prophecies like these. The new ferment
wrought in a deep and hidden fashion on the temper
and habits of the mind. All preconceived notions and
beliefs concerning cosmography, history, politics and
society were made ridiculous by the new discoveries.
The widened The world had been opened up by the fanatical self-
confidence of visionaries, and had proved to be wilder
than their wildest fancies. New kingdoms were to be
had for the taking. Powers and virtues unknown to
the peoples of the Old World had perhaps been pre-
served through the ages in remote and fortunate islands.
All things became possible ; credulity was wiser than
experience ; and the wonders reported were reckoned
merely the first-fruits of greater things to come. The
society of the Old World meanwhile was rent in twain
by the schism in the Christian Church. Great monarchies
were tottering to their fall. The signs and portents

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

of the times pointed to the beginning of a new age,

when the riches and power of the world should be the

prize of bold adventurers, and courage the only passport

to success.

The argument from the Voyages is set forth explicitly ^P^^^^^ ^
• riT--/^ argument.

by Spenser m a well-known passage of the Faerie ^ueene.

His fairy world, he says, has been condemned by some

as the forgery of an idle brain.

* But let that man with better sense advize,

That of the world least part to us is red ;

And daily how through hardy enterprise

Many great Regions are discovered,

Which to late age were never mentioned.

Who ever heard of th' Indian Peru ?

Or who in venturous vessel measured

The Amazon huge river, now found trew ?
Or fruitfullest Virginia who did ever vew ?

Yet all these were, when no man did them know.

Yet have from wisest ages hidden been ;

And later times thinges more unknowne shall show.

Why then should witless man so much misweene

That nothing is but that which he hath seene ?

What if within the Moones fayre shining sphere,

What if in every other starre unseene

Of other worldes he happily should heare.
He wonder would much more ; yet such to some appeare,'

t is not without significance that Hakluyt himself Hakluyt's
makes use of exactly the same argument. ' If any ^^^^^»^-
man shall object,' he says, speaking of the Friars, ' that
they have certain incredible relations, 1 answer, first,
that many true things may to the ignorant seem in-
credible.' And again, in praise of his own age : — ' Which
of the kings of this land before her Majesty had their
banners ever seen in the Caspian sea } Which of them
hath ever dealt with the Emperor of Persia, as her
Majesty hath done, and attained for her merchants

lOI

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

large and loving privileges ? Who ever saw, before this
regiment, an English Ligier in the stately porch of the
Grand Signor at Constantinople ? Who ever found
English consuls and agents at Tripolis in Syria, at
Aleppo, at Babylon, at Balsara, and, which is more, who
ever heard of Englishmen at Goa before now ? What
English ships did heretofore ever anchor in the mighty
river of Plate ? ' — and so on, passing in review the un-
precedented achievements of the apostles of navigation.
Both Spenser and Hakluyt are right in making much
of these things. The boast of the Stoic is empty, that
the mind is its own place. The mind lives by its
takings, and a fresh experience feathers the wings of the
human spirit, and lends them scope and power.
T^e spirit of The fantastic adventure of the age and its intimate
^T^^^t^kl connection with grave historical events may be well
seen in the career of the notorious Tom Stukeley. He
was a man of small account, says Camden, * a ruffian, a
riotous spend-thrift, and a notable vapourer,' who had
been disappointed in his hope of obtaining a small
official post in Ireland. He offered his services to the
Pope, promising to drive the English troops out of
Ireland, and to fire the English fleet. To this end
he was put in command of some eight hundred Italian
soldiers levied at the charges of Spain. He set sail
from Civita Vecchia and arrived at Lisbon, where he
was to be joined by Sebastian, King of Portugal.
Sebastian induced him, by way of preface to the Irish
campaign, to lend his force against the Mahomedan
powers of Northern Africa; and in 1578, at the battle
of Alcazar, where Sebastian and two Moorish kings
fell, Stukeley also was slain. By the death of the King

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

of Portugal without a son the way was opened for

the Spanish claim, and the attention of King Philip was

for years diverted from his intended invasion of England.

Stukeley's romantic career was subsequently dramatised

for the London public in Peele's Battle of Alcazar,

A career like this serves to show how the life of ^^^ ^^^
• 1 • '-r>i 1 • rr i World and

the age acted on its literature. 1 he diirerences between jiomantk

the Romantic drama of England and the Classic drama literature,
of France can never be understood while the question
is treated only as a conflict between two literary schools.
It is true that France, by position, history, and train-
ing, was from the first more under the influence of
classic literature and ancient theory than ever England
had been. But in England, too, when the drama began
its course, the partisans of the classical doctrine were
first in the field, and made the bravest start. Then
the new interests arose, and overwhelmed them. The
echoes of ancient wisdom and shadows of ancient beauty
which held the attention of France were drowned and
scattered in England by loud voices and fierce lights.
Extravagant deeds filled the popular imagination, and
could not, by any legerdemain of pedantry, be brought
within the prescribed critical compass. If the dramatists
refused allegiance to the rules, they were merely following
the lead of the adventurers. The fatalism of Greek
Tragedy, where the end is known before the beginning,
could give no real pleasure to a people intoxicated with
the delights of surprise, and intolerant of all limitation.
In a world where anything may happen, the fairy-story
or the romance of adventure is the safest literary model.

The best exemplar of the new style is Marlowe, Marlowe and
whose Tamhurlaine set the fashion followed by Greene

I03

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

and Peele and many others. Without the Voyagers
Marlowe is inconceivable. His imagination is wholly
pre-occupied with the new marvels of the world and
his heart possessed by the new-found lust of power. The
tasks that Doctor Faustus assigns to his serviceable
spirits might have been studied from the reports of
travellers :

* I'll have them fly to India for gold,
Ransack the Ocean for orient pearl,

And search all corners of the new-found world
For pleasant fruits and princely delicates ; ...
I'll levy soldiers with the coin they bring,
And chase the Prince of Parma from our land
And reign sole King of all our Provinces.'

Gold again is the theme of the Jew of Malta, and con-
Tamburkine. quest and kingship the inspiration of Tamburlaine. The
Scythian conqueror, like Shakespeare's Italian gentlemen,
is at heart an Englishman. When he tries to tempt the
Persian general into his service, his persuasions savour of
the nautical pride of the English :

* Both we will walk upon the lofty cliffs

And Christian merchants that with Russian sterns
Plough up huge furrows in the Caspian Sea
Shall vail to us, as lords of all the lake.'

Historical
parallels.

In 1567 Hawkins fired on a friendly Spanish squadron
in Plymouth Sound, to compel the Admiral to lower
his flag, and in 1570 Lord Charles Howard of Effingham
exacted a like tribute in the open Channel from a Spanish
fleet of a hundred and thirty sail which was conveying
King Philip's bride-elect from Holland to Spain. Even
the name of the Caspian was reminiscent of English
adventure. ' Our nation,' says Hakluyt, writing in 1598,
* have adventured their persons, ships and goods, home-

104

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

wards and outwards, fourteen times over the unknown
and dangerous Caspian Sea.' It is the dominion of the The dominion
sea, as well as of the land, that Marlowe's Tamburlaine ^-^
covets, and his eloquence reaches its highest when the
sea is his theme. The defeat of Bajazeth, Emperor of
the Turks, is a means to an end ; the Persian fleet,
already in Tamburlaine's control, shall circumnavigate
the earth, and join forces with the Turkish Medi-
terranean squadron of men-of-war and buccaneers.
Marlowe was an early friend of Raleigh's, and it is
difficult not to read a political meaning into these
sounding lines, written just after Drake's expedition of
1585, at a time when Don Antonio, the Portuguese
pretender, had taken refuge at the English Court, and
was being used by Raleigh as a counter in the great
political game :

'So from the East unto the furthest West Tambur-

Shall Tamburlaine extend his puissant arm. iaine's naval

The galleys and those pilling brigandines policy.

That yearly sail to the Venetian Gulf

And hover in the Straits for Christians' wrecks,

Shall lie at anchor in the isle Asant,

Until the Persian fleet and men-of-war,

Sailing along the oriental sea,

Have fetched about the Indian Continent,

Even from Persepolis to Mexico,

And thence unto the Straits of Jubalter ;

Where they shall meet and join their force in one

Keeping in awe the Bay of Portingale,

And all the ocean by the British shore ;

And by this means I'll win the world at last.'

As a naval plan of campaign this belongs to the school
of Raleigh, who complained that the Queen did things Topical
by halves. The immense popular success of I'ambur- success of
laine^ which changed the fortunes of the English drama, /^^-^^ »

105

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

was due not solely to the resonance and splendour of the
verse or the magic of the strange names. The audience
listened to it in a temper quite unlike the temper that
Coleridge's Kubla Khan begets in the modern reader.
This drama of the world at stake was to them a
representation of real affairs, and the high speeches of
Tamburlaine voiced for them the defiance and the
pride of England.
The romance How entirely Marlowe's imagination had been cap-
o; tscovery. ^^j.^^ j^y ^j^g discoveries and exploits of the navigators
is clearly shown in Tamburlaine's dying speech, which
expresses all the romance of geography and all the
ambition of empire. The Conqueror feels his vital
powers failing, and, with his sons by his side, calls for
a map of the world :

* Give me a map ; then let me see how much
Is left for me to conquer all the world,

That these, my boys, may finish all my wants.'

The map is brought, and he traces on it his victorious
progress through Asia and Africa, ' backwards and for-
wards near five thousand leagues.' The Suez Canal is
one of his unfulfilled schemes :

* Here, not far from Alexandria,
Whereas the Terrene and the Red Sea meet.
Being distant less than full a hundred leagues,
I meant to cut a channel to them both
That men might quickly sail to India.'

The dream of Then, for a legacy to his sons, he points to that part
Empire. q£ ^^^ world, better than all the rest, which remains to

conquer :

* Look here, my boys ; see what a world of ground
Lies westward from the midst of Cancer's line,
Unto the rising of this earthly globe ;

Whereas the sun, declining from our sight,
io6

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

Begins the day with our Antipodes !
And shall I die, and this unconquered ?
Lo, here, my sons, are all the golden mines,
Inestimable drugs and precious stones,
More worth than Asia and all the world beside ;
And from the Antarctic Pole eastward behold
As much more land, which never was descried,
Wherein are rocks of pearl that shine as bright
As all the lamps that beautify the sky !
And shall I die, and this unconquered ?
Here, lovely boys ; what death forbids my life.
That let your lives command in spite of death.'

Since the days of Ben Jonson it has been too much Serious
the habit of critics to cast ridicule or contempt upon J^^^^^
' the Tamerlanes and Tamer-Chams of the late age, which /aine.'
had nothing in them but scenical strutting and furious
vociferation to warrant them to the ignorant gaper.'
This last speech of Tamburlaine's, like some others that
are given to him, is high and serious; Hakluyt, who
knew the fascination of the map, and Gilbert, who gave
his life in the cause of empire, might say Amen to it.

The sense of liberty and power, and of belief in the T^^
capacity and destiny of man, which was quickened by the fj'^pj^ ^^
new discoveries, distinguishes the literature of the Eliza-
bethan age from the great backward-looking periods of
romance. It is a literature of youth and hope, with none of
the subtle and poignant flavours that are to be tasted in a
literature of regret and memory. If Marlowe may in
some regards be fitly compared with Shelley, there is
no counterpart in Elizabethan literature to the melan-
choly of Keats. Many old stories, it is true, were
borrowed ; mediaeval and classical fables were ransacked
for themes. But Spenser's chivalry is a convention,
and no true revival ; he portrays his own age, and his

own contemporaries, as they appeared to him ; he too

107

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

is concerned chiefly with the future. Plays like Dekker's
Olde Fortunatus show the temper that animates Mar-
lowe ; the sober moral is almost forgotten in a maze of

"^^^ delightful wonders. But it would be wrong to regard

unchanging .. , . . , , ° ,

themes of ^ great literature as notnmg more than the home and

poetry. haunt of a thing so evanescent as the spirit of the age.
Poetic imagination sits aloof, and studies enduring
themes. Thomas Lodge wrote his gentle pastoral
romance of Rosalynd on a voyage of discovery and
pillage ; George Sandys, being arrived off the coast of
Virginia with the colonising expedition that succeeded at
last, devoted his spare hours to the translation of Ovid.
The New World did not obliterate the Old, and the new
discoveries did not monopolise the thought of a century.

In the case, therefore, of the greatest poet of all,
Shakespeare, it is enough if it can be shown that his
imagination was alive to this new world of speculation
and opportunity. A poet's predilections are often more
truly seen in his illustrations and digressions than in

Raleigh's his choice of subject. Sir Walter Raleigh, for instance,
in his long, dreary History of the World is kept far
away from almost all that had engaged his active life.
But when he is moved to passion, his mind reverts to
the sea. The greatest passages of his book deal with
death and mutability, and continually illustrate human
life from the experience of voyagers. 'When we once
come in sight of the port of death, to which all winds
drive us, and when by letting fall that fatal anchor,
which can never be weighed again, the navigation of
this life takes end ; then it is, I say, that our own
cogitations (those sad and severe cogitations, formerly
beaten from us by our health and felicity) return again,

ic8

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

and pay us to the uttermost for all the pleasing passages

of our lives past.' And again : ' For myself, if I have

in anything served my country, and prized it before my

private; the general acceptation can yield me no other

profit at this time than doth a fair sunshine day to a

seaman after shipwrack, and the contrary no other harm

than an outragious tempest after the port attained.'

Images like these, rising to the memory when the thought His habitual

is most spontaneous and sincere, speak to the habitual °^^

workings of the mind, and are more convincing than

the most elaborate descriptive sea-piece.

Though he was inland bred, it is certain that Shake- Shakespeare
speare knew and loved the sea. The handling of the
ship in the Tempest^ and the talk of the sailors in the
storm-scene of Pericles have excited the admiration of
experienced judges. The single grave charge brought
against his competence as a navigator is based on the
two allusions in the Tempest to the 'glasses' formerly
used as a measure of time at sea, and now superseded
by bells. From a comparison of these two passages it His single
seems that Shakespeare believed that the glasses measured
hours, whereas they measured half-hours.-^ He could not

^ The passages are: Act I. Sc. ii. 1. 240, where, just after the
wreck, Prospero asks the time ;

Ariel. * Past the mid season.'

Prospero. *At least two glasses. The time 'twixt six and now
Must by us both be spent most preciously,'

and Act V. 1. 223, at the close of the play, where the Boatswain
reports :

^ Our ship.
Which but three glasses since we gave out split,
Is tight, and yare, and bravely rigged, as when
We first put out to sea.'
There is a similar error in JlPs Well that Ends Well, Act II. Sc. i.

109

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

have made this mistake if he had been moderately con-
versant with life at sea. His habitual carelessness, it is
true, may be invoked to save his reputation as a seaman.
But many other passages of his writing testify rather to a
love of the sea than to a love of navigation. Venus,
when Adonis breaks away from her, is compared to

' One on shore
Gazing upon a late-embarked friend,
Till the wild waves will have him seen no more,
Whose ridges with the meeting clouds contend :
So did the merciless and pitchy night
Fold in the object that did feed her sight/

And his most famous descriptions, like that which occurs
in King Henry IV's lament over the unattainable sleep,
exhibit a marvellous power of poetic imagination and
diction at work upon the material of common knowledge.
His sailors. The seamen, whom he sketches unerringly, were to be
met on shore. A real sailor's chanty, unlike any other
song in the Plays, is given to Stephano in the Tempest:

* The master, the swabber, the boatswain, and I,
The gunner, and his mate.
Loved Moll, Meg, and Marian, and Margery,
But none of us cared for Kate.'

This little lyric, with its ' scurvy tune,' suggests life
ashore, in the taverns of Deptford and Wapping. There
is more technical knowledge of the sea than might have
been expected in Shakespeare's plays, but no exact
inference can be drawn from it.
Allusions to The extent to which the sea and sea-faring dominated
the imagination of Shakespeare may be better judged in
more indirect fashion, from his figures and allusions.
It is not merely that in at least a dozen of his plays
there are sea-faring characters, or voyages, or scenes laid

the sea.

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

on the sea-coast. There is none of his contemporaries
whose works are so full of the sentiment of the sea.
To take one play out of many that would serve equally
well, in Othello the scene is laid at Venice and Cyprus,
so that nautical affairs bulk largely in it. But this is
not enough to explain the frequency and the magnificence
of Shakespeare's allusions. The height of joy and of
tragic passion constantly find their most adequate expres-
sion in the language of the sea. So in the meeting of '^^hello.
Othello with Desdemona at Cyprus :

* O my soul's joy !
If after every tempest come such calms,

May the winds blow till they have waken'd death ;
And let the labouring bark climb hills of seas,
Olympus-high, and duck again as low
As hell's from heaven ! If it were now to die,
'Twere now to be most happy.'

So, again, in Othello's reply to lago's counsels of

patience :

* Never, lago. Like to the Pontic sea
Whose icy current and compulsive course
Ne'er feels retiring ebb, but keeps due on.
To the Propontic and the Hellespont ;
Even so my bloody thoughts, with violent pace,
Shall ne'er look back, ne'er ebb to humble love.
Till that a capable and wide revenge
Swallow them up.'

So, again, in Ludovico's last apostrophe to lago :

* O Spartan dog
More fell than anguish, hunger, or the sea.'

In the greatness of Othello's passion there is the lift
and the wash of the sea ; in the inhuman treachery of
lago there is its cruelty and its mystery.

There is evidence enough, in well-known passages. Borrowed
of Shakespeare's acquaintance with the discoveries of

III

names.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

the voyagers. The name Caliban is almost certainly
a distortion of Cannibal, and Setebos is a divinity
of the Patagonians, described by Master Francis
Fletcher, in his account of Drake's great voyage, as
'Settaboth, that is, the Divell, whom they name their
great god/ But it was the reports brought home by
the Virginian adventurers that set Shakespeare's im-

Firgtnia. agination to work. The colony was planted in 1609;
and the first Governor, Lord Delaware, was diligent in
building towns and forts, and in bringing the Indians
under control. Sir George Somers, deputy-Governor,
was shipwrecked on the Bermudas, which were in ill
repute as the haunt of wicked spirits and foul weather,
but were found by the castaways to be temperate,
fruitful, and pleasant. The tale of these adventures,
brought by word of mouth, or published in The Dis-
covery of the Barmudas^ otherwise called the He of Divels
(1610), — a tract by Sylvester Jourdain, one of Sir
George Somers' company, — gave the finest and subtlest

The wit in the world a theme for a play. The Tempest is a

'Tempest: fantasy of the New World. It is too full of the ether
of poetry, and too many-sided to be called a satire, yet
Shakespeare, almost alone, saw the problem of Ameri-
can settlement in a detached light; and a spirit of
humorous criticism runs riot in the lighter scenes. The
drunken butler, accepting the worship and allegiance
of Caliban, and swearing him in by making him kiss
the bottle, is a fair representative of the idle and dis-
solute men who were shipped to the Virginian colony.

Miranda. The situation of Miranda was perhaps suggested by
the story of Virginia Dare, grand-daughter of Captain
John White, the first child born in America of English

112

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

parents. She was born in 1587 and christened along
with Manteo, one of the Indians who had visited
England with Captains Amadas and Barlow. That
same year she was abandoned, along with the other
colonists. In 1607, when the settlement was next
renewed, it was reported that there were still seven
of the English alive among the Indians, 'four men,
two boys, and one maid.' The strange girlhood of this
one maid, if she were Virginia Dare, may well have
set Shakespeare's fancy working. And the portrait of
Caliban, with his affectionate loyalty to the drunkard, Caliban.
his adoration of valour, his love of natural beauty and
feeling for music and poetry, his hatred and super-
stitious fear of his task-master, and the simple cunning
and savagery of his attempts at revenge and escape —
all this is a composition wrought from fragments of
travellers' tales, and shows a wonderfully accurate and
sympathetic understanding of uncivilised man.

These travellers' tales gave a new import to the old "^^^ Golden
fables of Arcadia and the Golden Age. The poetic idea *
of the original simplicity and virtue of man seemed to
be confirmed by the warrant of sober fact, and steadily
gained in acceptance, until, in the Eighteenth Century,
it overturned the institutions and disturbed the peace
of Europe. Montaigne, in his essay Of Cannibals^ ex-
presses the view of a philosophic observer. ' I find,' he
says, speaking of the Indians, '.that there is nothing
barbarous and savage in this nation, by anything that I
can gather, excepting that everyone gives the title of
barbarism to everything that is not in use in his own
country. . . . They are savages at the same rate that
we say fruits are wild, which nature produces of herself

XII 113 H

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Montaigne on
Cannibals.

The perfect
Common-
wealth.

Shakespeare
and the
Golden Age,

and by her own ordinary progress ; whereas in truth we
ought rather to call those wild, whose natures we have
changed by our artifice, and diverted from the common
order. ... I am sorry that Lycurgus and Plato had
no knowledge of them : for to my apprehension, what
we now see in those nations does not only surpass all
the pictures with which the poets have adorned the
Golden Age, and all their inventions in feigning a happy
state of man, but, moreover, the fancy and even the
wish and desire of philosophy itself; so native and so
pure a simplicity, as we by experience see to be in them,
could never enter into the poets' imagination, nor could
they ever believe that human society could have been
maintained with so little artifice and human patchwork.'
Then follows the famous passage which Shakespeare
borrowed for Gonzalo's description of his perfect com-
monwealth, in the Tempest, *I should tell Plato,' says
Montaigne, ^ that it is a nation wherein there is no
manner of traffic, no knowledge of letters, no science
of numbers, no name of magistrate or political superi-
ority; no use of service, riches or poverty; no con-
tracts, no successions, no dividends, no properties ; no
employments but those of leisure; no respect of kindred,
but common ; no clothing, no agriculture, no metal,
no use of coin or wine; the very words that signify
lying, treachery, dissimulation, avarice, envy, detraction,
pardon, never heard of. How much would he find his
imaginary Republic short of this perfection } '

The humours of this ideal as a practical theory of
colonisation tickled Shakespeare's fancy; the combination
of the virtues of the Golden Age with that extension of
trade and of sovereignty which was aimed at by the

114

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

explorers made a delightful paradox; and he interrupts
Gonzalo's speech with a running fire of scornful comment
from the two men of sin. Yet he, too, came under
the spell of the Golden Age, and, for all we know, would
have been willing to say with Montaigne, *I am some-
times troubled that we were not sooner acquainted with
these people, and that they were not discovered in those
better times when there were men much more able to
judge of them than we are.' He had always coveted a
retreat from the struggles and clamour of the Court and
city; but the retreats pictured in his later plays have
a primitive simplicity which is lacking in the pleasure-
gardens of the King of Navarre and the masquerading
of the forest of Arden. Perdita, who, like Miranda, is
prompted in all her words and actions by a plain and
holy innocence, is something of a devotee of Nature.
She will have no flowers in her garden, not the fairest
of the season, if Art has had a share in their production ;
and she is deaf to the reproofs of experience. The The religion
religion in which Belarius, the upright banished courtier v^^^^^^-
in Cymbeline^ educates his adopted sons is a pure religion
of naturalism ; their brief ritual is performed as they
come out from the cave where they house :

Belarius. * Stoop, boys : this gate

Instructs you how to adore the heavens, and bows you
To Morning's holy office : the gates of monarchs
Are arch'd so high, that giants may jet through
And keep their impious turbans on, without
Good morrow to the Sun. Hail, thou fair Heaven !
We house i' the rock, yet use thee not so hardly
As prouder livers do.'

Guiderius. * Hail, Heaven !'

Arviragus. * Hail, Heaven ! '

Belarius. * Now for our mountain sport.'

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

In these rocks Belarius has lived, he says, for twenty
years, and during that time has paid more pious debts
to heaven than in all the fore-end of his life. A kind of
weariness of institutions pervades Shakespeare's later
plays ; and it is easy to believe that the fascinating tales
told by the voyagers quickened his longing for a simpler
society, and contributed something to his magical descrip-
tions of innocence and kindliness, whether in the wizard's
cell on the island, or on the shepherd's lawn in Bohemia,
or in the cave among the mountains of Wales.
Influence of There is no catching Shakespeare in the act of theft ;

// natimar ^^^ creative power transforms and inspires all that it
imagination, touches, and brings it obedient to his own thought. It
is certain that he was a poet ; and there certainty ends.
But whether it count for much or little in the history
of his thought, the great fact of the Voyages can never
be neglected, nor its influence on the national imagination
denied. In this partial and naked record, preserved for
us by Hakluyt, are inscribed the deeds which for half
a century excited wild emotions, kindled emulation
in the young, provided strange food for the intellect,
and gave strength and purpose to the activities of a
nation. What this scholar or that learned we can only
The School of guess; but here was the school of the people. It was
the people. ^ great training-ground, and gave noble exercise to those
qualities of strenuousness, high carelessness, and almost
braggart magnanimity which are the distinguishing mark
of the Elizabethans. In those days the prudential
virtues hid their heads, to wait for a less stormy season,
when coasting voyages for profit should come into fashion
again. The poets and men of action vied with each
other in the effort to outshine deeds with words, and

ii6

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

to impoverish words with deeds. Both were fantastic
and extravagant, but the morbid literary extravagance
which refuses the test of action, and claims to be judged
as a thing apart, in a filigree world of its own creation,
belongs to ages less full-blooded and vigorous and sane.

This great background and seminary of action gave The Age of
its colour and character to the literature of the Eliza- ^f^j^ff/'''^
bethan age. The later and lesser outburst of Romantic Revived
poetry at the beginning of the Nineteenth Century had ^^^^^^^•
origins curiously different. As the Voyagers were
the begetters of the Elizabethan age, so were the
Encyclopaedists of the age of revived Romance. The
later movement had its impulse and inspiration from
the long labours of critical thought and the hopes
of awakening science. The poetry of the Nineteenth
Century, unlike the poetry of the Elizabethans, began
in reaction and protest. For three generations and
more before William Blake struck the note that was
to dominate Romantic poetry, the disciples of positive
knowledge had been busy at their work of questioning,
examining, undermining, condemning, without hesitation
or remorse ; and the poets of the new age were the The poetry of
rebellious children of the destroyer. Some of them, ^^^^.
taking advantage of the conquests of critical knowledge
in the domain of history, flung themselves back into the
Middle Ages, and attempted to live as pensioners on the
faith of a bygone time. Others, fired by the hope
of a new happiness to be achieved by experimental
science and philanthropy, lived in their dreams of the
future, built cloud-castles of wonderful tenuity and
beauty, and peopled bubble-worlds with phantoms of
men. Almost all the poetry of the age is ' sicklied o'er

117

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

with the pale cast of thought/ Those of the poets who,
like Keats, celebrate the joys of the moment, for the
most part regard these joys as a palliation only, a brief
respite and escape from the prevailing melancholy. They
glut their sorrows ' on a morning rose, or on the rainbow
of the salt sand-wave.' It is the distinction of Words-
worth that he alone among the greater poets did not
renounce or blaspheme the age and the world, but
found in it room enough for hope and faith and lasting
Diseases of joy. But the poetry of the aere, taken as a whole, is

thought. \/ rr J c 1 -11 • • 1

disairectea — out or sympathy with the mam motives that
stir men to action, and liable to all the diseases generated
by abstract thought. The worst of these, which attack
only weak constitutions, producing kinks in the brain,
and making men the fevered and querulous slaves of
ideas they are not strong enough to master, may be dis-
covered in not a few of the later followers and adherents
of the Romantic movement. It was the misfortune of
the age that, struggling in the meshes of thought, it
found no sufficient opportunity for clear, united, whole-
Godwm and hearted, and decisive action. Some of its poets were
ardent students of Godwin's Political Justice^ a book alert
and blind, full of vaporous casuistry, giving ample
exercise to the logical faculty, and absolutely ignoring
those passions, desires and powers, which are the breath
of human life. The Elizabethan poets were happier
in their teachers — they had Hakluyt's Voyages,

When all is said, the chief influence of Hakluyt and
his noble company must not be looked for in literature.
Literature is only one expression of the imaginative

The value of Jif^ Qf ^ people, and not the most important. It is
deeds. , ^ ^ i j- • i i r

true that poetry can never be diviaed rrom action

ii8

POETRY AND IMAGINATION

without paying heavy penalties. Only by keeping firm
hold of that guarantee of sincerity which is supplied
by the deed done can it steer clear of the slippery
pitfall of rhetoric. But action is not dependent on
poetry ; and the inarticulate generations who inherited
and carried on the work celebrated in the Book of
Voyages played for higher stakes than praise. It was
almost an accident that the book was made ; the dynasty
of Drake and Hawkins and Frobisher would have es-
tablished its reign had it never found a chronicler. In

1776 proposals were issued for a reprint of Hakluyt, Reprints of
1 1 , . J , 1 r 11 1 1 Hakluyt's

but support was lacking, and the scheme tell through. ^^^^^

A single later reprint, numbering three hundred and
twenty five copies, satisfied the demand of near three
hundred years. It is the high reward of great deeds
that they can aflFbrd to be forgotten. Fame is a luxury,
if not a vanity. By secret and unconscious methods of
initiation, by that unwritten tradition which descends
from father to son, by the law of nature which gives
currency to inherent value no matter whose the super-
scription, the ideas and aims of the great Elizabethan
seamen have become the creed of the British Empire.
Yet Hakluyt's book, though it has little to do with
the history of letters, gives, to those who care to read,
a rare opportunity of insight into the hidden processes
of the making of a nation. When it was first published ^ J'^^ordof
all that had been imagined and attempted, at the
cost of so many years of effort and so many men's
lives, was yet to do. No thoroughfare had been dis-
covered by the North East or the North West. No
English community had been established oversea. No
gold-mine was in the possession of England. The

119

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Spanish power was stronger on the seas than it had been
before the Armada. So far the record is one of failure.
But on the other side of the account there is an item
The zvarrant which cannot be neglected. It is to be found in those
oj success. \QXig and dull lists of unknown names, of merchant
promoters, gentlemen adventurers, intending colonists,
and ship's companies, which give so business-like an air
to Hakluyt's pages. It may be true, as someone has
said, that these detailed summaries 'leave as little im-
pression of excitement or emulation upon our minds
as so many almanacks.' But they held in them the
promise of Empire. The ideas of colonial expansion and
of the command of the sea had captured the nation ; the
seeds had been scattered, and were germinating in tens

The island q{ thousands of minds. From the sea England had

and the sea. , i j i_ • c *. - -

been peopled by successive waves or conquest or immi-
gration ; to the sea, after a long interval, she gave back
a race who had learned that there and there alone could
her safety be secured and her name upheld. As a
people — to borrow a phrase from the poetry of common
speech — we follow the sea; it will be an ill day for us
when the tides that wash the world run their ancient
courses, and we may not follow.

Walter Raleigh.
September^ 1904.

PLAN OF LONDON. CIRCA 1573

INDEX

XII 121

Index

Aa, Sir John de, deputy for Rostock,

II. 60, 79.
Abaan, King of Guinea and William

Towerson (1557) vi. 226, 227.
Abacuck, see Habbakuk.
Abad, Baya del, haven discovered by

Ulloa (1539) IX. 242 ; fishing near,

243-
Abassens, see Abyssinians.
Abassi, chief of idolaters in Thibet,

IV. 436.

Abath or female unicorn, vi. 399.

Abdelmelech, Mully, Emperor of
Morocco (1577) VI. 285; reception
of ambassadors, vi. 288.

Abdollocan, see Abd'UUah Khan.

Abdon Island, in. 74.

Abdrahaman, Ben Allies, in Gago
(1594) VII. 100.

Abd'UUah Khan, King of Shirvan,
and Anthony Jenkinson, iii. 21,
33 ; portrait of, 32 ; receives
Thomas Alcock, 41 ; and Richard
Johnson, 46; death of (1565) 47.

Abebeck, Mahomet's disciple, in. 36.

Abel, Richard, of London, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 62.

Abes, retinue of the Beglerbeg of,
VI. 67.

Abex, map of the coasts of, engrav-
ing of, IV. 458.

Abilfada, Ismael, ' Epitome ' of, iii.
281 ; description of the Northern
Sea by, in. 413; 'Cosmography,'

V. 452.

Abnegar, City in Chaul, v. 380.
Abolos, Don Diego de, General in
Peru (1590) X. 171.

Aborise, King of the Arabians, Cus-
toms paid to sons of, v. 368, 466,
VI. 8.

Abraham Pasha, William Har-
borne's present to (1583) v. 252.

Abraham, house of, in Mecca, v.
342, 352, 353. 355; and the devil,
358.

Abreojos, Shoals, Sir Robert Dud-
ley at (1595) X. 210; meaning of,
X. 210.

Abrim, Pasha, and Edward Barton
(1593) VI. 102.

Abrolhos, Os baixos dos, mentioned
in the Ruttier, xi. 79; shoals,
near Puerto Seguro, xi. 250.

Absito Castle, in Rhodes (1522) v.

15-

Abubacar, Mahomet's companion,
Tomb of, at Medina, v. 363.

Abydos castle, vi. 107.

Abyssinians, Queen Elizabeth's letter
to the King of the, vii. 131.

Acamacari town, near Cari river, x.
407.

Acamanta, promontory in Cyprus,
v. 125.

Acapulco, Ulloa 's fleet's departure
from (1539) IX. 207; latitude of
haven, ix. 207, 225, xi. 350; the
5. Agueda at (1540) ix. 278; Cap-
tain Gualle leaves (1584) ix. 326;
Port of Mexico for China, ix. 381,
X. 164; English at (1580) ix. 432;
Spanish troops at, under Dr.
Robles Alcalde de Corte, ix. 433 ;
port of New Spain, xi. 287; from,
to S. lago, XI. 362.

123

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Acari, in Peru, wine made in, xi.

Acassingo, Indian town, tributary to
the King of Spain (1568) ix. 363.

Acatlan town, Thomas Cavendish at
(1587) XI. 322.

Acaxutla, Port on the South Sea, ix.
366.

Acba, Walls of, on the Red Sea, v.

347-
Accilius Julius in Iceland (1552) iv.

73. 175-
Accurgar Island, in the Caspian Sea,

II. 456.
Achaia, Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.

Acheland, Castle of, founded by
Anthony Beck (1305) iv. 371.

Achem, King of, and the Portu-
guese, V. 498.

Achen, see Acre.

Acias, see Alanians.

Achilles, tomb of, in Troy, vi. 107.

Achillo, Ulloa's dog, sent against
Indians (1540) ix, 265.

Achim, Sultan of Egypt, Churches
destroyed in Jerusalem by, iv.
292.

Achmet, at the Siege of Rhodes
(1522) V. 23, 34; gains the plain
of Spain, v. 42 ; the Grand Master
of Rhodes' Ambassadors to, v.
49 ; and Sir Passin, v. 50 ; detains
Sir Raymund Market, ambassa-
dor, V. 52; and Solyman's grand-
father's letter, v. 54; demands 24
knights as hostages, v. 58.

Achmigi, see Adventurers.

Achon, see Acre.

Acmek Pasha, see Achmet.

Acmet Chaus, Turkish ambassador
in Poland (1578) v. 168.

Acoma, Indian town described by
Antonio de Espejo (1582) ix. 198.

Aeon, see Acre.

Azores Islands, see Azores.

Acorns used as food in Virginia
(1586) VIII. 367.

Acosta, Josephus de, quotation from
the works of, xi. 16-19.

Acra, see Acre.

Acre, or Ptolemais, Order of the
Hospital of Jerusalem removed to,
I. 52, 264; sacked by the Sultan, 11.

5 ; subdued by Saracens, 5 ; Saint
John's Knights leave, 6; noble-
men of France at, iv. 350; Wil-
liam Longesp^e at (1249) 355 ;
Prince Edward at (1270) iv. 362,
366; siege of (1191) iv. 303-4;
Philip, King of France at the, iv.
327; Richard I. at the (1191) iv.
331 ; terms of surrender of, iv. 332 ;
Baldwin, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, at the, IV. 341 ; Sir
Frederick Tilney knighted at, iv.
342 ; defences of, engraving of,
IV. 367.

Acridophagi, locust-eating nation of
Ethiopia, iv. 84, 189.

Acton, Master, in Virginia (1585)
viii. 317.

Acton, Sir John, knighted at Cadiz
(1596) IV. 259.

* Acts and Monuments of the Church
of England, 'by John Foxe, iv.319.

Acuco, Francis Lopez de Gomara
sent to, for discoveries (1540) ix.
164, IX. 296.

Acucu, cotton found in Acus (1540)
IX. 158.

Acunna, Don Pedro de, governor of
Cartagena, and Don Bernaldino
Delgadillo (1596) x. 250.

Acus, Kingdom of, Friar Marco de
Ni9a and the (1539) ix. 131;
description of, ix. 136; taken
possession of, by Friar Marco de
Ni^a (1539) IX. 143; description
of, by Vasquez de Coronado (1540)
IX. 158.

Acuzamil, Francis Lopez de Gomara
on, VII. 134; conquest of, viii.
124.

Ada, an Indian Idol, description of,
v. 477.

Adalbert, Metropolitan of Hamburg,
converted Iceland to Christianity
(1070) IV. 46, 143.

Adam, house of, on the Mountain of
Pardons, v. 356.

Adamo of Fermo, Capt. Hannibal,
slain at Famagusta (1571 v. 150.

Adams, Clement (1519-87) relation of
I. xliv. ; his Latin account of
Chancellor's voyage, 11. 239;
Sebastian Cabot's Map cut by, vii.
145-

124

INDEX

Adams, Luke, of the Sunshine of

London (1585) vii. 382.
Adams, Robert, description and

measurements of the Madre de

Dios by (1592) vii. 117.
Adams, Thomas, of Yarmouth, and

Prussian pirates, 11. 63.
Adder, description of a monstrous,

in S. Martha (1568) ix. 450.
Adders, length of, in Florida, x. 59.
Addy, Captain, at the siege of Per-

nambuco (1595) xi. 51; and the

Portuguese stratagem (1595) xi. 60.
Adecia, a port in Teneriffe, x. 11.
Adelantado, the, of Colima, and

Captain Alarchon (1540) ix. 318.
Aderravgan, burial place of the

Princes of Persia, iii. 26.
Adhothuys, described by Jacques

Cartier (1535) viii. 218; in Hoche-

laga river, 245.
Administration of China, vi. 307,

358.
Admiral or flagship in the fishing
fleet in Newfoundland (1583) viii.

51. 53.
Adonibezek and Judah, viii. 103.
Adrianople, Henry Austell at, v.

323-

Adriaticum, Mare, in Thome's map,
II. 170.

Adultery, Laws against, in Iceland,
IV, 79, 182.

Adventure, the, in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, Jonas Bodenham
captain of (1595) x. 234; Henry
Savile new captain of (1596) x.
240, 253 ; return of, to Ply-
mouth (1596) X. 245; at the fight
of Pinos (1596) X. 262.

Adventure, Captain Parker's bark,
Richard Hen captain of (1596) x.
277 ; taken by the Spanish, x. 280.

Adventurers, in the Turkish army
(1594) VI. 104; shares of, in the
freight of the Madre de Dios (1592)
VII. 117; society of gentlemen
and merchants, for the Western
Planting, viii. 113,148; for Brazil,
letter from, to John Whithall
(1580) XI. 31, 33.

Advice, of Robert Thorne to Henry
VHL (1527) II. 159-163; to
Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman

by W. Borough, iii. 259-262 ; by
Dee, 262-263 >* '^y Richard Hak-
luyt, 264-275 ; to English Mer-
chants, by the Muscovy Company,
303-306 ; on colonising, by Richard
Hakluyt, vii. 244-250; of Captain
Frobisher to his Fleet, vii. 322-

325-
Advice, letters of, of the arrival of
Thomas Cavendish, sent from
Lima, captured by him (1587) xi.

309.
w^geland, Willoughby's discovery of

(1553) II. 219.
Aegypt, see Egypt.
Aegyptium, see Egyptian.
Aele, weak place of Panama har-
bour, X. 151.
i^neid, quotation from Book VL

VIII. 449.
Aeolia, iv. 26, 118.
Aequara, King, Vassal of King

Utina (1564) IX. 21.
Aesculapius, fountain at Athens, iv.

36, 131; and the Oracle of the

Sun, IV. 281.
Aethiopia, see Ethiopia.
JEtna, see Etna.
Aff"reca, wife of Olaf, King of Man,

I. 30.

Affreca, wife of John de Courci, i.

34-
Affrica, see Afi'reca.
Affrike, see Africa.
Afield, Roger, member of the Bar-

bary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Africa, Thome's description of, 11.

169 f. ; Coast of, in Thome's Map,

II. 171 ; City of, or Mahdia, be-
sieged by the Earl of Derby, iv.
452 ; description, by Richard
Eden (1553) vi. 142 ; the Great and
the Less, vi. 144; peoples of the
East of, VI. 169 ; meaning of, vi.
170; ornaments of natives, vi.
172 ; Inland, Melchior Petoney's
account of (1591) vii. 88; voyage
of Captain Gourgues to, ix. 11 1.

Aga, of the Janissaries, pay of, vi.

62 ; of the Spahi, pay of, vi.

62.
Aganginae, people of Libya, vi. 168.
Agar, see Hagar.

25

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Agaricum found in Germany, vi.
26.

Agatarchides on the Mandri, a
people of India, iv. 84, 189.

Agatha, daughter of Emperor Henry
II. of Germany, i. 25.

Agathocles, King of Sicily, son of a
potter, vin. 470.

Agaus, meaning of, vi. 100.

Agerut, description of, v. 347f.

Agira, Diego de, pirate, xi. 17.

Agira, Lopez de, soldier of Pedro de
Orsua, mutiny and piracies of, in
West Indies, x. 362, x. 499; slays
Pedro de Orsua at Mutylones, x.
408, XI. 248; death of, x. 363, xi.
248; cruelties, xi. 246; murders
his own daughter, xi. 248.

Agiri, see Agira.

Agirri, see Agira.

Agium el Cassap, spring of water,
between Acba and Biritem, v. 347.

Agoa, Baia de, the Edward Bona-
venture at (1593) vi. 402.

Agoada de S, Bras, see S. Bras.

Agogna, see Iconium.

Agonna, enemy to Taignoagny
(1536) VIII. 253; new King of
Canada (1540) viii. 265; against
Jacques Cartier, viii. 271.

Agora, Tartar town of wood, iii.

396.
Agouhanna or King in Canada, viii.

219, 235.
Agra, description by Ralph Fitch,

V. 473> 475-

Agra and Delhi, King of, see Akbar.

Agreement, between Henry IV. and
the Hanse Merchants (1405) 11. 55-
67; Commercial, between England
and Prussia (1390) 11. 20; de-
nounced (1398) 26; (1405) 47-55;
(1408) 87-90, 91, 93, 95; objected
to by England (1408) 93; accepted
by England (1408) 96.

Agricola, Georgius, on the petri-
fying fountains of Iceland, iv. 36,
132.

Aguada, Punta, in Puerto Rico, x.
283.

Agnada Saldanha, harbour. Captain
Raimond at (1591) x. 194.

Aguaiavall, Vasquez de Coronado's
departure from (1540) ix. 279.

Aguatulco, Sir Francis Drake in
(1579) IX. 365, XI. 117; Nuno da
Silva released at, xi. 146, 266 ;
latitude of, xi. 320, 350; burnt by
Thomas Cavendish (1587) xi. 368;
from, to Angeles, xi. 362 ; anchor-
age, XI. 373 ; Don Pedro de
Robles sent to fight the English
at (1580) 443; pearls on the coast
of, 471.

Aguava, in Hispaniola, burnt by
Christopher Newport (1591) x. 187.

Agubio, Captain Barnardino, death
at defence of Famagusta (1571) v.
136.

Aguirre, see Agiri.

Aguja, Cape de, description of, x.
235 ; in the Ruttier, x. 288 ; lati-
tude, X. 335.

Agulhas, Cape das, Thomas Stevens
stranded at (1579) vi. 382.

Agulias, see Agulhas.

Ahacus, a city in America, ix. 135.

Ahasuerus, King from India to Ethi-
opia (580 B.C.) VII. 180; magnifi-
cence of, VII. 186.

Ahoia, name of King and river in
Florida, ix. 112; Cacique, ix.

Ahoiaue, name of King and river in
Florida, ix. 112; Cacique, ix.

113.
Aiai, Indians, and the Gold of

Guiana, x. 366.
Aid, the. Sir Henry Norris and (1589)

VI. 512.

Aid, the, of Captain Frobisher's
second voyage (1577) vii. 211,
284, 290, 294 f. ; flagship of the
fleet, Martin Frobisher, captain
of (1578) VII. 322; damaged
by ice, vii. 344 ; council aboard,

VII. 361.

Aid, the, Edward Winter, captain

in (1585) X. 98.
Aigrettes, Cape des, in Cuba, ix.

44.
Aileford, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 297.
Aimon, soldier in Captain Vasseur's

expedition (1565) ix. 53.
Almonte Castle, mentioned in the

Ruttier, x, 301.
Ainan Island, see Hainan.

26

INDEX

Aio or Ajo mountain, x. 417; Sir
Walter Raleigh near (1595) x.
398.

Aioanapa, town, Heirs of Perez
Gomez owners of, ix. 468.

Ait, see Heit.

Ajax's tomb in Troy, vi. 107.

Akaniri river, tributary of the Ori-
noco, X. 420.

Akas, see Alanians.

Akbar the Great, King of Agra and
Delhi, V. 474 ; conquest of Cambay
by, V. 377, 473, VI. 7; defeats King
of Patna, v. 410, 480; letter from
Queen Elizabeth to (1583) 450; and
Cambaietta, 469; and William
Leedes (1583) 475; and the king-
dom of Orissa, 482 ; and Serre-
pore, 484; portrait of, vi. 16.

Alacranes or Scorpions, the, on the
course from Cape S. Antonio to
New Spain, x. 296, 316; danger
of, X. 321; latitude, x. 334.

Alagranza, see Alegranza.

Alandrina, see Flandrina.

Alani, see Alanians.

Alania, i. 255, 256; mountains of, i.
271.

Alanians, i. 76, 166, 255 ; Tartars and
the, I. 93, 261 ; in Orna, 1. 152 ; their
use of mare's milk, i. 252 ; called
Acias, I. 253 ; and Sartach, i.
269 ; Rubruquis in fear of am-
bushes from, I. 270,

Alanson, Simon Ferdinando's friend,
in Hispaniola (1587) viii. 389.

Alarach, river, the survivors of the
Toby at (1593) vii. 127.

Alarbes or Moors of Barbary, ix.
16S.

Alarchon, Captain Ferdinando or
Fernando, voyage of, ix. 115, 116;
voyage and discoveries of (1540)
IX. 212, 279-318; and the Indians
of Buena Guia River (1540) ix.
281 ; exchange of presents with
the Indians, ix. 283 ; chosen Lord
of the Indians (1540) ix. 291, 295;
and the Indian Chiefs (1540) ix.
302, 304; leaves the Indians, ix.
311; expedition of, to join Cap-
tain Vasquez de Coronado (1540)
IX. 311 f . ; and the Adelantado in
Colima (1540) ix. 318.

Alard, Richard, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Albacore, fish on the coast of
Africa, vi. 381, 401 ; found by
Captain Gualle near New Spain
(1584) ix.^ 335.

Albania, Isidore and, i. 271.

Albania, or Epirus, John Locke at
(1553) V. 80; soldiers from, at
the defence of Famagusta (1571)

V. 135-

Albany, William of, see Arundel,
Earl of.

Albemarle, John, Earl of, his voy-
age to Syria (1240) iv. 352.

Albert, Captain, Governor of
Charles-Fort in Florida (1562)

VII. 472 ; and the Kings of Flori-
ida, VIII. 474; Mutiny against,

VIII. 482; death, viii. 483, ix. i.
Alberti, Albertacio degli, ambassador

for Florence (1564) v. 121.

Albertus, on the one-horned fish, vii.
1S3.

Albertus of Brandenburg, 34th
master of the Dutch knights
(1510) II. 10.

Albinus, see Alcuin.

Albion, Nova, account of the discov-
ery of, by Sir Francis Drake (1578)

IX. 319, 321, XII. 60; king of, IX.
322 ; king of and Sir Francis
Drake (1578) ix. 323, xi. 120;
king of, resigns his dignity to Sir
Francis Drake (1578) ix. 324, xi.

122 ; taken possession of, in Queen
Elizabeth's name, ix. 324, 325, xi.

123 ; description of animals in, xi.
123 ; meaning of, ix. 325 ; descrip-
tion of people, XI. 119, 124.

Albion, New, see Albion, Nova.

' Albion's England,' by William
Warner (1602) xii. 96.

Albocore, see Albacore.

Albukerk, see Albuquerque.

Albuquerque, Alonzo de, discoveries
of (1497-1510) VIII. 128.

Albuquerque, Don Mathias de. Cap-
tain of Ormuz (1583) v. 469;
viceroy of Portuguese India (1590)
VII. 78; character of, vii. 78 f.

Alburrough, Willoughby's fleet at
(1553) II. 218.

Alcair, see Cairo.

127

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Alcan Murcy, see Murcy.

Alcane de Barasoga, mentioned in
the Ruttier, x. 304.

Alcantara, English troops at (1589)
VI. 500.

Alcatrarsa, see Alcatrazes.

Alcatrarses, see Gannets.

Alcatrazes Island, xi. 35, 39, 83,
353; Sir John Hawkins at (1564)
X. 16; origin of name, x. 16.

Alcayre, Portuguese measure, vi.
152.

Alcazar, battle of, death of Thomas
Stukeley at, xii. 102.

Alcock, Thomas (d. 1564), voyage in
Russia, I. xlv. ; letter from, 11. 396-
399; sent to prison, 397; Bearer
of the Muscovy Company's letter,
405, 407 ; servant of the Muscovy
Company, m. 33, 37, 335; 2nd
voyage to Persia (1563) 40; mur-
dered, 42, 49; his debts lost, 47;
on Russia, iii. 100.

Alcoran, see Koran.

Alcuin, Epistle on foreign trade, i.
311 f.

Alday, James, letter to Michael
Locke (1575) HI. 197-200; VI.
136.

Alday, William, in Cairo, and Laur-
ence Aldersey (1586) vi. 45.

Aldenborg, Theodoricus, Earl of,
i6th Master of the Dutch Knights
(1352) n. 6.

Alderney Island, John Chidley at
(1590) XI. 384.

Aldersey, Laurence, ist voyage of
(1581) V. 202-214; 2nd voyage of,
to Egypt (1586) VI. 39-46;
bearer of Queen Elizabeth's let-
ters to the Emperor of Ethiopia
(1597) vii. 129, 131.

Aldridg, see Aldridge.

Aldridge, Sir John, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Aldridge, William, Thomas Cordall's
servant, and Laurence Aldersey
(1586) VI. 40; bearer of a letter
from the Sultana to Queen Eliza-
beth (1593) VI. 102.

Aldworth, Richard, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 88.

Aldworth, Thomas, mayor of Bristol,
Sir Francis Walsingham's letter

to (1582) VIII. 132; his answer

(1583) VIII. 133.
Alebrandus, see Brandan.
Alegranza, one of the Canaries,

VIII. 407, X. 281 ; latitude of, x.

332.

Alemania, see Germany.

Alengon, Duke of. brother to the
King of France, in England (1586)
VI. 52.

Alenson, see Alencon.

Alepine, weight of Bussorah, v. 11.

Alepo, see Aleppo.

Aleppo, I. 154, III. 141 ; the Sultan of,
I. 78, 154; cloth brought to Bok-
hara from, II. 473, III. 57, 58, 62 ;
silk market in, 144, 148; Solyman
and his army at (1553) v. 105, 107 ;
gifts to Sol3'^man by the Pasha
of, V. 118; Pasha of, at siege of
Famagusta (1571) v. 148, 152;
Richard Forster, consul at (1583)
V. 260; commandment for (1584) v.
290; Caesar Frederick at (1563) v.
366 ; Caravan from Babylon to
(1567) V. 445 ; John Newbery's
letter from, to Richard Hakluyt
(1583) V. 452 ; to Leonard Poore,
V'. 453; John Newbery at (1583)

V. 456; Ralph Fitch at (1583) v.
465. (1591) V. 505; Cosmopolitan
population of (1584) v. 506; John
Eldred at (1583) vi. 2, 8; English
Consuls at, vi. 9; charges from,
to Goa, VI. 23 ; retinue of the
Beglerbeg of (1588) vi. 67; Pasha
of, and Richard Wrag (1594) vi.
106; Cosmopolitan mart at (1594)

VI. 108; English consul at, xii.
102.

Alera, river in Saxony, black-
coloured water in, iv. 38, 134.

Alexander the Great, and Derbent, i.
261, III. 20; poisoned by the Styx,
IV. 39, 135 ; and King Porus, iv.
412 ; and the Ichthyophagi, vi.
170 ; experience in India, vii. 185 ;
and Calanus the Indian, x. 484.

Alexander II., King of Scotland, i.
35 ; sends ships to conquer the
Islands, 40.

Alexander III., King of Scotland,
becomes King of the Islands (1266)
I. 41.

128

INDEX

Alexander, Duke of Lithuania, in.

386.
Alexander, Master Gunner's mate,

killed in a fight against the Portu-
guese (1587) XI. 220.
Alexander VI., Pope, and Philip and

Mary, 11. 313; Bull of Partition of

(1493) XII. 8.
Alexander, son of Jaroslav, 11, 187.
Alexander, David, condemned by the

Inquisition in Mexico (1575) ix.

428; sent to the Grey Friars, ix.

430; married a negro woman, ix.

431-
Alexander, Robert, in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, death of (1586) x.

134-

Alexandretta, in Cilicia, Richard
Wrag at (1593) vi. 94, (1594) vi.
108.

Alexandria, i. 307; Trade of, super-
sedes the Chios trade with Venice
(1569) V. 114; John Foxe and the
Christian slaves at (1577) v. 153-
167 ; plan of, engraving of, v. 160;
English merchants at, v. 187;
Hervey Millers, consul at (1583)

V. 259; Free Port (1584) v. 272;
spice market, v. 273 ; command-
ment for (1584) V. 288, 289; de-
scription, V. 329; description by
John Evesham (1587) vi. 35; cap-
ture by galleys from (1586) vi.
42 ; Laurence Aldersey at (1586)

VI. 43; gates of, 43

Alexius, Emperor of Constantinople
(1064) IV. 291.

Alezai, Island, discovered by Jacques
Cartier (1534) viii. 194.

Alfanas, Knez, and Benet Butler, in.
119.

Alfandica, the, at Morocco, vii. 128.

Alferius, see Oliver.

Alfred, King, and Octher, i. 11, iv.
279 ; VII. 163 ; taught by John Eri-
gena, iv. 281.

Algeciras, Granada, i. 308.

Alger, see Algiers.

Algezer, see Algeciras.

Algiers, Anthony Jenkinson at, iii.
195; Matthew Gourney's voyage
to, IV. 444; Sir Thomas Chalon-
er's voyage to (1541) v. 70; letter
from an Englishman at, to Wil-

liam Harborne (1583) v. 263 ; King
of, grants passport to Thomas
Shingleton (1583) v. 266; letter
from Sir Edward Osborne to King
of (1584) V. 268; English trade pri-
vileges at (1584) V. 274; Murad
Khan to viceroy (1584) v. 275;
John Tipton, consul at, v. 276;
John Evesham at (1587) vi. 35 ; de-
scription (1587) VI. 38; Laurence
Aldersey at (1586) vi. 45; The
Moonshine of London at (1586) vi..
46; English merchants' fleet at

(1586) VI. 55; King of, and the
English merchants, vi. 56; Re-
tinue of the Beglerbeg of, vi.
67.

Ali, son-in-law to Mahomet and hus-
band of Fatma, v. 351; tomb of,
at Medina, v. 362 ; prophet of the
Persians, v. 364.

Ali Pasha, Azim Khan's brother, 11.
462 ; Queen Elizabeth's letter to,
V. 228

Aligarto, see Alligator.

Aligato Bay at Cape Tiburon, viii.
409.

Alimacani, King, visits Captain.
Ribault at Fort Caroline (1565) ix.
88.

Alinore, see Eleanor.

Alisandre, see Alexandria.

Alise, Philip, King of France's
sister, iv. 327.

Allard, the skinner, 11. 409.

Allen, Cardinal, and the intended
conquest of England, iv. 206; and
the Duke of Parma (1588) iv. 220.

Allen, Master, in Virginia (1585)^
VIII. 317.

Allen, Maurice, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403. ^

Allen, Richard, Knight of the Sepul-
chre, and the Canon of S. Paul,
VIII. 2.

Allen, Thomas, of the Bona Esper-
anza, 11. 213; Russian licence
granted to (1569) in. 109.

Allen, William, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307; and
Persian trade, in. 213.

Alii, see Ali.

Allibey at the Siege of Rhodes (1522)
V. 23.

129

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Allimacany, King, and Captain

Laudonniere (1564) ix. 32.
Allot, Richard, merchant in China

(1596) XI. 417, 419.
Allow, in Guinea, William Tower-
son at (1557) VI. 216.
Allyne, see Allen.
Almade or interpreter in Guinea, vi.

224; William Towerson's trade

and the (1577) vi. 244.
Almadie, boat in Florida, ix. 28.
Almagro, Diego de, viii. 124; his

conquest of Peru, x. 356, xi. 279;

and the expedition in Chili, xi.

274; slain by Francisco Pizarro,

XI. 284.
Almaine, see Germany.
Almanie, see Germany.
Almarin, in Portugal, vi. 153.
Almeida, Aloisius, Aloisius Froes's

companion, vi. 332 ; ill at Sacaio,

VI. 346.
Almeria, hills of Papalo in, de-
scribed, X. 295; river, x. 296;

Marks of, in 2nd Ruttier, x. 320.
Aloe, found in Sekotra and Patna,

VI. 26.
Alonso, letter from, to his brother,

commander of S. Lucar (1594) x.

433 ; to S. Lucar Merchants, x.

434-

Alonso, Friar, bishop of Mechuacan,
letter from, to the King of Spain,
X. 168.

Alonso, John, of Valladolid, letter
to, from Hieronymo de Nabares
of Panama, x. 176.

Alorchon, see Alarchon,

Alorgon, Martin, vicar general of
the Inquisition, iv. 203.

Alphonso, taken prisoner by Thomas
Cavendish (1587) xi. 327.

Alphred, see Alfred.

Als Efferne, see Hel-cliffe.

Altamira, Conde de, and the defence
of Spain (1585) x. 96.

Altem.ira, Conde de, and the Span-
ish army (1589) vi. 491; Mar-
quess of Seralba and, vi. 494.

Altine, silver Russian coin, 11. 274.

Altisoldan, see Alti, Sultan.

AIti, Sultan, and Bathy, i. 76; Bathy's
expedition against, i. 152 ; and
the Bisermini, i. 167.

Alto Velo Island, marks of, de-
scribed in the Ruttier, x. 285 ; in
the 2nd Ruttier, x. 312.

Alum, rock, in China and Constan-
tinople, VI. 25; in Virginia (1586)
VIII. 354; in New Spain, ix.
390.

Alumme di Rocca, see Alum.

Alured, bishop of Worcester, voyage
of (1058) IV. 287.

Alva, Don Lorenzo de, detained by
Sir John Hawkins on his shij5
(1568) IX. 402.

Alva, Duke of, in the Low Countries,
XII. 25, 51.

Alvala or Portuguese patent, vi.

153-
Alvarado, Fernando de, companion

of Vasquez de Coronado (1540) ix.

151; in Cevola, ix. 153.
Alvarado, Rio, John Chilton at

(1572) IX. 374.
Alvarez, Francisco, captain of Nos-
tra Senora de los remedios (1591)

VII. 60.
Alvarez, Peter, discoveries of (1497-

1510) VIII. 128.
Alvelana, English troops poisoned

at (1589) VI. 500.
Alwey, Robert, shipmaster, and

Prussian pirates (1395) 11. 65.
Aly, see Ali.
Amacaiz, chief city of Ethiopia, vi.

145-

Amacur river, x. 494 ; between Cape
Cecil and Raleana, x.^ 459, 464.

Amacura, a mouth of the Orinoco
river, x. 420.

Amadas, Captain Philip, voyage of,
to Virginia (1584) viii. 297, 300;
return of, viii. 310; Sir Richard
Grenville and (1585) viii. 316;
Admiral of Virginia, viii. 317;
sent northward of Florida by Sir
Walter Raleigh, xii. 39; and
Manteo, 113.

Amadavar, principal city of Cam-
bay, v. 374.

Amader, a city in Darha, vii. 89.

Amadia, market at (1568) iii. 139.

Amaipagotos, see Amapagotos.

Aman, Pasha of, his presents to
Solyman (1553) v. 108; Richard
Forster, Consul for (1583) v. 260.

130

INDEX

Amana river, in Guanipa bay,
King, master of the Lion's Whelp,
sent to, by Sir Walter Raleigh
(1595) X. 378; Sir Walter Raleigh
on (1595) X. 384, 393; strength
of current of, x. 421; cannibals
near, x. 422 ; passage freed, x.
460; or Viapari, or Ivia-Pari, x.
496.

Amanguzzo, Kingdom of, in Japan,
VI. 336.

Amano River, xi. 7.

Amapagotos, Indians, unmanned
horses of, x. 465 ; enemies to the
Spanish, 474.

Amapaia, wrought gold in, x. 369 ;
poisonous water in, x. 370; Bor-
reo's wintering at, x. 408; the Ori-
noco in, x. 408.

Amapaians, Indians, and Antonio de
Berreo (c. 1595) x. 368.

Amapaias, x. 423.

Amar Meleck, King of Porto d'
Ally (1591) VII. 94; and Richard
Rainolds, vii. 97.

Amarilla Haggi, or Amir el Cheggi,
Captain of the Pilgrims, v. 341,

346.

Amariocapana, Valley, x. 400, 423 ;
town and valley, described by Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 416;
Carapana's flight over (1595) x.
419.

Amasanguano, residence of the Por-
tuguese Governor of Angola, vi.
468.

Amathusa, see Cyprus.

Amazon, river of, or Marannon, or
Orellana, country between the, and
Baraquan, conquered by the son of
Guaynacapa, x. 356 ; Papamene,
branch of, x. 358; discovered by
Orellana (1542) x. 3^9; French
voyages to, x. 365 ; Juan Corteso
at, X. 496 ; testimonies concerning,
XI. 16-22 ; width of the mouth,
XI. 17, 18; description, xi. 19;
Indians of, description, xi. 20.

Amazon Women, description by Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 366, xi.
246 ; queens of, x. 367 ; situation
of country of, x. 424.

Ambassador of the Caliph of Bagdad
to Kaiuk, i. 170; Russian, to

Poland (1553) II. 230, 360; to Eng-
land, his return to Russia (1556)

II. 358 ; names of his native
attendants, 361 ; disappointment
of the Muscovy Company in the
(1557) 391 ; Anthony Jenkinson
and. III. 29 ; reception of, by Queen
Elizabeth (1567) 98; English and
Prussian, and the settling of dam-
ages (1408) II. 88; from Bokhara
and Balkh to Russia (1559) 11. 475 ;
Turkish, at the Persian court (1562)

III. 27 ; Ivan Vasiliwich, Emperor
of Russia, asks Queen Elizabeth
for an English (1583) iii. 315; of
all nations in Russia (1584) iii.
344 ; Henry Roberts at the court of
Morocco, VI. 426; English, at
Constantinople, xii. 102.

Ambassadors, English merchants
in Canaries as, vi. 235 ; from
several nations at the court of
Ternate, xi. 127 ; their allowances,
in Turkey, vi. 68.

Ambergris trade in the Kingdom of
Junkseylon (1592) vi. 399; found
in Bahia, xi. 250.

Amboina, cloves found in, vi. 24.

Amboise, birthplace of Philip Rouge-
mont (1535) VIII. 247.

Ambrachan, found in Melinde and,
Mozambique, vi. 26.

Ambrose, the musician, drowned off
Puna Island (1587) xi. 318.

Ameddinbeck, and the English Mer-
chants, III. 49, 60.

Ameies, Indians, described by An-
tonio de Espejo (1582) ix. 198.

Ameleck Channa, Princess, Tomb
of. III. 25.

Amerciates, Convent of the, in Gal-
lipoli (1577) v. 165.

America, English voyages to north
of (149s) VII. 141, 143; Atlantis,
VII. 160; in Ortelius's Map, vii.
163 ; an island, vii. 165, 199-203 ;
fertility of, vii. 254, vii. 261 ;
discovery through Frobisher's
Straits (1578) vii. 368; Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert and colonisation
(1578) VIII. 17-23; French posses-
sions, VIII. 35 ; named after Amer-
igo Vespucci (1501) VIII. 129;
company of merchants for dis-

131

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

coveries (1583) vni. 134; advan-
tages of voyage to. vin. 137;
Northern, products of, vni. 139;
Eastern, products of, vni. 139;
discovery, viii. 448 ; known to
Plato as Atlantis, xii. 26.
Amida, idol of the Bonzes, in Japan,
VI. 336; or the Devil, vi. 338,

344-
Amidans, religious sect in Japan, vi.

336.
Amity, the, in Morocco (1594) vii.

100; Thomas White in (1592) vii.

103.
Amity, the, at Flores (1590) viii.

421.
Amity, the, Charles Caesar, captain

of, in Sir Francis Drake's fleet

(1.595) X. 234.
Amnatopoi Valley, x. 403.
Amochi, guard of King of Cochin,

V. 394-

Amomum, found in China, vi. 25.

Amonna river, x. 459, x. 492.

Amorites, Joshua and the, viii. 103.

Amsterdam, Henry Austell at (1585)
V. 320.

Amurat, see Amurath.

Amurath II., sixth Turkish Em-
peror (1417) m. 399.

Amurath III., Emperor of Constan-
tinople (1585), letters to Queen
Elizabeth (1579) v. 169; Queen
Elizabeth's letters to (1579) 171,
175, (1581) 189, (1582) 221-224,
224-226, (1584) 311; his reception
of William Harborne, ambassador
(1583) 257; his protection to Eng-
lish ships in his dominions (1584)
275 ; his preference for the English
nation, 277; letter to the King of
Tripoli (1584) 314, 324; state ex-
penses, VI. 61-68; Sinan Pasha,
counsellor of, 69 ; and Casul
Pasha, 71 ; and the Ascension, 95 ;
his reception of Edward Barton,
ambassador, 98.

Amurath 's Empress, her letter to
Queen Elizabeth (1594) vi. 114;
style of, 116.

Amusgan language spoken in
Ometepec, ix. 468, 471.

Amusgos Mountains, Tlacamama
river springs from, ix. 469.

Amusgos town, in charge of Fer-
nando de Avila, ix. 470.

Anacharaqua, King, vassal of King
Utina (1564) IX. 21.

Anagacu, town near Marinduque
Islands, ix. 330.

Anagona in Teneriffe, vi. 269.

Ananas, see Pineapples.

Anasebo, Rio de, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 331.

Anawra, Indian Captain, x. 495.

Anchiassini, judges in China, vi.
296, 301.

Anchurus, son of King Midas, iv.
I. 89.

Ancola, in Gargopam, Caesar Fred-
erick at (1567) v. 389.

An con de Sant Andres, see S. An-
drew's haven.

Ancona, Monte de, John Locke in
sight of (1553) v. 78.

Andacon, adviser of Pemisapan
against Ralph Lane (1586) viii.

Andalusia, Contribution of, to the

Armada (1588) iv. 200.
Andaman Islands, people of, v. 403 ;

amber found, v. 404.
iVnderson, Henry, licensed to trade

in Russia free from customs (1592)

III. 440.
Anderson, Henry, of the Levant

Company (1592) vi. 75, 78.
Andover, in Hampshire, birth-place

of Robert Tomson, ix. 338.
Andrada, Conde de, at Puente de

Burgos (1589) VI. 491; Marquess

of Seralba and, vi. 494.
Andrew, Friar, at the Court of Ken-
Khan, I. 267; journey of, i. 271;

and Buri, i. 282.
Andrew, Simon, and Prussian pir-
ates (1395) II. 66.
Andrew de Culiacan, Christian

Indian in Cevola (1582) ix. 199.
Andrewes, William, Captain of the

Squirrel (1583) viii. 47; returns to

England in the Swallow, viii. 62.
Andrews, John, merchant on the

Bona Esperanza (1553) H. 212.
Andri Island, William Harborne at

(1583) v. 250.
Andrinopoli, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 323-

132

INDEX

Andronicus, the elder, iii. 397.
Andros, Island of, wine fountain in,

iVo 38, 133 ; Richard Wrag at

(1593) VI. 95.
Andros, the John Evangelist on a

Sand called (1557) n. 414.
Androwes, wounded with poisoned

arrow at Cape Verde (1567) vi. 273.
Andruzzi, keep, at Famagusta (1571)

V. 132; siege of, v. 135-152.
Anebas Indians, x. 423 ; and

wrought gold, x. 369.
Aneda, Storax Calamita found in,

VI. 25

Anegada Bay, latitude of, xi. 86.
Anegada Island, Captain Laudon-
niere at (1564) ix. 5; latitude, x.

333-
Anegadas, Las, Islands in the South

Sea (1587) XI. 301.
Anes, Lady, wife of Pedro de Orsua,

murdered by his soldiers (1560) x.

499.
Aneta, town on the Berbice river, x.

494.
Angel, the, of Sir John Hawkins'

fleet (1567) IX. 398, 445; at Sierra

Leone (1568) ix. 447; at Riohacha,

IX. 449; sunk by the Spanish at

S. Juan d'Ulloa (1568) ix. 453.
Angel, the. Sir Amyas de Preston's

ship (1595) X. 213.
Angeles, Pueblo de los, see Pueblo,

etc.
Angeli. in Orissa, products of, v.

482.
Anger Island, iii. 74.
Angili, see Angles.
Angles and Octher, i. 14; a nation

in Britain, iv. 278.
Anglesey, King Edwin and, i. 8.

* Anglorum, De Gestis Regum,'

William of Malmesbury, iv. 279,
283, 284.

* Anglorum, De Gestis Pontificum,'

by William of Malmesbury, iv.
280.
Angola, Baltazar Almeida de Souza,
on (1591) VI. 468; King of, and
King of Matamba (1590) vi.
468; new watering place (1592)
vii. 112, 122; Portuguese trade in,
vii. 119; trade of Negroes in
(1596) XI. 42.

Angolesme, see Angouleme.

Angouleme, lake of, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 229.

Angra in Terceira, vii. 9-11, 14, 21;
city near El Brasil, x. 299; har-
bour of, mentioned in the Ruttier,
XI. 83.

Angrim, Mandeville's description of
(1559) II. 482.

Anguilla, Captain Laudonniere at
(1564) IX. 5.

Anguillas, Las, Islands, described
in 2nd Ruttier, x. 329 ; latitude, x.

333-

Anguille, Cape (Newfoundland), the
Grace at, viii. 163.

Anguillie, see Anguille.

Ania, see Anian.

Anian, in Asia, iii. 263 ; people
of, on the borders of America,
VII. 165 ; Paulus Venetus sail-
ing by, VII. 170; Strait of,

VII. 202.

Anigris river in Aelis, Smell of, iv.

39. 134-

Anile, used in Persian dyes, iii. 250;
blue dye, John Chilton's business
in (1570) IX. 366; found in Hon-
duras, IX. 367; found in Cam-
peachy, IX. 375 ; taken at Agua-
tulco by Thomas Cavendish (1587)
XI. 320.

Animals, wild, in Lapland, 11.
223, 417; in Russia, 253, 276;
in Nova Zembla, 347; in Cathay,
4S2 ; in Iceland, iv. 44, 141 ;
strange, in a Fuco Monas-
terv, IV. 427 ; in the plain of
Babylon, vi. 8; domestic, of
Canary Island, vi. 129; wild, of
Ethiopia, VI. 169; in S. John
Island, VII. 146; not wandering
from Asia to America, vii. 166; in
Meta Incognita, vii. 228, 374; of
the Continent discovered by Cap-
tain Frobisher (1578) vii. 338; for
hunting in the Western Planting,

VIII. 114; on Cape Breton, viii.
158; near Hochelaga, viii. 244;
in Florida, viii. 426.

Anius, King of the Thuscans, iv.

72, 174-
Anna, wife of Vladimir (988) 11.
184.

133

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Anna (mentioned in the New Testa-
ment), IV. 272.

'Annalium,' pars prior, by Roger
Hoveden, iv. 287.

* Annalium,' pars posterior, by Roger

Hoveden, iv. 312, 315.

Annas, house of, in Jerusalem (1581)
V. 212.

Anne, the (1557) 11. 375, 413, 425;
David Philly, master, 380.

Anne or Countess of Warwick's
Sound, and Island discovered by
Captain Frobisher (1577) vii. 221;
Captain Frobisher lands at (1578)
VH. 233, 239; gold ore in (1577)
VII. 299, 314, 347; Jackman's
Sound and, vii. 306 ; fort built at,
VII. 310, 341; departure of Cap-
tain Frobisher from, vii. 315, 364;
mines worked on, by Captain
Frobisher, vii. 348; Captain Best
at, VII. 360, 362 ; house built at,
by Captain Fenton, vii. 362.

Anne Francis, the, of London,
and the survivors of the Toby
(1593) VII. 128.

Anne Francis, the, of Captain
Frobisher 's third voyage to
Mcta Incognita (1578) vii. 236,
238, 240, 340, 344, 349, 350, 356;
the, George Best, Captain of
(1587) VII. 322 ; attendant on the
Thomas Allen, vii. 325, 340;
brought to Countess's Sound, vii.
362 ; and the Busse of Bridge-
water, vii. 364.

Anniperima, mountain, Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1595) x. 350.

Annuity granted to Sebastian
Cabot bv Edward VI. (1548) vii.
J57.

Anold, in Denmark or Norway, 11.
63-

Ansam, near Macao, in China, vi.
351-

Ansell, Edmund, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. '/6, 78.

Anselm, Valerius, vii. 162.

Anta, see Hanta,

* Antarctique, French,' description of

a tree bearing oysters in, by
Andrew Thevet, x. 350.
Antemila Island, William Harborne
at (1583) V. 250.

Anthony, a negro of Hanta, left in

London, vi. 218.
Anthony, John, master of the Red

Dragon (1586) xi. 203; in coun-
cil, XI. 211.
Anthony, Nicholas, boatswain on the

Bona Esperanza, 11. 212, 213.
Anthony, Thomas, called in Council

by Robert Withrington, xi. 211.
Anthony, William, ship master in

the Earl of Cumberland's Azores

fleet (1589) vii. 25.
Anthony. William, captain of the

Mayflower (1593) vii. 118; killed

in a fight, vii. 120.
Anthony, William, master of the

bark Clifford (1586) xi. 203; in

council, XI. 211.
Anthropophagi, see Cannibals.
Antigua, Vasquez de Coronado at,

IX. 164, 165 ; Friar John de Padilla

in (1540) IX. 166; Friar Augustin

Ruyz at (1581) ix. 187; in N.

Mexico, Antonio de Espejo in

(1582) IX. 187; latitude, x. 333;

Sir Walter Raleigh at (1597) xi.

15-

Antilles, viii. 450 ; of the West
Indies, Sir Richard Grenville at
(1585) VIII. 311; Captain Laudon-
niere at (1564) ix. 3.

Antioch, i. 28; history of, 267;
governor of, ambassador to Rus-
sia, II. 185 ; Prince of, in Cyprus
(1191) IV. 330; John Eldred at
(1587) VI. 9 ; description by Richard
Wrag (1594) VI. 108.

Antiochia, see Antioch.

Antipo, Sanjack of, at Fama-
gusta (1571) V. 148; slain, v. 152.

Antissa, on Sea of Azov, vii. 161.

Antivari, in Slavonia, Venetian pos-
session, V. 80.

Antla, see Intla.

Anton, Juan de. Captain of a Span-
ish treasure ship captured by Sir
Francis Drake, xi. 264.

Antoni Serro, Punta de, mentioned
in the Ruttier, x. 297 ; or Anton
Mislardo, x. 322.

Antonio de Guadalajara, Christian
Indian in Cevola (1582) ix. 199.

Antonio, Don, and the Captain of
Ormuz (1583) V. 457, 458; King

134

INDEX

of Portugal, VI. 483, 500, 502,
504, VII. 12, XI. 339; and his
French ships at Terceira (1580) ix.
442 ; advice of Don Alvaro Bagan
to oppose, in Spain, x. 96; in
England, xi. 340; and Richard
Hakluyt in Paris, xii. 76 ; in Eng-
land, 105.

Antonio, Don Luis' son, in Guinea
(1562) VI. 260.

Antonio of Ascoli, wounded at Fam-
agusta (1571) V. 137; made slave,
V. 151.

Antonio, Juan Baptista, account of
the West Indian Ports by (1587) x.
135-156; safe course for the Span-
ish fleet to S. Marta advised by

(1587) X. 136; advice for strength-
ening Cartagena Harbour, x. 140,
141 ; advises Puerto Bello as har-
bour, X. 144, 146 ; general engineer
of the West Indies, his inspection
of Puerto Rico (1590) x. 161.

Antony, the, at Fayal (1590) viii.

422.
Antwerp, vii. 52 ; and the Armada

(1588) IV. 204; siege of, by
Frederic Jenebelli (1585) iv. 222 ;
soldiers of, at Joppa (1107) iv.
301; Laurence Aldersey at (1581)
v. 214; Sesame seed in, v. 230.

Anus, Aurea, iii. 409.

Anwara, a^ Cacique, and Laurence

Keymis (1596) x. 463.
Anwik, John, in Virginia (1585)

viii. 318.
Apalatci Mountains, rich copper in,

viii. 452 ; mines of gold in, ix. 55,

88; gold and crystal in, ix.

112.
Apalito, Indian name of God, ix.

191.
Apalou, Captain Vasseur and (1565)

IX. 75.
Apareepo, Indian poisoned herb, x.

495-
Aparwa, a Cacique, and Laurence

Keymis (1596) x. 463, 495.
Aphricerones, tribe east of Guinea,

VI. 168.
Aponas, Isles of, the Bonaventure at

(1591^ VIII. i;o.
Aponiquay, at Punta de Olinda, xi-

74-

Apotomios, Indians, and the gold of

Guiana, x. 366.
Appalatci, see Apalatci.
Apparel, Wearing, in Iceland, iv.

65, 165.

Appian, his account of Captain
Britomarus, iv. 270; and the
North-west passage, vii. 162.

Apples, poisonous, in S. Cruz, viii.

387.

Apponatz, birds described by Jacques
Cartier (1534) viii. 192.

Apram, cow's milk in Tartary, i.
250.

Apprentices to the Muscovy Com-
pany, II. 383.

Apulia, John Locke at (1553) v.
80.

Aquascogoc, see Aquascogok.

Aquascogok, a town of Virginia,
Sir Richard Grenville at (1585)
VIII. 316; John White and (1587)
VIII. 394.

Aquaviva, Claudius, quotation from
an Epistle of Friar Luis Frois to
(1596) XI. 441.

Aquileia, Patriarch of, and the Tar-
tars, I. 51.

Aquita, in Japan, vi. 340.

Aquitaine and Edward I.'s Great
Charter, i. 333.

Ara Mountain, mentioned by Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 417.

Arabia, Athelard of Bath Abbey in
(1130) IV. 307; three Sanjacks
of, at Siege of Famagusta (1571)
V. 148-152,345,348 caravans of, at
Mecca (1580) v. 357; Thieves on
the Euphrates (1563) v. 368, (1583)
V. 466, VI. 3; fertility of, vii. 254;
Gulf of, VIII. 128.

Arabia Felix, Requitria found, vi.
25; Bdellium found, vi. 26; dates
found, VI. 27; Mahomet buried
in, VIII. 128,

Araclia, see Herakleia.

Araesonius, Jonas, 20th bishop of
Holen, in Iceland (1525) iv. 58,
156.

Aragon, James I., King of, at Tunis
(1270) IV. 359.

Aragon, Peter IV., King of (1344) iv.

368, VI. 119, 368.
Araia Point (1596) x. 272.

35

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Arakan, kingdom of, and the King
of Tipperah, v. 483 ; Ralph Fitch
near (1583) 485; King of, v. 438;
and the King of Pegu, 439.

Aramatappo river, x. 492 ; between
Cape Cecil and Raleana river, x.

459-

Aramatto, Indians of, and Sir
Walter Raleigh (1597) xi. 6.

Arambec, see Norumbega.

Aramiary, a Cacique, and Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 398.

Aranacoa, Indian Captain, x. 493.

Arara, metal found in Yguirie, x.
207.

Arash river, see Araxes.

Arataco, a Cacique, and Domingo
da Vera (1593) x. 437.

Aratoori river, x. 464, 494 ; a mouth
of the Orinoco river, x. 420 ; be-
tween Cape Cecil and Raleana
river, x. 459.

Arauco in Chili, independence of, x.
501 ; La Mocha Island near, xi.
260 ; governor of Chili lands at, xi.
270 ; El Estado de, description of,
XI. 275 ; unconquered by the Span-
iards (1587) XI. 302; gold in, XI.
303 ; John Chidley's voyage in-
tended for (1589) XI. 382.

Arawaccos, see Arawaks.

Arawagotos, near the Caroli river,
enemy to the Spaniards (1595) x,
402.

Arawaks, people in Punta de Carao
in Trinidad, x. 350 ; Indian of the,
pilot of Sir Walter Raleigh, x. 380,
389; treatment of their dead, x.
384, 424 ; trade in women with
West Indies by the, x. 407; wan-
dering tribe of Indians, x. 455 ;
Arracuri of the, x. 460; Indian
allies of the Spaniards, x. 462,
474 ; nation of the Cunanama
river, x. 492 ; of the Cawroora,
492 ; Marrac, town of, xi. 7 ;
Thomas Masham and, xi. 10.

Arawanna river, x. 494.

Arawawo river, in Trinidad, Cia-
wannas dwelling near (1596) x. 476.

Araxes, tributary to the Caspian Sea,
II. 478.

Arbitration between England and
Prussia (1408) 11. 92.

Arcadius, son of Theodosius, Em-
peror of the East, viii. 106.

Arcawas, see Arawaks.

Archaha, Captain Laudonniere's
mutinous soldiers at (1564) ix.

43-

' Archaionomia,' by William Lam-
barde (1568) i. li. 5.

Archangel, latitude of, iii. 247 ; Im-
perial sepulchres at, 337; castle
of. Sir Jerome Horsey at, 346;
English port prohibited at, 352 ;
Russian port, 431; house given to
Muscovy Company at (1592) 443.

Archangel, the, ship of Sir Anthony
Sherley, left to the Earl of Essex
(1596) X. 266.

Archard, Arnold and Joyce, settlers
in Virginia (1587) viii. 402, 403.

Archard, Thomas, child settler in
Virginia (1587) viii. 403.

Archipelago, the, Roger Bodenham
in (1551) V. 73 ; William Harborne
in (1583) V. 250.

Archipelago, near Bears' Sound and
Hall's Island, vii. 364, 368.

Arcooa river, x. 454; discovered by
Laurence Keymis, x. 490.

Arda, the Richard of Arundel
athwart of (1590) vi. 464.

Ardock, see Ardoh.

Ardoh river, falls into the Lake of
Cathay, iii. 465 ; William de Rub-
ruquis and the, 11. 461 ; Anthony
Jenkinson on, iii. 456.

Ardok, see Ardoh.

Ardouill, latitude of, iii. 26, 32 ;
one of the chief cities of Persia,
35; silk market, 51; English mer-
chants in, 137; sepulchres of the
Emperors of Persia at, 151 ; mutiny
in, 162.

Ardovil, see Ardouill.

Arenas Gordas, near S. Lucar, West
Indian Fleet at (1580) ix. 443, x.
300 ; mentioned in the Ruttier,
XI. 86.

Arenas, Island of, x. 288.

Arenas, Punta de las, or point of,
the Sands, in Cuba, x. 286.

Areo river, inhabited by the Wikiri,
X. 423.

Areshine, Russian measure for cloth,
n. 275.

136

INDEX

Argier, see Algiers.
Argilla, at the limit of the King-
dom of Fez, VI. 143.
Arguin, Island and Castle, latitude,

VII. 88 ; Portuguese garrison at,

VIII. 445.
Ariacoa, Sir Walter Raleigh at

(1595) X. 417.

Arica, x. 177; haven in Peru, de-
scription of, by Friar Alonso
(1590) x. 168; importance of, x.
170; latitude of, xi. 115, 261, 285,
307> 349. 359. 368; sacked by
Sir Francis Drake (1579) xi. 115,
261; Nuno da Silva at (1579) xi.
141 ; Fort and garrison at, xi.
262 ; Bark taken at, by Thomas
Cavendish and called the George
(1587) XI. 307, 368; from, to Par-
aca, XI. 360; Bay of, anchorage
in, XI. 372.

Arima, princedom of, in Figen, xi.
424; Jesuit College at (1591) xi.
428.

Aripacoro river, x. 494.

Aristides the Philosopher and The-
mistocles' stratagem, viii. 93.

Aristotle, vii. 199, 265 ; on fire and
water, iv. 21, 112; on Lipara
Hill, IV. 26, 118; on hot spring
baths, IV. 35, 129; on an oil
fountain in Carthage, iv. 37, 133;
on the vinegar fountain in Sicily,
IV. 38, 134; on the blood fountain
in Japigia, iv. 38, 134 ; ' Morals '
of, translated by John Erigena,

IV. 281 ; and Alexander the Great,

V. 119; * De Mundo ' by, vi. 171,
VII. 162 ; and Mare Indicum, vii.
180.

Ark-royal, the, flagship in pursuit of
the Armada (1588) iv. 215; of the
Cadiz expedition (1596) iv. 248,
262 ; engraving of, iv. 208.

Arkey, Laurence, Master of the
Trinity Fitz Williams (1534) v.
62.

Arlac, M. de. Ensign of Captain
Laudonniere at the river of Dol-
phins (1564) IX. 5; and the Indian
prisoners (1564) ix. 31, 33; and
King Utina, ix. 34; and the ship-
building in Fort Caroline (1565)
IX. 60.

XII 137

Armada, Spanish (1588) i. xxxiii. f. ;
Iviii. ; record of (1588) iv. 197-
234 ; daily cost of, 202 ; sails from
Lisbon (1588) iv. 209 ; passes Ply-
mouth, IV. 211; first action in the
English Channel, engraving of,
212; meets the English fleet, iv.
218; Spanish and English fleets
at close quarters, engraving of,
220 ; and the fire ships of Lord
Charles Howard, iv. 222 ; last
action in the English Channel, en-
graving of, 224; Spanish relics
from, engraving of, 232 ; defeat of
(1588) VII. 39; efl"ects of the defeat
of the, on the markets of New
Spain (1590) X. 1G6; Drake and,
XII. 63.

Armadilla, see Armadillo.

Armadillo or Cassacam, used as
food in Guiana (1595) x. 399; used
as food by Sir Walter Raleigh
(1595) X. 421.

Armago, Captain of Orocoa, and Sir
Robert Dudley (1595) x. 208.

Armenal, the, ship of Captain Fro-
bisher's fleet (1578) vii. 324.

Armenia, Conquest of, i. 154, 166;
discovered by the Muscovy Com-
pany, III. 86, 88; Russian fur
trade in (1588) 365 ; Lyon, King
of, voyage of, to England (1386)
IV. 445.

Armenia Major, Azaron city in, iv.
409 ; retinue of the Beglerbeg of,
VI. 67.

Armenians, i. 78, 86, 264; Trade
between Venetians and, iii. 139.

Armoniago, found in Persia, vi.
26.

Arms, see Weapons.

Arms, Portuguese, graven on Seal
Island by Martin Alonso de Souza,
XT. 249.

Armshow, William, on board the
Aid (1577) VII. 285.

Army, in Russia, 11. 229, 258,
431; splendour of, 230; descrip-
tion of, 430; Russian, iii. 377-
386; Land, of the Armada, iv.
205 ; Richard Wrag on the Turk-
ish (1594) VI. 103-110; of the King
of Pegu, VI. 386; sufferings of
the English, in Portugal (1589) vi.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

408; voluntary contribution ad-
vised towards maintaining an
English (1589) VI. 522; sent by
Don Antonio de Mendoza for con-
quests in Cevola, expenses of
(1540) IX. 161 ; proposed Spanish,
to oppose Sir Francis Drake, x.
95; to oppose Don Antonio's in-
vasion (1585) X. 96.

Arnacho di Salini, John Locke at
(1553) V. 93, 96, 98.

Arnam, see Arnheim.

Arneoste, Giant, and his family, iii.

25-
Arnerus, loth Bishop of Schalholt,

in Iceland (1269) iv. 55, 154.
Arnerus, son of Helgo, nth bishop

of Schalholt, in Iceland (1304) iv.

55' 154-
Arnerus, surnamed Milldur, 20th

bishop of Schalholt, in Iceland

(1420) IV. 57, 156.
Arnfurt, river Main at, v, 321.
Arngrimus, Jonas, ' Commentary

of Iceland ' by, iv. 1-89, 89-194;

on the Westerlv current, vii. 152,

168.
Arnheim, Laurence Aldersey at

(1581) V. 214.
Arnica, town in Cyprus, v. 125.
Arnold, surgeon on the Edward

Bonaventure, death of (1592) vi.

393-
Aroami mountain, Sir Walter

Raleigh near (1595) x. 398.
Aromaia, Antonio de Berreo's envoys

killed by King Morequito at, x.

374; Topiawari King of, x. 375,

395, 398, 399; Port of Morequito

in, X. 423,
Aron Voivoda, prince of Moldavia

(1503) yi- 102.
Arooca river, x. 494.
Aroras, inhabitants of Sayma, poi-
soned arrows of, x. 397.
Arowari, river, discovered by

Laurence Keymis (1596) x. 490.
Arowocai, town of King Topari-

maca, x. 394.
Arra Castle, Portuguese possession,

VI. 160.
Arracuri, of the Arawaks of Barima,

x. 460.
Arracuri, Indian captain, x. 495.

Arragon, see Aragon.

Arraroopana, branch of the Orinoco
River, x. 395.

Arrash, or Erex, silk market at, iii.
24, 158; Edward Clark sent to,
34; one of the chief cities of Per-
sia, 35; Kersey market in, 137;
Thomas Banister at, 153.

Arrazife, see Pernambuco.

Arrecife, see Pernambuco.

Arrian on India, vii. 180.

Arricari, nation of the Marpari, x.
490.

Arricurri, nation of the Caipurogh,
X. 490.

Arrogostoria, harbour in Cepha-
lonia, V. 310.

Arromaiarie, conqueror of the Tiviti-
vas, X. 460.

Arrowari river, mouth of, latitude
of, Laurence Keymis at (1596) x.

453-
Arrows, and arrowheads of Indians
of Florida, x. 52 ; of Indians of
Trinidad, xi. 22 ; poisoned, used
against English merchants in
Cape Verde Islands (1567) vi. 272 ;
deaths by, vi. 274 ; Captain Dud-
ley wounded by (1568) ix. 446; of
negroes. Sir John Hawkins's crew
wounded with, on the Guinea
Coast (1567) X. 64; used by In-
dians at the defence of Cartagena

(1586) X. 119; used by the Aboras,
X. 397 ; of the negroes^ of Sierra
Leone (1586) xi. 293.

Artawische, on the Stzuchogora, in

Russia, III. 407.
Arthemidorus on Cyprus, v. 125.
Arthur, Richard, settler in Virginia

(1587) vni. 403.

Arthur, Walter, of the Sunshine of
London (1585) vii. 382.

Articles of Covenant of the Edward
Cotton (1583) VI. 408.

Articles between Sir John Hawkins
and Don Martin de Henriquez,
viceroy of Mexico (1568) ix. 404.

Artificers, English, Emperor of Rus-
sia and the, iii. 118, 184; licensed
to leave Russia, 191.

Artillery, Russian, iii. 385; Master
of the, in the Russian Army, 381 ;
Turkish, at the siege of Rhodes

138

INDEX

(1522) V. 19; Master of the Turk-
ish, or Topagi Pasha, pay of (1588)
VI. 63.

Artois, customs in, i. 352, 355.

Artois, Robert, Earl of, brother of
Louis IX., and William Longes-
pee (1249) IV. 355; his defeat of
the Saracens, iv. 356-358; death,
IV. 358.

Artoys, see Artois.

Aruba, Island, Sir John Hawkins
near (1565) x. 37; Sir Francis
Drake at (1595) x. 233; latitude,
X. 287, 335.

Arui, river, through Lake Cassipa,
X. 405.

Arumburch, Marquess of. Admiral
of Seville Squadron (1591) vii. 47.

Arundel, Henry, Earl of, Queen
Mary's Steward (1555) n. 304.

Arundel, William of Albany, Earl of,
Voyage of, to the Holy Land
(1218) IV. 349.

Arundell, John, of Sir Richard
Grenville's voyage to Virginia
(1585) VIII. 310, 316; sent to the
mainland with Manteo, viii. 315.

Arusburg, on the Osella, iii. 454.

Arvoredo, Illha de, mentioned in the
Ruttier, xi. 84.

Arwaca, see Arawaks.

Arwacca, see Arawaks.

Arwaccawes, see Arawaks,

Arwakima, town on the Caitooma,
X. 494.

Arwaos, nation on the Arowari, x.
490.

Arz, or bill of complaint to the
Grand Signior, vi. 96.

Arzila, town, conquered by the
Portuguese, viii. 127,

Arzina, reca, or river, in Lapland,
death of Sir Hugh Willoughby at
(1553) II. 224; Sir Hugh Wil-
loughby at (1553) II. 417, III. 331.

Asafoetida, found in Lahore, vi. 25.

Asagresal, mentioned in the Ruttier,

X. 299.
Asaphi, see Azafi.
Asarie, money of Ormuz, vi. 14.
Ascalon, iv. 299; destroyed by Sala-
din (1191) IV. 335.

Ascelline, Friar, Pope Innocent IV. 's
envoy, i. 134.

Ascension, the, of London, in Cepha-

lonia (1585) V. 310; Henry

Roberts in, vi. 426
Ascension, the, of London, Richard

Wrag in (1593) vi. 94; at the

Seven Towers, vi. 95 ; leaves

Turkey (1593) vi. 103.
Ascensio7i, and the Spanish ships

(1590) VII. 31, 32.
Ascension, of Seville, sunk with the

Revenge (1591) vii. 47.
Ascension, Sir Amyas de Preston's

ship (1593) X. 213'
Ascension, Isle of, latitude, viii.

277; Roberval at (1542) viii. 284;

Islands, mentioned in tlie Ruttier,

XI. 88.
Ascension, La, town on the River

Plate (1582) XI. 183, 210, 253.
Aschilius, King of Denmark, i. 4.
Ascoli, Prince of. Volunteer in the

Armada (1588) iv. 203; at Dun-
kirk, IV. 219.
Ascon, and the Queen of Sheba, vi.

145-

Aselye, Henry, taken prisoner by In-
dians on Puna Island (1587) xi.
318.

Ashaguas, province of the, x. 408.

Ashby, Francis, and M. Gonson at
Deptford (1564) vi. 262.

Ashe, Lancelot, death of, at S. Vin-
cent (1583) XI. 197.

Ashe, William, of the Sunshine
(1586) VII. 409.

Ashen, Arnold, damages paid to
(1409) II. 103.

Ashley, Ralph, and Laurence Alder-
sey at Patras (1586) vi. 40; of
the Levant Company (1592) vi.

76, 78.

Ashley, Sir Anthony, of the Cadiz
expedition (1596) iv. 241 ; knighted
.at Cadiz, iv. 259.

Ash- Wednesday Mass, in Captain
Ulloa's ship (1540) ix. 269.

Asiano, gold coin of Algiers (1584) v.
270.

Askham, William, English Ambas-
sador to Prussia (1409) 11. 98, 106.

Asmerome, meeting place of Pashas
(1583) V. 453.

Asores, see Azores.

Asou, on the Caspian Sea, 11. 454.

139

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Aspelia, see Cyprus.

Asper, coin of Algiers and Constan-
tinople (1584) V. 270; of Alex-
andria, V. 273.

Assan, see Hassan.

Assani, see Roumanians.

Assanus, land of, see Roumania.

Assapana Island, in Orinoco river,
description, x. 395; Sir Walter
Raleigh's landing at (1595) x.
421.

Assassini, see Musihet.

Assawai Indians, and the gold of
Guiana, x. 366; inhabitants of
Say ma, x. 396.

Assension, see Ascension.

Asshindon, Sir John, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Assi, King of, enemy to Portuguese,
V. 404; trade with Pegu, v. 428.

Assi, see Alanians.

Assuerus, see Ahasuerus.

Assumption, City, mentioned in the
Ruttier, xi. loi.

Assumption, Isles of, voyage
of English to (1527) viii. i ;
Jacques Cartier and (1534) viii.
144- (1535) vin. 214, 216; voyage
of the Grace to (1594) viii. 162,
164; river near, viii. 243.

Assur, Baldwin, King of Jerusalem
in (1102) IV. 297; conquered by
King Baldwin (1107) iv. 304;
battle near, between Richard I.
and Saladin (1191) iv. 334.

Assyria, Chrinisins or silk worms
bred in, iii. 401.

Assyrius, sent to Asia by Nimrod,
m. 371.

Asta, knight of, slain at Famagusta
(1571) v. 150.

Astar, son of Vastacius, i. 231.

Astatlan, in Western America, viii.
450.

Astina, King, King Utina and (1565)
IX. 63.

Astrakhan, iii. 248, 370, 373; sub-
dued by Russia, 11. 190; market,
406, 456; governor of, 450; old
and new, description of, 454;
Island at, 456; Anthony Jenkin-
son at, 477 ; latitude, 479 ; to Sera-
chick, ten days' journey by land,
480; fifteen days by sea, 481; to

Turkomans by the Caspian, ten
days with barks, 480; Way to
Persia by, iii. 1 1 ; Anthony Jenkin-
son in, 18, 36; Thomas Alcock
in, 41 ; Arthur Edwards' Letter
from, 44-46; Moscow to, 69;
Yaroslavl to, 71 ; English Trade
in, 93. 95. ^09, iii, 112, 155, 156,
181, 182, 190, 245; English
and Tartars fight near, 150;
Ancient Market Town, 183, 217;
besieged by the Crims, 219; King-
dom of, conquered by Russia, 359,
387; salt made at, 368.

Astraphen, Thomas Grolos, Bishop
of (1577) V. 166.

Astrolabe, used for taking latitudes,
VII. 316.

Astronomers, Chinese, vi. 362.

Atabalipa, Prince of Peru, prisoner
of Francisco Pizarro (1533) viii.
125 ; son of the Emperor of Peru,
and Caxamalca, x. 340, 355 ; gold
and silver of, taken by Francisco
Pizarro, x. 358 ; King of Peru, xi.
282 ; imprisonment and murder of,
by Francisco Pizarro, xi. 283.

Atacama, on the coast of Peru, xi.
279.

Aterima, Indian chief, tortured by
Don Antonio de Berreo (1595) x.

353-
Athanasius, Body of, on the gate of

Trebizond, iv. 409; Bishop of

Alexandria, and Frumentius, viii.

105.
Athelard, of the Abbey of Bath (1130)

IV. 306.
Athelstan, First King of Britain

(895-940) I. 21.
Athelwold, Bishop of Winchester

(908-984) I. 22.
Athens, John Erigena at (858) iv.

281.
Atherton, Andrew, Release of (1569)

III. 118.
Athole, Earl of, see Durward.
Athore, son of King Satourioua

(1564) IX. 30; and Captain Vas-

seur (1564) IX. 75; King, and

Captain Gourgues (1567) ix. 102.
Athore, village in Florida, ix. 68.
Athule Island, in the Baraquan or

Orinoco river, x. 408.

140

INDEX

Atie, Arthur, gentleman, member of

the Barbary Company (1585) vi.

419, 420 f.
Atinas, Martin, of Dieppe, in Sir

John Hawkins' ship, lands at

Florida (1565) ix. 77.
Atkins, Tobias, gunner's boy (1580)

III. 232.
Atkinson, Thomas, Russian licence

granted to (1569) iii. 109.
Atlantic, vii. 162.
Atlantis, see America.
Atoiaque, see Atoyaque.
Atoica river, x. 406.
Atoyaque, Mountains, Tlacamama

river springs from, ix. 469.
Atoyaque town, ix. 470.
Attica, Ottoman in, iii. 399.
Attire, Book of the, of all nations,

III. 272.
Aubry, Captain, sent to Croatan

(1585) VIII. 315; to Wokan, viii.

316.
Aucher, Sir Anthony, owner of the

Aucher (1551) v. 72.
Aucher, the, Roger Bodenham's

voyage in (1550) v. 71, 168;

voyage to Chios, v. 73-75 ; James

Alday, master of (1551) vi. 136.
Auctolia, daughter of Simon, iv. 72,

174.
Audely, John, of Poplar, rear ad-
miral of Jam.es Lancaster's ships

(1594) XI. 44.
Audunnus, loth bishop of Holen, in

Iceland (1314) iv. 55, 154.
Audusta, King, in Florida (1562)

VIII. 474; and Nicholas Barre,

VIII. 483 ; Captain Laudonniere

and (1565) IX. 53.^
Augmundus, 26th bishop of Schal-

holt, in Iceland (1522) iv. 58,

157-
Augsburg, on the Lech, Laurence

Aldersey in (1581) v. 202, 214;

Richard Wrag at, vi. 113.
August, William, mariner, iii. 42.
Augusta, see Augsburg.
Augusta Island near Dalmatia, v.

78; John Locke near (1553) v.

104.
Augustine, S., first archbishop of

Canterbury (d. 604) i. 309.
Augustine Eucunocamindono, suc-

cesses of, in Corea (1591) xi. 431,

433-
Augustus, see Caesar.
Aulberge, musters of Knights of

Rhodes in (1522) v. 11.
Aura Soltana, Tartar girl, 11. 401.
Aurea Anus, see Anus.
Aurid, Antonio de, and the surrender

of Peniche (1589) vi. 496.
Auripigmentum, found in Turkey,

VI, 27.
Austell, Henry, voyage of (1585) v.

320-328.
Austen, John, ship master and

Prussian pirates (1395) 11. 66.
Austen, John, steward of the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1553) li. 214.
Austen, Robert, and the cypher

alphabet (1557) 11. 394.
Austin, Captain, in the fleet of Sir

Francis Drake at S. Marta (1595)

X. 236.

Austin, John, distress of, at Port

Desire (1592) xi. 399.
Austin, Peter, new mate of the Jesus

(1583) V. 293.
Austria, Duke of, and the Tartars,

I. 51; in Prussia (1262) 11. 3.
Austridge, see Austria.
Autochthones, Icelanders not, iv. 13,

102.
Auto-da-fe, first, in Mexico (1557) ix.

348.
Auvergne, bulwark of, see under

Rhodes.
Aveador, general of Ormuz, v. 459 ;

and John Newbery (1584) v. 461.
Avellaneda, see Delgadillo.
Avenon, Alexander, member of the

Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Avernus, James, Captain, killed at

the battle of Assur (1191) iv. 335.
Avero, Duke of, and Thomas Stuke-

ley (1578) VI. 294; lord of Puerto

Seguro, XI. 250.
Aves, Isla de, latitude of, x. 333.
Aviero, Portuguese shipping from

(1578) VIII. II.

Avila, Fernando de, in charge of

Amusgos town, ix. 471.
Aviso, Barks of, or despatch boats,

used by the Spanish fleets (1586)

XI. 457-

141

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Avite, Sierras de, in Coquebacoa, x.
287.

Avocottes, fruit of Mexico, ix. 457.

Avoirdupois (Haver de pois), i. 337.

Awarawaqueri, see Iwarawaqueri.

Awaricana, town of the Mawarpari,
X. 492.

Awiapari, town of the Chaimera-
goro, X. 494.

Awodwaier, Indian village, xi. 8.

Axa, Vasquez de Coronado receives
news of (1540) IX. 164.

Axiunitae, people of East Africa, vi.
169.

Ayacastecan, language spoken in
Ometepec, ix. 468.

Ayde, the, see the Aid.

Aynam, Isle of, pearls in, v. 504.

Ayraste, town in Canada, viii. 244.

Aythe, the, see the Aid.

Azafi Bay, viii. 406 ; latitude of,
VI. 138; west of Morocco, vi.
143 ; port in Barbary, English-
men at, VI. 285; Edmund Hogan's
reception at (1577) vi. 286; Henry
Roberts at (1585) vi. 426; con-
quered by Portuguese, viii. 127 ;
near Cape Cantin, xi. 148.

AzafB, see Azafi.

Azamoglans, pay of, vi. 61.

Azamor, west of Morocco, vi. 143 ;
conquered by the Portuguese, viii.
127.

Azania, elephant country in Africa,
VI. 169.

Azaron, City in Armenia major, iv.
409.

Azegue, in Darha, vii. 89.

Azgar, Kingdom of, in Africa, vi.
144.

Azim Khan, and Anthony Jenkin-
son, II. 461, 463.

Azon Agon, substitute of Mahomet
Chaus (1584) V. 284.

Azores, Islands, vi. 176; William
Towerson at (1556) vi. 211, (1577)
VI. 250 ; George Fenner near
(1567) VI. 280; voyage to the, by
Sir Walter Raleigh's ships (1586)
VI. 434-437 ; Sir Francis Drake at
(1587) VI. 442; (1589) VI. 514; the
Richard of Arundel at (1588) vi.
460, 467; George, Earl of Cum-
berland (1589) VII. I, 62, no;

fight near, between the Revenge
and a Spanish Armada (1591) vii.
38-53 ; Lord Thomas Howard at
(1591) VII. 56; Sir John Burrough
at (1592) VII. 109; the Marigold*s
course by (1593) viii. 160; Sir
Richard Grenville at (1586) viii.
348; woad sown in, viii
442; Portuguese garrison in, viii.
445; Earl of Essex's voyage to
(1597) X. 280; Thomas Cavendish
at" (1588) XI. 347; John Chidley
at (1590) XI. 384; settlements on,
by the Portuguese (1448) xii. 3;
Madre de Dios captured off (1592)
84.

Azov, Conquest of, by the Turks,
III. 394.

Azov, sea of, i. 256, 258, 271, iii.
363, VII. 161, 183.

Azoyoque town, description, ix. 472.

Azy, and Anthony Jenkinson, 11.
458.

Baatu, see Bathy.

Babbas, Chetera, in Russia, iii. 243,
244.

Babel, tower of, in Chaldaea, iv.
411; description, by Caesar Fred-
erick (1563) V. 369; by Ralph
Fitch (1583) V. 467; by John Eld-
red, VI. 5.

Bab-el-Mandeb, Strait of, viii. 128.

Bab-el-Mandell, see Bab-el-Mandeb.

Babelbar, port of Alexandria, v. 330.

Baberno, headland in Asia, v. 251.

Babil gehenham, door of Hell, vi.
8.

Babington, Thomas, at Guaybea,
Brazil (1581) xi. 34; at Santos, xi.

37-

Bab-Nassera, Gate of Cairo, v. 343.

Babylon, date market at, iii. 140;
field of, IV. 26, 118; Robert, son
of Godwin, a martyr in, iv. 296;
Semiramis and the walls of, v. 118;
description by Caesar Frederick, v.
368, 369, 445 ; by John Eldred,
VI. 4 f. ; caravan to Aleppo, v. 445 ;
Letter from John Newbery at, to
Leonard Poore (1583) v. 455 ; price
of spices, V. 456 ; Ralph Fitch in,
V- 463, 505; voyage of John Eld-
red to (1583) VI. 1-9; camels in, vi.

142

INDEX

4; weight, measure, and money
current in, vi. 10; customs of,
VI. 11; English consul at, xii.
102.
Babylonia and Cairo, Keeper of, and
Louis IX., King of France (1249)

IV. 355-
Babylonians, people of East Africa,

VI. 169.

Bacabatra, Rajah of Java (1580) xi.
132.

Ba^an, Don Alfonso, or Alonso de,
general of Spanish fleet, brother
to the Marquess of S. Cruz, vii.
47; and Sir Richard Grenville
in the Revenge (1591) vii.
46, 47, 81 ; his attempt to
meet English fleet (1590) vii. 77;
and Sir Walter Raleigh's fleet
(1^92) VII. 109; disgrace of, vii.
118.

Bagan, Don Alvaro, Marquess of
S. Cruz, VI. 485 ; ship of
(^587) 439; death of, 440;
his opinion of Sir Francis
Drake's army (1585) x. 88, 92;
advice to oppose Sir Francis Drake
in the West Indies (1585) x. 94-97;
Terceira conquered by (1583) x. 95;
advice to oppose Don Antonio in
Spain (1585) x. 96.

Bacao Point, latitude of, x. 333 ;
mentioned in the 2nd Ruttier, 313.

Baccalaos or fish in S. John Island,

VII. 146; impede Sebastian Cabot
(1497) VII. 152.

Baccalaos Island, see Newfound-
land.

Bacchus Island, discovered by
Jacques Cartier, vines in (1535)

VIII. 221.

Bacco Islands, description, ix. 330.
Bacco, Rio del, description, ix. 330.
Bachu, see Baku.
Bacilla, La, depth between S. Bar-

nardo Islands, x. 292,
Backhouse, John, Ship-master, iii.

303-
Backhouse, William, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 318.
Bacoa, see Bacao.
Bacola, Kingdom of, description by

Ralph Fitch (1583) v. 484.
Bacon, Francis, one of Queen Eliza-

beth's great men, xii. 25; quota-
tion from, 41, 63, 69; ' Considera-
tions touching a War with Spain '
by, 72.

Bactria, a city of, 11. 469 ; Anthony
Jenkinson's voyage to (1558) iii.
335; King of, VII. 181.

Baden, Earl of, and the Tartars, i.
51; hot baths, iv. 35, 129.

Badeves, Paul, and Edward Fenton
at S. Vincent (1583) XI. 191, 194.

Badu, King of Cambay, killed at
assault of Diu, v. 377, 469.

Baffes, see Buffaloes.

Baffin Bay, Captain Davis in, xii.
28.

Baffo, see Paphos.

Bagazzana, the, Caesar Frederick in
(1581) V. 447.

Bagdad, i. 86, 167; Caliph of, i.
78, 154; and the Tartars, 154;
his ambassador, i. 170; retinue of
the Beglerbeg of, vi. 67.

Bagge, John, of the Sunshine of
London (1585) vii. 382.

Bagge, Michael, of Ipswich, boat-
swain's mate of the Golden
Dragon (1591) x. 189.

Baglione, General of Christian army
at Famagusta (1571) v. 130, 132,
135. 136. 139. 144. 150; Mustafa
Pasha and, v. 145.

Baglione, Ester and Federico, slain
at Famagusta (1571) v. 150.

Baglioni, see Baglione.

Bagnese, Simon, Captain, made
slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.

Bagnol, Sir Samuel, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Bagone, Francesco, Captain, at de-
fence of Famagusta (1571) v. 133.

Baguare, la, or le Bamare, Joan,
Richard I.'s sister at, iv. 322.

Bahama, viii. 451; channel, vi. 404,
viii. 451, IX. 460, x. 74, 251 ; John
White in, viii. 412 ; mutineers
against Captain Laudonniere in,
IX. 45 ; Captain Gourgues in, ix.
loi ; Sir Amyas de Preston in, x.
226; Sir Thomas Baskerville in, x.
244; Spanish ship sunk in, x. 427;
Isles, VIII. 451, IX. 43; Peter
Martyr on the pigeons of, 53 ;
Town, in Cuba, ix. 368.

143

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Baharem, see Bahrein.

Baharim, see Bahrein.

Bahia de todos los Santos, in
Brazil, voyage of Pudsey to
(1542) XI. 25 ; Withrington at
(1587) XI. 215; his fight with In-
dians at (1587) XI. 218, 219; at-
tempts to take (1587) XI. 221;
Pedro Sarmiento asks for help at,
XI. 272.

Bahia town, description of, xi. 250.

Bahrein Island, in Persian Gulf v.
468; pearls-fishery at, v. 504, vi.

7-

Baian Baths, Pontanus on, iv. 35,
130.

Baiazet, see Bajazet.

Baily, captain of the bark Talbot
(1585) X. 98.

Baily, John, Anthony Dassel's ser-
vant, in Porto d'Ally (1591) vii. 96.

Baily, Roger, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Baion, see Bayonne.

Baiset, see Bajazet.

Baixos, Cavo dos, the Richard of
Arundel at (1589) vi. 451.

Bajazet, Emperor, prisoner of Tam-
erlane, II. 187; son of the Great
Turk, III. 27; defeat of, xii. 105.

Baker, John, of the Edward Cotton
(1583) VI. 412.

Baker, Matthew, in Roger Boden-
ham's expedition to Chios (1551)
V. 76.

Baker, Peter, of Ratcliffe, committed
in the Levant (1581) v. i8g.

Baker, Robert, his relation of voy-
age to Guinea (1562) vi. 258.

Baker, Thomas, death of, one of
Anthony Godard's men at S.
Maria (1568) ix. 417.

Baku, III. 26; distance from She-
makha, III. 235 ; captain of, and
English merchants, iii. 224; his
table etiquette, in. 226.

Baku, Sea of, see Caspian Sea.

Bala, scribe of Kaiuk, i. 176.

Balagvate, Laccha found in, vi.
26.

Balak, John, letter to Gerardus Mer-
cator (1581) III. 450-457-

Balances, Port of, description of,
VIII. 186.

Balasen, Mully, son of King of
Morocco, slain in Guinea, vii. 10 1.

Baldach, see Bagdad.

Baldivia, Don Pedro de, see Val-
divia.

Baldivia, see Valdivia.

Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury,
life and travels of (1190) iv. 339-

34I-.

Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of
Bouillon, IV. 293 ; his marriage
with Gutuere, iv. 294; at Rama
(1102) IV. 296; King of Jerusa-
lem, IV. 297 ; at Joppa, iv. 300.

Baldwin, Count of Hainault, i. 262.

Baldwin, Emperor of Constan-
tinople, his visit to England
(1247) IV. 353.

Baldwin, King of France, tomb in
Jerusalem, v. 211.

Bale, Robert, historian (fl. 1461) i.
xxiv. ; on Athelard, iv. 306.

Balenas, Punta de, or Point of, S.
Cruz, IX. 269.

Balgh, see Balkh.

Baliabadram, commandment for
(1584) V. 287.

Balis, paper money of Hang-chow,
IV. 426. 428.

Balke, see Balkh.

Balkh, ambassador from, to Russia,

". 475-
Ballano, garrison of, fortified (1587)

X. 151.
Ballantis Albanese, Turkish spy in

Rhodes (1522) v. 35; messenger

of Solyman, v. 43.
Ballard, William, Nicholas Thome's

servant, and trade in the Canaries

(1526) VI. 124, X. 6.
Balm trees at Bedrihone, v. 338 ;

Cassar Frederick's description of

(1563) V. 371; (1567) 445.
Balsam, found in Guiana, x. 427,

458, XI. 14; used in kneading

bread, xi. 20.
Balsamum, see Balsam.
Balsara, see Bussorah.
Balsas, or cane-made rafts, ix. 257.
Balsey slade, Anthony Jenkinson at

(1557) II. 413.
Balthasar, Indian interpreter of Sir

Robert Dudley (1595) x. 207; de-
serts the sailors, x. 209.

144

INDEX

Baltimore Haven, rendezvous of Sir
Humphrey Gilbert's fleet (1583)

VIII. 46.
Bamberg, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

321.
Bamburch, see Bamburgh.
Bamburgh, ships from, in Edward

ni.'s fleet, I. 298, III. 302.
Bampton, John, at Azafi (1577) vi.

285; and Mully Abdelmelech, vi.

292.
Ban, death of, i. 283.
Banbrucke, Christopher, quarter-
master of the Bona Esperanza

(1553) II. 212.
Banda, nutmegs and maces found

in, V. 403, 405, 504, VI. 24; trade

with Malacca, v. 498.
Banderduess, Peter, and Don Diego

Pimentelli (1588) iv. 227.
Bandu, University town in Japan,

VI. 331-

Bangor, College of Divines in (390)
IV. 277.

Baniane, an astronomer of Ormuz,
VI, no.

Banio, prison in Tripolis, v. 297 ;
English merchants in (1584) v.
299.

Banister, Thomas, Russian licence
granted to (1569) iii. 109; voyage
of discovery (1588) 119; fifth voy-
age into Persia (1568) 150; death,
153 ; detained at Astrakhan by
Russian officials (1572) 181 ; es-
corted by Russian officials, 190 ;
and the Persian trade, 212, 335.

Bank, the, near Cape Race, Captain
Parker crosses (1597) x. 280.

Bannaras, see Benares.

Banner of Spanish ship in Leyden
church (1588) IV. 227.

Banning, Andrew, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 75, 78.

Banning, Paul, alderman, of the
Levant Company (1592) vi. 75, 78 ;
and James Lancaster's expedition
(1594) XI. 43.

Bannister, in Edward Fen ton's voy-
age (1582) XI. 175.

Banton Island, latitude, ix. 329,

Bantonsilla Island, Captain Gualle
at (1584) IX. 329.

Baptism, Russian, 11. 443.

Baptista, John, physician, traitor to
Rhodes (1522) v. 22.

Baque Island, viii. 390 ; near S.
Domingo, x. 285 ; in second Rut-
tier, X. 313; longitude from, to
Navassa, x. 336.

Bar, weight of Ormuz, vi. 14; of
Cochin, VI. 21; of Malacca, vi.
21.

Bara, sea of, v. 429.

Baracoa, Marks of, x. 301, 328.

Baracou, in Jamaica, ix. 43.

Baraquan, see Orinoco.

Barasoga, see Alcane de Barasoga.

Barateve, Island of. Sir Francis
Drake at (1579) xi. 129; descrip-
tion and products, xi. 130.

Barba, Friar Vincent, Prior of the
Convent of Amerciates in Galli-
poU (1577) V. 165.

Barbadoes, island, latitude of, x.
332-

Barbaregaf, in Ethiopia, vi. 145.

Barbaria, see Barbary.

Barbarie, see Barbary.

Barbaro, Daniel, first Consul at
Matarea (1504) v. 338.

Barbarossa, see Frederick Barbar-
ossa.

Barbary, in Thome's map, 11. 171 ;
Hubbed town near, dyers in, v.
240; euphorbium found in, vi..
27 ; first voyage, by the Lion
(1551) VI. 136; second voyage, by
three ships (1552) vi. 138; formerly
Mauritania, vi. 143; English mer-
chants and ships at (1577) vi. 290;
Company (1585) vi. 419, vi. 421;
English trade in, by Captain
Carleill (1583) viii. 136; Robert
Withrington on coast of (1586)
XI. 204.

Barbas, Cape de las, vi. 157, x. 14,
335 ; the Richard of Arundel at
(1588) VI. 451 ; the Mangold takes
a caravel at (1577) xi. 150.

Barbaterre, see Barbotiere.

Barbinas, Prince, son of Madoni,
King of Columbo, v. 399.

Barbos, Rio de los, English trade
in (1562) VI. 261 ; the Richard of
Arundel at (1590) vi. 463.

Barbotiere, Captain Charles de la,
from Caen, vi. 404; and Captain

145

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Lancaster of Edward Bonaventure
(1593) X. 198; Henry May and,
wrecked on Bermuda Island (1593)
X. 200; builds a bark, x. 201; in
Newfoundland, parts from Henry
May (1594) X. 203.

Barbu, prisoner of King Onathaqua
(1565) IX. 49.

Barbuda, Sir Walter Raleigh in
sight of (1597) XL 15.

Barbudos, see Barbadoes.

Barbusano, a tree in Teneriffe, vi.
130.

Barca, desert of, vi. 142.

Barcelona, cardamom found in, vi.
26.

Barchin, besieged by Tartars, i.
152.

Bardes, near Goa, v. 510.

Barecombe, Edward, in Virginia
(1585) viiL 318.

Barema, see Barima.

Barge, captain of the Turkish Em-
peror's, or Capigilar Caiasi, pay
of, vi. 62.

Barges, Chinese, for the use of
magistrates, vi. 366, 367.

Barima, x. 376, 380, 459, 464, 494;
mouth of the Orinoco river, x,
420 ; Spaniards slain by Indians
at (1596) x. 465.

Bark, built on Bermuda Island by
the French crew (1594) x. 201.

Barka, Duke of Tartary, i. 74, 150,
269.

Barker, Andrew, of Bristol, voyage
to Terra Firma and Honduras
(1576) X. 82-88; goods confiscated
by the Inquisition of Teneriffe
(1574) X. 83; captain of the
Ragged Staff (1576) x. 83; con-
spiracy against, and death at S.
Francisco Island, x. 86.

Barker, Captain, of the Victory
(1588) IV. 218.

Barker, Edmund, of Ipswich, and
the voyage to the East Indies
(1591-94) vi. 387-407; lieutenant
of the Edward Bonaventure in
Malacca (1592) vi. 396, 398, x.
200; at Mona (1593) vi. 405; at
Dieppe (1594) vi. 407; vice-
admiral of James Lancaster's
ships (1596) XL 44; at the siege

of Pernambuco (1595) xi. 51; and
the Portuguese stratagem (1595)
XL 60; death, xi. 61.

Barker, John, brother of Andrew
Barker, goods confiscated by the
Inquisition of Teneriffe (1574) X.
83 ; sends betrayers of Andrew
Barker to prison (1576) x. 87;
death, xi. 61.

Barkley, Sir Maurice, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.

Barlango, Marquess de, volunteer
with the Armada (1588) iv. 203.

Barlowe, Arthur, captain, voyage to
Virginia (1584) viii. 297, 310; sent
northward of Virginia by Sir
Walter Raleigh, xii. 39; and
Manteo, 113.

Barmake Tash, rocks, iii. 224.

' Barmudas,' see ' Bermudas.'

Barnacles, found in African seas, vi.

175-
Barnacles, birds by the Irish Sea, iv.

435-
Barnam, Alderman, joint-owner of

the Solomon (1590) vii. 31.
Barnardo of Brescia, Captain, made

slave at Famagusta (1571) v.

151-

Barne, Richard, granted Russian
licence (1589) iii. 109.

Barnes, Dennis, in Virginia (1585)
viiL 318.

Barnes, or Barne, Sir George, con-
sul to the Muscovy Company
(1555), privileges granted to, 11.
298, 306, 362, 392, 406; and the
discovery of Cathay (1580) iii. 251-
258, (1553) 331; granted Russian
licence, 348 ; and the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 74, 75,_ 78; and
the second voyage to Guinea (1554)
VI. 154.

Barnes, Thomas, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 88.

Barons or Citizens of London, i.
44.

Barons, Tartar, at the Khan of
Cathay's Court (1330) iv. 431.

Baros, belzuinum mandolalo found
in, VI. 26.

Baros. John, see Barros.

Barrampore, Ralph Fitch at (1583)
V. 473-

46

INDEX

Barran, Don Diego, return from
England (1589) vi. 485.

Barranca, or cliff, mentioned in the
Ruttier, xi. 98.

Barrancas Blancas, xi. 87.

Barrat, William, at Tripoli (1583) v.
263.

Barre, Nicholas, governor of Charles-
Fort (1562) VIII. 483, 484, 485;
and the soldier Rouffi left in Flor-
ida (1562) IX. 53.

Barrera, John de la, from Mexico,
fortune of (c. 1557) ix. 350.

Barrera, Marie de la, wife of Robert
Tomson (c. 1557) ix. 350.

Barret, Alan, and Prussian pirates,
II. 67.

Barret, Charles, merchant on the
Bona Esperanza (1553) n. 212.

Barret, Master, his present to Leo-
nard Poore (1583) V. 454.

Barret, Robert, master of the Jesus
.(1567) IX. 398; messenger of Sir
John Hawkins to the Viceroy of
Mexico (1568) IX. 406, 452 ; prisoner
in Mexico (1568) ix. 422, 459 ; burnt
by the Inquisition (1575) ix. 423,
463 ; and the venomous worm at
Placentia (1568) ix. 449; with
Spanish fleet, ix. 460, 461 ; kind-
ness of Diego Flores de Valdez to
(1570) IX. 462.

Barret, William, merchant in Alep-
po, goods of (1584) V. 290; Eng-
lish consul at Aleppo (c. 1584) vi.
9 ; money and measures of Baby-
lon by, VI. 10 ; with Richard
Wrag in Cyprus (c. 1594) vi. 108.

Barrie, William, mariner on the
Bona Confidentia (1553) li. 214.

Barros, John, ' Decade ' by, vii. 170,
viii, 442 ; and the Chinese Sea,
VII. 176.

Bart, Hermannus, third master of
the Hospitallers of Jerusalem
(1206) II. I.

Bartandono, General of the Bis-
cayans in the Spanish Armada
(1588) VII. 83.

Bartenstein Castle, garrisoned by
the Dutch knights, 11. 2, 3, 6.

Barter in the Western Planting
(1583) VIII. 118; between Jacques
Cartier and natives of Newfound-

land (1534) VIII. 198; Indians of
Virginia and Captain Amadas

(1584) VIII. 301; Indians of
Northern Florida and John of Ver-
razzano (1524) viii. 437; Dom-
ingo da Vera and Indians (1593)
X. 437; Sir Walter Raleigh and
the Indians of Guiana (1597) xi. 6.

Bartholomew, faithful to Captain
Laudonniere in Fort Caroline
(1565) IX. 95.

Bartholomew, of Cernole, Captain,
slain at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.

Bartholomew, friar of Gallipoli
(1577) V. 165.

Bartholomew, the, and the second
voyage to Guinea (1554) vi. 155.

Bartholomew Island in the Magel-
lan Straits, xi. 357.

Barthra, i. 76.

Bartlemew, see Bartholomew.

Barton, ships from, in Edward III.'s
fleet, I. 298, 299.

Barton, Captain, wounded at Puente
de Burgos (1589) vi. 493; leaves
Peniche, vi. 511.

Barton, Captain George, land cap-
tain in Sir Francis Drake's fleet

(1585) X. 98; at the taking of S.
lago City (1585) x. 104.

Barton, Edward, William Har-
borne's letter to (1584) v. 274; and
Romadan Pasha (1584) v. 281;
and the English slaves in Tripolis
(1584) V. 306, 314-318; returns to
Constantinople, v. 306-309 ; of the
Levant Company (1592) vi. 75, 78;
Ambassador to Turkey (1593) vi.
94; and the Chief Vizir (1593) vi.

97-
Barton, Robert, and the Peter (1584)

V. 28 K
Baru Islands, Sir Thomas Basker-

ville at (1596) X. 241; described in

the Ruttier, x. 291.
Baruada, La, Island, latitude of, x.

333-
Barutti, see Bej^rout.
Barwick, John, master's mate of the

Content (1591) x. 183.
Barwike, see Berwick.
Baryhryur, Tartars and, i. 86.
Barzelor, Portuguese hold in India,

V. 390.

147

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Basain, see Bassein.

Basan, Caesar Frederick's descrip-
tion of (1563) V. 378.

Basan, see Basin.

Basanier, Martin, Richard Hak-
luyt's friend, vni. 439.

Basaruchi, money of Goa, vi. 18.

Bascart, see Hungary the Greater.

Bascha, see under Hungary the
Greater.

Baschare, see Hungary the Greater.

Base River, discovered by Captain
Ribault (1562) vni. 473.

Basil HI., son of Demetrius, n. 188.

Basil IV., Cziemnox, son of Basil
ni., and the dukedom of Moscow,
n. 188.

Basil v., or Gabriel, Emperor of
Russia, III. 371 ; conquests of, 11.
190, III. 386-387; and the Tartar
Khan, 391 ; attempted conquest of
northern regions, iii. 411.

Basilius, see Basil.

Basilisks, used at the siege of
Rhodes (1522) v. 19; of Fama-
gusta (1571) V. 132.

Basins, trade in, in Guinea (1555)
VI. 184, 197, (1577) VI. 252.

Baskerville, Captain Nicholas,
wounded at Panama (1596) x.
238.

Baskerville, Sir Thomas, on the
Hope (1595) X. 226; in the Gar-
land, in Sir Francis Drake's fleet
(1595) X. 230; lands at Puerto Rico
(1595) X. 232; burns Tapia, Sal-
lamca, etc. (1595) x. 235; attacks
Panama (1595) x. 238, 239; new
general of Drake's fleet (1596) x.
240; approves Savile's confutation
of Spanish lies (1596) x. 264; at
the fight of Pinos (1596) x. 262.

Bason, see Basin.

Basora, see Bussorah.

Basques of S. John de Luz, voyages
of, VIII. 161.

Basquo, mentioned in the Ruttier, x.

304-

Bassa, see Pasha.

Bassein, Ralph Fitch in, v. 470;
and Monsoons, vi. 28.

Bassendine, James, and the expedi-
tion on the Pechora (1588) iii.
119.

Basset, Gilbert, Baron of Wy-
combe (d. 1241), witness to Henry
ni.'s charter, i. 324.

Basset, William, his voyage to
Syria (1240) iv. 352.

Bastarci, see Hungary the Greater,
people of.

Bastimentos, Isla de los, near Car-
tagena, X. 144; at Nombre de
Dios, mentioned in the Ruttier, x.
291.

Batag, Vologda to, iii. 69.

Batansas, see Betanzos.

Bate, Anthony, English consul at
Aleppo (1584) VI. 9.

Bate, Robert, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 76, 78.

Bateman, William, on the Content
(1591) X. 183.

Bates, John, English agent in
Levant (1584) v. 275.

Bath, Thomas Buts and Rastall at,
VIII. 7.

Bath, Abbey of, Athelard of the
(1130) IV. 306.

Baths, Russian, 11. 448 ; hot spring,
IV. 35, 129; in Dominica (1595)
X. 215.

Bathy, grandson of Jenghiz Khan,
I. 60 f., 74, 76, 77, 84, 150, 152,
162, 164, 178, 232, 234; and
Andrew, Duke of Russia, i. 139 f. ;
his expeditions, i. 152-153 ; visited
by papal legates, i. 162-165, ^^•
187; their return to his court, i.
178; his wives, i. 232, 234, 235;
and their houses, i. 235 f. ; tri-
bute of mare's milk, i. 241 ; Rub-
ruquis at his court, i. 266,
272-276; and Ban, i. 283;
courtesy of his people, i. 283 ;
conquers Muscovy for Tartary
(1237) II. 186; conquers Hungary,
187.

Bati, see Bathy.

Batman, Persian weight, iii. 50.
Batochina, Cape, latitude of, xi. 351 ;
Island, near Gilolo, latitude of, xi.
336.

Bats, William, master of the Castle
of Comfort (1567) vi. 270; hostage
at Cape Verde, vi. 271, 272.

Bats, large, in an island near
Celebes, xi. 128.

:48

INDEX

Battacella, queen of, tributary to

Bezeneger, v. 391.
Battista, John, of Rivarole, captain,

slain at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.
* Battle of Alcazar,' by Peele, xii.

103.
Batu, see Bathy.
Baudet, Jerome, vice-admiral of the

French ships in Guinea (1557) vi.

215, 218.
Baudzen, see Bautzen.
Baughleata, Anthony Jenkinson at

(1558) II. 457.
Baugie, Foulke de, his voyage to

Syria (1240) iv. 352.
Bautisus, river, iii. 280.
Bautzen, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327-
Bawcunar, King of Trinidad, con-
quered by Augustine Delgado, x.

497

Bawhiata Island, 11. 457.

Baxos, or sands of Judah, Don Fer-
nando de Mendoza on (1592) vii.

115-

Baya, see Bahia.

Bayha, see Bahia.

Bayon, see Bayonne.

Bayona Islands, in Galicia, Earl of
Essex at (1589) vi. 495; English
fleet at, 512; Sir Francis Drake
at (1585) X. 92, 100; governor of,
and Drake, 10 1 ; latitude of, x.

^335-

Bayonne, salt factory at, viii, iii;

damages due to John Unkeltop, 11.

103 f. ; three galleys of the

Armada on the coast of, iv. 210;

ships (1345) I. 299.
Bdellium, found in Arabia Felix

and Mecca, vi. 26.
Beake Island, near S. John, viii.

388.
Beal Ozera, see Byelo-Ozera.
Beale, Valentine, in Virginia (1585)

viii. 318.
Beame, see Bohemia.
Beans, found in Virginia, viii. 360;

in Florida, 455.
Bear, the. Lord Sheffield, captain of

(1588) IV. 218.
Bear, the, of Captain Frobisher's

third voyage to Meta Incognita

(1578) VII. 237; in Countess of

Warwick's Sound, vii. 239;

Richard Philipot, captain of (1578)

VII. 322 ; attendant on the Judith,

VII. 324.
Bear, the, Andrew Barker's ship in

his voyage to Terra Firma (1576)

X. 82.
Bear, the, Sir Robert Dudley's

flagship (1594) X. 204; Abraham

Kendal, master of, x. 205.
Bear, the, Benjamin Wood's ship, to

Magellan and China (1596) xi. 2,

417.
Bear, the. Galleon, Edward Fenton's

ship (1582) XI. 163.
Bear Bay, discovered by Arthur Pet

(1580) III. 286.
Bear-Haven, in Ireland, rendez-
vous for Sir Humphrey Gilbert's

fleet (1583) VIII. 46; the Desire

fit (1593) XI. 416.
Beare, James, master of the Judith

(158^) V. 281.
Beare, James, master of the Michael

(1577) VII. 285, 290; master of the
Anne Francis (1578) vii. 334; and
Captain Best on Hatton's Head-
land, VII. 357.

Beare, John, quartermaster on a

Spanish ship, ix. 460.
Beare, William, mariner of the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.

214.
Bear's Sound (1578) vii. 239, 299;

the Bridgwater Busse in, vii.

241, 243; Captain Frobisher and

the natives of Meta Incognita at

(1578) VII. 361; miners at, vii.
362 ; Archipelago near, vil. 364 ;
the Michael in, vii. 365.

Bear's Whelp, the, Captain Munck
of, vice-admiral ship of Sir Robert
Dudley (1594) x. 204.

Bear's Whelp, the, Benjamin Wood's
ship (1596) XI. 417.

Beares, William, of RatclifTe, his
prizes, vi. 437.

Bears, white, i. 84; licence to take
from Russia, 11. 396; in Birds
Islands, viii. 184; as food in New-
foundland (1578) VIII. 13 ; in Vir-
ginia (1586) 368; in Newfound-
land, VIII. 59, 82 ; in Florida, 462 ;
in Hochelaga, 244.

149

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Beasemar, Russian weight, ii. 274.
Beast, Robert, Queen Elizabeth's

messenger (1572) in. 176,
Beata Island, near Hispaniola,

marks of, in the Ruttier, x. 285 ;

in second Ruttier, x. 312 ; latitude,

X. 333 ; longitude from, to Isle

Baque, 336.
Beau, le. Treasurer, his nephew

saved in Fort Caroline by Captain

Laudonniere (1565) ix. 97.
Beauchamp, divers crusaders named

(1096) IV. 293.
Beauchamp, Geoffrey, voyage to

Syria (1240) iv. 352.
Beauchamp, John, voyage to Syria

(1240) IV. 352.
Beauchamp, Walter de, witness to

charter of Henry III. i. 324; of

Edward I. i. 338.
Beaufort, John de, and Saracen

war, by Froissart and Holinshed,

IV. 451.
Beauhaire, Monsieur de, his servant

in Florida (1565) ix. 93.
Beaupr6, Viscount of, captain of a

ship in the third voyage of Jacques

Cartier (1540) viii. 265; governor

of Charlesburg Royal, viii. 269.
Beavers, found in Hochelaga by

Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 244.
Becas, grandson of Jenghiz Khan,

I. 74.
Becher, Henry, assistant to the Mus-
covy Company, 11. 307.
Beching, Silvester, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 318.
Beck, Anthony, bishop of Durham,

patriarch of Jerusalem (1305) iv.

370.
Bede (673-735, his * Historia Ecclesi-

astica Gentis Anglorum,' i. 8, 9,
10; on Pelagius, iv. 277.
Bedford, Lord, and the Genoese car-
racks (1437) II. 143.
Bedford, Earls of, see Russell.
Bedingam, Ralph, of Lynn, and

Prussian pirates, 11. 70.
Bedrihone, balm trees, v. 338 ;

Mecca caravan at, v. 350, 361.
Beds in Japan, vi. 334; under the
Equinoctial, vii. 260; of Amazon
Indians, xi. 21; of Nova Albion,
XI. 119.

Beecher, Henry, granted Russian

licence, iii. 109.
Beer, Dutch, made in Lapland, 11.

372.
Beffart, Charles, of Triers, thir-
teenth master of the Dutch

knights (1341) II. 6.
Beglerbegs, or Turkish governors,.

pay of the five (1588) vi. 61.
Beguaes, River de los, mentioned in

the Ruttier, xi. 99.
Beit, Island of Tunis, vi. 143.
Bekesborne, see Bekesbourne.
Bekesbourne, i. 47, 48.
Bela IV., King of Hungary, 11. 187,

in. 392.
Belanzara, ship of Venice, lost at

sea (1588) IV. 230.
Belen, Port, Captain Ulloa at (1539)

IX. 222.
Belgern, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327.
Belgrade, taken by Solyman (1521)

V. 47, 51 ; Pasha of, in the Hun-
garian-Turkish war (1594) VI.

104.
Belinas, see Caesarea Philippi.
Beling, Captain, at the taking of S.

lago de Leon (1595) x. 220.
Bell, draping of Scotch wools at, 11.

121.
Bellapola Island, William Harborne

near (1583) v. 250.
BeDapore, Ralph Fitch at (1583) v.

473.
Belle, river in Florida, discovered by

Captain Ribault (1562) viii. 460;

King Ovade's country on, viii.

478.
Bellegrado, see Belgrade.
Belle Isle, harbour in Brittany,

Roberval at (1542) viii. 284.
Belle Isle, in the Strait of New-
foundland (1578) VIII. 14; ship

of, and Charles Leigh (1597) viii.

178 ; voyage of John Alphonse of

Xanctoigne to (1542) viii. 275-283;

latitude of, viii. 275.
Bellergan, market for precious

stones (1583) v. 472.
Bellinger, Stephen, of Rouen, and

Hakluyt, xii. 76.
Bellingham, Henry, captain of the

Rainbow (1587) vi. 438.

150

INDEX

' Bello Gothico, de,' by Procopius

(500) IV, 278.
Belmarye, i. 308.
Belozerco, Vologda to, iii. 69.
Belschey, Ivan Demetrowich, iii.

Belskoy, Bodan, Russian counsellor,
III. 317, 336; and Sir Jerome
Bowes (1583) 321, 467, 474; ban-
ished to Kazan, 326.

Beltran, Friar Bernardin, his voyage
to Antigua (1581) ix. 188; and
Antonio de Espejo (1582) ix. 196;
returns to Cevola (1582) ix. 202 ; to
S. Bartholomew Valley (1583) ix.
203. '

Belyetere, Edmund, of King's Lynn,
and Prussian pirates, 11. 67.

Belzuinum, in Siam, Baros and
Bonnia, vi. 26.

Bembo, Cardinal, report on the
Maranon by Gonzalo Fernando de
Oviedo, to, X. 361.

Benamazin, battle of, Matthew
Gourney at, iv. 444.

Benares, cotton cloth made in, v.
476.

Bence, Edmund, captain of the
Golden Noble (1586) vi. 46.

Bendarha, John Frere de. King of
Spain's commissioner in Angola
(1591) VI. 468.

Bends, William, master's mate in
the Edward Cotton, confession of
(1583) VI. 412.

Bendzin, Henry Austell in (1585) v.
326.

Benedict, Friar, Companion of John
de Piano Carpini, i. 56, 134, 11.
187.

Benedict, the, bark of Sir Francis
Drake (1578) xi. 103.

Benedict, the, ship of John Winter
(1577) XI. 148; exchanged for a
Spanish cantar (1578) xi. 151.

Beneventa, Cond6 de, and the de-
fence of Spain (1585) X. 96.

Bengala, see Bengal.

Bengal, xi. 378; King of, and of
Patna, v. 410, 411; trade with
Pegu, v. 428; gulf of, Ganges
runs into, v. 476; Ralph Fitch
and, v. 481, 500; pepper, v. 504;
galls and wax in, vi. 25;

cardamom in, vi. 26; monsoon
from Ormuz to, vi. 34; products,
VI. 400 ; discovered by Portuguese,
VIII. 129.

Bengatre, brother of Ramaragio
(1563) V. 382.

Bengorion, Joseph, i. xxv.

Benin, English merchants' voyage
to (1553) VI. 141, 145; King of,
and Pinteado, vi. 149; English
merchants left at (1561) vi. 254;
first voyage of the Richard of
Arundel to (1588) vi. 450-461;
second voyage of the RicJiard of
Arundel to (1590) 461-467; pro-
ducts, VI. 457 ; King of, and the
English merchants, vi, 459,

Benin, Rio de, vi. 148; the Richard
of Arundel at (1589) vi. 454, (1591)
465 ; climate, vii. 252 ; discovered
by Portuguese, viii. 127.

Benjamin, distress of, at Port Desire
(1592) XI. 399.

Benjamin, the, John Martin, cap-
tain of (1585) X. 99.

Benjamin, the, Benjamin Wood's
ship for Magellan and China

(1596) XI. 2, 417.

Benman's man, killed in a fight

with Portuguese (1587) xi. 220.
Benmurwagh, Indian captain, x.

495-

Bennet, Christopher, privileges with-
drawn from III. 118; goods con-
fiscated. 191.

Bennet, Mark, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Bennet, Stephen, of the Chancewell

(1597) VIII. 166.

Benson, cooper of the Richard of
Arundel, death in Benin (1588) vi.
460.

Benteld, and the Livonian ships, 11.

34-
Bently, Erasmus, mariner on the

Bona Confidentia (1553) ii. 214.
Benzo, Hieronimus, historiographer

of the West Indies, iv. 18, 25, 108,

117.
Berbeese, see Berbice.
Berbice river, x. 494 ; cannibals

near, 423 ; trade near, x. 459.
Berca, see Barka.
Bercuthanth, son of Tushi, i. 74.

151

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Berde, William, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403. . ,,„

Berecillo, dog of Captain Ulloa
wounded by Chichimecas Indians
(1530) IX. 237; sent against In-
dians, IX. 260, 265.

Berengaria, wife of Richard I.
(1191) IV. 325, 327; in Cyprus,
IV. 328, 329 ; marriage with
Richard I. in Cyprus, iv. 330; in
Acre, IV. 333.

Berettin, Francis, of Venice, and
Caesar Frederick, v. 444, 445.

Berezona River, iii. 409.

Berg, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327-

Bergen, iv. 12, 100.

Berin, John, in Guinea (1555) vi.
163.

Berk, Joh. van, of Cologne, Hanse
deputy (1407) II. 79.

Bermejo, Mar, see California, Gulf
of.

Bermes, Peruccio de, calker of the
Trinity (1540) ix. 276.

Bermuda, Isle of, the Edward Bona-
venture at (1593) vi. 404; sea-
monster at (1570) IX. 461; ship-
wreck of Henry May at (1593) x.
194 ; and Captain de la Barbo-
tiere, x. 200; description by
Henry May, x. 201 ; products, x.
201 f. ; Sir Robert Dudley at
(1594) x. 210, (1595) X. 210; Cap-
tain Parker at (1597) x. 280;
advice in the Ruttier to sailors for,
x.*299, 300, 334, 337.

* Bermudas, Discovery of the,' etc.
(1610), by Sylvester Jourdain, its
influence on the 'Tempest,' xii.
112.

Bermudes, Don John, of Figueroa,
licences letter of Don B. Delga-
dillo (1596) X. 252.

Bernacles, see Barnacles.

Bernardin of Agubio, captain, slain
at Famagusta (1571) v. 150.

Berosus the Chaldsean, fifth book of ,

III. 371 ; and the Ganges, vii.
180.

Berosus Hill, deadly fountains on,

IV. 39. 135-

Berozova Gooba, Bar of, Stephen
Borough at (1557) 11. 363.

Berozova Ostia, English merchants'
proposed stay at (1582) iii. 305.

Berreo, Don Antonio de, and his
Spanish soldiers (1595) x. 206; and
Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 340,
353. 354; governor of Spanish
Town (1595) X. 351; betrays Cap-
tain Whiddon's men (1594) x. 352 ;
capture of, engraving of, 352 ;
his camp master, and the gold
from Guiana, x. 364 ; his at-
tempt to discover Guiana, x. 365,
499 ; at Amapaia, x. 408 ; and
the Amapaians, x. 368 ; and Cara-
pana, King of Emeria, x. 372 ;
rivalry with Vides, governor of
Cumana, x. 373 ; sends envoys to
Macureguarai and Manoa, x. 374;
executes King Morequito, x. 375,
395 ; his attempt to conquer
Guiana defeated by Sir Walter
Raleigh, x. 429; on the Orinoco
river, x. 434 ; defeated, and left
at Cumana, x. 460 ; at Carapana,
and the governors of Caracas and
Margarita, x. 461 ; flight to Car-
oli river, x. 462 ; forces at Caroli

(1596) X. 466; plan for transplant-
ing Indians (1596) x. 470.

Berry, Duke of (1386) iv. 445, 449.
Berry, Henry and Richard, settlers

in Virginia (1587) viii. 402.
Berry, Leonard, in Sir Walter

Raleigh's third voyage to Guiana

(1597) XI. 5.
Bert, Captain, i. 10.
Berta, see Barka.

Bertely, Ferdinando, his map of the

globe, VII. 203.
Berthorshvol, in Iceland, iv. 48,

145-

Bertus, see Bert.

Berwick, Osep Napea at (1556) 11.
354; Arthur Pet at (1580) iii. 302.

Beseguiache or Besegueache, near
Cape Verde, products of, vii. 90 ;
negro habitation near Liberty
Island, vii. 92.

Besson Mysserevy and Anthony
Jenkinson (1572) iii. 185; pun-
ishment of, 191, 193.

Best, George, discourse by, vii. 250-
251; lieutenant of Captain Fro-
bisher (1577) vii. 218, 285, 297,

152

INDEX

(1578) 310, 321, 348, 360; map
of the world by, engraving
of, 256 ; and the bulwark on
Countess Island, vii. 310; cap-
tain of the Anne Francis
(1578) VII. 322, 365; leaves the
fleet, VII. 335 ; advice to Upcot
and Tanfield, vii. 351; at Hat-
ton's Headland, vii. 355, 357;
discovery of Blessing Island, 356;
embarks on the pinnace, vii. 358 ;
finds Captain York and the
miners, vii. 360; fetches his ship
to Countess's Sound, vii. 361 ;
dangers of, in the Busse of
Bridgwater, vii. 366 ; * Discourse '
by, XII. 91.

Best, Robert, merchant in Russia,
II. 291, 392; interpreter in Russia
(1556) 362 ; in a proposed trial by
combat (1560) 411.

Beta river, x. 408.

Betancourt, John, and the Canary
Islands (1417) iv. 369, vi. 120.

Betanzos, biscuit baking in, for the
Spanish fleet, vi. 485.

Betel leaf, found in Cannanore, v.

391-

Bethlehem, Laurence Aldersey at
(1581) V. 209, 216; John Eldred at
(c. 1583) VI. 9.

Bethlem, see Bethlehem.

Bets, William, of Cley, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 64.

Bets, William, released from prison
in Goa (1583) v. 461.

Bevice, see Bevis.

Bevis, John, of London, of the Em-
bassy to Prussia (1390) 11. 19.

Bevis, Thomas, death of, at Roa-
noke (1590) VIII. 416.

Bevis, the, flagship of Sir Anthony
Sherley (1596) x. 266; distress and
return of (1597) x. 276.

Beyram, see Bairam.

Beyrout, in Syria, English trade in
(1511) V. 62\

Beza, Theodore de, on the Armada
(1588) IV. 235.

Bezeneger, sack of (1565) v. 382,
383 ; diamond mine, v. 386 ;
King's Palace in, v. 387; Queen
of Gargopam tributary to, v.
389; and Queen of Battacella,

XII

391 ; and S. Thomas City, 401 ;

products of Goa sent to, v. 389;

Caesar Frederick at (1567) x. 381.

Bianco Cavo, John Locke at (1553)

V. 85, 100.

Biarmia, country, iii. 461 ; state

of, I. 12 ; north of Norway, iv.

196, vii. 164.
Biarmlandia, see Biarmia.
Biaza, haven of, or la Laguna,

mentioned in the Ruttier, xi.

96.
Bichier Castle, near Alexandria, v.

332.
Bichieri, Laurence Aldersey at (1586)

VI. 43.

Bidoux, Pr6 John de, prior of S.
Giles, and the Turks at Lango
(1522) V. 15; and Captain Mar-
tiningo, v. 20 ; wounded, v. 29,

37-

Bigat, William, master of the Wil-
liam and John (1581) Iii. 247.

Biggat, William, shipmaster (1582)
III. 303.

Bigs, Captain Walter, land cap-
tain in Sir Francis Drake's fleet
(1585) X. 98; death, x. 134.

Bilbao, in Biscay, the Primrose at
(1585) VI. 413.

Bilbil Port, III. 224, 285 ; arrival of
Arthur Edwards at (1568) iii. 136;
arrival of Thomas Banister at
(1569) 151; English merchants at
(1580) III. 224, 230; latitude, 229;
Jacob the Armenian shipwrecked
off (1580) 232.

Bileri, see under Bulgaria the
Greater.

Bills, John, of Cromer, damages
owed to (1409) II. 104.

Bima, one of the Java Islands, con-
dition of women in, v. 500.

Bimba, see Bymba.

Binne, a negro of Hanta, left in
London (1557) vi. 218.

Binny, William Towerson's negro in
Guinea (1577) vi. 245.

Biorno, third bishop of Holen, in
Iceland ( 1 147) iv. 54, 153.

Bir, description by Caesar Frederick
(1563) V. 367; Ralph Fitch at
(1584) V. 505; Sanjack of, Nestor
Martiningo, slave to (1571) v. 147.

153 L

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Birca, caravans at, v. 340, 343, 347,

365.
Bird, John, and the first voyage to

Benin (1588) vi. 450-458, 458-461 ;

second voyage to Benin (1590)

461-467.
Bird, John, friend of John Whithall

(1580) XI. 31; adventurer for

Brazil, xi. 33.
Bird, William, son of John Bird,

death of, in Benin (1588) vi.

460.
Birde, Master, owner of the Golden

Nohle (1586) VI. 46.
Birds, wild, in Iceland, iv. 44, 141 ;

in Teneriffe, vi. 130; in the

Western Planting (1583) viii. 115;

in Newfoundland, described by

Jacques Cartier (1534) viii, 195,

228, 244 ; by Xanctoigne, viii. 282 ;

in Tortugas Islands, x. 46; in

Guiana, x. 426.
Birds, Islands of, Charles Leigh at

(1597) viii. 167; description, viii.

181; birds in, viii. 184; great

numbers of Godetz in, 184, 187;

the Great Hermina at (1535) viii.

211.
Biritem on the Red Sea, v. 347.
Biron, voyage of, in the Trinity

(1536) VIII. 3.

Birra, on the Euphrates, Ralph
Fitch at (1583) V. 465; John Eld-
red at, VI. 3.

Birrah, see Birra.

Bisante, Antonio, interpreter of
Domingo de Vera (1593) x. 436.

Bisapor, city in the country of Dial-
can, V. 381, 471; Ralph Fitch at

US^3) V. 472.

Biscaine, the, Spanish ship taken
by Thomas White (1592) vii. 103.

Biscaino, Sebastian, letter from, to
Antonio Biscaino (1590) x. 164.

Biscay, and the Armada (1588) iv.
200 ; Captain Cross and the ship
of, IV. 226; the Armada's return
to, IV. 230; Charles Leigh and
(1597) VII. 4, VIII. 174; ships from,
and John Davis's fleet (1587) vii.
422, 437-

Biscay, New (Nueva Viscaia), ix.
115; Las Quatro Cienegas, town
in, IX. 188; discovered by Diego

de Guiara, ix. 364; John Chilton

in (1568) 364.
Biscombe, Robert, in Virginia (1585)

viii. 318.
Bisermini, Tartars and, i. 86; visit-
ed by John de Piano Carpini, i.

94 ; Bathy and the, 76, 152 ; speak

Comanian language, 167.
Bishop, of Calais, sea captain, 11.

104.
Bishop and his Clerks, rocks near

Scilly, VII. 21, 30, XI. 201.
Bishop, Michael, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.
Bishoprics in Peru, xi. 284.
Bishops, influence of, in Iceland

(1592) IV. 75, 178.
Bisnagar, diamonds found in, v.

504.
Bissas, see Bromas.
Bitfield, captain of the Swallow

(1585) x. 99.
Bithat, Jenghiz Khan's grandson, i.

150.
Bitom, in Silesia (1585) v. 326.
Bizerta, port of Tunis (1553) vi.

113-

Blac, see Roumanians.

Blacians, see Roumanians.

Black Sea, and its tributaries, i.
163, 229, 230, II. 477, VII. 183, 194;
and the Don, 259; and the
Dnieper, 11. 252 ; Henry Austell
on (1585) V. 324.

Black Pinnace, the, Thomas Caven-
dish's ship (1591) XI. 389, 394,
397 ; engraving of, 400 ; lost in
the South Sea (1592) xi. 405.

Blackcoller, in Edward Fenton's
voyage (1582) xi. 179; M., Luke
Ward and (1583) xi. 202.

Blackenals, Henry, of the Hugh
Gallant, killed by Indians (1587)
XI. 306.

Blackeney, see Blakeney.

Blackheath, Henry IV. receives
Emperor of Constantinople at
(1400) IV. 454.

Blackney, see Blakeney.

Blacknie, see Blakeney.

Blackwall, Willoughby's fleet at
(1553) II. 217; the Searchthrift at,
II. 322 ; the Holy Cross at (1535)
V. 67; William Harborne's de-

154

INDEX

parture from (1582) v. 243; the
Richard of Arundel at (1588) vi.
450; the Tohy leaves (1593) vii.
124 ; departure of Captain Fro-
bisher (1577) vii. 211; his first
voyage (1576) vii. 279; second
voyage (1577) vii. 284, 285; James
Lancaster's departure from (1594)
XI. 44; Edward Fen ton's depar-
ture from (1582) XI. 172.

Blage, George, mariner on the
Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.

Blake, Thomas, friend of Robert
Tomson in Vera Cruz, ix. 347.

Blake, William, xii. 117.

Blakeney, Norfolk, ships furnished
by, to Edward III.'s fleet, i.
299; and the Iceland trade,
304; damages due from, 11.
103.

Blanc Sablon, see White Sand.

Blanca Island, see White Island.

Blancas, see Barrancas.

Blanco, Cape (Argentine), in A Rut-
tier to Magellan Straits, xi. 87,
99 ; latitude, 350.

Blanco, Cape (Barbary), vi. 156;
William Towerson at (1555)
VI. 181, (1556) 212, (1557)
236; George Fenner at (1567) vi.
269; John Raymond at (1591) vi.
387; Sir John Hawkins at (1568)
IX. 446 ; Portuguese fishing place
(1564) X. 14; Drake at, x. 103, xi.
103 ; described by Sir Robert Dud-
ley, X. 205 ; latitude, x. 335, xi.
150 ; Sir Walter Raleigh and
Benjamin Wood at (1597) xi. 2;
James Lancaster at (1596) xi. 44;
Captain Fenner and the Biscayan
ship at (1594) XI. 46; Thomas
Cavendish at (1586) xi. 291 ; John
Chidley at, xi. 382.

Blanco, Cape (Peru), distance from
Puna Island, x. 351; latitude of,

XI. 359.

Blancos, or white men, vii. 93.

Bland, Captain, two men of, drown-
ed near Panuco (1568) ix. 410;
of Rochelle and the Portuguese
carvel (1568) ix. 446; at S. Juan
d'Ulloa (1568) IX. 453.

Blank, see Blanco.

Blanke, see Blanco.

Blankenberghe, the Spanish ship lost
at (1588) IV. 227.

Blasghoy, Ivan, diake, debtor to the
Muscovy Company (1583) iii. 329.

Blasie, Sir Andrew de Merall's ser-
vant (1522) V. 40.

Blaveshina, church in Moscow, iii.

338.

Blay, Spanish ships at (1568) ix.
no.

Blayfield, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
321.

Blekinge, Wolstan and, i. 15.

Blekingie, see Blekinge.

Blemines, headless tribe of Africa,
VI. 169.

Blemmyans, conquered and con-
verted by Constantine, viii. 106.

Blew, see Blue.

Blindness, a disease of Famagusta,

V. 96.

Blinton, demnar found in, vi. 26.
Blonket, master of the Green

Dragon (1584) v. 304.
Blonket, runaway boy of the Green

Dragon, killed, v. 309.
Bloody Point, discovered by Captain

Frobisher's men (1577) vii. 220;

fight between English sailors and

natives of Meta Incognita at

(1577) VII. 304.
Blue Sea, 11. 457.
Blundel, Denis, captain, admiral of

the French ships in Guinea (1557)

VI. 215, 218, 224.

Blunt, John, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88.
Blunt, Philip, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 317.
Blunt, Sir Charles, and the Armada

(1588) IV. 217, 225; knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.
Blunt, Sir Christopher, of the Cadiz

expedition (1596) iv. 243, 250.
Boacio, Augustin, fellow prisoner of

Robert Tomson (1557) ix. 347;

condemnation, ix. 349; escape

(1557) IX. 350.
Boat-building in Florida, viii. 429;

in Fort Caroline (1564) ix. 39,

(1565) 48.
Boats, Astrakhan governor's, 11.

450; Tartar, on the Don, 454;

on the Volga, iii. 71 ; flat-bot-

155

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

tomed, on the Euphrates, vi. 3 ;
of Indians of Virginia, vin. 303 ;
Spanish, and the English cap-
tains in Cartagena harbour (1586)
X. 124; bridge of, on the Tigris,
VI. 6; river of, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 194.

Boatswain's mate of the Desire at
Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Boa Vista, Cape Verde Island,
colonised by Alouis de Cadomosta
(1455) VIII. 127; latitude of, x.
335; John Winter at, xi. 151.

Boca Chica, la, in Cartagena Har-
bour (1587) X. 137.

Bocas de Dragon, las Siete, or
mouths of the Orinoco river, x.
441.

Bodenham, Jonas, captain of the
Adventure, in Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1595) X. 234; joint-executor
of Sir Francis Drake (1596) x.
239; captain of the Defiance, x.
240; at Pinos, 262.

Bodenham, Roger, voyage to Can-
dia (1550) V. 71-76, 168; to S.
Juan d'Ulloa (1564) ix. 359.

Bodicus, Sinus, vii. 176.

Bodin Island, Friar Odoric in (1330)
IV. 421.

Bogdania, see Moldavia.

Boghar, see Bokhara.

Bogher, see Bokhara.

Bogota, in the kingdom of Granada,
Peru, X. 174; John de Labera in,

175-
Bohemia, 11. 123 ; John de Piano

Carpini in, i. 94; Ottocar I., King

of, I. 159, 179 ; and the Tartars, 51.
Bohume, see Bohun.
Bohun, Henry de, Earl of Hereford,

his vovage to the Holy Land (1222)

IV. 349-
Bohun, Humphrey de, witness of

Edward I.'s Carta Mercatoria,

I; 338.

Boiaren Conesheva, or master of the
horse, in Russia, iii. 413.

Boiarens, see Boyars.

Boiarskey, Russian gentleman, iii.
417.

Boilas, Rio de, the Richard of Arun-
del at (1590) VI. 463.

Bojador, Cape, in Africa, latitude

of) X. 335, XI. 150, 348; discovery
of, by Prince Henry the Navigator

(1439) XII. 3.

Bojador, El Cabo de (Indies), lati-
tude of, IX. 332.

Bokhara, Jenkinson's journey to, i.
xxvi,iii. 335; Anthony Jenkinson's
return from {1559) 11. 400 ; situation,
426; Anthony Jenkinson's descrip-
tion, 469; foreign wares, 473;
forbidden drinks in, 470 ; coin, 471 ;
besieged by the King of Samar-
cand, 474 ; latitude, 479 ; distance
from Kashgar, 490 ; distance from
Taskent, 481 ; Anthony Jenkin-
son's journey to (1562) in. 18;
English trade in, iii. 94, (1569)
109; English merchants in, iii.
117; Anthony Jenkinson's voyage
to (1558) 196, 335.

Bolac, village of, i. 283.

Bolamboam, Rajah, King of Java
(1588) XI. 340.

Boldroe, John, member of the Bar-
bary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f,

Bolingbroke, Henry, Earl of, see
Henry IV. of England.

Bollon, haven of, near Capuli
Island, IX. 327.

Boloine, see Boulogne.

Bolsan, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

Bolschega Mountain, iii. 409.

Bolton, Thomas, captain of the
WilUam and John (1567) ix. 398.

Bombards, used at the Siege of
Rhodes (1522) v. 19.

Bombasey, salt pits in, iii. 368.

Bombasin cotton tree, or Gossam-
pine, in Persia, iii. 149.

Bombast cloth, in use in India, v.
448.

Bombazine fleece or silk, in China,

VI. 355-
Bombycine, see Bombazine.
Bomelius, Doctor, his treason

against the Emperor of Russia

(1579) m. 324.
Bona, Anthony Jenkinson at, iii.

195 ; port and city in Tunis, vi.

143-
Bona Confidentia, the (1553) ii. 214,
220, 221, 246; wreck of, at Dron-

156

INDEX

theim, Norway (1556) 351, 372,
379; Stephen Borough and (1557)

363-

Bona Esperanza, the, Sir Hugh
Willoughby's ship (1553) ii. 212;
wintering at Drontheim, Norway
(1556) 351 ; no news of (1557) 358 ;
Stephen Borough and (1557) 363;
probable loss of, 379 ; Henry
Lane's account, in. 331.

Bonaldi, John Antonio de, captain
of a Venetian ship (1522) v. 9.

Bona Speranza, see Good Hope,
Cape of.

Bonava, Francis of, witness of Ed-
ward I.'s charter to the Cinque
Ports, I. 296.

Bonaventure, Cape, Stephen Bor-
ough at (1557) II. 371.

Bonaventure, the, voyage of, to
Ramea (1591) vin. 150.

Bonaventure, the. Queen Elizabeth's
ship, in Sir Francis Drake's fleet
(1587) VI. 438, (1595) X. 227; at
Flores (1591) vii. 41; in the fight
with the Spanish fleet (1596) x.

243-

Bona Vista, suburb of Lisbon, Eng-
lish troops at (1589) VI. 501.

Bona Vista Island, see Boa Vista.

Bond, of Harwich, joint owner of
the Solomon (1590) vii. 31.

Bond, Alderman, and the Muscovy
Company (1576) iii. 203.

Bond, Martin, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88.

Bond, William, member of the Bar-
bary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Bond, the, bark, Robert Cross cap-
tain of (1585) X. 98.

Bonde, Sir George, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 75, 78.

Bondendon, Nicolo Zeno at (c.
1380) VII. 449.

Bond-servants in Persia, iii. 165.

Bone, John, condemned to galleys
by Inquisition of Seville (1570) ix.

463-
Boniface, of Provence, at le Fisco

(1522) V. 12.
Boniface, Clays, and the English

ship, 11. 60.
Boniten, Captain, sent to Croatan

(1585) VIII. 315; to Wokan, viii.
316.

Bonitoes, see Bonitos.

Bonitos, IV. 244, x. 60, xi. 153;

found near Sokotra, vi. 395;

found near Madagascar, vi.

401 ; found near New Spain by

Captain Gualle, ix. 335; found

by Sir Francis Drake, xi. 106.
Bonna, El, Venetian ship (1553) v.

100.
Bonner, the bark, offered by Sir

Francis Drake to Ralph Lane

(1586) VIII. 344; George Fortescue,
captain of (1585) x. 98.

Bonnia, burnt Belzuinum found in,
VI. 26.

Bontemps. captain of the Green
Dragon (1564) vi. 263; in Gran-
ada Island (1565) X. 25; tidings
of the Minion brought to Sir John
Hawkins by (1565) x. 35.

Bontinge, Roger, master of English
rope works in Russia (1557) 11.

393-
Bonzes, priests in Japan, vi. 329,

337. 340-345. 373-
Bonzi, see Bonzes.
Bookener, Thomas, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 317.

Boppo ab Osterna, sixth master of
the Dutch knights, 11. 3, 5.

Bora, son of Tushi, i. 74, 150.

Borazo, found in Cambay and La-
hore, VI. 25.

Borborch, treaty of, between Eng-
land and Spain (1588) iv. 206.

Borden, John, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.

Borden, Richard, of the Sunshine

(1586) VII. 408.

Boreman, M., voyages of, ship-
owner, to Mexico Bay (1592) x.
150.

Borey, Thomas, voyage of, to
Brazil (1540) XI. 25.

Borgers, Bernard, of Hamburg,
servant of the Archbishop of Goa
(1583) V. 460, 508.

Borges, Joseph, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Borgoignon, Nicholas, brought from
Florida by Sir Francis Drake, ix.
113; his account of Florida, ix.

157

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

113; of Copalla, 383; fifer of
S. John's fort (1586) x. 129.

Boriquen Island, see Puerto Rico.

Boris Feodorowich Godonova, or
Godenoe (1583) iii. 327; at the
coronation of Feodor Ivanowich
(1584) 340; dignities of, 341;
kindness to Sir Jerome Horsey
(1588) 346; his letter to William
Burghley (1590) 419-422; Queen
Elizabeth's letter to (1591) 428-
439; Lord Burghley 's letter to,
430-432 ; his letter to Queen
Elizabeth (1592) 434-436; and the
English merchants in Russia, 435-
438; his letter to Lord Burghley,
436-438 ; and John Dee, 447 ;
made Emperor of Russia (1597)
449.

Boris Gregoriwich, diake of the
Emperor of Russia, and English
merchants, in. 329.

Boristhenes, see Dnieper.

Borneo, Isle of, camphor found in,
V. 504; the Portuguese at, viii.
129.

Boroseva, Richard Gray's plan of a
house at (1558) 11. 396.

Borough, Christopher, letters on
Persia, iii. 214-247; at Derbent,
233 ; leaves Astrakhan, 245 ; and
the captain of Baku, 266.

Borough, Hugh of, see Burgh,
Hubert de.

Borough, Stephen, i. xl. ; master
of Edward Bonaventure, 11. 206,
III. 331; master of the Swallow,
II. 408 ; master and pilot of the
Searchthrift, 334 ; his discoveries,
322-390.

Borough, William (1536-99), on
northern regions, i. xxix. xliv. ;
mariner on Edward Bonaventure,
II. 214; his letter to the Emperor
of Russia, III. 167; on whale fish-
ing necessaries, 203 ; on Russian
towns, 203-206 ; dedicatory epistle
to Queen Elizabeth, 209-212; topo-
graphical observations of, 210; on
the necessity of knowing sciences,
211; chart of the Northern
Ocean by, engraving of, 224;
maps, 252 ; instructions for the
proposed expedition to Cathay,

258-262 ; voyage to St. Nicholas,
306; of the Levant Company, vi.
75, 78; master of the Lion, con-
troller of the Navy, vi. 438; in
the Searchthrift, 334, vii. 164;
chart of Cadiz Harbour by, en-
graving of, 448; and the Mus-
covy Committee (1583) viii. 147;
and Hakluyt, xii. 75.

Boroughs Straits, iii. 252, 257.

Borowgh, see Borough.

Borozden, Gregory Mekitowich,
treasurer of the Emperor of Rus-
sia (1583) III. 329.

Borracheras, or drunken feasts of
Indians, x. 437.

Borrough, see Borough.

Borsis, burnt by the English (1589)

VI. 513-

Boscovo, Osep, and the Muscovy
Company (1558) 11. 394.

Boserman, see Busorman.

Bosnia, Pasha of, in the Hungarian-
Turkish war (1594) VI. 104,

Bosphorus, lighthouse in the (1594)
VI. 106; Gulf of, VII. 183.

Bostock, Thomas, John Newbery's
friend (1583) v. 455.

Boston, of Bury in Suffolk, on
Robert Curson (12 18) iv. 348.

Boston, Lincolnshire, ships fur-
nished by, to Edward III.'s fleet
(1217) I. 299; and the customs,
355 ; and the Muscovy Company,
III. 91.

Bosus, Anthony of. Knight of
Rhodes, sent to Crete (1522) v. 9.

Boswell, captain in the Earl of Cum-
berland's voyage (158^) vii. i.

Botero, quotation from, xi. 112.

Botolphus, 6th bishop of Holen, in
Iceland (1239) iv. 55, 153.

Botta or Tartar women's head
dress, i. 244 f.

Bottanter, Dermain, King of, v.
483 ; products of, v. 483.

Bottel, headland of the Sound of
Norway, iii. 282.

Bottia, city of, in Bottanter, v. 483.

Boucher, John, 11. 407.

Bougharia, see Bulgaria the Greater.

Bougori, Chetera, or Four Hillocks
Island, III. 222, 239; Amos Riall
at, 240.

158

INDEX

Bouillon, Godfrey of, and the jour-
ney to Jerusalem (1097) iv. 293;
and Gutuere or Godwera, iv. 294,

295-

Boulghoria, see Bulgaria the
Greater.

Boulogne, Lyon, King of Armenia
at (1386) IV. 445.

Bountillier, of Cherbourg, report of,
concerning El Dorado (1594) x.
440

Bourbon, Duke of, general of the
Christian army against the Sara-
cens, IV. 451.

Bourdelois, Francis, master in Cap-
tain Gourgues' ships (1567) ix.

TOO.

Bourdet, Captain, in Florida (1564)

IX. 37. 38.

Bourel, John, on the Content (1591)

X. 183.

Bourgh, Sir John, Turcoplier of
England in Rhodes (1522) v. 7;
death (1522) v. 29.

Bourgoyne, see Burgundy.

Bourne, in Lincolnshire, Job Hor-
top's birthplace, ix. 445.

Bovadilla, Francis, chief marshal of
the Armada (1588) iv. 203.

Bovilla, John de, inquisitor in
Mexico (1574) IX. 424.

Bowes, Sir Edward, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Bowes, Sir Jerome (d. 1616) i. xlvi. ;
portrait of, ill. iii. ; English
ambassador to Russia (1583)
III. 308-314; account of voyage
to Russia, 315-330; reception
by Ivan Vasiliwich, Emperor
of Russia (15S3) 318-321; prisoner
in his own house (1584) 326-336;
and Emperor Feodor Ivanowich,
327; refuses Emperor's letter, 328;
embassy to Russia (1583) 463-485;
Bowes Island, 464; and John de
Wale's trade in Russia, 469, 470,
473 ; decided on departure from
Russia, 482; imprisoned by late
Emperor's counsellors, 483 ; re-
turn home, 485.

Bowles, Sir John, knighted at Cadiz
(1596) IV. 259.

Bows, stone, for Persia, in. 67.

Bowyer, Robert, member of the

Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Bowyer, Sir William, London alder-
man (1531) V. 63; William Eyms,

servant of, v. 69.
Box trees, in Hochelaga (1535) viii.

228.
Boxtchoede, see Buxtehude.
Boyars, noble Muscovites, 11. 188.
Boys on the Cinque Ports' ships, i.

48.
Bozacca, town in Japan, xi. 440.
Brabant, and Edward I.'s Great

Charter, i. 333; customs in, 352,

355 J products, 11. 128; fish trade

129 f. ; English merchants in

(1462) 148 f.
Bracamont, Reuben of, admiral of

France (1417) vi. 120.
Bracelets, ivory, of African women,

VI. 172.
Brackenbury, Francis, on board the

Aid (1577) VII. 285.
Bracton, Henry (d. 1268) ecclesiasti-
cal judge, I. 44, 45.
Bradshaw, Robert, master of the

Centurion (1591) vii. 35.
Bragadino, Andrea, governor of

Famagusta (1571) v. 130, 147.
Bragadino, Victor, ambassador for

Venice (1564) v. 121.
Braganine, money of Goa, vi. 20.
Braganza, Duke of, and the English

army in Portugal (1589) vi. 504.
Braha river, in Paria, x. 209.
Brahmans, ceremonies of the, by

Ralph Fitch (1583) v. 475, 479;

in Pekin, vi. 323.
Brambois, otherwise Wolfe, captain

of the Gallienge of Rhodes (1522)

V. 8.
Brames, see Brahmans.
Bramley, Thomas, member of the

Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Bramley, Thomas, adventurer for

Brazil (1580) XI. 33.
Bramlie, see Bramley.
Brampton, William, ambassador to

Prussia (1404) 11. 28, 47, 91.
Branca, Ilha, Captain Gualle at, ix.

333.
Branco de Malambo, on the great
river of Magdalena, xi. 235.

159

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Brandan, or Alebrandus, bishop of
Bremen, iv. 41, 137.

Brande, John, mariner on the Bona
Esperanza, 11. 213.

Brandeburg, Otto, Marquis of, in
Prussia, n. 3.

Brandenburg, Albertus of, thirty-
fourth master of the Dutch
knights (1510) II. 10 f.

Brandon, John, of Lynn and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 6y, 69.

Brandus, fourth bishop of Holen, in
Iceland (1165) iv. 54, 153.

Brandus, an abbot, eighth bishop of
Holen, in Iceland (1263) iv. 55,

153-

Branham, Hugh, minister of Har-
wich (1595) IV. 195.

Brasil, product of New Spain, ix.

399-

Brasil, El, cape near Angra, men-
tioned in the Ruttier, vii. 11, x.
299.

Brasile, death of, in the wreck of
the Delight (1583) viii. 68.

Brava Island, xi. 106, 152 ; George
Fenner at (1567) vi. 279; one of
the Cape Verde Islands, vi. 466 ;
French sailors wrecked at (1564)

X. 15; Captain Lancaster at (1595)

XI. 47 ; Nuno da Silva taken to,
by Sir Francis Drake (1578) xi.

133-

Bravo, Alonso, governor of Carta-
gena, taken by Captain Goring
(1586) x. 119.

Bravo, Pedro, owner of a farm in
New Spain, ix. 471.

Brayley, William, privileged trader
in Senegal (1588) vi. 443-450.

Brazil, discovered by Portugal, 11.
175 > coasts of, in the keeping of
the Portuguese (1553) vi. 146;
Company, shares of, in the Ed-
ward Cotton (1583) VI. 409; Span-
ish fleet from (1589) vii. 71;
Sebastian Cabot's voyage (1497)
VII. 149; conquest of, viii. 444;
Portuguese garrison at, viii. 445 ;
or land of parrots, viii. 449 ; voyage
of Captain Gourgues to, ix. iii;
projected voyage of Sir Thomas
Pert and Sebastian Cabot to (15 16)
X. 2-6; English ship at, x. 4;

King of, and William Hawkins
(1530) XI. 24; voyage of Robert
Reniger and Thomas Borey to
(1540) XI. 25; voyage of the
Minion of London to (1580) xi.
34 ; Ruttier for, xi. 73-83 ; Sir
Francis Drake on the coast of
(1578) XI. 106; Villegagnon's voy-
age to, XII. 32 ; Southampton mer-
chants traders to (c. 5140) 47.

Brazil-wood, found in Guiana, x.
426; trade of, with Indians (1596)
x. 456; French trade, started by
Villegagnon, xi. 251.

Br^, Peter de, helps Captain Gour-
gues (1567) IX. 103.

Bread made of straw, in Russia, 11.
448.

Breams, sea, found in the Guinea
Seas, VI. 180, 212; bag made of
the skin of, by Indians (1540) ix.
301 ; garments made of the skin
of, 313-

Breme Saphiana, viceroy of Morocco
and Henry Roberts (1585) vi, 427.

Bremen, restitution of losses de-
manded from England by (1407)
II. 35; a Hanse town, and Eng-
land (1405) II. 55; Sir Jerome
Horsey at (1584) iii. 345 ; Iceland
trade with (1592) iv. 86, 191 ;
levies at, for the Armada (1588) iv.
204 ; ship of, captured by the Eng-
lish (1589) VII. 2.

Bremige, master in Sir Richard
Grenville's voyage to Virginia
(1585) VIII. 310.

Brenia soil, in Palm Island, vi.
132.

Brenne, see Brienne.

Brennus, Strabo on the origin of,
IV. 270.

Brense, Peter de, his voyage to
Syria (1240) iv. 352.

Bres, island, vii. 451.

Bresinia, secretary of the Inquisition
at Seville (1570) ix. 463, 464.

Breslau, Henry Austell in (1585) v.
326.

Brest Island, in Newfoundland, viii.
187; Jacques Cartier at (1534)
viii. 189.

Bret, Colonel, in Spain (1589) vi.
484; at the taking of Puente de

:6o

INDEX

Burgos, VI. 492 ; marching to Lis-
bon, VI. 497; killed at Lisbon, vi.
501.

Breton, Cape, voyage of the English
to (1527) VIII. 2; of M. Hore to
(1536) VIII. 3, 4; timber, viii. 11;
rendezvous of Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert's fleet (1583) VIII, 46; fleet at,
VTii. 63 ; voyage of the Marigold
to (1593) VIII. 157, 158; products
and fishing, viii. 159; the Grace
in sight of (1594) viii. 165;
Charles Leigh at (1597) viii. 166,
172, 176; description, viii. 181;
Captain de la Barbotiere and
Henry May at (1594) x. 202.

Bretons, of S. Malo, ships of, and
the Richard of Arundel, vi. 456;
voyages of, viii. 161.

Bretsch, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327-

Brewer, in the Content (1586) xi.
291.

Brewer, or Bruer, captain of the
Hugh Gallant, landing of (1587)
XI. 311.

Brewer, John, in Sir Francis
Drake's company (1578) xi. 109.

Brian, see Brion.

Brian, Leonard, agent for the Mus-
covy Company (1557) ii. 387.

Bricks, sun dried, used in Persia,
III. 158, 164; of Tower of Babel,
v. 370.

Bride, M., sermon by, on the De-
fiance (1596) X. 240.

Bridger, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Bridges, made of casks for the Ar-
mada (1588) IV. 204; number of,
in Hang-chow, iv. 425; in China,
description of, vi. 298 ; in Quanchi
city, VI. 319.

Bridgwater, ships from, in Edward
HL's fleet, i. 298.

Bridgwater, the Busse of, or the
Emmanuel, of Captain Frobisher's
third voyage (1578) vii. 236, 237;
in Countess of Warwick's Sound,
VII. 239 ; in Bear's Sound, vii.
241, 243; at Galway, vii. 244;
and the crew of the Anne Francis,
VII. 365 ; Island and Channel dis-
covered by, VII. 367.

[61

Brieg, in Silesia, plague in (1585);
V. 326.

Briel, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
328.

Brienne, John de. King of Jerusalem,
at the taking of Damietta (12 18)
IV. 348; and French noblemen, iv.
350.

Brigantines, at the Siege of Rhodes
(1522) V. 5, 9; at Chios, v. 14;
sent to the Pope, v. 16.

Bright, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Brightlingsey, see Brightlingsea.

Brigk, see Brieg.

Brimeo, camphor found in, vi. 25.

Brimstone in Russia, iii. 369 ; in
Iceland (1592) iv. 39, 135.

Brindisi, in Apulia, Earl of Leicester
embarks at (1240) iv. 352; Ingulf
at (1064) IV. 292.

Brion, Isle of, the Bonaventure near
(1591) VIII. 151; description, viii.
167, 181, 182; Jacques Cartier
(1534) VIII. 193, (1536) VIII 259.

Brisas, or Northern Winds, men-
tioned in the Ruttier, x. 291.

Bristol, ships from, in Edward Ill's
fleet, I. 297; William of Malmes-
bury on, i. 315; custom in, 11.
76 ; trade with Iceland, 11. 136 ;
Laurence Aldersey's departure
from (1586). VI. 39; the Hart at
(1556) VI. 212; the Merlin at

(1564) VI. 262; John Cabot and
his sons at (1495) vii. 144,
146, 154; Captain Frobisher
ordered to (1577) vii. 318; Captain
Frobisher's bark at (1577) vii.
230 ; Thomas Butts and Rastall at
(1536) viii. 7; city of, and the
voyage of Captain Carleill (1583)
VIII. 148; Captain Laudonniere at

(1565) IX. 99; Robert Tomson's
departure from (1558) ix. 338;
Richard Hakluyt, prebendary of

(1586) XII. 82.^

Bristow, see Bristol.

Britain, boundaries in time of King
Arthur, i. 6; products of, i. 7;
united under Vortiporius, 8 ; rela-
tions with the Norsemen, 7 and 8 ;
fish trade with Frisland, vii. 450;
conquered and converted by Con-

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

stantine, vni. io6; Arthur, Duke
of, heir to Richard I. (1190) iv.
324; Kings of, Coelus, iv. 271;
Octavius, IV. 272, 276; Flavius
Constantine, iv. 274; Maximus,
IV. 278; nations in, iv. 278.

Britaine, Little, see Brittany.

Britomarus, Captain, meaning of
his name, iv. 270.

Briton, Cape, see Breton.

Britona, the, crew of, v. 281.

Britones, nation in Britain, iv. 278.

Britons in Italy and Greece, B.C., iv.
269.

Brittandona, admiral of the Biscayan
squadron (1591) vii. 42, 47.

Brittany, products of, 11. 118 f.

Britton, William, captain of the
Hermerillon (1535) viii. 211; goes
up the Hochelaga river, viii. 230.

Brixiano, Father Orgafitino, quota-
tion from the epistles of (1594) xi.
438-441.

Broadbanke, John, and the goods of
the Primrose (1585) vi. 416.

Broadbanke, William, master of the
Ascension (1593) vi. 94.

Broas Island, despoiled by Zichmni
(c. 1380) vn. 451.

Brocke, John, in Virginia (1585)
viii. 317.

Broken, Hugh, of the Sunshine

(1586) VII. 408.

Brokers in Cambaietta (1563) v.

375; in Pegu, v. 431, 434, 491 f.
Bromas, wood-eating worms, vi.

176.
Bromfield, M., and the negro trade

(1562) X. 7.
Bromfield, Thomas, merchant in

China (1596) xi. 417, 419,
Bromley, Thomas, Robert Flicke's

report to (1591) vii. 56.
Brook, John, master gunner on the

Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 212.
Brooke, Francis, in Sir Richard

Grenville's voyage to Virginia

(15S5) VIII. 316.
Brooke, John, deputed to Vardo, ad-
vice to (1555) II. 281.
Brooke, John, and the Chios trade

(1569) V. 115.
Brooke, John, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 402.

Brooke, John, on the Content, non-
combatant (1591) X. 183.
Brooke, Robert, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88.
Brooke, Rowland, mariner on the

Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.
Brooke, Sir Henry, and the Armada

(1588) IV. 217.
Brosse, la, in Francis de Roberval's

voyage (1542) viii. 283, 288.
Brothus, Captain, of Robert Flicke's

fleet (1591) VII. 58.
Browbear, John, and Pedro Gonsal-

vez (1591) VII. 97.
Browewich, James, of Captain Ama-

das's Company (1584) viii. 310.
Browne, under John Hooper's

leadership in Panuco, missing

(1568) IX. 413.
Browne, Andrew, and the goods of

Andrew Barker (1576) x. 87.
Browne, Henry, settler in Virginia

(1587) vm. 403.
Browne, John, of Lynn, Royal

letter-bearer, 11. 28, 43, 44.
Browne, John, mariner on the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.

214.
Browne, John, in the Moscow fire

(1571) III. 169.
Browne, John, condemned to galleys

by Inquisition in Mexico (1575) ix.

428.
Browne, M., in Sir Francis Drake's

fleet, wounded at Puerto Rico

(1595) X. 230.
Browne, Maurice, captain of the

Swallow (1583) VIII. 47; captain

of the Delight, viii. 62 ; lost

with the Delight, vm. 67 ; Stephen

Parmenius and, vm. 82.
Browne, Richard, and the expedition

on the Pechora (1588) iii. 119.
Browne, Sir Matthew, knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.
Browne, Thomas, Russian licence

granted to, iii. 109.
Browne, Thomas, condemned to gal-
leys by Inquisition in Mexico

(1575) IX. 428.
Browne, Thomas, gunner on the

Delight (1589) XI. 388, 389.
Browne, William, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 402.

162

INDEX

Bruges, and the Hanse towns, ii.
31, 34; arbitration market of, 50,
93; staple fair of, 115; wool
trade, 126; English chapel to St.
Thomas, 154 ; and the Armada
(1588) IV. 204; Jesuit from, and
John Newbery (1584) v. 507.

Brulles Castle, near Alexandria, v.

333-
Brundusium, see Brindisi.
Brune, Hugh, captain, and the citi-
zens of Messina (1190) iv. 323.
Brune, William, member of the

Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Brunsburg Castle, garrisoned by

the Dutch knights, n. 2.
Brunswick, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 320.
Brunswick, Ludolphus, Duke of,

fifteenth master of the Dutch

knights, 11. 6.
Bruskome, John, of the Sunshine

(1586) VII. 409.
Brusonius, Domitius, his account of

petrifying rivers, iv. 37, 132.
Brutaches, the, i. 166.
Bruton, William, captain of the

Moonshine (1585) vii. 382; and

the damaged ship (1587) vii. 417;

at Earl of Cumberland's Isle, vii.

420.
Brytska, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

326.
Buccaneers, religion of English, xii.

34-
Buchan Ness, in Scotland, iii. 302.
Buck, Sir John, knighted at Cadiz

(1596) IV. 259.
Buckingham, Earl of, and the King

of Armenia (1386) iv. 445.
Buckland, John, master mate in

Cabot's intended voyage (1553)

II. 206; mate of the Bonaventure

(1553) 213, (1555) 286, (1556) 351;

master of the Primrose (1557) 380.
Bucthare, Alcaide, in Gago (1594)

VII. 100.
Buda, Pasha of, retinue of, vi. 67 ;

in the Hungarian-Turkish war

(1^94) VI. 104.
Budoa on Bocca de Cataro, v. 80.
Budomel, kingdom of, west of

Guinea, vi. 168.

Buen Jesus, or Bon Jesus, the,

Spanish carrack (1592) vii. 112;

viceroy of Goa in, vii. 115.
Buena Guia River, Captain Alar-

chon sails up the (1540) ix. 281;

names, 312; twenty-three different

peoples on the, ix. 296; chapel

built at (1540) IX. 312.
Buena Speranza, Cape of, see Good

Hope, Cape of.
Buena Ventura Island, in Puerto

Bello Harbour, x. 147.
Buena Ventura, La, town in Peru,

XI. 286.
Buena Vista Island, see Boa Vista.
Buenaire Isle, Cape de la Vela in, x.

272.
Buenos Aeres, see Buenos Aires.
Buenos Aires, haven of, on the

Plate river, x. 172, xi. 208; trade

of, with Potosi, X. 172 ; Rio de,

mentioned in a Ruttier for River

Plate, first Spanish colony planted

on, by Don Pedro de Mendoza, xi.

98; Don Pedro de Mendoza at,

XI. 252.
Buffaloes, at Sierra Leone, seen by

Thomas Cavendish's men (1586)

XI. 293.
Buffes, see Buffaloes.
Bugen, kingdom of, governors of,.

XI. 425.
Bugia, in Africa, vi. 142.
Bugon, Francesco, of Verona, slain

at Famagusta (1571) v. 150.
Buildings, Chinese, vi. 298.
Buinaro Island, latitude of, x.

Bulgaria, i. 231; William Har-
borne's journey through (1578) v.
169.

Bulgaria the Greater, i. 77, 86, 142,
166 ; and the Volga, 260, 270,
272, 278; formerly Greek pos-
session, 279 ; conquered province
of Russia, III. 359; Russian fur
market in, 365; trade open to
English merchants in, iii. 401 ;
people of, and Sartach, i. 269;
Saracens or Mahometans, 272 ;
and the Huns. 279.

Bulls, self-sacrifice of, iv. i. 89.

Bull, Bartholomew, master of the
Michael (1578) vii. 233.

163

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Bull fight in Isabella, Hispaniola
(1585) vm. 314.

Bulle, a town in Guinea, William
Towerson at (1557) vi. 217.

Bulley, Thomas, on Russian drinks,
II. 448.

BuUinao, Cabo de, latitude, ix. 332.

Bullingbroke, see Bolingbroke.

Bullocks in Benin (1590) vi. 464,
(1591) VI. 465.

Bulls, papal, taken from Spanish
ships by Thomas White in the
Amity of London (1592) vii.
103, 105 ; brought to the Indies
(1570) IX. 364; their sale to
the Indians a source of re-
venue to the King of Spain, ix.
376.

Bulls, sea, see Walruses.

Bully, William, Russian licence
granted to (1569) iii. 109.

Bulmar, M., assay-master, and Sir
Walter Raleigh's white Spar

(1595) X. 344-
Bulverhithe, i. 47, 48.
Bulwerheth, see Bulverhithe.
Bungo, King of, and Cainocami, xi.

426.
Bungo, kingdom of, in Japan, vi.

336.
Bunting, Thomas, ropemaker in

Russia (1558) II. 395.
Buntzel, Henry Austell in (1585) v.

326.
Buona Esperanza, Cape of, see

Good Hope, Cape of.
Buona vSperanza, see Good Hope,

Cape of.
Buona Vista, Cape of, in New-
foundland, latitude, viii. 183.
Buquhannesse, see Buchan Ness.
Burbon, see Bourbon.
Burburata, town in Venezuela, Sir

John Hawkins at (1564) vi. 265,

(1568) IX. 448, (1565) X. 30; attack

of the Caribs on (1565) x. 35.
Burchers Island, people of, and

Captain Martin Frobisher (1576)

VII. 209.
Burckardus a Schuvenden, ninth

master of the Dutch knights

(1282) II. 5.
Burden, John, settler in Virginia

(15S7) VIII. 402.

Bures, Robert of, witness of Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, i. 338.

Bureth, Duke of Hungary, i. 74.

Burg, see Burrough.

Burges, Richard, new purser of the
Jesus (1583) V. 293; persecuted,
V. 305. 310.

Burgh, Hubert de, and the French
fleet (12 17) I. 49, Ivii.

Burgh, Michael van, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 70.

Burgh, Sir John, see Burrough.

Burghley, see Cecil, William.

Burgignon, see Borgoignon.

Burgoignon, see Borgoignon.

Burgos, Puente de, English army
at (1589) VI. 474; Conde de And-
rada at, vi. 491 ; nine regiments
of English at, vi. 492.

Burgoyn, see Burgundy.

Burgrave, Marquess of, son of
Archduke Ferdinand and Philippa
Welser, and the Armada (1588)
IV. 205.

Burgundie, see Burgundy.

Burgundy, products of, 11. 129;
soldiers of, in the Armada (1588)
IV. 205; Duke of, II. 142, 148; left
in Damietta (1249) iv. 354.

Buri, and Friar Andrew, i. 282.

Burien, George, letter from, con-
cerning El Dorado (1594) x.

439-

Burin, Jagatai's son, i. 74, 167.

Buritabeth, Tartars and, i. 86; in-
habited by heathens, i. 72 ; Jeng-
hiz Khan and, i. 147.

Burke, Lord, and the voyage to
Cadiz (1596) IV. 236,250; knighted
at Cadiz, iv. 259.

Burleigh, Lord, see Cecil.

Burley, Port, at the mouth of
Amonna river, x. 459.

Burlings, the, the English fleet at
(1589) VI. 495; English fleet at
(1591) VII. 57, (1594) 119; latitude
of, X. 335 ; Sir Walter Raleigh
near (1595) x. 348.

Burnet, Robert, master of the De-
light (1589) XI. 381 ; petition of
certain of the company of the
Delight to (1589) XI. 385, 389.

Burnham, Francis, granted Russian
licence (1569) ill. 109.

164

INDEX

Burning of towns in Spain by Eng-
lish soldiers (1589) vi. 513, 525.

Burr, the, and the Richard of Arun-
del (1588) VI. 460.

Burrell, John, and the goods of the
Primrose (1585) vi. 416.

Burrough, Hugh of, see Burgh,
Hubert de.

Burrough, or Burgh, Sir John,
lieutenant of Sir Walter Raleigh's
fleet (1592) VII. 105; in charge of
half the fleet, vii. 108; and the
Spanish fleet, vii. 109 ; at S.
Cruz, VII. no, hi; in Flores
Island, VII. no; tactics of, vii.
113; in Flores with Christopher
Newport, x. 190; and Don Juan
Sarmiento, governor of Margar-
ita, X. 363.

Burrough, Stephen, see Borough.

Burrough, William, see Borough.

Burton, George, merchant in Ca-
bot's intended voyage, 11. 206; on
the Edward Bonaventure, 213; in
Russia, 407.

Burton, Master, on the Minion
(1562) VI. 258; illness of, vi. 261.

Burton, Robert, quotation from, xii.

38.

Burutabeth, see Buritabeth.

Buryas Point, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 328.

Buschoducensis, Jacobus Cnoyen,
voyage of (1580) iii. 281.

Bush, Richard, in John Chidley's
voyage, return of (1590) xi. 384.

Bushell, Edward, bearer of the Sul-
tana's letter to Queen Elizabeth
(1593) VI. 102.

Business, advice as to, given to Ed-
ward Fen ton (1582) xi. 169.

Busorman, Cafar, Gawar, Christian
renegade, iii, 41, 145, 148, 458.

Bliss, the, of Zeeland, 11. 66, 67.

Busse or Persian bark, iii. 230, 233.

Bussorah, Caesar Frederick at (1567)
V. 445; description by, v. 321;
spice market at, v. 371 ; John
Eldred and William Shals at, v.
457; Ralph Fitch in, description
of, V. 467, 503, 505; John Eldred's
voyage to (1583) vi. 1-9; weights,
measure and money, vi. 11; cho-
min found in, vi. 25 ; retinue of

Beglerbeg, vi. 67; English con-
sul at, XII. 102.

Bussormans, see Busorman.

Butcher, John, on the Content, non-
combatant (1591) x. 183.

Butchers, on the Marigold (1593)
VIII. 28, 157.

Butes Haven, in the Grand Bay of
Newfoundland, viii. 275.

Butler, captain of the bark Raleigh
(1583) VIII. 46; illness of, viii.

47-

Butler, Benet, and the Muscovy
Company, in. 119.

Butler, Master, his advice to An-
thony Parkhurst (1578) viii. 15.

Butler, Sir John, and the war
against the Saracens (1390) iv.

451.

Butler, Sir Philip, in the English
fleet (1589) VI. 495.

Butler, Thomas, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Butrigarius, Galeacius, papal legate
in Spain and Sebastian Cabot's
discoveries (1497) vii. 147.

Butter, Miles, mariner on the Ed-
zvard Bonaventure (1553) 11. 214.

Buttolfe, the, and the second voyage
to Barbary (1552) vi. 138.

Buttor, temporary village at, v.
410.

Butts, Sir William, of Norfolk, and
the voyage of M. Hore to New-
foundland (1536) VIII. 3.

Butts, Thomas, voyage of, in the
Trinity (1536) viii. 3; return of,
VIII. 7 ; and Richard Hakluyt, xii.
20.

Buxtehude, Mainard, Hamburg de-
puty at, II. 79; Henry Austell at,
V. 327.

Buytron, house of, under the Monte
de Carneros, x. 295.

Byarmia, see Biarmia.

Bye, Robert, Sir W. Bowyer's fac-
tor in Chios (1535) v. 69.

Byelo-ozera, lake in Russia, 11.
252 f, ; source of the Volga in, in.
104; province, in. 358.

Byet, William, of the Content,
killed by Indians (1587) xi. 306,

Byleri, see under Bulgaria the
Greater.

65

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Bymba, negro town, Sir John
Hawkins's attack on (1564) x.
21.

Bysayas, natives of Luzon or Philip-
pines (1584) IX. 334.

Bytonuse Bay, 11. 117.

Byzantine, a coin, iv. 304.

Cabanas, loaf of, or Pan de, de-
scribed in the Ruttiers, x. 297,

324-

Cabanca, Las Sierras de, mentioned
in second Ruttier, x. 328.

Cabannas, see Cabanas.

Cabasa, in Angola, vi. 468.

Cabe^a de Cativa, Francisca River
in Panama near, x. 154.

Cabega de Vaca, see Nunnez, Al-
varo.

Cabite Haven, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 331.

Cables, and ropes, made in Russia
by English ropemakers (1557) 11.
382, 393, 395, 403, 404; made on
Puna Island (1587) xi. 313.

Cabodelo Castle, besieged by the
French (1597) xi. 66; importance
of, XI. 70; John de Matas Car-
doso, governor of (1597) xi. 70.

Cabot, John, and Henry VH. i.
xxvii ; letters patent of Henry
Vn. (1495) VII. 141; granted six
English ships, vii. 145 ; discover-
ies (1497) VII. 146, XII. 8; and
Sebastian, discoveries by, viii. 35 ;
letters patent granted to, by Henry
vn., VIII. 37.

Cabot, Lewis, letters patent of
Henry VH. (1495) vii. 141.

Cabot, Sancius, letters patent of
Henry VH. (1495) vii. 141; born
in England, viii, 109.

Cabot, Sebastian, 11. 161, 166; and
Edward VL, i. xxvi. ; expedition
planned by ^ (1553) 11. 195-224,
239 ; portrait of, 240 ; privi-
leges granted to (1555) 298;
and the Muscovy Company, 305 f. ;
on the Searchthrift (1556) 322;
and the discovery of Cathay (1553)
III. 331; his ship lifted from the
sea, VI. 172 ; and James Alday,
137; letters patent of Henry VH.
(1495) vn. 141; map, vii. 145,

147; discoveries (1497) vii. 146;
discovery in West India (1497) vii.
147; first voyage to the North
(1496) VII. 148; second voyage to
Brazil, vii. 149, xi. 91 ; takes S.
Salvador Island, 99; builds fort
on river Plate, 252 ; Peter Martyr
on his voyage to West and North-
west, vii. 150 ; and the Baccalaos,
vii. 152 ; and Gomara, vii. 153 ;
Robert Fabian on, vii. 154; sav-
ages brought to England, vii.
155 ; Grand Pilot of England (1549)
vii. 156; his annuity, vii. 157;
charts, vii. 171 ; discovery of
Northwest passage, vii. 181, 188;
geographical tables by, at Chein-
ies, VII. 194 ; map of the world,

VII. 197, 203 ; born in England,

VIII. 109; projected voyage of Sir
Thomas Pert, and, to Brazil, etc.
(1516) X. 2-6; discovered the river
Plate (1526) XI. 91 ; S. Salvador
Island taken by, xi. 99; voyages
of, XII. 19-22.

Cabota, see Cabot.

Cabota river, Sir Robert Dudley's

sailors on the (1595) x. 208.
Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, discovery of

Brazil by, xi. 248.
Cabrera, Island of, William Har-

borne at (1583) v. 243.
Cabriera, Roderigo de, licence given

to, for printing the account of Sir

Francis Drake's death (1596) x.

252.
Cabritos or goats, dried, found in

Maio Island (1578) xi. 103,

105.
Cabuccapollo, Rajah in Java (1580)

XI. 131.

Cacafuego, the, Portuguese ship in
Barbary (1552) vi. 140.

Cacafuego, the, Spanish ship, laden
with silver (1579) xi. 115; taken
by Sir Francis Drake, xi. 116,

XII. 60.

Cacan, on the Persian Gulf, vi.

323-
Cacao, growing in Soconusco (1570)

IX. 365 ; used as tribute, ix. 366,
374, 384; growing in the garden
of Alonso Pedraza, ix. 471 ; in
Cuahintlan del Rey, ix. 471.

166

INDEX

Cacatepec Mountains, in New

Spain, IX. 467.
Cacatepec, town, in charge of

Raphael de Treyo, ix. 469.
Cacchegate, port of Couche or

Quicheu, v. 481.
Caceres, his attempt to discover

Guiana; settles in Matachines, x.

497-

Cacetto, Fabrice of, Grand Master of
Rhodes (1522) v. 4.

Cacique, sons of a, of Dominica,
prisoners of the English, vii. 409 ;
of Puna Island, married to a
Spanish lady, xi. 313; converted
to Christianity, 316.

Cacique of Capul Island, and
Thomas Cavendish (1588) xi.
330.

Caciques, native governors of New
Mexico, IX. 194; of Trinidad,
enslaved by Don Antonio de Ber-
reo, X. 352.

Caconado, meaning of, ix. 133.

Cadam, best Martens in Russia
found in, in. 365.

Cadan, see Chadan.

Cade, master of the Squirrel (1583)
VIII. 47.

Cadecha, King, vassal of King
Utina (1564) IX. 21.

Cades, see Cadiz.

Cadiz, English expedition to (1596)
IV. 236, 245 ; large shipping at,
IV. 244; taken, iv. 251, 257, 265;
description, iv. 255; Roger Bod-
enham at (1551) v. 72; Noblezia,
pilot at,v. 76; John Locke at (1553)
v. 76; Sir Francis Drake's victory
at (1587) VI. 438, 439; despatch of
Sir Francis Drake of victory at,
facsimile of, vi. 440; Earl of
Essex at (1589) vi. 495; Spanish
fleet in (1592) vii. 108; Robert
Tomson at (1553) ix. 338; John
Chilton's departure from, for New
Spain (1568) IX. 361 ; Spanish
ships burnt at the taking of, x.
254; bay of, IV. 246, x. 281; sea
victory of the English at, iv. 249 ;
action on 21st June, engraving of,
256; harbour, chart of, by Wil-
liam Borough, engraving of, vi.
448, XII. 63, 67.

Cadomosta, Alouis de. Cape Verde

discovered by (1455) viii. 127.
Cady of Patras and the Turks freed

by Sir Francis Drake (1586) vi.

40.
Caen, in Normandy, Charles de la

Barbotiere, from, vi. 404, x. 198.
Caen river, in Canada, latitude of,

viiT. 278.
Caesar, captain and owner of the

Toby, death of (1593) vii. 125.
Caesar of Adversa, captain, slain at

Famagusta (1571) v. 150.
Caesar, Augustus, pieces of money

engraved with, found in America,

VII. 160; Dukes of Muscovy de-
scended from, II. 183.

Caesar, Charles, captain of the
Amity, in Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1595) X. 234.

Caesar, William, in Cairo, and
Laurence Aldersey (1586) vi. 45.

Caesarea Philippi, or Belinas, con-
quered by King Baldwin (1107) iv.

304-.
Caesaria, see Taurida.
Cafaa Island, Captain Gualle at

(1584) IX. 331.
Caffa, on the Caspian Sea, 11. 454;

conquest of, by the Turks, in.

394-
Caffyl, or Caravan, from Tripolis

(1584) V. 506.
Cafraria, see Kaffraria.
Cage, Anthony, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 402.
Cage, John, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318,

Cagiers, found in Malabar and Mal-

dive, VI. 25.
Cahaia of the Andoluzes, in Gago

(1594) VII. 99.
Caiama Island, Sir Walter Raleigh

at (1595) X. 402.
Caiane or Caian, river, x. 492 ;

mentioned by Laurence Keymis

(1596) X. 454, 458; the Discoverer

in (1596) X. 477,
Caiaremappo, town of the Itorebece,

X. 494.
Caicos, Isles of, Sir Richard Gren-

ville at (1585) VIII. 315; John

White at (1587) viii. 390; Sir

John Hawkins at (1563) x. 8.

67

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Caida, a custom paid in Ormuz, vi.
i6.

Caido, description of, iv. 429 ; Khan
of Cathay in, iv. 430.

Cailac, market of, i. 284.

Cailechesworth, ships furnished by,
to Edward III.'s fleet, i. 298.

Caille, Francis la, see La Caille.

Caimans, see Caymans.

Caine, allotted land in Newfound-
land (1534) vni. 188.

Cainocami, governor of half the
kingdom of Bugen, xi. 425 ; King
of Bimgo and, xi. 426.

Caio, Sir Amyas de Preston at

(1595) X. 223.

Caiowa, King, and river in Florida,

IX. 112.
Caipurogh river, x. 454 ; great river

discovered by Laurence Keymis

(1596) 490.
Caira, see Capira.

Cairamo, Carapana's flight to (1595)

x. 419; situation of, x. 419.
Cairi, Indian name of Trinidad, x.

350-

Cairo, vi. 36, 144; Robert, son of
Godwin, prisoner at (1103) iv. 296;
Louis IX. of France at (1249) 335;
death of the Turkish captain of
(1522) V. 34; ruins of, 45; pyra-
mids at, 118; Harvey Millers, con-
sul at (1583) V. 259; market (1584)
V. 273; description, v. 333, 335;
caravans, 344, 356; cassia found
in, VI. 25; momia found in, 26;
description of, 36; products of,
37; Laurence Aldersey in, 45; re-
tinue of the Beglerbeg of, 67.

Caitan, Minorite friars in, iv. 424;
the Portuguese at, viii. 129.

Caitooma river, x. 494.

Cajicos, the, vi. 407.

Cakam, in the land of Pygmaei, iv.
428.

Cakeado, in Guinea, vi. 159.

Cakow, victory of Prince Edward
over the Saracens at (1270) iv.
362.

Calabria, Richard I. in (1190) iv.
322; and Sicily, vii. 161.

Calais, France, fleet of Edward III.
before, i. 297 f. ; customs paid at,
II. 73, II. 126; importance of, to

England, 11. 114, 116, 137 f. ; taken
by the English (1347) 11. 142 ;
Armada at, iv. 219, 222 ; Moncada's
Galleass lost at, iv. 223 ; Lyon,
King of Armenia at (1386) iv.
449 ; ship from, captured by the
English (1589) VII. 2; the Span-
ish Armada beaten from Portland
to (1588) VII. 39; Captain Laudon-
niere at (1565) ix. 99.

Calamea de la Sorengo, in Castile,
X. 174.

Calami, people called, iii. 409.

Calamus Aromaticus found in Con-
stantinople, VI. 27.

Calanus, the Indian, Alexander the
Great and, x. 484.

Calany, King, vassal of King Utina
(1564) IX. 21.

Calauai, Cacique in Florida, ix. 115.

Calben, hot baths in the Duchy of
Wittenberg, iv. 35, 129.

Calcei Ethiopes, people of Libya, vi.
168.

Caldea, see Irak Arabi.

Caldera, La, in S. Marta Harbour,

X. 135-

Calecut, see Calicut.

Caleis, see Calais.

Calentura, see Calenture.

Calenture, illness of Andrew Bark-
er's sailors (1576) x. 85 ; Sir Fran-
cis Drake's army ill of (1586) x.
120; illness of Robert Withring-
ton's crew, in Sierra Leone (1586)

XI. 207.
Cales, see Calais.

Calf, sea, found near Sierra Leone
(1582) XI. 178.

Calfield, Captain, and Sir Walter
Raleigh take S. Joseph City (1595)
X. 353 ; sent to Capuri River by
Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 378,
379 ; discovers Sayma, x. 396 ; Sir
Walter Raleigh's expedition to the
Caroli River (1595) x. 403; on the
Cararoopana River with Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 417; at
Curiapan, Trinidad, x. 422.

Caliban, meaning of, xii. 112; per-
sonage of, xii. 113.

Calice, see Calais.

Calicoes, taken in the Madre de
Dios (1592) vii. 116.
68

INDEX

Calicut, Thome's map of, ii. 170;
discovered by the Portuguese, 11.
172, 174, III.' 147, VIII. 128; con-
quests, 126; King of, enemy to
Portugal (1567) V. 392, 502; or
Samorin, or Cananore, v. 502 ;
monsoon from Goa to, viii. 31;
Portuguese possession, x. 487.

California, coasted by Drake, xii.
60.

California, Gulf of, reformation of
the map of, by Ortelius, viii. 444 ;
discovery of (c. 1539) ix. 206;
shoals in, ix. 280 ; Thomas Caven-
dish at, XI. 369.

California Islands, number and pro-
ducts of, IX. 129 ; Vasquez de Cor-
onado at (1540) ix. 148; taken
possession of, by Captain Ulloa
(1539) IX. 211, 215; in Mar del
Zur, IX. 318.

Calker, or Carenero of Spanish
ships, XI. 447.

Callowsa river, see Calousa.

Caloiero, monk, in Famagusta
(1571) V. 140.

Caloieros, Greek monastery of, in
Patmos, VI. 107

Calos, situation of, IX. 52 ; King of,
IX. 50.

Calousa river, Job Hortop sent on,
to capture negroes (1568) ix. 446;
Sir John Hawkins and the capture
of negroes of (1564) x. 21.

Calvaria, see Calvary.

Calvary Church, description by
Laurence Aldersey (1581) v. 210.

Cama, see Kama.

Cama, or Anta, an animal in
Guiana, x. 426.

Camaiwini river, between Cape Cecil
and Raleana river, x. 459.

Camana, port in Peru^ xi. 285 ;
Withrington at (1587) xi. 215.

Camarian, see Cardandan.

Camarie Mountains in Armenia, v.
108.

Camaron, shoals of the Cape of,
described in the Ruttier, x. 293 ;
latitude, x. 336.

Camarones, Rio de, mentioned in
the Ruttier, xi. 87.

Camascho, Don Pedro, del tercio de
Napoles (1589) vi. 514.

XII

Cambaia, see Cambay.

Cambay, kingdom of, in India, v.
374, 469 ; conquest by the King of
Agra, V. 377; products, v. 380;
Akbar, King (1583) v. 450,
VI. 7 ; dog and cat hospitals
in (1583) V. 471 ; opium in, v. 491,
VI. 27; spodium in, v. 505; gall
and ginger found in, vi. 25; in-
digo, VI. 26 ; monsoon from Goa
to, VI. 28.

Cambaietta, port in Cambay, v.
374, 469; products, V. 374 f. ;
brokers, v. 375.

Cambaleth, see Pekin.

Cambalu, see Pekin.

Cambodia, near China, vi. 324.

Camboia, see Cambodia.

Cambridge, Earl of, see Langley,
Edward de.

Camchick to Cathay, two months'
journey, 11. 481.

Camden, William, the antiquary
(1551-1623) I. Ivi. ; on Richard
Hakluyt,i.lxii. ; 'Chorography' of,

I. 25 ; on the English guard of the
Emperors of Constantinople (1177)
IV. 310; on John Hawkwood's
victories in Italy (1390) iv. 452;
and the verses on Madoc, vii.
135; quotations from, xii. 50, 51,
61, 64; on Tom Stukeley, 102.

Camels, iii. 21, 23; drawing carts,

II. 454 ; in Sillj^zure, 459 ; in Per-
sia, 474; in Babylon, vi. 4; pro-
cured in Shemakha, iii. 33; scarce
in Persia, 146, 148; in Canary
Islands, description (1564) x. 12.

Camen, see Camen Bolschoi.

Camen Boldshay, see Camen Bol-
schoi.

Camen Bolschoi, mountain in Rus-
sia, II. 337, III. 407, 408, 409.

Cameni, on the Stzuchogora, iii.
407.

Cameret, products of, 11. 129.

Camienijecz, in Poland, William
Harborne in (1578) v. 168; Henry
Austell in (1585) v. 325.

Camlaia Island, Straits between
Luzon and, xi. 330.

Camoloquea, Camaloqua, rock,
mentioned in the Ruttier, x. 302,
305.

169

M

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Camonlaca Hills, marks of, de-
scribed in second Ruttier, x.

330.

Campa, vi. 324; kingdom of, Friar
Odoric in the (1330) iv. 419.

Campaa, see Campa.

Campanna de la Cruz, La, named
by Captain Alarchon (1540) ix.
312.

Campeache, see Campeachy.

Campeachy province, John Chilton
in (1572) IX. 374; Sir John Haw-
kins near (1568) ix. 450; town.
Captain Parker's voyage to (1596)
X. 277; Captain Parker lands at
and takes, x. 279.

Campeachy wood, used for dyeing,
IX. 375, X. 280.

Campeche, see Campeachy.

Campen, see Kampen.

Camphor, found in Brimeo, vi. 25.

Campion, Caspar, letters to Michael
Locke and William Winter, i.
Ixviii. (1569) V. Ill, 168.

Campo, Andrew de, Portuguese
gardener of Francis de Solis, ad-
ventures of, IX. 166.

Campo Santo, at Famagusta, v.
132 ; mined during the siege (1571)

V. 135-

Camyenetz, see Camienijecz.

Cana Fistula, found in New Spain,
IX. 397.

Canaan, land of, and Moses, viii.
102.

Canaanites, Joshua and the, viii.
103.

Canada, vii. 171 ; map of, by Mer-
cator, III. 280, VIII. 183, 210; dis-
covered by Jacques Cartier, vii.
149, viii. 144, 215, 284; map of,
by Beloguine Galterius, vii. 196;
voyages of Cartier to (1534) 183-
209, 210-262; vocabulary of, 209,
260; climate of, 281; discovered
by John de Verrazzano (1524)
449; King of, kidnapped by
the French, viii. 145 ; voy-
age of the Hopewell and the
Chancewell to (1597) viii. 166;
voyage of Roberval to (1542) viii.
283-287; Hochelaga river in,
viii. 214; Donnacona, Lord of
(1535) vm. 219, 235; Cudruaigny,

god of the natives of, viii. 226,
240; vines, south of, viii. 227;
marriage customs, viii. 241 ;
tobacco used, viii. 242 ; vocabu-
lary, VIII. 250 ; John Francis de la
Roche, first governor of, viii.
263 ; fertility, viii. 267 ; diamonds,
VIII. 268 ; gold and silver, 282 ;
hemp, VIII. 268; map (1587) viii.
272 ; expedition of Don Pedro
Melendez to, ix. 91, xii. 9.

Canada river, see St. Lawrence.

Cananea, mentioned in Ruttier, xi.
84.

Cananor, see Cannanore.

Canary Islands, in Thome's map,
II. 169, VI. 120-131, 147, 156, 231;
X. 12, 93; English fleet bound for
the, (1577) VI. 231; Thomas
Stevens at (1579) vi. 378; George
Raymond and the (1591) vi. 387;
Captain Amadas at (1584) viii.
297 ; Sir Richard Grenville at
(1585) VIII. 310; John White at
(1590) VIII. 407; John Chilton at
(1568) IX. 361 ; Christopher New-
port at (1591) X. 184; Sir Robert
Dudley at (1594) x. 204; Laurence
Keymis at (1590) x. 452; trade
in the, xi. 27 ; James Lancaster
at (1596) XI. 44; Amadas and Bar-
lowe at, XII. 39.

Canasia, see Hang-chow.

Canavate, in Spain, x. 163.

Canavate, John Lopez, alderman in
Canavate, letter to, from Havana
(1590) x. 163.

Canawi, town of the Caiane, x.
492.

Cancer, Tropic of, vii. 253, vi. 230,
236, 387; latitude of, vi. 181.

Candelox, S. Nicholas to, iii. 69.

Candia, see Crete.

Candill, weight of Goa, vi. 17.

Candinal, near Porto d'Ally, pro-
ducts of, vii. 90.

Candish, Thomas, see Cavendish.

Candona La, independent Indian
province, ix. 369.

Candy, see Crete.

Cane, see Caen.

Canemarie, in Karamania, Storax
Calamita found in, vi. 25.

Cafiete, town in Peru, xi. 286.

170

INDEX

Canga, kingdom of Japan, clima-
teric extremes in, vi. 333.

Cangiti, see Cangle, people of.

Cangle, land of, i. 166, 167, 271,
278, 279; people of, or Kangittae,
86, 278 ; John de Piano Carpini
among the, 94.

Cangoxima, haven in Japan, vi.

331-
Cangues, ministers of the high

priest in Japan, vi. 335.
Caninoz, Stephen Borough at (1556)

n. 333. 337, 342, 343 f.
Cannanore, Portuguese hold (1567)

V. 390; products, V. 391; dis-
covered by Portuguese, viii. 128.

Cannas, near the Islands of Bayona,

VI. 495.

Cannas, Las Baixos del Rio de,
Captain Gualle at (1584) ix.

331-

Cannaveral Cape, in Bahama Chan-
nel, IX. 460; latitude of, in second
Ruttier, ix. 52, x. 326, 334; longi-
tude from, to Bermuda, x. 337.

Cannel or Cannal, Cape, latitude of,
XI. 351; from, to Batochina
Island, XI. 365.

Cannete. see Cafiete.

Cannette, or Cannete, Marquis of,
viceroy of Peru, xi. 277 ; father of
Don Garcia de Mendoza, governor
of Chili, XI. 259,

Cannibalism of Samoyedes, 11. 483.

Cannibals (Anthropophagi), people
of Ethiopia, vi, 170; in Meta In-
cognita (1577) vii. 227; David In-
gram on, VIII. 100 ; among the
Indians of New Spain (1572) ix.
397 ; near Amana river, x. 422 ;
near Guanipa and Berbice rivers,
x. 423; in St. Vincent (1596) x.
478; essay of Montaigne on, xii.

^13-
Cannitz, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327-

Canno, see Cano.

Cannons, perriers of brass, used at
the siege of Rhodes (1522) v. 19.

Cano, Bartholomew, his letter from
Mexico to Francis Hernandez
(1590) IX. 204-206; letter from, to
Peter de Tapia, in Seville (1590)
X. 166.

Cano, Juan Sebastian del, first man
to sail round the world, xi. 258.

Cano, Isle of, latitude of, ix. 319;
Sir Francis Drake at, xi. 266, xi.
117; Nuno da Silva and Sir Fran-
cis Drake at, xi. 145.

Canoa, see Canoe.

Canoa, Punta de la, mentioned in
the Ruttier, x. 289.

Canoas Island, latitude of, xi. 350.

Canoe, Indian, Periago or, x. 279,
XI. 288.

Canoes, of the natives, in John
Davis's second voyage to the
north (1586) vii. 395; of Africa,
description, x. 18; of Indians of
Dominica (1595) x. 215; Indian or
periagos, 279, xi. 288; taken by
Captain Gilford (1595) x. 388; East
Indian, described by Sir Francis
Drake (1579) xi. 124, 125.

Canon of S. Paul, and the expedi-
tion to the North Pole (1527) viii.
2.

Canow, Tartar town, i. 160.

Cansaco, Jesuit College in (1591) xi.
428.

Cansai, see Hang-chow.

Cansas, province in China, descrip-
tion of, XI. 378.

Cansay, province in China, xi. 380.

Cantam, see Canton.

Cantan, see Canton.

Cantar, the, of Weymouth, Captain
Kenel of Limehouse, captain of
(1592) x. 193.

Cantar (or fishing boat), the Bene-
dict exchanged for a Spanish
(1578) XI. 151.

Cantare, weight in Algiers (1584) v.
271.

Cantars, Spanish barks, taken by
Sir Francis Drake (1578) xi. 103,
150.

Canterbury, Baldwin, archbishop of,
life and travels of (1190) iv. 339-
341; Hubert, archbishop of (1201)

IV. 345, 347; William Courtenay,
archbishop of, and the King of
Armenia (1386) iv. 448; Edmund
Grindal, archbishop, and importa-
tion of tamarisks from Germany,

V. 242 ; Robert, archbishop of, see
Winchelsea, Robert de.

171

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Canthers, or Portuguese fishermen,
Sir Robert Dudley and (1595) x.
205.

Cantin, Cape, viii. 406 ; Christopher
Newport at (1591) x. 184; Casa
del Cavallero near, x. 281 ; marks
of, described in second Ruttier, x.
306; latitude of, x. 335, xi. 148,
348 ; longitude from Sal Medina
to, X. 336; Sir Francis Drake at
(1577) XI. 102 ;.

Cantire, Cape, see Cantyre.

Canton, city, v. 406, vi. 351, 352,
VII. 195, XI. 379 ; Portuguese trade
in, V. 498; silver market in, v.
354; province, vi. 295, 320, 350,
XI. 380 ; river and bay, latitude,

IX. 333-
Canton, in Africa, on the Gambia

river, vii. 98.
Cantus, see Canute.
Cantyman, a cacique, and Sir

Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 351.
Cantyn, see Cantin.
Cantyre, Mull of, Spanish ships

wrecked at (1588) iv. 231.
Canuri Province, x. 403 ; Sir Walter

Raleigh at, x. 409.
Canuria^ Wanuretona, Cacique of,

and Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) x.

402.
Canute, King (994-1035), privileges

obtained by, i. xlvii. ; Edric's

counsel to, 24; journey to Rome

(1027) I. 313 f.
Caopui river, between Cape Cecil

and Raleana river, x. 459.
Caorai river, Ewaipanoma, nation

of headless people near, x. 406;

branch of the Orinoco river, x.

408.
Caorle, near Venice, v. 105.
Caos, Bay of, mentioned in second

Ruttier, x. 330.
Capana, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

322.
Caparana, see Carapana.
Capari, found in Alexandria, vi. 27.
Caparwacka, river, Laurence Key-
mis at (1596) x. 454.
Cape, North, Arthur Pet at (1580) iii.

299.
Cape, Richard, and treachery of

Pedro Gonzalves (1591) vii. 95.

Cape Verde Islands, vi. 162 ; George
Fenner's voyage to (1566) 266-284;
salt for the Edward Cotton pro-
cured at (1583) 408; the Richard
of Arundel near (1568) 460; dis-
covered by Alouis de Cadomosta
(1455) VIII. 127; distance of, from
Canaries, x. 93 ; latitude of, 335 ;
Sir Anthony Sherley at, x. 268-
271; Laurence Keymis at (1596)
452 ; Nuno da Silva at, xi. 133 ;
Sir Francis Drake at, 260 ; Thomas
Cavendish at, 244, (1586) 294;
John Chidley at (1590) xi. 384.

Capellepo, or Cappelepo, great river,

X. 492, 493.

Caphars, Turkish name for Chris-
tians, II. 458,
Capiguoari, mentioned in Ruttier,

XI. 74.

Capira, Mountains of, iv. 18, 108,
X. 144, 148, 291 ; description of,
X. 151.

Capitague, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, XI. 74.

Caplan, precious stones, v. 496.

Caplen Bay, see Chaplin.

Caplin Bay, see Chaplin.

Capling, William, master in the
Matthew of London, v. 62.

Caponaiarie, Indian captain, x.

493-
Caporaco, great Indian captain, x.

495-

Cappadocia, iii. 399.

Capricorn, Tropic of, vi. 170.

Caprima, Indian, of Aramatto, guide
to Sir Walter Raleigh (1597) xi.
6.

Captain of Alexandria, the, Turk-
ish galley, v. 160; John Foxe's
escape, v. 161 ; famine, v. 163.

Captain of the barge of the Grand
Signior or Capigilar Caiasi, pay
of, VI. 62.

Captain of the guard of the Grand
Signior or Solach Pasha, pay of,
VI. 62 ; annuity of, vi. 65.

Captains, regulations for, on Span-
ish ships, XI. 446.

Capthac, see Comanians.

Captives of Don Bernaldino Delga-
dillo from the English fleet (1596)
X. 252.

172

INDEX

Capua, M. T. Cicero, beheaded at,
V. 82.

Capul Island, Thomas Cavendish and
the Cacique at (1588) xi. 330, 331,
370; latitude of, xi. 350; from,
to Masbat Island, xi. 364;
anchorage, xi. 373 ; people
of, and other islands, side with
English against the Spanish (1588)

XI. 333-
Capule, a stone fruit in Mexico, ix.

410.
Capuli Island, Captain Gualle at

(1584) IX. 327.
Capulio, foreland, x. 208.
Capurepana, town, x. 417; cap-
tains sent to, by Sir Walter

Raleigh (1595) x. 403.^
Capurepani, on Caroli river, x. 423.
Capuri river, x. 407 ; forces sent to,

by Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) x.

378 ; Indians near, described bv

Sir Walter Raleigh, x. 383';

branch of the Orinoco river, x.

421.
Capurwacka, great river, discovered

by Laurence Keymis (1596) x. 490.
Cara, Duke of Tartary, i. 150.
Cara Carum, Vut Khan, Lord of, i.

210, 268; an idol at, i. 286.
Cara-Cathay, i, 86, 94 ; and Jenghiz

Khan, 143 ; Rubruquis enters, i.

284.
Cara-calmack, see Kara-Kalmucks.
Cara Reca, see Kara.
Carabbe, found in Germany, vi. 26.
Caracas, fort in, taken by Sir

Amyas de Preston, x. 217;

coast of, despoiled by Agiri,

X. 363; Don Antonio de Berreo's

camp master at, x. 364 ; S. lago

de Leon in, x. 377; governor of,

and the conquest of Guiana, x.

460.
Caracks, see Carracks.
Caracol river, in Panama, x. 154.
Caracones, see Coracones.
Caracos, see Caracas,
Caraemiti, retinue of the Beglerbeg

of, VI. 67.
Carak, see Carrack.
Caramasal, Don Gomez de, returned

from England (1589) vi. 485.
Caramusalins, see Carramuzzals.

Caraniti, see Karanites.

Caranza, Rodrigo de, registrar of
the Spanish army (1593) x. 434.

Carapana, King of Emena, and
Don x\ntonio de Berreo (1595) x.
365 > 373; wisdom of, x. 372;
Lord of the Orenoqueponi, x. 417 ;
flight of, X. 419; Lord of Emeria,
ruler of the Nepoios, x. 423 ; Que-
pyn Mountains, dwelling place of,
X. 465 ; his envoy and Laurence
Keymis (1596) x. 471, 475.

Carapana town, fort of Guiana, x.
375 ; Berreo at, x. 461.

Carapi river, x. 492.

Cararoopana, or Carerupana, branch
of the Orinoco river. Sir Walter
Raleigh on the (1595) x. 417, 420.

Carassi, Indian poisoned herb, x.

495-

Caravallos, Albert, Ralph Fitch in
the ship of (1586) v. 485.

Caravans, of merchants to Bokhara,
II. 472 ; stopped between Taskent
and Kashgar, 473, v. 273, 340-356,
445; John Eldred's, from Bus-
sorah to Aleppo (c. 1583) vi. 8.

Caravel, see Carvel.

Carawool, or Russian watch, iii.
217.

Cardamom, found in Barcelona and
Bengal, vi. 26.

Cardamomum, see Cardamom.

Cardan, on mountains, iv. 18 28,
108, 120 ; on hot spring baths, iv.
35, 129; on rivers, iv. 36, 131;
on Corinth river, iv. 37, 132 ; on
the oil fountains in Saxony, iv. 38,
133; on hydromel, iv. 38, 134; on
the smell of water, iv. 39, 134.

Cardandan, description of, vi. 322;
or Camarian, 322.

Cardane, see Cardan.

Cardanus, see Cardan.

Cardenas, Don Garcia Lopez de,
master of the field in Vasquez de
Coronado's expedition (1540) ix.
150; at Cevola, ix. 151; saves the
life of Vasquez de Coronado, ix.
153; at Acuco (1540) IX. 164.

Cardia, sweet fountain in, iv. 38,

133-
Cardiff, Glamorgan, ships furnished
by, in Edward III.'s fleet, i. 298.

73

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Care, weight of Bussorah, vi. 13.
Careless, Edward, alias Wright,
captain of the Hope (1589) vn. i,

(1585) X. 98. ^

Carena, or careening, of Spanish
ships, XI. 447.

Carenes, see Triangle Islands.

Carepini, nation on the Chaimawi-
mini, x. 492.

Carepuna province, x. 366.

Careres, see Triangle Islands.

Cares, Lindius, scholar to Lysippus,
and the Colossus Solis, v. 119.

Cares, Island of, x. 290; Sir Fran-
cis Drake at, to take in water

(1586) X. 126; in Cartagena Har-
bour (1587) X. 137, 140; proposed
fort in, X, 141 ; lime stones at, x.
142.

Carew, Henry, or Carewe, captain
of the Hopeivell (1578) vii. 231,
322, 364; on board the Aid (1577)
285 ; in Captain Frobisher's coun-
cil, 348.

Carew, Sir George, and the Cadiz
expedition (1596) iv. 241, 247.

Carew, Sir Robert, and the Armada

(1588) IV. 217.

Carey, Henry, letter from Thomas

Cavendish to (1588) xi. 376-378.
Carey, Paul, sailor on the Delight

(1589) XI. 389.

Carey, Sir George, bark sunk at
Flores Island (1591) vii, 41; ships
of; against the Spanish near Cuba
(1591) X. 178.

Cargapolia, province of Russia, iii.
358; Russian iron at, 369; city
of, 370.

Cargo of captured ships (1589) vii.
5, 13, 19; from the Spanish Indies
in Terceira (1589) 66; of the
Madre de Dios (1592) 116.

Cari river., tributary of the Orinoco
river, x. 407.

Caria, iii. 398.

Caribs, and Sir John Hawkins (1565)
x. 29; and the Spanish captain,
29; war stratagems of the (1565)
30; at Burburata (1565) 35; king-
dom of, or Man-eaters, in Guiana,
and Sir Robert Dudley (1595) 207;
Roponowini lake, named Parime
by the, 459; of Guanipa and Ar-

rowaiarie, 460, 474; language,
465; nation of the Arowari, etc.,
490 ; of Wias, Sir Walter Raleigh
and (1597) XI. 6; Quiparia, town
of the, 8.

Carichii Island, in the gulf of Per-
sia, V. 372.

CarillO; Francis, witness of Spanish
possession of Guiana (1593) x.

435.
Carinamari, Indian captain, x. 493.
Carinepagotes, people of Trinidad,

X. 350.
Carinthia, Duke of, and the Tartars,

I. 51.
Carion, the, Spanish ship lost in a

storm at S. Juan d'Ulloa (1556)

IX. 343-

Carios, nation on Rio Grande, xi.

96; inhabitants of S. Salvador,

99.
Cariwacka, town of the Winitwari,

X. 492.

Carleill, Christopher, captain of the
Ti^er (1582) iii. 303, 463, x. 98;
portrait of, viii. 2 ; chosen captain
by the Company of Merchants
(1583) 133; discourse by, 134-147;
and Muscovy Committee, 147 ;
lieutenant-general of Sir Francis
Drake (1585) x. 97; and a
Spanish ship (1585) 100; his cap-
tures in Vigo, loi ; his landing
with soldiers at Playa, 104 ; leader
of Sir Francis Drake's forces
against S. Domingo (1586) iii;
in Cartagena (1586) 116; praises
of, 128.

Carlet, David, captain of the Minion
(1564) VI. 263, X. 9; prisoner of
the Portuguese, vi. 265, x. 35.

Carliell, see Carleill.

Carlil, see Carlisle.

Carlile, Alexander, in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, death of (1586) x.

134-
Carlile, Captain, and the voyage of

Edward Fenton (1582) xi. 165, 171.
Carlisle, Walter, bishop of, witness

of Henry III.'s charter, i. 324.
Carmarthen, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 298.
Carmel, Mount, John Locke near

(1553) V. 92.

174

INDEX

Carmosale, see Carramuzzal.

Carnaby, Nicholas, joint owner of
the Jesus (1583) v. 292.

Carneros, Monte de, a black hill, in
the Ruttier, x. 295.

Caroa Point, in Trinidad, Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1595) x. 349; Ara-
waks at, 350.

Carobia or Cheste, iii. 231.

Carobs or locust-bean trees, in
Cyprus, V. 99.

Caroli river, Antonio de Berreo and,
X. 369, 371 ; Sir Walter Raleigh
at (1595) 40I' 402, 403; Canuri,
inhabitants of, governed by a
woman, 423; Berreo's flight to,
462; his forces on (1596) 466.

Caroline, Fort, in Laudonniere Vale,
description (1564) ix. 17; meeting
in, IX. 41; completion (1565) ix.
48; famine (1565) ix. 59, 66; ship-
building, IX. 60 ; entered by Span-
iards (1565) IX. 95; Captain Lau-
donniere leaves (1565) ix. 97; razed
by Captain Gourgues (1568) ix.
109.

Caroius, see Charles.

Caroius Magnus, see Charlemagne.

Caroius V., see Charles V.

Carone, river, in Trinidad, x. 350.

Carovans, see Caravans.

Carowe, John, quartermaster of the
Edward Bonaventure (1553) ii. 213.

Carpathus Mountain, green water in
the, IV. 38, 134.

Carpenters, in Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert's expedition (1583) viii. 47;
in Fort Caroline, killed by the
sons of King Emola (1565) ix. 68.

Carpet-making, Persian, iii. 249;
Turkish, 251.

Carpets, sale of, in Chios (1569) v.
114.

Carpont, or Carpunt, in Newfound-
land, latitude of, viii. 185, 275 ;
Jacques Cartier at (1540) viii. 265;
voyage of John Alphonse of
Xanctoigne to (1542) viii. 275-
283.
Carrack, Domingo de Fournati, cap-
tain of a, at the siege of Rhodes,
V. 10.

Carracks, Genoese, 11. 123, 143.
Carrah Colmak, see Kara-Kalmuck.

Carraich, Tolvich to, iii. 81.

Carramuzzal, Turkish ship, engrav-
ing of a, V. 136; at the siege of
Famagusta, v. 130 ; passage boats
of Tripoli, vi. 43.

Carre, Captain, killed at the taking
of Lisbon (1589) vi. 501.

Carrell, Denis, left at Mosquito Bay
(1587) VIII. 389.

Carrero. Bras, Captain, prisoner of
Captain Grant (1594) vii. 122.

Carricurrina, province. Sir Walter
Raleigh's description of (1595) x.
417.

Carriers, English merchants in Rus-
sia, allowed to hire, iii. 442 ; upon
mules (or catergi), upon camels
(or cinegi) of the Grand Signior,
pay of, VI. 64.

Carroaori, Indian chief tortured by
Don Antonio de Berreo (1595) x.

353-

Carrobi, see Carobs.

Carsey, Captain, killed at the taking
of Lisbon (1589) vi. 501.

Carsies, see Kerseys.

Cartagena (Spain), galleys from,
leagued against English ships
(1583) v. 264.

Cartagena (West Indies), Sir Fran-
cis Drake's voyage to (1589) vii.
I ; sacked by Sir Francis Drake
(1586) VIII. 346, XII. 62; Sir John
Hawkins at (1568) ix. 401,450, x.
66, 67; Sir Francis Drake's forces
land near, under Christopher Car-
leill (1586) X. 116; description of,
X, 117, XI. 234; taking of, x. 119;
ransom of, x. 125 ; ordnance cap-
tured at, by Sir Francis Drake
(1586) X. 134; latitude, x. 137;
weakness of, x. 138 ; advice of
Baptista Antonio for strengthen-
ing the harbour of, x. 140; lime
stones in, x. 142; Hieronymo de
Nabares at (1590) x. 176; Portu-
guese ship bound for, captured by
Christopher Newport (1591) x.
184 ; Don Pedro de Acunna, gover-
nor of, and Don Bernaldino Del-
gadillo (1596) X. 250; marks of,
described in the Ruttier, x. 287,
289, 291; Ruttier from, to Hav-
ana, X. 292 ; traffic with New

75

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Granada, xi. 235 ; passage over-
land from, to Peru, xi. 236; bom-
barded by Drake and Hawkins,
xn. 49; Spanish ship captured by
Drake at (1570) 52; Scrivano of,
captured by Andrew Barker (1576)
x. 86.

Carter, voyage of, in the Trinity
(1536) vm. 3.

Carter, Mark, master's mate of the
Sunshine (1586) vn. 408.

Carter, Richard, taken by Luke
Warde (1582) xi. 183.

Carthage, vi. 144; description of,
(1587) VI. 38.

Carthagena, see Cartagena.

Cartier, Jacques, of S. Malo, the
two voyages of, by Baptista Ram-
usio, VII. 149 ; in Terra de Labra-
dor, VII. 169, 171 ; discoveries
(1534) VIII. 144; and the natives
of Holy Cross, viii. 145 ; discovery
of Gulf of St. Laurence, viii. 156 ;
first voyage of discovery (1534)
viii. 183-209 ; second voyage of
discovery (1535-1536) vili. 210-262 ;
third voyage of discovery (1540)
vm. 263-272 ; Captain General and
leader of the French ships (1540)
vm. 263; at S. John's Road with
Roberval, vm. 284; on the Vir-
ginians, vm. 374 ; discovered Can-
ada (1535) vm. 450; discoveries

of, XII. 9.

Carts, in Fatehpur, v. 474.

Cartwright, John, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Carvel, Portuguese, captured by
English ships (1591) vi. 388,
(1590) 464; taken by the English
near Graciosa Island (1586) vi.
435; in Sir Francis Drake's fleet
(1595) X. 227, 232.

Carvels, Spanish (1588) of the Ar-
mada, IV. 200; fight of Sir John
Hawkins with seven, ix. 448; cap-
tured at Cumana by Sir Amyas
Preston, x. 217, 218; taken by
Sir Francis Drake (1578) xi. 103.

Cary, Sir George, see Carey.

Casada, Don Gonzales Ximenes de,
his attempt to discover Guiana, x.
364-

Casada, Captain, New Kingdom of
Granada discovered and named
by, XI. 235.

Casan, see Kazan.

Casas, Bartholomew de, Amana
river named Ivia Pari by, x.
496.

Casavi, see Cassava.

Casbin, see Kazvin.

Cascaes, Sir Francis Drake at
(1587) VI. 442 ; stores of provisions
for ships at, vi. 482 ; Sir Francis
Drake and the English fleet at
(1589) VI. 502, 506; English army
at, VI. 507 ; castle of, surrenders,
VI. 509 f.

Cascais, see Cascaes.

Cascar, see Kashgar.

Casicola, Cacique, near S. Helena
in Florida, ix. 113.

Casimir, son of Vladislaus, King
of Poland, 11. 7, 9, 11.

Casique, see Cacique.

Caskar, see Kashgar.

Caskets, Flanders, trade of. In
Guinea (1577) vi. 252.

Casks for Russian trade, 11. 388,
390, 402.

Casnero river, course of the, x. 407,
408.

Casoldo, Earl Sigismund of, slain
at Famagusta (1571) v. 150.

Caspian Sea, i. 270, 278, iii. 15 ; or
Baku Sea, iv. 410; and its tribu-
taries, I, 163 ; and the Volga, 270,
II. 252 ; discovered by Anthony Jen-
kinson (1559) 400; Tartars and
the, 452 ; Anthony Jenkinson
reaches the, 456, 475 ; storms,
description of, 476, 477, iii. 19 ;
absence of trade, 11. 478; latitude,
479 ; Anthony Jenkinson crosses
the (1563) III. 36, 196; Thomas
Alcock on the, iii. 41 ; distance
from S. Nicholas, iii. 70; English
trade, iii. 88; English bark on
the, III. 104 ; fight on the, iii. 155 ;
description, iii. 166, xii. 105.

Cassacam, see Armadillo.

Cassachi, wife of Solyman, built hos-
pital at Medina, v. 363.

Cassak, see Cossack.

Cassamar, Cassanar, Cassonar,
river, tributary of Pato river.

76

INDEX

Guiana, x. 365 ; Don Antonio de

Berreo on, x. 368.
Cassamari, enemies to the Spanish

(1596) x. 474.
Cassan (Russia), see Kazan.
Cassan (Persia), see Kazvin.
Cassan (Africa), on the Gambia

river, vii. 98.
Cassanar, river, x. 408.
Cassanari, nation of clothed people,

near the beginning of (Orinoco

river, x. 464,
Cassaria, see Taurida.
Cassava, Don Diego de, returned

from England (1589) vi. 514.
Cassava or Indian bread, x. 465.

XI. 390; description, xi. 14.
Cassavi, see Cassava.
Cassavy, poisonous root found in

Virginia (1586) viii. 365.
Casserroes river, Job Hortop on the

(1568) IX. 447; Sir John Hawkins

in the (1565) x. 23.
Cassia, found in Cambay and

Cairo, vi. 25.
Cassim Castle, in Russia, 11. 450.
Cassima river, in. 409.
Cassine, national drink of the In-
dians of Florida, viii. 454, ix.

23-.
Cassipa, Lake, on the Caroli river,

X. 405.
Cassipagotos, nation unconquered

by the Orejones, x. 400; enemy

to the Spaniards, x. 401, 474;

enemy to the Inga and the

Epurenei, x. 405 ; on Cassipa lake,

X. 423.
Cassones bay, near Tuspa river, x.

319-

Cassopo, in Corfu, v. 103.

Cassuri, the Alcaide of, and the sur-
vivors of the Toby (1593) vii.
127.

Castel Nuovo, John Locke at (1553)
V. 80.

Castelin, Edward, trader in the
Canary Islands, vi. 134, ix. 341 ;
voyage to Guinea (1554) vi. 154,
(1561) VI. 253, (1562) 258; pro-
posed voyage to Guinea (1564) vi.
262.

Castelin, Francis, and William
Towerson (1577) vi. 236.

Castelin, John, member of the Mus-
covy Committee and Captain Car-

leill (1583) viii. 147.
Casteline, Edward, joint owner of

the Primrose (1557) 11. 378.
Castellammare, near Naples, hoop

market at, v. 117.
Castellanes, Juan de, ' Primera parte

de las Elegias de varones illustres

de Indias,' by, x. 496,
Castellani, rulers in Famagusta for

Venice, v. 95.
Castellanos, Baixos de los, men-
tioned in the Ruttier, xi. 85.
Castello, Dominico del, in Captain

Alarchon's voyage (1540) ix. 28c.
Casti, King, murderer of Captain

Laudonniere's carpenters (1565)

IX. 68; visits Captain Ribault at

Fort Caroline, ix. 88.
Castilia, Don Luis de, and Captain

Alarchon (1540) ix. 318.
Castiliano or Castillo, Juan, chief

pilot of Captain Ulloa, calker of

the Trinity and captain of the S.

Agiieda ^ (1540) ix. 234, 276;

discoveries by, ix. 241.
Castilia, Don 'Martin de, in Santa

Marta town (1597) x. 273.
Castille, Jews expelled from, 11. 173;

and the Armada (1588) iv.

200; Henry III. of, and Macham

(1395) IV. 369, VI. 120; John II.

of (1417) IV. 369, VI, 120.
Castilia de la Mar, see Castellam-
mare.
Castilleia, Caspar de, comptroller of

Captain Alarchon's fleet (1540) ix.

281.
Castle of Comfort, the flagship, in

the voyage to Guinea of 1566, vi.

266; at Gomera, vi. 269.
Castler, Master, and Laurence

Aldersey, in Augsburg (1581) v.

202.
Castles, garrisoned, in Germany

against Prussian infidels, 11. 2.
Castles, passage of the, viii. 196.
Castles, bay of, viii. 211 ; harbour in

Newfoundland (1578) viii. 14, 275;

Jacques Cartier at (1534) viii.

185; description, viii. 186.
Castorium found in Germany, v.

26.

177

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Castow Hill, in Derbent, in. 20.

Castran, English trade free of cus-
tom in (1569) III. 112.

Castro, governor of Peru, fleet sent
for discoveries by, xi. 287.

Castro, Laurence de, heirs of, in
charge of Thualapa, ix. 468.

Castro, on the coast of Chili, xi.

273-

Castrum Peregrinorum, Prince Ed-
ward at (1270) IV. 362.

Casul-bas, see Casul Pasha.

Casul Pasha, Prince of the Persians,
and Murad Khan, vi. 71.

Cat, Gervaise, ship master, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 66.

Catai, see Cathay.

Cataie, see Cathay.

Catalonia and Edward I.'s great
charter, i. 333.

Catanduanes, Island of. Captain
Gualle at (1584) ix. 327.

Cataracts in Saguenay river, viii.
236; Jacques Cartier at (1540)269,
270; latitude of, 272, 274; of the
river Caroli described by Sir Wal-
ter Raleigh (1595) x. 403; on the
Mountain of Crystal, 418; of Wia-
poucou river, Raleigh and the
(1597) XI. 5.

Cataracts of heaven, see Water-
spout.

Cataro, see Cattaro.

Catay, and Cataya, see Cathay.

Catches, or boats, two, in Sir
Francis Drake's fleet (1595) x.
227.

Catchoe, native king in Meta In-
cognita (1577) VII. 310.

Catecha, in Orissa, Caesar Fred-
erick in (1567) V. 409.

Cates, Thomas, Sir Francis Drake's
voyage to West Indies published

by (1585) X. 97-134-

Catetios, province of the, x. 408.

Cathaia, see Cathay.

Cathan, Duke of Hungary, i. 74.

Cathay, i. 56, 66, 69, 70, 86, 87, 94,
135' 143. 144' 167, 170; victory
over and defeat by Tartary, 144 ;
religion of, 70, 145 f. ; wind cave
in, 167, 242 ; dukes of, at Kaiuk's
court, 170 ; Prester John and, 267 ;
Vut Khan's flight into, 268;

178

Cabot's voyage to (1553) 11. 195;
Willoughby's voyage of discovery
to, 217-224; Chancellor's voyage
to, 239; way to, 285, 398; An-
thony Jenkinson on the way to
(1559) 400; river Oxus in, 461;
products of, brought to Bokhara,
473 ; description of, 481 ; and the
Muscovy Company, iii. 86; Rus-
sian help promised towards the
discovery of, 119; English mer-
chants and the discovery of (1580)
251-258; herbs, 268, 274; first
attempt to discover (1553) 330;
north-east passage to, 450, 457;
Kara-Kalmuck or nation of, 456 ;
lake of, 408, 410; bells heard in,

III. 457 ; Khan of, and the King
of Java (1330) IV. 417; and the
King of Moumoran, iv. 420;
Friar Odoric in (1330) iv. 429;
Khan of, in Caido, iv. 430 ; em-
pire of, IV. 432 ; intended dis-
covery of (1551) VI. 136; Sebas-
tian Cabot on the passage to, vii.
149 ; Sir Humphrey Gilbert on the
passage to (1548) vii. 158; west
of America, vii. 160; in Ortelius's
map, VII. 163 ; Paulus Venetus in,
VII. 166; divided from America,
VII. 170 ; King of, and Galeotto
Pereira, vii. 201 ; Captain Fro-
bisher's voyage to discover (1578)
vii. 319-367; the Portuguese at,
viii. 129; north-west passage to,
looked for by Jacques Cartier
(1534) viii. 144; sea of, tide of,
viii. 279; ships thought to come
from, seen at Quivira (1540) ix.
166 ; North-east passage to, xii.
22 ; Sir Humphrey Gilbert and,
XII. 25, 26.

Cathedral of Holen, built of wood
(1592) IV. 62, 161; of Schalholt,

IV. 62, 162.
Cathes, the, i. 166.

Cathneia, Richard I. and Tan-

cred at (1191) iv. 325.
Cativa, Cabeza de, mentioned in the

Ruttier, x. 290; islands of, x.

290.
Catoche or Yucatan Cape, latitude

of, x. 334; Captain Parker at

(1579) 279, 280.

INDEX

Cat's-eyes in Ceylon, v. 399.

Cats, Italians' predilection for, v.

8y; hospital for, in Cambay

(1583) 471.
Cattaro, Bocca di, Venetian hold in,

V. 80; Henry Austell at, v. 322.
Cattewater, see Catwater.
Cattle, Finland, 11. 416; Tartar,

464; Russian, George Turberville

on (1568) III. 127; Persian, as

beasts of burden, 148, 166; accom-
modation for, in Iceland (1592) iv.

63, 163; in China, vi. 298; in

Aguada Saldanha, vi. 289;

imported in Hispaniola, viii. 441 ;

in Curacao Island, abundance of

(1565) x/36;in S. Domingo (1535)

X. 36, 37; breeding of, advised

for Florida and Virginia (1565) x.

62 ; of Peru, description of, xi.

282.
Caturi river, x. 407.
Caturlune and Edward I.'s great

charter, i. 333.
Catwater. the Richard of Arundel

in (1589) VI. 456; Robert Flicke

at (1591) VII. 61.
Catza Island, near Dalmatia, v.

78.
Caucasus, i. 279, 282, 11. 477; rivers'

sources in, 478.
Cauchinchina, see Cochin China.
Caucus Point, mentioned in the

Ruttier, x. 302.
Caufield, Captain, of Sir John

Burrough's fleet (1592) vii. no.
Caumbrigge, Robert, of Norwich,

and Prussian pirates, 11. 63.
Causedo Point, described in second

Ruttier, x. 312.
Causet, see Cawsand.
Caushen Bay, see Cawsand.
Causon Bay, see Cawsand.
Cavalette, in Cyprus, destruction of,

v. 85.
Cavalla, the, of Venice, John Locke

and, at Cadiz (1553) v. 77.
Cavallero, captain of a Maltese

frigate (1586) vi. 51, 52.
Cavallero, Casa del, near Cape

Cantin, x. 281.
Cavalleros, Exarama de los, English

battalion at (1589) vi. 498.
Cavallos, Port of, in Honduras, x.

187; John Chilton in (1570) ix.
367; Miles Philips sails for, from
Spain (1580) IX. 441.

Cavannas harbour, William King at
(1592) X. 192.

Cave, Captain, wounded at the
taking of Lisbon (1589) vi.
501.

Cave, George, captain of the Royal
Exchange (1593) vii. 118; and Las
Cinque Llaguas, vii. 120.

Cave, wind, in Cathay, i. 167.

Cavendish, George, in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, death of (1586) x.
134-

Cavendish, John, of the Maria
Martin (1584) v. 281.

Cavendish, Thomas, of Trimley,
Suffolk (1560-92), South Sea voy-
ages, I. xxviii., X. 164; in Sir
Richard Grenville's expedition to
Virginia (1585) viii. 310; at
Cotesa Island, viii. 311; Sir Rich-
ard Grenville and, viii. 316; and
the Spanish ship from China,
spoiled and burnt (1588) x. 165;
portrait of, xi. iii. ; circumnaviga-
tion of (1586-88) XI. 290-347; and
the m.en left in the Straits of Ma-
gellan by Pedro Sarmiento, xi.273 ;
at Sierra Leone (1586) xi. 291 ; at
Port Desire, xi. 295 ; in the Straits
of Magellan, xi. 298; at Quintero
Bay (1587) XI. 303; ships captured
by (1587) XI. 312; at Puna Island

(1587) XI. 313 f. ; prisoners taken
by (15S7) XI. 322, 327; and the
Cacique of Capul Island (1588) xi.
330; conspiracy against (1588) xi.
331; and the Spanish frigate

(1588) XI. 334; leaves the Philip-
pines (1588) XI. 336; at Java
Major (1588) XI. 337; at S. Helena
Island (1588) XI. 343, 347; letter
from, to Lord Hunsdon (1588) xi.
376-378; map of China brought
home by (1588) xi. 378; last voy-
age of (1591) XI. 389-416; Santos
taken by (1591) xi. 390; in the
Straits of Magellan (1592) xi. 392;
looked for at Port Desire (1592)
XI. 394; departure of, from Ply-
mouth (1591) XI. 397; loss of,
testimonial of the crew of the

179

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Desire cx->nceming- ^,159^) xi. 397;

XII. 2S. 6S-71.
Caverlev, Captain, drowned off

Lisbon (15S0) vi. 31J.
Caven.-, see Ca\-iare.
Caxnare. trade, m. ^67; price of.

Cawo nver. x. 454 : great nver.
discovered by Laurence Ke\Tnis
(1506) X. 490; Sir Walter Raleigh
at"(i597) XI. 5; Ritimo. captain of.
XI. b.

CawTooma. x. 41)4; inland river,
near Aratoori river, x. 465.

Cawroor river, see Cawroora.

Cawroora river, x. 454. 492.

Cawsand Bay. near PhTnouth. the
Richard of Arundel ar. vi. 456;
departure of Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert's expedition from. viii. 41.
47. Sq; Sir Francis Drake and
Sir John Hawkins (1505) x. 226;
Purser, a pirate in. xi. 202.

Cawse. William, prisoner of the
Inquisition, boatswain in a Span-
ish ship (156S) IX. 460.

Caxamalca. pro\"ince in Guiana.
X. 40S.

Caxamalca. Tambo of. in Peru. viii.

Caxamalca town. viii. 05: and
Atabalipa. son of the Emperor of
Peru. X. 340: Atabalipa 's reception
of Francisco Pizarro at. xi. 2S2.

Caycos. see Caicos.

Cayman Islands. William King at
(1592) X. iQi ; Sir -\myas de Pres-
ton at. X. 225 ; in second Ruttier.
314; latitude, x. ^^>; longitude.
X. 336.

Cavmans in the Magdalena river, x.

175- . ^ ^.

Cavo, meaning of. in Biscavan. x.

Ca>"phas. conquered by King Bald-
win (1107) IV. 304.

Cayro. see Cairo.

Cazan. see Kazan.

Cazenove, Captain, lieutenant of
Captain Gourgues' (1567) ix. 100;
at the Spanish attack (156S) ix.
105. loS.

Cecil. Cape, named by Laurence
Ke\Tnis (1596) x. 454; the Di^-

covercr meets Laurence KexTiiis at
(1596) X. 477; Sir Walter Raleigh
at (1597) IX. 5; latitude of. xi.

5-

Cecil, Captain, at the attack on
Cartagena (15S6) x. iiq; death of.
X. 134.

Cecil. Captain VS iliiam, land captain
in Sir Francis Drake's fleet ^1585)
X. 9S.

Cecil. Sir Robert, dedication to. i.
Ixiii.. Ixxiv.. xii. S 1-2 ; and the Ar-
mada (15SS) IV. 217; Sir Walter
Raleigh's letter to (1595) x.
33S-34S ; and Richard Hakluyt,
XII. >5.

Cecil. Sir Thomas, and the Armada
(15SS) IV. 217.

Cecil. Sir William. Lord Burghley.
lord treasurer of England, iii. 429.
VII. 163 ; Boris Feodorowich's letter
to.n1.410: second letter to, 436; his
letter to Boris Feodorowich. 430;
portrait of. iv. iii. ; and Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert (157S) viii. 21 ; letter
from Thoma> James to, concern-
ing the discovery- of Ramea(i59i)
vin. 155 ; and Sir Walter Raleigh
(15S4) Viii. 294. xii. 42 ; and Hak-
luyt. 75.

Cedars in Hochelaga (1535) vm.
22S; found in Virginia (1 5S6) vm.
355. 372; in Florida, x. 57; on
Bermuda Island, x. 201.

Cedars. Isle of. discovered by Cap-
tain Ribault (1562) vrn. 464;
Captain UUoa at (1540) IX. 253,
255. 266; latitude, ix. 262, ^;^6;
one of S. Stephen's Isles, ix. 267;
distance from, to Colima Port. ix.

-J t •
Cedros. Isle de. see Cedars.
Ceffala. discovered by the Portu-
guese. VIII. 12S.
Ceilon. see Ceylon.
Celebes Islands, the Portuguese at.

vm. i2q; Sir Francis Drake near

(1579) XI. 12S.
Celer. Ouintus Metellus. pro-consul

of Gaul, vii. 172.
Celestine and the heresv of Pelagius.

IV. 277.
Celleler, Friar Anthony, of Gallif>oli

^1577) V. 165.

180

INDEX

Celoena, town of, in Phrygia, iv.

i. 89.
Cen, sectaries of Xaquam, in China,

VI. 373-

Census in Iceland (1090) iv. 15, 104.

Centanilla, see Santanilla.

Centurion, Sir Jerome Bowes on the
(1583) III. 464.

Centurion, the, of London, and
Laurence Aldersey (1586) vi. 39.

Centurion, the, and the Spanish
ships (1590) VII. 31, (1591) 35;
boarded by the Spanish ^'^alleys
(1591) VII. 36; victory of the, vii.
37; missing in Robert Flicke's
fleet, vii. 57.

Cephaia, coast of, vii, 115.

Cephalonia Lsland, Venetian posses-
sion, V. 81 ; John Locke near
(1553) V. 102; William Harborne
at (1583) V. 249; fis'ht between
Tripo'.itan and Venetian galleys
(1585) V. 310; Levant Company
in, yi. 75, 77.

Cepusius in Hungary, petrifying
water, iv. 37, 132.

Cerafagio, money of Goa, vi. 19.

Ceremonies and superstitions, in
Russia, II. 236, 265, 423, 428, 442 ;
used in drinking, in Guinea (1557)
VI. 227.

Cerezo, Gongalo, of Mexico, friend
of Robert Tomson (1556) ix. 347;
and the statue of our Lady (1557)
IX. 351-

Ccrgis, see Kirghiz.

Cerigo Island, Menelaus, King of,
V. 250.

Cerkes Mahomet, Chaus, v. 291.

Ceron, see Pepper.

Ceruto, Tiberio, Captain, made
slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.

Cespedes, Don Francisco de, re-
turned from England (1589) vi.

514-

Ceuskalon, or Ceuskala, in India,
description of, iv. 423.

Ceuta in Barbary, iv. 367, 368;
English merchants aid the Portu-
guese conquest of (1415) vi. 121;
conquered by the Portuguese,
viii. 127.

Ceuxima, Omurandono, Lord of, xi.
425; castle built in (1591) xi. 427.

Cevola, in America, vii. 170, viii.
450, IX. 125, 307; Friar Marco de
Nina's voyage to (1539) ix. 125-
144, 148; distance from Vacupa
to, IX. 129; descriplion, ix. 131,
136, 142 ; named El Nuevo Regno
de S. Francisco, by Friar Marco
de Niga (1539) 143; treatment of
Stephen r3orantez by people (1539)
IX. 139; his death, 305; called
Zuny by Indians, 198; Antonio da
Espejo at (15X2)202 ; Captain Alar-
chon's int(;rpr<'ter's description of
the Indians of ( 1540) ix. 299 ; Turks
in, IX. 300; Captain Alarchon's
information about (1540) ix. 303;
Spaniards at, ix. 307.

Ceylon, iv. 420; Friar Odoric at
([330) 420; pearl fishery at, v.
395. 307; description of, 398; cat's-
eyes found in, 399; Ca;sar Fred-
erick in (1563) 441; cotton cloth
from Sinnergan in, v. 485; Raia,
King of (1583) V. 509; court
etiquette, v. 500 f. ; products, v.
501; pearls, v. 504; cinnamon
found in, vi. 24; monsoon from
Goa to, 31 ; the Edward Bonaven-
ture at (1592) 400; discovered by
Portuguese, viii. 128; the Edward
Bonaventure at (1592) x. 196;
Portuguese possession, 487.

Chaccalla, Bay of, Thomas Caven-
dish at (1587) XI. 322.

Chadan, Jagatal's son, i. 74, 167.

Chaday, or Charday, English trade
in. III. 94, 109; English merchants
in, 117.

Chagres river, near Panama, used
for carrying goods (1570) ix. 368;
Andrew Barker at (1576) x. 85;
a danger to Panama, x. 94, 151;
Venta Cruz near, x. 144; forti-
fied (1587) X. 151; latitude of,
x. 155 ; merchandise from Spain
carried up (1587) x. 155.

Chaimawimini, great river, x. 492.

Chaimeragoro river, x. 494.

Chalangi, Ruvia, a dye found in,
VI. 25.

Chaldea, see Irak Arabi.

Challaine, money of Malacca, vi.
22.

Challica Ostriva, islands, iii. 19.

181

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Chaloner, Sir Thomas, voyage to

Algiers (1541) v. 70-71.
Chamberlaine, Edward, merchant in

Alexandria, death (1584) v. 288.
Chamberlaine, Richard, assistant to

the Muscovy Company, 11. 307, iii.

39-
Chamberlaine, Robert, licensed to

trade in Russia (1592) ni. 440.
Chamberlaine, Thomas, on board

the Michael (1577) vii. 285.
Chamberlayne, John, and Augustin

de Villanueva's treason against

Sir John Hawkins (1568) ix. 452.
Chamesis, or Africa, vii. 264.
Chamlets, rate of, in Chios (1569)

V. 114.
Chamois leather, made in New Spain

(1572) IX. 393.
Chamoyce, see Chamois leather.
Champa, city in China, latitude of,

XI. 381.
Champeche, see Campeachy.
Chanceler, Nicholas, merchant, in.

255-

Chanceler, Richard, see Chancellor.

Chancellor, Richard, in the Northern
Ocean, i. xl. ; his voyage to Mos-
cow, xliv; description of the
Golden Castle, 1. ; captain of the
Edward Bonaventure (1553) ii.
206, 209, 213; on Russia, 224-
238 ; his voyage of discovery, 239,
242, 246, 247; his reception by
the Emperor of Russia, 255 ;
Emperor of Russia's letters and,
271; grand pilot (1555) 286, 291,
351; his expedition to Russia,
279; privileges granted to, 280;
Queen Mary's letter and, 282 ;
death of, 352, 379; pilot of the
Edward Bonaventure, ill. 331 ;
drowned off the coast of Scotland,
334; in Roger Bodenham's ex-
pedition to Chios (1551) V. 76; and
Sebastian Cabot, vi. 172 ; his dis-
covery of S. Nicholas in Moscovy,
VII. 164, XII. 22, 23, 97.

Chancellor, Russian, disgrace of,
on Sir Jerome Bowes' account. III.
478; of the Grand Signior, func-
tions of, VI. 66.

Chancelor, Nicholas, sent to Russia
(1560) n. 409

Chancelour, see Chancellor.
Chancery of Puerto Rico, discoveries
of Juan Martinez, seen in, x.

359-
Chancewell of London, the, voyage

of, to Canada (1597) viii. 166;

lost by the Hopewell, viii. 166;

cast away and pillaged on Cape

Breton (1597) viii. 172; Charles

Leigh exacts restitution for, viii.

174.
Chandeau, market in Bengal, v.

483.
Chandeler, John, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 317.
Changlae, the, see Cangle, people

of.
Changle, see Cangle.
Channel, English, the Armada in

the (1588) IV. 210.
Channel, old, mentioned in the

Ruttier, x. 301, 304.
Chanyl, Oktai Khan and, I. 143.
Chaplains in the fleets, 11. 199.
Chaplin Bay, Charles Leigh at,

VIII. 166, 181.
Chapman, George, ' De ^Guiana

Carmen epicum ' by (1596) xii.

97-

Chapman, John and Alice, settlers
in Virginia (1587) viii. 403.

Chapman, Laurence, his voyage into
Persia (1569) iii. 136; at Kazvin
and Tiflis, 137; at Ghilan, 141;
granted Persian privileges, 145 ;
death, 153; Persian trade and,
213.

Chapman, William, mariner on the
Bona Confidentia (1553) ii. 214.

Chappell, Bennet, in Virginia (1585)
viii. 318.

Chappell, John, loses Russian privi-
leges (1569) III. 118; English mer-
chants' goods in Russia and (1591)
427; goods confiscated, 433.

Chapt, Cape du, in Ramea, viii.
152.

Chare Sibersky, Emperor of Siberia
(1584) m. 343.

Charente, river, in Florida, dis-
covered by Captain Ribault, viii.
460.

Charges from Aleppo to Goa, vi.
23-24.

82

INDEX

Chari, nation on the Shurinama, x.
492.

Charibes, see Caribs.

Charing- Cross, hill in West England
or West Frisland, vii. 327.

Charlemagne (742-814) and King
Offa, I. 310/.

Charles, Captain, and Charles Leigh
(1597) VIII. 169; claims, and
treachery of, viii. 170.

Charles V., Emperor, vii. 187;
discoveries under, 11. 164; and
Peter Read at Tunis (1538)
V. 69; his voyage to Algiers
(1541) V. 70, 71 ; meets Ferdi-
nand at Landeck, v. 321; and
Alphonso Ulloa, and the north-
west passages, vii. 187; i?nd
Charles of Chiquola, Indian, vin.
467; and Don Antonio de Men-
doza, viceroy of Mexico, ix. 115;
law for the freedom of Indians
made by, ix. 388; Dr Leigh, am-
bassador to (1527) X. 3; Sir
Walter Raleigh and the exploits
of, X. 346.

Charles, King of France, and John
Erigena (858) iv. 281.

Charles, King of Sicily, at Tunis
(1270) IV. 359.

Charles VIIL, King of France, and
Bartholomew Columbus (1494) vii.
140.

Charles le maigne, see Charle-
magne.

Charles the Great, see Charle-
magne.

Charles, the, of the French fleet
(1591) VIII. 150.

Charlesburg Royal, Jacques Cartier
at (1540) VIII.' 269.

Charles-Fort, built by Captain
Ribault (1562) VIII. 471, 472; gar-
rison of, VIII. 471-484.

Charlotta, daughter of John, King
of Cyprus (1470) v. 125.

Chart by Dee, given to Arthur Pet
and Charles Jackman (1580) in.
263 ; of Guiana by Sir Walter

' Raleigh (1595) x. 365, 385; sea,
by Jacques Cartier (1587) viii. 273.

Charter, of Edward I., i. 43,
46, 49; of England, i. 45;
of Edward I. to the Cinque

Ports, I. 293 f. ; witnesses of
Edward I.'s great, i. 296, 338;
of Henry III.'s, 324; Henry III.
and Edward I.'s, to Cologne, i.
323; of Lubeck (1257) i. 325;
Henry III. and Edward I.'s, to
German merchants, i. 326 ; Ed-
ward I.'s General, i. 333-339;
of Edward II.. i. 353; of
Henry IV., granted to English
of Henry IV., granted to English
merchants (1404) 11. 108 f. ; of
Edward IV., to English mer-
chants (1462) II. 147-158; of the
merchants of Russia (1555) n.
304-316.

Charts by Sebastian Cabot, vii. 171.

Charuas. Bav of, or Guanipa, Cap-
tain Parker's information on
(1595) X. 340.

Chasteaux, see Castles.

Chastillion, see Chatillon.

Chatalet, island, in. 19.

Chatigan, in India, v. 435, v. 438;
products, V. 439; and King of
Aracan, v. 483.

Chatillon, admiral of France, and
James Morgues (1587) viii. 440;
and Captain John Ribault (1562)
VIII. 457; and Captain Ribault's
men left in Florida (1562) ix. i;'
his letter to Laudonniere (1565) ix.

85.
Chatterton, Ralph, merchant on the

Bona Esperanza, 11. 212.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, i. Iv. ; the

'Knight's Prologue' by, 397;

quotation from, xii. 92.
Chaul, cities of, description by

Caesar Frederick (1563) v. 378;

by Ralph Fitch (1583) v. 463, 470,

503; products, V. 378 f., 470;

Galangals found in, vi. 26; and

JVIonsoons, vi. 28, 30.
Chaunis Temoatan, mine of copper

in, VIII. 328; opinion of Youghan

on the copper of, viii. 332 ;

Master Lane and the hills of, ix.

113.
Chauntenay, Peter de, his voyage to

Syria (1240) iv. 352.
Chaus, eaten by a crocodile, v. 237-
Chaveau, Martin, wounded by the

Indians of Dominica (1564) ix. 4.

183

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Chavez, Alonzo and Hieronymo de,
on seamanship, i. xxxv.

Chavez, Hieronymo or Geronimo de,
Spanish Professor of Navig-ation,
XII. 80.

Chawanook, city on the Nomopana
river, viii. 306 ; north west pos-
session of the EngUsh in Virginia,
strength of (1585) viii. 322 ;
Menatonon, King of, and Ralph
Lane, viii. 324 ; river of, viii.

325. 332.
Chazza, money of Malacca, vi. 22.
Chebe Navoloche, Stephen Borough

and (1557) II. 371.
Checherebiche, Sir Amyas de Preston

at (1595) X. 223.
Che-de-Bois, see Cheduba.
Cheduba, Spanish ships at, chasing

Captain Gourgues (1568) ix. no.
Cheesman, William, 'merchant on

the Edward Cotton (1583) vi. 408;

advice to, vi. 410.
Chefe de Boys, Roberval at (1542)

VIII. 283.
Cheinie, Richard, servant to the

Muscovy Company, iii. 38 ; on

the second voyage to Persia (1563)

40.
Cheinies, Sebastian Cabot's geo-
graphical tables at, vii. 194.
Che-Kiang, third shire of China, vi.

295. 350.
Chelim, fifth shire of China, vi.

295-

Chelsey. Cuthbert, mariner of the
Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.

Chemaccus, King, Vasques Nunnes
de Valboa and, viii. 124.

Chemin, John du, faithful to Cap-
tain Laudonniere in Fort Caroline
(1565) IX. 96.

Chenchi, on the Chinese frontier,
description of, vi. 324.

Chenonceau river in Florida, dis-
covered by Captain Ribault (1562)
VIII. 472.

Chepanoc, Indian town in Virginia
(1585) VIII. 322.

Chepstow boat, crew of, saved by
the Hercules (1586) vi. 39.

Chepstow, Earl of, see Strangbow.

Chequeam, or Chequiam, see Che-
Kiang.

Cherbourg, Monville de Hage near,
XI. 384 ; Bountillier of, his report
concerning Eldorado, x, 440.

Cherchisea, town with forty
churches, v. 324.

Chere, La, Captain x^lbert's ill-
treatment (1562) VIII. 482; death,
486.

Cheremisi, see Cheremisses, land
of.

Cheremisses, Tartar tribe of two sorts,
III. 399; land of the, 11. 452, vii.
177; source of the Yug in, 418;
Anthony Jenkinson in, iii. 196.

Cheremizes, see Cheremisses.

Cheremizzi, see Cheremisses, land
of.

Cherente river, see Charente.

Cherilland, see Karelia.

Chermisin, Evan, Tartar merchant
in Russia, 111. 42.

Chernigov, conquered province of
Russia, III. 359.

Cherrepe, xi. 361 ; latitude of, xi.
349; anchorage at, xi. 372.

Cherry, Francis, Prince Boris
Feodorowich's envoy to Sir
Jerome Horsey (1586) in. 347;
bearer of letters from the Emperor
of Russia, 430 ; and William
Turnbull's inheritance, 433; the
letter from Queen Elizabeth, en-
trusted to, 437 ; licensed to trade
in Russia, free from custom,
440.

Cherubin, the, Robert Flicke's skiff
(1591) VII. 57; in a storm off
Flores Island, vii. 58.

Cherubin, the, of Lime, at Yoala
(1591) VII. 95.

Chesapeake, Bay of, colonising in-
tended in, by Sir Walter Raleigh
(1587) vni. 391.

Chesepian, tribe, Northern Virginia
(1585) VIII. 321; allies of Ralph
Lane, viii. 341.

Chesepiok, see Chesapeake.

Chess played in Russia (1568) iii.

133-
Chester, Brian, mariner of the Bona

Confidentia, 11. 214.
Chester, Charles, son of Dominic of

Bristol, in Teneriffe (1574) x.

82.

184

INDEX

Chester, John, son of Sir William,
in Sir John Hawkins's voyage to
Florida (1565) x. 63.

Chester, Sir William, 11. 362 ; joint
owner of the Primrose and the
John Evangelist, 378 ; governor of
the Muscovy Company, iii. 39 ;
Persian privilege granted to (1567)
64; Russian licence granted to,
93, 109; and Persian trade, 212;
his voyage to Guinea (1562) vi.
258 ; and the proposed voyage to
Guinea (1564) vi. 262.

Chester, Earl of, see Glanvile,
Ranulph.

Chester, John, constable of, his
voyage to the Holy Land (12 18)

IV. 349.

Chester, Thomas de, and Prussian

pirates, 11. 60.
Chests of Roan, trade of, in Guinea

(1577) VI. 252.
Chetula. Indian town, tributary to

the King of Spain (1568) ix.

363-
Cheu, name of inferior cities in

China, vi. 351.
Cheven, John, settler in Virginia

(1587) viii. 403.
Cheyne, Vincent, in Virginia (1585)

viii. 318.
Chialo, Christian country in India,

V. 395-

Chiametla, inland town in New
Spain, XI. 323.

Chiametla Islands, see Ciametlan.

Chian or Chaien, High Commis-
sioner or Visitor in China, vi.
2q6 ; duties of, vi. 302 ; Lord
Chief Justice, vi. 310, 363.

Chiana, river and bay, xi. 6.

Chianso, weight of Ormuz, vi.
14.

Chiapa, John Chilton in (1570) ix.

3<59-
Chiapes, King, Vasques Nunnes

and, VIII. 124.
Chiavez, Alonso de, grand pilot

(1586) XI. 448, 453.
Chiavez, Graviel de, in charge of

Pio and Huehuatlan towns, ix.

469.
Chibe Navolocke, S. Nicholas to,

III. 69.

XII

Chichester, Anthony Watson, bishop
of (1596- 1605) I. liv. ; and Richard
Hakluyt, xii. 76.

Chichester, Ralph Neville, bishop
of, witness of Henry III.'s
charter, i. 324.

Chichilticale, latitude of, Vasquez
de Coronado at (1540) ix. 149;
Indians of, their treason against
Stephen Doranez (1540) ix. 162.

Chichimecas Indians, Andrew de
Campo's journey through the
country of (1540) ix. 166; one
taken prisoner by Captain Ulloa
(1539) IX. 217; Juan Castillo and
the, on land (1539) ix. 234; attack
on Captain Ulloa (1539) ix. 236.

Chichimici Indians, attack of, on
Miles Philips and the English
sailors (1568) ix. 410.

Chidley, voyage of, to the Isle of
Trinidad, vi. 403.

Chidley, Cape, discovered by John
Davis (1587) VII. 421.

Chidley, John, fleet of, in the Strait
of Magellan (1589) x. 170; voyage
of, in the Delight (1589) xi. 381-

384.

Chiego, Mount, near the Strait of
Gibraltar, vii. 124.

Chiernisa, Henry Austell at (1585)
V. 323-

Chikino, Turkish monev, v. 294,
428.

Chilao, pearl fishing off the coast
o^. V. 395 ; shoals near, v. 398.

Chilenso, Friar Odoric in (1330) iv.
427.

Chili, province of, description, xi.
274 ; towns in, built by Don Pedro
de Valdivia, xi. 276; subdued
by Don Garcia de Mendoza, xi.
277 ; coast, errors committed in
maps about the, xi. 112; described
by Lopez Vaz, xi. 273 ; soundings
on, XL 355.

Chilili, King, vassal of King Utina
(1564) IX. 21.

Chilily, Captain Laudonniere's en-
voys at (1565) IX. 54.

Chilsiztlahuaca, subject to Com-
astlahuaca, ix. 472.

Chiltham Manor, in Gloucestershire,
I- 45-

85

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Chilton, John, S. Benito of, shown
in Mexico Church, ix. 350; dis-
course on New Spain (1568) ix.
360; ill in Panuco (1572) ix. 371;
and the Indians, ix. 372.

Chilton, Leonard, captain of a Span-
ish ship (1555) IX. 341.

Chimaera, Mount, in Lycia, iv. 26,
118.

Chimera, Cape, in Albania, v. 80.

China, 11. 163 ; or Upper India, Friar
Odoric in, iv. 422 ; idol worship in,
423; Portuguese trade (1567) v.
405 ; products, v. 406 ; King of.
Queen Elizabeth's letter to (1583)
V. 451 ; trade with Malacca, v. 498 ;
with Manilla, xi. 287; King of, v.
499; description and products, vi.
25, 26, 27, 32, 295-327, 348-377.
407 ; aliens forbidden to enter, vii.
195 ; the Portuguese at the ports
of, VIII. 129, x. 487; climate of,
viii. 384; ships thought to come
from, seen from Quivira (1540)
IX. 166 ; map of the coasts
of, engraving of, ix. 336;
products brought to New Spain
(1572) IX. 392, x. 165; pre-
sents to the King of Spain (1570)
IX. 459 ; Benjamin Wood bound
for (1596) XI. 2; map of, brought
home by Thomas Cavendish (1588)
XI. 378; Emperor of, letter from
Queen Elizabeth to (1596) xi. 417-
419, 419-421 ; Quabacondono's vow
to conquer (1590) xi. 422, 423;
kingdom of Korea tributary to, xi.
426.

Chinas, land of, see China.

Chincha, Thomas Cavendish at
(1587) XI. 309.

Chinchon, Santy of, description of,
to Captain Gualle (1584) ix. 333 f,

Chinese, urbanity of, vi. 370.

Chingalayes, see Cingalese.

Chingay, Kaiuk's secretary, i. 173,
176.

Chingis Cham, see Jenghiz Khan.

Chinzu, graduates of the third de-
gree in China, vi. 361.

Chioggia, Genoese war of, vii. 446.

Chios, Jewish spy of Solyman in
(1522) V. 3 ; and the brigantines at,
14; English trade (c. 1511) v. 62;

voyage of the Holy Cross to (1534)
V. 67 ; of the Matthew Gonson
(1535) V. 68; Roger Bodenham's
voyage to (1550) v. 71-76, 168;
trade, Caspar Campion on (1569)
V. hi; products, v. 113; super-
seded by Alexandria, v. 114; taken
by Piali Pasha (1566) v. 122; Bey
of, and William Harborne (1583)
V. 250; commandment for (1584)
V. 286; mastic found in, vi. 26;
description and products of, 42 ;
Richard Wrag at (1594) 107.

Chiozza, surrender of the Genoese
fleet at (1380) xii. 3

Chipanama river, x. 494.

Chiparemai, Caribbean name of the
headless men, x. 465.

Chiparepare, port of Putijma in
Warapana, x. 417.

Chipariparo, town of the Ecawini,
X. 494.

Chipiona, town of Andalusia, near
S, Lucar, x. 324.

Chipping, Edward, in Virginia
(1585) VIII. 318.

Chiquola, King of Florida (1562)
VIII. 466.

Chiquola, Charles of, and Emperor
Charles V., viii. 467.

Chircassi, see Circassia.

Chirkasses, see Circassians.

Chirusta, retinue of the Beglerbeg
of, VI. 67.

Chisani, in Asia, vii. 177.

Chitini, pearl experts, v. 397.

Choanists, tribe in Virginia (1585)
viii. 326; allies of Ralph Lane,
vm. 339.

Chochenillo, see Cochineal.

Chochi Indians and the gold of
Guiana, x. 366.

Chome, a tent in Samoyeda, 11. 348.

Chomin found in Bussorah, vi. 25.

Chondery, King of Serrepore, v.
484.

Choniata, Nicetas, on the English
guard of the Emperors of Con-
stantinople (1177) IV. 311.

Chopra (Copra?) found in Cochin
and Malabar, vi. 25.

Choranca, see Corrensa.

Choranus, ruler in South Russia, in.
357-
86

INDEX

Chos Promontory, in Iceland, iv. lo,

99-
Chrim Tartars, see Crim.
Chrinisin or Chrymson, a silk worm,

III. 401.
Christ Church, Oxford, Hakluyt at

(1570) XII. 78.
Christ, Persian opinion of, iii. 160.
Christal, see Crystal.
Christening of an Indian by Friar

Kaimund (1540) ix. 265.
Christian III., King of Denmark,

and Bishop Jonas Araesonius

(1525) IV. 58, 157; and the Iceland
schools (1588) IV. 60, 159.

Christian IV., King of Denmark,
(1593) IV. i. 89.

Christianity, preaching of, in savage
countries, viii. 98; advantages to
savages (1583) viii. 119; preached
to Indians of Virginia (1586) viii.
379, 443, IX. 294; conversion of
Indians of Jalisco to, ix. 118.

Christians feared by Indians (1540)
IX. 307 f.

Christina, daughter of Edward Iron-
side's son, I. 25.

Christopher, young Japanese taken
prisoner by Thomas Cavendish
(1587) XI. 327.

Christopher, the, of Cadiz, cargo of

(1526) VI. 124.

Christopher, the, voyage of, to
Guinea (1577) vi. 231 ; at Cape
Verde, vi. 237; fight with the
Portuguese, vi. 240; at Weamba,
VI. 242 ; at Mowre, vi. 245 ; loss
of, VI. 251.

Christopher, the, of Dartmouth,
Andrew Barker's ship sent to
Teneriffe (1574) x. 82.

Christopher, the, lost and found at
the Cape of Joy, (1578) xi. 107.

Christopher Campion, the, and the
Levant trade (c. 15 u) v. 62.

Chronicles, manuscript, of Russia,
II. 185; of Iceland, iv. 19, 51, 109,
149; of Genoa, iv. 451; Latin,
by Thomas Walsingham (1415) vi.
121 ; on Sebastian Cabot, by Robert
Fabian, vii. 154; of Spain, by
Siculus Marinaeus, vii. 160 ; Span-
ish, Montezuma's speech quoted
from (c. 1520) viii. 109.

' Chronicon Hierosolymitanum,' iv.

294, 298, 299.
Chuli, Port of, Sir Francis Drake

at, XI. 262.
Chumpin, lieutenant general of the

King of China, vi. 360, 363.
Church Bells, see Bells.
Church, Christian, at Xauquin in

China (1583) vi. 375; in Pegu

(1587) VI. 386; in S. Helena

Island, description of (1588) xi.343.
Church, William, survivor of the

Tohy (1593) VII. 129.
Churches in Russia, 11. 226, 254, 20«,

346, 419, 422, 440; in Jerusalem,

destroyed by Achim, Sultan of

Egypt, IV. 292.
Churchman, Geoffrey, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 318.
Churchyard, John, pilot of the pin-
nace, in John Davys 's third

voyage (1587) vii. 417.
Churl, value of, v. 456.
Chursa, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

322.
Chus, son of Cham, vii. 264.^
Chypanum, in Virginia, weirs of

(1585) VIII. 327; Ralph Lane at,

VIII. 331.
Chyrinen, see Cyrenen.
Cia, great city in the Cumanes, ix.

197.
Ciametlan or Chiametlan Islands,

latitude, xi. 350; distance from

Cape de los Corrientes, 363;

anchorage, xi. 373; Thomas

Cavendish at, xi. 369. ^
Ciawani, or Seawano, kingdom of,

X. 207.
Ciawani, tribe of the Tivitivas In-
dians, X. 382, 423; port of the, x.

384; old pilot of Sir Walter

Raleigh of the, x. 381; procures

relief to the expedition, x. 386;

dismissed and rewarded by Sir

Walter Raleigh, x. 392.
Cibo, harbour in Cape Breton, viii.

174; Charles Leigh's landing at

(1597) VIII. 182.
Cibola, see Cevola.
Cibrilciman, passage of, by Manuel

Comnenus (1177) iv. 316.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, tomb in

Zante, v. 82.

187

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Cicones, petrifying river of the, iv.

37'. 132.

Cicuic, IX. 165 ; description of
natives and wild animals between,
and Quivira, ix. 167.

Ciemana, mentioned in the Ruttier,
XI. 78.

Cienaga, or the Fenne del Roreado,
in Cartagena Harbour, x. 139.

Cieza, Feliciano, de Carvalsho,
governor of Parajua, letter from,
to Philip II. (1597) XI. 64-72; and
the French prisoner (1596) xi. 65;
and Manuel Mascarenhas, xi. 66;
fight between, and Frenchmen
allied to the cannibals of Petiguar
(1597) XI. 68; and the friars of
the S. Antony Monastery (1597)
XI. 70; sentence against, by
the Father Custodio (1597) xi.

71.

Cieza, Pedro de, his works on Peru,
X. 356; religion of the Ingas,
accounts of, by, x. 424.

Cilicia, Alexandretta in, vi. 94.

Cilician Sea, north of Cyprus, v.
124.

Cilicium, see Cilician.

Cimbrians, in Italy and Greece (b.c.)
IV. 269.

Cinnabar or dragon's blood, or ver-
milion, VI. 165; found in Sekotra,
26.

Cinnabaris, see Cinnabar.

Cinceo, in the shire of Fo-kien, vi.
295 ; wealth of, vi. 297.

Cingalese, v. 501.

Cinnamon trees, description of, by
Caesar Frederick, v. 399 ; found
in Ceylon, vi. 24, vi. 169; of
China, vi. 355 ; in Guiana, x. 455 ;
in La Canela, xi. 241.

Cinoper, see Cinnabar.

Cinque Ports, Kentish, i. Ivi. ; ship-
ping of the, I. 42-50 ; warden, 295 ;
King John and the barons of the,
320.

Cinque Llaguas, or Cinquo Cha-
guas, Las, firing and sinking
of, by Captain Nicholas Downton
(1593) VII. 118, 121 ; fight with the
English fleet (1594) vii. 119;
freight for King of Spain, vii.
122.

Cion, John Locke's description of a,

V. 90, 100,

Cipo, river, a tributary of the
Occam, viii. 306.

Ciprian, Portuguese ambassador to
Morocco (1589) VI. 511.

Circassi, see Circassians.

Circassia, war in, iii. 17 ; discovered
by Anthony Jenkinson, 196; Prin-
cess of, 16; Teneruk, King of,

34-
Circassians, or Cherkesses, i. 166;

soldiers in Russian army, 11. 427,

344; description of, 399.
Circle, Arctic, position of Iceland

outside the, iv. 12, loi.
Circui, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

.323-
Circumnavigation of Sir Francis

Drake (1577- 1578) xi. 101-133.
Ciremissi, see Cheremisses, land of.
Cirion, Port, in Pegu, v. 428, 491 ;

Ralph Fitch at, v. 486.
Cisterium, see Citeaux.
Citeaux, France, St. Mary's Abbey,

I. 28.
Cities, seven, voyage of Friar Marco

de Ni^a to the (1539) ix. 130 f.

135 ; hidden by Indian witchcraft,

IX. 382.
Citron Island, Edward Fenton at

(1583) XI. 190.
Citta nova, Henry Austell at (1585)

v. 322.
Ciudad del Don Philippe, see Ciudad

del Rey Philippe.
Ciudad del Rey Philippe, La, men-
tioned in Ruttier, xi. 90; built by

Pedro Sarmiento, in the Straits of

Magellan, xi. 271 ; Thomas

Cavendish at (1587) xi. 298.
Civet-cats, found in Virginia (1586)

vin. 356.
Civita Vecchia, Tom Stukeley at,

XII. 102.
Civitas Palmarum, see Canary.
Civola, see Cevola.
Clairvaux, in France, abbot of,

Richard I.'s letter to (1193) iv.

335-
Clanchinoltepec, Indian town, S.
Augustine Monastery in (1572) ix.

370-
Clara valle, see Clairvaux.

188

INDEX

Clare, Richard de (Strongbow), Earl
of Pembroke, i. 32, 34.

Clare, Cape, see Clear.

Clare, Richard de. Earl of Pem-
broke (d, 1 176), in Ireland, i. 32.

Clarke, Captain John, of Sir Richard
Grenville's voyage to Virginia
(1585) VIII. 310, 316.

Clarke, Captain, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition up the Capuri
river (1595) x. 380 ; sent to Capure-
pana (1595) x. 403.

Clarke, Edward, sent to Arrash, iii.
34; sent on mission, 37; and the
third Persian voyage (1565) 44;
death of, 45.

Clarke, John, in the Moscow fire
(1571) III. 169.

Clarke, Richard, master of the De-
light (1583) VIII. 46, 68; account,
VIII. 85 ; Sir Humphrey Gilbert
and, VIII. 85 ; and Edward Headly,
VIII. 86; S. Laurence river, in
Newfoundland, discovered by,
VIII. 88.

Clarke, J^oger, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75, 78.

Clarocke, John, mariner of the Bona
Confidentia, 11. 214.

Claudia, mother of Francis L, King
of France (1524) viii. 431.

Claudia Island, discovered by John
de Verrazzano (1524) viii. 431.

Clawsten, Simon, of Rostock, 11.

Cleanliness on Cabot's ships, 11.

199.
Clear, Cape, iv. 230 ; Captain Fro-

bisher's fleet at (1578) vii. 325;

the Sunshine at (1586) vii. 413.
Clefs, Erasmus, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.
Clement V., Pope, and Anthony

Beck, patriarch of Jerusalem

(1305) IV. 370.
Clement, Maurice, governor of the

English hospital in Rome (1577) v.

166.
Clement, William, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.
Clement, William, gunner on the

Content (1591) x. 183.
Clements, Joseph, voyage of, to

Constantinople (1575) v. 168.

Clere Cape, see Clear.

Clermont in Auvergne, Council of
(1096) IV. 293.

Clesinine, Andreas Petrowich, comp-
troller of the Emperor of Russia,
III. 414.

Cley, ships from (1395- 1398) 11. 64 f.

Cliff or Barranca, mentioned in Rut-
tier, XI. 98.

Cliffe, Edward, voyage of John
Winter, with Sir Francis Drake,
written by (1577) xi. 148-162.

Clifford, George, Earl of Cumberland
(1558-1603) I. xxviii. ; and the
Armada (1588) iv. 217; and
Christopher Lyster (1586) vi.
294; his ship the Dragon (1591)

VI. 466 ; portrait of, vii. iii. ;
voyage to the Azores (1589) vii.
i; ultimatum to Fayal, vii. 6;
takes Fayal, vii. 7; sufferings,

VII. 26; and Captain Lister's
death, vii. 30; lands at Falmouth,
VII. 30 ; exploits of, by John
Huighen van Linschoten (1589-
91) VII. 62-87; at S. Marie, vii.
65; at Graciosa, vii. 66; prizes,
VII. 67 ; English prisoners, vii.
70 ; ships chasing Spanish car-
racks (1592) VII. no; (1593) 118;
and Lopez Vaz at the River Plate
(1572) X. 75; Spanish fort in
Puerto Rico taken by (1598) x.
162 ; voyage of (1586-1587) written
by John SarracoU, xi. 202-227;
ships of, at Seal Island (1587) xi.
249 ; voyages by, xii. 67.

Clifford, Roger of, witness of Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, i. 296.

Clifford, Sir Alexander, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.

Clifford, Sir Conyers, of the Cadiz
expedition (1596), member of the
council of war, iv. 241 ; at Puente
de Suaco, 250.

Clifford, Sir Nicholas, in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, wounded at Puerto
Rico (1595) X. 230.

Clifford, the bark, Christopher
Lister, captain of (1586) xi. 202.

Clifton, Will, assistant to the Mus-
covy Company (1555) 11. 307.

Climate, extremes of, 11. 178; of
Africa, vi. 176 ; of Japan, vi. 333 ;

189

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

of Benin, vi. 457, 465 ; of Guiana,
X. 426, XI. 13 ; of Maio Island, xi.
104; at the Equinoctial, xi. 153.

Clitarchus on the Mandri, a people
of India, iv. 84, 189.

Clito Edgar, son of Edward, Ed-
mund Ironside's son, i. 25.

Clodi, people of the east of Africa,
VI. 169.

Cloth, customs on, Edward I.'s
charter, i. 337 ; Prussian law
about, II. 52 ; heavy customs on,
74 f. ; Flemish, 116, 125; Dutch,
277 f. ; made in Russia (1557)
Poland and Lithuania, 383; Lon-
don, in demand in Persia, iii. 55 ;
Armenians and, 57; Shah of
Persia and, 67; for export, 90;
markets, 148 ; Persian dyeing of,
249 ; English, best in the world
(1582) V. 232; Richard Hakluyt's
directions about, v. 231, 233;
painted, made in S. Thomas, in
India, v. 402 ; sold in Pegu, v.
427, 491 ; cotton, made in Ben-
ares, V. 476; in Patna, v. 481;
in Sinnergan, v. 485 ; Tellami,
made in Coromandel, vi. 31 ; made
of the bark of trees, vi. 184 ; trade
in Guinea (1556) vi. 207, 209, 224,
252; for Benin (1589) vi. 456, 467;
from Benin, vi. 457; English trade
in America (1583) viii. 140; worn
in China, x. 165.

Cloth workers, master and wardens
of the. III. 90.

Cloves, found in the Moluccas, Ter-
nate, Amboyna, vi. 24.

Clovesten, Simon, Hanse messenger,
II. 55.

Clusen, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

Clusius, Carolus, and the importa-
tion of tulips, V. 241.

Cneius Pompeius, example of, iv.
2, 90.

Coaca Indians, and the gold of
Guiana, x. 366.

Coaches, in Pegu, or Delingeyes, v.
486.

Coadera Cape, Sir Anthony Sherley
at (1596) X. 272.

Coama near Cevola, ix. 300; Cap-
tain Alarchon at (1540) ix. 314.

Coanawini river, mentioned by Laur-
ence Keymis (1596) x. 454.

Coanchefu, see Canton.

Coansi, see Kwang-si.

Coantum, see Canton.

Coasts to be described by English
discover«»'<^ (1588) iii. 123; maps
of newly discovered, 260.

Cobre, Sierras del, in Cuba, S. lago
harbour at, x. 285 ; in second Rut-
tier, X. 313.

Cocahulapa, a mansion of Ometepee,
IX. 467.

Coche Califay, Keeper of the Seal in
Persia, iii. 145.

Coche Island, Sir Amyas de Preston's
captures on (1595) x. 216.

Cocheneal, see Cochineal.

Cochin, lading port for Portugal, v.
381 ; Caesar Frederick's voyage to
(1567) V. 390, 412 ; description, v.
392-394; Ralph Fitch at (c. 1583)

V. 501 ; King of, v. 502 ; King of,
and the custom on horses, vi. 16;
weight, measure, and money, vi.
21; pepper gawrie, etc., vi. 24;
wild sandal, vi. 25 ; folium indi-
cum, VI. 27; Monsoon, vi. 31;
Friar Peter at (1587) vi. 385; dis-
covered by the Portuguese, viii.
128.

Cochin-China, aloes trade in, v.
407, 504 ; discovered before China,

VI. 315; near China, vi. 324;
port of, XI. 381.

Cochineal found in West Indies, vi.
27 ; in captured ships, vii. 59, 60,
66; in Mexico, ix. 358, 363; at
Puebla de los Angeles, ix. 360 ; in
Honduras, ix. 367; in Tlaxcalla,
IX. 380.

Cochinilla, see Cochineal.

Cocke, Abraham, captain of the
Earl of Cumberland's fleet (1592)

VII. 112.

Cocke, Abraham, and John Noyer
(1595) XI. 53.

Cocke, Abraham, formerly of the
Minion of London, and Robert
Withrington (1587) xi. 208.

Cocke, captain of the Roebuck (1591)
XI. 389; at the taking of Santos
(1591) XI. 390; distress of, xi.
391-

190

INDEX

Cocke, William, of the Solomon

(1584) V. 281.
Cockeram, Martin, of Plymouth,

hostage for the King of Brazil

(1530-32) XI. 24.
Cocknedge, Henry, English mer-
chant at Moscow (1575) III. 197.
Cocks, John, gunner on the Edward

Bonaventure (1553) il. 213.
Cocks, Richard, unlicenced English

merchant in Russia (1591) m. 426.
Coco, Barnardino, Captain, made

slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.
Coco, see Palms.
Cocoa, taken at Aguatulco by

Thomas Candish (1587) xi. 320.
Cocos-trees, see Palms.
Cocten, see Cocthen.
Cocthen, Oktai's son, i. 74, 150.
Cod fishing by the Moonlight's crew

(1586) vii. 406; by John Davis,

VII. 443; in Newfoundland (1578)

VIII. 10; off Cape Race, viii. 62;
near Cape Breton (1593) viii. 160;
near Assumption Island (1594)
viTi. 164.

Codo, measure of Ormuz, vi. 15.
Coelio, Duarte, captain in Pernam-

buco, XI. 249.
Coelus, King of Britain, iv. 271.
Cogi, AH, captain of the King of

Samorin, v. 503,
Cog, the, of Norway, i. 322.
Cogge, the, of Hull, 11. 61.
Coholia, tops of the sugar canes, vi.

128.
Coia, university in Japan, vi. 331;

story of founder, vi. 339.
Coiat, the Nestorian, i. 261, 263,

264 f.
Coimbra, Bishop of, and Thomas

Stukeley (1578) vi. 294.
Coin, Shah of Persia's offering to

Mahomet in English (1569) iii.

152; of S. Domingo (1555) ix.

343-
Coins, weights and measures, used
in Russia, by John Hasse, 11. 273,
294; tested by the Muscovy Com-
pany (1557) 383; in Bokhara, 471;
English merchants in Russia and
their own, iii. 116; commemora-
tive, of Zeeland (1588) iv. 232; of
Holland, iv. 233.

Coirama river, tributary of the Ori-
noco river, x. 420.

Cola, in Africa, Anthony Jenkinson
at. III. 195.

Colan or Asses, i. 281.

Colchester, ships from, in Edward
ni.'s fleet, I. 299; ship from
(1398) II. 62.

Cole, Alexander, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Cole, Humphrey, preacher, member
of Sir Jerome Bowes, embassy
(1583) III. 316, 323, 464.

Cole, James, musician, of the Sun-
shine of London (1585) vii. 382.

Cole, Master, and the second voyage
to Barbary (1552) vi. 138.

Cole, Peter, of Zeeland, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 67.

Colein, see Cologne.

Colem, see Cologne.

Coleman, Robert, death of, in Roan-
oake (1590) viii. 416.

Colgoieve, see Kolguev.

Colima, see S. lago de Colima.

Collier, James, condemned to the
galleys by the Inquisition in
Mexico (1575) IX. 428; seeks for
Panuco, joins Anthony Godard
(1568) IX. 456.

Collins, David, called in council by
Robert Withrington (1587) xi. 211.

Collom, town, 11. 449.

Colm, devastated by infidels, 11. 2.

Colmack, see Kalmucks,

Colmagro, see Kholmogory.

Colman, Thomas, and Mrs, settlers
in Virginia (1587) viii. 402, 403.

Colmax, and Anthony Jenkinson, on
the north-west passage, vii. 183.

Colmogorod, see Kholmogory.

Colmagro, see Kholmogory.

Colobone's journey to Lampas(i558)

n- 394-
Cologne II. 129; Tartars' intended

voyage to, i. 54; Henry III. and

merchants of, 323 ; bishop of, in

Prussia, 11. 3 ; Laurence Aldersey

at, II. 202, 214.
Colombo, city of, in Ceylon Island,

V. 398; Portuguese fort in Ceylon,

V. 500.
Colon, see Columbus.
Colona and the Tartars, i. 86.

191

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Colonia, see Cologne.

Colonising, advice about, by Richard

Hakluyt (1578) vii. 244-250; plan

for, of Sidney and Raleigh, xii.

86.
Colonna, Prince Vespasian Gon-

zaga, lieutenant of Valencia, and

John Foxe (1577) v. 167.
Colony, first Spanish, planted on

Buenos Aires river by Don Pedro

de Mendoza, xi. 98.
Coloquintida, found in Cyprus, vi.

26.
Colossus Solis at Rhodes, v. 119.
Colours for painting Indians, x.

57-

Colsi, Matteo, hostage to Mustafa
Pasha (1571) V. 144.

Colt, Christopher, English mer-
chant in Lapland (1575) ni. 197,
200.

Colthirst, Henry, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Columba, see Colombo.

Columbus, Bartholomew, sent bv
his brother to Henry VH. (1488)
vn. 137, 139 ; his map, vii. 137 ;
verses by, vii. 138; meets Chris-
topher at Hispaniola, vii. 139 ;
and Henry VH., xii. 5.

Columbus, Christopher, i. xii. ; and
Henry VH., xxvi. f. ; and Henry
VH. (1488) VII. 135, 137,
VIII. 94; and the name Colon
de Terra Rubra, vii. 138 ;
and Bartholomew Columbus at
Hispaniola, vii. 139; discovery of
America (1492) vii. 161, 464, viii.
449; and the geography of the
West Indies, vii. 188; conquests,
VIII. no; Elizabeth or Isabella,
Queen of Castile, and, viii. 442 ;
story of, XII. 4 sq.

Columbus, Diego, son of Christo-
pher (1494) VII. 140; 'Life and
Deeds of Christopher Columbus '
by, vn. 135, 139.

Columbus, Fernando, vii. 140.

Comana, i. 70; division of, 71.

Comanamo town. Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1597) xi. 7.

Comani Brutachi, Tartars and, i.
86. 166.

Comania, i. 89, 163, 166; Tartars
conquer, 86, 153 ; John de Piano
Carpini in, i. 94; Tushi Khan and,
146; description, 166; language
of, spoken by Saracens, i. 152.

Comanians, and Bathy, i. 76, 77;
their country conquered by the
Tartars, 233 ; or Capthac, 255,
256; graves of the, 248, 250, 256;
original country of, 261.

Comastlahuaca, town of Suchistla-
huaca, ix. 472.

Combant, Mery, bailiff de la Moree,
knight of Rhodes (1522) v. 31.

Combe, the Grace at (1594) viii.

Combe, William, intended murder

of, by Captain Hawlse (1589) xi.

388.
Combendaxis, founder of Coia, and

Micozu, the great learned man of

Japan, vi. 339.
Comet seen (1098) i. 28; (1166) 32;

seen in Virginia (1586) viii. 382.
Comfort, Cape, Stephen Borough at

(1557) n- 368, 370.
Command, the, at Porto d'Ally, vii.

94.
Commandments of Murad Khan, in

favour of English merchants

(1584) v. 285-291.
Commelski, distance from Vologda

to, II. 420.
'Commentary, Brief, on Iceland,' by

Arngrimus Jonas, iv. 1-88; Eng-
lish, 89-194.
Commenus, Alexius, and John, son

of, IV. 310.
Commenus, Manuel, Emperor of

Constantinople, his letter to Henry

II. (1177) IV. 312-315, IV. 315-

319-

Commerce, under King Alfred, i.
12; under Edgar, 20; foreign, at
the time of King Offa, 311; at
the time of Edward, 333 ; anti-
quity of, between England and
Norway, 348 ; English, hindered
by customs, 352.

Commercial relations between Eng-
land and Prussia (1403) 11. 38-46;
(1405) 47-55; (1408) 87-90, 91-95,
95-106; between England and
Persia (1561) ill. 7.

192

INDEX

Cominges, see Commlnges.

Comminges, ix. 103.

Commission of Queen Elizabeth to
Sir Jerome Bowes (1583) iii. 308-
310, 310-31 1 ; of the King of Spain
to the Corrigidor of Biscay con-
cerning EngUsh ships (1585) vi.
417.

Commons of Rhodes, refuse to sur-
render (1522) V. 51; abandon
their posts, v. 53.

Como, see Comum.

Comori, see Comorin.

Comorin, Cape, v. 501 ; vi. 394,
Ccesar Frederick's voyage to, v.
395; pearl fishing, v. 395; mon-
soon from Goa to, vi. 29 ; the
Edward Bonaventure at (1592) vi.

395-

Comoro Island, Edward Bonaven-
ture at (1591) VI. 390, X. 195;
William Mace and thirty-two
sailors slain at, vi. 392.

Comorom, people of, 11. 482,

Compass, William Borough on
(1578) III. 211 ; variations in Astra-
khan of the, 220 ; variations of the
needle, 279 ; variations of the, vi.
162, 380; variation of our, xi.
366.

Complexions, causes of the differ-
ences of, VII. 262 ff.

Compostela in Mexico, Vasquez de
Coronado's letters from (1538) ix.
120; Friar Marco de Ni^a at
(1539) IX. 144.

Comul, discovered by Anthony Jen-
kinson, iii. 196.

Comum, ancient town of, in Persia,
IV. 410.

Concepcion, La, or Penco, xi. 261,
276 ; flight of the Spaniards from,
XI. 277; description, xi. 278; Bay,
the Swallow meets the Golden
Hind in (1583) viii. 50; Thomas
Cavendish at (1587) xi. 303, 368;
latitude, xi. 358; from to Val-
paraiso, XII. 360; anchorage, xi.

372.

Conception, the, Spanish prize of
Robert Flicke (1591) vii. 59.

Conception town, see Concepcion.

Conchos, Indians, and Friar Augus-
tine Ruyz (1581) IX. 186; descrip-

tion, IX. 189; and Antonio de

Espejo's expedition (1582) ix. 189.
Conchos River, Antonio de Espejo

at the (1583) IX. 203.
Concord, the, in Morocco (1594) vii.

100.
Concord, the, of Sir Francis Drake's

fleet, in the fight with the Spanish

fleet (1596) X. 242.
Condora, conquered province of

Russia, III. 359.
Cone, town on the Sala, v. 321.
Conell, Bay of, mentioned in second

Ruttier, x. 330,
Conference, Indian, described by

Laurence Keymis (1596) x. 464.
Conferrent, Bertrand, captain of the

mutineers in Fort Caroline (1564)

IX. 42.
Confidentia, the, iii. 331.
Confiscations, English merchants',

in the Netherlands, 11. 154.
Confu, ninth shire of China, vi. 296.
Confucius, doctrine of, vi. 372.
Conger, Nicholas, Lord Warwick's

footman, and the two natives of

Hall's Island (1577) vii. 294.
Congo, discovered by the Portu-
guese, VIII. 127.
Congoes, negroes of " this side the

Cape of Good Hope " (1564) x.

15.

Comes, see Rabbits.

Con Khan, and the French, i. 266.

Connock, William, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition up the
Capuri river (1595) x. 380; sent
to find mineral stones (1595) x.

403-
Conquerabia, see Puerto de los

Espagnoles.
Conrad II., Emperor of Germany,

privileges granted by, i. 313 f.
Conrad III., Emperor of Germany,

in the Holy Land (1147) iv. 309.
Conrad ab Ellerichshausen, twenty-
seventh master of the Dutch

knights, II. 8.
Conrad a Feuchtuvang, tenth

master of the Dutch knights, 11.

5-
Conrad a Jungingen, twenty-second
master of the Dutch knights, 11.

7.

193

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Conrad, Landgrave, fifth master of
the Dutch knights (1240) 11. 2.

Conrad, Marquess, and the dxy of
Acre (1191) IV. 533; death of

("93) i^'- 337-
Conrad of the borough of Gastal-

dion, and Friar Odoric's death

(133 1) IV. 444.
Conrad \\ alenrod, twent}'-first

master of the Dutch knights, n.

Conrad Zolner of Roten stein.
Twentieth master of the Dutch
knights, II. 7.

Consentinum, John Rufus, arch-
bishop of, VII. 160.

Conspiracy, Prussian, against the
Christians, 11. 3 f. ; against
Andrew Barker, in S. Francisco
Island (1576; X. 86.

Constable, Marmaduke, in Virginia
(1585) VIII. 318.

Constance, Council of, Bishop of
Winchester at (1417) iv. 455.

Constantina, town in Tunis (1553)
VI. 143.

Constantine, Emperor, in league
with Vladimir Monomachos, 11.
185.

Constantine the Great, son of
Helena, iv. 271 ; conquests of,
VIII. 105, 106.

Constantinople, I. 163, 166, 230,
231, 232; letters of the Em-
peror to Scacati, 250, 252 ;
English wares in, iii. 13; Nor-
mandy pilgrims at (1064) iv. 291 ;
Emperor of, his visit to England
(1400; IV. 454; William Malim at
(1564) v. 121; William Harborne's
arrival at ^1578) v. 169; (^1583)
251; list by Richard Hakluyt of
dyeing materials to be got in
(1582) V. 229; plan of, engrav-
ing of, 256; Henr>' Austell at
(1584) V. 324; rock alum found in,
VI. 25 ; Calamus aromaticus
found in. vi. 27; the Toby bound
for (15S6) VI. 48; William Har-
borne leaves (1588; vi. 58; voyage
of Richard Wrag to (1593-95) vi.
04-113; the Ascension at the Seven
Towers in, vi. 95 ; description
(1594) VI. 105; Straits of, in

Thome's map, 11. 170; English
ambassador at, xii. 102.
Constantius Chlorus, and Helena,

IV. 271; died at York, iv. 272.
Consul chosen by English mer-
chants in Turkey (1580) 188;
English, for Alexandria and
Cairo, Harvie Millers (1583) v.
259 ; Richard Forster, for Aleppo,
etc., V. 260.

Consuls, of the Muscovy Company,

II. 306 f., III. 84; English, at

Aleppo, VI, 9.
Consultation House or Town House

in the towns of the Sapies, in

Guinea (1564) x. 19.
Contarenus on the Mediterranean

Sea, VII. 167; on the north-west

passage, vii. 183.
Contas, Rio das, mentioned in the

Ruttier, xi. 78.
Conte, Pietro, captain of Montal-

berto, at the defence of Fama-

gusta (1571) V. 133, 135; wounded,

V. 136; made slave, v. 151.
Conte, Porto de, in Cephalonia, v.

249.

Content, the, Sir George Carey's
ship, valiant fight of (1591) x, 179-
i»3.

Content, the, ship of James Lan-
caster (1594) XI. 43.

Content, the, Thom.as Cavendish's
ship (1586) XI. 290; Master Brewer
in, XI. 291; wine found by (1587)
XI. 308; loss of (1587) XI. 310,
327; graved at Puna Island (1587)
XI. 318; meets the Santa Anna
(1587) XI. 324; mutiny in, xi.
326.

Conterenus, see Contarenus.

Contomanni, the, i. 284.

Contractation House or Exchange,
at Seville, English prisoners sent
to the (1570J IX. 463; regulations
of, for Spanish ships and mariners,
XI. 443 f, ; XII. 80.

Contribution, voluntary, advised to-
wards maintenance of English
army C1589) vi. 522.

Controller, of the Emperor of
Russia (1588) III. 414; of the
Turkish Household or Sisinghir
Pasha, pay of, vi. 62.

194

INDEX

Contursia. see Ursence. C

Conway, Sir Edward, knighted at
Cadiz (1506) IV. 250.

Cooke, Captain, and the Moonlight C
(1500) viii. 411; at Roanoke
Island. VIII. 414 t". C

Cooke, Edward, otT Gomera (1567)
VI. 260.

Cooke, John, and the Indians of
Panuco (1568) IX. 456.

Cooke. John, ' The World Encom-
passed ' by. XII. 50, note.

Cooke, Robert, condemned by the
Inquisition in Mexico to serve in
a monastery (1575) ix. 42S, 430;
married a negro woman, ix. 431.

Cooke, Sir Anthony, knighted at
Cadiz (15^6) IV. 250.

Coonoracki, nation of the Waipoco.

X. 4QO.

Cooparoore. town of the Moruga. x.

404.
Cooper. Captain, killed at Puente C

de Burgos (15S0) vi. 403.
Cooper, Christopher, assistant to the C

governor of Virginia (15S7') \in.

Cooper, Henry, killed by Indians,

on Puna Island (1587) xi. 31S. C

Cooper, Richard, of Harwich, his

prizes (15S0) \i. 437. C

Cooper, \\'iUiatn, ship's master, his

prizes (15S0) vi. 437. C

Coopers sent to Russia (1557) 11.

3S7; on the Marigold (i^oO vm.

Cooshepwlnne river. Sir Walter C
Raleigh at (1507) xi. 7. C

Coote, John, of Wiveton and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. ^6.

Coowini river, x. 404. C

Copal, La grande, town in Florida,
VIII. 46O, IX. 112, 113.

Copalita river, Thomas Cavendish at
anchor at (15S7) xi. 310.

Copaoba, silver mine found at. bv C
Daurmigas (1507) XI. 07. C

Cope. William, i. xxx.

Copella. Indian town, Spanish C
search for (1572) ix. 3S3. C

Copenhagen or Hafnia. university
of (15S5) IV. 43. 130.

Cophantrus, mount in Ractria. iv. C
20, uS.

»9S

opiapo in Chili, xi. 274; port, xi.
27S; latitude of. xi. 35S; from, to
Morro Moreno, xi. 3t>o.
oppeleto Bav to Ag"uatulco. xi.

opper. custom on. Edward I.'s
charter, i. 337; Russian, 11. 3S2 ;
found in Newfoundland, by Sebas-
tian Cabot, VII. 153: in the land
discovered by John Davys (15S0)

VII. 3C)S ; mines in Newfoundland
(157S) VIII. 15, 60; red, found in
Sagfuenay, viii, 214, 237. 245;
knife given to Donnaconna (1530)

VIII. 25S; mine in Chaunis Temo-
aton.viii. 32S ; Youghan's opinion
on, VIII. 332 ; found in Virginia
(15S6) VIII. 350; preferred to gold
by Indians of Florida (1524) viii.
433; found in Florida, vni. 437,
452, X. 58; in Cuba, x. itx>; coins,
in Hispaniola, x. 115.

oppersmiths of London, ship of
the, otT Gomera (l5^7) vi. 20^).

opstone. Francis, distress of. at
Port Desire (1502I xi. 300.

opstow, Engiisli sailor, tortured
by the Spaniards (1508) ix. 407.

opyhold, reversion of the (15S0)
vi'. 523.

oquebacoa. latitude of. moiitioned
by the Rut tier. x. 2S7

oquimbo. xi. 30x1 ; Sir Francis
Drake at (1578) xi. 114, 201 ; lati-
tude of. XI. 2t)i, 27S, 340; or
\'illanueva de la Serena, xi. 271.

ora*;ao, see Curav^ao.

oracones. N'alle de los. near
Cuhiacoun. ix. 124. 127; Vasquez
de Coronado at (1540) ix. 147.

oral, at the Cape of Good Hope,
VI. 382; of Levant, found in
Malabar. \ i. 25; blue, in Guinea
(1577) VI. 252; white, found near
Frisland. vii. 280.

oralles, see Corrals.

orallina, from the Red Sea. vi.

2t>.

orasan. see Khorassan.
orbara. James of, Conte. made
slave at Famagust.i U>r>^ ^■•

orbet. Sir Miles, knighted at Cadi/
(1500) IV. 250.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Corbett, Julian, * Drake and the
Tudor Navy,' by, xii. 46.

Corchio in Spain, x. 164.

Corcunia found in India, vi. 25.

Corcyra, see Corfu.

Cordal, see Cordall.

Cordall, owner of the Centurion
(1590) vn. 31.

Cordall, Master, Robert Flicke's re-
port to (1591) VII. 56.

Cordall, Thomas, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 74, 75, 78.

Cordova, birth-place of Antonio de
Espejo, IX. 188.

Cordova, in Tucuman, xi. 285.

Cords, used as means of defence for
a town in Guinea (1557) vi. 227.

Cordua, Don Pedro de, and English
prisoners (1596) iv. 266.

Coray, see Korea.

Corea, see Korea.

Corea, Cape, in Africa, Captain
Don John in (1555) vi. 160.

Corelia, see Karelia.

Corfu, John Locke at (1553) v. 81 ;
description, v. 102 ; Querini, cap-
tain of, V. 123 ; Laurence Aldersey
near (1581) v. 244.

Corinth, river of, Cardan's account
of, IV. 37, 132 ; gulf of, VII.
161.

Corinth raisins, trade restricted
to Levant Company (1592) vi. 84,
86.

Corinthiacus, see Corinth.

Coritine river, Sir Walter Raleigh
at (1597) XI. 10, 15; Spaniards
at, XI. 12.

Cormantin, vi. 260; English ships
at (1577) VI. 245.

Cormorants, Isle of, the Bonaven-
tiire at (1591) viii. 154; in New-
foundland (1594) viii. 164.

Corn, dearth in England, i. 315;
duty on, in Edward I.'s charter,
337; dearth in Russia (1572) iii.
185 ; in Alexandria, vi. 36 ; in
China, vi. 357.

Corna Castle, see Kurna.

Cornaro family, in Venice, and the
kingdom of Cyprus, v. 96; Cath-
erine, daughter of Marco, marries
James, bishop of Nicosia, v.
126.

Cornelius, the Irishman, burnt to
death by the Inquisition in Mexico
(1575) IX. 428.

Cornelius Nepos and Pliny, vii. 172.

Cornewal, see Cornwall.

Cornibotz, see Esurgny.

Cornish, John, and the sailors of Sir
John Hawkins landed near Pan-
uco, killed by an Indian (1568) ix.

455-

Cornish, Robert, musician, of the
Sunshine of London (1585) vii.
3S2.

Cornish, William, ship's master
(1586) VI. 437.

Cornwaile, Thomas, of Colchester,
and Prussian pirates, 11. 63.

Cornwall, Richard, Earl of, i. 325 ;
voyage to Syria (1240) iv. 352.

Cornwall and Devon, Sheriff of,
King John and, i. 320.

Coro, or Coros, Sir Amyas de Pres-
ton at (1595) x. 223; death of
Captain Prowse at, x. 223 ; taken
and burnt by Sir Amyas de Pres-
ton (1593) X. 224, 341.

Corolla, Don Antonio de, and Eng-
lish prisoners (1596) iv. 266.

Coromandel, coast, v. 398; city of
S. Thomas on, v. 408; Tellami
cloth made in, vi, 31.

Coron, see Korone.

Coronado, Francisco Vasques de, see
Vasquez.

Coronation of Feodor Ivanowich,
Emperor of Russia (1584) iii. 336-
345 ; of Russian Emperors, account
of, by Giles Fletcher (1588) 374-
376.

Coronto, Grana found in, vi. 27.

Corpus Christi Bay, Stephen
Borough's description of (1556)11.
325 f. ; point, 367, 368.

Corrals or hog-houses in Mexico, x.
192.

Corrants, see Currants.

Corre, fish in Newfoundland, viii.
49.

Corrensa, Duke of Tartary, i. 74,
150, 161 ; John de Piano Carpini
and, 162 f., 165; papal legates
return to the court of, 178 f.

Corrientes, Cape dos, in Africa,
storm at (1591) vi. 390.

96

INDEX

Corrientes, Cape de, in Cuba, x.
286, 293, 315, 321, 333, 336, 337;
Sir George Carey at (1591) x. 178;
William King at (1592) x. 192;
Sir Amyas de Preston at (1595) x.
225 ; Sir Thomas Baskerville at
(1596) X. 243; Sir Anthony Sher-
lev and Captain Parker at (1597)
x.' 274.

Corrientes, El Cabo de los, in
Mexico, XI. 363 ; latitude, ix. 336,
XI. 350.

Corrigidor, of Biscay, and the Prim-
rose (1585) VI. 413, 416, 417.

Corsaries, see Corsairs.

Corsairs or pirates, Russian, and
English ships, n. 60, 67 ; in the
Indian Ocean (c. 1563) v.

377.

Corsale, Andrew, discoveries of
(1497-15 10) VIII. 128.

Corterialis, and the North-west pass-
age, VII. 179, 181, 188.

Cortes, Hernando, see Cortez.

Cortes, John, sent to Guatemala to
fight the English (1580) ix.

433-
Corteso, Juan, at the Amazon river,

X. 496.
Cortez, Hernando, and the conquest

of Mexico, VIII. 95, no; and

Montezuma's oration (c. 1520)

VIII. 108; conquest of Cuba and
Acuzamil, viii. 124; and Don An-
tonio de Mendoza, viceroy of
Mexico, IX. 115; expeditions of
discovery by, ix. 121 ; his reverse,

IX. 122 ; conquest of Mexico and
return to Spain, ix. 356; in
Tescuco, IX, 363.

Cortise, Robert, master of the May
Flower (1566) vi. 266, 270; letter
from, to the head officer of Santa
Cruz, VI. 267.

Cortreight, see Courtrai.

Corugna, captures of William King
at (1592) X. 192.

Corunna, Bay of, or the Groyne of
Galicia, iv. 209, 210 ; Spanish fleet
at, VI. 472 ; stores at, 482 ; Eng-
lish army at, 483, 494; Don Alonso
de Ba^an at (1590) vii. 77.

Corunna, Conde de, viceroy of New
Spain, and undiscovered countries

(1581) IX. 187 ; account of the voy-
age of Antonio de Espejo sent to
(1583) IX. 204.

Corvo, Isle of, vi. 280, 456, 466,
latitude of, vi. 162, x. 299, 334;
Indian Spanish fleet near (1591)
VII. 55 ; English fleet sent to (1591)
VII. 56; ships at (1589) VII. 62;
caravel from, brings tidings to
Terceira (1590) vii. 76; an armada
at (1591) VII. 80; the Marigold at
(1593) VIII. 160; John White at
(1587) VIII. 400; (1590) 420; Sir
Robert Dudley at (1595) x. 210;
Sir Thomas Baskerville at (1596)
X. 245 ; Sir Walter Raleigh at
(1597) XI. 15; Thomas Cavendish
at (158S) XI. 347, 371.

Cos, see Lango.

Coscaynos, Stephen Borough at

(1557) n- 363-

Cosmas, ' Universal Christian Topo-
graphy,' by, XII. 10.

Cosmas, kindness of, to papal
legates, i. 176.

Cosmin, harbour in Pegu, v. 428,
429; Ralph Fitch in, (c. 1583) v.
485 ' 500.

Cosmographer, a perfect, a Cosmo-
polite, I. 16.

* Cosmography,' by Abilfada Ismael,
V. 452.

Cosmus, young Japanese, taken
prisoner by Thomas Cavendish
(1587) XI. 327.

Cossacks, III. 156; and English
merchants (1573) iii. 155; and
Persians, iii, 156; or barkmen,
III. 215; Polish thieves and Murad
Khan, vi. 72.

Cossin river, iii. 409.

Ccssine, native of Virginia, follow-
ing Ralph Lane (1585) viii. 335.

Costa, Francisco de, deceitfulness
towards negroes (1590) vii. 94;
towards English (1591) vii. 97.

Costa Rica, between Panama and
New Spain, xi. 287; John Chilton
in (1570) IX. 366.

Costly, the, of Robert Flicke's fleet
(1591) VII. 97.

Costo Dulce found in Scinde and
Cambay, vi. 25.

Costrom, see Kostromo.

197

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Costromitskey, Sheray, and Henry

Lane (1560) 11. 411.
Costrum, see Kostromo.
Coswig, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327.
Cotamaluc, King of the Moors, at

the sack of Bezeneger (1567) v,

382.
Cotesa, Island, Sir Richard Gren-

ville at (1585) vin. 311.
Cotoche, Cape de, see Catoche.
Cotsmur, John, settler in Virginia

(1587) vni. 402.
Cotta, King of, in Ceylon, v. 399.
Cottea, John White at (1587) vni.

388.
Cotteswold, borrowers in, 11. 125,

127.
Cotton, Captain, death of, xi. 61.
Cotton, Edward, of Southampton

voyage of (1583) vi. 408-410; his

information concerning the voyage

of Pudsey to Baya de todos los

Santos (1542) XI. 25.
Cotton, Randolph, captain of Adrian

Gilbert's bark (1591) xi. 389; in

the Desire, xi. 391 ; distress of, at

Port Desire (1592) xi. 399; in Pen-
guin Isle (1592) XI. 408.
Cotton, Master, in Edward Fenton's

voyage (1582) xi. 182.
Cotton, trade in, in the West Indies,

X. 376; found in Guiana, x. 426,

458; trees in Puna Island, xi.

316.
Cotton wool, found in Guiana, xi.

14.
Couch Kaly, see Jerusalem.
Couche or Quicheu near Cochin

China, v. 481 ; products, v. 482.
Coudre Island, see Filberds Island.
Coulam, Caesar Frederick's voyage

to (1567) V. 395; Ralph Fitch at

(c. 1583) V. 501.
Council, Lords of, instructions given

to Edward Fenton by, concerning

his voyage to East Indies and

Cathay, xi. 163-171.
Councils of Indians of Florida, viii.

454.
Counsellors in the voyage to Cathay

(1553) II. 206.
Countermasters or Master's Mates,

regulations for Spanish, xi. 443.

Countess of Warwick's Sound and
Island, see Anne Warwick.

Countries, Low, Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert in the, xii. 25.

Country taken possession of in
Queen Elizabeth's name, see Meta
Incognita.

Courci, John de, conquers Ulster
(1176) I. 32; loses Ulster (1204) i-

33 f.

Courland, King Arthur and, i. 6;
n. 6.

Couroura, Sir Walter Raleigh at
(1597) XI. 7.

Court, Golden, in Moscow, 11. 256.

Courtbuttressow, Englishmen im-
prisoned at, II. 63.

Courtney, captain of the Emmanuel
of Exeter (1578) vii. 322.

Courtney, Rise, with Ralph Lane in
Virginia (1585) vin. 317.

Courtrai, land army of the Armada
at (1588) IV. 205; cloth of, II.
116.

Couset, Captain, his account of the
Spanish ships in Dolphin's river
(1565) IX. 89.

Coutinho, Luis, commander of the
hulks and flvboats at Flores (1591)
VII. 47.

Coutinho, Vasques Fernandes de,
lord of Espirito Santo, xi. 250.

Couton, in Darha, vii. 89.

Coventry and Lichfield, Walter
Langton, bishop of (d. 132 1) wit-
ness of Edward I.'s great charter,

I. 338.

Coverings, French trade in, in
Guinea (1577) vi. 252.

Covexis, King in Florida, viii. 478;
liberality of, viii. 481.

Covla, Kholmogory to, iii. 70.

Cowel, William, of the Maria
Martin (1584) v. 281.

Cowes, John White at (1587) viii.
386. ^

Cowlthirste, see Colthirst.

Cox, Richard, master gunner in
Captain Frobisher's second voyage
to the north-west passage (1577)
VII. 217; of the Aid (1577) vii.
285, 295 ; pilot of the Thomas of
Ipswich, VII, 351; his discredit-
able behaviour, vii. 355.

198

INDEX

Cox, William, master of the Golden
Hind (1583) VIII. 47, 64, 92.

Coxe, an old sailor of the Edward
Cotton, buried alive by the Moors
(1583) VI. 412.

Coxe, George, carpenter of Edward
Fenton's voyage, death of (1583)
XI. 200.

Coxe, Robert, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88.

Coxe, William, of Limehouse.
master and captain of the Bear
(1576) X. 83 ; conspiracy of, against
Andrew Barker at S. Francisco
Island (1576) X. 86; at Truxillo,
X. 86; and the goods of Andrew
Barker (1576) x. 87.

Coxworthy, Robert, of the Sunshine
of London (1585) vii, 382.

Coya, Captain Laudonniere's mes-
sengers at (1565) IX. 54.

Coya Reca, Stephen Borough at

(1557) n- 363-

Cozamomet, and the English mer-
chants, III. 49, 60 ; and the corn
mill, 67.

Cozumel Island, on the coast of
Yucatan, latitude of, x. 294.

Crab Apples, found in Virginia, viii.

367-

Crabs, red, Thomas Stevens' ac-
count of (1579) VI. 383.

Cracovia, see Cracow.

Cracow on the Vistula, v. 326; duke
of, I. 159.

Cracurim, in Tartary, i. 135.

Crafton, William, of the Hopewell
(1597) VIII. 166; and the Basques
of S. John de Luz (1597) viii.
177; Charles Leigh and, viii.
180.

Crane, Ralph, master of the Eliza-
beth (1582) XI. 172.

Crane, the, and the Spanish fleet at
Flores Island (1591) vii. 41.

Cranes, found in Canada, viii. 228,
244; in Virginia (1586) viii. 369;
in Florida, viii. 451.

Cranganor, Portuguese fort, v. 391.

Crantor, the Greek, on America, vii.
161.

Crasnoyare, or Red Cliff, in. 243.

Crassus, * De Oratore,' by, quota-
tion from, v. 120.

Crawford, Richard, of the Swallow

(1584) V. 281.
Crayfishes, large, in an island, near

Celebes, xi. 128.
Creame, Charles, on the Content

(1591) X. 183.

Crecy, battle of, 11. 142 ; Matthew
Gourney at, iv. 444.

Crecye, see Crecy.

Cremeur, owner of Jacques Cartier's
sea chart (1587) viii. 273.

Cremia, Anthony Jenkinson in, in.
196.

Cremona, Bartholomew of, i. 233.

Crescent, the, and Spanish ships
(1590) vn. 31.

Cresset-light, used by Sir Thomas
Baskerville at the fight of Pinos
(1596) X. 263.

Cressie, see Crecy.

Creta, see Crete.

Crete Island, in Thome's map, n.
171 ; Anthony Jenkinson at, in.
195; Richard I. in (1191) iv. 328;
wine from, brought to Rhodes
(1522) V. 8, 9; English trade in
(c. 15 11) V. 62; voyage of the
Holy Cross to (1534) v. 67; of the
Matthew Gonson (1535) v. 68;
Roger Bodenham (1550) v. 71, 73,-
168; John Lock (1553) 76, 84, 100;
hoop market, v. 117; help to
Famagusta (1571) v. 134, 136;
Nestor Martiningo's escape into

V. 150; (1577) V. 163; (1581) V.
206, 214; King of, in Ceylon
Island, V. 399 ; Epithymum found
in, VI. 27; John Evesham in (1587)

VI. 35 ; Sowday Castle in, vi.
41 ; Levant Company's trade in

(1592) VI. 75; Levant Company's
privileges in, vi. 77, 84, 86;
complexions of the people of,

VII. 264; climate of, viii. 384.
Cretton, William, and the captured

ships of Danzig (1577) vi. 232.
Crew of the Bona Esperanza, 11.
212; of the Edward Bonaventure,
213 ; of the Bona Confidentia, 214;
of Sir Humphrey Gilbert's fleet,
behaviour of (1583) viii. 61 ; loss
of the, in the wreck of the De-
light, VIII. 66; of the Marigold
and the natives of Cape Breton

199

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

(1593) vni. 159; of Sir John

Hawkins, half of, landed in

Mexico bay (1568) x. 73.
Crimea, neck of, i. 233.
Crim Tartar, the, or Great Khan,

HI. 390 ; and the Turks, 394.
Crim Tartars, and Russians, n. 233,

438. 453; or Scythians, iii. 344;

and the Moscow fire (1571) 169;

invade Russia, 391.
Crimme, see Crim.
Crion, see Krio.
Criquare, mentioned in the Ruttier,

XI. 81.
Crispe, Captain, and the breach of

discipline in Portugal (1589) vi.

497-

Crit, Vut Khan, King of the, i.
268.

Crivellatore, Marco, Captain, at the
defence of Famagusta (1571) v.
136; made slave, v. 151.

Croatan Sound, Aubry and Boniten
sent to (1585) viii. 315; fishing at,
VIII. 338; Captain Stafford at
(1587) VIII. 393; John White at
(1590) VIII. 413; English settlers
of Roanoke at, viii. 417 f. ; Manteo
born at, viii. 418.

Croatoan Sound, see Croatan
Sound.

Croce, Monte de la, in Cyprus, v.
98.

Crociers, see Crosiers.

Crocodiles, in Malabar, iv. 413 ; in
the Nile, description, v. 337; in
the Senegal, vi. 167; used as food
in Florida, viii. 456; in Riohacha,
description, x. 40; in Florida, x.
59; on Coche Island, description
(1595) X. 216; in Magdalena river,
XI. 235.

Crocodiles, river of, described by Sir
Walter Raleigh, x. 388.

Croiland, see Croyland.

Croix, La, conspiracy of, against
Captain Laudonniere (1564) ix.
39 ; ensign of the mutineers, ix.
42.

Croke, headland in Guinea, vi.

159-
Crolowe, John, of Danzig, Prussian

procurator, 11. 88, 92, 98, 106.
Cromer, damages paid by, 11. 103.

Cromo, II, and the monastery of S.
Jeronimo, v. 79.

Crompton, William, and the French
pilot's ransom (1577) vi. 234.

Cropeda Island, described in the
Ruttier, x. 302.

Crosiers, the, vi. 151, 157; form and
latitude of, xi. 150.

Cross, a, proceeding from the moon
(1580) III. 218.

Cross, erected on Cape Prato, by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 203;
near S. Nicholas' Haven (1535)
viii. 213; near Fovetz river, viii.
238; on Holy Cross Fort (1536)
VIII. 254 ; erected by Captain
Ulloa (1539) IX. 212; by Captain
Alarchon among the Indians
(1540) IX. 294, 301, 316.

Cross, Mountain of the, in Iceland,
IV. 16, 105.

Crosse, Captain, and the Spanish
ship of Biscay (1588) iv. 226.

Crosse, Captain, bearer of Sir
Francis Drake's letters (1587) vi.
441 ; captain of the bark Bond
(1585) X. 98; at the attack on
Cartagena (1586) 117.

Crosse, Captain, bark of, in Sir
Walter Raleigh's voyage to Trini-
dad (1595) X. 349.

Crosse Island, Stephen Borough off
(1556) n. 326; on, 365, 417.

Crosse, Sir Robert, of the Cadiz Ex-
pedition (1596) IV. 242; knighted
at Cadiz, iv. 260 ; captain of the
Bonaventure (1591) vii. 41; in
Sir John Borough's fleet (1592)
VII. 108 ; of the Foresight, vii.
113; boards the Madre de Dios,
VII. 114, XII. 84.

Crosse, William, boatswain of the
Sunshine of London (1585) vii.
382.

Crossehaire, Nicholas, and the Eng-
lish customs, II. 75 f.

Crosses, House of, see Venta Cruz.

Crosses erected by Friar Marco de
Ni^a as an act of taking posses-
sion (1539) IX. 132, 138, 144; given
to Indians by Captain Alarchon
(1540) IX. 288, 302, 306, 315.

Crossiers, see Crosiers.

Crow, Giles, English merchant in

200

INDEX

Russia (1581) III. 245; at Moscow,
246.

Crowmer, see Cromer.

Crowsand, the Richard of Arundel
at (1591) VI. 467.

Crowns, three, of the Emperor of
Russia (1583) III. 319; six, of the
Emperor of Russia, 338, 339.

Croyland, Ingulf, abbot of (1064)
IV. 288.

Crozets, see Crosiers

Crua, near Ratire, vi. 451.

* Cruelties, Spanish,' by Bartholo-
mew de las Casas, vii. 53.

Crutzburg- Castle, garrisoned by the
Dutch knights, 11. 2, 3.

Cruz, Cape de, in Cuba, mentioned
in the Ruttier, x. 285 ; latitude of,

X. 286, 333 ; marks of, in second
Ruttier, x. 314; longitude from,
to Cayman Brack, x. 336.

Cruz, Cayo de la, a shoal mentioned
in second Ruttier, x. 329.

Cruz del Padre, marks of, men-
tioned in second Ruttier, x. 330.

Cruz, Rio de, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, XI. 88.

Cruzado, money of Malacca, vi. 22,

Cruzes, on the river Chagres, ix.
368.

Crymara Island, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 329.

Crystal, mine in Florida, viii. 482 ;
in Apalatci mountain, ix. 112,
113; mountain. Sir Walter
Raleigh near (1595) x. 418.

Cuahintle, see Cuahintlan del Rey.

Cuahintlan del Rev, wealth, ix.
471; deeps near, ix. 466.

Cuahucapotla, a * mansion of Intla,'
IX. 469.

Cuausa, province in China, xi. 380.

Cuba, one of the Antilles, viii.
450; or Isabella, 451, x. 285,

XI. 238, 240 ; discovered by
Spain (1492) II. 173; Sebas-
tian Cabot near (1497) vii. 152;
Ferdinand Oviedo on pasture
of, vii. 267; conquered by Spain,
viii. 124; John White in sight of
(1590) VIII. 411; Captain Gour-
gues at (1567) IX. loi ; Cap-
tain Ulloa at, 228; principal
towns in (1570) ix. 367; trade, ix.

368, 390, 415, x. 345; Indians of,
and Friar Marco de Ni^a, ix. 126 ;
S. Antonio Cape in, x. 46; copper
mines discovered in (1590) x. 160;
ships built in, for an expedition
against England (1590) x. 164;
fight of Sir George Carey's ships
against the Spanish, near (1591)
X. 178; ship from, captured from
Christopher Newport (1591) X.
189; Sir Thomas Baskerville in
sight of (1596) X. 242, 244; Rut-
tier for navigation about, x. 301 ;
conquest of, xii. 7.

Cubagua, Indians sold as slaves by
i\ugustine Delgado at, x. 498;
difficult of access from Guiana,
X. 499.

Cubeb found in China, vi. 25.

Cubucama or Emperor in Japanese,

VI. 335-
Cucahu-Atoyaque in Francisco Mat-

donado's land, ix. 471.
Cuchillo, Indians from, companions

of Friar Marco de Niga, ix. 125.
Cucumber, poisonous, used by the

Sapies and Samboses (1564) x.

20.
Cudruaigny, god of the natives of

Canada, viii. 226; belief in, viii.

240.
Cuerpo Santo, see St. Elmo's fire.
Cuervo, see Corvo.
Culeman, Henry, damages paid to,

II. 103.
Culiacan, ix. 381 ; Vasquez de Coro-

nado at (1539) ix. 116, 145; S.

Michael of, ix. 118, 123; Friar

Marco de Niga at, 123, 125, 144.
Culma, Insana river, near, iv. 37,

132.
Culvacan, correction of the map of,

by Ortelius, viii. 444.
Cumaca river. Captain Keymis sent

to, by Sir Walter Raleigh (1595)

X. 417; Sir Walter Raleigh at

(1595) X. 420.
Cumana, Lord of, Indian chief

(1540) IX. 310; and Captain Alar-

chon, IX. 315; enchanter from,

and (1540) IX. 316; Sir John

Hawkins at (1565) x. 26, 27;

Indians of, description (1565) x.

28 ; vSir Amyas de Preston at (1595)

XII

201

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

X. 2i6; ransom of the town of,
paid to Sir Amyas de Preston, x.
217; English prisoners at, ex-
changed with Spanish prisoners
(1596) X. 277; taken by Sir Walter
Raleigh (1595) x. 341, 406 ; despoiled
by Agira, x. 363 ; Pedro Hernan-
dez de Serpa at, x. 364; King
Morequito and Vides, governor of,
x. 373 ; flight of King Morequito
to, X. 374; Antonio de Berreo at,
with Fasshardo, x. 460.

Cumanagotos Indians and the gold
of Guiana, x. 366; Hernandez de
Serpa slain by, x. 497.

Cumanawgoto, Augustine Delgado
at, X. 498.

Cumberland, Earl of, see Clifford,
George.

Cumberland Sound, explored by
Captain Davis, xii. 28.

Cumberland's Island, see Meta In-
cognita.

Cunames, the, province of New
Mexico, described by Antonio de
Espejo (1582) IX. 197.

Cunanama river, between Cape Cecil
and Raleana river, x. 459; the
Discoverer in (1596) x. 477, 492.

Cuningaia, custom in Japan, xi.
424.

Cunington, George, distress of, at
Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Cupanamma river, between Cape
Cecil and Raleana river, x. 459 ;
or Northumbria, x. 492.

Cupari, town on the Shurama, x.
492.

Cuppanamo, m Guiana, xi. 10.

Curaa Mountain, in Guiana, x. 400;
gold in, X. 403.

Curasao Island, Sir John Hawkins
at, IX. 401, 449; abundance of
cattle in (1565) x. 36; Andrew
Barker's men wounded by Indians
at (1576) X. 84; Sir Francis Drake
at (1595) X. 233; latitude of, in
the Ruttier, x. 287, 335.

Curassawini river, x. 492 ; men-
tioned by Laurence Keymis (1596)

X. 454.
Curazao, Island, see Curasao.
Curcy, see Courci.
Curdi, people of Merdin, v. 505.

Cureey river, x. 492.

Curiapan, Punta de, or Punta de
Gallo, in Trinidad Island, x. 205:
Sir Walter Raleigh at (1595) x.
341. 349. 422; latitude, X. 349.

Curipotoore, Indian captain, x. 493.

Curitini, river, the Discoverer in
(1596) x. 477; great river, x. 492.

Curland, see Courland.

Curligin, Richard, of the expedition
to Guinea (1555) vi. 199.

Curna Castle, see Kurna.

Curnaatoi, Indian prisoner of Ber-
reo (1596) X. 467.

Curopolata on the English guard of
the Emperors of Constantinople
(1177) IV. 311.

Currents of the Sea, run with the
wind, III. 292 ; deceiving to the
ships, VI. 230; in West African
seas, VI. 462 ; toward the west,
VII. 152, 166, 167, 195, 202; An-
thony Jenkinson on, vii. 168, 183 ;
discovered by Captain Frobisher
(1578) VII. 326, 333 ; or indrafts, vii.
336 f. ; strong, of Florida (1565) x.
48 ; at Pinos Island, x. 293 ; near
the Tortugas, x. 297 ; at Matan-
zas, X. 303 ; from the Cape of
Good Hope to Brazil, xi. 3, 72.

Cursemay, a Russian tavern, 11.
424.

Curshes, or Shah's messengers, iii.
164.

Curson, Robert, travels of (12 18) iv.
348.

Curtia, measure in Algiers (1584) v.
271.

Curtice, John, hostage in Cape
Verde (1567) vi. 271.

Curtice, Robert, see Cortise.

Curtis, Thomas, pewterer, trader
with Chios (1535) v. 69.

Curtius, Quintus, on Alexander the
Great, v. 119; mention of India,
vii. 180, 185.

Curtike, see Courtrai.

Curwara river, cataract on, x. 468.

Curzola Island, John Locke in (1553)
v. 104; Henry Austell in, v. 322.

Cusco, see Cuzco.

Cushwini river, x. 492 ; Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition on (1597) xi.
10.

202

INDEX

Cusse-winne river, see Cushwini.

Custodio, Reverend Father, prior of
S. Anton of Brazil, and the sen-
tence against Feliciano Cieza
(1597) XI. 71.

Customs, in England (1407) 11.
72 ff. ; English merchants free
of, in Shirvan, iii. 33, 39; Mus-
covy Company in Russia free
from, 94, 96, no, 325, 440, 441;
suits in Russia free from, 97 ;
exacted from English merchants
at Kazan and Astrakhan, 182 ;
English trade in Russia free from
(1583) 325 ; to be paid on Russian
money by English merchants, 431 ;
merchants of Muscovy Company
licenced to trade in Russia free
from, 440; (1592) 441 ; or tolls, in
Persia, for English merchants, iii.
64; in Russia, abating and re-
mitting of, 343 ; in Turkish coun-
tries (1569) V. 112, 284; to the
King of Algiers (1584) v. 271 ;
in Alexandria (1584) v. 272; paid
to King Aborise and his sons,

V. 368, VI. 8; on pearls, to the
King of Portugal, v. 396; in
Orissa, v. 409, 410; in Pegu, v.
429, 430; of Babylon, vi. 11; of
Bussorah, vi. 12 ; of Ormuz, vi.
15; on horses, vi. 16; of Goa,

VI. 20; of Cochin, vi. 21; of
Malacca, vi. 22 ; of Danzig, vi.
59; in London for the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 79, 80; excess
of, in the Levant, vi. 84; in
China, vi. 319; Barbary Com-
pany free from, for twelve years
(1585) VI. 424; Senegal Company
free from, for ten years (1588) vi.
448; in Burburata, on slaves, x.
34; in Brazil, xi. 37, 38.

Customs officers and merchants
(1407) II. 75-79.

Custumal (Customal) Latin, of the
town of Hyde, i. 48.

Cutarapama, Indian herb anti-
poisonous, x. 495.

Cuthen, Duke of Tartary, i, 74,

Cutup de lashach. King of Gol-
conda, v. 472.

Cuyne, see Kaiuk.

Cuynch, see Kaiuk.

Cuynth Can, see Kaiuk.

Cuzco, in Peru, viii. 95, 125 ; John
Chilton at (1570) ix. 369; Bishop
of, prisoner of the English (1596)
IV. 261 ; Orejones of, and Guascar,
X. 340; unwrought gold, hidden
in, X. 358.

Cyclopedes, i. 154.

Cyguateo, Sir Richard Grenville at
(1585) VIII. 315.

' Cvmbeline,' quotation from, xii.

Cynamon, see Cinnamon.

Cyncilim in Malabar, iv. 412.

Cyngis, see Jenghiz Khan.

Cyntla, battle of, Hernando Cortez's
victory at, viii. 124.

Cypher, Muscovy Company's letters
in, II. 389, 394.

Cypresses in Florida, x. 57.

Cyprus, I. 262 ; Knights of S. John
and, II. 6; in Thome's map, 171;
Anthony Jenkinson at, iii. 195 ;
Queen Berengaria in (1191) iv.
328; conquered by Richard L, iv.
330, v. 125 ; Radulphe, keeper of,
for Richard L, iv. 331 ; allegiance
to England (1270) iv. 362 ; English
trade (c. 1511) v. 62; John Locke
at (1553) V. 85, 92; Famagusta,
town of, V. 118; conquered by Mus-
tafa Pasha (1571) V. 123, 150; de-
scription, V. 124-5; Laurence
Aldersey at, v. 207, vi. 42 ; Caesar
Frederick at (c. 1563) v. 366;
Coloquintida found in, vi. 26;
Sumach found in, vi. 27; re-
tinue of the Beglerbeg of, vi. 67 ;
Paphos in, vi. 107; climate, viii.

384.

Cyragay, Duke of Tartary, i. 74.

Cyrenaica, boundary of Africa the
less, VI. 144.

Cyrenen, Oktai's son, i. 74, 150.

Cyrpodan, i. 74, 77, 150; Duke, sub-
dues the Khirgiz, 153.

Cyrus, his invasion of Tartary, iii.

397-
Cyrus, river, 11. 478.
Cysimbre Island, William Harborne

"at (1583) V. 249.
Czilma, river, iii. 406.
Czircho, river, iii. 406.

203

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Dabul, port in Chaul, v. 380; ginger
dabulin found in, vi. 25.

Dadin, see Bodin.

Dainty, the, of Sir John Hawkins
(1592) VII. 112; and the Madre
de Dios, 113; at Flores (1590)
VIII. 421.

Dalamor, in Robert Withrington's
voyage (1587) xi. 222; ship cap-
tured by, XI. 225.

Daldilus, King, and the Saracens
(1330) IV. 412.

Dale, see Deal.

Dalkins, Thomas, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.

Dallaber, James, on the Edward
Bonaventiire (1553) 11. 213.

Dallimore, Oliver, of the Elizabeth
(1584) V. 281.

Dalmatia, language of, i. 279 ; in
Thome's map, 11. 170; Robert de
Ketene in (1143) iv. 309; Henry
Austell in (1585) v. 322; Islands
of, v. 78; Prince of, and the Tar-
tars, I. 51 ; Beglerbeg of, pay of,
VI. 61 ; his retinue, 67.

Damages asked of England by
Prussia (1403) 11. 27, 29, 30, 32;
by Livonia, 33, 34; by Prussia
and Livonia, 56 f. ; asked of Prus-
sia by England (1405) 29, 32, 33;
settled by English and Prussian
ambassadors, 88; guaranteed to
Prussians by Henry IV. (1409)
loi f. ; details of, paid to Prus-
sian merchants by England (1409)
103-106; paid to English mer-
chants, 105.

Daman, Caesar Frederick's descrip-
tion (1563) V. 378; Ralph Fitch's
description (c. 1583) 469; Friar
Peter in, vi. 385 ; monsoon from
Goa to, VI. 28.

Damaon, see Daman.

Damaro, Friar Albert, superior of
the Convent of the Amerciates in
Gallipoli (1577) V. 165.

Damas, Calle de las, in S. Domingo,
X. 284.

Damasco, see Damascus.

Damascus, English merchants in
(1580) V. 187; Richard Forster,
consul for (1583) v. 260; caravan
at Mecca, v. 356; Pasha of, his

presents to Soliman (1553) v. 108;
and the Persian Wars (1583) v.
453 ; and the Hungarian-Turkish
war, VI. 104; Sultan of, i. 74.

Dambere Island, laid waste by
Zichmni (c. 1380) vii. 451.

D'Amboise, Mery, Grand Master of
Rhodes, v. 37.

Damiata, see Damietta.

Damietta, Robert Curson at the
taking of (12 18) iv. 348; Ran-
ulph, Earl of Chester, at the siege
of, 349, 351; taken by Louis IX.
of France (1249) 353 5 description
of, v. 333.

Damoiselle, Isles de la, latitude of,
VIII. 276.

Danadin, river, in Russia, iii. 409.

Danarie, money of Ormuz, vi. 14.

Dancie, Edward, George Turber-
ville's letter to (1568) iii. 124-
126.

Danec, boats on the Tigris, v. 467.

Danes, English merchants robbed
by, II. 113 f.

Daniel, Friar, at Cevola with Vas-
quez de Coronado {1540) ix. 151.

Daniel, miner, of Sir Humphrey
Gilbert's expedition (1583) viii.
60 ; lost in the wreck of the De-
light, 67; in Virginia (1585) 318.

Daniel, son of Alexander, founds
Moscow, II. 187.

Daniel, Samuel, ' Musophilus,' by
(1601) XII. 99.

Danilon, John de Piano Carpini at,
I. 160.

Danine, money of Bussorah, vi. 12.

Dansey, Alexander, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 88.

Danske, Russian measure, 11. 275.

Danske, cable market at (1557) n.
382 ; Leonard Brian at, 387 ; wax
market at, 389 ; Thomas Alcock
at, 396-399 ; and the Narva navi-
gation, 485.

Dansoyville, Sir Claude, called Vil-
liers. Grand Master of Rhodes'
envoy to the Pope (1522) v. 16.

Dantiske, Robert Elson at (1555) 11.
296.

Dantzig, see Danzig.

Danube, river, i. 231, 234, 256, 279,
VII. 176; at Tonewert, Henry

204

INDEX

Austell on the (1585) v. 321;
freshets in, vii. 183.

Danubius, see Danube.

Danzig, 11. 8; VVolstan's voyage to,
I. 15; or Gdanum, 11. 10; English
merchants and goods seized in,
15-18 ; mercantile differences
settled in, 22; ships of, despoiled
by Hanse merchants, 70 ; Sir
Jerome Horsey at (1584) iii. 345;
burgomaster of, and William Har-
borne (1588) vi. 58; customs in,
59 ; hulk, with Spanish goods, cap-
tured by the English (1589) vi. 510.

Darcie, Edward, and the Armada
(1588) IV. 217.

Darcies Island, discovered by John
Davys (1587) vii. 421.

Dare, Ananias, assistant of the
governor of Virginia, viii. 397,
402 ; Eleanor, wife of Ananias,
VIII. 397, 403 ; Virginia, born in
Roanoke, viii. 397, 403, xii. 112.

Darha, kingdom of, in Africa, gold
mines (1591) vii. 88; products,
VII. 89.

Darien, gulf of, English ship cap-
tured by the Spanish in (1575) xi.
232 ; Sir Francis Drake at, xii.
52 ; straits of, John Oxenham
and the Spanish in the, viii. 315;
voyage of Sir Francis Drake to
(1572) x. 75-77; voyage of John
Oxenham to (1575) xi. 77-81 ; town,
built by the Spanish, xi. 228;
colony of Vasco Nunez de Balboa,
XII. 9.

Darige, Richard, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Darius Hystaspis, invasion of Tar-
tary by, iii. 397.

Darliehead, fish caught by William
Eston (1585) VII. 383.

Darling of London, the, Laurence
Keymis in (1596) x. 452.

Darling, the, Sir Amyas de Pres-
ton's ship (1595) X. 213; sick
crew of, at Dominica, 215; secret
mission of (1595) 225.

Darsall, Richard, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.

Dartmouth, ships from, in Edward
IIL's fleet, I. 297; damages paid
by, II. 104; Edward IIL and, 120;

return of John Evesham to (1587)
VI. 38 ; of Laurence Aldersey
(1586), 46; of Christopher New-
port, X. 190 ; William Towerson at
(1555) 177; departure of the Eng-
lish merchants from, for Guinea,
155, 258; the Richard of Arundel
at (1591) 467; the Madre de Dios
brought to (1592) VII. 105, 117;
port free to Adrian Gilbert (1583)
377; John Davys at (1583), 381;
(1585) 393. 408, 414. 422, 425. 443.
(1585) 393. 408, 414. 422, 425.
443, 439; the Sunshine's re-
turn to, 407 ; the Golden
Hind at (1583) viii. 75; the Tra-
montane of the Queen at (1597)
180; Robert Withrington at (1586)
XI, 204 ; flyboat of, bound for
Maio Island, xi. i-

Dasamonquepeio, or Dasamongue-
peuk, in Virginia, viii. 337;
Pemisapan at, 339 ; Englishmen
left at Roanoke and the natives
from, 394; Manteo, lord of, 397;
John White at (1590) 416.

Dasi, Anthony de, taken prisoner by
Thomas Cavendish (1587) xi.

327-

Dassel, Anthony, Laurence Madoc's
letter to (1594) vii. 99-100.

Dassel, Thomas, his voyage to
Senegal and Gambra (1591) vii.
90; Pedro Gonzalves and, 91;
traffic at Porto d'Ally (1591) 92,
95; conspiracy against (1591) 95;
Pedro Gonzalves saved by, 96.

Dassele, Arnold de, procurator of
Prussia, 11. 43, 97 f.

Dassell, Anthony, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f. ; privileged trader in Sene-
gal (1588) 443-450-

Daurmigas, silver mine found at
Copaoba by (1597) xi. 67.

David, VI. 171 ; Tower of, at Jeru-
salem, IV. 302.

David, son of the King of Georgia,
I. S6, 140.

David, son of Owen Gwynedd (c.
II 70) VII. 133.

David's Sound, in Meta Incognita,
Englishmen attacked at, by
natives (1578) vii. 239.

205

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Davie, Henry, gunner, of the Sun-
shine of London (1585) vii.
382.

Davie, Robert, Sir Amyas de Pres-
ton's voyage to West Indies
written by, x. 213.

Davis, John, master of a pinnace
with William Towerson (1557) vi.
223.

Davis, John, sailor on the Delight
(1589) XI. 389.

Davis. Morgan, of the Elizabeth
Stokes (1584) V. 282.

Davis, Neville, escaped prisoner of
the Inquisition (1592) vii. 107.

Davis, Richard, mariner, death of,
in Persia (1565) iii. 48.

Davis, Robert, master of the bark
Raleigh (1583) viii. 46.

Davis Strait, discovered by John
Davis or Davys, xii. 28.

Davison, Richard, of the Maria
Martin (1584) v. 281.

Davison, Thomas, quartermaster on
the Bona Esperanza, 11. 212.

Davys, John (1550- 1605) i. xxviii. ;
facsimile of letter to Walsingham
from (3rd October, 1585) vii. 392,
and the capture of Spanish
ships (1589) VII. 6; at Graci-
osa, 11; and the Pernamb\ico
prize, 19 ; first voyage of, for dis-
covery of northwest passage, by
John Janes (1585) 381-393; second
voyage (1586) 393-407; second voy-
age, by Henry Morgan, 408-413 ;
third voyage (1587) by John Janes,
414-422; captain of the Sunshine
of London, 382 ; discoveries of
(1586) 403 f. ; his letters to
William Sanderson, 407, 423 ff. ;
* World's Hydrographical Descrip-
tion ' by, quotation from, 440-445 ;
VIII. 444; of the Desire (1591) xi.
389; at the taking of Santos (1591)
390; distress of, at Port Desire
(1592) 399 ; address to his men, xi.
403; at Padstow (1593) 416; story
of, XII. 27, 30.

Dawbeney, Arthur, member of the
Barbary Company, vi. 419,
420 f.

Dawbeney, Oliver, merchant, voy-
age of, in the Minion (1536) vii. 3 ;

his account of Newfoundland, viil.

4-
Da we, John, of Colchester, Prussian

pirates, 11. 63.
Dawney river, x. 408.
Day, length of, in Iceland, iv. 12,

lOI.

Day, Nicholas, lands in Santa Cruz
(1566) VI. 268; hostage in Cape
Verde (1567) 271, 272.

Dead, funeral ceremonies of the, in
Malabar (1330) iv. 414; in Thibet
(1330) 436; in Chaul, v. 470; in
Benares, 478 ; in Jamahey, 495 ;
in Persia, vi. 112; in Japan, vi.
341; by Indians, ix. 297; of
Sapies, x. 18; honours given to
the, by Indians of Orinoco river,
X. 384.

Deal, I. 47, 48, V. 355.

' De Amicitia ' of Cicero, quotation
from, V. 121.

Deane, Roger, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Death, yearly sleep or, of the people
of Lucomoria, in. 408.

Debts owed to the Muscovy Com-
pany in Persia, iii. 47, 49, 59, 60,
64, 181 ; owed to English mer-
chants in Russia, 115; recovered
by Sir Jerome Bowes for the Eng-
lish merchants in Russia, 325 ; of
the Emperor of Russia to English
merchants (1583) 329; owed to
William Turnbull in Russia, 426,

433. 435-

* Decade,' the first, by John Barros,

VIII. 442.

* Decades Book of, ' by Peter Martyr,

quotation from, x. 50; translated
by Richard Eden (1555) xii. 35;
published by Hakluyt (1587) 83.

Decan, see Deccan.

Deccan, diamonds in the kingdom
of, V. 472.

Dedalus, King of Scotland, and
Icaria, in Zeno's voyage, vii. 459.

Dedissen, Gerard, shipmaster, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 63,

Dee, John (1527- 1608) on Nicholas
of Lynn, i. liv. 303 ; on the
British monarchy, 16; advice to
Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman
(1580) III. 262; and the Emperor

06

INDEX

of Russia (1586) III. 445; map of
America by, engraving of, viii.
486.

Deer used as horses by Samoyedes,
II. 346; by Lapps, iii. 405; found
in Hochelaga, viii. 244; in Vir-
ginia (1586) 368; in Florida, 451,
X. 5i» 56, 59; in Trinidad, x. 350;
in Guiana, 426, xi. 14; in Nova
Albion (1579) XI. 123; Olen, death
of Richard Gray's, 11. 396.

Defiance, the, flagship, and the
Spanish fleet at Flores Island
(1591) VII. 41.

Defiance, the, flagship of Sir Francis
Drake's fleet (1595) x. 232; Jonas
Bodenham, new captain of (1596)
240 ; in the fight with the Spanish
fleet at Pinos (1596) 243, 262; re-
turn of, to Plymouth (1596) 245.

Degrad, Cape, country from Cape
Race to, description by Jacques
Cartier (1534) viii. 185.

Deimond, Richard, new master of
the Jesus (1583) v. 293.

Dekker, ' Olde Fortunatus ' by, xii.
108.

Dela, wild elephants tamed in, v.
486.

Delabere, James, gentleman of the
expedition to Cathay (1553) 11.
206.

Delaware, Lord, first governor of
Virginia (1609) xii. 112.

Dele, see Deal.

Delfi, Porto, near Chios, v. 250.

Delft, Henry Austell in (1585) v.
320, 327.

Delgada, Punta, near Villa Rica, x.
295 ; in second Ruttier, 320.

Delgadillo de Avellaneda, Don Ber-
naldino, 'Libel of Spanish Lies,'
written by (1596) x. 246-265.

Delgado, Augustine, conquest of
Trinidad by, x. 497; attempt to
discover Guiana, x. 498.

Delhi, diamonds found in, v. 504.

Delli, see Delhi.

Delight, the, alias the George, flag-
ship of Sir Humphrey Gilbert's
expedition (1583) viii. 46; dam-
aged, vni. 52 ; Maurice Browne,
captain, viii. 62; lost, viii. 64,
66, 92, XII. 37.

Delight, the, of Bristol, John Chid-
ley's ship (1589) x. 170; voyage
of, written by W. Magoths, xi.

381-384-
Delight, the, of Sir Francis Drake's

fleet (1595) X. 227, 232 ; Captain

Josias of, his death (1596) x. 240;

sinking of, x. 241.
Delingeges, see Coaches.
Delos, Richard Wrag at (1593) vi.

95.
Delphi, Temple of Apollo in, vii.

269.
Delphin, Cape, discovered by

Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 193.
D'Elvas, Dr. John, of the Portuguese

embassy to England (1481) vi.

123.
Demetrius, son of George, 11. 185 f.
Demetrius, son of John, 11. 187.
Demnar found in Siacca and Blin-

ton, VI. 26.
Demogorgon, breathing of, and the

movement of the sea, vii. 152.
Demongenitus, Franciscus, and the

north-west passage, vii. 163.
Denga, silver Russian coin, 11.

273-

Dengemareys, i. 48.

Denia, in Valencia, William Har-
borne at (1583) v. 243.

Denichi, idol of the bonzes in Japan,
VI. 336.

Denizenship, English, granted to
British subjects born in discovered
territories (1583) vii. 379; granted
to inhabitants of English territories
(1578) VIII. 20; (1584) VIII. 293.

Denmark, King Arthur and, I. 4, 6;
King Vortiporius and, 8 ; Octher's
description of the Sound of, 14;
islands subject to, 15 ; and Prussia,
II. 46; English merchants in (1404)

, 108 f., Ill f., 113; merchants of,
127; Thome's map of, 169; and
Russia, 438; Lapland pays tribute
to. III. 204; and the Iceland
schools (1588) IV. 60, 159; soldiers
of, at Joppa (1107) 301-306; climate
of, VII. 268; fish trade with Fris-
land, VII. 450; Kings of, iv. i,
58. 89, 157.
Dennis, the, bark, Kendal, captain
of (1578) VII. 322; attendant on

207

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

the Aid, 324; lost near Queen's
Foreland, 329.

Denny, Sir Edward, and Robert
Flicke (1591) VII. 56; his instruc-
tions for the fleet, 57.

Dente d'Abolio found in Melinde
and Mozambique, vi. 27.

' De Oratore,' by Cicero, quotation
from, V. 120.

Deptford, Willoughby's fleet at
(1553) "• 217; Captain Martin
Frobisher at (1576) vii. 204;
Francis Ashby sent to (1564) vi.
262 ; Drake knighted at, xii. 45.

Deputy Knight of the Hospitallers
of Jerusalem ordained in Russia,
II. 2.

Derbent, Porta Ferrea, i. 261 ; Alex-
ander's Gate of Iron at, 271, 272 ;
description, iii. 20; Anthony Jen-
kinson in, 196; in possession of
the Turks (1580) 220, 224; Eng-
lish merchants ',t, 228, 236; Alex-
ander the Great and, 235, 400;
latitude of, 235.

Derby, Henry, Earl of, see Henry
IV.

' De Republica i\nglorum instaur-
anda,' by Sir Thomas Chaloner,
V. 70.

Derlowe, John van, and the English
ship, II. 61.

Dermain, King of Bottanter (c.
1583) V. 483.

Derrican, court of Akbar in Fateh-
pur (c. 1583) V. 474

Derrick, Humphrey, of the Hugh
Gallant, killed by Indians (1587)
XI. 306.

Dertmouth, see Dartmouth.

Derwen, see Derwent.

Derwent, ships from, in Edward
II. 's fleet, I. 299.

Desconoscido, Cape, Captain Parker
at (1597) X. 279.

Description of new countries, re-
commended by Cabot, 11. 203.

Deseada Island, x. 336; latitude,
282, 308, 333; marks of, in the
second Ruttier, 307.

Deseado, see Desire.

Desekebe river, see Essequibo.

Desert, the, island near Madeira, vi.
135-

Desert, Friar Marco de Niga in the
first, in Cevola (1539) ix. 134; in
the second, 139 ; Vasquez de Coro-
nado in, 150.

De^fre, the, Thomas Cavendish's ship

(1586) XI. 290; meets the 5. Anna

(1587) 324; illness on (1588) 337;
Thomas Fuller of Ipswich, master
of, 348; Thomas Cavendish's ship
(1591) John Davys, captain of,
389 ; testimonial of the crew of,
concerning the loss of Thomas
Cavendish, 397-399; dangerous
worm on (1593) 415; at Bear-
Haven, 416.

Desire, Cape, xi. 357, 372 ; Sir
Francis Drake and John Winter
at (1578) 159; latitude of, 349; the
Desire at (1592) 406.

Desire, Port, or Deseado, named by
Thomas Cavendish (1586) xi. 295,
367 ; Indians of, xi. 296 ; latitude,
349. 354. 356; anchorage, 371;
John Chidley at (1589) 382; the
Roebuck and the Desire at (1592)
391, 397; Thomas Cavendish
looked for at, xi. 394 ; the Desire
re-enters (1592) 409.

Desmond, Earl of, and Dingen-
acush, vii. 27; his rebellion, 29;
Maurice Fitz-John, cousin ger-
main of, 50.

Desmond, Sir James, death of, vii.

Desmond, Sir John, death of, vii. 51.

Desolation, land of, discovered by
Captain Davys (1585) vii. 384, 393,
440; the Sunshine at, 407, 410,

444-
Despenser, Geofi"rey, witness to

Henry III.'s charter, i. 324.
Despenser, Hugh Le, the elder, Earl

of Winchester (1262-1326) witness

to Henry III.'s charter, i. 324;

Edward I.'s great charter, 338.
D'Espere, Cape, in Newfoundland,

viii. 160.
Desseaso, Lord Francis, overseer of

the house of the King of Portugal

(1551) VI. 152.
Dessekebe, see Essequibo.
Detford, see Deptford.
D'Eureuse, Sir George, knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

208

INDEX

Deurum, Sultan, conquered by Tar-
tars, I. 78, 154.

Devereux, Walter, in the English
fleet (1589) VI. 495; his regiment
marches to Lisbon, 497, 500; re-
turns to England, 510.

Devil, the., and Abraham, v. 358,
359; belief in, in Japan, vi.
338; cult of, in New Mexico (1582)
IX. 195.

Devoritia, see Essequibo.

Dewbv, William, of the Maria Martin
(1584) V. 281.

Dewin, Punchard de, and his
brother William, their voyage to
Syria (1240) iv. 352.

Diake, or secretary, in Russia, in.
217.

Dialcan, King of the Moors (1563)
V. 381 ; at the sack of Bezeneger
(1565) 382; Caesar Frederick
assaulted between Angola and
land of (1567) V. 389; Goa be-
sieged by the people of, 439 ; king-
dom of, 471 ; diamonds found in
kingdom of, 472.

Diamant, the, in the Bay of Sebas-
tian, dangers of, in the Ruttier, x.
282.

Diamantes, Los, in California, Cap-
tain Ulloa at (1539) IX. 214.

Diamonds, mine of, near Bezeneger,
V. 386 ; in land of Dialcan and
Deccan, 472 ; in Zamba and
Laban, 499; in Bisnagar, etc.,
504; in Canada, viii. 268, 284.

Diana, Island of, Laurence Aldersey
near (1586) vi. 42.

Diana, Temple of, see Ephesus.

Dias, Paul, governor of Angola, vi.
468.

Dias, Pedro, * Examinations of
Masters and Pilots ' by, xi. 448-

453. 453-458.
Diasprum, see Jasper.
Diaz, Bartholomew, discovery of the

Cape of Good Hope (1494) viii.

127.
Diaz, Melchior, companion of Vas-

quez de Coronado (1540) ix. 146;

at Lord's Valley, 147.
Dicasca, cacique, in Florida, ix. 113.
Dick, William, of the Sunshine of

London (1585) vii. 382.

Dickenson, Henry, quartermaster of
the Bona Confidentia (1553) 11.
214.

Dickenson, Miles, of a Bristol ship,
in Tripolis (1584) v. 294.

Dictamnum album found in Lom-
bardy, vi. 27.

Dido, Queen, in Carthage, vi. 38.

Diego, the Portuguese, taken
prisoner by Thomas Cavendish.
(1587) XI. 322.

Diego, Friar, of Lisbon, Friar Peter
to, on the kingdom of Pegu
(1587) VI. 385.

Diepe, see Dieppe.

Dieppe, ships of, and the crew of
the Edward Bonaventure (1594)
VI. 406 f. ; Frenchmen of, in Sene-
gal, VII. 91 ; Captain Laudon-
niere returns to (1562) ix. i ; Cap-
tain John Noyer of, xi. 53 ; his
death, 61.

Dier, Andrew, master of the Jesus
(1584) V. 281, 293; death of, 299,
300, 318.

Dier, Edward, see Dyer, Sir Ed-
ward.

Dier, James, in Sir Francis Drake's
fleet, death of (1586) x. 134.

Dier's Sound, in Meta Incognita,
Captain Frobisher in (1578) vii.
240.

Diet, of Sir Jerome Bowes at
Moscow, scroll of (1584) iii.
322, 473, 478, 483; of the Grand
Signior, yearly cost, vi. 61 ; pay
of attendants, 63.

Dieulamont, in Francis de Rober-
val's voyage (1542) viii. 283.

Dimock, assay-master, and Sir
Walter Raleigh's white spar (1595)
x. 344.

Dimmock, John, draper of London,
and Osep Napea, 11. 361-362;
owner of the Anne, 378.

Dinaretta, promontory in Cyprus, v.
125.

Dingaway Dowil in the Castle of
Rushen, i. 41.

Dingen a Cushe, see Dingenacush.

Dingenacush, in Ireland, viii. 401 ;
English crew lands at (1589) vii.
27; description, 27-28.

Diodorus, Siculus, on Acridophagi

209

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

or locust eaters, iv. 84, 189; on
Africa, vi. 169.

■Dionyse, the, of Captain Frobisher's
third voyage (1578) vn. 234, 241.

Dlonysius, on the Ocean Sea, vii.
199.

Dionysius Areopag'ita, the 'Heavenly
Hierarchy,' by (858) iv. 281.

Discipline, on Cabot's ships, 11. 195,
205 ; on the George and the
William, iii. 253 ; in the English
navy (1596) iv. 237; of Richard I.
for his navy (1177) iv. 320; on the
ships of Edward Fen ton (1582) xi.
163.

Discoverer, the, pinnace of Laurence
Keymis, lost at sea (1596) x. 452;
Laurence Keymis meets, at the
mouth of the Orinoco river (1596)
477; burnt by him, 477.

Discoveries, Russian, exclusive pri-
vilege of the Muscovy Company,

II. 315 f. ; in the North Sea by
Englishmen, iii. 460.

Disdain, the. Sir Martin Frobisher
in the (1592) vii. 106.

• Diseases, Curing of Hot,' etc., by
George Watson, xii. 81.

Dissequebe, see Essequibo.

Disspenser, see Despenser.

Ditter Island, Laurence Aldersey
near (1586) vi. 41.

Diu Island, in Cambay, Portu-
guese possession in (1563) 374,
445 ; trade between, and Cambai-
etta, 377 ; Ralph Fitch at (c. 1583)
V. 463, 469; turbith found in, vi.
26; and monsoons, 28.

Divan, or Justice-hall of the Vizier,
in Turkey, vi. 97, 99.

Diverie, the Framburaro of, v.
148; slain at Famagusta (1571)
152.

Dixmud, Duke of Parma at (1588)
IV. 220.

Dnieper, river (Boristhenes), i. 163,

III. 362, VII. 176; and the Black
Sea, II. 252.

Dockwray, Lord Thomas, grand

prior of the Order of Jerusalem,

in England (1522) v. i.
Dod, Thomas, member of the Bar-

bary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.

Doddington, John, and Laurence
Aldersey at Patras (1586) vi. 40.

Doderidge, Richard, of Barnstaple,
privileged trader in Senegal (1588)

VI. 443-450-

Dodrant, a measure used by William
Towerson (1555) vi. 166.

Doffie, Ccesar, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88.

Dog, the, voyage of William Michel-
son, captain of, to Mexico in
(1589) X. 156.

Dogger-ship, the, of Wiveton, 11.
66.

Dogonne, pilgrimage of the Pegus
to the varella or pagoda called,
V. 492.

Dogs Nose, cape in Russia, fullers'
earth at, 11. 364.

Dogs, Icelanders' affection for, iv.
74, 177 ; in Canary Island, vi.
126; of Quivira, described, ix.
168; in California, ix. 224; used
by the Spaniards to hunt the
Indians, 226, 238, 260; of New
Spain described, ix. 384 ; wild, used
to destroy superabundant cattle in
S. Domingo (1535) x. 37.

Dolce, Rio, xi. 81, 372; voyage of
Sir Anthony Sherley to (1596) x.
266-276 ; Sir Anthony Sherley and
Captain Parker on the (1597) 275,
278; Captain Parker's voyage to
(1596) 277; Thomas Cavendish at
(1587) XI. 319, 368.

Doldavius, King of Gotland, i. 3 f.

Doletus, interpretation of the word
Victus, IV. 64, 164.

Dolgoia, see Kolguev.

Dolgoiave, see Kolguev.

Dolgoieve, see Kolguev.

Dolopes, people of Libya, vi. 168.

Dolphin, Captain, wounded at tak-
ing of the Groyne (1589) vi. 490.

Dolphin, the, set on fire at Gibral-
tar (1591) vii. 37.

Dolphin, the, French ship, for the
discovery of Florida (1524) viii.

423-
Dolphins, x. 61, xi. 153; near Soko-
tra Island, vi. 395 ; the Richard
of Arundel's crew and (1591) vi.
467 ; Sir Francis Drake finds store
of (1578) XI. 106.

210

INDEX

Dolphins, River of, discovered by
Captain Laudonniere (1564) ix. 6;
Spanish ships on the (1565) ix. 80.

Domagaia, Indian taken captive by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 219,
255; at Stadacona, 221; consents
to go to Hochelaga, 224; at Holy
Cross, 238; asks to be baptised,
240; illness and recovery (1535)
249; warning to Jacques Cartier,
252; Francis I.'s reception of,
263.

Domesday Book (1070) i. 43, 46.

Domingo, Spanish prisoner's escape
from the ships of Thomas Caven-
dish (1587) XI. 323.

Dominica, discovered by Spain
(1492) II. 173; Sir Richard Gren-
ville at (1585) VIII. 311; John
White near (1587) 387; at (1590)
407 ; Cacique's sons prisoners from,
409 ; natives of, ix. 4, 25 ; Sir
John Hawkins at, ix. 401, 448, x.
25, 66; Sir Francis Drake at (1585)
109; Christopher Newport at (1591)
184; William King at (1592) 191;
the Darling's sick crew and Indi-
ans of (1595) 215; tobacco trade in
(1595) 228; voyage of Sir Anthony
Sherley to (1596) 266-276; latitude
of, 282, 332; Ruttier from, to
Martinino, 287 ; marks of, in
second Ruttier, 308; Indians of,
and the gold of Guiana, 366;
Laurence Keymis at (1596) 478;
Guanipa and, 479; Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1597) xi. 15.

Doininiis Vobiscum, the, voyage of,
to the north (1527) viii. i.

Domshaff, Stephen Borough, and
(1557) n. 371-

Don, river (Tanais) i. 76, 163, 256,
II. 252, 253, III. 216, 362, VII. 176,
183, X. 367; John de Piano Car-
pini's journey over the, i. 94;
source, 258 ; course, 260 f. ; and
the Tartar boats, 11. 454; Tamer-
lane's escape towards, iii. 397;
Cardan's account of, iv. 36, 131;
freshets in, vii. 183.

Donaw, Rajah, in Java (1580) xi.
130, 132.

Donchion, principal town of Che-
kiang, vi. 295.

Dondou, a town in Guinea, William
Towerson at (1557) vi. 216.

Don Devis town, trade in (1556) vi.
202.

Don John's sons, William Tower-
son's trade with (1556) vi. 203.

Don John's town, in Guinea, vi.
196 ; trade, 201 ; description, 202 ;
William Towerson at, 244.

Don Roderigo, Porto de, mentioned
in the Ruttier, xi. 84.

Donnacona, Lord of Canada, his
meeting with Jacques Cartier
(1535) VIII. 219, 221; at Holy
Cross, 238; asks to be baptised,
240; stratagem of, 251; taken
prisoner by Jacques Cartier (1536)
255 ; and his people, 256 ; Jacques
Cartier's present to, 257; Francis
I.'s reception of, 263; death of
(1540) 265.

Donna Maria, Las sierras de, hills
near Bacoa, in second Ruttier, x.

313-

Donwich, see Dunwich.

Dopnald, governor of Man, i. 27.

Dorado, see Guiana.

Dorado, Nuevo, Alonso's letter about
(1594) X. 433, 434.

Dorantez, Andrew, voyage by, ix.
116, 122.

Dorantez, Stephen, negro of Andrew
Dorantez, his voyage with Friar
Marco de Ni^-a (1538) ix. 120, 125;
sent by Friar Marco de Niga to
make discoveries, 128, 130; treat-
ment of, by the people of Cevola
(1539) 139; d^ath of (1540) 162,
305 ; voyage in the Jumenos coun-
try, IX. '305.

Dordaci, in New Spain, ix. 466.

Dordewant, Tidman, his ship at
Orwell, II. 40.

Dordract, see Dordrecht.

Dordrecht, in Holland, ambassadors'
meeting place, 11. 30, 50 f., 53, 56,
84, 85; first Diet held at (1407)
33 ; Laurence Aldersey at, v.
214.

Dore, Joffo, John Whithall's father-
in-law (1578) XI. 26; and Ed-
ward Fenton at St. Vincent, 191,

193-
Dorea, see Doria.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Doria, pistachio-nuts found in, vi.

27-

Doria, Andrea, viceroy of the King
of Spain, in the Straits of Gibral-
tar (1590) vn. 32.

Doria, John Andrea, captain of a
Spanish fleet (1586) vi. 49.

Doria, Juanette, at siege of Malta,
V. 112.

Doria, Prince Pedro, captain against
the Turks (1569) v. iii.

Doricot, John, of Exeter, privileged
trader in Senegal (1588) vi. 443-
450.

Dorives, Juan, general of the Indian
fleet (1589) VII. 68.

Dornel, Emmanuel, sailor in the
Delight (1589) XI. 388, 389.

Doro river and the defence of Spain
(1585) X. 96.

Dorogobose, see Dorogobuzh.^

Dorogobuzh, hemp-growing in, in.
368.

Dorothy, the, of Sir Richard Gren-
ville's voyage to Virginia (1585)
VIII. 310.

Dorothy, the, pinnace of Sir Walter
Raleigh (1586) xi. 203.

Dorp, see Dorpat.

Dorpat, in Livonia, 11. 49; chron-
icles of, II. 194; and the Russian
privileges, 11. 276, 278; English
trade in, iii. 93, 95.

Dorpte, see Dorpat.

Dorrell, Captain, of the Cadiz ex-
pedition, capture by (1596) iv.

243-
Dorrell, Henry, settler in Virginia

(1587) vm. 403.
Dorrington, Francis, of the Levant

Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.
Dorses, John Davis at the (1586)

vii. 409.
Dorset, Henry, merchant, on the

Bona Confidentia (1553) n. 214.
Dort, see Dordrecht.
Dory, Joseph, see Dore, Joffo.
Doshnikes, Russian barks, 11. 419,

III. 214.
Dosneckes, see Doshnikes.
Double, gold coin in Algiers (1584)

V. 270.
Double, Cape, discovered by Jacques

Cartier (1534) viii. 189, 208.

Doublet, mutineer, killed at Archaha
(1564) IX. 43.

Doughtie, see Doughty.

Doughty, Master Thomas, sent on
Maio Island by Sir Francis Drake
(1578) XI. 104, 151; captured
Portuguese ship, entrusted to
(1578) 106; master of the flyboat
of Sir Francis Drake (1578) 107;
judgment on and execution, by Sir
Francis Drake (1578) 109-110, 157,
260, XII. 56.

Douglas, Isle of Man, i. 33.

Douton, see Downton.

Douty, see Doughty.

Dovan, see Divan.

Dove, Robert, licensed to trade in
Russia free from custom (1592) in.
440.

Dove-gate ward, in London (1407)

n. 72, 73-

Dover, vi. 155 ; Edward the Con-
fessor and, I. 43 ff. ; ships, 46 f. ;
ships from, in Edward III.'s fleet,
297 ; importance to England in
war time of, 11. 114, 116; Lyon,
King of Armenia, at (1386) iv.
445, 449; Roger Bodenham at
(1551) V. 72; Christopher New-
port's departure from (1591) x.
184; William King's return to
(1592) X. 193.

Dover House Island, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 190.

Dowbnay, distance from Peraslav
to, II. 420.

Dowe, Robert, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75, 7S.

Dowglas, John, master of Sir Walter
Raleigh's ship, x. 376; sent to
Capuri river, 378, 379; on the
Macuri river (1595) 382.

Dowle, William, master of the Watt
(1597) XI. 6. , , ^.

Downe, William, master of the Dis-
coverer (1596) x. 477

Downs, the, in Kent, x. 190; Cap-
tain Lancaster at the (1595) xi. 63.

Downton, Nicholas, captain in the
Earl of Cumberland's fleet (1592)
VII. 112; of the Sampson, 118;
and Las Cinque Llaguas, 118;
wounded (1594) 119; returns to
Portsmouth, 123.

212

INDEX

Drachms, money of Aleppo, vi. lo ;
of Bussorah, 12.

Draganti found in Morea, vi. 27.

Drago, tree in Teneriffe, vi. 130 ;
in Madeira, 135.

Dragio, or Drogeo, discovered by
Nicholas and Antonio Zeno (c.
1380) VII. 445 ; Frisland fishermen
in, VII. 456, VII. 457; description,
by Antonio Zeno, vii. 463, 465.

Dragon, the. Earl of Cumberland's
ship (1591) VI. 466.

Dragon, the. Sir Francis Drake's
ship in his voyage to Nombre de
Dios (1572) X. 75-77.

Dragone, Boca de, see Dragos.

Dragos, Boca de (or Dragon's
Mouth) VI. 198, 403.

Drake, the, news-bearer to English
fleet (1589) VII. 5.

Drake, the, John Vaughan, captain
of (1585) X. 98; captured by Sir
Francis Drake, x. 99.

Drake, Edmund, naval chaplain,
father of Sir Francis, xii. 48.

Drake, Sir Bernard, and Newfound-
land fishers (1585) x. 95.

Drake, Sir Francis, i. xxiv., vi. i,
VIII. 129 ; at Nombre de Dios,
xxvii. ; vice-admiral of the Eng-
lish fleet (1588) IV. 208, 218;
and the Easterling hulks, 213;
and Don Pedro de Valdez,
214; his ship shot through
by the Spanish, 225 ; at
Molucca, V. 459, 460; and
the captive Turks (1586) vi. 40;
and the Spanish fleet (1587) 438;
general of the English fleet (1587)
438 ; at Cadiz, 439 ; facsimile of
despatch from, dated 27th April,
1587, 440; deeds of, 477; at
the taking of the Groyne (1589)
489 ; at Puente de Burgos, 492 ;
on the way to Lisbon, 499, 500;
at Cascaes, 502; at Vigo, 513;
at the Azores, 514; at Plymouth,
515; in the West Indies (1585) vii.
40; expected in Terceira (1589) 64;
Ralph Lane and (1586) viii. 320-
342, 343. 345' X. 132, 133; barks
of, VIII. 332; in Virginia, 346;
his voyage from Aguatulco to
north-west of California (1578) ix.

319-326; at Aguatulco (1579) 365;
at Acapulco, 433; at Nova Albion,
321, 322, 324, XII. 60 ; captain of the
Judith (1567) X. 398; in Sir John
Hawkins's fleet (1568) 446; and
his fight with the negroes (1568)
448; in S. Juan d'Ulloa (1568)
454, XII. 50; portrait of, x.
iii. ; voyage of, to Nombre de
Dios, written by Lopez Vaz, x.
75-77, XI. 227-290 ; wounded at
Nombre de Dios, xi. 228 ; voyage
of, to West Indies, by Thomas
Cates (1585) X. 97-134; at S, lago
Island, 103-109; S. lago town,
109, 269, XI. 234 ; takes S.
Domingo, x. iii, 112, xi. 234; and
the resolutions of his land captains
about Cartagena, X. 121-124; at S.
John's Fort in Florida, 128; at
Limaret (1587) 152; voyage of, to
West Indies (1595) 226-245, xii.
64; death of (1596) x. 239, xii. 66;
Spanish lies about, confuted by
Henry Savile (1596) x. 246-265;
West Indian expedition of 1585-6;
map of, engraving of, x. 502 ;
drum of, engraving of, xi.
104; voyage of, to the South
Sea (157V1580) XI. 101-133, 149;
and Nuno da Silva, 134, 146; and
the natives, 155 ; wounded by In-
dians, 138 ; letter of, to his com-
pany, 147; and Thomas Doughty's
judgment and execution (1578) 109,
XII. 56; in the Straits of Magellan,

XI. 260; the Cacafuego taken by
(1579) 116, 264; and the natives
of Nova Albion (1579) 119; and
the King of Nova Albion, 120, 122,

XII. 60 ; and the King of Ternate,
XI. 125 ; near Celebes Islands
{1579) XI. 128; in danger, xi. 129;
in Java, xi. 130; in the Spanish
Indies, xii. 23; treasures brought
home by, 28; and the Virginian
colonists, 41 ; nickname of, 45 ;
' Drake and the Tudor Navy,'
by Julian Corbett, 46 ; captain of
the Judith, 48 ; exploits of, 52 ;
spoils of, in West Indies (1572) 52,
62 ; * Sir Francis Drake revived, '
by Philip Nichols (1626) 53; the
Armada and, 63; at Lisbon, 64;

213

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

' Sir Francis Drake, his voyage,
1595,' by Thomas Maynarde, 64;
Warner on, 97.

Drake, George, of Apsham, ship of,
in consort of the Marigold (1593)
vin. 157; his prize, viii. 158;
voyage of, to Ramea, vin. 161.

Drake, John, captain, sights the
Cacafuego (1579) xi. 116.

Drake, John, captain, adventures of,
in river Plate, xi. 94 ; captain of the
Francis (1582) xi. 172, 175; taken
by natives, 189, 209; escape of,
209; and his pinnace in the river
Plate, sufferings of, 269 ; sent to
the viceroy of Peru, 270.

Drake, Thomas, in Sir Francis
Drake's company (1578) xi. 109.

Drake, Thomas, captain of the
Thomas (1585) x. 98; captain
of the Hope (1595) 234; joint
executor of Sir Francis (1596) 239 ;
his son, heir to Sir Francis, 239;
at the fight of Pinos (1596) 262.

Drake, Thomas, corporal, his prizes
(1586) VI. 437.

Drams, see Drachms.

Drauer, Master, of the Chios trade
(1569) V. 115.

Draward, George, of the Sunshine

(1586) VII. 408.

Dravton, Michael, quotation from,

XII. 34, 77.
Dreadnought, the, Thomas Fenner,

master of (1587) vi. 438.
Drenton, see Drontheim.
Dress of Bezeneger people, v. 389 ;

of Pegu people, 448 ; of Indians

of Florida, x. 52, 57.
Drette, Rue, principal street in

Goa, V. 459.
Drew, Geoffrey, of Lynn, i. 349.
Drew, John, his prizes (1586) vi.

437.
Drinking ceremonial in Guinea

(1557) yi. 227.^
Drinks, in Russian monasteries, 11.

441 ; Thomas Bulley's account of,

448; in Bokhara, 470; African,

VI. 174; Japanese, 328.
Drontheim, Norway, iv. 12, 100; the

Bona Confldentia on the coast of,

II- 35 1 » 372 ; summer trade in, vii,

453-

Dronton, see Drontheim.

Drue, John, of Bastable, factor of
Andrew Barker at Teneriffe (1574)
X. 82 ; imprisoned by the Inquisi-^
tion, 83.

Druel, Sir Humphrey, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Drugs, III. 13 ; Persian and Eng-
lish merchants of (1568) 140;
found in Virginia (1586) viii.

357.
Drunkenness, in England (1589) vi.

4S0; in Guiana, x. 361.
Dubgal, son of Sumerled, King of

Argyll, I. 30, 31.
Dublin, Godred, King of Man, in, i.

31-

Ducat, money of Babylon, vi. 10; of
Bussorah, 12; of Goa, 19; of
Cochin, 21.

Duccala, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.
144.

Du-chef, Sir Gabriel, at the defence
of Rhodes (1522) v. 34

Duckat, see Ducat.

Duck, the, Richard Hawkins, cap-
tain of (15S5) X. 99.

Ducket, Geoffrey, granted Russian
licence (1569) iii. 109; voyage to
Persia, 150 ; illness, 152 ; suc-
ceeds Thomas Banister in Persia,
153 ; and the Cossacks, 155 ; at
Moscow, 157; on Persia, 158-166 j
and Russian officials (1572) 181,
190; and Persian trade, 212, 335.

Ducket, Lionel, granted Russian
licence, iii. 109 ; and Persian
trade, 212.

Ducket, Sir Lionel, and the negro
trade (1562) x. 7.

Duddeley, see Dudley.

Dudley, Ambrose, Earl of Warwick
(i528?-i59o), of the Barbary Com-
pany, VI. 419, 420; and Captain
Frobisher (c. 1576) vii. 278 ; Queen
Elizabeth's visit to, 283; Mount
W^arwick in Hall's Island named
from (1577) 292.

Dudley, Captain, and capture of
negros (1568) ix. 446; death (1568)
IX. 448.

Dudley, Henry, and the Armada
(1588) IV. 217.

Dudley, John, first Duke of North-

214

INDEX

umberland, Richard Eden's epistle
to (1553) X. 2.

Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester,
dedication to, by William Malim,
V. 118; chancellor of Oxford Uni-
versity, 120 ; passport for Thomas
Fuller (c. 1580) 329; of the Bar-
bary Company (1585) vi. 419, 420,
422; Myra Momanyn's letter to
(1587) VI. 430, 431.

Dudley, Sir Robert, Earl of War-
wick, fleet of, I. Ixxviii. ;
knighted at Cadiz (1596) iv.
260; voyage of, to Trinidad,
etc. (1594) X. 203-212; ships cap-
tured by (1595) 205; and the dis-
covery of Guiana, 206 ; descrip-
tion of Guiana by, 207; portrait
of, 208; captain of Orocoa and,
208; Spanish ship sunk by (1595)
210; on El Dorado, 361; and the
ships of Richard Allot (1596) xi.
417.

Duel of Captain Andrew Barker and
Philip Roche at Veragua (1576) x.

85.
Dufifield, owner of the Richard

(1590) VII. 31.
Duffild, captain of the Crane (1591)

VII. 41.
Dufgald, son of Nel, and Loglen, i.

38 f.
Dufgaldus, see Dufgald.
Dufglas, see Douglas, Isle of Man.
Duina, see Dvina.
Duisburg, Gerardus Mercator at

(1581) III. 453, 457.
Duke, Peter, in Sir Francis Drake's

fleet, death of (1586) x. 134.
Dulce, Rio, vi. 158, 159.
Dulgallus, see Dubgal,
Dulwer, John, of Cley, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 64.
Dumaryn Point, in land of Mindora,

IX. 330.
Dumitch, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

^327-

Duna river, see Dvina.

Dunkerk, see Dunkirk.

Dunkirk, and the ships for the
Armada (1588) iv. 204; besieged
by Seymer and Lonck, 209; Duke
of Parma at, and the Armada,

Dunne, Samuel, of the Richard of

Arundel, in Benin (1588) vi. 460;,

death of, in the Azores, vi. 460.
Dunstan, Archbishop, i. 22.
Dunwich, Suffolk, contention be-

tween Cinque Ports and, i. 44;

ships in Edward III.'s fleet,

299.
Duoron, Isle of, the Bonaventure at

(1591) VIII. 151.
Durfoorth, see Durfurth.
Durfurth, Cornelius, master of the

Conjidentia, 11. 206, 214.
Durham, Anthony Beck, bishop of,

patriarch of Jerusalem (1305) iv.

370.
Durham, John, survivor of the Tohy

(1593) VII. 129.
Durham, Simon, of Wiveton and

Prussian pirates, 11. 65, 66, 67.
Duriforth, John, manner on the

Bona Confidentia (1553) 11. 214.
Durisme, see Durham.
Dursies, the, off west Ireland (1578)

VII. 231.
Durward, Thomas, Earl of Athole,

I. 37-

Dutch or Deutsch Knights, cata-
logue of the Grand Masters of the
Order of the, 11. i-ii ; defeated by
Vladislaus, King of Poland, 7 f. ;
league between Poland and, 8-11 ;
rebellion of Prussia against, 9 ;
overthrow of the Order of the,
1 1 ; ambassadors of the, to
Richard II., 12.

Dutch, free from toll in Russia
(1554) II. 276.

Dutch trade in Kegor, 11. 373 ;
leather trade, 383 ; interference
with English merchants in Russia
(1583) III. 316; soldiers, eighty
bands of, in the Armada (1588) iv.
-205 ; fishing trade in Lapland

(1557) n. 374-
Dutton, William, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.
Duina, see Dvina.
Duyna, see Dvina.
Dvina, province of Russia, iii. 358;

description of, 363 ; products of,

368.
Dvina river, in Russia, iii. 6S, 363,

VII. 183, 199; oil made on, 11.

215

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

224, 225, 263 ; Anthony Jenkin-
son on, 418; Osep Napea on, 426;
fish in, in. 71 ; St. Michael's Mon-
astery on, 73 ; English trade on,
93. 95. 109. ii6» 469, 474; Eng-
lish trade restricted to Muscovy
Company, 97 ; description, 103 ; the
Searchthrift in, 122 ; sixth Per-
sian expedition on, 214; Yug and
Sukhona, tributaries, 406.

Dyeing, Richard Hakluyt's, of the
Middle Temple, instructions about,
V. 229-234.

Dyer, Andrew, master's mate in
Captain Frobisher's second voy-
age to the west and north-west
(1577) VII. 217; master of the
Hopewell (1578) vii. 231; pilot of
the Aid (1577) vii. 285, 295.

Dyer, Sir Edward (d. 1607) i- xxix.

Dyer's cape, discovered by John
Davys (1585) vii. 389.

Dyes, Russian, 11. 383; Venetian,
III. 52 ; Persian (1579) iii. 249 ;
found in the Western Planting
(1583) VIII. 116; in Virginia (1586)
VIII. 357; in Florida, viii. 452;
in Guiana, x. 426.

Eagle, the, at Flores (1590) viii.

^421.

Earl of Cumberland's Isles, dis-
covered by John Davys (1587) vii.
420.

Earle, Thomas, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 70.

Earnest, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Earthquakes, in Iceland (1581) iv.
17, 107; in S. Michael Island
(1591) VII. 79; in Terceira Island,
80; in Meta Incognita, 228, 374;
in Mexico, ix. 380, 457,

Earwig, the, pinnace of Sir Robert
Dudley (1594) x. 204.

East Seas, princes of the, agreement
of, III. 177.

Easter Customs in Russia, 11. 436.

Easterland, ships of. King of
Spain's commission concerning
(1585) VI. 417.

Easterlings, Witland, country per-
taining to, I. 15 ; bad dealings of
(1583) VIII. 135.

Eastern Russian countries, opened

to English trade (1588) iii. 355.
Eastland, see Lithuania.
Eastmeere, and its tributaries, i.

15-

Eastwestone, i. 48.

Eaton, George, assistant to the Mus-
covy Company, 11. 307.

Ecatepec, highest hill discovered in
New Spain (1570) ix. 370.

Ecawini river, x. 494.

Ecclesia Major, principal church in
Mexico, IX. 431.

'Ecclesiastical History, 'by Eusebius,

VIII. 105.

* Ecclesiastical History,' by Theo-

doratus, viii. 106.
Ecfrid, King of Northumberland, i.

10.
Eclauou, King, vassal of King

Utina (1564) IX. 21.
Ecrowto river, x. 492.
Eddystone, off Plymouth, vii. 30;

the Hope on (1595) x. 226; rock

in Straits of Magellan resembling,

XI. 297.
Edelano, King of, Captain Laudon-

niere and (1565) ix. 67.
Edelano Island, in the river May,

IX. 54; Peter Gamby at (1565)

55-

Edell, see Volga.

Eden, Captain, frigate of, sunk
(1596) X. 241.

Eden, Richard (1521-1576) historian,
I. xxiv. ; on Muscovy, 11. 239 ff. ;
and Queen Mary, 270 ; descrip-
tion of Africa, by (1553) vi. 142;
on the Ocean Sea, vii. 199 ; * A
Treatise of New India,' translated
by (1553) X. 2 ; and the voyage of
Sir Thomas Pert and Sebastian
Cabot (1516) 4; preface to his
translation of Peter Martyr's
' Decades,' xii. 35.

Edenborough, see Edinburgh.

Edesius, scholar of Meropius, viii.
104 ; butler of the King of India,
104; leaves India, 105.

Edgar, grandson of Edmund Iron-
side, voyage to Jerusalem of (1102)
IV. 295.

Edgar, King (944-75), i. 16 ff. ;
navy of, mentioned by several

16

INDEX

authors, i. Iv. ; praise of, ii. 138-

141, 144.
Edgerton, Lionel, at Azafi (1577) vi.

285.
Edict of Mully Hamed, Emperor of

Morocco (1587) VI. 428, 429.
Ediestone, see Eddystone.
Edil, see Volga.
Edinburgh, Queen's court at, 11.

253; Spanish refugees at (1588)

IV. 232 ; Lord Robert Steward,

imprisoned in (1577) vii. 287.
Edmund Ironside, King, i. 24, iv.

295-

Edmund, son of Edmund Ironside,
I. 24. 25, IV. 295.

Edmund, brother of Prince Edward,
son of Henry III. (1270) iv. 365.

Edward, King, i. 7.

Edward the Confessor, i. 25 ; and
the charter, i. 294 ; and the Cinque
Ports, 42, 43, 50; vision of (1056)
IV. 285 ; and William, Earl of
Normandy (1064) iv. 291.

Edward I. of England, i. 45; the
Hanse Towns and, xlviii. ; and
the Cinque Ports privileges, Ivii.,
50 ; his charter, i. 46 ; part of his
charter to the barons of the Cinque
Ports, 293-296; his voyage to Asia
(1270) IV. 359-366.

Edward II. of England, letters to
Haco, King of Norway, i. 341 ff.

Edward III. of England, fleet of, i.
Ivii., 297-299; and the Dutch or
Deutsch knights, 11. 13 ; and Brit-
tany, 119; and Dartmouth, 120;
his statute concerning Lombards.
121; his forces at the siege of
Calais (1347) 142.

Edward IV. of England, commerce
under, i. li. ; grants charter to
English merchants (1462) 11. 147;
embassy from John II., King of
Portugal (1481) VI. 123.

Edward VI. of England, grant of
corporation, 11. 201, iii. 83, 84;
granting charter of Bridewell to
the citizens of London, engraving
of, II. 208; his letter to
kings and princes of the north-
east regions (1553) II. 209-211;
death of, 245 ; his letters delivered
to the Emperor of Russia, 256,
XII 21

261 ; Ivan Vasiliwich's letter to,
271, 272; beginning of Rus-
sian relations with England
under, iii. 3 ; made Sebastian
Cabot grand pilot of England
(1548) VII. 156; granted annuity
to Sebastian Cabot, 157; and
company of merchant adventurers,
XII. 22.

Edward, hostage in Guinea (1556)
VI. 208.

Edward or Jorweth Drwydion, son
of Owen Gwynedd (c. 1170) vii.

133-
Edward, son of Edmund Ironside,

I. 24, 25, IV. 295.

Edward, the gunner's man, drowned

off Puna Island (1587) xi. 318.
Edward Bonaventure, the, crew of,

II. 213 f. ; Chancellor, captain of
the, 239, 245, 246, 279, 281 ; ap-
pointed return of the, 287 ; in
Russia (1554) 314, III. 85, 331; at
Orwell, II. 323 ; wreck of the (1556)

II- 351. 359, 379, "I- 334; goods
recovered from wreck, 11. 390.

Edward Bonaventure, the, of the
English merchants' fleet (1586)
VI. 47 ; bound for Venice, vi. 48 ;
rear-admiral, voyage of the (1591)
VI. 387-407; James Lancaster,
captain of, vi. 390, x. 194;
William Mace, master of, vi. 392 ;
doubles the Cape of Good Hope
(1591) X. 194; captures of, 195 f. ;
and Englishman found at S.
Helena Island (1593) 197; mutiny
on board (1592) 196; (1593) 199;
return to England of, 200.

Edward Bonaventure, of Sir John
Hawkins's fleet, at Flores (1590)
VIII. 421.

Edward Bonaventure, the, Edward
Fenton's ship (1582) xi. 163, 172;
Luke Warde, captain of, 165 ; the,
loses the galleon Leicester (1583)
197; and the Indians of Brazil,
199.

Edivard Cotton, the, voyage of
(1583) VI. 408; loss of the, VI.
411 ; confession of William Bends
concerning loss of, vi. 412.

Edwards, Arthur, 11. 213; agent for
Muscovy Company (1553) 291, iii.

7 P

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

332 ; letter to Thomas Nicols
(1565) III. 44; to Sir Thomas
Lodge, 46; first letter to the
Muscovy Company, 54-63; second
letter, 64-67; kindness shown to,
56; and the customs officer, 59;
his appreciation of Anthony Jen-
kinson, 63 ; his Persian privilege,
64; in the fourth voyage to
Persia (1569) 136-140; received by
the Shah, 143 ; privileges granted,
144 ; in the sixth voyage to Persia,
212; winters at Astrakhan, 217;
death (1580) 232, 335. ^

Edwards, John, boatswain's mate on
the Bona Confidentia (1553) 11.
214.

Edwards, Laurence, purser's mate
on the Bona Esperanza, 11. 213.

Edwards, Thomas, distress of, at
Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Edwin, king of Northumberland, i.
8 f.

Edystone, see Eddystone.

Egaeus, death of, iv. 72, 173.

Egerton, Captain, on the Foresight,
death of (1596) x. 240.

Eggs, Easter, in Russia, 11. 436.

Egillus, twelfth bishop of Holen, in
Iceland (1332) iv. 55, 154.

Egomort, Sir Peter, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Egrand, French ship at (1577) vi.
240; William Towerson at, vi.
242 ; the Minion at, vi. 242 ; the
Tiger at, vi. 243,

Egrets in Florida, x. 61.

Egripts, see Egrets.

Eguemortes (Aiguesmortes), Prince
Edward embarks at (1270) iv.

359.

Egypt, Athelard in (1130) iv. 307;
Lent in, v. 44; map of, engraving
of, 176; commandment for (1584)
V. 288; voyage of John Evesham
to (1586) VI. 35-38; of Laurence
Aldersey, 39-46.

Egyptian Sea, south of Cyprus, v.
124.

Eisleben, Martin Luther born in, v.
321.

Eiton, see Eyton.

Elabath, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.
144.

Eland, Wolstan and, i. 15.

Elbe, the, at Hamburg, Henry

Austell at (1585) v. 320, 327.
Elbing, Sir Jerome Horsey at (1584)

III. 345 ; senate of, and WiUiam
Harborne (1588) vi. 58.^

Elbogan, pine trees in, in Iceland,

IV. 36, 132.

Elburg, II. 10; English merchants
and goods seized in, 15-18; mer-
cantile differences settled in, 22.

Elcair, kingdom of, under kingdom
of Fez, in Africa, vi. 144.

Elchies, Emperor of Morocco and
his (1577) VI. 288.

Eldergay, Bathy's agent, and the
papal legates, i. 164, 165.

El Dorado, city, XI. 18; reported on, by
Armago, x. 208 ; in Guiana, 340 ;
magnificence of, 356 ; origin of
name of, 362 ; various letters con-
cerning, X. 432-441 ; Sir Walter
Raleigh and his plans about, xii.

42, 7^'

El Dorado river, see Maranon.

Eldred, John, John Newbery's letters
to, from Ormuz (1583) v. 457,
458; voyage of, to Tripolis and
Bussorah (1583) vi. 1-9; engraving
of monument to, 8 ; of the
Levant Company (1592) 76, 78.

Eleanor, mother of Richard I., at
Naples (1191) IV. 325, 327.

Elephants, white, in Pegu, v. 421,
487; hunting and taming, 422,
486, 488 ; in war time, 424, 489 ;
in Ceylon, 501; description (1555)
VI. 164, 165.

Elgazair, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.
144.

Elie, see Ely,

Elinore, see Eleanor.

Eliot, Hugh, of Bristol, discoverer
of Newfoundland, 11. 178, vii.

155-

Elisha, prophet, and the duke of
Samaria, x. 44.

Elizabeth Bay, named by Thomas
Cavendish (1587) xi. 300; anchor-
age, XI. 372.

Elizabeth Island, xi. 357 ; named by
Sir Francis Drake (1578) xi. 158.

Elizabeth, Lady, tomb of, at Mar-
burg, II. 2.

218

INDEX

Elizabeth, Queen of Castile and
Aragon, and Christopher Colum-
bus, VIII. 442.

Elizabeth, Queen (1533-1603), i.
17; portrait of, i. iii. ; and
Sigismund, King of Poland,
II. 485-487 ; letters to Emperor of
Russia, III. 3 ; to the Sophi of
Persia (1561) iii. 6; and the Mus-
covy Company, 83 ; letter of
Sigismund, King of Poland, to
(1567) 99, 100; and the Russian
ambassadors (1567) 98-100; letter
to Ivan Vasiliwich, Emperor
of Russia (1568) loi ; her pre-
sent to him, 106; and the
Emperor of Russia (1572) 175-179;
her letters to Shah Thomas, Sophi
of Persia (1579) 212-214; letters
of, entrusted to Arthur Pet, in.
255» 257; unfriendliness of the
Emperor of Russia towards
(1583) 320; her letters to Ivan
Vasiliwich, Emperor of Russia
(1583) 312;^ (1591) 422; her
letter to Boris Feodorowich, 428;
Feodor Ivanowich's letter to
(1591) 432; (1583) 484; Boris Feo-
dorowich Godonova's letter to 434-
436 ; her promise of help against
Russia's enemies an article of the
league, 469, 471, 473, 479, 481;
enters London in triumph (1588)
IV. 233 ; prayer by, 239 ; letters
from Murad Khan to (1579) v.
169; (1581) 189; to Murad Khan
(1579) 171, 175; (1581) 189; (1582)
221, 224; (1584) 311 ; to Ali Pasha,
Turkish admiral (1582) 228; from
Mustapha Chaus (1583) 258; to
Akbar, King of Cambay (1583)
450; to the King of China
(1583) 451; Sinan Pasha's letter
(1590) VI. 60-72 ; privileges to
Levant Company (1592) 73-92;
letter to the Chief Vizier, 99 ; pre-
sents to Murad Khan and the Sul-
tana, 102 ; letter from Murad
Khan's Sultana (1594) 114, 116;
privileges to the Barbary Com-
pany (1585) 419; letter to the Em-
peror of Morocco (1587) 432, 433;
grants patent to traders in Guinea
(15S8) 443-450, VII. 90; patent to

Thomas Gregory (1592) vii. 102;
and Sir Walter Raleigh (1592)
106 ; and the Madre de Dios, 1 17 ;
letters of, to the Emperor of Ethi-
opia (1597) 129, 131; and Captain
Martin Frobisher (1576) 204, 283,
321, XII. 27; letters patent to
Adrian Gilbert, for discovery
of China passage (1583) vii.
375-381 ; names Meta Incognita,
VIII. 2 ; her letters patent to Sir
Humphrey Gilbert for colonising
America (1578) 17-23, xii. 36; let-
ters patent granted to Sir Walter
Raleigh by (1584) viii. 289-296;
Indian name of, x. 354 ; her
effigy on new twenty-shilling
pieces given to Indians (1595) 415;
' patroness and defender of the
Indians ' (1596) 464; letter to the
Emperor of China (1596) xi. 417-
419, 419-421 ; her men, xii. 25 ; her
policy, 43 ; her navy, 44.

Elizabeth, the, leaves St. Nicholas
for England (1581) iii. 246.

Elizabeth, the, and Spanish ships
(1590) VII. 31.

Elizabeth, the, of Sir Richard Gren-
ville's voyage to Virginia (1585)
VIII. 310.

Elizabeth, the, of Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, xii. 55; sunk (1596)
x. 241 ; return of, to England, xii.
60.

Elizabeth, the, John Winter's ship
(1578) XI. 137, 148, 155; lost sight
of (1578) 159.

Elizabeth, the, ship of Edward Fen-
ton (1582) XI. 172 ; on Guinea coast
(1582) 173.

Elizabeth Bonaventure, the, Thomas
Fenner, captain in the (1585) x.
98.

Elizabeth Bonaventure, John Traugh-
ton, captain of, at the fight of
Pinos (1596) X. 262.

Elizabeth Constance, the, of Sir
Francis Drake's fleet (1595) x.
227, 235.

Elizabeth Jonas, the, of the English
fleet (1588) IV. 218.

Elizabeth of Dartmouth, the, in
John Davys 's third voyage to the
north (1587) VII. 414.

19

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Elizabeth of Guernsey, the, and
Hassan, viceroy of Algiers (1584)
V. 280; crew, V. 281.

Elizabeth Stokes of London, the,
and Hassan, viceroy of Algiers
(1584) V. 280; crew, 282.

Elizaeus, see Elisha.

Elkin, William, adventurer for
Brazil (1580) xi. 33.

Ellerichshausen, Conrad ab, twenty-
seventh master of the Dutch
knights, II. 8.

Ellerichshausen, Lewis ab, twenty-
eighth master of the Dutch
knights (1450) II. 9.

Ellis, John, of the Sunshine of Lon-
don (1585) VII. 382.

Ellis, John, master of the Moon-
shine (1585) VII. 382; and the
natives, 387.

Ellis, John, master of the White
Lion (1589) XI. 381.

Ellis, Robert, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Ellis, Simon, of the Sunshine (1586)
VII. 409.

Ellis, Thomas, his account of Cap-
tain Frobisher's third voyage to
Meta Incognita (1578) vii. 231.

Ellis, Thomas, settler in Virginia
(1587) vm. 402.

Ellis, Thomas, condemned to galleys
by Inquisition of Seville (1570) ix.
464.

Eliot, John, assistant to the Mus-
covy Company, 11. 307.

Elmes, Richard, surgeon to the Em-
peror of Russia, III. 324.

El Pongo, fall on the Amazon river,
XI. 17.

Elson, Robert, of Dantiske, 11. 296.

Eltham Manor, near Greenwich, iv.

371-
Elvas, birth-place of Lopez Vaz, x.

75-

Elvers, Anthony, of the Swallow
(1584) V. 281.

Ely, Bishop of, chancellor of Eng-
land (1190) IV. 320.

Ely, Bishop of, and the Russian am-
bassador (1556) II. 356, 357,

359-
Ely, Isle of, English Catholic re-
cusants at (1588) IV. 208.

Emanuel, King of Portugal, and
the tax on horses, vi. 15 ; his
ammunition and arms, 496.

Emanuel, King of Portugal, and the
discovery of Brazil, xi. 248.

Emanuel, Portuguese calker, and
Thomas Cavendish (1586) xi. 292.

Emanuel, the, John Newbery and
(1583) v. 454.

Emden, Sir Jerome Horsey at (1584)
III. 345 ; levies made at, for the
Armada (1588) iv. 204; Henry
Austell at (1585) v. 327.

Emeralds, found in the Iwaripoco by
Vincent Pinzon, x. 491.

Emeria, mentioned by Sir Walter
Raleigh (1595) x. 417; King of,
Carapana, x. 423 ; and Antonio de
Berreo, 372 ; his flight to Cairomo,
419.

Emery, John, his escape from the
Contractation House and recapture
(1570) IX. 463; condemned to gal-
leys, 464.

Emmanuel, negro of the Lewis
(1587) XI. 311; and the English
at Puna Island, 317.

Emmanuel of Bridgwater, or Busse,
of Frobisher's third voyage to the
North-west, vii. 243 ; Captain
Newton of, vii. 322 ; attendant on
the Thomas Allen, 325 ; dangers
of, 341.

Emmanuel of Exeter, the, Captain
Courtney of (1578) vii. 322.

Emola, King, Captain Laudon-
niere's carpenters killed by the
sons of (1565) IX. 66; and the
landing of the Spaniards in
Florida (1565) 90.

Emoloa, food found at, by Captain
Laudonniere (1565) ix. 75.

Emparepana town, mentioned by Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 417.

Empedocles on the causes of hot
springs, iv. 35, 130.

Empoli, John de, discoveries of
(1497-15 10) VIII. 128.

Empress Dowager of Russia sent to
Ouglets (1584) m. 337.

Emyri, descendants of the Prophet,

v'. 351-
Enacappe, King, vassal of King
Utina (1564) IX. 21,

220

INDEX

Enam province, in China, xi. 381.

Encisa, city in Spain, x. 171.

Enciza, Martin Fernandez de, de-
scription of the Amazon by, xi.
19-22.

Enckhuysen, see Enkhuizen.

Enecaque, Captain Laudonniere at
(1565) IX. 54, 67.

Eneguape, see Enecaque.

Enerus, Otto, thirtieth bishop of
Schalholt, in Iceland (1589) iv. 60,

159-
Enganno, Cabo del, discovered by
Captain UUoa, latitude of (1540)

IX. 278.

Enganno, Cabo del, in Hispaniola,

X. 327; latitude of, 333.
Enganno, Isla del. Captain Gualle

at (1584) IX. 326.
England, discoveries, i. Ixvi. f. ;
agreement between and Prussia
(1388) II. 18-24, (1409) 98-103;
Prussian merchants privileges in,
23 ; promises of restitution to
Prussia, 38-41 ; and the Hanse
merchants, 55, 95-98; importance
of the Narrow Sea to, 11. 114,
130 f., 145; and the Hanse towns,
34-36; Thome's map of, 11. 169;
route for bringing Persian goods
to (1568) III. 147; Emperor Bald-
win's visit to (1247) IV. 353;
voyage of Lyon, King of Armenia,
to (1386) 445; Kings of, called
themselves Kings of Jerusalem, v.
125 ; arms of, on Levant Com-
pany's ships (1581) 197; ships of.
King of Spain's commission to
arrest the (1585) vi. 417 ; climate of,
VII. 268 ; comparison with Morocco,
269 ; fish trade with Frisland,

450-

English, Edmund, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 402.

English merchants attacked by Tar-
tars, III. 150; products sold in
Persia, 53 ; coins, 152 ; trade
with Sweden, 207; soldiers under
Sir William Stanley in the Armada
(1588) IV. 205; at Dunkirk, 220.

English Port, see Ingles Port.

Englishmen's Strait, between New-
foundland and Greenland, ix. 381.

Engroneland, see Greenland.

Engrontland, see Greenland.
Engus, son of Sumerled, king of

Argyll, I. 30; victory over Regi-
nald, 33 ; death of, 34.
Enkhuizen, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 320.
Enriquez, Don Martin, new viceroy

of Mexico (1567), at San Juan

d'Ulloa, XII. 49.
Ensenore, Indian, death of (1586)

viii. 333-337-
Ensign, black and white, seen in

Countess of Warwick's Sound, vii.

359-

Ensigns and colours, Spanish, in St.
Paul's Cathedral (1588) iv. 234;
English, at Cadiz (1596) 251.

Entremonson, vi. 29.

Eparacano, nephew of Topiawari,
christened Don Juan, x. 412.

Eparagotos, nation near the Caroli
river, enemy to the Spaniards and
the Inga (1595) x. 402, 405.

Epenscheid, John, Livonian messen-
ger, II. 88, 92.

Ephesus, Neophytus, Metropolitan
of, in Russia, 11. 185.

Ephesus, mountains of, iv. 26, 118;
bishop of, and the English am-
bassadors, 287 ; Diana's Temple in,
V. 119; gulf of, Richard Wrag in
the (1594) VI. 107.

Epimes, gulf of, Turkish galleys
enter the (1522) v. 15.

Epirus, see Albania.

Episcopia, town, in Cyprus, v. 125.

Epithymum, found in Crete, vi. 27.

Eppera town, near Berbice river, x.
494.

Epuramei from Peru, conquerors of
Guiana, x. 400, 475 ; subject to
the Emperor of Guiana, 401 ;
enemies of, 403.

Epyrus, see Albania.

Equator, xi. 153 ; causes of heat
under the, vii. 255-268 ; cold nights
under the, 271.

Equi, Don John's town in Guinea
(1562) VI. 260.

Equier, see Esquire.

Equinoctial, see Equator.

Eracano, native of Virginia, and
Ralph Lane (1585) viii. 335.

Eramacoa, Indian captain, x. 493.

221

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Erasbec, Sultan, and Arthur Ed-
wards, HI. 136; and Lionel Plum-
tree, 154.

Erasinus river, in Argolica, iv. 36,

Erasmo, Captain, da Fermo, killed
at the siege of Famagusta (1571)

V. i37» 151-
Erigena, John, life and travels of,

IV. 280; death of (884) 282.
Erigene, see Erigena.
Erington, Captain, at the taking of

Puente de Burgos (1589) vi. 492.
Erinsleiben in Saxony, v. 321.
Erizo, James, captain of the White

Lion (1585) X. 98.
Ermine, magistrate in Alexandria

(1584) v. 271.
Errif, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.

144.
Ersola, Thomas de, pilot, taken

prisoner by Thomas Cavendish

(1587) XI. 327; conspires against

Thomas Cavendish (1587) 331;

executed, 332.
Escot, lieutenant in Sir Francis

Drake's fleet, death of (1586) x.

134-

Escovedo, secretary to Philip II.,
King of Spain (1588) iv. 198.

Escudamor, Sir James, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV, 260.

Escudo Island, Sir Francis Drake at
(1596) X. 239; death of Sir Francis
Drake near (1596) 253.

Escumas, second sort of sugar, vi.
128.

Escutcheon of the King of Spain
(1586) X. 114.

Eseven, George, in Virginia (1585)
viii. 317.

Espanna, Nueva, see New Spain.

Espannoles, Puerto de los, see Port
of Spain.

Espartel, Cape, Laurence Aldersey
at (1586) VI. 39; casting away of
the Toby near (1593) vii. 124, 125.

Espejo, Antonio de, voyage of, and
discovery of New Mexico by (1583)
IX. 169-185, 186-204; at St. Bar-
tholomew Valley (1582) 188, 203;
presents from Indians, 192 ; deci-
sion about fresh discoveries (1582)
196; deserted by most of his

soldiers (1582) 199; account of
voyage, sent to the Conde of
Corunna (1583) 204.

Esperes, horsemen in the Turkish
army (1553) v. 105.

Espiney, L', ensign of Francis de
Roberval (1542) viii. 283, 288.

Espirito Santo, El Cabo de, in the
Philippines, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 327.

Espirito Santo, town, in Brazil, de-
scription, XI. 250; Fenton at,
269.

Espoir, the, of Hableneff, Denis
Blundell, captain (1557) vi. 218.

Esquimaux, Captain Frobisher's first
acquaintance with, xii. 27.

Esquire or Equier, of the Grand
Signior, pay of, vi. 62 ; servitors
of the, or Seiesir, pay of, 64.

Essequibo, x. 376, 459 ; named after
the Earl of Essex, 460, 494; Fer-
dinand, Indian pilot of Sir Walter
Raleigh, settled at, 455 ; descrip-
tion, XI. II.

Essex, Countess of, and the boy
prisoner of Thomas Cavendish
(1587) XI. 327.

Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, i.
Iviii. ; and the voyage to Cadiz

(1596) IV. 236, 250, VII. 40, X. 266;
secret council called by, iv. 240;
portrait of, iv. 240; head of a
squadron, 242, 248; takes Cadiz,
252 ; and the wounded, vi. 481 ;
and the English fleet (1589) 495;
at Peniche, 496; at Lisbon, 500,
501, 507; cartel to Spanish general
(1589) 508 ; departure for England,
511; voyage of, to the Azores

(1597) X. 280 ; gentleman adven-
turer. XII. 66.

Essiran, province in China, xi. 380.

Estampes, a gentleman of Com-
minges, ix. 103.

Estates, three, in Japan, vi. 329.

Estazia Island, Sir Francis Drake
at (1595) X. 229.

Esterlings, 11. 122 ; and Russian
leather trade, 383.

Estivi, money of Bussorah, vi. 11.

Estland, vii. 463 ; attempted con-
quest of, by Nicolo Zeno (c. 1380)
VII. 450.

222

INDEX

Eston, William, master of the Sun-
shine of London (1585) vii. 382;
discoveries of, 403.

Estotiland, the Sunshine at (1586)
VII. 407 ; discovered by Nicholas
and Antonio Zeno (1380) 445, 464;
description of, 455, 463, 465; Fris-
land fishermen in, 455, 458; trade
with Greenland, 456; discovered
formerly by Frisland fishermen,
464.

Estremadura, people of, and the de-
fence of Spain (1585) x. 96,

Estrecho de todas Santos, 11. 169,
176 f.

Estria, see Istria.

Esturmy (Sturmy) Sir William, am-
bassador to Prussia, 11, 27, 28, 30,
47> 55. 59, 79, 84, 85, 87, 91.

Esurgny or Esnoguy, way of procur-
ing, in Hochelaga (1535) viii. 233;
chains made of, presented to
Jacques Cartier (1536) 256, 257,
265. _

Etaiguinams, enemies of the Span-
ish (1596) X. 474 .

Ethelwold, bishop of Winchester, i.
22.

Ethingham, Sir William de, vice-
admiral (1409) II. 104.

Ethiope, see Ethiopia.

Ethiopia, iv. 26, 118; locusts as
food in, 84, 189; David, Em-
peror of, VI. 144; people of, or
Nigritae, 167 ; divisions of,
168, 169 ; animals and products
of, 169 ; Emperor of, letters
of Queen Elizabeth to (1579) vii.
129, 131.

Ethiopians, or Saracens, Jenghiz
Khan and the, i. 146 ; conquered
and converted by Constantine,
viii. 106.

Etilia, see Volga.

Etiquette in court, in Russia, 11.
226 f., 255 f., 428, 430, 432; at
table, 227, 257 f., 293, 421, 428-

430, 432-

Euboea, ortogules in, iii. 399.

Eucunocamindono, Augustine, gover-
nor of half the kingdom of Finga,
XI. 425, 429.

Euet, see Evet.

Euphorbium, found in Barbary, vi. 27.

Euphrates, near Azaron, v. 409,
V. 446, 465 ; branch of, at
Aleppo, Syria, v. 108; fiat-
bottomed boats on the, 367; Tig-
ris and, meeting point of, 371 ;
Birrah on, vi. 3 ; description of,

Euracco river, xi. 7.

Europa river, tributary of the Ori-
noco river, x. 395.

Europe, Thome's map of Eastern,
II. 170 f.

Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea, and
the Jerusalem mother, iv. 73, 175;
on Empress Helena, 271 ; Flavius
Constantine and, 275 ; life of
Octavius, King of Britain, by,
276 ; ' Ecclesiastical History, ' viii.
105.

Eustace, brother of Godfrey de
Bouillon, in the Holy Land (1097)
IV. 294.

Eutropius on Flavius Constantine,
IV. 274.

Euxinus Sea, see Black Sea.

Evagrius, Scholasticus, ecclesiasti-
cal writer, viii. 107.

Evans, assistant to Edward Fenton
(1582) XI. 163, 176; at Sierra
Leone, 175.

Evans, John, in Virginia (1585) viii. '
318.

Evans, Richard, and Henry Roberts,
ambassador to Turkey (1585) vi.
426.

Evats, lizards like, in the houses of
Sapies, x. 20.

Eversby, James, at Port Desire
(1592) XI. 399.

Every, William, cooper on the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1553) H.
214.

Evesham, John, his voyage to
Egypt (1586) VI. 35-38; account
of voyage to the Azores (1586) 434-

437-
Evet, William, at Santos, Brazil

(1581) XI. 37.
Ewaipanoma nation, headless people,
near Caora river, x. 406, 423,

Ewiapanomos, see Ewaipanoma.
Ewparepani, on Caroli river, x.
423-
123

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Exchang-e. the. in l.otuion (15S7) vi.

37-
Exchaui^c. (ho. ot Bristol. Captain

Roberts in. and William Kitii;

(150-') X. 10;,.
ExthatiKit'. tho. ot" Sir Francis

Dralvo's tloot (1505) x. j::;.
Exotor morchants, privilegfos granted

to (isSv^^ VI. 44^^ 440.
Exeter Sound discovered by John

Davys (1585) vii. ^^Sq.
Exmouth, ships from, in Kdward

IlT/s tloot. I. io;.
• Expedition of King Richard,' the.

by William tho Pilgrim, iv. ;>45.
Expedition, tho, of London, and the

survivors of the Toby (iSQ^) vii.

Ey, set^ Eye.

Eye. in SutTolk. xi. 2qo.

Eyms. William, his ledger book

Eynos, or Eynus, Captain, in Sir
Walter Raleigh's expedition to
Guiana (1505) x. 370. 417; dis-
covery of S.iyma by. ^lO.

Eyton. or Yatton, in Hereford.
Richard Hakhiyt. Esquire of (1572)
IX. 37S; his family and. xii. 77.

Ezokiol's prophecv about Tvre, vi.

Ezlem. near the Red Sea. v. ;47 :
caravans of pilgrims at. 304.

Ezrabt^ta Cassipuna Aquerewana.
Indian name of Ouoen Ell/abeth
(1505) X. 354.

Ezzah. in Africa, vi. 14J.

Faar-Islands. see Faroe.

Faareyiar, sot^ Faroe.

Faber, John, clerk, afterwards bishop
of Vienna, ambassador to England
(1527) V. 01.

Fabian, see Fabyan.

Fabian, William, and John II.,
King of Portugal (14S1) vi. 123.

Fabiano, Mario do. Captain en-
slaved at Famagusta (1571) v.
152.

Fabriano or Fabiano, Giacomo de
Captain, killed at the defence of
Famagusta V157O v. 137, i^o.

Fabyan. Robert ^^d. 1513), chronicler.
I. xxvli. ; intended voyage of

Henry IV. to the Holy Land by
(1413) IV. 455; chronicle of, on
Sebastian C.ibot 11407"! vu. 154,

Faces, painted, ot Russian women.
III. 410.

Factory, Portuguese, in Z.\n/ibar
(^1501) VI. 30 J.

F.icv. Captain, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition up the Cap-
uri river (1505) x. 3S0.

Faial. see Fayal.

F.iir Island, Captain Martin Fro-
bisher sights (1570) vii. -^''4.

Fairs, in Mexico city, ix. 3S0.

Falrwoather, Richard, master of
Captain John Drake's pinnace,
adventures of (15S3) xi. 04;
escape of. with John l^rake (1587)
20Q ; sutTorings of, Jt>o.

Faith, Charles, of tho Lev.mt Com-
pany (150.:) VI. SS.

Falchinos of Caesar Frederick, faith-
fulness of (1567) V. 300: of tho
King of Pegu. 415.

FitJcoii. tho. of London, in S.
Mich.iel harbour (1580) vii. 3.

Falcons, caught by Captain Burton,
at God's Slorcy Cape 05^5) ^'"•
303; found in Nirginia (1580) viii.
3(.x) ; in Florida, 451.

F.\lconara Island. William Harborne
at (1583) v. 250.

Falorno. Richard I. at (1100) iv.

Falornum. see Falerno.

Falls, see Cataracts.

Falmouth, the Jesus driven to (1583)
V. -:o3 ; John Xewbory at (1583)
45:?. 453; Earl of Essex leaves
(1580) VI. 405; Earl of Cumber-
land lands at (1580) vii. 30. 31;
John Davys at U5^5^ .^^ ' J return
of the Goidcti f/imi to (1583) viii.
74; departure of the Marii:[o}d
from (15Q3) 157; Charles Leigh at
(1507) 160; the Tiger at (1585)
317; Henry May returns to (1504)
X. 203 ; French ship from tho
Amazon river at. 300 ; Sir
Francis Drake at (^1577) xi. 102 ;
lohn Winter's ships at ^^77^
"148.

Falso, Cape, xi. 365 ; Thomas Cav-

224

INDEX

endish at (1588) 342; latitude of,

351-

Falster, Wolstan and, i. 15.

Famasfusta, John Locke's descrip-
tion (1553) V. 94; French laws in,
100; chief city of Cyprus (1571)
124; siepi^e of (1571), account by
Nestor Martiningo, v. 129-152 ;
conquered by the Turks, vi. 109 f.

Famine, excesses caused by, iv. 73,
175, VIII. 5 f. ; in the Minion in M.
Horo's voyage to Newfoundland
(1536) VIII. 5 ; in the bark of French
discoverers, 485 f. ; in Fort Caro-
line (1565) IX. 59, 66, X. 54; on
the Minion (1568) ix. 408; in
Potosi (1590) X. 171.

Famine, Port, or Nombre de
Jesus, XI. 349, 357, 371 ; in
Strait of Magellan, Pedro Sarmi-
ento's men left to starve at (1587)
299; John Chidley and the Span-
iard at (1590) 382.

Fanes, Castle of, in Rhodes, v. 15.

Fano, II, rock near Corfu, v. 80.

Fant Church Street, see Fenchurch.

Faranias Islands, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 328.

Faraon, in Portugal, iv. 268.

Faraonc Castle, at Alexandria, v. 331.

Fare, see Faro.

F^'areyiar, see Faroe.

Farfar, see Orontes.

Farillon, English ships in (1594)
VIII. 165 ; Charles Leigh and
William Sayer at (1597) 166;
Charles Leigh at, 181.

Farmne river, by Portsmouth, v.
292.

Faro, del, strait, between Sicily and
Calabria, iv. 322.

Faroe Islands, iv. 14, 103, 229; dis-
tance from Iceland, 12, 100.

Faroo, in Darha, vii. 89.

Farre, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Farrington, Henry, Levant trader,
non-member of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 87.

Farrington, Henry, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Farrington, Thomas, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.

Farthow, William, in Virginia

(1585) viii. 318.
Fashardo or Fasshardo, King More-

quito at the house of, x. 375 ;

Antonio de Berreo left at Cumana

with, 460.
Fatehpur, larger than London (1583)

v, 474 ; William Leedes and the

King of, 475.
Fatepore, see Fatehpur.
Fatma, daughter of Mahomet,

ancestress of the Serifo, king of

Mecca, v. 351; tomb of, at

Medina, 362.
Fatonochaiti, bonzes at, in Japan,

VI. 339-
Faulcon Island, named by Edward

Fenton (1583) xi. 189.
Faulcons, see Falcon.
Fawcet or Faucet, Christopher, his

voyage into Persia (1569) iii. 136;

at Shemakha, 137; agent for the

Muscovy Company, 241.
Fawkner, John, mariner on the

Bona Espcranza (1553) 11. 213.
Fayal Island, vii. 56, 63, 66, 68, 75,

119; X. 300, 326, 334, 337; George

Fenncr at, vi. 280; the Earl of

Cumberland's fleet at (1589) vii.

6-9, 66; English fleet at (1590)

viii. 422 ; Spanish fleet at (1570).

IX. 461.
Fear, cape of. Sir Richard Gren-

ville's danger at (1585) viii. 315;

John White at (1587) 391.
Feasts, the four, at the court of the

Khan of Cathay, iv. 434; in

China, vi. 306.
Feather garments of the natives of

Meta Incognita, vii. 369.
Fecamp, France, monastery of, i.

45-
Felippe, Indian, and Sir Francis

Drake (1578) xi. 138.
Felix, captain of the Luisa of Dieppe

(1593) VI. 406.
Felles, see Skins.
Feltrius mountain, iv. 38, 134.
Feluchia, see Feluge.
Feluge, on the Euphrates, v. 367-8;

the Tiger at (1583) 455; Ralph

Fitch at, 466 ; John Eldred at, vi.

3> 4-
Felugia, see Feluge.

225

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Femeer, Nicholas, and the English

ships, II. 62.
Femeland, King Arthur and, i. 6.
Fen, Hugh ap, and Russian pirates,

II. 64.
Fenchurch Street, lodgings of the

Russian ambassador in London,

n- 355-

Fenner, Edward, captain of the May
Flower (1566) vi. 266, 270.

Fenner, George, and Lord Charles
Howard (1588) iv. 216; captain of
the Leicester, 218; voyage of, to
Guinea, by Walter Wren (1566)
VI. 266-284 ; portrait of, 272 ; cap-
tain of the Lion (1591) vii.
41.

Fenner, Thomas, Captain, master of
the Dreadnought (1587) vi. 438;
lands in Spain (1589) vi. 483; cap-
tain in the Elizabeth Bonaventure,

X. 98 ; and the attack on Carta-
gena, 117; of the Peregrine at
Maio (1594) XI. 46; at the siege
of Pernambuco (1595) 51 ; and the
Armada, xii. 67.

Fenton, Edward (d. 1603), south-
western voyage of, i. xxviii. ; cap-
tain of the Gabriel (1577) vii. 211,
285, 297; Captain Frobisher and,
218; captain of the Judith (1578)
233, 322; in Anne of Warwick's
Island (1578) 241 ; and the soldiers'
drill, 312; lieutenant general of
Captain Frobisher (1578) 321-
362; friars taken by (1582)

XI. 93 ; instructions given to,
concerning his voyage to East
Indies and Cathay (1582) 163-171 ;
voyage of, to China (1582-83),
written by Captain Luke Ward,
172-202 ; captain of the galleon
Leicester, 172 ; meets the Spanish
ships at S. Vincent (1583) 195,

254, 268, XII. 26.

Feodor Ivanowich, Emperor of Rus-
sia, coronation of (1584) iii. 338;
and the Muscovy Company, 347 ;
his letter to Queen Elizabeth
(1592) 432 ; privileges to the Mus-
covy Company, 439-445 ; his death,
448.

Feraclous, isle of, v. 578.

Ferariis, William de, i. 324.

Ferca Framburaro at Famagusta
(1571) V. 148, 152.

Ferdinand, Archduke, father of the
Marquess of Burgrave, of the
Spanish Armada (1588) iv. 205;
brother of Charles V., embassy of,
to Henry VIII. (1527) v. 61;
meeting with Charles V. at Lan-
deck, 321.

Ferdinand, King of Castile, and
Christopher Columbus, vii. 188.

Ferdinando, Arawak Indian, pilot of
Sir Walter Raleigh, x. 381, 392;
settled near Essequibo (1596) 455.

Ferdinando, the Portuguese, in
Sierra Leone (1582) xi. 176.

Ferdinando, Simon, of Captain
Amadas's expedition (1584) viii.
299, 310; loses John White's fly-
boat in the Bay of Portugal (1587)
387-390; at Rosse Bay, 389; at
Portsmouth, 401.

Fergat, see Malathia.

Fergus of Galloway, i. 30.

Fermenia Island, William Harborne
at (1583) v. 250.

Fermo, Marquis, Captain, wounded,
V. 139; and enslaved at Fama-
gusta, 151.

Fermorie, the, hospital in Rhodes,
Turks in (1522) v. 59.

Fermosas, As Ilhas, see Formosa.

Fermous, rendezvous of Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's fleet (1583) viii.

45-
Fernambuck, see Pernambuco.
Fernandes, Francis, and Richard

Hakluyt (1583) v. 452.
Fernandez, Gonzalvo, in charge of

Suchistlahuaca and Ometepec

towns, IX. 468.
Fernando, master of the Tiger (1585)

VIII. 315; settler in Virginia,

402.
Fernando or Hernando, treachery of,

towards Thomas Cavendish (1587)

XI. 304.
Fernando de Loronha Island, men-
tioned in the Ruttier, xi. 74; Sir

Francis Drake in sight of (1579)

162.
Fernandos, Matthew, Portuguese

captain, dwelling at Sierra Leone

(1582) XI. 177.

126

INDEX

Fernelius, John, on the four ele-
ments, IV. 34, 129.

Ferol, see Ferrol.

Ferra Pasha, and his janissaries at
Rhodes (1524) v. 58.

Ferrar, Jerome, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition up the Cap-
uri river (1595) x. 380.

Ferrara, William Thomas on, iv.

452.
Ferro, Island, William Towerson at

(1555) VI. 179-

Ferrol in Galicia, Sir John Hawkins
at (1564) VI. 264, X. 10; Spanish
fleet escapes to (1589) vi. 483.

Fes, see Fez.

Fescampe, see Fecamp.

Fessa, in the kingdom of Fez, vi.

H3-
Feuchtuvang, Conrad a, tenth
master of the Dutch Knights, 11.

5-
Feuchtuvang, Sifridus a, twelfth

master of the Dutch knights, 11. 6.
Fever, John, in Virginia (1585) viii.

318.
Feversham, i. 47, 48; ships from, in

Edward III.'s fleet, 297.
Fez, kingdom of, vi. 143 ; Mully

Abdelmeleck, king of (1577) 285;

gold market at (1591) vii. 88; new

trade in, begun by Roger Boden-

ham (1564) IX. 359.
Fez river, captives of the Moors at

(1593) VII. 128.
Ficino, Marsilio, on America, vii.

160 ; on the Ocean Sea, 199.
Fiddle Island, Edward Fenton at

(1583) XI. 197.
Field, Captain, of the Solomon,

death of, at the taking of Bymba

(1564) X. 22.
Field, John, and the Chief Vizier of

Turkey, vi. 96.
Field, John, English merchant

settled in Seville, friend of Robert

Tomson (1553) ix. 338; leaves

Seville (1555) 339; and Gon^alo

Ruiz de Cordova, 346; death, in

Mexico, 347.
Field, Matthew, Russian licence

granted to (1569) iii. 109.
Field, Richard, draper, Levant

trader (c. 1533) v. 69.

Fierro Island, and the water-drop-
ping trfee (1564) x. 13; mentioned
in second Ruttier, 307.

Figen, kingdom of, xi. 424.

Figueroa, x. 252.

Fila Cavena, the, of Venice, John
Locke in (1553) v. 77; becalmed,
88.

Filberds, Island of, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 218,
258; latitude of, 280.

Fillie, David, ship's master (1582)

V. 218, 219; captain of the Eliza-
beth Stokes (1584) 280, 28?.

Filpot, see Philpot.

Fingal, King of Man, i. 25.

P'inister, see Finisterre.

Finisterre, Cape, vi. 72, 251, x. 335;
Sir John Hawkins at (1564) vi.
264, IX. 399, X. 10, 64, 264 ; George
Fenner near (1566) vi. 266; the
Richard of Arundel near (1589)

VI. 456; Sir Walter Raleigh's
fleet scattered at (1592) vii. 107;
Sir Robert Dudley near (1594) x.
204; latitude of, 335.

Finland, Russian frontier, 11. 252 ;
cattle of, 416.

Finland, Gulf of, 11. 261 ; and the
Volock river, iii. 363.

Finlandia, see Finland.

Finmark, English merchants in, 11.
Ill f. ; Willoughby's fleet off,
220 f. ; Anthony Jenkinson's fleet
off, 415 ; Arthur Pet and the coast
of, III. 254; map of, 460; coast
of, 461,

Finns, i. 11; fishers and hunters,
12 ; pay tribute to Octher, 13.

Finqua, xi. 423; or Finga, king-
dom of, governors of, xi. 425,

Fiquinville, Captain, in Captain
Ribault's expedition (1562) viii.

457.

Firando, see Hirado.

Fire, Indian way of kindling a, x.
52.

Fire mountains, see Volcanoes.

Fisco, le, Boniface of Provence at
(1522) v. 12; Solyman at, 21.

Fish, commerce of salt, in Brabant
and Zeeland, 11. 129; stockfish
trade in Iceland, 136; markets in
Russia, 224; salt fish in Khol-

227

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

mogory, 263, 276; advice to buyers
of, 287; in the Dvina, iii. 71; in
the Caspian Sea, 166 ; in the Vol-
ga, 370; in Iceland, diminution
of, IV. 40, 136; trade in Iceland,
76, 178; in Campa, Friar Odoric's
account of the strange, 419;
in Fuco, caught by birds, 425 ; in
the Euphrates, vi. 4; on the
African coasts, 181; sale of, 210;
in Pekin moats, 316; in China,
317, 318; poisonous, called Ship
of Guinea, 379; the Richard of
Arundel's crew and the (1591),
467; of Newland, or Poor John,
X. 100 ; in Trinidad, 350.

Fish, bones of, used as arrowheads
by Indians of Trinidad, xi. 22 ;
Sword-, or utelif and sea-calf,
found near Sierra Leone (1582) xi.
178.

Fisher, distress of, at Port Desire
(1592) XI. 399.

Fisher, Richard, his voyage in the
Marigold (1593) viii. 157.

Fisheries at Sconia, 11. 42 ; of the
Portuguese at Cape Blanco (1564)
X. 14.

Fisherman of Tartary and the north-
east passage, vii. 181.

Fishers, Lapland, 11. 417; in New-
foundland, free from taxes (1548)
VIII. 8.

Fishes, flying, xi. 153 ; in Spanish
seas, IV. 244 ; in African seas, vi.
173, 274, 381, 395; in Florida and
Guiana, x. 60; Sir Francis Drake
finds store of (1578) xi. 106.

Fishing, on the ships of the Mus-
covy Company, 11. 320 ; Stephen
Borough and, 344 ; trade in Kegor,
373; at Inger Sound, 416; at
Petowse, 453 ; in the Dvina and
the Volga, iii. 71 ; ships for, 208 ;
of Samoyedes, 403 ; of Laplanders,
404; in China, vi. 327; Spanish
destroyed by the English (1587)
441 ; in Newfoundland, viii. 10,
49, 58, 63, 82, 83, 163, 164, 167, 187,
201, 233, 277, 300, 315, 338; at
Alcatrazes Island (1581) xi. 35;
wonderful, by Luke Warde (1582)
182.

Fitch, Ralph (fl. 1583-1606) vi. 76,

77. 78; voyage of, i. Ixix., Ixxii. ;
voyage of, to the East Indies,
with John Newbery (1583-1591) v.
450, 465-505 ; released from prison,
461 ; John Eldred's voyage with
(1583) VI. I ; his escape from Goa,
7; of the Levant Company (1592)
76, 78; discoveries of, 77.

Fitzherbert, release of, imprisoned
in Russia (1569) iii. 118.

Fitz-John, Morice, son of John Des-
mond, and the English prisoners
of the Armada (1591) vii. 50; de-
fection of, 51.

Fitz-roy, Oliver, his voyage to the
Holy Land (12 18) iv. 349.

Fitzwalter, Lord Robert, his voyage
to the Holy Land (12 18) iv. 349.

Fitzwilliam, M., in Sir John
Hawkins's voyage to Florida
(1565) X. 63.

Five Men's Sound, discovered by
Captain Martin Frobisher (1576)
VII. 210.

Five Ports, see Cinque Ports.

Flag, of England, in the Caspian
Sea, II. 477; William Towerson
and his (1577) vi. 235.

Flamborough Head, Anthony Jen-
kinson's fleet at (1557) 11. 414.

Flamborow, see Flamborough.

Flamingoes, in Florida, x. 61.

Flaminio, Captain, slain at Fama-
gusta (1571) V. 151.

Flanders, King Arthur and, i. 6;
fleet of, before Calais, 299 ; mer-
chants of, in England, 333 ; cus-
toms in 352, 355; products of, 11.
115 f. ; industry of, 121, 129 f. ; Eng-
lish merchants in (1462) 148 f. ;
Thome's map of, 169; Anthony
Jenkinson in, iii. 195; soldiers of,
at Joppa (1107) IV. 301-306; fish
trade with Frisland, vii. 450.

Flandrina, in Malabar, iv. 412.

Flats in Russian rivers, iii. 221, 455 ;
round Savona Island, vi. 404 ;
mentioned in Ruttier, x. 302.

Flavius Constantine, King of Bri-
tain, IV. 274; prayer by, 275; his
death, 275, 339.

Flax, Russian, 11. 278, iii. 71; trade
in Russia, 11. 393, 403, iii. 367;
sold in Cairo (1584) v. 274; found

;28

INDEX

in the Western Planting (1583)
VIII. 116; in Virginia (1586) 354.

Flax, river of, discovered by Vas-
quez de Coronado (1540) ix. 150.

Fleets, English, at the time of
Edgar, i. Iv., 11. 140; of Edward
III., I. Ivii. ; of Henry V., Ivii. ;
of Edward III. before Calais,
297 f. ; of King John, Ivi. ; south,
297 f. ; north, 298 f. ; expenses of,
in France and Normandy and
Calais, 299 f. ; Walsingham on
the, 300 f. ; and the Armada, iv.
217, 218; English, at Joppa (1107)
301-306; of Richard I. for the
conquest of Jerusalem, 340 ; to the
help of Famagusta (1571) v. 129;
English merchants', to Turkey
(1586) VI. 47; Spanish and Eng-
lish, 49 ; Spanish, bound for the
West Indies (1577) 235; Spanish,
and the English ships (1585) 417;
Spanish, and Sir Francis Drake,
general of the English (1587) 438;
English, to Spain and Portugal
(1589) 470-527; of Benjamin Wood,
bound for Magellan and China
(1596) X. I, 3; of Sir John
Hawkins for the negro trade, 7,
10 ; Spanish, and Sir John
Hawkins in S. Juan d'Ulloa
(1568) 68; of Sir Francis Drake
(1585) 92, 97, 98; Spanish Indian,
to be strengthened (1585) 96, 158,
160 ; Spanish, safe course for the,
to S. Marta, advised by Baptista
Antonio (1587) 136; of John Chid-
ley in Strait of Magellan (1589)
170; of Christopher Newport
(1591-2) 184; of Watts, Captain
Lane, general of (1592) 193; of
Sir Amyas de Preston for his voy-
age to West Indies (1595) 213,
225 ; of Sir Francis Drake and Sir
John Hawkins (1595) 227; fight
between Spanish and English near
Pinos Island (1596) 242, 250, 255;
Spanish, Don Pedro Telio, general
of (1596) 254, 261, 264; English,
ships of, at Pinos (1596) 262; of
Sir Anthony Sherley (1596) 266;
of Sir Francis Drake at S. lago,
S. Domingo, etc. (1586) xi. 234;
of Thomas Cavendish (1586) 290;

foreign, i. 299; French, proposed
from Rochelle (1597) 67; Japanese,
in Corea (1591) 431; wherein
Sebastian Cabot discovered the
river Plate (1526) 91 ; of the mer-
chants of Seville for Moluccas
(1527) 91; Spanish, Don Pedro
Telio, general of (1596) x. 254,
261, 264; bound for Magellan
Straits, under Diego Flores de
Valdez (1582) xi. 92, 183, 267; sent
for discoveries by Castro, gover-
nor of Peru, 287; regulations for,

XI. 442-448, 457.
Flemengoes, see Flamingoes.
Fleming, Captain Thomas, sights

the Spanish Armada (1588) iv.
210.

Flemings, forbidden the market of
Novgorod (1553) II. 261; free from
customs in Russia (1554) 276; and
the Edward Bonadventure (1554)
III. 331; cowardice of two ships
of the (1590) VII. 33.

Fletcher, chaplain of Sir Francis
Drake's fleet (1578) xi. no, 114,

XII. 33. 56.

Fletcher, Giles, D.C.L., Russian am-
bassador (1588) III. 353-357. (1591)
423 ; and the style of the Russian.
Emperor (1588) 370, 376.

Fletcher, John, death of, in Barbary
(1551) VI. 137.

Fleur-de-lys, an isle like a, in
Ramea, viii. 151.

Flicke, Robert, report to Thomas
Bromley, etc. (1591) vii. 56; in a
storm off Flores Island, 58 ; his
prizes, 59, 60; mutiny against, 61.

Flight of the English fleet reported
by Don B. Delgadillo (1596) x.

251-
Flint, found in pine trees, iv. 37,

^132.
Flispe, Stephen, of Colchester and

Prussian pirates, 11. 62.
Flok, voyage of, to Iceland, iv. 13,

102.
Floods in Guiana, x. 389, 403.
Florence and Edward I.'s great

charter, i. 333 ; William Thomas

on, IV. 452 ; galleys from, leagued

against English ships (1583) v.

264.

229

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Florence of Worcester (d. 1118) on
King- Edgar, i. 16; on the sons
of Edmund Ironside; voyage of
Ingulf (1064) according to, iv. 288.

Florentia, see Florence.

Florentines, home products of the,
II. 124.

Florentius Wigorniensis, see Flor-
ence of Worcester.

Flores de Valdes, Diego, prisoner in
England (1590) x. 161 ; sent to
the Straits of Magellan (1582) xi.
92, 267; French ships taken by,
271 ; prisoner of Thomas Caven-
dish (1587) 323.

Flores Island, x. 327, 337, xi. 366;
latitude of, vi. 162, x. 299, 334;
one of the Azores, vi. 280; the
Richard of Arundel near (1589)
456, 466; English fleet at (1589)
VII. 4; fight at, of English and
Spanish fleets (1591) 41 ff. ; West
Indian Spanish fleet at, 55 ; Eng-
lish fleet sent to (1591) 56, 57;
Dutch ships at (1589) 62; Sir John
Burrough at (1592) 109 ; rendezvous
of the Spanish fleet, 112; the
Marigold at (1593) viii. 160; John
White at (1587) 400; (1590) 420;
the Moonlight at, 421; Captain
Laudonniere at (1565) ix. 98;
Christopher Newport, and Sir
John Burrough at (i59i-2)x. 190;
Sir Robert Dudley at (1595) 210;
Sir Thomas Baskerville at (1596)
245; Sir Walter Raleigh at (1597)
XI. 15 ; Thomas Cavendish at
(1588) 347, 371.

Florez, Dr. Peter, letter from Don
Bernaldino Delgadillo to (1596) x.
247-249, 250-252.

Florida, viii. 281, x. 62; Spanish
fleet of a hundred ships wrecked off
(1590) VII. 71 ; Sebastian Cabot's
voyage (1496) 148, 154, viii. 35;
discovered by John and Sebastian
Cabot, 35 ; Spaniards and French
unsuccessful in, 37; Jacques Car-
tier on, 246; near Norumbega,
281 ; Sir Richard Grenville's fish-
ing at (1585) 315; John White in
sight of (1590) 411, 412; dis-
covered by John de Verrazzano
(1524) 423-438, 450; latitude, 426,

436; fertility, 434; description of,
by Laudonniere (1587) 448; native
of, engraving of, 448; cus-
toms of, 453 f. ; first voyage of
Captain Ribault to (1562) 457;
king of, and Laudonniere (1562)
458; Chiquola, king in, 466;
kings in, and Captain Albert, 474;
Captain Laudonniere 's second voy-
age to (1564) IX. i-ioo; Captain
Ribault 's third voyage to (1565)
82 ; fourth voyage of the French
to (1567) 100-112 ; products de-
scribed by Nicholas Burgoignon,
114; Pamphilo Narvaez in (1527)
192) Spanish forts in (1572) 397;
Sir John Hawkins on the coast of
(1565) x. 46, 48, 63; an island,
description of, by Sir John
Hawkins (1565) 51-62; Soto's ex-
pedition to, XII. 83 ; cape of, the
Edward Bonaventure at (1593) vi.
404; Sir Thomas Baskerville at,
x. 244; Indians of, described by
John of Verrazzano, viii. 424, 428 ;
described by Laudonniere, 452 ; by
Sir John Hawkins, x. 52.

Florinasa, Messer, Venetian travel-
ler, V." 445, 446.

Florrie, Charles, settler in Virginia
(1587) vm. 403.

Florus, Lucius (1516-87) i. xx. ; his
account of Captain Britomarus,
IV. 270.

Floure-de-lice, see Fleur-de-lys.

Flowerdeluce, the, in Milford (1561)
VI. 256.

Flowers, in Florida, viii. 430.

Flushing, Laurence Aldersey at
(1581) V. 214; men of, and the
5. Philip, Spanish galleon, iv.
226 ; hulk of, a prize of
Robert Withrington, burnt at sea
(1587) XI. 227.

Flyboat, loss of a, in John White's
fleet, in the Bay of Portugal by
Simon Ferdinando (1587) viii.
387; arrival of the, in Virginia,
392 ; leaves Virginia, 399 ; dangers
of, 400; of John White at Smer-
wick in Ireland (1587) 401; of
Sir Francis Drake burnt (1578)
XI. 108; of John Winter (1577) xi.
148, 155-

230

INDEX

Flyboats of Middelburg, and Sir
Amyas de Preston (1595) x. 217.

Focea, plague in (1585) v. 323.

Fochia, see Focea.

Fogo Island, description and pro-
ducts, VI. 279; description, Sir
Anthony Sherley at, x. 271; salt
found in, xi. 3 ; or the Burning
Island, Portuguese possession, 106;
John Winter at, 152.

Fogs in Guinea seas, vi. 179.

Foi, Chinese money, vi. 299.

Foi, La, of Honfieur, and William
Towerson (1577) vi. 241.

Foito, master of the ordnance at the
defence of Famagusta (1571) v.

Foix, M. de, French ambassador to
England, and Captain Laudon-
niere (1565) ix. 99.

Fo-kien, first shire of China, vi. 295,
318, 350; Moors in, 321; foreign
merchants in, vii. 201.

Folium Indicum, found in Goa and
Cochin, VI, 27.

Folkestone, Kent, i. 47, 48.

Folkstane, see Folkestone.

Fondeghi Ingles, dwelling of Eng-
lish consul and merchants at Tri-
polis, VI. I.

Fones, Andrew, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 76, 78.

Fonseca, Vincent, Portuguese,
prisoner of Sir John Burrough

(1592) VII. III.

Fonsecco, gulf of, ten islands in, xi.
362.

Fontechi, five, in Alexandria (c.
1580) V. 331.

Fontenay Foreland, xi. 200.

Fonzeca, island, latitude of, x. 332.

Foo-chow, chief town of Fo-kien, vi.
295; price of food in, 299; Portu-
guese prisoners in, 313; descrip-
tion, 314.

Food, in Iceland, iv. 64, 82, 164,
186; in China, vi. 299; scarcity
of necessaries, in Japan (1565)
328 ; stores of, at the Groyne
(1589) 485 ; in S. Domingo Island
(1555) IX. 342; of the English
prisoners in Mexico (1568) 422;
price of, in Panama (1599) x.
177.

Foord Monastery, Baldwin, abbot of,

IV. 340.
Football in Greenland (1586) vii.

411.
Foquien, see Fo-kien.
Forackan of Kazvin, and Arthur

Edwards, iii. 60.
Foranosuque, soldiers of, xi. 426.
Forcera, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

322.
Forchaim, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

321.
Forder, Francis, corporal, on the

Aid, Captain Frobisher's ship

(1577) VII. 285.
Fordwich, i. 47, 48.
Fore town, in the island of Hiu, vi.

344.
Foreigners, trafi[ic with, advised by

Richard Hakluyt, vii. 247.
Foresight, the. Sir Edward Norris

in (1589) VI. 515. ^,. , , ,

Foresight, the, Queen Elizabeth's

ship, and the Spanish fleet at

Flores (1591) vii. 41; fight of,

near the Revenge, vii. 48; in Sir

John Burrough 's fleet, vii. 105;

and the Madre de Dios, 113, (1590)

viii. 421.
Foresight, the, of Sir Francis

Drake's fleet, x. 240; loss of, 241.
Foretz, river, discovered by Jacques

Cartier (1535) vm. 238.
Forfeitures for breaking the laws of

the Levant Company (1592) vi. 84,

85 ; incurred by the members of

the Barbary Company, 423.
Forforaine, see Pois Parfareine.
Forks used in Italy and Spain (1578)

VI. 304; in Japan, 334.
Formaretti, Lorenzo, Captain, made

slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.
Formentera Island, William Har-

borne at (1583) v. 243; galleys

cast away at (1586) vi. 45. _
Formio, La, island of the Sapies, Sir

John Hawkins at (1564) x. 16.
Formosa, ix. 333.

Forrest, George, carpenter's ser-
vant, on the Matthew Gonson

(1535) V. 69.
Forster, Richard, consul for Aleppo^

etc. (1583) V. 260; advice from

William Harborne, 261.

231

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Forster, Thomas, gentleman, his
passport to Constantinople (c.
1580) V. 329.

Forster, Thomas, master of the
Nicholas (1584) v. 281, 282.

Forts, English, in Countess's Island
(1577) VII. 310, 341 ; built by Cap-
tain Frobisher in Countess's
Island (1578) VII. 347; French, in
Florida (1565) x.53 ; in Brazil (1542)
XI. 25 ; in Parajua, taken by the
people of Pernambuco, xi. 249 ; in
Parajua, taken by Diego Flores de
Valdez, 271 ; Spanish, built in S,
Juan d'Ulloa and Vera Cruz (1590)
IX. 204, 205; in Florida (1572)
397 » possibility of building a, near
Rio de Janeiro, x. 93 ; built in
Puerto Rico (1590) 161 ; taken by
the Earl of Cumberland (1598)
162 ; near the Caracas, taken by
Sir Amyas de Preston (1595)
217, 223; in Nombre de Dios
(1595) 237; of S. lago town, de-
scription of, 269 ; on S. Vincent
river to guard the Strait of Magel-
lan, XI. 251, 267; built on the river
Plate by Sebastian Cabot, 252 ;
and garrison at Arica, 262 ;
in Chili, built by Don Pedro
de Valdivia, 276; of El Callao de
Lima, 285.

Fortan Islands, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 331.

Fortescue, George, captain of the
bark Bonner (1585) x. 98; death,

^ 134.

Forteventura, see Fuerte Ventura.

Fortis, William, and his voyage to

Syria (1240) iv. 352.
* Fortunatus, Olde,' by Dekker, xii.

108.
Fosse, the, port of Rhodes, v. 10,

16.
Foster, John, master of the Edward

Cotton (1583) VI. 408, 410.
Foster, master of the Primrose, and

the Corrigidor of Biscay (1585) vi.

413-417-
Fotoquiens, or Japanese saints, vi.

337-
Fouchall, see Funchal.
Foulness, Arthur Pet at (1580) iii.

299.

Fountains in Iceland, iv. 33, 128;
Saxo on, 37, 132 ; wine and oil,
38, 133 ; blood, 38, 134 ; poisoned,

39» 135-

Four Hillocks Island, or Chetera
Bougori, III. 222.

Fournati, Domingo de, captain of a
Genoese carrack (1522) v. 11.

Fourneaux, conspiracy of, against
Captain Laudonniere (1564) ix. 39.

Fowey, Cornwall, 11. 120; ships
from, in Edward III.'s fleet, i.
297.

Fowlnesse, see Foulness.

Fowl, wild, in India, v. 476, 481.

Fowlay Island, latitude of, vii. 205,
206.

Fowler, Thomas, of Lynn, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 67.

Fowles, Richard, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

Fowls, in China, vi. 299; near the
Cape of Good Hope, 380; strange,
in the Northern Seas (1577) vii.
287 ; of the Continent, discovered
by Captain Frobisher (1578) 338;
of Meta Incognita, 374 ; in Pen-
guin Island, description of, viii.
4; in Newfoundland, 6, 13, 49, 59;
wild, on Cape Breton, 158 ; water,
at Seven Islands (1585) 243; in
Granada, ix. 156 ; in Mexico, 380 ;
in Trinidad, x. 350; in Guiana,
XI. 14; in Maio Island, 104; on
the river Plate, 108 ; in the Straits
of Magellan (1578) 11 1, 158; at
Port Desire, description of, 296 ;
in S. Helena, 345 ; killed by
Indians as a present for Sir
Francis Drake (1578) xi. 155.

Fox, John, survivor of the Tohy
(1593) VII. 129.

Fox, the, bark, of London, Roger
Bodenham's ship (1564) ix. 359.

Foxcroft, Samuel, captain of the
Merchant Royal, voyage of, to
East Indies (1591) x. 194.

Foxe, John (historian), i. xxiv. ;
Acts and Monuments by, Ixiv.

Foxe, John, of Woodbridge, in Suf-
folk, delivery of Christian slaves
of Alexandria (1577) v. 153-167;
gunner of the Three Half Moons,
154.

232

INDEX

Foxe, Randolph, leaves Astrakhan
(1581) III. 245.

Foxe, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Foxenose, see Foxnose.

Foxes, Persian, and the English ex-
pedition, III. 151 ; in Shirvan or
Media, 166; furs of Russian, 364,
417; found in Hochelaga by
Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 244;
in Florida, x. 59.

Foxnose, Cape, Stephen Borough
and (1557) 11. 364; Anthony
Jenkinson and (1557) 418; seal
hunting at, iii. 366.

Foy, see Fowey.

Foye, La. see Foi.

Fracastorius, Hieronymus, voyages
of, VII. 171.

Frailes, the, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, X. 285, 287; or Friars Island,
in second Ruttier, 313.

Frampton, John, 'Arte de Navegar,'
translated by (1581) xii. 80, note.

France, King Arthur and, i. 4 ;
wasted by Huns, 279; and Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, 333; war-
fare with England, 11. 43 ;
Thome's map of, 169; Anthony
Jenkinson in, ill. 195; hot
springs in, iv. 35, 129; Henry
in., King of, his advice to
Queen Elizabeth about the Ar-
mada (1588) 207; conquered by
Flavius Constantine, 274 ; and the
British immigration, 278; Robert
de Ketene in (1143) 309; ships of,
and King of Spain's commission
(1585) VI. 417; English armies in,
479 ; unsuccessful against England
in Florida, viii. 37 ; English ship-
wrecked mariners in (1583) 88;
sale of hides from the Western
Planting by Walker in (c. 1583)
114.

France, Antarctic, colony of Ville-
gagnon, in America, viii. 450.

France, New, see Canada.

France-Roy Fort, latitude of, viii.
281 ; built by Francis de Roberval
(1542) 285.

Francesco, Captain, of Venice, made
slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 152.

Francesco, John, Captain, of Venice,

XII 233

slain at Famagusta (1571) v.
151.

Francia, Nova, see Canada.

Francis I., King of France (1536)
VIII. 255, 449; and Jacques Cartier
(1540) 263, 264; dedication to, of
John de Verrazzano's voyages

(1524) 423-438, 449-

Francis, friar of Gallipoh (1577) v.
165.

Francis, Friar, companion to Friar
John de Padilla (1540) ix. 166.

Francis, Thomas, merchant on the
Edward Bonaventure (1553) H.
213.

Francis, the, offered to Ralph Lane,
by Sir Francis Drake (1586) viii.
343, 344; Thomas Moone, captain
of (1585) X. 98; of Sir Francis
Drake's fleet (1595) 227; Captain
Wignol and, taken prisoner by the
Spanish, 229.

Francis, the bark, Edward Fenton's
ship (1582) XI. 163, 172.

Francis, the, John Drake, captain
of, fate of (1582) XI. 189.

Francis of Foy, the, of Captain Fro-
bisher's third voyage to Meta In-
cognita (1578) VII. 236, 238; in
Anne of Warwick's Sound, 239;
Moyles, captain of (1578) 322;-
attendant on the Aid, 324 ; rejoins
the fleet, 341.

Francisca, river in Panama, x. 154.

Francisco, Portuguese merchant in
Benin (1553) vi. 148.

Francisco, William Towerson's inter-
preter (1577) VI. 235, 236.

Francisco, pilot of Sir Francis
Drake, and his silver cups (1579)
XI. 116.

Francisco, the Greek, and Luke
Warde, at Sierra Leone (1582) xi.

.175-

Francisco, Rio de, marks of, de-
scribed in the Ruttier, x. 290.

Franco, Cabo, marks of, described
in second Ruttier, x. 328.

Franco Castle, Henry Austell at
(1585) V. 322.

Frangois, Cape, in Florida, dis-
covered by Captain Ribault (1562)
VIII. 457; Captain Laudonniere
lands near (1564) ix. 5.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Frank, Jenkinson called a, 111.29,31.

Franke, John, of the Maria Martin
(1584) V. 281.

Frankfort, Laurence Aldersey at
(1581) V. 214.

Frankincense, found in Sekotra, vi.
26; found in Florida, x 57.

Fransham, Richard, apothecary of
Emperor of Russia (1583) iii. 324.

Frasoli, weight of Ormuz, vi. 14.

Fraud, punishment of, 11. 153 f.

Fred, or Freed, Robert, captain of
the Margaret (1591) x. 184; Span-
ish ships captured by, 185.

Fredelaw, Henry, of Cologne, 11. 79.

Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor of
Germany, league with Henry H.
of England, i. 316-318; and In-
dians from America (1160) vii.

Frederick IV., Emperor, and the
Dutch knights, 11. 9, 10.

Frederick, King, and the cathedral
of Holen (1584) iv. 62, 162.

Frederick, Caesar, his mention of
Thana, iv. 412 ; voyage of, trans-
lated by Thomas Hickocke (1563)
V. 365-449; his sufferings, 408,
414; and the Retors of Martaban,
416; ill in Goa, 440; misfortunes
in India, 440-442.

Fredo, or Frio, Cape, in North
America, vn. 167, 188.

Freebooters and the Muscovy Com-
pany, III. 167.

Freedom, religious, in China, vi.
321; of Indians, law of Charles
V. for the, ix. 388.

Freeman, Thomas, of Andrew
Barker's company, killed at S.
Francisco Island (1576) x. 86.

Freeman, William, shipmaster, iii.

303-
Frees, Diego de, John Oxenham and

his sailors captured by (1575) x.

80 ; sent by the viceroy of Peru to

capture John Oxenham (1575) xi.

232.
Free trade between English and

Prussian merchants (1405) 11. 56.
Freight of the barks from Ormuz to

Bussorah, vi. 13 ; to Chaul, Goa

and Cochin, 17; from Bussorah

to Ormuz, 24.

Freigius, John Thomas, * Historia
de caede Sebastiani Regis Lusi-
taniae,' vi. 293.

French, the, rumoured landing of,
in England (1386) iv. 445; at
Tunis, 450; and Brazil, vi. 146;
William Towerson and the (1556)
213; in Cape Verde Islands, 237,
258, x. 15 ; stratagem of the, at
Grand Canary Island (1555) ix.
340; Sir Walter Raleigh's friendly
intercourse with, at Sal Island
(1597) XI. 2 ; allied to the canni-
bals of Petiguar, fight of Feliciano
Cieza with (1597) 67-68.

Frenoi, university town in Japan, vi.

331-

Frenolz, Sir Francis de, commander
of Roumania, knight of Rhodes,
death of (1522) v. 32.

Frese, John, Sir Jerome Horsey 's
servant, iii. 347.

Freshets in the Don, vii. 183.

Fretum trium fratrum, vii. 172, 181,
196.

Frey, see Friar.

Friars, Franciscan, iv. 408; in Cai-
tan, 424 ; and the Tartar idols, 439 ;
Greek, in Nicosia, John Locke on
(1553) V. 98; monastery of, in
Greenland (c. 1380) vii. 451; Nor-
way and Sweden, 453 ; liberal pay
of workmen by, 454; in New
Spain, Indians and the (1572) ix.
388; Black, at Mestitlan, and
Anthony Godard (1568) 417 ; White,
of S. Maria town, and Anthony
Godard (1568) 417; Grey, at
Ouoghliclan (1568) 419; taken by
Fen ton, their report of the Eng-
lish (1582) XI. 93.

Friars, the, distance from Novgorod
to, III. 68.

Friary of Fayal, foundation of (1506)

VII. 9.
Friday, the, of Cley, 11. 64.
Fridericus, first Christian preacher

in Iceland (981) iv. 52, 150.
Friendship between England and

Russia (1572) III. 189.
Frier, William, gunner's mate of the

Delight (1589) XI. 388.
Frigate, Spanish, and the Spanish

fugitives (1590) VIII. 410; cap-

234

INDEX

tured at Veragua by Andrew-
Barker, X. 85 ; captured at S.
Domingo by Sir Francis Drake
(1585) no; treasure, engraving of ,
160; Thomas Cavendish and
the, of Manila Island (1588)

,xi. 334.

Frigates, Spanish, taken by Sir
Richard Grenville (1585) viii. 312;
new, for the Spanish fleet (1590) x.
158.

Frio Cape, mentioned in the Rut-
tiers, XI. 82, 349, 352 ; in Brazil,
Thomas Cavendish at (1586) 294,
367, (1591) 389; the Desire at

(1593) 415-

Frisius, Gemma, on Iceland, iv. 10,
99; mistake of, 14, 16, 103, 105;
on the fire of Hecla, 21, 27, 112,
120; on the fountains in Iceland,
33, 128; description of petrifying
fountain in Iceland, 36, 131; on
deadly fountains, 39, 135 ; on Ice-
land houses, 61, 160; and the
north-west passage, vii. 162, 172;
maps and globes by, 194; his
account of three brothers in the
north-west passage, 196 ; map by,
197, 203 ; on cold regions, 268.

Frisking, the, pinnace of Sir Robert
Dudley (1594) x. 204.

Frisland, discovered by Nicolo and
Antonio Zeno (1380) vii. 445, 447;
large fish trade with foreign
countries, 450 ; death of Nicolo
Zeno in (c. 1380) 454 ; return of
the fishermen of, from Estoti-
land and Drogio, 458; King
Zichmni leaves, 458 ; Antonio Zeno
returns to, 462.

Frisland, West, or West England,
VII. 326 ; latitude, vii. 206 ; ice
round, 210; Captain Frobisher in
(1577) 214, (1578) 232, 279, 288;
Bridgwater Busse in, 243 ; de-
scription, 288.

Frisones, nation in Britain, iv. 278.

Friuli, Friar Odoric of (1330) iv.
408.

Frobisher, Sir Martin (1535-94), ^^^
the north-w^est passage, i. xxviii. ;
his men, 136; observations of the
sea demanded of, iii. 280 ; com-
mander of the fourth squadron of

the fleet (1588) iv. 218; prize taken
by (1589) VII. 30; exploits of,
written by John Huighen van
Linschoten (1589-91) 62-87 ; general
of the English fleet (1590) 74; and
Sir Walter Raleigh's fleet (1592)
106-107; voyages of, etc., to North
America, etc. (1495) 141, 143; on
the Portuguese explorer of Fretum
trium Fratrum, 196 ; voyage to
the north, 198 ; account of the
depth of the sea in the north-west
passage, 200 ; first voyage to
north-west, by Christopher Hall
(1576) 204-211; portrait of, 208;
by George Best, 250, 279-283 ;
another account of the same
voyage, 277-283 ; second voyage
to the west and north-west
by Dionise Settle (1577) 211-230;
another account of the same voy-
age, 284-319; third voyage of, to
Meta Incognita, by Thomas Ellis
(1578) 231-242 ; by Thomas Wiars
(1578) 243-244; another account
of the same voyage (1578) 319-
367; discoveries (1576-1583) 214-
375 » Frobisher 's Strait discovered,
215, 280; and the natives, 293,
308, 312 ; his letter to English cap-
tive sailors, 309 ; his departure
from Countess's Island (1577) 315;
Queen Elizabeth's gift to, 321;
captain of the Aid, 322 ; directions
to the fleet, 322-325 ; and the
Canon of S. Paul's, viii. 2;
natives of Meta Incognita brought
to England by, ix. 167 ; vice-
admiral in the Primrose (1585) x.
98; voyages by, xii. 23-27; vice-
admiral in Drake's fleet (1585) 62 ;
death of (1594) 67.

Frobisher 's Straits, discovered by
Captain Frobisher, xii. 27.

Froes, Aloisius, letter from, on
Japan, vi. 332.

Frois, Friar Luis, quotations from
the epistles of (1590) xi, 422-424;
(1591-1592) 424-438, (1596) 441.

Froissart, Jean, i. 308, iv. 445 ;
Richard II. and the Genoese by,
451 ; Earl of Huntington's voyage

by, 453.

Frolle, see Frollo.

235

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Frollo, Savio, secretary of the Em-
peror of Russia (1583) in. 322 ;
Sir Jerome Bowes and, 466, 467,

474-

Frosmont, Thomas, master of the
Great Hermina (1535) viii. 210.

Frote, or Frete, in Francis de Rober-
val's voyage (1542) viii. 283, 288.

Frothingham, Christopher, Richard
Chancellor's uncle, 11. 238.

Froude, J. A., and the English voy-
ages, XII. 18.

Frovvard, Cape, xi. 349, 357, 372;
latitude of, Thomas Cavendish at
(1587) 300; (1592) 392, 393; John
Chidley at (1590) 383; the Desire
at, 401.

Froysard. see Froissart.

Froysart, see Froissart.

Froyssart, see Froissart.

Fruit harvest in Russia, iii. 364.

Fruits, different, found in the West-
ern Planting (1583) viii. 116; in
Newfoundland, described by
Jacques Cartier (1534) 195, 203;
in Virginia, 304; in Trinidad, x.
350; in Guiana, xi. 14.

Frumentius, scholar of Meropius,
VIII. 104; secretary of the King
of India, 104; and the Emperor
Constantine, 105.

Fu, name of principal cities in
China, vi. 351.

Fubborne, William, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 63.

Fuchinoxima, castle built in (1591)
XI. 427.

Fuchsius, * De Arte medendi ' by, iv.
35. 129.

Fuckin, see Fo-kien.

Fuco City, Friar Odoric in (1330)
IV. 424.

Fuego Island, see Fogo.

Fuentes, Conde de, and the English
at Peniche in Portugal (1589) vi.
496.

Fuentes de Ozumba, springs of
water in, ix. 362.

Fuerte Island, dangers of, men-
tioned in the Ruttier, x. 292.

Fuerte Ventura, one of the Canary
Islands, belonging to the lord of
Lanzarota, vi. 134, 178; the Lion
at, 139; latitude, 156, x. 332; the

Richard of Arundel near (1590) vi.
461 ; Sir Richard Grenville at,
viii. 310; Sir Francis Drake at,
X. 227; Sir Walter Raleigh at
(1595) X. 348; Robert Withrington
at, XI. 204; Thomas Cavendish
at, 291.
Fulco, Earl, in the Isle of Man, i.

34-
Fulford, Captain, at the taking of

Puente de Burgos (1589) vi. 492.
Fuller, Thomas, of Ipswich, master

in the Desire, notes of, xi. 348-

376.
Funchal, in Madeira, vi. 135.
Funerals, Russian, 11. 268, 447; in

Jamahey, v. 495 ; in Japan, vi.

340-344; in Florida, viii. 455.
Fuochi, Celio de. Captain, killed at

the defence of Famagusta (1571)

v. 137.
Fuquien, see Fo-kien.
Fuquieo, see Foo-chow.
Fur market in Hungary the Greater,

I. 242 ; in Russia, 242 ; Persian
trade, iii. 50, 365 ; trade in Cape
Breton (1594) x. 202.

Furbishers of armour, or Giebegi of
the Grand Signior, pay of, vi.

63.
Furbushers, see Furbishers.
Furicanos or storms in the West

Indies, x. 67.
Furnivall, Thomas de, and his

brother Gerard, their voyage to

Syria (1240) iv. 352.
Furnivall, William, his voyage to

Syria (1240) iv. 352.
Furriers of London and Livonian

furs, n. 34.
Furs, in Tartary, i. 243; Livonian,

II. 34; markets of, in Russia, 224,
262, 276; trade in Russia, 382,
402, 405; presents to Queen Eliza-
beth from the Russian Emperor
(1567) III. 98; use of, in England,
99 ; sent to Queen Elizabeth by
Boris Fedeorowich Godonova
(1586) 346; of Russian foxes, 364;
variety of, in Russia, 364; for
foreign trade in, 365 ; black fox,
best in Russia, 417.

Furtho, Captain, bearer of Robert
Flicke's letter (1591) vii. 62.

236

INDEX

Fusts, at the siege of Rhodes (1522)

V. 15, 16.
Fylki, petty kingdom or province of

Norway (858) iv. 68, 169.
Fynmarke, see Finmark.
Fynnes, see Finns.

Gabiford, Robert, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 60.

Gabota, see Cabot.

Gabriel, see Basil V.

Gabriel, Stephen Borough's friend,
II. 328 f., 333, 334.

GabrfeZ, the, Christopher Hall, master
of, in Captain Frobisher's first voy-
age (1576) VII. 204, 279; second
. voyage, 211, 284; third voyage,
236, 242 ; Master Fenton, captain
of (1577) 211; dangers of, 298;
towed to Bristol (1577) 318; Har-
vey, captain of (1578) 322; atten-
dant on the Aid, 324 ; in Fro-
bisher's Strait, 339; meets part of
the fleet, at the Cape of Good
Hope, 341; found in Countess's
Sound, 344 ; news-bearer of the
Thomas Allen, 348 ; Captain Fro-
bisher in, looking for the fleet,
365, XII. 27.

Gabriel's Islands, Captain Martin
Frobisher at (1576) vii. 208, 210;
in Countess's Sound, 359.

Gadeling, William, of Dartmouth,
sea-captain, 11. 104.

Gado, Juan del, v. 167.

Gagara, see Giagra.

Gago, Laurence Madoc on (1594)
VII. 99, 100; taken by Alcaide
Hamode, loi ; Leo Africanus on,
102.

Gagus, Balthasar, description of
Hainan Island, vi. 347.

Gaillon, Michael, condemned to
death by Roberval in France-Roy
Fort (1542) VIII. 286.

Gninsh, Robert, master of the John
Evangelist (1554) vi. 155; and
negroes from Guinea (1554) vi.
207, 219.

Galangals found in China, Chaul
and Goa, vi. 26.

Galata Island, coral found at, v.
249.

Galatia, Britons in, iv. 270.

Galavyn, Peter Ivanowich, treasurer
of the Emperor of Russia (1584)
III. 342.

Galbanum, found in Persia, vi.
27.

Galder, a town in the Canaries, vi.
127.

Gale, Nicholas, of the Minion of
London, death of (1581) xi. 35.

Galego, a, from Plymouth, in
Sir Walter Raleigh's expedition,
lost on the coast of Spain
(1595) x. 349; joins Sir Walter
Raleigh, 353 ; built by Sir Walter
Raleigh to go up the Capuri river,

379-
Galegos, Rio de, described in Rut-
tier, XI. 88.
Galeon, see Galleon.
Galleon, the, of London, Edmund

Hogan in (1577) vi. 285.
Galleon, the, ship of Sir Anthony

Sherley (1596) x. 266; loss of

(1597) 276.
Galleon, the, flagship of Thomas

Cavendish (1591) xi. 389, 397;

hardships sufl^ered by the crew of

(1592) 392.
Galleon Dudley, the, Job Hortop's

return to Portsmouth in (1590) ix.

464.
Galleon Leicester, Captain Francis

KnoUes, rear-admiral, in (1585) x.

98.
Galleon Leicester, the, ship of Ed-
ward Fenton (1582) xi. 172.
Galleons, of the Armada (1588) iv.

199, 200; description of, 201; the

Saint Philip, loss of, 226 ; return

of the, 230 ; at the siege of Rhodes

(1522) V. 16.
Galera, Punta de, in Trinidad,

Nepojos, people near, x. 350;

Laurence Keymis at (1596)

^77.

Gales, galls, abundance of, near
Tabriz, iii. 153.

Galfridus Monumetensis, see Geof-
frey of Monmouth.

Galicia, governor of, and Sir
Francis Drake (1585) x. 102.

Galicia, Groyne of, see Corunna
Bay.

Galicia, New, voyages from, to New

237

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Mexico, IX. 115; Nunno de Guz-
man, governor of, 121.
Galilee, Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.

Galipoli, see Gallipoli.

Gallant, Cape, iii. 102 ; Stephen
Borough at (1557) 11. 368, 370.

Gallatia, see Galatia.

Galle, Point de, in Ceylon, vi. 400;
the Edward Bonaventure loses an
anchor at, 401.

Galleasses, of the Armada (1588) iv.
200; description of, 201; Mon-
cada's, lost at Calais, 223; return
of the, 230 ; at the siege of Rhodes
(1522) V. 16.

Galleres, at the siege of Rhodes
(1522) V. 16.

Gallets, various furs found at, in
Russia, HI. 365.

Galley, engraving of, xi. 240.

Galley, of Sir Anthony Sherley
(1596) X. 266.

Galley-frigate, built in Maio by Cap-
tain Lancaster (1594) xi. 46.

Galleys, of the Armada (1588) iv.
200; return of the, 230; at the
siege of Rhodes (1522) v. 14, 16;
Laurence Aldersey and (1581) 213;
from Alexandria, Laurence Alder-
sey and (1586) VI. 42; captains,
masters, boatswains, and pursers
of, of the Grand Signior, pay of,
64; Spanish, William Lane and
(1590) viii. 409; English sailors
condemned to the, by the Inquisi-
tion in Mexico (1575) ix. 428; by
the Inquisition in Seville, 463 ;
Portuguese, and the Minion in
Guinea (1565) x. 35.

Galliasses, see Galleasses.

Gallienge, the, of Rhodes (1522) v.
8.

Gallies, see Galleys.

Gallipoli, in Crete, John Foxe at
(1577) V. 163, 166; convent of the
Amerciates in, 165; straits of,
251; Richard Wrag at (1593) vi.
95; (1594) 107.

Gallo, Cape, John Locke at (1553) v.

lOI.

Gallo, Isla del, Francisco Pizarro at,

XI. 280, 281.
Gallo, Punta de, see Curiapan.

Galloway, Alan, lord of, i. 36 f.

Galls, from Cambay, Bengal, Istria
and Syria, vi. 25.

Galopoli, see Gallipoli.

Galvano Antonio, * History of
Portugal' by, iv. 368, vi. 119;
on Madeira, 120 ; ' Discoveries of
the World ' by, xii. 83.

Galway. see Galloway.

Galway, the Bridgwater Busse at
(1578) vii. 244.

Gama, bay of, in Norumbega, viii.
449.

Gama, Vasco da, discoveries of
(1497-1510) VIII. 128; through the
Indian Ocean (1497) xii. 3.

Gamage, Anthony, granted Russian
licence (1569) iii. 109.

Gambling in Russia, iii. 133 ; for-
bidden in Kazan, 154; unknown
in Japan (c. 1578) vi. 329, 333.

Gambia, Ethiopians in, vi. 143 ;
kingdom of, 168.

Gambia river, privileges granted to
EngUsh trade in (1588) vi. 443,
445 ; Richard Rainold's voyage to
(1591) VII. 90; products of, 91;
secret trade on, 91.

Gambra. see Gambia.

Gambrel, Laurence, of Hampton,
killed in a fight against Portu-
guese (1587) XI. 220.

Gamby, Peter, killed by Indians
(1565) IX. 55.

Game in Russia, iii. 369.

Gameford, John, cooper on the De-
sire, death of (1588) xi. 336.

Gamelaro, island of Tunis, vi. 143.

Gamesby, Laurence, of the Content
killed by Indians (1587) xi. 306.

Ganaba, latitude of, x. 336.

Ganchasu, criminal judge in China,
VI. 363.

Ganes, Marquess of, volunteer in the
Armada (1588) iv. 203.

Ganges, river, 11. 170, 472 ; native
boats on the, v. 410; worship of
the, 411; meets Jumna at Prage,
476 ; breadth of, 480 ; Tanda and
the, 481 ; water of, 483 ; the
Portuguese at the, viii. 129.

Ganigoga, Portuguese trader in
Senegal, vii. 98.

Gannards, see Gannets.

238

INDEX

Cannes, Dougham, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 318.
Gannets, in Cape Verde Islands, vi.

237; in Alcatrazes Island, x.

16.
Canphasantes, people of Africa, vi.

169.
Caraab, King of, vii. 181.
Carachico, in Teneriffe, vi. 131.
Caramantians, people of Libya, vi.

168.
Caramental, cacique, and Augustine

Delgado, x. 498.
Carbino, quarter of the wind be-
tween west and south, vi. 168.
Carcia, conspirator against Thomas

Dassell (1591) vii. 95,
Carcia, Captain Ulloa's soldier and

the Indians (1540) ix. 264.
Carcions, see Boys.
Cardarus, voyage of, to Iceland, iv.

13, 102.
Carden, Humphrey, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 318.

Cardiner, Alexander, surgeon on the

Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.
Cardiner, Master, in Virginia, viii.

317-

Cardiner, Wolfe, and the importa-
tion of apricots, v. 241.

Caret, Richard, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Caret, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.
144.

Carge, John, wounded by Indians

(1586) XI. 296.

Cargefield, William, of the Hugh
Gallant, landing of (1587) xi.

311-
Cargopam, Queen of, tributary to
the King of Bezeneger (1567) v.

389.

Garland, the, in Sir Walter Raleigh's
fleet (1592) VII. 105; Sir Walter
Raleigh in, 107.

Garland, the, in Drake and Hawkins
Expedition (1595), Sir John Haw-
kins's ship in, X. 230; Sir Thomas
Baskerville's flagship on Haw-
kins's death, x. 230, 245; pinnace
of, lost, X. 236; at the fight of
Pinos (1596) 262.

Carleben, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
327-

Carlic, remedy against Indian
poisons, X. 397.

Caronne river, in Florida, discovered
by Captain Ribault (1562) viii.
460.

Carrard, hostage to the captain of
Baku (1580) III. 226.

Garrard, Anthony, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Carrard, Anthony, his information
concerning the voyages to Brazil
(1540) XI. 25; adventurer for
Brazil (1580) 33.

Garrard, Sir William, see Garret.

Garraway, Thomas, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.

Garraway, William, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 74, 75, 78.

Garret, John, master of the Minion
(1567) IX. 398.

Garret, Carrard or Gerard, Sir
William, 11. 306, 392; alderman,
consul of the Muscovy Company,
306, 392 ; governor of the Mus-
covy Company (1563) iii. 39;
granted Persian privileges (1567)
64; granted Russian licence (1569)
93 » 95 J granted free access to
Russia (1569) 109; and the Eng-
lish ships for Russia, 167; Em-
peror of Russia's displeasure with,
177, 180; and Persian trade, 212;
and the discovery of Cathay (1553)
331; and the second voyage to
Barbary (1552) vi. 138; and the
voyage to Guinea (1562) 253, 258;
meeting at the house of (1564)
262.

Garret, William, of the Levant
Company (1581) v. 193-202.

Carrowe, W^illiam, licenced to trade
in Russia free from customs (1592)

, III. 440.

Garter, order of the, 11. 357.

Carthe, Richard, i. xxx.

Casaria, see Taurida.

Gasarians, see Taurida, people of.

Caspar de Mexico, Christian Indian
in Cevola (1582) ix. 199.

Gaspay, see Gasp^.

Casp^, haven, viii. 203; latitude,
277. ^

Cassaria, see Taurida.

239

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Gassipine, see Cotton Wool.
Gastaldion, borough of, in Italy, iv.

^444-

Gastaldus, and the north-west pass-
age, VII, 162.

Gate, Cape de, see Gates.

Gates, Sir Thomas, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Gates, Cavo de, William Harborne
at (1583) V. 243; John Evesham
leaves his fleet at (1587) vi. 35.

Gate, Ochi de, see Cat's eyes.

Gato, El buio del, described in the
Rattier, x. 289.

Gatte, Cavo de la, John Locke at
(1553) V. 85; Nestor Martiningo
at (1571) 149.

Gauls in Italy and Greece (b.c) iv.
269.

Gauri, King of Egypt, miracle in
the reign of, v. 339; Jehbir and
the caravan of, 348.

Gawralo, Neodatza, secretary to
Feodor Andrewich Spisemskie
(1582) III. 463.

Gay, Duke of Tartary, i. 150.

Gaymal, Geoffrey of, witness of Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, i. 338.

Gaza, John Eldred at (c. 1587) vi.

Gazari, see Taurida, people of.
Gazatia, position of, vi. 170.
Gebarsvil, hot baths in, iv. 35,

129.
Gedney, in Lincolnshire, Hakluyt

rector of (1612) xii. 83.
Geese in Upper India, iv. 423.
Gefferson, William, master of the

flagship Bona Esperanza (1553) 11.

206, 212.
Geffherne, in the Duchy of Liine-

burg, V. 320.
Gefi"reis, see Jeff"reys.
Geirgifield, William, killed by In-
dians on Puna Island (1587) xi.

318.
Geisera, island, conquered by the

Portuguese, viii. 127.
Gelber, Anthony, of Prussia, death

of, at Cyprus (1553) v. 100.
Gelder, Hans van, and the English

ships, II. 61.
Gelderland, ships from, before

Calais, i. 299.

Genaza, latitude of, x. 336.

Genealogy of Murad Khan (1580) v.
184.

Genevois, Stephen le, conspiracy of,
against Captain Laudonniere
(1564) IX. 39.

Genguis, a sect in Japan, vi. 338.

Gennadius on the heretic Pelagius,^
IV. 277.

Gennings, Tristram, called in coun-
cil by Robert Withrington (1587)
XI. 211.

Genoa, Philip, King of France, at
(1190) IV. 321; Christian army
sails from (1390) 451; Chios, the
property of (1569) v. iii ; and the
Turks, 112; English ships to trade
in, 116; ships of, and the Straits
of Magellan, xi. 258 ; surrender of
the fleet of, at Chiozza (1380) xii.

3-
Genoese, home products of, 11. 123 ;

war of the, against the Moors

(1390) IV. 450, 451.
Genre, le, accomplice of La

Roquette's conspiracy against

Captain Laudonniere (1564) ix.

39-

Gentiles, pilgrimage of the, to
Benares, v. 477.

Gentlemen adventurers, see Adven-
turers.

Gentlemen of the chamber of the
Emperor of Russia, iii. 414.

Genua, see Genoa.

Genuois, see Genoese.

Genuoys, see Genoese.

Geoffrey, a Maltese renegado, steals
a brigantine from Tripolis (1585)
v. 308.

Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100-1154),
* Historia Britonum,' i. 3, 7.

Geography, Arabian, by Abilfada
Ismael, John Baptista Ramusio
on. III. 412 ; Japanese, vi. 332.

George, a Greek pilot for the Chili
coast, taken and tortured with
three Spaniards by Thomas Cav-
endish (1587) XI. 309.

George, letter-bearer of the Grand
Master of Rhodes (1522) v. 13.

George, son of Wsewolod, 11. 185.

George, son of Demetrius, killed by
Bathy (1237) 11. 186.

240

INDEX

George, Spanish captain, taken by
Sir Walter Raleigh, x. 364.

George, William Towerson's negro,
in Guinea (1557) vi. 217, 225;

(1577) 245.
George, Captain, information of,

about a silver mine near the Car-

oli river (1595) x. 403.
George, the (Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert's), see the Delight.
George, the, of London, iii. 252 ;

discipline of, 253, 254; victualled

for two years, 256 ; damaged by

ice (1580) 295; aground, 296.
George, the, voyage to Guinea of

(1566) VI. 266; in the fight with

Portuguese (1567) 282.
George, the, John Varney, captain

of (1585) X. 99.
George, the, rear-admiral's ship of

Sir Anthony Sherley (1596) x. 266;

return of, with his letters (1597)

276.
George, the, ship captured by Robert

Withrington (1587) xi. 224.
George, the, bark taken by Thomas

Cavendish and called (1587) xi.

307-

George Bonaventure, the, in Cepha-
lonia (1585) V. 310.

George Noble, the, of London, and
the Revenge (1591) vii. 43.

George Noble, the, ship of Sir An-
thony Sherley (1596) x. 266; sent
to Mogador Island, 267.

Georgia, i. 65, 78, 86, 166, 230; con-
quest of part of, 154; mountains
of, 271 ; Edward Cleark in, iii.
34; silk market in, 50, 68; mer-
chant of, and Laurence Chapman,
158; or Grosin, 158; Russian fur
trade in (1588) 365; King of, and
Anthony Jenkinson, iii, 33 ; his
sons, I. 85 f. ; his sons at the court
of Tartary, 138, 170; his son a
Christian, iii. 30.

Georgians, Tartars and, i. 86.

Georgius Agricola on petrifying
fountains in Iceland, iv. 36, 132.

Gerard (Garrard), Peter, agent to the
Muscovy Company (1579) ill. 212;
winters at Astrakhan, 217; returns
to England (1581) 247.

Gerard, Thomas, of the English

f!eet, and the Armada (1588) iv.

217.
Gerard, Sir Thomas, of the Cadiz

expedition, lands at Cadiz (1596)

IV. 250.
Gerard, Sir William, see Garret.
Gerbi, English ship taken at, by

the Maltese (1583) v. 275; King

of Tripolis' son, governor of (1584)

304-

Gerfalcons, Richard Gray on, 11.
396 ; in Rhiphei Mountains or Cin-
gulus Mundi, iii. 369, 411; Great
Khan of Cathay's white, iv. 432;
sent from Florida to New Spain
(1572) IX. 397.

Gerickson, Jonas Sueden, twenty-
first bishop of Schalholt, in Ice-
land (1432) IV. 57, 156.

Germanie, see Germany.

Germans, soldiers in the Armada
(1588) IV. 205.

Germany, ambassadors of, i. 177;
English trade with, 315; and Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, 333; Eng-
lish merchants in (1404) 11. 108 f. ;
Thome's map of, 169; Anthony
Jenkinson in, iii. 195; agaricum
and carabbe found in, vi, 26;
ships of. King of Spain's com-
mission concerning the (1585) 417,-^
from Mar del Zur to, voyage of
Friar Andrew Urdaneta, vii. 196.

Gernesey, see Guernsey.

Gerrard, brother of Hugh of Tab-^
aria, iv. 305.

Gerrin, see Pois Gerrin.

Gersech, sanjack of, in the
Hungarian-Turkish war (1594) vi.
104.

Geste City, near the Sea of Sand,

IV. 410.

Getulia, south of Mauritania or Bar-

bary, vi. 167.
Gevano, see Aquita.
Ghaletsa, province of Russia, iii.,

359- .
Ghassain, from Goa to, vi. 29.
Ghelfo, Julius Caesar, of Bressa

made slave at Famagusta (1571)

V. 151.
Ghendt, see Ghent.

Ghent, hoyes or ships of, and the
Armada (1588) iv. 204.

24]

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Ghesira Island, near Alexandria, v.

330.
Ghetto, in Algiers, v. 272 ; Henry

Roberts' lodgings at, at Morocco

(1585) VI. 427.
Ghoioven, Peter, treasurer of the

Emperor of Russia, and English

merchants (1583) iii. 329.
Ghosti Carabelski, meaning of, iii.

333-
Giagra, sugar made of Indian nuts,

V. 379. 470.

Giamalazar, or house of Lazarus,
general university of Egypt, v.
335.

Giambelat Bey, at the siege of
Famagusta (1571) v. 135, 148, 152.

Gianifampatan, King of, King of
Colombo, V. 39q.

Giannizzers, see Janissaries.

Giant, ' Anatomy ' of a Chinese, a
present to the King of Spain
(1570) IX. 459.

Giapan, see Japan.

Gibben, Richard, of the Elizabeth
(1584) V. 280.

Gibbes, master of the Thomas Allen
(1578) VII. 231.

Gibbes, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Gibbet set up by Magellan in Port
S. Julian, xi. 109, 157.

Gibraltar, Straits of, vii. 124;
Roger Bodenham in (1551) v. 72;
John Locke in (1553) 77; William
Harborne in (1583) 243; English
and Spanish fleets in (1586) vi,
57; Richard Wrag in (1593) 94;
fight between English and Span-
ish ships at (1590) VII. 31 f.; the
Centurion and five Spanish gal-
leys in (1591) 35; Nicolo Zeno's
ship through (1380) 447; latitude
of, X. 335.

Gibs, Richard, shipmaster of the
Muscovy Company, iii. 303.

Gibson, Clement, mariner of the
Bona Confidentia (1553) 11. 214.

Gideon, and the Midianites, viii.
103.

Giebegies in the Hungarian-Turkish
war (1594) VI. 104.

Giersul, retinue of the beglerbeg of,

VI. 6y.

Gifford, Sir George, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 260; captain in Sir
Martin Frobisher's fleet (1592) vii.
107; in Sir Walter Raleigh's ex-
pedition to Guiana (1595) x. 353,
378, 396, 403, 417, 422 ; capture of
Indian canoes by (1595) 388.

Gift, the, Sir Amyas de Preston's
ship (1595) X. 213.

Gifts, a hindrance to commerce, 11.
128; Queen Mary's, to the Rus-
sian ambassador, 356 ; to the Em-
peror of Russia, 359; sent to
Queen Mary by the Emperor of
Russia, 360 ; to the Emperor by
Queen Mary, 361 ; to the ambas-
sador, 361 ; Anthony Jenkinson's,
to the Emperor of Russia, 478 ;
made by Richard I. to the French
King and others (1191) iv. 325.

Giggs, Edmund, on the Content,
non-combatant (1591) x. 183.

Gilan, III. 51; province of Persia,
35 ; trade in, 43 ; good silk market
at, 61 ; Laurence Chapman's voy-
age to (1568) 141; open to Eng-
lish trade, 146.

Gilbert, pilot of Laurence Keymis in
Guiana (1596) x. 468; on Tobago
Island, 478.

Gilbert, Adrian, Queen Elizabeth's
letters patent to, for discovery of
the China passage (1583) vii.
375-381 ; bark of, in Thomas
Cavendish's last voyage (1591) xi.
389; returns home, 391.

Gilbert, Doctor, and George Wat-
son's work, XII. 81.

Gilbert, Edward, granted Russian
licence (1569) iii. 109.

Gilbert, John, burnt by the Inquisi-
tion (1575) IX. 424; escape from
the Contractation House and re-
capture, his condemnation, 463.

Gilbert, John, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition (1595) x. 380,
396, 403.

Gilbert, Richard, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey (1539-83) i.
xxviii. ; and Anthony Jenkinson
on north-east passage (1581) iii.
457; and passage to Cathay (1549)
VII. 158-190, 192 ; map of the

242

INDEX

world by, engraving of, 176;
spherical instrument invented by,
190 ; portrait of, viii. iii. ; letters
patent granted by Queen Elizabeth
for colonising America (1578) viii.
17-23 ; praises of, by Stephen
Parmenius (1583) 23-33; voyage
of, 34-77> 85-88; death of, in a
storm, VIII. 74; praise and criti-
cism of, 76; discoveries of, 89,
117; reception in Newfoundland,
90 ; return home, 92 ; and the
North-west passage, xii. 25 ; col-
onisation plan by, 35 ; charter
granted to, by Queen Elizabeth
(1578) 36; death of, 38; Warner
on, 97,

Gilbert, Sir John, and the live sable
sent by Sir Humphrey (1583) viii.
60 ; and Edward Hayes, master of
the Golden Hind, 75.

Gilbert's Sound, discovered by John
Davys (1585) vii. 386; the Sun-
shine at (1586) 410, 413.

Gildhall, see Guildhall.

Giles, Geoffrey, mariner in a Span-
ish ship, IX. 460.

Gilgat in Armenia, great silk trade
(1568) III. 147.

Gill, George, purser of the Tiger

(1583) V. 455-
Gillam, William, escape of, from a

storm (1576) X. 87.
Gillan, see Gilan.
Gillescrist, son of Mac-Kerthac, i.

39-
Gillingham, Francis Ashby at (1564)

VI. 262.
Gilman, Edward, captain of the

Scout (1585) X. 99
Gilman, John, joint owner of the

Jesus (1583) v. 292.
Gilolo, or Jilolo, the Portuguese at,

VIII. 129 ; Batochina Island near,

XI. 336.
Gilpin, John, and the Russian am-
bassador (1556) II. 353.
Ginger found in India, v. 503.
Ginnee, see Guinea.
Gioechni, Greek patriarch in Cairo,

miracle of, v. 339.
Giraldo, Lucas, sugar houses of, xi.

79 ; lord of As Ilhas, 250.
Giraldus Cambrensis (i 146-1220), on

the Hebrides, i. 302 f. ; Itinerari-

um Cambriae by, iv. 340.
Gironde, river in Florida, discovered

by Captain Ribault (1562) viii.

460.
Girybia Island, Brazil, xi. 34.
Gittons, Williams, merchant, on

the Bona Esperanza (1553) 11.

2T2.

Giustiniano, Lorenzo, ambassador
for Chios (1564) v. 121.

Glaciale, Mare, see Frozen Sea.

Glande, Darby, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Glane, Elizabeth, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Glanvile, Ranulph, Earl of Chester,
travels of (12 18) iv. 349, 350.

Glass, English, used for window
panes, iii. 129.

Glastonbury, i. 18.

Glauca, in Misena, iv. 38, 134.

Glaven, Darby, left at Mosquito Bay
(1587) VIII. 389.

Glinsky, Knez Ivan Michaelowitch,
III. 340.

Globe, published by William Sander-
son (1587) VII. 445.

Glocester, see Gloucester.

Gloucester, Lord of, 11. 121, 122.

Gloucester, Thomas, Duke of, his
journey, i. liv. ; regent of England
(1359) 301 ; his voyage to Prussia,
306.

Glover, Thomas, 11. 406 ; letter from
the Muscovy Company to, 401 ;
agent of the Muscovy Company,
III. 37, 42 ; and Arthur Edwards,
44, 52 ; privileges withdrawn from,
118; in the Moscow fire, 170;
offences of, 183 ; and the Emperor
of Russia, 190.

Gnats, in Meta Incognita, vii. 373;
dangerous, in S. Domingo, ix.
342.

Goa, Cassar Frederick's description
of (1563) V. 373, 380; trade with
Diu, 377 ; besieged by King Dial-
can (1570) 381, 439; voyage of
Caesar Frederick, 388, 440 ; pro-
ducts of, sent to Bezeneger, 389;
John Newbery imprisoned at (1583)
458, 461 f., 507, VI. 7; Ralph
Fitch at (1583) v. 463, 464, 471,

243

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

503 ; weight, measure and money
current in, vi. 17; charges from
Aleppo to, 23; description, 26-30;
monsoons to and from, 29-34;
Thomas Stevens's letter from
(1579) 377-385; ship from, cap-
tured by the Edward Bonaventure
(1592) 398, 399; planof, engrav-
ing of, VI. 384 ; Spanish carracks
from (1592) VII. 112; discovered
by the Portuguese, viii. 128;
Portuguese garrison at, 445, 487;
bound for Malacca, with victuals
(1591) X. 196; English at, xii.
102.

Goats, found in Maio Island, xi.
104, 105 ; skins of, sent to Portu-
gal, VI. 275.

Goauar, river, x. 408.

Gobarto, monstrous fish, on West
African coast, vi. 461.

Godard, Anthony, captain of the
sailors of Sir John Hawkins
landed near Panuco (1568) ix. 412,
414-429, 455, 456; his men
marched to Mexico (1568) 417-420,
458; as slaves in Tescuco, 421,
459 ; sold as slaves in Mexico, 422 ;
working as miners, 423 ; prisoners
of the Inquisition (1575) 424; put
on the rack, 426; led to execution
by the Inquisition (1575) 427; some
of his company sent to Spain with
General Lugon (1568) 459.

Goddard, see Godard.

Godek, John, of Danzig, Prussian
ambassador to England, 11. 37, 38,
48.

Godenoe, or Godonova, Boris Feo-
dorowich, brother of the Emperor
of Russia, Feodor Ivanowich
(1583) III. 327, 340; adopted son
of the Emperor of Russia, 336 ;
his friendliness to English mer-
chants, 346; master of the horse.
413 ; his letter to Lord Burghley
(1590) 419-422, 436-438; Queen
Elizabeth's letter to, 428-430; Lord
Burghley 's letter to, 430-432 ; his
letter to Queen Elizabeth, 434-
436.

Godericus, his voyage to the Holy
Land (1102) iv. 297.

Godetz, birds, their description by

Jacques Cartier (1584) viii. 184,
187, 192.

Godezere, the, English ship from
Newcastle (1394) 11. 60.

Godfrey, John, of Bristol, master
gunner of the Matthew Gonson
(1535) V. 68.

Godfrey, Thomas, on the Content
(1591) X. 183.

Godolphin, Sir Francis, and wreck-
age of the Victory (1589) vii. 30;
and death of Sir Richard Gren-
ville (1591) 44.

Godonoe, Gregory Vasilowich, stew-
ard of the household of the Em-
peror of Russia, III. 413.

Godonoe, Ivan Vasilowich, and Feo-
dor Alexandrowich, tasters of the
Emperor of Russia, iii. 414.

Godonoe, Stephan Vasilowich, treas-
urer of the Emperor of Russia, iii.

413.

Godonova, Demetri Ivanovitch, Em-
press Irenia's uncle (1584) iii. 343.

Godoroke, in Russia, 11. 420.

Godred Crovan, son of Harold the
Black, I. 25 ; Ireland and, 26.

Godred Don, son of Reginald, i.
38.

Godred, son of Svrric, King of Man,
I. 25 ff.

Godred, son of Olaf, King of Man,
I. 30 f. ; Sumerled and, 32 ; his
marriage with Fingola, 32 ; death

of, 33-
Godred, son of Olaf, i. 39.
God's Mercy, Cape of, discovered by

John Davys, vii. 390; islands

near, 391.
Godschalcus, seventeenth bishop of

Holen, in Iceland (1457) iv. 57,

155-
Godschalcus, nineteenth bishop of

Holen, in Iceland (1500) iv. 57,

156.
Godwera, see Gutuere.
Godwin, Earl, and his son Sweyn,

IV. 283.
Godwin, William, ' Political Justice'

by, XII. 118.
Goford, ships from, in Edward III.'s

fleet, I. 299.
Gogi and Magogi, Abilfada Ismael

and the, iii. 413.

244

INDEX

Golconda, Ralph Fitch in (c. 1583)
V. 472.

Gold, Enf^lish expedition to find
(1553) VI. 147; trade in Guinea
(1555) 163, (1556-77) 195-245 ; orna-
ments, worn by Africans, 173 ;
stores of, in China, 354; found in
captured ships, vii. 66; mines of,
in inland Africa (1591) 88; in
Guinea, 98; in Tombuto and
Gago, loi ; found in Meta Incog-
nita, 283, 372 ; in Saguenay river,

VIII. 237, 245 ; found in Canada,
268, 282, 284; copper preferred to,
by Indians of Florida (1524) 433;
in the kingdom of Calos (1565)

IX. 50; in the Apalatci mountains,
55, 88, 112, 113; in Coragones,

127; in Cevola, 163, 199; in Cali-
fornia, 318; in Nova Albion, 325,
XI. 123; in Lequeos Islands, 334;
in Veragua coast, 366; in Nicar-
agua, 367; in rivers in Mexico,
382; sapies' store of (1564) x. 18;
mines, of the Caribs (1565) 30;
found in Florida, 57; ornaments
of, made and worn by Indians,
58; mines of, in Hispaniola, 115;
mines of, in China, 165 ; mines
•of, in Seawano and Waliame,
207; in Guiana, Sir Walter
Raleigh on the (1595) 341, 344;
in Trinidad, 350, xi. 22 ; profusion
of wrought, used in Guiana, x.
357; unwrought, hidden in Cuzco,
358; from Guiana, x. 364, 366,
369, 403, 405, 414, 416, 425, 426,
461, 468, XI. 9, 13; idol of, sent
to the King of Spain by the In-
dians (1593) X. 439; 'growing' in
Trinidad, xi. 22 ; mines at S. Vin-
cent, 26 ; Indians constrained by
Spaniards to work the mines of,
275 ; found on Solomon Islands,
289 ; in Arauco, 303 ; in the
Philippines, xii. 21.

{jolden Dragon, the, Christopher
Newport, captain of (1592) vii.
112 ; flagship of Christopher New-
port's fleet (1591-2) X. 184.

Golden Hind, the, rear-admiral of
Sir Humphrey Gilbert's expedition
(1583) VIII. 47; succeeds to the
vice-admiral, 48; meets the Swal-

low in Conception Bay, 50; meets
the Squirrel at S. John's Harbour
(1583) 51; leaves S. John's Bay,
62 ; sufferings of, 69 ; returns to
Falmouth, 74, xii. 37.

Golden Hind, Drake's ship, see
Pelican.

Golden Nohle, the, of London, in
Tunis (1586) VI. 46.

Golden, Sir Jerome Horsey at (1584)

in- 345-

Goldesmith, Clays, ship-master, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 63.

Golding, Rainold, merchant on the
Edward Bonaventure, death of
(1592) VI. 396.

Golding, Robert, and the captain of
Baku (1580) III. 224; his expedi-
tion to Shemakha (1580) 230, 232,
at Uchooge, 239 ; at Astrakhan,
240; leaves Astrakhan, 245.

Goldmore gate, Anthony Jenkinson
at, II. 413.

Gold-powdered Indians, described by
Armago, x. 208; described by Sir
Robert Dudley, 361 ; during their
Borracheras, 437.

Goleta, see Goletta.

Goletta, Island, Laurence Aldersey
at (1586) VI. 39.

Goletta, the, in Barbary, iii. 238;
port of Tunis, vi. 35, . 143.

Gomara, Francisco Lopez de, 'Gen-
eral History of the West Indies '
by, quotations from, vii. 134, 153,

IX. 152, 156, 163-169, X. 356, 357,
359, 400; on America, an island,
VII. 171 ; and the Indians from
America, 173 ; his mention of
Acuco, IX. 296.

Gomera Island, and town, descrip-
tion and latitude of, vi. 132, 156;
William Towerson at (1555)
178; the Castle of Comfort
at (1567) 269; Sir John Haw-
kins at (1567) IX. 399, 466;
Sir John Hawkins at (1564)

X. II, (1567) 64; Sir Amyas de
Preston at (1595) 215; latitude of,
332-

Gomes Polo Islands, near Sumatra,

VI. 395- .
Gomez, Diego, governor of Fayal

(1589) VII. 9.

245

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Gomez, Martin, prisoner of the
King of Calos (c. 1565) ix. 51.

Gomez, Perez, heirs of, owners of
Aioanapa town, ix. 468.

Gomez, Stephen, and the discovery
of the north-west passage (1527)
VII. 187.

Gondeau, Stephen, mutineer, pri-
soner at Archaha (1564) ix. 43.

Gonnavy, or Guanaba, near Cape
Tiburon, x. 198.

Gonsaga, Vespasian, of the Spanish
fleet, and the Armada (1588) iv.
205.

Gonsales, Juan, discoveries of, con-
cerning Guiana, x. 496.

Gonsalvez, Pedro (1588) vii. 91, 94-

97-

Gonson, Benjamin, father-in-law of
Sir John Hawkins, and the voyage
to Guinea (1561) vi. 253; and the
proposed voyage to Guinea (1564)
262 ; and the negro trade (1562)
x. 7-

Gonson, Richard, captain of the
Matthew Gonson (1534) v. 67.

Gonzalves, Peter, King of Portu-
gal's envoy to Pinteado (1551) vi.

153-

Good Fortune, Cape, Stephen
Borough and (1556) 11. 326, 365.

Good Hope, Cape of, 11. 163, 169,
177, VI. 144, 170, 379, 380, XI.
343. 35I' 355. 366; Captain
George Raymond at (1591) vi.
388, X. 194 ; the Edward Bonaven-
ture doubles the (1593) vi. 402,
X. 197; strong sea currents at
the, VII. 166; on the south-
eastern road to Moluccas, 191 ;
people of, 264; the Gabriel at
(1578) 341; discovered by Bar-
tholomew Diaz (1494) VIII. 127, XII.
3; Sir Francis Drake at (1580) xi.
132; Thomas Cavendish at (1588)
342, 370.

Goodlay, George, master of the
Tohy (1593) vii. 124; death, 125.

Goodman, Edward, English messen-
ger to Russia, III. 174.

Goods, law about Prussian stolen, 11.
53 f. ; sent from England to Russia,
380 ; English, in Persia, protected
by the Shah in case of owner's

murder, iii. 65 ; carriage of, in
Persia, 146; English, for foreign
trade. 273-275 ; English merchants',
seized by the Emperor of Russia
(1589) 427, 437; English, com-
plained of in Russia, 471; Portu-
guese, found in a captured galleon,

VI. 399; detained at Yoala (1591)

VII. 96; useful for the S. Vincent
trade, xi. 28-29; in Brazil, 37, 38.

Goodwin, Captain, at the Groyne,
death of (1589) vi. 488.

Goodwin, or Godwin, Hugh, left by
Sir Walter Raleigh to Topiawari's
care to learn his language (1595)
x. 414; supposed to have been
eaten by a tiger, 470.

Gordianus the Elder, proconsul of
Africa, iv. 72, 173.

Gordon, see Gourdon.

Gore, Gerald, the elder, and his
sons, members of the Barbary
Company (1585) vi. 419, 420 f.

Gore, Thomas, the elder, member of
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
422.

Gorge, Arthur, of the English fleet,
and the Armada (1588) iv. 217.

Gorges, Butshead, of the expedition
of Sir Walter Raleigh to Guiana
(1595) X. 380, 396, 403.

Goring, Captain John, land-captain
in Sir Francis Drake's fleet (1585)
X. 98; and the Portuguese mes-
senger (1585) 106; in S. lago city,
107; Alonso Bravo, governor of
Cartagena, taken prisoner by
(1586) 119.

Gorney, Christopher, boy of the
Sunshine of London (1585) vii.
382.

Goro.Earl Giovanni Francesco, death
of, at the defence of Famagusta
(1571) V. 136.

Goropius, Joannes, 'Origines' by, i.
xxi.

Goset, bearer of Rubruquis' letters,
I. 233; Rubruquis' clerk, 276.

Gosmit, Tartars and, i. 86.

Gosnopoli monastery, iii. 80, 81.

Gospatricius (Gospatric), son of
Mac-Kerthac, i. 39.

Gostigo, John, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

246

INDEX

Gostine house, Persian merchants'

place of meeting, iii. 219.
Gostomislius of Novgorod (1572) 11.

183.
Goswinus, twenty-second bishop of

Schalholt, in Iceland (1445) iv. 57,

156.
Gothland, heat of, vii. 271.
Goths, Dutch speaking, i. 233.
Goticum Mare, vii. 176.
Gotland, King Arthur and, i. 3 f.,

6; King Vortiporius and, 8;

Octher and, 14 f. ; Wolstan and,

15-
Goto, in Benin, vi. 458; English

merchants at, 459; Master

Hassald at (1591) 465.
Goto, in Japan, governor of, and his

soldiers, xi. 425.
Gotoguane, province of Guiana, x.

498.
Gouion, John, goes with Jacques

Cartier up the Hochelaga river

(1535) VIII. 230.
Gourdon, governor of Calais (1588)

IV. 224 ; and Sir Walter Raleigh

(1592) VII. 107.
Gourds, Friar Odoric's account of

the, in Kalor, iv. 435 ; crew of the

Edward Bonaventure feeds on, vi.

406; found in Virginia, viii. 360;

in Florida, 455 ; in Sambula

Island, X. 17, 20.
Gouren, Tanda in, v. 481 ; Ralph

Fitch in (c. 1583) 482.
Gourgues, Captain Dominique de,

and the fourth voyage of the

French to Florida (1567) ix. 100-

112; and Indian kings, 102;

attacks the Spaniards, 104; In-
dians' devotion to, 109; his life

and voyages, 11 1 ; his death (1582)

112.
Gourney, Matthew, voyage of, iv.

444.
Goven, Vobsky to, iii. 69.
Government, civil, of China (1590)

VI. 369; native, in Virginia (1586)

VIII. 375.
Governor of English merchants

abroad, appointed by Henry IV.

(1404) II. 108-110.
Governors of the Muscovy Com-
pany, III. 84.

Gowateri Island, x. 492 ; or Port
Howard, inhabited by the She-
baios (1596) 458.

Gower or Christian, see Giaour.

Gowry, Alcayde, and Edmund
Hogan (1577) VI. 291.

Gozi, Islands, v. 84; John Locke at
(1553) 100.

Graa, Thomas, of London and
York, ambassador to Prussia, 11.
18, 19, 25.

Grace, Cape, Stephen Borough at
(1557) II. 365, 417.

Grace, the, voyage of, to S. Laur-
ence Bay (1594) VIII. 162.

Grdce de Dieu, the, 11. 143.

Grace of God, the, Arthur Edwards*
ship (1568) III. 136.

Graciosa Island, George Fenner at
(1567) VI. 280; the Serpent at
(1586) 434; naval fight off, 435;
English fleet near (1589) vii. 11;
fight at, 12 ; Dutch ships at (1589)
63; Earl of Cumberland in, 66;
Spanish and Portuguese ships
wrecked at (1591) 86; English
fleet at (1590) viii. 422; latitude
of, X. 334.

Gracioso, see Graciosa.

Gradaige, the, of Venice, Caesar
Frederick's voyage in (1563) v.
366.

Grades in the Russian army, iii.
380.

Graduates, Chinese, and the King
of China (1590) vi. 362.

Graecia, see Greece.

Grafton, M., his account of the ex-
pedition to the North Pole (1527)

VIII. I.

Graie, see Gray.

Grain, harvest in Russia, iii. 364;
abundant in Cyprus, v. 125.

Gramme, Thomas, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 402.

Grana found in Coronto, vi. 27.

Grana Paradisi, found in Africa, vi.

175-
Granada, in Spain, i. 307; coast

of, in Thome's map, 11. 170.
Granada, New, name given to Cev-

ola by Vasquez de Coronado (1540)

IX. 151; taken by Vasquez, 153;
climate of, 156; in Peru, 174;

247

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Agiri's overthrow and death
in, 363; Antonio de Berreo in,
368 ; Don Antonio Ximenes, son
of Don Antonio de Berreo at, 372,
377; Orinoco river navigable
up to, X. 395 ; the Orinoco
river in, 408; Caceres settling
at, 497; difficulties of gaining
access to Guiana from, 499 ;
traffic with Cartagena, xi. 235,
XII. 66.

Granado, see Granada.

Granata, see Grenada.

Gran Canaria, see Grand Canary.

Grand Bay in Newfoundland, situa-
tion of, VIII. 56 ; voyage of John
Alphonse of Xanctoigne to (1542)
275-283 ; latitude of, 275 ; Rober-
val at, 284.

Grand Canary Island, John White
at (1590) VIII. 407; Robert Tom-
son at (1555) IX. 340; William
King at (1592) x. 190; Captain
Raymond at (1591) 194; the Dar-
ling at (1595) 215; Sir Francis
Drake at (1595) 227; latitude of,
280, 332 ; longitude from, to
Deseada, 336 ; Sir Walter Raleigh
at (1595) 349. (1596) XI. I.

Grand Cayman Island, Sir Thomas
Baskerville at (1596) x. 242.

Grand Pr6, mutineer, prisoner at
Archaha (1564) ix. 43.

Grande, river, in Florida, discovered
by Captain Ribault (1562) viii.
460.

Grande Coste, Charles Leigh's crew
on the way to (1597) viii. 172.

Grande, Rio, in Guinea, vi. 157;
death of the Edward Cotton's
crew at (1583) 412 ; negro trade in
(1591) VII. 98; fight of Sir John
Hawkins with seven Portuguese
carvels at (1568) ix. 447; the
Sapies inhabitants of (1564) x. 17.

Grande, Rio, near Morro Hermoso,
mentioned in the Ruttier, x. 288;
near Timana mountains, 368,

371-
Grande, Rio (Brazil), Philip II. and

the proposed conquest of (1596) xi.

64; French ships at, 66.
Grande, Rio, called also Ygrai, xi.

96.

Grandvell, Thomas Perenot of,
death of (1588) iv. 231.

Granganimeo, brother of the King
of Virginia (1584) viii. 300; de-
scription of, and of his wives,
302 ; his kindness to the English,
304; death of, 326.

Grange, la, see La Grange.

Granger, Edward, distress of, at
Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Granges, hills of the, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 189-
208.

Grangino, King Wingina's brother,
and Sir Richard Grenville (1585)
VIII. 316.

Grant, Captain, on the Sampson
(1594) VII. 119; Nuno Velio Pere-
ira, prisoner of, 122.

Grant, John, master of the Tiger,
and the boats in Cartagena har-
bour (1586) X. 124.

Grapes, found in Florida, x. 51,

Gratiosa, see Graciosa.

Gravelines, bridges made at, for the
Armada (1588) iv. 204; fortified
against the Armada, 209 ; fight at,
between English fleet and the
Armada, 224, 226.

Graves, in Earl of Cumberland's
Isles (1587) VII. 420.

Gravesend, Willoughby's fleet at, 11.
217; the Searchthrift at, 322;
Anthony Jenkinson's departure
from (1557) 413; Anthony Jen-
kinson's departure from (1561)
III. 15. (1566) 92; Christopher
Borough's departure from (1579)
214; return of Sir Jerome Bowes
to (1583) 328; Roger Bodenham
embarks at (1550) v. 71; Henry
Austell at (1586) 328; John New-
bery's departure from (1583) 452 ;
John Evesham's departure from
(1586) VI. 35; Richard Wrag's
departure from (1593) 94 ; Captain
Martin Frobisher at (1576) vii.
204, (1578) 231; Captain Fro-
bisher's ships at (1577) 285; de-
parture of M. Hore from, for
Newfoundland (1536) viii. 4;
Charles Leigh's departure from
(1597) 166; departure from, of the

248

INDEX

Earl of Cumberland's ships (1586)
XI. 202.

Gray, John, condemned to the gal-
leys by the Inquisition in Mexico
(1575) IX. 428.

Gray, John, Captain, and William
Harborne in Majorca (1583) v.
245. 247.

Gray, John, master's mate of the
Anne Francis and the pinnace
(1578) VII. 358.

Gray, Richard, 11. 291, 380, 392;
Queen Mary's letter and, 280;
agent to the Muscovy Company,
281, 384; Muscovy Company's
letter to, 379; masts bought by,
390; his letter to Henry Lane,
394-396; Thomas Alcock's letter
to, 396; Emperor of Russia and,

436.

Gray, Richard, captain of the Mat-
thew Gonson (1535) v. 68.

Gray, Sir John, knighted at Cadiz
(1596) IV. 260.

Grays, the Searchthrift at, 11. 322.

Grecia, see Greece.

Grecians and the use of mare's milk,
I. 252, 253.

Greece, i. 166; in Thome's map, 11.
170; Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.
195; Britons in (b.c.) iv. 269;
Robert de Ketene in (1143)
309; Southern, climate of, viii.
384 ; Beglerbeg of, at the siege of
Famagusta (1571) v. 148, 152;
pay of, VI. 61 ; retinue of the, 67;
in Poland, 72 ; in the Hungarian-
Turkish war (1594) 104.

Greek fire, i. 83.

Greek church ceremonies, descrip-
tion of, by John Locke (1553) v.
86.

Green, Mahomet's favourite colour,
forbidden in Holy Land, v. 89 ;
forbidden to Christians, 352.

Green Dragon, the, English ship in
Tripolis (1584) v. 304.

Green Dragon, the, of Havre,
in Grenada Island (1565) x. 25;
tidings of the Minion brought to
Sir John Hawkins by (1565)

35-
Green Island, Robert Withrington
at (1587) XI. 209.

XII 249

Greene, Henry, of Captain Amadas's
Company (1584) viii. 310.

Greene, Thomas, freedom granted
to (1569) III. 118.

Greene, Thomas, master of the
Toby of Harwich, bearer of
Arthur Pet's letters (1580) Iii.
283

Greeneaway, Ralph, alderman of
London, 11. 362.

Greenefield, Captain, in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, death of (1586) x.
134.

Greene's wife and children burned
in Moscow fire (1571) m. 169.

Greenland, King Arthur and, i, 6;
coast of. III. 461 ; distance of,
from Iceland, iv. 12, loi ; fables
concerning, 21, 112; position of,
196; English voyages to (1495)
VII. 141, 143; in Ortelius's map,
163 ; an island, 171 ; latitude of,
188 ; geographical position of, 198 ;
West Frisland supposed to be part
of the continent of (1578) 327;
strong sea currents in, 337; the
Sunshine at (1586) 407, 410; de-
scription of football in, 411; John
Davys at, 431, 440, 444; dis-
covered by Nicholas and Anthony
Zeno (1380) 445; description, 451-
456, 463 ; discovered by Frisland
fishers, 464; coasted by Davys,
XII. 28.

Greensell, Humphrey, and the
Portuguese Inquisition (1570) ill.
154.

Greenvile, Captain John, of Sir
Walter Raleigh's expedition to
Guiana (1595) x. 380, 396, 403,
417, 422.

Greenville, see Grenville.

Greenwich, Willoughby's fleet at, 11.

, 217, 244; departure of the Russian

ambassadors from (1568) iii. 99;

Queen Elizabeth at (1576) vii.

204.

Gregory, Thomas, of Taunton,
patent granted to (1592) vii. 102.

Grenada Island, the Green Dragon
of Havre at (1565) x. 25; Sir
Amyas de Preston in sight of
(1595) 216; Sir Robert Dudley at
(1594) 203; capture near, by Sir

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Robert Dudley (1595) 209; latitude
of, 332 ; Laurence Keymis at

(1596) 478.

Grenche, at Gillingham, Kent, i. 47,
48.

Grenville, Captain, in Sir Martin
Frobisher's fleet (1592) vii. 108.

Grenville, Sir Richard, vii. 62 ; vice-
admiral, and the Richard of Arun-
del (1591) VI. 466; captain of the
Revenge (1591) vii. 39; and the
Spanish fleet, 42 ; wounded, 43 ;
prisoner of Alfonso de Bagan,
47; death of, 47 f., 81; por-
trait of, 48; and the Span-
ish fleet at Corvo Island (1591)
VII. 80; character of, 81 f. ; ex-
ploits of, by John Huighen van
Linschoten (1589-91) 62; voyage
to Virginia (1585) viii. 310-
318, (1586) 347; and the governor
of Isabella in Hispaniola, 313; re-
turn to England, 317; colony in
Virginia founded by, 349; xii. 25,
41, 68.

Grenville, William, of Captain
Amadas's company (1584) viii.
310.

Gresham, John, goods of, in Portu-
gal, V. 63, 66.

Gresham, Sir John, privileges
granted to (1555) 11. 298; assistant
to the Muscovy Company, 307.

Gresham, Sir Thomas (1519-79),
founder of the mathematical lec-
tures, I. xxxvii.

Gresham, William, factor in the
Mary George (c, 15 11) v. 62.

Grevandel, fir woods at, v. 321.

Greveling, see Gravelines.

Grey, carpenter in the Hugh Gal-
lant, death of (1587) xi. 300.

Grey, Ralph, on the Content (1591)
X. 183.

Greyhound, the, Captain Laudon-
niere rescued in (1565) ix. 97.

Grida on the Red Sea, description
oi, V. 359.

Griega, Cavo de la, in Cyprus, v.

93-
Griego, John, Greek pilot of Sir

Francis Drake (1578) xi. 114.
Griffith, William, of the Solomon

(1584) v. 281.

Griffonum, Monasterium, Richard I.
seizes (1190) iv. 322.

Griffyn, Rowland, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Grigno, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

Grigs, Thomas, purser of the
Minion of London (1580) xi. 34.

Grijalva, well of, in S. Cruz, ix.
226.

Grimes, Master, English consul at
Patras (1586) vi. 40.

Grimes, Philip, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75, 78.

Grimesby, see Grimsby,

Grimsby, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 298.

Grimsby, New, in Scilly, John
Davys at (1585) vii. 382; Luke
Warde at (1583) xi. 201.

Grimston, Captain, in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, death of, in Grand
Canary Island (1595) x. 229.

Grindal, Edmund, Archbishop of
Canterbury, and the importation
of the Tamarisk from Germany,
v. 242.

Gripes, Cretan boats, v. 9.

Gripeswold, restitution for losses de-
manded of England by, 11. 36,

(1405) 55-
Grisland, Norwegian ship cast upon

(c. 1380) VII. 450.
Grcdecz, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

325-
Groenland, see Greenland.
Groine of Galicia, see Corunna Bay.
Groiswine, George, ship's carpenter

of the Bona Esperanza (1553) 11.

213.
Grolos, Thomas, bishop of Astra-

phen, and John F'oxe (1577) v.

166.
Grondland, see Greenland.
Groneland, see Greenland.
Gronland, see Greenland.
Grosin, see Georgia.
Grosse Carle, Hugh of Tabaria in

the country of the (1107) iv. 304.
Groutald, his discoveries at Utina's

court (1565) IX. 55.
Grove, master of the Three Half

Moons, and the Turks (1577) v.

154-

250

INDEX

Growte, or Groute, John, Jacques
Noel's first letter to, touching the
discoveries of Jacques Cartier
(1587) VIII. 272 ; second letter, 273.

Groyne of Galicia, see Corunna Bay.

Gruk, John, of Danzig, damages
paid to, II. 105.

Grussina, iii. 80, 81.

Grustina, Castle of, in Russia, iii.
408.

Grustintzi, people of, iii. 408.

Gryffons, emperor of the, see
Isakius.

Gryneus, Simon, annotations on ' De
Mundo ' by, vii. 162.

Guadalajara, troubles caused by
marriages in (1590) ix. 205.

Guadalcanal, Island, discovered by
Alvares de Mendanio, xi. 288.

Guadalquivir, Rio del Norte com-
pared to, IX. 190.

Guadalupe, Nuestra Senora de,
church near Mexico, ix. 419.

Guadeloupe, John White near (1587)

VIII. 387 ; Sir Francis Drake at
(1595) x. 229, 282; marks of, de-
scribed in the second Ruttier, 308 ;
Sir Walter Raleigh at (1597) xi.

15-
Guadiana, Friar Bernardin Beltran

at_(i583) IX. 203.
Guaia, Nuno de Silva, citizen of,

XI. 133-
Guaiacum, inferior to sassafras,

vm. 355-
Guaiaquil, see Guayaquil.
Guaiare river, tributary of Baraquan

river, x. 368.
Guaincapa, Emperor of Peru, and

the city of El Dorado, x. 340 ; a

son of. Emperor of Guiana, 356.
Guaipel Island, mentioned in the

Ruttier, xi. 81.
Guajaval river. Captain Ulloa at

(1539) IX. 208.
Gualle, Captain Francisco de, his

mention of vapours in California,

IX. 242 ; voyage of (1584) 326-

„ 337-

Gualtero, Topiawari's son, x. 466;

cousin of Don Juan, 469.
Guamone, see Cinnamon.
Guana Island, or Iwana, or Guai-

haime, one of the Ladrones

Islands, xi. 328, 363 ; latitude,

350. 369-
Guana, las Sierras de, mentioned in

second Ruttier, x. 330.
Guanaba, see Gonnavy.
Guanaguarico, las Sierras de, near

Cape de Corrientes, in second

Ruttier, x. 315.
Guanba, province of Guiana, x.

498.
Guanches, former inhabitants of

Teneriffe, vi. 131.
Guaniguanico, in Pinos Island, x.

250.
Guanima, Sir Richard Grenville at

(1585) VIII. 315.
Guanipa or Charuas Bay, x. 340 ;

Indians of, and the gold of

Guiana, 366; and Amana river,

378; Sir Walter Raleigh at (1595)

380 ; alliance of Indians of, with

those of Dominica (1576) 479.
Guanipa river, cannibals near, x.

423-

Guard, of the Emperor of Russia,
III. 414; English, at the court of
John, son of Alexius Comnenus
?ii77) IV. 311; of Sultan Murad
(1583) V. 256; Turkish, captain
of, or Solach Pasha, pay of, vi.
62 ; annuity of, 65.

Guarda Fu, see Guardafui.

Guardafui, Cape, the Portuguese at,

VIII. 128.

Guariparim, Sierra de, mentioned in

Ruttier for Brazil, xi. 81.
Guasacapan province, John Chilton

in (1570) IX. 366.
Guascar, see Huascar.
Guastecan province, John Chilton in

(1572) IX. 370; salt used as money

and medicine in, 371.
Guatazaca, old Indian v^oman living
^ in a lake (1540) ix. 305.
Guatemala, papal bulls for (1592)

VII. 105; John Chilton in (1568)

IX. 364, 369; description of the
city of, 366; cacao used as coin
and goods in (1572) 384; John
Cortez sent to, to fight the Eng-
lish (1580) 433; Miles Phillips
escapes to (1580) 440; distance
from, to the South Sea, x. 275.

Guatimala, see Guatemala.

251

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Guatulco, see Aguatulco.
Guavaes, nation on Rio Grande, xi.

96.
Guaxaca, Indian town in Mexico,

tribute paid by, ix. 364.
Guaxacan, bishopric of, situation of,

IX. 466.
Guaxutla, Augustinian monastery

in (1572) IX. 370.
Guayaquil, town in Peru, xii. 60 ;

sarsaparilla gathered at, xi. 286 ;

garrison at (1587) 315.
Guaybea, Brazil, Thomas Babington

at (1581) XI. 34. ^
Gudbrand Thorlacius, bishop of

Holen, in Iceland, iv. 6, 93; and

Arngrimus Jonas, 8, 97.
Gudmund, surnamed Bonus, fifth

bishop of Holen, in Iceland (1203)

IV. 54> 153.

Guer, Cabo de, in Africa, vi. 134;
latitude of, xi. 150.

Guernache, drummer in Charles-
Fort, death of (1562) viii. 482.

Guernsey, Lewis de Vike from, re-
port of (1583) VIII. 146.

Guerriero, or Ghenero, Augustine,
and Captain Alarchon in Colima
(1540) IX. 313, 318.

Guetelus, public notary of Utina
(1331) IV. 444.

Guia, a town in the Canaries, vi.
127.

Guiacar river, x. 408.

Guiana, XI. 18 ; discovery of Sir Robert
Dudley and Captain Popham con-
cerning (1595) X. 206; discovered
by Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) 225,
338-431, 398; distance from to the
sea, 354; importance of, 355; de-
scription by Sir Walter Raleigh,
356; Diego Ordas's attempt to
discover, 359; Pedro de Orsua's
attempt to discover, 362; Agira's
attempt to discover, 363 ; Ortal
and Silva's attempt to discover,
363; gold from, 364, 366, xi. 9,
13 ; map or chart of, by Sir
Walter Raleigh, x. 365, 385; Sir
Walter Raleigh's knowledge of,
371, 399, 410; Spanish rivalry
about the discovery of, 373, 434,
435, 460; map of, by Sir Walter
Raleigh, engraving of, 384; cli-

mate and products, 426, 427, xi.
13 ; river Amazon's course through,
16 ; easy of conquest, x. 428 ; easy
to fortify, 429 ; taken possession of
by Domingo da Vera (1593) 435;
second voyage to, by Laurence
Keymis (1596) 452-501; ten Span-
ish ships sent to, 491 ; Spanish at-
tempts to discover, quoted from
Juan de Castellanos' book, 496;
difficult of access, 499 ; Sir Walter
Raleigh's third voyage to, written
by Thomas Masham (1596) xi.
1-15 ; Sir Walter Raleigh's at-
tempt at colonising, xii. 72 ; ' The
Discovery of the Large, Rich, and
Beautiful Empire of Guiana,' by
Sir Walter Raleigh, xii. 73.

' Guiana Carmen Epicum, De,' by
George Chapman (1596) x. 446-
452, XII. 97.

Guiara, Diego de, of Biscay, dis-
covery of New Biscay by, ix.

3.64-.

Guicciardini, and the north-west
passage, vii. 162.

Guido, governor of Trebizond, i.
231.

Guido, King, see Guy.

Guido, son of Matthew, i. 341.

Guidotus, Father, of the Franciscan
Friars in Treviso, iv. 442.

Guildhall, London, Cologne mer-
chants' dues at, i. 323, 326.

Guilielmus Neobrigensis, see Wil-
liam of Newburgh.

Guillame, Peter, John Newbery's
friend (1583) v. 453.

Guillaumurius, King of Ireland, i.

4;

Guimunde, patriarch of Jerusalem

(1128) IV. 308.
Guinea, Portuguese possession, John
Tintam and William Fabian's in-
tended voyage to (1481) vi. 123;
English merchants' first voyage to
(1553) 141-152; latitude, 142, 378;
second voyage to (1554) i54-i77 ;
William Towerson 's first voyage to
(1553) 177-2 11; second voyage to
(1556) 212-231; third voyage to
(1577) 231-252; advice to John
Lock touching a voyage to (1561)
253; company, John Lock's letter

252

INDEX

to the (1561) 255-257; proposed
voyage to (1564) 262; voyage of
George Fenner to, by Walter
Wren (1566) 266-284; ship of, a
poisonous fish, 379 ; coast of, loss
of the Edward Cotton on the
(1583) 411; coast of, map of, en-
graving, 528 ; Spanish fleet from
(1589) VII. 71; gold in, 98; King
of Morocco's proceedings in (1594)
100; Mulley Balasen, son of the
King of Morocco, slain in, loi ;
Captain Windam's voyage to
(1553) 252; coast of, discovered
by the Portuguese, viii. 127;
Portuguese garrison at, 445 ; coast
of, negroes taken by Sir John
Hawkins on (1567) ix. 399, 447;
the William and John lost off the
(1568) 400; negroes of, sold in
Hispaniola by Sir John Hawkins
(1562) X. 7; coast of, first voyage
of Sir John Hawkins to (1562) 7;
second voyage (1564) 9-63; third
voyage (1567-8) 64-74; water-
dropping trees in (1564) 13;
negroes of, about Cape Verde, de-
scription (1564) 15; the Minion
and the Portuguese galleys in
(1565) 35; Portuguese ship from,
captured by Christopher Newport
(1591) 184; ship from, captured
by William King (1592) 191 ; Sir
Anthony Sherley on the coast of
(1596) 267 f. ; Edward Fenton in
sight of (1582) XI. 173, XII. 15.

Guinea-cocks in Granada, ix. 156.

Guinecourt, Captain in Francis de
Roberval's voyage (1542) viii. 283;
sent to France by Roberval to
carry news, 286.

Guinie, see Guinea.

Guiny-wheat, to make a drink, xi.

Guipusco, see Guipuzcoa.
Guipuzcoa and the Armada (1588)

IV. 200.
Gullistone Castle, iii. 25.
Gum found in Florida, x. 57.
Gum Arabic found in Zaffo, vi.
^27.

Gumme, see Gum.
Gimdall, the, Portuguese boat at

Sierra Leone (1582) xi. 179.

Gundy, Alexander, gunner's mate,
called in council by Robert With-
rington (1587) xi. 211.

Gunfacius, King of Orkney, i. 3.

Gunfride, keeper of the Tower of
David (1107) IV. 302.

Gunnasius, King of Orkney, i. 4.

Gunner, the Master, in John Win-
ter's voyage, killed by Patagon-
ians, XI. 157.

Gunner, the Master, called in coun-
cil by Robert Withrington (1589)
XI. 211.

Gunpowder in the Guipuzcoa ship

(1588) IV. 215.

Guns, made by Chinese, vi. 359.
Gunson, William, owner of the

Mary Grace (c. 1511) v. 62.
Gunson, see Gonson, Benjamin.
Guritini, river, or Curitini, honey

found near, x. 459.
Gusman, Don Fernando de, accom-
plice of Lopez de Agira, xi. 244 ;

killed by Agira, 245.
Guthlac, Saint, of Croyland monas-
tery (1064) IV. 290.
Gutieres, Diego, pilot, his account

of China, ix. 393.
Gutierez, Gregory, notary of Don

John Bennudes of Figueroa (1596)

X. 252.
Gutte, Port of, description of, viii.

186.
Gutuere, wife of Baldwin, voyage

of, to Jerusalem (1097) iv. 293;

death of, 294.
Gutyn Owen, on Madoc's discovery,

VII. 134.
Guy, King of Jerusalem, in Cyrus

(1191) IV. 330; and Philip, King

of France, 333.
Guy, Reinold, member of the Bar-

bary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Guy, Rowland, and the saltpetre at

S'us (1577) VI. 291.
Guydo, see Guido.
Guyecardinus, see Guicciardini.
Guzman, Don Pedro de, general of

the Spanish fleet from West In-
dies (1580) IX. 442.
Guzman, Don Pedro Henriquez de,

Conde de Fuentes, at Peniche

(1589) VI. 473.

253

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Guzman, Nunno de, governor of

New Galicia, ix. 121.
Guzula, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.

144.
Gwaripoco, see Iwaripoco.
Gwasto, Marquess del, captain of

horsemen in the Armada (1588)

IV. 205.
Gwathanelo, viii. 408.
Gwinne, Richard, ship's carpenter of

the Bona Esperanza (1553) li. 213.
Gwinne, Robert, purser of the Bona

Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.
Gwyn, David, and the Spanish

Armada, on the Bayonne coast

(1588) IV. 210.
Gwynedd, Madoc ap Owen, dis-
coveries of, VIII. 108, 109.
Gylbert, Sir John, knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.
G5'^pwich, see Ipswich.
Gyrthus, fifteenth bishop of Schal-

holt, in Iceland (1349) iv. 56, 155.
Gysserus, bishop of Schalholt, in

Iceland (c. 1090) iv. 15, 104.
Gysserus, second bishop of Schal-
holt, in Iceland (1082) iv. 54, 152.
Gysserus, twenty-seventh bishop of

Schalholt, in Iceland (1541) iv. 58,

157-

Habbakuk's Mountain, Laurence
Aldersey at (1581) v. 210.

Haban, King of, plans of English
merchants towards the (1561) vi.

254.

Habech, or Habasia, kingdom of, in
Africa, vi. 169.

Hachenberg, Ulrich, Prussian am-
bassador to England, 11. 18, 20.

Hacken, Arnold de, Prussian am-
bassador, II. 47, 91.

Hacker, Richard, of the Edward
Cotton (1584) VI. 412.

Hacklewit, see Hakluyt.

Hackluit, see Hakluyt.

Hackluyt, see Hakluyt.

Haco, King of Norway invades the
islands (1229) i. 38; acknowledges
Magnus, King of Man (1254) 40;
death of (1260) 40; long reign of,
IV. 68, 169.

Haderwerck of Westphalia, at Joppa
(1102) IV. 299.

Hafina, see Copenhagen.

Hage, see Hague.

Hague, in Holland, English and
Prussian ambassadors' meeting
place, II. 30, 32, 33, 36, 60, 79, 87,
91, 95; Henry Austell at (1585) v.
320.

Haharacoa, cacique, nephew to Topi-
awari, lord of Capurepana, x. 403.

Haie, see Hay.

Hainan Island, near China, vi. 349 ;
latitude of, 347; pearls at, 355.

Hainault, see Hainaut.

Hainaut, products of, 11. 129 f. ;
English merchants in, 146; Bald-
win, count of, I. 262.

Hais, John de, master carpenter at
Fort Caroline (1565) ix. 75; news-
bearer of the taking of Fort Caro-
line by Spaniards (1565) 96.

Haiward, see Heywood.

Hakluyt, Edmund, brother of the
author, i. xxxii.

Hakluyt, Richard (1552-1616) i.
xvii. ; panegyric verses on, Ix. ;
French voyages printed by, Ixviii. ;
translated by, viii. 439-445 ;
Epistle Dedicatorie to first edition
of Principal Navigations, i. xvii. ;
Preface to first edition, xxiii. ;
Principall Navigations, Title page
of first edition, xxiv. ; Epistle
Dedicatorie to first volume of
second edition (1598) xxxi. ; Title
page of first volume of second
edition, xxxii. ; Preface to the
second edition, xxxix. ; Epistle
Dedicatorie to second volume of
second edition (1599) Ixiii. ; Title
page of second volume of second
edition, Ixiv. ; Epistle Dedicatorie
to third volume of second edition
(1600) Ixxiv. ; Title page of third
volume of second edition, Ixxiv. ;
and Henry Lane, iii. 98-
100; Gerardus Mercator to, 275-
282; and the Levant merchants'
ledgers, v. 63; John Williamson's
voyage related to (1534) 67, 68;
John Newbery's letter to (1583)
452 ; and Nicholas Thome's letter
on the Canary Islands, vi. 124 ;
and Raymond Lancaster's voyage
to the East Indies (1591) 387;

254

INDEX

Stephen Parmenius's letter to
(1583) VIII. 78, 81; Sir Francis
Walsingham's letter to, 131; and
Walsingham's letter to Thomas
Aldworth, 132, 133; map of the
New World (a.d. 1587), dedicated
to, engraving of, 272 ; John
White's letter to (1585) 404-
406; Martin Basanier, friend
of, 439; Pedro Morales 's ac-
count of Florida made to (1586)
IX. 112; and Thomas Tison's voy-
age to the West Indies (1526) x.
6; notes of, on Andrew Barker's
voyage to Terra Firma (1576) 82-
88'; Sir Robert Dudley's voyage
(1594) written at the request of,
203 ; ' Examinations of Spanish
Masters and Pilots,' written by
Pedro Dias at the request of (1586)

XI. 458; letter from, to Sir Fran-
cis Walsingham, facsimile of

XII. 80; Introductory essay on, by
Professor Raleigh, xii. 1-120 ; and
Thomas Buts of the voyage
to Labrador, xii. 20; and the
Catholic missions, 32 ; * Dis-
course on the Western Planting '
by, 32 ; character and works of,
74; at Paris, and Don Antonio,
76; friends of, 76; life of, 77;
first work of, 79; chaplain of
Sir Edward Stafford, ambassador
in Paris (1583) 82; ecclesiastical
preferment of, 82 ; literary works
of, 83 ; quotation from, 84, 88,
89; living of James Town, Vir-
ginia, given to, 86 ; method of his
works, 89; 'Voyages of,' 92; re-
print of the ' Voyages of,' 119.

Hakluyt, Richard, of the Middle
Temple (cousin of the author), i.
xvii. , xxix. , XII. 78 ; letter to Morgan
Hubblethorne on Persia, i. 249-25 1 ;
list by, of dyeing materials to be
got in Constantinople (1582) v.
229; on trade (1582) 231; notes
framed by (1578) vii. 244; Oliver
Dawbeney's account of Newfound-
land to (1536) VIII. 4; Anthony
Parkhurst's letter to (1578) 9;
Ralph Lane's letter to (1585) 319;
* Remembrances for a Factor at
Constantinople ' by, 88.

Hakluyt, Richard, of Eyton, letter to
Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman,
III. 264; Henry Hawks 's account
of New Spain requested by (1572)
IX. 378.

' Hakluyt Society,' work done by
the, XII. 90.

Halabolina Harbour, in Ramea,
VIII. 167.

Halberstadt, Henry Austell at (1585)
V. 320.

Haldorus, Jonas, twelfth bishop of
Schalholt, in Iceland (1322) iv. 55,

154-
Halepo, see Aleppo.
Hales, Sir James, his regiment's

march to Lisbon (1589) vi. 497.
Halewater. John, damages paid to,

II. 103 f.
Halgeland, see Helgoland.
Halibut, found on the coast of Fris-

land (1577) VII. 289.
Hall, Christopher, of the Tomasin,

III. 247.

Hall, Christopher, his account of
Martin Frobisher's first voyage to
the north-west (1576) vii. 204;
pilot of the Thomas Allen (1578)
231 ; master of the Aid (1577) 285,
304; master of the Gabriel (1576)
290; chief pilot of Captain Fro-
bisher's fleet (1578) 323; his
opinion on the geographical situa-
tion of the fleet, 334; assistant in
sea causes in Captain Frobisher's
council, 348.

Hall, Christopher, master of the gal-
leon Leicester (1582) xi. 172; at
Sierra Leone, 175.

Hall, John, master of the Edward
Bonaventure, death of (1592) vi.
396.

Hall, Master, his account of the ex-

^ pedition to the North Pole (1527)

VIII. I.

Hallape, see Aleppo.

Halli Pasha, landing at Famagusta
(1571) V. 129.

Hall's Islands, discovered by Captain
Frobisher (1576) vii. 215; Captain
Frobisher at (1577) 290-292 ; archi-
pelago near, 364.

Halmacanir, King, and Captain
Gourgues (1567) ix. 102.

'55

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Haly, John, shipmaster of the Mus-
covy Company, iii. 303.
Hama, Hill of, described in the Rut-
tier, X. 305.
Hamacas, see Hammocks.

Hamacata, nuns in Japan, vi. 331.

Hamane, William, boatswain on the
Bona Confidentia (1553) 11. 214.

Hamber, small toys made at, v. 321.

Hamborough, see Hamburg.

Hambourgh, see Hamburg.

Hamburg, restitution of losses de-
manded from England by, 11. 34;
and England (1405) 55; wax
market at, 389 ; ambassador from,
399; Sir Jerome Horsey at (1584)
III. 345 ; distance between Iceland
and, IV. 12, 100; levies made at,
for the Armada (1588) 204; Henry
Austell at (1585) v. 320, 327;
William Harborne at (1588) vi.
58; hulk with Spanish goods cap-
tured by the English (1589) 510;
ship captured by the English
(1589) VII. 2; ships and Robert
Withrington (1586) xi. 203.

Hamed, Mully, brother of Mully
Abdelmelech, vi. 291.

Hamed, Mully, Sheriff, and English
trade (1585) vi. 419; and Henry
Roberts, 426; edict (1587) 428;
letter to Earl of Leicester, 430;
letter from Queen Elizabeth, 432.

Hamet, see Hamed.

Hammah, city, description of, vi. 2.

Hammocks, trade and use of, in
West Indies, x. 376.

Hamode, Alcaide, in Gago (1594)
vii. 99, 100 ; expedition to Guinea,
led by, loi.

Hamor, William, William Har-
borne's servant (1584) v. 282.

Hamowlhooke, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I. 298.

Hampshire, Sheriff of, and King
John, I. 320.

Hampton, John, captain of the
Minion, with Sir John Hawkins
(1567) IX. 398; cruelty of, to
the sailors landed (1568) 409;
opinion of, on navigation, quoted
by Sir Walter Raleigh, x. 379.

Hampton, Thomas, captain of the
Swallow (1562) X. 7.

Hampton, see Southampton.
Hance, keeper of the artillery, and

the ship-building in Fort Caroline

(1565) IX. 60.
Hance, the surgeon, death of, in

Roanoke (1590) viii. 416.
Hancock, Edward, in Sir Walter

Raleigh's expedition up the Capuri

river (1595) x. 380; at the Caroli

river (1595) 403.
Hancock, George, of the Toby,

death of (1593) vii. 129.
Hancock, Thomas, mariner on the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.

214.
Handicrafts for foreign trade, vii.

187.
Hanege or Hanega, a measure of

New Spain (1572) ix. 391.
Hang-chow, in. 252, viii. 129; in

Northern China, 263; map of

(1580) 268.
Hannam, Captain John, land-captain

in Sir Francis Drake's fleet (1585)

X. 98; death of, 134.
Hannibal, v. 119; in Carthage, vi.

38-
Han no de Sangershusen, seventh
master of the Dutch knights, 11.

5-

Hanse Towns, the, and England
(1405) II. 55-67; depredations on
the seas by the (1405) 60-71 ; mer-
chants' grievances against Eng-
land (1407) 72-79; and English
merchants (1407) 81; steeds of
English merchants in the (1404)
109; trade of, with Spain (1588)
VI. 59.

Hanta, in Guinea, William Tower-
son at (1557) VI. 218, 220, (1577)
239, 247; English trade in (1562)

259-
Hante, Thomas, cook on the Bona

Confidentia (1553) n. 214.
Haquinus, see Haco.
Harald Harfagre, King of Norway

(846) I. 25, V. 68, 169.
Harbert, see Herbert.
Harbey, John, licensed to trade in

Russia free of custom (1592) in.

440.
Harbingers (household officers) of the

Emperor of Russia, iii. 414.

'56

INDEX

Harborne, William, factor for Sir
Edward Osborne, first voyage of
(1578) V. 168; letter-bearer of
Queen Elizabeth, 184; ambassa-
dor at Constantinople (1583) 243-
258; correspondence about the
embassy (1582) v. 221-228; and
the viceroy of Majorca, 245, 247,
249 ; letter to Harvey Millers, 259 ;
to Richard Forster, 260-261 ; to
Mustafa, 265 ; his complaints of
the dishonesty of the Turks,
265, 274, 276, 282 ; to Ed-
ward Barton (1584) 274; to
John Tipton, consul for Algiers,
Tunis, and Tripolis, 276; the in-
ventory of sunk English ships by
(1584) 279-282; to Hassan Aga, in
Algiers, 282 ; letter to the King of
Tripolis about the restitution of
the Jesus (1585) 316, 318; return
from Constantinople, VI. 58; Levant
trade and (1592) vi. 73; member
of the Levant Company (1592) 75,
78.

Harbour of S. Marta, description, x.
136; of Cartagena, description,

137.
Hardie, voyage of, in the Trinity

(1536) viii. 3.
Hardine of England, his voyage to

Joppa (1102) IV. 298, 299.
Hare, Christopher, master of the

flagship of Thomas Cavendish

(1586) XI. 295.
Hare, Stephen, captain of the

Minion of London, bound for

Brazil (1580) xi. 34-39; master of

the Content (1587) xi. 327.
Hareborne, William, see Harborne.
Harecourt, Sir John, and the war

against the Saracens (1390) iv.

451-

Harecourt, William de, his voyage
to the Holy Land (12 18) iv. 349.

Hares, found in Hochelaga (1535), by
Jacques Cartier, viii. 244; in Vir-
ginia (1584) 304; in Cevola, ix.
139; in Granada, 156; in New
Spain, 385; in Florida, x. 59; in
Guiana, 426, xi. 14.

Hares, Island of, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1536) viii. 258;
latitude of, 279.

Harewich, see Harwich.

Harfleur, 11. 119; taken (1416) 143;
lost (1449) 138.

Harflew, see Harfleur.

Hariot, Thomas, of Sir Richard
Grenville's voyage to Virginia
(1585) VIII. 316, 317; opinion on
Moratoc river, 332 ; conspiracy
against, 338; report of, on Vir-
ginia, 348 ; and the narrative of
Nicholas Burgoignon, ix. 113;
Laurence Keymis's dedication to

(1595) X. 451-
Haro, soldier of Captain Ulloa, and

the attack of the Chichimecas

Indians (1539) ix. 236; courage

of, 238.
Harold, son of Godwin, i. 25 ; his

daughter marries the Duke of

Russia (1067) 42; and his brother

Sweyn (1052) iv. 283 ; and Edward

the Confessor, 286.
Harold, son of Godred Crovan, i.

26.
Harold, son of Godred Don, i. 40.
Harold, brother of Olaf, sons of, i.

30 f.
Harold, son of Olaf, King of Man

(1102) I. 30.
Harold, son of Olaf, King of Man

(1237) I. 38 f. ; knighted by the

King of England (1247) 39 ; death

of (1249) 39.
Harpaha, King, and Captain Gour-

gues (1567) IX. 102.
Harper, Captain, prisoner of the

Spanish, his knowledge of Guiana

(1595) x. 206.
Harps, captain of a pinnace (1590)

VIII. 410.
Harrie, Bennet, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 317.
Harris, called in council by Robert

Withrington (1587) xi. 211.
Harris, John, in Virginia (1585) viii.

318.
Harris, Thomas, settler in Virginia

(1587) viii. 402, 403.
Harrison, Ambrose, of the Elizabeth

Stokes (1584) V. 282.
Harrison, John, Russian licence

granted to (1569) iii. 109.
Harry of London, the, Anthony Jen-

kinson on (1566) iii. 92 ; Thomas

257

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Randolph in (1568) 102; at Rose

Island (1571) 169; in St. Nicholas

Bay (1572) 170.
Hart, Alderman, member of the

Muscovy Committee, and Captain

Carleiir(i583) viii. 147.
Hart, Sir John, of the Muscovy

Company, and Feodor Ivanowich,

Emperor of Russia, iii. 439;

licensed to trade in Russia, 440;

of the Levant Company (1592) vi.

74. 75. 78.
Hart, the, first voyage to Gumea,

John Ralph, master (1555) vi. 177;

second voyage to Guinea (1556)

212; captures a caravel, 180; fight

with the Portuguese (1557) 221.
Harte, Johannes de, master of the

S. Maria of S. Vincent, and

Charles Leigh (1597) viii. 174.
Hartlepool, ships from, in Edward

HL's fleet, i. 298.
Hartmann ab Heldringen, eighth

master of the Dutch knights (1282)

II. 5.
Hartwitch, see Harwich.
Harvest in Rhodes (1522) v. 10.
Harvey, on board the Aid (1577) vii.

285; captain of the Gabriel (1578)

322.
Harvey, born in Virginia (1587) viii.

403-
Harvey, Captain, at the taking of

Puerto Santo Island (1595) x. 214.
Harvey, Dyonis, and Margery,

settlers in Virginia (1587) viii. 402,

403-

Harvey, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Harvey, William, of the English
fleet, and the Armada (1588) iv.
217; knighted at Cadiz (1596)
260.

Harvie, see Harvey.

Harwich, Essex, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I. 299; Willough-
by's fleet at, 11. 245 ; port of call
of the Muscovy Company, 321 ;
departure of Thomas Randolph
from (1568) III. 102 ; departure of
Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman
(1580) 282 ; Sir Jerome Bowes at
(1583) 316, 464; English ships at
(1588) IV. 228; Henry Austell's de-

parture from (1585) V. 320;
William Towerson leaves (1556)
VI. 212; Captain Martin Fro-
bisher at (1576) vii. 211, 282, (1577)
212, 286; his fleet meets at (1578)
322, 325; Stephen Hare leaves
(1580) XI. 34.

Hasels, Thomas, maker of pewter
ware, 11. 380.

Haselwood, Stephen, master of the
Golden Nohle (1586) vi. 46.

Haslewood, Richard, of the Maria
Martin (1584) v. 281.

Hassald, Master, in Goto town
(1591) VI. 465.

Hassan Aga, treasurer of Hassan
Pasha, V. 282.

Hassan Pasha, Algerian viceroy

(1583) V. 267; and English ships

(1584) 280.

Hasse, John, of the Edward Bona-
venture, 11. 213; on Russia (1554)
273-278.

Haste, knight of, and Mustafa
Pasha at the siege of Famagusta
(1571) V. 145.

Hastings, i. 44 f. ; ships of, 47 f. ;
ships from, in Edward III.'s fleet,
I. 297.

Hastings, Lady Mary, and the Em-
peror of Russia (1582) III. 323.

Hatorashe, see Hattoras.

Hatton, Sir Christopher, portrait of,
XI. 136.

Hatton, Sir William, of the English
fleet, and the Armada (1588) iv
217.

Hatton 's Headland, the Anne Fran-
cis at (1578) VII. 340 ; the Busse of
Bridgwater at, 341 ; the English
fleet at, 342 ; Captain Best near,
355 ; his explorations on, 357.

Hattoras, Sir Richard Grenville at

(1585) VIII. 316; Prideox at, 338;
fish at, 338; Sir Walter Raleigh's
ship at, 347; John White at (1597)
391; flyboat at 392; English flee
tO' 395; John White at (1590)
414.

Haucoir, Hamshe, and the giant

Arneoste, iii. 25.
Haukadal fountain in Iceland, iv.

36, /3i-
Haukins, see Hawkins.

■s^

INDEX

Hauser, Christopher, distress of, at
Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Hautory, see Hawtrey.

Havana, x. 47; xi. 240; meeting
place of the Spanish fleets, vii. 54,
66, 76, 87; Spanish ships bound
for (1590) VIII. 411 ; stolen bark of
Captain Laudonniere at (1564) ix.
39 ; importance of, 367 ; Miles
Philips escapes to (1580) 441 ; Eng-
lish prisoners at (1570) 460 ; open to
Sir Francis Drake's attack, x. 94;
John de Orimo, general of the
Spanish fleet in (1590) 158; John
de Trexeda, governor of (1590)
159 ; description of the harbour of,
by Juan de Porva Canavates (1590)
163 ; Sir Amyas de Preston at
(1595) 226; Don Bernaldino Del-
gadillo at (1596) 250; Sir Anthony
Sherley deserted by his ships at
(1597) 276; Captain Parker at
(1597) 280; Ruttier from Carta-
gena to, 292 ; described in the
Ruttier, 297, 298, 303, 323; in
second Ruttier, 325, 334, 337.

Haver de pois, see Avoirdupois.

Havers. Captain, landing of, in
Arauco (1587) xi. 305; at Agua-
tulco, 320 ; sent by Thomas
Cavendish to Chaccalla Bay (1587)
XI. 322 ; death of, on the Desire
(1588) 336.

Havre, iv. 219; Spanish ships at
(1588) 230; the Jesus at (1583) v.
293 ; ship of, captured by the Eng-
lish (1589) VII. I ; Frenchmen of,
in Senegal, 91 ; Laudonniere 's de-
parture for Florida from, ix. 2.

Haward, John, see Heywood.

Hawes, captain of the Roe (1586) xi.
203.

Hawes, John, merchant, witness of
the fight between the Centurion
and the Spanish galleys (1591) vii.
38.

Hawk Islands, see Azores.

Hawkin Derlin of Danzig, the, 11.
61.

Hawkins, bark, in a storm near
Bayona Island (1585) x. loi.

Hawkins, Captain William (fl. 1595),
assistant to Edward Fenton (1582)
XI. 163, 165 ; and the succession

to Edward Fenton in case of his
death on the voyage (1582) 166;
in the galleon Leicester, lieutenant-
general (1582) 172, 175.
Hawkins, Sir John (1532-1595).. voy-
ages to Hispaniola and Mexico, i.
xxvii., xxix. ; commander of the
third squadron of the English
fleet (1588) IV. 218; of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 75, 78; his
voyage to the West Indies (1564)
263 ; general of the English fleet
(1590) VII. 75; owner of the
Dainty (1592) 112; and the Span-
iards at S. Juan d'Ulloa, viii.
315, IX. 378, 451; in the Mary
Rose at Flores (1590) viii. 421;
his ship lands at Florida (1565) ix,
77 ; kindness to Laudonniere and
his men, 78, 80, x. 53, 55; and
the Englishmen left in Mexico, ix.
350 ; and the Jesus of Lubeck
(1563) 365 ; general of an English
fleet bound for the West Indies
(^567) .398-445; portrait of,
400 ; his brother, governor of
Plymouth (1580) 433; third
voyage to the West Indies (1567)
445-46^ ; five hundred negroes
taken by (1568) 447; fight of, with
seven Portuguese carvels at Rio
Grande, 448; in the West Indies,
448 ; and Augustine de Villanueva,
451; and the agreement with the
viceroy of West Indies, 451; first
voyage of, to the West Indies, (1562)
X. 7 ; second voyage of, to New
Spain (1564) 9-63 ; third voyage of,
to Guinea and the West Indies
(1567-8) 64-74; last voyage of, to
the West Indies (1595) 226-245;
signals for his fleet, prearranged
by, 10; negroes of Sambula
Island taken by, 20 ; negroes sold
at Burburata by, 31 f. ; and the
treasurer of Riohacha (1565) 38;
and the fight at Riohacha, 39;
misled in the West Indies by the
Spanish merchant, 43 ; description
of Florida by, 56 ff. ; returns to
England, 63 ; and the town cap-
tured for the King of the Negroes

(1567) 65; Riohacha taken by

(1568) 66; and the Spanish

259

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

fleet in S. Juan d'Ulloa
(1568) 68; lands half his crew
in Mexico Bay (1568) 73; Ad-
miral Pedro Melendez and, in
Mexico Bay, 131; illness of, at
Las Virgines (1595) 229; death
of, off Porto Rico, 230; at S.
Juan d'Ulloa, and the report
about Agiri, 363 ; son of William
Hawkins of Plymouth, xi. 23 ;
Miles Philips left in the West In-
dies by (1587) 210; in the Spanish
Indies, xii. 23 ; on the coast of
Guinea, 25 ; head of English Navy
(1580) 45; voyages by, and his
ancestors, 47; at San Juan
d'Ulloa (1567) 50; last voyage of
Drake and (1595) 64; death of,
at Puerto Rico, 66 ; and Hakluyt,
75; Warner on, 97; and the
Spanish Squadron (1567) 104.

Hawkins, Sir Richard (1562-1622),
captain of the galiot the Duck
(15S5) X. 99.

Hawkins, William (d. 1554?), of
Plymouth, father of Sir John, xii.
47 ; and the treason of the Portu-
guese of S. lago, x. 109 ; voyages
0^(1530-1532) XI. 23-25.

Hawks, Henry, his account of New
Spain requested by Richard Hak-
luyt (1572) IX. 378-397-

Hawks, used for hunting wild horses,
II. 464 ; variety of, in Russia, iii.
369; black, in St. John Island,

VII. 146; in Florida, x. 59.
Hawkwood, Sir John, victories of,

in Italy (1390) iv. 452,

Hawlse, Matthew, captain of the
Delight (1589) XI. 385-389-

Hawtrey, see Hawtry.

Hawtry, Thomas, merchant in
Russia (1555) II. 291 ; in Vologda,
392-394, 395, 409; joint witness of
the Russian privileges, iii. 97.

Hay, or Ai, city burnt by Joshua,

VIII. 102.

Hay, Edward, account of Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's voyage by, viii.

34-
Haye, John, quartermaster of the

Bona Con-fid entia (1553) 11. 214.
Hayes, Edward, captain and owner

of the Golden Hind (1583) viii.

47, 92 ; and Sir John Gilbert, 75 ;

and Sir John Peckham, 89; his

return home, 92, xii. 38.
Hayman, William, distress of, at

Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.
Hayn, Henry Austell in (1585) v.

326, 327.
Haython on the spelling of Cathay,

I. 144.
Hayti, see Hispaniola.
Hayward, Heyward, Haiward, Sir

Rowland, of the Muscovy Com-
pany, II. 307 ; granted Russian

license (1569) iii. 93, 109, (1586)

348; license to build houses in

Russia, 113; and Persian trade,

212; and the discovery of Cathay

(1580) 251-258.
Hazchora, kingdom of, in Africa,

VI. 144.
Hea, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.

144.
Headly, Edward, death of, in the

wreck of the Delight (1583) viii.

68, 87 ; his proposition to Richard

Clarke, 86.
Health, gate of, in Mecca, v. 354.
Health, port of. Sir Francis Drake's

crew at (1578) xi. 160.
Heat, bay of, discovered by Jacques

Cartier (1534) viii. 200; Jacques

Cartier at, 259; latitude of, 277.
Hebrides, the, subdued by England,

fertility of, i. 9.
Hecht, Arnold, of Danzig, Prussian

procurator, ii. 87, 91.
Heckelfell, promontory in Iceland,

IV. II, 99.
Hecla, Mount, iv. 16, 19, 105, 109;

fire of, 21, 26, 112, 118; Cardan

on, 28, 120; fountains of, 34,

128.
Hector of Brescia, Captain, and

Mustafa Pasha, v. 145; slain at

Famagusta, 151.
Heilick Islands, Anthony Jenkin-

son's fleet at, 11, 415.
Heirin, city in Persia, iii. 35.
Heit, city of, near the Euphrates,

spring of pitch, v. 370, 467 ;

springs of tar at, vi. 8.
Heith, William, factor of John Gres-

ham (1531) V. 66.
Heiwood, see Heywood.

[60

INDEX

Heket, see Hecht.

Helcliffe, death of Captain Lister

at (1589) VII. 30.
Heldringen, Hartmann ab, eighth

master of the Dutch knights (1282)

II. 5.

Helena, wife of Alexander the Great,

King of Poland, 11. 188 f.
Helena, second wife of Basil, 11.

190.
Helena, Flavia Augusta, mother of

Emperor Constantine, iv. 271.
Helena Palaeologus, wife of John,

King of Cyprus (1571) v. 125.
Helena, the, from Cley, 11. 65.
Helene of London, the, in John

Davys 's third voyage to the north-
west (1587) VII. 414.
Helford, French ship at, from the

Amazon river, x. 366.
Helga, or Helgafel, Mount, iv. 16,

18, 105, 108.
Helgoland, description of, i. 11;

Willoughby's discovery of, 11,

219.
Helicon, island of the banks of,

Laurence Aldersey near (1586) vi.

41.
Helicopil^, King, and Captain Gour-

gues (1567) IX. 102; in the attack

of the Spaniards, 104.
Helike Kirke, a church off Foulness,

III. 300.

Hellespont, Richard Wrag in the
(^593) VI. 95, (1594) 107.

Hellier, Aches, master of the Jesus
(1583) V. 292.

Helmacap^, King, and Captain
Gourgues (1567) ix. 102.

Helman, Edward, of the Sunshine of
London (1585) vii. 382.

Help, the, of Sir Francis Drake's
fleet, loss of (1596) x. 242.

Hely, John, master of the Mary
Grace (c. 15 11) v. 62.

Hemmington, John, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 402.

Hemp, II. 395, 403 ; in Russia, iii.
71; trade, 367; found in the
Western Planting (1583) viii. 116,
118; in Eastern America, 139;
natives' nets made of, 202 ; growth
of, in Canada, 268 ; found in Vir-
ginia (1586) 354; wild, used in

Florida (1524) 429; found in
Guiana, xi. 14.
Hempson, Hugh, of the Sunshine
(1586) VII. 408.

Hempsteed, see Hemsted.

Hemsted, Thomas, death of, at
Benin (1589) vi. 455, 460.

Hen, Richard, captain of the Adven-
turer (1596) X. 277; taken prisoner
by the Spanish, 280.

Henao, Alonso Sapata de, in Cas-
tile, letter to, from John de
Labera of S. F6 de Bogota (1590)

X. 174.

Henault, see Hainaut.

Hendie, Nicholas, killed by Indians

on Puna Island (1587) xi. 318.
Henmer, Thomas, a survivor of the

crew of the Tohy (1593) vii. 126,

129.
Henmore, see Henmer.
Henricus, see Henry.
Henriques, Lewis, Portuguese,

dwelling at Sierra Leone (1582)

XI. 177, 178.

Henriquez, Diego, King of Portu-
gal's secretary (1551) vi. 153.

Henriquez, Don Martin de, new
viceroy of Mexico (1568) ix. 403;
treachery of, 405 ; his agreement
with Sir John Hawkins in S. Juan
d'Ulloa (.1568) 451.

Henry I. of England and the charter,
I. 294.

Henry II. of England and Frederick
Barbarossa, i. xlviii. ; league be-
tween, 316-318; and the Cinque
Ports' privileges, 50; and the help
to the Christian soldiers in Holy
Land (1177) iv. 311 ; Manuel Com-
nenus's letter to (1177) 312-319.

Henry III. of England and Haco,
King of Norway, i. xlviii. ; and
the Cinque Ports, 49 ; the Cinque
Ports' privileges, 50; his charter,
294; his treaty with Haco, King
of Norway, 321; the charter of
Liibeck, 325.

Henry IV. of England in Prussia, i.
xlix., liv. ; and the navy of the
Cinque Ports, 59; in France (1359)
301 ; and Prussia (1404) 11. 37, 41,
(1405) 55-67,(1407)83-85, (1408)87
95, (1409) 98; grants charter to

261

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

English merchants abroad (1404)
108 f. ; voyage to Tunis (1390) iv.
450; and the Duke of Norfolk
(1398) IV. 453; intended voyage
to the Holy Land (1413) 455.

Henry V. of England, 11. 114; fleet
of, I. Ivii., II. Ill; praise of,
143 f-

Henry VI. of England, foreign trade
in his time, i. xlix. ; statutes of,
II. Ill, 113; remonstrance to the
King of Denmark, 113 f.

Henry VH. of England and Chris-
topher Columbus (1488) VII. 135,
138; letters patent to John Cabot
and his sons (1495) vii. 141, 145;
discoveries made under, viii. 37;
letters patent granted to John and
Sebastian Cabot, 37; and Chris-
topher Columbus, 94.

Henry VHI.of England, i. xxi. ; his
interest in naval matters, i. xxxvi.,
XII. 46; Robert Thome's advice to
(1527) II. 159-163; and the French
King, 160; embassy from Don
Ferdinand to (1527) v. 61; letter
to John HI. King of Portugal, 63 ;
and Robert Thorne, viii. i, x. 3;
and the King of Brazil (1530-32)
XI. 24.

Henry H. Emperor of Germany
(972-1024) I. 25.

Henry VI., Emperor of the Romans
(1193), letter of, to Philip, King of
France, iv. 336.

Henry III., king of Castile (1395)
VI. 120.

Henry IV., king of Navarre (1590)
IV. 83, 187.

Henry, Duke, son of Lady Hedvig,
II. "186.

Henry, earl of Plaen, twenty-fourth
master of the Dutch knights (1410)
II. 8.

Henry, Indian interpreter of Sir
Walter Raleigh (1597) xi. 7, 8.

Henry, Prince, son of the King of
Germany, at Tunis (1270) iv.
35Q-

Henry, seventh bishop of Holen, in
Iceland (1247) iv. 55, 153.

Henry a Richtenberg, thirtieth
master of the Dutch knights, 11.
10.

Henry a Tusimer, eighteenth master
of the Dutch knights, 11. 6.

Henry of Walpot, first master of the
Hospitallers of Jerusalem (1200)

II. I.

Henry Reuss, twenty-ninth master
of the Dutch knights, 11. 10.

Henry the Navigator, son of John
I., King of Portugal, discoveries

of (14I0) XII. 3.

Heore, William, on the Content
(1591) x. 183.

Heracleia, Godfrey of Bouillon's
army at (1097) iv. 293; William
Harborne at (1583) v. 251 ; Richard
Wrag at (1594) vi. 107.

' Herbal,' natural history book, iii.
272.

Herberstein, Sigismund ab, descrip-
tion of eastern countries by (1588)

III. 405.

Herbert, Henry II. 's envoy, i. 318.

Herbert, Lord and the Cadiz expedi-
tion (1596) IV. 236, 250; knighted
at Cadiz, 259.

Herbert, William, Earl of Pembroke
(i50T?-i57o) II. 304.

Herbortius Fulstinius, ' History of
Poland ' by, 11. 186.

Hercules, the, of London, John
Eldred in (1588) vi. 9; Laurence
Aldersey's voyage in (1586) 39.

Hercules, Pillars of, vi. 144.

Herdson, Henry, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

Hereford, duke of, see Henry IV.
of England.

Hereford, Henry de Bohun, Earl of,
his voyage to the Holy Land (1222)

IV. 349-

Hereford, Lefardus de, Prussian am-
bassador, II. 106.

Herehaught, dignity of second
estate in Japan, vi. 329.

Herera, or Herrera, Alonzo de, his
attempts to discover Guiana, x.

497.
Herera, Don Antonio de, return from

England (1589) vi. 485.
Herera, Don Augustine de, and

Lanzarota Island, vi. 133 ; and

Fuerte Ventura Island, 134.
Herergaidel, see Argyll.
Heresy of Pelagius, iv. 277.

262

INDEX

Heriot, see Hariot.
Herman, John, English rebel, Em-
peror of Morocco and (1587) vi.

430-433- . ^ „ ^

Hermannus, companion of Robert

de Ketene (1147) iv. 309.
Hermannus Bart, third master of

the Hospitallers of Jerusalem

(1206) II. I.
Hermannus de Saltza, fourth master

of the Hospitallers of Jerusalem

(1210) II. I.
Hermerillon, the, one of Jacques

Cartier's ships (1535) viii. 211.
Hermia, ecclesiastical writer, viii.

107.
Hermina, the Great, Jacques Car-
tier's ship (1535) VIII. 210; at the

Island of Birds, 211.
Hermina, the Little, one of Jacques

Cartier's ships (1535) viii. 210.
Hermoso, Morro, or Fair Moun-
tain near Rio Grande, x. 288;

marks of, described in the Ruttier,

289.
Hermoso, Puerto, course from, to

New Spain, mentioned in the

second Ruttier, x. 312,
Hermoso, Rio, marks of, in second

Ruttier, x. 318.
Hernandez, Francis, Bartholomew

Cano's letter to (1590) ix. 204-206.
Hernandez, Gregorio, standard-
bearer in Friar Augustine Ruyz's

expedition (1581) ix. 202.
Hernando, Spaniard, taken by

Thomas Cavendish in Magellan

Straits (1587) xi. 298.
Heme, Griffith, shipmaster with Sir

Francis Drake, left with Ralph

Lane in Virginia (1586) viii. 344.
Herodotus on Africa, i. xli.
Herons, found in Virginia (1586) viii.

369; in Florida, 451.
Herreria, the, bay mentioned in the

Ruttier, x. 295.
Hersee, in Iceland, latitude and

longitude of, iv. 10, 99.
Hertford and Essex, Gilbert de

Clare, Earl of, witness of Edward

I.'s great charter, i. 338.
Hertford and Essex, Sheriff of.

King John and, i. 320.
Hertipoole, see Hartlepool.

163

Hertson, Peter, and the English cus-
toms, II. 76.

Herwich, see Harwich.

Herwick, Abraham van, London
merchant and the voyage to
Canada (1597) viii. 166.

Herwick, Stephen van, of the voyage
to Canada (1597) viii. 166; de-
tained by Johan de Harte, 175 ;
prisoner of Captain Laurence

(1597) 177-
Hesket, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.
Heth, see Hythe.
Hetha, Octher's voyage to, i. 14;

Wolstan's voyage from, 15.
Hevites, see Hivites.
Hewes, John, of Captain Amadas's

Company (1584) viii. 310.
Hewes, Lieutenant, of Sir Walter

Raleigh's expedition up the

Capuri river (1595) x. 380.
Hewet, Henry, Levant trader, non-
member of the Levant Company

(1592) VI. 87.
Hewet, Thomas, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.
Hewish, Rowland, Richard Wrag's

dedication to (1597) vi. 93.
Hexasi, see Anchiassini.
Heydon, Sir Christopher, knighted

at Cadiz (1596) iv. 260.
Heyreth, Willoughby's fleet at, 11.

217.
Heyward, see Hayward.
Heywood, John, captain of the

George (1567) vi. 270-271, 272.
Hialterus, Olaus, twenty-first bishop

of Holen, in Iceland (1553) iv. 59,

157-

Hiansanhien, see Ansam,

Hiatiqui, interpreter of Queen Nia
Cubacani (1565) ix. 54

Hiberi and Tartar sovereignty, i.
231.

Hiberia, a province of Georgia, i.
230.

Hickman. Anthony, owner of the
Primrose, 11. 378.

Hickman, Anthony, trader in the
Canaries, vi. 134; and the voy-
age to Guinea (1554) 154, 253.
258, 262 ; English merchant at
Grand Canary (1555) ix. 341.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Hickocke, Thomas, Caesar Fred-
erick's voyage translated by (1563)

V. 365-449-

Hidalcan, see Dialcan.

Hide tanning by the Tartars, i. 246.

Hides, customs on, in Edward I.'s
charter, i. 337 ; Russian, in Eng-
lish markets, 11. 403 ; trade in, in
Cape Verde Island (1577) vi. 237;
in S. Cruz, Cuba (1565) x. 45;
in Hispaniola, 115; found in S.
lago de Leon, 223.

Hien, name of common cities in
China, vi. 351.

Hiera, Isle of, iv. 26, 118.

* Hierarchy, the Heavenly,' by
Dionysius Areopagita, iv. 281.

Hierro Island or Yron, one of the
Canaries, subject to Gomera
Island, description of, vi. 133; Sir
Francis Drake at (1585) x. 103.

Hilg, of Hull, damages paid by, n.
103.

Hill, of Redriff, and the Marigold
(1593) vni. 157.

Hill, John, of Taunton, and the
Hierro vineyard, vi. 133.

Hill, Ralph, and the boatswain's
mate, prisoners of the French
(1597) vni. 169.

Hill, Thomas, of the Sunshine of
London (1585) vn. 382.

Hilliard, Henry, of the Hugh Gal-
lant, landing of (1587) xi. 311.

Hills, William, of the Desire, killed
by Indians (1587) xi. 306.

Hind, the, cruise of, to Guinea,
William Cartier, master (1555) vi.
177.

Hinder, Captain, in Spain (1589) vi.
484; and food for English soldiers,
489; at the taking of Puente de
Burgos, 492.

Hinge, King of Norway, i. 30.

Hinkensman, shipmaster, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 62.

Hiocaia, Nia Cubacani, widow of
King, and Captain Laudonniere
(1565) IX. 53.

Hippocrates, born in Lango, vi. 107.

Hirado, Aloisius Froes at (1565) vi.
332 ; one of the Japan Islands, ix.
334 ; governor of, and his soldiers,
XI. 425.

Hircan, see Shirvan.

Hircania, see Shirvan.

Hircan Sea, see Caspian.

Hispania Nova, see New Spain.

Hispaniola Island, vi. 404; James
Lancaster at (1594) 407; Drake
lands at (1589) 502; Drake's voy-
age to, vii. I ; Spanish cruelties
in, 52; fleet of, 54; Sp.anish fleet
from (1589) 71, (1591) 87; negro
trade in (1591) 98; Christopher and
Bartholomew Columbus at (1494)
139 ; Ferdinand Oviedo on the pas-
ture of, 267; conquered by Spain,
viii. 124; Sir Richard Grenville at
US^S) 313; John W^hite at, 389;
cattle imported into, 441 ; one of
the Antilles, 450; otherwise called
S. Domingo, ix. 341, x. 37;
Robert Tomson at (1555) ix. 341;
products of, 342 ; John Chilton at
(1568) 361; hides in, 389; caravel
from, to Riohacha (1568) 449 ; voy-
age of Sir Thomas Pert and Sebas-
tian Cabot to (1516) X. 2-6;
negroes of Guinea sold in, by Sir
John Hawkins (1562) 7, 8; muti-
nous soldiers of Captain Laudon-
niere at (1565) 54; cattle abundant
in, 56; Sir Francis Drake at, iio-
116; products of, 115; hurricanes
on the coast of, 136 ; Sir Amyas de
Preston at (1595) 225; Sierras de
Yguey in, 283; Reynoso's burial
place in, 498; inhabited by Indians,
XI. 238; Mount Sopora in, xii.
15 ; successive names of, 17 ; Sir
John Hawkins and the negro trade
"in (1562) 47.

' Historia belli sacri,' by Wil-
liam, archbishop of Tyre, iv.
294.

* Historia de caede Sebastiani regis
Lusitanise,' by Joannes Thomas
Freigius, vi. 293.

' History, Danish,' by Saxo Gram-
maticus (1067) i. 42.

' History, English,' by Polydore, v.
125.

' History, Natural, 'by Pliny, descrip-
tion of a tree bearing oysters, x.

350-
' History of Norway,' by Albertus
Krantzius, 11. 68.

164

INDEX

* History of Poland,' by Herbortus
Fulstinius, ii. i86.

' History of Portugal,' by Anthony
Galvano, iv. 368, vi. 119.

Histria, Duke of, see Austria.

Hitchcocke, Thomas, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Hithe, see Hythe.

Hittites, Joshua and the, viii. 103.

Hiu, isle of, Aloisius Froes at (1565)
VI. 344.

Hivites, Joshua and the, viii. 103.

Ho, see Plymouth Hoe.

Hobbeigh Mount, x. 458.

Hobby, Sir Edward, at the taking
of Cadiz (1596) IV. 252.

Hochelaga, in Ortelius's map, vii.
163 ; in New France, 171 ; Jacques
Cartier at (1535) viii. 144, 230;
island and river in Canada,
Jacques Cartier and (1535) 183,
184, 210, 214; Jacques Cartier 's
projected voyage to (1535) 222;
voyage to hindered by Donnacona,
225 ; city (or Montreal) description
by Jacques Cartier (1535) 232-237,
243 ; sick of, brought to Jacques
Cartier, 235 ; vocabulary of, 260 ;
map of (1587) 272; distance from
France-Roy fort to, 281 ; Rober-
val's voyage to (1542) 283-287;
lord of, and Jacques Cartier (1540)
viii. 269 ; Jacques Cartier's pre-
sents to, 270; deceitfulness of
Agonna and the lord of, towards
Jacques Cartier, 271.

Hochelaga, river, see S. Lawrence.

Hocoa in S. Domingo, x. 284.

Hoddesdon, Sir Christopher (1534-
1611) his voyage to Narva, i. xliv. ;
merchant in Russia (1555) n. 291,
297; Muscovy Company's letter to
(1560) 401 ; his return to England,
406; his letter to the Muscovy
Company, 408; his letter to the
Emperor of Russia (1570) iii. 167;
member of the Muscovy Committee
and Captain Carleill (1583) viii.
147.
Hodeney, i. 48.

Hodgkins, Richard, of John Chid-
ley's voyages, return of (1590) xi.
384.

XII 2

Hodsdon, see Hoddesdon.

Hodsdon, Christopher, adventurer
for Brazil (1580) xi. 33.

Hodson, see Hudson.

Hodson, Christopher, see Hoddes-
don.

Hogan, Edmund, English ambassa-
dor to Morocco (1577) VI. 285-293.

Hognedo, Toudamani in (1533) vili.

239-

Hogs in Bermuda, x. 202.

Hohenlohe, Count, General Norris
and (1589) VI. 476.

Hohenlohe, Godfrey, Farl of,
eleventh master of the Dutch
knights, II. 6.

Hoke, ships from, in Edward HI.'s
fleet, I. 298.

Hola, see Holen.

Holder of Lisbon and John Whithall
(1578) XI. 30.

Holecroft, Robert, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Holen, in Iceland, bishopric of, iv.
II, 12, 99, loi ; bishops of, 54-60,
152-159; cathedral of, 62, 161.

Holenshed, see Holinshed.

Holinshed, voyage of William Man-
deville to Jerusalem, by (1177) iv.
310; Henry H. and the Christian
soldiers in the Holy Land, by
(1177) 311; contribution to the suc-
cour of the Holy Land made by
King John, by (1201) 345; Earl
of Chester's voyage to the Holy
Land, by (12 18) 349; Earl of
Cornwall's voyage to Syria, by
(1240) 352; Emperor Baldwin's
visit to England, by (1247) 353;
and his account of Richard H. and
the Genoese (1390) 451; Duke of
Norfolk's voyage, by (1399) 453;
intended voyage of Henry IV. to

- the Holy Land, by (1413) 455; on
Don Ferdinando's embassy (1527)
v. 61.

Holland, English merchants in
(1462) II. 148 f. ; preparations in,
for the Armada (1588) iv. 208;
ships of, at Dunkirk, 220, 221;
and the King of Spain's commis-
sion, VI. 417; coins commemora-
tive of the Spanish fleet" (1588) iv.
232 ; merchants, rivals of English

565 s

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

merchants at Kola, iii. 209; trade
of, in north-east parts (c. 1574) ni.
462 ; ships of, at Pernambuco
(1595) XI. 48.
Holland, Lord John of, Earl of
Huntington, voyage of (1399) iv.

453-

Hollands, our Lady of, the Search-
thrift at, II. 323.

Hollibut, see Halibut.

Hollie haven, Willoughby's fleet at,
II, 217.

Hollocke, the butt of, 11. 297.

Hollyfoot, Arthur Pet at (1580) iii.
302.

Holmden, Edward, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Holmeden, Edward, member of the
Levant Company (1592) vi. 74, 75,
78.

Holmehead, Willoughby's fleet at,
II. 217.

Holmes, Christopher, and William
Turnbull's inheritance iii. 433;
licensed to trade in Russia free
from customs, 440.

Holmes, Giles, on the way to
Cathay, 11. 482-483.

Holstocke, William, Richard Gon-
son's page, in the Matthew Gon-
son (1534) V. 67; purser (1535)
68.

Holy, see Burgoignon, Nicholas.

Holy Cross discovered and named by
Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 144,
220, 238, 244 ; illness of the crew
of Jacques Cartier in, 246 ; Jacques
Cartier at, 258, (1540) 265.

Holy Cross, the, voyage of (1534) v.
67.

Holy Ghost, the, 11. 143.

Holy House, Spanish place of tor-
ture, VI. 418; of the Inquisition of
Mexico (1557) IX. 347.

Holy man's faithfulness to Anthony
Jenkinson, 11. 468.

Homer, prophet of the Turks, iii.

159.
Homer's opinion on the Ocean Sea,

VII. 198.
Homi, university town in Japan, vi.

331.
Homoloa King, visits Captain

Ribault at Fort Caroline (1565) ix.
88.

Honan, province of China, vi. 350.

Honda Baya, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, X. 287 ; in second Ruttier,
323 ; latitude of, 335.

Hondius. Judocus, portrait of, iii.
288; chart of the world by, en-
graving of, XI. 336.

Honduras, kingdom of, fleet of

(1591) VII. 54; papal bulls for

(1592) 105; Spanish traffic from
Mexico to (1570) IX. 365.

Honduras, Bay of, voyage of
Andrew Barker to (1576) x. 82-88;
Christopher Newport in (1591)
187 ; voyage of Sir Anthony Sher-
ley to (1596) 266-276; Captain
Parker and Sir Anthony Sherley

at (1597) 274-

Honestones, market of, in Kazan
(1570) m. 154.

Honfleur, ship from, John de Or-
leans, master of the (1557) vi.
218; ship from, and the English
pinnace (1590) 463 ; ships prepared
at, for the third voyage of Jacques
Cartier (1540) viii. 264.

Honguedo, Jacques Cartier at (1535)
VIII. 214, 259.

Honor de la tner, the. Lord William
Howard aboard of (1596) iv. 248.

Honoratus, Friar, companion of
Marco de Niga, ix. 125 ; illness of,
at Petatlan, 126.

Honorius, on the heresy of Pelagius
(390) IV. 277.

Honorius, son of Theodosius, Em-
peror of the West, viii. 106.

Honorius nL,Pope, Robert Curson,
legate of, in England, iv. 348 ; and
the siege of Damietta (12 18) 350.

Honterus, quotation from, vii.
265.

Hoo, ships from, in Edward HL's
fleet, I. 297,

Hood, in Edward Fenton's voyage
(1582) XI. 175.

Hood, Roger, and Prussian pirates,
II. 70.

Hood, Thomas, in Sir Francis
Drake's company (1578) xi. 109.

Hood, Thomas, pilot for the Straits
of Magellan, in council (1584) xi.

266

INDEX

2ii; and Christopher Lister's

plan (1587) 224.
Hooper, John, captain of the sailors

of Sir John Hawkins landed near

Panuco river (1568) ix. 412.
Hooper. John, lieutenant of the Ed-
ward Cotton (1583) VI. 408, 410.
Hoops, market of, in Crete (1569)

V. 117.
Hoords, see Hordes.
Hope, ships from, in Edward HI.'s

fleet, I. 297.
Hope, Cape of, discovered by

Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 197.
Hope, Cape, named by Sir Francis

Drake (1578) xi. 154; Sir Francis

Drake at, 156.
Hope, the, at Flores (1590) viii.

421.
Hope, the. Sir Francis Drake's ship

(1589) VII. I ; Edward Careless,
captain of (1585) x. 98; ship of
Sir Francis Drake's fleet (1595)
226; death of Captain Yorke of,
succeeded by Thomas Drake (1595)
234; at the fight of Pinos (1596)
262.

Hope Sanderson, coast discovered
by John Davys (1587) vii. 418.

Hopewell, the, escort to Henry
Roberts (1585) vi. 426.

Hopewell, the, rear-admiral of the
third voyage of Captain Frobisher
to Meta Incognita (1578) vii. 231;
in Countess of Warwick's Sound,
239 ; Henry Carew, captain of
(1578) 322; attendant on the
Judith, 324; dangers of, 364.

Hopewell, of London, the, voyage
of, to Canada (1597) viii. 166;
loses the Chancewell, 166 ; and
the ship of Sibiburo (1597) 173;
leaves Newfoundland, 180; of
John White's voyage to Virginia

(1590) 406.

Hopewell, the. Sir George Carey's

ship, near Cuba (1591) x. 179.
Hopkins of Bristol, bark of, in Sir

John Burrough's fleet (1592) vii.

no,
Hopkins, John, assistant to the

Muscovy Company, 11. 307.
Hopkins, Master, chaplain of the

Earl of Essex (1596) iv. 259,

Hoptan, Walter of, witness of Ed-
ward L's great charter, i. 296.

Horatio, Captain of Veletri, at the
defence of Famagusta (1571) v.
133; enslaved, 151.

Horda, meaning of, i. 271.

Hordes, of Nagayans, 11. 452 ; Tar-
tar military divisions, iii. 395.

Hore, Master, voyage of, to New-
foundland and Cape Breton (1536)
VIII. 3, XII. 20.

Hormigas, las, rocks near S. Mary
and Fayal Islands, x. 300.

Horneby, William, sea-captain, and
Edgar Scoff, 11. 104.

Horotomaka Islands, in the tribu-
taries of the Orinoco river, x.
382.

Horse, master of, in Turkey, pay of,
VI. 62, 65.

Horses, dearth of, in the Islands, i.
4; Tartar, 53, 81, 139 f. ; in Tar-
tar funerals, 63 ; Tartar war, 155,
156, 158, 160; customs on, in Ed-
ward L's great charter, 337;
Russian, 11. 230, 259; toll, in
Russia, 276; post, in Russia, 291;
Tartar, in Russia, 430 ; blessing
of, 433 ; wild, hunted with hawks
by Tartars, 464 ; in Iceland,
swiftness of, iv. 40, 136; cus-
toms on, in Ormuz, vi. 15 ; cus-
toms on, in Goa, 20; post, in
China, 297, 367 ; unmanned, of
the Amapagotas, x. 465 ; increase
of the, left at Buenos Aires, xi.

253-

Horsewell, Paul, condemned by In-
quisition in Mexico to serve in a
monastery (1575) ix. 428; servant
to Pedro de los Rios, 430; mar-
riage of, 431; questioned by vice-
roy of Mexico about Sir Francis
Drake, 433.

Horsey, Sir Jerome (1573-1627) voy-
age in Russia, i. xlv. ; account of
coronation of the Emperor of
Russia (1584) III, 336-342; recep-
tion by the Emperor, in. 342 ;
carried his letters to Queen Eliza-
beth (1584) 345; Russian privi-
leges for Muscovy Company
obtained (1586) 346, 347; and Rus-
sian license, 348 ; Queen Eliza-

267

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

beth's ambassador to Russia, 422;
disgrace of, in Russia, 428, 430,

432. 437.
Hortop, Job, adventures of, in New
Spain (1568) IX. 445; powder
maker, then gunner in the Jesus
of Lubeck, 445 ; description of the
voyage of (1568) 446 f. ; prisoner
of the Spanish, made gunner, 460 ;
saves the fleet, 460; escape from
the Contractation House and re-
capture, his condemnation to the
galleys (1570) 463; brought to
Portsmouth by the galleon Dudley
(1570) 464; return to Redriffe, and
computation of his imprisonment,

465.

Horuse, Richard, of Hull, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 61.

Hospital, in Cairo, v. 334; in
Medina, 363 ; for dogs and cats in
Cambay (1583) 471; for animals
in Couche, 482 ; in Manila Island
(1588) XI. 335.

Hospitallers of Jerusalem, Knights,
II. I ; Messina placed in their
charge (1190) iv. 324.

Hospitals or Inns in Cathay for
travellers, iv. 433 ; in China, vi.
316.

Hostages, English and Spanish ex-
changed by the viceroy of Mexico
and Sir John Hawkins (1568) x.
70 ; advice as to the exchange of,
given to Edward Fenton (1582) xi.
168.

Hostaqua, King of, his presents to
Captain Laudonniere (1564) ix.
37; Groutald's account (1565) 55;
vassal of King Satourioua (1504) 2 1 .

Houldships, Thomas, boatswain of
the Content (1591) x. 183.

Houndflew, 11. 119.

Houses, movable, of felt, in Tartary,
I. 234-237; in Russia, 11. 226, 255,
269 f. ; in Iceland, description of,
IV. 61, 63, 160, 163; interior
of, in Florida, description by
Sir John Hawkins (1565) x.
51; of Tivitivas, description by
Sir Walter Raleigh, 383; of
Macureguarai, 401 ; of Amazon
Indians, xi. 21; of Nova Albion,
119.

Houstaqua, see Hostaqua.

Hoveden, or Howden, Roger of (d.
1201), historian, i. 16; ' Annalium
pars prior, ' by, iv. 287 ; * Annalium
pars posterior,' by, 312-319; ' His-
tory of King Richard I.'s voyage
to Jerusalem,' by, 338.

How, George, child settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) vm. 403.

How, M., shipowner, voyage of, to
Mexico Bay (1592) x. 190.

How, Robert, member of the Bar-
bary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Howard, Lord Charles, of Effing-
ham, Earl of Nottingham (1536-
1624) I. xxiv., Iviii., xii. 67; dedi-
cation to, I, xxxi. ; high admiral
of England (1588) iv. 197, 208,
VII. 39; portrait of, iv. 200; and
the Armada off Plymouth, iv.
210; first engagement with the
Armada, 213; sends fire ships
against the Armada, 222 ; and the
Cadiz expedition (1596) 236; secret
council called by, 240 ; at the taking
of Cadiz, 252 ; his letters to the
Duke of Medina-Sidonia (1596)
263-265; Sir Walter Raleigh's
letter to (1595) x. 338-343; and
Hakluyt, xii. 75 ; and the Spanish
ships, 104.

Howard, Lord Thomas, Earl of Suf-
folk (1561-1626), captain of the
Lion (1588) IV. 218; and the
Cadiz expedition (1596) 236, 241,
252 ; and the Richard of Arundel
(1591) VI. 466; at Flores Island
(1591) VII. 41; and the last fight
of the Revenge, 48-80; London
supplies (1591) 65; fleet sent to
look for, VIII. 57 ; and the Pleasure
(1591) VIII. 155; and the four
ships under Captain Benjamin
Wood (1592) X. 193.

Howard, Lord William, of Effing-
ham, admiral in Queen Mary's
time, II. 304-356.

Howard, Lord William, son of Lord
Charles, of the Cadiz expedition
(1596) IV. 248; at the taking of
Cadiz, 252 ; knighted at Cadiz
(1596) 259.

Howard, Port, see Gowateri Island.

!68

INDEX

Howe, George, slain in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 392; settler, 402.
Howel, Henry, of the Maria Martin

(1584) V. 281.
Howell, son of Owen Gwynedd (c.

1170) VII. 133.
Howfoote, Hans and Peter, and the

English ship, 11. 60.
Howlet, John, master of the Philip

and Mary, agent for the Muscovy

Company, 11. 286.
Hoya, King in Florida (1562) viii.

474-

Hoyes or Hoys, Dutch ships at Ant-
werp and the Armada (1588) iv.
204.

Huascar, and the Orejones of Cuzco,
X. 340; son of the Emperor of
Peru, X. 355 ; King of Peru, xi.
282 ; killed during Atabalipa's im-
prisonment, x. 283.

Hubates Indians, Antonio de Espejo
and the (1583) ix. 203.

Hubbed, near Barbary, dyers in, v.
240,

Hubblethorne, Morgan, dyer, iii.
245 ; Richard Hakluyt to, 249.

Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury,
dedication to, by William the Pil-
grim (1200) IV. 345.

Hubilai, see Hybilay.

Huddie, William, captain of the
Edward Cotton (1583) vi. 408,
410.

Hudirat, Jenghiz Khan conquers, i.
144.

Hudson, Christopher, see Hoddes-
don.

Hudson, Thomas, of Limehouse, iii.
225; at Baku, 227; brings his
ship to Derbent, 229 ; at Chetera
Bougori, 241 ; leaves Astrakhan,
245 ; returns to England, 246.

Hudson's Straits, discovered by Cap-
tain Frobisher, xii. 28.

Huehuatlan town in charge of
Graviel de Chiavez, ix. 469.

Hugeli, see Hugli.

Hugh Gallant, the, Thomas Caven-
dish's ship (1586) XI. 290; death
of Grey, carpenter in (1587) 300;
dangers of, 301 ; food found by,
310; the Lewis captured by (1586)
311; sunk at Rio Dolce, 319.

Hughson, John, of Yarmouth, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 63.

Hugli, Ralph Fitch in (c. 1583) v.
482.

Hugo, two earls in Anglesey called,
and Magnus, King of Norway, i.
29.

Hugorie, see Ugoria.

Hugri, Hugry, see Ugoria.

Huighen van Linschoten, John, on
the people of Malabar, v. 502 ; on
the voyage of John Eldred and
Ralph Fitch, 505 ; his testimony
to the Earl of Cumberland's ex-
ploits (1589-91) VII. 62-87; and Sir
R. Grenville's last fight, 80 ; ' His-
tory,' 122; translation of Captain
Gualle's voyage (1584) ix. 337.

Huini, see Huns.

Hulks, captured by English fleet,
lading of (1589) vi. 510.

Hull, Thomas, condemned by In-
quisition in Mexico (1575) ix. 428;
death of, 430.

Hull, ships from, in Edward III.'s
fleet, I. 298 ; and the cus-
toms, 355 ; ships from, de-
spoiled (1394) II. 61; mer-
chants of, 113; and the Muscovy
Company, iii. 91 ; freightage of,
cheaper than London, 208; best
fish market (1578) 209.

Hulme, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Humber, i. 8 f.

Humfrey, Jacques, Frenchman,
saved from the Indians by Luke
Ward (1583) XI. 199

Humphrey, Richard, in Virginia
(1585) VIII, 318.

Humphrey, Thomas, child settler in
Virginia (1587) viii. 403.

Hunan, province of China, vi. 350.

Hunfleur, see Honfleur.

Hungaria, see Hungary.

Hungaria Magna, see Hungary the
Greater.

Hungarie, see Hungary.

Hungary, i. 74, 77, 86, 89, 153, 166,
242, 256, 279, II. 123; King of,
and the English spy, i. 52 ; Tar-
tars and, 64, 153, II. 187; Cepusius
petrifying water of, iv. 37, 132 ;
Beglerbeg of, pay of, vi. 61 ; war

269

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

of, with Turkey (1593) 103; Turk-
ish army sent to (1594) 104.

Hungary and Beame (Bohemia),
Don Ferdinando, King of (1527)
V. 61.

Hungary the Greater, i. 77, 86, 278 ;
people of, Tartars and, i. 161 ;
Rubruquis in fear of ambushes
from, 270; their clergymen, 276 f. ;
language, 278.

Hungate, Richard, sailor in the De-
light (1589) XI. 388, 389.

Hungerford, Baron of, 11. 147.

Hungon, Arthur Pet at (1580) iii.
299.

Hungrode, port of Bristol, William
Towerson at (1556) vi. 211; the
Grace at (1594) viii. 165.

Huns, I. 135 ; original country of
the, I. 278.

Hunsdon, Lord, see Carey, Henry.

Hunt, Edward, mariner on the Bona
Esperanza (1553) ii. 213.

Hunt, Thomas, of Lynn, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 67.

Hunter, and the north-west passage,
VII. 162.

Hunting in Ireland, 11. 133 ; in Tar-
tary, 11. 464; on ice, iv. 31, 124;
in the Western Planting, viii. 114;
in Florida, 453.

Huntingdon, Earl of, see Holland,
Lord John of.

Huntley, Colonel, lands in Spain
(1589) VI. 483; at the Groyne,
487; his regiment at the taking
of Puente de Burgos, 492 ; march
to Lisbon, 497.

Hupp Isle, description of, viii. 152.

Huquam, see Hunan.

Hurcados, the, Spanish fleet at
(1570) IX. 463.

Huricanos, see Hurricanes.

Hurin, see Burin.

Hurricanes, on Hispaniola coast, x.
136.

Hurst Castle, departure of the Ed-
ward Cotton from (1583) vi. 411.

Hurtleberries found in Virginia
(1586) vm. 367.

Hus, see Uz.

Husbac, son of Owmund, i. 38.

Hussie, or Husie, or Huse, Anthony,
consul of the Muscovy Company,

II. 307, 362, 390, 392; and the
discovery of Cathay (1553) iii. 331.

Hussie, Hubert, 11. 362.
Hussie, Lawrence, D.C.L., the
Russian ambassador, 11. 353, iii.

334-
Hussie, Lawrence, granted Russian

license (1567) iii. 93, 109.
Huyghen, see Huighen.
Huyri, Jenghiz Khan and the, i.

144.
Huyur, Tartars conquer, i. 86.
Hwang-ho, iv. 429 ; Pekin near the,

III. 263 ; from the mouth of, to
Pekin, 280.

Hy, see lona.

Hybilay, Duke of Tartary, i. 74,

150.
Hyde, i. 44, 48.
Hynde, James, settler in Virginia

(1587) vm. 402.
Hyperboreos Mountains, iii. 411.
Hyrcania, see Shirvan.
Hythe, i. 44, 48; ships from, in

King Edward's fleet, 298.
Hythe, New, in Kent, i. 297.
Hythe, West, pertaining to Hythe,

I. 48.

laec, see Ural river.

lagac, see Ural.

laic, see Ural.

laio, people of Parico in Trinidad,
X. 350.

lakint, see Sarguit.

lala. Father, his voyage to Guiana
(1560) x. 497.

laos, mighty nation in Guiana
(1596) X. 455; self-inflicted mark
of the, 457; enemies to the Span-
ish (1596) 474; nation of the
Iwaripoco, 490.

laremappo, town on the Amonna
river, x. 492.

laroslaus, see Jaroslav.

larwarema, Indian captain, x. 495.

Ibarra, John de, and John de Trex-
eda (1598) X. 160.

Iberia, i. 166.

Icari, kings and people of Icaria,
VII. 459."

Icaria, discovered by Nicholas and
Antonio Zeno (1380) vii. 445, 459;
Zichmni driven from, 460.

'.'JO

INDEX

Icarian Sea, meaning of name of,
VII. 459.

Ice, II. 339, 342 ; Stephen Borough's
ship icebound (1556) 335; in June
(1557) 367; dangers to Arthur Pet
(1580) III. 284, 286, 290, 293, 295;
on the river Ob, 456; Iceland
named from, iv. 13, 102; miracu-
lous properties of, 32, 127;
dangers of, to ships in northern
regions, iii. 242, 243, vii.
193, 218, 233; Captain Mar-
tin Frobisher prevented from
landing by (1576) 207; straits
closed by (1577) 215; islands of,
made of fresh water, near Fris-
land (1577) 289; causes of the sea
turning to, 328; Frobisher's fleet
surrounded by (1578) 330; roaring
of the, 383 ; dangers of, to John
Davys (1586) 402, 419.

Iceland, King Arthur's expedition
to, I. 3 f. ; trade to Blakeney, i.
304; stock-fish, a product of, 11.
136; brief commentary on, by
Arngrimus Jonas, iv. 1-88, 89-194;
description of, 10, 12, 98, 100; dis-
covery of, 13, loi ; first inhabited
in (718) 13, 102; navigation to
and from in, 14, 103 ; population
of, 15, 104; census in (1090) 15,
104; volcanoes in, 16, 106; earth-
quake in (1581) 17, 107; chronicles
of, 19, 51, 109, 149; fables con-
cerning, 21, 112 f. ; fountains in,
33-40, 128-136; brimstone in, 39,
135; horses and fish, 40, 136;
whales, 41, 137; map of, 43, 139;
walking stone in, 44, 140; wild
animals and birds, 44, 141 ; con-
version of, to Christianity, 47,
144; religious faith in, 49-51, 146-
148; first inhabitants of (874) 52,
150; Fredericus, first Christian
preacher (981) 52, 150 f. ; priests'
marriages in (1544) 58, 157; first
printing house in (1568) 59, 158;
houses in, 61, 160; accommodation
for cattle in, 63, 163 ; food, 64,
164; dress, 65, 165; merchants
in, 67, 168; first inhabitants of,
68, 169 ; manners in, 69, 70, 80,
170, 171, 184; Manhelge, book of
laws, 72, 174; dogs, 74, 177; ex-

cesses caused by famine in, 73,
175; influence of bishops in, 75,
178; fish trade in, 76, 178; trade
of, with England and Holland,
86, 191; chronicles of, 196;
Sebastian Cabot sailing towards
(1497) VII. 153; supposed by
Virgil to be the extremest point
north, 193 ; strong sea currents
i^' 337; ^he Sunshine at (1586)
407; Henry Morgan sent to, by
John Davys (1586) 409; descrip-
tion and products of, 409; fishing
in, 410; discovered by Nicholas
and Antonio Zeno (1380) 445;
friars from, to Greenland (c. 1380)
453 ; description by Antonio Zeno,
463 ; discovered formerly by Fris-
land fishermen, 464; Act against
exaction for traffic in, Edward VI.
(1548) VIII. 7 f.

Icelanders called Thulenses, iv. 53,
151; respect for their forefathers,
IV, 76, 179.

Ichkebre, carawool or gunner's
watch at, thirty versts from Astra-
khan, III. 21.

Ichthiophagi, fish eaters in Africa,
VI. 170.

Ickary, see Caviare.

Icomana, town of the laos, x. 490.

Iconium, alias Agogna, in Licaonia,
IV. 293 ; battle of, by Roger Hove-
den, 312, 319.

Iconocami, governor of half the
kingdom of Bugen, xi. 425 ;
soldiers of, 426,

Iconuri Mountain, mine of gold in,

X. 416.

Icosa or Dicosa, king and river

named, in Florida, ix. 112.
Idleness forbidden in Japan (1594)

XI. 440.

Idol of Virginia (1584) viii. 305;
golden, sent to the King of Spain
by the Indians (1593) x, 439.

Idolaters, i. 285 ; priests of, 287 f. ;
temples and rites of, 287 f. ; in
Ormuz, IV. 412.

Idols, in Russia, 11. 269; of the
Samoyedes, 338 ; Tartar, iii. 395 ;
in Mobar, description, iv. 414; in
India, 423; food of, 424; in Tibet,
436; Tartar, and the Franciscan

71

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

friars, 439 ; of the kingdom of
Pegu, V. 425 ; houses of, 433 ; in
kingdom of Dialcan, 472 ; in
Benares, 478, 480; of the Sapies,
X. 20; in Sierra Leone (1587) xi.
207.

Idumaea, many-coloured fountain
in, IV. 39, 134.

Idy stone, see Eddystone.

lekonga river, Stephen Borough
and (1557) II. 368.

leloffes, negroes, enemies to the
Leophares (1564) x. 15.

Ignorance of the Russian people, 11.

442, 443-
Igor, son of Rurik, 11. 183 f.
Iguanas, used as food by Thomas

Cavendish, xi. 322.
Ihame, i. 48.
Ihualapa town, in the government

of the heirs of Laurence de Castro,

IX. 468.
Ila, see Islay.

Ilac or Blac, i. 279.

Ilfercombe, see Ilfracombe.

Ilfoord-combe, see Ilfracombe.

Ilfracombe, Devon, ships from, in
Edward III.'s fleet, i. 298; Sir
Francis Drake at (1579) xi. 162.

Ilgenburg, built by Ludolphus, duke
of Brunswick, 11. 6.

llhas. As, town, description of, xi.
250.

llhas, Baia das, latitude of, in Rut-
tier for Brazil, xi. 77.

llhas, Rio das, in Ruttier for
Brazil, xi. 77.

Ilkusch, lead mines in, v. 326.

Illness of Jacques Cartier's crew,
in Holy Cross Port (1535) viii.
246; in France-Roy Fort (1542)
286; of Sir Francis Drake's crew
after leaving S. lago Island (1585)

X. 109.

Ilofe Island, conquered by Zichmni

(c. 1380) VII. 448; Zichmni 's fleet

at, 458.
* Imitivo de buena moneda,' of Goa,

VI. 20.
Imperial, La, town in Chili, xi.

276.
Importations in England, Richard

Hakluyt on, v. 241.
Inambuxo, a sect in Japan, vi. 337.

Inamia, a kind of bread in Benin,

VI. 457-

Inana river, x. 492 ; between Cape
Cecil and Raleana river, 459.

Inangondono, successor of Quaba-
condono (1591) xi. 430.

Incense, trees of, near the Amazon,
XI. 19.

Incent, John, protonotary, his ac-
count of the reception of the
Russian ambassador in England
(1556) n. 350-360.

Incommenderos, first Spanish con-
querors of Mexico, IX. 375.

Indemnity for Muscovy Company's
losses in the Moscow fire (1572)
III. 183, 190, 193.

India, i. 71 ; Jenghiz Khan and,
146 ; products of, 11. 472 ; 4400
islands, under, iv. 422 ; Caesar
Frederick's voyage to East (1563)
v. 365-449; John Newbery's voy-
age to (1583) 450; Ralph Fitch's
voyage to (1583-91) 465 ; monsoons
from, for Portugal, vi. 33 ; known
before Christ, vii. 180; fertility
of, 254; people of, 261.

India Minor, Tartars, and, i. 86.

' India, New, A Treatise of,' by Mun-
ster, translated by Richard Eden
(1553) X. 2.

India, the great, discovered by
Metrodorus, viii. 104; Meropius
in, 104.

India, Upper, or China, Friar Odoric
in, IV. 422 ; idol worship in,

423-
Indians, tribes of, in Canada Touda-
mani, viii. 239 ; and Teguenon-
dahi, 244 ; Picquemians, tribe of, in
Virginia, 253 ; of Virginia and
Captain Amadas (1584) 299; de-
scription of, 300 f., 303, 307, 429,
474; Chesapians, tribe of, in Vir-
ginia, 321; Mandoages, Opos-
sians and Tripanicks in Virginia,
326; Choaniste in Virginia, 326;
Maratoc, tribe of, in Virginia,
327 ; Mangoaks, tribe of, in Vir-
ginia, 330 ; Renapoaks, meaning
of name of, 334; superstitions of,
of Virginia, concerning the Eng-
lish (1585) 335; of Florida, dis-
covered by John de Verrazzano

272

INDEX

(1524) 424-438; description of,
425, 428, 432, 435; white sailor
and, of Florida (1524) 427; kings
of, VIII. 432 ; intercourse between
John de Verrazzano and, 433 ; re-
ligion of, of Florida, 438, 453 ;
and Captain Ribault, 458, 463 ;
two taken away by Captain
Ribault (1562) 465,' 467; La Grand
Copal, city of, in Florida, 466; of
Dominica and Captain Laudon-
niere (1564) ix. 3; of Florida, 6-9-
10, 23-28, 31-33, 52, 101-104-109;
their custom to live in woods, 59 ;
and the famine at Fort Caroline
(1565) 61 ; M. de Ottigni and the
ambushes of, 72 f. ; and Friar
Marco de Niga, 117, 119, 125, 126,
138 ; of Mexico, Antonio de Men-
doza and (1539) 123; treason of,
against Vasquez de Coronado
(1540) 151; of Cevola, 152, 155,
159; Chichilticale and Stephen
Dorantez, 162 ; of Mechuacan,
and Friar Juan de Padilla, 166;
Conchos, and Friar Augustin
Ruyz (1581) 166 f. ; and Antonio
de Espejo, 190, 192, 198, 203;
Christian names of, 199 ; Chichi-
mecas and Captain tJlloa (1539)
217, 221, 244 f., 259, 262, 265;
canoes made by, 261 ; and Francis
Preciado, 263 ff. ; Friar Raimund
and, 264 f. ; of Buena Guia river,
description by Captain Alarchon,
281-284; kindness of, to Captain
Alarchon, 293 ff., 311; and the
burning of their dead, 297; of
Nova Albion, 321; towns of, near
Mexico, 357 ; v/itchcraft of, 382 ;
of New Spain, description by
Henry Hawks (1572) 386-397;
religious beliefs, 117, 387; law of
Charles V. for the freedom of,
388; Chichimici, and Miles Philips
(1568) 410; of Panuco, and An-
thony Godard and John Cornish,
455; of Tlaxcalla, and Anthony
Godard and John Cornish, 458 ; of
Niciecan, trade in Ihualapa, 468;
of Terra Firma, description of, x.
27; of Cumana, and Sir John
liawkins (1565) 27; description of,
28 f. ; of Florida, description of.

by Sir John Hawkins (1565) 52;
of Trinidad, and Andrew Barker
(1576) 84; of Dominica, and Sir
Francis Drake (1585) no; at the
defence of Cartagena, and their
poisoned arrows (1586) 119; of
Terra Firma, traffic of (1587) 135;
of De La Paz, and the small pox
(1590) 171 ; of Florida, their
traffic with Christopher Newport's
crew (1591) 189; of Trinidad, Sir
Robert Dudley's description of
(1595) 205; of Dominica and the
sick crew of the Darling (1595)
215; in Martinino, 309; of Trini-
dad, cruelties of Don Antonio de
Berreo towards (1594) 352; of
West Indies and the gold of
Guiana, 366; trade of, in Margar-
ita, 376; Tivitivas, description of
by Sir Walter Raleigh, 382 ; of
Capuri and Macureo, 383 ; and
Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) 391;
Nepoios, 394 ; Borracheras or
drunken feasts of, 437 ; with high
shoulders, 438; Arawak, wander-
ing tribe of, 455; of Moruga's
plan for driving out the Spaniards,
^62 ; of Guiana, their wish to live
under English rule (1596) 472;
character of, described by Laur-
ence Keymis, 477, xi. 13 ; ill-
treated by Antonio Sedenno, x.
497; by Augustine Delgado, 498;
of Aramatto and Wias, Sir Walter
Raleigh and (1597) xi. 6; of the
Amazon river, description of, 20 ;
of Trinidad, arrows of, 22 ; of
Baya de las Islas, 135 ; of Santos
bring a present to Edward Fenton
(1583) 192; treason of, against
Edward Fenton (1583) 199; of
Granada, character of, 235 ; of
,Hispaniola, character of, 238; of
La Mocha, Sir Francis Drake
wounded by, 260 ; constrained by
the Spaniards to work the mines,
275 ; of Chili and Don Pedro de
Valdivia, 276; of Port Desire, de-
scription of (1586) 296; graves of,
297; of S. Marie Island, tribute
paid by, to the Spaniards (1587)
302 ; of Morro Moreno, descrip-
tion of, 307 ; of the Straits of

273

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Magellan and the sailors of John
Chidley (1590) 383.
Indico, see Indigo.
Indies, East, voyage to, by Captain
Raimund (1591) x. 194-203; Sir
Anthony Sherley's intention of
going to (1597) 276.
Indies, Oriental and Occidental, n.
163.

Indies, West, ' History of,' by Benzo,
IV. 108, 117; Sir John Hawkins'
voyage to (1564) vi. 263; Sir
Francis Drake in the Spanish, vii.
40; discovery of, by Madoc (1170)
133 ; offer of discovery of, by
Christopher Columbus to Henry
VII. (1488) 135; map of, by Sebas-
tian Cabot (1497) 145; Sebastian
Cabot's voyages to, 152 ; ' General
History of the,' by Francis Lopez
de Gomara, vii. 153 ; islands of.
Captain Amadas at (1584) viii.
297; quotation from, ix. 163-
169; tribute paid by, to the King
of Spain, 375 ; Don Martin Hen-
riquez, viceroy of (1568) 451 ; third
voyage to, with Sir John Hawkins
(1567) 445; ' History of,' by Gon-
zalvo de Oviedo, x. 4; Thomas
Tison, English factor in (c. 1526)
6 ; way to, discovered by Thomas
Tison, 6; first voyage of Sir John
Hawkins to (1562-3) 7, xii. 47;
second voyage (1564) x. 9-63;
third voyage (1567-8) 64-74; last
voyage to, of Sir John Hawkins
and Sir Francis Drake (1595) 226-
245, XII. 23; voyage of John
Oxenham to (1575) x. 77-81;
rebellion feared by Spain in (1587)
152 ; Christopher Newport's vo)^-
age to (1591-2) 184-190; Sir Amyas
de Preston's voyage to (1595) 213-
226 ; Ruttier for, 280-305 ; second
Ruttier for, 306-337; conquest of,
xn. 8.

Indigo, found in Scinde and Cam-
bay, VI. 26; found in Mexico, ix.
358.

Indus river, viii. 128.

Infant, river of the, discovered by
Bartholomew Diaz, viii. 128.

Infidels beaten by the Dutch knights,
II. 2.

Infierno Island, Sir Robert Dudley

at (1595) X. 210.
Inga, Emperor of Guiana (1595) x.

401.
Ingas, golden garden of the, near

Puna, X. 357; religion of the, by

Pedro de Cieza, 424.
Ingemundus, i. 27, 28.
Ingenios, or sugar house in Grand

Canary, vi. 127, 128 ; in Teneriffe,

130; in Gomera, 132; in Palma,

132 ; in Madeira, 135 ; set on fire

by Robert Withrington, nearBahia

(1587) XI. 222; worked by negroes

from Guinea, 240; in Bahia town,

250.
Ingenos, battle of, Matthew Gour-

ney at, iv. 444.
Inger Sound, 11. 416.
Ingles, Port, Charles Leigh and the

ship of Biscay in (1597) viii. 174;

Charles Leigh at, 182.
Ingram, Anthony, and the goods

from Benin (1589) vi. 454; his

account of the first voyage to

Benin, 458-461.
Ingram, David, on cannibals, viii.

100; quotations of Welsh names

from, 108; on salt in western

parts, no; description of animals

of Western Planting (1583) 114.
Ingram, David, under John Hooper's

leadership in Panuco (1568) ix.

412; missing, 413.
Ingram, Richard, master's mate in

Cabot's intended voyage, 11. 206;

ship's mate on the Bona Confiden-

tia (1553) 214.
Ingulf, Abbot of Croyland, voyage

to Jerusalem (1064) iv. 288-293;

to Normandy, 291 ; robbed on the

way to Jerusalem, 291 ; his return

home, 293.
Ingulphus, Norwegian chieftain in

Iceland (874) iv. 52, 150.
Innachari, Zavia della, doctor of law

at Cairo, v. 335.
Innocent III., Pope, and the succour

of the Holy Land (1201) iv. 345.
Innocent IV. (Sinibaldo de Fieschi),

Pope (1243-1254), I. 55, 94, 134;

his legates in Tartary ,(1246) 55-

133, 134-179, II. 187 ; and the King

of Russia (1246) III. 371.

274

INDEX

Innocentius, see Innocent.

Inns or hospitals, in the empire of

Cathay, for travellers, iv. 433.
Innsbruck, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 321.

Inquisition, the, in the East Indies
(1570) III. 154; Neville Davies,
prisoner of (1592) vii. 107; settled
in West Indies in (1574) ix. 424;
Anthony Godard and his men
judged by (1575) 424 f. ; in Tene-
riffe, and Andrew Barker (1574)
X. 82.

Inquisition House in Triana, Eng-
lish prisoners at (1570) ix. 463.

Insana river, near Culma, iv. 37,
132.

Inspruck, see Innsbruck.

Instructions to master and mariners
of the English fleet (1577) 11. 375-
378 ; given to Edward Fenton by
the Lords of Council concerning
his voyage to East Indies and
Cathay (1582) xi. 163-171.

Insulae Fortunatae, see Canary
Islands.

Intent, the, captured by Sir Robert
Dudley (1595) Benjamin Wood
made captain of, x. 205.

Interpreter, French, for English
merchants in Cape Verde (1567)

VI. 273 ; Indian, Balthasar, of Sir
Robert Dudley (1595) x. 207; In-
dian, of Sir Walter Raleigh, in
his voyage to Guiana (1595) 353.

Intla, Punta de, in Mexico, ix. 466.

* In Turchas precatio,' by William

Malim, v. 128.
Invasion, Spanish, intended, of
England, iv. 221.

* Inventio Fortunata,' by Nicholas

of Lynn, i. 303.

Inventory, of ships to be made by
pursers, 11. 317; of Edward Fen-
ton's ships (1582) XI. 166.

lona, Island of, i. 33.

Ipaios, nation of the Manmanuri, x.
492.

Iparoma river, tributary of the Ori-
noco river, x. 420.

Ipswich, ships from, in Edward
Ill.'s fleet, I. 299; and the cus-
toms, 355.

Iracana river, see Somme in Florida.

Irak Arabi (Chaldea), climate of, 1.
52; Tartars in, 53.

Ireland, King Arthur and, i. 3 f., 6;
King Vortiporius and, 8; devas-
tated (684) 10; ships from, in
Edward III.'s fleet, 299; Richard
de Clare (Strongbow), Earl of
Pembroke in (1171) 32; King
John of England and, 34; pro-
ducts of, II. 132 f. ; mines of silver
and gold in, 132 ; possible con-
quest of, 135 ; fables concerning,
IV. 20, 110; Spanish ships wrecked
on the coast of (1588) 232;
William Towerson in (1556) vi.
211; description of, vii. 28;
church ceremonies, 29 ; Sir Henry
Sidney, deputy of (1568) 179;
strong sea currents from the
Mexico Bay to (1578) 337; Act
against exaction for traffic in, Ed-
ward VI. (1548) VIII. 8; conquest
by Richard Strongbow (1171)

444-
Ireland, Marquess of, see Stukeley,

Thomas.
Ireland, Richard, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 317.
Irene, or Irenia, Empress of Russia,

III. 435, 449; wife of Feodor

Ivanowich (1584) 340; wisdom of,

344-
Irish, improvident nature of the

(1589) VII. 28.

Iron, Russian, in. 369; mines of, at
Wichida, 113; mines in New-
foundland, VIII. 60; mines in
Canada, 268; in Virginia (1586)
356.

Iron Island, iron and copper mines
in (1578) VIII. 15.

Irraparragota, King of Amario-
capana (1595) x. 416.

Irrouacas, river, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 246.

Irtische, see Irtysh.

Irtysh river, in. 408.

Isabel, the, of Clay, 11. 65.

Isabella, Queen of Spain, and the
sons of Christopher Columbus
(1494) VII. 140.

Isabella, in Hispaniola, governor of,
and Sir Richard Grenville (1585)
VIII. 313; John White at (1587)

275

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

390; port of Hispaniola, Sir John
Hawkins at (1562) x. 8.

Isacan, King of Sinnergan, v. 485.

Isakius, King of Cyprus (1191) iv.
328; and Richard I., 329; defeat
of, 330; sent to Tripolis, 331.

Isakrakur or crow, in Iceland, iv.
141.

Isamacon, king and river named, in
Florida, ix. 112; cacique, 113.

Iscant Island, despoiled by Zichmni
(c. 1380) vn. 451.

Iseland, see Iceland.

Isham, Henry, in Charles V. 's ex-
pedition to Algiers (1541) v. 71.

Isidore, i. 255, vii. 137; on Cyclo-
pedes, I. 154 ; on the Caspian Sea,
270, 271 ; on Albania, 271 ; on
Bulgarian horses, 278; on deadly
water, iv. 39, 135.

Isla, Don Nicolas de, colonel of the
Armada (1588) iv. 202.

Island, see Iceland.

Island in Scythian Sea, ni. 264.

Islands, discovered by Arthur Pet

(1580) III. 288; on the lake of An-
golesme, viii. 229; South Euro-
pean, Thome's map of, 11. 171.

Islands, kingdom of the, i. 27, 28;

Dopnald and the, 27.
Islas, Baya de las, latitude of, Nuno

da Silva at (1578) xi. 134.
Islay, Spanish ships wrecked at, iv.

231.
Isle of Man, see Man.
Isle of Wight, see Wight.
Isleif, first bishop of Schalholt, in

Iceland (1057) iv. 53, 151, 152.
Islettes, the, great fishing at, viii.

187.
Ismael, Sophi of Persia, buried in

Meskit, III. 26; father of Shah

Thomas, 35, 160.
Ismo, the, rocks in Cartagena har-
bour, x. 140.
Isocrates, sage saying of, I. xxxiii.
Isthmus, between Asia and the West

Indies, vii. 199.
Istria, V. 204; Laurence Aldersey at

(1581) V. 214; galls from, vi. 25.
Istria, cape of, John Locke before

(1553) V. 104.
Isvenogorodsky, Vasili Andrevitch,
and Sir Jerome Horsey, iii. 346.

Itaa Island, in Isle of Goats, Cap-
tain Gualle at (1584) ix. 329.

Ita Caponea Island, in the Orinoco
river, x. 494.

Italian soldiers in the Armada army
(1588) IV. 205.

Italy, Thome's map of the coast of,
u. 170; Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.
195; Robert de Ketene in (1143)
IV. 308; Cardan on, 35, 129;
petrifying fountains in, 36, 131 ;
and the Armada (1588) 200;
Britons in, before Christ, 269 ;
climate of, viii. 384; navy of,
XII. 3 ; navigators of, 8.

Itarey, king of the natives of Cape
Breton (1597) viii. 174.

Itewee, town of the Maicawini, x.
494.

' Itinerarium Cambriae,' by Giraldus
Cambrensis, iv. 340.

Itorebece river, x. 494.

lucatan, see Yucatan.

lug river, see Yug.

Ivan or John, son of Daniel, and
the aggrandisement of Moscow,
III. 371.

Ivan Feodorowich, Knez, iii. 336.

Ivangorod, open to foreign trade
(1569) III. 118.

Ivan Vasiliwich, Emperor of Russia,
conquests of , 11. 188 f. ; son of Basil,
190; character of, 191,438; portrait
of, 192 ; Grand Duke of Russia
(1580) 249; his letters to Edward
VI. 271-272; King Philip and
Queen Mary's letters to (1555)278;
wars of, 450 ; losses of, iii. 386 ;
built Narva Castle, 387.

Ivia Pari, river, named by Bartho-
lomew de Casas, x. 496.

Ivie, master of the Dragon (1591)
VI. 466.

Ivory, in Guinea, vi. 163, 261 ;
trade in, in Guinea (1554) 184, 189,
190,192,215; in Cape Verde Island,
237; in Rio de Potos, 239; from
Benin (1589) 455, 457, 459, 465,
467; value of, VIII. 156; used
against poison, 157; Edward
Fenton's capture of (1582) xi.

175-
Iwana Island, in Orinoco river, x.

395-

;76

INDEX

Iwanama, town of the Mawari, x.

492.
Iwanas found in Triangle Islands

(1596) X. 458.
Iwaravvakeri, Macureguarai near, x.

423 ; enemies to the Spanish, 475.
Iwarawaqueri, nation unconquered

by the Orejones, x. 400; settled

on the left bank of the Caroli

river, 405.
Iwarewakeri, see Iwarawakeri.
Iwaripoco river, x. 490; mentioned

by Laurence Keymis (1596) 454;

emeralds in, 491.

Jackman, Bennet, unlicensed Eng-
lish merchant in Russia (1591) m.
426.

Jackman, Charles, pilot, i. xl. ; ship-
master, III. 251 ; vice-admiral, 253 ;
advice as to his behaviour towards
foreign nations, 255 ; advice to,
by William Borough, 259-262 ; by
Dee, 262-263 ; t)y Richard Hak-
luyt, 264-275; discoveries by (1580)
282-303 ; winters in Norway,
303 ; master's mate in Cap-
tain Frobisher's second voyage
(1577) VII. 217; master of the
Judith (1578) 233; master's mate
of the Aid (1577) 285, 295, 304;
assistant in Captain Frobisher's
council, 348; North-east voyage
by (1580) XII. 23.

Jackman, Edward, granted Russian
license (1569) iii. 109.

Jackman 's Sound, discovered by
Captain Frobisher (1577) vii. 217,
237, 296; natives of Meta Incog-
nita in (1577) 302 ; and Anne War-
wick's Sound, 306.

Jacks, Austen, cook on the Edward
Bonaventure (1553) 11. 214.

Jackson, Arthur, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.

Jackson, Captain, at Peniche (1589)
VI. 496.

Jackson, Robert, of Andrew
Barker's company, killed at San
Francisco Island (1576) viii. 86.

Jacob, Armenian bark owner, iii.
230, 232.

Jacob, Robert, English doctor of
Emperor of Russia, iii. 314, 323.

Jacobiti, Tartars and, i. 86.

Jacuino, Quabacondono and, xi. 436.

Jaffa, in Judea, coloured water in,
IV. 38, 134; fleet from Genoa at
(1064) 292; Goderic at (1102) 298;
siege of (1102) 299-301; Eng-
lish fleet at (1107) 301, 303; ad-
miral of, and Prince Edward
(1270) 363; Richard I. at (1191)
335. V. 87; towers of, 89; Laur-
ence Aldersey at (1581) 208, 212;
Caesar Frederick in (1567) 447;
John Eldred at (c. 1587) vi. 9.

Jagatai, son of Jenghiz Khan, i. 74,
150.

Jaic, see Ural river.

Jaico, Island of, mentioned in second
Ruttier. x. 328.

Jalapa, summer town of Vera Cruz,
IX, 361.

Jalisco Islands, Captain Ulloa at
(1539) IX. 208.

Jalisco, province of Mexico, ix. 364;
Spaniards in, and the conversion
of Indians to Christianity, 118;
latitude of, 350; from, to Chia-
metla, 363 ; Thomas Cavendish
at, 369 ; anchorage at, 373.

Jallobert, see Salobert.

Jalobert, see Salobert.

Jalofo, Ethiopians in, vi. 143.

Jamahey, description of, by Ralph
Fitch (c. 1583) V. 495 ; products

of, 495-
Jamaica, conquered by Spain, viii.
124; John White in sight of (1590)
411; Spanish fleet at 420; gover-
nor of, taken by the mutinous
soldiers of Captain Laudonniere

(1564) IX. 43; inhabited by Span-
iards (1570) 367; Sir John
Hawkins at, and the Spanish mer-
chant (1565) X. 43; mutinous
soldiers of Captain Laudonniere at

(1565) 54; William King at (1592)
191; Sir Amyas de Preston at
(1595) 225 ; voyage of Sir Anthony
Sherley to (1595) 266-276; taken
by Sir Anthony Sherley (1597) 273 ;
products of, 274 ; Captain William
Parker's voyage to, and meeting
with Anthony Sherley at (1596)
277; latitude of, 333.

Jamayca, see Jamaica.

77

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Jamba, one of the Java Islands,
diamonds in, v. 499.

James I., and Cavendish, xii. 71.

James, bishop of Nicosia, v. 125 ;
conquers Cyprus, 126.

James, Leonard, of the Elizabeth
(1584) V. 281.

James, Thomas, Bodley's Ubrarian
(1573-1629) I. xxii.

James, Thomas, letter from, to Sir
William Cecil concerning dis-
covery of Ramea (1591) vni. 155.

James Cartier's Sound, discovered
by Jacques or James Cartier (1534)
vin. 188.

James Town, Virginia, living of,
offered to Hakluyt, xii. 86.

Jane, John, last voyage of Thomas
Cavendish (1591-1593), written by,
XI. 389-416.

Jane, Philip, of the Sunshine (1586)
vii. 408.

Jane Bonaventure, the, voyage of,
to Mexico Bay (1592) x. 190.

Janes, John, merchant, account of
John Davys 's first voyage for the
discovery of the north-west pass-
age (1585-1587) VII. 381-445; in
the Sunshine of London, 382.

Jangomes, country of the, Ralph
Fitch in, v. 495 ; benzoin found
at, 504.

Janissaries at the siege of Rhodes
(1522) V. 23-34, 58; uniform of,
106; at Famagusta (1571) 148,
152; in Turkish garrisons, vi. 6;
pay of, 61, 63; captain of the,
65 ; in the Hungarian-Turkish
war (1594) 104.

Janitzary, Cape, Richard Wrag at
(1594) VI. 107.

Janni, Prete, see Prester John.

Janzu, Franciscan Friars in (1330)
IV. 428.

Japan, Jesuits in, Iii. 263 ; Portu-
guese trade in (1567) v. 405; trade
with Macao, 498; by R. Willes,
VI. 327-347; latitude of, 327, viii.
129; character of natives of, vi.
328; sixty-six kingdoms in, 335;
P. Maffeius on, 332, 347; the Por-
tuguese at, viii. 129; climate,
384; Captain Gualle at (1584)
IX. 334-

Japhet, see Joppa.

Japhet, VII. 162 ; son of Noah, settled

in Europe, 264.
Japigia, blood fountain in, iv. 38^

134-

Japon, see Japan.

Jaques, last King of Cyprus (1473)
tomb of, v. 95.

Jaques, clerk of the galleys at
Rhodes (1522) v. 12.

Jardines, Los, described in the Rut-
tier, X. 286; latitude, 314, 333.

Jarfawkons, see Gerfalcons.

Jaroslav, or Waldemar, duke of
Russia, I. 42.

Jaroslav, son of Demetrius, 11. 187.

Jaroslav, son of Vladimir, 11. 185.

Jaroslave, see Yaroslavl.

Jaroslaw, see Yaroslavl.

Jarrefalcons, see Gerfalcons.

Jase, see Tartar ships.

Jasper, green, found in Cambay, vi.
27.

Jassy, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

325-

Java, wealth of, iv. 416; spice trade
in, v. 405; diamonds in, 499, 504;
pepper found in, 504 ; mace found
in ; the Portuguese at, viii, 129 ;
Sir Francis Drake at (1579) xi.
130 ; customs of the people of, 131 ;
vocabulary of, 13 1-2 ; Thomas Cav-
endish at (1588) 337, 370; King's
secretary visits him on the Desire,
338; Rajah Bolamboam, king of
(1588) 340 ; character of the people
of, 341 ; distance from, to Cape
of Good Hope, 343 ; latitude of,
351 ; from, to Cape of Good Hope,
365 ; anchorage at, 373 ; Straits,
Thomas Cavendish through (1588)
XI. 337.

Javat, in Shirvan, iii. 40; a tribu-
tary of the Caspian Sea in, 165.

Jawa or Indian magician, ix. 57.

Jawdara, Alcaide, in Gago (1594)
VII. 100.

Jaya, river of, James Welsh at
(1588) VI. 453 ; the Richard of
Arundel in (1590) 465.

Jean, Francis, traitor to his country-
men (1564) IX. 39, (1565) 95; and
Captain James Ribault, 97.

Jebusites, Joshua and the, viii. 103.

278

INDEX

Jeffries, return of (1583) xi. 201.

Jehbir, in the kingdom of Mecca, v.
348.

Jebel-et-Tor (Mount Tabor), near
Nazareth, iv. 305.

Jemena, see Jumna.

Jena, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
321.

Jenebelli or Genebelli, Frederick,
engineer (1588) iv. 208; at the
siege of Antwerp (1585) iv. 222.

Jenero, see Rio de Janeiro.

Jenghiz Khan, Mogul Emperor
I. 60, 68 f., 72, 77, 88; con-
quests of, 69 f., 84, 143-150;
laws of, 73 f., 78 f., 149 f. ; origin
of, 142 f. ; Emperor of Tartary, 145 ;
and the cave-dwellers, 148 f. ;
vanquishes Vut Khan, 268; his
descendants, 281 ; prisoner of the
people of Tangut, 290.

Jenise, Master, and Laurence Alder-
sey, in Augsburg (1581) v. 202.

Jenkinson, Anthony (d. 161 1), on
north regions, xxix. ; discourse,
xliv. ; voyages of, xlv. f. ; in
Russia, xlvi ; captain of the Prim-
rose (1557) II. 375, 390; his return
from Bokhara (1559) 400; Mus-
covy Company's hopes of, 404; in
Moscow, 407 ; message from Mus-
covy Company to, 409 ; first voy-
age of (1557) 413 ; at Flamborough
Head, 414; at Heilick Islands
and Lofoden Islands, 415 ; at
Foxenose up the Dvina, 418; and
the Emperor of Russia, 420, 436 ;
his voyage to Bokhara (1558) 449-
479 ; down the Volga, 456 ; in
Manguslave, 459-461 ; drinks
mares' milk, 460, 461 ; his en-
counter with thieves, 466-469 ;
leaves Bokhara, 474; his recep-
tion by the Emperor of Russia,
478; his safe-conduct through
Russia (1561) III. 1-5; bearer of
Queen Elizabeth's letters, 4, 6; his
authority over apprentices, 10;
and the Nova Zembla passage, 12 ;
his discretionary power, 13 ; his
journey to Persia (1561-1564) 15;
his reception by King of Shir-
van, 21; his arrival at the
Sophi's Court, 27, 29; and the

Persian trade, 48, 63, 64; his voy-
age to Muscovy (1566) 92; privi-
leges obtained by, 92, 93; joint
witness of the Russian privileges,
97; ambassador to Russia (1571)
170, (1557) 334. (1561) 335; re-
ceived by the Emperor, 173-188;
his travels (1546-1572) 195; on
north-east passage, 457; his map
of Russia, engraving of, 486 ; on
Solyman's expedition to Syria
(1553) V. 105; safe-conduct given
by Solyman to, 109; privileges
granted by Solyman to, 168; and
the passage to Cathay, vii. 159,
181 ; and the sea currents, 168,
183 ; and the Mare Glaciale, 176,
183 ; and the overland route to
Cathay (1558) xii. 23; and the
North-east passage, 25 ; and Hak-
luyt, 75.

Jenkinson, John, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Jennings, Master of the Tohy, and
Hakluyt, xii. 76.

Jennings, William, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Jerado, Anthony, of Marseilles, pilot
of the Jesus (1583) v. 292.

Jeraslave, see Yaroslavl.

Jeremiah's fountain, Laurence Alder-
sey at (1581) v. 210.

Jeres, iv. 260.

Jerfalcons, see Gerfalcons.

Jericho, Joshua in, viii. 102.

Jerom, Castle of, in Russia, in. 408.

Jersey, ship from (c. 1581) viii. 118,
146.

Jerundus, ninth bishop of Holen, in
Iceland (1267) iv. 55, 153.

Jerusalem, i. 167; British soldiers at
the sack of, xxv. ; original seat
of the order of the Dutch knights
(1190) II. i; Persian pilgrims to,
III. 161 ; called Couch Kaly, 161 ;
Empress Helena's visit to, 337, iv.
272; Andrew Leucander at (1020)
282 ; Sweyn at (1052) 283 ; Alured
at (1058) 287; Ingulf, abbot of
Croyland, voyage to (1064) 288,
292 ; Normandy pilgrims at, 291 ;
churches destroyed in, 292;
Gutuere's voyage to, 293 ; Edgar's

279

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

voyage to (1102) 295; Godericus'
journey to, 297 ; chronicles of
(1107) 301; Tower of David at,
302 ; pilgrims to, 302 ; John Lacy
(1137) and William Mandevile in
(1177) 310; Ranulph, Earl of
Chester's voyage to (1218) 349;
Peter des Roches, bishop of Win-
chester's voyage to (123 1) 351 ;
Louis IX. of France's journey to
Holy Land (1248) 353; King of,
asks for help from Cyprus (1270)
362 ; engraving of, 370 ; the
three wise men of Kazvin
led to, 410; Earl of Hunting-
ton (1394) and the Duke of Nor-
folk at (1399) 453 ; bishop of Win-
chester's journey to (1417) by
Thomas Walsing, 454 ; Henry IV. 's
project of conquest of (1413) 455;
order of, v. i ; John Locke's voy-
age to (1553) 76, 91; messenger
sent to the guardian of, 89 ; Laur-
ence Aldersey at (1581) 209-212;
monuments in, 210-212; Richard
Forster, consul for (1583) 260;
Csesar Frederick at (1567) 447;
John Eldred at, vi. 9 ; ivory gate
in, 166; Eustaphius, abbot of, his
visit to Russia, 11. 185 ; Kings of,
Godfrey of Bouillon (1098) iv.
293; Baldwin (iioo) 297; Guy
(1191) 330, V. 125; John de
Brienne (12 18) iv. 348; patriarchs
of, Sophronius (1064) iv. 292 ;
Hugh of Tabaria (1107) 302 ; Gui-
mund (1128) 308; Anthony Beck

^ (1305) 370.

Jeruslaus, see Jaroslav.

Jesuits in Japan, iii. 263 ; in Venice
(1581) V. 204; in S. Paul's Col-
lege in Goa (1586) 460; and John
Newbery, 507, 510; in China (1583)
^^- 375 ; college of, in Panama
(1587) X. 148; in Japan, difficul-
ties (1591) XI. 428; and Quabacon-
dono, 435.

Jesus, the, voyage to S. Nicholas
(1560) II. 401 ; wares in, 408.

Jesus of London, the, and Romadan
Pasha (1584) V. 281 ; voyage of, to
Tripolis, by Thomas Sanders
(1583) 292-311; shot at, by Sebas-
tian at Tripolis, 297; Murad

Khan's letter about (1584) 314;
William Harborne's letter, 316,
318.
Jesus, the, of Liibeck, engrav-
ing of, IX. 416; Sir John
Hawkins's second voyage to West
Indies with (1564) vi. 253, x. 9,
17; left by Sir John Hawkins in
S. Juan d'Ullpa (1568) ix. 365-
406, x. 72 ; Sir John Hawkins's
ship (1567) IX. 398, X. 64; Job
Hortop, gunner in (1567) ix. 445,
(1568) 453; at Riohacha (1568)
449 ; Captain Bland aboard, in S.
Juan d'Ulloa (1568) 454; third
voyage of Sir John Hawkins to
Guinea and the West Indies in
(1567- 1 568) X. 64; in a storm near
Florida (1568) 67; in S. Juan
d'Ulloa attacked by Spaniards
(1568) 71; lent by Queen Eliza-
beth to Sir John Hawkins (1564)
XII. 48; taken at S. Juan d'Ulloa,

50-
Jewels, trade in Pegu, v. 434, 443;

Orenoqueponi buried with their, x.

424.
Jews, expelled from Castile (1527)

II. 173; in Venice (1581) v.

204.
Jeza, nation of Tartars, xi. 441 ; de-
scription of, 442.
Joala, near Palmerin, products of,

VII. 90; Thomas Dassel in (1591)

92, 95 ; trade in, 98.
Joan, Richard I.'s sister, Queen of

Sicily (1190) IV. 322; in Cyprus,

328, 329; in Acre, 333.
Job, land of, named Uz, iv. 410;

manna found in, 411.
Jocasta, daughter of Creon, iv. 72,

174.
Jocoel Lamiockerie, King of Joala,

vii. 95.
John, King of England, i. 49; and

Ireland, 34 ; and the charter, 294 ;

grants safe conduct to foreign

merchants, 319 f. ; and Philip

King of France (1193) iv. 335; in

England, 337.
John I. of Portugal and the conquest

of Ceuta (1415) VI. 121.
John II., King of Castile, and

Madeira (1417) vi. 120.
80

INDEX

John II., King of France, and Ed-
ward III., I. 300.
John II., King of Portugal, embassy

to Edward IV. (1481) vi. 123; life,

by Gracias de Resende, vi. 123.
John III., King of Portugal, letter

from Henry VIII. (1527) v. 63;

and Luis de Melo's licence to ex-
plore the Maranon, xi. 242.
John XVIII., Pope, and King

Canute, i. 313 f.
John XXI I., Pope, and Friar

Odoric's intended visit to (1331)

IV. 443.
John, Prester, King of Ethiopia, vi.

144, 168 ; different names, 169 ;

and the Ethiopians, viii. 106.
John a Tieflen, thirty-second master

of the Dutch knights (1489) 11.

10.
John, Captain Don, and the English

merchants at Cape Corea (1555)

VI. 160; death (1562) 260.
John, Don, and the Turks at Lep-

anto, VI. no.
John, interpreter of Sir Walter

Raleigh, and his account of the

headless men (1586) x. 465.
John of Ascoli, captain, made slave

at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.
John of Istria, captain, wounded at

Famagusta (1571) v. 137; made

slave, V. 151.
John, of Nantes, punished by Rober-

val in France-Roy Fort (1542) viii.

286.
John, Prince Don, and the sons of

Christopher Columbus (1494) vii.

140.
John, son of Dugall, at Roghalwaht,

I. 40.
John, son of Ivan Vasiliwich, 11.

189.
John, son of Janus of Lusignan,

King of Cyprus (1470) v. 125.
John, the Greek, chief boatman of

Sir Francis Drake (1578) xi. 139.
John Antonio, of Piacenza, captain,

made slave at Famagusta (1571)
V. 151.
John Kaleta, son of Daniel, 11. 187.
John Maria, of Verona, captain,
made slave at Famagusta (1571)
V. 152,

XII

John of London, the, in Guiana, xi.
10, 15.

John Baptist, the, of London, and
the proposed voyage to Guinea
(1564) VI. 262; bound for Guinea
(1564) X. 9; lost in a storm, 10.

John Evangelist, the (1557) n. 375'
413, 425; letters from the Mus-
covy Company sent in, 379 ; Laur-
ence Roundal, master, 380.

John Evangelist, the, and the second
voyage to Guinea (1554) vi. 155.

John Evangelist, the, of John
White's voyage to Virginia (1590)
VIII. 406; at Cape Tiburon, 409;
and the S. Domingo fleet, 420.

John Thomas, the. Sir Francis
Drake's ship, wrecked hull of,
found by Thomas Cavendish (1587)
XI. 298.

John and Francis, the, of London,
of the Cadiz expedition, captures
by (1596) IV. 243.

John Luis or John Alvarez Island,
latitude of, x. 334; distance from
Flores, 337.

Johnson, Neales, killed by Indians
on Puna Island (1587) xi. 318.

Johnson, Nicholas and Henry,
settlers in Virginia (1587) viii.
402.

Johnson, Richard, account of the
Samoyedes, i. xliv., 11. 213, 377,
401; merchant in Russia (1555)
291 ; on the discovery of Vaigach
and Nova Zembla (1556) 345-349;
at Novgorod (1557) 392; Anthony
Jenkinson and, 400, 449, 476, iii.
14 ; on the road between Russia
and Cathay, 11. 480-482 ; sales by,

III. 42 ; his voyage to Persia, 43-
47; his reception by the King of
Shirvan or Hircania, 47; dis-
honesty of, 52 ; carelessness of, 59.

Johnson, Richard, survivor of the
Toby (1593) VII. 129.

Johnson, Robert, and Anthony Jen-
kinson, II. 400, 449, 476.

Jollobert, see Salobert.

Jolly, John, of Blakeney, sea-
captain, II. 103.

Jonas, son of Augmundus, first
bishop of Holen, in Iceland (1106)

IV. 54, 152.

281 T

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Jonas, son of Ericus, fourteenth

bishop of Holen in Iceland (1358)

IV. 56, 154.
Jonas, son of Indrid, thirteenth

bishop of Schalholt, in Iceland

(1339) IV. 56, 154.
Jonas, son of Sig-uardus, fourteenth

bishop of Schalholt, in Iceland

(1343) IV. 56, 154-
Jonas, Arngrimus, commentary on

Iceland by, iv. 1-88, 89-144.
Jonas, Gislaus, twenty-ninth bishop

of Schalholt, in Iceland (1556) iv.

59> 158-
Jonas, the, of Sir John Hawkins'

fleet (1562) X. 7.
Jones, captain in the Darling in Sir

Amyas de Preston's voyage (1595)

X. 213; secret mission and death

of (1595) 225.
Jones, Griffen, settler in Virginia

(1587) vm. 403.
Jones, John and Jane, settlers in

Virginia (1587) viii. 402, 403.
Jones, Lieutenant, in Sir Francis

Drake's fleet, killed at Nombre de

Dios (1595) X. 237.
Jones, Philip, John Newbery's friend

(1583) V. 453.
Jones, Philip, and the fight of Pan-

talleria (1586) vi. 46; master of

the Christopher, in William

Towerson's third voyage (1577)

VI. 250,
Jones, Rice, owner of the Grace

(1594) VIII. 162.
Joppa, see Jaffa.
Jordan, river, in Palestine, viii. 102 ;

John Eldred at (c. 1587) vi. 9.
Jordan, river, in Florida, viii. 461.
Joritono, Prince, hunting and hawk-
ing by, XI. 429.
Joseph, Envoy from Harold, King

of Man, to Loglen, i. 39.
Joseph, son of Jacob, storehouses

founded by, v. 338 ; in Cairo

(1587) VI. 37; house, 45.
Josephus, on the Ivory Gate, vi.

166; on Meroe Island, 168.
Joshua, leader of the Jews, viii.

102.
Josias, captain of the Delight, death

of (1596) X. 240.
Joughoria, see Ugoria.

Jourdain, Sylvester, ' Discovery of

the Bermudas,' etc., by (1610) xii.

112.
' Journal of King Richard,' by

Richard of Devizes (1200) iv. 344.
Joy, gentleman of the King's chapel,

voyage in the Minion (1536) viii.

3-
Joy, Cape of, named by Sir Francis
Drake, the Christopher found at
(1578) XI. 107; John Winter at,

T53-

Joy, Cape, latitude of, xi. 349, 356;
anchorage, 371.

Juan III., see John III.

Juan, Don, nephew of King More-
quito, christened by the Spaniards,
x_^. 376 ; or Eparacano, nephew of
Topiawari, christened, 412 ; cousin
of Gualtero, chief of the Indians
(1596) 469, 471.

Juan Griego, Puerto de, latitude
mentioned in the Ruttier, x.
287.

Juana Creos, Stephen Borough at

(1557) n- 370.
Juba, and the two dogs in the

Canaries, vi. 126.
Juca, root, description of, xi. 240.
Judaea, viii. 384; in Thome's map,

II. 171.
Judah, leader of the Jews' army,

VIII. 103.
Judaria, see Ghetto.
Judde, Richard, merchant in Russia

(1555) "• 291.

Judde, Sir Andrew, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307, 362,
392 ; joint owner of the Primrose
and the John Evangelist (1557)
378, 392 ; and the discovery of
Cathay (1553) iii. 331; and the
elephant's head, vi. 164.

Judea, see Judsea.

Judeo, castle, in Rhodes (1522) v.

15-

Judeo, Point del, in Cartagena har-
bour, mentioned in the Ruttier, x.
290.

Judge, dignity of third estate in
Japan, vi. 330.

Judges, Russian, 11. 263 ; Turkish,
and English and Turkish mer-
chants' controversies (1580) v. 187.

282

INDEX

Judith, the, of London, Romadan
Pasha and (1584) v. 281.

Judith, the, of Captain Frobisher's
third voyage to Meta Incognita
(1578) VII. 233, 238; lieutenant-
general. Edward Fenton, captain
of (1578) 322; missing, 329.

Judith, the, of Sir John Hawkins'
fleet (1567) IX. 398, 445 ; escape of,
in the fight with the Spaniards
and S. Juan d'Ulloa (1568) ix.
407, X. 72; at Sierra Leone (1568)
447 ; at Riohacha, 449 ; Sir
Francis Drake in, in S. Juan
d'Ulloa (1568) 454, XII. 48, 50.

Juell, the. of Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1595) X. 227.

Jug, see Yug.

Jugman, master of the George (1580)

III. 291.

Jugoria, or Yuhra, see Ugoria.

Jugures, the, i. 285-291.

Julian and the heresy of Pelagius.

IV. 277.

Juliers, Earl of, against Russian

infidels (1262) 11. 3.
Jumanos Indians, description of, and

Antonio de Espejo's expedition

(1582) IX. 190.

Jumna, Ralph Fitch on the river

(1583) V. 475; tributary of the
Ganges, 476.

Junan, see Yunnan.

Juncales, Los, mentioned in Rut-
tier for river Plate, xi. 99.

Junco, a Moorish bark, vi. 394.

Jungingen, Conrad de, twenty-
second master of the Dutch
knights, II. 7, 25, 27, 36, 37, 38.
41, 47, 83, 87, 91.

Jungingen, Ulricus de, twenty-third
master of the Dutch knights (1407)

". 7, 91. 95. 98.
Junkseylon, kingdom of, latitude, vi.
399; Ralph Fitch near (c. 1583)

V. 498.

Junsalaom, see Junkseylon.
Jupiter's statue, by Phidias, v. 119.
Juramentum, see Oath.
Jurassus Mountain, oil fountain in,

IV. 38, 133.
Jury, Jewry, see Ghetto.
Jury in merchants' trials, Edward

I.'s charter, i. 335.

Justice in Eire or Itinerant, i. 44;
speedy, Edward I.'s charter on,
336, 355 ; to merchants in Prussia,
II. 54; in Russia, administration
of, 233-235, 411.

Justiciars, twelve chosen by William
Obray, governor, 11. 151, 157.

Justine, lib. 4, on Sicilia and Cala-
bria, VII. 161.

Justinian, Emperor, King of the
Franks' embassy to, iv. 278.

Justus, Bishop, I. 309.

Jutland, and Octher, i. 14.

Kadac, principal agent for Kaiuk's

empire, i. 176.
Kaermarthen, see Carmarthen.
Kaffraria, on the coast of Ethiopia,

V. 444.
Kait Castle, subject to Saramet

Sultan, II. 465.
Kaiuk, Oktai's son, i. 73, 74, 88,

150 ; papal legates at his court,

165, 169, 173 ; his coronation, 171;

character, 172 ; seal, 173 ; dislike

of Christianity, 173 ; defies the

western countries, 176.
Kalor, kingdom of, gourds or

pompions in the, iv. 435.
Kama, river, 11. 452.
Kameni Carawool or watch, 120

versts froni Peravolok, iii. 217.
Kampen, restitution of losses de-
manded from England by, 11. 36.
Kangittae, see Cangle, people of.
Kanutus, see Canute.
Kapei Mountains, in Kalor, iv. 435.
Kara-Kalmucks, nation of Cathay,

III. 456; land of, II. 458.
Kara-Catay, see Cathay.
Kara Kithay, see Cathay.
Kara Kytai, see Cathay.
Karamania, v. 129 ; Turkish soldiers

from, at the siege of Famagusta,

148; Pasha of, 148, 152; in the

Hungarian-Turkish war, vi. 104;

Beglerbeg of, his pay, 61 ; his

retinue, 67.
Kara moron, see Hwang-ho.
Karanites, and Jenghiz Khan, i. 70,

86, 144.
Kara Reca, iii. 120; in Ugoria,

435-

283

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Karavitae, see Karanites.

Karavoran river, see Hwang-ho.

Kardife, see Cardiff.

Karelia, King Arthur at, i. 6; in-
habited by Kerilli or Karelians, ii.
346; iron at, ni. 369.

Karsies, see Kerseys.

Katherine, Regent of Castile and
Madeira (1417) vi. 120.

Kazan, Emperor of the East Tartars,
Pachymerius on, in. 398.

Kazan, subdued by Russia, 11. 190;
by Tartars, 451; latitude, 479;
three princes formerly emperors
of, at the Russian court, 420, 427,
450, 451 ; Anthony Jenkinson at,
II. 478, III. 36, 196 ; inferiority of
goods made in, 66; Moscow to,
69; English trade in, 93, 95, 109;
English merchants at, 156 (1579)
215; customs at, and English
merchants, iii, 112, 182, 190;
spice market at, 140 ; Geoffrey
Ducket at, 154 ; William Turnbull
at, 246; garrison of, 337; king-
dom of, conquered by Russia, 359,
387; best martens found in, 365;
city of, 370 ; strong town of
Russia, 373 ; province of. Friar
Odoric in, iv. 436.

Kazanka reca, at Kazan, 11. 451.

Kazvin, iii. 23; Sophi's court at,
26 ; Anthony Jenkinson leaves, 32 ;
chief city of Persia, 35 ; Thomas
Alcock at, 41 ; Arthur Edwards at,
52, 54. 59. 137. 143 ; from Ormuz
to, six weeks' travel, 58; five days'
journey to Gilan, 61 ; English
trade in, 109; English mer-
chants in, 117; Shah Thomas' re-
ception of Thomas Banister in,
152 ; residence of the Shah, 158.

Keats, XII. 107, 118.

Kedilwike Chapel, Stephen Borough
at, II. 325.

Keele, John, captain of a ship, v.
218, 219.

Keezeyur, carawool or watch, fifty
versts from Ichkebre, iii. 217.

Kegor, II. 416; Stephen Borough
and (1557) 371, 372, 374, 375;
Dutch trade in, 373; S. Nicholas
to. III. 69; William Borough on,
203 ; market at, 205 ; Charles

Jackman at (1580) 284; Arthur

Pet at, 299 ; Lapp fishing at, 404.
Kelborne, Edward, death of, in

Roanoke (1590) viii. 416.
Kelly, Edward, in Virginia (1585)

viii. 318; death of (1590) 416.
Kelly, John, of the Sunshine of

London (1585) vii. 382.
Kelly, Richard, of the Command, at

Porto d'AUy, vii. 94; treachery

of, VII. 95.
Kemme, Richard, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 402.
Kempe, William, on the Edward

Bonaventure (1553) 11. 213.
Kenchat, arrival of Rubruquis at, i.

282.
Kendal, captain of the bark Dennis

(1578) VII. 322.
Kendal, Abraham, master of the

Merchant Royal (1591) vi. 390;

and John Segar (c. 1593) 402.
Kendall, Abraham, ship's master of

Sir Francis Drake, left with Ralph

Lane in Virginia (1586) viii. 317,

344-
Kendall, Abraham, master of Sir

Robert Dudley's ship, the Bear

(1595) X. 205.
Kendall, Abraham, on the Saker,

death of (1596) x. 241,
Kene Island, Arthur Pet at (1580)

III. 282.
Kenel of Limehouse, captain of the

Cantar of Weymouth (1592) x.

193-
Kenitsma, salt pits in, iii. 368.
Ken-Khan and the Christians, i. 266,

267; the King of France's mes-
sengers and, 273.
Kenrick's or Kindriker's Mount, in

Roanoke Island, viii. 414, 419.
Kent, I. 8 ; bailiff of, King John and,

320.
Kerbie, Thomas, quartermaster on

the Bona Confldentia (1553) ii.

214.
Kergis, see Kirghiz.
Kerilli, see Karelians.
Keril's brother, and the Muscovy

Company, 11. 394.
Kerils, see Karelians.
Kerkis, see Kirghiz.
Kerpen, Otto of, second master of

[84

INDEX

the Hospitallers of Jerusalem
(1200) II. I.

Kerry, John, master of the Lion
(1552) VI. 138.

Kerseys, customs on (1407) 11. 75;
sale of, 409, 463, 471, 473, 478;
for Persian markets, iii. 10, 12,
45 ; sale of, 17, 50 ; red coloured,
55, 66; good quality of, 61; for
export, 90; bartered at Ardouil,
137; at Tiflis, 138; bought by the
Shah of Persia, 152 ; customs on,
imposed by the Pasha of Derbent,
230; English, for Levant trade,
V. 62; sale in Chios (1569) 113,
116; sale of, abroad (1582) 230,
238; sold in Cairo (1584) 273;
sold in the Canaries, xi. 27,

Kersis, see Kirghiz.

Kersova, St. Clement's martyrdom
in, I. 230; castles near, 233.

Keselbach, or Jeselbach, iii. 42.

Keshan, in. 35, 51.

Ketcheman, Edward, in Virginia
(1585) VIII. 318.

Ketenensis, see Robert de Ketene.

Ketillus or Catullus, second bishop
of Holen, in Iceland (1122) iv. 54,
152.

Kettell, Edward, in Virginia (1585)
viTi. 318.

Kettelwicke Island, 11. 416.

Kever, Edward, merchant on the
Bona Confldentia (1553) ii. 214.

Keyes, John, condemned to galleys
by Inquisition in Mexico (1575) ix.
428.

Keymis, Lawrence (d. 1618), captain
of a galego, his arrival to join Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 353; of
Sir Walter Raleigh's expedition
up the Capuri river (1595) 380;
sent to Cumaca river by Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) 417-421;
second voyage to Guiana by
(1596) 441-501 ; his dedication
to Thomas Hariot (1595) 4.51;
Cape Cecil named by, 454;
rivers mentioned by, 454 ; Howard
Port named by, 458 ; rivers sighted
by, 459; at Topiawari's Port, 466;
Carapana's envoy and, 471 f.,
475 ; urging England to the con-
quest of Guiana (1596) 481.

Khan, Great, of Cathay, iii. 410;
in Caido (1330) iv. 430; at
Pekin, 441 ; his court, magnifi-
cence, hunting, 431-433-

Kholmogory, fur market in, 11. 225.
262 f., 276; William, Muscovy
Company's cook, drowned at, 291 ;
English merchants' headquarters
at, 294, 320; Stephen Borough,
344, 362, 372, 375, 390; goods
stolen at (1557) 389; Henry Lane,
agent at, 392 ; tar and rope works
at, 393 ; Anthony Jenkinson at,
418, 479; Osep Napea at, 425;
latitude of, 479; English house
allowed the Muscovy Company at,
III. 13, 247, 351, 443'; Anthony Jen-
kinson at,iii.38,i7i,i85,i94; from
S. Nicholas Bay to, 68, 73 ; wares
from, 80; English trade in, 93,
95, 109; English trade in, restricted
to the Muscovy Company, 97 ; de-
scription of, 103 ; arrival of the
Searchthrift at '(1556) 122; Mus-
covy Company seek a market at
(1572) 182; sixth Persian expedi-
tion of Muscovy Company leaves
(1579) 215; Sir Jerome Bowes at
(1583) 316; the Dvina at, 406.

Khorassan, province of Persia, iii
35 ; conquered by the Sultan, 11
462.

Kiang-si, sixth shire in China, vi
296, 350 ; porcelain made in, 356

Kidgil, Henry, captain of the Virgin
(1591) X. 184.

Kiev, metropolis of Russia,
76, 160; John de Piano Carpini
in, 94; Tartars in, 152; papal
legates guided to, 179; residence
of Vladimir Monomachos, 11. 185.

Kildina Island, or Cape Comfort,
and Stephen Borough (1557) 11.

371-

Killegrew, William, Sir Francis
Godolphin's account of Sir Richard
Grenville's death, sent to (1591)
VII. 44.

Killegrue, see Killegrew.

Killingworth, George, and Queen
Mary's letters (1555) n. 280; agent
for the Muscovy Company, 281,
384, III. 332 ; letter of, on the
second voyage (1555) 11. 291 ; letter

28s

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

to (1557) 379. 39? ; Sir Hugh Wil-
loughby's remains sent to Eng-
land by (1555) III. 333.

Kinderslye, see Kinersley.

Kindry, meaning of, iii. 340.

Kinersley, Matthew, captain of the
Michael (1576) vii. 204, (1578) 233,
322; on board the Aid (1577)
285.

King, master of the Lion's Whelp,
sent to Amana river by Sir Walter
Raleigh (1595) x. 378.

King, William, of the expedition to
Guinea (1556) vi. 211.

King, William, master of the Con-
tent (1591) X. 183; voyage of, to
Mexico Bay (1592) 190-193.

King Road, near Bristol, vi. 138.

Kingman, William, of the Desire,
killed by Indians (1587) xi. 306.

Kingsnod, Roger, pilot of the Dog,
killed by the Spanish (1589) x.

.^57.

King's Lynn, Norfolk, ships from,
in Edward lll.'s fleet, i. 299; and
the Iceland trade, 303 f. ; and the
customs, 355 ; ships and merchants
from (1394) II. 67, 69-71; restitu-
tion of losses demanded by Ham-
burg from, 35, 36.

King's ships in Edward III.'s fleet,
I. 297.

Kingston upon Hull, see Hull.

Kington, John, ambassador to
Prussia, 11. 27, 28, 30, 47, 55, 59,
79, 84, 85, 87, 91, 98, 106.

Kingtse, viii. 129.

Kinnersley, see Kinersley.

Kinstut, King of the Lithuanians,
prisoner of the Dutch knights, 11.
6 f.

Kio, ruler in South Russia, iii. 357.

Kiov, see Kiev.

Kiow, see Kiev.

Kire, John, and William Towerson
(1557) VI. 223.

Kirghiz, the land of, i. 72, 77, 86,
242 ; Jenghiz Khan and, 148 ;
Oktai Khan and, 153 ; and the
Tartars, 261 ; and Sartach, 269.

Kiriach, Morsey, nephew of the Em-
peror of Grim Tartars, iii. 395.

Kirkwall, chief town of Orkney, vii.
287.

Kisel Pashas, aristocracy of Persia,
III. 235.

Kitchin, Alexander, his voyage to
Persia (1565) iii, 44, 46; death of,
48.

Kitchin, Rainold, unlicensed Eng-
lish merchant in Russia, in. 426,

433-

Kithai, see Cathay.

Kittay, see Gathay.

Kitthay, see Cathay.

Klaingus, fifth bishop of Schalholt,
in Iceland (1152) iv. 54, 153.

Knesvolt, Thederic, secretary of the
Hanse league, 11, 55, 59.

Knevett, Sir Henry, i. xxi. ; am-
bassador to Charles V. (1541) v.

Knight, Nicholas, ship's carpenter
on the Bona Confidentia (1553) 11.
214.

Knightlingsea, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I. 299.

Knights of Rhodes, Order of the, v.
1-60; mustered in aulberge, 11,

Knights' service in Capite, iii. 87.

Knolles, Captain Francif, rear-
admiral in the galleon Leicester
(1585) X. 98.

Knolles, Henry, in Charles V. 's ex-
pedition to Algiers (1541) v. 71.

Knoppenrodt, Winricus a, nineteenth
master of the Dutch knights, 11.
6.

Kola, river, Stephen Borough on
(1556) II. 326; latitude of, 327;
salmon-fishing in, 374 ; English
trade in, restricted to Muscovy
Company, in. 97, 116, 203-209;
William Borough on, 203 ; Lapp
fishing at, 404; opened to French
merchants, 470.

Kolguev Island, in. 19 ; Stephen
Borough off (1556) II. 343, III. 262 ;
to Vaigach, distance from, shoals
off, 297; Oliver at, 455.

Konigsberg in Prussia, Prince of
Prussia's stronghold, 11, 3, 10; Sir
Jerome Horsey at (1584) in. 345.

Koningsburgh, see Konigsberg.

Koran (Alcoran, Alcaron) 11. 183, v.

345' 365-
Korea, three testimonies concerning,
XI. 422-441 ; distance from Pekin,

286

INDEX

423; Japanese fleet at (1591) 431;
kingdom of, tributary to China,
426; conquered by Augustine
Eucunocamindono, 431; descrip-
tion, 432 ; disorders in, 437; King
of, his flight from Augustine
Eucunocamindono, 434.

Korone, John Locke at (1553) v. 84,
loi ; oil trade in, 114.

Kosan in Pretegoani, Friar Odoric
in (1330) IV. 436.

Kostromo, Moscow to, iii. 69 ; Eng-
lish trade in, 95.

Koumiss, I. 67, 238 f., 246, 340; a
drink in Eastland, 16 ; in Tartary,
I37> 17O' 176; a tribute to Tar-
tars, 241 ; given to Rubriquis, 250;
forbidden to Christians, 252, 254;
drink in Bokhara, 11. 170 ; Nag-
ayan Tartars' drink, 453, 464; A.
Jenkinson drinks, 460, 461.

Krantzius, Albertus, ' History of
Norway ' by, 11, 68 ; description of
Iceland, iv. 15, 41, 46, 104, 137.

Krio, Cape, Turkish galleys pass
(1522) V. 15.

* Kubla Khan,' by Coleridge, xii.
106.

Kublai or Kubla Khan's Court, de-
scribed by Friar Odoric, iv. 429-
433 ; described by Marco Polo
and Odoric, xii. 13.

Kuchenmeister, Michael, twenty-
fifth master of the Dutch knights,

II. 8.

Kuhena, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

326.
Kulvio, river and lake, iii. 406.
Kunigsberg, see Konigsberg.
Kijr, river in Hircania or Shirvan,

III. 25.

Kurna Castle, at the meeting point

of Euphrates and Tigris, v. 371.
Kurbski, Simeon Feodorowich, his

account of northern regions, iii.

411.
Kvass, national drink in Russia, 11.

238, 273, III. 415.
Kwang-si, eighth shire of China, vi.

296,
Kwei-chou, inland province of China,

IV. 350, XI. 379.

Kyoto, residence of the King of
Japan, vi. 331, 335 ; Caspar Vilela

at, 332; Aloisius Froes at, 346;

city in Japan, xi. 423; Quaba-

condono at (1591) 429; meaning of

name, 435.
Kyrway, see Kirkwall.
Kythay, see Cathay.

Laaland, Wolstan and, i. 15.

Laban, see Labuan.

Labera, John de, of S. F^ de Bogota,
letter from, to Alonso Sapata de
Henao (1590) x. 174.

Labourers, use of, in new countries,
X. 56.

Labrador, Cape, vii. 210; Sebastian
Cabot (1497) 153; sea currents,
167, 168, 169 ; Captain Martin
Frobisher sights land supposed to
be (1576) 207; and Newfoundland
(1578) VIII. 14; Terra de, in
x^merica, 450.

Labrodor, see Labrador.

Labuan, one of the Java Islands,
diamonds in, v. 499.

La Caille, Francis, sergeant of Cap-
tain Laudonniere, and King
Molona (1564) ix. 23; and Sir
John Hawkins' ship, 80.

La Canela, Gonsalo Pizarro at, xi.
241.

Laccha, found in Pegu and Balag-.
hat, VI. 26.

Laches or Polaches, Poles called, iii.

389-
Lachimi river, ix. 147.
Lacie, see Lacy.
Lacquer, used in Persian dyes, iii.

251-
La Croix, conspiracy of, against

Captain Laudonniere (1564) x. 39;

ensign of mutineers, 42.
Lactantius, Flavius Constantine, iv.

Lacy, Edward, in Sir John Hawkins'
voyage to Florida (1565) x. 63.

Lacy, Henry de, third Earl of Lin-
coln, witness of Edward I.'s great
charter, i. 338.

Lacy, Hugh de, first Earl of Ulster,
subdues Ulster (1204) i. 33.

Lacy, James, in Virginia (1585) viil.
318.

Lacy, John, his voyage to Jerusalem
(i"i73) IV. 310.

187

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Lacy, Walter de, in Ulster, i. 34.
Ladd, John, gunner, his prizes (1586)

VI. 437-
Ladenum, see Laudanum.
Lading ships, order of, 11. 317 f., 388.
Ladiskaie, see Ladoga.
Ladiski, Vologda to, iii. 69.
Ladoga, lake of, iii. 79; town and

lake, 79, 81.
Ladrones Islands, Isla del Enganno,

one of, IX. 326; products of, xi.

327; description of the inhabitants

of, 328; Thomas Cavendish at,

369-

Lady of Holland, Our, Anthony Jen-
kinson at, 11. 413.

Lady's Church, Our, or Nuestra
Sefiora de Guadalupe, near
Mexico, IX. 419.

Lady's Hospital, Our, in Mexico,
Anthony Godard at (1568) ix. 420.

Lagarto, see Crocodile.

Lagman, son of Godred Crovan, i.
26 f.

Lagman, son of Olaf, King of
Man, I. 30.

Lagoa, see Lagos.

Lago Grande, distance from Negroes
Island, XI. 364; Thomas Caven-
dish at, 370 ; anchorage, 373.

Lagos, town in Guinea, vi. 228.

Lagos, Rio de, French ship at, vi.
240; James Welsh at (1589) 453;
the Richard of Arundel at (1590)
464.

Lagova, see Lagos.

La Grange, and the accusations
against Captain Laudonniere
(1565) IX. 86; his advice on the
Spanish ships in Florida (1565) x.
90 ; servant of, in Florida, 93.

Lagrita, in Granada, x. 363.

Lagua, Laguoa, see Lagos.

Laguna, in Teneriffe, seat of the
governor of the island, vi. 131;
Robert Tomson at (1555) ix. 341.

Laguna, in Hispaniola, Captain
Lancaster at (1593) x. 199; Cap-
tain de la Barbotiere leaves, 200 ;
town and bay. Sir Amyas de Pres-
ton at (1595) 225.

Laguna, la, or haven of Biaza, men-
tioned in Ruttier for Brazil, xi.
84, 96.

Lahore, John Newbery's journey to

(1585) V. 474; spikenard found in,

VI. 25.
Laighon, Laurence Chapman at

(1568) III. 141.
Lake, great, above the falls of the

Saguenay river, viii. 272; great,

in China, xi. 380.
Lakenswither, Henry, of York and

Prussian pirates, 11. 62.
Lakes, John, master of the Moon

(1578) VII. 351.
Lakes, Russian, in. 362 ; in New-
foundland, VIII. 13, 59; discovered

by Jacques Cartier (1535) 245 ; in

Florida, 426.
Lakingay, John, of Lynn, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 69, 70.
Lakinglich, John, see Lakingay.
Lamb, Charles, and the English

drama, xii. 94.
Lambarde, William (d. 1618) i. 43;

his * Archaionomia ' (1568) li. 5 ;

his * Perambulation of Kent *

(1570) Ivi.
Lambart or Lambert, Nicholas, in

Benin (1553) vi. 148, 151.
Lambert, Francis, and the Chios

trade, v. 115.
Lambert, Francis, and the second

voyage to Barbary (1552) vi. 138.
Lambert, Sir Oliver, knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.
Lambolt, Henry, and the English

ship, II. 69.
Lammori, customs of the people of,

IV. 416.
La Mocha, see Mocha.
Lampadola, island of Tunis, vi. 143.
Lampas, 11. 394; walrus teeth

market, 225, 263 ; fur trade in,

276 ; fair to barter wares, 346 ;

Richard Gray at (1558) 396; Khol-

mogory to, iii. 70.
Lampedo, Queen of the Amazons, x.

367-

Lancaster, Henry, Duke of, see
Henry IV.

Lancaster, Sir James, his voyage to
the East Indies, i. Ixxi, (1591-
1594) yi. 387. 407. X. 194, XII. 67 ;
Captain of the Edward Bonaven-
tiire (1591) V. 390; in Malacca
(1592) 396; ship captured by, 398;
88

INDEX

in Mona Island (1593) 405 ; on the
Luisa of Dieppe (1593) vi. 406; on
the ship of John la Noe of Dieppe
(1593) 407; meets Captain de la
Barbotiere, x. 198; voyage of, to
Brazil (1594) xi. 43-64; at the
siege of Pernambuco (1595) 51 ; his
opinion of Portuguese, 55 ; fight
of the Portuguese with (1595) 56;
leaves Pernambuco (1595) 62.

Lancerot, Lancerota, see Lanzarote.

Lanchin, King of China's residence
(1567) V. 406.

Lanciano, Joseph of, captain, made
slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.

Lanczut, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
326.

Land, signs of, vi. 384.

Land, Holy, see Jerusalem.

Landeck, meeting place of Charles
V. and Ferdinand, v. 321.

Landehum in Iceland, iv. 48, 145.

Landfang at a salt house, 11. 364,

367-
Landman, David, master's mate in

the Lion (1552) vi. 138.
Landret, the, return of Miles Phillips

in (1582) IX. 445.
Lands, maps of newly discovered,

III. 260; descriptions of, 261.
Landsberg, in Bavaria, v. 321.
Land's End, Captain Frobisher

near (1578) vii. 242.
Lane, Augustine, member of the

Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,

^120 f.
Lane, Captain, general of Watt's

fleet, and William King (1592) x.

193-

Lane, Colonel, his regiment at tak-
ing of Puente de Burgos (1589) vi.
492; march to Lisbon, 497;
at the taking of Lisbon, 501.

Lane, Henry, merchant in Russia
(1555) II- 291 ; Muscovy Company
and, 379, 380; agent to the Mus-
covy Company (1557) 384, 386; at
Kholmogory, 392 ; letter from
Anthony Jenkinson to, 400 ; letter
from the Muscovy Company to,
401 ; his return to England, 409 ;
on Russian justice, 411; letter of,
to Richard Hakluyt, iii. 98-100; at
Antwerp and Amsterdam, 100;

Richard Uscombe to, 169; to
William Sanderson (1583) 220-336.

Lane, Michael, leaves Astrakhan
(1581) III. 245; unlicensed English
merchant in Russia, 426.

Lane, Ralph, of Sir Richard Gren-
ville's voyage to Virginia (1585)
VIII. 310; at Roxo Bay, 313; Sir
Richard Grenville and, 316 ; gover-
nor of Virginia, 317, xii. 41 ; Eng-
lishmen left in Virginia with, VIII.
317 f. ; letter to Richard Hakluyt,
319; account of the English left
in Virginia with (1585-86) 320-
345 ; Menatonon and, about pearls,
324 ; conspiracy against the life of,
338; Sir Francis Drake's letter
to, 342 ; and help, 343, x. 132 ; re-
turn with Sir Francis Drake (1586)
VIII. 345, X. 133.

Lane, William, and the Spanish gal-
leys (1590) VIII. 409; his prize off
Cape Tiburon, 410.

Langa, habits of the people of, i.
291 f.

Langeiannes, see Jangomes.

Langeland, Wolstan and, i. 15.

Langley, Edward de. Earl of Cam-
bridge, and the King of Armenia
(1386) IV. 445.

Langlie, Thomas, merchant, on
Cabot's intended voyage (1553) 11.
206 ; on the Bona Confidentia

(1553) 214.
Lango, Isle of, one hundred miles

from Rhodes, v. 8 ; Turkish army

at, 14; Hippocrates' birth-place,

VI. 107.
Langro, Laurence Chapman at

(1568) III. 141.
Langston, John, of the Desire, killed

by Indians (1587) xi. 306.
Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of

Canterbury (d. 1228) i. 49.
Languages, root of the Turkish and

Comanian, i. 291 ; Portuguese,

necessary for English merchants,

III. 52 ; similarity between Tartar

and Turkish, 399.
Languyn, province in China, xi.

379-
Langworth, Peter, master's mate of

the Marigold (1593) viii. 157.
Lano Harbour, near Cape Laurence,

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Charles Leigh landed at (1597)
vin. 181.

La Noe, John, of Dieppe (1594) vi.
407.

Lanzarota, one of the Canaries, be-
longs to Don Augustine de Her-
rera, vi. 133, 178; latitude of, 134;
the Lion at (1552) 139; Sir Richard
Grenville at (1585) vin. 310;
William King at (1592) x. 190;
mentioned in the Ruttier, 281 ;
taken by the Turks (1586) xi. 204.

Laonicus, Chalcacondylas, ' Turkish
History ' by, in. 397, 398.

Laoynes, a people in Pekin, vi. 323 ;
country of the, near China, vi.

324-

Lapina, Ostrovo to, iii. 81.

Lapis lazuli, found in Persia and
Germany, vi. 27.

Lapland, 11. 345, 416, iii. 460, 461 ;
King Arthur and, i. 6 ; Sir Hugh
Willoughby and, 11. 212, 224; his
death in (1553) 212, xii. 22;
Anthony Jenkinson in, iii. 196;
English trade to be established in
(1575) III. 197; tribute to Den-
mark, 204; to Sweden, 205;
William Borough at the discovery
c»f (1557) 210; geographical de-
scription of, 403.

Laplanders, subjects to the Emperor
of Russia, II. 252, 345; Stephen
Borough and (1557) 368; fishing
trade of the, 374; untrustworthi-
ness of the, 375 ; fishers and
hunters, 417; Giles Fletcher on,
III. 403-405.

Lappia, see Lapland.

Lappians, see Laplanders.

Lara, Don Diego Ordonez de, of
Salamanca, lieutenant of the
governor of Popayan (1590) x.
174.

Laras, Pasha of, in the Hungarian-
Turkish war (1594) VI. 104.

Larbe, language of Morocco, vi.
288.

Large, Roger, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Larine, money of Bussorah, vi. 12 ;
of Ormuz, 14; of Goa, 19; of
Malacca, 22.

La Roche, see Roberval.

La Roche Ferriere, sent to King
Utina by Captain Laudonniere, x.

37-

La Roquette, conspiracy of, against
Captain Laudonniere (1564) x. 35.

Larotava in Teneriffe, vi. 130, 131.

Las Casas, Bartholomew de, Span-
ish bishop in the West Indies, vii.
52 ; ' Spanish Cruelties ' by, 53 ;
work of, in Spanish Indies, xii.

34-
Lasie, James, settler in Virginia

(1587) vm. 403.
Lassaija, retinue of the Beglerbeg

of, VI. 67.
Lassie, William, cook's mate on the

Bona Confidentia (1553) 11. 214.
Lasso, Rodorigo de, prisoner in Ire-
land (1588) IV. 232.
Latham, Randall, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.
L<atherelio, captain of the ships of

Chili in Strait of Magellan, xi.

259-

Latin spoken in Frisland (c. 1380)
VII. 447, 455. ^

Latitude, English discoverers ad-
vised to note the (1588) iii. 122,
260.

Latitudes, Robert Thorne on, 11.
167 ; of certain principal places in
Russia and other regions, 479 ;
taken by Captain Frobisher (1577)
VII. 316.

Latma Castle, near Alexandria, v.

333-

Latton found in China, vi. 26.

Lauandote, Adam de, pilot of the
Maria of S. Vincent (1597) vm.
174.

Laudanum, found in Cyprus and
Crete, vi. 27.

Laude, Monte de, xi. 79.

Laudonniere, Captain Ren6, relation
of voyages by, vm. 439; and
Admiral de Chatillon (1587) 440;
preface by, 446 ; description of
Florida by, 448 ; and the Indian
language, 466 ; and Captain Salles
in Florida (1587) 471; his second
voyage to Florida (1564) ix. i-
100 ; lands in Florida, 5 ; his plan
of settling in Florida, 14 ; in Vale
of Laudonniere, ix. 16 ; Fort Caro-

290

INDEX

line built in, 17; and King Sat-
OLirioua (1564) 26, 52; damage
caused by lightning, 31; con-
spiracy of La Roquette and Le
Genre against, 35 ; illness of (1564)
36, 88 ; La Roche Ferriere sent to
King Utina by, 37 ; second illness
of, and mutiny in Fort Caroline
(1564) 41 ; prisoner of the muti-
neers, 42 ; speech by, 46 ; his treat-
ment of mutineers, 47; portrait of,
48; King Audusta and (1565)
53 ; and the widow of King
Hiocaia, 53 ; and King Utina, 55,
64 ; distressed for food in Fort
Caroline (1565) 59; finds food at
Enecaque (1565) 67 ; and the libera-
tion of King Utina, 69; his regret
at forsaking Florida (1565) 76; and
Sir John Hawkins' ship (1565) 80;
slander against, 83 ; his meeting
with Captain Ribault, 84 ; accusa-
tions against, and his answer to
them (1565) 86; men left with, by
Captain Ribault 93 ; escape of,
from the Spaniards (1565) 95;
rescued in the Greyhound, 97;
leaves Fort Caroline (1565) 97; in
S. George's Channel, 98; in Wales
and England (1565) 99; in France,
99 ; his reception of Sir John
Hawkins at the French Fort (1565)
X. 53 ; kindness of Sir John
Hawkins to (1565) 55 ; his account
of Florida, translated by Hakluyt
(1587) XII. 87.

Laurence, the elect of Man, i. 39.

Laurence, eleventh bishop of Holen,
in Iceland (1324) iv. 55, 154.

Laurence, Captain, captures Stephen
Van Herwick and the Hopewell
(1597) viii. 177.

Laurence, Margaret, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 403.

Laurence, Nicholas, mariner of the
Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.
214.

Laurence, Simon, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 88.

Laurence, Thomas, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 75, 78.

Laurence, Cape, Charles Leigh at
(1597) VIII. 182.

Lautiscia, see Massovia.

Lavanderas river, near Panama, x.

149.
Lavers, trade of, in Guinea (1577)

VI. 252.
Lavon, wife of Olaf, son of Godred,

I- 35-

Lawrence, Simon, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Laws, Saxon, for the advancement
of merchants, i. 312; English,
and the Muscovy Company, 11.
311 ; administered to the Muscovy
Company in Russia, iii. 96, 353 ;
severity of Persian, 161 ; Russian,
in time of plague, 172 ; unwritten,
of the Tartars, 401 ; of the Sapies,
X. 19 f. ; of Corea, xi. 433 ; of
Japan, 439.

Layes, John, distress of, at Port De-
sire (1592) XI. 399.

Layland, see Laaland.

Leach, James, master of the Em-
manuel of Bridgwater, in Captain
Frobisher's third voyage to Meta
Incognita (1578) vil. 243.

Lead, mine of black, discovered by
Captain Frobisher (1577) vii. 296;
mines of, in New Spain, ix.
388.

League, between England and Prus-
sia, projected (1408) 11. 97; be-
tween Russia and England, dis-
cussion of (1583) III. 467-483;
commercial, between England and
Turkey (1580) v. 178, 183, 226;
Turkish, against English ships in
the Levant (1583) 264.

Leaguers, French, Spanish help to,
against the King of Navarre
(1590) VII. 75.

Leake, member of the Muscovy
Committee, and Captain Carleill
{1583) VIII. 147.

Leate, Nicholas, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 76, 78.

Leather, Russian, bought by Lithuan-
ians and Germans, 11. 383 ; Per-
sian, used in Russia, iii. 417;
Spanish, made in New Spain
(1572) IX. 393.

Leauguave, in the Antilles, Spanish
possession, ix. 42.

Lebanon, Mount, Tripoli at the foot

291

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

of, VI. I ; Sidon at the foot of,
loS.

Lech, money of Ormuz, vi. 14.

Leche, Roger, English merchant in
Lapland (1575) m. 197. 198.

Leckar, see Lacquer.

Lede, see Lydd.

Ledet, Wiscard, voyage to Syria
(1240) IV. 352.

Ledger of Nicolas Thorne, mer-
chant, of Bristol (c. 1526) X. 6.

Ledgers compiled by Hakluyt, v.

63-
Ledovo Island, conquered by

Zichmni (c. 1380) vii. 448;

Zichmni's fleet at, 458.
Lee, Francis, powder-maker to the

Queen (1568) ix. 445.
Lee, John, on board the Aid (1577)

VII. 285.
Lee, Willoughby's fleet at, 11. 217.
Leech, William, discoveries of, vi.

77-
Leedes or Leades, William, jeweller,

vovage to East India (1583) v.

465 ; in Fatehpur, 475.
Le Genevois, Stephen, conspiracy

against Captain Laudonniere

(1564) X. 39.
Le Genre, accomplice ot La

Roquette's conspiracy against

Captain Laudonniere (1564) x.

35.
Leger, or log-book, to be used in

navigation, 11. 197.
Leghorn, v. 76, 116, vii. 124.
Legmame, likeness of the ark in,

V. 345 ; Mahomet's tomb in, 362.
Legnitz, see Liegnitz.
Legorno, see Leghorn.
Leguixil or monks in Japan, vi.

331-
Leicester, Robert, Earl of, see

Dudley.

Leicester, Simon, Earl of, see Mont-
fort.

Leicester, the, of the English fleet
(1588) IV. 218.

Leicester Point, the Anne Francis
and the Moon at (1578) vii.
350.

Leicester's Island, discovered by
Captain Frobisher (1577) vii. 299.

Leiden, see Ley den.

Leigh, captain of the John of Lon-
don, XI. 10, 15.

Leigh, Charles, voyage of, to
Ramea (1593) viii. 162 ; his voyage
to Canada (1597) 166-182; and the
French ships (1597) 167; leaves
Ramea, 171 ; and the Chancewell,
172 ; exacts restitution from
Johannes de Harte, 174 ; detained
by Johannes de Harte, 175 ; leaves
Cape Breton, 176; fights with a
Belle Isle ship, 178 ; returns home
with his prize, 180.

Leigh, or Ley, Dr., English ambas-
sador to Charles V. (c. 1527) 11.
164 f., VIII. I, X. 3; quotation
from the book of Robert Thorne
to, VII. 155, XI. 91.

Leigh, Francis, merchant, lands at
Cape Verde (1567) vi. 271.

Leigh or Lee, Sir John, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Leigh, Sir Urias, knighted at Cadiz
(1596) IV. 260.

Leinster, kingdom of, in Ireland,
conquered by Strangbow, viii.
123.

Leitoan, adopted name of John
Whithall, in Brazil (1578) xi. 30.

Leiva, Alonzo de, volunteer with the
Armada (1588) iv. 203.

Leiva, Don Pedro de, general of
the Spanish fleet (1586) vi. 50; and
Richard Rowit (1586) 53.

Leman, Reginald, of Norwich, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 63.

Lemdrare river, between Cape Cecil
and Raleana river, x. 459.

Lemerare, great river, x. 494.

Lemnos, Richard Wrag near (1594)
VI. 107.

Lemond, Peter, English sailor taken
at S. Marta town by Indians
(1595) X. 236.

Le Moyne, James, map of Florida
by, engraving of, ix. 112.

Lende, Ingelram, of Thorenden, i.

349-

Lenetotes, John of, witness of Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, i. 296.

Leneyn on the Hwang-ho, Friar
Odoric in (1330) iv. 429.

Lenigo, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

;92

INDEX

Lenne or Linne, see King's Lynn.

Lent, in Russia, ii. 237, 238, 266,
393 ; time for trade, 394 ; number
of, 423 ; food during, 433 ; Turkish,
V. 340; in Egypt, vi. 44.

Leo, personage in the dialogue
about China, vi. 348-377.

Leo Africanus, on Muhaisira, v.
237; on Hubbed, 240; on Darha,
VII. 89 ; seventh book of, on Tom-
buto and Gago, 102.

Leo, Joachimus, German writer
against Iceland (1561) iv. 5, 94.

LeoduS; see Lewis,

Leoline, Roman senator, iv. 274.

Leon, in West Indies, xii. 66.

Leon, Don Pedro poure de, and the
English at Retanzas (1589) vi.

485-
Leon, Juan Ponce de, governor of

Puerto Rico, in Florida (15 12) xii.

12.
Leonard, distress of, at Port Desire

(1592) XI. 399.
Leonard of Cawe, Master Monax

and (1597) XI. II.
Leonard, Sir Henry, knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.
Leones, Puerto de los, mentioned in

the Ruttier, xi. 86.
Leopards or Ounces, in Newfound-
land, viii. 57, 59; in Florida, 451,

X. 59; in Guiana, 426.
Leophares, negroes of Cape Verde

(1564) X. 15.
Leopold, Duke of Austria, and

Richard I. (1193) iv. 335, 337;

judgment of God on, 338.
Leopolis, in Poland, William Har-

borne in (1578) v. 168 ;" Henry

Austell in (1585) 325.
Lepanto, Jews of, in debt to English

merchants (1584) v. 285; Don

John and the Turks at, vi. no.
Lepers, i. 255.

Lepin, Castle of, in Russia, iii. 408.
Lequeos Islands or Fair Islands, ix.

333 ; description of, 334.
Lesgi, or Saracens, and the Tartars,

I. 261.
Lesgi, mountains of, i. 271.
Lesson, Oliver, servant to William

and Nicholas Wilford (c. 1552) v.

69.

Lethland, Edward, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.

Letis, John, of Cley, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 65,

Letters, of Richard Hakluyt, dedi-
catory, to Sir Francis Walsing-
ham (1589) I. xvii. ; dedicatory to
Lord Charles Howard, first
volume, second edition, xxxi. ;
dedicatory to Sir Robert Cecil,
second volume, second edition,
Ixiii. ; dedicatory to Sir Robert
Cecil, third volume, second edition,
Ixxiv. ; Henry III. to Haco, King
of Norway, i. 320; Edward II. to
Haco, King of Norway, first letter,
339; second, 343; third, 344;
Conrad of Jungingen to Richard
II. of England, 11. 25; to Henry
IV. of England, 44; Chancellor of
England to Conrad of Jungingen,
38; Henry IV. of England to
Conrad of Jungingen, first letter,
41 ; second, 83 ; to Ulrich of
Jungingen, first letter, 85; second,
95 ; Werner de Tettingen to Sir
William Esturmy, 85; Ulrich of
Jungingen to Henry IV., 91; Ed-
ward IV. of England to all Kings
and Princes of the North-East,
206; Ivan Vasiliwich, Emperor of
Russia, to Edward VI. of Eng-
land, 271 ; Philip and Mary to
Ivan Vasiliwich, Emperor of Rus-
sia, II. 278, 292 ; George Killing-
worth to the Muscovy Company,
291 ; Muscovy Company to their
agents, 379; second, 401; third,
407; Thomas Hawtry to the
Muscovy Company, 292 ; Richard
Gray to Henry Lane, 394 ; Thomas
Alcock to Richard Gray and
Henry Lane, 396; Anthony Jen-
kinson to Henry Lane, 400 ; Sigis-
mund. King of Poland (1559) to
Queen Elizabeth, 485 ; Queen
Elizabeth to the Emperor of
Russia, III. I ; second, loi ; third,
422 ; to the Sophi of Persia, 6 ;
to Sir Jerome Bowes, 312; to
Boris Feodorowich, 428 ; to Murad
Khan (1579) V. 171; second (1581)
189; third (1582) 224; fourth
(1584) 311; to Alii Pasha, 228;

293

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

to Akbar (Zelabdim Echebar)
(1583) 450; to the King- of China,
451; to the Emperor of Morocco,
VI. 432 ; to the Emperor of Ethi-
opia (1597) VII. 129; to the Em-
peror of China (1596) xi. 417;
Arthur Edwards to the Muscovy
Company, iii. 54; Henry Lane to
Richard Hakluyt, 98 ; George Tur-
berville to Edward Dancie, 124; to
Spencer, 127; to Parker, 131 ; James
Alday to Michael Locke, 197 ; Ger-
ardus Mercator to Richard Hak-
luyt, 275 ; Boris Feodorowich to
Lord Burghley, 419; second, 436;
to Queen Elizabeth, 434; Lord
Burghley to Boris Feodorowich,
430; Feodor Ivanowich, Emperor
of Russia to Queen Elizabeth,
432 ; Edward Garland to John
Dee, 447; John Meyrick to the
Muscovy Company, 448 ; to Ger-
ardus Mercator, 450 ; Gudbrandus
Thorlacius concerning Iceland, iv.
194; Manuel, Emperor of Con-
stantinople, to Henry H. of Eng-
land, 312; Emperor Henry VL to
Philip, King of France, 336 ;
Henry VHL of England to John
HL of Portugal, v. 63; Caspar
Campion to William Winter, 115;
Murad Khan to Queen Elizabeth
(1579) 169; to the King of Tri-
polis, 314; Mustafa Chaus to
Queen Elizabeth (1583) 258;
William Harborne to Harvey
Millers (1583) 263; to Mustafa,
265; to Edward Barton (1584)
274; to M. Tipton, 276; to Hassan
Aga, 282 ; to Romadan Pasha,
316; Sir Edward Osborne to the
King of Algiers, 268; John New-
bery to Richard Hakluyt (1583)
452'; to Leonard Poore (1583) 453 ;
second (1583) 458; third (1584)
458; to John Eldred, 457; Ralph
Fitch to Leonard Poore, 463 ;
Sinan Pasha to Queen Elizabeth
(1590) VI. 69 ; wife of Murad Khan
to Queen Elizabeth (1594) 114;
John Lock to the Guinea mer-
chants (1561) 255; Emperor of
Morocco to the Earl of Leicester
(1587) 430; Martin Frobisher to

English captives in Meta Incog-
nita, VII. 309 ; John Davys to
William Sanderson, on his second
voyage, 407 ; on his third voyage,
423 ; Anthony Parkhurst to
Richard Hakluyt of the Middle
Temple, viii. 9 ; Stephen Par-
menius to Richard Hakluyt,
78; Sir Francis Walsingham to
Richard Hakluyt, 131 ; to Thomas
Aldworth, 132 ; Thomas Aid-
worth to Walsingham, 133 ;
Thomas James of Bristol to Lord
Burghley about Ramea, 155 ;
Jacques Noel of S. Malo to John
Groute (1587) first, 272; second,
273 ; John White to Richard
Hakluyt (1593) 404; dedicatory,
Richard Hakluyt to Sir Walter
Raleigh, 439 ; Lord Admiral of
France, to Captain Laudonniere,
IX. 85 ; Vasquez de Coronado to
the secretary of Don Antonio de
Mendoga, 116; to Don Antonio de
Mendo^a, 118; Antonio de Men-
do^a to Charles V., 121; Bar-
tholomew del Cano to Francis
Hernandez of Sevile (1590) 204;
anonymous at New Spain, about
California, 318; twelve Spanish^
intercepted by John Watts, x.
158; dedicatory. Sir Walter
Raleigh to Lord Charles Howard
and Sir Robert Cecil, 338; Sir
Walter Raleigh to the reader, 343 ;
Lawrence Keymis to the reader,
441 ; John Whithall in Brazil to
Richard Staper, xi. 26; adven-
turers of Brazil to John Whithall,
31; Francis Suarez to Diego
Suarez, 39 ; Feliciano Cieza da
Carvalho to Philip 11. of Spain,
64 ; Sir Francis Drake to John
Winter, 147 ; Spanish, taken by
Luke Warde (1582) 184; Thomas
Cavendish to Lord Hunsdon»
376.

Letters patent, see Privileges.

Letti, see Lithuania.

Lettowe, see Lithuania.

Leucander, Andrew, see Andrew
Whiteman.

Leuci Ethiopes, people of Libya, vi.
168.

194

INDEX

Leuriere, the, of Dieppe, at Cape

Verde (1557) vi. 218.
Leuriere, the, of Rouen, Jerome

Baudet, master of (1557) vi, 218.
Leuvacta, Thomas Alcock at, iii.

41-

Levant, i. Ixix. ; dang^ers of Eng-
lish trade in, by Captain Car-
leill (1583) VIII. 136; Company,
first (1579) V. 169; second
(1580) 178, 183; granted Queen
Elizabeth's privileges (1581) 192-
202 ; privileges granted by Queen
Elizabeth (1592) vi. 73-92; first,
private, 74 ; second company
(1572) 75; for twelve years, 76;
privileges restricted to (1592) vi.
83-87.

Levant Seas, Anthony Jenkinson on
the. III. 195.

Leven, Sir Richard, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Levison. Sir Richard, of the Cadiz
expedition (1596) iv. 243, 252;
knighted at Cadiz, 259.

Levnona, Kholmogory to, iii. 70.

Levontie, governor of Georgia, iii.
138.

Lewes, see Louis.

Lewfoot, see Lofoden.

Lewgues, Peter, of Hamburg, and
the Danzig ships (1577) vi.
232.

Lewike, Peter, mariner on the Bona
Confidentia (1553) 11. 214.

Lewis ab Ellerichshausen, twenty-
eighth master of the Dutch
knights, II. 9.

Lewis. John, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Lewis, Isle of, i. 27; laid waste
by Godred, i. 35 ; wreck of Span-
ish ships at (1588) IV. 231.

Lexo, Rio, latitude of, xi. 350; from,
• to Fonsecco Gulf, 362.

Ley, Dr., see Leigh.

Leyden, Spanish ship's banner dis-
played as a trophy in church of
(1588) IV. 227.^

Leyes in Armenia, i. 308.

Leymington, see Lymington.

Lezina Lsland, near Dalmatia, v.
78; John Locke near (1553) 104;
Henry Austell at (1585) 322.

Liampo, in Che-kiang, vi. 295 ; pro-
montory of, 349.

Libanus, see Lebanon.

Libau, in Courland, Sir Jerome
Horsey at (1584) iii. 345.

Libeda, Queen in South Russia, iii.

357-
' Libel of English policy, Prologue

of,' II. 114 f.
Liberty Island, English ships at

(1591) VII. 92.
Libou, see Libau.

Libourne river, in Florida, dis-
covered by Captain Ribault (1562)

VIII. 464.
Libya, vi. 144; population of, 168;

Gemma Phrygius on, vi. 167;

deserts of, 143 ; Cape Blanco in,

X. 205.
Licaonia, Iconium or Konleh, in, iv.

293-
Licence granted to Frobisher and

Davis by Queen Elizabeth (1575)

XII. 27.
Lichtenstein, Conrad of, Prussian

ambassador, 11. 47, 91.
Licoris. see Liquorice.
Liefland, see Livonia.
Liege, George of Austria, bishop of,

and maps of Canada and New-

France, in. 281.
Liegnitz, battle of, 11. 186.
Liepueres, Isle of, see Hares.
Liese, Nicholas, and Pinteado (1552)

VI.. 154-
Lifland, see Livonia.
Ligate, John, merchant, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 66.
Lighachdo, Stephen, diake of the

Emperor of Russia, and English

merchants, in. 329.
Light, William, mariner on the

Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.
Lightning, damage caused by, in

Florida (1564) ix. 31 f.
Ligier, see Ambassador.
Ligier-book, see Ledger.
Lignizt, see Liegnitz.
Lignum aloes, found in Cochin

China and Malacca, vi. 26.
Lignum de China, found in China,

VI. 26.
Lille, fortified against the Armada,

IV. 209.

29s

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Lima in Peru, bark from, captured
by John Oxenham (1575) x. 78,
XI. 230; execution of John Oxen-
ham and his sailors at, x. 80, xi.
233 ; undefended, x. 93 ; harbour
of Peru (1587) 153; Friar Alonso
in (1589) 168; ships from Panama
to (1590) 177; sacked by Sir
Francis Drake (1579) xi. 115 ; ships
sent from, under Pedro Sarmiento,
to pursue Sir Francis Drake, 265,
266 ; bay of, latitude of, 349 ; dis-
tance from Cherrepe, xi. 361.

Lima, El Callao de, in Peru, viii.

. 125 ; Nuno da Silva and Sir
Francis Drake at, xi. 142, 143;
Sir Francis Drake at, 262 ; fort
built at, 285.

Limaret, near Venta de Cruz, x.

.151-
Limasol, port in Cyprus, iv. 328;
Richard L at, 329 ; marriage of
Richard I. and Berengaria at
(1191) 330; John Locke at (1553)

V. 85, 98; city in Cyprus, 125;
gate at Famagusta, 132, 139.

Limbones, Islands de Los, descrip-
tion of, IX. 46, 331.

Lime, bark of, Sir Walter Raleigh,
owner of the (1589) vii. 6.

Lime, see Lyme.

Limehouse, in the Thames, in. 247 ;
the Richard of Arundel at (1591)

VI. 467; departure of Sir Walter
Raleigh from (1596) xi. i.

Limestone, cast out of a fiery moun-
tain in Greenland (c, 1380) vii.
452.

Limisso, see Limasol.

Limo river, tributary of the Orinoco,
X. 407.^

Limoso, island of Tunis, vi. 143.

Limpias, Pedro de, attempts to dis-
cover Guiana, slain by Cacique
Porima, x. 497.

Linacre, Dr., and the damask rose,
v. 241.

Linaker, see Linacre.

Lincoln, Henry, bishop of, and
Jungingen's ambassadors, 11. 27 f.,
.36, 38.

Lind, Thomas, bearer of Queen
Elizabeth's letters to Emperor of
Russia (1592) m. 432, 433, 434.

Lindebergius, Petrus, on the siege
of Paris (1590) iv. 83, 187.

Lindsey, Castle Somaridune in the
county of, iv. 371.

Ling, James, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Linne, see King's Lynn.

Lino, El rio del, see Flax river.

Lins, Abraham, on board the Aid
(1577) vn. 285.

Linschoten, John Huighen van,
of Enkhuizen, servant of the
Archbishop of Goa (1583) v. 460,
508 ; account of affairs at the
Azores, vii. 62-87 ; portrait of, 64 ;
quotation from, xii. 68.

Linsev, John, in Virginia (1585) viii.
318:

Linsey, John, in Laurence Keymis'
voyage to Guiana (1596) x. 454.

Linus, personage in the dialogue
about China, vi. 348-377.

Lion, Robert, and Edmund Hogan
at Azafi (1577) VI. 285.

Lion, Robert, member of the Bar-
bary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Lion, the, of the English fleet (1588)
IV. 218; of the Cadiz expedition,
IV. 247.

Lion, the, of London, voyage of, to
Morocco (1551) VI. 136, 138; and
first voyage to Guinea (1553) 145.

Lion, the, of Queen Elizabeth's fleet,
William Borough, master of (1587)
VI. 438; and the Spanish fleet at
Flores Island (1591) vii. 41.

Lion, the, of Sir Richard Grenville's
voyage to Virginia (1585) viii.
310.

Lion, the, John White's flagship, in
a storm (1587) viii. 397.

Lions, see Lyons.

Lions in New Spain, ix. 385; in
Florida, x. 59 ; in Guiana, 426.

Lion's Whelp, the. Lord Charles
Howard's ship (1595) x. 349; Cap-
tain George Gifford in (1595)

378.
Lipara Hill, iv. 26, 118.
Lippe, Tidman, i. 349.
Liquorice, abundance of, on the

shore of Samara, in Russia, 11.

454; at Oveak, iii. 216.

296

INDEX

Lisa, abbot of, Norwegian ambassa-
dor to England, i. 321 f.

Lisart, see Lizard.

Lisbon, the Armada sails from (1588)
IV. 209; John Evesham at (1586)
VI. 35 ; seat of justice for Madeira,
135; Thomas Stevens at (1579) vi.
377; English army under Drake
and Sir John Norris at (1589) 497,
502-507, XII. 64 ; Earl of Essex at
gates of (c. 1591) VII. 40; Robert
Tomson at (1553) ix. 338; Jhomas
Stukeley at, xii. 102.

Lishby, Roger, quartermaster on the
Edward Bonaventtire (1553) n.
213.

Lisle, Nicholas, captain of the Con-
tent (1591) X. 183.

L'Isle Blanche, see White Isle.

Lisney, Thomas, of the Rdbnet
(1584) V. 281.

Lissa Island, near Dalmatia, v. 78.

Lister, Christopher, south-western
voyage of, i. xxviii. ; adventures
of (1586) VI. 294; of the Earl of
Cumberland's voyage (1589) vii.

I, 5; at Fayal, 6; at Graciosa, 11;
at S. Marie's Island, 15 ; in the
Victory, 20; death of (1589) 30;
captain of the bark Clifford (1586)
XI. 202; in council, 211; plan of,
to go to the South Sea (1587) 224;
at Seal Island and the Portuguese
arms (1587) 249.

Literature, Chinese, vi. 360.

Lithuania (Lettowe) i. 307; Wol-
stan's description of, i. 15; pro-
ducts of, 16; Skirgall, King of,
vanquished by Henry, Earl of
Derby, 503 ; and the Russian
army, 11. 229 ; and Russian fron-
tier, 252 ; conquest of, by Russia,

II. 423, 438, III. 386, 387.
Lithuanians, 11. 7; Russia and the,

I. 160.
Little, Robert and Peter, settlers in

Virginia (1587) viii. 403.
Little Britain, see Brittany.
Little John, the, of John White's

voyage to Virginia (1590) viii.

406
Little John, the, of Sir Francis

Drake's fleet (1595) x. 227; loss

of, 244.

XII

Little John, the, ship of Sir x'\nthony
Sherley left to the Earl of Essex
(1596) x. 266.

Lituania, see Lithuania.

Livers, Indian money, value of, v.
440.

Livonia, Tartars and, i. 89 f. ;
Grand Master of, 305; Knights
of the Swords in, 11. 2, 6;
furs of, 34; merchants of, 49,
50, 56; wasted by Ivan Vasilo-
wic.h, 191; situation of, 193; and
Russian frontier, 252 ; ambassador
from, to Russia, 276, 399 ; con-
quest of, by Russia, 386, 387, 423,
438; John Lucke, prisoner in
(1560) 407; English trade in, iii.
93, 109; open to foreign mer-
merchants, 118.

Livorno, see Leghorn.

Livy, V. 119.

Lizard, the Tiger at (1557) vi. 231 ;
George Fenner at (1587) 283; the
Richard of Arundel at, 450, 461,
467 ; the Spanish Armada beaten
from, to Portland (1589) vii. 39.

Lizards in the Houses of Sapies, x.
20.

Lizart, see Lizard.

Llamas and their loads of silver cap-
tured by Sir Francis Drake (1579)
XI. 115; description of, 282.

Lloyd, Humphrey, vii. 134.

Loadstone, near Tabin promontory,
III. 279.

Lobell, physician, on Sesamum, v.

237-

Lobi, Earl Francis of, of Cremona,
slain at Famagusta (1571) v. 150.

Lobos, Baya de. Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 327.

Lobos Island, or Isle of Seals, near
Panuco river, x. 318, xi. 97; marks
Of, X. 319; latitude of, 334.

Lobos Island, in river Plate, xi. 94;
mentioned in Ruttier for river
Plate, 97; Robert Withrington at
(1587) 209, 249.

Lobos Islands, latitude of, xi. 359.

Lobshanga, S. Nicholas to, iii. 69.

Lobsters in Cibo harbour, viii. 174.

Lock, Michael, agent for the Mus-
covy Company (1575) iii. 197;
Caspar Campion's letter to (1569)

!97 U

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

V. 111-115, 117; James Alday's
letter to (1551) vi. 136; and Fro-
bisher's North-west voyages (1575)
XII. 27.
Locke, John, voyage of, to Jerusalem

(1553) V. 76-105. . ^ ,

Locke, John, captam of the second
voyage to Guinea (1554) vi. 154;
advice to, touching a voyage to
Guinea (1561) 253; letter to the
Guinea Company, 255-257.

Locke, John, master's mate of the
Golden Dragon, and traffic with
Indians (1591) x. 189.

Locke, Thomas, trader in the
Canaries, vi. 134; second voyage
to Guinea (1554) 154.

Locke, Sir William, mercer of Lon-
don, goods of (c. 1534) V. 63.

Locut, Russian measure for cloth, 11.

275;

Lodais, see Lodias.

Lodge, Sir Thomas, goyernor of the
Muscovy Company, iii. 14, 39;
and Arthur Edwards, 46; Persian
privileges to (1567) 64; his voyage
to Guinea (1562) vi. 258; and the
proposed voyage to Guinea (1564)
262 ; and the negro trade (1562) x.

Lodge, Thomas, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

Lodge, Thomas, and Hakluyt, xii.
79 ; * Rosalynd ' by.

Lodia, or Russian bark, iii. 73 ; en-
graving of, 80.

Lodias, Stephen Borough and, 11.

327. 329-
Lodovick, brother of the Landgrave

Conrad, 11. 2.
Lodowick, Count of Nassaw, see

Nassau.
Lofoden Islands, WiMoughby at, 11.

219, 223; Stephen Borough at,

345; Anthony Jenkinson's fleet at,

415 ; Arthur Pet at, iii. 300.
Loglen, king's deputy in Man,i.38f.
Loggewood, see Logwood.
Logwood, colour produced by, iii.

251; or palo campechio, blue

colour, V. 239.
Loire, river, in Florida, discovered

by Captain Ribault (1562) viii.

460.

Lok, Michael, see Lock.

Lombards, deceitfulness of, 11. 131 f.

Lombardy, and Edward I.'s great
charter, i. 333 ; dictamnum album
found in, vi. 27.

Lonck, admiral of the Dutch fleet
(1588) IV. 209.

London, barons of, i. 44; ships
from, in Edward III.'s fleet, 297;
a market town in time of Nero,
308; of Bede, 309, (1142) 314;
Cologne merchants' dues at Guild-
hall, 6, 323, II. 21, 51; mayor of
the city of, 26, v. 270 ; ships from
(1393, 1405) n. 62 ; sights of (1557)
358; Anthony Jenkinson's return
to (1564) III. 38; return of Eng-
lish merchants to (1574) 157;
Sir Jerome Horsey 's arrival at

(1584) 345; Queen Elizabeth enters
in triumph (1588) iv. 233; birth-
place of Ingulf, 290 ; palace built
by Anthony Beck, 371 ; Lyon,
King of Armenia, in (1386) 447;
Laurence Aldersey's return to
(1582) V. 214; size of, 474; Ralph
Fitch's return to (1591) 505 ; Henry
Roberts leaves, in the Ascension.

(1585) VI. 426; heat of, compared
to the Poles, vii. 273 ; port of,
free to Adrian Gilbert (1583) 377;
Thomas Buts and Rastall at, viii.
7; city and voyage of Captain
Carleill (1583), 148; Charles Leigh
and his prize in (1597) viii. 180;
Captain Laudonniere at (1565) ix.
99; John Chilton's departure from
(1561), and return to (1586) 360;
plan of, engraving of, xii. 120.

London, coast discovered by John
Davys (1587) vii. 418.

Long, Henry, of the Earl of Cum-
berland's voyage (1589) vii. i.

Long, James, gunner on the Edward
Bonaventure (1553) ii. 213.

Long, Nicholas, of the Maria
Martin (1584) v. 281.

Longenthorpe, Tidericus de, Prus-
sian ambassador, 11. 98, 106.

Longespee, William, see Salisbury,
Earl of.

Longeval, in the voyage of Roberval

(1543) VIII. 288.

Longitudes, Robert Thome on, 11.

298

INDEX

i68, 174, 179; Sir Humphrey
Gilbert and his spherical instru-
ment for, VII. 190.

Longsound, in Norway, 11. 63, 65.

Loo, see Looe.

Looe, Cornwall, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I. 297.

Lookout Point, Stephen Borough at
(1556) II. 326.

Lopez, ambassador of the Grand
Master of Rhodes to Solyman
(1522) V. 52. _

Lopez, Friar Francis, murdered m
Poala in Antigua (1582) 11.

195-
Lopez, Thomas, discoveries of (1497-

15 10) VIII. 128.
Loraigne, see Lorraine.
Lord's Valley, maize found in (1540)

IX. 145 ; or Valle del Senor, Mel-

chior Diaz at (1540) ix. 147.
Loreine, Cape, in Canada, latitude

of, Jacques Cartier at (1536) viii.

259-
Lores, in Portugal, English army at

(1589) VI. 499.

Lorinha, English camp at, in Portu-
gal (1589) VI. 498.

Lorraine, Duke of, at Marasia (1097)
IV. 293.

Losada, Diego de, his attempt to
discover Guiana, x. 498.

Losh (reindeer), hides market, iii.
70; export, 366.

Loshak, Stephen Borough's friend,

n. 337 f-. 339-
Los Santos, John White in sight of

(1590) VIII. 407.

Lot, King of Norway, i. 4.
Loubeux Verdala, Hugo de. Grand

Master of Malta, passport by

(1582) V. 215, 217.
Loues, Friar, and Edmund Hogan

(1577) VI. 292.
Louis, Duke of Savoy, besieged by

the Sultan Selim in Nicosia, v.

126.
Louis, Don, son of Don John, in

Guinea (1562) vi. 260.
Louis n., King of France, and John

Erigena, iv. 281.
Louis VH., King of France, in Holy

Land (1147) iv. 309.
Louis IX., King of France, i. 229;

and the Saracens, 275; his vow

to go to Holy Land (1234) iv. 353 ;

takes Damietta (1249) 353; in

Cairo, 355.
Louis H., King of Hungary and

Bohemia, killed by Solyman (1526)

V. 61.
Loutea, or gentlemen, in China, vi.

300 ; examination of, 302 ; dignity

of, 303-

Loutea, or lieutenant, of Cathay,
and the Moors, vii. 201.

Lovel, Sir Robert, knighted at
Cadiz (159b) IV. 260.

Loviana, wife of Eparacano, chris-
tened Don Juan, nephew of Topi-
awari, x. 412,

Lowde, Christopher, in Virginia
(1585) VII. 317.

Lowe, S. John de, see S. Juan
d'Ulloa.

Lowe, William, condemned by In-
quisition in Mexico (1575-1580) ix.
430; married and settled in Spain,

431-

Lowfoot, see Lofoden.

Lubao islands, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 331.

Lubec, see Liibeck.

Liibeck, charter of, i. 325 ; restitu-
tion of losses demanded of Eng-
land by, II. 35 ; Hanse town and
England, 55 ; meeting place of
ambassadors, 86 ; wax market at,
389 ; ambassadors from, 399 ;
Narva port open to (1567) in. 100;
Sir Jerome Horsey at (1584) 345;
Iceland trade with, iv. 86, 191 ;
William Harborne at (1588) vi. 58 ;
hulk, with Spanish goods, cap-
tured (1589) 510; ship, captured
by the English (1589) vii. 2.

Lubonia, devastated by infidels, 11.

Lucas, Thomas, of the Desire,

soldier killed by Indians (1587) xi.

306.
Lucas, William, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 402.
Lucaya, see Bahama.
Lucayos, see Bahama.
Lucerne, Cape, in Florida, discovered

by Captain Ribault (1562) viii.

463-

299

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Luche, Hernando, conquests of,

viii. 125.
Lucie, Geoffrey de, his voyage to

Syria (1240) iv. 352.
Lucius Marcius in Spain, iv. 22,

Lucke, John, and Anthony Jenkin-

son's letter (1559) 11. 400 ; prisoner

in Livonia (1560) 407.
Lucland, Richard, mutineer on the

Edward Bonaventure (1593) x.

200.
Lucomoria, people of, iii. 408, 410.
Lu^on, general of the Spanish fleet

(1568) IX. 451; Anthony Godard

and some of his company sent to

Spain with (1568) 459.
Lugon, Don Alonso, colonel of the

Armada (1588) iv. 202; prisoner

in Ireland, 232.
Lugone, see Luzon.
Luddington, Thomas, in Virginia

(1585) viii. 317.
Ludekensson, Matthew, damages

paid to, II. 103.
Ludolphus, Duke of Brunswick,

fifteenth master of the Dutch

knights, II. 6.
Ludolphus, seventeenth master of

the Dutch knights, 11. 6.
Ludovic, brother of the Landgrave

Conrad, 11. 2.
Ludovicus, Andreas, and John Foxe

(1577) V. 166.
Luis, Don, Infant of Portugal, letter

to Captain Pinteado (1552) vi.

153-
Luis, the, Spanish ship captured by

the Hugh Gallant (1587) xi. 311.
Luisa, the, of Dieppe, and the crew

of the Edward Bonaventure (1593)

VI. 406.
Lumley, Lord, and the Russian am-
bassador, II. 357 ; and Hakluyt,

XII. 76.
Lumley 's Inlet, discovered by John

Davys (1587) vii. 420.
Luna, Don Juan de, on the taking

of the Groyne (1589) vi. 484;

prisoner of the English, 485.
Lunas Montes, see Mountains of the

Moon.
Lundy, Island, Charles Leigh in his

prize at (1597) VIII. 180.

Liineburg, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 320, 327.
Lunenberg, see Liineburg.
Lupulee, town on the Berbice, x.

494.

Lusignan, Guy of, last King of
Jerusalem, v. 125.

Lutch, boy wounded by Indians
(1586) XI. 296.

Luther, Martin, v. 321; religious
influence of, on Iceland, iv. 49,
146.

Lutheran, Laurence Aldersey a
(1581) v. 207.

Luthro, or goat skin, for holding
sugar, VI. 99.

Lutterell, Sir John, death of, in Bar-
bary (1551) vi. 137.

Luttrell, Sir John, Thomas Buts
and Rastall in the castle of (1536)
viii. 7.

Luys, Friar, at Cevola with Vasquez
de Coronado (1540) ix. 152.

Luzon, VI. 349, IX. 326; one of the
Philippines, Captain Gualle's voy-
age to (1584) IX. 326; description
of, 327; trade with China, Span-
ish fort on, XI. 287; description
of, 329 ; Thomas Cavendish at
(1588) 333; Spaniard from, taken
by Cavendish, 334; hospital in,

r 335- ^ .

Luzon Straits, xi. 330.

Lybia, see Libya.

Lycia, John Eldred at (c. 1588) vi. 9.

Lycus, river, in Asia, iv. 36, 131.

Lydd, Kent, i. 47, 48.

Lydde, see Lydd.

Lyderpole, Thomas, of Cley, and

Prussian pirates, 11. 65, 66.
Lydia, iii. 398.
Lydiat, George, member of the Bar-

bary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Lyme Bay, George Fenner at (1567)

VI. 284.

Lyme Regis, Dorset, ships from, in
Edward III.'s fleet, i. 297.

Lymery, Arthur Pet at (1580) iii. 302.

Lymington, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 298.

Lympold, see Leopold.

Lymszem, see Limasol.

Lyndo, near Rhodes, v. 8.

300

INDEX

Lyne, Matthew, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Lynester, see Leinster.

Lynn, Friar Nicholas of, his voy-
age to the North Pole, i. 301 f. ;
* Inventio Fortunata,' 303.

Lynn Regis, see King's Lynn.

Lynn, Bailiff of, and King John, i,
320; merchants of, and Norway,

347-

Lvnxamatae, people of Libya, vi.
'168.

Lyon, King of Armenia, voyage of,
to England (1386) iv. 445; in
London, 447.

Lyon, the, see Lion.

Lyons, breaking of the bridge at
(1190) IV. 321,

Lys or Luys, M. de, at Fort Caro-
line (1565) IX. 91, 92.

Lyster. Christopher, see Lister.

Lyzard, see Lizard.

Maapuere town, xi. 13.

Maber, William, gunner, distress
of, at Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Maburesa, great town on the Maha-
waica, x. 494.

Macao, near Pegu, Ralph Fitch at
(c. 1583) V. 486.

Macao, Portuguese port in China, v.
406; trade with Japan, 498; Portu-
guese garrison at, viii. 445 ;
Island, in the river of Canton, in
China, ix. 333.

Macapowa, Indian captain, x. 495.

Macaran harbour in China, free to
Spanish trade (1590) x. 166.

Macareo, or race of tide, v. 374,
419, 420.

Macaria, see Cyprus.

Macatto, Indian herb, anti-poison-
ous, x. 495.

Macawini river, gold in, x. 468.

Maccharibi town, xi. 13.

Maccou, king in Florida, and Cap-
tain Albert (1562) viii. 478; and
Nicholas Barre, 483.

Mace, William, of Radcliff, master
of the Edward Bonaventure, at
Comoro Island (1591) vi. 392
master of the Dog, voyage of, to
Mexico (1589) X. 156; letters
from to Edward Wilkinson (1589)

157; killed by the natives of
Comoro Island (1591) 195.

Macerea, Sir Walter Raleigh at
(1597) XI. 7.

Macham, Island of Madeira dis-
covered by (1344) IV. 368, VI. 119,

134-

Macharibi, town in Guiana, xi. 11.

Machian, the Portuguese at, viii.
129.

Machico haven, named after Mac-
ham, VI. 119; town, 135.

Macirria, town in Guiana, xi. 8.

Mac-Maras, at the battle of Sant-
wat, I. 28.

Macureguarai, in Guiana, x. 364;
Antonio de Berreo's first civil
town in Guiana, 373, 401, 410,
423 ; envoys at, 374 ; Capure-
pana province adjoining, x. 403 ;
in Muchikeri province, 464.

Macureo, Indians settled near, de-
scription of, by Sir Walter
Raleigh, x. 383 ; dwelling place
of Ciawannis destroyed by the
Spanish (1596) 476.

Macuri river, John Douglas on the
(1595) x. 382.

Macuria river, mentioned by Laur-
ence Keymis (1596) x. 454, 492.

Macuruma river, x. 492.

Macurwini river, in the country of
the Cassanari, x. 464.

Madagascar, on the way to India
from Cape of Good Hope, vi. 383,
391; latitude of, 401, viii. 127; or
S. Laurence Island, the Edward
Bonaventure at (1591) x. 195.

Maddock, Andrew, of the Sunshine
of London (1585) vii. 382, 409.

Maddock, Robert, on Puna Island,
death of (1587) xi. 317, 318.

Maddox, chaplain, assistant to Ed-
ward Fenton (1582) xi. 163;
recorder of Edward Fenton 's
voyage, 164; and the succession
of Edward Fenton in case of his
death on the voyage (1582) 166;
at Sierra Leone, 175.

Madeira Island, discovered by Mac-
ham (1344) IV. 368, 369, VI. 119,
134; Reuben of Bracamont and
(1417) 120; products of, 135;
English ships at (1553) 146,

301

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

(1554) 155; description of, 155 f. ;
William Towerson at (1555) 178,
(1556) 212; Sir John Hawkins
near (1564) 264, x. 11; George
Fenner near (1566) vi, 266; the
Dolphin at (1524) viii. 424;
Portuguese garrison at, 445 ; dis-
tance from Spain, x. 93 ; Sir
Anthony Sherley and (1596) 266;
latitude of, 332 ; discovered by
Prince Henry the Navigator (14 17)
XII. 3.

Madera Bomba, a shoal, Sir
Anthony Sherley at (1596) x. 268;
soundings, xi. 352.

Madera Island, see Madeira.

Madewini, town of the Wapari, x.
494.

Madher promontory, in Iceland, iv.
II, 99.

Madianites, see Midianites.

Madoc. son of Owen Gwynedd,
prince of North Wales, discovery
of West Indies by (1170) vii. 133;
verses on, 135.

Madoc, Laurence, narrative of, sent
to Anthony Dassel (1594) vii. 99-
100.

Madoni, king of Colombo, de-
throned by his son Ragine, v.

3Q9-

Madrabomba, see Madera Bomba.

Madrabumba Islands, see Cape
Verde Islands.

Madrabumba river, Thomas Greg-
ory privileged to traffic in the
(1592) VII. 102.

Madre de Dios, the, vi. 443, x. 190;
carrack of the Spanish fleet taken
by Sir Walter Raleigh's fleet
(1592) VII. 105- 1 18; captured by
Sir Robert Crosse, xii. 84.

Madre del Oro, found in Guiana, x.

405-

Maelstrom, in Arctic Ocean, i. 303 ;
Anthony Jenkinson's description
of, II. 415.

Maeotis, see Azov, sea of.

Maestro del Campo, Isla del, lati-
tude of, IX. 330.

Maffeius, Petrus, * De rebus Japon-
icis,' by, vi. 332.

Magaraxiaibi, or Jethro's river, be-
tween Acba and Biritem, v. 347.

Magdalena, river of, in New King-
dom of Granada, xi. 235, 237.

Magdalena river, in Peru, descrip-
tion of caymans in, x. 175.

Magdalene, the, Richard Uscombe
in (1571) III. 169.

Magdeburg, Henry Austell at (1585)
V. 327.

Magelan, see Magellan.

Magelane, see Magellan.

Magellan, Fernando, at Port S.
Julian, XI. 109; at Baya de las
Islas, 134; his discoveries, 255;
death, 257 ; and the execution of
his captain, xii. 56.

Magellan, Strait of, 11. 163, vii.
167, 169, 178, 191, 195; Chris-
topher Lister's voyage to, vi.
294; Pedro Sarmiento, gover-
nor of, 435, XI. 92, 93; sea
currents in, vii. 202, xi. 158;
latitude of, x. 93, xi. 158, 256;
the Delight in, x. 170; Benjamin
Wood bound for (1596) xi. 2 ; Sir
Francis Drake's description of,
no- III ; chart of, engraving of,
112; description of, 135-136,
355. 357. 371; Cape Victory at
the entrance of, 158 ; Spanish
fleet at (1582) 183; English and
Spanish ships in (1582) 254; ships
wrecked in, 257, 260 ; Sir Francis
Drake in, 260, xii. 59 ; Spanish
forts ordered to be built in, xi. 267;
Thomas Cavendish at (1586) 367,
(1592) 392, 397; John Chidley's
voyage to (1589) 381, 382; dis-
covery of, by Magellan, xii. 9.

Magellenes, see Magellan.

Maggio, knight, engineer, of Fama-
gusta (1571) V. 135, 136, 138;
made slave, 152.

Maggiore Mare, see Black Sea.

Magistrates, Chinese, magnificence
of, VI. 364 f. ; selection, 366.

Magnus III., King of Norway (1098)
I. 28; King of Man, 28-29.

Magnus, fourth bishop of Schalholt,
in Iceland (1134) iv. 54, 153.

Magnus, eighth bishop of Schalholt,
in Iceland (12 16) iv. 55, 153.

Magnus, son of Olaf, King of Man
(1252) knighted by the King of
England (1256) i. 40; death, 40.

302

INDEX

Magnus, son of Eiolphus, twenty-
fourth bishop of Schalholt, in Ice-
land (1489) IV. 57, 156.

Magog, sent to Asia by Nimrod, in.
371.

Magoths, W., voyage of John Chid-
ley written by (1589) xi. 381-384;
in the Delight, 382 ; return of

(1590) 384-
Magueis tree, plant of Mexico, ix.
377; honey of, 384; uses of,

457-
Mahahonero, Indian captain, x.

493-
Mahawaica river, x. 494; between
Cape Cecil and Raleana river,

459-

Mahdia, see Africa.

Mahomet, in. 29, 35, vi. 321; suc-
cessor of. III. 159; Persian opinion
of, 160; tree of, 221; his favourite
colour, green, forbidden in Holy
Land, v. 89 ; battle against the
Christians, legend of, 349 ; tomb
at Medina, 361 ; buried in Arabia
Felix, VIII. 128.

Mahomet Beg, a Justice, v. 318.

Mahomet Chaus, and the inventory
of sunk ships (1584) v. 279.

Mahomet Chaus, Nadir of Lepanto,
exactions of, from English people
(1584) V. 284, 285.

Mahomet Khan, son of Murad
Khan, vi. 116.

Mahomet Pasha, William Har-
borne's presents to (1583) v. 251.

Mahomet II., Sultan, at the siege of
Constantinople, vi. 106.

Maiapoore, town of the Winitwari,
X. 492.

Maiarare, province of Guiana, x.

498..
Maicaiwini river, x. 494; between
Cape Cecil and Raleana river, x.

459-

Maidstone, Kent, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I. 297.

Main river, at Arnfurt, v. 321.

' Maine Historical Society,' and the
Hakluyt MS. (1877) xn. 32.

Maingare, James, captain of the
H ermerillon (1535) viii. 211.

Maio Island, near Cape Verde, vi.
275 ; Andrew Barker's trumpeter

killed at (1576) x. 83; Sir Amyas
de Preston at (1595) 223; Sir
Anthony Sherley at (1596) 267;
Dartmouth flyboat bound for
(1596) XI. I ; Sir Walter Raleigh
at (1597) 2; salt found in, 3;
James Lancaster at (1594) 46;
dried cabritos found in (1578) 103;
climate of, 104; John Winter at

(1577) 151-

Maior, see Mayor.

Maipar Island, in the Orinoco river,
X. 494.

Maipari river, x. 490 ; mentioned by
Laurence Keymis (1596) x. 454.

Maisouna, in Hochelaga, viii. 271.

Maiyo, see Maio.

Maize, found in the Lord's Valley
(1540) IX. 147; in Granada, 156;
in New Spain, use of, 391 ; in
Cumana, x. 27 ; found in Florida,
51, 56; Indian wheat captured by
Sir Francis Drake (1595) 234.

Major, M., lieutenant of the Con-
tent (1591) X. 183.

Majorca, in Thome's map, n. 171 ;
Roger Bodenham at (1551) v. 72;
viceroy of, and William Harborne
(1583) 243, 245, 247, 249; Miles
Philips escapes to England from
(1582) IX. 444.

Make-Speed, the, at Azafi (1577) vi.
285.

Makeworth, John, of the expedition
to Guinea (1556) vi. 199, 202, 208;
in Cape Verde Island (1577) 237.

Malabar, pepper found in, iv. 412,
VI. 24; Levant coral found in,
25 ; Cape Comorin in, 394 ; Vasco
da Gama at (1498) xn. 3.

Malabars, races of, v. 502.

Malaca, see Malacca.

Malacca, 11. 163 ; Thome's mention
of the spicery in, 170; and Portu-
guese ships, V. 402, X. 196;
Caesar Frederick in (1566) v. 403,
408, 412 ; trade with the Indian
Islands, 407; cotton cloth from
Sinnergan to, 485 ; Ralph Fitch
at (c. 1583) 497; Portuguese cap-
tain of, and the trade, 498;
weight, measure and money, cur-
rent in, VI. 21; tin found in, 24;
domestic sandals found in, 25;

303

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

monsoon from Goa to, 32 ; the
Edward Bonaventure in (1592)
3q6; latitude, xi. 351; bay of,
Thomas Cavendish at (1587) 321;
cape of, the Portuguese at, viii.
129 ; Portuguese garrison at,

445-
Malatesta, Hercole, wounded at the

defence of Famagusta, v. 136;

made slave, 151.
Malathia, Fergat, governor of, v.

148; slain at Famagusta (1571)

152.
Malavar, see Malabar.
Malays, v. 498.
Malcolm IV., the Maiden, King of

Scotland (1141-1165) i. 32.
Maiden, see Maldon.
Maldivia, see Maldive.
Maldive Islands, vi. 401 ; cagiers

found in, 25.
Maldon, Essex, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I. 299.
Maldonado, Castillo, in the Ju-

manos country, ix. 192.
Maldonado, Francisco, Cacahu-

Atoyaque (garden of Cacao), in

the land of, ix. 471.
Maldonado, Roderigo, treasurer of

Captain Alarchon's fleet (1540) ix.

28 1.
Malestrande, see Maelstrom.
Malfata, haven in Rhodes, v. 15.
Malgo, King of England, i. 7 f.
Malgualire, Jamaica vessel (1564)

IX. 44.
Malica, King, brother of King

Malona, and Captain Vasseur, ix.

2i^ ; visits Captain Ribault at Fort

Caroline (1565) 88.
Malim, William, translator of the

' Siege of Famagusta,' v. 118-124;

at Constantinople (1564) 121; to

the reader (1572) 127; 'In Tur-

chas precatio ' by, 128.
Malio Cavo, William Harborne near

(1583) V. 250.
Mallary, Richard, of the Muscovy

Company (1553) m. 39.
Mallatin, calf-like fish in Panuco

river (1568) ix. 457.
Mallorca, see Majorca.
Mallory, William, assistant to the

Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

Mallow, Peter de, his voyage to
Syria (1240) iv. 352.

Mallums, stockfish market at, 11.
276.

Malmesbury, William of, see Wil-
liam of Malmesbury.

Malmesbury, abbey of, John Eri-
gena at the (884) iv. 282.

Malta, King Philip and the Turks
at (1566) m. 53, 54; Anthony
Jenkinson at, 195 ; Turkish gal-
leys for the siege (1551) v. 72, 75;
siege by the Turks, 112; Grand
Master of, passport to English-
men (1582) 215; galleys from,
leagued against English ships
(1583) 264; escaped Christian
slaves near (1584) 304; John
Evesham near (1587) vi. 35;
Laurence Aldersey at (1586) 39;
galleys of, in the pay of Spain, 50;
Grand Master of Rhodes at, 143.

' Malta, Jew of,' xii. 104.

Malucos, see Moluccas

Malus Catulus, see Roger.

Malvasius, King of Iceland, i. 4.

Malvezzi or Malvezzo, Roberto, cap-
tain, at the defence of Famagusta
(1571) V. 133; death of, 139,
150.

Mamale Islands, latitude, vi. 395.

Mamedine, money of Bussorah, vi.
II.

Mammie, Alcayde, and the saltpetre
at Sus (1577) VI. 291.

Mamoute, Alcayde, escort to Ed-
mund Hogan (1577) VI. 291.

Man, Jeremy, in Virginia (1585)
vm. 317.

Man, Isle of, i. 30-41 ; a chronicle
of the Kings of, i. Iv., 25 ff. ;
King Edwin and, 8 ; invaded in
(1066) by Godred Crovan, 25, 26;
divided between Harold's sons,
31; Reginald invades (1172) 33;
O-Fogolt, viscount of (1183) 33;
devastated by Earl Fulco, 34; de-
vastated by Reginald (1228) 37;
divided (1230) 38; Alexander II.,
King of Scots, in, 41 ; devastated
by Richard de Mandevile, 41.

Mana, weight of Babylon, vi. 10 ;
of Bussorah, 11; of Ormuz, 14;
of Goa, 17.

304

INDEX

Mana river, in Tivitivas, x. 208; Sir

Walter Raleigh at (1595) 416.
Manache, Sibill, viceroy of Santa

Cruz (1552) VI. 139.
Manacobeece, town on Berbice

river, x. 494.
Manamanora, Sir Walter Raleigh

at (1597) XI. 7.
Manar Island, off Indian coast, v.

397-
Manarecowa, Indian captain, x.

495-
Manati, used as food in Guiana, x.

417.
Mance Point, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, X. 305.
Mancherule, see Manchuria.
Manchuria, original country of the

Tartars, i. 269.
Mancino, Captain, made slave at

Famagusta (1571) v. 152.
Mancy, see India.
Mandevile, Sir John, his account of

the Ewaipanoma or headless

people, X. 406.
Mandevile, Richard de, at Ramald-

wath, I. 41.
Mandevile, William, Earl of Essex,

his voyage to Jerusalem (1177) iv.

310.
Mandie, John, of the Sunshine

(1586) VII. 408.

Mandoages, tribe in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 322.
Mandoway. besieged by Akbar, v.

473-
Mandra, the, or the Field, in

Rhodes, v. 37.
Mandrana, Diego de, and the

Armada (1588) iv. 200; death of,

210.
Mangalore, Portuguese hold, v.

390 ; discovered by the Portu-
guese, VIII. 128.
Mang Bange, or Mawgbange, Rajah

in Java (1590) xi. 131, 132.
Mangia, Tartars and, i. 87; Paulus

Venetus sailing by, vii. 170;

people of, on the borders of

America, 165.
Mangiallino, weight of, Goa, vi. 18.
Mangoaks, tribe in Virginia (1585)

viii. 326; fight of, with Ralph

Lane, 330.

Mangu Khan, i. 248; son of
Seroctan, 74, 150; and the Chris-
tians, 266, 267; his relation to
Jenghiz Khan, 268; Rubruquis
sent to, 275 ; courtesy of his
people, 283 ; his letters to King
Louis, IX. 288.

Mangues, mentioned in the Ruttier,
XI. 78.

Manguslave, port of, Anthony Jen-
kinson in, 11. 459; his sufferings
in, 461 ; latitude of, 479.

* Manhelge,' book of laws of Ice-
land, IV. 72, 79, 174, 182.

Maniches, Emperor of Constanti-
nople, English embassy to (1056)
IV. 286.

Manila Bay, latitude of. Captain
Gualle at (1584) ix. 331.

Manila, Isle of, see Luzon.

Manilla, see Manila.

Manilios, trade in Guinea, vi. 184,
191, 218, 239, 252.

Manils, see Manilios.

Manly, English messenger to Russia
(1572) III. 174; his punishment re-
quested by the Emperor of Russia,
192.

Manmanuri river, x. 492.

Manna, found in the land of Job,
IV. 411; in Persia, vi. 27; in
New Spain, uses of, ix. 385.

Mannering, Jane, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Manners, in Iceland, iv. 69, 70, 80,
170, 171, 184; table, in China, vi.

304-

Mannheim, Henry Austell at, v. 321.

Manni, or bracelets of elephants'
teeth, V. 377.

Mano river, xi. 13.

Manoa, Indian name of El Dorado,
X. 340 ; magnificence of, 356 ; dis-
covered by Juan Martinez, 359,
360; Antonio de Berreo's envoys
at, 37.4 ; Spaniards from, killed by
Morequito, 402 ; lake of, grains
of gold found in, 414; town on a
lake, 460, XI. 11; distances to, x.
464.

Mnnoripano Island, Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1595) x. 398.

Manpater, harbour, mentioned in
the Ruttier, x. 287

305

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Manrique, Don Alonso, at the tak-
ing of Cevola (1540) ix. 154.

Manriques, Don Antonio de, Veador
General of the Armada (1588) iv.
223.

Manriques, Don Henrico, ix. 373 ;
viceroy of Mexico, and Don Fran-
cisco de Pago (1572) X. 373.

Manriques, Don Pedro de, returned
from England (1589) vi. 485.

Mansfield, copper mines, v. 321.

Mansfield, Count, successor of the
Duke of Parma in the govern-
ment of the Low Countries (1588)
IV. 220.

Mansfield, Sir Robert, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Mansor, fight between Christians
and Saracens at (1249) iv. 357.

Manta river, branch of the Orinoco
river, x. 408.

Mantellets, see Mantlets.

Manteo, Indian of Virginia brought
to England (1584) viii.3io,xii. 113 ;
sent with John Arundel to Florida,
viii. 315 ; and Grangino on the flag-
ship, 316; with Ralph Lane, 330;
in Croatan Island with Captain
Stafford (1587) 393; christening
of, 397 ; native settler in Virginia
(1587) 403; born in Croatan,
418.

Mantlets, Turkish, used in the siege
of Rhodes (1522) v. 18, 23, 24.

Mantoae, native gods of Virginia
(1586) viii. 376.

Manuchio, Jacomo, his passport
(1585) V. 328.

Manuel, Emperor of Constantinople,
letter from, to Henry II. (1177)
IV. 312-319.

Manurawini river, x. 494.

Maones, Turkish ships at the siege
of Famagusta (1571) v. 130.

Map of the World, by Thorne, 11.
166-181 ; presented to Henry
VII. by Bartholomew Colum-
bus (1488) VII. 137; by Sebas-
tian Cabot (1497) 145, 147, 197;
by Ortelius (1569) 163, 180, 192,
197, 466; of Andrew Urdaneta,
friar of Mexico, 196; by Mer-
cator, 197; by Gemma Frisius,
197; by Nicolo Zeno, 448; faults

in, corrected by Sir Humphrey
Gilbert, 190; French, 195.

Mapal, Indian town in Fonsecco
Gulf, XI. 362.

Mapeributto, Indian village, xi. 8.

Mapocha, see S. lago of Chili.

Maps, of Russia, by William
Borough, m. 209, 252, (1556) 334;
of newly discovered lands, 260,
264; of Pekin or Hangchow, 268;
of England, 272 ; of Canada and
New France, 280; of Europe, by
Mercator, 460; of Iceland, iv.
43> 63, 139, 163; of the English
expedition to Cadiz (1596) 255; of
Guinea, to be made by John
Locke, VI. 253 ; of China, 357 ; of
the north parts by Nicolo Zeno (c.
(1380) VII. 448 ; dedicated to Richard
Hakluyt (1587) viii. 272 ; corrected
by Ortelius, 444; of the way to
Cevola, by Vasquez de Coronado
(1540) IX. 146; of Antigua, by
Francisco Sanchez Xamuz Cado
(1581) 187; of Guiana by Sir Wal-
ter Raleigh (1595) x. 365, 385; of
the South Seas, taken by Sir
Francis Drake, xi. 146; of
China, brought home by Thomas
Cavendish (1588) xi. 378; of the
Strait of Magellan, by Captain
Davis (1592) 407.

Mapurwanas, nation of the Iwari-
poco, X. 490.

Maquarima, Indian chief, tortured
by Don Antonio de Berreo (1595)

X. 353.
Maracapana, Jeronimo de Ortal at,

X. 497; Antonio Sedenno at (1536)

497; Friar Francis Montesino at,

499; Indians of, and the gold of

Guiana, 366.
Marannon, see Amazon.
Marafion, see Amazon.
Marasia, Godfrey of Bouillon's

army at (1097) iv. 293.
Marata, kingdom of. Friar Marco

de Niga and the (1539) ix. 131,

143 ; description of, 136.
Maratea, not found by Vasquez de

Coronado (1540) ix. 158.
Marawini river, x. 492 ; between

Cape Cecil and Raleana river,

459-

306

INDEX

Marawinne river, Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1597) xi. 7; latitude
of, 10.

Marble, Cape of, near Newfound-
land, VIII. 279.

Marburg-, tomb of the Lady Elisa-
beth at, II. 2 ; principal house of
Dutch knights at, 6.

Marcasite, found in Guiana by
sailors of Sir Walter Raleigh
(1595) X. 343; mine of, in Trini-
dad (1595) 205.

March, Peter, of the Maria Martin
(1584) V. 281,

Marchant, Captain, death of, at
Panama (1596) x. 238.

Marchants, see Merchants.

Marcheso of Fermo, Captain, made
slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.

Marchetto of Fermo, Captain,
wounded at the defence of Fama-
gusta (1571) V. 139.

Marchevetti, Turkish possession in
Slavonia, v. 80.

Marco, weight of Goa, vi. 18.

Marchopota, in Rhodes, conspiracy
of women slaves of (1522) v. 18.

Marcolino, Francisco, account of
discoveries of Nicholas and An-
tonio Zeno (1380) VII. 445, 465.

Marcus, companion of Friar Marco
de Ni?a (1539) ix. 141.

Mare Euxinum, see Black Sea or
Euxine.

Mare Major, see Black Sea.

Mare mortuum, near the country of
Panten, iv. 418.

Marequita, mines of silver in (1590)

175-

Mare's Milk, see Koumiss.

Margaratina, found in Balaghat,
VI. 26.

Margaret, daughter of Edward,
Edmund Ironside's son, i. 25.

Margaret, Queen of Denmark, iv.
68, 170.

Margaret, the, of Cley, 11. 64.

Margaret, the, of the Earl of Cum-
berland's fleet (1589) VII. i; in
Graciosa, 11, 13; sent back to
England, 18.

Margaret, the, of Christopher New-
port's fleet (1591) X. 184.

Margaret and John, the, and the

Spanish ships (1590) vii. 31, 32;
hunting prizes (1591) 57-

Margarita Island, pearls of, ix. 318;
Sir John Hawkins at (1568) 401,
448, X. 66, (1565) 26; Andrew
Barker at (1576) 84; Antonio
de Berreo and (1595) 206, 372;
pearl fishing in (1595) 216; voy-
age of Sir Anthony Sherley to
(1596) 266-276; Captain William
Parker's voyage to (1596) 277;
Ruttier from Martinino or Domin-
ica to, 287 ; latitude of, 335 ; Juan
Martinez at, 361 ; or Puerto de
Tyranno, Agira at, 362 ; Don Juan
de Villa Andreda and Don Juan
Sarmiento, governors of, 362 ;
King Morequito at, 373 ; trade of
Indians at, 376; governor of, and
Tobago Island (1596) 378; gover-
nor of, and the conquest of
Guiana, 460; description of, pearl
trade in, xi. 238; governor of,
killed by Lopez de Agira (1568) 247.

Margarites, see Pearls.

Margat, see Margate.

Margate, ships from, in Edward
TII.'s fleet, I. 297.

Margaulx, birds, description by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 184,
192.

Margaulx Islands, animals and
birds found on, viii. 191.

Maria Martin, the, of London,
Hassan, viceroy of Algiers, and
(1584) V. 280; crew of, 281.

Marias, las tres, Islands of, latitude
of, IX. 337.

Maribillas Islands, Captain Gualle
at (1584) IX. 332.

Maricandis, city of, i. 231.

Marie, daughter of the Duke of
Tyversky, first wife of Ivan Vasil-
iwich, II. 189.

Marie, William, master of the Little
Hermina (1535) viii. 211.

Marieburg, see Marienburg.

Marien, cross near the Panuco river,
X. 318.

Marien, Puerto de, marks of, in
second Ruttier, x. 324.

Marien, Table of, or La Meza de,
near Havana, in second Ruttier,
X. 324.

307

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Marlenburg, principal house of the
order of the Dutch knights, ii. 6;
Casimir, King of Poland, and, 9,
10 ; English ambassadors at
n. 19, 23 ; conferences between
England and Prussia at (1408)
91, 92, 96; procurator of, dam-
ages paid to, 106.

Maries Islands, latitude of, xi. 350.

Marigalante Island, Sir Francis
Drake at (1595) x. 228; marks of,
in the second Ruttier, 308; lati-
tude of, 333.

Marigny, President, Captain Gour-
gues in the house of (1570) ix.
III.

Marigold, the, voyage of, to Cape
Breton, by Richard Fisher (1593)
vin. 157; on the coast of New-
foundland (1593) 158; voyage
home of, 160, 161.

Marigold, the, ship of Sir Francis
Drake (1577) xi. 102, 148, 155, xn.
57; takes a carvel at Cape de las
Barbas, xi. 150; lost sight of
(1578) 159. xn. 60.

Marinduque Islands, latitude of, ix.

329-

Mariners, of the Armada, iv. 199,
200; forty, sent to Meta Incog-
nita to winter (1578) vii. 321;
their courage in a storm, 336; on
Spanish ships, xi. 446.

Maipa, town on the Aripacoro, x.

494-
Maripai, nation of the Coowini, x.

494-
Maripomma, town on the Pawro, x.

492.
Marius, Roman senator, iv. 274.
Mark, Padre, of S. Pauls 's College

in Goa (1584) v. 460, 463.
Markesbury, Captain, and his ship

at the capture of Spanish ships

(1589) vn. 6.
Market, Sir Raimond, ambassador

of the Grand Master of Rhodes

to Solyman (1522) v. 52.
Market towns in Russia, 11. 225.
Markham, William, master of the

Francis (1582) xi. 172.
Marks, Thomas, condemned to the

galleys by Seville Inquisition

(1570) IX. 464.

Marlowe, * Tamburlaine,' by, xii.
103 ; Shelley compared to, 107.

Marmesia, see Naramsy.

Marmora, in Asia, v. 251 ; Richard
Wrag at (1594) vi. 107.

Marmori, Giovanni, engineer, at
the defence of Famagusta (1571)
V. 134; slain, 152.

Maroca, see Morocco.

Marochus, see Morocco.

Maroons, rebels against the Span-
iards (1576) X. 85 ; in West Indies,
148 ; S. Cruz la Real, town of
(1587) 149; and the Frenchmen
brought to Panama, 155 ; Sir
Robert Dudley in Paracoa, and
the (1595) 206.^

Marowanas, nation on the Arcooa,
X. 490.

Marpurg, see Marburg.

Marques, Graviello, soldier of Cap-
tain Ulloa, wounded by the Chi-
chimecas Indians (1539) ix. 237.

Marquese, la Plaza del, in Mexico,
IX. 420.

Marrac, town of Arawak Indians
(1597) XI. 7.

Marracon, Sir Walter Raleigh and

(1597) XI. II.

Marracou, King, and Captain Lau-
donniere (1565) ix. 49.

Marriage ceremonies in Russia, 11.
444-447; customs in Canada (1535)
VIII. 241 ; of natives of Florida,

453-

Marroccos Bay, Thomas Cavendish
at (1586) XI. 367.

Marseilles, Richard I. at (1190) iv.
321 ; Baldwin, archbishop of Can-
terbury, embarks at (1190) 341;
Richard Earl of Cornwall em-
barks at (1240) 352; weights of,
V. 272 ; Anthony Jerado, pilot
from (1583) 292; the Centurion at
(1591) VII. 35; birth-place of
Michael Sancius (c. 1587) xi.

319-
Marseils, see Marseilles.
Marsh, Anthony, and the letter of

advice for England (1580) iii. 220;

Russian debts of, 421 ; Queen

Elizabeth and, 426.
Marsh, John, granted Russian

license (1567) ill. 93.

308

INDEX

Marshall, Christopher, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 318.
Marshfield-Park, in Somersetshire,

Thomas Windham at, vi. 138.
Marshok Reiz, ambassador of Muly

Hamed to Queen Elizabeth (1588)

VI. 427.

Marsilia, see Marseilles.
Martaban, in the kingdom of Pegu,

V. 414, 428; troubles in, 416-418;

Caesar Frederick leaves (1563)

419; wares sold in, 491; Ralph

Fitch near (c. 1583) 497, 500;

haven for Pegu, vi. 397.
Martasew, John White's landing at

(1587) VIII. 401.
Martaven, see Martaban.
Martenson, Cornelius, of Schiedam,

master of the White Dove (1591)

VII. 84.

Marthesia, Queen of the Amazons,
X. 367.

Martin, Indian pilot of Sir Walter
Raleigh (1595) x. 392.

Martin, trader in Samva and in
Guinea (1555) vi. 163.

Martin V., Pope, Walden's epistle
to, IV. 277; Bull of, and the dis-
covered lands (1444) XII. 4.

Martin, Sir, stratagem of, against
Prussians, 11. 5.

Martin, John, captain of the Ben-
jamin (1585) X. 99.

Martin, Richard, granted Russian
license (1586) iii. 348.

Martin, Richard, junr., of the
Levant Company (1592) vi. 76,
78-

Martin, Sir Richard, and Levant
Company (1592) vi. 74, 75, 78.

Martin, William, servant of Captain
Hawlse (1589) xi. 388.

Martin de Sousa, Rio de, mentioned
in Ruttier for Brazil, xi. 84.

Martin Garzia Island, mentioned in
Ruttier for river Plate, xi. 97.

Martine, Truchses, thirty-first master
of the Dutch knights (1477) 11.
10.

Martinez, Domingo, report concern-
ing El Dorado (1593) x. 439.

Martinez, Juan, discovery of Manoa
by, X. 359, 360; his death at
Puerto Rico, 361.

Martiningo, Captain Gabriel, and
the siege of Rhodes (1522) v. 20-
45 ; and the envoy of Solyman,
48.

Martiningo, Earl Hercole, at the de-
fence of Famagusta (1571) v. 133,
137; hostage, 144; slave, 146,
151.

Martiningo, Earl Nestor, ' Report
of the vSuccess of Famagusta ' by
(1571) V. 129; slave to Sanjack
of Bir, 147, 151; escape, 149.

Martiningo, Luigi, chief of ord-
nance at Famagusta (1571) v.
132, 139; and Mustafa Pasha,
145 ; slain in Famagusta, 150.

Martinino, one of the Antilles, Cap-
tain Laudonniere at (1564) ix. 3;
or Metalina, Sir Francis Drake at
(1595) X. 228; Ruttier from
Dominica to, 287; marks of, in
second Ruttier, 309; latitude of,
332; uninhabited (1596) 478.

Mnrtinus, twenty-eighth bishop of
Schalholt, in Iceland (1547) iv.

59> 158-

Martires, head of the, or Cabeza de
los, X. 337 ; Sir Amyas de Preston
at (1595) 226; described in the
Ruttier, 298; in second Ruttier,
325 ; latitude of, 298, 334.

Martyn, George, settler in Virginia
(1587) viii. 403.

Martyr, Peter, of Angleria, iii. ;
' Decade ' by, quotation from, vii.
150, 151; friend of Sebastian
Cabot, 153 ; and the north-west
passage, 163 ; on the pigeons of
the Isles of Lucayos, ix. 53;
' Decades ' by, translated by
Richard Eden (1555) xii. 35; pub-
lished by Hakluyt (1587) 83.

Martyrs in Thana, iv. 412.

Martyrs, the, shoals near the Cape
of Florida, ix. 50.

Martyrs, Islands of, the Grace at
(1594) VIII. 163; John White in
sight of (1590) 411.

Marvyn, Master, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Marwabo, Indian captain, x. 493.

Mary, Queen of England, Richard
Eden to, 11. 270; letters to Ivan
Vasiliwich (1555) 11. 278-281; and

309

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

George Killingworth (1555) and
Richard Gray, 280; and the mer-
chants' charter (1555) 304; pre-
sents between the Emperor of
Russia and, 360-361 ; and Osep
Napea, in. 16; and the Muscovy
Company, 84.

Mary, Queen of Scotland, wreck of
Osep Napea and, 11. 353.

Mary, wife of Magnus, Duke of
Hoist, II. 190.

Mary, the, ship of the knights of
Rhodes (1522) v. 9.

Mary Edward, the, of London, and
the survivors of the ToJjy (1593)
VII. 129.

Mary George, the, and Levant
trade (c. 1511) v. 62.

Mary Grace, the, and Levant
trade (c. 15 11) v. 62.

Mary Rose, the, of the Cadiz ex-
pedition (1596) IV. 242, 247.

Mary Rose, the, flagship of Sir John
Hawkins, at Flores (1590) viii. 421.

Mary Sparke, the, of Plymouth, Sir
Walter Raleigh's ship, voyage to
the Azores (1586) vi. 434.

Mary Susan, the (1581) iii. 246,

Mary's sepulchre in Jerusalem, v.
212.

Masadie, boats used in S. Thomas,
in India, v. 402.

Masagunt, in Barbary, Sir Anthony
Sherley in sight of (1596) x. 267.

Masbat, see Masbate.

Masbate Island, Captain Gualle at
(1584) IX. 328; Thomas Cavendish
at (1588) XI. 334; from, to Sebo-
jon Island, 364.

Mascarenhas, Don Francisco de,
viceroy of Goa (1583) v. 469.

Mascarenhas, Manuel, and Feliciano
Cieza (1597) xi. 66, 68.

Masham, Thomas, Sir Walter
Raleigh's third voyage to Guiana
(1596-97) written by, xi. 1-15.

Mashwipo, Indian captain, x. 491.

Mason, James, in Virginia (1585)
vm. 317.

Masons, in Sir Humphrey Gilbert's
expedition (1583) viii. 47.

Massacre of Christian captains at
Famagusta by Mustafa (1571) v.
146.

Massam, William, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 75, 78.

Massatlan, latitude of, Thomas
Cavendish at (1587) xi. 322.

Masse, Nicholas, master of the Rose
of Danzig (1577) vi. 231.

Masson, see Barre.

Massovia, i. 159, 11. 7; Conrad,
Duke of, 2.

Master, Nicolas, mutineer killed at
Archaha (1564) ix, 43.

Masterlina, in Russia, Povensa to,
m. 81.

Mastic, found in Chios, vi. 26.

Masticke, see Mastic.

Masulipatam, in gulf of Bengal,
V. 472 ; painted cloth of, exported
to Pegu, 491.

Matachines, near Granada, x. 497.

Matalina, see Martinino.

Matalino, latitude of, mentioned in
the Ruttier, x. 287.

Matamba, King of, war with King
of Angola (1590) vi. 468.

Matan9as, see Matanzas.

Matanzas, the, John White at (1590)
VIII. 412 ; William King's cap-
tures at (1592) X. 192; sea cur-
rents at, in the Ruttier, 303 ; El
pan de, marks of, 325, 331; El
Puerto de, meaning of, 330.

Matapan Cape, John Locke at (1553)
V. 84, 10 1 ; William Harborne at
(1583) V. 250.

Matarea, balm refining at, v. 338.

Matas, Cape de, mentioned in the
Ruttier, xi. 87.

Matas Cardoso, John de, governor
of Cabodelo (1597) xi. 70.

Materta, see Matriga.

Mateumai Isle, Tartar traffic at
(1596) XI. 441.

Mathiaca, King, and the Spanish
prisoner (1565) ix. 49.

Mathiaqua, Captain Laudonniere's
discovery beyond (1565) ix. 54.

Mathin, the Portuguese at, viii.
129.

Matorooni river, x. 494.

Matria, well of the Virgin Mary
near Cairo, vi. 38.

Matricula, Portuguese registry, vi.

153.
Matriga, on the Don, i. 230, 231.

310

INDEX

Matteo, of Capua, captain made
slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 152.

Mattheo, Don, mansion of, near
Tecuanapa, ix. 471.

Matthew Gonson, the, voyage of
(1534) V. 67; John Locke on (1553)
76; voyages to Chios (1569) 117.

Matthew of London, the, and
Levant trade (c. 151 1) v. 62.

Matthew of Westminster, on King
Edgar, i. 20.

Matthew Paris, see Paris.

Matthew, John, of the Edward
Cotton (1583) VI. 412.

Matthews, John, survivor of the
Toby (1593) VII. 129.

Mauci, Duke of Tartary, i. 74.

Mauneses, governor of Chios (1569)
V. hi; expelled from Chios, 112.

Maunsell, Richard, of the Eliza-
beth (1584) V. 281.

Maupas, garden of, in Rhodes, v.

25-
Maure Island, in Asia, v. 251.
Mauritania Caesariensis, see Bar-

bary.
Mausolus' tomb in Caria, v. 119.
Maustrond in Norway, 11. 64, 65.
Mawara river, between Cape Cecil

and Raleana, x. 459.
Maware town. Sir Walter Raleigh

at (1597) XI. 7.
Mawari river, x. 492.
Mawarpari river, x. 492.
Mawarparo river, between Cape

Cecil and Raleana river, x. 459.
Mawdly, Henry, burnt to death on

Puna Island (1587) xi. 318.
Mawewiron, see Mawerirou.
Mawerirou, Indian, Sir Walter

Raleigh and (1597) xi. 78.
Maworia, nation of the Wia, x. 490.
Mawronama, town on the Curitini,

X. 492 ; Sir Walter Raleigh at

(1597) XI. II.

Maxentius, Flavius Constantine and,
IV. 274.

Maximus, King of Britain (390) iv.
278.

May, Henry, Captain Raimond's
voyage to East Indies, written by
(1591) X. 194; wrecked on Ber-
muda Island (1593) 200; builds a
bark, 201 ; in Newfoundland,

parts from Captain de la Barbo-
tiere (1594) 203.

May, Richard, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) yi. 76, 78.

May, river of, in Florida, discovered
by Captain Ribault (1562) viii.
460 ; Captain Laudonniere at
(1564) IX. 6-14; Sir John Hawkins
at (1565) X. 51.

Mayaci Point, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, X. 301.

Mayarqua, on the river of May
(1564) IX. 33.

Maydstone. see Maidstone.

May Flower, the voyage to Guinea
of (1566) VI. 266; the fight of,
with Portuguese (1567) 282.

Mayflower, the, vice-admiral of the
Earl of Cumberland's fleet (1593),
the fight of, with Las Cinque
Llaguas, 119.

Maynarde, Thomas, ' Sir Francis
Drake, his voyage, 1595,' xii. 64;
quotation from, 66.

Mayne, Randall, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Mayo Island, see Maio.

Mayon, King in Florida (1562) viii.

474-

Mayor, Lord, of London, and the
Russian ambassador, 11. 355.

Mayrra, King, in Florida (1564) ix.
20.

Mazigam, conquered by Portuguese,
VIII. 127.

Mazovia, see Massovia.

Meaco, see Kyoto.

Mead, Russian drink, iii. 415.

Meadhole, in the Isle of Wight, vi.
284.^

Meani, Captain, of Perugia, ser-
geant major, killed at the defence
of Famagusta (1571) v. 137, 150.

Meani, or Temple, in China, de-
scription, VI. 305.

Measures, used in Russia, 11. 273,
294; of Babylon, by William Bar-
ret, VI. 10; of Bussorah, 11; of
Ormuz, 14 ; of Goa, 17 ; of Cochin
and Malacca, 21.

Meat, drying of, by the natives of
Cape Breton, viii. 160.

Mecala, dangers of the flats of, x.
302.

311

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Mecallawlch, Weskawate, Ivan,
Emperor of Russia's secretary, ii.
296.

Mecameca, Miles Phillips at (1580)

IX. 435-

Mecca, 11. 457; offering to Mahomet
sent to, III. 152 ; Persian pilgrims
to, 161, 162; trade with Diu, 377;
trade with Chaul, 470; trade with
Cairo (1584) v. 273, 344; pilgrim-
age of the Mahometans to, 329-
365; ginger found in, vi. 25;
senna found in, 27; port of, in
Arabia Felix, viii. 128.

Mechuacan, Indians of, and Friar
John de Padilla (1540) ix. 166;
John Chilton at (1572) 374;
copper mines in, 374; hot springs
in, 384; Friar Alonso, bishop of
(1590) X. 168.

Mecka, see Mecca.

Mecklenburg, Albert, prince of, 11.
68.

Medelin river, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, X. 297.

Media, see Shirvan.

Medices, John, and the Armada
(1588) IV. 205.

Medicine, art of, in China, vi. 353.

Medina, Duke of, and John de
Trexeda (1590) x. 160.

Medina, John Lopez de, and the
Armada (1588) iv. 200.

Medina, Pedro de, ' Arte de Nave-
gar ' by (1545) XII. 80

Medina, Mahomet's tomb in, v.
361 ; mosque in, 362.

Medina-Sidonia, Duke of, and the
intended English voyage to Guinea
(c. 1481) VI. 123.

Medina-Sidonia, Duke of, general of
the Armada (1588) iv. 199, 203,
209; and Hugo de Moncada, 215;
and the Prince of Parma, 219, 231 ;
letters from Lord Howard to
(1596) 263.

Medine, money of Babylon, vi. 10;
of Ormuz, 14.

Mediterranean Sea, ffi. 144; sailing
chart of the, engraving of, v. 512 ;
Levant Company's privileges to
trade in (1592) vi. 181 ; Contarenus
on the, vii. 167; and its tributaries,
176.

Mediterraneum, see Mediterranean.

Medkerk, Colonel, his regiment at
the taking of Puente de Burgos
(1589) VI. 492, 493; at the taking
of Lisbon, 497, 501.

Medlars, found in Virginia (1586)

VIII. 366; in Florida, 451.
Medon, Ralph Fitch in (c. 1583) v.

486.
Medus sent to Asia by Nimrod, in.

371-

Medusa, Queen of the Amazons of
Africa, x. 367.

Meere, Wolstan and, i. 15.

Meg, the, of the Earl of Cumber-
land's fleet (1589) VII. I, 2.

Megalandra, Solyman's pavilion at,
in Rhodes (1522) v. 21.

Megastenes on the Mandri, a people
of India, iv. 84, 189.

Mehemet Khan, son of Murad
Khan, vi. 116.

Meidenburg, Burgrave of, 11. 2.

Mekleburg, see Mecklenburg.

Melanogetuli, wandering tribe of
Africa, vi. 167.

Melaz, John, mentioned by Vasquez
de Coronado (1540) ix. 157.

Melchisedech, tomb of, in Jerusalem,
v. 211.

Meleda Island, under the govern-
ment of Ragusa, v. 79, 104 ; John
Locke at (1553) 103.

Melegettes, discovered by the Portu-
guese, VIII. 127.

Melendez, Don Pedro, and his ex-
pedition to New France (1565) ix.
91 ; enters Fort Caroline (1565)
95 ; and the French slain in
Florida (1568) 109; Roger Boden-
ham's voyage to New Spain with

(1564) 359-
Melendez, Pedro, admiral, and Sir
John Hawkins in Mexico Bay, x.

131-
Melendez, Pedro, governor of

Florida, nephew of Admiral Pedro

Melendez, ix. 1 13 ; governor of S.

Helena, in Florida (1586) x. 131.
Melgosa, Paul de, in Cevola (1540)

IX. I53-. .

Melic, legitimate son of the King of

Georgia, i. 86, 140.
Melick Zamba, King, south of Sene-

312

INDEX

gal (1591) VII. 92; Amar Meleck,
son of, 94.

Melinde, ambrachan found in, vi.
26; dente d'abolio found in, 27;
King of, in Africa, and Prester
John (1555) 169; discovered by
the Portuguese, viii. 128; Portu-
guese garrison at, 445 ; latitude
of, X. 195.

Melipotamo, town in Cyprus, v.
125.

Melistorte, Friar Odoric in (1330)
IV. 438.

Mella, found in Roumania, vi.
27.

Melleghete, found in western parts,
VI. 27.

Mellitus, Bishop, i. 309.

Melo, Friar Anthony de, of Captain
Ulloa's expedition (1540) ix. 266;
restores the seal skins to the In-
dians, 277.

Melo, Lewis de, exploration of Ma-
rafion or Amazon river by, xi.
242.

Melos Island, in the Archipelago, v.
250; Laurence Aldersey at (1586)
VI. 41.

Memel, Sir Jerome Horsey at (1584)

in- 345-

Memet, Chaggi, on the way from
Tabriz to Persia, 11. 484.

Memorancie, Cape, in Canada, dis-
covered by Jacques Cartier (1534)
VIII. 205.

Memphis, see Cairo.

Men, headless, description of, x.

4^5-

Menatoan's wife, taken by the Eng-
lish to Roanoke (1587) viii. 396.

Menatonon, ally of Pooneno and
Wingandacoa, viii. 307; King of
Chawanook, prisoner of Ralph
Lane in Virginia (1585) 322, 335;
Skiko, son of, 329; ally of Ralph
Lane, 339.

Mendanio, Alvares de, discoveries
of, XI. 288.

Mendez de Valdes, governor of
Puerto Rico, letter from to Don
Pedro de Xibar, x. 161.

Mendoqa, Anthony, see Don Antonio
de Mendoza.

Mendoga, Don Fernando de, captain

of the Madre de Dios (1592) vii.

115-

Mendoza, Don Garcia Urtado de,
viceroy of Peru (1590) x. 169.

Mendogino, Cape, distance from the
Cape of S. Lucas, ix. 336.

Mendoza, Anthony de, and the
Armada (1588) iv. 200.

Mendoza, Bernardino de, and the
Spanish reverse (1588) x. 255.

Mendoza, Don Antonio de, vii.
169 ; viceroy of Mexico, and
Don Ferdinando Cortes, ix.
115; Vasquez de Coronado's
letter (1539) 118; letter of,
to Charles V., 121; Indians of
Mexico and (1539) 123; gift from
Indians sent by Vasquez de Coro-
nado (1540) 161; account of Cap-
tain Alarchon's voyage and dis-
covery ordered by (1540) 279-318.

Mendoza, Don Garcia de, governor
of Chili, and the Straits of Magel-
lan, XI. 259; Chili subdued by,
277.

Mendoza, Don Pedro de, and the
first Spanish Colony on river
Plate, XI. 98; explores the river
Plate, 252 ; his death, 253.

Menego Isle, Charles Leigh at
(1597) VIII. 167, 172; description
of, 181.

Menelaus, King of Cerigo, v. 250.

Meneses, Don Gonsalo de, captain
of Ormuz (c. 1584) v. 507.

Menetow, a knight of Rhodes, at le
Fisco (1522) V. 12.

Mengu, see Mangu Khan.

Meniti, Tartars and, i. 86.

Mennones, people of Africa, vi. 169.

Menquit, native name for Ramea,
VIII. 157.

Mensurado, Cape, description of, vi.
158; William Towerson at (1557)
229; the Richard of Arundel at
(1588) 451.

Mentz, in Germany, xi. 441 ; arch-
bishop of, and the Normandy pil-
grims to Jerusalem (1064) iv. 291.

Meotis Palus, see Azov.

Mepenes nation, mentioned in Rut-
tier, XI. 100.

Mequaretas, Los, nation, mentioned
in the Ruttier, xi. 100.

XII

Z^Z

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Merall, Sir Andrew de, knight
of Rhodes, traitor, v. 4; and
Solyman, 5, 35 ; Blasie, servant of,
40.

Mercator, Gerard, i. liii. f. ; account
of Nicholas of Lynn's voyage, 302,
in. 210; his map, 211, 460, vn.
203 ; letter to Hakluyt, in. 275-
292 ; portrait of, 288 ; John Balak's
letters to, 450-457 ; on Iceland, iv.
10, 99 ; his opinion on the north
passage, vn. 194; and Hakluyt,
xn. 75.

Mercenaries, in the Russian army,
ni- 379.

Merchant Adventurers, Company of,
XII. 22.

Merchant, Captain John, land cap-
tain in Sir Francis Drake's fleet
(1585) X. 98.

Merchant, Spanish, from Jamaica,
return home of (1565) x. 43.

Merchant Royal, the, at Flores

(1590) vm. 421.

Merchant Royal, the, of the English
merchant's fleet (1586) vi. 47; at
Zante, 48 ; flagship of the English
merchants' fleet, 50; vice-admiral
in the voyage to the East Indies

(1591) 387; Abraham Kendal,
master of, 390; returns to Eng-
land, VI. 390, X. 194; at S. Helena,
VI. 402; sent to Peniche (1589)
511 ; Samuel Foxcroft, captain of,
X. 194.

Merchants, Company of, and the
Virginian patent of Sir Walter
Raleigh (1588) xii. 87.

Merchants, English, and foreign, i.
310-320; protection of the Eng-
lish, 311, 313; English and Nor-
wegian, 321, 349; English, ar-
rested in Norway, 341 f., 343 f.,
347 f. ; and the Livonian ships, n.
i4» 33 ; and their goods seized in
Prussia, 15-18, 19; agreement be-
tween, and Prussian, 20 f. ; privi-
leges of, and Prussian, 23 ; busi-
ness prohibited between, and Prus-
sian in (1404) 28 f. ; and the Prus-
sian laws, 52 ; their unfairness to
foreigners, 72 ; excluded from
foreign markets, 80 ; and Hanse
league (1407) 81; commercial

facilities to, and Prussian (1409)
99; charter granted to (1404) io8f.,
(1462) 147; in Denmark, 113; in
foreign marts, 128 ; confiscations
and forfeitures for fraud, 154; taxes
on goods, 155 f. ; regulations for,
by Cabot (1553) 200 f. ; advice to,
by Cabot, 202-205 ; their interest
in finding new foreign markets,
239 f. ; privileges granted to, in
Russia, 271 ; privileges to, and
Russian (1555) 280; settled in
Russia as the Muscovy Company
(1555) 281-303 ; received by the Em-
peror of Russia, 292 ; met by Rus-
sian merchants, 293 ; Queen Mary's
charter to (1555) 304; free to trade
in Narva, 486 ; and Russians, iii.
(1563) 4i» 235, 316, 420; and the
discovery of new trades, 87; and
the Russian privileges (1567)92-97,
111-116; and Turkish (1568) 141;
licensed to own houses in Persia
(1568) 147; return of, to Yaroslavl,
156; detained at Astrakhan by
Russian officials (1572) 181; offend
the Emperor of Russia (1572) 187;
granted free pardon by Emperor
of Russia, III. 188, 189; rivalry
between, and Dutch at Kola
(1578) 209; at Yaroslavl (1579)
215, 246; at Nizhniy Nov-
gorod and Kazan, 215; at
Astrakhan, 217, 245; at Bil-
dih (1580) 224; at Derbent (1580)
228 ; and the Pasha of Derbent,
228, 232 ; distress of, in the Cas-
pian Sea, 241-245; attacked by
Nagay Tartars, 244; and Dutch,
in Russia (1583) 316; friendless
state of, at the Russian court
(1583) 317; compensations obtained
for, by Sir Jerome Bowes, of the
Emperor of Russia (1583) 324;
leave Russia, 352 ; and the
Russian trade, 420-427, 431-443;
in Russia, protected by Boris Feo-
dorowich (1592) 435, 438; house
at Moscow given to, 443 ; and
John I. of Portugal (1415) iv.
367, 368; and foreign shipping,
v. 63 ; privileges granted to, by
Murad Khan (1579) 170-178;
charter of privileges, by Murad

314

INDEX

Khan, 178; molested in Patras
(1584) 283; by King of Tripolis,
297-321; in Ormuz, 459; com-
mandments in favour of, 285 ;
Queen Elizabeth's letter concern-
ing (1584) 311; in Cambay (1583)
450; in China, 451; privileges
granted, by Peter, Prince of Mol-
davia (1588) VI. 59; in the Levant,
privileges granted, by Queen
Elizabeth (1592) 73-92 ; at conquest
of Ceuta by Portuguese (1415) 121 ;
trade in Canaries (1526) 124;
fight with Spaniards (1552) 139;
in Guinea and Benin (1553) 141,
196; at the Castle of Mina, 201;
and the Portuguese, 203 ; treach-
ery of natives against, in Guinea
(1556) 207; and the French ships
in Guinea (1556) 213; as ambas-
sadors in Canaries (1577) 235; and
French, on Guinea coast (1562)
258 ; fight between, and Portu-
guese (1562) 278, 280; negro
treachery towards, at Cape Verde
(1567) 272 ; trading in S.Iago,276;
and French, at the reception of
Edmund Hogan at Morocco (1577)
287 ; Mully Abdelmelech and the,
290 ; privileges of the Emperor of
Morocco to (1577) 292 ; and foreign,
reception of the, by Henry
Roberts (1585) 427; and the edict
of Mully Hamed, Emperor of Mor-
occo (1587) 428, 429; in Benin
(1588) 450-458, 458-461 ; privileges
granted to, in Senegal and Gam-
bia (1588) VII. 90; killed in Porto
d'Ally, 91 ; and goods detained
at Joala (1591) 96; English,
of Morocco, and the captives
of the Moors (1593) 128; in
Newfoundland (1583) viii. 52;
adventurers in the Western Plant-
ing, 113; company of, for dis-
coveries in America (1583) 134;
in Grand Canary Island (1555)
IX. 341 ; of Southampton, voy-
ages to Brazil by, xi. 25 ; of
Brunswick, and Henry HI.'s
charter, i. 323; Chinese, vi. 326;
of Cologne, and Henry HI. i.
323; Danish, and Henry HI.'s
charter, 325 ; Dutch rivalry with

English, at Kola in Russia (1578)
III. 209; in Russia (1583) 316;
foreign, i. 310-320; and Edward
I., 327; arbitrary arrest of, 11. 73 ;
in Iceland, iv. 67, 168; and
brokers in Cambaietta, v. 375 ; in
Cathay, vii. 201 ; French, in Kola,
Russia, III. 470; on Guinea coast
(1562) VI. 258; German, and
Henry HI.'s and Edward I.'s
charters, 1. 326; Hanse, and
Henry IV. of England, 11. 55-67;
grievances of (1407) 72-79: and
the English merchants, 81 f. ;
Kaffir and Portuguese, v. 444; of
Liibeck, and Henry HI.'s charter,

I. 325 ; Norwegian and English,
321, 344; of Pegu, business ways
of, v. 432 ; Portuguese, and
Kaffir, v. 444 ; and the English,
VI. 203, 260, 278; Prussian, de-
spoiled by the English, 11. 13 f. ;
agreement between English and,
20 f. ; privileges of, 23 ; suffer-
ings of, 26; business prohibited
between English and, 28 f. ; com-
mercial facilities to, 99; of Rhodes,
and the Grand Master (1522) v.
44 f. ; of Riohacha, accounts of
Eldorado by (1594) x. 440; Rus-
sian, privileges to, 11. 280; Em-
peror of Russians a merchant,
277; and English merchants, iii.
41, 316, 420, 435; in Bottanter,v.
483 ; Saracen, William Longesp^e
and the (1249) iv. 354; of Seville,
fleet of, for the discovery of the
Moluccas (1527) XI. 91; Turkish,
in Sudak, i. 230; and the English,
III. 141 ; privileges demanded by
Murad Khan for (1579) v. 169;
granted by Queen Elizabeth,

Merchants, Island of, near Kazan,
great market centre, 11. 451.

Merchants' Isle, the Sunshine at
(1586) VII. 411; John Davys's
fleet at, 417.

Merchena, Dr. Leigh's servant in,

II. 164.

Merclas, or Saracens, i. 260.
Merdin, in Armenia, v. 505.
Merdui, see Merclas.
Meredith, son of Rhesus, his verses

31S

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

on Madoc, son of Owen Gwynedd
(c. 1447) VII. 135.

Merick, Andrew, captain of the De-
light in John Chidley's voyage
(1589) XI. 381.

Mericke, Sir Gilly, see Meyrick.

Mericke, Sir William, see Meyrick.

Merida, birth-place of Francis
d'UUoa, IX. 374.

Merida, in Campeachy, on the Tal-
asco river, ix. 374.

Merida, in Nuevo Reyno de Gran-
ada, X. 363.

Merike, see Meyrick.

Merkat, a tribe of Tartary, i. 68,
86, 142 ; vanquished by Jenghiz
Khan, 143.

Merkiti, see Merkat.

Merlin, the, and proposed voyage to
Guinea (1564) vi. 262, x. 9; voy-
age to West Indies (1564) vi. 263 ;
loss, 264, X. 10.

Merlowe, Richard, English ambas-
sador, II. 98, 106.

Mermaid, the, ship of Sir Anthony
Sherley, left to the Earl of Essex
^1596) X. 266.

Mermaid of Dartmouth, the, John
Davys 's second voyage in, for the
discovery of the north-west pass-
age (1586) VII. 393; forsakes
John Davys (1586) 442.

Meroe island, in the Nile, vi. 168.

Meropius, philosopher of Tyre, viii.
104; death of, in India, 104.

Merosro, gulf of, iii. 280.

Merrick, Hugh, captain of the
Prudence (1591) x. 184.

Merrimoth, Emme, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) viii. 403.

Mersalquiber, port of Oram, vi.

143-
Mersey, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 299.
Mersh, John, esquire, 11. 362.
Mersh, John, granted Russian

license (1569) iii. 109.
Mersh, Thomas, and Prussian

pirates, 11. 63.
Mervin, Master, in the Earl of

Cumberland's voyage (1589) vii.

I.
Meschora, province of Russia, iii.

359-

Meskit, Ismael Sophi's burial-place,

III. 26.

Mesquinez, fruit of New Spain, de-
scription, IX. 382.
Messana, see Messina,
Messania, sweet-smelling pond in,

IV. 39. 134-

Messenger of the Admiral of Jaffa
and Prince Edward (1270) iv. 363;
Portuguese and Captain Sampson
at S. lago Island (1585) x. 106.

Messenger, the, at Liberty Island
(1591) VII. 92.

Messina, rising in, against the Eng-
lish (1190) IV. 323; taken by the
English, 324 ; the Matthew Gon-
son at (1535) v. 68, 117; Roger
Bodenham at (1551) 72, 76; port
for Tripolis, 212.

Mestizo or half caste, ix. 431; com-
panion of Friar Augustin Ruiz
(1581) IX. 187.

Mestizos of De la Paz town and the
smallpox (1590) X. 171.

Mestiso, Mestisa, see Mestizo.

Mestitlan, Indian city of Panuco, ix.
■ 370 ; Anthony Godard and his men
at (1568) 417.

Mestre, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

Mestre Alvaro, Sierra de, mentioned
in the Ruttier, xi. 81.

Mesureur, killed in the Indians' am-
bush (1565) IX. 94.

Meta river, x. 408; tributary of the
Baraquan, in Guiana, x. 365, 407;
source of, 368.

Metackweni, native town in Virginia
(1585) VIII. 322.

Meta Incognita, or North-west,
English voyages to (1495) vii. 141,
143 ; Captain Frobisher's first
voyage to (1576) 204-211, 279-283;
second voyage (1577) 211-230, 284-
319; third voyage (1578) 231-242,
243-244; vocabulary (1576) 211;
people, 262 ; inhabited, 277 ; Cap-
tain Frobisher takes possession of,
in Queen Elizabeth's name (1577)
282; products (1577) 291, 298;
winter houses of, 300 ; named by
Queen Elizabeth, 320, viii. 2 ;
map of, engraving of, vii. 336;
description (1578) vii. 367-375;

16

INDEX

natives of, broug-ht to England

by Captain Frobisher, ix. 167;

discovered by Frobisher, xii. 27.
Metelin, commandment to the Beys

and Cadies of (1584) v. 290.
Metelin Island, near Natolia, v.

251.
Meteran, Emanuel van, * History of

the Low Countries ' by, iv. 197-

234-

Meticals, weight of Bussorah, vi.
12 ; of Ormuz, 14.

Metingham, John of, witness of Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, i. 296.

Metrals, money of Babylon, vi. 10.

Metrit, a tribe of Tartary, i. 68, 142 ;
vanquished by Jenghiz Khan, 143.

Metrodorus, India the great dis-
covered by, VIII. 104.

Metropolitan of Moscow, 11. 226, 423,
433 » 439; ^t the blessing of the
Moskva, 432 ; made abbot of Sol-
ofky monastery, iii. 75 ; at the
coronation of the Emperor of
Russia (1584) 338; of Mangu-
slave, II. 460; of Bokhara, 470,

474-

Mewestone, see Mew Stone.

Mew Stone rock, the, near Ply-
mouth, VI. 462 ; island like, in
West Indies, x. 233.

Mexia, Don Augustin de, colonel in
the Armada (1588) iv. 202.

Mexico, ship from, captured by Eng-
lish (1589) VII. 20; Vasquez de
Coronado's voyage to Sierra Nev-
ada, 170; conquest of, by Her-
nando Cortez, VIII. 95 ; Monte-
zuma, Emperor of, 124; map of
(1587) 272, voyage to, ix. 115; Don
Antonio de Mendoza, governor of,
115; Indians of, and Don Antonio
de Mendoza (1539) 123; return of
Spaniards (1542) 165; return of
Andrew de Campo, 166 ; discovery
of, by Friar Augustin Ruyz and
Antonio de Espejo (1581-1583) 169-
204; Antonio de Espejo in (1582)
194; or Cibola, Bartholomew
Cano on (1590) 204; S. Juan
d'Ulloa port, 343; description,
by Robert Tomson (1558) 355,
357 ; products, 358, 382 ; conquest
(1519-1520) 358; John Chilton in

(1572) 370; Spanish goods from
Vera Cruz to (1572) 379; Sir John
Hawkins's message to the viceroy
(1568) 402; Don Martin de Hen-
riques, viceroy, 403 ; Anthony God-
ard and his men at, 420, 458 ; In-
quisition in (1574) 424; Miles
Philips taken back to, in irons
(1580) 437, 438; viceroy of, and
Sir John Hawkins (1568) x. 69;
conquered by Spain, xii. 20.

Mexico, chief town of New Spain,
or Mexico, xi. 287 ; description of,
by Robert Tomson, ix. 35^, 357;
by Roger Bodenham, 359 ; by
Henry Hawks, 380; by Job
Hartop, 457.

Mexico Bay, strong sea currents
from Ireland to, vii. 337 ; latitude
of, VIII. 450; Sir John Hawkins
lands in (1568) ix. 408, x. 73;
voyage of William Nicholson to
(1589) 156; voyage of William
King to (1592) 190; Englishmen
landed at, by Sir John Hawkins,
XII. 50.

Meyer, Hermann, deputy for Wismar
and Rostock, 11. 60, 79.

Meylleraye, Sir Charles of, see
Mouy.

Meyrick, Sir Gilly, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259

Meyrick, or Merick, Sir John,
licensed to trade in Russia free
from customs (1592) iii. 440; on
the death of Feodor Ivanowich,
Emperor of Russia (1597) 448.

Meyrick, Sir William, governor of
the Muscovy Company, 11. 410,
III, 14.

Mezen, shoals near, 11. 328; English
trade in, restricted to Muscovy
Company, iii. 97; English mer-
chants in, 116.

Mezen river, iii. 406.

Mezena, see Mezen

Mezzo, Isola de, John Locke at
(1553) V. 79.

Miac6, see Kyoto.

Michseas, Governor, and John de
de Piano Carpini, i. 160.

Michael, i. 85.

Michael, bishop of Sodor and Man,
I- 33-

317

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Michael, eighteenth bishop of Schal-
holt, in Iceland (385) iv. 56,

^55-

Michael, personage in the dialogue
about China, vi. 348-377.

Michael, prince of Walachia, vi.
102.

Michael, surgeon of Andrew
Barker's ship, killed at S. Fran-
cisco Island (1576) X. 86.

Michael de Truxillo, half-caste taken
by Thomas Cavendish (1587) xi.
320.

Michael, or Mighel, Godekin, and
the English ship, n. 60, 61, 64,
70.

Michael Kuchenmeister, twenty-fifth
master of the Dutch knights, 11.
8.

Michael, Thomas, sent from Santos
to Baya (1581) xi. 36.

Michael, the, of Yarmouth, 11. 64.

Michael, the, in Captain Frobisher's
first voyage (1576) vii, 204, 279;
second voyage (1577) 212, 219, 284,
287; third voyage (1578) 233; in
a storm (1578) 238, 290; dangers
of, 298; return to Yarmouth, 315;
tidings of (1577) 318; Kinersley,
captain of (1578) 322; attendant
on the Thotnas Allen, 325; miss-
ing, 329; found, 344; left in
Bears' Sound, 365.

Michael Archangel, see Archangel.

Michelson, William, captain of the
Dog, voyage of, to Mexico (1589)
X. 156.

Micone Island, Roger Bodenham
at (1551) V. 73.

Middelburg, n. 84; chapel to St.
Thomas in, 154; in the Isle of
Walcheren, v. 320; flyboats of,
and Sir Amyas de Preston (1595)
X. 217.

Middleborough, see Middelburg.

Middleburg, see Middelburg.

Middleton, Captain, at the taking
of Puente de Burgos (1589) vi.
492; and the Armada (1591) vii.
41.

Middleton, George, English messen-
ger to Russia (1572) III. 174; his
punishment requested by the Em-
peror of Russia, 192.

Middleton, Thomas, of the Levant

Company (1592) vi. 88.
Midian, city of, v. 347.
Midianites, Gideon and the, viii.

103.
Midnall, Thomas, Nicholas Thome's

letter to (c. 1526) vi. 124; factor

of Nicholas Thorne (1526) x. 6.
Mifa, Monsieur, French captain

wounded at the siege of Cabodelo

(1597) XI. 67.
Mikita Romanowich and Ivan

Vasiliwich, 11. 191.
Milbrooke, the pirate purser and

(1583) XI. 202.
Milford Haven, Captain Frobisher

returns to (1577) vii. 230, 318;

Sir Amyas de Preston returns

(1595) X. 226.
Milk, Cape of, in Canada, dis-
covered by Jacques Cartier (1534)

VIII. 190.
Mill, Walter, in Virginia (1585) viii.

318.
Millard, William, in Virginia (1585)

viii. 318.
Millecbap, Nicholas, stones like

sapphires found in Guiana by

(1595) X. 405.
Miller, Rowland, distress of, at

Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.
Millers, Harvey, consul for Egypt

(1583XV. 259.
Mills, English, for cloths, v. 236.
Milo, see Melos.

Mimaces, people of Libya, vi. 168.
Mimant Island, despoiled by

Zichrnni (c. 1380) vii. 451.
Mimbres, shoals of the, or the

Osiers, in the Ruttiers, x. 298, 325,

334- 337-
Mina, near Mecca, v. 355 ; fair in,

35«.

Mina, Castle of, vi. 201, 203; or
La mina, Portuguese possession,
VI. 146, 148, 160 ; garrison in,
200, 452 ; William Towerson at
(1556) 212, 216; projected Eng-
lish fort on the coast near (1561)
VI. 253 ; governor and renters of
(1591) VII. 98; built by the Portu-
guese, VIII. 127.

Mina river, vi. 148.

Minas Viejas, Sierras de las, in S.

3>8

INDEX

Domingo, x. 283 ; near Velo Alto
harbour, 291, 312.

Mindanao Island, the Portuguese
at, VIII. 129; latitude of, xi. 351;
distance from Cape Cannal, 365.

Mindoro Island, one of the Philip-
pines, Captain Gualle at (1584) ix.
330, 331; latitude of, 330.

Mindoro town, ix. 330.

Minehead, in Somersetshire, vi.
138.

Miners, thirty, sent to Meta Incog-
nita to winter (1578) vii. 321, 330;
found by Captain Best, 360.

Mines, iron, of Wichida, open to
English merchants (1569) iii. 113;
silver, in Japan, account of, iv. 39,
135 ; brimstone in Iceland, Mun-
ster's Slawkow, v. 326; lead, at
VI. 328, 333 ; in Ireland, vii. 28 ;
gold, in America, 160; in Anne
of Warwick's Island (1578) 239,
^48 ; silver, in Orkney Islands, 286 ;
lead and silver, near Hall's Island

(1577) 296, 348; of Countess of
Sussex Island, named by Captain
Yorke, 360 ; of iron and copper,
in Iron Island, Newfoundland

(1578) VIII. 15, 60; of iron in
Canada, 268; in Virginia, 356; of
copper in Chaunis Temoatan, 328;
discovered by Antonio de Espejo
(1582) IX. 201 ; of gold and silver
in California, 318; silver in
Mexico, 358, 382 ; silver in Tama-
scaltepec, 364; silver in Toma-
angua and gold in Nicaragua, 367 ;
in Sacatecas, 373 ; in Mechuacan
(1572) 374; fifth part of the, re-
quired by the King of Spain, 375 ;
in New Spain, 385, 388; copper
and lead, in New Spain, 388;
silver, at Pachuca, 418 ; Anthony
Godard and his men working as
slaves in, 423 ; gold, of the Caribs
(1565) X. 30; gold and silver in
Hispaniola, 115; copper dis-
covered in Cuba (1590) 160; of
gold and silver in China, 165 ; of
Potosi, in Peru, 170; of silver in
Marequita (1590) 175; in Peru,
177; of marcasite in Trinidad
Island (1595) 205; gold in Sea-
wano and Waliame, 207; in

Guiana, 389; silver near the
Caroli river, 403 ; gold in Ico-
nuri Mountains, 416; in Guiana,
and the life of Morequito,
468; of silver and gold at St.
Vincent, xi. 26; use of, forbidden
to Portuguese (1581) 38; silver,
found at Copaoba by Daurmigas,
67; gold, Indians constrained by
Spaniards to work the, 275.

Mines, under the town of Rhodes,
during the siege (1522) v. 26, 28,
30, 36, 38; in Famagusta (1571)
134, 140, 142.

Minho river, and the defence of
Spain, X. 96.

Minibar, see Malabar.

Minion, the, of Queen Elizabeth's
navy, flagship, voyage of, to
Guinea (1577) vi. 231, 234; at
Cape Verde, 237 ; at Egrand, 242 ;
unsound state of (1552) 255; voy-
age to Guinea of (1562) 258;
and the proposed voyage to Guinea
(1564) 262 ; and Sir John Hawkins'
voyage to the West Indies (1564)
263 ; escort to Henry Roberts
(1585) 426; in Sir John Haw-
kins' fleet (1567) IX. 398, 445;
fight with Spaniards at S. Juan-
d'Ulloa (1568) 406, 452, X. 71,
XII. 50 ; escape of, ix. 407, x. 72 ;
engraving of, ix. 432 ; at Car-
tagena (1568) IX. 450; bound for
Guinea (1564) x. 9; and the Portu-
guese galleys in Guinea (1565) 35;
third voyage of Sir John Hawkins
to Guinea and the West Indies
with (1567-8) 64; Thomas Seeley,
captain of (1585) 98.

Minion, the, and the Spanish ships
(1590) VII. 31, 32; in M. Hore's
voyage to Newfoundland (1536)

VIII. 3.

Minion of London, the, and the ad-
venturers' letter to John Whithall
(1580) XI. 31 ; voyage of, to Brazil
(1580) 34; Brazil trade of, 194;
and Abraham Cocke (1581) 208;
at St. Vincent (1581) 295.

Minno, see Minho.

Minorca, in Thome's map, 11. 171.

Minsapa, Pan de, in the hills of S.
Martin, x. 296, 322.

319

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Minshaw, Captain, and the Spanish

hulk (1589) VI. 512.
Mint, the, M. Palmer, comptroller

of, X. 344.
Mirabolans, found in Cambay, vi.

25-
Miramontes, see Suasola.
' Miranda,' or Virginia Dare, born

in Virginia, xii. 112.
Mire, Francis de, in Francis de

Roberval's voyage (1542) viii.

283.
Mirescoge Monastery, founded by

King Godred, i. 32 f.
Miritius, Johannes, bishop of Holen,

in Iceland, iv. 11, 14, 99, 102.
Mirozu, the learned man of Japan,

Combendaxis, founder of Coia

and, VI. 339.
Misena, Radera river in, coloured

water of, iv. 38, 134.
Missagh, Laurence Aldersey in

(1581) V. 207, 213.
Missionaries, Franciscan, discoveries

of, XII. II.

Misteca, silk found in, ix. 358.
Mito, Sir Jerome Horsey at (1584)

!"• 345-

Mitylene, Richard Wrag at (1594)
VI. 107.

Moa, Cayo or shoal of, x. 301, 304.

Moals or Tartars, i. 263, 266 ; op-
pressed by Vut Khan, 268.

Mobar, Kingdom of, iv. 414.

Mocha, La, island, xi. 278, 349, 360,
372; Sir Francis Drake at (1578)
113; Sir Francis Drake wounded
at, by Indians, 260; Thomas
Cavendish at (1587) 302, 367,

Modon, Turks at, v. 47; John
Locke at (1553) 84; description
of, loi ; oil trade in, 114; town
and castle of, 250.

Moptis, see Azov, Sea of.

Mogador, Isle of, John White and
the Moonshine at (1590) viii. 406;
the George Nohle sent to, by Sir
Anthony Sherley (1596) x. 267;
Sir Francis Drake at (1577) xi.
102; John Winter at (1577) 149;
latitude of, 150, 348.

Mogores, white people of Pekin, vi.
323 ; kingdom of, in China, xi.
378.

Mogotes, Los tres, mentioned in the
Ruttier, xi. 97.

Mohotze, Antonio de Espejo in (1582)
IX. 199.

Moile, headland in the Sound of
Norway, iii. 282.

Moiobamba, spring of the Orellana
river, x, 499.

Moislave, iii. 80, 81.

Moldavia, Stephen, Palatine of, 11.
189; William Harborne in (1578)
V. 169, (1588) VI. 58; Henry Aus-
tell through (1585) V. 325; Peter,
prince of, and Henry Austell, 325,
328 ; privilege granted to English
merchants by the Prince of, vi.
59; Aron Voivoda, prince of, and
the bearers of the Sultana's letter
to Queen Elizabeth (1593) 102.

Moletius, Joseph, his opinion on
north passage, vii. 193 ; his map
of the globe, 203.

Molgomzes. Arthur Pet's proposed
voyage to the land of, iii. 257.

Moliapor, see Mobar.

Molibae, people of East Africa, vi.
169.

Molili, people of East Africa, vi.
169.

Molins, see Moulins.

Mollineux, Emmerie, of Lambeth,
terrestrial globe of, i. xxx.

Molloua, king in Florida, and Cap-
tain Vasseur (1564) ix. 20, 22 ; and
Captain Gourgues (1567) 102.

Molmore, son of Nel, and Loglen, i.
38 f.

Molona King, and Captain Vasseur
(1564) IX. 22; and Sergeant la
Caille, 23 ; King Malica, brother
of, 25.

Molton, Richard, surgeon on the
Bona Esperanza (1553) n. 213.

Molucca spices, first importation in
England, i. xxiv.

Moluccas, the, Sir Francis Drake at,
and the Portuguese galleon (1583)
V. 459 ; the, trade with Malacca,
498 ; cloves found in, 504, vi. 24 ;
monsoon from Goa to, 32 ; Ber-
nard de la Torre's voyage to (1542)
vii, 169; four ways to, 191; fer-
tility, 254; heat, 258; people, 261;
passage from Grand Bay to,

320

INDEX

probabilities of a, viii. 112;
spiceries of, 129 ; the, Portuguese
garrison at, 445 ; Sir Francis
Drake at (1579) xi. 124, xii. 61;
Thomas Cavendish at (1588) xi.
370; islands near, discovered by
Thomas Cavendish (1588) 336;
death of Magellan at, 257; map
of, engraving of, 458.

Moluccoes, see Moluccas.

Molucques, see Moluccas.

Molves, see Gasp6.

Mombasa, discovered by the Portu-
guese, VIII. 128.

Momfry, Peter, burnt by the Inquisi-
tion in Mexico (1575) ix. 428.

Momia, found in Cairo, vi. 26.

Mompatar, Margarita north of, x.
362.

Mompox, in New Kingdom of
Granada, xi. 235.

Mona, Isle of, the Edward Bona-
venture at (1593) vi. 403, 405;
John White and the Spaniards at
(1590) VIII. 408; Portuguese
family at, and Christopher New-
port (1591) x. 185; William King
at (1592) 191 ; the Edward Bona-
venture and Charles de la Bar-
botiere at (1593) 198; Sir Robert
Dudley at (1594) 203; Sir Francis
Drake at (1595) 232; latitude of,
marks of, described in the Rut-
tiers, 283, 311; Captain Lancaster
and John Noyer at (1594) xi.

53-

Monardes, * The Joyful News from
the West Indies ' by, viii. 355 ;
on roots, 364; on laurel, 372.

Monardus on the uses of the arma-
dillo's horn, X. 399.

Monasteries, in Russia, 11. 267, 440;
of idolaters in Caitan, iv. 424; in
Japan, vi. 336; Augustinian, in
Chanchinoltepec, and Guaxutla
(1572) IX. 370; in Shallapa, burnt
by Indians, 372 ; in Cartagena,
X. 137; in Panama, 148; Domini-
can, in Mexico (1557) ix. 351; in
Cartagena, x. 137; in Panama,
148; Franciscan, in Cartagena, x.
137; in Panama, 148; in Cam-
peachy, 279.

Monax, in Sir Walter Raleigh's

third voyage to Guiana (1597) xi.

8; and Leonard of Cawe, 11.
Monbaza, see Mombasa.
Moncada, Hugo de, and the Armada

(1588) IV. 200, 215; his galleass.

cast on a shoal at Calais, 223, vii.

39-

Monchico, Sierras de, mentioned m
the Ruttier, x. 300.

Mondenstova, Stephen Borough and
(1557) II. 363.

Monek of Elbing, Prussian ambas-
sador to England, 11. 37, 38, 48.

Money, of Hang-chow, iv. 426 ; of
Janzu, 428 ; of Mancy, 437 ; of
Pegu, V. 431-433. 437, 492; of
Babylon, by William Barret, vi.
10; of Bussorah, 11; of Ormuz,,
14; of Goa, 17; of Cochin and
Malacca, 21 ; Venetian, in Ormuz,

15-
Mongols, I. 68 f. ; Great or Yeka, a

tribe of Tartary, 142 f.
Monhaim, see Mannheim.
Monjas Islands, Sir Francis Drake

in sight of (1595) x. 233; birds in,

mentioned in the Ruttier, 287.
Monjoy, Buttoll, and John Locke

(1561) VI. 255.
Monkey, the, John White in (1587)

VIII. 401.
Monke5^s, found in Guiana, xi. 14.
Monks, in Russia, 11. 238, 265, 267,,

423, 440; as merchants, 441.
Monluc, M., Captain Gourgues and„

at Bordeaux (1568) ix. no.
Monserate, see Montserrat.
Monserrata, see Montserrat.
Monson, Sir William (1569-1643),.

knighted at Cadiz (1596) iv. 259;

captain of the Meg (1589) vii. i,

2 ; near Terceira, 5 ; in St. George

Island, 17; in the Victory, 18;

Author of ' Naval Tracts,' xii. 67.
Monsons, see Monsoons.
Monsoons, vi. 28, xi. 80.
Monsor, Alcaide, in Gago (1594) vii.

100.
Monsor, Rico, in Gago (1594) vii.

100.
Monsters, i. 69, 77, 78; dogs, 71 f. ;

in Kara-Cathay, 143 f. ; Jenghiz

Khan and the, 147; northern,

I53> i54» 166; in Russia, iii.

321

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

410; sea, met by Sir Humphrey
Gilbert near Newfoundland, vni.
70; at Sierra Leone, description
of, XI. 206.

Montague, Viscount, a Russian am-
bassador, II. 355.

Montaigne, essay of, on ' Cannibals,'
XII. 113.

Montamas, Rio de las, marks of, in
second Ruttier, x. 317.

Montanno, archer of Captain Ulloa,
courage of (1539) ix. 238.

Montcevell father of Claude de
Pont Briand (1535) viii. 210.

Monte, Camillo de, camp-master, of
the Armada (1588) iv. 205.

Monte, Cape de, vi. 158; currents
off, 161 ; William Towerson at
(1556) 211, (1577) 238; the Richard
of Arundel at (1588) 451, 455.

Monte Christi, port in Hispaniola,
Sir John Hawkins at (1562) x.
8.

Monte Corvino, John de, travels of,
XII. 12.

Mont-de-Marsan, in Guienne, birth-
place of Captain Gourgues, ix.
III.

Monterey, Conde of, and the defence
of Spain (1585) x. 96.

Montesino, Friar Francis, his
attempt to discover Guiana, x.
499.

Montezuma, Emperor of Mexico, ix.
356, 396, X. 355 ; address to his
subjects, VIII. 108; prisoner of
Cortez, 124; houses of, ix. 356;
wealth and character of, 396.

Montfort, Simon, Earl of Leicester,
his voyage to Syria (1240) iv. 352.

Month, Duke, i. 163, 165, 178.

Montreal, viii. 232, 236.

Montserrat Island, Spanish pos-
session (1564) IX. 5, X. 282;
marks of, described in the second
Ruttier, 308; latitude of, 338;
longitude from, to S. Cruz, 336;
Sir Francis Drake at (1595) 229;
Sir Walter Raleigh in sight of
(1597) XI. 15.

Monts Notre Dame, Cape des, lati-
tude of, VIII. 277.

Montu, on the river Thalay, in the
land of Pygmaei, navy of, iv. 428.

Monument erected by Sir Francis
Drake in Nova Albion (1579) xi.
123.

Monuments of Cairo, v. 334.

Monville de Hage, near Cherbourg,
XI. 384.

Monzoins, see Monsoons.

Moon, eclipse of the (1580) iii. 218,
(15th September, 1578) xi. 112,
159; worship of, in India, vi. 11 1 ;
King David on the, 171 ; or
Chinese month, 297 ; feast of the,
306.

Moon, mountains of the, in Africa,
VI. 170.

Moon, the, and the first voyage to
Guinea (1553) vi. 145.

Moon, the, Upcot, captain of, in
Captain Frobisher's third voyage
(1578) VII. 322 ; attendant on the
Aid, 324; in a storm, 344; miss-
ing, 349 ; in distress, 350 ; helps
the Anne Francis, 356.

Moone, John, condemned to the gal-
levs by the Inquisition in Mexico
(1575) IX. 428.

Moone, Richard, his prizes (1586) vi.

437-
Moone, Thomas, and the Spaniard

of Aguatulco (1578) IX. 320.
Moone, Thomas, captain of the

Francis (1585) x. 98; and the

boats in Cartagena harbour (1586)

X. 124; death of, 190.
Moone, Thomas, and the Spaniards

(1578) XI. 113; gold taken by

(1579) 117-

Moonlight, the. Captain Cooke and
(1590) VIII. 411 ; return of, to Eng-
land, 419; at Flores, 421.

Moonshine, the, of London, at
Algiers (15S6) vi. 46.

Moonshine of Dartmouth, the, in
John Davys 's first voyage (1585)
vn. 382, 393; second voyage, 393-

413-
Moonshine, the, at the isle of Moga-

dor (1590) VIII. 406.
Moore, John, mariner on the Bona

Confidentia (1553) n. 214.
Moore, John, gunner (1579) ni.

218.
Moore, M., voyage of, ship-owner,

to Mexico Bay (1592) x. 190.

322

NDEX

Moore, Robert, of Harwich in Essex,
freed slave (1577) v. 157.

Moore, Sir Thomas, and the ambas-
sadors from Hungary (1527) v.
62.

Moore, Thomas, master of the
Maria Martin (1584) v. 280, 281.

Moore, William, Murad Khan and
(1584) V. 277.

Moore Sound, Arthur Pet in (1580)
III. 301.

Moors, war of the Genoese against
the (1389) IV. 450; inhabitants of
Barbary, vi. 144 ; in Morocco
(1577) 288; in Fo-kien, in China,
321, 322; captain of the, and sur-
vivors of the Toby (1593) vii. 126;
and goods of the Tohy, 127 ; tribu-
taries of the Portuguese, viii. 128;
of Barbary or Alarbes, ix. 168;
King of the, tribute paid to, by
the Portuguese (1564) x. 14; re-
ligion of, observed in Ternate, xi.
128.

Moquoso, King, vassal of King
Utina (1564) IX. 21.

Moralez, Pedro, from S. Augustine,
account of Florida (1586) ix. 112;
account of Copalla, 383.

Moram, from Moscow to, iii. 68.

Morastano, hospital of Cairo, v.

334-

Moratoc, river of, and town in Vir-
ginia, VIII. 325 ; strong current of
the river, 331; opinion of Hariot
on, 332.

Moratoc, tribe in Virginia, viii.

327-
Moravia, Marquess of, in Prussia,

II. 3.
Mordas, ginger mordassi found in,

VI. 25.
Mording, Miles, assistant to the

Muscovy Company, 11. 307.
Mordoviti, see Mordwites, country

of.
Mordovits, see Mordwites.
Morduans, i. 77; Tartars and the,

86, 153.
Mordui, see Morduans.
Morduyni Byleri, see Bulgaria the

Greater.
Mordwites, Tartar tribe, iii. 399,

400; conquered by Russia, 11. 451 ;

country of, Anthony Jenkinson in,
III. 196.

More, Sir Thomas, xii. 86.

More, Thomas, Russian license
granted to (1569) iii. 109.

Morea, Anthony Jenkinson at, iii.
195; John Locke's description of
(1553) V. 81 ; draganti found in,
VI. 27; the Toby bound for Pat-
ras in (1593) vii. 124; com-
plexions of the people, 264.

Moreden, Simon de, mayor of Lon-
don (1407) II. 72.

Morequito, King, and the discovery
of Guiana, x. 373 ; and Antonio
de Berreo's envoys, 374; his
flight to Cumana, 374 ; con-
demned and executed by Antonio
de Berreo, 375, 395, 468; and the
Spaniards from Manoa, 402 ; wit-
ness at the taking possession of
Guiana by Domingo de Vera

(1593). 435-

Morequito, port in Guiana, on the
Amazon, x. 359; Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1595) 398, 409; in
Aromaia, 423.

Morgan, Captain Matthew, field
corporal in Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1585) X. 98; at the attack on.
Cartagena (1586) 120; at the
attack of S. John's fort (1586) 129.

Morgan, Henry, purser on the Sun-
shine, report of John Davys 's
second voyage by (1586) vii. 408-

413-

Morgan, Master, his kindness to
Captain Laudonniere (1565) ix.
99.

Morgan, Miles, in Sir Humphrey
Gilbert's expedition (1583) viii.
40.

Morgan, Richard, cook on the Bona
Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.

Morgan, Sir John, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Morgante, Captain, made slave at
Famagusta (157 1) v. 152.

Morgiovets harbour, Stephen Bor-
ough in (1556) II. 333; latitude of,
334-

Morgues, Jacques, painter, saved in
Fort Caroline by Captain Laudon-
niere (1565) VIII. 440, IX. 96.

323

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Morispikes, see Morris-pikes.

Morley, Richard, of London, and
Prussian pirates, n. 62.

Moro, captain at the court of the
king of Ternate (1579) xi. 127.

Morocca, mouth of the Orinoco
river, x. 420.

Morocco, in Barbary, the Lion's
voyage to (1551) vi. 136, 138;
kingdom and town of, 143 ; Ed-
mund Hogan, English ambassador
to (1577) 285-293; Henry Roberts,
ambassador (1565) 426-7; Laur-
ence Madoc in (1594) vn. 99;
king of, his proceedings in
Guinea, 100; climate of, 253, 269;
causes of the heat of, 267; Muly
Hamed Sheriffe, emperor of,
and English trade (1585) vi. 420;
emperor of, letter to Earl of
Leicester (1587) 430, 431; Queen
Elizabeth's letter to (1587) 432,

433.
Morom, n. 450, 478.
Morren, William, mariner on the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) n.

214.
Morrice, John, and the petition to

Robert Burnet (1589) xi. 389.
Morris, Richard, mate of the Jesus

(1583) V. 292.
Morris-pikes used at the siege of

Rhodes (1522) v. 28.
Morro Moreno, xi. 360; latitude of,

Thomas Cavendish at, Indians of

(1587) XI. 306; latitude of, xi. 349,

359-

Morse, see Walrus.

Mortmain of discovered lands, 11.
308 f.

Mortus Ali, see Murtezalli.

Morucca, kingdom of, in Guiana,
and Sir Robert Dudley (1595) x.
207.

Moruga river, Wareo, Indian cap-
tain at, X. 459, 492, 494.

Moruga Indians, plan of, to drive
out the Spaniards (1596) x. 462.

Morum, Russia, best martens found
in, III. 365.

Morzovets, bay of, Arthur Pet at
(1580) III. 298.

Mosalle, Don Juan de, and the Eng-
lish at Retanzas (1589) vi. 485.

Moscheas, see Mosques.

Moscita, Cacique in Florida, ix.

113-

Mosco, the, see Moscow.

Moscovia, see Russia.

Moscow, III. 370 ; founded by Daniel,
grand duke of Russia, 11. 187 ;
corn and fish markets in, 225, 277;
description of, 226, 254, 422 ;
Chancellor's journey to (1553)
250 f. ; castle, stronghold of Mos-
cow, 254 ; description of, 254 ;
emperor's seat at, 261 ; fur trade
in, 277; Muscovy Company's
goods sent to (1557) 384, 386, in.
442; company's agent in, 11. 388;
Anthony Jenkinson at (1559) 407,
478; latitude, 479, iii. 460; An-
thony Jenkinson at, iii. 13, 15, 36,
92 ; from St. Nicholas Bay to, 68 ;
English trade in, 93, 109, 442 ;
English house at, 443, 460;
Thomas Randolph at, 104; Eng-
lish money coined in, 116; lire in
(1571) 169, 371, 390; indemnity to
Muscovy Company, 183, 190;
William Borough's voyage to
(1574-1575) 210; Sir Jerome Bowes
at (1583) 318, 465; Sir Jerome
Horsey 's departure from (1584)
and return, 345; legend and his-
tory of the fire, 371 ; plan of, en-
graving of, 384 ; Richard Chan-
cellor and his company at the
court of, XII. 22.

Moscow, province of Russia, in.
358; fertility of, 360.

Moscua, see Moscow,

Moscua, river, see Moskva.

Moscus sent to Asia by Nimrod, iii.

371.
Moscva, see Moskva.
Moseley. Nicholas, licensed to trade

in Russia free from customs (1592)

III. 440.
Moses and Sarmates, III. 358; flight

of, from Pharaoh, v. 347; and

the grant of the land of Canaan,

VIII. 102.
Moskva river, 11. 226 ; at Moscow,

254 ; blessing of, 432 ; and the

Occa, 449.
Mosley, Nicholas, alderman, of the

Levant Company (1592) vi. 75, 78.

324

INDEX

Mosowes, mentioned in the Ruttier,
X. 302.

Mosque, caravan at the, before start-
ing, V, 343 ; on arriving at
Mecca, 351; Abraham's house in
the, 352 ; in Medina, 362.

Mosques, Chinese, or temples, vi.
322. ^

Mosquita, see Mosque.

Mosquito, VII. 403, IX. 379, 413.

Mosquito Bay, Sir Richard Gren-
ville at (1585) VIII. 311; John
White at (1587) 388.

Mostiska, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 325-

Mosul, or Niniveh, vi. 5 ; Ralph
Fitch at (1591) V. 505.

Motijones, Pedro de Orsua embarks
in the country of (1560) x. 498.

Motte, Thomas, of Cley, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 65.

Motu, Captain Ulloa at (1539) ix.
207.

Motue or Morne, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I. 297.

Moubray, see Mowbray.

Moujik, dress of Russian, iii. 419.

Moulins, in France, Captain Lau-
donniere at (1565) ix. 99.

Moumoran, dog-faced people in
(1330) IV. 420.

Mounson, see Monson.

Mountain, in Ceylon, where Adam
mourned Abel, iv. 420.

Mountains, in Iceland, iv. 17, 107;
from S. Martha to Magellan
Straits, xi. 237, 257.

Mount-Marsan, see Mont-de-Mar-
san.

Mounts Bay, in Cornwall, arrival of
Sir John Hawkins at (1568) x. 74.

Moura, Nigel de, at Lisbon, and
Melchior Petoney's description
(1591) VII. 88.

Mourning, in China, v. 499 ; col-
ours of, in Japan, vi. 341 ; in
China, 370.

Mourray, Don Jeronimo de, re-
turned from England (1589) vi.

485.
Mousik, see Moujik.
Mouy, Sir Charles of, and Jacques

Cartier's expedition (1534) viii.

183.

Mowre, town in Guinea, vi. 228;

English ships at (1577) 244; the

Christopher at, 245 ; English trade

(1562) 260.
Moxel, I. 242 ; laws and habits of,

260.
Moya de Contrerer, Don Pedro, chief

Inquisitor in Mexico (1574) ix.

424.
Moyles, captain of the Francis of

Foy (1578) VII. 322.
Mozambique, Portuguese possession

(1567) V. 444, X. 487; ambrachan

found in, vi. 26; dente d'abolio

found in, 27; monsoon from Goa

to, 34 ; on way to Goa, from Cape

of Good Hope, 383, 391 ; dis-
covered by the Portuguese, viii.

128; Portuguese garrison at, 445;

and Cefala, Nuno Velio Pereira,

governor of (1594) vii. 122;

Island, Portuguese possession

(1591) X. 195.
Muc, the people called, cattle of, i.

292 f.
Mucheron, Peter, his account of the

Ewaipanoma or headless people

(1595) X. 407.
Muchikeri provmce, Macureguarai

in, X. 464.
Muel, on the Red Sea, v. 347.
Muffett, Captain, and Hakluyt, xii.

76.
Muhaisira, in Egypt, sesame seed

in, V. 230; Leo Africanus on,

237.
Miihlberg, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 327.
Mulattoes, of De la Paz, and the

smallpox (1590) X. 171.
Mulberg, see Muhlberg.
Mulbrooke, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 298.
Mulcaster, Richard (1530-1611),

verses on Richard Hakluyt, i.

Ix. f.
Mulet de Bataille, the, William

Towerson and (1577) vi. 241.
Mulley Balasen, see Balasen.
Mully Abdelmelech, see Abdelme-

lech.
Mully Hammet, see Hamed.
Mummies found at the foot of the

Pyramids, v. 336.

325

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Munck, Captain, in the Bear*s
Whelp (1594) X. 204.

Munde, William, of Colchester, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 62.

' Mundo, De,' by Philo the Jew, on
America, vii. 161.

* Mundo, De,' by Aristotle, vii. 162.

Muns, M., lieutenant of Portsmouth,
and Job Hortop (1590) ix. 465.

Munster, General Norris, lord presi-
dent of, VI. 476.

Munster, Sebastian ' Cosmography, '
IV. TO, 13, 98, 105 ; mistake
of, 14, 103 ; on population of
Iceland, 15, 104; on volcanoes,
18, 22, 24, 108, 113, 116;
on brimstone in Iceland, 39,
135; on fish, 40 136; on whales,
refuted, 41, 137; on religion,
46, 143; on Iceland houses, 61,
160; on food and lodging in Ice-
land, 63, 64, 162, 165; on Iceland
simplicity, 6y, 168; on Iceland
manners, 70, 171 ; on Iceland, 99,
10 1 ; and the north-west passage,
VII. 162 ; *A Treatise of New India'
by, translated by Richard Eden
(1553) X. 2.

Munt, John, on the Minion (1562)
VI. 258.

Muntezuma, see Montezuma.

Murad Khan, see Amurath.

Murcy, Alcan, governor of Shabran,
III. 20.

Murmonskey, best beaver found at,
III. 365.

Murrecotima Island, Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1595) x. 398.

Mursay, son of Abd'Ullah Khan, iii.

^ 47. 59.

Murse, or ruler of Tartar hordes,
II. 452.

Murtezalli, Mahomet's disciple, iii.
29. 35 ; prophet of the Persians,
159 ; sons of, 162.

Muscamunge, native town in Vir-
ginia (1585) vm. 322.

Muscovy Company, seal of, 11.
xii. ; rules of the (1555) 11.
281-289, 385, 402 ; oath taken
by the agents of the, 289,
290; adventurers (1555) 305; self-
governing power of the, 309 f. ;
laws of, 311, 312, III. 90; dis-

coveries made by the, 11. 315;
exclusive privileges of, 315;
directions to ship-servants, 317-
322; log of, 319; Henry Lane
and, II. 379, 380, 384, 386;
trade of the, threatened by foreign
enemies, 399 ; Christopher Hod-
desdon and, 401, 406, 408; treat-
ment of its good and bad servants,
406 ; advice to Anthony Jenkinson
by the (1561) iii. 9-14; first voyage
to Persia by the (1561-1564) 15-38;
second voyage to Persia by the
(1563-1565) 40-44; third voyage to
Persia by the (1565) 44-53; fourth
voyage to Persia by the (1568)
136-142 ; fifth voyage to Persia by
the (1568-1574) 150-157; sixth voy-
age to Persia by the (i 579-1 581)
212-247; send an English ship-
wright to Russia (1565) 45; debts
owed to, 47, 49, 59, 60; Arthur
Edwards' letter to, 54-63 ; William
Rowley, agent to, 80; Queen
Elizabeth and, 83 ; Queen Mary
and, 84 ; its discoveries not public
property, 85, 88; and the East-
ern countries, 86, 88, 213; and
the eastern towns of England, 91 ;
and the Russian treasury, 94, no,
350; and the Russian privileges
(1569) 108-118, 354; and free-
booters, 167 ; treacherous servants
of, 178, 335; Emperor of Russia's
displeasure towards, 180 ; indem-
nity to, for losses in the Moscow
fire (1571) 183, 190; and franchise
of Persian trade (1579) 213; and
the discovery of Cathay (1580) 251,
258 ; and their own fleet, 303 ; and
the Russian privileges (1554) 331,
348, 440 ; agents of, at the Rus-
sian court, 332, 345, 439; re-
sponsible only for its members
(1588) 355; shipping of merchan-
dise in Russia by the, 444 ; and
the Company of Merchants for the
discovery of the west coast of
America (1583) viii. 134; com-
mittee of, and Captain Carleill
(1583) 147.

Musihet, east of the Caspian Sea, i.
270.

Musk, made in Tartary, v. 504;

326

INDEX

found In Tartary, vi. 26; trade
of, in Cape Verde Island (1577)
237; of China, 355.

Musk Cat, English merchants in
Africa and the, vi. 173; negroes
of Guinea and the, ix. 448.

Musketos Bay, see Mosquito.

Muskitos, see Mosquito.

Muskle-Cove, see Mussel-Cove.

Muskyto, see Mosquito.

' Musophilus,' by Samuel Daniel
(1601) XII. 99.

Musquito, see Mosquito.

Mussel-Cove, named by Thomas
Cavendish (1587) xi. 300; anchor-
age, 371.

Musswara, great town on the Cur-
assiwini, x. 492.

Mustafa, Turkish interpreter, Queen
Elizabeth and (1582) v. 227; letter
from William Harborne to, v.
265.

Mustafa Bey, general of the Turk-
ish adventurers, v. 148; slain at
Famagusta (1571) 152.

Mustafa Chaus, letter to Queen
Elizabeth (1583) v. 258.

Mustafa Pasha and the expedition
against Rhodes (1522) v. 3 ; in the
trenches, 23; Solyman and, 33,
34; Cyprus conquered by (1571)
123 ; at the siege of Famagusta,
132, 152.

Mustapha, see Mustafa.

Mustofa, see Mustafa.

Mutezuma, see Montezuma.

Mutiny, against Captain Albert in
Charles-Fort, viii. 482 ; on board
the Edward Bonaventure (1592) x.
196, (1593) 199; of Lopez de Agira
against Pedro de Orsua, xi. 244;
in the Content against Thomas
Cavendish (1587) 326; on board
the Desire in the Strait of Magel-
lan (1592) 395.

Mutylones, province near the Ama-
zon river, x. 362 ; Don Pedro de
Orsua killed in, by Agira, 408.

Mutyr, island belonging to the King

ofTernate (1579) xi. 124.
Myeul or Meule, Tidman de, Livon-

ian messenger, 11. 88, 92.
Myllet, Michael, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Mylton, Henry, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.
Myndora, see Mindoro.
Mynhed, see Minehead.
Mynion, see Minion.
Myra Momanyn's letter to Earl of

Leicester (1587) vi. 430, 431.
Myrrh, found in Arabia Felix, vi.

25; found in Florida, x. 57.

Nabares, Hieronymo de, of Panama,
letter from, to John Alonso of Val-
ladolid (1590) X. 176.

Nabunanga, xi. 432 ; emperor of
Japan, predecessor of Quabacon-
dono (1594) 438.

Nachel, description of, v. 347.

Nadar, latitude and longitude of, iv.
TO, 99.

Naddocus, island discovered by, iv.
13, loi, 102.

Nadir, in Turkey, v. 284.

Naga, Punte de, on Teneriffe Island,
X. 280, 306; marks of, 307; lati-
tude of, 332.

Nagaia, Anthony Jenkinson in, in.
196.

Nagay, Feodor Feodorowich, father
of Dowager-Empress of Russia
(1584) III. 337.

Nagayan Tartars, in. 399 ; and Rus-
sians, II. 229, 233, 438; customs
of, 452 ; at peace with Russians,
454; famine and plague among,
455 ; attack English merchants,
III. 244.

Naguachato, chief of the Indians of
Buena Guia river, and Captain
Alarchon (1540) ix. 293, 301.

Naimani, i. 56, 69, 86, 94, 135, 168;
empire of the, 143.

Naires, a people of Calicut, v. 502.

Nairi, Naires, a people of the King
of Cochin, v. 394.

Naldo, Carletto, Captain, made
slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.

Nana Ferra, the, Venetian ship,
Richard Wrag in (1594) vi. 108.

Nangasaque, see Nagasaki.

Nangoia, port of Ximo, castle
erected at, xi. 426.

Nankin, principal town of Chelim,
VI. 295; gold table in, 315.

Nankin, province of China, vi. 350.

327

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Nanquin, see Nankin.

Napea, Osep, Russian ambassador
to England (1556) n. 350-360, 411,
413, III. 334; his return home
(1557) II. 425; his reception by the
Emperor of Russia (1557) 427;
and Anthony Jenkinson (1561) iii.
17 ; and Queen Mary, 98.

Naper, Giles, of the Elizabeth (1584)
V. 281.

Naples, IV. 26, 118; Richard I. at
(1191) 321; Queen Berengaria at,
325 ; wheat brought to Rhodes
from (1522) V. 8; John Foxe at
(1577) 164, 166. ^

Napolis de Romania, in Morea, v.

lOI.

Naramsy, river of, 11. 339 ; tributary
of the Ob, III. 120; in Ugoria,

455-

Narsinga, kingdom of, Caesar Fred-
erick in (1567) v. 381; Arabian
horses in, 381.

Narva, iii. 78; trade to, forbidden
by the king of Poland, 11. 485 ;
English trade on, iii. 80, 91, 93, 95,
99, 109, 112, 117; from Novgorod
to, 68; markets at, 83; open to
foreign trade, 118; Voivoda of,
and the eighty-two freebooters,
168, 178; William Borough ques-
tioned on, 203 ; products of, 207 ;
William Borough's voyage to,
210; trade opened to English
merchants (1560) 335; in posses-
sion of Sweden, 367; in Livonia,
castle of, 387; English trade
hindered in, by Sweden's wars,
461.

Narvaez, Pamphilo, ix. 116; Andrew
Dorantez, travelling companion
of, 122; in Florida (1527) 192.

Narve, see Narva.

Narwhal, description of a, by Alber-
tus, vii. 183 ; found in the North-
ern Seas (1577) 219; found by
Captain Frobisher (1577) 297.

Nase, see Naze.

Nashe. Thomas, cook's mate on the
Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.

Nassades, 11. 394, 395 ; or boats
from Kholmogory to Vologda, 11.
419.

Nassau, Justm of, admiral of Zee-

land, and the Prince of Parma
(1588) IV. 209; at Dunkirk, 220.

Nassau, Count Lodowick of, and the
Cadiz expedition (1596) iv. 236,
250; knighted at Cadiz, 259.

Nassaw, see Nassau.

Natan, Dutch knights victorious in,
n. 3.

Natiscotec, see Assumption Island.

Natives, of Newfoundland brought
to England by Sebastian Cabot, vii.
155 ; of Meta Incognita and Cap-
tain Frobisher (1576) vii. 209; five
men of Captain Frobisher's cap-
tured by, 210, (1577) 216, 219, 302 ;
fight between the, and Captain
Frobisher's men, 220; craftiness
of, 222 ; description of, 224, 368-
375; Captain Frobisher's meeting
with (1576) 280; treachery of,
281 ; Captain Frobisher and
(1577) 292 f., 308 ff., 312; one
of the, interpreter for Captain
Frobisher, 299 ; twenty, in Jack-
man's Sound, 302; fight of, with
English sailors at Bloody Point
(1577) 304; woman captured after
the fight, 305 f. ; and Captain
Frobisher, 308 ff., 312; brought
to England by Frobisher, ix.
167; of the Land of Desola-
tion John Davys meets with,
in his voyage of discovery
(1585) 386; friendliness of, 387 f.,
394; description of, 396; thefts
by> 397; unfriendliness of, 400;
fight between the crew of the
Moonshine and (1586) 406; fight
between the crew of the Sunshine
and the natives of Merchants' Isle,
412; and John Davys' pinnace
(1587) 416; business of John
Davys' crew with the, 418, 419;
of Newfoundland, viii. 4, 58 ; ad-
vantages of Christianity to, 119;
of Cape Breton, and the crew of
the Marigold (1593) 159; of New-
foundland, description of, by
Jacques Cartier (1534) 188, 200,
202 ; and Jacques Cartier, 197,
199 ; of Honguedo taken away,
by Jacques Cartier, 214; death of
(1540) 263; of Hochelaga, kind-
ness of, to Jacques Cartier (1535)

328

INDEX

230, 237 ; of Saguenay, at the
falls of the Saguenay river, and
Jacques Cartier (1540) 270; pre-
sents to, from Jacques Cartier,
271 ; description of, by Roberval,
287; of Florida, intercourse be-
tween John de Verrazzano and
(1524) 433; arrows of, 435; of
Northern Florida, their ungentle-
ness, 437; religion of, 438; of
New Mexico, description of (1582)

IX. 194; of Dominica Island,
fierceness of, x. 25 ; sold as slaves
by other natives or savages of
Peru (1581) XI. 38; of Mogador
Island, Sir Francis Drake and
(1577) 102; of Brazil, and their
sacrifices made to devils, 107; of
the river Plate, and Sir Francis
Drake (1578) 108; of Nova Albion,
description of, 119; and Sir
Francis Drake (1579) 119, 155.

Natividad, see Navidad.

Natolia, Turkish soldiers from, at
the siege of Famagusta (1571)
V. 148 ; Beglerbeg of, at the siege
of Rhodes (1522) 23; wounded at
the bulwark of Spain, 33 ; pay of,
61 ; retinue of, 67; Pasha of, slain,

152-
Naumburg on the Neiss, v. 326.
Navarre and Edward I.'s great

charter, i. 333.
Navarre, Sancho V., king of, father

of Queen Berengaria, iv. 325,

330.
Navarre, Henry Crassus, king of, at

Tunis (1270) IV. 359.
Navarre, Henry IV. of France, king

of, Spanish help to French leaguers

against the (1590) vii. 75.
Navarre, prior of, and Captain Mar-

tiningo (1522) v. 20; activity of , 39.
Navassa Island, Spanish ship taken

by the English near (1590) viii.

411; marks of, in second Ruttier,

X. 313; latitude of, 333; longi-
tude from, to S. lago de Cuba,
336.

Navaza, see Navassa.

* Navegar, Arte de,' by Pedro de

Medina (1545) xii. 80.
Nave Ragasona, the, Laurence

Aldersey in (1581) v. 213.

XII 3

Navidad, Puerto de, Bernard de la
Torre's voyage from (1542) vii.
169; Captain Gualle at (1584) ix.
337 ; port for China and the Philip-
pines, 364; in New Spain, 392;
Thomas Cavendish at (1587) xi.
321; distance from Chiametlan,
363; anchorage, 373.

Navigation, without dangers in the
Arctic regions, 11. 162 ; to Iceland,
IV. 14, 103; Chinese, vi. 359;
easy to Guiana, x. 427.

' Navigations and Voyages,' by John
Baptista Ramusio (1557) iii. 458.

* Navigations, Principal,' by Hak-
luyt, xii. 82 ; first edition (1589),
account of Sir Jerome Bowes 's
embassy taken from, iii. 463.

Navigators, sufferings of the first
English, I. xlii.

Navy, English, unsatisfactory state
of the (fifteenth century) 11. 127;
Philip II., King of Spain, his
mighty (158S) iv. 199; return of,
230; discipline of Richard I. for
his (1191) 230; of Richard I., at
IJmasol, 329; of Ceuskolon, 423;
of Chilenso, 427; of Montu, 428;
English, and the ships of the
Levant Company in case of war
(1592) VI. 82; useful for the
settler, by Richard Hakluyt, vii.
249; of Zichmni, entrusted to
Nicolo Zeno (1380) 448; Nicolo
Zeno, captain of the, 450 ; of
Queen Elizabeth, xii. 44.

Naxos Island, in the ^gean Sea, iv.

38, 134-

Naxus, see Naxos.

Naymani, see Naimani.

Nazaran, in Spain, battle of, Mat-
thew Gourney at, iv. 444.

Nazareth, Hugh of Tabaria buried
at (1107) IV. 305; taken by Prince
Edward (1270) 362.

Nazavoe, port, iii. 46.

Naze, the, Willoughby's fleet at the,
II. 217; Arthur Pet at (1580) iii.

303-

Neco, King of Egypt, sends a fleet
round Africa, i. xii.

Needle, King Pharaoh's, in Alex-
andria, VI. 36 ; Laurence Aldersey
and, 44.

29

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Needles, the, George Fenner at
(1567) VI. 284; Sir Robert Dud-
ley at (1594) X. 204.

Neekeari, nation on the Cushwini
river, x. 492.

Neffisa's tomb in Cairo, v. 334.

Nefte, black Persian oil, iii. 165.

Negapatam, description, v. 400;
pearls found near, 501 ; ships
from, captured by the Edward
Bonaventure (1592) vi. 398.

Negrais in Pegu, Ralph Fitch in (c.
1583) y. 485.

Negro river, see Niger.

Negroes, treachery towards English
merchants, in Cape Verde (1567)
VI. 272 ; taken by Sir John
Hawkins on the coast of Guinea

(1567) IX. 399; sold in Riohacha

(1568) 401 ; Captain Dudley and
the, 446 ; 500, taken by Sir John
Hawkins (1568) 447; 7000
drowned by the Negro Kings
(1568) 447; of Rio Grande, and
Sir Francis Drake (1568) 447-448;
sold by Sir John Hawkins at S.
Marta (1568) 450; King of, and
Sir John Hawkins (1568) ix. 399,
X. 65 ; of Guinea, sold in Hispani-
ola by Sir John Hawkins (1562) x.
7 ; of Guinea and Cape Verde, de-
scription of (1564) 15; of Sam-
bula Island, taken by Sir John
Hawkins (1564) 20; of Callowsa
river, taken by Sir John Hawkins
(1564) 21; of Sierra Leone
and Sir John Hawkins (1565)
24 ; sale of, in Burburata
by Sir John Hawkins (1565) 31 f. ;
captured by Sir John Hawkins,
envenomed arrows of (1567) 64,66;
sold in Riohacha by Sir John
Hawkins (1568) 67; of Panama,
and Sir Francis Drake (1572) 76;
and John Oxenham (1575) 77;
treason of, 80 ; of Panama, pun-
ishment of, by the Spaniards
(1578) 81 ; use of, and price of, in
West Indies (1587) 142; wanted in
Havana (1590) 159; wanted in
Puerto Rico (1590) 162 ; trade of,
in S. Thom^ (1590) 172; taken by
Christopher Newport in the Portu-
guese ship (1591) 184; captured by

William King in the ship from
Guinea (1592) 191 ; trade in, in
Angola (1596) XI. 42; Robert
Withrington and the (1586) 206;
Spanish wars with the, of America
(1575) 233; from Guinea, imported
in Hispaniola, to work the in-
genios, 240 ; of Sierra Leone, and
Thomas Cavendish (1586) 292;
trade in, and Sir John Hawkins,
XII. 47.

Negroes, Island of, latitude of, xi.
335> 350; fi'oi'ti. to Mindanao, 365.

Negroes, town of, xi. 206; town
burnt, 207.

Negropont Island, William Har-
borne at (1583) v. 250.

Negru, university town in Japan,

VI. 331-

Neiper, see Dnieper.

Neiuport, see Nieuport.

Nel, sons of, and Harald, i. 38.

Nelson, John, Christian renegade in
Tripolis (1584) v. 305.

Nendega, Kholmogory to, iii. 70.

Neobrigensis, Guilielmus, see Wil-
liam of Newburgh.

Neome, isle of, Antonio Zeno at (c.
1380) VII. 462.

Neper, see Dnieper.

Neperwari, Indian captain, x. 493.

Nepoios Indians, description of, by
Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 394;
followers of Carapana, lord of
Emeria, 423.

Nepojos, people near Punta de Gal-
era, in Trinidad, x. 350.

Nestorians, i. 264, 284-286; and Tar-
tars, 86 ; and the Huyri, 144 ; and
the Cathayans, 267; about Sar-
tach, 269; priests in Mobar, iv.
414.

Nettle cloth, in Orissa, Caesar Fred-
erick's description of (c. 1563) v.
409.

Nettle Road at Southampton, Ed-
ward Fenton at (1582) xi. 172.

Neuburg on the Saale, fair at (1585)
V. 321.

Neuhus, the, and the beehive tribute
to Russia, II. 194.

Neumargt, see Neumarkt.

Neumark, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

330

INDEX

Neumarkt, Henry Austell in (1585)
V. 326.

Neus river, in Newslok, viii. 308.

Neustadt, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
321.

Nevadas, Sierras, or Snowy Moun-
tains, near Cape del Aguja, men-
tioned in the Ruttier, x. 288.

Neville, John, his voyage to Syria
(1240) IV. 352.

Neville, Sir Henry, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Newbery, John, voyage to the
East Indies (1583) v. 450; bearer
of Queen Elizabeth's letters, 450,
451 ; his letter to Richard Hak-
luyt (1583) 452 ; to Leonard Poore,
453. 455; to John Eldred, 457;
imprisoned at Ormuz, 457, 458;
his business in Ormuz and Goa,
461-506; his journey to Lahore
(1585) 474; and the Jesuits of Goa,
510; John Eldred 's voyage with
(1583) VI. I ; prisoner in Goa
(1583) 7; discoveries, 77.

Newborrow, Nicholas, on the Ed-
ward Bonaventure, 11. 213.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, ships from, in
Edward HL's fleet, i. 298; and
the customs, 355 ; Livonian goods
detained at, 11. 34; ships from,
60; Anthony Jenkinson's fleet at,
414; and the Moscovy Company,
III. 91 ; freightage, 208.

Newfoundland, discovered by the
English, II. 163, 166, 170, 176-8,
XI. 92 ; the Edward Bonaventure
bound for (1593) vi. 404; dis-
covery by Sebastian Cabot (1497)
vii. 154; by Robert Thome's
father and Hugh Eliot, 155 ;
sea-currents at, 168 ; or con-
tinent of America, 290 ; voyage
of the English nation to (1527)
VIII. i; of M. Hore to (1536) 3;
Oliver Dawbeney's account of
(1536) 4; natives of, 4, 58; Act
against exaction for traffic in,
Edward VL (1548) 7 f. ; Anthony
Parckhurst's letter to Richard
Hakluyt on (1578) 9-16; fertility
of (1578) II, 87; pearls, 11;
climate of, 13; venison in, 14;
salt in. 15 ; Portuguese and French

fishing in (1583) 49; Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's fleet entertained by
the fishing fleet of (1583) 52 ; taken
possession of for Queen Elizabeth
(1583) 53. 82, 90; description, 55,
182 ; products, 58 ; results of cul-
tivation in, 59; Sir Humphrey
Gilbert and (1583) 72, 90, 117;
Sancius haven in, 109; the Mari-
gold off (1593) 158; description of,
by Charles Leigh (1597) 180;
fishers from, taken by Sir Bar-
nard Drake (1585) x. 95; Captain
de la Barbotiere and Henry May
at (1594) 203; Sir Amyas de Pres-
ton at (1595) 226; voyage of Sir
Anthony Sherley to (1596) 266-
276; intended colony in, by Sir
Humphrey Gilbert (1583) xii. 37.

' New found World Antarctic,' by
Andrew Thevet, vi. 125.

New France, see Canada.

New Grimsby, in Scilly, John Davys
at (1585) VII. 382.

Newhaven, ship from, and the miss-
ing men of the Edward Bonaven-
ture (1594) VI. 407.

Newhaven, in France, see Havre.

Newhouse, or Nyhouse, from Vobsky
to. III. 69 ; Sir Jerome Horsey at, 345.

New Hythe, see Hythe.

Newland, fish, of, or * Poor John,'
cargo of, captured by Christopher
Carleill (1585) x. 100.

Newlander ship rifled by the crew of
the Swallow (1583) viii. 50.

Newles, market town in Sweden, iii.
207.

Newman, John, of the Hugh Gal-
lant, landing of (1587) xi. 311.

Newmouth, ships from, in Edward
HL's fleet, i. 298.

Newnox, S. Nicholas to, iii. 69;
Richard Chancellor at, 74; dis-
covered by the Edward Bonadven-
ture, 331.

Newport, Christopher, captain of the
Golden Dragon (1592) vii. 112;
and the Madre de Dios, 113; voy-
age of, to West Indies, written by
John Twitt (1591-2) x. 184; ships
taken and towns sacked by (1591-
2) 189 ; and Sir John Burrough at
Flores, 190.

331

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Newport, in Wales, vi. 138.

Newport, in the Isle of Wight, vi.
177.

New Port, near Cibo harbour, viii.
174 ; Charles Leigh landed at
(1597) 182.

* News, the Joyful, from the West
Indies,' by Monardes, vin. 355.

Newsick, neighbouring country to
Pomovick, vin. 308.

Newslot, Vobsky to, iii. 69.

Newton, captain of the Emmanuel
of Bridgwater (1578) vn. 322.

Newton, Humphrey, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) vni, 402.

Newton, John, member of the
Levant Company (1592) vi. 88;
of the Barbary Company (1585)
419, 420 f. ; and first voyage to
Benin (1588) 450-458, 458-461;
second voyage to Benin (1590) 461-
467.

Newton, Walter, of Andrew Barker's
company, killed at S. Francisco
Island (1576) X. 86.

Newtown, in Kylmore, John White's
house in (1593) vni. 406,

New Year's Gift, the, captured at S.
Domingo, then given up by Sir
Francis Drake (1586) x. 127.

Nezavoo, ni. 237.

Nia Cubacani, widow of King
Hio-Caia (1565) ix. 54; her
present to Captain Laudonniere,
68.

Nialus, life of (loio) iv. 48, 145.

Niga, Friar Marco de, voyage of, ix.
115, 116, 123; Pintados mentioned
by, IX. 1 19 ; account of Cevola
or Cibola (1539) 125-144, 147; pre-
sents offered by Indians (1539) 133 ;
his negro companion, Stephen
Dorantez, killed by Indian king

(1540) 300-
Nicaea, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

323-
Nicamula, John Chilton in (1570) ix.

369.
Nicaragua, Sir Francis Drake at

(1578) IX. 319; gold mines in, 367;
John Chilton at, 369 ; Nuno da
Silva and Sir Francis Drake at

(1579) XI. 145; coast of, 287;
lake of, XII. 66.

Nicaria, Richard Wrag at (1593) vi.

95. (1594) 107.
Nicea, see Nicaea.
Nicholai, town and lake, iii. 406.
Nicholas of Lynn, his voyage, x.

301 f. ; his * Inventio Fortunata,'

I- 303-

Nicholas of Meaux, bishop of Sodor
and Man (1203) i- 33» 34-

Nicholas, the, of Cley, 11. 65.

Nicholas, the, of London, Hassan of
Algiers and (1584) v. 281; crew
of, 282.

Nichols, Philip, preacher, * Sir Fran-
cis Drake revived,' by (1626) xii.

53-

Nichols, William, settler in Virginia
(1587) viii. 403.

Niciecan, Indians of, trade in Ihua-
lapa, IX. 468.

Nicobar Channel, Caesar Frederick
through (1567) v.^ 403.

Nicobar Islands, latitude of, vi. 395 ;
Moors in, 400; near Sumatra, the
Edward Bonaventure at (1592) x.
196.

Nicoia Port, shipbuilding in (1570)
IX, 366; John Chilton at, 369.

Nicola, cayo de, mentioned in second
Ruttier, x. 330.

Nicolas, Rubruquis' servant, i. 233.

Nicols, Thomas, and Arthur Ed-
wards, III. 44-53 ; Persian privi-
leges granted to, 64.

Nicols, Thomas, description of the
Canary Islands by, vi. 125-136.

Nicomedia, death of Flavius Con-
stantine at (339) iv. 275.

Nicosia, in Cyprus, description, v.
97, VI. 109 ; Genoese laws observed
in, V. 100; wealthy town in Cyprus
(1571) 124; taken by the Turks
(1571) 130; James, bishop of (c.
1470) 125 ; Musafer, Pasha of,
148, 152.

Nicubar, see Nicobar,

Nidrosia, iv. 12, 100.

Nieper, see Dnieper,

Nieuport, and the ships for the
Spanish Armada (1588) iv. 204.

Niger or Negro river, vi. 143.

Niger, Dominicus Marius, and the
Indians from America, vii. 172.

Nightingale, Thomas, of Andrew

332

INDEX

Barker's company, killed at S.

Francisco Island (1576) x. 86.
Nightingale, the, of London at

Liberty Island (1591) vii. 92 ; at

Porto d'Ally, q6.
Nightingales in Russia, iii. 361.
Nigondin, river in Bezeneger, v.

384-
Nigrillos Island, latitude of, x. 334 ;
longitude from, to Vermeja Island,

,337- .
Nigritis, see Senegal river.
Nile, river, i. 258, 271, v. 330, vii.

176; Louis IX. and the (1249) iv.

355; Muhaisira, on the, v. 230;

water stored in Alexandria, vi. 35,

44; in Cairo, 37; description, 44;

boundary of Africa, 144; sources

of the, explored by Nero, xii. 15.
Nilus, see Nile.
Nimpo, see Liampo.
Nimrod, called Saturn, and the

Asiatic founders of kingdoms, ill.

371-
Nimrod, tower of, see Babel.
Nine Fathoms, the, at Cape de Cruz

in Cuba, mentioned in the Ruttier,

X. 286.
Nineveh, see Mosul,
Nisnovogrod, see Nizhniy Novgorod.
Nixapa, in Mexico, John Chilton in

(1570) IX. 365.
Nizao, Punta de, in S. Domingo, x.

284; in second Ruttier, 312; lati-
tude of, 333.
Nizhniy Novgorod, 11. 450, iii. 358,

370.
Noah, seven precepts of, given to

Persians, vi. iii; sons of, in the

Ark, VII. 263.
Noblezia, Roger Bodenham's pilot

(1551) V. 76.
Nobon, Island da, discovered by the

Portuguese, viii. 127.
Noce, David, Captain, master of the

camp, killed at the defence of

Famagusta (1571) v. 139.
Noe, see Noah.
Noel, Jacques, his first letter to John

Growte on the discoveries of

Jacques Cartier (1587) viii. 272;

his second letter, 273.
Noel, Michael and John, sons of

Jacques Noel (1587) viii. 274.

Noel, Stephen, nephew of Jacques
Cartier, returns to France with
letters for the King (1540) viii.
266.

Nogas, Tartar captain, his refusal
of Michael Palaeologus 's present,
III. 397.

Nohele, see S. Maria town.

Noie, William, ship master, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 65.

Noirefontaine, in Francis de Rober-
val's voyage (1542) viil 283 ; death
of, at sea (1543) 289.

Nombre de Dios, xi. 227 ; John Chil-
ton in (1570) IX. 368; Spanish
ships at (1572) 391; English
prisoners at (1570) 460; voyage of
Sir Francis Drake to (1572) x. 75-
77, XII. 52 ; Andrew Barker
at (1576) X. 85; Spanish West
Indian port, description of (1587)
142-144, 146-151, 237; Hieronymo
de Nabares at (1590) 176; taken
by Sir Francis Drake (1595) 236,
XII, 66; course from, to Car-
tagena, marks of, described by
the Ruttier, x. 291 ; Sir Francis
Drake at (1572) xi. 227.

Nombre de Jesus (or Port Famine),
mentioned in Ruttier, xi. 89 ; town
built by Pedro Sarmiento in the
Strait of Magellan, 271.

Nomopana river, a tributary of the
Occam. VIII. 306.

Nonnia river, Thomas Gregory privi-
leged to traffic on (1592) vii. 102.

Nonocks, salt pits in, iii. 368.

Nonpar eilia, the, at Flores (1590)
VIII. 421.

Nonpareille, the, of the Cadiz ex-
pedition (1596) IV. 247.

Norado, Patrone, a hostage in Tri-
pplis (1584) V. 295; aboard the
Jesus, 296 ; condemned to slavery,
300

Norbern, in Norway, 11. 67; mart
for German merchants, 68.

Norden, Thomas, of Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 76, 78.

Norembega, see Norumbega.

Noremberg, see Nuremberg.

Norfolk, Thomas, fourth duke of,
and the Russian ambassador, 11.
357.

333

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Norfolk, Thomas, Lord Mowbray,

duke of, his voyage to Jerusalem

(1399) IV. 453.
Norfolk and Suffolk, Sheriff of.

King- John and, i. 320.
Norman, the, French ship for the

discovery of Florida (1524) viii.

423-
Normandy, Philip, King of France,

and (1193) IV. 337.
Normannel, Thomas of, witness of
Edward I.'s great charter, i. 296.
Normonia, vii. 164.
Norris, Francis, in Virginia (1585)

viii. 318.
Norris, General Sir Edward, master
of the ordnance at the Groyne,
VI. 487, 492 ; his regiment at the
taking of Puente de Burgos, 492 ;
at Peniche, 496; at Lisbon, 497,
500; in the Foresight, 515; re-
turn to Plymouth, 515.
Norris, Sir Henry, his regiment at
the taking of Puente de Burgos
(1589) VI. 492; marches to Lis-
bo'^n, 497, 499; in the Aid, 512.
Norris, Sir John (i547?-i597). eady
training of, vi. 476; in Spain
(1589) 483; his plan of campaign,
502; return to Plymouth, 515;
and Drake, at Lisbon, xii. 64.
Nortans. infantry in the Turkish

army, v. 105.
Norte, Rio del, compared to the
Guadalquivir, ix. 190; Antonio
de Espejo's journey along the
(1582) 190-194; Los Quires, In-
dian province on the, 197.
North, Gabriel, in Virginia (1585)

VIII, 318.
Northampton, Prince Edward and
the papal legate at (1267) iv. 359.
Northberne, Northbern, or North-
bergen, in Norway, English mer-
chants in, II. 112, 345, 372.
North Cape, discovered by Stephen
Borough (1556) II. 325, 416; the
Harry at (1568) in. 102; Arthur
Pet at, 254, 283, 299.
North Cape of Spain, the Burr and
the Richard of Arundel at (1588)
VI. 460; Sir Walter Raleigh in
sight of (1595) X. 348.
North-east passage, see Passage.

North-east Sea, discoveries by Eng-
lishmen in the, in. 460.

Northie. i. 48.

North Star, the, of John Davys'
second voyage for the discovery
of the North-west passage in
(1586) VII. 393; course of, account
by Henry Morgan, 408; going to
Iceland, 409 ; loss of, 413.

Northumberland, i. 8; conversion
of, 9.

Northumberland, Duke of, see Dud-
ley.

Northumberland, Earl of, see Percy.

Northumbria or Cupanama, very
great river in Guiana, x. 492.

North-west passage, see Passage.

Norton, captain in the Earl of Cum-
berland's voyage (1589) vii. i,
(1592) 112.

Norton, called in council by Robert
Withrington (1587) xi. 211.

Norton, John, Anthony Jenkinson's
messenger to the Emperor of
Russia (1572) III. 194.

Norumbega or Arambec, voyage of
the English nation to (1527) viii.
I ; discovery of, attempted by Sir
Humphrey Gilbert (1583) 85; the
Marigold on the coast of (1593)
160; entrance of, in Florida,
281 ; in Eastern America, 449.

Norway, King Vortiporius and, i.
4; King Arthur and, 4; islands
pertaining to, 6; annexed to
Britain, 7; Octher and, 11, 13;
Margaret, queen of, 11. 68; Eng-
lish merchants in (1407) 82, (1404)
108 f., Ill f . ; Thome's map of,
169; Stephen Borough, on the
coast of (1556) 323, III. 461; An-
thony Jenkinson's navigation in,
i96;"distance from Iceland, iv. 12,
100; fables concerning, iv. 21,
III ; Olaf L, son of Thriggo, 968,
and Saint Olaf, son of Harald
Harfagre, Kings of (1013) 47,
T45 ; change of government in, by
Harald Harfagre (858) 68, 169;
strong sea currents in, vii. 337;
fish trade with Frisland, 450 ; fleet
of the king of, destroyed by a
storm (c. 1380) 450; friars from,
to Greenland, 453; description of,

334

INDEX

by Antonio Zeno, 463 ; Haco, King
of, expels Harald out of Man, and
takes tribute (1238) i. 39; acknow-
ledges Harald, King of Man
(1239) 39; and England (1229)
320-322; and Edward II., 341 f.,

343 ^f-. 347 f-

Norwegians, first inhabitants of Ice-
land (874) IV. 52, 68, 150, 169.

Norwel, William, keeper of the
King's wardrobe, i. 300.

Norwey, see Norway.

Norwich, ship from, and the pirates
(1394) II. 63; St. Peter's Church
in, epitaph of Peter Read in (1566)
V. 69.

Noss, meaning of, in Russian, in,
410.

Nostra Senora de los remedios, the,
Spanish prize (1591) vii. 60.

Not, James, distress of, at Port De-
sire (1592) XI. 399.

Notary kept in Spanish ships (1586)

XI. 457.

Nottingham, Earl of, see Howard.

Noue, de la, father of M. de Tel-
igny, Spanish prisoner in the
castle of Tournai (1588) iv. 232.

Nova Zembla, Stephen Borough at
(1556) II. 337, 342, XII. 22 ; account by
Richard Johnson of discovery of,
"• 345' 346; passage, iii. 12, 265,
286, 455 ; William Borough at the
discovery of (1556) 210; Arthur
Pet and, 254, 257, 265, 286; Sir
Hugh Willoughby at, xii. 22.

Novgorod, great market town in
Russia, II. 225, 261, 276; pro-
ducts of, 278 ; flax market, 296 ;
source of the Volga near, 477;
treasure of, i88 ; flax and hemp
markets in, 225; oil market,
276; latitude, 479. iii. 78,
37O) 372 ; from Moscow to,
68, 69 ; from Kholmogory to, 73 ;
plague in, 80; salt market at, 82 ;
English trade in, 93, 95, 109, 215;
free of custom, 112; English
money coined in, 116; Russian
wares in the market of, 207 ; gar-
rison of, 337; Sir Jerome Horsey
at, 345; English trade free (1586)

349-
Novgorod velica, province of Russia,

III. 358; fertility, 360; dukedom,
conquest of (1480) 386.
Novibazar, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 323-

Novogardia, 11. 346.

Novogorod, see Novgorod.

Nowel, translation of Ochther's
navigation by, vii. (871) 163.

Nowell, Henry, and the Armada
(1588) IV. 217.

Noyer, John, of Dieppe, and Cap-
tain Lancaster at Pernambuco
(1595) XI. 53.

Nubi, see Nubians.

Nubia, kingdom of, vi. 168.

Nubians, people of Libya, vi. 168.

Nueblas or Cloudy Islands, the Ed-
ward Bonaventure at (1593) vi.

405-

Nuestra Senora de Gracia, men-
tioned in the Ruttier, xi. 90.

Nueva Reyno de Granada, see
Granada.

Nugent, Edward, in Virginia (1585)
VII. 318; death of Pemisapan
by,^ 342.

Numidia, desert of, vi. 142 ; boun-
dary of Africa the less, 144.

Nunez, Alvaro, called Cabega de
Vaca, voyages by, vii. 171, ix.
116; in the Jumanos' country,
192.

Nunez, Vasquez, de Balboa, con-
quests of, viii. no; and King
Chemaccus, 124; and King
Chiapes, 124; Pacific Ocean
sighted by, xii. 9.

Nunnius, Alvarus, see Nunez, Al-
varo.

Nuremberg, Laurence Aldersey in
(1581) V. 214; Henry Austell at
(1585) 321; Richard Wrag at, vi.

113-

Nurendof, Henry Austell at (1585)
V. 321.

Nuses, Stephen Borough and fish-
ing of, II. 344.

Nutmegs found in Banda, vi. 24.

Nuts of India found in Goa, vi. 26.

Nuts, cochos, see Palm trees.

Nux vomica, found in Malabar, vi.
26.

Nympheum, flaming rock in Ice-
land, IV. 21, 112.

335

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Nyse Novogrod, see Nizhniy Nov-
gorod.

Oaks, found in Hochelaga by
Jacques Cartier, vin. 228, 231; in
Virginia, for shipbuilding (1586)
371 ; found in New Spain, ix.
382; in Nicaragua, 467; on
Atoyaque mountains, 469.

Oakum, made in Chaul, v. 379.

Oaths, sea captain's, or juramentum,
II. 215, 216; taken by the ser-
vants of the Muscovy Company,
290 ; of Persians, iii. 163 ; of
fideHty, betwixt Richard I. and
PhiHp, King of France (1190) iv.
320; in China, vi. 308.

Oathcaqua, King, friend of the king
of Calos (c. 1565) IX. 51.

Oatlands, Queen Elizabeth at, iii.
98 ; Sir Jerome Bowes received by
Queen Elizabeth at (1583) 328.

Ob, river, iii. 408 ; discoveries by
Stephen Borough in the (1556) 11.
322. 337. 339. 344. 390. 482; Eng-
lish trade on, restricted to Mus-
covy Company, iii. 97; and the
English expedition (1588) 120;
Arthur Pet at the mouth of, 254;
journey to, by Sigismund ab Her-
berstein. 405 ; seventy mouths of,
455 ; Oliver on the, 456 ; and the
North-east sea, vii. 176, 199; and
the current in Mare Glaciale, 183.

Obba river, see Ob.

Obdolowcan, see Abd'Ullah Khan.

Obdoria, conquered province of
Russia, III. 359.

Obesi, I. 86.

Obi, see Ob.

Obiowa, III. 409.

Obispo, Exarama de, English bat-
talion at (1589) VI. 498.

Obraches or houses of correction in
Tescuco, IX. 421.

Obray, William, first governor of
English merchants in the Nether-
lands, II. 147 f. ; his authority,
149 f., 152, 156.

O'Brien, Murecard, King of Ireland,
I. 25, 29, 31.

Observances, religious, in Iceland,
IV. 78, 181.

Ocapanio Indian, captain of, x. 493.

Ocaywita Island, in Orinoco river,

X. 395-
Occa, tributary of the Moskva, 11.

254. 449-
Occam river, in Virginia, viii. 304,

306.
Occaday, see Oktai.
Occient to Kashgar, twenty days'

journey, 11. 481.
Occoday, see Oktai.
Ocetera, see Sturgeon.
Ochther, see Octher.
Ocka river, tributary of Volga, iii.

3^3-
Ockam, see Oakum.
Ocoa, in Hispaniola Island, sacked

by Christopher Newport (1591) x.

185 ; longitude from, to Beata,

336.
Ocona, salt pits in, iii. 368.
Octacer, see Odoacer.
Octavius, king of Britain (339) iv.

272, 276.
Octher's voyage of discoveries, i.

II f, ; description of Norway, 13;

voyage to Hetha, 14 ; in Halge-

land, II. 219; navigation of (871),

translated by Nowel, vii. 163.
Oddgeirus, seventeenth bishop of

Schalholt, in Iceland (1366) iv. 56,

155-

Odericus, see Odoric.

Odia in Siam, king of Pegu at war
with (c. 1583) V. 489.

Odoacer, king of Bohemia, in Prus-
sia, II. 2, 3.

Odoric, Friar, of Pordenone, journal
of, on the Eastern Tartars (1330)
IV. 371-408, 408-444; and Kublai
Khan at Pekin (1330) 441, xii. 12;
death of (1331) iv. 443 ; on fishing
in China, vi. 327; Kublai Khan's
court described by, xii. 13.

Odrangi, people of Libya, vi. 168.

Oechardes, see Hwang-ho.

Oechordes, see Hwang-ho.

Oecope Mountain, near Putapayma
Island, x. 396.

Offa, King, and Charlemagne, i.
xlvii., 310 f.

Offley, Robert, of Levant Company
(1592) VI. 75, 78.

Offley, Thomas, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

336

INDEX

Ofley, Sir Thomas, and Persian

trade, in. 212.
Oghane Mountain, in the port of

Goa, VI. 28.
Ognedoc, bay of, fishing in, viii.

277.
Oguzalpes, father of Ortogules, in.

399-

Ohanoak, or Blind Town, in Vir-
ginia (1585) VIII. 322.

Oher, Vologda to, iii. 69.

Oia river, south of Quito, in Peru,
X. 362.

Oiaren, kingdom of, hunting and
hawking in, by Quabacondono
(1591) XI. 429.

Oijana Valley, Sir Walter Raleigh
in (1595) X. 416.

Oil, spring of, in Persia, in. 165 ;
train, in Lapland, 200; train, from
seal fish, 366; from Crete, rate
of, in Chios (1569) v. 114; from
Spain, 117; product of Cyprus,
125; want of, in England, 237;
market in Tripolis, 293, 319; made
of palm nuts, 379, 470; palm, from
Benin, vi. 457, 467; train,
found in the Western Planting
(1583) VIII. 116, 118, 139; found
in Newfoundland, 117; in Ramea,
155 ; in Assumption Island, 162 ;
seal, drink of natives, 287;
walnut, found in Virginia (1586)
355 ; Palmito, Job Hortop on
(1568) IX. 447.

Okisco, king of Weapomeiok (1585)
vin. 322 ; his submission to Queen
Elizabeth, 336 ; not party to
the conspiracy of Pemisapan,

339-
Oktai, son of Jenghiz Khan, i. 69,
74' 76, 77, 150; Kaiuk's father,
poisoned, 173 ; his death avenged,

175-
Olaf, son of Godred Crovan, i. 26,

30-

Olaf, son of Godred, King of Man,
I- 32, 35; warfare between God-
red and, 36; King of Man, and
all the islands (1226) 37; death
of (1237) 38.

Olaf, son of Sumerled, King of
Herergaidel or Argyll, i. 30.

Olaf, son of Rogwaldus, eighteenth

bishop of Holen, in Iceland (1458)

IV. 57. 155-
Olaf I., son of Thriggo, first Chris-
tian King of Norway (968) iv. 47,

145-
Olaf, Saint, son of Harold, King

of Norway (1013) iv. 48, 145.
Olaw, Henry Austell in (1585) v.

326.
Olde Rumney, see Romney, Old.
Oldenburg, Wilstenius, schoolmaster

of, IV. 15, 104.
Olechus, see Oleg.
Oleg, Rurik's kinsman, n. 183, 184.
Olen, see Deer.
Olga, wife of Igor, 11. 184.
Olinda, Punta de, mentioned in

Ruttier, xi. 74.
Olinda, Villa de, see Pernambuco.
Oliphants, see Elephants.
Oliver, the Netherlander (Alferius),

and the North-east passage, iv.

454-457-
Oliver, master-gunner in Sir Francis

Drake's company (1578) xi. 109.
Olivet, Mount, in Jerusalem, v.

212.
Olmor. n. 420.

Olmutz, bishop of, in Prussia, 11. 3.
Olotacara, nephew of King Satouri-

oua, and Captain Gourgues (1567)

IX. 103, (1568) 107; courage of,

105.
Omar, Mahomet's companion, tomb

of, at Medina, v. 363.
Ometepec, river of, flows into the

haven of Tecuanapa, ix. 467.
Ometepec, town in charge of Gon-

zalvo Fernandez, ix. 468.
Omitaqua, King, vassal of King

Utina (1564) IX. 21.
Omoloa, King, ally of King Satouri-

oua (1564) IX. 28.
Omura, princedom of, in Figen, xi.

424; Jesuit College at (1591) 428.
Omurandono, lord of Ceuxima, and

his soldiers, xi. 425, 429.
Omyl, I. 69.
Onatheaqua, King, or Onathaqua,

vassal of King Satourioua (1564)

IX. 21; and the Spanish prisoner

(1565) 49-
Oncaiarie Island, stormy weather at
(1596) X. 457.

337

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Onchio, city in China, vi. 320.

Oncowi river, between Cape Cecil
and Raleana river, x. 459.

Onega lake, from Vologda to, iii.
6q; description of, 78.

Onega river, iii. 363, vii. 199.

Ongar Point, latitude of, viii. 278.

Onor, Portuguese hold, v. 390; in
the kingdom of Battacella, 391.

Ontiveros, Juan de, chief justice of
Las Quatro Cienegas (1582) ix.
188.

Opium, Caesar Frederick's trade in
(1567) V. 440-442; in Cambay
(1583) 491 ; in Pugia and Cam-
bay, VI. 27.

Oporto, Nuno da Silva's birth-place,

XI. 133; bishop of, and Thomas
Stukely (1578) vi. 294.

Opossians, Indian tribe in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 322.
Opopanax, found in Persia, vi.

26.
Oppeln, on the Oder, v. 326.
Oppenheim, ' Administration of the

Royal Navy ' by (1509- 1660) (1896)

XII. 44.
Opressini, iii. 113.

Oquendo, Michael de, and the

Armada (1588) iv. 200; ship of,

burnt by the English, 215; lost

at sea, 230.
Orage, found in Virginia (1586)

VIII. 360.
Oram, city, on the Mediterranean

Sea, VI. 143.
Orange, de, captain of the mutineers

in Fort Caroline (1564) ix. 43.
Orange, Prince of, tune of, played

on the fife by Nicholas Burgoig-

non at S. John's fort (1586) x.

129.
Oratina, see Utina.
Oratio, Regaly, Caesar Frederick at

the house of, in Tripolis (1581) v.

447-
Orcades, see Orkney.
Orchell moss, found in Canary

Islands, used for dyeing, vi. 125,

130-135.
Orcus, ^ river, in Thessaly, iv. 37,

133-
Orda, Golden, or Emperor's tent, i.

171.

Ordas, Diego, de Leon, his attempt
to discover Guiana (1531) x. 359,
496.

Orders, sealed, of the Cadiz expedi-
tion (1596) IV. 241.

Ordinance, see Ordnance.

Ordnance, Russian, 11. 430, 431; of
the Armada (1588) iv. 201 ; in
Rhodes (1522) v. 7; used by the
Turks at the siege of Rhodes, 18 ;
Turkish master of the, killed at
the siege, 25 ; of the King of
Pegu, 425 ; of Fayal, vii. 9 ; in
English ships, in (1594) 123; cap-
tured by Sir Francis Drake (1586)
X. 134.

Ordowil, see Ardouill.

Ordu, Tushi's son, senior duke,
I. 74, 150, 167 f.

Ore, found in Hall's Island, by
Hall, master of the Gabriel (1576)
VII. 290; in Meta Incognita (1577)
291, 342; found by Captain Fro-
bisher (1577) 298; gold, in Anne
of Warwick's Island, 300, 314,
347; black, found by Captain
Best, VII. 355, 357> 360; from
Newfoundland (1578) viii. 15;
found by Daniel, the miner (1583)
60.

Oreiche na maelay, place in Russia,
III. 78.

Orejones, ' Gentlemen of Peru,' in
Gomara's * Hist. Gen.,' cap, 119,
X. 400.

Orejones of Cuzco, and Huascar, x.
340; and the son of Guaynacapa,
356.

Orellana, Captain, his attempt to
discover Guiana (1542) x. 358;
discovery of the Amazon river by,
359, 476, 499; first attempt of, to
conquer Guiana, 429; sent down
the Amazon river, xi. 241 ; death
of, 242.

Orellana river, Pedro de Orsua at
(1560) X. 498; difficulties of gain-
ing access to Guiana from, 499.

Orenoque, see Orinoco.

Orenoqueponi, x. 361 ; people on the
Orinoco, 366; or Guianians, 400;
followers of Topiawari, 423.

Orfa, Ralph Fitch at (c. 1583) v.
50.5-

338

INDEX

Orford, Suffolk, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet at, i. 299.

Orfordness, Willoughby's fleet at, 11.
218, 219; Anthony Jenkinson's
fleet at, 414; Arthur Pet at (1580)
III. 282, 302.

Organes hills, see Organos.

Organes, fight near, between Eng-
lish and Spanish ships (1590) viii.
420; dangerous rocks near Cuba,
X. 244.

Organos, Los, hills in Cuba, viii.
411, X. 323.

Organum, land of, i. 284.

Orgas, Count of, on the Saint Philip
{1588) IV. 226.

Orguene, Regnum, east of Guinea,
VI. 168.

Orimo, John de, letter from, to the
King of Spain (1590) x. 158;
general of the Spanish fleet, 160.

Orinikero, town of Gowateri, x.
492.

Orinoco river, x. 356, 365, 368; Sir
Robert Dudley's sailors on the
(1595) 208; derivation of, 212;
tributaries of, 371 ; description of,
by Sir Walter Raleigh, 382 ;
breadth of, 394; navigable up to
Granada and Popayan, 395 ;
means of invasion for Peru, Gran-
ada, and Popayan, 408; Bara-
quan, name of the, above Meta,
408 ; divides itself in three
branches at Ariacoa, 417; tribu-
taries and mouth of the, 420; de-
scribed by Sir Walter Raleigh
(1595) 425; in Laurence Keymis's
report on Guiana, x. 455, 459, 494;
channel of, description of, 463 ;
named Raleana after Sir Walter
Raleigh (1596) 476; mouths of,
Christopher Columbus at, xii. 11;
Sir Walter Raleigh at (1595)

73.

Oripei, hunters of Africa, vi. 169.

Orisa, see Orissa.

Orissa, Caesar Frederick at (c. 1583)
V. 408; description of, 409; pro-
ducts of, 409; king of Patna in,
410; near Satagan, 482.

Oristou, name of King and river in
Florida, ix. 112; cacique, 113.

Orixa, see Orissa.

Orkney Islands, King Arthur and, i.
3, 4; Spanish ships at (1588) iv.
229; Captain Martin Frobisher
sights (1576) VII. 211, (1577) 212;
description of, 213, 286 f . ; S.
Magnus Sound in, Captain Fro-
bisher at (1577) 286; Kirkwall,
chief town of, 287,

Orleance, see Orleans.

Orleans, John de, master of a
French ship in Guinea (1557) vi.
215, 218.

Orleans Cape, discovered by Jacques
Cartier (1534) viii. 194, 219;
Jacques Cartier at (1536) 258;
fresh water river at, 280 ; latitude
of, 281.

Orleans Isle, viii. 279; Roberval at
(1542) 284.

Orlovanos, S. Nicolas to, iii. 69.

Ormes, see Ormuz.

Ormond, Earl of, 11. 135.

Ormus, see Ormuz.

Ormus, thirteenth bishop of Holen,
in Iceland (1343) iv. 55, 154.

Ormuz, VIII. 128 ; and the Portu-
guese, III. 31; spice trade in, 43;
thirty days' journey from Kazvin
to, 51; great market at, 62, 147;
Indian warfare at, 138 ; Humphry
Greensell burnt at (1570) 154;
spices brought from, 161 ; Friar
Odoric at (1330) iv. 411; Caesar
Frederick's description of (1563) v.
372 ; election of the King of, 373 ;
trade with Diu, 377; Caesar Fred-
erick at, 442 ; John Newbery in
(1583) 457» 458. 460, 461 f., 506;
Ralph Fitch in (1583) 463-468,
503 ; his description of, 468 ; Don
Gonsalo de Meneses, captain of,
507; products of, sold at Bus-
sorah, vi. 6; weight, measure and
money current at, 14; and mon-
soons, _ 29, 30, 34; plan of,
engraving of, 32 ; sun-worship
at, no; vanil of Cambay, sold at,
323 ; Portuguese garrison at, viii.
445, x. 487.

Orna, on the Don, i. 76; besieged
by Tartars, 152.

Ornaments worn by Africans, de-
scription of, VI. 173.

Oro, Cape de, latitude of, xi. 348.

339

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Oro, Rio del, latitude of, x.
335; John Winter at (1577)

XI. 150; Robert Withrington at,
latitude of (1586) 204; Thomas
Cavendish at (1586) 291; sound-
ings, 351.

Oro, river del, vi. 157, 180, 236;

latitude of, 450.
Orocoa, gold mine in, in Waliame,

X. 207.
Orocotona, town of the King of

Aromaia, latitude of, x. 401.
Orodes, king of the Parthians, iv.

72, 174-

Orontes, river in the plam of Anti-
och, VI. 108,

Orpheus and Eurydice, iv. 28, 120.

Orsele, Warner ab, fourteenth
master of the Dutch knights, 11.
6.

Orsino, Latino, friendliness of, to-
wards Nestor Martiningo (i57i)v.
150.

Orsua, Pedro de, his attempt to dis-
cover Guiana (1560) x. 362, 497,
498; murdered by his soldiers,
408, 499, XI. 18, 245 ; and the dis-
covery of the Amazon, 17, 243;
mutiny of Lopez de Agira against,
244.

Ortal, Jeronimo de, of Saragossa,
his attempt to discover Guiana
(1534) X. 363, 497.

Ortega, Captain John de, in pur-
suit of John Oxenham (1575) x.
78, XI. 230 ; his fight with John
Oxenham, x. 79.

Ortega, Pedro de, Alvar^s de Men-
danio's vice-admiral, xi. 288.

Ortelius, Abraham, i. liii., iii. 210;
map of the world by, engraving of,

I. i. ; map of Europe, engraving of,

II. 488 ; portrait of, iii. 272 ;
book of maps by, 272 ; map by
(1569) VII. 163, 180, 192; map of
the Scythian Cape by, 192 ; of the
world by, 197, 203 ; on the dis-
covery of Estotiland, by Antonio
Zeno (1390) 464; his correction
of maps, VIII. 444; and Hakluyt,

XII. 75.

Ortogules, son of Oguzalpes, iii.

399-
Ormus, see Ormuz.

Orwell Wands, Willoughby's fleet
at, II. 217, 218; Stephen Borough
at, 323 ; Anthony Jenkinson at,

413-

Orzua, see Orsua.

Osascan, native of Virginia, enemy
to the English (1586) viii. 337.

Osborne, Sir Edward, portrait
of, V. iii. ; and the Levant
trade (1578) v. 167, 170; granted
privileges by Queen Elizabeth
(1581) 192 ; governor of the
second company for the Levant
trade (1581) 193-202; and the
Grand Master of Malta, 218;
letter to the King of Algiers (1584)
268, 269; and the Jesus (1583)
292 ; and Ralph Fitch's voyage to
India (1583) 465; and Levant
trade (1592) vi. 73; governor of
the Levant Company (1592) 75,
76, 78.

Osborne. Master, and the trade with
S. Vincent in Brazil, xi. 27.

Osburne, see Osborne.

Osella, Arusberg on the, iii. 454.

Osibel, brother of Murecard, King
of Ireland, i. 31.

Osiers, see Mimbras.

Osman, Pasha, governor of Media
(1577) III. 234.

Osmine, Russian measure for corn,
II. 275.

Osorius, * De rebus gestis Emanuelis
Regis Portugalliae,' iii. 461.

Osprey, English discoverers fed by
an (1536) VIII. 5.

Osterna, Boppo ab, sixth master of
the Dutch knights, 11. 3, 5.

Ostrich, Henry, death of, in Bar-
bary, vi. 137.

Ostrige, William, Levant trader
(1535) V. 69.

Ostrov, on the Owiga, iii. 76 ; Var-
nich to, 81.

Osua, Pedro de, see Orsua.

Oswald, Saint, archbishop of York
(d. 992) I. 22.

Otelands, see Oatlands.

Othon, and the Indians from
America, vii. 173.

Othor, Earl, at the battle of Sant-
wat, I. 28.

Otoman, see Ottoman.

340

INDEX

Otranto, Cape, in Apulia, v. 80.

Ottavio, of Rimini, captain, made
slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 152.

Ottigni, M. de. Captain Laudon-
niere's lieutenant, and the Indians
of Dominica (1564) ix. 4; at the
river of Dolphins, 5 ; and the In-
dians of Florida, 9; expedition of,
towards Thimogoa (1564) 18; and
King Utina make war on King
Potanou (1565) 56 f. ; and the
shipbuilding in Fort Caroline, 60 ;
deceived by King Utina (1565) 63 ;
and the Indian ambushes (1565)
72 f., 74; and Sir J. Hawkins'
ship (1565) 80; and his advice
about Spanish ships in Florida
(1565) 90.

Ottigny, see Ottigni.

Otto of Kerpen, second master of
the Hospitallers of Jerusalem
(1200) II. I.

Otto Frisingensis, appendix to a
history of, i. 316.

Ottocar I., king of Bohemia, i. 51,

159. 179.
Ottoman, son of Ortogules, first
chief of the Turkish nation, iii.

399-

Ottoman, Mahomet's companion,
tomb of, at Medina, v. 363.

Ottonburge, see Salamanca.

Ottver, or Otver, from Moscow to,
III. 68; Anthony Jenkinson awaits
the Emperor of Russia at (1572)
III. 179; Sir Jerome Horsey at,

Otwer, see Ottver.

Oudoria, conquered province of

Russia, III. 359.
Ouglets, see Ouglits.
Oughts, the Dowager-Empress of

Russia at (1584) iii. 337; various

furs found at, 365.
Ounces, see Leopards.
Ourari, Indian poisonous herb, x.

495-
Our Lady of Pity, Spanish bark,

taken by Luke Warde (1582) xi.

184.
Ousley, Captain, ambassador from

the English generals in Portugal

to the emperor of Morocco (1589)

VI. 511.

Outina, see Utina.

Outlaws in Crete (1551) v. 75.

Ouygat, Duke of Tartary, i. 150.

Ovade, King, brother of King Cov-
exis, and Captain Albert (1562)
VIII. 478; liberality of, 479,
481.

Ovando, Francis de, sacrificed by
Indians (1540) ix. 164.

Oveak, on the west side of Vol-
ga, III. 216; English merchants
at, 246; altitude of, 248.

Ovear, Mahomet's disciple, iii. 36.

Ovejas, Las, or the Sheep, danger-
ous rocks near Hispaniola, x.

327-.
Overniron, Boca de, mentioned in

Ruttier, xi. 84.
Ovid, Metamorphoses 15, quotation

from, IV. 36, 131.
Oviedo, Gonsalo Fernando de, 11.

161 ; on Cuba and Hispaniola, vii.

267; * History of the West Indies '

by, x. 4; account of the Marafion

by, sent to Cardinal Bembo, 361 ;

quotation from Book 20, xi. 259.
Oviedus, see Oviedo.
Ovsca Gouba, S. Nicholas to, iii.

69.
Ovslona, Monastery, altitude of, in.

248.
Ovst Colla, S. Nicolas to, iii. 69.
Ovst Navelocki, S. Nicholas to, in.

69.
Owarecapater Island, in the Orinoco

river, x. 494.
Owaripoore, town of the Inana, x.

492.
Owchay, 11. 420.
Owcowi river, x. 492.
Oweke, latitude of, 11. 479.
Owen Gwynedd, prince of North

Wales (11 70) VII. 133.
Owen, Thomas, member of the Bar-

bary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Owiga river, iii. 75.
Owna river, in. 74.
Owrinoicke, river in Guiana, x.

207.
Owry, Arthur Pet at (1580) in.

302.
Ox birds in Malacca, vi. 397.
Oxen, crook-backed, found in Qui-

341

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

vira, IX. 165 ; of Quivira, descrip-
tion and use of, 168; crook-
backed, of Quivira, description of,
made to Captain Alarchon (1540)
306; crook-backed, of Cevola,
description of (1540) 309; de-
scription of, by Henry Hawks,

383-

Oxenham, John, of Plymouth (d.
1575), in the isthmus of Darien, i.
xxvii. ; and the Spaniards in the
straits of Darien, viii. 315; voy-
age of, to West Indies (1575),
written by Lopez Vaz, x. 77-81 ;
fight of, with the Spanish cap-
tain, John de Ortega (1575) 79;
captured by Diego de Frees,
execution of, at Lima (1575) 80,
XI. 233, 286; reference to the
landing of, in Nombre de Dios
(1587) X. 151; ships captured by
(1575) XI. 229, 230; on the Pacific
Ocean, xii. 67.

Oxford, Earl of, see Vere, Edward
de.

Oxford, Mount, in Meta Incognita,
the Thomas Allen in distress near
(1578) VII. 348.

Oxford, university of. Ingulf at
(1064) IV. 290; Robert Curson at
(1218) 348; Earl of Leicester,
chancellor of, v. 120; Christ
Church, Hakluyt at, xii. 78.

Oxnam, see Oxenham.

Oxney, William, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 64.

Oxus, spring of, in Paraponisus, 11.
461, 462 ; Anthony Jenkinson near
the, 465, 468.

Oyle, see Oil.

Oyman, province in China, xi.

37Q-

Oysters, drying of, in New Spain,
IX. 385 ; growing on trees, de-
scription of, by Job Hortop (1568)
447; growing on trees in Trini-
<iad (1595) X. 349; growing on
trees at Sierra Leone, xi. 132,
174.

Ozeah, on the Tigris, vi. 6.

Pacheco, Don Luis and,

(1562) VI. 260.
Pachin, see Pekin.

in Guinea

Pachora, Anthony Godard at (1568)
IX. 418,

Pachuca, silver mines of, ix. 418.

Pachura, see Pachora.

Pachymerius, * Story of the Em-
perors of Constantinople ' by, iii.

397.

Paciacama in Peru, viii. 125.

Pacie, Edward, mariner on the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1553) 11. 214.

Pacific Ocean, vii. 160, 165, 168;
sea currents in, 169; Friar Andrew
ITrdaneta's voyage from, to Ger-
many, 196; map of, by Ortelius,
464, 466 ; voyage of Captain Gour-
gues to, IX. iii; California
Islands in, 318; ports on the,
365 f. ; Tecuanapa Harbour in,
473 ; Sir Anthony Sherley's inten-
tion of finding a passage from
Rio Dolce to (1597) x. 275; Sir
Francis Drake's voyage to (1577-
1578) XI. 101-133 ; the Desire in
the (1592) 404; Drake in, xii. 59.

Padilla, Friar John de, adventures
and death of (1540) ix. 166.

Padstow, Cornwall, ships from, in
Edward III.'s fleet, i, 298; Cap-
tain Frobisher at (1577) vii. 318;
Sir John Hawkins' arrival at
(1565) X. 63; Captain Davys at
(1593) XI. 416.

Padua. Richard Wrag at (c. 1594)
VI. 113.

Pages of honour in the Turkish
army, v. 106.

Pago, Don Francisco de, captain-
general of Don Henrico Manri-
ques (1572) IX. 373.

Pagoda in Pegu, v. 490.

Paine, Henry and Rose, settlers in
Virginia (1587) viii. 403.

Painpont, Martin de, leaves Charles-
burg Royal with Jacques Cartier
(1540) VIII. 269.

Paint, earth used as, by Indians of
Mexico (1572) IX. 382 ; war, of
Indians of Florida (1565) x. 52.

Painter, Thomas, quartermaster's
mate on the Bona Esperanza, 11.
213.

Painters, Chinese, vi. 359.

Paita bridge in Panama, x. 153.

Paita in Peru, see Payta.

342

/

INDEX

Paiton, Henry, member of the Bar-
bary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Pakeman, Richard, expedition to
Guinea (1555) v. 208.

Palace of Vanfuli, nephew of the
King of China, description of, vi.
326.

Palaces built in Japan (1591) xi.
427.

Palaeologus, Helen, wife of John,
King of Cyprus (1571) v. 125.

Palaeologus, Michael, Pachymerius
on. III. 397.

Palaeologus, Thomas, 11. 189.

Palandrie, Turkish ships at the
siege of Famagusta (1571) v. 130.

Palango, Kholmogory to, iii. 70.

Palathye or Palice, in Turkey, i.
308.

Palavicino, Sir Horatio, portrait of,
IV. 216; and the Armada (1588)
217; and his Spanish prisoner, M.
de Teligny (1588) 232.

Palestine or Philistine, Anthony
Jenkinson in, iii. 195.

Pallamos Islands, in the tributaries
of the Orinoco river, x. 382.

Pallie, Thomas, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

Palm or span, measure of Ormuz,
VI. 15.

Palm Sunday, ceremonies on, in
Russia, II. 434.

Palma, Juan de, captain of a Span-
ish ship (1589) VII. 5.

Palma Island, and town, one of the
Canaries, subject to Spain, vi.
131; description of, 132, 156;
latitude of, 133, 156, x. 332 ; Wil-
liam Towerson at (1555) vi. 178,
(1556) 212; Sir Francis Drake at
(1585) X. 102; birth-place of Pedro
Dias, XI. 458.

Palmas, Cape de las, vi. 158; de-
scription, 159, 463 ; latitude, 189 ;
William Towerson at (1555) 191,
(1556) 211, (1557) 229; English
and Portuguese merchants at
(1562) 259; the Richard of Arun-
del of (1591) 466; climate of, vii.
252.

Palmas, Las, Hawkins and Drake
repulsed at (1595) xii. 66.

Palmas, Rio das, in Guinea, VL
238.

Palmas, Rio de Las, between New
Spain and Florida, ix. 374.

Palmas, Rio de Las, near Panuco
river, marks of, in second Ruttier,
X. 317.

Palmas, Rio de las, mouth of Par-
ana river, mentioned in Ruttier
for Brazil, xi. 99.

Palmer, comptroller of the Mint,
and Sir Walter Raleigh's white
spar (1595) X. 344,

Palmer, Peter, boatswain on the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1553) n. 213.

Palmer, Richard, of the Maria Mar-
tin (1584) V. 281.

Palmer, Sir Henry, owner of the
Jane Bonaventure (1592) x. 190.

Palmer, Sir Thomas, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.

Palmer, William, of the Maria
Martin (1584) v. 281.

Palmer, William, mate of the Tohy,
death of (1593) vii. 125.

Palmerin, near Candimal, products
of, VII. 90.

Palmerin, near Refisca Viejo, pro-
ducts of, VII. 90.

Palmes Island, Sir John Hawkins
at (1564) X. II.

Palmo, see Palm.

Palm trees, cocoa-nut, in Chaul, v.
379. 470; in Pegu, 487; in Cey-
lon, 501; in Cochin, 502 ; descrip-
tion, by Job Hartop, ix. 447; in
Sambula Island, x. 17 ; in S. lago
Island, description of, 106 ; descrip-
tion of, and their fruit, xi. 104; on
Maio Island, 151.

Palobane, the Portuguese at, viii.
129.

Palo Campechio, see Logwood.

Palomide, a fish, description by John
Locke (1553) V. 81.

Palominos, Rio de, from the Sierras
Nevadas, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, X. 288.

Palos, cavo de, William Harborne at
(1583) V. 243.

Palsin on Pruth, Henry Austell at
(1585)7. 325.

Pamphilian Sea, west of Cyprus, v.
124.

343

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Pamphilus, Eusebius, ecclesiastical
writer, VIII. 107.

Pamplon, in Nuevo Reyno de Gran-
ada, X. 363, 368.

Pamplona, Robert de Ketene buried
at (1143) IV. 309.

Panama, John Chilton in (1570) ix.
368; port on South Sea, 391 ; cap-
ture of Spanish treasure between
Nombre de Dios and, by Sir Fran-
cis Drake (1572) x. 76; governor
of, and John Oxenham (1575) 78;
open to Sir Francis Drake, 94 ;
Spanish West Indian port, lati-
tude of, 148; monasteries in, 148;
fortifications of (1587) 149, 150;
Hieronymo de Nabares at (1590)
176; latitude of, 177; ships in,
177; silver brought from, to
Nombre de Dios (1587) 143 ; river
of Chagres near, 144 ; Sir Thomas
Baskerville's expedition to (1595)
238; the Cacajuego gone towards
(1579) XI. 116; ship from, and
Nuno da Silva and Sir Francis
Drake (1579) 142; ship to, and
Nuno da Silva and Sir Francis
Drake (1579) 144; John Oxen-
ham's men executed at (1575) 233 ;
Sir Francis Drake and the Span-
ish ship, gone from Lima to, 264 ;
built by the Spaniards, 279 ; wealth
of, 286 ; latitude of, 350 ; pro-
ducts of Peruvian mines brought
to, XII. 52 ; Drake and Hawkins
beaten off, 66.

Panama Island, see Panay.

Panapi, nation of the Maicawini, x.
494.

Panay or Panuma Island, Thomas
Cavendish at (1588) xi. 334; lati-
tude of, 350 ; from, to Lago
Grande, 364, 370; anchorage at,

373-
Pancaldo, shipmaster of Genoa, and

the Strait of Magellan, xi. 258.
Panela or Netas, inferior sort of

sugar, VI. 128.
Pangaias, Moorish barks, vi. 391.
Pannay, see Panay.
Pannonia, see Hungary.
Pantalarea, see Pantelleria.
Pantelleria Island, William Har-

borne sights (1583) v. 249; fight

off (1586) VI. 46, 50, 54; victory
of English fleet at, 55 ; Island of
Tunis, 143.

Panten Island or Tathalamasin, pro-
ducts of, IV. 417.

Panuco, Andrew de Campo's journey
to (1540) IX. 166; John Chilton's
voyage to (1572) 370; John Chil-
ton's illness in (1572) 371; An-
thony Godard and his men in
(1568) 414, 415.

Panuco river, ix. 371 ; sailors of Sir
John Hawkins landed near (1568)
409, 454 ; marks of, in second Rut-
tier, X. 318.

Pao river, in Guiana, x. 407.

Papalo Hills, in Almeria, x. 295.

Papamene, branch of the Amazon,

X. 358 ; Don Gonzales Ximenes
de Casada on the, 364 ; tributary
of the Amazon, 408.

Paphos or Baffo, John Locke at
(1553) V. 85; Lorenzo Tiepolo,
governor of (1571) 123, 131 ; temple
of Venus in, v. 124, 131; in
Cyprus, VI. 107; S. Paul in, 108.

Papini, language of the, iii. 411.

Papuas, VI. 464.

Paqui, see Pekin.

Paraca, see Paracas.

Paracas, Thomas Cavendish at (1587)

XI. 309 ; latitude of, 359 ; from, to
Lima, 360; anchorage at, 372.

Paracaussy, King, in Florida, ix. 6.

Paracoa, Sir Robert Dudley's de-
scription of (1595) X. 206; Sir
Walter Raleigh at (1595) 349;
laio, people living at, 350 ; in
Trinidad, King Carapana brought
up in, 372.

Paracuttos, nation on the Marawin
river, x. 492.

Paradise, site of the earthly, vi. 145

VII. 255, XII. 10.

Paraguay river, mentioned in Rut
tier for river Plate, xi. 100.

Parai, Chinese barge, vi. 314, 320

Paraiba, silver mines at, xi. 67.

Parajua, latitude of, Feliciano Cieza
governor of (1597) xi. 65; French
fort in, taken by the people of
Pernambuco, 249; Diego Flores
de Valdes at, and the French
ships, 271.

344

INDEX

Paramantia, Cape de, in Ortelius's

map, VII. 163.
Parammona, great town on the

Maworia, x. 490.
Parana, Indian captain, x. 495.
Parana river, mentioned in Ruttier

for river Plate, xi. 98; Rio de

Palmas, mouth of, 99.
Paranda, village in Russia, iii. 77.
Parapara, poisonous Indian herb, x.

495.
Paraponisus in India, spring of the

Oxus, II. 461.
Pararweas, nation on the Arowari

river, x. 490.
Parawatteo, Indian captain, x. 493.
Parawianni, nation on the Curitini

river, x. 492.
Parawiannos, town on the Berbice

river, x. 494.
Parcberk, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

321.
Pardao, money of Ormuz, vi. 14;

of Goa, 19 ; of Malacca, 22.
Pardons, the Mountain of, at Mecca,

description, v. 355; Santon's

sermon on the, 357.
Paredes, Count of, volunteer in the

Armada (1588) iv. 203.
Parenzo, near Rovigno, John Locke

at (1553) V. 104, 105; Henry Aus-
tell at (1585) 322.
Pargoes, see Breams.
Pargos, Cape, George Fenner at

(1567) VI. 269.
Paria, Sir Robert Dudley's voyage

to (1594) X. 203; High land of,

in Guiana, and Sir Robert Dud-
ley (1595) 207; coast of, Jeronimo

Ortal cast on, 363; Indians of,

and the gold of Guiana, 366;

Antonio de Berreo's coasting of,

372 ; distance from Amazon river

to, XI. 21; gulf of, or Bocca del

Dragone, vi. 403.
Pariagotos, enemies to the Spanish,

superstitions of (1596) x. 474.
Parico, see Paracoa.
Parime or Roponowini lake, named

by the Caribs, x. 459; inland sea

of salt water, 464.
Parino province. Sir Walter

Raleigh's description of (1595) x.

417.

XII 345

Paris, Matthew (d. 1259) i. 43 ; on
Tartars, 50-54; Henry II. and the
Christian soldiers in the Holy
land (1177) IV. 311; contribution
to the succour of the Holy Land
by King John (1210), by, 345;
testimony of, on Robert Curson,
348; Earl of Chester's voyage to
the Holy Land by, 349; Earl of
Cornwall's voyage to Syria, by
(1240) 352; Emperor Baldwin's
visit to England, by (1247)

353-

Paris, or Parris, Tobias, mate, iii.
244; leaves Astrakhan, 245; re-
turns to England, 247.

Paris, siege of (1590) iv. 83, 187;
Prince Edward at, entertained by
the King of France (1270) 366;
heat of, compared to that of St.
Thomas Islands, etc., vii. 258;
Captain Laudonniere at (1565) ix.
99 ; Hakluyt at, and Don Antonio,
XII. 76.

Paris, Island of, Laurence Aldersey
near (1586) vi. 41.

Parish, Edward, merchant in Ham-
burg (1585) V. 320.

Parker, George Turberville's verses
to, III. 131-135-

Parker, Captain, wells made in
Brazil by (1582) xi. 182; woods
set on fire bv, 182.

Parker, Captain William (d. 1618),
of Plymouth, and Sir Anthony
Sherley leave Jamaica for the Bay
of Honduras (1597) x. 274; voyage
of, to Margarita, etc. (1596) 277-
280; information of, on Charuas
Bay (1595) 340.

Parker, Charles, and the mutiny on
board the Desire (1592) xi. 396;
distress of, at Port Desire (1592)
399; sent on Penguin Island (1592)
408, 410; slain by wild men, 411.

Parker, Henrv, of the Maria Martin
(1584) V. 281.

Parker, Nicholas, assistant to Ed-
ward Fenton (1582) xi. 163; at
Sierra Leone, 176.

Parker, Nicolas, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Parkhurst, Anthony, letter from, to
Richard Hakluyt (1578) viii. 9-16;

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

and Sir John Hawkins' voyage to
Florida (1565) x. 63.

Parlican Harbour, in Newfoundland,
vin. 179.

Parma, Prince of, and the Armada
(1588) IV. 203, 219; and the Eng-
lish and Dutch, 207; and Justin
of Nassau, 209; towns taken by
the, VI. 491.

Parma, a Turkish boat, vi. 95.

Parmenius, Stephen, of Buda, his
praises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert
(1583) viii. 23-33; death, in wreck
of the Delight, 67; letter from,
to Richard Hakluyt (1583) 78,
81.

Parmentier, discoveries of the
brothers, xii. 9.

Paroes or house boats in Cosmin, v.

485.
Paroma, mouth of the Orinoco river,

X. 420.

Parossitae, i. 77, 86; habits of the,
153, 166.

Parr, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)
viii. 318.

Parrots, land of, see Brazil.

Parrots in California, ix. 312; found
in Guiana, xi. 14; in Trinidad,
22.

Parsons, Richard, master of the
Susan (1582) v. 243.

Parthia, Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.
196.

Partridge, Master, of the Earl of
Cumberland's voyage (1589) vii.
I.

Partridges, tame, in Trebizond, iv.
408; in Canada, viii. 228; in Vir-
ginia (1586) 369; grey and red,
in Florida, 451, 461; in Cevola,
IX. 139.

Parvis, Henry, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75, 78.

Pascatir, see Hungary the Greater.

Pasha, Great, William Harborne's
presents to (1583) v. 251.

Pashas, pay of the five, of the Grand
Signior, annuities of (1588) vi. 61,

65-

Pasqual, Monte, mentioned in Rut-
tier, XI. 79.

Pass, see Passport.

Passage, North-east, to Cathay, iii.

45O' 457; Mercator on, 275-282;
Anthony Jenkinson on, 457;
Ramusio on, 458.
Passage, North-west, the, to North-
ern America, intended discovery of
(1495) VII. 141, 143; Sebastian
Cabot in search of (1496) 148; Sir
Humphrey Gilbert on (1548) 158-
191, XII. 25, 26; ancient
authorities on, vii. 160-164;
Fretum trium fratrum, 172,
181, 197; travellers through the,
179 ; and the king of Portugal,
iSo; proofs of, 181; dangers of
navigation in, 183, 192; advan-
tages of, 184, 185 ; Richard Willes
on, 191-203; latitude of, 197;
Martin Frobisher's first voyage to
(1576) 204-211, 279-283; second
voyage (1577) 211-230, 284-319;
his plan of discovery (1576) 277;
Adrian Gilbert and the discovery
(1583) 375-381; company for dis-
covery of, 378; John Davys 's first
voyage for discovery (1585- 1587)
381-393 ; second voyage of John
Davys (1586) 393-413; third voy-
age of John Davys (1587) 414-422;
to Cathay, arguments for a, vii.
191-203; from the Grand Bay to
Cathay, likelihood of a, viii. 112;
intended discovery of, by Edward
Fenton (1582) xi. 167; voyages to,
XII. 24, 26, 28 ; * Discourse to prove
a passage to Cathay ' by Sir H.
Gilbert, 26.

Passage, the, a harbour in Biscay,
VIII. 88 ; near St. John de Luz, x.
100.

Passage of the Castles, see Castles.

Passage overland from Cartagena to
Peru, XI. 236.

Passages, the. Islands in West
Indies, x. 230.

Passaguates Indians and Conchos
Indians (1581) IX. 186; description
of, Antonio de Espejo's expedition
to (1582) 189.

Passaje, El, north-east of Puerto
Rico, X. 327.

Passaquenoke, the woman's town,
native town in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 322.

Passaro, Cape, in Sicily, v. 249.

346

INDEX

Passengers on the ships of the Mus-
covy Company, ii. 319.

Passin, vSir, Grand Master of
Rhodes' ambassador to Solyman
(1522) V. 49, 54, 55, 56; and
Achmet Pasha, 50.

Passport, for Russian ambassadors
in England, 11. 17; Anthony Jen-
kinson's, to pass through Russia
(1561) III. I, 9, 18; from the King
of Shirvan to Jenkinson, 33 ; or
'Tartar Bull,' iii. 401; given to
Anthony Jenkinson by Solyman
^1553) V. 109; necessary for
English trade in Chios, 115;
for the Englishmen in the Rey-
nolds, by the Grand Master of
Malta (1582) V. 215, 217; for
Thomas Shingleton, by the King
of Algiers (1583) 266, 267; for
Captain Henry Austell, and Yac-
omo Manuchio (1585) 328; for
Thomas Forster (1586) 329; for a
Flemish ship, from the English
lord-admiral, x. 272.

Pastelnischay, Estoma Bisabroza,
chamberlain of Emperor of Russia,
III. 414.

Pastrana, duke of, and the Armada
(1588) IV. 205.

Pasture for cattle in Cuba and
Hispaniola, Ferdinand Oviedo on,
VII. 267.

Pasvolans, used at the siege of
Rhodes (1522) v. 19.

Pat, see Patna.

Pataches of the Armada, iv. 200;
return of the, 230.

Patachine, money of Malacca, vi.
22.

Patagones, see Patagonians.

Patagonians, description of, by
Lopez Vaz, xi. 256; and English
sailors (1578) 157.

Patagons, see Patagonians.

Patamar, Indian postman, v. 510.

Patane, see Patna.

Patanson, John, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 60.

Patarabueyes, see Jumanos.

Patenaw, see Patna.

Patica, King, and the return of the
mutinous soldiers of Captain Lau-
donniere (1565) ix. 45.

Patica, Captain Laudonniere's en-
voys at (1565) IX. 54; Captain
Laudonniere at, with King Utina

(1565) 69.
Patimara, Rajah of Java (1580) xi.

132.
Patmos, St. John in, vi. 107.
Patna, description of gold pits in, v.

480; aloe epatica found in, vi.

26; King of, in Orissa, v. 410.
Pato river, tributary of Meta river,

Guiana, x. 365, 408; spring of,

368.
Patos, Porto de, mentioned in Rut-
tier, XI. 84,
Patras, English ship from, sunk by

two Algiers galleys (1584) v. 268,

269; English molested in (1584)

283 ; commandment to, 285 ;

Laurence Aldersey and (1586) vi.

39, 40; the Toby bound for (1593)

VII. 124.
Patriarch or religious governor, 11.

254-
Patrickestowe, see Padstow.
Pattay, Count Arnar and Richard

Rainolds in Refisca (1591) vii. 93.
Pattenson, Hugh, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.
Patterson, Edward, mariner on the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.

214.
Paul, and Godred, King of Man, i.

31-
Paul, seventh Bishop of Schalholt,

in Iceland (1195) iv. 55, 153.
Paul a Russdorff, twenty-sixth

master of the Dutch knights, 11.

8.
Paul of Plymouth, the, ship of

William Hawkins (1530-32) xi. 23.
Paul, John, master's mate of the

Golden Hind, reckonings made by

(1583) VIII. 64.
Paulin, John, and Prussian pirates,

II. 60.
Paulinus, apostle of Northumberland

(d. 644) I. 9.
Paulus Venetus, on the spelling of

Cathay, i. 144.
Pavos. a boat, iii. 221, 239, 243.
Pavosan, Port, in S. Thomas, built

by the Portuguese, viii. 127.
Pawro river, x. 492.

347

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Pawroma river, see Pawrooma.

Pawrooma river, x. 376, 494;
between Cape Cecil and Raleana
river, 459.

Paxides, Earl of, brother of Don
Pedro de Manriques, vi. 485.

Pay, Henry, of Plymouth, sea cap-
tain, II. 104; and the French ships,
I. 50.

Pay, of the Russian army, iii. 378,
379 ; of the officers of the Grand
Turk's Seraglio or Court (1588) vi.
61-68; of Bonzes, for a funeral in
Japan, 343 ; of the English army
(1589) 515.

Payta, John Chilton at (1570) ix.
369 ; the Cacafuego gone towards
(1579) XI. 115; Nuno da Silva and
Sir Francis Drake at (1579) 143;
town in Peru, 286 ; taken and
burnt by Thomas Cavendish (1587)
312, 368.

Payta Bay, latitude of, xi. 349, 359 ;
from, to Cape Blanco, 361 ;
anchorage, 372.

Paytiti, Amazon river's course
through, XI. 16; situation of, 18.

Payva, John, conspirator against
Thomas Dassel (1591) vii. 95.

Paz, de la, city, plague and small-
pox in (1590) X. 171.

Peace, between England and France,
King Lyon's mission of (1386) iv.

445-449-

Peach, Bartholomew, witness of
Henry HI.'s charter, i. 324.

Peak, the, in Teneriffe, vi. 268; de-
scription of, X. 13.

Pearde, Nicolas, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 76, 78.

Pearls, near Chilao, v. 395, 396,
397, 443 ; at Bahrein Island, 468,
504, VI. 7; on the Negapatam
coast, V. 501 ; in Guinea, vi. 184,
191, 252; at Hainan Island, vi.
355 ; in oysters and mussels in
Newfoundland (1578) viii. 11; in
Virginia, 303, 357; account of
Menatonon of (1585) 323; found
in California, ix. 318; in China,
392, X. 165; found in Riohacha,
IX. 401 ; in Aguatulco, 471 ; in
Paria, xi. 22 ; trade in, at
Riohacha and Cabo de la Vela

237; at Margarita Island, 238;
fisheries in Florida, description of,
X. 37, 58 ; in Bermuda, 202 ; in Mar-
garita and Coche Islands (1595)
216.

Pearls, Isle of. Captain Ulloa at
(1509) IX. 228, 229.

Pearls, Island of, John Oxenham
at (1575) X. 77, 230.

Pechinchow, see Pechingo.

Pechingo, Russian monastery, 11.
416, III. 205, 331; English mer-
chants in, 116; William Borough
questioned on, 203 ; English trade
in, restricted to Muscovy Com-
pany, 397.

Pechora, river, 11. 334 f., 341, 346;
lodias for, 327; fishing in the,
328 ; yew market, 387 ; from
Dvina to, six days' journey, 482;
English trade at, restricted to the
Muscovy Company, iii. 97 ; Eng-
lish merchants in, 116; English
expedition on the (1588) 119- 124;
Arthur Pet in the bay of (1580)
287; best sables found at, 365;
walrus found at, 368 ; conquest of,
388 ; journey from Moscow to,
by Sigismund ab Herberstein, 405-
412 ; Oliver on the, 454, 456.

Peckham, Sir George, in Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's expedition (1583)

VIII. 41 ; account of Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's discoveries, 89;
conference with Richard Hakluyt
(1582) 131.

Pedraza, Alonso, cacao garden of,

IX. 471.

Pedro, a Mulatto, runaway from
Virginia (1590) viii. 408.

Pedro de Venetia, John Locke at the
house of, in Zante (1553) v. 82.

Pedro, Don, son of Don Juan,
nephew of Topiawari, x. 412.

Pedro Garcia, Cabeza de, x. 300.

Peele, * Battle of Alcazar ' by, xii.
103.

Peerson, opinion of the pinnace,
in John Davys 's third voyage
(1587) VII. 415; steward in the
fleet, 422.

Pegasus, the, of Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1595) X. 227; attacked by the
Spaniards (1596) 241 ; loss of, 242.

348

INDEX

Pegu, kingdom of, v. 374; ship
from S. Thomas to, 402 ; Caesar
Frederick's voyage to (1567) 412;
gulf of Tavoy, in the, 414; Mar-
taban, in the, 414; white elephants
in, 421, 422-424; idols in, 425 f . ;
justice, 427; products of, 430, 433,
492, 504, VI. 386, 401 ; bankruptcy
in, V. 431 ; business ways in, 434;
jewel trade in, 434 f. ; and the
King of Aracan, 439; dress in,
448; Ralph Fitch in (c. 1583) 485,
486, 500; priestcraft in, 493; cus-
toms of, 497; lacca found in, vi.
26; monsoon from Goa to, 31;
from, to the Indies, 31 ; the way
to, from Ormuz, 324; description,
by Friar Peter of Lisbon (1587)
385 ; products, 386, 401 ; ship
from, taken by the Edward Bona-
venture (1591) x. 195.

Pegu, city of, v. 419; described,
420, 486 ; King of, Siam taken by,
407; falchines of, 415; riches of,
425 ; triumphal procession of, 426 ;
palace of, 487.

Peirs, Thomas, of Cley, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 65.

Pekin (Cambalu), ten days' journey
from Cathay, 11. 481 ; chief seat of
the Khan, iii. 252, 280; on the
Hwang-ho, 263 ; shipping at, 265 ;
map of, 268; in Cathay, iv. 429;
forest near, 433 ; the Great Khan
at, 441 ; residence of the King of
China, vi. 295, 296, 350; size of,
316; wine in, 357; description of,
XI. 379; chief city in China,

423-

Pekwa, great town on the Barima
river, x. 494.

Pelagius, heresy of (390) iv. 277.

Pelagius Albanensis, at the taking
of Damietta (12 18) iv. 348.

Pelagosa Island, near Dalmatia, v.
78.

Pelican, the, flagship of Sir Francis
Drake (1577) xi. 102, xii. 55; or
Golden Hind (1579) xi. 146; in the
Pacific Ocean, 60; return to Ply-
mouth, 61.

Pelican's Bay, named by Sir Robert
Dudley (1595) x. 205.

Pelicans in Florida, x. 61.

Pells, John, on the Content (1591) x.

183.
Pembroke, Richard, Earl of, see

Clare.
Pembroke, Earl of, see Herbert,

William.
Pemisapan, see Wingina.
Pena, physician, on sesame, v. 237.
Penalosa.Don John Garcias de, letter

to, from Don John de Miramontes

Suasola (1590) x. 169.
Penbroke, see Pembroke.
Penchester, Stephen, constable of

Dover Castle, i. 47; witness of

Edward I.'s great charter, 296.
Penco, see Concepcion.
Penegonde, King of Bezeneger in,

V. 386.

Penelope, the, flagship, voyage of

(1591) VI. 387, X. 194; George
Raymond, captain of, vi. 390 ; loss
of, 390, X. 194.

Penguin Island, latitude and pro-
ducts of, VIII. 4; fowls on, 14;
penguins, 49, 81 ; discovered by
Owen Gwynedd, 108; the Grace
at (1594) 165; Thomas Cavendish
at (1587) XI. 298; in the Magellan
Straits, 357; anchorage at, 371;
John Chidley at (1589) 382; the
Desire's crew at, their sufferings

(1592) 400. 408.

Penguins in Aguada Saldanha,

VI. 389; living in burrows, xi.
296.

Peniche, in Portugal," Gusman,
Conde de Fuentes at (1589) vi.
473 ; English army at, 496 ; Cap-
tain Barton leaves, with the Eng-
lish army, 511; General Sir John
Norris at (c. 1591) vii. 40; Eng-
lish fleet at (1591) 57.

Pennafiel, Marquess de, volunteer in
the Armada (1588) iv. 203.

Pennester, see Penchester.

Penninge, fur trade at, 11. 276.

Penny, Earnest, in bargains, i. 334.

Pensioners, captain of the, in Tur-
key, or Chaus Pasha, pay of, vi.
62 ; his pension, 63,

Pentecost Point, Stephen Borough at
(1557) II. 365.

Pepper, scarcity of, in Persia, iii.
161 ; in Malabar, iv. 412 ; growth

349

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

of, 413; from Cochin, v. 392, 395,
502, 503 ; growth and harvest of,
442 ; from Coulam, 501 ; in Ben-
gal, Pegu, and Java, 504; found
in Cochin and Malabar, vi. 24;
long, found in Bengal and
Malacca, 26; in Benin, 149, 454-
459; cargo of, captured by the
Edward Bonaventure (1592) 397;
from Benin, sack of, or ceron
(1589) 465, 467; found in Guiana,
X. 427, 458, XI. 14.

Pera, Christian quarter at Constan-
tinople, V. 324, VI. 98 ; pepper
market at, 397.

Perak, in Guinea (1555) vi. 161;
French ship at (1577) 240; the
Tiger at, 242.

Perambolin, Turkish host in (1522)
V. 16.

* Perambulation of Kent ' (1570), by

William Lambarde, i. 312.
Peranjew, or Peranjeu, Captain

Lancaster at (1595) xi. 62.
Peraslave, distance from Dowbney

to, II. 420; town in Russia, 426;

from S. Nicholas Bay to, iii. 68.
Peravolok, see Perovolog.
Percevena, the, and the pilgrims, at

Rovigno (1553) V. 77.
Percy, Lord Henry de, heirs of, 11.

106.
Percy, Lord Henry, ninth Earl of

Northumberland, and the Armada

(1588) IV. 217, 225.
Perecow, and Perecow Grande, see

Perak.

* Peregrinationis Historia ' by Ptol-

emy, VII. 203.
Peregrine, the. Captain Fenner of,

at Maio (1594) xi. 46.
Pereira, Nuno Velio, prisoner of

Captain Grant (1594) vii. 122.
Peremene, or express travelling, in

Russia, III, 214.
Perera, Galeotto, account of China

by (c. 1578) VI. 295 ; prisoner in

China, vii. 195 ; king of Cathay

and, 201.
Peresites, see Perizzites.
Perez, Diego, of the 5. Antonio,

v. 66.
Pergosses, see Breams.
Periago or Indian canoe, x. 279.

Pericles, quotation from, x. 441.

Perico Harbour, near Panama, x.
i49> 153 ; safety of, 154.

Pericose, Indian boats, v. 483.

Perima lake, Manoa town on, xi.
II.

Perinen, French ship at (1577) vi.
240 ; English ships at, 243.

Peripatane Island, on the Coroman-
del coast, v. 398.

Perlas, Isla de, see Pearls, Isle of.

Perm, yew market in, 11. 387; con-
quered province of Russia, iii.
359 ; best wolverine found at, 365 ;
salt pits in, 368 ; conquest of, 388 ;
Giles Fletcher on people of, 402.

Permia, see Perm.

Pernambucke, see Pernambuco.

Pernambuco, vi. 403, vii. 19,
75 ; news from Portugal brought
to (1581) XI. 36; Arrecife,
lower town of, 46 ; its Span-
ish garrison (1597) 70; Captain
Lancaster at the siege of (1595)
47 ; description of, 51 ; latitude of,
75, 226; near Marafion, or
Amazon river, 241 ; or Villa de
Olinda, 249; Pedro Sarmiento asks
for help at, 272.

Pero Cam, Sierra de, mentioned in
Ruttier for Brazil, xi. 81.

Peroclave Castle, 11. 449.

Perota, a town of ventas or lodgings
near Jalapa (1568) ix. 362.

Perota or silver found in Paria, x.
207.

Perovolog, in Russia, 11. 454;
meaning of name, iii. 216; Eng-
lish merchant at, 245.

Perrie, Thomas, master of the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1582) xi. 172.

Perrin, William, gunner, iii. 245.

Perruse, Robert de. Judge Ordinary,
Grand Master of Rhodes' ambas-
sador to Solyman, v. 49, 51;
letter-bearer to Solyman (1522)

54-
Persia, markets m, i. 242 ; rivers of,

261 ; south of the Caspian Sea,
270; products of, brought to Bok-
hara, II. 473 ; and English trade,
III. 7; Muscovy Company's first
voyage to (1561) 9-38; second
voyage to (1563) 40-44; third voy-

350

INDEX

age to (1565) 44-53; fourth, 136-
142; fifth, 150-157; sixth, 212-247;
Anthony Jenkinson's first voyage
to (1562) 18; description of, 35;
products of, 53, 139; privi-
leges granted to English mer-
chants in (1567) 64; trade in arms
in, 67; trade started by the Mus-
covy Company in, 86, 88; English
trade in, 109-117, 145, 401; Arthur
Edwards in, 136 ; privileges granted
to Muscovy Company in (1568)
144; wares of, brought to England,
147; inferior in power to Turkey,
160; severity of law, 161; Lent
in, 162; troubles in, 217, 234, 235;
war between Constantinople and
{1177) IV. 316; products of, 410;
seragni and tutia found in, vi. 25 ;
opopponax, etc., in, 26; Gal-
banum in, 27; retinue of the Beg-
lerbeg of, 67; grass silk found in,
VIII. 353; climate of, 384; gulf of,
III. 161, V. 371, VII. 176,
VIII. 128; Thome's map of,
II. 170; Ralph Fitch in the (1583)
V. 468.

Persian language in Bokhara, 11.
470; trade in Syria, 478; products,
"I. 53.

Persians, Alii, son-in-law of Maho-
met, prophet of the, v. 364 ; re-
ligion of the VI. Ill, 112.

Persicus Sinus, see Persian Gulf.

Pert, Sir Thomas, voyage of, and
Sebastian Cabot to Brazil, etc.
(1516) X. 2-6; and the North-west
passage (15 17) xii. 20.

Pertinax, ^lius, parentage of, viii.
469.

Peru, heat of, compared to heat of
Paris, VII. 258; discovery of, 464;
conquest by Francisco Pizarro,
VIII. 95, 124, XI. 279; in Southern
America, latitude of, viii. 450;
Spanish traffic from Mexico to
(1570) IX. 365; New Spain cloth
sold in (1572) 390; savages or
natives of (1581) x. 38; small-
pox and plague in (1590) 171 ;
New Spain and, distress of, and
the King of Spain's want of
money (1590) 173; silver mines in
(1590) 177; the Orinoco river in,

408 ; mountains of, Amazon river's
source in, xi. 16; distance from
Santos to, 38; passage overland
from Cartagena to, 236; conquest
of, by Gonzalo Pizarro, 241 ;
Don Fernando de Gusman, king
of, 245; description of, 281; con-
quered by Spain, xii. 20; produce
of the mines of, brought to
Nombre de Dios, 52 ; viceroy
of, and John Oxenham and his
sailors (1575) x. 80, xi. 232; and
Captain John Drake (1583) 95.

Perularia, treasure from Peru kept
in Sevile, x. 3.

Peruleros, or merchants of Peru in
the Rio de Janeiro (1596) xi. 41.

Pery, John, distress of, at Port De-
sire (1592) XI. 399.

Pery Pasha at the siege of Rhodes
(1522) V. 23.

Pescadores (off African coast), lati-
tude of. Sir x'^nthony Sherley ill
at (1596) X. 267.

Pescadores, Los, port on the coast of
Peru, Sir Francis Drake at, xi.
261.

Pescadores, Os Baixos dos. Captain
Gualle at (1584) ix. 333.^

Pesce columbini, description of, v.
92.

Pesmarck Harbour, the Grace in
(1594) VIII. 165.

Pesmes, Gerard, his voyage to Syria
(1240) IV. 352.

Pet, Arthur, pilot, i. xl. ; mariner on
the Edward Bonaventure (1553) ii.
214; of Ratcliffe, master of the
George, iii. 251; admiral, 253; his
behaviour towards foreign nations,
255 ; advice to, by William
Borough, 259-262 ; by Dee, 262-
263 ; by Richard Hakluyt, 264-
275; discoveries made by (1580)
282-303 ; North-east voyage by, xii.

Pet, Peter, and the repairing of the
Minion (1561) vi. 255, (1564) 262.

Petance, near Burgos, vi. 491.

Petatlan, companions of Friar Marco
de Ni^a at, ix. 125, 126; Indians
of, 120.

Petchingo Abbey, see Pechingo.

Peter IV., King of Aragon, iv. 368;

35 1

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

discovery of Madeira by Macham
in the time of (1344) vi. 119.
Peter, fifteenth bishop of Holen, in

Iceland (1392) iv. 56, 155.
Peter, Indian interpreter of Antonio

de Espejo (1582) ix. 191.
Peter, of John Chidley's voyage, re-
turn of (1590) XI. 384, 2^89.
Peter, prince of Moldavia, and

Henry Austell (1585) v. 325, 328.
Peter des Roches, bishop of Win-
chester, his voyage to Jerusalem
(1231) IV. 351.

Peter, Friar, of Lisbon, on the king-
dom of Pegu (1587) VI. 385.

Peter Gregorowich, and Benet But-
ler, III. 119.

Peter, Sir William, and the Russian
ambassador, 11. 357, 359.

Peter, the, of Cley, 11. 65.

Peter, the, of Wiveton, 11. 66.

Peter, the, of Bristol, crew of (1584)
V. 281.

Peterson, John, of the Elizabeth
Stokes (1584) V. 282.

Petiguar, negro from, and Feliciano
Cieza (1597) xi. 66; fight of
Feliciano Cieza. with cannibals of,
allied to Frenchmen (1597) 67, 68.

Petit Jahn, i. 47.

Petition by certain of the company of
the Delight to Robert Burnet,
master (1589) xi. 385-389.

Petman, Nicholas, of Captain
Amadas's company (1584) viii.
310.

Petoney, Melchior, account by, of
Central Africa (1591) vii. 88.

Petowse, fishing at, 11. 453.

Petra Bezzuar, found in Tartary, vi.
27.

Petrimol, Antonio, ligier or ambas-
sador of the King of France (1564)
v. 121.

Petroe Soetoe, iii. 80, 81.

Pett, Sir Thomas, 11. 161.

Pette, Arthur, master of the Jesus,
II. 408.

Pette, Thomas, sales by, iii. 42.

Pettislego, see Pitsligo.

Petuin, Captain, at the burning of
Borsis (1589) VI. 513.

Petune, beef barrelled up at the river
Plate (c. 1580) VI. 410.

Petzora, see Pechora.

Peucer, Doctor Caspar, on Mount

Hecla, IV. 24, 115.
Pevensey, the lowie of, i. 47, 48.
Pevenshey, see Pevensey.
Pew, Captain Robert, land-captain

in Sir Francis Drake's fleet (1585)

X. 98.
Pezano, Aluigi, captain, made slave

at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.
Pharaoh, statue of his wife and

daughter near Thebes, v. 339.
Pharaoh, pyramid of King, John

Evesham's description of (1587) vi.

37; Laurence Aldersey's descrip-
tion of (1586) 45.
Pharia Tower in Pharos Island, v.

118.
Pharos, Richard Wrag at (1593) vi.

95-
Pharusii, wandering tribe of Africa,

VI. 167.
Phenix, the of Sir Francis Drake's

fleet (159s) X. 227, 232 ; at Cape

de la Vela, 233, 235 ; is separated

from the fleet, 236 ; return of, to

Plymouth (1596) 245.
Pheodocine, daughter of Irene,

Empress of Russia (1592) iii.

435-

Pheodor, see Feodor.

Phernambuc, see Pernambuco.

Phernambuck, see Pernambuco.

Phevens, Thomas, settler in Virginia
(1587) vni. 403.

Phibarie, George, mariner on the
Edward Bonaventure (1553) ii.
214.

Philip, Earl of Flanders, escorts
Queen Berengaria to Naples (1191)
IV. 325.

Philip II., King of France,
and Richard Coeur de Lion
(1177) IV. 319; oath between
Richard I. and (1190) 320;
at Genoa, 321; at Messina, 322;
disloyalty of (1191) 326; at Tyre
331; Acre surrenders to, and
Richard, 331 ; terms of surrender
of Acre, 332 ; division of the spoils
by, and Richard, 333; departure
o^' 334; John, brother of Richard
I., and, 335; letter of the Em-
peror Henry to (1193) 336.

352

INDEX

Philip II., King of Spain, and Ivan
Vasiliwich, ii. 278; and Queen
Mary and the merchants' charter

(1555) 304; Turks defeated at
Malta by (1566) iii. 53, 54; and
his wars against the Turks, 143 ;
his enmity against England (1588)
IV. 198; his strict orders to the
Armada, 211; and Baltazar Al-
meida de Sousa (1591) vi. 468;
letter from Feliciano Cieza de
Carvalsho to (1597) xi. 64-72; be-
comes King of Portugal, xii. 61.

Philip III., King of France, and
Prince Edward at Tunis (1270) iv.

359-
Philip, the, Spanish ship at Puerto

Rico (1595) X. 427.
Philip and Mary, the, (1555) ii, 286,

III. 332 ; return to England of

(1556) II. 351, (1557) 372, 379;
Stephen Borough and, 363 ; voy-
age to S. Nicholas of (1560) 401;
wares in, 408.

Philip of Spain, the, at Cadiz, iv.
244 ; loss of, 248.

Philippinas, see Philippines.

Philippine Islands, ix. 326; papal
bulls for, VII. 105 ; unwholesome
climate of, x. 166; trade in, 177;
Portuguese possession, 487; gover-
nor of, and Sir Francis Drake

(1579) XI. 118; discovered by Don
Luis de Velasco, 287; description
of, 329; departure of Thomas
Cavendish from (1588) 336; from
the, to Capul Island, 364 ; Thomas
Cavendish at, 370; death of
Magellan at, xii. 9; Drake at, 60.

Philippopolis on Stanuch, Henry

Austell at (1585) v. 323.
Philipps, Sir Thomas, Richard Hak-

luyt's MS. in possession of, xii.

32.
Philips, Miles, Sir John Hawkins'
voyage to the West Indies by
(1567-1582) IX. 398-445; under
Anthony Godard's leadership in
Panuco (1568) 412 ; condemned by
Inquisition, Mexico (1575) 428;
sent to the Black Friars as over-
seer to the Indian workmen (1575-
80) 430; apprentice to a weaver

(1580) 432; questioned by the

viceroy of Mexico about Francis-
Drake, 433 ; interpreter to Dr.
Robles (1580) 433; his escape from
Mexico, 435; return, 437; second
escape, 438 f. ; his imprisonment
in Vera Cruz, 436; his escape ta
Seville (1580) 443; his escape at S.
Mary Port, 444; his escape from
Majorca, 444; his return to
Poole, in England (1582) 445 ;
takes refuge in the Red Dragon
(1586) XI. 210.

Philips, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Philips, William, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Phillipinas, see Philippines.

Philly, David, master of the Anne
(.1537) n. 380.

Phllo the Jew, on America, vii. 161.

Philonides, on names of Cyprus, v.
124.

Philosophy, Chinese, vi. 362.

Philostratus, on elephants, vi. 166,
and India, vii. 180.

Philpe or Filpe, John, of the Sun-
shine (1586) VII. 409; shoots a
native of Merchants' Isle, 412.

Phllpot, Captain at the Groyne
(1589) VI. 488.

Phllpot, Richard, leader in Captain
Frobisher's absence (1577) vii.
219; ensign of Captain Frobisher
(1577) 285; in the third voyage of
Captain Frobisher (1578) 321 ; cap-
tain of the Bear, 322 ; in Captain
Frobisher's counsel, 348.

Phingola, wife of Godred, King of
Man, I. 32.

Phisition, see Physician.

Phcenicia, Tyre, metropolis of(ii3o)
IV. 308.

Phrygia, iii. 399.

Phrygius, Gemma, on Inland Africa,
yi. 167; on natural phenomena
in Africa, 170.

Phydias's statue of Jupiter, v. 119.

Physician of the Grand Signior, or
Hakim Pasha, pay of, vi. 63.

Piali Pasha and the siege of Chios
(1566) V. 123.

Piamacum, King of Pomovik, viii.
308; his wars with Wingina,.
King of Wingandacoa, 308.

353

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Piara river, x. 494.

Piche, Indian name of Tierra de
Brea, x. 349.

Pichet, John, master of the Matthew
Gonson (1535) v. 68.

Pick, John, distress of, at Port De-
sire (1592) XI. 399.

Pickman, William, death of, from a
poisoned arrow (1586) xi. 293.

Pico Deteithe, or peak of Teneriffe,
description of, vi. 129.

Pico Island, in the Azores, vii. 8;
George Fenner at (1587) vi. 280;
English prisoners at, vii. 9 ; ships
wrecked at (1596) 86; latitude of,
x. 334.

Picquemians, Jacques Cartier and
the (1536) viii. 253.

Pideville of Bayonne, sea captain,
II. 104.

Pie, John, on the Content, non-
combatant (1596) X. 183.

Piedmont, Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.

195-

Piedras hijadas, green stones found
in the Amazons' country, x. 367.

Piemont, see Piedmont.

Pienega river, tributary of the
Dvina, iii. 406.

Pierce, Jane, settler in Virginia
(1587) vin. 403.

Piescoia river, iii. 406.

Piew, Robert, captain, killed at
Peniche (1589) vi. 496.

Pieza, river, iii. 406.

Pigafeta, Marc Antonio, on Richard
Hakluyt, i. Ixii.

Pigeon, captain of the Earl of Cum-
berland's voyage, vii. i.

Pike, the, see Peak.

Pike, measure of Babylon and Alep-
po, VI. 10; of Bussorah, 11.

Pike, Isle of, the Richard of Arun-
del in sight of (1589) vi. 456.

Pikeron, John, of Lynn, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 70.

Pilate's hall, in Jerusalem, Laurence
Aldersey on (1581) v. 210.

Pilatro, found in Barbary, vi. 27,

Pilgrim, the, at the fight of Flores
Island (1591) VII. 44; Spanish
ship from India, boarded by, 49.

Pilgrims, to Jerusalem (1553) v. 77;
to Mecca, 329-365.

Pilgrimson, Everade, and the Eng-
lish ships, II. 61.

Pillar, Pompey's, outside Alexan-
dria, VI. 36; Laurence Aldersey's
description, 43.

Pillar, Pompey's, near the Bosphor-
us, Richard Wrag's description,
VI. 106.

Pillar of stone, erected in Florida by
Captain Ribault (1562) viii. 457,
464, IX. 7.

Pillory board for thieves in China,
VI. 309.

Pilot, Grand, of Spain, Sebastian
Cabot, VII. 147; of England (1549)
156; Portuguese, of Sir Francis
Drake set ashore at Aguatulco
(1578) IX. 320; Flemish, to S.J
Thom6, taken by Sir Anthony Sher- I
ley (1596) X. 267; of Sir Walter
Raleigh, old Indian Ciawani
captured and employed as (1595)
381, 389; Portuguese, landed at S.
Mary Port (1579) xi. 117.

Pilots through the desert, v. 341 ;
Portuguese. in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet (1596) x. 245; re-
gulations for Spanish, xi. 442 ;
examinations of Spanish (1586)1
448-453. 453-458; election of Span- 1
ish (1585) 455; wages of, 456.

Pimentelli, Diego, colonel of the
Armada land forces (1588) iv. 202 ; J
carried prisoner by Peter Bander- j
duess to Zeeland, 227, 231.

Pina, Ferdinand de, secretary of the
Portuguese embassy to England
(1481) VI. 123.

Pinas Island, Sir John Hawkins at
(1565) X. 45.

Pine-apples, a product of Dominica,
IX. 3.

Pinego, river, 11. 418.

Pinesse, see Pinnace.

Pine trees, in Teneriffe, vi. 130; on
Atoyaque Mountains, ix. 469.

Pini, Puerto, mentioned in second
Ruttier, x. 327.

Pinnace, lost in naval fight (1557)
VI. 323 ; building of a, in the
North Sea (1578) vii. 354; Cap-
tain Best embarks in the, 358 ;
finds the miners and Captain
Yorke,36o; of Sir Anthony Sherley

354

INDEX

{i596)x.266; of Sir Walter Raleigh,
for his third voyage to Guiana
(1596) XI. I ; built at Mogador
Island by Sir Francis Drake (1577)
102, 149; built on S. Sebastian
Island by Thomas Cavendish
(1586) 295:

Pinnace, The Black, engraving of,
XI. 400.

Pinos Island, near Cuba, viii. 411;
Sir Amyas de Preston at (1595) x.
225; Sir Thomas Baskerville at
(1596) 242 ; Don Bernaldino Del-
gadillo meets the English jfleet at,
250, 255 ; truth about the fight be-
tween the English and Spanish
ships at (1596) 255, 261 ; marks of,
described by the Ruttier, 286; in
second Ruttier, 315; sea currents
near, 293 ; latitude, 333 ; longitude
from, to Cape Corrientes, 336.

Pinotespan, ' Mansion of,' subject
to Tututepec, ix. 470.

Pinotespan del Rey town. Salt Lake
in, IX. 470.

Pins, trade in, in Guinea (1577) vi.
252.

Pintados, or painted Indians, men-
tioned in Friar Marco de Nina's
book, IX. 119; and Friar Marco
de Niga (1539) 130; mines of gold
and silver in the country of, 142.

Pinteado, Anthony Anes, captain in
an English fleet (1553) vi. 145;
and Captain Windam, 148, 150;
and the King of Benin, 149; death
of, 151; letters patent of knight-
hood (1551) 152; letter of Don
Luis, Infant of Portugal, to, 153.

Pinto, John, Portuguese dweller on
the river Plate (1582) xi. 184; em-
ployed as interpreter, 196, 198.

Pinzon, Vincent, emeralds in Iwari-
poco found by, x. 491.

Pio town, frontier town against the
Mexicans, in charge of Graviel de
Chiavez, ix. 468.

Piqueno Harbour, in India, v. 410;
Caesar Frederick in (c. 1583) 412 ;
Portuguese possession, 482.

Piquiri town, mentioned in Ruttier,
XI. 100.

Piracy in Chinese waters, vii. 195;
in Orkney (1577) 213.

Piraos, nation of the Macuria, x. 492.

Pirates, see Corsairs.

Piru, see Peru.

Pisa, Friar Odoric's vision at (1331)
IV. 443.

Pisca Bay, Thomas Cavendish at
(1587) XI. 310, 368; latitude of,
310, 349 ; anchorage at, 372 ; town,
latitude of, xi. 359.

Pistachio, found in Doria, vi. 27.

Pistolet, coin in Algiers (1584) v.
271.

Pitch, spring of, near Shemakha, iii.
166 ; product of Cyprus, v. 125 ;
thrown out in the air, near Heit,
370, 467 ; springs of, at Heit, vi.
8; found in Zanzibar (1592) 394;
found in the Western Planting,
VIII. 116; in Newfoundland, 117;
in Eastern America, 139 ; in Vir-
ginia (1586) 354; in Tierra de
Brea, x. 350; found in Guiana,
XI. 14.

Pitcher, Robert, of the Desire,
killed by Indians (1587) xi. 306.

Pithaias, fruit of S. Cruz, ix. 226.

Pitsligo, wreck of the Edward Bona-

. venture in the bay of (1556) 11.
352, 379.

Pitt, William, of the Hugh Gallant,
killed by Indians (1587) xi. 306.

Pius, on the ocean sea, vii. 199.

Pius v., Pope, and the Friars of the
S. Antony Monastery, xi. 71 ; and
Queen Elizabeth's enemies, xii.

Pizarro, Francisco, and the conquest
of Peru, VIII. 95, no, 124, x. 340,
356, XI. 279; and the gold and
silver of Atabalipa, x. 357; slain
by the son of Diego de Almagro,
2S4.

Pizarro, Gonsalo, Orellana's attempt
to discover Guiana by orders of
(1542) X. 358; and the conquest of
Peru, XI. 241 ; rebellion and
death of, xi. 284.

Placencia, in Spain, bishop of, and
the Strait of Magellan, xi. 258.

Placencia Isle, in Brazil, Thomas
Cavendish at (1591) xi. 389; the
Desire at, 412 ; thirteen men of
the Desire killed at, by Indians
and Portuguese (1593) 414.

355

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Placentia, near Burburata, Sir John
Hawkins at (1568) ix. 448.

Placentia Bay, near Cape Race, viii.
63; Sir Humphrey Gilbert's fleet
at (1583) 92 ; in Newfoundland,
163; the Grace at (1594) 165;
Charles Leigh at (1597) 166.

Plaen, Henry, Earl of, twenty-
fourth master of the Dutch
knights (1410) II. 8.

Plague, in Novgorod (1566) iii. 80;
in Russia (1572) 171, 174; and
small pox in Potosi and De la Paz
(1590) X. 171.

Plaias, Cape de las, discovered by
Captain Ulloa (1539) ix. 212.

Plancius, Peter, map of the world
by, engraving of, ix. 474.

Piano Carpini, John de, i. Iii., 11.
187; his voyage in Tartary, i. 55-
179 ; ambassador to the Khan
(1246) 94, 134, 158; received by
Bathy, 163 f. ; food during Lent
in Tartary, 165 ; Kaiuk and, 168 ;
received by Kaiuk, 173 ; suffer-
ings of, 176; leaves Tartary,
177 f. ; returns to Rome, 178 f. ;
and Wasilico, 179; at Bathy's
court, 273; writings, iii. 281;
travels of, xii. 12.

Planta, first fruit of the sugar cane,
VI. 128.

Planta Solis, found in Virginia
(1586) VIII. 361.

Plantain, in Canary Islands, vi,
128; description of, by Job Har-
top (1568) IX. 447.

Plantan, see Plantain.

Planting, Western, report of, by Sir
George Peckham (1583) viii. 89-
131; two ways of colonizing, 98,
100; two societies for the, 113;
hunting in, 114; usefulness of
rivers in, 117; ' Discourse on the,'
bv Richard Hakluyt (1584) xii. 32,
82.

Plat, Captain Anthony, land cap-
tain in Sir Francis Drake's fleet
(1585) X. 98; death of (1596) 239.

Plata, Cabos del, marks of, described
in the Ruttier, x. 281.

Plata, El Puerto de, harbour, men-
tioned in second Ruttier, x. 328.

Plate, River, discovered by Cabot

(1526) II. 166; the Edward Cot-
ton's trade on the (1583) vi. 409;
products of, 410; Sebastian
Cabot's account of the (1497) vii.
149; Lopez Vaz at (1586) x. 75;
trade between Rio de Janeiro
and (1596) XI. 39; Ruttier for, 73,
86; Sebastian Cabot's discovery
of (1526) 91 ; Captain John Drake
in (1583) 94; Sir Francis Drake in
(1578) 107; Nuno da Silva, Sir
Francis Drake's pilot to (1578)
134 ; latitude of the mouth of, 153 ;
Edward Fenton bound for (1582)
188; S. F^ on (1587) 208; towns
on, 208, 210; description of, 252;
latitude of, 354; John Chidley at
(1590) 383; English ships on the,
XII. 102.

Plato, on West Indies, i. xii. ; on
Atlantis, vii. 160 ; * Commentaries
on,' by Philo the Jew, 161, 189;
on the Atlantic, 162 ; on the Ocean
Sea, 199; America known to, as
Atlantis, xii. 26.

Playa or Praya, landing of Christo-
pher Carleill with soldiers at (1585)
X. 103 ; burnt by Sir Francis
Drake (1585) 108.

Pleasure, the, ship from S. Malo
captured by (1591) viii. 155.

Plesance, in Newfoundland, viii. 14.

Plesco, in Russia, 11. 188, 194, in.
370 ; hide markets in, 11. 225 ;
honey and wax market at, 262 ;
flax market at, 296 ; or Plescove,
English trade in, iii. 95, 109; Eng-
lish money coined in, 116; Rus-
sian wares on the market, 207;
English trade free in (1586) 349.

Plesko, province of Russia, in. 358.

Plettebergius, grand master of the
Dutch knights, and Ivan Vasili-
wich, II. 189.

Plimmouth, see Plymouth.

Plimouth, see Plymouth.

Plinie, see Pliny.

Plinius, see Pliny.

Pliny, I. xix., vii. 137; account of
Hanno's sailing round Africa, i.
xli. ; on earthquakes, iv. 17, 107;
second book of his ' Natural His-
tory,' 21, 112; on lire and water,
22, 26,113, 118; on fountains, 36,

356

INDEX

130; on subterranean rivers, 36,
131; on petrifying rivers, 37, 132;
on a wine fountain, 38, 133 ; on the
smell of water, 39, 135 ; on dyeing
rivers, 43, 140; on the geography
of Cyprus, v. 125 ; on the ele-
phant, VI. 165 ; ' Natural History '
by, 166; on Africa, 169; on stars
and planets, 171 ; and the Indians
from America, 172, 173, 178;
on the Ocean Sea, 199 ; ' Natural
History ' by , description of a tree
bearing oysters in, x. 350.

Ploket, Thomas, of Lynn, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 69.

Ploughing in China, vi. 299; in
Virginia (1586) viii. 361.

Plumer, John, of Colchester, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 62.

Plummer, Thomas, carpenter on the
Matthew Gonson (c. 1535) v. 69.

Plumtree, Lionel, account of the
fifth voyage to Persia, iii. 150-
157; voyage to Cathay, 153;
Sultan Erasbec and, 154; and the
Cossacks (1573) 155; at Moscow,

157-
Plymouth, 11. 20, 64; ships from, in
Edward HL's fleet, i. 297; dam-
ages paid by, 11. 104; English
ships at, to meet the Armada
(1588) IV. 208, 211; Don Pedro
de Valdez prisoner at, 214; ren-
dezvous of the English fleet
(1596) 236, 240; Roger Boden-
ham at (1551) v. 72; the
Jesus driven to (1583) 293; the
Lion of London at (1552) vi. 140 ;
William Towerson at (1557) 212,
231 ; Sir John Hawkins' departure
from (1564) 263; George Fenner's
departure from (1566) 266; depar-
ture of the English fleet from, for
East Indies (1591) 387; de-
parture of Sir Walter Raleigh's
ships from (1586) 434; their re-
turn to, 437; English fleet leaves
(1587) 439; returns, 443; the
Richard of Arundel at (1588), 450,
{1589)456,(1590) 461; General Nor-
ris returns to (1589) 515 ; departure
of fleet of the Earl of Cumberland
from (1589) VII. I ; Earl of Cum-
berland's fleet leaves (1594) 118;

Captain Frobisher at (1578) 231;
port of, free to Adrian Gilbert
(1583) 377; return oihdir (\ue Raleigh
(1583) VIII. 47; departure of Sir
H. Gilbert's fleet, 81 ; Sir Richard
Grenville at (1585) 317; John
White at (1587) 387; departure
from (1590) 406; return to,
422 ; departure of Captain John
Hawkins' fleet from (1567) ix.
398, 445; Sir John Hawkins'
brother, governor of (1580) 433;
departure of Sir John Hawkins
for the second voyage to Guinea
and the West Indies from (1564)
X. 9; third voyage, 64; Andrew
Barker's departure from, 83 ; Sir
Francis Drake's fleet at (1585) 97;
the Dog returned to (1589) 97;
departure of Captain Raimond
from (1591) 194; Sir Robert
Dudley at (1594) 204; Sir Francis
Drake and Sir John Hawkins
leave (1595) 226; return of the
fleet of Sir Francis Drake to (1596)
245 ; Earl of Essex and Sir An-
thony Sherley at (1596) 266; Cap-
tain Parker's departure from
(1596) 277; Captain Parker re-
turns to, 280; Sir Walter
Raleigh's return to (1597) xi. 15;
Sir Francis Drake at (1577) 102 ;
John Winter's ships at (1577) 148;
Luke Warde at, 201 ; Withring-
ton's departure from (1586) 203;
Thomas Cavendish's departure
from (1586) 290; Thomas Caven-
dish's return to (1588) 347, 371;
John Chidley's departure from
(1589) 381 ; Thomas Cavendish's
departure from (1591) 389, 397;
Hoe, the, two soldiers executed at
(1596) IV. 237.

Poala, Friars Francis Lopez and
Augustin Ruys murdered in (1582)
IX. 195.

Pode, see Pud.

Podezemsky, an English house
allowed the Muscovy Company at
(1586) III. 352.

Poganna Volocki, S. Nicholas to,
III. 69.

Pogorel, Sloboda to, iii. 70.

Pogorella, Theodore, Russian am-

357

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

bassador to England (1567) iii. 98;
and Queen Elizabeth's letters,

lOI.

Pogosa, ni. 409.

Poiassa, mountain in Russia, iii.

Poictou, see Poitou.

Pointed Cape, the, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1534) vin. 190.

Pointer, Richard, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11, 307.

Pois, Forforeine, weight in Alex-
andria (1584) V. 272 ; Gerrin,
weight in Alexandria (1584) 273.

Poisons made by the Indians of
Cumana (1565) x. 28; Indian,
Tupara root useful against, 397.

Poitou, battle of Poitiers in, Mat-
thew Gourney at, iv. 444.

Pol, son of Boke, viscount of Skye,
I. 35 f.

Pola, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

Polambo, town in Java Major, xi.
370.

Poland, I. 77, 89, 256; Ordu and,
74; John de Piano Carpini and,
94, n. 386; Tartars and, i. 153;
John de Piano Carpini through,
^59' 179 f league between the
Dutch knights and, 11. 3, 11; war
between the Dutch knights and,
9; history of, by Herbortus Ful-
stinius, 186; war with Russia,
188, 438; cloth made in, 383 ; Eng-
lish wares in, in. 13; letter of
Sigismund, King of, to Queen
Elizabeth, 99-100; conquests of,
from Russia, 359 ; William Har-
borne in (1578) v. 168; Acmet
Chaus, Turkish ambassador to
(1578) 168; chancellor of, and Wil-
liam Harborne (1588) vi. 58;
kingdom of, peace with Turkey
(1590) 69.

Pole, Antarctic, 11. 163.

Pole, North, i. 6; only way to un-
discovered lands, II, 161 ; naviga-
tion under the, 162, 176; Sebas-
tian Cabot's voyage to the (1497)
VII. 152 ; difficulties of navigation
near the, 175; sun's heat at the,
177 ; Robert Thome's advice about
discovery (c. 1527) viii. i ; the

canon of S. Paul's, and the expedi-
tion to the (1527) 2.

Polecats in Florida, x. 59.

Poledenga, silver Russian coin, 11.

273-
Polerwan, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 298.
Poles, II. 7; Tartars and, i. 161;

Russian conquests over, 11. 423 ;

or Polacks, etvmology of, iii.

389.
Poles, small Russian copper coin,

II. 273.
Poles, temperate climate at the, vii.

271
Polisacus fluvius, vii. 179.
Polison, Michael, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.
Poll, or head money. Englishmen in

Turkey free from (1580) v. 187.
Pollard, Thomas, mate of the Jesus,

cruelty to sailors of Sir John

Hawkins (1568) ix. 409.
Polo, Andrea de, and Caesar Fred-
erick (c. 1563) V. 445, 446.
Polo, Marco, the Venetian (1254-

1324), on spelling of Cathay, i.

144; accounts of the travels of^

XII. 12.
Polonia, see Poland.
Polonians, see Poles.
Polooy Carawool, 120 versts, iii. 120.
Polotzko taken by Russia (1563-

1579) HI. 100.
Polskoy, wing of Russian army, iii.

380, 383.
Polumbrum, city of, in Malabar, iv.

413 ; burning of the dead in, 419.
Polydore, ' English History ' by, v.

125-

Pomary, Steven, in Virginia (i585y
VIII. 317.

Pomeiock, Pomeiok, city, on the
Occam in Virginia, viii. 306; Sir
Richard Grenville at (1585) 316;
John White and, 394.

Pomer, see Pomerania.

Pomeraies, Pommeraze, see Pomer-
ania.

Pomerania, Suandepolcus, Duke of,
against Christians, 11. 4; William
Harborne through (1588) vi. 58;
ship of, captured by the English,
VII. 2 ; Charles of, in the Great

358

INDEX

Hermina (1535) viii. 210; goes up

the Hochelaga river, 230.
Pomerella, in Prussia, 11. 10.
Pomeren, Henry van, and the Eng-
lish ship, II. 60.
Pommerolles, Gabriel de, lieutenant

of the Grand Master of Rhodes

(1522) V. 7; death of, 28.
Porno, II, near the coast of Dal-

matia, v. 78.
Pomovik, country adjoining Seco-

tan, VIII. 30S.
Pompey's Pillar, see Pillar.
Pompions, see Gourds.
Pomponius Mela, on the Ocean Sea,

VII. 199.
Ponchiassini, captain of a town and

treasurer of the King, in China,

VI. 296, 301.
Pongo, El, see EI Pongo.
Ponta Malota, Cape, John Locke at

(1553) V. 85.
Pontanus, on earthquakes, iv. 17,

107; on Balan Baths, 35, 130.
Pont Briand, Claude de, in the Great

Hermina (1535) viii. 210; goes

up the Hochelaga river, 230.
Ponte, Nicholas de, duke of Venice,

funeral of (1585) v. 322.
Ponte, Nicolas de, son of Peter de

Ponte, and Sir John Hawkins

(1564) X. 12.
Ponte, Peter de, governor of Tene-

riffe (1564) X. II.
Ponte grande, near Constantinople,

V. 251.
Ponte piccola, near Constantinople,

V. 251.
Ponte Vedra, near Vigo, Sir John

Hawkins at (1568) x. 74.
Ponticus on the deeds of Empress

Helena, iv. 272.
Pontus Euxinus, see Black Sea.
Pood, see Pud.

Poole, Dorset, ships from, in Ed-
ward HI.'s fleet, I. 298; return

of Miles Philips to (1582) ix.
^445-
Pooley, Sir William, knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.
Pooneno, Lord of Chawanook, viii.

306; ally of Menatonon and

Wingandacoa, 306.
Poor, conditions of the, in Russia,

II. 235, 448; their indifference to
liberty, 264.

Poor John, dried fish from New-
land, captured in a ship by Chris-
topher Carleill (1585) x. 100.

Poore, Leonard, of London, John
Newbery's letters to (1583) v. 453,
455. 458; Ralph Fitch's letter to,

^463-

Poore, Richard, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Popayan, x. 408; government of, in
Peru, 174; Orinoco river navi-
gable to, 395; description of, xi.
236; Oxenham and his men taken
at, 286.

Pope, Richard, master's mate of the
Sunshine of London (1585) vii.
382, 408.

Pope, Thomas, patent granted to
(1592) VII. 102.

Poperinghe, town, 11. 121.

Popham, Captain, and the discovery
of Guiana (1595) x. 206; arrival
of, in Trinidad, and Sir Robert
Dudley (i5q5) 209; letters taken
at sea by (1594) 432, 433.

Popham, Sir Francis, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.

Popham, Stephen, distress of, at
Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Popiliniere's ' L'Admiral de France,'
I. xix.

Popinjays, see Parrots.

Poplar at Black wall, xi. 44; resi-
dence of Sir Thomas Pert, vice-
admiral of England, x. 3.

Popocatepetl, ix. 363 ; mentioned in
the Ruttier, x. 297, 316.

Popou. Protou, Emperor of Russia's
envoy to Sir Jerome Bowes (1583)
III. 464.

Population of Russia, in. 360; of
Canary Island, vi. 127; of Tene-
riffe, 131,

Porcelain, in China, vi. 356, ix.
392; used in Hispaniola, x. 116.

Porcellan, see Porcelain.

Porirna, Cacique, Pedro de Limpias
slain by, x. 497.

Porland, Zichmni, Prince of (1380)
VII. 448.

Porpoises, caught by the Golden
Hind (1583) VIII. 65; near Cape

359

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Breton, i6o; in Hochelaga river,
245.

Porshet, Arthur Pet at (1580) iii.
303.

Porta Eburnea, see Jerusalem.

Porta Ferrea, see Derbent.

Porter, Edward, in the expedition of
Sir Walter Raleigh up the Capuri
river (1595) x. 379; discovery of
the Sayma by, 396; on the Cara-
roopana river with Sir Walter
Raleigh (1595) 417. .

Porter, Giles and Edmund, their
voyage to Jerusalem (1583) v.
455.

Porter, Nicholas, advises Robert
Withrington (1587) xi. 211.

Porters, of Muscovy Company not
allowed to sell wares, iii. 96; of
English merchants, 443 ; head, or
Capagi Pashas of the Grand Sig-
nior, pay of, vi. 62 ; of the court
and city, pay of, 63.

Portes, John, ' Life of Octavius,'
translated into French by, iv.
276.

Portete, mentioned in the Ruttier, x.
287.

Port Famine, see Nombre de Jesus.

Portingall, see Portugal.

Portland, English fleet and the
Armada at (1588) iv. 216; to
Calais, the Spanish Armada beaten
from (1588) VII. 39; departure of
Laurence Keymis for Guiana from
(1596) X. 452; Laurence Keymis
returns to (1596) 495.

Porto, see Oporto.

Porto Bello, see Puerto Bello.

Porto d'Ally, near Palmerin, pro-
ducts of, VII. 90; French traders
in, 91; Thomas Dassel in (1591)
92; Amar Meleck, king of, 94;
the Nightingale at, 96; trade in,
98.

Port of Spain, Trinidad, x. 349; Sir
Walter Raleigh at (1595) 349' 35o;
fortified by the Spanish (1596) 462,
479 ; Antonio de Berreo, governor
of (1595) X. 351.

Porto Grande, or Tipperah, and the
King of Arakan, v. 483 ; Ralph
Fitch near (c. 1583) 485.

Porto Gruaro, iv. 444.

Porto Piqueno, Portuguese posses-
sion, v. 482,

Porto Santo Island, near Madeira,
VI. 135 ; Portuguese possession,
description and latitude, 177;
William Towerson at (1556) 212;
George Fenner at (1566) 266;
Thomas Stevens at (1579) 378.

Port Real, naval fight off (1587) vi.
439.

Port-Royal, in Florida, discovered by
Captain Ribault (1562) viii. 461;
fort built in, 471.

Port-Royal, river in Florida, viii.
472, IX. 113.

Porto Seguro, Ruttier for, xi. 79;
description of, 250; Thomas Cav-
endish at (1587) 324, 326.

Ports, of Alexandria, v. 330; old
and new, 331; West Indian, ac-
count of the, by Baptista Antonio
(1587) x. 135-156. . ^^ ^

Portsmouth, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 297; the Three Half
Moons at (1563) v. 153; William
Wickney of (1577) 157; the Jesus
leaves (1583) 293; the Lion at
(1552) VI. 137; the Primrose and
the Lion leave (1553) 145; Captain
Downton's return to (1594) vii,
123 ; the Toby at (1593) 124; Ralph
Lane's return to (1586) viii. 345;
departure of John White's fleet
from (1587) 386; flagship of John
White's fleet at (1587) 401; Job
Hortop brought to, by the Galleon
Dudley (1590) ix. 464.

Portuens, Robert of, cardinal, wit-
ness of Edward I.'s great charter,
I. 296.
Portugal and Edward I.'s great
charter, 1. 333 ; products of, 11. 117 f.
discovery of East Indies by, loi
172 f. ; contention with Spain, 173
180; discovery of Brazil by, 175
language of, necessary for Eng
lish merchants in Russia, iii. 52
trade of, in the East Indies (1568)
147; and the spice trade, 161
Anthony Jenkinson in, 195 ; and
the Armada (1588) iv. 199; em-
bassy from, to England (1462)
369; captain of, in Ormuz (1563)
v. 372, 468; viceroy of, at Goa,

360

INDEX

373> 386; trade in Martaban, 416,
417; trade in India, 444; mon-
soons for ships from, to the Indies,
VI. 33 ; and the negroes (c. 1556)
200 ; and English merchants,
ships of, in Guinea (1557) 218,
220, 229 ; their fight with the Eng-
lish and French, 221; Colonel
Anthony Wingfield's discourse on
the expedition against, 470-527;
public feeling in, about Don An-
tonio (1589) 505; conquests of,
VIII. 126; Captain Carleill's trade
with (1583) 137; news from,
brought to Pernambuco, xi. 36 ;
Bay of,flyboat lost in the, by Simon
Ferdlnando (1587) viii. 387; John
III., King of, discoveries under,
II. 164; Prince of, Don Chris-
topher, and the Cadiz expedition
(1596) IV. 236, 260; John I., King
of, and the English merchants,
367, 368; and the conquest of
Ceuta (1415) VI. 121; King of,
first husband of Carlotta, daughter
of John, King of Cj^prus, v. 125 ;
Emmanuel, King of, and the duty
on horses, vi. 15; John II., King
of, and King Edward IV. of Eng-
land (1481) 123; Don Sebas-
tian, King of, and Thomas Stuke-
ley (c. 1578) 294; King of, and
the north-west passage, vii. 180 ;
discoveries of the Kings of, xii.
3, 15; Philip II., King of Spain,
becomes King of, 61.
Portuguese, treacherous dealings of,
with English (1591) vi. 277, 392,
(1588) VII. 91-97; fight between the
English and the, vi. 278; on
China, 295; in Pegu (1587) 386;
use of mines forbidden to (1581)

XI. 38; Captain Lancaster's
opinion of (1595) 55 ; fight of the,
with Captain Lancaster (1595) 56;
treachery of, against Sir Francis
Drake (1579) 162; Edward Fen-
ton's traffic with the (1582) 175;
fight of, with Robert Withrington
(1587)219; early conquests of the,

XII. 15.
Portuguese trade, 11. 169; fishing

in Newfoundland (1578) viii. 11;
Caravels, fight of Sir John

XII

Hawkins with, at Rio Grande
(1568) IX. 448; fishing place at
Cape Blanco (1564) x. 14.

Porus, King, and Alexander the
Great; iv. 412.

Porva, Juan de, Canavates, letter
from, to John Lopez Canavate
(1590) x. 163.

Pory, John (1570-1635), Richard
Hakluyt's friend and pupil, i.
Ixxx.

Posna, in Poland, 11. 10.

Possidonius on the volcanoes of Ice-
land, IV. 17, 107.

Postesora, walrus hunters in, 11. 225.

Post horses, English merchants in
Russia granted the use of (1569)

III. 116; Anthony Jenkinson
travelling with, 179; in Cathay,

IV. 433 ; in China, vi. 297.
Potaju, Captain Lancaster at (1595)

XI. 63.

Potanca, King of, prisoner in Al-
giers (1586) VI. 45.

Potanou, King, vassal of King Sat-
ourioua (1564) ix. 21 ; King Utina's
war with (1564) 34, (1565) 56 f . ;
his reprisals on Utina's village,
64; subjects of, killed by the
Spaniards, 112, 115; cacique in
Florida, 113.

Potassi, neighbour to King Potanou,
IX. 115.

Potatoes in Cumana, description of
(1565) X. 27.

Potguns, used at the siege of
Rhodes (1522) v. 19.

Potis, Rio de, English and French
merchants at (1562) vi. 259.

Potkin, Henry, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Potofarnia, port of Tunis (1553) vi.

H3-
Potos, Rio de los, in Guinea, vi.

161; ivory in (1577) 239.
Potosi, in Peru, John Chilton at

(1570) IX. 369; Friar Alonso in

(1589) X. 168; mines of, 170;

famine and plague in (1590) 171 ;

and the haven of Buenos Aires on

the river Plate, 172 ; engraving of

mines of, 172.
Pots, tin, trade in, in Guinea (1577)

VI. 252.

361 2 A

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Potter, John, mariner on the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1553) ii. 214.

Pound, Wiliam, of Hull, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 61.

Poure. Henry, Captain, at the burn-
ing- of Borsis (1589) VI. 513.

Povensa, market for Novgorod
wares, iii. 77; on Lake Onega,
81 ; no communication in summer
between Some and, 82.

Powel, Anthony, sergeant-major of
Sir Francis Drake (1585) x. 98;
at the attack on S. Domingo

(1586) 112; at the attack on Car-
tagena (1586) 120; death of, 131,

134-
Powel, David, * History of Wales '

by (1170) VII. 133.
Powell, Edward and Winefrid,

settlers in Virginia (1587) viii.

402, 403.
Power, Leonard, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75, 78.
Powles, the, shoals called, xi. 180.
Powlet, or Poulet, John, in the Great

Hermina (1535) viii. 210; goes up

the Hochelaga river, 230 ; sent to

Donnacona by Jacques Cartier,

252.
Powstezer, fur trade in, 11. 276.
Pox, small, in De la Paz and Potosi

(1590) X. 171.
Poyas Semnoi or Cingulus mundi,

III. 407.
Pozanka, Island, Stephen Borough

at (1557) II. 363.
Pracellas, see Flats.
Prage, Ganges and Jumna meet at,

V. 476.
Pragmatics, or Spanish book of

orders, xi. 444, 446.
Praia, town in S. lago. Sir Anthony

Sherley at (1596) x. 268.
Prat, John, child settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.

Prat. Roger, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Prato, Cape of, Jacques Cartier at
(1534) VIII. 201-204, 259.

Prayer, at the coronation of Russian
Emperors, 11. 374 ; by Queen
Elizabeth (1596) iv. 239,' 261.

Prayers, in Russia for drowned mer-
chants and sailors, 11. 90.

36:

Preaching, of the Sainton on the
Mountain of Pardons, v. 357; of
the Bonzes, vi. 345.

Precepts, seven, of Noah, vi. iii.

Prechista, cathedral church in Mos-
cow, III. 338 ; coronation of Rus-
sian Emperors in, 374.

Preciado, Francis, soldier of Captain
Ulloa, and the attack of the Chi-
chimecas Indians (1539) ix. 237,
238; parley with peaceable In-
dians, 247; and the Indians (1540)
263, 265, 278; and the restitution
of the sealskins to the Indians,
276; account of Captain Ulloa 's
voyage, 278.

Precipola, Turkish camp at (1571) v.
130.

Prentises, see Apprentices.

Presbiter John, see Prester John.

Presla (Breslau), chief city of
Silesia, 11. 186.

Prest, John, ship master, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 65.

Prester John, v. 337, xii. 12 ; and
Jenghiz Khan, i. 146; stratagem
of, 71 ; King of Cathay, 267, 290.

Preston, Sir Amyas de, and the Gal-
leass of Moncada, iv. 223 ; in
Cadiz (1596) 258; knighted at
Cadiz, 259; in S. Mary's Island
(1589) VII. 15 ; in S. George Island,
17 ; sent in ship from Pernam-
buco, 19 ; his prize, 30 ; voyage
of, to West Indies (1595) x. 213-
226; sick crew of, at Dominica
(1595) 215; at Coche Island, 216;
and the flyboats of Middelburg,
217; captures of, at Cumana, 217;
taking of S. lago de Leon by
(1595) 218, 364; and the offer of
a ransom for S. lago de Leon,
221; burning of S. lago de Leon
(1595) 222 ; meeting of, with Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) 225.

Pretegoani, empire of. Friar Odoric
in (1330) IV. 435 f.

Pretie, see Pretty.

Pretty, Francis, of the Hugh
Gallant, landing of (1587) xi.
31 T ; Cavendish's circumnavigation
(1586-S8) written by, xi. 290-347.

Prideox, Master, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317; sent to Hatteras, 338.

INDEX

Priego, Earl of, assistant of the city

of Seville (1596) x. 252.
Priesthood, dignity of first estate

in Japan, vi. 329.
Priests, Russian, 11. 442 ; Persian,

III. 162 ; marriage of, in Iceland
(1544) IV. 58, 157; high, in Japan,
VI. 329 ; holiness of, 335.

Prima Vista, discovered by John and
Sebastian Cabot (1497) vii. 146.

' Primera Parte de las Elegias de
Varones lllustres de Indias,' by
Juan de Castellanos, x. 496.

Primrose, Russian ambassador re-
turns home on the, 11. 359; flag-
ship, captain, Anthony Jenkinson
(1557) 375. 413; John Buckland,
master, 380.

Primrose, the, and the first voyage
to Guinea (1553) vi. 145; gold
received by, 163 ; shells on the
keel of, 175 ; uncertainty of the
fate of (1561) 255, 256; William
Rutter in (1563) 261 ; escape of

(1585) 413-
Primrose, the. Sir Martin Frobisher,

captain of (1585) x. 98.
Princes, right government of, iv.

281.
Principe Island, discovered by the

Portuguese, viii. 127.
Pringle, Richard, voyage into Persia

(1569) III. 136; at Shemakha, 137;

bearer of Anthony Jenkinson 's

letter (1572) 193.
Printing, Chinese, vi, 359.
Printing house, first, in Iceland

(1568) IV. 59, 158.
Prior's Sound, discovered by Martin

Frobisher (1576) vii. 208.
Priour, John, of King's Lynn, and

Prussian pirates, 11. 70.
Prise, Edward, merchant in Russia,

II. 291.
Prisena, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

322.
Prison for galley slaves, near Alex-
andria (1577) V. 156, 260; Chris-
tians in the, 157.
Prisoners, English, in Spain (1596)

IV. 266; English, of the Armada,
urged to serve the King of Spain,
by Morice Fitz-John (1591) vii. 50;
English sailors, in Terceira (1589)

70 ; English, murdered by a Span-
iard (1590) 72; English, in Ter-
ceira (1591) 83; English hostages
in Mexico, and Anthony Godard
and his men (1568) ix. 422 ; An-
thony Godard and his men, in
Tescuco (1568) 421, 459; English
sailors at Havana (1570) 460;
condemned by the Inquisition of
Seville (1570) 463; English, in
Cumana, exchanged by Captain
Parker for his Spanish prisoners
(1596) X. 277; Russian, set at
liberty (1584) iii. 344; Spanish,
in England (1588) iv. 214 ff.
Prisons in China, description of, vi.

Pristaves, Russian court officials,
III. 105.

Privileges, granted to the Muscovy
Company by Ivan Vasiliwich,
Emperor of Russia (1555) 11.
297 ff., 315; by King of
Shirvan (1563) iii.^ 33, 39;
by the Shah of Persia, 56, 144;
granted by Shah of Persia (1567)
64; by Prince of Gilan, 61; by
Russian Emperor (1567) 92-97; by
Russian Emperor (1569) 108-118;
restricted to them in Russia, 97,
187, 189 ; obtained for, by Sir
Jerome Horsey, 347-353 ; withdrawn
by him (1572) 187 sq. ; obtained
by Giles Fletcher, 353-357; Eng-
lish trade increased by, 206 ; granted
to the first Levant Company, by
Murad Khan (1579) v. 169; to the
second Levant Company (1580)
178, 183 ; granted by Queen Eliza-
beth to Sir Edward Osborne and
Richard Staper for the Levant
Company (1581) 192 ; restricted
to the Levant Company, 197 ;
of the Levant Company liable
to be withdrawn for misdemean-
our (1581) 200; for English trade,
to be enforced by Edward Barton
(1584) 274 ; granted by Peter, Prince
of Moldavia (1588) vi. 59; granted
by Queen Elizabeth (1592) 73-
92 ; of the Levant trade, restricted
to the Levant Company (1592) 83 ;
87 ; of the Emperor of Morocco,
to the Barbary Campany (1577)

3^3

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

292 ; granted to the Barbary Com-
pany by Queen Elizabeth (1585)
419; restricted to its members,
421; granted to the Guinea Com-
pany (1588) 443, vn. 90 ; restricted
to the members, vi. 447 ; of Queen
Elizabeth to Thomas Gregory of
Taunton, vn. 102 ; of Henry VII.,
to John Cabot and his sons (1495)
141, 143; granted for five years
by Queen " Elizabeth to Adrian
Gilbert (1583) 375-381; granted
by Henry VII. to John and
Sebastian Cabot, vni. 37;
granted by Queen Elizabeth to
Sir Humphrey Gilbert for colonis-
ing America (1578) vni. 17-23, 41 ;
granted by Queen Elizabeth, to
Sir Walter Raleigh (1584) 289-
296; share of the crown, 291;
causes of revocation of, 295.
Privy seals sent to Peru from Spain

to borrow money (1590) x. 174.
Prizes or ships captured by Sir
Francis Drake (1587) vi. 439, 441,
(1577-79) XI. 101-133, 133-147. 148-
162; near the Azores (1589) vii.
2-4; at S. Mary's Island, 17;
Spanish (1589) 30; Robert Flicke's
(1591) 59, 60; Earl of Cumber-
land's (1589) 67, (1590) 79; cargo
of the Spanish, taken by Thomas
White (1592) 104; Captain Lane's,
off Cape Tiburon (1590) viii. 410.
Proclus on America, vii. 161 ; on

the Ocean Sea, 199.
Proconesus, see Marmora.
Procopius, ' de Bello Gothico,' by,

IV. 278.
Proctor, Nicholas, and Richard Us-
combe, iii. 169; chief agent for
the Muscovy Company in Russia
(1572) 183, 193.
Prodeno Island, John Locke off
(1553) V. loi ; William Harborne
at (1583) 249.
Promhell, i. 48.

Pronetto, heirs of, part owners of
Atoyaque and Xicaian towns, ix.
470.
Propertms, quotation from the

* Elegies ' of, iv. 38, 133.
Prophecy of an Indian against Spain
(1589) VI. 387; of the coming of

Vasquez de Coronado to the In-
dians (1540) IX. 160; in Peru,
mentioned by Sir Walter Raleigh,

X. 431.

Prophet of Mahomet, description of
a, V. 252 ; his garment, or Chisva
Talnabi, 342.

Propontis, Richard Wrag at (1594)
VI. 107.

Protasio, Don, Quabacondono and,

XI. 424 ; soldiers of, 425 ; and the
Jesuit fathers, 429.

Prouaz, Henry Austell at (1583) v.

325-
Prouse, Laurence, gunner, leaves

Astrakhan (1581) iii. 245.
Provence and Edward I.'s great

charter, i. 333 ; bulwark in walls

of Rhodes, named from, v. 23-

39-

Provisions, for whale-fishing expedi-
tion, III. 201 ; to take on board for
a voyage of discoveries, 269-271 ;
sent to Sir Jerome Horsey by the
Emperor of Russia (1586) 347; for
the Armada (1588) iv. 202.

Provost, John, Indian interpreter of
Laurence Keymis (1596) x. 454.

Prowse, Captain, in the Angel in
Sir Amyas de Preston's voyage
(1595) X. 213; death of, at Coros
(1595) 223.

Pruce, see Prussia.

Prudence, the, of the Muscovy
Company (1582) iii. 304.

Prudence, the, of Christopher New-
port's fleet (1591) X. 184.

Prudence, the, Captain Parker's
ship (1596) X. 277.

Prunaria, Don George, killed at the
naval fight off Flores (1591) vii.

,.47- ^ .

Pruse, see Prussia.

Prussia, King Arthur and, i. 6,
15 ; Tartars and, i. 89 f. ; con-
quest of, 256; Grand Master of,
305 ; conquest of, by the Hospital-
lers of Jerusalem, 11. 2 ; and
England, agreement between
(1388) 18-24; claims of, for dam-
age to ships, 33; England's pro-
mises to, 45; and Henry IV., 37,
41, 55-67; unlawful treatment of
English ships and crew by, 60 f. ;

364

INDEX

and Sir William Esturmy (1407)
85, 87; Ulricus, master of, his
letter to Henry IV., 91; open to
English merchants (1409) 99;
Eng-lish merchants in (1404) 109;
products of, 122 f.

Prussus, governor over the Vistula
and the shores of the Baltic Sea,
11. 183.

Pryhouse, Mr., of Guernsey, and
Hakluyt, xii. 77.

Psara Island, William Harborne at
(1583) V. 250.

Ptolemais, see Acre.

Ptolemayda, Richard I. at (1192) v.
125.

Ptoleme, see Ptolemy.

Ptolemy, 11. 168 ; on the peoples of
Libya, vi. 168, vii. 137; opinion
on northern part of the world,
193 ; first principle of geography,
196; limits of his knowledge,
197; * Peregrinationis Historia,'
by, 203.

Ptolemy, King, Pharia tower by, v.
118.

Ptolomais, see Acre.

Ptolomew, see Ptolemy.

Ptolomy, see Ptolemy.

Puchinsu, fosterer of the King of
China, vi. 363.

Pud, a Russian weight, 11. 274, iii.
82.

Pudkey or Torture, in. 355.

Pudsey, voyage of, to Bahia, in
Brazil (1542) xi. 25.

Puebla, Capitan, return from Eng-
land (1589) VI. 514.

Puebla de los Angelos, in New
Spain, IX. 318; near Vera Cruz,
355; Roger Bodenham at (1564)
359 > cochineal found at, 360 ;
John Chilton at (1568) 362 ; Span-
ish goods carried from Vera Cruz
to (1572) 379; Miles Philips at
(1580) 434.

Puebla Nova, John Chilton at (1572)
IX. 374.

Pueblo, see Puebla.

Puente de Suago, English fleet at
(1596) IV. 246, 249, 254.

Puercos, Los, in the Bay of S. Sebas-
tian, dangers of, described in the
Ruttier, x. 282.

Puercos, Punta de los, mentioned in
second Ruttier, x. 325.

Puercos, Rio de, in Cuba, viii. 411,
X. 47; William King at (1592)
192 ; or river of hogs, mentioned
in the second Ruttier, 323.

Puerto Bello, Spanish West Indian
port, description of (1587) x. 144;
excellence of the harbour of, 145 ;
Baptista Antonio's advice about
deserting Nombre de Dios for,
146; latitude of, 148; Baptista
Antonio's advice to strengthen
(1587) 156; Sir Francis Drake at
(1596) 239; description of, 240;
English fleet repaired at (1596)
251 ; death of Sir Francis Drake
between Escudo Island and (1596)
253, XII. 66.

Puerto de Cavallas, or Cavallos,
Christopher Newport at (1591) x.
187; spoils of, 187; ship of
boarded by William King (1592)
193 ; taken by Sir Anthony Sher-
ley and Captain Parker (1598) 275,
278; Captain Parker's voyage to
(1596) 277.

Puerto de Plata, Sir John Hawkins
at (1562) X. 8.

Puerto Hermoso, in S. Domingo, x.
284.

Puerto Rico, Island of, the Edward
Bonaventure at (1593) vi. 405;
Sir Richard Grenvilleat(i585) viii.
311; John White at (1590) 408;
abundance of hides in (1572) ix.
390 ; voyage of Sir Thomas Pert
and Sebastian Cabot to (15 16) x.
2-6; English ship at (1517) 4, 5;
open to Drake's devastations, 94;
Don Diego Mendez de Valdes
governor of (1590) 161 ; Christo-
pher Newport at (1591) 184; cap-
tures of William King in the har-
bour of (1592) 191; Sir Robert
Dudley at (1594) 203; Sir Robert
Dudley and his prize at (1595)
210; death of Sir John Hawkins
off (1595) 230, XII. 66; fight
between Sir Francis Drake
and the Spanish, x. 230;
Spanish ships burnt and sunk
in (1596) 254; latitude of, 283,
333 ; marks of, described in the

365

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Ruttier, 283, 310; course from, to
Havana, 327 ; death of Juan Mar-
tinez at, 361 ; the Philip, Spanish
ship, at (1575) 427; or Boriquen
Island, XI. 238, 240.

Puerto Rico town, in Puerto Rico,
Sir Francis Drake at (1595) x.
230.

Puerto Santo Island, inhabited by
old Portuguese soldiers, latitude
and description of, x. 213, 332.

Puerto Santo town, taken by Sir
Amyas de Preston (1595) x. 214.

Puerto Seguro, see Porto Seguro.

Pugia, Rhaponticum found in, vi.
26; opium found in, 27.

Puglia, see Apulia.

Pulo, meaning of, in Malayan, vi.
3P6.

Pulo Penang Islands, vi. 396; the
Edward Bonaventure at (1591) X.

195- .

Pulo Pinaou, see Pulo Penang.

Pulo Sambilam Islands, in the
Straits of Malacca, vi. 397.

Pulpit, the, bark in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet (1595) x. 232.

Pumpions, see Gourds.

Puna, golden garden of the Ingas
near,'x. 357.

Puna Island, Thomas Cavendish at
(1587) XI. 313, 368; products of,
316; English sailors killed on,
318; latitude of, 349, 359 ; anchor-
age at. 372.

Punames, see Cunames.

Punishments in Tartary, i. 247; of
thieves in Russia, 11. 235, 265 ; for
breaking the law of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 85; of crim-
inals in Japan, vi. 330, 335.

Punta de Gallo, see Curiapan.

* Purchas His Pilgrims,' by Samuel
Purchas, xii. 83.

Purchas, Samuel, compared to
Richard Hakluyt, xii. 74 ; and the
unpublished papers of Hakluyt,

Purchas, William, mayor of London

(1497) vn. 155.
Purpagotos, enemies to the Spanish

(1596) X. 474.
Purpet, Thomas, distress of, at Port

Desire (1592) xi. 399; on Penguin

Island, 410; slain by wild men,
411.

Purselaine, boiled in water, crew of
the Edward Bonaventure feeding
on (1593) VI. 406.

Purser, pirate, and Milbrooke town
(1583) XI. 202.

Purser, Andrew, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 70.

Pursers, inventory of ships' neces-
saries, made by, 11. 317; regula-
tions for Spanish, xi. 443.

Pustosero, castle and town, iii. 407.

Putapayma Island, near Oecope
Mountain, x. 396.

Puteanus, Bernardus, and the
North-west passage, vii. 163.

Putijma, Cacique, x. 395 ; governor
of the province of Warapana, and
Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 416;
Laurence Keymis and (1596)
467.

Putima, guide of Captain Keymis
to the Cumaca river (1595) x. 421 ;
Spaniards from Manoa slain by,

^ ^58. ^ .

Putyma, see Putijma.

Puys, Henry, of Elbing, ship master,

and Prussian pirates, 11. 62.
Pygmaei, land of, iv. 427, 428.
Pyramid in Alexandria, v. 330.
Pyramids of Egypt, v. 118, 336;

description by John Evesham

(1587) VI. 36; by Laurence Alder-

sey (1586) 45.
Pyrei, people of Libya, vi. 168.
Pyriplegethon, see Albania.
Pyrites, see Flint.
Pyrrha, on sea of Azov, vii. 161.

Quabacondono, monarch of Japan
(1590) XI. 422; proclamation by,
428 ; and Augustine Eucunocam-
indono (1591) 434; and the Jesuits
in Japan, 435.

Quacapotla ' a mansion of Intla,'
IX. 467.

Quadrilla de Sierras, la, mentioned
in second Ruttier, x. 324.

Quaherque in Darha, vii. 89

Quambioindono, Cainocami, son of,
XI. 425.

Quanchi city, in China, vi. 318.

Quansi, see Kwang-si.

366

INDEX

Quarez, Agoniez, wounded at the
taking of Cevola (1540) ix.

153.

Quarles, John, Russian licence
granted to, iii. 109.

Quass, see Kvass.

Quatro Cienegas, las, in New Bis-
cay, IX. 188.

Quebrada fortified (1587) x. 151.

Quebraran, Colonel, suppositious
general of the English fleet after
Sir Francis Drake's death, name
unknown in the English navy, in-
vented by Don Bernaldino Del-
gadillo, X. 259.

Queeneland, warfare between
Queenes and Normans, i. 14.

Queen Elizabeth's Cape, in Meta
Incognita, vii. 306; latitude of,

367-
Queen's Foreland, discovered by

Captain Frobisher (1576) vii. 214,

233. 237, 279, 315, 328; flow and

ebb near, 238; the Dennis lost

near (1578) 336; discovered to be

an island, 339.
Queicheu, see Kwei-chou.
Quepyn Mountains, dwelling-place

of Carapana, x. 465
Quequenich, Southam and Sparke

at (1566) III. 77.
Querini, Giovanni Antonio, death of

(1571) V. 123; at the defence of

Famagusta, 133, 136; and Mus-
tafa Pasha. 145.
Quernero, G. Jf of, John Locke in

(1553) V. 104.
Queros, captain of a Spanish ship,

wrecked in the Strait of Magellan,

XI. 259.
Quesala, town in New Spain, ix.

471.
Quesida, Don Ximenes de, the Ade-

lantado, x. 497.
Quiacim, shire in China, vi. 320.
Quianci, Quiansi, see Kiang-si.
Quibian, Cacique of Veragua, xii.

18.
Quicama, the Lord of, and Captain

Alarchon (1540) ix. 313.
Quicheu or Cutchew, see Kweichou.
Quicin, seventh shire of China, vi.

296; city of, 318.
Quicksilver, from China, vi. 25 ;

loss of, to the King of Spain
(1592) VII. 104; sold in New Spain
by the King of Spain (1590) x.
167.

Quicoma, near Cevola, ix. 300.

Quiloacas, nation mentioned in Rut-
tier for river Plate, xi. 100.

Quincy, Saer, see Winchester, Earl
of.

Quiniones, Alvaro Flores de, ad-
miral of the Spanish fleet (1589)
VII. 69; brought to Spain (1590)
70.

Quinsay, see Hang-chow.

Quintal, weight of Aleppo and Baby-
lon, VI. 10; of Goa, 17; of Cochin,
21.

Quintas, or fifth part of the mines
of gold and silver in Mexico, re-
ceived by the King of Spain, ix.
375.

Quinte, John, of the Elizabeth
Stokes (1584) V. 2S2.

Quintero Bay, latitude of, Thomas
Cavendish at (1587) xi. 303, 306,
368 ; English sailors killed at, 306 ;
English sailors taken prisoners at
(1587) 308; latitude of, 349, 358;
from, to Coquimbo, 360; anchor-
age, 372.

Quinzai, see Hang-chow.

Quinzay, people of, on the borders
of America, vii. 165.

Quiola, discovered by the Portu-
guese, viii. 128.

Quiparia, town of the Caribs, xi.
8; Sir Walter Raleigh's pinnace
at, 9

Quiquifs, and the Giant Arneoste,
Tii. 25.

Quires, los, Indian province on the
Rio del Norte, ix. 197; latitude
of, 197; Antonio de Espejo's voy-
age towards (1582) 203.

Quitangone, the Edward Bonaven-
ture at (1591) vi. 391, x. 195.

Quito, in Peru, viii. 125, x. 174;
bark from, captured by John
Oxenham (1575) 78; near the Oia
river, in Peru, 362 ; ship from,
captured by John Oxenham (1575)
XI. 230.

Quiugin, graduates of the second
degree in China, vi. 361.

367

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Quivira, Vasquez de Coronado in,

VII. 170; in Western America,

VIII. 450; voyages to, ix. 115;
Vasquez de Coronado hears of
(1540) 164; latitude of, 165; Friar
John de Padilla and Friar Francis
at (1540) 166; description of the
natives and wild animals from
Cicuic to, 167.

Quoghliclan, Anthony Godard and
his men at (1568) ix. 419.

Quosquino, gate in Rhodes, v. 49;
bulwark of, 28 ; postern of, 38.

Rabacapala, Rajah of Java (1580)
XI. 132.

Rabat (Rabast), Cape, Jacques Car-
tier at (1535) viii. 213.

Rabbits, in Hochelaga (1535) viii.
244; in Virginia, 304, 368; in
Florida, 451, x. 59; in Granada,

IX. 156; strange, in Nova Albion
(1578) 327, XI. 123; in New Spain,
IX. 385 ; in Guiana, xi. 14.

Rdbnet of Southampton, the, crew
of (1584) v. 281.

Race, Cape, in Russia, Stephen
Borough at (1557) 11. 365, 367.

Race, Cape, in Newfoundland, viii.
14, 162 ; Sir Humphrey Gilbert's
fleet ordered to, 45 ; geographical
situation of, 56; English fleet
arrives at, 62, 70; fleet leaves, 85;
returns to, 92 ; the Bonaventure at
(1591) 150; the Marigold at (1593)
158, 310; the Grace at, 165;
description, 185; Charles Leigh
at (1597) 165, 181; Jacques Car-
tier at (1536) 260.

Rachim, see Arakan.

Radcliffe, Robert, fifth Earl of Sus-
sex (i569?-i629), and the Cadiz
expedition (1596) iv. 236, 250;
knighted at Cadiz, 259.

Radera river, in Misena, coloured
water of, iv. 38, 134.

Radevicus Canonicus Frisingensis,
I. 316.

Radulph, keeper of Cyprus for
Richard I. (1191) iv. 331.

Rafe, John, and the voyage to
Guinea (1555) vi. 162.

Raft, John Chilton on the Rio de las
Palmas in a (1572) ix. 374.

Rafts on the Tigris, vi. 5 ; cane-
made or Balsas, ix. 257.

Ragaun town, xi. 335.

Ragevil, Cardinal, and Sir Jerome
Horsey (1584) iii. 345.

Ragged Stajf, the, ship of Andrew
Barker in his voyage to Terra
Firma (1576) x. 82 ; sunk in Vera-
gua, 85.

Ragine, usurper of throne of his
father, King of Colombo, v. 399.

Ragonasco, Charles, of Cremona,
captain, Mustafa Pasha and(i57i)

V. 145 ; slain at Famagusta, 150.
Ragster, Henry, of the Maria Mar-
tin (1584) V. 281.

Ragusa, tributary to the Turks
(1553) V. 79; John Locke near
(1553) 103; Henry Austell at (1585)
322, 323.

Rahab, and Joshua's messengers,
viii. 102.

Rahemet, Pasha of, and the Persian
wars (c. 1583) V. 453.

Raia, King of Ceylon (c. 1583) v.
500.

Raiemores, As serras, mentioned in
Ruttier for Brazil, xi. 77.

Raignaldus (Reginald), son of Sum-
erled, King of Argyll, i. 30; battle
with ^ngus, 33.

Raimond, Captain, of the Penelope,
voyage of, to East Indies (1591),
written by Henry May, x. 194-
203 ; Portuguese ship captured by
(1591) 194.

Raimund. Friar, his sermons to
Captain Ulloa and his crew (1539)
IX. 252 ; and the Indians (1540)
264; christens an old Indian, 265.

Rainbek, and the English ship, 11.
60.

Rainbow, the, of the Cadiz expedi-
tion (1596) IV. 247.

Rainbow, the, of Queen Elizabeth's
fleet, Henry Bellingham, captain
of (1587) VI. 438; at Flores (1590)
VIII. 421.

Rainford, Thomas, his prizes (15S6)

VI. 437.

Rainolds, see Raynolds.

Rainolds, Richard, his voyage to

Senegal and Gambia (1591) vii.

90; entertains the negroes at

368

INDEX

Beseguiache, 92 ; Amar Melick

and, 98.
Rainolds, William, of the Swallow

(1584) V. 281.
Rains, season of, in New Spain, ix.

391-

Raisins, Corinth, trade in, restricted
to Levant Company (1592) vi. 84,
S6.

Rajahs or Kings of Java, xi. 130, 132.

Raleana, see Orinoco river.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, lord warden
(1552-1618) I. xxix. ; and the Vir-
ginian colonies, xxviii. ; and the
Armada (1588) iv. 217; and the
Cadiz expedition (1596) 236, 241;
head of a squadron, 242, 247 ; voy-
age to the Azores by the ships of

(1586) VI. 434; owner of the Bark
of Lime (1589) vii. 6; his account
of the fight of the Revenge and a
Spanish x\rmada (1591) 38-53;
fleet prepared by, and the Spanish
ships (1592) 105; Queen Elizabeth
and, 106; tactics of, 108; owner
of the bark Raleigh (1583) viii. 46 ;
letters patent granted by Queen
Elizabeth to (1584) 289-296 ; charges
of, and the voyages to Virginia,
289, 346, 349 ; account of the Eng-
lish left in Virginia by Ralph
Lane, sent to (1585-86) 320-345;
colonising in Chesapeak Bay in-
tended by, 391 ; and the relief ex-
pedition to Virginia (1590) 404;
Richard Hakluyt's dedication to

(1587) 439; portrait of, ix. iii. ;
and the English settlers sent to
Roanoke Island (1586) x. 132;
geographical names quoted from,
207, 208 ; expected in Trinidad by
Sir Robert Dudley (1595) 209;
meeting of, with Sir Amyas de
Preston (1595) 225; discovery of
Guiana by (1595) 338-431; letter
from, to Lord Charles Howard
and Sir Robert Cecil, 338-343 ; and
Don Antonio de Berreo (1595) 340;
towns taken by, in Venezuela,
341 ; to the reader, 343-348 ; map
or chart of Guiana by (1595) 365,
385 ; engraving of chart of, 387 ;
description of Amazon women by,
366; his knowledge of Guiana, 371 ;

his expedition for the discovery of
Guiana, 378 ; his expedition up
the Capuri river, 379 ; old Ciawani
Indian as pilot of, 381 ; sufferings
of the expedition, 385 ; sufferings
relieved by the old Ciawani In-
dian, 386; Arawak Indian, pilot
to, 389 ; kind treatment of Indians
by (1595) 391.; and King Topari-
maca, 393 ; information concern-
ing Guiana given to, by the King
of Aromaia (1595) 39^-399; ex-
pedition of, to the Caroli river
(1595) 403, 409; advice of Topi-
avvari to, about the conquest of
Guiana, 410; Topiawari's son
entrusted to (1595) 414; takes
leave of Topiawari, 415 ; and of
his captains on the Cararoopana
(1595) 422 ; dedication of the ac-
count of Laurence Keymis's voy-
age to (1596) 441 ; third voyage to
Guiana by, written by Thomas
Masham (1596) xi. 1-15 ; and the
French (1597) 2; the Dorothy,
pinnace of (1586) 203; Pedro Sar-
miento taken by the barks of
(1586) 273; training of, xii. 25;
in Sir Humphrey Gilbert's expedi-
tion (1578) 37; and Virginia (1587)
41; and El Dorado, 42; on the
wealth of Spain, 52 ; ' History of
the World* by, 71; character
of, 71 ; in El Dorado and
Guiana, 72 ; * Discovery of the
Large, Rich and Beautiful Em-
pire of Guiana,' by, 73; and
Hakluyt, 73 ; Virginian patent of,
and the Company of Merchants
(1588) 87.

Raleigh, the bark, at Flores Island
(1591) VI. 41 ; vice-admiral's ship
of Sir Humphrey Gilbert's expedi-
tion (1583) VIII. 46; illness in, 47;
return of, 47, 81; Sir Walter
Raleigh, vice-admiral in (1583) xii.
37.

Raleigh, city of, in Virginia (1587)
VIII. 386.

Raleigh, Mount, discovered by John
Davys (1585) vii. 389, 420-433;
products of, 390.

Ram, feast of the, Mahometan feast..
V. 354-

369

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Rama, King Baldwin besieged at
(1102) IV. 296; Laurence Alder-
sey at, description of (1581) v.
208; John Eldred at (c. 1587) vi. 9.

Ramaragio, usurper of the throne of
Bezeneger, v. 382.

Ramazaco, Pascha di, Mahometan
feast, V. 354.

Ramble, the, hill in Teneriffe, vi.

131-

Rame, kingdom of, v. 483.

Ramea, Isles of, voyage of English
to (1527) VIII. I ; discovery of
(1591) 150; Thomas James' letter
concerning the discovery of, 155 ;
discovered by Jacques Cartier
(1534) 156; natives' name for,
157; George Drake's voyage to
(1593) 161 ; Charles Leigh at
(1597) 167, 171; description of,
181, 182.

Rame Head, Cape, English fleet at
(1589) VII. 30; Luke Warde at, xi.
201.

Rames, King Baldwin at (1107) iv.
302.

Ramires, Alonso, Peru merchant,
builds a ship to go back to Spain,
XI. 43.

Ramsey, Isle of Man, i. 30; battle
of, 25 f., (11 64) 32; Andrew Leu-
cander, third abbot of the abbey
of (1020) IV. 282.

Ramsie, see Ramsey.

Ramusio, John Baptista, and the
Arabian Geography, iii. 412;
secretary to the State of Venice
(1557) 458; on the bridges of
Hang-chow, iv. 425 ; voyages of,
VII. 147, 149 ; and the discovery of
the north-west passage, 189;
quotations from the voyages
gathered by, ix. 115, 207-278;
quotation from a translation
of Gonsalvo de Oviedo by, x. 4,
416.

Ramusius, see Ramusio.

Ranas Island, latitude of, x. 334. ^

Rancheria, pearl fishing near, Sir
John Hawkins at (1565) x. 37;
taken by Sir Francis Drake (1595)
234 ; burnt by Sir Francis Drake,
235 ; Spanish village at Topia-
wari's Port, 466.

Randacchi, governor, killed at the J
defence of Famagusta (1571) v. I

H3-

Randal, Captain, of the Solomon of
Weymouth (1578) vii. 322.

Randolph, Thomas (1523-1590), am-
bassador, in Russia, i. xlvi. ; Eng-
lish ambassador to Russia (1568)
III. 102, (1567) 336; his arrival at
Moscow, 105 ; received by the
Emperor of Russia, 106, 107 ; and
the privileges (1569) 108, 118; and
the voyage of discovery (1588) 119;
and the Emperor of Russia (1572)

i74> 177-

Range of Dartmouth, the Solomon
damaged at (1596) xi. 44.

Rangifa, Francisco Gomez, Spanish
merchants' factor in Aguatulco
(1570) IX. 365.

Rangiferi, see Reindeer.

Ransoms, of Richard I. (1193) iv.
337; Hubert Walter, bishop of
Salisbury, and the (12 18) 347; of
William Bats, and Nicholas Day,
prisoners at Cape Verde (1567) vi.
273; of Atabalipa (1533) vm. 125;
of Cartagena (1586) x. 125; of
Cumana, 217; of S. lago de Leon
refused by Sir Amyas de Preston
(1595) 221; of Riohacha (1595)
234, 235.

Ranulphus Cestrensis, on Edgar's
navy, i. 19.

Raonoak, see Roanoke.

Rapamat, in Turkey, English am-
bassador's house at, v. 263, 275,
VI. 96.

Raparo Island, in the haven of
Biaza, xi. 96.

Raquelle. Isle of, latitude of, vm.
278.

Rasalgate, Cape, and the monsoons,
VI. 29, 30.

Rastall, voyage of, in the Trinity
(1536) VIII. 3; return of, 7.

Rastwold, Anthony, pilgrim (1553)
V. 77.

Rasus Isle, see R^.

Ratcliffe, Anthony, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 88.

Ratcliffe, John, letter-bearer of
Henry VIII. (1531) v. 66.

Ratcliffe, Willoughby's departure

370

i

INDEX

from, II. 217, 244; Stephen
Borough's departure from, 322;
Arthur Pet at (1580) iii. 303; the
Richard of Arundel leaves (1588)

VI. 450, (1590) 461; Martin Fro-
bisher sails from (1576) vii. 204;
the Sunshine at (1586) 413.

Rates, book of (1580) iii. 273; table
of, or Aranzel kept in the Con-
tractation house at Seville (1586)

XI. 457-
Ratire, French ships at (1588) vi.

451-
Ratisbon, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

326.
Ratliffe, see RatclifTe.
Rats found in Hochelaga (1535) viii.

244; as food near Hochelaga,

229.
Ratta, La, ship of Venice, lost at

sea (1588) IV. 230.
Raunce, James, master of the Wil-
liam and John (1567) ix. 398.
Ravens, uses of, in New Spain

(1572) IX. 393.
Ravenser, ships from, in Edward

ni.'s f^eet, I. 298.
Ravillon, Monsieur de La Court Pr^,

discovery of Ramea made for

(1591) VIII. 150.
Rawlings, Robert, Murad Khan and

(1584) V. 277.
Raymond, Captain, prize of (1589)

VII. 30.

Raymond, George, and the voyage
to the East Indies (1591) vi. 387-
407; captures a Portuguese cara-
veL 388, 390.

Raymund, of Sir Richard Gren-
ville's voyage to Virginia (1585)

VIII. 310; his men left at Croatan,
316.

Raynolds, the bark, Grand Master
of Malta and (1582) v. 215.

Raz, see Race.

Razo, see Race.

R^, Isle of (Rasus), viii. 281.

Rea, Francis de, and John Newbery
in Goa (1583) v, 460.

Read, Peter, epitaph of (1566) v.
69.

Reade, John, in John Chidley's voy-
age, return of (1590) xi. 384.

Rebellion in Angola, against Spain

(1590) VI. 468; in the French Fort

against Captain Laudonniere

(1565) X. 54; execution of rebels,

55 ; feared by Spain in the West

Indies (1587) 152.
Rebuiam Island, latitude of, ix. 329.
Recola, altitude of, iii. 247.
Recon, see Arakan.
Reculver. i. 48.
Recusants, Catholic, at the time of

the Armada (1588) iv. 208.
Red Cross river, described by Sir

Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 381.
Red. Dragon, the, flagship, Robert

Withrington, captain of (1586) xi.

202.
Redemptionaries, members of the

Society of Adventurers for the

Western Planting, viii. 117.
Reden, garrisoned castle, of the

Dutch knights, 11. 2.
Redewish, Albert, and the Newcastle

customs, II. 79.
Reding, Edward, carpenter, leaves

Astrakhan (1581) iii. 245.
Red Lion of London, the, and John

Davys's fleet (1587) vii. 414.
Redondo, Cabo, mentioned in Rut-
tier, XI. 86.
Redondo Island, Spanish possession

(1564) IX. 5; Sir Francis Drake

^i (1595) X. 229.
Redondo, Monte, near Mina, vi.

452.
Redrifi", near London, Job Hortop,

powder-maker, at (c. 1568) ix.

445; Job Hortop 's return to (1590)

465-
Red Rose, the, or Golden Dragon,

at Peniche (1591) vii. 57.
Red Sea, v. 347, 359.
Refinado, inferior sort of sugar, vi.

128.
Refiner's basket and tools found by

Sir Walter Raleigh in Guiana

(1595) X. 389.
Refiners in Sir Humphrey Gilbert's

expedition (1583) viii. 47.
Refisca Viejo. near Beseguiache,

products of, vii. 90; French

traders in, 91 ; Richard Rainolds

at (1591-92) 93-
Reginald, bishop of Sodor and Man

(1217-1226) I. 34, 35.

371

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Reginald, son of Olaf, King of
Man, I. 30, 39; death (1249) 39.

Reginald, son of Harald, i. 30 f.

Reginald, brother of Godred, King
of Man, I. 32.

Reginald, son of Godred, succeeds
him, I. 33, 34.

Reginald, son of Eacmarcat, in-
vades Man, I. 33

Register on Spanish ships, xi. 445.

Regnaldus, see Reginald.

Regulations for Spanish ships, xi.
442-448.

Reichenbach, Henry Austell at

(1585) V. 327-

Reignolds, see Reynolds.

Reindeer, brought from Russia by
Sir Jerome Bowes (1583) iii. 328;
Munster's description of, in Ice-
land, IV. 80. 136.

Reinholdus, bishop of Schalholt, in
Iceland, iv. u, 99.

Reis, Portuguese money, vi. 152 ;
in Goa, 19; in Malacca, 22.

Relfe. Richard, agent for the Mus-
covy Company (1580) iii. 230;
leaves the Armenian village, 238;
left at Astrakhan, 245.

Relics, holy, in Rhodes (1522) v.
46.

Religion, Cabot's advice about, 11.
202 ; Russian, 346 ; of Persia, iH. 36,
151, 159, 160, 163, VI. hi; of Tar-
tars, III. 394 ; of Samoyedes, 402 ;
of the Icelanders, summary of the,

IV. 49-51, 146-148; of the Malabar
people, 413; in Pegu, preach-
ing chief religious ceremony of,

V. 494; of the Chinese, vi.
304, 371 ; of the King of China,
369; tyranny of Spain on matters
of (1591) VII. 52; of natives in
Virginia (15S6) viii. 376 f. ; of
natives of Florida, 438, 453; of
Indians, described by Friar Marco
de Niga, ix. 117; of the Ingas, by
Pedro de Cieza, x. 424; of Ter-
nate, xi. 128.

Reliques, see Relics.

* Remembrances for a Factor at

Constantinople,' by Richard Hak-

luyt the Elder, xii. 88.
Reniiel or Molasses, inferior sort of

sugar, VI. 12S.

Remington, Sir Robert, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Renapoaks, general name of the
tribes of Virginia (1585) viii. 334.

Rendes, William, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 31S.

Rendsburg, Henry Austell at (1585)
V. 327.

Reniger, Robert, voyage of, to
Brazil (1540) xi. 25.

Rennedeer, see Reindeer.

Rensperg, see Rendsburg.

Repose, Stephen, and Edward Fen-
ton at S. Vincent (1583) xi. 191,
193.

Repouso, Ilha de, mentioned in Rut-
tier, XI. 82.

Requitria, found in Arabia Felix, vi.
25.

Rescaseo, El Cabo de. Captain
Gualle at (1584) ix. 331.

Resende, Garcia de, ' Life of Don
John II., King of Portugal,' by
(1481) IV. 369, VI. 123.

Resil castle, garrisoned by the Dutch
knights, II. 2.

Restitution to English merchants
trading in Russia, 11. 302 f.

Retanzas, landing of the English at
(1589) VI. 485. ^ ^ ^

Retors of Martaban and Caesar
Frederick (c. 1583) v. 416.

Retsbon, see Ratisbon.

Reuss, Henry, twenty-ninth master
of the Dutch knights, 11. 10.

Revato, Cacique, and Domingo da
Vera (1593) x, 437.

Revel and the Russian privileges, 11.
276, 278, 386, 404 ; cloth made in,
383; taken by Russia, iii. 100.

Revenge, the, ' fight of, and the
Spanish fleet (1591) vii. 38-
53, XII. 68; the San Philip
and, VII. 42; boarded by four
Spanish ships, 43; Sir Richard
Grenville's orders to sink the,
45 ; the captain and master
of, willing to surrender, 46; at
Corvo Island (1591) 80; wrecked
in a storm, 84.

Revenues, of the Grand Signior, vi.
68; of the King of China, 319.

Rey, see Reis.

Rey, Cape de, see Reyes Point.

37:

INDEX

Reyes Point, the Bonaventure at
(1591) VIII. 150; the Grace at
(1594) 163, 165.

Reyes Magos, Rio dos, mentioned in
Ruttier for Brazil, xi. 81.

Reykians, see Reykjanas.

Reykjanas Promontory, in Iceland,
IV. 22. 113.

Reyne, John, steward on the Bona
Confidentia (1553) 11. 214.

Reynolds, Humphrey, captain of the
Garland, at the fight of Pinos
(1596) X. 262.

Reynoso, his attempt to discover
Guiana, x. 498.

Reys Hamed Bencasamp, ambassa-
dor from Morocco to Portugal
(1589) VI. 511.

Rezan, deserted town in Russia, 11.
449.

Rezan province, see Ryazan.

Rha, see Volga.

Rhaponticum, found in Persia and
Pugia, VI. 26.

Rhapsii, people of Ethiopia, vi. 170.

Rhesus, father of Meredith (c. 1447)
VII. 135-

Rhiphei Mountains, see Riphean.

Rhodanus, see Rhone.

Rhodes, Island of, knights of St.
John and, 11. 6; in Thome's map,
171 ; Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.
195; claimed by Solyman, v. 13.

Rhodes, city of, besieged by Sultan
Solyman (1522) v. 1-60; bulwark
of Auvergne in, v. 3, 7, 26, 27, 30;
bulwark of England at, 23, 24-29,
31, 34; bulwark of Italy at, 23-40;
bulwark of Provence, 23, 24, 28,
30> 31* 39 » bulwark of Spain
at, V. 23, 26, 31, 41, 42; taken
by the Turks (1522) 122;
commandment to the Beys and
Cadies of (1584) v. 290; storax
calamita and liquida found in, vi.
25; Richard Wrag at (1593) 95;
remains of Christian possession in
(1594) 107.

Rhone, river, iii. 411, iv. 321.

Rhubarb, found in Persia and
China, vi. 27.

Rhymnus, see Ural.

Rialeio, in Teneriffe, description of,
VI. 130, 131.

Riall, Amos, and the Cossacks (1573)
III. 155 ; at Moscow, 157 ; and the
letters for England, 220; and the
Pavoses, 239; at Astrakhan, 241,
244' 245.

Ribadeo, biscuit baking in, for the
Spanish fleet (1589) vi. 485.

Ribas, Gonsalvo de, pilot of the
Lewis (1587) XI. 311.

Ribault, Captain James, and Cap-
tain Laudonniere agree to return
to France (1565) ix. 97.

Ribault, Captain John, first voyage
of, to Florida (1562) viii. 457; and
the King of Florida, 458 ; his ad-
dress to his crew, 468 ; Charles-
Fort built by, 471 ; return of, to
France, 474; promises of, to his
men left in Florida (1562) ix. i;
pillar of stones erected by, in
Florida, 7; third voyage to Flor-
ida (1565) 82; his meeting with
Captain Laudonniere, 84 ; and the
pursuit of the Spanish ships in
Florida (1565) 90; killed by the
Indians of Florida (1565) 100;
ministers in his voyages to Flor-
ida, xii. 32.

Ribazuba, or fish tooth, as ornament
in Russia, iii. 368.

Ribbe, Roger, of the Elizabeth
Stokes (1584) V. ^82.

Ribera, Diego de, lieutenant of
Diego Flores de Valdes, xi. 270;
lands Pedro Sarmiento in the
Strait of Magellan, xi. 271.

Ribero, Bernardin, admiral of the
Portuguese fleet (1589) vii. 76.

Ricalde, John Martines de, admiral
of the Armada (1588) iv. 200, 203 ;
opinion of, on Philip's orders, 212;
death of, 231.

Ricards, Jane, widow of Dr. Bome-
lius, III. 324.

Rice, not allowed to be taken out of
Egypt (1584) V. 273; in China, vi.
357 ; Moluccan way of boiling, xi.
131; found at Sierra Leone by
Edward Fenton (1582) xi. 175.

Rich, Sir Edmund, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Richard I. of England, and
the Cinque Ports' privileges,
I. 50; and his charter, 294;

373

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

his voyage to Asia (i 177- 1 193)
IV. 319-335; Philip, King of
France, and, 319; his oath of
fideUty to the King of France,
320; discipUne on his ships, 320;
in Sicily, 321-327; marriage of,
with Berengaria of Navarre, 327,
330; and the Emperor of the Gryf-
fons, 328; conquers Cyprus, 330 ;
Acre surrenders to, and Philip of
France, 331; terms of surrender
of Acre, 332 ; division of the spoils
by, and Philip, 333 ; and the Sara-
cen captives, 334; conquers Syria,
335; imprisoned at Synaca (1193)
335; ransom of (1193) 337; epi-
taphs of, 338, 339; Baldwin, arch-
bishop of Canterbury, follows
(1190) 339-341; Sir Frederick Til-
ney knighted by, at Acre, 342 ;
Hubert Walter, bishop of Salis-
bury, and, 346; and Cyprus, v.
97;" his conquest of Cyprus (1192)
125.

Richard II. of England, and Prus-
sia, I. xlix. ; and Prussia, 11. 12 ;
and Conrad of Jungingen, 11.
25; and the Genoese (1390) iv.
450.

Richard, master's boy in Spanish
ship, IX. 460.

Richard, surgeon of the Muscovy
Company, iii. 245.

Richard of Bristol, of Andrew
Barker's company, killed at San
Francisco Island (1576) x. 86.

Richard, surnamed Canonicus,
travels of (1200) iv. 343.

Richard, the, and the Spanish ships
(1590) vii. 31.

Richard, the, storeship of Sir Fran-
cis Drake's fleet (1595) x. 229.

Richard of Arundel, the, first voyage
of, to Benin (1588) vi. 450-458,
458-461 ; second voyage of, to
Benin (1590) 461-467.

Richtenberg, Henry a, thirtieth
master of the Dutch knights, 11.

TO.

Rickman, Robert, master of the

Tiger (1586) vi. 35.
Rickman, Thomas, master of the

Tiger of London, and Laurence

Aldersey (1586) vi. 43.

Rider, Edward, mariner in a Span-
ish ship, IX. 460.
Rider, John, condemned to the gal-
leys by the Inquisition in Mexico
(i575)'ix. 428. ^ ^ . .,

Ridley, voyage of, m the Trinity

(1536) vni. 3.
Ridley, Francis, musician of the
Sunshine of London (1585) vii.
382.
Ridolfi, plot of, in London, xii. 51.
Rie, England, see Rye.
Rie, Russia, see Riga.
Rifoles, ship of, cast away on the

coast of Petiguar (1597) xi. 67.^
Riga, in Russia, 11. 49, 386, 404 ; vic-
tory of the Dutch knights over in-
fidels at, 6; and the Russian
privileges, 276, 278; cloth made
in, 383; seat of Justice of the
King of Poland, 487; Vobsky to,
III. 69; taken by Russia, 100; Sir
Jerome Horsey at (1584) iii. 345.
Rights, Border, between Russians

and Tartars, iii. 390.
Rigweys, Robert, ship-master, and

Prussian pirates, 11. 64.
Rij, see Riga.
Rimarus, Henry, Hanse messenger,

II. 59.
Rinconado, near Vera Cruz, ix. 355.
Rio de Janeiro, on the Brazil coast,
latitude of, x. 92; French war-
ships in the (1581) xi. 35; trade
of, with the river Plate (1596) 39;
description of, in the Ruttier, 82 ;
Spanish fleet at, 93, 183, 267; de-
scription of, 250; Pedro Sarmi-
ento at, 272 ; Thomas Cavendish
at (1586) 295.
Rio de la Hacha, see Riohacha.
Rio Grande, negro trade in (1591)

VII. 98.
Riohacha, pearls found in, Hawkins'
trade in (1568) ix. 401 ; the Angel
and the Judith at, and the Jesus
of Lubeck at (1568) 449; taken by
Sir John Hawkins (1568) 449, x.
66; Sir John Hawkins at (1565)
37; treasurer of, and Sir John
Hawkins, 38; fight at, between
the Spaniards and Sir John
Hawkins (1565) 39; taken by Sir
Francis Drake and Hawkins (1595)'

374

INDEX

233' 234, XII. 49; burnt, x. 235,
XII. 66; province of, despoiled by
Agira, xi. 363 ; pearl trade at,

237-

Rio, Rodrigo del, governor of New
Biscay, and the conquest of
Cevola (1590) IX. 205.

Rios, Pedro de los, secretary of the
Inquisition in Mexico (1574) ix.
424.

Riosogo, governor of, soldiers of,
XI. 426.

Riphean mountains, 11. 253, iil. 411.

Rippen, Thomas, and the captain of
a negro town in Guinea (1557) vi.
224.

Risophagi, people of East Africa, vi.
169.

Ritimo, captain of Cawo, and Sir
Walter Raleigh (1597) xi. 6.

Rively, George, burnt by the In-
quisition in Mexico (1575) ix. 428.

Rivera, Don Pedro de, detained by
Sir John Hawkins on his ship
(1568) IX. 402.

Rivers, John, Russian licence
granted to (1569) iii. 109.

Rivers, John, captain of the Van-
tage (1585) X. 98.

Rivers, farmed out in Russia, iii.
206; frozen, in Russia, 361; of
Russia, 405-412 ; frozen in winter
near Pekin, in China, vi. 323;
inhabited, in China, 352 ; use of,
in colonizing, by Richard Hak-
luyt, VII. 246; deep, in Florida,
VIII. 430; forty, in Guiana,
navigable for merchants, x. 480 ;
great number of, in Peru, xi. 281.

Roan, see Roanne.

Roan, see Rouen.

Roanne, Captain Gourgues hiding
at (1570) IX. III.

Roanoac, see Roanoke.

Roanoke Island, in Virginia, viii.
304; description, 309; Wingina
at, 315; English at (1585) 321,
331; conspiracy against Ralph
Lane in, 340; Englishmen left in,
by Sir Richard Grenville (1586)
348 ; John White and the English-
men left in (1587) 391 ; fate of the
Englishmen left at, 394; Manteo,
Lord of (1587) 397; John White's

departure from, 399; John White
at (1590) 414 f . ; English settlers
of, gone to Croatan Island, 417;
English settlers at, sent by Sir
Walter Raleigh (1586) x. 132;
taken possession of, in Queen
Elizabeth's name, by Amadas and
Barlow, xii. 39.

Robert, archbishop of Canterbury,
see Winchelsea.

Robert, archdeacon of East Riding,
witness of Edward I.'s great char-
ter, I. 296.

Robert Curtois, son of William the
Conqueror, his voyage to Jeru-
salem (1096) IV. 293.

Robert, son of Godwin, his voyage
to Jerusalem (1102) iv. 295.

Robert de Bruce, eighth King of
Scotland (1274-1329), siege of
Rushen by (13 13) i. 41.

Robert de Ketene, voyages and
learning of (1143) iv. 308.

Robert, Master, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Roberts, captain of the Exchange,
and William King (1592) x. 193.

Roberts, Henry, ambassador to Mor-
occo (1585-1589) VI. 426; his re-
ception of the English and foreign
merchants near the Tensist, 426 ;
his return to England (1588) 427;
and the edict of Mully Hamed,
428 f.

Roberts, Henry, of Bristol, captain
of the Christopher of Dartmouth,
imprisoned in Teneriffe (1574) x.
82 ; liberated, 83 ; at the taking of
Puerto Santo Island (1595) 214;
at the taking of S. lago de Leon
(1595) 218, 220.

Roberts, Humphrey, his escape from
the. Contractation House and re-
capture (1570) IX. 463; condemned
to the galleys, 464.

Roberval, John Francis de la Roche,
Lord de, viii. 266 ; governor of
Canada (1540) 263; his voyage
delayed, 264 ; Xanctoigne, chief
pilot of (1542) 275; voyages of,
283-287, 288-289; discoveries of,
XII. 9.

Robines, Robert, ship master, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 64.

375

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Robins, John, pilot of the Philip and

Mary (1555) n. 286; master of the

Trinity (1557) 380.
Robinson. Francis, Russian hcense

granted to (1569) ni. 109.
Robinson, John, quartermaster of

the Edward Bonaventure (1553)

H, 213.
Robinson, John, mariner on the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) n.

214.
Robinson

Maria

Moses, of the
Martin (1584) v. 381.
Roble, see Rouble.
Robles, Doctor Alcalde de Corte,

sent to Acapulco (1580) ix. 433.
Robles, Don Pedro de, sent to
Aguatulco to fight the English
(1580) IX. 433.
Rohucke, see Roebuck.
Robyns, Philip, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.
Roca Partida, course from, to S.

Juan d'Ulloa, x. 322.
Roche, La, see Roberval.
Roche Ferrierc, La, see La Roche

Ferriere.
Roche, Philip, master of the Ragged

Staff (1576) X. 83; death of, 87.
Rochelle, 'La, in. 210; wine of, 11.
117; Spanish ships on the coast
of (1588) IV. 230; salt factory at,
VIII. hi; ships from, Charles
Leigh and (1597) 174; meridian
of, " compared to that of New
France, 281 ; Roberval's depar-
ture from (1542) 283; Captain
Gourgues returns to (1568) ix.
no; captain from, after the siege
of Pernambuco (1595) xi. 53; pro-
posed fleet from (1597) 67.
Rochester Assizes, xii. 86.
Rock, the, of Lisbon, English
fleet sent to (1591) vii. 56; Sir
John Burrough at the (1592) 108;
latitude of, x. 335; Sir Walter
Raleigh in sight ^6f (1595) 348.
Rockweed, along the shore of

Benin, vi. 456,
Rocquemado, Our Lady of, Jacques
Cartier's vow to (1535) viii. 247.
Rode, Albertus, consul of Thoren,
compensation for loss of life de-
manded by, II. 59.

Roderigo, Nicholas, taken prisoner
by Thomas Cavendish (1587) xi.
327; his account of Thomas de
Ersola's treason (1587) 331.

Rodmena, Henry Austell at (1585)

V- 325-

Rodondo, Monte, near Perak, in
Guinea, vi. 161.

Rodorigues, Friar John, and Qua-
bacondono (1591) xi. 435.

Rodwan, Alcayde, and Edmund
Hogan (1577) VI. 291.

Roe, King Arthur and, i. 6.

Roe, the, Peter Baker's bark, v.
190.

Roe, the, Hawes, captain of (1586)
XI. 203.

Roebarge, the, French ship, at Mina
(1557) VI. 217.

Roebuck, the, Sir John Burrough m
(1592) VII. 108; and the Madre de
Dios, 113.

Roebuck, the, of Sir Richard Gren-
ville's voyage to Virginia (1585)
VIII. 310.

Roebuck, the, Thomas Cavendish's
ship (1591) XI. 389, 397; distress
of, 391.

Rogarin, in Russia, 11. 420.

Roger of the Dead Sea, witness of
Edward L's great charter, i. 296.

Roger, called Malus Catulus, vice-
chancellor of Richard L (1191) iv.
328.

Roger, armourer of the Jesus, con-
demned to the galleys by the In-
quisition in Mexico (1575) ix. 428.

Rogers, Hugh, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Rogers, Simon, unlicensed English
merchant in Russia (1591) m. 426;
and William Turnbull, 426, 435.

Roges, Otho of, at Jaffa (1102) iv.
299.

Rogne, or Rognoso Bay, the Mari-
gold at (1593) VIII. 158; Charles
Leigh at (1597) 166; Jacques Car-
tier at, 260.
Rogneuse or Reguiso, see Rogne.
Rogneux, rendezvous of Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's fleet (1583) viii.
45.
Rognolfwaht, King Olaf at, i. 36 f. ;
Alexander, King of Scots at, 41.

376

INDEX

Roial, see Royal.

Roiall, Mount, see Montreal.

Roials of plate, see Royals.

Roidas, x. 408.

Roieze, in Francis de Robcrval's
voyage (1542) viii. 283; lieutenant
of the fort, 288.

Romadan Pasha, King^ of Tripolis
(15^3) V. 264, 274; and the Eng-
lish ships (1584) 281; Murad
Khan to (1584) 314; William Har-
borne to (1585) 316.

Romag^ers, regulations for Spanish,
XI. 443.

Romano, Cayo, marks of, described
in the Ruttier, x. 304, 305, 329.

Romanowich, Melcita, Russian
councillor (1583) in. 317, 336; Sir
Jerome Bowes imprisoned by,
326. 483; and Sir Jerome Bowes,
467.

Romany, see Roumania.

Rome, John de Piano Carpini's re-
turn to, I, 94; Canute's journey
to, 313; bishop of, II. 10; death
of Empress Helena at (337) iv.
272; Ingulf at (1064) 292; Prince
Edward at, received by the Pope
(1270) 366; John Foxe at, v. 164;
bishop of, and John Foxe (1577)
166; colonizing by, results of, viii.
447 ; sack of, Don Pedro de Val-
divia at the, xi. 277.

Romeguas, commander of the army
of Malta, and the liberation of
Captain Gourgues, ix. iii.

Romenal, see Romney, New.

Romesal Sound, Arthur Pet at
(1580) III. 300.

Romney, New, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I, 48, 297.

Romney, Old, i. 48.

Roncador, latitude of, x. 335.

Rone, see Rouen,

Roos, William, Lord de, and Jun-
g^ingen's ambassadors, 11. 27 f.,

36. 3<^-
Roots, found in Virginia (1586) viii.

364; in Florida, 451 ; used as food

by Amazon Indians, xi. 20.
Ropehouse, English, at Vologda

(1569) III. 113.^
Ropemakers, English, in Russia

(1557) n- 381-

XII 3

Ropes made of palm (ree bark, v.

379. 47(^-
Roponowini, see Parime lake.
Roquette, La, see La Rotiuette.
Rorebek, ship master, and Prussian

l)irates, 11. 62.
' Rosalynd,' by Thomas Lodge, xii.

108.
Rosar, Laurence Chapm.in at (1568)

III. 141.
Rosdnoska, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 325-

Rose, Christopher, merchant, in
Russia, II. 407.

Rose, the, of Danzig, Nicholas
Masse, master of (1577) vi. 231;
and the English ships, 233.

Rose Island in S. Nicholas Bay, in.
72, 73; Anliiony Jenkinson at,
170; Sir Jerome Bowes at (1583)
316; Sir Jerome Horsey at, 346.

Roserade, or high constable, in
Russia, III. 381.

Rosetta, near Alexandria, v. 330,
332, 333; the Nile at, vi. 36, 44.

Rosin, product of Cyprus, v. 125;
found in Virginia, viii. 3c;4.

Ross Bay, salt at (1587) vui. 387.

Rosse, Robert, quartermaster on the
Bona Espcrnnza (1553) 11. 212.

Rossetto, see Rosetta.

Rosso, Castle, Richard Wrag- at
(1593) VI. 94.

Riist, Isles of, Willoughby and, 11.
219, 246; situation of, 345; An-
thony Jenkinson 's lleet at, 415.

Rostock, Octher's probable discov-
ery of, 1. 14; compensation de-
manded by I'vUgland from, 11. 36,
60-71 ; Sir J(>rom(; Horsey at (1584)
in. 345; William Harborne at
(1588) VI. 58; soldiers of, n. 68;
hulk of, with Spanish g-oods, cap-
tured (1589) VI. 510.

Rostok, see Rostock.

Rostorke, see Rostock.

Rostov city, n. 420, 426 ; from S.
Nicholas Bay to, in. 68.

Rostov, province of Russia, in.

35«.

Roterodam, see Rotterdam.

Rolilo, w(Mght of Bussorah, vi. 13;
of Ormuz, 14; of Goa, 17; of
Cochin, 21; of Malacca, 21.

77 2 B

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Rotta, Spanish ships escaped to

(1588) IV. 254.
Rottenbury, Thomas, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 318.

Rotterdam, Henry Austell at (1585)

V. 328.

Rouble, silver Russian coin, 11. 274;

English rate of, 391.
Roue" or Erubi, weight of Aleppo,

VI. 10; of Ormuz, 14; of Goa,
18; of Malacca, 21.

Rouen, loss of, 11. 138; ship of, at
naval fight in Guinea (1557) vi.
223, (1577) 241; Stephen Bel-
linger of, and Richard Hakluyt,
XII. 76.

Roufifi, soldier left in Florida at the
first voyage of the French (1562)

IX. 53- '

Rougemont, Philip, of Amboise,
death of (1535) viii. 247.

Roumania (Walachia), i. 231, 269,
279 ; wheat brought to Rhodes from
Naples (1522) V. 8; William Har-
borne's journey through (1578)
169; Henry Austell in (1585) 328;
honey found in, vi. 27; the
Great, William Harborne in (1588)
58; Beglerbeg of, at the siege of
Rhodes (1522) v. 23; Michael,
prince of, and the bearers of the
Sultana's letter to Queen Eliza-
beth (1593) VI. 102.

Roundal, Laurence, master of the
John Evangelist (1557) 11. 380.

Round Islands, the, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 215.

Rouse, Abraham, survivor of the
Tohy (1593) viT. 129.

Rovigno, in Istria, John Locke at
(1553) ^^' 77> 104; Henry Austell
«t (1585) 322.

Row, John, of Saltash, his prizes

(1586) VI. 437.

Rowed, Richard, English agent
(1584) V. 275.

Rowit, Richard, merchant, on the
Merchant Royal (1586) vi. 52; and
Don Pedro de Leiva, 53.

Rowley, William, agent to the Mus-
covy Company (1566) iii. 80, 183;
licence granted to, 93 ; witness of
the privileges, 97; in the Moscow
fire, 170.

Rowli, chief Talapoyn in Pegu, v.

493-

Rowlie, Francis, Hassan Aga, son
of (1584) V. 282.

Rox, agent for the Muscovy Com-
pany, III. 183.

Roxellani or Russians, iii. 357.

Roxo Bay, Ralph Lane at (1585)
VIII. 313. ^

Roxo, Cape, in Africa, discovered by
Alouis de Cadomosta (1455) viii.
127.

Roxo, Cape, in California, discovered
by Captain Ulloa (1539) ix. 211.

Roxo, Cape, in Puerto Rico, x. 283 ;
Sir Robert Dudley at (1595) x.
210; marks of, in second Ruttier,
310; from, to Mona, 311; longi-
tude from, to Saona, 336.

Royal, coin in Algiers (1584) v. 271,
273; money of Mexico (1558) ix.
357; of plate, money of Babylon,

VI. 10; of Bussorah, 12; of Goa,.
19.

Royal, Cape, discovered by Jacques

Cartier (1534) viii. 190.
Royal Exchange, flagship of the

Earl of Cumberland's fleet (1593)

VII. 118; and the fight with Las
Cinque Llaguas, 120.

Royden, captain of the Red Rose
(1591) VII. 57.

Roydon, John, of Ipswich, and
Henry Morgan in Iceland (1586)
VII. 410.

Rozen, see Rosin.

R. T., owner of the Trinity, 11. 378.

Rubble, see Rouble.

Rubicho river, iii. 406.

Rubies in Florida, ix. 113.

Rubricis, see Rubruquis.

Rubruquis, Friar William de, sent
by S. Louis to the Tartar chiefs,
I. Hi., XII, 11; journey to Tartary
(1253) I. 229-293; and the mes-
sengers from Holy Land, 231 f. ;
journey to Sartach, 323 f. ; arrival
among the Tartars, 249 f. ; at the
court of Scacati, 251, 260; sufi"er-
ings, 253 f. ; and difficulties,
256 f. ; treachery of his interpreter,
257 ; received by Coiat at Sar-
tach's court, 261 f. ; leaves his
vestments in charge of Sartach,

378

INDEX

264 f. ; his journeys round the
Caspian Sea, 271 ; division of his
suite, 275 f. ; escort to Mangu
Khan, 277 f. ; as copyist, 277;
difficulties in getting horses, 280;
patience under hardships, 280 ; at
Kenchat, 282 ; on the Nestorians
and Idolaters, 285 f. ; and the Ar-
doh river. 11. 461 ; on the people
of Tibet, IV. 437.

Ruce, see Russia.

Ruddal, Sir Richard, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259,

Ruffinus, lib. i., cap, 9, viii. 104;
Edesius's account to, of the con-
quest of India, 105.

Rufoote, Henry, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Ruiz, Goncalo, de Cordova, John
Field's friend in Vera Cruz (1556)
IX. 346.

* Rulers, early, of Russia,' by Giles
Fletcher, in. 357.

Rumnie, James, master's mate on
the Matthew Gonson (1535) v. 68.

Rupert, King of the Romans, arbi-
trator between England and Prus-
sia, II. 92.

Rupibus, Petrus de, see Peter des
Roches.

Rurek, see Rurik.

Rurico, see Rurik.

Rurik, conquers and civilises Rus-
sia, II. 183; his descendants, 184;
first ruler of Russia, iii. 357.

Rushen Abbey, Isle of Man, founda-
tion of, I. 30 ; Mirescoge Monas-
tery and the abbey of, 32, 33; the
abbey of, temporarily removed to
Douglas (1192) 33; besieged by
Robert Bruce, King of Scots, 41.

Rushin, see Rushen.

Rushtails, birds near the Cape of
Good Hope, vi. 380.

Russ, Anthony, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Russdorff, Paulus a, twenty-sixth
master of the Dutch knights, 11.
8.

Russe, Laurence van, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 70.

Russell, Francis, Earl of Bedford,
and the liberation of Thomas
Sanders (1584) v. 306, 311; and

Cabot's geographical tables at
Cheinies, vii. 194.
Russell, John, Earl of Bedford,
keeper of the Privy Seal (1553) 11.

304. 356.

Russell, John, and Prussian pirates,
II. 60.

Russell, John, musician of the Sun-
shine of London (1585) vii. 382.

Russell, Sir John, and the war
against the Saracens (1390) iv.

451-

Russell, Thomas, in Edward Fen-
ton's voyage (1582) xi. 178.

Russell, William, of the Sunshine of
London (1585) vii. 382.

Russia, I. 76, 242, 256, 307; King
Arthur and, 6; John de Piano
Carpini travels through 94, 159,
179; Tartars and, 152; Basil,
duke of, 159, 179; Daniel, duke
of, 159, 179; converted to Christi-
anity under Vladimir (988) II.
184; tributary to Tartary (1237)
186 ; freed from Tartar vassalage,
189; fictitious rights of, over
Livonia, 189; products of, 224 f. ;
Richard Chancellor on, 224-238;
court etiquette in, 226 f. , 255 f.,
421; churches, 226, 254, 268, 346,
422, 440; houses and apparel in,
226, 255, 269; table etiquette, 227,
257, 293, 421; army and weapons
in, 229; sumptuousness of the
Emperor and nobles in, 229 f.,
259 f., 431; hardiness of the
soldiers in, 230, 258; autocratic
government in, 231 f. , 260; ad-
ministration of justice in, 233,
263; and Crim Tartar, 233, 438;
condition of the poor in, 235 f. ;
their indifference to freedom, 264;
religious superstitions in, 236 f.,
265 ; monks, and their customs in,
238, 265, 267; Richard Chancellor
in. 255; army discipline in, 258;
privileges granted to English mer-
chants in, 271 ; coins, weights,
and measures used in, 273; pro-
ducts of, brought to Bokhara, 473 ;
her power increased by English
trade, 486; Rurik, and the civilisa-
tion of, 183 ; government and re-
ligion of, 193 ; discovery by Chan-

379

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

cellor of (1553) 239, 249; descrip-
tion of, 251; products of, 253;
Anthony Jenkinson's journey to,
III. 92, 196; and privileges of Eng-
lish merchants (1567) 63 ; products
of, 104 ; privileges of the Muscovy
Company iii. 108-119, (1588) 348;
Anthony Jenkinson in, 196; mis-
understanding with England
(1572) 175-179; description of, by
Giles Fletcher (1588) 357; or Sar-
matia, 357; borders of, 358;
breadth and length, 359; army,
379-384 ; soil and climate, 360 ;
conquests of, 386 ; administra-
tion of conquests, 388; coun-
try of the Crim Tartars, 399;
Permians and Samoyedes, subject
to, 402 ; Lapps, subject to, 403 ;
journey to the coast of, by Sigis-
mund ab Herberstein, 405 ; private
and household officers of the Em-
peror of, 413 ; dress of nobles,
416; ladies, 418; moujiks, 419;
unlicensed English merchants in,
426 ; and Sir John Hart, 439 ; de-
scription of the coast of, by Octher
(871) VII. 164; climate of, 268;
grass of, 288 ; snow in, viii. 57 ;
English trade in, by Captain
Carleill (1583) 135; Michael,
duke of, I. 60; Jaroslav, duke
of, 60, 85 ; Andreas, duke
of, 61, and the Tartar horses,
139 f. ; Grand Duke of, at the Tar-
tar Court, 138 ; Jaroslav, duke of,
65; his servants at Kaiuk's court,
170; death, 175; Emperor of (Ivan
Vasiliwich), and Richard Chancel-
lor, II. 255 ; letters from, 271 ; his
presents to and from Queen Mary,
360-361 ; Queen Elizabeth's letter
to (1561) III. 3; marriage of, 16;
Anthony Jenkinson and, 37, 92 ;
Queen Elizabeth's present to
(1568) 106; and the Muscovy Com-
pany, 108, 119; and the Moscow
f^re, 170; death of (1583) 325, 483 ;
and Sir Jerome Bowes, 463-483 ;
claims Elizabeth's promise of help
against his enemies, 468, 471,
473' 479» 481 ; new Emperor of
(Feodor Ivanowich), his corona-
tion, 336-345 ; English merchants

in favour with, 421; and Sir
Jerome Horsey, 423 ; his letter to
Queen Elizabeth (1591) 432-434,
484 ; and Sir John Hart, 439 ; and
Dr. John Dee (1586) 445, 447;
death of (1597) 448; Emperor of
(Boris Feodorowich) (1597), 449.

' Russian Commonwealth,' by Giles
Fletcher, iii. 356.

Russians, i. 76, 86; in Orna,
I. 152 ; Russian ambassadors
to Pope Innocent IV., 179;
the use of mare's milk, 252,
263 ; dress of, 259 ; Sartach and,
269 ; Rubruquis in fear of am-
bushes from, 270 ; characteristics
of, II. 423 ; description of, by
George Turberville (1568) iii. 124-
131; physical description of, 415-
419.

Russin, see Rushen Abbey.

Rustan Pasha, son-in-law of the
Great Turk, viii. 470.

Rutheni, see Russians.

Ruthenians, see Russians.

Rutland, Earl of, and Don Ferdi-
nando's ambassador (1527) v. 61.

Rutter, Rafe, Russian translator, iii,
97 ; privileges withdrawn from,
118; death of his children, 169;
English rebel, 178; unfaithful
servant of the Muscovy Company,
184; sent out of Russia, 191,
194.

Rutter, William, to Anthony Hick-
man (1562) VI. 258.

Ruttier, or sailing directions, for
West Indies, Terra Firma, and
New Spain, x. 280-305 ; second,
from S. Lucar to New Spain, 306-
337; for Brazil, xi. 73-83; to
Magellan Straits, 85-90; from the
Isle of S. Catelina to the Plate
river, 96-101.

Ruvia, found in Chalangi, vi. 25.

Ruyz, Friar Augustin, voyage of,
and his discovery of New Mexico
(1581) IX. 169-185, 186-204; depar-
ture of, with eight soldiers for un-
known countries (1581) 187; mur-
dered in Poala, in Antigua (1582)

195-
Ryazan, province of Russia, iii. 358;
fertility of, 360 ; ruins of, 412 ;

38<

INDEX

source of the Don in, ii. 454; An- S
thony Jenkinson in, iii. 196.
Rye, ships from, in Edward III.'s S
fleet, I. 298; Guinea expedition
stops at (1554) VI. 155; James
Lancaster's return to (1594) 407. S

5. Agatha, see 5. Agueda.

S. Agueda, the, Spanish ship, dis- S
coveries by (1539) ix. 207; Cap- S
tain Ulloa in the, 232 ; in a storm,
243 ; returns to New Spain (1540) S

275-
S. Albe5^ne, in France, lodging of S

King Lyon of Armenia at (1386) S

IV. 445.
S. Alexio, Island, latitude of, xi.

75- S

S. Aloise Cape, discovered by

Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 205. S
S. Andr^, Cape of, mentioned in

Ruttier for Magellan Straits, xi. S

86.
S. Andr6, Rio de, in Guinea, Wil-
liam Towerson at (1557) vi. 215; S

English merchants at (1562) 259.
S. Andrea, rock near Dalmatia, v.

78.
5. Andrew, the, captured by the

English in the Cadiz expedition

(1596) IV. 249.
S. Andrew, Ancon de or Haven of,

taken possession of, by Captain

Ulloa (1539) IX. 218.
S. Andrew, chapel of, in Patras, vi.

40.
S. Andrew Island (off Caracas), lati-
tude of, X. 335.
S. Andrew Island (off Mexico),

provisions obtained by Thomas

Cavendish at (1587) xi. 322, 369;

latitude of, 350 ; anchorage at,

373-
S. Andrew's town, in Palma Islands,

VI. 132. S,

S. Angelo, Monte, on the coast of

Apulia, John Locke and (1553) v. S,

79-
S. Anna, in Cartagena, x. 139.
5. Anna, the, Michael Sancius's in- S,

formation concerning (1587) xi.

319; met by Thomas Cavendish's S,

ships (1587) 324, 369; surrenders,

325-

381

. Anna, Os Baixos de, mentioned
in the Ruttier for Brazil, xi. 73.

. Anna, Punta de, mentioned in
Ruttier for Magellan Straits, xi.
90.

. Anna, Rio de, mentioned in
Ruttier for Magellan Straits, xi.
86.

. Anthonie, Cape, see S. Antonio.

. Anthony, Cape of, see S. An-
tonio.

. Anthony, gardens of, in Rhodes,
Allibey at the (1522) v. 23.

. Anthony, Island, see S. Antonio.

. Anthony, monastery of, friars of,
and Feliciano Cieza (1597) xi. 70;
his sentence against them, 71.

. Anthony's Port, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 188.

. Antonio, Portuguese ship from
Crete, v. 66.

. Antonio, Cape, in Brazil, men-
tioned in Ruttier from river Plate,
XI. 85 ._

. Antonio, Cape, in Cuba, viii. 408,
IX. 44, 167, X. 46; John White at
(1590) VIII. 411; Captain Gour-
gues at (i567)ix. loi ; Sir Francis
Drake at (1583) x. 127; the Con-
tent at (1591) 182; William King
at (1592) 192 ; Sir Amyas de Pres-
ton at (1595) 225; Sir Thomas
Baskerville off (1596) 242, 244;
flight of the English fleet round,
reported by Don Bernaldino Del-
gadillo (1596) 251; Sir Anthony
Sherley's course towards (1597)
276; latitude of, 286, 333; marks
of, described in the Ruttier, 286,
293; in second Ruttier, 316;
course from, to New Spain, 294;
course from Cape Corrientes to,
2Zi; longitude from, to the
Nigrillos, 337.

. Antonio, Cape Verde Island, Wil-
liam Towerson at (1577) vi. 250.

. Antonio, church, near Lisbon, Sir
Roger Williams and (1589) vi.
501.

. Antonio, Os Baixos de, men-
tioned in Ruttier, xi. 80.

. Augustine, Cape of, 11. 177,
XI. 20, 250 ; Captain Lancaster at
(1595) 47; mentioned in Ruttier,

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

74 ; description of, 75 ; Sir Fran-
cis Drake in sight of (1579) 162;
latitude of, 351.

S. Augustine, fort in Florida, sacked
by Sir F. Drake (1586) viii. 346,
XII. 62 ; Pedro Morales at, ix. 112 ;
Nicholas Burgoignon at, 113;
ordnance captured at, by Sir Fran-
cis Drake (1586) x. 130, 134.

S. Augustine Island, latitude of, ix.

33^-

S. Aumond, Almerike de, his voy-
age to Syria (1240) iv. 352.

S. Austine Cape, see S. Augustine.

S. Avis Bay, at Cape Blanco, Sir
John Hawkins at (1564) x. 14.

S. Barbara, mines of, ix. 187.

S. Barnardo Islands, marks of, de-
scribed in the Ruttier, x. 292.

S. Bartholomew Island (West In-
dies), latitude of, x. 333.

S. Bartholomew Island (in Strait of
Magellan), named by Sir Francis
Drake (1578) xi. 158.

S. Bartholomew valley, dwelling-
place of Friar Augustine Ruyz
(1581) IX. 186; Antonio de Espejo
and Friar Bernardin Beltran in
(1583) 203; John Chilton in (1568)

364-

S. Benitos, garments for heretics,
description of (1557) ix. 348, 427;
of Robert Tomson, exposed in
Mexico church (1557) 350; exposed
in the church Ecclesia Major, in
Mexico, 431.

S. Bernard Cape, Stephen Borough
and (1556) II. 326.

S. Bernardo, the, Spanish carrack
(1592) VII. 112.

S. Botulphs' town, see Boston.

S. Brandon Island, supposed to be
Madeira, vi. 135.

S. Bras, Agoada de, harbour of, vi.
388.

S. Camilla, Sir Anastase de, knight
of Rhodes, and Domingo de Four-
nati (1522) V. 11; death of, 32.

S. Catalina Island (off Haiti),
marks of, described in second Rut-
tier, X, 311.

S. Catelina, one of the Leeward
Islands, latitude of, x. 335.

S. Catharina Island, Stephen Hare

at (1581) XI. 34; mentioned in

Ruttier for Magellan Straits, 84;

Spanish fleet at (1582) 93, 268;

description of, 96 ; situation of,

251.
S. Catherina, La Calle, in Mexico,

X. 420.
S. Catherine, ship of Fernando

Alarchon (1540) ix. 279.
S. Christopher, Leeward Island,

John White in sight of (1590)

VIII. 407 ; Spanish possessions

(1564) IX. 5; Sir Francis Drake
at (1585) X. no, (1595). 229.

5. Christopher o, the, Spanish car-
rack (1592) VII. 112.

S. Clara, Cape, latitude of, xi. 350;
from, to the Ladrones, 363.

S. Clara of Biscay, the, taken by
Sir Walter Raleigh's fleet (1592)
VII. 105 ; freight of, 108.

S. Clement's Monastery, Southam
and Sparke at (1566) iii. 79, 81.

S. Cler, sentry of Fort Caroline

(1565) IX. 94.

SS. Cosmas and Damian, church of,
V. 18.

S. Cretice, Piero de, ambassador of
the people of Rhodes to Solyman
(1522) V. 54, 56.

S. Croix, see Holy Cross.

S. Cruz, Marquess of, see Bagan,
Alvaro.

S. Cruz, in California, ix. 122 ; Cap-
tain Ulloa at (1539) 208, 225.

S. Cruz, in Flores Island, descrip-
tion of (1589) VII. 4; Sir John
Burrough at (1592) no; survivors
of the Tohy at (1593) 128.

S. Cruz, in Teneriffe, vi. 124, 131,
266; the Lion at (1552) 138; the
May Flower at, 267 ; English mer-
chants at, 268 ; Henry Roberts at
(1588) 427; Sir John Hawkins at
(1564) X. 12 ; Christopher New-
port at (1591) 184; Sir Thomas
Baskerville at (1596) 245; With-
rington at (1586) xi. 204.

S. Cruz Island (West Indies), John
White at (1587) viii. 387, (1590)
406; Cacique's sons run away
from the English at, 409; Sir
Robert Dudley at (1594) x. 203,
(1595) 210; latitude of, marks de-

38:

INDEX

scribed in the Ruttier, 283 ; from S,
Montserrat to, marks of, in second
Ruttier, 310; latitude of, 333; S.
longitude from, to Cape Roxo, 336.

S. Cruz, Point of, or Punta de S,
Balenes, ix. 269.

S. Cruz, Sierras de, or Punta de S,
Samblas, x. 290.

S. Cruz, the, taken by Sir Walter
Raleigh's fleet (1592) vii. 105; S
burnt by her own crew, iii.

S. Cruz la Real, near Panama, town
of Negro Maroons (1587) x.
149.

S. Denis, in France, S. Albeyne
near, iv. 445. S.

S. Domingo Island, see Hispaniola.

S. Domingo, town, sacked by Sir
Francis Drake (1586) viii. 346; S.
English ship at, x. 4; attacked
by Sir Francis Drake's forces S.
(1586) III; taken, 112; burnt and
ransomed, 114; description of the S.
inhabitants of, 125 ; ordnance cap-
tured at, by Sir Francis Drake
(1586) 134; harbour, 283; from, S.
312; longitude from, to Ocoa,
in second Ruttier, 336; death of S.
Jeronimo de Ortal at, 497.

S. Domingo river, William King at S.

(1592) X. 191. ^

S. Domingo, village, in S. lago S.

Island, Sir Francis Drake at

(1585) X. 107. S.

S. Dunstan's Island, discovered by

Stephen Borough (1556) 11. 323.
S. Edmund's Point, Stephen Bor- S.

ough and (1556) 11. 326.
S. Elmo's fire, ix. 345; seen on the

Trinity (1539) 228. S.

S. Eufemia's Church at Rovigno, v.

77. S.

S. F^, in Cumana, Sir John

Hawkins at, for water (1565) x. S.

27. S.

S. F6, town on the river Plate (1587)

XI. 208, 254, 285.
S. F^ de Bogota, see Bogota.
S. Fee, see S. F6. S.

S. Francis, Friar Marco de Niga,

of the order of, ix. 125. S.

S. Francis, Cape, in Newfoundland,

VIII. 50, 158; the Marigold at S.

(1593) 160. '

383

Francis, city in Cartagena, x.

139-

Francis, church of, in Nega-
patam, v. 400.

Francis, new kingdom of, see
Cevola.

Francis, place of, chief street of
Seville, English prisoners judged
in (1570) IX. 463.

Francisco, Cape, capture of the
Cacafuego, Juan de Anton, a
Biscayan, being master, by Sir
Francis Drake, at, xi. 264 ; lati-
tude of, 349 ; from, to Cape
Blanco, 361.

Francisco Island, conspiracy
against Andrew Barker in (1576)
x. 86. ^

Francisco, Nuevo Reyno de, see
Cevola.

Francisco river, xi. 250 ; men-
tioned in Ruttier for Brazil, 84.

Gabriel, Spanish ship for carry-
ing army provisions in the West
Indies (1540) ix. 280.

George Bay, wrecks found in
(1594) VIII. 163.

George Island (Azores), see S.
Jorge.

George's Channel, Captain Lau-
donniere in (1565) ix. 98.

George's Cross, English flag

(1586) VI. 435.

George's Island, in Strait of
Magellan, named by Sir Francis
Drake (1578) xi. 158, 160.

George's Islands, off coast of
Russia, Stephen Borough and

(1557) II. 370.
George's Monastery, in Cairo

(1587) VI. 37.

Georgius, in the Holy Land, iv.
362.

Germaine, see S. German.

German's Bay, Puerto Rico, Sir
Richard Grenville at (1585) viii.
313; fertility of, 389; port of,
English ship in (1517) X. 4, 5.

German's Islands, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 212.

Giles, Prou John de Bidoux, prior
of, see Bidoux.

Graviel Islands, mentioned in
Ruttier for river Plate, xi. 97.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

S. Gregorio, Cape de, Indians of,
XI. 90.

S. Helena, in Florida, ix. 112; lati-
tude of, 113; Pedro Melendez,
governor of (1586) x. 131.

S. Helena, Isle of, description of,

VI. 33; John Segar on (1593)
402 ; products of, 402 ; watering-
place for Portuguese ships (1592) S.

VII. 112; Englishman found by
the Edward Bonaventure on (1593)
197; latitude of, xi. 343, 351;
Thomas Cavendish at (1588) 343,
370; church in, 343; products of,
344; fowls in, 345; settled by S.
Portuguese, 346; from, to Flores,
366; anchorage at, 373. S.

S. Helen's chapel, in Jerusalem, v.
211.

S. Hypolittos, fair of, in Mexico, ix.
380.

S. lago Island (Cape Verde), lati-
tude of, VI. 276 ; colonized by
Alouis de Cadomosta (1455) viii. S.
127; Sir Francis Drake at (1585)
x. 103 ; description and products S.
of, 105 ; ordnance captured at, by S.
Sir Francis Drake (1586) x. 134;
voyage of Sir Anthony Sherley to S.
(1596) 266, 268, 276; latitude of,
335, XI. 152 ; description of, xi.
105; Nuno da Silva at (1578) 133, S.
138; Sir Francis Drake at (1577)
152 ; sacked by Drake (1585) xii. S.
62.

S. lago, town in Chili, xi. 276; S.
sacked by Sir Francis Drake
(1578) 114; Valparaiso, port of S.
261; or Mapocha, 276; descrip- S.
tion of, 278 ; bark from, taken
by Thomas Cavendish (1587) 309. S.

S. lago de Colima, Mexico, port
of, the S. Agueda at (1540), lati- S.
tude of, IX. 278; Captain Ulloa at S.
(1539) IX. 207; Captain Alarchon
at (1540) 279, 318; Captain Gualle
at (1584) 337; from, to Navidad,
XI. 362 ; anchorage at, 373 ; bay S.
of, latitude of, xi. 321; Thomas
Cavendish at, 321, 369. S.

S. lago de Cuba, in Cuba Island,
IX. 368; taken by Christopher
Carlelll (1585) x. 104; description
of, 105 ; burnt by Sir Francis

384

Drake (1585) 109; plan of, en-
graving of, 112; description of,
taken by Sir Francis Drake (1585)
269 ; note taken by Sir Anthony
Sherley (1596) 270; mentioned by
the Ruttier, 285 ; longitude from,
to Cape de Cruz, 336 ; latitude of,
XI. 350.

lago de Leon, taking of, by Sir
Amyas de Preston (1595) x. 218 f.,
341, 364; ransom offered for, to
Sir Amyas de Preston, 221 ; burnt
by Sir Amyas de Preston (1595)
222 ; on Caracas coast, 377.

lago de los Valles, John Chilton
at (1572) IX. 373.

Ives (Cornwall), Henry Roberts
lands at (1589) vi. 428; return of
M. H ore's expedition to New-
foundland to (1536) VIII. 7; Sir
Robert Dudley at (1595) x. 210;
Sir Francis Drake in sight of
(1579) XI. 162.

Izabella Island, discovered by
x\lvares de Mendanio, xi. 288.

James in Galicia, see Santiago.

James, fair of, in Mexico, ix.
380.

James river, or the river of S.
Jacques, discovered by Jacques
Cartier (1534) viii. 188.

James's Island, discovered by
Stephen Borough (1556) 11. 336.

Jerome, channel of, Thomas
Cavendish through (1587) xi. 300.
Jerome, river, in Magellan
Straits, xi. 357.

John, in Patmos, vi. 107.

John, Don Luis de, killed in fight
off Flores Island (1591) vii. 47.

John, knights of, leave Acre, 11.
6.

John, fair of, in Mexico, ix. 380.

John de Anton, ship of, taken by
Sir Francis Drake (1579) xi. 146;
letter from Sir Francis Drake con-
cerning, 147.

John de la Fountaine, church of,
in Rhodes, v. 19, 24.

John de Luz, ship from, English
ship-wrecked mariners in (1583)
VIII. 88; Basques of, 161; Basques
of, and Charles Leigh (1597) 177;
mariners from, and the passage,

INDEX

and Christopher Carleill (1585) x. S.
100.

S. John de Ullua, see S. Juan S
d'Ulloa.

S. John, Cape, discovered by Jacques
Cartier (1534) viii. 191.

S. John Harbour, taken possession
of, in Queen Elizabeth's name,
VIII. 53; Sir Humphrey Gilbert's
fleet leaves, 62, 85 ; Sir Humphrey
Gilbert's arrival at (1590) viii. 89;
the Golden Hind meets the Squir-
rel at (1583) 511; the Delight at
(1583) XII. 37 ; Drake's attempt to
reach (1596) xii. 66.

S. John Island, Newfoundland, dis-
covered by John and Sebastian
Cabot (1497) VII. 146.

S. John Island, see Puerto Rico.

S. John Port, from, to Rio Lexo,
XI. 362.

S. John's Cape, Stephen Borough at
(1556) II. 328, 330; latitude of,
332.

S. John's Church, at Rhodes, and
the tombs of the Grand Masters,

V. 59.
S. John's Fort, in Florida, Sir

Francis Drake's landing at (1586)

X. 128; taken, 130.
S. John's Island, off coast of Russia,

Stephen Borough at (1557) 11. 368,

370. S

S. John's Islets, in S. Lawrence

Gulf, discovered by Jacques Car- S

tier (1535) VIII. 216.
S. John's Road, Roberval and S

Jacques Cartier at (1542) viii.

284. ^ S

S. John's Town, in Guinea, vi. 194,

195-

S. Jorge Island, vii. 10; George
Fenner at (1567) vi. 280; English
fleet at (1589) vii. 17; Dutch
ships at (1589) 63; Spanish and
Portuguese ships wrecked at S
(1591) 86; John White in sight of
(1590) viii. 422; or Sayles Island,
latitude of, x. 299, 334. S

S. Josepho, in Venezuela, taken by
Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 341,

353-
S. Juan de Colorado, the, Spanish S
ship (1589) VI. 472-483.

385

, Juan de Puerto Rico, see Puerto
Rico.

, Juan d'Ulloa, vn. 20; Sir John
Hawkins and the Spaniards at,
Hawkins and the Spaniards

VIII. 315; island and port,
Spanish fort built in (1590)

IX. 204, 205, 359, 403; port
of Mexico, storm in (1556) 343;
Robert Tomson at, 346 ; descrip-
tion of, by Robert Tomson (1558)
353 ; by Henry Hawks, 378 ; John
Chilton in (1568) 361; the Jesus
of Liibeck left in (1578) 365; mer-
chant port, 375 ; latitude, 378, 402 ;
Sir John Hawkins and Drake in

(1567) 402, 450, XII. 49; fight in
the port of, between English and
Spaniards, ix. 406, xii. 50 ; salt of
Panuco sent to, ix. 415 ; Don Luys
Suares sent to, to fight the English
(1580) 433; Augustin de Villa-
nueva at, 451 ; English prisoners
leave (1570) 460; latitude of, x.
67? 334 ; Sir John Hawkins at

(1568) 67; castle of, mentioned in
the Ruttier, 295 ; latitude of the
harbour of, 297; harbour of, in
the second Ruttier, 316; course
from Roca Partida to, 322 ; course
from, to Spain, 323; longitude
from, to the Tortugas, 337.

. Juan river, mentioned in Ruttier,
XI. 97.

. Julian, near Cascaes, vi. 506;
Spanish army at (1589) 508.

. Julian Bay, in Newfoundland,
VIII. 190.

. Julian, Port (Patagonia), descrip-
tion of, XI. 88; and the gibbets
set up by Magellan, xi. 109, 157;
discovered by Magellan, 255; Sir
Francis Drake at, execution of
Doughty at, 260, xii. 56 ; latitude

of, 349-

. Katherine, born in old Fama-
gusta, V. 95 ; bath of, in Alex-
andria (1586) VI. 44.

. Katherine 's haven and island, in
Newfoundland, Jacques Cartier in
(1534) VIII. 183; description of,
186.

, Katherine's Mount, Earl of Hunt-
ington at (1399) IV. 453.

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

S. Kelmes, English fleet at (1589) S.
VII. 26.

S. Laurence, Cape, from, to S. Fran-
cisco Cape, XI. 361.

S. Laurence, Gulf of, discovered
by Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 144,
156; voyage of the Grace to (1594)
162 ; discovered by Jacques Car-
tier (1535) 183-272.

S. Laurence Island, see Madagas-
car.

S. Laurence, river in Canada, near
Newfoundland, viii. 55 ; voyage
of the English to, viii. i, 210;
fresh water in, 280.

S. Laurence, river in Newfoundland,
discovered by Richard Clarke
(1583) viii. 88; Charles Leigh at
(1597) 176. S.

S. Lazarus Islands, mentioned in S.
Ruttier, xi. 98.

5. Lorenzo, the, at Goa (1580) vi. S.

33-

S. Lucar, in Andalusia, the Jesus S.
at (1584) V. 293; Thomas
Midnall at, vi. 124; Spanish S.
West Indian fleet at (1589)
VII. 68; Spanish fleet in (1592)
108; Robert Tomson and John
Field's departure from (1555) ix.
339 ; escape of Job Hortop from S.
(1590) 464; Thomas Midnall and
William Ballard at (1526) x. 6;
bar of, 300; letter to the com-
mander of (1594) 433; letter to
merchants of, 434. S.

S. Lucas, El Cabo de, in California,
XI. 323 ; latitude of, ix. 336 ;
Thomas Cavendish at, xi. 369; S.
port, anchorage at, 373.

S. Lucia (Cape Verde), see S. S.
Luzia.

S. Lucia (West Indies), Laurence
Keymis at (1596) x. 478.

S. Luis de Tampice, town near Pan- S.
uco river, x. 318.

S. Lunario's Bay, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 196.

S. Luzia (Cape Verde Island), lati-
tude of, X. 332 ; William Tower-
son at (1577) VI. 249. S.

S. Magnus, Sound of, in Orkney
Islands, Captain Frobisher at
(1577) VII. 286; abbey of, 287.

386

Malo, II. 118, 120; ship from,
captured by the English (1589) vii.
I ; another ship from, captured by
the Victory, 13 ; voyage to the
Western Planting by merchants of
(c. 1581) VIII. 118; departure of
the French fleet from (1591) 150;
ships from, at the discovery of
Ramea, 155 ; voyage of Bretons
of, 161 ; ships from, in Halabo-
lina harbour (1597) 167; Charles
Leigh and the merchants from,
168; Jacques Cartier 's departure
from (1534) 183, 240; and return
to, 209, (1536) 260; bishop of, and
Jacques Cartier (1535) 210; ships
prepared at, for the third voyage
of Jacques Cartier (1540) 264.

Margaret at Cliffe, Kent, i. 48.

Maria de Cassopo, church of, v.
103.

Maria de la Croce, monastery, at
Zante, v. 82.

Maria of St. Vincent, the, Bis-
cayan ship (1597) viii. 174.

Maria, Cape (Brazil), mentioned
in Ruttier for river Plate, latitude
of, XI. 85, 97; described in Rut-
tier, 97, 99; near the river Plate,

153-

Maria, Cape (Spain), William
Harborne at (1583) v. 243; men-
tioned in the Ruttier, x. 299 ;
longitude from, to Sal Medina,

337-

Maria, Cape of (West Indies),
mutinous soldiers of Captain Lau-
donniere at (1564) ix. 43.

Maria, Cavo de, in Albania, v.
102.

Maria Island (Azores) vi. 250;
English fleet at, vii. 15, 16; Earl
of Cumberland at (1589) 65; lati-
tude of, x. 300, 335.

Maria Island (Chile), Thomas
Cavendish at (1587) xi. 302, 367;
latitude of, 349, 358, 402 ; from,
to Conception Bay, 360 ; anchor-
age at, 372 ; the Desire's intended
course to (1592) 402.

Maria Port, near S. Lucar
(Spain), Miles Philips at (1580) ix.
444; Sir Francis Drake's pilot
taken at (1579) xi. 117.

INDEX

S. Maria, town, in Mexico, Anthony S.

Godard and his men taken

prisoners to (1568) ix. 417. S.

S. Marie, Captain, his advice about

the Spanish ships in Florida (1565) S,

IX. 90.
S. Marie, Cape, in Newfoundland, S.

VIII. 163; the Grace at (1594) 165;
Charles Leigh at (1597) 178.

S. Marie Port, Newfoundland,

Charles Leigh lands at (1597) viii.

181.
S. Mark, beheaded at Alexandria,

VI. 44.
S. Marta (Spanish West Indian

port), Sir John Hawkins at (1568)

IX. 450; latitude of (1587) x. 135;
safe course for the Spanish fleet
to, advised by Baptist Antonio
(1587) 136; fortifications of, 136;
taken, and burnt by Sir Francis
Drake (1595) 236; taken by Sir
Anthony Sherley (1597) 273 ; sacked
by Agira, 363 ; Rio Grande falls

to the sea by, 368; description S.

of, XI. 237.
S. Martha's Islands, Canada, dis- S.

covered by Jacques Cartier (1535)

VIII. 212. S,

S. Martin, Mexico, latitude of the

island near, ix. 336; mines in, S.

358 ; Spanish goods carried from

Vera Cruz to (1572) 379. S.

S. Martin, Cape of, in Rhodes, v.

16.
S Martin Hills, latitude of, Pan de S.

Minsapa in, x. 296; described in

second Ruttier, 317, 322. S.

S< Martin Island, latitude of, x.

333-
S. Martin's Creek, discovered by

Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 197.
St. Mary's Hospital of Jerusalem,

Prussia conquered by the Knights

of, I. 256.
S. Mary's Monastery in Cairo (1587)

VI. 37.
S. Matthew Island, discovered by

the Portuguese, viii. 127. S.

5. Matthew, the, Don Diego Pimen-

telli in (1588) iv. 226.
5. Matthew, the, captured by the

English in the Cadiz expedition

(1596) IV. 249.

387

Maxim's, in Moscow, English
house at (1569) iii. in, 351.

Michael Archangel, see Arch-
angel.

Michael of Culiacan, see Culia-
can.

Michael, one of the Azores
Islands, vi. 250, vii. 3 ; William
Towerson at (1557) vi. 230; gover-
nor of, taken prisoner by the Eng-
lish (1585) 434; Sir Francis Drake
at (1587) 438,442; English fleet at,

VII. II, 15; Spanish fleet damaged
by the storm near (1591) 49;
Portuguese ship at (1590) 75;
earthquake in (1591) 79; Spanish
and Portuguese ships wrecked at,
86; Sir John Burrough at (1592)
109; Earl of Cumberland's fleet
at (1594) 119; the Marigold at
(1593) 160; John White in sight
of (1590) 422; latitude of, x. 335;
longitude from, to Cape S. Vin-
cent, 337,

Michael, monastery on the Dvina,
III. 73.

Michael, Valley of, John Chilton
in (1572) IX. 374.

Michael's Mount, in Cornwall,

VIII. 401.

Miguel de Neveri, on the coast of
Paria, x. 363.

Misericordia Commissaria, house
in Portuguese cities in India, v.

447-

Nappa, turret of, at Famagusta,
V. 132, 135, 140.

Nicholas Abbey, in Russia, iii.
73, 81 ; Stephen Borough at, 11.
363 ; Osep Napea at, 426 ; Anthony
Jenkinson at (1561) iii. 15, (1566)
92 ; distance to, from certain
places in Russia, 63-70; main port
of the Muscovy Company, 90, 157;
description of, 102, 206; Thomas
Randolph at, 102, 108; discovery
of, VII. 164; in the Arctic Zone,
276.

Nicholas Bay, 11. 401, 417, 425;
discovered by Chancellor, 248;
English ships in, 320, 342, 350,

351. 375. 390. 417^ 418, 425;
Anthony Jenkinson at, iii. 15, 92 ;
William Borough at the discovery

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

of, 2io; discovered by the Edward

Bonaventure, 331; Oliver at, 454;

strong sea currents in, vii. 337.
S. Nicholas, Cape, Charles de la Bar-

botiere and Captain Lancaster at

(1593) X. 200; mentioned in the

Ruttier, 301.
S. Nicholas Haven, discovered by

Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 213.
S. Nicholas Island, near the Can-
aries, English ships at (1553) vi.

147; William Towerson at (1577)

249.
S. Nicholas Tower, in Rhodes, and

the Turkish Mantlets (1522) v.

24.
S. Nicolo Island, near Parenzo, v.

104.
S. Osyth, Willoughby's fleet at, 11.

217.
S. Panthalion, church of, in Rhodes,

V. 41.
S. Paul and the governor of Paphos

in Cyprus, vi. 108; quotation from

I. Corinthians ix. 11, viii. 119.
S. Paul, low land described in the

Ruttier, x. 295.
S. Paul, mountains mentioned in

second Ruttier, x. 320.
5. Paul, the, ship of Don Alonso

de Bagan (1591) vn. 81.
S. Paulo, Morro de, mentioned in

Ruttier, xi. 76.
S. Paul's Cape, discovered by

Jacques Cartier (1536), latitude of,

VIII. 260.
S. Paul's Cathedral, Spanish en-
signs and colours in (1588) iv.

234 ; the Canon of, and the ships

for Labrador (1527) xii. 20.
S. Paul's College of Jesuits, in Goa

(1583) V. 460, VI. 7.
S. Paul's Islands, Stephen Borough

at (1557) II- 371-
S. Paul's order, friars of, in Chialo,
V. 395; in the islands near Japan,

405-
S. Pedro Islands, see S. Pierre.
S. Pedro, Porto de, in Majorca,

William Harborne at (1583) v.

243-

S. Pedro, Rio de, mentioned in Rut-
tier for Brazil, xi. 85.

S. Pedro y S. Pablo, Rio de, dis-

covered by Captain Ulloa (1539)

IX. 207, 208.
S. Peter, castle of, in Rhodes, v.

6, 8, 15.
St. Peter Islands, see S. Pierre.
5. Peter, the, flagship of Captain

Alarchon (1540) ix. 279, 311.
S. Peter and S. Paul river, marks

of, in second Ruttier, x. 319.
S. Peter's Cape, discovered by

Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 194.
S. Peter's Church, in Norwich, epi-
taph of Peter Read in (1566) v.

69.
S. Peter's Church, in Tescuco, built

by Hernando Cortez, ix. 364.
S. Peter's Islands, off the Russian

coast, Stephen Borough at (1557)

II. 371.
S. Peter's Strait, in Newfoundland,

VIII. 157; discovered by Jacques

Cartier (1534) 207; the Marigold

at, 158.
S. Petro, Scolio di, tradition about,

v. 8g.
S. Philip Island, Captain Ulloa at

(1539) IX. 228.
5. Philip, the, captured by the men

of Flushing, iv. 226.
S. Philip, the, Portuguese carrack,

Sir Francis Drake and (1587) vi.

438; taken by the English, 442.
S. Philip, the, and the Revenge

(1591) VII. 42, xii. 69.
S. Pierre and Miquelon, the Bona-

venture at, viii. 150 ; the Grace

at, 163, 165; Charles Leigh at

(1597) 176; Jacques Cartier at

(1536) 360.
S. Salvador, in Mexico, on the

South Sea, ix. 366.
S. Salvador Church, in Rhodes, v.

37-

S. Salvador Island, taken by Sebas-
tian Cabot, XI. 99.

S. Sebastian, in Spain, English bat-
talion at (1589) VI. 498; ship
belonging to, captured by Chris-
topher Carleill (1585) x. 100; her-
mitage of, 282.

S. Sebastian Island, on the Brazil
coast, VI. 410; Stephen Hare at
(1581) XI. 34, 37; mentioned in
Ruttier, 83; fishing at (1579)

388

INDEX

162 ; pinnace built by Thomas
Cavendish at (1586) 294, 367; lati-
tude of, 349 ; soundings, 353 ;
anchorage, 371 ; Thomas Caven-
dish at (1591) 390-

S. Servan's Port, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 188.

S. Sophia Church, in Constanti-
nople, description, iv. 291, v. 253,

VI. 105.

S. Sophia Church, in Nicosia, v.

97-

S. Spiritus' Port, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1536) viii. 260.

S. Stephano, Ponte, in Constanti-
nople, V. 251,

S. Stephen Church, outside the town
of Rhodes, v. 21.

S. Stephen's three isles, Captain
Ulloa at (1540) IX. 267.

S. Thomas, the Apostle, burial place
of, IV. 414.

S. Thomas, city of, on the coast of
Coromandel, v. 408; trade with
Pegu, 427; verzini found in, vi.
25; monsoon from Goa to, 31;
ships of, bound for Malacca (1591)
X. 196.

5. Thomas, the, Spanish ship, dis-
coveries by (1539) IX. 207; lost in
a storm, 208.

S. Thomas of Canterbury, chapels
dedicated to, by English mer-
chants, II. 154.

S. Thomas of India, church of, voy-
age of Sighelm, bishop of Sher-
borne, to, IV. 279, 280, V. 401.

S. Thomas Church, in Greenland (c.
1380) VII. 451.

S. Thomas Island, near Ethiopia,

VII. 198; climate of, 252, 258; dis-
covered by the Portuguese, viii.
127; William Towerson at (1577)
VI. 248; description of, 248; ship
from, escapes the Edward Bona-
venture (1592) 398; negro trade
of (1590) X. 172; intended voyage
of Sir Anthony Sherley to (1596)
266.

S. Thome, see S. Thomas.

S . Tronions Sound, Martin Fro-
bisher at (1576) vii. 205.

S. Vincent Island (Cape Verde) Wil-
liam Towerson at (1577) vi. 249.

S. Vincent Island (West Indies) lati-
tude of, X. 332 ; tobacco in, Laur-
ence Keymis at (1596) 478.

S. Vincent, port in Brazil, the Ed-
ward Cotton's trade at, vi. 408;
mines of, at, xi. 26; latitude of,
27; Spanish ships in (1582) 94;
latitude of, 160; Edward Fenton
bound for (1582) 188; Edward
Fenton at (1583) 190; fight at, be-
tween English and Spanish ships,
195 ; English and Spanish ships
in, 268; John Whithall dwelling
at (1586) 295; burnt by Thomas
Cavendish (1591) 390; bay, x. 93;
mentioned in Ruttier, xi. 82 ; lati-
tude of, 83.

S. Vincent, Cape, in Portugal, Wil-
liam Harborne at (1583) v. 243;
English fleet bound for (1591) vii.
58; English fleet at (1590) 74, (1592)
108; the Toby at (1593) 124; Wil-
liam King at (1592) x. 190; Sir
Robert Dudley in sight of (1594)
204; marks and latitude of, 299,
300, 335 ; longitude from, to Cape
S. Maria, 337; seized by Drake,
XII. 63.

S. Vincent, harbour in Guinea, vi.

159-
S. Vincent river (Brazil), Spanish

fort on, XI. 251.
S. Vincent river (Guinea), William

Towerson at (1555) vi. 183; trad-
ing in the, 184; latitude of, 186.
5. Vittor, the, Nestor Martiningo's

escape in, v. 149.
S. William's Islands, discovered by

Jacques Cartier (1535) viii. 212.
S. Yves, hill of, description of, xi.

88.
S., Master, Richard Hakluyt to, on

his going to Constantinople (1582)

V. 231.
Saba, see Sheba.
Saba Island, Sir Francis Drake at

(1595) X. 229; marks of, in second

Ruttier, 309.
Sabea Island, see Meroe Island.
Sabellicus on the Carthaginian

mothers, iv. 71, 173; on the

names of Cyprus, v. 124.
Sabione, Mare de, in Africa, vi.

144.

389

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Sable, best, found at Pechora (1588)
HI. 365 ; live, sent to Sir John
Gilbert (1583) vni. 60.

Sablon Island, Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert's fleet at, viii. 63, 85.

Sacaio, in Japan, vi. 334.

Sacatecas, Augustin Boacio taken
prisoner at (1557) ix. 348; mines
in, 358; Don Francisco de Pago
and the mines of (1572) 373 ; John
Chilton at the mines of, 374;
Spanish goods carried from Vera
Cruz to (1572). 379-

Sacatlan, in Chiapa province, ix.

369-

Sacatocaluca, distance from, to the
South Sea, x. 275.

Sacatula, Captain Ulloa at (1539) ix.
207.

Sacayr, Sakayr, Sakair, Sir Jerome
Bowes and (1584) in. 474; con-
demned to prison, 478.

Sacile, Girolamo di, captain, and
Mustafa Pasha (1571) v. 145.

Sacre, Cape, Sir Francis Drake at
(1587) VI. 438, 441, 442.

Sacres, see Sakers.

Sacrifices, religious, of the Samo-
yedes, 11. 347-349 ; of the people
of Nova Albion (1578) ix. 324; to
devils, made by natives of Brazil
(1578) XI. 107.

Sacrifices, Island of, near New
Spain, haunted by spirits (1572)
IX. 378; latitude of, 378.

Sacro Bosco, Johannes de, etymo-
logy of Zodiac by, vii. 265 ; his
opinion on cold regions, 268.

Saders, see Breams.

Sadine, money of Ormuz, vi. 14.

Sadler, Edward, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 76, 78.

Sadler, Robert, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75, 78.

Sadlers or Saesi, of the Grand
Signior, pay of, vi. 64.

Safe conduct, see Passport.

Safet, near Jerusalem, vi. no.

Saffron, sale of, abroad (1582) v.
230, 240; brought to England by
a pilgrim, v. 241 ; found in Bus-
sorah and Persia, vi. 26.

Saffron-Walden, in Essex, v. 240.

Safran, see Saffron.

Sagbulve Company in Hungarian-
Turkish war (1594) VI. 104.

Sagitta, city of, besieged by Chris-
tians (1107) IV. 302-306.

Sago, presented to Sir Francis
Drake by the King of Ternate
(1579) XI. 126.

Sagu meal, see Sago.

Saguenay, in New France, vii. 171 ;
kingdom of, near Honguedo, viii.
183, 210, 214; red copper found
in, 214, 237; gold and silver in»
237; riches of, 253, 274; map of
(1587) 272; entrance of, 279;
Roberval's voyage to (1542) 283-
287, 288.

Saguenay, river, in Saguenay, viii.
217, 243. 245; falls on, 236.

Saia, red dyeing root, found in S.
Thomas, in India, v. 402, 428,
491.

Sailing Chart, English (1592), en-
graving of, VI. 128.

Sailors, English, character of, xii. 6.

Sailors, French, wrecked at Brava
Island (1564) X. 15.

Saima, x. 207; Morequito's flight
through, 375 ; plains of, inhabited
by four nations, 396.

Saincte Michael, Mount of, see Mont
S. Michel.

Sainterre, M. de, lieutenant of
Francis de Roberval (1542) viii.
283 ; sent to France by Roberval
to carry news, 286.

Saints' Island, Spanish possession
(1564) IX. 5.

Saker, the, of Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1596) X. 241.

Sakers, Turkish, used at the siege
of Rhodes (1522) v. 18.

Sal, Ilha do, Cape Verde Island,
Andrew Barker at (1576) x. 63;
latitude of, 335 ; Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1597) xi. 2.

Sala, port of the kingdom of Fez,
VI. 143.

Sal ammoniac, from Scinde and
Cambay, vi. 25.

Sal armoniack, see Sal ammoniac.

Sal Medina, mentioned in the Rut-
tier, X. 290; longitude from, to
Cape Cantin, 336.

Salaco Castle, in Rhodes, v. 15.

390

INDEX

Saladin, Sultan of the Saracens

(1191) IV. 332, 341; and Richard

I., 334; beaten at Assur, 334;

destroys Ascalon, 335.
Salamanca and the defence of Spain

(1585) X. 96.
Salamanca, Gabriel de, ambassador

to England (1527) v. 61.
Salamander, the, in Captain Fro-

bisher's fleet, and the whale

(1578) VII. 327.
Salasalma island, on lake Onega,

III. 79.
Salcot, Edward, and Henry Roberts

(1585) VI. 426.
Saldanha, Aguada, George Ray-
mond at (1591) VI. 389, X. 194.
Sale, James, killed in the Indian's

ambush (1565) ix. 74.
Salfeld, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

321.
Salgano of Castello, captain, made

slave at Famagusta (1571) v.

Salimbria, Richard Wrag at (1594)
VI. 107.

Salina, town in Cyprus, v. 125 ;
John Locke at (1553) 93; Laur-
ence Aldersey at (1581) 213.

Salinacani river, see Somme river,
in Florida.

Salinas, Admiral Juan de, and the
Amazon river, xi. 17.

Salinas of Panuco (1568) ix. 415.

Saline, see Salina.

Salini, see Salina.

Salino, the Nana Ferra in (1594)

VI. 108.

Salisbury, Hubert Walter, bishop of,

travels of (1205) iv. 346.
Salisbury, William Longespee, Earl

of, his voyage to Syria (1240) iv.

352; to Asia (1248) 353; Saracen

merchants and, 354 ; Earl of

Artois and, 355, 357; death of

(1249) 358.
Salkenstow, Richard, licensed to

trade in Russia free from custom

(1592) in. 440.
Sallamca, in West Indies, burnt by

Sir Thomas Baskerville (1595) x.

235-
Salle, captives of the Moors at (1593)

VII. 128.

Salle, la, in Francis de Roberval's

voyage (1542) viii. 283.
Salles, Captain, and Laudonniere in

Florida (1587) viii. 471.
Salmon fishing, 11. 328.
Salmon, white, in the Volga, iii.

370-

Salobert, Mace, captain of the Little
Hermina (1535) viii. 211; goes
up the S. Lawrence river, 230 ; re-
turns to France with letters to the
King (1540) 266.

Salomon, see Solomon.

Salsa Perilla, see Sarsaparilla.

Salt, in Russia, pits of, i. 234,
255, II. 224, 263, 276, 410
a salt house near Dogsnose, 364
sent to Russia (1560) 405, 408
rock, near the Caspian Sea, iii.
71 ; fetched from Some, 82 ; mak-
ing in Russia, 368; want of, in
Iceland, iv. 84, 188; hill of, in
Tabriz, 409; pit of, in Italy,
John Locke's description of (1553)
V. 93 ; product of Cyprus, 125 ;
mines in Sorstyn Mountains,
326; in Japan, dearth of, vi.
328 ; to be procured at the
Cape Verde Isles for the Edward
Cotton (1583) 408; in Mare Glaci-
ale, VII. 176 ; in Newfoundland
(1578) VIII. 15; found in the
Western Planting (1583) 116, 139;
not used in Hochelaga, 233 ; at
S. John Island, Ralph Lane and
(1585) 313; in Granada, ix. 157;
used as money in Guastacan, 371 ;
water congealed to, in New Spain,
384; island of red, in New Spain,
397; made in the Salines of Pan-
uco, 415 ; lake in Pinotespan del
Rey town, 470; found in Maio
and Fogo Islands (1597) xi. 3,
104.

Salter, David, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 317.

Salter, George, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75, 78.

Salterne, William, deputy of the
Company of Merchants (1583)
VIII. 133.

Saltfleet, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 298.

Salt, Isle of, see Sal, Ilha do.

391

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Saltonstall, Richard, Russian licence

granted to (1586) iii. 348.
Saltonstall, Richard, of the Levant

Company (1592) vi. 75, 78.
Saltpetre in Russia, m. 369; in

Morocco (1577) VI. 291.
Saltza, Hermannus de, fourth

master of the Hospitallers of

Jerusalem (12 10) 11. i f.
Salum, Riman, Hanse messenger,

n- 55-

Salvador, Bahia de, mentioned in
Ruttier, xi. 82 ; Thomas Caven-
dish at (1591) 389, 397.

Salvage Cove, Magellan Straits, the
Desire at (1592) xi. 401.

Salvages, the, Solitary Island, near
Madeira, vi. 136 ; called one of the
Canaries, Captain Laudonniere at
(1564) IX. 2; latitude of, x. 332.

Salvago, Anselm, and the bark
Aucher (1551) v. 72.

Salvaja Island, see Salvages.

Salvajos, people near Curiapan, in
Trinidad, x. 350.

Salvaterra of Spain, and the north-
west passage (1568) vii. 179.

Samaitia, 11. 10.

Samar, see Samara.

Samara, river, 11. 453 ; abundance of
liquorice on the shore of, 454.

Samaria, Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.
195 ; Duke of, and the Prophet
Elisha, X. 44.

Samarkand, King of, besieges Bok-
hara, II. 474.

Samba or Zamba, marks of, de-
scribed in the Ruttier, x. 288.

Samballes, Cabo de, latitude of,
Captain Gualle at (1584) ix.

332-

Samblas, Punta de, S. Cruz Moun-
tains on, X. 290.

Samborus, benefactor of the order of
the Dutch knights, 11. 4.

Samboses, the, people near Sierra
Leone (1564) x. 17; cannibalism
of, 18.

Sambula Island, Sir John Hawkins'
raids on negroes from (1564) x.

Samipagotos, enemies to the Span-
ish (1596) X. 474.
Samma, or Samva, city in Guinea,

VI. 160; gold trade in (1555)
163.

Sammaterra, gold trade in (1555) vi.
163.

Samoed, see Samoyeda,

Samoeds, see Samoyedes.

Samogedi, see Samoyedes.

Samogetae, see Samoyedes.

Samoites, see Samoyedes.

Samorin, see Calicut.

Samos, English merchants in (1580)
v. 187; Richard Wrag at (1594)
VI. 107.

Samoyeda. Anthony Jenkinson in,
III. 196; William Borough at the
discovery of (1556) 210; cannibal-
ism in, 402; Oliver in, 454;
Arthur Pet, and the coast of, 254-

257.

Samoyedes, i. 77, 86 ; habits of
the, 153, 166, VII. 368; and
fur trade in Russia, 11. 276;
and Stephen Borough (1556)
334. 338; description of, by
Richard Johnson, 345, 346; use
deer instead of horses, 346; Rus-
sian conquests among, 423 ; de-
scription, by Feodor Towtigin,
483 ; cannibalism of, 483 ; Giles
Fletcher on, iii. 402-403.

Sampoole, Thomas, of Andrew
Barker's Company, killed at S.
Francisco Island (1576) x. 86.

Sampson, Captain Anthony, and the
provisions for the English army
at the Groyne (1589) vi. 489.

Sampson, Captain John, in Spain
(1589) VI. 484; at the Groyne, 489;
field corporal in Sir Francis Drake's
expedition (1585) x. 98; sent by
Sir Francis Drake to the governor
of Bayona Islands (1585) 100; at
the taking of S. lago city (1585)
104; and the Portuguese messen-
ger (1585) 106; wounded at the
taking of Cartagena (1586) 119;
at the attack of S. John's fort

(1586) 129.

Sampson, Ensign, death, of, at Pan-
ama (1596) X. 238.
Sampson, John, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 402.

Sampson, John, child settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 403.

392

INDEX

Sampson, the, of the Earl of Cum-
berland's fleet (1593) VII. 118; and
Las Cinque Llaguas, 119.

Samuel and products from Benin
(1591) VI. 415.

Samuel, page of Sir John Hawkins,
at S. Juan d'Ulloa (1568) ix. 453.

Samuel, Dean Robert, witness of
Edward I.'s great charter, i. 296.

Samuel, the, and the Spanish ships
(1590) VII. 31.

Sanches, John, fiscal of the Inquisi-
tion in Mexico (1574) ix. 424.

Sancho, King of Navarre, father of
Berengaria, iv. 325, 330.

Sancian, see Santianum.

Sancius, Michael, pilot in the South
Sea, taken by Thomas Cavendish
(1587) XI. 319, 322 ; sent by Caven-
dish to Chaccalla Bay (1587) 322.

Sancius Haven, in Newfoundland,
VIII. 109.

Sand in Devonshire, Rowland Hew-
ish at (1597) VI. 93.

Sand, sea of, in Persia, iv. 410;
bank of, moving near Tripolis, vi.
I ; shoal of, near Riohacha, x.

234-

Sandals, found in Cochin and Mala-
bar, VI. 25.

Sanders, Blase, assistant to the Mus-
covy Company, 11. 307, 362, 410;
governor to the Muscovy Com-
pany (1561) III. 14.

Sanders, John, boatswain of the
Jesus of Liibeck, cruelty of, to
landed sailors of Sir John
Hawkins (1588) ix. 409.

Sanders, Master, and Henry Austell
(1585) V. 320.

Sanders, Thomas, ' Voyage of the
Jesus to Tripolis ' (1583) v. 292-
311; made slave, 301; liberated

(1585) 307-

Sanderson, William, i. xxx. ; letter
from Henry Lane (1554) iii. 330-
336; and the voyage of discovery
of the North-west passage (1583)
vii. 381 ; John Davys's letters to,
407, 423 ; greatest owner in John
Davys's fleet (1585) 442 ; globe,
published by, 445.

Sandie, Robert, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 76, 78.

XII

Sands, White, see White Sand.

Sandwich, Edward the Confessor
and, I. 43 ff. ; ships, 46 f. ; ships
from, in Edward III.'s fleet, 297;
Edward HL's fleet off (1359) 301;
Prussian ship masters prisoners
in, II. 14, 15; customs in, 75.

Sandy Island, mentioned in second
Ruttier, x. 322.

Sandy Islands, west of Wokan, viii.

413-
Sandys, George, and his translation

of Ovid, XII. 108.
Sanestrol, Zichmni and Nicolo Zeno

meet at (c. 1380) vii. 448.
Sangershusen, Hanno de, seventh

master of the Dutch knights, 11.

5- .

Sangiaccho, see Sanjack.

Sangiam, see Santianum.

Sangradura, mentioned in second
Ruttier, x. 326.

Sanguelos, the, or merchants, xi.
330. ,

Sanguis Draconis, see Cinnabar.

Sanjacks, or captains in the Turkish
army, v. 105 ; three, killed at the
bulwark of England at the siege
of Rhodes (1522) 29.

Santa, coast town in Peru, xi. 286.

Santanilla or Centanilla Island, lati-
tude of, X. 336.

Santiago forsakes his governor,
Antonio de Berreo, x. 460; takes
Francis Sparrow prisoner, 462 ;
taken prisoner by the Spanish,
462.

Santiago di Compostela, intended
Tartar pilgrimage to, i. 54.

Santianum Island, near Canton, vi.
347; death of S. Francis Xavier
at (1552) 348.

Santisso, Terneis de. Marquess of
Seralba and (1589) vi. 494.

Santo, province in China, xi. 379.

Santone's ' Sermon on the Mountain
of Pardons,' v. 357.

Santos, Brazil, the Edward Cotton's
trade at, vi. 408; John Whithall
at (1578) XI. 26; Stephen Hare at
(1581) 35; Stephen Hare leaves,
37; distance from, to Peru, 38;
Edward Fenton sends a present to
the governor of (1583) 192; lati-

393 2C

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

tude of, 349; taken by Thomas

Cavendish, Cocke, and Captain

Davys (1591) 390, 397; on S.

Vincent river, 251.
Santos, Island de los, marks of, in

second Ruttier, x. 309.
Santwat, Isle of Man, battle of, i.

28.
Saona Island, John White at (1590)

VIII. 408 ; Christopher Newport at

(1591) X. 185; William King at

(1592) 191 ; described by the Rut-
tier, 283 ; marks of, in second Rut-
tier, 311; latitude of, 333; longi-
tude from, to S. Domingo, 336.

Sapata, see Henao.

Sapientia Island, near Modon, in
Morea, John Locke at (1553) v.
10 1 ; William Harborne at (1583)
250.

Sapies, La Formio, island of the.
Sir John Hawkins at (1564) x. 16;
conquered by the Samboses, de-
scription of, 17 ; laws of, 19 f.

Saporatona, cacique, follower of
Carapana (1595) x. 419.

Sapotecas, province in Mexico, ix.

365.

Sapphires, stones like, found in
Guiana (1595) x. 405.

Saracens, i. 84, 87, 135, 142, 146,
285 f. ; Bathy and, 76, 84, 86,
152 ; in Orna, 152 ; refusing
baptism, 254 ; Sartach and, 269 ;
captive, beheaded by Richard I.
(1191) IV. 334; fight between
Christians and, at Mansor (1249)
357 ; and the country of Ormuz,
411; Lyon, King of Armenia, de-
spoiled of his kingdom by the
(1386) 446, 448; Genoese war
against (1390) 450; in China, vi.

374-

Sarafo Island, William Harborne at
(1583) V. 250.

Saramet, Sultan of Kait, and An-
thony Jenkinson, 11. 465.

Sarauahi, village of, in Florida, ix.
38; food found at, by Captain
Laudonniere (1565) 75.

Sarcacolla, found in Persia, vi. 27.

Sardenna, see Sardinia.

Sardinia, in Thome's map, 11. 171 ;
Roger Bodenham in sight of

(1551) V. 72; Spanish possession,
249.
Sare, Richard, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.

Sarguit, Tartars and the town of, i.
152.

Sarimento, see Sarmiento.

Sarinbugh, town on the Manurawini
river, x. 494.

Sarisburie, see Salisbury.

Sarmates or Asarmathes, son to Jok-
tan. III. 358.

Sarmatia, see Russia.

Sarmiento, Don Juan, governor of
Margarita, son of Don Juan de
Villa Andreda, and Sir John Bur-
rough, x. 363 ; and Antonio de
Berreo, 373.

Sarmiento, Pedro, governor of the
Straits of Magellan, prisoner of
the English (1586) vi. 435, xi. 92,
93 ; and the building oi the forts,
267 ; sent from Lima to the Strait
of Magellan, to pursue Sir Francis
Drake, 266 ; lands in the Strait of
Magellan, and builds a town, 271 ;
seeks for help at Pernambuco and
Bahia, 272 ; taken by Sir Walter
Raleigh's barks (1586) 273; lieu-
tenant of Alvares de Mendanio,

. 288.

Sarnichoke, Tartar, subject to the
Prince of Bokhara, 11. 480.

Sarracoll, John, ' Voyage of the Earl
of Cumberland ' (1586-7), written
by, XI. 202-227; called in council
by Robert Withrington (1587) 211.

Sarre, Ralph, merchant in Exeter,
his voyage to S. Domingo and
Mexico (1555) IX. 341.

Sarrope, Island, fertility of, ix. 51.

Sarsaparilla, found in New Spain,

IX. 397; in S. lago de Leon
by Sir Amyas de Preston, x. 223 ;
in Guayaquil, xi. 286.

Sartach, i. 231, 232, 234, 249; Rub-
ruquis' letter to, 252; arrival of
Rubruquis at the court of, 260 ;
state of, 261 ; reception of Rub-
ruquis in vestments by, 262 f. ;
sends Rubruquis to Bathy, 264 f. ;
the Christians and, 266, 269.

Sarthi, Tartars and, i. 86.

Saruiur, i. 70, 144.

394

INDEX

Saruyur, see Saruiur.

Saseno Island, John Locke at (1553)

V. 103.
Sassafras bark, a cure for Jacques

Carder's crew (1535) viii. 250;

leaves used as food by Ralph Lane

(1585) 331 ; found in Virginia, 355,

372 ; in Florida, xii. 76.
Sassi, Tartars and, i. 86.
Satagan, on the Ganges, v. 410;

products of, 411; Ralph Fitch in

(c. 1583) 475, 482; description of,

483-

Satalia, i. 308.

Satayle, see Satalia.

Sathiodaphnitae, people of Libya, vi.
168.

Satourioua, King of the river May,
and Captain Laudonniere (1564)
IX. 6, 26, 29, 52 ; family of, 7 ;
enemy of the King of Thimagoa,
12; vassals of (1564) 21; enmity
against the King of Utina (1565)
66; presents to Captain Gour-
gues (1567) loi ; complaints of the
Spaniards, 102.

Satyrs, people of Africa, vi. 169.

Sauban, Captain, returned from
England (1589) vi. 514.

Saucy Jack, the, of the English fleet

(1589) VII. 5, II.

Saukevill, Bartholomew de, witness
of Henry IIL's charter, i. 324.

Saults, see Falls.

Sava, on the Nile, vi. 145.

Savage, Sir Arthur, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Savano, mentioned in Ruttier, x.

304-

Savile, Henry, captain of the Ad-
venture, X. 240 ; confutation of
Spanish lies about Sir Francis
Drake by (1596) 246-265; at the
fight of Pinos (1596) 262.

Savill, John, in William Towerson's
expedition to Guinea (1555) vi.
199, 202, 208.

Savin, Andrew, Russian ambassador
to England (1568) iii. 107, 177;
and the privileges, 108; and
Queen Elizabeth, 183.

Savine trees, in Teneriffe, vi. 130.

Saviour, the, of Bristol, and the
Chios trade, v. 115.

Savona Island, surrounded by flats,
VI. 404.

Savoy, Amadeus, duke of, and the
Armada (1588) iv. 205.

Savoy, Lewis, Duke of, second hus-
band of Charlotta, daughter of
John, King of Cyprus, v. 125.

Savoy, Hakluyt, chaplain of the,
XII. 83,

Sawsie Jack, see Saucy Jack.

Saxi, on Danube, Henry Austell at

(1585) V. 325-

Saxie, Zachary, honourable death of,
at Puna Island (1587) xi. 317, 318.

Saxo Grammaticus, Lib. ii. pag.
187, III. 373; on Iceland, iv. 13,
102 ; on the fountains of Iceland,
35. 37» 130; on Icelanders, 53,

151-

Saxons and Octher, i. 14.

Saxony, Duke of, thirty-third master
of the Dutch knights (1500) 11.
10.

Say, money of Bussorah, vi. 12.

Sayas, Alonzo de, prisoner in Eng-
land (1588) IV. 213, 231.

Sayer, William, admiral of Dart-
mouth, and Charles Leigh at Far-
rillon (1597) VIII. 166.

Sayi, I. 87.

Sayles Island, see S. George Island.

Sayma, see Saima.

Saymi, x. 424.

Saytosa, see Sidon.

Sazeuma, King of, soldiers of, xi.
426.

Scacafel Hill, in the Isle of Man, i.
251. 254.

Scacatai, Scacatay, see Scacati.

Scacati, Bathy's kinsman, i. 251,

254-

Scamonea, found in Syria and Per-
sia, VI. 26.

Scantia, see Norway.

Scarborough, ships from, in Edward
IIL's fleet, I. 299; trade with
Iceland, 11. 137.

Sardeburg, damages paid by, 11. 34,
103, 105.

Sea we, II. 63, 69.

Schalholt, bishops of, in Iceland, iv.
54-60, 152-159; cathedral of, 62,
162; bishopric of, in Iceland, 11,
15, 99, 104.

395

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Scheldt, Martin Frobisher sights

the (1576) vn. 211.
Schesche, Indian beggars, v. 476.
Schiedam, in Holland, v. 320.
Schinick, Nicholas, chancellor of the

King of Hungary, Bela IV., ni.

392.
Schrichfinnia, see Lapland.
Schurgasse, Henry Austell in (1585)

V. 326.

Schuvenden, Burckardus a, ninth
master of the Dutch knights
(1282) n. 5.

Scieko, ruler in South Russia, ni.

357-
Scilly, Isle of, the Tiger at (1556)

VI. 212 ; the Richard of Arundel in
sight of (1591) 466; Captain Fro-
bisher near (1578) vii. 242, at
(1577) 317; John Davys at (1585)
382, (1587) 415, 425; Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's fleet begins its
course from (1583) vni. 45; ship
from S. Malo taken near, by the
Pleasure (1591) 155; William Coxe
and Andrew Browne at (1576) x.
Sy; Captain Barker (1597) 280;
Luke Warde at (1583) xi. 201.

Scinde, coast of, in India, v. 469 ;
spikenard found in, vi. 25 ; mon-
soon from Goa to, 29 ; from
Ormuz to, 30.

Scio, see Chios.

Scipio, Livy on, v. 119.

Scipio, of Castello, captain, slain at
Famagusta (1571) v. 150.

Scirings Hall, Octher and, i.

Scitadin, Sidatin, town in Canada,
yiii. 244, 254.

Scithia, see Scythia.

Scivassi and Marasco, Pasha of, v.
148, 152.

Sclavonia, see Dalmatia.

Scluse, see Sluys.

Scof, Edgar, his ship at Calais, n.
40.

Scoffe, Egghard, of Danzig, dam-
ages paid to, n. 103 f.

Scolmus, a Dane, and the North-
west passage, vn. 179, 188.

* Scondia. History of,' by Jacobus
Zieglerus, vn. 183.

Sconeland, n. 69.

Sconia, free passage to, demanded
by Henry IV. n. 42, 44, 46.

Sconie, Wolstan and, i. 15.

Sconses, built by Ralph Lane in Vir-
ginia (1585) vn. 324, 332.

Scorpe Sound, Arthur Pet in the
(1580) m. 302.

Scot, lost in the Ilha do Sal (1577)

VI. 249.

Scot, Michael, of Calais, sea cap-
tain, II. 104.

Scot, Nicholas, of Calais, damages
paid by, 11. 103.

Scotland, products of, 11. 121;
climate of, vn. 268; heat of, 271;
fish trade with Frisland, 450.

Scots, eight bands of, in the Armada
(1588) IV. 205.

Scott, Thomas, settler in Virginia
(1587) vm. 403.

Scout, Edward Gilman, captain of
(1585) X. 99.

Scoutsnesse, Stephen Borough near,
n. 324.

Scrickfin, see Lapland.

Scritina, wife of Olaf, son of God-
red, I. 35.

Scroope, in Sir Francis Drake's
fleet, death of (1586) x. 134.

Scurvy grass, use of, at Penguin
Island, XI. 411.

Scythae, see Scythians.

Scythia, i. 166, 234.

Scythian Cape, in Ortelius's map,

VII. 192; Ocean, n. 251, in.
264 ; whalefishing in the, 265 ;
Anthony Jenkinson's remarks on,
VII. 168; strong sea currents in,

337-.

Scythians, discovery of America and
the, VII. 165 ; conquered and con-
verted by Constantine, viii. 106 ;
Wandering (Scythae Nomades), or
Tartars, in. 398.

Scythish, see Scythian.

' Sea, Fluxions and Eruptions of
the,' Aristotle on, vi. 171.

Sea, the Narrow, importance of, to
England, n. 114 f., 136, 145;
westerly currents of the, vn. 152,
166, 167; Jenkinson on Northern,
168, 183 ; frozen, 175 ; salt in,
176; opinions on frozen, unjusti-
fied by experience, 289; depth of

396

INDEX

the, Frobisher's account of the,
200 ; currents of the, 202 ; fresh
water rivers running in the,
347 ; Red, towns on the bank
of, V. 347, 359; coral found
in, VI. 26 ; monsoon from
Goa to, 30; of West Indies, mer-
chants in the, vii. 201 ; Fresh
water, in Canada, Jacques Cartier
and the (1535) viii. 246; Fresh
water, river in Brazil called, de-
scription of, XI. 20 ; latitude of,
21; White and Red, discovered
by Captain Ulloa (1539) ix. 225.

Sea-Apostles, the, Spanish ships,
xii. 69.

Seabremes, see Breams.

Sea Dragon, the, Henry White, cap-
tain of (1585) x. 98.

Seaford, Sussex, i. 48; ships from,
in Edward III.'s fleet, 298.

Seahorses, see Walruses.

Seal, Russian Emperor's, 11. 272 ;
for the Muscovy Company, 11.
308 ; of the Levant Company
(1592) VI. 83.

Seal Oil, drink of Canadian natives,

VIII. 287.

Scale Island, see Lobos Island.

Scales Bay, latitude of, xi. 349, 356.

Scales Island, see Lobos Island.

Seals, hunting of, in Russia, iii.
366; caught on the ice in Iceland,
IV. 30, 123 ; in Saldanha Bay, vi.
389; near Cape Breton, viii. 160;
abundance of, in California, de-
scribed by Captain Ulloa (1539)

IX. 216; near Japan, found by
Captain Gualle (1584) 336; or sea-
wolves, killed by Sir Francis
Drake (1578) xi. 107, 108; near
the river Plate, 160; of Port Desire,
description of (1586) 295; skins
of, unprofitable ware, 11. 404 ;
used by natives of Meta Incognita
(1577) VII. 225; skins of, dressed
by Indians, described by Captain
Ulloa (1540) IX. 261 ; skins of, re-
stored to Indians by Francis
Preciado, 276.

Seamanship, proposed improvement

of, I. xxxiv. f.
Seames, the, Edward Fenton at

(1583) XI. 201.

Searchthrift, the, Stephen Borough,
master, 11. 322, 345, 363, 390; at
Our Lady of Hollands, 323 ; voy-
ages of, 345, 363; at Kholmogory,
390; off Vaigach Island (1556) iii.
121 ; discoveries of the (1556) 334.

Seawano, kingdom of, in Guiana,
and Sir Robert Dudley (1595) x.
207.

Sebastian, King of Portugal, and
Tom Stukeley, xii. 102.

Sebastian, and the Jesus in Tripolis

(1584) V. 297.

Sebastian of Ascoli, Captain, made

slave at Famagusta (1571) v. 151.
Sebenico, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

322.
Sebesten, found in Cyprus, vi. 27.
Sebo, Captain Parker's voyage to

(1596) X. 277; taken by Captain

Parker (1597) 279.
Seboyon Island, latitude of, xi. 350;

from, to Masbat Island, 364.
Seburgh, John, of Colchester, and

Prussian pirates, 11. 62.
Seclemore, Edward, in Virginia

(1585) VIII. 318.

Secotan or Sequotan, in Winganda-
coa, VIII. 307 ; Sir Richard Gren-
ville at (1585) 316; south posses-
sion of the English in Virginia,
321; village of, by John White,
engraving of, 336 ; John White
and, 394.

Secretary of the viceroy in Turkey,
or Ressistop, attributions of, vi.
66.

* Secrets of Secrets,' John Erigena

and the translation of, iv. 281.

* Secrets, the Seaman's,' by John

Davys (1594) xii. 29.

Sects, religious, in China, vi. 372.

Secutra, see Sokotra.

Sedenno, Antonio, his attempt to
discover Guiana (1536) x. 497.

Seeds, a present from Captain Alar-
chon to Indians (1540) ix. 314.

Seeley, Thomas, Captain of the
Minion (1585) x. 98.

Seelie, see Seeley.

Seething Lane, lodgings of the Rus-
sian ambassadors in (1567) iii.

99.
Sefelt,

in Austria, v. 321.

397

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Seford, see Seaford.

Segar, John, of Bury in Suffolk,

on St. Helena Island (1593) vi.

402.
Segoorus, Marcus, and the freed

slaves of Tripolis (1585) v. 309.
Segrave, Elizabeth, wife of Lord

Mowbray (1399) iv. 453.
Segswick, Segewicke and Sedge-

wike, John, 11. 213; merchant in

Russia (1555) 291; at Novgorod,

392.

Segura, Aguada, see Porto Seguro.

Seguro, Porto, see Porto Seguro.

Seilan, see Ceylon.

Seimer, see Seymour.

Seine, river of, in Florida, discov-
ered by Captain Ribault (1562)
VIII. 460 ; Captain Laudonniere
at (1564) IX. 13; Captain Gour-
gues lands at the mouth of (1567)

lOI.

Selaw, in Norway, 11. 64.

Selim, Sultan, father of Solyman, v.
2.

Sellyzure, Anthony Jenkinson's dif-
ficulties in, II. 459; his arrival at,
461 ; products of, 462 ; his return
from, 475.

Selman, Edward, and the captured
ships of Danzig (1577) vi. 232,
234; in Cape Verde Island (1577)

237-
Selman, Master, notary of the pro-
ceedings of Captain Frobisher's

expedition (1578) vii. 348, 349.
Seloy river, see Dolphins river.
Seloy, village in Florida, ix. 90.
Selucax, Southam and Sparke at

(1566) III. 79.
Seluco Hills, mentioned in second

Ruttier, x. 325.
Selvnaz, on the lake of Ladoga, iii.

81. ,
Semana, Gulf of, mentioned in

second Ruttier, x. 327.
Semaracon, captain of Wackerew

town (1595) X. 207.
Sembrano, Spanish carpenter, taken

prisoner by Thomas Cavendish

(1587) XI. 322.
Semeland, King Arthur and, i. 6.
Semiramis, and Babylon walls, v.

119.

Semnoi, Poyas, or Cingulus mundi,
m. 407, 410, 411.

Senates, two, in China, vi. 364.

Senators, Chinese, selection of, vi.
366.

Sendxizow, Henry Austell at (1585)
V. 326.

Seneca, lib. 3 Nat. Quaest, iv. 35,
130; on subterranean rivers, 36,
131; on petrifying fountains, 36,
131; on sweet fountains, 37, 133;
on poisoned fountains, 39, 135 ;
quotation from, viii. 443.

Senega, see Senegal.

Senegal, Ethiopians in, vi. 143;
River, or Nigritis, 167; privileges
granted to English trade on (1588)
443, 445; Richard Rainolds's voy-
age to (1591) VII. 90; products of,
90; French traders in, 91; Gani-
goga, trader in, 98 ; discovered by
Alouis de Cadomosta (1455) viii.
127 ; Company, privileges granted
to the (1588) VI. 443-450; limited
to ten years, 446 ; free from cus-
toms, 448.

Senex de Monte at Melistorte, Friar
Odoric and (1330) iv. 438; death
of, 439.

Senlis, King of France at (1386) iv.
446.

Senlize, see Senlis.

Senna, found in Mecca, vi. 27.

Sefior, Valle del, see Lord's Valley.

Sens, Cardinal of, keeper of the
great seal of France, vi. 125.

Sepulchre, Holy, at Jerusalem, de-
scription of, by Laurence Aldersey
(1581) v. 211.

Sequanus, Joannes Metellus, iii.
461.

Sequin, value of, v. 147.

Serachick, subject to Murse Smille,
II. 457 ; products of, 462 ; Urgenj
to, fifteen days' journey, 480, 481.

Seraglio, officers of the (1588) vi.
68; pay of, 61, 68.

Seragni, found in Persia, vi. 25.

Seralba, Marquess of, and Juan de
Vera (1589) vi. 486; and defence
of Puente de Burgos, 491, 494,

525-
Seranilla, latitude of, described in
the Ruttiers, x. 292, 336.

398

INDEX

Seraphine of gold, money of Ormuz,
VI. 14, 19; of Goa, 18.

Serauahi, King, visits Captain
Ribault at Fort Caroline (1565) ix.
88.

Serchthrift, see Searchthrift.

Seremum, Duke of Tartary, i. 74.

Serena, mountain in Spain, crook-
backed sheep found on, ix. 165.

Seres, people and town called, i.

293-
Sergeant to the Muscovy Company,

II. 312.
Sergius-and-the-Trinity Monastery,

in- 343-

Serica, iii. 279.

Serifo, King of Mecca, v. 348; his
authority handed over to the cap-
tain of the caravan, 350.

Seripho, see Serifo.

Seroctan, Mangu's mother, i. 74,

Serowos, enemies to the Spanish

(1596) X. 474.
Serpa, Pedro Hernandez de, his

attempt to discover Guiana, x.

364, 497; and the Wikiri, 396.
Serpent, the, Sir Walter Raleigh's

ship, voyage of, to the Azores

(1586) VI. 434.
Serpents, used as food in Pegu, v.

425 ; in Florida, description of, x.

60.
Serpeto, Castle of, Laurence Alder-

sey near the (1586) vi. 41.
Serponowtzi, trade of the, iii. 408.
Serrabosa, animal found at the river

Plate, VI. 410.
Serrana, shoals of, mentioned in the

Ruttier, x. 292 ; rocks of, latitude

of, 335-
Serrano, Luis, governor of Angola,

VI. 468.
Serrany, King, and Captain Lau-

donniere (1564) ix. 32.
Serre, i. 48.
Serrepore, kingdom of, description,

V. 484.
Serringe, Ralph Fitch at (c. 1583)

V. 473-
Serrion, King of Pegu's letter, v.

490.
Servants of the Muscovy Company,

II. 406 ; bond, in Persia, iii. 165 ;

Russian, of the Muscovy Com-
pany, not allowed to sell English
wares (1569) 349.

Servidore, King of, called King of
Bread, v. 472.

Serving men in England, wages of
(1589) VI. 523.

Servius Tullius, iv. 22, 113.

Sesame seed, to be brought to Eng-
land (1582) V. 230, 237.

Sesto, see Sestos.

Sestos Castle, in the Hellespont, vi.

Sestos, river in Guinea, vi. 147 ; lati-
tude of, 158; William Towerson's
expedition on the (1555) 177, 182,
(1556) 213, (1577) 233; French ship
in (1557) 218; English merchants
at (1562) 258, 261; the Richard
of Arundel athwart of (1588) 451;
William Hawkins at (1530-32) xi.

23-
Setebos, or Settaboth, god of the

Patagonians, xii. 112.
Setes, or holy men, in Persia, iii.

162.
Setforth, Russian measure for corn,

II. 275.
Seton, ships from, in Edward HL's

fleet, I. 297.
Settea, ship of Zante, Thomas

Saunders in a (1585) v. 309.
Settle, Dionysus, his account of

Martin Frobisher's second voyage

to the North-west (1577) vii. 211.
Setubal, in Portugal, vi. 502 ; Span-
ish ship lost at (1589) VII. 69;

English prisoners at (1591) 83.
Setuval, Setuvel, see Setubal.
Seven Islands, Jacques Cartier at

(1535) VIII. 243 ; latitude of, 278.
Seven Islands, Sir Walter Raleigh

at (1597) XI. 6.
Seven Towers, the Ascension at the

(1593) VI. 95-.
Severing of Friends, Bay of, named

by Sir Francis Drake (1578) xi.

112.
Severn river, vi. 231.
Sevilla, see Seville.
Seville, in Spain, Robert Thorne at,

"• 159; galleon of, disabled at the

first engagement (1588) iv. 213;

John Betancourt leaves (1417) 369;

399

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

the Three Half Moons at (1563) v.
153 ; Reuben of Bracamont leaves
(1417) VI. 120; flyboats of, in Ter-
ceira (1589) vii. 71; Robert Tom-
son and John Field at (1553) ix.
338; Roger Bodenham at (1564)
359; Miles Philips at (1580) 443;
English prisoners sent to the Con-
tratation House at (1570) 463;
people of, and the defence of
Spain (1585) X. 96; fleet of the
merchants of, for the discovery of
the Moluccas (1527) xi. 91.
Sevsemski Headland, in Russia, iii.

74-

Sewramo, Sir Walter Raleigh at
(1597) XI. 10.

Sextus, Aurelius, on Flavius Con-
stantine, iv. 275.

Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somer-
set, and Sebastian Cabot (1548)
VII. 147.

Seymour, Lord Henry, and the
lesser ships of the English fleet
(1588) IV. 208; and Admiral
Lonck, 209; and Lord Charles
Howard, 219; and the Spanish
ships in flight, 228.

Seynam Island, or Zeman, Wil-
loughby's fleet at (1553) 11. 220,
221; Anthony Jenkinson's fleet
at, 415.

Seyton, Robert of, witness of Ed-
ward L's great charter, i. 296.

Shabedge, Richard, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 403.

Shabowshare, 11. 451.

Shabran, Ant*^ony Jenkinson at
(1562) III. 20, 26.

Shah, Thomas, see Thamas L

Shakespeare, Plays of, xii. 92 ;
characters of the plays of, 95 ;
nautical error of, in the Tempest,
109.

Shalapa, S. Augustine Monastery in,
burnt by Indians (1572) ix. 372;
Miles Philips 's escape to (1580)

439-
Shalcan, from, to Russian borders,

Tartar grazing country, iii. 397.
Shalcans, Tartar tribe, iii. 399, 400.
Shales, William, his voyage from

Bussorah to Aleppo, vi. 7, 8; of

the Levant Company (1592) 76, 78.

Shalkan, Andrew, Russian chancel-
lor (1583) III. 317, 321, 467; beaten
by the Emperor, 324 ; Sir Jerome
Bowes sent to prison by, 326, 483 ;
and English merchants, 329, 330.

Shalkan, Vasili, counsellor of the
Emperor of Russia (1584) iii. 342;
English merchants and, 442, 444.

Shalkaules country, iii. 238.

Shallawy Island, English trade in,
restricted to the Muscovy Com-
pany, III. 97.

Shalli, Murzey, son of the King of
Shirvan (1562) iii. 27; courtesy of,
to Anthony Jenkinson, 31.

Shals, William, John Newbery's
letter to, from Ormuz (1583) v.

457. 458.

Shaltcall, latitude of, iii. 20.

Shamaky, see Shemakha.

Shame river, English merchants on
the (1569) III. 116.

Shamma, a town in Guinea, Wil-
liam Towerson at (1557) vi. 218,
228, (1577) 246, 247; George the
Negro at, 225.

Shan-se, province of China, vi. 350.

Shan-tung, province of China, vi.

350-

Sharks at Sierra Leone, ix. 446 ;
taken by the Jesus and the Solo-
mon (1564) x. 23.

Shascal, Anthony Jenkinson at, iii.
196.

Shasko, Anthony Jenkinson's inter-
preter detained at (1572) iii. 171.

Shauan, Alcayde, at Sus, in Morocco
(1577) VI. 291.

Shaudet, the, bound for Mina (155/)
VI. 217.

Shaugh, see Shah.

Shaugh, Persian money, ill. 49;
value in English money, 53.

Shauo, see Shyawe.

Sha varan, Thomas Banister at
(1569) III. 151 ; English merchants
at, 154.

Shaw, Randolph, assistant to Ed-
ward Fenton (1582) xi. 163; and
the council, 172 ; and the Spanish
letters (1582) 184.

Sha, see Shah.

Shawdet of Honfleur, ships belong-
ing to (1577) VI. 241.

400

INDEX

Shawgro, in Guinea, vi. 159.

Sheba, Queen of, vi. 145, 169.

Shebaios, Gowateri Island inhabited
by the (1598) x. 458, 492; enemies
to the Spanish (1596) 474.

Sheep, Russian, iii. 369; and shep-
herds in the desert, v. 446 ; crook-
backed, found on Serena Moun-
tain, in Spain, ix. 165 ; of Quivira,
description of, 168.

Sheets, packing, trade of, in Guinea
(1577) VI. 252.

Sheffield, Lady (1545-1608) i. xix.

Sheld, see Scheldt.

Sheld, Clays, and the English ship,
II. 60, 61, 64.

Shelepin, Vasili Feodorowich, secre-
tary of Astrakhan (1579) iii. 217,
220.

Shelley, compared to Marlowe, xii.
107.

Shellie, Laurence, on the Content,
non-combatant (1591) x. 183.

Shem, son of Noah, settled in Asia,
VII. 264.

Shemakha, in Shirvan or Media,
trade of, 11. 478 ; Anthony Jen-
kinson at (1562) iii. 21, 23,
33, 34; one of chief cities
in Persia, 35 ; Thomas Alcock
at (1563) 41; Richard John-
son at (1565) 46; one month's
travel to Aleppo, 57 ; sixteen days'
journey to Kazvin, 58; English
trade in (1567) 94; Arthur Ed-
wards at (1568) 136; Christopher
Faucet and Richard Pringle at,
137; Thomas Banister at, 151;
Geoffrey Ducket at, 154; descrip-
tion of (1574) 158; mutiny in, 162 ;
tar in, 166; conquered by the
Turks (1580) 224; Robert Gold-
ing's expeditions to and from, 230,
232 ; siege of, 235 ; market for
raw silk in, 400.

Shemines or noblemen, in Pegu, v.
489.

Shen-se. province of China, vi. 350.

Shepeway, see Sheppey.

Sheppey, seat of justice for the Five
Ports, I. 44, 45, 294.

Shepwash, William, quartermaster
on the Bona Confidentia (1553) 11.
214.

Sherborne, Sighelm, bishop of (883)

IV. 279.
Sherbrouke, see Cherbourg.
Sheres, see Xeres.
Sherife or Moorish priest, vi. 392,

393-

Sherington, William, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Sherley, Sir Anthony, voyage to S.
lago, etc. (1596) x. 266-276; ill-
ness of, at Pescadores (1596) 267;
recovery of, 269 ; S. lago town
taken by (1596) 270; illness of the
crew of, 272 ; and the Flemish
ship, 272 ; portrait of, 272 ; and
Captain Parker meet at Jamaica,
and leave for the Bay of Honduras
(1597) 274, 277; on Rio Dolce,
275 ; in Newfoundland, 276.

Shersbonare, garden of the Emperor
of Morocco, VI. 291 ; Henry
Roberts at (1588) 427.

Sherwood, William, master of the
Aucher (1550) v. 71.

Shetly, Head of, iii. 238.

Shillabey, new mate of the Jesus
(1583) V. 293.

Shingleton, Thomas, passport grant-
ed to, by the King of Algiers
(1583) V. 266, 267.

Ship, Norwegian, Henry HL's
mandate concerning, i. 322 ;
Guipuzcoan, of the Armada,
burnt by the English (1588)
IV. 215; Venetian, taken by the
English (1588) 216; Biscayan,
Captain Crosse and the, 226;
Spanish, lost on the coast of
Blankenberghe, 227 ; or Busse,
297, 301 ; Tartar, called Yase, 411 ;
Portuguese, captured by the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1592) vi. 397;
from Caen, M. de Barboti^re, cap-
tain of, at Mona (1593) 404; Span-
ish, captured by the English (1589)
vii. 5 ; prize of the Weymouth
(1589) 13; of S. Malo, taken by
the English, 13; from Pernam-
buco, captured by the English fleet
(1589) 19; from Mexico, captured
by the English, 20; mutiny on
the, of Robert Flicke (1591) 61;
Spanish, captured by the English

401

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

(1590) 73 ; from the Portuguese
Indies, captured by the English,
79; Biscayan, and John Davys's
fleet (1587) 422, 437; of Nicolo
Zeno (1380) 447; Norwegian, cast
upon Grisland (c. 1380) 450;
French, taken by the English at
Newfoundland (1536) viii. 6; com-
pensation of Henry VIII. to, 7;
of Newland, rifled by the crew of
the Swallow, 50; Spanish, taken
by Charles Leigh (1597) 176; of
Belle Isle, taken by Charles Leigh,
178; European, cast away on

Wingandacoa, 307 ; Spanish, taken
by Sir Richard Grenville (1585)
317; English, of Sir Walter
Raleigh, third voyage to Virginia
(1586), by the, 346; Spanish, taken
by the English near Navassa
Island (1590) 411; bought from
Sir John Hawkins by Captain
Laudonniere (1565) ix. 80 ; French,
stratagem of a, at Gran Canaria
(1555) 340; Spanish, set on fire
by the Minion in S. Juan d'Ulloa
■(1568) 452; English, at Brazil,
Baptista Ramusio on (15 17) x. 4,
5 ; at S. Domingo, 4, 5 ; from S.
Domingo, and the mutinous
soldiers of Captain Laudonniere
{1565) 54; of S. Sebastian, cap-
tured by Christopher Carleill
(1585) 100; Spanish, from China,
despoiled and burnt by Thomas
Cavendish (1588) 165; Portuguese,
taken by Christopher Newport
{1591) 184; from Cuba, cap-
tured by Christopher Newport

(1591) 189; from Guiana, cap-
tured by William King (1592)
191 ; of Puerto de Cavallos,
boarded by William King (1592)
193 ; Portuguese, taken by Cap-
tain Raimond (1591) 194; from
Pegu, taken by the Edward Bona-
venture (1591) 195; Spanish, sunk
by Sir Robert Dudley (1595) 210;
English, captains and crew taken
by the Spanish, report of, by Don
B. Delgadillo (1596) 260; Flem-
ish, with the English admiral's
pass, met by Sir Anthony Sherley
at Araia Point (1596) 272; Span-

ish, captured by Captain Parker
at Campeachy (1597) 279; of
Alderman Wats at Dominica, 477 ;
Portuguese, taken by Sir Francis
Drake (1578) xi. 105; from Pan-
ama, and Nuno da Silva, and Sir
Francis Drake (1579) 142 ; to
Panama (1579) 144; English,
captured by the Spanish in the
Gulf of Darien, 232.

Shipbuilding, trees for, found in Vir-
ginia (1586) VIII. 371 ; in Fort
Caroline (1565) ix. 60.

Shipmasters, Prussian, prisoners in
Sandwich, 11. 14 ; Livonian, rifled
by English merchants, 14, 33 ;
goods of Livonian, unjustly de-
tained at Newcastle, 34 ; Prussian
and Livonian, 37 ; regulations for
Spanish, xi. 442.

Shipper Berlin of Prussia, the, 11.
61.

Shipping, the, of the Cinque Ports,
I. 42 f. ; of Pekin (1580) ill. 265;
and Hang-chow, 268 ; of merchan-
dise in Russia by the Muscovy
Company (1592) iii. 444; large,
at Cadiz (1596) iv. 244; English,
for Levant trade (c. 15 u) v. 63.

Ships, in the time of Edgar, i. 19,
23 ; Scottish boats in the reign of
Godred, 26; Magnus, King of
Norway, his fleet, 28 f. ; of Sum-
erled. King of Argyll (1156) 31,
(1158 and 1164) 32; King John's,
34; fleet of John de Courci and
Reginald, King of the Islands,
34; Olaf's fleet (1224) 36; Regi-
nald's ships, 37; fleet of Alex-
ander, King of Scots, 40; found
by the Cinque Ports, 47 f. ; French
fleets, 49; Tartar, 57; Tartar
boats, 156; free service of the
Cinque Ports' ships, 295; de-
livered to Prussia as restitution
(1403) II. 40; English, taken and
robbed by Hanse pirates, 60-
67, 69-71; Henry V.'s, iii; car-
racks of the Genoese, 123 ; gal-
leys of Venetians and Florentines,
124; King Edgar's, 138; Edward
III.'s, 142; carracks taken by
Henry V., 143; made at South-
ampton by Henry V., 143, 144;

402

INDEX

Spanish (1527) 166; regulations
by Cabot (1553) 195-205; discip-
line in the time of Edward VI.,
198; three, found by the Society
of Merchants (1553) 240, 279; in
London port, 287 ; for discoveries
in Queen Mary's time, 304; Eng-
lish privileged to sail everywhere,
313; inventory of, by pursers,
317; lading of, 317, 388; passen-
gers on, 319; unlading of, 320;
Russian, 346; four, provided for
Russian trade (1557) 357; Eng-
lish, only to be used by the Mus-
covy Company, iii. 90 ; flat-
bottomed, on the Volga, 104 ;
English, taken by Cossacks (1573)
155 ; of the freebooters, taken by
the Muscovy Company, 168; laden
with corn on the Dvina, 185 ;
hire of, 208 ; shifting of, to S.
Nicholas (1582) 306; early depar-
ture for S. Nicholas of English,
307; goods of English, in Russia
(1586) 351; built on the Dvina
for discovering the North-east
passage (1581) 454; flat-bottomed,
for the Armada (1588) iv. 204, 209 ;
war, of Queen Elizabeth, 207 ;
English, superior in quickness to
the Armada, 213, 224; of fire,
sent against the Armada, 222 ; Sir
Francis Drake's 225 ; flight of
Spanish, 228; losses of the Span-
ish, 229; return to Biscay of the
Spanish, 230; of Michael de
Oquendo, lost at sea, 230 ; Span-
ish, burnt on the Cadiz shore
(1596) 254; lost, off the Sicilian
coast (1270) 360; ordered for
Henry IV. 's intended conquest of
Jerusalem (1413) 455; Turkish,
to besiege Rhodes (1522) v. 5,
16; for Venice, use salt for bal-
last, 93 ; English, privileged to
enter Turkish ports (1580) 186;
to be helped by the Turks, 188;
of the Levant Company, notice to
be given of the, to the admiral of
England (1581) 199; English,
Turkish league against, in the
Levant (1583) 264; English, sunk
by two Algiers galleys (1584)
V. 268, 269; inventory of

English, sunk, by William Har-
borne (1584) 279-282; of drugs,
from the Indies to China,
405; made of boards, 468; from
Ormuz, description of the, vi. 6;
going to the East Indies with the
monsoons, 28; of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) 81 ; requisitioned in case
of war, 82 ; Portuguese, at Cape
Verde, 168; French, and William
Towerson's expedition to Guinea
(1556) 213; at Mina (1557) 217;
Portuguese, in Guinea (1557) 218,
220, 229 ; fight with the English
and French, 221; Danzig, laden
with French goods (1577) 232;
spoils of, 235 ; Spanish, bound
for the West Indies (1577)
235 ; French, on the African
coast (1577) 240; fight be-
tween English and French, 241 ;
English, at Mowre (1577) 244; at
Cormatin, 245; naval fight be-
tween English and Portuguese
(1567) 281; captured by the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1592) 398;
English, commission of the King
of Spain to the Corrigidor of Bis-
cay concerning the (1585) 417;
Sir Walter Raleigh's, voyage of,
to the Azores (1586) 434; French,
captured by the English (1589)
VII. I ; of Hanse towns, captured
by the English, 2 ; Spanish, towed
out of S. Michael harbour (1589)
3; off S. Marie's Island, 16; fight
of English and Spanish, in the
Strait of Gibraltar (1590) 31;
small English, and the Centurion
against the Spanish galleys (1591)
35 ; Dutch and English, fight be-
tween, near S. George's Island
^(1589) 63; Dutch, in Terceira, 65;
Spanish, taken by the English at
Terceira (1589) 68, 69, 75; Eng-
lish and Spanish, near Terceira
(1590) 72; Spanish and Portu-
guese, wrecked (1591) 86; of
white men or Blancos, 93 ; Span-
ish, taken by the Amity of Lon-
don (1592) 103; Spanish, and Sir
Walter Raleigh's fleet (1592) 105;
Sir John Burrough in danger from
Spanish, 109; Spanish, chased by

403

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Sir John Burrough and the Earl
of Cumberland, no; ordnance in
English (1594) 123; merchant,
near Sierra Nevada, 170; dangers
of ice to, in the northern regions,
93 ; of Captain Martin Frobisher
1576) 204, 279, (1577) 211, 284,
1578) 231, 243, 319; names of
officers and gentlemen on Captain
Frobisher's (1577) 285; of John
Davys (1585) 381,^ (1586) 393, 408,
(1587) 414; trading v^ithout Sir
Humphrey Gilbert's licence (1578)
VIII. 19 ; merchant, and the sup-
plies for Sir Humphrey Gilbert's
expedition (1583) 52 ; from Jersey,
for Canadian trade (c. 1581) 118,
146; from S. Malo, for Canada
(1591) 150; from S. Malo, cap-
tured by the Pleasure, 155 ; from
Sibiburo and S. Malo, 163, 168,
170; from Rochelle and Biscay,
174; from Belle Isle (1597) 178;
prepared at S. Malo for the third
voyage of Jacques Cartier (1540)
264 ; English and Spanish, fight
near Organes (1590) 420; of Cap-
tain Laudonniere return to France
(1564) IX. 26; Spanish, in the
Dolphin river (1565) 89, 90; Span-
ish, sent in pursuit of Captain
Gourgues (1568) no; seen on the
sea coast of Quivira, thought to
come from Cathay and China
(1540) 166; merchant, from Spain
to New Spain (1572) 391; one-
sailed, Chinese, 392 ; of war,
French, at Terceira, with Don
Antonio (1580) 442; four Spanish,
sunk by the English at S. Juan
d'Ulloa (1568) 453; provided by
Sir John Hawkins and others for
the negro trade (1562) x. 7; Span-
ish, burnt in the fight in S. Juan
d'Ulloa (1568) 72; to be provided
by Spain to oppose Sir Francis
Drake in West Indies, 95 ; in
Spain, 97; French, and Sir Fran-
cis Drake (1585) 99; Spanish,
captured by the Dog (1589) 156;
built in Cuba in 1590 for an ex-
pedition against England, planned
for (1592) 164; from S. Thom^
to Buenos Aires, 172 ; in Panama

(1590) 177; Spanish and English,
fight of, near Cuba (1591) 178; of
Christopher Newport's fleet (1591-
2) 184; captured by Christopher
Newport and Robert Freed (1591)
185 ; of Captain Raimond, for his
voyage to East Indies (1591) 194;
Portuguese, taken by the Edward
Bonaventure (1591) 196; of Sir
Robert Dudley's voyage to West
Indies (1594) 204; Spanish, taken,
sunk or burnt by Sir Robert Dud-
ley (1595) 205, 209, 211; of Sir
Amyas de Preston for his voyage
to West Indies (1595) 213; of
Southampton, at Gran Canaria
(1595) 215; at the Testigos, 216;
Spanish, Captain Sommers and

(1595) 223; of Southampton, and
Sir Amyas de Preston's fleet (1595)
225 ; Spanish, and the Francis, of
Sir Francis Drake's fleet (1595)
229 ; fight between Spanish and
English, at Pinos Island (1596)242,
250 ; Spanish, destroyed by the
English at Puerto Rico and Cadiz,
254; of Sir Anthony Sherley

(1596) 266; captured by Sir An-
thony Sherley (1596) 271, 272;
French, returning from the
Amazon river, wealth of, 366;
Spanish, sunk in the Bahama
Channel (1595) 427; Spanish, to
Guiana (1596) 462 ; and men levied
in Spain by Domingo de Vera for
the conquest of Guiana, 461 ;
Spanish, at Trinidad, 467 ; Span-
ish, at Trinidad and Conquerabia
(1596) 479; Spanish sent to Trini-
dad for the conquest of Guiana
(1596) 490; of Benjamin Wood,
bound for Magellan and China
(1596) XI. 2 ; Flemish, at Maio
and Fogo Islands (1597) 3 ; French,
of war, at Rio de Janeiro (1581)
35 ; Spanish, taken, by James
Lancaster (1596) 44, 46; taken by
the Solomon (1594) 46; French, at
Pernambuco (1595) 53; French,
at Rio Grande (1597) 66; French,
cast away on the coast of Peti-
guar (1597) 67; fight between
English and Spanish (1583) 94;
of Sir Francis Drake (1577) 102;

404

INDEX

of John Winter (1577) 148; of
Edward Fenton (1582) 163, 167;
Spanish, meet Edward Fenton
(1583) 194; from Hamburg,
Robert Withrington and (1586)
203 ; Portuguese, taken by Robert
Withrington (1587) 209, 216, 223,
225 ; French, taken by the Span-
ish (1575) 234; French, burnt in
Parajua, 249; of the Earl of
Cumberland, at Seal Island (1587)
249 ; English and Spanish, in the
Straits of Magellan (1582) 254;
wrecked in the Straits of Magel-
lan, 257-260; French, at Parajua,
taken by Diego Flores de Valdez,
271; of Thomas Cavendish (1586)
290; Biscayan, fight with Thomas
Cavendish (1586) 291; taken and
burnt by Thomas Cavendish in the
South Seas (1587) 312, 319, 321;
of John Chidley (1589) 381;
Japanese, in Korea (1591) 431;
regulations for Spanish, 442-
448.

Ships' names, see separate Index of
Ships, page 464,

Shipwey, see Sheppey.

Shipwright wanted in Russia by the
Muscovy Company (1565) iii. 45;
of the Grand Signior, pay of, vi.
64; in Sir Humphrey Gilbert's
expedition (1583) viii. 47.

Shirburne, see Sherborne.

Shirvan, iii. 21 ; description and pro-
ducts of, 24; Abd'Ullah Khan,
King of, and English trade (1562)
28 ; letter to the Sophi of Persia by
the King of, 32 ; a province of
Persia, 35 ; privileges granted to
English merchants by Abd'Ullah
Khan (1563) 39; trade in, by the
Muscovy Campany, 86, 88 ; or
Media, trees in, 166; Anthony Jen-
kinson in, 196; invaded by Tar-
tars and Crims (1577) 234.

Sholcaves, see Foxes.

Sholkalove, Andrew, Emperor of
Russia's chief secretary (1586) iii.

351-

Shooters' hoose, garden in Augs-
burg, V. 203.

Shoreman, ships from, in Edward
ni.'s fleet, I. 298.

Shotland, Willoughby's fleet off, 11.

218 f.
Shotland Head, latitude of, vii. 205.
Shotton, Timothy, translation of

Ersola's letter by (1587) xi. 331.
Shuracoima, Indian captain, x.

495-

Shurama river, Guiana, x. 459, 492.

Shurinama river, Guiana, x. 459,
492.

Shyawe, in Guinea, vi. 195.

Shyrvansha, land of, iii. 20.

Siacca, Demnar found in, vi. 26.

Siam, VI. 324; verzino trade in, v.
407; King of Pegu in, 408; war
between Pegu and, 489 ; benzoin
found in, 504; Tenasserim, in the
kingdom of, vi. 400 ; Belzuinum
Mandolalo found in, 26.

Sian, see Siam.

Siba, see Syban.

Sibel, or Sibil, Walter, of London,
ambassador to Prussia, 11. 18, 19,

25-
Siberia, city, iii. 257, 389; conquest
of (1584) 343, 388; best martens
found in, 365; Oliver in (1581)

454-

Sibiburo, ships of, in S. Pedro har-
bour, VIII. 163 ; in Halabolina har-
bour (1597) 167; Charles Leigh
and, 168; ships of, and the Hope-
well (1597) 173.

Sibut river, in Russia, iii. 408.

Sichiva ( ? Sze-chuen), eleventh shire
of China, vi. 296.

Sicilia, see Sicily.

Sicily, in Thome's map, 11. 171 ;
compared to Iceland, iv. 15,
104 ; proposed meeting place of
Richard I. and Philip, King of
France, 321; tribute owed to the
King of, 359; English trade in,
V. 62; Roger Bodenham's voy-
age to (1550) 71, 168; William
Harborne near (1583) 249; gal-
leys from, leagued against Eng-
lish ships (1583) 264; John
Evesham near (1587) vi. 35 ;
division of the English fleet near
(1586) 47; galleys of, in the pay
of Spain, 50; and Calabria, vii.
161 ; complexions of the people of,
284.

405

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Sickness of Jacques Carder's crew
in Holy Cross Port (1535) viii.
246; in France Roy fort (1542)
286; of Drake's crew (1585) x.
109; in Sir Amyas de Preston's
fleet (1595) X. 225; on the Desire
(1588) XI. 337-

Siculus, see Diodorus.

Siculus, Marinseus, ' Chronicle of
Spain ' by, vii. 160.

Sidmouth, Devon, ships from, in
Edward III.'s fleet, i. 297.

Sidney, Colonel, his regiment at the
taking of Puente de Burgos (1589)
VI. 492; march of, to Lisbon,
497> 500; returns to England,
510.

Sidney, Henry, speech to the Lon-
don merchants by, 11. 242.

Sidney, Sir Henry, lord-deputy of
Ireland (1568), and the North-
west passage, vii. 179 ; Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert with, in Ireland, xii.

25-

Sidney, Sir Philip, death of, at Zut-
phen (1586) XII. 41 ; and Hakluyt,
75 ; dedication of Hakluyt to, 79.

Sidon, Richard Wrag and (1594) vi.
107 ; description of, 108.

Sidonia, Sir Loys de, Grand Master
of Rhodes 's envoy to the Pope
(1522) V. 16.

Sidrach and India, vii. 18.

Siege of Rhodes, by Solyman (1522)
V. 1-80; of Famagusta (1571)
118-152 ; of Pernambuco, by Cap-
tain Lancaster (1595) xi. 47 ff.

Siena, Captain Gourgues in a battle
at, against the Spanish, ix. iii.

Sierra Leone, William Towerson at
(1556) VI. 212, (1557) 230; trade
between Mina and, 252 ; Sir John
Hawkins at (1564) 265; discovered
by Alouis de Cadomosta (1455)
VIII. 127 ; Sir John Hawkins at
(1568) IX. 446, (1562) X. 8, (1565) 23;
Job Hartop at, ix. 447 ; Sir Francis
Drake at (1580) xi. 132; Edward
Fenton at (1582) 174, 177; Robert
Withrington at (1586)205 ; Thomas
Cavendish at (1586) 291, 293, 367;
anchorage at, 371 ; Hawkins and
the capture of negroes at (1562)
XII. 47 ; Cape, latitude of, xi. 348 ;

soundings, 352 ; River, Thomas
Gregory privileged to traflfiic on
the (1592) VII. 102.

Sierra Nevada, in America, vii. 170.

Sierva, Diego, proposed as gover-
nor of Brazil by Feliciano Cieza
(1597) XI. 69.

Sifridus a Feuchtuvang, twelfth
master of the Dutch knights, 11.
6.

Sigala, Turkish Admiral, and Ed-
ward Barton (1593) vi. 102.

Sigean Promontory, see Cape Janis-
sary.

Sighelm, bishop of Sherborne (883)
Indian voyage of, i. Ixiii., iv. 279,
280.

Sigismund, Emperor, 11. 114;
makes peace between the Dutch
knights and Poland, 8; and
Calais, 137.

Sigismund II., King of Poland, letter
to Queen Elizabeth, 11. 485-487;
married to the daughter of Ferdi-
nando, iii. 100; on Russia, 135.

Signals of Sir Humphrey Gilbert's
fleet (1583) VIII. 44; pre-arranged
by Sir John Hawkins for his fleet
(1564) X. 10.

Signet, private, of the Sophi of Per-
sia, description of (1568) iii. 149.

Signior, Grand, see Solyman.

Sigra in Metelin, v. 250, 251.

Sigvardus, ninth bishop of Schalholt,
"in Iceland (1239) iv. 55, 154.

Silar, petrifying river, iv. 37, 132.

Silauria, William Harborne at (1583)
V. 251.

Silesden, William, of Lynn, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 69.

Silesia, invaded by Tartars, 11. 186;
Boleslav, Duke of, i. 159.

Silitari Company, in the Hungarian-
Turkish war (1594) VI. 104.

Siliveri, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

.324-
Silk, raw, in Persia, 11. 404, iii. 147,
231, 234; white, in Tripoli, vi. 2;
found in China, 26, 355 ; raw, taken
by English in captured ships, vii.
59, 60, 116; found in Mexico, ix.
358; found in Guiana, x. 427, 458;
duty on, in Edward I.'s charter, i.
337; use of, in England, in. 99;

406

INDEX

wrought, In Persia, 147, 161 ; Per-
sian dyeing of, 250 ; plentiful in
China, vi. 355, x. 165; wrought,
in New Spain (1572) ix. 390;
market, at Arrash, iii. 24; in
Georgia, 50; at Ardouill and
Tiflis, 51; in Gilan, 61; in Persia,
63; at Gilgat, 147; at Kazvin,
154; in Sumakoto, iv. 429.
Silk grass, found in Virginia, viii.

353.
Silkworms, round in Virginia (1586)

VIII. 353 ; in Shemakha, iii. 400.
Silland (PSeeland), Octher and, i.

14 f. ; Englishmen there, 15.
Silleum, Richard, witness to the

Bishop of Rome's letter on behalf

of John Foxe (1577) v. 166.
Sillie, see Scilly.
Silva, Don Pedro da, Portuguese, of

the family of Ruy Gomez, his

attempt to discover Guiana, x.

363-

Silva, Nuno da, Portuguese pilot,
voyage of (1577-1579) xi. 133-147;
taken prisoner by Sir Francis
Drake at Brava Island, 134, 152,
260; set free at Aguatulco (1579)
146.

Silva, Vasquez da, prisoner in Eng-
land (1588) IV. 213, 231.

Silvanus, abbot, and King Godred,
I. 32 f.

Silver, pound of, duty on, in Edward
I.'s charter, i. 337; arbitrary in-
crease of duty per pound of, 11.
74; mines of, in Japan, vi. 328,
333; stores of, in China, 354;
found in captured ships, vii. 66;
Spanish ships loaded with (1589)
68; mines of, in Orkney Islands,
286; mine of, in Smith's Island,
discovered by Captain Frobisher
(1577) 296; in Saguenay river,

VIII. 237 ; in Canada, 282 ; found
in Virginia (1586) 356; in Florida,
452, 482, IX. 12, 79, x. 57; trade
in, between the Indians of Florida
and Captain Laudonniere (1564)

IX. 21; in the kingdom of Calos
(1565) 50; found in Cevola, 163;
found in the Passaguates country
(1582) 190; mines in California,
318; mines in Nova Albion, 325;

found in Japan, 335; mines in
Mexico, 358, (1572) 382; mines in
Tamascaltepec, 364; mines in
Tomaangua, 367; mark of,
value of, 376; mines in Pac-
huca, 418; ornaments of, made
and worn by Indians, x. 58 ; mines
in Hispaniola, 115; brought from
Panama City to Nombre de Dios
(1587) 143; mines in China, 165;
mines in Marequita (1590) 175; in
Peru, 177; found in Paria, 207;
mine near the Caroli river, 403 ;
mines of, at S. Vincent, xi. 26;
mine found at Copaoba by Daur-
migas (1597) 67; captured by Sir
Francis Drake (1579) 115; at
Arica, 115; in Nova Albion, 123.

Silvester, Daniel, Anthony Jenkin-
son's interpreter (1571) m. 170,
192, 193.

Simerons, see Maroons.

Simkinson of Hull, bearer of
Thomas Garland's letter to John
Dee (1586) III. 445.

Simoltra, see Sumatra.

Simon de Sanct-Quentin, Friar, re-
lation of his voyage among Tar-
tars, I. 134.

Simons, Thomas, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.

' Simples,' found in Florida, viii.
462.

Simplicity of the Icelanders, iv. 67,
168.

Simpson, Thomas, quartermaster on
the Bona Esperanza (1553)11. 212.

Sinaboyarskey, or Russian soldiers,
III. 377.

Sinai, Mount, Moses and, viii. 102.

Sinamome, see Cinnamon.

Sinan, Pasha, letter of, to Queen
Elizabeth (1590) vi. 69, 71 ; war in
Hungary (1593) 96; general of the
Turkish army sent to Hungary
(1594) 104.

Sinaus or Sinees, ruler in North
Russia, III. 357 ; and the civilisa-
tion of Russia, II. 183.

Sin fondo Baia, mentioned in Rut-
tier to Magellan Strait, xi. 86.

Singonina, Island of, Laurence
Aldersey at (1586) vi. 42.

Sinnamon, see Cinnamon.

407

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Sinnergan, Isacan, King of, v. 484 ;

cotton cloth made in, 485.
Sintra, Peter, discoveries of (1497-

1510) vni. 128.
Sinus Finnicus, see Finland, Gulf of.
Sinus Persicus, see Persian Gulf.
Sio, see Chios.
Sion, see Siam.
Siquera, Francisco de, secretary of

the King of Portugal (1551) vi.

153.
Siraco, Francesco, Captain, slain at

Famagusta (1571) v. 150.
Sirroes, road of, in Teneriffe, x. 10.
Sisal, Cape, on the coast of Cam-
peachy, in Yucatan, x. 321.
Sittia, in Candia, Richard Wrag at

(1593) VI. 95.
Siusai, graduates of the first degree

in China, vi. 361.
Sivil, see Seville.
Sivyl, see Seville.
Sixtus v.. Pope, and the Armada

(1588) IV. 205.
Skafcayl or Connyk, in Persia, iii.

19.
Skagefiord, in Iceland, iv. 63, 163.
Skala, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

325-
Skalla, Russian weight, 11. 274.
Skegs, Richard, merchants' factor

in the Jesus (1583) v. 292 ; gives

his life for Andrew Dier, 300, 318.
Skeuelabs, Thomas, in Virginia

(1585) vin. 318.
Skevington, Thomas, captain of the

Elizabeth (1582) xi. 172.
Skicoak City, in Virginia, viii. 304,

306.
Skiko, son of Menatonon, prisoner

of Ralph Lane (1585) viii. 329,

335 ; ally of Ralph Lane, 339.
Skinner, James, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 317.
Skinner, Ralph, master's mate, in

John White's fleet (1590) vm. 415;

death of, 416.
Skins, used by natives, discovered

by John^ Davys (1585) vii. 387;

deer, painted, used as garments

by Indians, x. 57; Cordovan, trade

in, in Canaries, xi. 27.
Skites beare nesse, Arthur Pet at

(1580) m. 283.

Shout, see Scout.

Skyrasas, Turkish vessels in Crete

(1551) V. 73-
Slafsky, Mesthis, and the election of

Feodor Ivanowich, Emperor of

Russia (1584) in. 336.
Slany, member of the Muscovy

Committee, and Captain Carleill

(1583) vm. 147.

Slaves, Tartar, in Russia, 11. 455 ;
of Novgorod, revolt of the (1588)
III. 372 ; of Tartars, 394 ; galley,
and the Armada (1588) iv. 200;
thirty-eight Turkish, freed by the
English (1596) 262 ; conspiracy of
Turkish women in Rhodes (1522)
v. 18 ; Turkish, in Rhodes, slain
by the people (1522) 20; Christian,
at Alexandria, John Foxe and
(1577) 153-167; galley. Queen
Elizabeth's letter to Murad Khan
on behalf of English (1579) 177;
set at liberty, 185 ; English, in
Algiers, Sir Edward Osborne and

(1584) 268, 269 ; English merchants
made, in Tripolis (1584) 301 ;
freed (1585) 307; Christian liber-
ated by a Venetian galley (1585)
310; brought to England (1554)
VI. 176, 200, 205 ; negro, exchanged
for sugar (1567) 284; Anthony
Godard and his men sold as, in
Mexico, IX. 422 ; galley, descrip-
tion of the life of, by Job Hortop
(1570) 464; Sapies, to the Sam-
boses (1564) X. 17; duty on, in
Burburata (1565) 24.

Slavonia, see Dalmatia.

Siawkow, lead mines in, v. 326.

Sleds, II. 225, 250; Samoyedan,
338; wares sent by, in winter,
III. 82 ; travelling in Lapland on,

405-
Sleep, yearly, or 'death,' of the

people of Lucomoria, iii. 408.
Sleepers, Seven, Edward the Confes-
sor's vision of the (1056) iv.

286.
Sleeve, the, Robert Withrington in,

with the Hamburg ships (1586) xi.

203.
Slesia, see Silesia.
Sleyre, Gerard, and the English

ships, II. 62.

408

INDEX

Sloboda, Kholmogory to, in. 70;

Anthony Jenkinson leaves, 179.
Sloboday, Southam and Sparke at

(1566) III. 77.
Slothone or Sloczow, Henry Austell

at (1585) V. 325.
Slotnike, Russian weight, 11. 274.
Sloure Sound, Arthur Pet in the

(1580) III. 301.
Slovoda, Emperor of Russia's House

of Solace at (1568) iii. 107.
Sluce, see Sluys.
Slude, rock found in Karelia, used

for glass in Russia (1588) iii. 368.
Sluys, II. 116; battle of, 142; Mat-
thew Gourney at, iv. 444; King

of France at (1386) 446; King of

Armenia at, 449.
Smart, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.
Smart, Thomas, child settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 403.
Smerwick, John White at (1587)

VIII. 401.
Smille, Murse, of Nagaya, Tartar

prince, 11. 454, 457.
Smirna, see Smyrna.
Smith, master's mate of the Tohy,

and Hakluyt, xii. 76.
Smith, Edward, mariner on the

Bona Esperanza (1553) n. 213.
Smith, Edward, taken prisoner by

Indians on Puna Island (1587) xi.

318.
Smith, Edward, and the mutiny on

board the Desire (1592) xi. 396;

distress of, at Port Desire, 399 ;

sent on Penguin Island (1592) 408,

410; slain by wild men, 411.
Smith, Francis, distress of, at Port

Desire (1592) xi. 399,
Smith, Gilbert, privileged trader in

Senegal (1588) vi. 443-450-
Smith, Hugh, account of Arthur Pet

and Charles Jackman's discover-
ies by (1580) III. 282-303.
Smith, Hugh, pilot of the Edward

Cotton (1583) VI. 408, 410.
Smith, James, quartermaster's mate

on the Bona Esperanza (1553) n.

213.
Smith, James, persecuted for his

faith, in Tripolis (1584) v. 305;

set free, 309.

XII 409

Smith, John, quartermaster's mate
on the Bona Esperanza (1553) 11.
213.

Smith, John, leaves Astrakhan (158 1)
III. 245, 282-303.

Smith, John, of Southampton,
master of the George (1567) vi.
270.

Smith, John, on the Content, non-
combatant (1591) X. 183.

Smith, Nicholas, of the Maria Mar-
tin (1584) V. 281.

Smith, Sir Thomas, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Smith, Sir Thomas, and the East
India Company, xii. 92.

Smith, Thomas, ship-master, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 64, 65.

Smith, Thomas, Russian licence
granted to (1569) iii. 109, (1586)
348.

Smith, Thomas, of the Levant Com-
pany (1581) V. 193-202.

Smith, Thomas, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Smith, William, mariner (1565) iii.
48.

Smith, William, ship-master, and
the Cossacks (1573) in. 155.

Smith's Island, in Jackman's Sound,
discovered by Captain Frobisher
(1577) VII. 296.

Smiths, in Sir Humphrey Gilbert's
expedition (1583) viii. 47.

Smolensk, province of Russia, in.
358 ; fertility of, 360 ; and war
with Poland, 368; conquest of,
386.

Smolensk City, 11. 396, iii. 370 ; con-
quest of, by Emperor Basil
(1514) II. 190; from Moscow to,
III. 68 ; taken by Russia, 100, 386 ;
garrison of, 337, 373.

Smolensk©, see Smolensk.

Smolkin, Master, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Smyrna, Richard Wrag at (1594) vi.
107.

Smyrnophora, or myrrh-producing
country in Africa, vi. 169.

Smyth, William, master of the Gab-
riel (1577) VII. 285; death of, 315.

Snarke, Haunce, captain of free-
booters (1570) III. 168.

2D

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Snelling, Master, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 317.
Snow, Arthur Pet in a storm of

(1580) III. 294; in Russia, 361;

storm, in Meta Incognita (1578)

VII. 238, 343 ; on the mountains
under the Equinoctial, 261 ; in
Newfoundland, viii. 57.

Snycop, James, ship-master, and

Prussian pirates, 11. 70.
Soap, found in Newfoundland (1583)

VIII. 117.

Sobakin, Ivan, diake of the Em-
peror of Russia, and English mer-
chants (1583) III. 329.

Sobissacalo Mountains, iv. 409.

Soboal, Tartars and, i. 86.

Soca, see Ghetto.

Socas, Captain Mango Caucaso de,
his return from England (1589)
VI. 485.

Societies of the Hanse Merchants
(1407) II. 79, 82, 83; of merchants
for the discovery of new markets,
240 ; two, for the Western
Planting (1583) viii. 113; privi-
lege for the adventurers, 116.

Soconusco, John Chilton in (1570),
Cacao growing in, ix. 365 ; rains
in, 369; Cacao used as coin and
goods in (1572) 384.

Socrates Scholasticus, ecclesiastical
writer, viii. 107.

Sodom, John Eldred at the lake of
(1587) VI. 9.

Sodom, in Russia, iii. 216.

Sodor and Man, bishops of, Nicholas
of Meaux (1203) i. 33, 34; Regi-
nald (1217-1226) 34, 35; Richard
(1252-1275) 40.

Sofia, Henry Austell at (1585) v. 323.

Soford or Seford, see Seaford.

Sogisney Island, Southam and
Sparke at (1566) in. 74.

Sokotra, vi. 384, 394 ; aloe secutrina
found in, vi. 26; monsoon from,
for Ormuz, 29 ; Portuguese pos-
session, viii. 445.

Solana, Gonsalvo de, of Encisa,
Spain, letter to, from Christopher
Uslano of Potosi (1590) x. 171.

Solanga, Friar William de. Friar
Odoric's account taken down by
(1330) IV. 442.

Solangi, see Solangians.

Solangians, i. 85, 86, 135, 170;
dukes of the, at Kaiuk's Court,
170.

Solbulve Company in the Hungar-
ian-Turkish war (1594) VI. 104.

Soldaia, see Sudak.

Soldan, see Sultan.

Soldania, summer residence of the
Emperor of Persia, iv. 410.

Soldatello or Soldatelli, of Agubio,
captain, wounded at Famagusta
(1571) V. 137; made slave, 151.

Soldiers, of Rostock, 11. 68; Rus-
sian, hardiness of, 230, 258; re-
wards of, 231, 259; apparel of,
424 ; description of, by Giles
Fletcher, iii. 377-386; Polish,
voluntary service of (1584), in
Russia, 344; foreign, in the
Armada land army (1588) iv. 205;
visit of foreign, to Jerusalem (1107)
301 ; English, two executed on
Plymouth Hoe (1596) 237; at
Constantinople (1177) 311; Valour
of, VI. 519; fear inspired by
211; thirty sent to Meta Incog-
nita to winter (1578) vii. 321;
Venetian, in Famagusta (1571) v.
95, 129; Albanian, in Venetian
army, 135 ; Turkish or Azappi, pay
of, VI. 64 ; in Constantinople, 103 ;
sent to Hungary (1594) 104; Span-
ish, pay for, wanted in Havana
(1590) X. 159; sent to Puerto Rico
(1590) 162; kept from running
away, 163 ; in Margarita, with
Don Antonio de Berreo (1595) 206.

Sole, Sebastian del, captain, slain at
Famagusta (1571) v. 151.

Sole, William, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Soliman Bey, at Famagusta (1571)
V. 148; slain, 152.

Soliman, Emperor, see Solyman,

Soliman, Sorda, letter-bearer of John
Tipton (1584) V. 276.

Soline, on the elephant, vi. 165.

Solis, discovery of the river Plate by,
XI. 252.

Solis, Francis de, Andrew de Cam-
po, gardener of, ix. 166.

Solis, river of, mentioned in Ruttier,
XI. 97.

410

INDEX

Solo, Captain, Juan de, del tercio de
Naples (1589) VI. 514.

Solofky monastery and the monks
(1566) III. 75.

Solomon and the Queen of Sheba,
VI. 145, 169; and gold from Cef-
fala, VIII. 128; ships of, xii. 15.

Solomon. King of Hungary, and
Edmund Ironside's sons, i. 25.

Solomon, the, flagship of the Mus-
covy Company (1582) iii. 304.

Solomon, the, Sir John Hawkins'
voyage to the West Indies with
(1564) VI. 263, X. 9; lost for four
days, 17; death of Captain Field
of, at Bymba, 22, 23.

Solomon, the, and the Spanish ships
(1590) VII. 31, 32, 33.

Solomon, the, of Weymouth, Ran-
dal, captain of (1578) vii. 322; in
Countess of Warwick's Sound
(1578) 239; attendant on the
Judith, 324.

Solomon, the, of Sir Francis Drake's
fleet, voyage of, to Mexico
Bay (1592) X. 190, (1595) 227;
surgeon of, taken prisoner in
Grand Canary Island, 228; and
the Spanish ships (1596) 243.

Solomon, the, ship of James Lan-
caster (1594) XI. 43; damaged at
the Range of Dartmouth, 44;
ships taken by (1594) 46.

Solomon of Plymouth, the, Hassan,
viceroy of Algiers, and (1584) v.
280; crew of, 281.

Solomon, Cape, in Crete, v. 84.

Solomon Islands, discovery of (1568)
IX. 392, XI. 287; gold and victuals
found on, 289; meaning of the
name of, 290.

Solomon's Porch, discovered by Cap-
tain Fenton (1578) vii. 346.

Solonia, i. 231.

Solor, sandal trade in, v. 407.

Solovetskiye Island, English mer-
chants at (1569) III. 116.

Solovetsky, salt at, iii. 368.

Soltweded, Henry Austell at (1585)
V. 327.

Solvsca monastery, S. Nicholas to,
III. 69.

Solyman, Sultan, The Magnificent,
and the city of Rhodes (1522) v.

1-60 ; Sir Andrew de Merall and,
5 ; letter from, to the Grand
Master of Rhodes, 13 ; his envoys
to Rhodes, 48; portrait of, 48;
and the ambassadors from Rhodes,
57; the Grand Master of Rhodes'
visit to, 60 ; embassy from Don
Ferdinando to Henry VIII. against
(1527) 61 ; his expedition to Syria
(1553) 105 J description of, 107;
his safe conduct to Anthony Jen-
kinson, 109; contemporary of
Charles V., vi. 105; and the brass
pillars of the Mosque of Mecca, v.

353-

Som, province In China, xi. 380.

Somaridune, Castle, in the county
of Lindsey, iv. 371.

Sombrero Channel, at Sumatra
Island, V. 403.

Sombrero Island, latitude of, x. 333.

Some, in Russia, Lapina to, iii. 81 ;
salt fetched from, 82.

Some, Stephen, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88.

Somers, John, Russian licence
granted to (1569) Iii. 109.

Somers, Sir George, shipwreck of,
on the Bermudas, xii. 112.

Somerset, Edward, Duke of, see
Seymour.

Somme, meaning of, vi. 23.

Somme river, in Florida, discovered
by Captain Ribault (1562) viii.
460; Paracoussy of the. Captain
Laudonniere and the (1564) ix. 13 ;
food found near the, by Captain
Laudonniere (1565) 75; rendez-
vous of Captain Gourgues and the
Indians (1568) 103.

Sommers, Captain George, voyage
of, to West Indies (1595) x. 213-
226 ; and the ships of Southamp-
ton at Gran Canaria (1595) 215;
at the taking of S. lago de Leon
(1595) 220; and the Spanish ships
(1595) 223 ; dangers of, in a storm
(1595) 224.

Sonda Island, near Java, v. 405.

Sondiva Island, in India, v. 437;
Ralph Fitch near (c. 1583) 485.

Sonnings, Romane, merchant's fac-
tor in the Jesus (1583) v, 292 ; and
Miles Dickenson, 294; and the

411

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Kingf of Tripolis, 295 ; condemned

to death by the King of Tripolis,

299, 300; ill-behaviour of, 318.
Sonsonate, in Guatemala, John

Chilton in (1568) ix. 364, 366,

(1570) 374; distance from, to the

South Sea, x. 275 ; ships from

(1587) XI. 319; bay, from, to Agua-

tulco, 362.
Sophet Keri Alii, King of the Crim

Tartars (1584) iii. 344.
Sophi of Persia, see Thamas I.
Sophia, daughter of Thomas Palaeo-

logus, second wife of Ivan Vasili-

wich, II. 189.
Sophia, see Sofia.
Sophronius, patriarch of Jerusalem

(1064) IV. 292.
Sophy, see Sophi.
Sorachyn, mourning time at the

Russian court, iii. 337.
Sorani, Zichmni, Duke of (1380) vii.

448.
Sorat, see Surat.
Sorel, see Sorrel.
Soria, Hernando de, treasurer of the

King of Spain's mint, and Job

Hortop (1570) IX. 464.
Soria, Marquess of, and the defence

of Spain (1585) x. 96.
Soroka, on the Owiga, iii. 76;

dangers of crossing to, 78; S.

Nicholas to, 82.
Sorrel, used by the Indians of

Cumana, x. 28 ; found in Florida,

51.

Sorstyn Mountain, salt mines in, v.
326.

Sosnova, a Russian tree, iii. 72.

Sossa river, iii. 408, 409.

Sotherich, James, of the Maria Mar-
tin (1584) v. 281.

Sotile, weight of Venice, vi. 17.

Sotinoz, Cape, Stephen Borough at
(1557) II. 368.

Soto's Expedition to Florida, trans-
lated (1609) XII. 83.

Soudil, the, of the French fleet (1591)
VIII. 150.

Sour Beer Cape, Stephen Borough
at (1557) n. 371.

Sousa, Baltazar Almeida, Philip II.,
King of Spain, and (1591) vi.
468.

Sousa, Don Francisco de, governor
of Brazil (1596) xi. 64; and Felici-
ano Cieza (1597) 69.

Sousa, Ruy de, ambassador to Eng-
land, from Portugal (1481) vi.
123.

Souses, Petro de, in Teneriffe, vi.
269.

South, Cape, John Evesham at
(1586) VI. 35.

Southam, Thomas, discovery by

(1566) III. 73-83; joint witness of
the Russian privileges (1567) 97;
and the council (1569) 118; death
of, in the Moscow fire (1571) 169.

Southampton, 11. 78; ships from, in
Edward III. 's fleet, i. 298 ; and the
customs. 355 ; bailiff of, King John
and, 320; the Merlin brought to
(1564) VI. 262; George Fenner at

(1567) 284; John White at (1587)
401 ; Sir Robert Dudley's depar-
ture from (1594) x. 204; ships of,
with Captain Sommers at Gran
Canaria (1595) 215; ships at Tes-
tigos, with Captain Willis, 216;
ships of, and Sir Amyas de Pres-
ton's fleet (1595) 225; Sir Anthony
Sherley's departure from (1596)
266; voyages to Brazil by some
merchants of, xi. 25, xii. 47.

South European Islands, Thome's

map of, II. 171.
Southley, Bartholomew of, witness

of Edward I.'s great charter, i.

296.
South Sea, see Pacific Ocean.
Southwell, Sir Robert, captain of the

Elizabeth Jonas (1588) iv. 218; in

the Cadiz expedition (1596) 247;

portrait of, 248; at the taking of

Cadiz, 252.
Souza, Martin Alonso de, and the

Portuguese arms graven at Seal

Island, XI. 249; country belong-
ing to, 251.
Soveraigne, see Sovereign.
Sovereign, chief officer of a town, in

Ireland, vii. 28.
Sowchick to Camchick, five days'

journey, 11. 481.
Sowday, in Crete, Laurence Alder-

sey at (1586) vi. 41.
Sower Beere Cape, see Sour Beer.

412

INDEX

Sowing In Virginia (1586) viii. 361 ;

in Florida, 455.
Soyava, Kholmogory to, iii. 70.
Soychin, province of China, xi.

379-

Sozomen, ecclesiastical writer, viii.
107.

Spacheford, Thomas, English mer-
chant, in the Canary Islands
(1526) VI. 124.

Spada, Cape, in Crete, v. 84.

Spagna, Nova, see New Spain.

Spahis, in the Hungarian-Turkish
war (1594) VI. 104.

Spain, ships of, before Calais (1345)
I. 299; and Edward I.'s great
charter, 333 ; products of, 11.
115 f. ; discovery of the West
Indies by, 161 ; treatment of con-
tagious illnesses in, 164 ; trade and
navigation of (1527) 165 f. ;
Thome's map of, 169; Cuba and
Dominica discovered by (1492)
173 ; contention with Portugal,
173-180; Anthony Jenkinson in,
III. 195 ; Robert de Ketene,
student of astrology in (1143) iv.
309 ; and trade with the Hanse
towns (1588) VI. 59; Gran Can-
aria, Teneriffe, and Palma, sub-
ject to, 131 ; prophecy of an Indian
against (1589) 387; discourse
written by Colonel Anthony Wing-
field, on the voyage to (1589) 470-
527; war with, advised (1589)
516-527; products of, 520; wealth
of, 523 ; tyranny of, on matters of
religion (1591) vii. 52; and the
French leaguers against the King
of Navarre (1590) 75 ; unsuccessful
against England in Florida, viii.
37; conquests of, 124; English
trade with, by Captain Carleill
(1583) 137; climate of, 384; Queen
of France's charge to Captain
Laudonniere about (1564) ix. 40;
Robert Tomson and Augustin
Boacio sent to (1557) 349; John
Chilton in (1561-1568) 360; ord-
nance and soldiers sent to West
Indies from (1580) 441; Miles
Philips in, 443 ; ships and army
prepared by, to oppose Sir Francis
Drake, x. 95 ; to oppose Don

Antonio, 96; course from Havana
to, mentioned in the Ruttier, 298;
course from Bahama Channel to,
300; from S. Juan d'UUoa to,
323 ; course from Havana to, in
second Ruttier, 325 ; from Bahama
Channel to, 326; Philip II., King
of, and John Foxe (1577) v. 167;
and the English trade in the Lev-
ant (1586) VI. 46; and the Eng-
lish ambassador at Morocco (1577)
288 ; commission of, concerning
English ships (1585) 417; and Eng-
land (1589) 518; tribute of the In-
dies to, ix. 375; part owner of
Atoyaque and Xicaian towns, etc.,
470 ; letter to, from John de Trex-
eda (1590) X. 159; displeasure of,
with Pedro Sarmiento, xi. 272.
Spain, New, in America, discovered
by Christopher Columbus (1492)
vii. 464; latitude of, viii. 450;
fleet of (1591) VII. 54, (1589)
71, (1591) 87; papal bulls
for (1592) 105; Anthony Men-
doza, viceroy of (1592) 169;
Don Antonio de Mendoza, gover-
nor of (1539) IX. 115; Conde de
Corunna, viceroy of (1581) 187 ; re-
turn of Captain Ulloa to (1540)
278; Colima, haven of, 279; voy-
age of Robert Tomson to (1555)
338-358; Roger Bodenham in
(1564) 359; discourse of John Chil-
ton on (1568) 360-377; Henry
Hawks 's account of the products
of (1572) 378-397 ; adventures of Job
Hortop in (1568) 445-465; voyage
of Sir John Hawkins to (1564) x.
9; trade between China and (1590)
165 ; effect on markets of, caused
by the Spanish Armada's defeat
(1590) 166; sale of quicksilver
in, by the King of Spain (1590)
167 ; and the letter of Friar Alon-
so, bishop of Mechuacan (1590)
168; distress of, and the
King of Spain's want of money
(1590) 173; course from S. An-
tonio Cape to, 294; in second Rut-
tier, 316; Ruttier for, 280-305;
from S. Domingo to, in second
Ruttier, 312; soundings near, xi..
355-

413

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Spaniards delivered by the English
from the Turks (1581) m. 238;
sixty bands of, in the Armada
(1588) IV. 205; unfair dealings of,
V. 76; fight of, with English
merchants (1552) vi. 139; aboard
the Primrose (1585) 414; fishing
of, in Newfoundland (1578) viii.

10, 11; and Sir Richard Grenville
on S. John Island (1585) 312; Sir
John Hawkins and the, at S. Juan
d'Ulloa, 315; prisoners of the In-
dians of Florida set free by Cap-
tain Laudonniere (1565) ix. 49;
landing of, in Florida (1565) 88,
112 ; Fort Caroline entered by, 95 ;
treatment of Indians (1567) 102;
attack of Captain Gourgues on,
104, 108; at Cevola (1540) 307;
at Essequibo river (1597) xi. 12.

Spanish Armada, see Armada.
Spanish town, in Trinidad, see Port

of Spain.
Spanne, Russian measure for liquids,

11. 275.

Spar, White, found in Guiana, by
Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) X.
344; abundance of, in Guiana,
404.

Sparke, John, assistant to the Mus-
covy Company, 11. 307 ; discovery
by (1566) III. 73-83 ; Russian licence
granted to (1569) 109; his voyage
into Persia (1568) 136; at Kazvin,

137-
Sparke, John, the younger, second
voyage to the Indies of Sir John
Hawkins, written by (1564) x. 9-

63.

Sparrow, Francis, entrusted to Topi-
awari, lord of Aromaia, by Sir
Walter Raleigh (1595) x. 414; in-
structions of Sir Walter Raleigh
to, 416; prisoner of Santiago,
462.

Spayne, see Spain.

Speachman or Talmack, 11. 353.

Spearmen, or Mustafaracas, of the
Grand Signior, pay of, vi. 6^.

Spears, i. 80.

' Speculum Regale,' on Iceland, iv.
19, no.

Speedwell of Bristol, the, Andrew
Barker's ship, bound for Teneriffe

(1594) X. 82; driven back to Eng-
land by a storm (1585) 10 1.

Spell, to break up a Cion or water-
spout, V. 90.

Spencer, George Turberville's verses
to (1568) III. 127-131.

Spencer, lieutenant of the ordnance
at the Groyne, death of (1589) vi.
487.

Spencer, Alderman, and Captain
Carleill (1583) viii. 147.

Spencer, John, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75, 78.

Spendlove, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Spenser, Edmund, quotation from
the ' Faerie Queene,' xii. loi ; and
his works, 107.

Spenser, Hugh Le, see Despenser.

Speranze, see Bona Esperanza.

Sperthius, self-sacrifice of, iv. i, 89.

Spheres, half, of the world, by
Joseph Moletius, vii. 193.

Sphinx, the, v. 337.

Spicer, Edward, master of the fly-
boat, in John White's fleet (1587)
VIII. 392 ; his arrival at Cape
Tiburon (1590) 410; at Roanoke
Island, 414 f. ; death of, 415, 416.

Spicer, Nicolas, privileged trader in
Senegal (1588) vi. 443-450-

Spiceries of Spain and Portugal, 11.
164 f., 170, 175; from England to
the, 177; of the Molucca Islands,
Portuguese possession, viii. 129.

Spices, trade in, in Ormuz (1563) iii.
43 ; prices of, in Persia, 57, 142 ;
Persian market of, 67, 147, 154;
brought to Ormuz by Portuguese,
161 ; imported to England, v. 63 ;
market at Alexandria and Cairo
(1584) 273; at Bussorah, 372; at
Cambaietta, 375 ; at Cananore
391 ; at Cochin, 392, 395 ; at Cey
Ion, 399; in Banda, 403; in Sum
atra, 404, 498; in Malacca, 405
in Orissa, 409 ; in Tenasserim
412; in Pegu, 428; in India, de
scription of, 442 ; bought for
traffic in India by John Newbery
(1583) 454. 455; found in Ormuz,
468 ; in Masulipatam, 472 ; ol
China, vi. 355 ; taken in the
Madre de Dios (1592) vii. 116; in

414

INDEX

Canada, found by Jacques Cartier
(1587) VIII. 274; in Philippine
Islands, xii. 21.

Spicknard, see Spikenard.

Spikenard, found in Scinde and La-
hore, VI. 25.

Spinola, Francisco, captain of the
Conception (1591) vii. 59.

Spinosa, companion of Vasquez de
Coronado, death of (1540) ix. 150;
soldier of Captain tJlloa (1539)
238 ; lands on the Island of Cedars,

259-

Spirit, man-killing, in Iceland, iv.
28, 121.

Spirito Santo, Baia do, in Brazil,
Ruttier for, xi. 80; latitude of,
82; English ships at (1583) 94;
mentioned in Ruttier, 100 ; friars
at (1582) 184.

Spirito Santo, Cabo del, on Luzon,
in the Philippines, xi. 329; lati-
tude of, 350; from, to the entrance
of the Straits of Philippines, 364;
Thomas Cavendish at (1588) 370.

Spisemsky or Phisemsky, Feodor
Andrewich, Russian envoy to
Queen Elizabeth (1583) in. 310,
315; ambassador of John Vasili-
wich. Emperor of Russia, to Eng-
land (1582) 463.

Spits, Willoughby's fleet at the, 11.
217.

Spodio di Cana, found in Cochin,
VI. 26.

Spodium, found in Cambay (1584)

V. 505-

Sponges, Lapis Spongii found in,

VI. 27.

Spouts, the, or Bufladeros, in
Hispaniola, x. 283.

Sprat, Cape, see Espartel.

Springs, hot, in Mechuacan, in New
Spain, IX. 384.

Spy, Jewish, in Rhodes, v. 3 ; Turk-
ish, 5 ; Spanish, and Captain
Gourgues (1568) ix. 106.

Squirrel, the, of Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert's expedition (1583) viii. 47,
XII. 37; meets the Golden Hind
at S. John Harbour, viii. 51; Sir
Humphrey Gilbert in the, 62, 69,
73 ; loss of, in a storm, 74, xii.
38.

Squirrels, Calaber or gray, iii. 364;

flying, in Russia, 369; found in

Virginia (1586) viii. 368.
Stad, see Norw^ay.
Stadacona, dwelling place of Don-

nacona, fruitfulness of (1535) viii.

220; Jacques Cartier at, 221, 230;

description of, 244; pestilence in,

246.
Staden, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

320.
Staff, used by Captain Frobisher for

taking latitudes (1577) vii. 316.
Staff, Russian Imperial, price of the

(1584) III. 339.
Stafford, George Turberville's friend,

in Russia (1568) iii. 130.
Stafford, Captain Edward, in Vir-
ginia (1585) VIII. 317; sent to

Croatan Island, 338, 393 ; and the

unknown fleet (1586) 342; at S.

Cruz, 388; at Virginia, 391,

396.

Stafford, Edmund, on board the Aid
(1577) VII. 285.

Stafford, John, chaplain on the Ed-
ward Bonaventiire (1553) n. 213.

Stafford, Richard, chaplain for
Cabot's intended voyage, 11. 206.

Stafford, Sir Edward (1552-1605),
Queen Elizabeth's ambassador at
Paris, I. xvii., xxxi., xii. 82.

Stafford, Sir John, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.

Stainford Bridge, see Stamford.

Stalame, King, in Florida (1562)
VIII. 474.

Stamford, Arthur Pet at (1580) in.
282.

Stamford Bridge, battle of, i. 25.

Standish, Doctor, Emperor of Rus-
sia's physician, n. 397, 429, 430.

Stanfew Harbour, Willoughby's fleet
in, II. 219.

Stanlaw, foundation of the abbey of
(1172) IV. 310.

Stanley, Sir William, leader of seven
bands of English soldiers in the
Armada (1588) iv. 205; at Dun-
kirk, 220.

Stanton, Captain Richard, land-
captain in Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1586) X. 28.

Stanton, Robert, master gunner on

415

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

the Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.
213.
Stapelapa, Miles Philips at (1580) ix.

434-

Staper, member of the Muscovy
Committee, and Captain Carleill
(1583) vm. 147.

Staper, James, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 75,^ 78.

Staper, Richard, his information on
Turkish trade, i. xxix. ; and the
Levant trade (1578) v. 167, 170,
VI. 73 ; privileges granted to, by
Queen Elizabeth (1581) v. 192; of
the company for the Levant trade
(1581) 193-202, (1592) VI. 75, 78;
and the Grand Master of Malta,

V. 218; and the Jesus (1583) 292;
and the accounts of the bark Rai-
nolds, 454; and Ralph Fitch's
voyage to India (1583) 465; mem-
ber of the Barbary Company (1585)

VI. 419, 420 f. ; Robert Flicke's re-
port to (1591) VII. 56; owner of
the Tohy (1593) 124; John Whit-
hall's letter to (1578) xi. 26-30.

Staple, ordinance of the, i. 352.

Star, North, xi. 162.

Stararovse, best Russian salt at, iii.

368.
Starkey, Alexander, lieutenant of Sir

Francis Drake's fleet, death of

(1586) X. 134.

Starkie, Thomas, member of the

Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Starky, John, Mercer, Levant trader

(1535) V. 69.
Starnatan, town in Canada, viii.

244.
Start Point, vi. 261 ; George Fenner

at (1567) 284.
Starte, John, settler in Virginia

(1587) vin. 402.

Staryts, Emperor of Russia at
(1572)111. 179; Anthony Jenkinson
at, 180; his departure from, 193.

States, Eastern, and the English
trade in Russia (1567) iii. 99.

Staves, Indian, found by sailors of
Captain Ulloa (1539) ix. 226.

Stealing in the Custom House of
Pegu, V. 430.

Steel, Tartar and Russian, 11. 382.

Stelston, Thomas, mariner on the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.

214.
Stepan Batore, see Stephen Bathory.
Stepanitze, see Stepnitz.
Stephen, twenty-fifth bishop ofSchal-

holt, in Iceland (1494) iv. 38,

156.
Stephen Bathory, King of Poland

(1580) m. 385, 386.
Stepnitz, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

325-

Sterfier, harbour, 11. 223.

Stert, see Start.

Stetine, see Stettin.

Stettin, in Pomerania, Sir Jerome
Horsey at (1584) iii. 345; William
Harborne at (1588) vi. 58; hulk,
with Spanish goods, captured by
the English (1589) 510.

Stevens, Father Thomas, of St.
Paul's College, in Goa (1583) v.
460, 463; and Ralph Fitch's sure-
ties, 471 ; and John Newbery
(1583) VI. 7.

Stevens, Patrick, steward's mate on
the Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.
214.

Stevens, Thomas, letter of, i. Ixxi. ;
Richard Hakluyt and a letter of
(1583) V. 452; letter to his father
from Goa (1579) vi. 377-385-.

Stevens, Thomas, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Stevens, William, gunner, of the
Hugh Gallant, killed by Indians
(1587) XI. 306.

Stevenson, James and Charles, in
Virginia (1585) vm. 317.

Steventon, Thomas, letter-bearer of
Sir Francis Walsingham (1582)
VIII. 132 ; chosen captain by the
Company of Merchants, 133.

Steward of the Emperor of Russia's
household, Gregory Vasiliwich
Godonoe (1588) iii. 413.

Stewart, Lord Robert, governor of
Orkney, vii. 287.

Steyhard, Nicholas, of Cley, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 65.

Sticfla Stodum, Norway, martyrdom
of Saint Olaf in, iv. 48, 145.

Stile, Nicolas, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88; member of the

416

INDEX

Barbary Company (1585) 419,
420 f.

Stile, Oliver, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88; member of
the Barbary Company (1585) 419,
420 f.

Stilman, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Stizen, Henry Austell near (1585) v.
322.

Stoad, William Harborne at (1588)
VI. 58.

Stocket, Nicholas, ambassador to
Prussia, 11. 18, 19, 25.

Stockholm, trade with Narva (1576)
III. 207; Thomas Alcock's letter
from (1560) II. 407.

Stocks, Knit, sale of, abroad (1582)
V. 230.

Stoke-under-Hamdon , burial-place
of Matthew Gourney, iv. 444.

Stoke under Hampden, see Stoke-
under-Hamdon.

Stokes Bay, the Toby sails from
(1593) VII. 124.

Stone, Thomas, quartermaster on
the Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.
213.

Stone, able to run, in Iceland, iv.
44, 140; black, fallen from heaven,
at Mecca, v. 353, 355.

Stones, precious, brought back from
India by Sighelm, iv, 280; to pre-
vent wounds, 418; in Ceylon, 421 ;
Merdochas, 430; found in Beller-
gan, V. 472; in Caplan, 496; in
Pegu, 504; variety of, found in
the Western Planting (1583) viii.
116.

Stones, Turkey, see Honestones.

Stoning, Andrew, murder of, in-
tended by Captain Hawlse (1589)
XI. 388.

Stonor, I. 47.

Stora, port of Tunis (1553) vi. 143.

Storax calamita, found in Rhodes
and Canemarie, vi. 25 ; liquida,
found in Rhodes, 25 ; liquida,
found in Florida, x. 57.

Storie, James, painter, enters St.
Paul's College, in Goa (1583) v.
461, 465, 508; leaves the college,
511; discoveries of, vi. 77.

Storms, in the Caspian Sea, 11.

476; off the Sicilian coast (1270)
IV. 360; in Bermuda, vi. 404;
English fleet in (1589) vii.
24, 25 ; the Spanish fleet dam-
aged by, near S. Michael Island
(1591) 49; Indian Spanish fleet
damaged by, 55 ; off Flores
Island (1591) 58; in Terceira
(1591) 83; in Anne Warwick's
Sound (1578) 233, 234, 241 ; snow,
in Meta Incognita (1578) 238,
343 f. ; the Aid in a (1577) 294 f. ;
in the North Sea (1577) 316, (1578)
330; Sir Humphrey Gilbert's ships
in a (1583) VIII. 73; loss of the
Squirrel in a, 74 ; on the coast of
Virginia (1586) 344; Captain Ul-
loa's ships in a (1540) ix. 269,
271 f. ; in the port of S. Juan
d'Ulloa (1556) 343; Sir John
Hawkins in a, near Cape Finis-
terre (1567) 399, x. 64; Sir John
Hawkins in a, in the West Indies
(1568) IX. 401, X. 67; Sir John
Hawkins in a (1564) 9; Sir Fran-
cis Drake's fleet in a, near Bayona
Islands (1585) loi ; at Oncaiarie
Island (1596) 457; Spanish fleet
in a (1582) XI. 92, 93, 267; Sir
Francis Drake in a (1577) 102 ;
Master Winter in a, in the Straits
of Magellan (1578) 112; Robert
Withrington in a (1587) 217;
Thomas Cavendish in a (1587)
301 ; the Desire in a (1592) 405.

Story, John, painter, enters S.
Paul's College, in Goa, vi. 7.

Story, John, condemned by Inquisi-
tion in Mexico (1575) ix. 428;
sent to the White Friars (1575)
430; married a negro woman,

431-

Stoslaus, son of Igor, 11. 184.

Stow, John, antiquarian (1497) vii.
154; quotation from, xii. 45, 66.

Strabo, vii. 137 ; on Africa, i. xli. ;
seventh book of geography of, iii.
358; on fire and water, iv. 21,
112; on the origin of Brennus,
270; quotation from, v. 121; and
the Ocean Sea, called Atlanticum
Pelagus, VII. 162, 199

Straco, Francesco, Captain, and
Mustafa Pasha (1571) v. 145.

417

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Strait, discovered by Captain Ulloa
(1539) IX. 213; north-west, be-
tween Newfoundland and Green-
land, 381.

Straker, George, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Stralsund, restitution demanded of
England by, 11. 35.

Strambali, Giacomo, at the defence
of Famagusta (1571) v. 143.

Stranfeord, see Strangford.

Strangbow, see Strongbow.

Strangers, reception of, by the Shah
of Persia (1574) m. 159.

Strangford, siege of, i. 34.

Stratford, Captain in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, wounded at Puerto
Rico (1595) X. 230.

Strawberries, found in Virginia
(1586) vm. 367.

Street, Walter, of the Elizabeth
Stokes (1584) V. 282.

Street, Walter, mate of the Delight
(1589) XI. 385.

Streets, Russian, wood pavement in
(1588) HI. 373; in China, descrip-
tion of, VI, 300.

Strehlen, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327-

Strelen, see Strehlen.

Strelitz, Henry Austell in (1585) v.
326.

Strelze, on the Sukhona, iii. 405.

Strivalia Island, Laurence Aldersey
at (1586) VI. 41.

Strokhithe, ships from, in Edward
HI.'s fleet, I. 298.

Strong, Richard, of Apsham, master
of the Marigold (1593) viii. 157.

Strongbow, Richard, Earl of Chep-
stow, conquest of Leinster by,
VIII. 123 ; conquest of Ireland by
(1171) 444.

Stroogs or brigantines on the Cas-
pian Sea, III. 18, 70 ; on the Volga,
215.

Stropene, Michael, and John New-
bery's imprisonment at Ormuz
(1583) V. 457, 458, 462.

Strotbeker, Stertebeker, and the
English ships, 11. 61, 64, 65,66,70.

Strowde, Richard, boatswain's mate
on the Edward Bonaventure (1553)
II. 213.

Strucophagi, people of Africa, vi.

169.
Stubbes, Matthew, distress of, at

Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.
Stukeley, of Sir Richard Grenville's

voyage to Virginia (1585) viii.

310; Sir Richard Granville and,

316.
Stukeley, Thomas, voyage to Bar-

bary (1578) vi. 293 ; adventures of,

XII. 102.
Stupino Carawool, a watchhouse

near Peravolog, iii. 217.
Sturgeon, abundant at Astrakhan,

II, 455 ; fishing in the Volga, iii.

71, 367-
Styx river, iv. 39, 135.
Stzuchogora river, in. 407.
Suares, Francis, letter from, to his

brother Diego (1596) x. 39; his

successful trade, 41.
Suarez, Don Luys, sent to S, Juan

d'Ulloa to fight the English (1580)

IX. 433-
Suas, Pasha of, in the Hungarian-
Turkish war (1594) VI, 104.
Suasola, Don John de Miramonte,

letter from, to Don John Garcias

de Penalosa (1590) x, 169.
Sucana, see Sukhona,
Succession, Royal, in Persia, Iii.

164 ; in China, vi, 368.
Succussio, or earthquake, iv, 17, 107,
Suchana, see Sukhona.
Suchetepec province, John Chilton

in (1570) IX. 366.
Suchistlahuaca, town in New Spain,

IX. 467, 472 ; in charge of Gon-

zalvo Fernandez, 468.
Suchuon, province of China, vi,

350.
Suckel Counse, King of Couche, v.

481,
Sucket, white, found in Scinde,

Cambay, and China, vi, 25,
Sudak, William de Rubriquis at, i.

230, 231, 234, 249 f., 252.
Sudero Bay, Zichmni's conquest in

(c. 1380) vii. 448.
Suecia, see Sweden.
Sueno the Wise, twenty-third bishop

of Schalholt, in Iceland (1472) iv.

57, 156.
Suetia, see Sweden.

418

INDEX

Suevi and Tartar sovereignty, i. 231.

Suevia, see Swabia.

Suez Canal, ' Tamburlaine ' and, xii.
106.

Suez, Isthmus of, vii. 194.

Sugar, in Canary Islands, vi. 127;
making of, 128; negro slaves ex-
changed for (1567) 284; in China,
357 ; found in Mexico, ix. 358 ;
in New Spain, 386; from Santos,
trade in, xi. 31; lading of, on
English ships (1581) 36; houses,

79.
Sughano, see Sukhona.
Sugo di Requillicie, found in Arabia

felix, VI. 27.
Suicides, religious, in Japan, vi.

344-
Suits, obtained by Sir Jerome Bowes

of the Emperor of Russia (1583)

III. 324-329 ; the Russian manner

of presenting, 329.
Sukhona, river in Russia, iii. 215;

source of, near Vologda, 11. 418;

tributary of the Dvina, iii. 363,

405-

Sultans, of Aleppo, i. 78, 154; Alti,
76, 122, 167; Deurum, 78, 154;
Solyman, v. 1-60; Selim I., 2;
Amurath III., 221-319; tombs of
the, in S. Sophia, 253.

Sumac, Spanish black dye, v. 235 ;
found in Cyprus, vi. 27.

Sumack, see Sumac.

Sumakoto, or Sumacoto, silk market
in, IV. 429.

Sumatra, Island, v. 403, vi. 395,
400; kingdom of, iv. 416; de-
scription of, V. 404 ; cotton cloth
from Sinnergan in, 485 ; spices in,
498 ; heat of, vii. 258 ; the Portu-
guese at, VIII. 129; Nicobar
Islands, near, x. 196.

Sumerled, King of Argyll, i. 30;
Dubgal, son of, 31; Godred and,
32 ; death of, 32.

Summer, Henry, of Camphire, and
the Dantzig ships (1577) vi. 232.

Sumongols or Water-Mongols, a
tribe of Tartary, i. 142 ; strife with
Tartars, 68.

Sumpter, John, in Santa Cruz (1566)
VI. 268.

Sun, eclipse of the (1185) i. 33; wor-

ship of the, in Ormuz, vi. no;
spots in the (1590) 462, 463; heat
of the, at the Pole, vii. 177; in
the Torrid Zone, 255-268; under
the Poles, 271 ; revered by the
Indians, ix. 189 sq., 287, 292.

Sund, and England (1405) 11. 55.

Sunshine of London, the, in John
Davys' first voyage (1585) vii.
382 ; return of, 393 ; second voyage
of (1586) 393-413; at Dartmouth,
407; course of, report by Henry
Morgan (1586) 408; going to Ice-
land, 409; to Greenland, 410;
fight between the crew of, and
the natives of Merchants Isle, 412 ;
in John Davys' third voyage (1587)
414; dissensions on, 415; a leak
in, 417, 425.

Superstitions, religious, in Russia,
II. 236, 265, 423, 428, 442; of
Samoyedes, iii. 402 ; of Lapps,
404; in Mobar, Friar Odoric on
the (1330) IV. 415; in Bodin
Island, 421; in Fuco City, 426;
of the Indians of Virginia con-
cerning the English (1585) viii.

335-
Superum Sea, and Sicily, vii. 161.
Surat, ginger found in, vi. 25.
Surey, Mustafa Pasha ordered back

from Rhodes to, v. 35.
Surgeon, Thomas, death of, at the

taking of Riohacha (1568) ix.

449- . , . ,

Surgeons, scarcity of, in the army,
VI. 478, 480.

Surta or Zarza, near New Spain,
mentioned in the Ruttier, x. 296.

Sus, kingdom of, in Africa, vi. 144;
Mully Abdelmelech, King of (1577)
285; stores of saltpetre at, 291.

Susan, the, voyage of (1582) v. 243;
in Majorca, 248 ; arrival of, at
Constantinople, 251, 254; of the
English merchants' fleet (1586) vi.
47; bound for Venice, 48.

Susan Parnell, the, of Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, loss of (1596) x.
242.

Susis, see Tabriz.

Susky, Ivan Petrowich, and the elec-
tion of Feodor Ivanowich, Em-
peror of Russia (1584) III. 336.

419

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Sussex, I. 44 f. ; ships of, 47 f. ;
Sheriff of, and King John, 320.

Sussex Island, Countess of, discov-
ered by Captain Frobisher (1578)
VII. 239; meeting on, 240.

Sussex, Earl of, see Radcliffe,
Robert.

Suthcot, John, consul of the Mus-
covy Company, 11. 307.

Suttee, in Bezeneger (1567) v. 384-
386; in Chaul, 470; in Benares,
478.

Sutton, Martin, settler in Virginia
(1587) vm. 403.

Suzan, John, member of the Bar-
bary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Svanego, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
321.

Sveno the Dane and the marriage
of King Vladimir (1067) iii. 373.

Swabber, Nicholas, in Virginia
(1585) vm. 318.

Swabia, King of, see Frederick Bar-
barossa.

Swallow, the, voyage to S. Nicholas
(1560) II. 401; wares in, 408,
409; and the eighth journey
of the Muscovy Company to
Persia (1561) iii. 9; Anthony Jen-
kinson in (1561) 15; his return
home in (1564) 38; at Rose
Island (1571) 169; in S. Nicholas
Bay (1572) 170.

Swallow, the, of London, crew (1584)
V. 281 ; and Hassan Aga, 282.

S^vallow, the, Sir John Hawkins'
voyage to the West Indies with
(1564) VI. 263, X. 9; of Captain
Hawkins' fleet (1567) ix. 398, 445;
at Rio Grande, 448; taken by
Spanish in S. Juan d'Ulloa (1568)
453 ; Thomas Hampton, captain
of (1562) X. 7; in the Casserroes
river, 23 ; Bitfield, captain of,
99.

Swallow, the, of Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert's expedition (1583) vm. 47,xii.
37 ; meets the Golden Hind in Con-
ception Bay, vm. 50 ; misdemean-
our of the crew of, 50 f. ; returns
home, 62, 92.

Swallow, the, Sir George Carey's
ship, near Cuba (1591) x. 179.

Swan, the, fight of, at the Cadiz
expedition, with a Flemish ship
(1596) IV. 243.

Swan, the, ship of Sir Anthony
Sherley, left to the Earl of Essex
(1596) X. 266.

Swansea, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 298; Captain Lau-
donniere at (1565) ix. 99.

Swanson, Robert, of the Toby,
death of (1593) vii. 129.

Swanus, see Sweyn.

Swanzey, see Swansea.

Swecia, see Sweden.

Sweden, i. 14; King Arthur and, 6;
countries pertaining to, 15 ; King
of, sends Edmund Ironside's son
to Hungary, 25 ; King of, Albert
of Mecklenburg, 11. 68; English
merchants in (1404) 108 f., iii f . ;
and Russian frontier, 11. 252 ;
Russian conquests in, 423 ; and
Russia, 438 ; Emperor of Russia
at war with, iii. 172 ; Lapp tri-
bute to (1576) 205; conquests in
Russia of, 359; wars of, their
effect on English trade, 461 ; friars
from, to Greenland (c. 1380) vii.
453 ; snow in, vm. 57.

Swedland, see Sweden.

Sweeting, John, owner of a Spanish
ship (1555) IX. 341.

Sweeting, Robert, at Tescuco, and
Anthony Godard and his men
(1568) IX. 421.

Swen, in Flanders, 11. 14, 20.

Sweno, see Sweyn II.

Swethens, see under Sweden.

Swethland, see Sweden.

Swetinoz, Stephen Borough at (1556)
II. 334 f. ; cape of, 417.

Sweveland, see Sweden.

Sweyn II. of Denmark, and Har-
old's children, i. 42.

Sweyn, son of Earl Godwin, voyage
of, to Jerusalem (1052) iv. 283.

Swift-sure, the, at Flores (1590) vm.
421.

Swinborne Head, latitude of, vii.
205.

Swinefleet, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 298.

Swinhumber, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 299.

420

INDEX

Swinnerton, John, member of the

Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Swird, river, in Russia, in. 79, 81.
Sword, Knights of the, and the

Dutch Knights in Prussia, 11. 2.
Sword-fish, found near Sierra Leone

(1582) XI. 178.
Swyasko Castle, 11. 451.
Swyn in Flanders, see Swen.
Swyn, Thomas de, of Waynfleete, i.

344-

Swyoskagorod, altitude of, in. 248.

Syban, son of Tushi, i. 74; Bathy's
brother, 167.

Sybedey, Duke of Tartary, i. 74,
150.

Sydenham, Captain, at the Groyne,
death of (1589) vi. 490, 499.

Sydmouth, see Sidmouth.

Sylan, see Ceylon.

Sylley, see Scilly.

Sylva, Caspar de, buried at Trini-
dad, X. 496.

Sylverberge, John Burgrave of, am-
bassador to England (1527) v. 61.

Sylvester, John, survivor of the Tohy
(1593) VII. 129.

Symberbe, of Edward Fenton's voy-
age, return of (1583) xi. 201.

Synaca, in Austria, Richard I.,
prisoner in (1193) iv. 335.

Synagogue in Venice, description of
a, by Laurence Aldersey (1581) v.
204.

Synocur, Duke of Tartary, i. 74,
150.

Synopolis, stronghold of the Sultan
of Turkey, i. 229, 231.

Syra Orda, the Tartar Imperial
Court at, I. 56, 171 ; meaning of,
135, 167 f.

Syrennen, i. 74.

Syria, v. 129; in Thome's map, 11.
170; Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.
195; Tyre in, iv. 308; conquered
by Richard L (1191) 335; Richard,
Earl of Cornwall's voyage to
(1240) 352; Turkish soldiers from,
at Famagusta (1571) v. 148;
Galls found in, vi. 25 ; Scamonea
found in, 26.

Syrian Sea, east of Cyprus, v.
124.

Tabago, see Tobago.

Tabanoo, negroes from, and the
Richard of Arundel (1589) vi. 451.

Tabaria, town of, conquered by
King Baldwin (1107) iv. 304.

Tabaria, Hugh of, patriarch of Jeru-
salem (1107) IV. 302; in the coun-
try of the Grosse Carle, 304 ; death
of, 305 ; his brother Gerard, 305.

Tabasco coast, mentioned in second
Ruttier, x. 319.

Tabasco river, Merida on the, ix.

Tabin, promontory m Russia, iii.

262, 279, 454.
Table, the, hill in Cuba, x. 46, 244.
Table of Rates or Aranzel in the

Contractation House at Seville

(1586) XI. 457.
Taborer, Andreas, surety for Ralph

Fitch and John Newbery (1583) v.

471.
Tabriz, in Persia, trade of, 11. 478;

distance of, from Campion, 484;

greatest city of Persia, iii. 26, 35 ;

silk market at, 51; English trade

in (1568) 137; Thomas Banister

in, 162; riots in, 162; great re-
sort for traffic (1330) iv. 309.
Tabuebbi or Tapuellibi river, xi. 13.
Tacadocorou, Captain Vasseur and

(1565) IX. 75.
Tacarao, green stone found in

Morucca, x. 207.
Tacatacourou, King, and Captain

Gourgues (1567) ix. 102.
Tacatacouru, river, see Seine in

Florida.
Tachnin, river, iii. 409.
Tacitus, Cornelius, London in the

time of, I. xlvii. 308.
Tadascu, see Saguenay river.
Tadouac, ix. 158.
Taffours (ships) at the siege of

Rhodes, v. 16.
Taggarin river, Sir John Hawkins

and the negroes at (1568) ix. 447.
Tagrona, rich valley of, xi. 237.
Tagulada Islands, Sir Francis Drake

at (1579) XI. 124.
Taigarandono, John Vongiu, son of

(1596) XI. 441.
Taiguoagny native, taken captive by

Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 219;

421

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

at Stadacona, 221; refuses to go
to Hochelaga, 223 ; at Holy Cross,
238; asks to be baptised, 240;
stratagem of, 251; taken prisoner
by Jacques Cartler (1536) 255;
Francis I.'s reception of, 263.

Tailbois, Matthew, agent to the
Muscovy Company (1579) ni. 212;
winters at Astrakhan, 217; at
Baku, 227; leaves Astrakhan
(1581) 245; returns to England,
246.

Tailer, Henry, master gunner on
the Bona Confidentia (1553) li.
214.

Tailla, town in Canada, vin. 244.

Tails, cows', in Bottanter, v. 484;
horse, trade in, in Guinea (1577)
VI. 252.

Taissu, prison officer in China, vi.
302, 310.

Talapoyns, priests in Pegu, v. 492 ;
their dress, 493.

Talas, city of, i. 282.

Talas Island, despoiled by Zichmni
(c. 1380) VII. 451.

Talbot, Lord, and the Russian am-
bassador, II. 357.

Talbot, the bark, Baily, captain of
(1585) X. 98; in a storm near Bay-
ona Islands (1585) loi.

Talboys, Matthew, assistant to Ed-
ward Fenton (1582) xi. 163.

Talebot, in Roberval's voyage (1542)

VIII. 289.

Talismani, to call the people to the
Mosque, v. 353.

Tallipoies, see Talapoyns.

Tallow, II. 383, 396, 401, 403; home
and foreign trade of, in Russia,
III. 365 ; found in the Western
Planting (1583) viii. 116.

Talmach or Speachman, 11. 353.

Tamachos, salt of Panuco sent to,

IX. J115.

Tamaclipa, Mountain of, near Rio

Hermoso, x. 318.
Tamaclipa, town, John Chilton at

(1572) IX. 374.
Tamarind, found in Bussorah, vi.

26.
Tamascaltepec, silver mines in, ix.

364; John Chilton at (1568) 364.
Tamassus, see Famagusta.

' Tamburlaine ' by Marlowe, xii.

103 ; success of, 105 ; and the

Suez Canal, 106.
Tamegines, proper name of Chinese,

VI. 315-
Tamen, proper name of China, vi.

315.

Tamerlane, 11. 187; escape of, to-
wards the Don, iii. 397; Drake
compared to, xii. 66.

Tamiago, salt of Panuco sent to, ix.

415-
Tamisari, the, in Rovigno (1553) v.

77-
Tamos Indians, Antonio de Espejo

and the (1583) ix. 203.
Tampice, ix. 411; on Panuco river,

IX. 371.
Tana, Chaus eaten by a crocodile

at, V. 337.
Tana Island, Friar Odoric at, v.

378; Ralph Fitch in, 470.
Tanais, see Don.
Tanaquiny, native of Virginia,

enemy to the English (1586) viii.

337-

Tanasary, see Tenasserim.

Tanaseri, see Tenasserim.

Tanassarin, see Tenasserim.

Tanay, a place in Brazil, Sir Fran-
cis Drake's business in (1597) xi.
161.

Tanchipa, John Chilton at (1572) ix.

374-

Tancred, King of Sicily (1190) iv.
322 ; and Richard I. 324; at Cath-
neia, 325.

Tancuylabo in Guastecan, John Chil-
ton in (1572) IX. 370.

Tanda in Gouren, description, v.
481.

Tandaya, one of the Philippines, ix.

327-

Tane Sound, Arthur Pet in (1580)
III. 299.

Tanfield or Tamfield, William, on
board the Gabriel (1577) vii. 285;
captain of the Thomas of Ipswich
(1578) 322 ; consultation on the
safety of the Thomas, 351; his
suspicions of Pilot Cox, 355.

Tanga, money of Goa, vi. 18; of
Cochin, 21; of Malacca, 22.

Tanger, see Tangiers.

422

INDEX

Tangiers, conquered by the Portu-
guese, VIII. 127.

Tangomangos and the King of
Sierra Leone (1565) x. 24; and
the Spanish merchant (1565) 43.

Tangut, in Cathay, 11, 484; Ezina,
city of the kingdom of, iii. 280;
people of, I. 290 f.

Tapaon Island, mentioned in Rut-
tier, XI. 76.

Tapestry, made of small reeds in
Florida (1564) ix. 25.

Tapia, Francis de, governor of S.
Domingo, and the English ship
(1517) X. 4, 5.

Tapia, Peter de, letter to, from Bar-
tholomew Cano (1590) X. 166.

Tapia, in West Indies, burnt by Sir
Thomas Baskerville (1595) x. 235.

Tappan, Audrey, settler in Virginia
(1587) viii. 403.

Taprobana, see Ceylon.

Tapuere, small river in Guiana, xi.

II. 13-
Taquani, see Mosquito.
Tar, works at Kholmogory, 11. 393;

trade, in Russia, in. 368.
Taranto, John Foxe at (1577) v.

164, 166, 167.
Tarapaza, Port, Sir Francis Drake

at (1578) XI. 114.
Tarenate, see Ternate.
Tarentum, see Taranto.
Tarifa, William Harborne at (1583)

V. 243.
Tarquia, Las Sierras de, near Pan-

uco river, x. 318.
Tarquino, Sierras de, at Cape de

Cruz, in Cuba, mentioned in the

Ruttier, x. 285 ; in second Ruttier,

314-
Tarracoa province, mentioned by Sir

Walter Raleigh, x. 416.
Tarroopanama, Indian chief tortured

by Don Antonio de Berreo (1595)

X. 353.

Tarrose of Scilly, John Davys at
(1586) VII. 409.

Tartaria, see Tartary.

Tartars, cannibalism of, i. 50 ; Eng-
lish spy's account of, 51 ff. ; char-
acteristics of, 53, 136; morality
of, 138; horses, 53, 81; couriers,
54 ; marriage laws, 58, 67, 139 f. ;

garments, 58 ; of wool, 242 ; hair,
243 f. ; women's dresses and head-
gear, 244 f. ; their habitations, 59,
136 f. ; movable houses, 234-237 ;
beds, 236 f. ; cattle, 59, 135, 137,
234 ; faith of, 59 f . ; worship of
the moon, 62, 288 f. ; supersti-
tions of, 61 f., 64, 141, 163, 237,
248, 275 ; purifying customs, 142 ;
soothsayers, 289 ; funerals, 63 f. ;
peaceful habits, 64 f. ; deceitful-
ness, 65 f. ; food, 66, 137, 239 ;
winter food, 241 f. ; arms, 67 f.,
79, 83, 90 ff., 155, 157; army of,
78 ; fighting, 82 ; conquests, 84 ;
wars, 88 ; discipline, 137, 151, 155;
strategy, 158; empire, 68; sove-
reignty in the East, 231 ; captives,
83 ; laws of inheritance, 86 ; cus-
toms, 136; severe punishments of
crimes, 139, 157; hereditary laws,
S5, 140; Tartars named after a
river, 142; taught to read, 144,
expedition into the country of
Sultan Alti, 152 ; in Georgia
and Armenia, 154; the Caliph
of Bagdad and, 154; the Sul-
tans and, 154 ; their treatment
of cowards, 155, 157 f . ; crossing
a river, 156; how to resist them,
157 f. ; court ceremonial, 162,
164; drinking ceremonial, 165,
237 f. ; eating ceremonial, 239 f. ;
funeral ceremonial, 247 f. ; am-
bassadors discouraged by the
legates, 177; their preparation of
mare's milk or koumiss, 240 f. ;
hawk's used for hunting by, 242;
duties of their women, 245 f. ;
duties of, 246; laws and judg-
ments, 247 ; thieving ways of, 250,
251,255; rye harvest, 259 ; Moxel
in bondage to the, 260 ; their pre-
ference for the name of Moal, 266 ;
oppressed by Vut Khan, 268;
scriptural quotations applied to
the, 279; Vitoldus, captain of the,
II. 7 ; war stratagem of, 186 ; con-
quest of Poland and Silesia by
(1237) 186; of Hungary, 187; re-
ligion of, 187 ; defeated by Russia,
190, 423, 438; two, in England,
and Sir Hugh Wllloughby's voy-
age (1553)244; a migraWy people.

423

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

346; fight between English and,

III. 150 ; Moscow burnt by the
(1571) 169, 390; Giles Fletcher on
the, 389-401; metals of the, 397;
called Scythae Nomades, language
of, similar to Turkish, 399;
unwritten laws of, 401 ; idols of,
and the Franciscan friars (1330)

IV. 439; in the Turkish army
(1594) VI. 104; in Pekin, 323; in
China, 359; America's discovery
and the, vii. 165, 368; wars of,
with a Chinese captain, xi. 378.

Tartary, description of, i. 56;
scarcity of water in, 56; floods in,
57; Pope's legates ill-treated in,
75 ; wild animals in, 84, 242 ;
situation of, 135, 270; Emperor's
authority in, 150; papal ambassa-
dors to, 159, 161 ; their sufferings
in, 176; Kaiuk, emperor of, 169;
geographical position of, 11. 163;
and the Russian boundaries, 251;
trade of, 474; invasions of, iii.
397; China near the kingdom of,
v. 406; musk found in, 504, vi.
26; Petra Bezzuar found in, 27;
fishermen of, and the North-west
passage, vii. 181; unicorn's
horn found in, 182.

Tarvisius mountain, iv. 38, 134.

Tarviso, see Treviso.

Tashkend, 11. 473 ; to Occient, seven
days' journey, 481.

Taskent, see Tashkend.

Taslizea, Henry Austell in (1585) v.

323.
Tassacort, sugar of Palma Island,

VI. 132.
Tasters of the Emperor of Russia,

III. 414.
Tatarrax, King, report about (1540)

IX. 164; truth about, 165.
Tathalamasin, see Panten Island.
Taunton, Thomas Gregory of, a

patent granted to (1592) vii. 102.
Taurica Chersonesus, see Taurida.
Taurida, i. 180, 229; description of,

230, 233.
Tauris, see Tabriz.
Taurus, Ottoman and the Greeks at,

III. 399.
Tauzu, sect in China, vi. 373.
Tavara, Christopher de, vi. 294.

Tavara, Don Alvaro Perez de, vi.

294.
Taverner, Richard, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) viii. 402.
Tavernium in Sicily, iv. 325.
Tavistock, Thomas Sanders's father

in (1584) v. 306.
Tavoy, Gulf of, in Pegu, v. 414.
Tavoy Island, Ralph Fitch near, v.

497; tin found in, 498.
Tawrooromene, town on the Cush-

wini river, x. 492.
Taxes on Christians and Indians of

Mexico (1570) IX. 377.
Taybayba, bush in Teneriffe, vi.

130.
Taylor, Clement, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 402.
Taylor, Hugh, settler in Virginia,

403-
Taylor, John, in Virginia (1585)

318.
Taylor, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)

318.
Teats of Havana, mentioned in the

Ruttier, x. 303.
Tebek, see Tibet.
Tebet, see Tibet.
Tebris, see Tabriz.
Tecoanapa, Haven of, description of,

IX. 466 ; cattle near, 471 ; harbour

for building ships for the South

Sea, 473.
Tecoantepec, port in the South Sea,

IX. 365; John Chilton in (1570)

370.
Tedcastle, John, member of the Bar-

bary Company (1585) vi. 419,

420 f.
Tedle, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.

144.
Teeth, elephants', see Ivory.
Teglia or teda wood, used at the

siege of Famagusta (1571) v. 141.
Tegmouth, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 297.
Teguenondahi, tribe in Canada,

VIII. 244.
Telde, a town in Gran Canaria, vi.

127; wine of, 128.
Telegas or Russian waggons, 11.

426, III. 215.
Telegos, see Telegas.
Telemark, in Norway, iv. 14, 103.

424

INDEX

Telensin, see TIemsen.

Teligny, Monsieur de, prisoner of
the English in the castle of Tour-
nai (1588) IV. 232.

Telio, Don Pedro, general of a
Spanish fleet (1596) x. 254.

Tellekina, Southam and Sparke at
(1566) III. 77; Mastelina to, 81.

Teller, Samuel, master's mate of the
Clifford, death of (1587) xi. 215.

Teloptske, 11. 420.

Temesne, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.
144.

Temirkutla, see Tamerlane.

Temiswar, Pasha of, in the Hun-
garian-Turkish war (1594) VI. 104.

Templars, see Knights Templar.

Temple, Master of the, and the
Earl of Artois (1249) iv. 356.

Tenasserim, vi. 400, xi. 378; de-
scription of, V. 412 ; products of,
VI. 401 ; islands of, Ralph Fitch
near, v. 498.

Tenbuis, Los, a people mentioned in
Ruttier, xi. 100.

Tench, William, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Tenedos, Isle of, Pliny's account of
an intermittent fountain in the,
IV. 36, 130; William Harborne
in (1583) V. 251; Richard Wrag
near (1594) vi. 107.

Teneriffa, see TenerifTe.

Teneriffe, one of seven Canary
Islands, iv. 18, 26, 108, 118, vi.
124; description of, 129; latitude
of, 129, 156; products of, 130;
subject to Spain, 131; William
Towerson at (1555) 178; Sir John
Hawkins in sight of (1564) 264,
(1562) X. 8; George Fenner at
(1566) VI. 266; Thomas Stevens
at (1579) 378; Captain Laudon-
niere at (1564) ix. 2 ; Robert Tom-
son at (1555) 341; rendezvous of
Sir John Hawkins's fleet (1567)
445, (1564) x. 10; Adecia port in,
II ; description of the Peak in, 13 ;
Andrew Barker and Charles
Chester at (c. 1574) 82 ; Cap-
tain Sommers at (1595) 215;
latitude of, marks of, de-
scribed in the Ruttier, 280;
mentioned in second Ruttier, 306;

XII 425

Sir Walter Raleigh at (1595) 349;
James I-ancaster at (1596) xi.
44.

Teneruk, King of Circassia, in. 34.

Tenez, kingdom of, in Africa, vi.
144.

Tenmouth, ships in Edward III.'s
fleet, I. 297.

Tensist, river in Morocco, vi. 426.

Tenterden, i. 47.

Tepeaca, in Mexico, cochineal found
in (1568) IX. 363; Miles Philips at
(1580) 434. ^

Terazzo, soldier of Captain Ulloa,
wounded in Cedars Island by the
Indians (1540) ix. 259.

Ter^era, see Terceira.

Terceira Island, George Fenner at
(1567) VI. 280; naval fight between
English and Spanish near (1586)
434; carracks at (1589) vii. 5;
English prisoners escape from, 6,
69, 83; English fleet at, 11, 57,
74; ships from, captured, 30;
account from, of the slain at the
fight off Flores (1591) 49; Spanish-
Indian ships at, 55 ; Robert Flicke
at, 59; Spanish and Indian
fleets ordered to meet at, 61 ;
Dutch ships at, 64; Spanish fleet
at (1589) 66, 68; Seville fly-
boats in (1590) 71; caravel from
Corvo Island brings news of Eng-
lish ships at (1590) 76; earth-
quake in (1591) 80; storm in, 83;
the Marigold at (1593) viii. 160;
John White's ship at (1587) 400;
Don Antonio and his French
ships at (1580) IX. 442; conquered
by Don Alvaro Ba^an (1583) x.
95; latitude of, 299, 334; longi-
tude from, to S. Michael, 337.

Terega, soldier of Captain Ulloa, his
courage in the attack of the Chi-
chimecas Indians (1539) IX. 238.

Terenate, see Ternate.

Terentia Antonia, wife of M. T.
Cicero, tomb of, in Zante, v. 82.

Terfynnes' country, state of, i. 12.

Tergensch, abbey of, in Sweden, oil
fountain in, iv. 38, 133.

Terlichichimici, in Western America
viii. 450.

Ternados, see Tornadoes.

2 E

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Ternate, chief island of the Moluccas,
XI. 128; cloves found in, vi. 24;
the Portuguese at, viii. 129; and
Sir Francis Drake, xi. 125 ; canoes
of, 125 ; King of, Mutyr Island
belonging to (1579) 124; Antonio
Galvano. governor of, xii. 83.

Terra de Labrador, see Newfound-
land.

Terra firma, vi. 265; fleet of (1591)
vii. 54; Spanish fleet from (1589-
91) Sy ; Indians of, description of,
X. 27; voyage of Andrew Barker
to (1576) 82 ; open to Sir Francis
Drake's devastations, 94; S.
Marta, in the bishopric of (1587)
135 ; voyage of Sir Anthony Sher-
ley to (1596) 266-276; Ruttier for,
280-305.

Terra nova, see Newfoundland.

Terraquine, adviser of Pemisapan
against Ralph Lane (1586) viii.

338.

Terra Rubra, Colon de, see Colum-
bus.

Terra Sigillata, or Wapeih, found in
Virginia (1586) viii. 354.

Terrecovia Castle, 11. 449.

Terrevettisko Castle, 11. 449.

Terry, William, of Hull, 11. 103 ; and
Prussian pirates, 61.

Terwill or Tirwill, in Poland, 11.
296, 396.

Terzas or Spanish regiments (1588)
IV. 202.

Terzera, see Terceira.

Tescuco, on Mexico Lake, Hernando
Cortez in, ix. 363 ; Anthony God-
ard and his men sent to, as slaves
(1568) 421, 459.

Teseva, from Novgorod to, iii. 68.

Testament of Englishmen in Turkey
(1580) V. 187.

Testigos, the, a group of nine
islands. Sir John Hawkins in
sight of (1565) x. 26; Sir Amyas
de Preston and the three South-
ampton ships at (1595) 216; men-
tioned in the Ruttier, 287; lati-
tude of, 335.

Testimonial of John Locke, v. 91 ;
of the crew of the Desire concern-
ing the loss of Thomas Cavendish
(1599) XI. 397-399.

Testimonies concerning the river
Amazon or Orellana, xi. 16-22.

Tetepano, Indian of Virginia, fol-
lower of Ralph Lane (1585) viii.

335-
Tettingen, Warnherus de, Prussian

ambassador, 11. 47, 86, 91 ; his

letter to Sir William Esturmy, 85-

86.
Tetusha, William Turnbull at (i 581)

III. 246.
Tetushagorod, on the Crim side of

Volga, III. 216; altitude of,

248.
Teve, Portuguese ships winter at,

VI. 34-

Teveris, see Tabriz.

Tewflish, see Tiflis.

Texela, Juan de, master of the field,
his inspection of Puerto Rico
(1590) X. 161.

Teximo, Lords of, xi. 425.

Thaaday, see Jagatai.

Thaber, Mount, see Jebel-et-Tor.

Thafnis, river, death of Robert of
Artois in the (1249) iv. 358.

Thalay, river, in the land of Pyg-
maei, iv. 427.

Thamas, or Tamasp I., Sophi of
Persia, his wars with Tartary, 11.
474; and Anthony Jenkinson (1562)
III. 5, 29, 32 ; character of, 35,
158 ; his reception of Arthur
Edwards (1566) 54; his wish to
buy English products, 58; his
orders for the Muscovy Company's
wares, 66; and Solyman (1553)
105, 108; letters from Emperor of
Russia to, 1 18 ; and Arthur Edwards
(1568) 143; summons Thomas
Bannister to Kazvin (1569) 152;
magnificence of, 163 ; long life
of, 164.

Thames river, i. 315, vii. 176;
Arthur Pet to sail down the (1580)
III. 254; proposed Spanish in-
vasion by the, iv. 212, 221; at
Lambeth, compared to the Euph-
rates at Birrah, vi. 4.

Thamesis, see Thames.

Thamworth, John, granted Russian
licence (1569) iii. 109.

Thana. Franciscan friars martyred
in (1330) IV. 412.

426

INDEX

Thangbrand, bishop in Iceland (997)
IV. 53, 151.

Thanksgiving for the departure of
the Spanish fleet (1588) iv. 233.

Thawghts, Mark, on Edward Fen-
ton's voyage (1583) xi. 199.

' Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, ' by
Abraham Ortelius, vii. 464.

Thebek, see Tibet.

Thebes, ruins of, v. 339.

Thebet, see Tibet.

Themistitan, city of, in New Spain,
VIII. 450.

Themistocles, stratagem of, viii. 93.

Theodor, see Feodor.

Theodoretus, 'Ecclesiastical History'
by, VIII. 106, 107.

Theodoricus, Earl of Aldenborg, six-
teenth master of the Dutch
knights (1352) II. 6.

Theodosius, Emperor, mentioned by
Theodoretus, viii. 106.

Theodosius, the younger. Emperor,
Christian zeal of, viii. 107.

Theophrastus, on dyeing rivers, iv.

43> 140-
Thermodon, river in Scythia, x, 367.
Thermopylis, coloured water in, iv.

38. 134-

Thester, Thomas, of York, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 62.

Thevet, Andrew, cosmographer of
the King of France (c. 1535) viii.
145 ; ' The New found World Ant-
arctic ' by, VI. 125 ; errors found
in, 128; description of a tree bear-
ing oysters in the French Antarc-
tic by, X. 349 ; description of the
Marafion or Amazon river by, 358 ;
his description of golden croissants
worn on the Amazon, 366; and
Hakluyt, xii. 75.

Thiaday, see Jagatai.

Thieves, treatment of, in China, vi.
307, 312; in Japan, 335.

Thimogoa, enemy of King Satouri-
oua (1564) IX. 12.

Thimogoa, expedition of M. de
Ottigni towards (1564) ix. 18.

Thin, Captain, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition up the Cap-
uri river (1595) x. 380; discovery
of Sayma by, 396 ; sent to Capure-
pana by Raleigh (1595) 403; sent

by Raleigh to meet his ships (1595)
417.

Thin, Captain Henry, of the bark
Raleigh (1591) vii. 41 ; in Sir
Martin Frobisher's fleet (1592)
108.

Thirtes, in Iceland, latitude and
longitude of, iv. 10, 99.

Thoas, Tartars and, i. 86.

Tholosa, see Toulouse.

Thomas k Becket, Henry II. 's chan-
cellor, at Northampton, i. 318.

Thomas of Woodstock, see Glouces-
ter, duke of.

Thomas, the, Thomas Drake, cap-
tain of (1585) X. 98.

Thomas of Ipswich, the, of Captain
Frobisher's third voyage to Meta
Incognita (1578) vii. 237; loss of,
241 ; William Tanfield, captain of
(1578) 322 ; attendant on the
Thomas Allen, 325 ; in a storm,
344, 350; missing, 349; her re-
turn home (1578) 355.

Thomas Allen, the, English mer-
chants return home in (1581) iii.
246 ; vice-admiral ship of the Mus-
covy Company (1582) 304.

Thomas Allen, the, vice-admiral of
the third voyage of Captain Fro-
bisher to Meta Incognita (1578)
vii. 231, 237; Yorke, captain of
(1578) 322 ; harboured near Mount
Oxford, 348; missing, 349.

Thom-as Bonaventure, the, and the
voyage to Persia (1568) iii. 150.

Thomas, James, and the second voy-
age to Barbary (1552) vi. 138.

Thomas, John, in Sir Francis
Drake's company (1578) xi. 109.

Thomas, William, his ' History of
the Commonwealths of Italy '
(1390) IV. 452.

Thomas Williams Island, Martin
Frobisher at (1576) vii. 209, 210.

Thomebamba, province in Guiana,
X. 408.

Thomson, Thomas, joint owner of
the Jesus (1583) v. 292.

Thomson, William, purser of the
Jesus (1583) v. 292,

Thorarinnus, sixteenth bishop of
Schalholt, in Iceland (1362) iv. 56,
155-

427

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Thorati, Tartars and, i. 86.
Thorfinus, son of Oter, and Sumer-
led, King of the Islands, i.

31-

Thorlacius, Gudbrandus, twenty-
second bishop of Holen, in Ice-
land, IV. 8, 59, 93, 97, 158; letter
by, 194-197-

Thorlacus, sixth bishop of Schalholt,
in Iceland (1178) iv. 55, 153.

Thorlacus, son of Rumilphus, third
bishop of Schalholt, in Iceland
(1118) IV. 54, 153.

Thorne, German town, 11. 10.

Thorne, Nicholas, the elder, mer-
chant of Bristol (c. 1526) X. 6;
on the Canary Islands, vi. 124.

Thorne, Robert, his advice to Henry
VIII. on the Indies (1527) 11. 159-
163 ; to Dr. Leigh, English ambas-
sador to Spain, 164; on latitudes,
167; epitaph of, 11. 181; his
father a discoverer of Newfound-
land, 178, VII. 155 ; map of the
world by, engraving of, 176 ; and
his advice to Henry VIII. about the
discovery of the North Pole, viii.
I ; letter from, to Henry VIII.
(1527) X. 3 ; quotation from the
information of, to Dr. Leigh, xi.
91 ; Treatise on the Northern
Passage by (1527) xii. 20.

Thorne, Simon, sent from Santos to
Baya (1581) xi. 36.

Thorneton, Roger de, and Prussian
pirates, 11. 60.

Thorno, losto, of Santos, xi. 36.

Thornton, Giles, on the Content
(1591) X. 183.

Thossut Khan, see Tushi.

Thracia, see Roumania.

Thrasumenus, see Trasimeno.

Three Half Moons, voyage of, to
Seville (1563) v. 153; taken by the
Turks, 155.

Three Hillocks, the, hill in Ramea
harbour, viii. 151.

Three Islands, near the Gulf of Cali-
fornia, sighted by Captain Ulloa
(1539) IX. 208.

Three Points Cape, vi. 159, 191 ; de-
scription of, 193 ; William Tower-
son at (1557) 216; English mer-
chants at (1562) 259; the Richard

of Arundel at (1589) 451, 452,

(1590) 463; climate of, vii. 252.
Throckmorton, Sir Arthur, knighted

at Cadiz (1596) iv. 259.
Throgmorton, Clement, granted

Russian licence (1569) in. 109.
Thrums and Persian dyeing, iii.

249.
Thuatamur, Duke of Tartary, i. 74.
Thule, King of Egypt, iv. 13, 102.
Thule, see Iceland.
Thule, Ultima, Virgil on, iv. 14,

103.
Thuman, or tributary division in

Fuco, IV. 426, 428, 431.
Thunder, sailors killed by (1591) vi.

390-
Thurland, George, gunner's mate

on the Bona Confidentia (1553) 11.

214.
Thus, see Frankincense.
Tliyle, see Iceland.
Thylenses, see Icelanders.
Thylensey, see Iceland.
Tiber, Richard I. on the (1190) iv.

321.
Tibet, kingdom of. Friar Odoric

in (1330) IV. 436; people of, and

reverence to the dead, i. 291, iv.

436.
Tiburon, Cape, viii. 408; the Ed-
ward Bonaventure doubles (1593)
VI. 404 ; the John Evangelist at
(1590) viii. 409; Edward Spicer
at, 410; Patach taken at, by the
mutinous soldiers of Captain Lau-
donniere (1564) ix. 43; Christo-
pher Newport at (1591) x. 186;
William King at (1592) 191; the
Edward Bonaventure at (1593)
198; Sir Amyas de Preston at
(1595) 225; in S. Domingo, men-
tioned in the Ruttier, 285 ; marks
of, in second Ruttier, 313; latitude

oU 333

Tiburons, see Sharks.

Ticao, Island of, in the Philippines,
Captain Gualle at (1584) ix. 328.

Tichamachalcho, in Mexico, cochi-
neal found in (1568) ix. 363.

Tichiri, battle of, between Vasquez
Nunnes and King Chemaccus,
viii. 124.

Tides, to be noted by English dis-

428

INDEX

coverers (1588) iii. 123; tables of,
in newly discovered seas, 261, 280;
of the rivers on the Guinea coast,
VI. 188, 189.

Tidore Island, xi. 124; Bernard de
la Torre at, vii. 169; the Portu-
guese at, VIII. 129.

Tieflen, John a, thirty-second master
of the Dutch knights (1489) 11.
10.

Tiennot, Captain, and Jacques Car-
tier (1534) VIII. 208.

Tiennot or Thiennot, Cape, discov-
ered by Jacques Cartier (1534) viii.
208; Jacques Cartier at (1535)
212; latitude of, 276.

Tiepolo, Lorenzo, death, v. 123, 146;
at the defence of Famagusta, 131,
132, 143, 144.

Tierra de Brea, Sir Walter Raleigh
at (1595) X. 349; pitch found in,

350-

Tierra Firma, see Terra Firma.

Tiflis (Tewflish), iii. 20.

Tiger, the, iii. 303 ; Christopher Car-
leill, captain of, 463; in Drake's
West Indian voyage, x. 98.

Tiger, the, George Gill, purser of
(1583) V. 455; Ralph Fitch in
(1583) 465; John Eldred's voyage
in (1583) VI. 1-9; John Evesham's
voyage in (1586) 35; Laurence
Aldersey in, 43.

Tiger, the, voyages of, to Guinea
(1556) VI. 212-231, (1577) 231-252;
prizes of, 234 ; William Towerson
and Francis Castelin in, 236; at
Cape Verde, 237; damaged, 239;
at Perak, 242 ; at Egrand, 243 ;
at Shamma, 246; distress of (1577)
249 ; loss of, 250.

Tiger, the, a bark, Sir John
Hawkins' voyage to the West
Indies with (1564) vi. 263, x. 9;
lost for four days, 17 ; carpenter
of, slain by the negroes of Sam-
bula Island (1564) 21.

Tiger, the, of Sir Richard Gren-
ville's voyage to Virginia (1585)
VIII. 310; sinking of, 315; return

of, 317-
Tiger, the, ship of John Davys (1605)

XII. 30.
Tigers, in New Spain, ix. 385 ; in

Placentia (1568) 449; in Florida,
x. 59 ; in Guiana, 426.

Tigris, in Mesopotamia, iv. 36, 131;
passes Babylon, v. 368, 369, vi.
5 ; meets Euphrates, v. 371 ; goods
brought down the, to Babylon,
466.

Tiguas, see Antigua.

Tiguex, see Antigua.

Tilbury, English army at, waiting
for the Armada (1588) iv. 208;
Roger Bodenham at (1551) v. 71,

Tilbury Hope, Willoughby's fleet at,
II. 217; Captain Frobisher's de-
parture from (1577) VII. 286.

Tilliard, Walter, taken prisoner by
Indians on Puna Island (1587) xi.
318.

Tilney, Sir Frederick, knighted at
Acre, by Richard I., iv. 342.

Timana, mountains in Granada, x.
368.

Timber in Madeira, vi. 135 ; whale-
bones used as, in Meta Incognita
(1577) VII. 300 ; brought to Meta In-
cognita by unknown traders, 373 ;
at Cape Breton (1578) viii. 11 ; in
Newfoundland, 197; in Virginia
(1586) 371; for shipping in
Nicaragua, ix. 467; carried down
by the Ometepec, 470 ; in Bermuda
Island, X. 201.

Timbuctoo, Laurence Madoc in
(1594) VII. 29, 100; taken by Al-
caide Hamode, loi ; Leo Africanus
on, 102.

Timeragio, brother of Ramaragio,

V. 382 ; his return to Bezeneger,
383 ; son of, 387.

Timitwara, Indian captain, Sir
Walter Raleigh and (1595) x. 418.

Timor, governor of Manguslave, 11.
460.

Timor, sandal trade in, v. 407, 504;
trade with Malacca, 498.

Timosthenes on Cyprus, v. 125.

Tin, II. 116, 125; found in Malacca,

VI. 24.

Tinados river, Antonio Sedenno's
burying-place near the head of, x.
498.

Tinder boxes for foreign trade, iii.
274.

Tingitana Mauritania, see Fez.

429

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Tingvalla, battle of, in Man (1229),
consultation with Harald's de-
puties in, I. 38, 39.

Tinmouth, see Tynemouth.

Tino, Castle of, Laurence Aldersey
near (1586) vi. 42.

Tinsares river, described in Ruttier
for Brazil, xi. 76.

Tintam, John, John II., King of
Portugal, and (1481) vi. 123.

Tippara, see Tipperah.

Tipperah, kingdom of, or Porto
Grande, and the King of Arakan,
V. 483 ; Ralph Fitch near (c.

1583) 485.
Tipperdas, chief in Patna, v. 481.
Tipton, Hugh, English merchant in

Seville, Robert Tomson, cashier of

(1557) IX. 350.
Tipton, John, English commissioner

in Algiers (1584) v. 269, 270, 274;

consul for Algiers, Tunis, and Tri-

poUs, 276, VI. 45.
Tirbon, Bathy's brother-in-law, i.

163,
Tirrington, resting-place of the Til-

ney family at, iv. 342.
Tirus, see Tyre.
Tisiks or Persian merchants, iii.

219; and the captain of Baku

(1580) 225.
Tisnados, Indians of, x. 366.
Tison, Thomas, English merchant

in the West Indies (1526) vi. 125,

x. 6; way to West Indies discov-
ered by, 6.
Tition, in Barbary, English fleet in

(1590) yn. 33.
Titus Livius, see Livy.
Tivitivas, kingdom of. Sir Robert

Dudley's sailors in the (1595) x.

208 ; on the Orinoco, description

of, by Sir Walter Raleigh, 382,

423 ; houses and villages of, 383 ;

tree-dwellers, 421; conquered by

iVrromaiarie, 460.
Tlacamama river, springs from

Atoyaque and Amusgos moun-
tains, IX. 469.
Tlacamama town, owned by the

King of Spain, ix. 470.
Tlacolula, river in New Spain, ix.

468 ; springs from Chilsiztlahuaca,

472.

Tlapa, province of New Spain, ix.

472-
Tlapanecan, language, spoken m

Cuahintlan del Rey, ix. 471.

Tlarcali, bishopric of, situation of,
IX. 466.

Tlaxcala, Roger Bodenham at (1564)
IX. 359; Indian town in Mexico,
362, 458; tribute paid by, to the
King of Spain (1568) 362; free
from tribute to the King of Spain,
379 ; freedom of, encroached upon,

391-
Tlaxcalaa, see Tlaxcala.

Tlaxcalla, see Tlaxcala.

Tlemsen, in Barbary, i. 308, v. 240;
kingdom and city of, vi. 143,
144.

Toar, Sancho de, discoveries of
(1497-15 10) viii. 128.

Tobacco, description of, by Jacques
Cartier (1535) viii. 242; found in
Virginia (1586) 363; used at sacri-
fices by Indians, 364; used by
Indians (1540) ix. 285; used by
the Indians of Florida (1565) x.
57; Indians of Dominica and their
presents of, to Sir Francis Drake
1585) no; trade in Dominica
1595) 228; in S. Vincent (1596)
478.

Tobago Island, latitude of, x. 332 ;
described by Laurence Keymis,
478.

Tobias, master's mate of the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1582) xi. 181.

Tobosos Indians, description of, and
Antonio de Espejo's expedition
(1582) IX. 190.

Toby, the, of Harwich, Thomas
Greene master of (1580) iii. 283.

Toby, the, vice-admiral ship of the
English merchants' fleet (1586) vi.
47> 50 ; bound for Constantinople,
48.

Toby, the, of London, Richard
Staper's ship, casting away of,
near Cape Espartel (1593) vii. 124,
125 ; survivors of the crew of,
125 f.

Toby, the, Bristol ship, xii. 76.

Tocoopoima, great town on the
Waini river, x. 494.

Tode, measure of Goa, vi. 18.

430

INDEX

Todos OS Santos, Bahia de, Ruttier
for, XI. 75; latitude of, 75, 77.

Todos Santos Islands, Sir Francis
Drake at (1595) x. 228.

Todos Santos, Strait of, see
Magellan.

Tofild, death of, in the Moscow fire
(1571) III. 169.

Toledo, Don Francisco de, colonel of
the Armada (1588) iv. 202 ; and the
Saint Philip, 226 ; and the Eng-
lish army in Portugal (1589) vi.

504-

Toledo, Don Diego Hermano de, his
chart for navigation, vii. 196; on
Magellan's Strait, 203.

Tolipane, a, iii. 21.

Tolistlahuaca, a ' mansion of Xica-
ian,' IX. 469.

Tolls in Russia, 11. 275 f.

Tolmach, Laurence Chapman's com-
panion to Tabriz (1568) iii 137.

Tolstick Point, in Russia, iii. 74.

Tolvick, Tellekina to, iii. 81.

Tolvo, on lake Onega, iii. 79, 81.

Tomaangua, silver mines in, ix. 367.

Tomasin, the, of the Muscovy Com-
pany (1581) III. 247.

Tombs, sacred, in Medina, v. 362 f. ;
ceremonies at the, 364.

Tomkins, Richard, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 403.

Tomson, Captain, in Sir John Bur-
rough's fleet (1592) VII. 108; cap-
tain of the Dainty (1592) 112;
sights the Madre de Dios, 113.

Tomson, John, hostage at Cape
Verde (1567) vi. 271, 272.

Tomson, Robert, his voyage to New
Spain (1555) IX. 338-358; illness
of, in Mexico (1556) 347; prisoner
of the Inquisition (1557) 347, 353;
sent prisoner to Spain (1557) 349;
marries Marie de la Barrera (c.
1557) 350; upholds his faith in
Mexico (1557) 351.

Tomynes, money of Mexico (1558)
IX. 357-

Tonewert, on the Danube, v. 321.

Tonnesbergh, in Norway, i. 341.

Tools for foreign trade, iii. 275 ; iron,
wanted in Havana (1590) x. 159.

Topago, province of, inhabited by
Amazons, x. 367.

Topan, Thomas, settler in Virginia
(1587) viii. 402.

Toparimaca, King, and Sir Walter
Raleigh (1595) x. 393, 396.

Toparimaca, port of, x. 420.

Toparimacko, port of, Laurence
Keymis at (1596) x. 471.

Topciiffe, John, of York, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 62.

Topiawari, King of Aromaia, uncle
of King Morequito, X. 375, 395;
successor of Morequito, 395 ; and
Sir Walter Raleigh, 401 ; gives
information to Raleigh about
Guiana, 409 ; advice of, to Raleigh,
410; son of, entrusted to Raleigh,
412 ; Raleigh takes leave of (1595)
415 ; Orenoqueponi, followers of,
423 ; acknowledges Antonio de
Berreo for his governor (1593)
436; friendly with English, 460;
port of, Laurence Keymis at, 466 ;
cacique, death of, 467; report of
death of, disbelieved by the Span-
iard (1596) X. 470.

Topira, Friar Marco de Niga's de-
scription of, IX. 116; Vasquez de
Coronado's description of, 119;
Vasquez de Coronado, governor
of, 124.

' Topography, Universal Christian,'
by Cosmas,. xii. 10.

Topoo, town on the Chaimeragoro,
X. 494.

Toranosuque, governor of half the
kingdom of Finga, xi. 425.

Torci, Tartary and, i. 86.

Torga, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327-

Tornadoes, xi. 73 ; George Ray-
mond's fleet and (1591) vi. 388.

Torneste Castle, near Zante, v. 84;
John Locke off (1553) 102.

Toro, and the defence of Spain (1585)
X. 96.

Toroco, town taken possession of
by Domingo de Vera (1593) x. 436.

Torquellus, son of Nel, and Loglen,
I. 38.

Torre, Bernard de la, on sea cur-
rents, VII. 168; his voyage to the
Moluccas (1542) 169.

Torres, Antonio de, letter from Chris-
topher Columbus to, XII. 17.

431

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Torres de Panuco, wounded at the
taking of Cevola (1540) ix. 153.

Torre Vedra, Don Francisco de,
taken by Luke Warde (1582) xi.
183.

Torre Vedra, Don John de, governor
of the river Plate (1582) xi. 183.

Torres Vedras, English reverse at
(1589) VI. 498.

Tortoises, Friar Odoric's account
of large, iv. 419; description of,
VI. 275; in S. John's Islets, viii.
218; in S. Cruz, 387; in Tortugas
Islands, description of, x. 46; at
the Ilha do Sal, caught by Andrew
Barker (1576) 83; eggs of, used
as food by Sir Walter Raleigh,
393 ; in Guiana, xi. 14.

Tortori, i. 76.

Tortuga Island, Sir John Hawkins
at (1565) X. 219.

Tortugas, the. Sand Islands, birds
in, X. 46; William King at (1592)
192 ; mentioned in the Ruttier,
293; on the course to Spain, 297;
marks of, 323; or Hinagua, 328;
soundings at, 331; latitude of,
334; longitude from, to Havana,

337-
Torture or Pudkey, English subjects
in Russia spared the (1588) iii.

355-

Torzhoke or Torshook, from Mos-
cow to. III. 68; Sir Jerome Hor-
sey at (1584) 345.

Tossuch, see Tushi.

Totma, in Russia, 11. 393, iii. 215;
from S. Nicholas Bay to, 68; salt
in, 368.

Totness Road, discovered by John
Davys (1585) vn. 389.

Totonteac, kingdom of. Friar Marco
de Ni^a and the (1539) ix. 131 ;
woollen cloth and sheep in (1539)
I33> 135; description of, 136; by
Vasquez de Coronado, 158; taken
possession of, by Friar Marco de
Nica (1539) 143; Captain Alar-
chon's inquiries about (1540) 303.

Totteon, the survivors of the Toby
at (1593) VII. 127.

Toudamani, tribe, south of Canada,
VIII. 239.

Touer y de Guillen, Francis de,

heirs of, owners of Xicayan town,
IX. 467.

Touffon, see Typhoon.

Toulon, v. 295.

Toulouse, merchants of, and Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, i. 333.

Touppekyn, cacique in Florida, ix.

113-
Touppo, King, in Florida (1562) viii.

474-
Tournai, Castle of. Monsieur de

Teligny prisoner of the English

at (1588) IV. 232.
Touz, John de le, called Pradines,

knight of Rhodes, maimed at the

siege (1552) V. 33.
Tovar, Don Pedro de, in Cevola

(1540) IX. 153; sent to Tucano by

Vasquez de Coronado (1540) 160.
Towage, native settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 403.
Tower on forty pillars in Fuquieo,

description of, vi. 315.
Tower Hill, in London (1589) x. 157.
Towerson, member of the Muscovy

Committee, and Captain Carleiil

(1583) VIII. 147.
Towerson, William, his first voyage

to Guinea (1555) vi. 177-211; his

second voyage to Guinea (1556)

212-231; his third voyage to

Guinea, and Mina (1577) 231-252;

and the sea current at Cavo de

Monte, 455.
Towlma, altitude of, iii. 248.
Townes, Thomas, mariner on the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.

214.
Townesend, sent to Penguin Island

(1592) XI. 410; slain by wild men,

411.
Townesend, Sir John, knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.
Towns, in China, description of, vi.

299, 352 ; native, in Virginia, viii.

374; of the Sapies (1564), descrip-
tion of, X. 18.
Towpenie, John, on the Content,

non-combatant (1591) x. 183.
Towreson, William, of Edward

Fenton's voyage, return of (1583)

XI. 202.
Towtigin, Feodor, on Samoyedes, 11.

483.

432

INDEX

Towtwi, town on the Manurawini
river, x. 494.

Toya, Indian feast, viii. 466; Cap-
tain Albert at the (1562) 475; de-
scription of, 476.

'Tracts, Naval,' by Sir William
Monson, xii. 67.

Tracv, John, of the Solomon (1584)
v/281.

Trade, English, in Levant, i. Ixix. ;
requires new markets, 11. 239 ;
benefited by discoveries, iii. 89-91,
VIII. Ill f. ; Sir Edward Osborne
and, V. 167; privileges granted
to, 170, 175, 192; and Philip

II. of Spain (1586) vi. 46;
and England (1592) 74 f. ;
restricted to Levant Company,
83 f . ; with Germany, in (1157)
I. 316 f. ; with Russia, Mus-
covy Company's, 11. 320 f. ; ex-
clusive privileges of, in Russia,

III. 325 ; treaty for furthering
(1583) 469; retail, not allowed in
Russia, 420 ; English merchants in
Russia (1590) 420, (1583) 469; in
Chios, V. 112, 113, 116; in Malta
(1582) 219; in Guinea, vi. 177-
252, 252-284, 443-450; in Barbary,
419-425; in Gambia (1591) vii. 98;
with foreigners advised by Hak-
luyt, VII. 247; with infidels and
savages, lawfulness of, viii. 97 ;
in the Western Planting (1583)
117; in discovered countries
to belong to the first adven-
turers, 148; in West Indies, for-
bidden by the King of Spain (1565)
X. 30, 38, (1568) 66; Sir John
Hawkins and the negro trade in
West Indies, 7; Venetian, with
Armenians, iii. 139 ; Greenland (c.
1380) VII. 453 ; Breton, S. Malo
merchants in the Western Plant-
ing, VIII. 118.

Traders, English, in Spain, religi-
ous observances required of, xii.

33.

Trahere, Roman senator, iv. 274.

Train oil, in Russia, 11. 388, 394,
402, 408; spring of, in Persia, iii.
165 ; in Lapland, 200 ; made from
seals, 366; in Earl of Cumberland's
Isles, VII. 420; found in the West-

ern Planting (1583) viii. 116, 118,
139 ; found in Newfoundland, 117;
found in Ramea (1591) 155; in
Assumption Island, 162.

Tramasinus, Michael, and the North-
west passage, vii. 163 ; his map,
203.

Tramezine, see Tramasinus.

Tramissen, see Tremisen.

Tramontane of the Queen, the, and
Charles Leigh (1597) viii. 180.

Tramontanus, and the North-west
passage, vii. 163.

Trans Island, despoiled by Zichmni
(c. 1380) VII. 451.

Trapes, city in Sicily, Prince Ed-
ward off (1270) IV. 360; his re-
turn to, 366.

Trapesunda, see Trebizond.

Trasimeno, lake, iv. 21, 112.

Traughton, John, captain of the
Elizabeth Bonaventure, at the
fight of Pinos (1596) X. 262.

Traverse-book or Logbook, by John
Davys, in his third voyage for the
discovery of the Northwest pass-
age (1587) VII. 424-439-

Treachery of the Spaniards against
the Primrose (1585) vi. 414; of
Don Martin Henriquez towards Sir
John Hawkins in S. Juan d'Ulloa
(1568) IX. 452, X. 70; Spanish,
against the English (1589) 157.

Treasure, Turkish, and the Pasha of
Derbent (1580) in. 233; of the
English, captured by the Spanish
(1575) XI. 231; captured by Sir
Francis Drake at S. Francisco
Cape, 264; its worth, 265.

Treasurer of the Emperor of Russia,
III. 413 ; of the Grand Signior, vi.

65.

Treasury House, Spanish, in Pan-
ama (1587) x. 150; in Lima, 153.

Treaties, of the Hanse towns, Eng-
lish ambassadors and, 11. 30, 32 ;
for English trade in Russia (1583)
III. 482 ; of surrender of Rhodes,
v. 48, 50, 55 ; of surrender of
Famagusta (1571) 144.

* Treatise of Syria,' by Sebastian
Munster, 11. i.

Trebizond, Guido, governor of, i.
231; Friar Odoric at (1330) -iv.

433

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

408, 409; meeting place of the
Turkish army (1583) v. 453.

Trecado, Vobsky to, iii. 69.

Trees in the Romesal Sound, iii.
300; pine, in Elbogan, iv. 36,
132 ; of great compass, in Madeira
(1344) 368; useful for dyeing, to
be brought from Constantinople
(1582) V. 229, 235; abundance of,
in Zanzibar, vi. 393 ; in Pulo-
Penang Islands, 396; fir, floating
in the North Sea (1577) vii. 213;
burning of, a hindrance to fishing,
VIII. 83 ; different, found in the
Western Planting (1583) 115; on
Cape Breton, 159; in Newfound-
land, described by Jacques Cartier
(1534) 195; for shipbuilding, 197;
described by Jacques Cartier (1535)
228, 267 ; described by Xanctoigne,
282 ; of Virginia, excellence of,
299; in Florida, 426, 434, 451,
462 ; in New Spain, used for
masts (1572) IX. 382; water drop-
ping, in Fierro Island and in
Guinea (1564) x. 13 ; oysters grow-
ing on, in Trinidad (1595) 349;
bearing oysters at Sierra Leone,
XI. 132, 174.

Tremisen, kingdom and city of, i.
308, V. 240, VI. 143, 144.

Trenchant, pilot of Captain Laudon-
niere (1564) ix. 42, 44; and Sir
John Hawkins's ship (1565)
80.

Trent, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

Trepassa Bay, near Cape Race, viii.

63.
Trepointes Cape, see Three Points.
Tresio, Stephen de, of Panama,

letter from, to Alonso Martines

Vaca of Seville (1590) x. 173.
Tres Puntas, Cape (Africa), see

Three Points.
Tres Puntas, Cape (West Indies),

Sir Anthony Sherley at (1597) x.

275.
Treviso, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

323-
Trexeda, John de, letter from, to the

King of Spain (1590) x. 159.
Treyo, Raphael de, in charge of

Cacatepec town, ix. 469.

Trial by combat, or Campe, 11. 234,
264, 411.

Triana, Inquisition house at, and
English prisoners (1570) ix. 463.

Triangle Island, near New Spain,
mentioned in the Ruttier, x. 296,
322 ; latitude of, products of, 458 ;
Sir Walter Raleigh at (1597) xi. 7.

Tribute levied by the Tartars, i. 231 ;
paid by Lapland to Denmark, iii.
204; to Sweden, 205; owed by
the Prince of Tunis to the King
of Sicily (1270) IV. 359; in Hang-
chow, 426 ; of the Indies to the
King of Spain, ix. 375 ; paid by
Indians to the King of Spain
(1572) 391 ; of the Portuguese for
their fishing at Cape Blanco, to
the King of the Moors (1564) x.
14 ; paid by Indians of S. Marie
Island to Spaniards (1587) xi. 302.

Trimley, in Suffolk, xi. 290.

Trin, land and cape, discovered by
Zichmni (c. 1580) vii. 461.

Trinidad, Isle of, Chidley's voyage
to, VI. 403 ; Andrew Barker, and
the Indians of (1576) x. 84; the
Edward Bonaventure at (1593)
197; Sir Robert Dudley's voyage
to (1594) 203-212; Sir Robert Dud-
ley at (1595) 205; Indians of, and
Sir Robert Dudley, 205 ; depar-
ture from, of Sir Robert Dudley
and Captain Popham (1595) 209;
vocabulary of, by Sir Robert Dud-
ley (1595) 211 ; Sir Walter Raleigh
at (1595) 225, 349; latitude of, 332 ;
description and products of, by
Raleigh (1595) 350; Indians of,
352 ; Juan Martinez at, 361 ; In-
dians of, and the gold of Guiana,
366; Antonio de Berreo's return
to, 372 ; Spanish ships at (1596)
467, 479; Ciawani Indians in,
476 ; people of, and Tobago Island
(1596) 478; Caspar de Sylva
buried at, Juan Gonsales starts
from, 496; conquest of, by Augus-
tine Delgado, etc., 497; difficul-
ties of gaining access to Guiana
from, 499 ; near the Gulf of Paria,
XI. 21 ; latitude of, 22.

Trinidad, Punta de la. Captain Ul-
loa at (1539) IX. 251.

434

INDEX

Trinity, the, of Hull, ii. 6i.

Trinity, the, of London ,(1557) 11.
375, 413, 425 ; John Robins, master
of, 380.

Trinity, the, and the second voyage
to Guinea (1555) vi. 155, 160; her
courteous treatment, in Guinea
(1555) 207.

Trinity, the, flagship, in Hore's
voyage to Newfoundland (1536)
VIII. 3.

Trinity, the, Spanish ship, in the
Dolphin river (1565) ix. 89; dis-
coveries by (1539) 207; aground in
S. Cruz Channel (1539) 226; S.
Elmo's fire seen on, 228; lost for
three days (1539) 229, 232; found,
233 ; in a storm, 243 ; and the
Indians (1540) 262 ; return with
Captain Ulloa to New Spain (1540)
278.

Trinity Fitz- Williams, the, and the
Levant trade (c. 1511) v. 62; and
the Chios trade, 115.

Tri Ostrove Island, Stephen Borough
at (1557) II. 366.

Tripanicks, tribe in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 322.

Tripoli (Africa), vi. 142 ; Romadan
Pasha, King of (1583) v. 264;
English trade privileges (1584)
274 ; Murad Khan to the viceroy
of (1584) 275; John Tipton, con-
sul at, 276; voyage of the Jesus
to (1583) 292-311; the Jesus at
(1584)293; King of , and Sonnings,
295, 296; killed by his soldiers
(1585) 309; Murad Khan's letter
to, about the Jesus's crew and
cargo (1584) 314; William Har-
borne's letters to, 316.

Tripoli (Syria), six days' journey
from Aleppo, iii. 57; Venetian silk
and cloth market at, 144, 148;
Anthony Jenkinson at, 195 ; Isakius
and his daughter sent prisoners
to (1191) IV. 331; English trade
in (c. 1511) V. 62; English mer-
chants in, 188, 239; Laurence
Aldersey at (1581) 212, (1586) vi.
43 ; saffron grows near, v. 240 ;
Richard Forster, consul for (1583)
260; Caesar Frederick at (1563)
366, (1567) 446, 447; John New-

bery at (1583) 452, 454; Ralph
Fitch at (c. 1583) 465, 505 ; voyage
of John Eldred to (1583-1588) vi.
1-9 ; description of, 2 ; the Royal
Merchant and the William and
John at (1586) 48; Richard Wrag
at (1594) 108; English consul at,
XII. 102 ; Beglerbeg of, his
retinue, vi. 67; Pasha of, and the
Persian war (c. 1583) v. 453 ; San-
jack of, 148 ; his presents to Soly-
man, 108; killed at Famagusta

(1571) 152.
Tripolitanus, Gulielmus, writings

of. III. 281.
Tristram, John, killed in the fight

on the Primrose (1585) v. 416.
Troglodytes, cave-dwellers in Africa,

VI. 169.
Troietes, Russian monastery, 11.

440.
Troiocouria or Proiocoorow, Duke

Feodor Michalowich, iii. 218, 229.
Trollhualur, iv. 42, 139.
Troncavilla, Francesco, Captain,

slain at Famagusta (1571) v. 150.
Trondon, see Drontheim.
Tronquiere, la, in Rhodes, Sir Anas-

tase de S. Camilla, commander

of (1522) V. II.
Tropics, products of, 11. 164 f. ;

greatest heat under the, vii.

266 f.
Trotero, messenger in Morocco, vi.

285, 426.
Troy, ruins of, vi, 107.
Trubor, ruler in North Russia, iii.

357-

Truchses, Martin, thirty-first master
of the Dutch knights (1477) 11. 10.

Trumpeter, French, aboard the Tiger
(1557) VI. 230; of the Flemish
ship at Gibraltar (1590) vii. 33;
bf the Centurion (1591) 36; Eng-
lish, killed at Fayal (1590) 75; of
Sir Francis Drake killed at Nombre
de Dios (1572) x. 76, xi. 228; of
Andrew Barker, killed at Maio
Island (1576) X. 83.

Trumpets Island, Martin Frobisher
at (1576) VII. 210.

Trusco, Wolstan's voyage to, i. 15.

Truvor, and the civilisation of Rus-
sia, II. 183.

435

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Truxillo, in Honduras Bay, William
Coxe at (1576) X. 86; Christopher
Newport at (1591) 187; descrip-
tion of, Sir Anthony Sherley and
Captain Parker at (1597) 274, 278;
Captain Parker's voyage to (1596)
277.

Truxillo, town in Peru, xi. 286.

Tsaritsna Island, iii. 217.

Tuatepec, Miles Philips at (1580) ix.

434-
Tubaron, A punta do, mentioned in

Ruttier, xi. 81.
Tuberones, fish on sea coast of

Africa, vi. 381.
Tubguer, in Darha, vn. 89.
Tucaman, province of, xi. 285.
Tucaman, town on the river Plate,

XI. 208.
Tucano, chief city of seven, described

to Vasquez de Coronado by In-
dians (1540) IX. 160.
Tucaris Indians and the gold of

Guiana, x. 366.
Tucke, of Kent, voyage of, in the

Trinity (1536) viii. 3.
Tucker, Francis, and Pedro Gon-

salvez (1591) VII. 97.
Tucker, Lieutenant, in S. lago City

(1585) X. 107; lieutenant in Sir
Francis Drake's fleet, death of

(1586) 134-

Tuckfield, voyage of, in the Trinity

(1536) vm. 3.
Tuk, Laurence, of Cley, ship-
master and Prussian pirates, 11.

64.
Tuke, in the country of Tumen, iii.

19.
Tulaningo, a small lake in New

Spain, IX. 466.
Tulen Sands, description of, ix. 331.
Tully, see Cicero.
Tulu Bay, treasure captured by

Andrew Barker at (1576) x. 84.
Tumat, Tartars and, i. 86.
Tumbex, in Peru, Francisco Pizarro

at, XI. 280; Indian town, 286.
Tumbuto, see Timbuctoo.
Tumen, Castle of, in Russia, iii.

408.
Tumen, land of, iii. 19.
Tumen, Persian money, ill. 49.
Tundi, bishops in Japan, vi. 329.

Tunez, see Tunis.

Tunis and Constantia, kingdom of,
VI. 142.

Tunis, Prince Edward arrives at
(1270) IV. 359; Henry IV. of Eng-
land, his voyage to (1390) 450,
451; Charles V. at the taking
of (1538) v. 69; in Turkey, Eng-
lish merchants in, 183 ; English
trade privileges to be enforced in,
by Edward Barton (1584) 274;
Murad Khan to the viceroy of
(1584) 275; John Tipton, consul
at, 276; John Evesham at (1587)
VI. 35 ; the Golden Nohle of Lon-
don at (1586) 46; retinue of the
Beglerbeg of, 6y ; Gulf of, An-
thony Jenkinson in the, III. 195.

Tunny, salted, markets of, in Japan,

IX. 335.

Tunstal, Adam, English cooper, in
Lapland (1575) m. 197.

Tunxa, in Nuevo Reyno de Gran-
ada, X. 363.

Tupara root, useful against Indian
poisons, X. 397.

Turara, Indian herb, anti-poisonous,

X. 495-

Turbervile (Turberville), George
(1540- 16 10), secretary of Thomas
Randolph, verses of (1568) i. xliv. ;
description of Russia by, iii. 124-

135-
Turbi Tartari, in Asia, vii. 177.
Turbith, found in Diu and Cambay,

VI. 26.
Turcia, see Turkey.
Turcomanni, see Turkomans.
Turcoplier, Sir John Bourgh a, v.

7.

Turgemannus, i. 233.

Turk, Great, see Solyman.

Turk, etymology of the word, iii.
39S.

Turkeman, see Turkomans.

Turkey, i. 166; in Thome's map, 11.
170 ; Persia inferior in power to,
III. 160; Anthony Jenkinson in,
195 ; Russian fur market in (1588)
365 ; complaints of, against
Rhodes, v. 2 ; William Harborne,
ambassador in (1582) 221; Auri-
pigmentum found in, vi. 27;
state expenses of, 61-68; peace

436

INDEX

between, and Poland (1590) 69;
Company or Levant Company
(1592) 74 ff. ; trade in, by Captain
Carleill (1583) viii. 136.

Turkeys, found in Virginia (1586)
VIII. 369; in Florida, 451, 461.

Turkish merchants, i, 230 ; ambas-
sador at the Persian court (1562)
III. 27; Anthony Jenkinson and,
29; league with Venetians, 28;
and English merchants, 141 ; car-
pet-making, and the Muscovy
Company. 251; language similar
to Tartar, 399.

Turkomans, state of the land of, 11.
463; to Urgenj, ten days' jour-
ney with camels, 480 ; Anthony
Jenkinson in, iii. 196.

Turkomans and the Tartars, i. 86.

Turks, original country of, i. 267 ;
and King Philip of Spain at Malta
(1566) III. 53, 54; in battle, 394;
at the siege of Rhodes (1522) v.
1-60; at the siege of Famagusta
(1571) 129-152; victory of, over
the Three Half Moons' crew (1577)
155 ; twenty captive, in the West
Indies, and Sir Francis Drake
(1586) VI. 40; conquest of Fama-
gusta by, 109 f. ; at Lepanto,
no.

Turnbull, William, agent to the
Muscovy Company (1579) iii. 212;
at Astrakhan, 217; leaves, 245;
at Baku (1580) 227; received by
the Pasha of Derbent, 228; re-
fused audience, 231; takes leave,
232 ; returns to England, 246 ;
debts owed to, in Russia (1591)
426, 429, 433, 435.

Turneham, Robert, Franciscan
preacher in the Syrian expedition
(1268) IV. 366, 368.

Turneham, Stephen, captain, dedi-
cation to, by William the Pilgrim
(1201) IV. 345.

Turner, Nicolas, of London, privi-
leged trader in Senegal (1588) vi.

443-450-
Turney, see Tournai.
Turon, Richard L meets Philip,

King of France, at (1190) iv. 320.
Turpentine, found in Virginia (1586)

VIII. 354; in Florida, x. 57.

Turquesses, see Turquoises.
Turquoises, found by Friar Marco de

Niga, used as house decoration

(1539) IX. 129, 136; earrings of,

131; collars of, 134; found in

Cevola (1540) IX. 155, 300.
Turrianus, Cosmus, and Aloisius

Froes, vi. 332.
Tushi, son of Jenghiz Khan, i, 71,

74, 150; and Comania, 146.
Tusimer, Henry a, eighteenth

master of the Dutch knights, 11.

6.
Tuspa river, marks of, in second

Ruttier, x. 319.
Tussmetta, dried goat's flesh, used

in Lanzarota, vi. 134.
Tutan, viceroy or governor of a shire

in China, vi. 296, 301, 313, 363.
Tuteritona, town near Mana river,

X. 416.
Tutia, found in Persia, vi. 25.
Tutonaguy, first cataract of the

Saguenay river at, viii. 270.
Tutteburie, John, 11. 103 ; and Prus-
sian pirates, 61.
Tuttee Island, fight between English

merchants and freebooters at

(1570) III. 167.
Tututepec, province of New Spain,

IX. 472; ' mansion of Pinotespan,'
subject to, 470.

Tuvia, city in Nuevo Reyno de Gran-
ada, X." 368.

Tuzi, war officer in China, vi. 302.

Twelfth-Night in Flanders, vi. 228.

Twerdico, Stephen, Russian ambas-
sador to England (1567) iii. 98;
Queen Elizabeth's letter and, loi.

Twerra, conquered province of Rus-
sia, III. 359.

Twide, under John Hooper's leader-
ship, missing in Panuco (1568) ix.

413-

Twilight in the Burning Zone, vii.
259; under the Poles, 275.

Twit, John, in Virginia (1585) viii.
318.

Twitt, John, of Harwich, Christo-
pher Newport's voyage by (1591)

X. 184.

Twyd, of Harwich, joint-owner of

the Solomon (1590) vii. 31.
Tydore, see Tidore.

437

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Tydway, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

Tygar, see Tiger.

Tygre, see Tiger.

Tymbanton, Rajah of Java (1580)
XI. 132.

Tynemouth, iii. 302.

Tynne, see Tin.

Typhoon, description of a, in Indian
Ocean, v. 436.

Typton, M., see Tipton.

Tyranno, Puerto de, or Mompatar,
Agira at, x. 362.

Tyre, Richard I. prevented from en-
tering, by King Philip of France
(1191) IV. 331; Philip, King of
France, at, 334 ; Baldwin, arch-
bishop of Canterbury, in (1190)
341 ; engraving of, in the sixteenth
century, 369; Ezekiel's prophecy
about, VI. 108 ; William, arch-
bishop of, ' Historia belli sacri,'
by (1097) IV. 294; life and travels
of (1130) 307.

Tyrus, see Tyre.

Ubarro, river in Guiana, x. 408.
Uchali Pasha, William Harborne's

present to (1583) v. 254.
Uchoog or Ouchooge Weir, iii. 221 ;

Robert Golding at (1580) 239;

English merchants at, 243.
Udene, see Udine.
Udine, Friar Odoric's death at

(1331) IV. 443.
Ugini, Ralph Fitch at (c. 1583) v.

r 473-

Ugoria, 11. 394; yew market in, 387,
III. 119, 455; Arthur Pet's pro-
posed voyage to, 257; Arthur Pet
near (1580) 298; journey to, of
Sigismund ab Herberstein, 405.

Ugory, see Ugoria.

Ugritzchi, the, people dwelling near
the Ob, III. 408.

Ulfliot, and the Norwegian laws in
Iceland (926) iv. 53, 151.

Ulie, the, see Vlieland.

Ulishingers, see Flushing, men of.

Ulloa, Francis de, captain of the
Spanish fleet, discoveries by (1539)
IX. 207-278 ; takes possession of
California (1539) 211, 215; erects
a cross, 212; takes possession of

S. Andrew's haven, 218; and the
Indians of California, 221, 236;
wounded, 236 ; courage of, 238 ;
gifts exchanged with the peace-
able Indians, 245 ff. ; lands in
Cedars Island, 259, 266; attacked
by Indians on Cedars Island (1540)'
259, 265; ships in a storm (1540)
269, 271 f. ; discovery of Cabo del
Enganno by, and return of (1540)
278; tale of, about the discovery
of the North-west passage, xii.
26.

Ulhva or S. John de Lowe, see S.
Juan d'Ulloa.

Ullva, Alphonso, and the ' Story of
Charles V.'s Life,' vii. 187.

Ulpian, on the word Victus, iv. 64,
164.

Ulricus a Jungingen, twenty-third
master of the Dutch knights (1407)
II. 7.

Ulster, conquered by John de
Courci, I. 32, 34; subdued by
Hugh de Lacy (1204) 33.

Ultar Sound, Arthur Pet in the
(1580) III. 301.

Umpton, colonel, in Spain (1589) vi.
484; his march to Lisbon, 497.

Umpton, Henry, Stephen Parmeni-
us's patron (1583) viii. 84.

Underwood, John, of the second voy-
age of William Towerson to
Guinea (1557) vi. 230.

Unduglesme, river, iv. 371.

Unekius, Oliver and (1581) iii. 454.

Unicorn, the, of Danzig, Melchior
White, master of (1577) vi. 231;
and the English ships, 233.

Unicorn, the, English pinnace, voy-
age of, to Guinea (1577) vi. 231,
234; to Hanta, 247.

Unicorn, horn of the Abath or
female, vi. 399 ; horn of, found in
Tartary, vii. 182 ; horn, found in
a native's dart, 418; horn of, and
walrus's tooth used against poison-
(1591) viii. 157; horn of, use in
Florida (1565) x. 59.

Unicorn fish, see Narwhal.

Uniforms of the Turkish army, de-
scription of, v. 105, 108.

University of Egypt, or Giamalazar,,
V. 335-

438

INDEX

Unkeltop, John, damages paid to,
II. 103 f.

Unticaro, Peter, prisoner of the
Turks (1577) V. 157; and John
Foxe's plan of escape, 158; and
the jailer's treasure, 159; death
of, 160.

Upcot, captain of the Moon (1578)
VII. 322, 351; and Captain Best,
in the pinnace, 358.

Upotommas, nation on the Ecrowto
river, x. 492.

Upton, Thomas, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition up the Cap-
uri river (1595) x. 380.

Uquam, province in China, xi. 379.

Ura, Matthew de, Genoese merchant
of Rhodes (1522) v. 43.

Uraba, gulf of, x. 383.

Uraca river, x. 492.

Uracco river, between Cape Cecil
and Raleana river, x. 459, 492.

Ural river, i. 278, 11. 477; John de
Piano Carpini's journey over the,
I. 94, 163 ; Anthony Jenkinson ill
on the. II. 457.

Urban II., Pope, and the Council of
Clermont (1096) iv. 293.

Urdaneta, Andrew, Mexican friar,
through the North-west passage,
VII. 179, 181, 188; the King of
Portugal and, 180 ; his voyage to
Germany from the South Sea, 196.

Ure, in Russia, 11. 420.

Uredeland, Henry, Hanse messen-
ger, II. 55.

Uren, Philip de, attempt to discover
Guiana by, x. 497.

Urgence, see Urgenj.

Urgenj, Anthony Jenkinson at, 11.
462, 465, 475; description of, 463;
ambassador from, 475 ; latitude of,
479 ; from Bokhara to, fifteen
days' journey, 480, 481 ; Anthony
Jenkinson 's voyage to (1558) iii.

335-
Urgenshe, see Urgenj.
Uriogorod, see Vriagorod.
Urnan, tenth shire of China, vi.

296.
Uromo, Sloboda to, iii. 70.
Ursence or Contursia, iv. 37, 132.
Uruay, Rio, mentioned in Ruttier,

XI. 98.

Uschatoi, Knez Peter, iii. 411.

Uscombe, Richard, letter from, to
Henry Lane (1571) m. 169.

Usdrum, retinue of the Beglerbeg
of, VI. 67; Pasha of, in the Hun-
garian-Turkish war (1594) VI. 104.

Ushant Islands, xi. 200; George
Fenner athwart of (1566) vi. 266;
English fleet unable to double
(1589) 475 ; John White in sight
of (1590) VIII. 422.

Usiran, Mahomet's disciple, iii. 36.

Uslano, Christopher, of Potosi, letter
from, to Gonsalvo de Solana, of
Encisa, Spain (1590) x. 171.

Usman, son of Homer, iii. 159.

Usnago, Michael de, admiral of the
Spanish fleet (1538) ix. 125.

Usont, Mount, in China, vi. 323.

Ussa river, iii. 407.

Ussant Island, see Ushant.

Ust Pinnego, Kholmogory to, iii.
70.

Ustiug, see Ustyug.

Ustiug Thelesna, iron at, in. 369.

Ustuga, province of Russia, in. 359.

Ustyoug, see Ustyug.

Ustyug Velikiy, in. 405 ; Anthony
Jenkinson at, n. 418; Osep Napea
at, 426; from S. Nicholas Bay to,
111.68,71; English wares conveyed
to (1569) no; on the Dvina, 215.

Usurers, foreign, n. 125 f.

Usury in another world, Japanese
belief in, vi. 337.

Utelif, see Sword-fish,

Utina, Guetelus, public notary at
(133 1) IV. 444.

Utina Olata Ouae, Great King in
Florida (1564) ix. 20; vassals of,
21; and M. de Arlac with the
Indian prisoners (1564) 34; and
JQng Potanou, 34; La Roche Fer-
riere, sent by Captain Laudon-
niere to (1564) 37; and Captain
Laudonniere's envoys (1565) 55;
asks for help, 56; and the famine
at Fort Caroline (1565) 62; de-
ceives Ottigni and Vasseur, 63 ;
taken prisoner by Captain Lau-
donniere (1565) 64; his son elected
King, 65 ; liberation from impri-
sonment at Fort Caroline (1565)
69.

439

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Utrecht, Laurence Aldersey at (1581)

V. 214.
Utreight, see Utrecht.
Utrii, rafts on the Tigris, v. 368.
Utzar Zegoline, Emperor of Kazan,

II. 450.
Uvaga river, in. 406.
Uvogolici, the, people dwelling near

the Ob, III. 408.
Uz, land of Job, iv. 410.
Uzesucani, in Asia, vii. 177.

Vaca, Alonso Martines, of Seville,
letter to, from Steven de Tresio of
Panama (1590) x. 173.

Vaca, Cabega de, see Nunnez, Al-
varo.

Vacas, Rio de las, discovered by
Antonio de Espejo (1583) ix. 203.

Vachen, country west of the Volga,
II. 452 ; Anthony Jenkinson in, iii.
196.

Vachin, see Vachen.

Vacquieulx, Receiver of, and Cap-
tain Gourgues (1570) ix. iii.

Vacupa, Friar Marco de Niga at
(1539) IX. 128, 130.

Vadska, conquered province of Rus-
sia, III. 359.

Vaga, province of Russia, iii. 359.

Vaigach Island, Stephen Borough at
(1556) II. 337, 339, 340, 346; dis-
covery of, related by Richard
Johnson (1556) 11. 345; English
expeditions to (1588) iii. 120, (1580)
252, 254; Tabin Promontory to,
262 ; Arthur Pet sights (1580) 288;
returns to, 291, (1580) 296; dis-
covered by the Searchthrift (1556)
334' 455 i Straits of, William Bor-
ough at the discovery of (1556)
210.

Vaigats, see Vaigach.

Valachia, see Roumania.

Valakia, see Roumania.

Valania, see Alania.

Valani, see Alanians.

Valdenare, Sir Christopher, castellan
of Rhodes, captures a Turkish
banner (1522) v. 29.

Valdez, Diego Flores de, and the
Armada (1588) iv. 200; opinion
of, on Philip II. 's orders, 212;
general of the Spanish fleet (1570)

IX. 460; his kindness to Robert
Barret (1570) 462.

Valdez, Pedro de, and the Armada
(1588) IV. 200; taken by Sir Fran-
cis Drake, 213, 231; at Portland
(1588) VII. 39; prisoner in Eng-
land (1590) X. 161.

Valdivia, Don Pedro de, and the
conquest of Chile, xi. 274 ; wealth
of, 275 ; towns in Chile built by,
276; death of, 276.

Valdivia, town on the coast of Chile,
XI. 274, 276; description of, 278.

Valencia, Adomar of, witness of Ed-
ward I.'s great charter, i. 338.

Valencia, kingdom of, v. 243.

Valencia, William of, witness of
Edward's I.'s great charter, 1.296.

Valentia, see Valencia.

Valentine, Thomas, merchant, lands
at Cape Verde (1567) vi. 271.

Valerius Antias, iv. 22, 113.

Valerosa, Gabriel, of John Chid-
ley's voyage, return of (1590) xi.

384. 389.

Valle, Marquess de, see Cortez, Her-
nando.

Valles, the, ships from Panama to
(1590) X. 177.

Valona, John Locke near (1553) v.
103.

Valparaiso, port of S. lago in Chile,
Sir Francis Drake at (1578) xi.
113; latitude of 113, 278, 349;
Sir Francis Drake captures a ship
at, 261 ; from, to Quintero Bay,
360.

Valpares, see Valparaiso.

Valpariso, see Valparaiso.

Valvot, Captain, and Captain Lau-
donniere agree to return to France
(1565) IX. 97.

Van or Nan, Pasha of, in the Hun-
garian-Turkish war (1594) VI. 104.

Vanam, province in China, xi. 380.

Vandals and Octher, i. 14 ; and the
Huns, 279.

Vanderfoord, Sir John, Dutch ad-
miral, and the Cadiz expedition
(1596) IV. 236; head of a squad-
ron, 242 ; knighted at Cadiz, 260.

Vanfuli, nephew of the King of
China, description of his palace,
VI. 326.

440

INDEX

Vanil of Cambay, in Ormuz market,

VI. 323.
Van-Svi, style of address to the

King of Ctiina, vi. 368.
Vantage, the, John Rivers, captain

of (1585) X. 98.^
Vaperon, town in Guiana, xi. 12,

13-

Vararzana, John de, see Verrazzano.

Varas, silk market at, iii. 50.

Vardo, or Wardhouse, Norway, Eng-
lish ships at (1553) II. 220, 246,
247* 323 ; weights of, 275 ; stock-
fish markets, 276 ; John Brooke,
Muscovy Company's agent at, 281,
286, 287; Stephen Borough at
(1556) 332, 344. 345; Anthony
Jenkinson's description of, 416;
chart of, engraving of, 416; S.
Nicholas to, in. 69 ; fishing trade
in, 89; English trade in, restricted
to Muscovy Company (1567) 97;
English merchants at, 117, 305;
whale-fishing (1575) 201; Danish
captain of, 206; Arthur Pet and
(1580) 254, 283; journey from, to
Tabin, 262 ; discovered by the Ed-
ward Bonaventure, 331; Lapp
fishing at, 404 ; in the Arctic Zone,

VII. 276 ; climate of, compared
with Meta Incognita, 369 ; Sound
of, Stephen Borough in (1557) n.

371-
Vare, measure of Ormuz, vi. 15 ;

of Goa, 18.
Varellas, or Temples of Idols, in

Pegu, v. 492.
Vargas, Diego and Juan de, their

attempt to discover Guiana, x. 497.
Varivus, ruler in North Russia, iii.

357.

Varney, John, captain of the George
(1585) X. 99 ; and the boats in Car-
tagena harbour (1586) 124; death
of, 125, 134.

Varnich, Carraich to, in. 81.

Vasiagy, English merchants in
(1569) III. 116.

Vasiliagorod Castle, 11. 450.

Vasili Feodorowich, Russian Em-
peror's deputy, and Stephen Bor-
ough (1557) II. 374.

Vasma, hemp-growing in, iii. 368.

Vasquez de Coronado, Francisco,

XII

Cathay unknown to, vii. 166 ; and
strange ships from China and
Cathay, 170; voyage of, ix. 115;
letters from (1539) 116, 118; voyage
of, to Cevola (1540) 145-169; news
of Axa and Quivira brought to
Antigua (1540) 164; madness of , in
Antigua (1542) 165; marriage of,
166; crosses erected in Cevola
by (1540, 1541) 198; and the gold
there, 199; his departure from
Aguaiavall (1540) 279; inquiries
of Captain Alarchon about (1540)
292, 308, 311.
Vasseur, Captain, expedition of, to
Thimogoa (1564) ix. 20; and King
Molloua, 20, 21, 22; and King
Molona, 22, 23; and King Malica,
25 ; and the Indian prisoners (1564)
31, 33; expedition of, towards the
north of Florida (1565) 53; de-
ceived by King Utina (1565) 63;
and Athore, son of Satourioua

(1565) 75; and Sir John Hawkins'
ship (1565) 80.

Vasseur, La, of Constance, in
Roberval's voyage (1542), death of,
at sea (1542) viii. 289.

Vassian, Southam and Sparke at

(1566) III. 79.
Vastacius, i. 231.
Vatica, Jacomo, master of the Gra-

daige (1563) v. 366.

Vaughan, Captain, in Virginia
(1585) VIII. 317.

Vaughan, John, captain of the
Drake (1585) x. 98.

Vavasour, Andrew, and the North-
west passage, vii. 163.

Vavasour, Thomas, captain of the
Foresight (1591) vii. 41; his help
to the Revenge, 48.

Vaygatz, see Vaigach.

Vaz, Lopez, voyage of Sir Francis
Drake to Nombre de Dios and
Darien (1572), written by, x. 75-
77; voyage of John Oxenham to
West India and Darien (1575),
written by 77-81 ; discourse of,
concerning the fight of Fenton
with the Spanish ships (1582) xi.
92-95 ; discourse of, concerning the
West Indies and South Sea
(1572-87) 227.290.

441 2 F

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Vaz, Pedro, Portuguese pilot at
Sierra Leone (1582) xi. 177.

Vazabaris, Enseada de, bay men-
tioned in Ruttier, xi. 77.

Veadore, chief man in Benin, vi.

459-

Vedagoba, English trade in (1575)
III. 199; Lapp fishing at (1588)
404.

Veii, ' walking-houses ' of Tartars,
m. 396.

Vela, Cape de la. Sir John Hawkins
at (1568) IX. 401, (1565) X. 37,
(1568) 66 ; Andrew Barker at (1576)
84; description of, Sir Francis
Drake at (1595) 233 ; Sir Anthony
Sherley at (1596) 272; mentioned
in the Ruttier, 288; latitude of,
335 ; pearl trade at, xi. 237.

Velas, Islas de las, see Ladrones.

Velasco, Don Luis de, viceroy of
Mexico (1558) IX. 356; discovery
of the Philippines by, xi. 287.

Velasco de Varre, Don Juan de,
general of the Spanish fleets (1570)
IX. 460; and the English prison-
ers sent to Spain (1570) 459.

Veles, Port of, from Cape Blanco to,
XI. 361 ; from, to S. John Port,
362.

Velez Malaga, William Harborne at
(1583) V. 243.

Veline, lake, petrifying waters of
the, IV. 37, 132.

Veloso, Manoel, slave of, in Peru
(1581) XI. 38.

Veneseander, value of, v. 511.

Venetiano, Benedetto, slave in Tri-
polis (Africa) (1584) v. 304.

Venetians, home products of the, 11.
124; in league with the Turks,
III. 28; merchants at Aleppo (1566)
57; and trade with Armenians
(1568) 139; consul of the Com-
pany of, in Tripolis (Syria), his
present to Solyman, v. 108.

Venetus, Paulus, his map, iii. 459 ;
in Cathay, vii. 166, 170.

Venezuela, province of, despoiled by
Agira, x. 363 ; Indians of, and the
gold of Guiana, 366.

Venice, a month's sailing from Tri-
polis, III. 57 ; ships of, lost at sea
(1588) IV. 230; body of Empress

Helena preserved at, 272 ; death
of the Duke of Norfolk at (1399)
453; John Locke at (1553) v. 77,
105; trade with Chios (1569) 114,
116; rights of, over Cyprus, 126;
Laurence Aldersey in (1581) 203,
214; description of, 205; Duke
of, 205; Sesame seed in, 230;
Henry Austell at, 322 ; the Edward
Bonaventure and the Susan at
(1586) VI. 48; Levant Company's
trade in (1592) 75, 77; Richard
Wrag at (1594) 113; navy of, xii.

3-

Venison in Newfoundland, viii. 14.

Venner, Captain, see Fenner.

Vennor, Thomas, see Fenner.

Venta Cruz, or House of Crosses,
in New Spain, Sir Francis Drake
and the sacking of (1572) x. 76;
open to Sir Francis Drake's devas-
tations, 94; near the river of
Chagres, 144 ; fortified, 150 ; a
danger to Panama (1587) 151 ;
set on fire by Sir Francis Drake
(1572) XI. 229.

Venta de Cruzes, see Venta Cruz.

Ventereuse, La, of Honfleur, Wil-
liam Towerson and (1577) vi. 241.

Vento, French Consul in Alexandria
(1584) v. 288; Pasha of Alex-
andria and, 289.

Ventry haven, English fleet at (1589)
vii. 26.

Vera, Domingo de, general for
Antonio de Berreo (1593) x. 434.

Vera, Juan de, taken prisoner by
the English at the Groyne (1589)
VI. 485; on Bayona, 514.

Vera Cruz, Spanish fort built in
(1590) IX. 204, 205; Robert Tom-
son at (1556) 346; description of,
by Robert Thomson (1558) 354;
otherwise called Villa rica, 359 ;
Roger Bodenham in (1564) 359;
John Chilton at, 361 ; cattle used
in, as purifiers of the air, 361 ;
commercial port (1572) 378; dan-
gerous mosquitoes in, 379; Miles
Philips escaping from Mexico,
arrested at (1580) 435, 436; lati-
tude and marks of, described in
the Ruttier, x. 294; in second
Ruttier, 316, 317; latitude of, 317,

442

INDEX

334 ; soundings of, mentioned in
second Ruttier, 320 ; longitude
from, to S. Juan d'Ulloa,

337- . .

Veragua, province of, mountams m,
IV. 18, 108; gold found on coast
of, IX. 366.

Veragua, town, Spanish frigate cap-
tured at, by Andrew Barker (1576)
X. 85.

Vera Paz, John Chilton in (1570) ix.

369-

Verde, Cape, in Thome's map, 11.
168, 169, 173, 177; sea currents
off, VI. 161 ; station for the Portu-
guese ships, 168; William Tower-
son at (1555) 181, (1556) 211, (1557)
230, (1577) 236, 249; the Leuriere
of Dieppe at (1557) 218; French
merchants (1577) 237, 258; Eng-
lish merchants at (1562) 258;
Sir John Hawkins at (1564) 265;
George Fenner at (1567) 270; pro-
ducts of, 271 ; negroes' treachery
towards English merchants at
(1567) 272; flying fishes at, 274;
George Raymond at (1591) 387;
latitude of, 451; the Richard of
Arundel in sight of (1590) 462;
Spanish fleet from (1589) vii. 71;
discovered by Alouis de Cadomosta
VIII. 127; Portuguese garrison
at, 445 ; Sir John Hawkins
at (1567) IX. 399, 446, X. 15, 64;
latitude of, 15; traffic of the
French at (1564) 15; Sir Francis
Drake at (1595) 228; Sir Anthony
Sherley at (1596) 267; Ruttier
from, to the coast of Brazil, xi.
73-75 ; latitude of, 348 ; discovery
of (1446) XII. 3.

Verde, Ilha, latitude of, xi. 348, 352 ;
anchorage at, 371.

Verdier, Captain, and Sir John
Hawkins's ship (1565) ix. 80.

Vere, Edward de, seventh Ear]
of Oxford, and the Armada, iv.
217.

Verona, civil war in, pacified by
Marino Zeno (c. 1200) vii. 145.

Verrazzano, John de, voyages of, by
Ramusio, vii. 149; America un-
known to, 166; voyages of, to
Florida (1524) viii. 423-438;

natives discovered by, 424; inter-
course between Indians of Florida
and, 433 ; thirty-two islands dis-
covered by 438; New France dis-
covered by (1524) 449; discoveries

of, XII. 9.
Verst, III. 73, 405.
Vertendono, Martin de, in the

Armada (1588) iv. 200.
Verzini, found in S. Thomas and

China, vi. 25.
Vere, Sir Francis, Lord Marshall,

and the Cadiz expedition (1596) iv.

236, 241; in the Rainbow, 247;

lands at Cadiz, 250.
Vere, Sir Horatio, knighted at Cadiz

(1596) IV. 259.
Vereies Islands, near Marinduque,

latitude of, ix. 329.
Vergotie, Nicholas, ambassador of

the people of Rhodes to Solyman,

V. 54. 56.
Veriotaus, people of the Cabota river

(1595) X. 208.
Vermeja Island, mentioned in the

Ruttier, x. 294; in second Rut-
tier, 316; longitude from to Villa

Rica, 337.
Vermejo, Mar, see California, Gulf

of.
Vermilion or Cinnabar, vi. 165.
Vermizzo, Fernando, at Cevola,

with Vasquez de Coronado (1540)

IX. 152.
Vescom, Kholmogory to, iii. 70.
Vespasian, and Constantinople, vi.

105.
Vespucci, Amerigo, his discovery of

America (1497) vii. 161, viii. 449;

discoveries of (1501) 129.
Vespucius, see Vespucci.
Vesuvius, Mount, Pliny and, iv. 26,

119.
Viana, in Portugal, bark from,

taken by the Mayflower (1594) vii.

119; Portuguese shipping from

(1578) VIII. II.
Viaparia, river, named by Diego de

Ordas (1531) x. 496.
Viccars, Ambrose and Elizabeth,

settlers in Virginia (1587) viii.

402, 403.
Viccars, Ambrose, child settler in

Virginia (1587) viii. 403.

443

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Viceroy of the Grand Signior,
annuity of, vi. 65 ; of Mexico, Don
Martin Henriques and Sir John
Hawkins in S. Ju^n d'Ulloa
(1568) IX. 451, X. 69 f.

Victory, the, or Our Lady de la
Victoria, church in Rhodes, v. 17 ;
cast down, 41.

Victory, the, of the English fleet

(1588) IV. 218.

Victory, the, of the Earl of Cum-
berland's fleet (1589) VII. I, 2;
English prisoners rescued in, 6;
Captain Monson in the, 10; and
the ship from S. Malo, 13 ; Cap-
tain Lister in, 20.

Victory, the, Spanish ship, Sebastian
del Cano, pilot of, xi. 258.

Victory, Cape, at the entrance of
the Straits of Magellan, xi. 158,
160.

Victuals, scarcity of, in the English
army (1589) vi. 478, 481; on
Spanish ships, xi. 444.

Victus, meaning of, iv. 64, 164.

Vides, governor of Cumana, rivalry
of, with Antonio de Berreo, about
the discovery of Guiana, x. 373 ;
and King Morequito, 373.

Viejo, Puerto, town in Peru, xi.
286.

Vigne, M. de la, sentry of Fort
Caroline (1565) ix. 94.

Vigo, William Towerson at (1577)
VI. 250; Sir Francis Drake at

(1589) 513; burning of, 514; Sir
John Hawkins procures help to
go back to England (1568) x. 74;
captures of Christopher Carleill at
(1585) 102.

Vigonia, the, Spanish ship at the
fight of Puerto Rico (1595) x. 231.

Vike, Lewis de, report of (1583)
VIII. 146.

Vikia (Norway), Bailiff of, i. 341,

347-

Vilela, Caspar, at Tokyo, vi. 332 ;
and Aloisius Froes, 346.

Viliega, at the taking of Cevola
(1540) IX. 154.

Villa Andreda, Don Juan de, gover-
nor of Margarita, killed by Agira,
X. 362.

Villa Dorca, Earl of, French noble-

man, and the proposed fleet of
Rochelle (1597) xi. 67.
Villa Franca, in S. Michael (Azores)
VII. 15 ; destroyed by earthquake

(1591) 79; Sir John Burrough at

(1592) 109. _

Villages of Tivitivas, description of,
by Sir Walter Raleigh, x. 383.

Villa Grande, Pedro de, chosen cap-
tain of the Spaniards in Chile, xi.
277.

Villa Inscensia, Don Nunno de,
judge in Guadalajara, marriage
of (1590) IX. 205.

Villa Longa, the Richard of Arundel
at (1588) VI. 452, (1591) 464.

Villa Manrique, Marquess of, vice-
roy of New Spain (1590) ix. 205.

Villanova, Portuguese hostage to
Thomas Dassel (1591) vii. 96.

Villanueva, Augustin de, and Sir
John Hawkins, at S. Juan d'Ulloa
(1568) IX. 451; treachery of, 452.

Villa nueva de la Serena, see
Coquimbo.

Villa Rica, town in Chili, xi. 276.

Villegagnon, colonising in Southern
America by, viii. 450 ; first settle-
ment of, at Rio de Janeiro, xi.
251; ships of, in the Strait of
Magellan, 259.

Villeneuve, de, in Roberval's voyage
(1542) VIII. 289.

Villiers, French admiral, prepara-
tions of, for the colonisation of
Guiana (1595) x. 365.

Villiers, Philip de, de L'Isle Adam,
Grand Master of Rhodes (,1522) v.
4; preparations for war by, 7-13;
letter from Solyman to, 13 ; por-
trait of, 16; at the breach of
Spain, 31; activity of, 39; and
the proposals of surrender, 43 ;
and the people of Rhodes, 51, 53;
surrenders, 55 ; visits Solyman,
60.

Vilna, taken by the Earl of Derby,
I. 305; Henry Austell at (1585) v.

325-
Vinatico, a tree in Teneriffe, vi.

129.
Vincent, of Sir Richard Grenville's

voyage to Virginia (1585) viii.

310.

444

INDEX

Vincentius Beluacensis, * Speculum

Historiale,' by, i. 94, 134.
Vincula Sancti Petri, fort in Cyprus

(1270) IV. 362.
Vines in Bacchus Island, viii. 221,

227 ; in Canada, 244, 267 ; in

Florida (1524) 430.
Vinton, money of Goa, vi. 18.
Violet, the, and the Spanish ships

(1590) VII. 31.
Violet, the, or the Why not I? in the

Earl of Cumberland's fleet (1592)

VII. 118.

Viralta, Christopher Vasquez de,
soldier of Flanders (1589) vi. 514.

Virgenes, Cabo de las, in Ruttier to
Strait of Magellan, xi. 89.

Virgil and Ultima Thule, iv. 14, 103,
vii. 193 ; on the Torrid Zone, 198 ;
quotation from Book VI. of the
* Aeneid ' of, viii. 449.

Virgil, Polydor, testimony, on
Christian valour (12 18) iv. 350,
351 ; Henry IV. of England's voy-
age to Tunis (1389) by, 450, 452;
intended voyage of Henry IV. to
the Holy Land (14 13) 455, 456.

Virgin Gorda Island, marks of, in
second Ruttier, x. 309.

Virgin Islands, east of Puerto Rico,

VIII. 407 ; Sir Francis Drake at
(1595) X. 229; illness of Sir John
Hawkins at, 229; latitude of, 333.

Virgin Maria, Cape of, see Vir-
genes.

Virgin, the, pinnace of Christopher
Newport's fleet (1591) x. 184.

Virgin, the, ship of James Lancaster
(1594) XI. 43; lost, 44; found,

45-
Virginia, first voyage to, by Philip
Amadas and Arthur Barlowe (1584)
VIII, 297-310; taken possession of,
by Captain Amadas (1584) 298;
description of the king's brother
and his wives, 302 ; warrior of,
engraving of, 304 ; second voyage
to, by Sir Richard Grenville (1585)
310-318; description of, 319;
chart of, by John White, 320;
account of the English left in,
with Ralph Lane (1585-86) 320-
345; third voyage to, by Raleigh's
ship (1586) 346; Thomas Harlot's

report on, 348; 'Merchantable
Commodities ' of (1586) 353; priest
of, engraving of, by John White,
376 ; wholesome climate of, 384 ;
fourth voyage to, by John
White, governor of (1587) 386-403;
names of English settled in,
402 f. ; fifth voyage to, by John
White (1590) 406-422 ; Waterin, or
Waren river, in, ix. 114; breed-
ing of cattle advised as profitable
in (1565) X. 62; Indians of, kind-
ness of, to Amadas and Barlow,
XTi. 39; Lane, governor of, 41;
colonists of, taken home by Drake
(1585) 62; colonisation of, 86;
Lord Delaware, governor of (1609)
112.

Virginia and Florida, chart of, by
John White, engraving of, viii.
400.

' Virginia richly valued,' etc., last
work of Hakluyt (1609) xii. 83.

Viridy, King of the Moors, at the
sack of Bezeneger (1567) v. 382.

Virtues, five principal Chinese, vi.
370.

Virumnius, on Empress Helena, iv.
271.

Viscaia, Nueva, see Biscay, New.

Vision of Edward the Confessor, iv.
286; its confirmation, 287; of
Friar Odoric (1331) 443.

Visitors or Inspectors on Spanish
ships, XI. 444, 456.

Viso, Don John de, town of, in
Guinea (1556) vi. 204.

Vistula, river, i. 15.

Visty, Captain, his advice about the
Spanish ships in Florida (1565) ix.
90.

Vitalians, depredations committed in
Norway by, 11. 68 f.

Viterbium, King of Germany killed
at (1270) IV. 359.

Vitoldus, captain of the Tartars, 11.

7.
Vitoldus, Grand Duke of Lithuania,

and Basil V., Grand Duke of

Russia, II. 190.
Vivianus, legate from Rome, i. 32.
Vizeliac, Richard I. and Philip,

King of France, at (1190) iv. 320,

321.

445

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Vizir, Chief, of Turkey, and John
Field (1593) VI. 96; his reception
of Edward Barton, English am-
bassador, 99.

Vladimir the Great, son of Stoslaus,

II. 184 ; his descendants, 184 f.
Vladimir Monomachos, son of Jaro-

slav, II. 185.
Vladimir or Jaroslav, married Har-

ald's daughter (1067) iii. 373.
Vladimir, first province of Russia,

III. 358.

Vladimir, city of, iii. 370.

Vladislaus, King of Poland, defeats
the Dutch knights, 11. 7, 8.

Vlieland, in Holland, v. 320.

Vlishing, see Flushing.

Vo, or chief Herehaught in Japan,
VI. 329.

Voari river, x. 407.

Vob, river, English merchants on
the (1569) III. 116.

Vobsko, from Novgorod to, iii. 69;
English trade free of customs in
(1569) 112; garrison of the (1584)
345; Sir Jerome Horsey at (1584)
345 ; strong town of Russia, 373 ;
siege of (1580) 385.

Vobsky, see Vobsko.

Vocabulary, Samoyede, 11. 369; of
S. Vincent river (Africa) vi. 187;
of Don John's town, 201; Moor-
ish, 400; of Meta Incognita (1576)
vii. 211; of the natives met by
John Davys (1586) 398; of New
France, noted by Jacques Cartier
(1534) VIII. 209, 260; of Trinidad,
noted by Sir Robert Dudley (1595)
X. 211; of Java (1580) XI. 132-133.

Voiavod, or general, in the Russian
army, iii. 380, 385.

Vois, Tristram, of the Elizabeth
Stokes (1584) V. 282.

Voisie, Lord John, and Prince Ed-
ward (1270) IV. 365.

Volcano of Mexico, see Popocate-
petl.

Volcanoes, in Mercator's map, iii.
280 ; in Iceland, causes of, iv. 17-
19, 106-109; iri Mount Hecla, 19,
27, 109, 119.

Volga, I. 94, 163, 256; the course of
the, 260, 271 ; Rubruquis crosses
the, 266; and the Caspian Sea,

270, 282; II. 252, 420, 426, 450;
and the Kama, 452 ; and the Tar-
tar boats, 454; Anthony Jenkin-
son on the, 456, (1561) iii. 18;
source of the, 11. 477; traffic on
the. III. 71 ; description of, 104; hal-
lowing the water of the, 218; fer-
tility of the land near, 360, 362 ;
fish of the, 370.

Volhuski river, and the city of Nov-
gorod, III. 80.

Volock river, tributary of the Onega,
III. 363.

Volodemer, see Vladimir.

Vologda, hemp and flax market, 11.
225, 262 ; central market, 277, 291,
295 ; Muscovy Company's goods
sent to, 384, 386; goods stolen at,
389; Anthony Jenkinson's de-
scription of, 419 ; Osep Napea at,
426 ; Anthony Jenkinson at, 479 ;
latitude of, 479 ; Anthony Jenkin-
son at (1561) III. 13, 15, (1572)
194 ; from S. Nicholas Bay to, 68 ;
to Yaroslavl, 70; English trade in,
95 ; description of, 104 ; English
trade free at (1569) 112; rope-
house at, 1 13 ; Persian goods
brought to, 147; altitude of, 248;
Sir Jerome Bowes at (1583) 317;
English house allowed the Mus-
covy Company (1586) 351, 443.

Vongui, John, son of Taigarandono,
baptism of (1596) xi. 441.

Vonuez, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
326.

Vopnafiord Haven, in Iceland, iv.
14, 103.

Vopsko, see Vobsko.

Vorronia Island, Southam and
Sparke at (1566) iii. 79, 81.

Vortiporius, King of England, i. 8.

Voshansko, 11. 420.

Vosnessino Christo, monastery on
the Swire, iii. 79, 81.

' Voyages to the East and West
Indies,' by John Huighen van
Linschoten (1589-91) vii. 62.

Vo^^ets. Southam and Sparke at
(1566) III. 77.

Voyrat, i. 70; Tartars and, 86.

Vriagorod, iii. 68; English trade in
(1569) 109; free of customs,
112; English merchants in, 117.

446

INDEX

Vulcan, see Volcano.

Vulodimir, see Vladimir.

Vulture, description of a, by John

Locke (1553) V. 99.
Vuszevolodus, see Wsewolod.
Vut Khan, Prester John's brother

and successor, i. 267 f., 290.

Wacacoia, nation of the Waipoco,

X. 490.
Wacarima Mountains, x. 400; near

Winicapor? river, 418.
Wacawaios, nation of the Lemerare,

X. 494.
Waccawaes or Waccawayans, In-
dians at Vaperon, xi. 12.
VVackerew, town in Seawano, x.

207.
Wade, Armig-il, clerk of the council

of Henry VIII., viii. 3.
Wade, Thomas, master of the Philip

and Mary, 11. 408.
Wade, William, clerk of the Privy

Council, VIII. 3.
Wadworth, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 298.
Wages of serving-men in England

(1589) VI. 523; voyages worked

without (1583) VIII. 121.
Wagham, Griflfin, ship's carpenter

on the Edward Bonaventure (1553)

II. 214.
Wagtail, bird like a, in Cyprus, de-
scription of, by John Locke (1553)

V. 99.
Waimouth, see Weymouth.
Wainfleet, Simon, son of Alan of, i.

341. 344.
Wainfleet, William, son of Laur-
ence of, I. 341.
W^aini river, x. 494 ; in Guiana, 459.
Wainman, Sir Richard, knighted at

Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.
Waipoco, great river, x. 490.
Wake, Hugh, his voyage to Syria

(1240) IV. 352.
Walachia, see Roumania.
W^albie, Thomas, distress of, at

Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.
Walcheren, Isle of, Henry Austell at

(1585) V. 320.
Waldemarus, see Jaroslav.
Walden's epistle to Pope Martin V.,

IV. 277.

Wale, John de, Dutch merchant in
Russia (1584) III. 342, 469, 470.

Walenrod, Conrad, twenty- first
master of the Dutch knights, 11.

7-

Wales, II. 134; rebellion in (1403)
39; an exhortation to the keep-
ing of, 136; Pelagius in, iv. 277;
* History of,' by David Powel
(1170) VII. 133; Edward, prince
of, in France (1359) i. 301.

Waliame, kingdom of, in Guiana,
and Sir Robert Dudley (1595) x.
207.

Walkaden, Robert, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Walkaden, Robert, friend of John
Whithall (1580) XI. 31.

Walkenden, Geoffrey, assistant to
the Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

Walker, and the hides on the West-
ern Planting (1583) viii. 114.

Walker, chaplain, assistant to Ed-
ward Fenton (1582) xi. 163; and
the council, 172 ; at Sierra Leone,
178; illness of, 180; death of

(1583) 198.
Walker, John, gunner's mate on the

Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.

213.
Walker, Thomas, mariner on the

Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 213.
Wall, Alexander the Great's, be-
tween Derbent and Tiflis, iii. 20,

236 ; of China, vi. 350.
Walloon soldiers, ten bands of, in

the Armada (1588) iv. 205.
Walnut trees, found in Hochelaga

(1535)' t)y Jacques Cartier, viii.

228 ; found in Virginia (1586) 366 ;

in Florida, 451.
Walpode de Bassenheim, Sifridus,

ambassador to England, 11. 18, 20.
Walpot, Henry of, first master of

the Hospitallers of Jerusalem, 11.

I.
Walrich, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 298.
Walrode, Conrad de, ambassador to

England, 11. 18, 20.
W^alruses, 11. 337 f. ; use of skins of,

I. 12 ; fishing, 11. 328 ; teeth of,

markets in Russia, 224, 262 ; used

447

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

in Russian dress, 425 ; teeth found
in Pechora, iii. 368; number of,
near White Isle (1591) viii. 152 ;
near Ramea, 157; description by
Jacques Cartier, 156, 216; by Job
Hortop, IX. 446; on Island of
birds, VIII. 167; on Brion's Island,
described by Jacques Cartier, 193 ;
near Seven Islands, 243 ; in the
S. Lawrence 245.

Walsing, Thomas, bishop of Win-
chester's voyage to Jerusalem in
(1417) IV. 454.

Walsingham, Sir Francis (1530-
1590), statesman, dedication to, i.
xvii. ; Russian licence granted to
(1569) III. 109; portrait of, vi.
iii. ; facsimile of letter from John
Davys to (3rd October, 1585) vii.
392 ; secretary of Queen Elizabeth,
and the discovery of the North-
west passage (1585) 440, 441, 442;
his letter to Richard Hakluyt (1582)
VIII. 131; to Thomas Aldworth,
mayor of Bristol, 132 ; Thomas
Aldworth 's answer to, 133; and
Hakluyt, xii. 75, 78, 81 ; letter
from Richard Hakluyt to, fac-
simile of, XII, 80.

Walsingham, Thomas (d. 1422), his-
torian, on Edward III.'s fleet, i.
Ivii. ; and the fleet (1345) 297;
his not about the fleet (1359)
300 f. ; his record of King Henry
IV. 's voyage to Prussia, 304 f. ;
his record of the Duke of Glouces-
ter's voyage to Prussia, 306;
* Latin Chronicle ' by (1415) iv.
367, VI. 121; intended voyage of
Henry IV. to the Holy Land by
(1413) IV. 455.

Walsingham, Cape, discovered by
John Davys (1585) vn. 389.

Walsursye, Willoughby's fleet at, 11.
217.

Walter, Giles, John Growte's
brother-in-law (1587) viii. 272.

Walter, Hubert, bishop of Salisbury,
travels of (1205) iv. 346.

Walter, Thomas, surgeon on the
Edward Bonaventure (1553) n.
213.

Walters, Hance and William, in
Virginia (1585) viii. 318.

Walters, John, of Yarmouth, and

Prussian pirates, 11. 63.
Walton, Dunstan, and the Muscovy

Company's letters, 11. 296.
Wana, mouth of the Orinoco, x.

420.
Wanabacoa, Indian town near

Havana, ix. 368.
Wanari river, Laurence Keymis and

(1596) X. 454, 490.
Wanchese, Indian of Virginia,

brought to England (1584) viii.

310; enemy to the English, 337,

394-
Wannawanare, Indian chief, tor-
tured by Don Antonio de Berreo

(1595) X. 353.
Wanuretona, Cacique of Canuria,

and Sir Walter Raleigh (1595) x.

402.
Wapari river, in Guiana, x. 459,

494.
Wapeih, or Terra Sigillata, found

in Virginia (1586) viii. 354.
Wapo, Indian herb, anti-poisonous,

X. 495-
Wapototo, poisonous herb, x. 493.
Wappari river, in Guiana, x. 459.
Wapping, in the port of London, iii.

247.
War, Polish, detrimental to trade

(1588) III. 368; Third Punic, Car-
thaginian mothers during the, iv.
71, 173; John Newbery on the
Persian (1583) v. 452, 453; science
of, in China, vi. 359, 360; Eng-
lish, in Spain and Portugal (1589)
470-527; English in Spain, urged

(1589) 516-527; English public
opinion on (1589) 517; in Vir-
ginia (1586) viii. 375; of Indians
of Florida, 453, 454; French Civil,
cause of mutiny of Captain
Ribault's men in Florida (1562) ix.
I ; Indian ways of making (1564)
34; Indians' inclination for (1540)
292 ; between the Sapies and the
Samboses (1564) x. 20.

Waracayari river, tributary of the
Orinoco river, x. 420.

Warapana province, Putijma, gov-
ernor of, and Sir Walter Raleigh
(1595) X. 416.

Warawaroco, Indian captain, x. 495.

448

INDEX

Waraweete, tribe of the Tivitivas
Indians, x. 382, 423.

Warde, Luke, captain (fl. 1587),
south-western voyage of, l. xxviii. ;
of Captain Frobisher's fleet, trade
with natives (1578) vii. 338;
assistant to Edward Fen ton (1582)
XI. 163 ; captain of the Edward
Bonaventure (1582) 165, 172 ; and
the succession to Edward Fenton
in case of his death on the voyage
(1582) 166, voyage of Edward
Fenton (1582-1583), written by,
172-202 ; and the Spanish ships at
S. Vincent, 268.

Warden, the, of the Cinque Ports, i.

295-
Wardhouse, see Vardo.
Wardhuyse, see Vardo.
Wardrobe of the Emperor of Russia,

n. 437-
Warefield, William, gunner, his

prizes (1586) VI. 437.
Waren, see Waterin.
Wareo, captain of Indians, x. 491 ;

dispossessed by the Spanish (1596)

X. 455, 460.
Warford, Arthur, of the Hugh Gal-
lant, landing of (1587) xi. 311.
Warham, ships from, in Edward

III.'s fleet, I. 298.
Wariaaremagoto, in Tarracoa pro-
vince, X. 416.
Wariarimagoto, chief captain of the

Emperor of Guiana, enemy to the

Spanish (1596) x. 475.
Waricapana river. Sir Walter

Raleigh on the (1595) x. 420.
Wariseaco, nation on the Waipoco

river, x. 490.
Waritappi, great town on the Cuna-

mana river, x. 492.
Wariwagh, town on the Manura-

wini river, x. 494.
Warner, Thomas, settler in Virginia

(1587) viii. 402.
Warner, Walter, John Newbery's

friend (1583) v. 453.
Warner, William, ' Albion's Eng-
land ' by (1602) XII. 96; on the

English Voyages, 96, 97.
Warnerus ab Orsele, fourteenth

master of the Dutch knights, 11.

6.

Waroopana, town on the Pawrooma
river, x. 494.

Warowen, Tidman, his ship at Ips-
wich, II. 40.

Warrawalle, town. Sir Walter
Raleigh at (1597) xi. 10, 13.

Warren, John, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Warspight, the, of the Cadiz expedi-
tion (1596) IV. 247.

Warteslaus, knight of the order of
the Dutch knights, 11. 4.

Warthfel, battle of, in Isle of Man,

I. 41.

Warucanasso, island in the Orinoco

river, x. 494.
Warwick, Ambrose, Earl of, see

Dudley.
Warwick Sound and Island, see

Anne or Countess of Warwick.
Washaca, Miles Philips at (1590) ix.

434-
Washborne, Robert, and Edmund

Hogan at Azafi (1577) vi. 285;

member of the Barbary Company

(1585) 41.9, 420 f.
Wasnes, called in council by Robert

Withrington (1587) xi. 211.
Wasse, William, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.
Wat, Sir Walter Raleigh's pinnace

(1596) XI. I..
Watch-house in the Arica road, xi.

308.
Watchwords, of Captain Frobisher's

fleet (1578) VII. 323; of Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's expedition (1583)

VIII. 43.^
Waten, river, in Flanders, iv. 204.
Water, blessing of the, in Russia,

II. 422, 432, III. 218; scarcity of,
in Persia, 141; hot, iv. 35, 129;
petrifying, 37, 132; cold, 37, 132;
sweet, 38, 133 ; coloured, 38, 134 ;
smell of, 39, 134; deadly, 39, 135;
fresh, in Alexandria, vi. 35, 44;
preserved at sea, 457 ; hot spring,
used instead of fire in Greenland
(c. 1380) VII. 451 ; used in gardens,
454; deliciousness of the, in the
Western Planting, viii. 123; wor-
shipped by Indians, discovered by
Vasquez de Coronado (1540) ix.
160 ; poisonous in Amapaia, x.

449

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

370 ; sea of fresh, discovered by
Laurence Keymis (1596) 454.

Waterden, Thomas, of Lynn, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 69.

Waterford, bay and coast of, 11. 133.

Waterhouse, lieutenant in Sir Fran-
cis Drake's fleet, death of (1586)
X. 134.

Wateri, king and river in Florida,
IX. 112.

Waterin or Waren, river in Virginia,
IX. 114.

Waters, William, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Waterspouts, vi. 171.

Watkins, Thomas, distress of, at
Port Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Watling Street, in London, narrow-
ness of (1596) IV. 255.

Wats, owner of the Margaret and
John (1590) VII. 31; five Spanish
ships taken by the ship of, 49.

Wats, Alderman, ship of, at
Dominica, x. 477.

Wats, Captain, of the galley- frigate
built at Maio (1595) xi. 47.

Wats, John, alderman, and the ships
for Brazil (1594) xi. 43.

Wats or Wag, Robert, carpenter, of
the Sunshine of London (1585) vii.
382, 409.

Wats' fleet. Captain Lane, general
of (1592) X. 193.

Watson, George, ' Curing of Hot
Diseases,' etc., by, xii. 81.

Watson, William, mariner on the
Edward Bonaventure (1553) 11.
214.

Watson, William, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

Watts and the Elizabeth (1596) x.
241.

Watts, John, of the Levant Com-
pany (1592) VI. 88.

Watts, John, London merchant,
charges of, in the expedition to
Virginia (1590) viii. 404.

Watts, John, Spanish letters inter-
cepted by (1590) X. 158-178.

Waverley, death of, in the Moscow
fire (1571) III. 169.

Wax trade, 11. 389 ; Russian, 386,

389. 391. 396, 401. 403. I"- 365.
420, 421 ; found in Bengal, vi. 25 ;

found in the Western Planting
(1583) VIII. 116, 139.

Waxazingo, in Mexico, cochineal
found in (1568) ix. 363.

Way, John, preacher, of the Hugh
Gallant, landing of (1587) xi. 311.

Wayland, Thomas of, witness of
Edward L's great charter, i. 296.

Waymouth, see Weymouth.

Waynefleet, ships from, in Edward
IIL's fleet, I. 298.

Weamba, French ship at (1577) vi.
240 ; the Christopher at, 242 ; the
pinnace Unicorn at, 243.

Weapomeiok, the flagship of Sir
Richard Grenville at (1585) viii.
316; Okisco, king of (1585) 322;
Sound of, 325.

Weapons, in Russia, 11. 229, 258,
431; their splendour, 230; descrip-
tion of, 430; of newly discovered
nations to be described, iii. 268;
of horsemen, and foot-soldiers and
the Russian army, 382 ; of Tar-
tars, 391 ; of the Armada, iv. 201 ;
trade in, in Guinea (1577) vi. 252;
of the natives of Meta Incognita
(1577) VII. 226; of the natives met
by John Davys, 370, 398; of the
Indians of Virginia, viii. 307, 374;
of Indians of Florida (1587) 374,
452 ; of Indians, described by Vas-
quez de Coronado (1540) ix. 162;
native, in New Mexico (1583) 195;
of Indians of New Spain (1572)
388; of negroes, description of
(1564) X. 15 ; of Indians of
Cumana (1565) 28; of Indians of
Florida (1565) 52; of Koreans, xi.

433-
Weaving in China, vi. 355.
Web, John, boatswain's mate on the

Bona Esperanza (1553) ii. 212.
Webbe, Sir William, licensed to

trade in Russia free from custom

(1592) m. 440.
W^edges, iron, trade in, in Guinea

(1577) VI. 252.
Weeds, floating, with fish and birds

among them, ix. 254 ; sea, growth

of, near California, 263 ; near

Punta de Balenas, 278; sea of,

Sir Francis Drake through (1579)

XI. 162.

450

INDEX

Weekes, voyage of, in the Trinity

(1536) VIII. 3.

Weiborne, German in Andrew
Barker's ship (1576) x. 86.

Weichsel, see Vistula.

Weights, and measures, in Edward
I.'s charter, i. 335 f. ; measures,
and coins used in Russia, 11. 273,
294; in Algiers, list of, v. 271;
in Alexandria, 272 ; list of, by
William Barret, vi. 10-22 ; of
Bussorah, 11; of Ormuz, 14; of
Goa, 17; of Cochin and Malacca,
21.

Weirs made by the natives of Cape
Breton, viii. 158; of Chypanum,
327 ; use of the art of making,
334 ; built by the Indians of Vir-
ginia for Ralph Lane, 336 ; in
Florida (1562) 459; discovered by
Captain Uiloa (1539) ix. 211.

Weissenburg, Henry Austell outside
(1585) V. 321.

Welcome of Plymouth, the, at Maio
(1594) XI. 46.

Welford, Roger, mariner on the
Edivard Bonaventiire (1553) 11.
214.

Wells, Anthony, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's expedition up the Capuri
river "(1595) x. 380.

Wells, made in Brazil by Captain
Parker (1582) xi. 182.

Welser, Philippa, mother of the
Marquess of Burgrave, iv. 205.

Welsh, James, first voyage to Benin,
written by (1588) vi. 450-458;
second voyage to Benin, written
by (1590) 461-467.

Wendels, see Vandals.

Wenden, Vobsky to, iii. 69 ; Sir
Jerome Horsey at (1584) 345.

Wenedland, Wolstan and, i. 15.

Wentworth, Captain, made captain
of a ship captured by Sir Robert
Dudley (1595) x. 205.

Wersingham, John Marion of, dam-
ages paid to the heirs of, 11. 105.

Wesenham, John, of Lynn, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 69,

Weser, Alera, coloured tributary of
the, IV. 38, 134.

West, John, mutineer on the Edward
Bonaventure (1593) x. 200.

West England, or Frisland, see Fris-
land. West.

Westhethe, see West Hythe.

Westhoff, Heinrich, deputy for
Lubeck, 11. 79.

West Hythe, see Hythe.

Westminster, Prussian and English
ambassadors' meeting at, 11. 37;
Russian ambassador's reception by
Philip and Mary at, 356 ; Ingulf
at (1064) IV. 290; death of Henry
IV. at (1413) 457; plan of, en-
graving of, XII. 32 ; Abbey, Hak-
luyt buried in, xii. 74; Hakluyt,
prebendary of (1602) 82; arch-
deacon of (1603) S3; School, Hak-
luyt educated at, 78.

Westminster, Matthew of, * Book of
Chronicles ' by, iv. 348 ; Earl of
Cornwall's voyage to Syria by
(1240) 352.

Weston, Sir Richard, of the Cadiz
expedition (1596) iv. 243; knighted
at Cadiz, 259.

Weston, Sir William, knight of
Rhodes, captain of the postern of
England at Rhodes (1522) v. 33.

West-Stowe, in Zeeland, 11. 63.

Westwood, refiner in Woodstreet,
and Sir Walter Raleigh's White
Spar (1595) X. 344.

Wethemonkule, Hans van, and the
English ships, 11. 61.

Wetheringsett in Suffolk, Richard
Hakluyt, rector of (1590) xii. 82.

Weymouth, Dorset, ships from, in
Edward III.'s fleet, i. 297; and
the customs, 355 ; ship of, prize
of (1589) VII. 13 ; the Golden Hind
at (1583) VIII. 75; Sir Walter
Raleigh's departure from (1596)

XI. I.

Whales, hunters of, i. 11; use of
skins of, 13 ; Stephen Borough
and the (1556) 11. 336; at Zenam
Island, 415; abundance of, iii.
102; in Iceland, iv. 41, 137; and
the Salamander (1578) vii. 327;
bones used as timber, in Meta
Incognita (1577) 300; seen by
John Davys (1585) 383, 431; in
Merchants' Isle (1587) 417; Bis-
cayan ship and the, 422 ; near
Cape Breton, viii. 160; following

451

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

the Marigold, i6i ; near Assump-
tion Island, 162 ; seen by Jacques
Cartier (1535) 214; near Seven
Islands, 243 ; in Hochelaga river,
245 ; the 5. Aguada and the, at
Punta de Balenas (1540) ix. 278;
found by Captain Gualle near New
Spain (1584) 335; Sir Walter
Raleigh's pinnace and the (1597)
XI. 15 ; fishing, advice about, iii.
200, 203 ; in the Scythian Sea,
265; in Newfoundland (1578) viii.
10.

Whale-horse, see Walrus.

Wharton, Lord, Warden of the East
Marches, and the Russian ambas-
sador, II. 354.

Wheat brought into Rhodes from
Naples and Roumania (1522) v.
8; African, vi. 174; growth of,
in the burning zone, vii. 254 ; dif-
ferent sorts of, in Western Plant-
ing" (1583) VIII. 114; English,
growing in Virginia (1586) 363.

Wheele, Paul, captain of the White
Lion, John Chidley's ship (1589)
XI. 381; voyage of (1598-90) 381-

384.
Wheeler, Nicholas, Russian licence

granted to (1569) iii. 109.
Wheeler, Richard, of the Desire,

killed by Indians (1587) xi. 306.
Whelp, the, Benjamin Wood's ship,

bound for Magellan and China

(1596) XI. 2.
Whiddon, Captain, his prizes (1586)

VI. 437.

W^hiddon, Captain, death of, in
Trinidad (1595) x. 351; men
of, betrayed by Don Antonio de
Berreo (1594) 352; and Don An-
tonio de Berreo (1595) 377; sent
to Capuri river by Sir Walter
Raleigh, 378; of Sir Wal-
ter Raleigh's expedition up the
Capuri river (1595) 380; sent by
Sir Walter Raleigh to find silver
(1595) 403 ; stones like sapphires
found in Guiana by, 405.

Whiddon, Jacob, captain of the Pil-
grim (1591) VII. 44.

Whiddon, Jacob, servant of Sir
Walter Raleigh, sent to Guiana
(1595) X. 340.

Whipping in China, vi. 308.
Whirlwind, seen by John Davys

(1586) VII. 399.
Whitbanes, see Whitby.

Whitby, ships from, in Edward

Ill.'s fleet, I. 299.
W^hitcome, Roger, factor in the

Christopher Campion{c. 1511) v.62.
White, Cuthbert, settler in Virginia

(1587) VIII. 402.

White, Henry, captain of the Sea
Dragon (1585) x. 98; at the attack
on Cartagena (1586) 117.

White, John, mariner on the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1553) 11. 214.

White, John, viii. 402 ; engraving
of Virginian warrior from water-
colour drawing by, 304 ; of Sir
Richard Grenville's voyage to Vir-
ginia (1585) 316; engraving of
chart of Virginia from water-
colour drawing by, 320 ; engraving
of village of Secotan from draw-
ing by, 336 ; engraving of priest
of Virginia from water-colour
drawing by, 376 ; governor of Vir-
ginia (1587) 386; engraving of
chart of Virginia from water-
colour drawing by, 400; his letter
to Richard Hakluyt (1593) 404-
406 ; fifth voyage to Virginia by
(1590) 406-422; engraving of
native of Florida from water-
colour drawing by, 440 ; colonist
of Virginia under (1590) xii. 41 ;
Virginia Dare, grand-daughter of,
112.

White, John, on the Content, non-
combatant (1591) X. 183.

White, Melchior, master of the Uni-
corn, of Danzig (1577) vi. 231.

White, Sir Thomas, assistant to the
Muscovy Company, 11. 307.

White, Thomas, Spanish ships taken
by (1592) VII. 103.

White, William, quartermaster's
mate on the Bona Esperanza
(1553) II. 213.

White, William, of the Maria Mar-
tin (1584) V. 281.

White, William, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

White, William, on the Content,
non-combatant (1591) x. 183.

452

INDEX

White Cape, see Blanco, Cape.
White river, the, latitude of, xi.

349-
White Dove, the, flyboat, wreck of

(1591) VII. 84.

Whitehall, tilt at, on Queen's day,

VII. 21; reception of the King of
Brazil by Henry VIII. at, xi. 24,

White Isle, or Lisle Blanch, or
Blanca Island, the Bonaventure at
^1591) VIII. 152; Charles Leigh at
(1597) 171 ; description of, 181 ;
fruitfulness of, 182 ; John White
at (1590) 407.

White Lion, the, James Erizo, cap-
tain of (1585) x. 98.

White Lion, the, John Chidley's
ship (1589) XI. 381.

Whiteman, Andrew, alias Leu-
cander, travels of (1020) iv. 282.

White Sands, or Blanc Sablon, de-
scription of, viii. 186; isles of,
Jacques Cartier at (1534) viii. 208,
211; in the Grand Bay of New-
foundland, 275 ; latitude of, 276.

Whithall, James, brother of John
Whithall (1580) XI. 31.

Whithall, John, his letter to Richard
Staper (1578) xi. 26-30; letter from
the adventurers for Brazil to (1580)
31-33; son-in-law of Joffo Dore
(1583) 191 ; and Edward Fenton,
193 ; dwelling at S. Vincent (1586)

295-
Whiting, John, distress of, at Port

Desire (1592) xi. 399.
Whiting, Thomas, survivor of the

Toby (1593) VII. 129.
Whittingdon, Richard of, praise of,

II. 127 f.
Whitton, Francis, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.

Why not I? the, see Violet.

Wia river, x. 490 ; mentioned by

Laurence Keymis (1596) 454.
Wiaco, nation of the Wia river, x.

490.
Wiana, gold market at, xi. 13 ; coast

of, Sir Walter Raleigh at the

(1597) 3-
Wiapassa, medicinal herb found in

Guiana, x. 458.
Wiapo river, x. 492.
Wiapoco river, Laurence Keymis at

(1596) X. 454; distance from, to
Manoa, 464 ; the Discoverer in

(1596) 477; Sir Walter Raleigh at

(1597) XI. 5.
Wiapoucou, see Wiapoco.

Wiars, Thomas, passenger in Cap-
tain Frobisher's third voyage
(1578) VII. 243.

Wias, Caribs of. Sir Walter Raleigh
and (1597) XI. 6.

Wiawiami river, Guiana, x. 459,
492.

Wichida, iron mines at, open to
English merchants (569) iii.

113-

Wichida river, tributary of Volga,
III. 363 ; salt pit at, 368.

Wickney, William, of Portsmouth,
Christian slave (1579) v. 157.

Widows, burning of, see Suttee.

Wiggleworth, Nicholas, mariner on
the Bona Confldentia (1553) n.
214.

Wight, John, voyage of, to Con-
stantinople (1575) V. 168.

Wight, Robert, of Colchester, and
Prussian pirates, 11. 62.

Wight, Isle of, ships from, in Ed-
ward III.'s fleet, I. 297; fight
between the English fleet and the
Armada near (1588) iv. 218; Wil-
liam Harborne at (1583) v. 243;
John Evesham at (1586) vi. 35;
William Towerson's return to
(1577) 252 ; the Sunshine at (1586)

VII. 413; Charles Leigh at (1597)

VIII. 180.

Wignol, captain of the Francis,
taken prisoner by the Spanish
(1595) X. 229.

Wijmi, mouth of the Orinoco river,
X. 420.

Wikeri, see Wikiri.

Wikiri, Indians, x. 207, 375 ; and
Pedro Hernandez de Serpa, 364;
inhabitants of Sayma, 396 ; in-
habitants of the Areo river, 423,
424.

Wilde of Bristol, in Andrew Barker's
company, killed by the Spanish
at S. Francisco Island (1576) x.
86.

Wild Man, the, John Chidley's ship
(1589) XI. 381.

453

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Wildmen's Cape, discovered by
Jacques Cartier (1534) viii. 195.

Wildye, Richard, settler in Virginia
(1587) vni. 403.

Wilford, William and Nicholas, mer-
chant tailors in London, Levant
traders (c. 1533) v. 69.

Wilhelmus English, Jonas, sixteenth
bishop of Holen, in Iceland (1432)
IV. 56, 155-

Wilkes, called in council by Robert
Withrington (1587) xi. 211.

W^ilkes, William, of the Levant
Company (1592) vi. 76, 78.

Wilkins, Laurence, of the Elizabeth
Stokes (1584) V. 282.

Wilkinson, Edward, captain of the
Merchant Royal (1586) vi. 51, 52.

Wilkinson, Edward, of Tower Hill,
in London, letters from William
Mace to (1589) x. 157.

Wilkinson, Richard, Russian licence
granted to (1569) iii. 109.

Wilkinson, Robert, settler in Vir-
ginia (1587) VIII. 402.

Wilkinson, Thomas, purser, passport
for, v. 218.

Wilks, of Edward Fenton's voyage
(1583) XI. 190.

Willes, Richard (f. 1558-1573), Arthur
Edwards' account of the fourth
voyage to Persia (1568), related
by, III, 143-146; translator of Gale-
otto Perera's description of China,
VI. 295; of Japan, 327; on the
North-west passage, vii. 191-203.

Willes, William, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 402.

William, Friar, of Southampton,
witness of Edward L's great
charter, i. 296.

William; first archbishop of Tyre
(1128) IV. 307, 308.

William, Henry H.'s clerk, i. 318.

William, nineteenth bishop of Schal-
holt in Iceland (1394) iv. 56, 155.

William of Cawo, Indian, Sir Wal-
ter Raleigh and (1597) xi. 8.

William of Malmesbury (d. 1143), his-
torian, quoted, i. Iv., Ixiii., 314,
513; ' De Gestis regum Anglo-
rum,' by, IV. 279, 283, 284; ' De
Gestis pontificum Anglorum,' by,
280; voyage of Edgar, grandson

of Edmund Ironside by (1102) 295 ;
on .the English Guard at Con-
stantinople (1177) 311.

William of Newburgh (1147) iv.
309 ; * History of King Richard
I. 's Voyage to Jerusalem ' by, 338.

William the Conqueror, i. 294, iv.
290 ; subdues England, i. 25 ;
Harold slain by, 42 ; and the
Cinque Ports, 42, 43, 50; Robert
Curtoys, son of (1096) 293.

William Rufus, King of England,
increases privileges of the Cinque
Ports, I. 50; and the charter,
294.

William the Lion, King of Scotland
(1143-1214), succeeds his brother,
Malcolm IV., i. 32, 35, 40.

William the Pilgrim, poet and travel-
ler, IV. 345.

William, the, of London (1580) iii.
252 ; discipline on, 253 ; route of,
254 ; victualled for two years, 256 ;
at Vardo, 283 ; at Kegor, 284 ;
sighted by the George (1580) 290;
aground, 297; lost sight of, 298;
loss of, 303.

William and John, the, at New-
castle (1581) III. 247.

William and John, the, of the Eng-
lish merchants' fleet (1586) vi. 47;
bound for Tripoli, 48.

William and John, the, of Sir John
Hawkins's fleet (1567) ix. 398,
445 ; lost off the coast of Guinea
(1568) 400; at Rio Grande, 448.

Williams, David, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318.

Williams, John, mariner on the Ed-
ward Bonaventure (1553) 11. 214.

Williams, John, and Edmund
Hogan's letters (1577) vi. 285.

Williams, Maurice, death of, at
Panama (1596) x. 238.

Williams, Richard, condemned by
the Inquisition in Mexico to serve
in a monastery (1575) ix. 428;
sent to the Gray Friars (1575) 430 ;
marriage of, 431.

Williams, Sir Roger, his regiment
at the taking of Puente de Burgos
(1589) VI. 402 ; in the English fleet,
495 ; at Peniche, 496 ; his march
to Lisbon, 497, 500, 507.

454

INDEX

Williams, Thomas, in Algiers (1584)
V. 272.

Williams, Walter, member of the
Barbary Company (1585) vi. 419,
420 f.

Williams, William, carpenter on the
Tohy (1593) VII. 129.

Williamson, John, cooper, relation
of his voyage to Richard Hakluyt
(1534) V. 67, (1535) 68.

Willis, captain in one of the South-
ampton ships (1595) X. 215; at the
Testigos, 216.

Willis, James, ransomed by Captain
Parker (1596) x. 277.

Willoughby, Ambrose, and the
Armada (1588) iv. 217.

Willoughby, Gabriel, merchant on
the Bona Esperanza (1553) 11. 212.

Willoughby, Sir Hugh (d. 1554) i.
xl. ; portrait of, 11. iii. ; com-
mander of Cabot's fleet, 206,
209-224, 239, 246, 417; death of,
in Lapland (1553) 212, vii. 184;
accounts of his voyage of dis-
covery, II. 217-227 ; chosen general
of the voyage of discovery, 241 f. ;
non-arrival in Russia, 272 ; in-
quiry for, 285 ; and his dis-
coveries (1553) III. 121; and the
expedition for the discovery of
Cathay (1553) 331; his body sent
to England (1555) 333; his dis-
covery of S. Nicholas, in Russia
(1553) VII. 164; and the north-east
road to the Moluccas, 192 ; and
the English Expedition to the
North (1553) XII. 22.

Willoughby 's land, Arthur Pet and
(1580) III. 254, 257.

Willows found in Hochelaga (1535)
by Jacques Cartier, viii. 228 ; used
in making weirs in Virginia (1586)
372.

Wilmer, and the English ships, 11.
61.

Wilson and William Malim (1571) v.
122.

Wilson, Captain, at the taking of
Lisbon (1589) vi. 501.

Wilson, Henry, steward of the Tiger
(1557) VI. 230.

Wilson, Roger, master's mate in
Cabot's intended voyage, 11. 206;

mate on the Bona Esperanza
(1553) 212.

Wilstenius, schoolmaster of Olden-
burg, IV. 15, 104.

Wilton, church of, iv. 288.

Winchelsea, i. 44 ff. ; ships, 47 f. ;
ships from, in Edward IIL's fleet,
297.

Winchelsea, Robert de, archbishop
of Canterbury (d. 13 13), witness to
Edward L's great charter, i. 338.

Winchester, mayor of. King John
and, I. 320 ; chronicle in the Trin-
ity Church of, 11. iii.

Winchester, William, Marquess of^
Queen Mary's treasurer, 11. 304,

356-
W^inchester, Saer Quincy, Earl of,
voyage of, to the Holy Land (12 18)

IV. 349-
Winchester, Peter des Roches,

bishop of, his voyage to Jerusalem

(1231) IV. 351.
Winchester, bishop of, voyage of, ta

Jerusalem (1417), by Thomas Wal-

sing. IV. 454.
Winckle, or Wincoll, William, agent

for the Muscovy Company (1580)

III. 230; message from, 233, 237;
left at Astrakhan, 245.

Windam, Captain, and the first voy-
age to Guinea (1553) vi. 146, vii.
252 ; and the gold of Guinea, vi.
148 ; Pinteado and, 149 f. ; death
of, 151.

Windam, Thomas, captain of the
Lion, in the first voyage to Bar-
bary (1551) VI. 136; and James
Alday, 137; captain of the second
voyage to Barbary (1552) 138; in
the Canaries, 139.

Windland, see Prussia.

Windsor, Duke of Norfolk at (1398)

IV. 453 ; Captain Frobisher at
(1578) VII. 319.

Winds, note of the, by Thomas
Fuller (1588) XI. 374-376.

Wine, duty on, in Edward L's char-
ter, I. 334, 336, 338; brought to
Rhodes from Crete (1522) v. 8, 9;
imported to England. 63 ; product
of Cyprus, 125 ; made of palm
nuts, 379, 470; of Tenasserim,
413 ; of Crete, trade in, restricted

455

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

to Levant Company (1592) vi. 84,
86; in the Canary Islands, 128;
in Teneriffe, 131; in Palma, 132;
in Madeira, 135 ; de Palma, in
Cape das Palmas, 191 ; French, in
the captured Danzig ships (1577)
232 ; scarcity of, in China, 357 ;
in Goa, 385 ; in Benin, 457 ;
Nipar, found in Tenasserim, 401 ;
palm, in the Western Planting,
VIII. 114; grape, in the Western
Planting, 118, 139; found in Vir-
ginia (1586) 355; Palmito, Job
Hortop on (1568) ix. 447; Palmito
made by the Sapies, x. 19; of
Florida, like the Orleans wine, 56;
made of dates by Amazon Indians,
XI. 20 ; taken in the captured
Portuguese ship, entrusted to
Master Doughty (1578) 106; Chili,
taken at S. lago by Sir Francis
Drake (1578) 114; Spanish, cap-
tured by the Content (1587) 308.

Wingandacoa, native name of Vir-
ginia, VIII. 300.

Wingfield (or Winkfield), Colonel
Anthony, discourse written by, on
the expedition in Spain and Portu-
gal (1589) VI. 470-527; and the
ordnance at the Groyne (1589) 489,
492; at Lisbon (1589) 500, 507; at
the taking of Vigo (1589) 513.

Wingfield, Sir Edward, in the Eng-
lish fleet (1589) VI. 495; his regi-
ment marching to Lisbon, 497.

Wingfield, Sir John, slain at the
taking of Cadiz (1596) iv. 252;
funeral of, 258.

Wingfield, Sir Richard (Viscount
Powerscourt), in Spain (1589) vi.
484 ; at the Groyne, 488 ; in Lis-
bon, 507; at the taking of Vigo
(1589) 513.

Wingina, King of Virginia (1584)
viii. 300 ; wounded in a fight, 301 ;
ally of Pooneno and Menatonon,
306; wars of, with Piamacum,
308; Richard Grenville and (1585)
315; conspiracy of, 320; Pemis-
apan, new name of, 326; his ad-
visers, 338; at Dasamonguepeio,
339; hiV death, 341.

Winicapora river, x. 423 ; Sir Wal-
ter Raleigh on the (1595) 418;

Cacique of, follower of Carapana

(1595) 419; occupied by Spaniards

(1596) 469.

Winicines, nation of the Mawari
river, x. 492.

Winitwara river, Guiana, x. 459,

Winitwari, great river, x. 492.

Winkfield, see Wingfield.

Winricus a Knopperodt, nineteenth
master of the Dutch knights, 11. 6.

Winter, letter from Sir Francis
Drake to, concerning the ship of
S. John de Anton (1579) xi. 147.

Winter, Captain Edward, land-
captain in Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1585) X. 98; captain of the
Aid, 98 ; at the attack on Carta-
gena (1586) 119; captain of the
Exchange, in Sir Francis Drake's
fleet (1595) 232.

Winter, John, and the Peter (1584)
v. 281.

Winter, John, on Maio Island (1577)
XI. 104, 151; the Elizabeth, ship
of (1578) 137; voyage of, with Sir
Francis Drake (1577- 1579), written
by Edward Cliffe, 148-162 ; and
the natives (1578) 156; in the
Straits of Magellan, 260.

Winter, Nicholas, in Sir Francis
Drake's fleet, death of (1586) x.

134-
Winter, Sir William, and the negro

trade (1562) x. 7.
Winter, William, Gaspar Campion's

letter to (1569) v. iii, 115-117.
Winter, William, and the voyage to

Guinea (1561) vi. 253.
Winter, William, captain and part

owner of the Delight (1583) viii.

46 ; captain of the Swallow on the

return home, 62, 92.
Winter in Russia, iii. 128; under

the equinoctial, vii. 258; length

of, in Greenland, 452.
Winterhie, Robert, in Sir Francis

Drake's company (1578) xi. 109.
Winters Furnace, mine in (1578) vii.

239 ; sermon and service by Master

Wolf all on, 362.
Winterton, Arthur Pet at (1580) in.

282.
Wioma river, x. 492.
Wireland, King Arthur and, i. 6.

456

INDEX

Wisbeach, Catholic recusants at
(1588) IV. 208.

Wisbich, see Wisbeach.

Wisedom, John, of Hull, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 61.

Wisle, Godekin, and the English
ships, II. 62.

Wismar, Octher's probable discov-
ery of, I. 14; compensation de-
manded by England from, 11. 36,
60-71; soldiers of, 68; William
Harborne at (1588) vi. 58.

Wismer, see Wismar.

W^isnovolloko, from Moscow to, in.
68.

Wisse, Thomas, in Virginia (1585)
viii. 318.

Wissenburg Castle, garrisoned by
the Dutch knights, 11. 2.

Witchcraft, in Tartary, 11. 466, iii.
395; in Ditter Island (1586) vi.
42 ; used by the natives of Meta
Incognita, vii. 373 ; used by the
natives met by John Davys (1586)
397; used by Indians for hiding
the Seven Cities, ix. 382 ; Indians'
belief in their own, x. 474.

Witergen, Vologda to, iii. 69.

Withrington, Robert, south-western
voyage of, i. xxviii. ; captain of
the Red Dragon, flagship (1586)
XI. 202 ; and Abraham Cocke
(1587) 208; and Miles Philips
(1587) 210; in council, 211; fight
of, and the Portuguese at Bahia
(1587) 216, 219; his decision to
return home (1587) 225.

Withrington, William and Beumond,
councillors on the voyage (1587)
XI. 211.

Witland, the Lithuanians and, i. 15.

Witrazh, Bernard, of Galatia, at
Joppa (1102) IV. 299.

Wittenberg, Duchy of, hot baths of,

IV. 35, 129; town, university at,

V. 327.
Wiveton, ships from (1395-1397), 11.

65 ff.
Wixel, river, see Vistula.
Woad, imported to England, v. 235 ;

in Fayal Island, vi. 280; sown in

Azores Islands, viii. 442 ; found in

in New Spain, ix. 390.
Wocokan, see Wokan.

XII

Wocowaios, nation of the Chipan-
ama, x. 494.

Wokan Island, viii. 299 ; wrecked
people in, 307; Richard Gren-
ville at (1585) 315, 316; Aubry and
Boniten at, 316; taken possession
of in Queen Elizabeth's name by
Amadas and Barlow, xii. 39.

Wolcome, William, of the Sunshine
(1586) vii. 409.

Wolf, the, ship of Sir Anthony Sher-
ley (1596) X. 266; arrival of, at S.
Martha, return to England (1597)
273.

Wolfall, chaplain, in Captain Fro-
bisher's fleet (1578) vii. 345, xii.
33 ; sermon and service by, on
Winters Furnace, vii. 362.

Wolfe, see Bramboise.

Wolmerstal, possession of the Mar-
quess of Brandenburg, v. 327.

Wolmerstene, Nicolas, of Elbing,
damages paid to, 11. 103, 104.

Wolsene, see Mana.

Wolstan, navigations of, i. li. ; his
vo3^age to Hetha, 15 ; description
of the Vistula, 15.

Wolstan. abbot of XVorcester (10^8)
IV. 288. ^ ^

Wolves found in Virginia (1586)
VIII. 369; in Florida, 451.

Women, Russian, 11. 446; painted
faces of, III. 416; dress of, 418;
in Venice (1581) v. 206; dress of,
in Ormuz (1583) 468; in Cambay,
469; in Benares, 479; Arabian,
VI. 4; Bab5donian, 5; of Canada,
hard labour of the (1535) viii. 242 ;
natives of Florida, 456 ; of Guiana,
X. 424.

Wood, pilot of Roger Bodenham
(1551) V. 71.

Wood, Agnes, settler in Virginia
(rs87) VIII. 403.

Wood, Benjamin, his prizes (1586)
VI. 437-

Wood, Benjamin, of Captain Ama-
das's company (1584) viii. 310.

Wood, Benjamin, captain of four
ships, and William King (1592) x.

193-
Wood, Benjamin, captain of the In-
tent, in Sir Robert Dudley's voy-
age (1595) X. 205; bound for

457 2G

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Magellan and China (1596) xi. i ;

master of the Wild Man (1589)

381 ; and the ships of Richard

Allot (1596) 417.
Wood, James, chief surgeon of Sir

Francis Drake's fleet, death of, x.

240.
Wood, John, of Captain Amadas's

company (1584) vin. 310.
Wood, Master, of the Richard of

Arundel, death of (1591) vi.

466.
Wood, Richard, mariner on the

Bona Confidentia (1553) 11. 214.
Wood, Pernambuco, granted to John

Noyer by Captain Lancaster (1595)

XI. 153.
Woodbridge, in Suffolk, John Foxe

of, V. 157.
Woodcocke, Jatnes, shipmaster, ni.

3^3' 305 ; and the expedition on

the Pechora (1588) 119.
Woodfoord, Alexander, merchant on

the Bona Esperanza (1553) 11.

212

Woodhouse, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 298.

Woodhouse, Sir Philip, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 260.

Woodhouse, Thomas, and the
Armada (1588) iv. 217.

Woods, granted to Englishmen in
Russia (1569) III. 113; set on fire
in Brazil by Captain Parker (1582)
XI. 182.

Woodson, Alexander, and the wal-
rus tusks, VIII. 156.

Woodstock, Thomas of, see Glou-
cester, Duke of.

Woodward, John, of the Elizabeth
(1584) V. 281.

Wood worth, John, licensed to trade
in Russia free of customs (1592)
III. 440.

Wool, use of, in Tartary, i. 243 ;
duty on, Edward I.'s charter, 337,
338; English, heavy duty on, 11,
73 ; Flemish cloths made of,
116 f . ; to be sold preferably in
dyed cloths, v. 238 ; found in New
Spain (1572) IX. 390.

Woolly, secretary of Queen Eliza-
beth, and Martin Frobisher (1576)
VII. 204.

Woolman, Robert, granted Russian
licence (1569) iii. 109.

Woolwich, Willoughby's fleet at, 11.
217, 245.

Woorley, Thomas, in Sir John
Hawkins's voyage to Florida
(1565) X. 63.

Wootton, Sir James, knighted at
Cadiz (1596) IV. 259.

Worcester, Alured, bishop of, voyage
of (1058) IV. 287; Wolstan, abbot
of, 288; Baldwin, bishop of (1190)
340 ; bishop of, his journey to the
Holy Land (1247) 353.

Wordsworth, xii. 118.

World, three ways of compassing
the, II. 163 ; Thome's description
of the, 166 f. ; divided by Portugal
and Spain, 173 f. ; division of the,
between Spain and Portugal, xi.

254.

'World, Discoveries of the,' by
Antonio Galvano, published by
Hakluyt (1601) xn. 83.

* World Encompassed, the,' by John
Cooke, XII. 59.

'World, History of the,' by Sir
Walter Raleigh, xii. 71, 108.

' World's Hydrographical Descrip-
tion,' by John Davys, quotation
from (1587) VII. 440-445, xii. 29.

Worme, John, merchant, lands at
Cape Verde (1567) vi. 271.

Worm-seed, found in Persia, vi. 27.

Worms, silk, found in the Western
Planting (1583) viii. 115; found
in Virginia, 353 ; in Florida (1562)
460; dangerous, in S. Domingo,
IX. 342 ; venomous, found at
Placentia by Robert Barret (1568)
449 ; leaks in the Minion made by
(1581) XI. 37; fiery, in an island
near Celebes Islands, 128 ; danger-
ous, found on the Desire (1593)

415.

Worsenham, Thomas, unlicensed
English merchant in Russia (1591)
III. 426.

Wotton, Lewes, settler in Virginia
(1587) VIII. 403.

Wrag, Richard, dedication to Row-
land Hewish (1597) vi. 93; de-
scription of a voyage to Constan-
tinople by (1593-95) 94-113; de-

458

INDEX

scription of a marble tomb, 94;
report of the Turkish army by,
103-110.

Wrangle, ships from, in Edward
III.'s fleet, I. 399.

Wren, Walter, George Fenner's voy-
age to Guinea and Cape Verde
Islands by (1566) vi. 266-284; in
Santa Cruz, 267.

Wrenne, George, agent of the Mus-
covy Company (1562) iii. 33, 38;
second voyage to Persia by (1563)
40.

Wright, voyage of, in the Trinity

(1536) VIII. 3.

Wright, Edward, map of the world
by, engraving of, i. 356 ; voyage of
George, Earl of Cumberland, writ-
ten by (1589) VII. I ; map of the
Earl of Cumberland's voyage to
the Azores by, engraving of, vii.
466.
Wright, John, in Virginia (1585)
VIII. 318; settler in Virginia (1587)
402..

Wright, William, sailor on the
Golden Dragon, and the traffic
with Indians (1591) x. 189.

Writing, Tartar and Chinese, i.
288; Persian, iii. 149; in China
and Japan, v. 499.

Wroth, Sir Thomas, and the second
voyage to Barbary (1552) vi. 138.

Wsewolod II., son of Vladimir
Monomachos, 11. 185.

Wyet, Silvester, voyage to Ramea
(1594) VIII. 162.

Wyeth, William, distress of, at Port
Desire (1592) xi. 399.

Wyght, Andrew, of the Hugh Gal-
lant, landing of (1587) xi. 311.^

Wyles, John and Brian, settlers in
Virginia (1587) viii. 403.

Wyman, Henry, of York, and Prus-
sian pirates, 11. 62.

Wyntson, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
320.

Wvthers, William, child settler in
Virginia (1587) viii. 403.

Wytot, King, helps Henry, Earl of
Derby, in Prussia, i. 305.

Xaca, last book of, used in religious
services in Japan, vi. 337.

Xacaians, religious sect in Japan,

VI. 336.
Xaguas, Alonzo de Herera, slain by

the, X. 497.
Xaguges of the Port of S. Cruz, ix.

231.
Xalapa, see Jalapa.
Xalisco, see Jalisco.
Xa-Maluco, see Zamaluc.
Xamuzcado, Francisco Sanchez, map

of Antigua by (1581) ix. 187.
Xanctoigne, John Alphonse of, chief

pilot to Roberval (1542) viii. 275-

283.
Xanigeton, in Darha, vii. 89,
Xansi, see Shan-se.
Xantes, Pedro Vermandes, ships

taken from, by General Drake

(1589) VI. 502.
Xantum, see Shan-tung.
Xaquam, or Xequiam, sect of, in

China, vi. 373. .

Xaraes, Los, mentioned in Ruttier,

XI. lOI.

Xarate, Don Francisco, taken by
Nuno da Silva and Sir Francis
Drake (1579) xi. 146.

Xaroca harbour, marks of, described
in Ruttier, x. 303.

Xaucheo, Jesuit fathers at, vi. 376.

Xauquin, Christian house and
church at (1583) vi. 375; Jesuit
fathers expelled from, 376.

Xavier, S. Francis, death of (1552),
at Santianum Island, vi. 348, 374.

Xavierus, and the Barbarian mer-
chant, VII. 195.

Xenogoras, on names of Cyprus, v.
124.

Xeres, see Jeres.

Xibar, Don Pedro de, letter to, from
Don Diego Mendez de Valdes
(1590) X. 161.

Xicaian town, owned by the King
of Spain and the heirs of Pronetto,
IX. 470.

Xicayan de Touer, town and moun-
tains, IX. 467.

Xiensi, see Shen-si.

Xilicei Ethiopes, people of Libya, vi.
168.

Ximenes, brother of Don Ximenes
de Quesida, his attempt to dis-
cover Guiana, x. 497.

459

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Xlmenes, Don Antonio, son of Don
Antonio de Berreo, x. 372, 377,
462, 467; small forces of, 470.

Ximo, kingdom of, xi. 423 ; Lords
of, 425 ; Nangoia, port of, 426.

Xutiamfu, fourth shire of China, vi.
295.

Yacovius, Oliver and, iii, 454.

Yaguana, town and river, in S.
John's Island, viii. 409; Spanish
refugees in (1590) 410.

Yaguana, in Hispaniola, Christo-
pher Newport at (1591) x. 186;
burnt by Christopher Newport,
187.

Yaic, see Ural.

Yaik, see Ural,

Yaks Olgush, in Siberia, in. 456.

Yalme, ships from, in Edward III.'s
fleet, I. 297.

Yanguitle, a ' mansion of Omete-
pec,' IX. 467.

Yannes, or posts, in Russia, 11. 420.

Yarmouth, contention between the
Cinque Ports and, i. 44 ; and
the charter, 294; ships from, in
Edward III.'s fleet, 299; and the
customs, 355; ships from (1394-
1405) II. 63 f. ; VVilloughby's fleet
at, 218; Anthony Jenkinson's
fleet off, 414; Arthur Pet at (1580)

III. 282 ; Spanish refugees at (1588)

IV. 232 ; William Harborne leaves
(1583) v. 243; Captain Martin
Frobisher anchors at (1576) vii.
211, (1577) 230; the Michael re-
turns to (1577) 315.

Yaroslavl, iii. 41, 358, 370, 373, 412,
443 ; markets of, 11. 297, 420, 426 ;
products of, 225, 262; Arthur Ed-
wards at (1565) in. 44; from S.
Nicholas Bay to, 68; from Vologda
to, 70; English trade in (1567) 95;
Thomas Randolph at (1568) 104;
English trade free of customs at
112 ; departure of Arthur Edwards
from (1569) 136; Persian goods in,
147 ; departure of Thomas Banister
from (1568) 150; English mer-
chants at (1573) 156; English mer-
chants at (1579) 215, 246; latitude
of, 248; Sir Jerome Bowes met by
a Russian escort at (1583) 317;

English house allowed the Mus-
covy Company at (1586) 351; Sir
Jerome Bowes and the Emperor
of Russia's envoy at (1583) 465;
Henry Austell at, v. 325.
Yaroslavl, province of Russia, iii.

358.
Yas, see Yassy.
Yassy, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

325-
Yavate or Zavat, in Persia, iii. 25,

32.

Yayman or Nayman, i. 267.

Ycacos Point, in Cartagena harbour,
x. 139 ; importance of, for the de-
fence of Cartagena harbour, 141 ;
lime stone at, 142 ; mentioned in
the Ruttier, 289.

Ycarie, see Caviare.

Year, change of, in Italy and Eng-
land, V. 129 ; beginning of the, in
China, vi. 306.

Yeegris, latitude of, iii. 247.

Yeka Mongol, see Mongols.

Yelvas, Count de, volunteer on the
Armada (1588) iv. 203.

Yem, river, 11. 458, 477.

Yemps, Anthony Jenkinson at, 11.
418.

Yeraslave, see Yaroslavl.

Yernmouth, see Yarmouth.

Yesse, large city in Persia, iii. 35.

Yevskoy, Istomay, diake of the Em-
peror of Russia, and English mer-
chants (1583) III. 329.

Yew trade in Russia, 11. 387 ; for
bowstaves in Persia, iii. 51.

Ygai, see Grande, Rio.

Yguey, Sierras de, in Hispaniola, x.
283.

Yguirie, kingdom of, in Guiana, and
Sir Robert Dudley (1595) x.
207.

Ylgenburg, see Ilgenburg.

Yohoron town, xi. 13.

Yong, Richard, Russian licence
granted to (1569) iii. 109.

Yong, Robert, in Virginia (1585)

VIII. 318.

Yonville, Captain, his advice about
the Spanish ships in Florida (1565)

IX. 90.

Yoong, James, of the Britona (1584)
V. 281.

460

INDEX

Yorive, Voivoda of Plesco and the
freebooters of (1570) iii. 168.

York, ships from, in Edward III.'s
fleet, I. 298; ships from (1349) 11.
61 ; merchants, 113 ; and the Mus-
covy Company (1567) iii. 91 ; death
of Constantius Chlorus at, iv. 272.

York, Sir John (d. 1569), master of
the mint, assistant to the Muscovy
Company, 11. 307 ; and the second
voyage to Barbary (1552) vi. 138;
to Guinea (1554) 154; his nephew,
hostage at Samva (1555) 160; and
the French pilot's note of the sea
currents, xi. 72.

Yorke, Captain, at the Groyne
(1589) VI. 488; march of, to Lis-
bon, 498, 501.

Yorke, Captain, of the Hope, death
of, at Riohacha (1595) x. 234.

Yorke, Gilbert, captain of the
Michael (1577) vii. 212, 285, 297;
Captain Frobisher and, 218, 219;
captain of the Thomas Allen
(1578) 231, 322 ; at Yorke's Sound,
303; leaves the fleet (1578) 335;
news of, brought to the fleet by
the Francis of Foy, 341 ; in Cap-
tain Frobisher's council, 348; and
the miners, 360.

York's Sound, discovered by Captain
Frobisher's men (1577) vii. 220,

303-
Youghan, opinion of, on the copper

of Chaunis Temoatan (1585) viii.
.332.
Youghoria, see Ugoria.
Young, Captain, his death at the

Groyne (1589) vi. 499.
Young, John, of Coliton, privileged

trader in Senegal (1588) vi. 443-

450.
Young, the bark, Robert Tomson's

ship (1553) IX. 338-
Yourt, fire in (1580) iii. 218.
Youth, fountain of, xii. 12.
Yowgorians, see Ugorians.
Yper-lee Channel, Duke of Parma

and (1588) IV. 204.
Yperpera, Georgian money tribute

to Tartars, i. 154.
Ypres, cloth of, 11. 116.
Yrchasi, Tartars and, i. 86.
Yria Niagorod, see Vriagorod.

Yucas, a present to Captain Alar-

chon (1540) IX. 301.
Yucatan (Santa Maria de Los

Remedios), papal bull for (1592)

VII. 105.
Yucatan Cape, see Catoche.
Yug river, source of, in Cheremis-

sia, II. 418; and the Sukhona, iii.

405-
Yunnan, province of China, vi. 350.
Yvarus, son of Godred, King of

Man, I. 33.
Yvarus, a soldier, murders Reginald,

King of Man, i. 39.
Yvo, abbot of Furness, and Olaf,

King of Man, i. 30.
Yvo of Narbonne's epistle, I. 50.

Zabraes, see Zabras.

Zabras, Spanish ships of the Armada
(1588) IV. 199, 200; return of the,
230 ; ordnance wanted for, by
John de Orimo (1590) x. 158.

Zacheo Island, Sir Robert Dudley
at (1594) X. 203, (1595) 210.

Zafi"etto, Lapis Zudassi from, vi. 27.

Zaffo, gum arable from, vi. 27.

Zafia, see Azafi.

Zagatay, Anthony Jenkinson in, in.
196.

Zaguato, Antonio de Espejo's recep-
tion in (1582) IX. 200; fort in, 201.

Zagueio, land of, in the Jardines
Island, X. 286.

Zahara, Las Sierras de, in Cabos del
Plata, X. 281.

Zaiton, see Caitan.

Zalterius, Belognine, his map of
New France, vii. 196; on Magel-
lan's Strait, 203.

Zamachi, see Shemakha.

Zamalluco, see Zamaluc.

Zaftialuc, Moorish king of Chaul
(1563) V. 378, 470; his ordnance,
380; at sack of Bezeneger (1567)
382.

Zamargo, or Queros, captain of a
Spanish ship wrecked in the Strait
of Magellan, xi. 259.

Zamora and the defence of Spain
(1585) X. 96.

Zamorano, Nicolas, chief pilot of
Captain Alarchon (1540) ix. 280 .
312.

461

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Zamorano, Roderigo, on seaman-
ship, I. XXXV. ; King of Spain's
reader (1585) xi. 449, 453.

Zanctius, see Sancho.

Zante, Roger Bodenham at (155 1) v.
76; John Locke at, 81, 102; his
description of, 83 ; Laurence AI-
dersey near (1581) 206, 214; Coren
found in, 242 ; Greek possession,
249; Laurence Aldersey at (1586)
VI. 40; products of, 41; rendez-
vous of English merchants' fleet
(1586) 47; Levant Company's
trade in (1592) 75; its privileges
for the trade in, 77; Richard
Wrag at (1593) 94; the Toby
bound for (1593) vii. 124; Greek
from, in the S. Vincent fight (1583)

XI. 195.

Zanzibar Island, Edward Bonaven-
ture at (1591) vi. 392, x. 195; trees
in, VI. 393.

Zapolle, .Sloboda to, iii. 70.

Zara, Henry Austell at (1585) v.
322.

Zauzes, sugar of Palma Island, vi.
132.

Zavena, tame partridges led to, iv.
408.

Zea Island, William Harborne at
(1583) v. 250.

Zecchiah, on the Tigris, vi. 6.

Zechini, see Sequin.

Zedoari, found in India, vi. 25.

Zeeland, products of, 11. 129 f. ; Eng-
lish merchants in, 148 f. ; Don
Diego Pimentelli, taken prisoner
to, IV. 227, 231; preparations in,
for the Armada (1588) 208; ships
of, at Dunkirk, 220, 221; com-
memorative coins of, 232 ; ships
of, King of Spain's commission
concerning the (1585) vi. 417.

Zegham and the hazel-nut trade, iii.
158.

Zeilam, see Ceylon.

Zeilan, see Ceylon.

Zelabdim Echebar, see Akbar.

Zelevetskyes Island, see Solovet-
skiye.

Zelon Islands, Sir Francis Drake at
(1579) XI. 124.

Zeno, Antonio, letter from Nicole to
(c. 1380) VII. 450; forbidden to

leave Frisland, 454; letters to
Carlo, brother of, 455, 463 ; cap-
tain of Zichmni's fleet, 458; dis-
coveries by, 460 f. ; Ortelius on,
464.

Zeno, Carlo, brother to Nicolo and
Antonio, letters from Antonio (c.
1380) VII. 455, 463.

Zeno, Marino, first Venetian Podesta
appointed in Constantinople (1205)
VII. 445 f. ; his descendants, 446.

Zeno, Nicolo and Antonio, discover-
ies of, VII. 288 ; account by Fran-
cisco Marcolino (1380) 445.

Zeno, Nicolo, voyage of (1380) vii.
446; meeting with Zichmni, 447;
conquests of, 448; knighted by
Zichmni, 449 ; death of, 454 ; his
descendants in Venice (c. 1380)
454; Carlo, brother of, 455.

Zeno, Pietro, son of Marino Zeno,
VII. 446.

Zenopski, English houses in (1569)
in. 113.

Zephalonia, see Cephallonia.

Zepiswich, see Ipswich.

Zerbi, island of Tunis, vi. 143.

Zerbst, Henry Austell at (1585) v.

327-

Zere Island, in the Caspian Sea, iii.
230.

Zerraluo, Marquess of, and the de-
fence of Spain (1585) x. 96.

Zerzerline mountains, near the king-
dom of Orissa, v. 408.

Zetland and Flanders, vii. 161.

Zewarra Islands, Sir Francis Drake
at (1579) XI. 124.

Zhemaker, S. Nicholas to, iii. 69.

Zichmni, Duke of Sorani, Prince of
Porland, and Nicolo Zeno in Fris-
land (1380) VII. 448; conquests of,
448; knights Nicolo Zeno, 449;
forbids Antonio Zeno to leave him,
454; driven forth from Icaria,
460; discovery of Trin by, 461;
town built in Trin by, 462 ; life
of, by Antonio Zeno, 463 ; dis-
coveries of, 464.

Zieglerus, Jacobus, on Iceland, iv.
10, 15, 99, loi, 104, 105; on Mount
Hecla, 19, 109; on the Asinus
Indicus, in his * History of Scon-
dia,' vii. 183.

462

INDEX

Zikia, I. 231.
2indi, see Scinde.
Zipango Island, see Japan.
Zizarii, ancient nation of Bussorah,

V. 371.
Zoca, Tertia and Quarta, third and

fourth fruit of the sugar cane, vi.

128.
Zocotora, see Sokotra.
Zocotoro, see Sokotra.
Zodiac, etymology of, by Johannes

de Sacro Bdsco, vii. 265.
Zodome, see Sodom.
Zolatitsa, Stephen Borough at

(1557) n. 365.
Zolner, Conrad, ambassadors of,

and Richard II. 11. 12.
Zolner of Rotenstein, Conrad,

twentieth master of the Dutch

knights, II. 7, 18, 19.
Zonaras's account of the conversion

of Russia (988) II. 184.
Zone, torrid, vii. 252-268; Captain

Windam's voyage in (1553) 252;

width of, 253; fertility of, 253;
Johannes de Sacro Bosco on, 265 ;
Arctic, 268-277 ; greatest store of
fish in, 276.
Zotebotter, or Sotebotter, John, 11.

55. 59-
Zotschen on Dneister, Henry Austell

at (1585) V. 385.
Zouch, John, and Sir John of Des-
mond (1591) VII. 51.
Zuegara, province in Japan, xi. 441 ;

grapes in, 442.
Zuider Zee, Henry Austell on the

(1585) V. 320.
Zuni, see Cevola.
Zun-Zun Pond, v. 352, 354, 355.
Zuny, see Cevola.
Zupanna Island, John Locke at

(1553) V. 79.
Zur, Mar del, see Pacific Ocean.
Zutberwik, castle of, 11. 106.
Zutphen, death of Sir Philip Sidney

at (1586) XII. 41.
Zuydersee, see Zuider Zee.

[Index to Ships

463

Index to Ships

Adventure, Drake's, x, 234, 240, 245,

253, 262, 277, 280.

Aid, Sir Henry Norris's, vi. 512;
Frobisher's second (1577) vii. 211,

254, 290, 294, 322, 344, 361 ; in
Drake's expedition (1585) x. 98.

Amity, Senegal traders' ship, vii.

100, 103; in Hawkins's expedition

(1590) VIII. 421; in Drake's fleet

(1595) X. 234.
Angel, of Hawkins's fleet (1567) ix.

398, 445. 447. 449. 453 ; Sir Amyas

de Preston's ship (1595) x. 213.
Anne Francis, of London, vii. 128;

in Frobisher's third voyage, 236,

238, 240, 322, 325, 340, 344, 349,

350, 356, 362, 364.
Anthony, the, at Fayal (1590) viii.

422.
Archangel, Sir Anthony Sherley's,x.

266.
Ark-Royal. Lord Admiral's ship

(1588) IV. 215 (1596) 248, 262.
Armenal, in Frobisher's expedition

(1578) VII. 324.
Ascension, of London, v. 310, vi.

426; Levant merchant ship, vi.

94. 95 > 103 ; of London, merchant

ship, VII. 31, 32; of Seville, 47;

Sir Amyas de Preston's ship (1595)

X. 213.
Aucher, Sir Anthony Aucher's, v.

71, 73> 75» 168, VI. 136.

Bagazzana, of Venice, v. 447,
Bear, Lord Sheffield's, iv. 218; Fro-
bisher's, VII. 237, 239, 322, 324;
Andrew Barker's, x. 82 : Sir

Robert Dudley's flagship, 204,
205; Benjamin Wood's, xi. 2,
417; Edward Fenton's, 163.

Bear's Whelp, Sir Robert Dudley's
x. 204; Benjamin Wood's, xi.
417.

Belanzara, of Venice, iv. 230,

Benedict, Sir Francis Drake's, xi.
103; John Winter's, 148, 151.

Bevis, Sir Anthony Sherley's flag-
ship, X. 266, 276.

Biscaine, Spanish trader, vii. 103.

Black Pinnace, Cavendish's ship, xi.

^389. 394. 397. 405-

Bona Confidentia, Sir Hugh Wil-
loughby's, II, 214, 220, 221, 246,
351. 363. 372, 379-

Bona Esperanza, Sir Hugh Wil-
loughby's, II. 212, 351, 358, III.

^331-

Bonaventure, Queen Elizabeth's
ship, VI. 438, VII. 41, X. 227, 243,
244.

Bond, the bark, in Drake's expedi-
tion (1585) X. 98.

Bonna, El, Venetian ship, v. 100.

Bonner, Sir Francis Drake's (1586)
VIII. 344, (1585) X. 98.

Busse of Bridgwater, or Emmanuel,
VII. 236, 237, 239, 241, 243, 244,

^322, 365. 367.

Buen Jesus, or Bon Jesus, Spanish
carrack, vii. 112, 115.

Burr, Guinea merchants' ship, vi.
460.

Buss of Zeeland, 11. 66, 67.

Buttolfe, Barbary Company's ship,
VI. 138.

464

INDEX TO SHIPS

Cacafuego, Portuguese ship, vi. 140.

Cantar, of Weymouth, x. 193.

Captain, of Alexandria, Turkish gal-
ley, V. 160, 161, 163.

Carion, Spanish West Indian ship,
IX. 343.

Castle of Comfort, in George Fen-
ner's voyage (1566) vi. 266, 269.

Cavalla, of Venice, v. 77.

Centurion, Master Cordal's, vii. 31,
35, 36, 37, 57.

Chancewell, of London, viii. 166,
172, 174.

Charles, French ship, viii. 150.

Cherubin, Robert Flicke's, vii. 57,
58; of Lyme, 95.

Christopher, of Cadiz, vi. 124; of
William Towerson's third voyage
to Guinea (1577) vi. 231, 237, 240,
242, 245, 251; of Dartmouth,
Andrew Barker's ship, x. 82; in
Drake's circumnavigation (1578-
1580) XI. 107.

Christopher Campion, Levant Com-
pany's ship, V. 62.

Cinque Llaguas, Spanish ship, vii.
118, 119, 121, 122.

Cog, of Norway, i. 322.

Cogge, of Hull, II. 61.

Command, at Porto d'Ally, vii. 94.

Conception, Spanish West Indian
ship, VII. 59.

Concord, trader to Morocco, vii.
100; Guinea Merchants' ship,
VII. 100; of Drake's fleet (1596)
X. 242.

Content, Sir George Carey's, x. 179-
183 ; James Lancaster's, xi. 43 ;
Thomas Cavendish's, 290, 291,
308, 310, 318, 324, 326, 327.

Costely, Robert Flicke's skiff, vii.

97-
Crane, Queen Elizabeth's ship, vii.

41.
Crescent, of London, vii. 31.

Dainty, Sir John Hawkins's, vii.

112, 113, VIII. 421.
Darling, of London, x. 452 ; Sir

Amyas de Preston's ship, x. 213,

215, 225.
Defiance, Queen Elizabeth's ship,

VII. 41 ; Drake's flagship (1595) x.

232, 240, 243, 245, 262.

Delight, or the George, Sir Hum-
phrey Gilbert's flagship (1583)
VIII. 46, 52, 62, 64, 66, 92; of
Bristol, John Chidley's ship, x.
170, XI. 381-384.

Dennis, in Frobisher's third expedi-
tion (1578) VII. 322, 324, 329.

Desire, Thomas Cavendish's ship,
XI. 290, 324, 337, 348, 389, 397-
399, 415 416 ^ , ^. ^

Dionyse, of Frobisher's third voyage
(1578) VII. 234, 241.

Discoverer, Lawrence Keymis's pin-
nace, X. 452, 477.

Disdain, Lord Admiral's ship, vii.
106.

Dog, William Michelson's, x. 156.

Dogger-ship of Wive ton, 11. 66.

Dolphin, of London, vii. 37; John
de Verrazzano's, viii. 423.

Dorothy, Sir Richard Grenville's,
VIII. 310; Sir Walter Raleigh's,
XI. 203.

Dragon, Earl of Cumberland's, vi.
466; Sir Francis Drake's, x. 75-

77-
Drake, Sir Francis Drake's, vii. 5.
Dreadnought, Thomas Fenner's, vi.

438.
Duck, Richard Hawkins's, x. 99.

Eagle, in Sir John Hawkins's fleet,
VIII. 421.

Earwig, Sir Robert Dudley's, x.
204.

Edward Bonaventure, Levant Com-
pany's ship, V. 47, 48, 387-407,
390, 392, X. 194, 195, 196, 197, 199,
200; in Sir John Hawkins's fleet,
VIII. 421; Edward Fenton's, xi.
163, 165, 172, 197, 199.

Elizabeth, Muscovy Company's, in.
246; of London, vii. 31; Sir
Richard Grenville's, viii. 310; Sir
Francis Drake's, x. 241; John
Winter's, xi. 137, 148, 155, 159;
Edward Fenton's, 172, 173; of
Dartmouth, John Davys's, vii,
41, 414; of Guernsey, v. 280,
281.

Elizabeth Bonaventure, Sir Francis
Drake's, x. 98, 262.

Elizabeth Constance, Sir Francis
Drake's, x. 227, 235.

465

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Elizabeth Jonas, in expedition

against Armada, iv, 218.
Elizabeth Stokes, of London, v. 280,

282.
Emanuel, Levant trader, v. 454; of

Exeter, vii. 322.
Exchange, of Bristol, x. 193; of Sir

Francis Drake's flleet, 227.
Expedition, of London, vii. 129.

Falcon, of London, vii. 3.

Fila Cavena, v. 77, 88.

Flower de luce, Guinea merchants'
ship, VI. 256.

Foi, of Honfleur, vi. 241.

Foresight, in the Spanish expedition
(1589) VI. 515; Queen Elizabeth's
ship, VII. 41, 48, VIII. 421; in Sir
John Burrough's fleet, vii. 105,
113; of Drake's fleet, x. 240,
241.

Fox, of London, Roger Bodenham's,
IX. 359.

Francis, Sir Francis Drake's, viii.
343. 344' X. 98, 227, 229; Edward
Fenton's ship, xi. 163, 172, 189.

Francis, of Foy, in Frobisher's third
expedition, vii. 236, 238, 239, 322,

324. 341.
Friday, of Cley, 11. 64
Frisking, Sir Robert Dudley's, x.

204.

Gabriel, Sir Martin Frobisher's, vii.
204, 211, 236, 242, 298, 318, 322,

324. 339. 341. 344. 348, 365-

Galleon, of London, vi. 285; Sir
Anthony Sherley's x. 266, 276;
Thomas Cavendish's flagship, xi.
389, 392, 397.

Galleon Dudley, ix. 464.

Galleon Leicester, Edward Fenton's,
XI. 172.

Gallienge, of Rhodes, v. 8.

Garland, Sir Walter Raleigh's, vii.
105, 107; Sir Francis Drake's, x.
230, 236, 245, 262.

George, of London, iii. 252, 253, 254,
256, 295, 296; Guinea merchants'
ship, VI. 266, 282 ; Sir Anthony
Sherley, x. 266, 276; Sir Francis
Drake's (1585) 99; Withrington's
prize, XI. 224; Thomas Caven-
dish's pri/'c, 30:7.

George Bonaventure, of London, v.
310.

George Noble, of London, vii. 43;
Sir Anthony Sherley's, x. 266, 267.

Godozere, of Newcastle, 11. 60.

Golden Dragon, Christopher New-
port's, VII. 112, 184.

Golden Hind, Sir Humphrey Gil-
bert's, VIII. 47, 48, 50, 51, 62, 69,

74-
Golden Noble, of London, vi. 46.
Green Dragon, trader with Barbary,

V. 304; of Newhaven, x. 25,

35-
Gundall, Portuguese boat, xi. 179.

Harry, of London, Muscovy Com-
pany's, m. 92, 102, 169, 170.

Hart, William Towerson's, vi. 177,
180, 212, 221.

Hawkin Derlin, of Danzig, 11. 61.

Hawkins, Sir John Hawkins's, x.

lOI.

Helen, of London, vii. 414.

Helena, of Cley, 11. 65.

Help, Sir Francis Drake's, x. 242.

Hercules, of London, vi. 9, 39.

Hermerillon, Jacques Cartier's, viii.
211.

Hermina, the Great, Jacques Car-
tier's, VIII. 210, 211.

Hermina, the Little, Jacques Car-
tier's, VIII. 210.

Hind, William Towerson's, vi. 177.

Hope, Queen Elizabeth's, viii. 421;
Sir Francis Drake's, vii. i, x. 98,
226, 234, 262.

Hopewell, of London, vi. 426; Fro-
bisher's, VII. 231, 239, 322, 324,
364; in Charles Leigh's expedi-
tion (1597) VIII. 166, 173, 180, 406;
Sir George Carey's, x. 179.

Hugh Gallant, Thomas Cavendish's,
XI. 290, 300, 301, 310, 311, 319.

Intent, Sir Robert Dudley's prize, x.

205.
Isabel, of Clay, 11. 65.

Jane Bonaventure, Sir Henry
Palmer's, x. 190.

Jesus, Muscovy Company's, 11. 401,
408; Levant Company's, v. 281,
292, 311, 314, 316, 318; of Liibeck,

466

INDEX TO SHIPS

VI. 253, IX. 398, 445, 449. 453> 454>

X. 9, 17, 64, 67, 71, 72.
John, of London, xi. 10, 15.

John Baptist, of London, vi. 262, x.
9. 10.

John Evangelist, Muscovy Com-
pany's, II. 375. 379. 380, 413. 425;
Guinea Company's, vi. 155 ; John
White's, VIII. 406, 409, 420.

John Thomas, Sir Francis Drake s,

XI. 298.

John and Francis, iv. 243.
Judith, of London, v. 281 ; Sir Mar-
tin Frobisher's, vii. 233, 238, 322,

329.
Juell, Sir Francis Drake's, x. 227.

Landret, ix. 445.

Leicester, Lord Admiral's ship, iv.
218. ^ .

Leuriere, of Dieppe, vi. 218; ot
Rouen, vi. 218.

Lime, Sir Walter Raleigh's, vii.
6.

Lion, Lord Admiral's ship, iv. 218,
247; of London, vi. 136, 138, 145,
438, VII. 41; Sir Richard Gren-
ville's, VIII. 310; John White's
flagship, 397. , ^, , „

Lion's Whelp, Lord Charles How-
ard's, X. 349, 378. 01- 1 ,

Little John, Sir Anthony Sherley's,
X. 266.

Luis, Spanish ship, xi. 311.

Luisa, of Dieppe, vi. 406.

Madre de Dios, vi. 443, vii. 105-118,

X. 190.
Make-speed, Barbary trader, vi.

285.
Margaret, of Cley, 11. 64; Earl of

Cumberland's, vii. i, u, 13. 18;

Christopher Newport's, x. 184.
Margaret and John, of London, vii.

Marigold, Hill of Redriff's, viii.
157. 158, 160, 161 ; Sir Francis
Drake's, xi. 102, 148, 150, 155,
159.

Mary, Knights of Rhodes's ship, v.

9-
Mary Edward, of London, vii. 129.
Mary George, Levant Company's,

v. 62.

Mary Grace, Levant Company's, v.

62.
Mary Rose, of the Cadix Expedition

(15Q6) IV. 242, 247; Sir John

Hawkins's flagship, viii. 421.
Mary Sparke, of Plymouth, Sir

Walter Raleigh's ship, vi. 434.
Mary Susan, Muscovy Company's

III. 246.
Matthew Gonson, Levant trader, v.

67, 76, 117.
Matthew, of London, Levant trader,

V. 62.

Mayflower, George Fenner's ship,

VI. 266, 282 ; Earl of Cumber-
land's, 266, VII. 119.

Merchant Royal, of London, vi. 47,
48, 50- 387. 390. viii. 421, X. 194,
402, 511.

Merlin, Benjamin Gonson's, vi. 262,
263, 264, X. 9, 10.

Mermaid, Sir Anthony Sherley's, x.
266; of Dartmouth, John Davys's,
vii. 393, 442.

Michael, Frobisher's, vii. 202, 212,
219, 279, 284, 287, 298, 315, 318,
322, 325, 329, 344, 365; of Yar-
mouth, II. 64.

Minion, Queen Elizabeth's ship, vi.
231, 234, 237, 242, 255, 258, 262,

263, 426, VII. 31, 32, VIII. 3, IX.

398, 406, 407, 450, 452, X. 9, 35,

64, 71, 72, 98; of London, xi. 31,

34, 194, 208, 295-
Monkey, viii. 401.
Moon, of the first voyage to Guinea,

VI. 145 ; Captain Frobisher's, vil.

322, 324, 344, 349, 350. 356.
Moonlight, John White's, viii. 411,

419, 421.
Moonshine, of London, vi. 46; of

Dartmouth, John Davys's, vii.

382, 393, 413; John White's, viii.

406.
Mulet de Bataille, of Rouen, vi. 241.

Nana Ferra, of Venice, vi. 108.

Nave Ragasona, of Venice, v. 213.

New Year's Gift, captured by Drake,
X. 127.

Nicholas, of Cley, 11. 65; of Lon-
don, V. 281, 282.

Nightingale, of London, vii. 92, 96.

Nonpareilia, see Nonpareille.

467

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Nonpareille, Queen Elizabeth's, iv.

247, vin. 421.
Norman, John de Verrazzano's, vni.

423-
North Star, John Davys 's, vn. 393,

408, 409, 413.
Nuestra Senora de los remedies,

Robert Flicke's prize, vii. 60.

Our Lady of Pity, Luke Warde's
Spanish prize, xi. 184.

Paul of Plymouth, William Haw-
kins's, XI. 23.

Pegasus, Sir Francis Drake's, x.
227, 241, 242.

Pelican or Golden Hind, Drake's
flagship (1577) XI. 102, 146.

Penelope, in James Lancaster's
voyage (1591) vi. 387, 390, x.
194.

Peregrine, Captain Fenner's (1594)
XI. 46.

Peter, of Cley, 11. 65; of Wiveton,
66; of Bristol, x. 281.

Phenix, of Drake's fleet, x. 227,
232, 233, 235, 236, 245.

Philip and Mary, Muscovy Com-
pany's, n. 286, m. 332, 351, 363,
372, 379' 401, 408.

Philip of Spain, of Spanish navy,
IV. 244, 248.

Philip, Spanish ship, x. 427.

Pilgrim, Jacob Whiddon's, vii. 44,
49.

Pleasure, Thomas James's, viii. 155.

Primrose, Muscovy Company's, 11.
359> 375' 380, 413; of the first
voyage to Guinea, vi. 145, 163,
175' 25s, 256, 261, 413; Sir Mar-
tin Frobisher's, x. 98.

Prudence, Muscovy Company's, iii.
304 ; Christopher Newport, x. 184 ;
Captain Parker's, x. 277.

Pulpit, Sir Francis Drake's (1595)
X. 232.

Rabnet, of Southampton, v. 281.
Ragged Staff, Andrew Barker's, x.

82, 85.
Rainbow, of the Cadix expedition,

IV. 247; Queen Elizabeth's, vi.

421, 438.
Ratta, La, of Venice, iv. 230.

Raynolds, Levant merchants' ship,

V. 215.

Red Dragon, Withrington's flag-
ship, XI. 202.

Red Lion, of London, vii. 414.

Red Rose, or Golden Dragon, Earl
of Cumberland's, vii. 57.

Revenge, Sir Richard Grenville's,
vn. 38-53, 80-83.

Richard, Master Duffield's, vii. 31;
storeship of Drake's fleet (1595) x.
229; of Arundel, 450-458, 458-461,
461-467.

Roe, Peter Baker's, v. 190; Earl of
Cumberland's, xi. 203.

Roebarge, French ship, vi. 217.

Roebuck, Sir John Burrough's, vii.
108, 113; Sir Richard Grenville's,
VIII. 310; Thomas Cavendish's,
XI. 389, 391, 397.

Rose, of Danzig, vi. 231, 233.

Royal Exchange, Earl of Cumber-
land's flagship, VII. 118, 120.

S. Agueda, Captain Ulloa's, ix. 207,

232, 243, 275.
S. Andrew, Spanish ship, iv. 249.
S. Anna, Thomas Cavendish's prize,

XI. 319, 324, 325, 369.
S. Antonio, Portuguese ship, v. 66.
S. Bernardo, Spanish carrack, vii.

112.
S. Catherine, Captain Alarchon's

ship, IX. 279.
S. Christophero, Spanish carrack,

VII. 112.
S. Clara, of Biscay, vii. 105, 108.
S. Gabriel, Spanish West Indian

storeship, ix. 280.
S. Juan de Colorado, Spanish ship,

VI. 472. 483.

S. Lorenzo, Portuguese East Indian

ship, VI. 33.
S. Maria of S. Vincent, Biscayan

ship, VIII. 174.
S. Matthew, of the Spanish Armada,

IV. 226; of the defence of Cadiz,

249.
S. Paul, Don Alonso de Bagan's,

VII. 81.

S. Peter, Captain Alarchon's flag-
ship, IX. 279, 311.

S. Philip, of the Spanish Armada,
IV. 226 ; Portuguese carrack, vi.

468

INDEX TO SHIPS

A38, 442; Alonso de Bagan's

(1591) VII. 42.
S. Thomas, Spanish ship, ix. 207,

208.
S. Vittor, French ship, v. 149.
Saker, Sir Francis Drake's, x.

241.
Salamander, Martin Frobisher's, vii.

327.
Sampson, Earl of Cumberland's,

VII. 118, 119.
Samuel, of London, vii. 31.
Saviour, of Bristol, v. 115.
Sea Dragon, in Drake's fleet (1585)

X. 98.
Searchthrift, in Stephen Borough's
voyage (1556) 11. 322, 323, 345,
363, 390, III. 121, 334.
Serpent, Sir Walter Raleigh's, vi.

434.
Shaudet, French ship for Guinea,

VI. 217.
Shipper Berlin, of Prussia, 11. 61.
Solomon, Muscovy Company's flag-
ship, III. 304; Sir John Hawkins's,
VI. 263, X. 9, 17, 22, 23; of Lon-
don, VII. 31, 32, 33; Frobisher's,
239,322,324; Sir Francis Drake's,
X. 190, 227, 228, 243 ; James Lan-
caster's, XI. 43, 44, 46; of Ply-
mouth, V. 280, 281.
Soudil, of the French fleet, viii. 150.
Speedwell, of Bristol, Andrew

Barker's, x. 82, 10 1.
Speranze, see Bona Esperanza.
Susan, of London, Levant trader, v.

243, 248, 251, 254, VI. 47. 48.
Susan Parnell, Sir Francis Drake's,

X. 242.
Swallow, Muscovy Company's, 11.
401, 408, 409, III. 9, 15, 38, 169,
170; of London, v. 281, 282; Sir
John Hawkins's, vi. 263, ix. 398,
445, 448, 453, x. 7, 9, 23, 99; Sir
Humphrey Gilbert's, viii. 47, 50,
62, 92; Sir George Carey's, x.
179, xii. 37.
Swan, of the Cadiz expedition, iv.
243; Sir Anthony Sherley's, x.
266.
Swift-sure, at Flores, viii. 421.

Talbot, X. 98, loi.

Thomas, Sir Francis Drake's (1585)

X. 98; of Ipswich, Frobisher's,
VII. 237, 241, 322, 325, 344, 349,

35O' 355- ,, ^

Thomas Allen, Muscovy Company s,
III. 246, 304; Frobisher's, vii. 231,

237. 322, 348, 349- . ,, ^ ,
Thomas Bonaventure, in the hrst

voyage to Persia, iii. 150.
Three Half Moons, John Foxe's, v.

Tiger, iii. 303, x. 98, 463; Levant
trader, v. 455, 465. ^i. 1-9. 35' 43;
Guinea merchants', 212-231, 231-
252 ; Sir John Hawkins's, 263, x.
9, 17, 21 ; Sir Richard Grenville's,
v'lii. 310, 315, 317- ^

Toby, of Harwich, iii. 283; Levant
Company's, vi. 47, 48, 50 ; Richard
Staper's, vii. 124, 125.

Tramontane of the Queen, viii.
180.

Trinitv, of Hull, 11. 61 ; of London,
375»'38o, 413, 425; in the second
voyage to Guinea, vi. 155, 100,
207; Hore's flagship, viii. 3; Cap-
tain Ulloa's, IX. 89, 207, 226, 228,
229, 232, 233, 243, 262, 278.

Trinity Fitz Williams, Levant trader,
V. 62, 115.

Vantage, in Drake's West Indian

expedition, x. 98.
Victory, Queen Elizabeth's, iv. 218;

Earl of Cumberland's, vii. i, 2, 6,

10, 13, 20; Spanish ship, xi.

258.
Vigonia, Spanish ship, x. 231.
Violet, vii. 31; or the Why not

I? Earl of Cumberland's, vii.

118.
Virgin, Christopher Newport's, x.

184; James Lancaster's, xi. 43,

44. 45-

Warspight, of the Cadiz Expedition,

IV. 247.
Wat, Sir Walter Raleigh's pinnace,

XI. I.

Welcome, of Plymouth, xi. 46.
Whelp, Benjamin Wood's, xi. 2.
White Dove, flyboat, vii. 84.
White Lion, in Drake's West Indian

voyage, x. 98; John Chidley's, xi.

381.

469

THE ENGLISH VOYAGES

Wild Man, John Chidley's, xi. 381.

William, of London, iii. 252, 253,

254, 256, 283, 284, 290, 297, 298,

William and John, in. 247; Levant
Company's, vi. 47, 48; Sir John

Hawkins's, ix. 398, 400, 445,
448.
Wolf, Sir Anthony Sherley's, x. 266,
273-

Young, Robert Tomson's, ix. 338.

END OF VOLUME XII.

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