ca a 7 RE MES REISE il ATTRA! 15 SS RRR EIA LMG RET ua at tt On Chee PELE Sins | a) STORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN, SESSIONS 1867-68, 1868-69. ree eae Fay choke . A / s y 4 % — fj nt i Avy \ . ¢ r sy vy } ’ ; LUME V.—PARTS III. & IV. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, ie A Bee Pe GDA eR Sete rt « bal / Fat the : - = a = j ‘ ee aii Ay: tot y . ae , é pti _ Lonpon: WiutiamMs anp Noreats. = _—s[ FIVE SHILLINGS. ey Serr bi (ah é essa AS eat rit i. tay Ue ee PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN, FOR THE SESSIONS 1865-66, 1866-67, 1867-68, 1868-69 (INCLUSIVE). EDITED FOR THE SOCIETY BY WILLIAM ARCHER, anp E. PERCEVAL WRIGHT, M.D., HONORARY SECRETARIES. HOV. DUBLIN: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, BY M. H. GILL. ~ 1871. & - CONTENTS OF VOL. Y. 1865-66. REPORT FROM CoUNCIL, presented November 8rd, 1865, Notes on Colias edusa. By E. Perceval Wright, M.D., ; : 5 Description of a New Species of Bulbochete ee) By Wiiliam Archer, (Plate II.), On the Occurrence of Hymenophyllum Wilsoni in the neighbourhood of Boyle; with notice of New Stations for some of our rarer Plants in the surrounding District. By F. J. Foot, M.A., Notes on Irish Lepidoptera. By William Andrews, P Occasional Notes on the Occurrence of Rare Birds on the Shores of the River Moy and Killala Bay. (No. IV.) By Robert Warren, Natural History Notes. By E. H. Kinahan, : On the Possibility of Naturalizing the Ringed Snake (Cropidonotns natrix) in Ireland. By E. H. Bennett, M.D., . Remarks on Oxyurus ambigua. By John Barker, M. Ds, Remarks on Dodo Bones. By E. Perceval Wright, M. D., On Certain Muscular Peculiarities in Monkeys. 7 ‘Alexander Macalister, iE.C.S-F. (Plate VI.), . : Remarks on Trawling. By William. Andrews, Remarks on Scotopelia Peli. By E. Perceval Wright, M. Dn, On Fossil Plants from the South of Ireland, Part I. By William Hellier Baily, . ; Do. do, Part II., On a Case of Hemiplegia in a Monkey, consequent on an Injury of the Head. By the Rev. Samuel Haughton, M.D., Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland. By Edwin Birchall. (Plate 1 \. Natural History Notes made in April, 1866 (Co. ae By George nar Kinahan, ‘ Notes on Salmon Hatching, By George H. Kinahan. (Woodcuts), Addenda to the Musci and Hepaticas of ‘‘ Flora Hibernica,” with additional Habitats for a few of the rarer Species. By David Moore, Ph.D., Remarks on the Roach. By R. P. Williams, : F : 1866-67. REPORT FROM COUNCIL, presented 1st November, 1866, ‘ : : Notes on the Flora of the Islands of Arran, West of Ireland. By EK. Perceval Wright, M.D., ; On some New Diatomaces collected off the Arran Islands by Dr. E. Perceval Wright. No.1. By the Rev. Eugene O’Meara, M.A. (Plate V.), : On a new Station of ak a Wilsoni and H. ee Ree) By b. J: Foot, M.A., - : : é Page iv CONTENTS. On the Occurrence in Ireland of Two Plants new to the Irish Flora, Eriophorum alpinum and Acorus calamus. By David Moore, LL.D., : Note on the ‘‘ Blue Mist.”? By J. J. Lalor, Remarks on the Genera Zygogonium (de Bary) and Zygogonium (Riitz. ), with Description of the conjugated state of the Plant believed to be identical with Zygogonium leve (Kutz.), but which is referrible rather to the genus Mougeotia (de Bary, non Agardh). By William Archer. (Plate IV.), . Zoological Notes. By William Andrews, . On Bothriocephalus latus, or Broad Tapeworm—its Occurrence i in Treland ; with Remarks on its claim for admission into the List of our indigeneous Fauna. By Dr. William Frazer, . ; ° : : 5 - Notes on some Larva-cases from Australia. By Dr. Alexander Macalister. (Woodcuts), On Two new Species of Saprolegnies referrible, respectively, to the genus Saprolegnia (Nees von Esenb.), and Achlya (Nees von Esenb,). By William Archer. (Plate III.), . Notes on Tzenia mediocanellata (Kiichenmeister), being its first recorded occur- rence in Ireland. By Dr. William Frazer, Note on ‘“ Asteridia ’’ occurring in Penium digitus (Breb. ). By William Archer. (Plate IV.), . : On the Conjugation of Spirotenia condensata (Breb. ); aud of Spirotenia truncata (Arch.). By William Archer. (Plate IV.), , Notes on the Rose-hill Parrokeet (Platycercus eximius). By John Barker, M. D., Occasional Notes on the Occurrence of Rare Birds in the vicinity of the Shores 6 the River Moy and Killala Bay. No. V.—On the Occurrence of the Spotted Redshank and Wild Swan, By Robert Warren, Jun., . On New Forms of Diatomacez from Dredgings off the Arran Islands, Co. Galway. No. 2. By the Rev. Eugene O’Meara, A.M. (Plate VII.), A Note of some Species of Mosses new to the Irish Flora. By David Moore, Ph. Ds On the Stinging Properties of the Physalia or ps aseagl Man- of- War. By A. W. Foot, M.D., , : 4 ; : ‘ 1867-68. REPORT FROM CouncitL, presented 7th November, 1867, : On the occurrence of Flying Fish off Ballycotton Island, South of Ireland. By By A. E. Graves, . On some Palliobranchiate Shells from the Irish Atlantic. By Professor W. . King. (Woodcuts), Notes on some of our Irish Birds. By B. Bradshaw, L.R.C.8 Notes on some points in the Myology of the Otter. By A. Macalister, LB. 0.8. i Notes on Irish Sponges. By W. Andrews, . On the second recorded instance of the Peregrine Faleon laying its eges in confine- ment. By R. J. Montgomery, . Report on the International Botanical Congress, Paris, 1867. By D. Moore, eu IBA P 5 , . t Obituary Notice of Admiral Jones. By D. “Moore, Ph. D., : ; : A Notes on the Pyloric appendages of the Common Trout. By A. Macalister, L. R. C. 8. I., : On the Cranium of Psettodes, and on a case of duplex malformation i in Platessa flesus. R. H. Traquair, M. D. (abstract), On the Distribution of Isocardia cor along the Irish Coast, with rate of its dis- covery in Dungarvan Bay by John Good. By W. Frazer, : ° Addenda to British and Irish Muscology. By D. Moore, Ph.D., . 4 Note on a peculiar Cyst-like Structure, enclosing examples ‘of, Staurastrum cuspidatum (Breb.) and other minute alge. By W. Archer, Page. 112 113 114 122 169 170 174 177 179 180 182 184 186 188 189 190 192 CONTENTS. v Page 1868-69. Report From CounciL, presented 5th November, 1868, . ukoo On the Discovery of Cuscuta trifolii in Ireland. By W.G. Smith, M. D., eos On some points observed in the Dissection of an Aylesbury Duck. By A. W. Foot, M. D., 199 Notes on the Discovery of Euplectella aspergillum ( (Owen). By Captain Morgan. (W oodcuts.) . 203 Contributions to the Flora of Kinrosshire. “By A. Macalister, Les. Tl » 204 On the avimal of Tubipora musica. By EH. Perceval Wright, M. D. (Plate XI.) 211 On the Arrangement of the Pronator Muscles in the Limbs of Vertebrate Animals. By A. Macalister, L. R. C. 8. L, : : : . . ne 26 On the Libellulide of the Seychelles. By E. Perceval Wright, M.D., . oat On a new genus and several new species of Odonata from the Seychelles. By Baron E. de Selys-Longchamp, : A : Pays? On New Diatomacee collected off the Arran Islands. By Rev. E. O’Meara, A.M., No. 8. (Plate XIII.) . 227 Proposals of the Committee of Science of the Royal Irish Academy to the Society, and Resolutions thereon, . 229 On some Freshwater Rhizopoda, new or "little-known. By William Archer. (Pl. VIII., 1X., and X.), : 5 , : arate 231 Resignation of the Honorary Secretaries, . 293 Notes of a Tour during the ae and Summer of 1868 in Sicily a and Portugal. By E. Perceval Wright, M.D. (Plate XII.) : : 2294 APPENDIX. Societies to which Part III. of Vol. IV. of the “‘ Proceedings” has been sent, . i Publications of other Societies received to November, 1866, . : 5 : iv Publications received from Private Individuals, : vii List of Members of the Natural History Society of Dublin, November, 1866, Bi) aah Treasurer’s Account (to November, 1866), ; ee xd Societies entitled to receive the ‘‘ Proceedings,” . 4 : . Xiv—xxviii Publications of other Societies received to November, 1867, 5 . xvii List of Members of the Natural History Society of Dublin, ‘November, 1867, XI Treasurer’s Account (to November, 1867), ; . . XXVii Publications of other Societies received to November, 1868, : . | List of Members of the Natural History Society of Dublin, Nov ember, 1869, XXKXKV Treasurer’s Account (to November, 1868), ; : Sar. 4 » (to November, 1869), : : : . of alin Rules of the Society as amended to Ist J aot 1869, : ; : : <2 SEE Description of Plates, . : : : : > xlvik Index, : 5 3 ; = s 3 f i : 4 ane VA: ao SESSION 1867-68. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, Tuurspay, November 7, 1867. Royau Irish AcADEMyY House, DAWSON-STREET. Rozert Cattwett, M. R.1. A., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the preceding Meeting were read and signed. The Ballot then opened for the election of Officers and Council for the ensuing year. Dr. D. Moore, and the Rev. Thaddeus O’ Mahony, having been appointed scrutineers, the following Report from the out- going Council was then read :— ‘Ere formally relinquishing the trust placed in the hands of your outgoing Council for the preceding year, annual custom demands that a brief Report should be made of the doings and state of the Society ; yet, so little has the past year differed from its immediate predecessors, and so evenly flows the current of the Society’s affairs, that at each annual return of the night inaugurative of a new Session there is little new to say—little that is special calling for attention. From Session to Session we acquire some new members, lose some old ones, and find ourselves still located, thanks to our kind hosts, in this convenient apartment, the contributing members doing, meantime, what they can to furnish scientific communications, be they the result of their quiet labours, or merely passing nutes and records. And so your Council’s Annual Reports can be little else than monotonous. The gain to the Society by accession of new members has been twenty ordinary members, whilst the losses have been seventeen, three of which were by death. “One of these losses occurred through the death of our valued and valuable corresponding member, Frederick J. Foot. The unexpected and sudden removal of this estimable man and zealous naturalist, whose contributions added highly to the interest of the Society’s meetings on many an evening, was caused by an accident, the result of a heroic, but to himself fatal, effort to save human life from drowning. This me- lancholy event will be fresh in the memory of us all. During the severe frost of last winter, whilst skating, the ice gave way, and several of Mr. Foot’s fellow-skaters were precipitated below. To their assistance our departed friend, who was an excellent skater, hurried, and, in the effort to save them, he sank, and was lost himself. It would ill become your Council not to place on record their sense of the loss which the Society and Science have sustained, and their deep regret at the untimely and sudden demise of so esteemed a man. ‘‘ The record of work done, as evidenced by the number of papers and communications brought forward, by no means falls short of that of pre- VOL. V: Z 166 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DURLIN. ceding years. To report upon and to chronicle our scientific activity, beyond a reference to the papers, which will speak for themselves, would seem to be an undesirable waste of space. And yet, though the number of papers read betokens no inactivity on the part of a few, your Council could have wished that the annual Part of your Journal con- tained a greater number of communications from our home workers. Your Council thinks that the Society could act in no way more wisely or more for its scientific advancement than by bestowing attention to the publication department, and by allocating as large a proportion of the funds as possible to the efficient and creditable bringing out of the Society’s Journal, as regards both illustrations and extent. Original observers will not be induced to bring their communications before the Society, should they require illustrations, unless the Society will be able to bring them out in the requisite effective manner. Your Council thinks, therefore, that it would be but right and proper to enlarge the expenditure on publication as far as possible, and thus endeavour to raise the Society in the scale of similar institutions in other parts of the world where our peculiar field of science is cultivated. Twenty Papers or communications, of which ten were zoological and ten botanical, were read during the last session The zoological were entitled as follow :—‘ Zoological Notes,’ by William Andrews, V.P., M.R.I.A.; ‘On the Occurrence of Bothryocephalus latus in Ireland,’ by Dr. W. Frazer ; ‘On some Larva Cases from Australia, by Dr. Alexander Macalister; ‘ Notes on a Species of Tapeworm, Zenia mediocannellata, new to Ireland,’ by Dr. W. Frazer, M. R. I. As; ‘On the Skeleton of the Rosehill Parrokeet, Platycercus exinwus,’ ‘by Dr. John Barker, M.R.1I.A.; ‘On the Occurrence of the Spotted Redshank and Wild Swan at Killala Bay,’ by Robert Warren, Jun.; ‘Some desultory Remarks on certain Freshwater Rhizopoda, with Desuriptien of some New Species, three of which form types of as many new genera in the Radiolaria,’ by William Archer; ‘On the Stinging Properties of the Physalia or Portuguese Man-of-war,’ by Dr. A. W. Foot. The botanical Papers were:—‘ Notes of a Botanical Tour in the South of Ireland,’ by Dr. E. Perceval Wright, F. L.S.; ‘ Description of Some New and Rare Diatomaceze, found in dredgings made by Dr. E. Perceval Wright off the Arran Islands’ (Series I.), by Rev. Eugene O’Meara, A.M.; ‘On a New Station for Hymenophyllum Wilsont and H. Tunbridgense,’ by F. J. Foot, M. A.; ‘Record of the Occurrence of Hriophorum alpinum in the county Cork, and of Acorus calamus near Belfast,’ by D. Moore, Ph. D., F.L.8.; ‘Remarks on the Genera Zygogonium (de Bary), and Zy- gogonium (Kiitz.), with Description of the Conjugated State of the Plant, believed to be identical with Zygogonium leve (Kitz.), but which is referrible rather to the genus Mougeotia (de Bary, non Agardh)’, by William Archer; ‘On two New Species in Saprolegniez, referrible the one to the genus Saprolegnia (Nees von Esenb.), and the other to Achlya (Nees von Esenb.),’ by William Archer; ‘Description of New Species of Diatomacese, from Arran Islands’ (Series II.), by Rev. E. O’Meara, A. M.; ‘ Further Addenda to Irish Muscology,’ by D. Moore, REPORT OF COUNCIL. 167 Ph. D., F.L.S. ; ‘Note on Asteridia, occurring in Penium digitus,’ by William Archer ; ‘ On the Conjugation of Spirotenta condensata (Bréb.), and of Spirotenia truncata (Arch.), for the first time recorded in any species of this genus,’ by William Archer. The foregoing will appear in Part II. of the Fifth Volume of the Proceedings, and will be illus- trated by several plates. The carrying on of the exchange of publications with English and foreign societies has not been relaxed, as the ample parcels almost nightly brought forward abundantly testify. A vote of thanks has been uniformly accorded to the generous donors, but this poor recompense accompanying our own part of the ‘ Proceedings’ is not any adequate return for the stores of value contained in these journals—sources of re- ference in numerous departments but insufficiently availed of by local students in similar fields. The pity is that these journals are not in some common place of meeting of the members, where they could see what papers on subjects interesting to each have been brought forward by the numerous earnest and hardworking students who have in them detailed the results of their labours. A complete list of these journals will appear, and those who desire to use any of them can have them by notifying their wish to Mr. Archer, in whose temporary custody they are deposited. ‘The museum last year received only a few accessions, and still remains in Mr. Williams’s house. ‘““The state of the funds of the Society will appear from the Trea- surer’s Report. “The meetings of the Society have been regularly held in the Royal Irish Academy House, and your Council cannot but offer to its Council hearty thanks for this valuable accommodation, now for several seasons so kindly accorded. Owing to the press of papers towards the close of last Session, one additional supplementary general meeting was held. There remains nothing further for your outgoing Council to say beyond expressing their hope and desire that the coming Session may be not less active in the scientific way than that which has preceded it, and that with lessened expenses in the way of apartments, and thus in- creased means towards publishing, such an accession of new members, and of new work from the older contributors, may accrue, that a long future of increased scientific usefulness may be in store for the now, in years, somewhat venerable Natural History Society of Dublin.” The foregoing Report was adopted. The Treasurer then submitted his Report, by which it appeared there was a considerable balance in the Society’s favour. Mr. Porte and Mr. Johnston were appointed auditors to examine the accounts. The following were then declared elected as Officers and Council for the ensuing year :— 168 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. PrestpENT.—The Right Honorable the Lord Clermont, M. R. I. A. Vicr-Presrpents.— William Andrews, M.R.I.A., F. R.G.S8. I. ; Robert Callwell, M.R.I. A., V. P.R.G.S.I.; Alexander Carte, M. D., F.R.C.8.1., F.L.8., M.R.I.A., F. R.G.S.1.; Richard Palmer Wil- Hams, MR. 1. A. F.R.G.S. 7 Counciz.— John Barker, M.D., F. BR. C.S. 1) i geeieeee MR. Gai i.) (Charles iP: Cie, 201D., MAR ae ae M. B.S. E. ; George Dixon, F. R. G. S. I.; John Good, F. R. G.S. I.; Rev. Samuel Haughton, M. D., F. T.C.D., RoR. MRA, V.P. BGeeaee A. H. Jacob, M. De, L. R. C. S. days Maziere Johnston, John J. Lalor, Alexander Macalister, Lh. Kk: Q. G. P., L. R. C.S.1.; David Moore, Ph.D., F.L.8.,M.R.1.A.; Rev. T. O’ Mahony, M. A.; George Porte, M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S. L; E. Perceval Wright, M. D., F. RC. F.L:S., M. BR. 7. A. Honorary TreasvreR.—Arthur Andrews. Honorary Drrecror or Mustum.—W. B. Brownrigg, Ex. Sci. Sch. TCAD HR Gaal Honorary SrecreTARTES.—Robert M‘Donnell, M. D., F. R.C.8.1., F.R.S., M. R. I. A.; William Archer. Richard M. Barrington, Esq., Fassaroe, Bray, was declared elected an ordinary member of the Society. Rev. Professor Haughton proposed that Mr. Callwell do leave the chair, and that it be taken by Mr. Mulvany. Mr. Williams seconded the motion. Mr. Mulvany accordingly took the chair. The Rev. Professor Haughton then, prefacing the same by a few complimentary words, proposed the following resolution, which was se- conded by Mr. Williams:— ‘‘That the hearty thanks of the society be given to the outgoing president, Robert Callwell, Esq., for the urbanity and skill with which he has presided at our meetings during the past year.” The resolution was passed by acclamation. Mr. Callwell briefly thanked the meeting, and expressed his appre- ciation of the compliment which had been done him by his having been elected President for the past year, as well as his sincere wish for the welfare and prosperity of the Society. The Meeting then adjourned till the first Thursday in December. GRAVES—ON FLYING FISH OFF THE COAST OF IRELAND. 169 THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1867. Rosert Cattwet1, M. R.I. A., Vice-President, in the Chair. Tue following letter from A. E. Graves, Esq., was read :— ‘¢ScHooneR YAcut, ‘ [exNE,’ “* Dunmore Last, 29th Aug., 1867. ‘‘Srr,—I think it worth writing you a line, to state that on last Thursday, while on our passage to Queenstown, and not far from Ballycotton Island, we saw distinctly about one dozen flying-fish rise - out of the sea and fly across our bows to windward, and almost at once afterwards about eight more of these beautiful little fish rose and followed the others in their flight. I have frequently seen such a sight in the tropics, but I never before either heard of or saw flying fish in British waters. —A few weeks previously, when off Cape Clear, on our way from Bantry Bay, we saw three large tropical sharks close to the yacht. They were all apparently full-grown, and on the top of the water. If you have received any similar reports from other parts of our coasts, it may be worth your trying to ascertain whether the temperature of the sea around our shores has been higher than usual during the present summer.—I may, perhaps, also remark that in several months’ cruising this season we have seen very few por- poises. This statement was confirmed lately by an experienced captain of a Channel steamer, to whom I spoke on the subject. ‘Tam, Sir, yours, very truly, ‘‘A. EK. Graves. ‘* To the Secretary ofthe Natural History Society of Dublin.” Mr. Good observed that he was able to confirm Mr. Graves’s state- ment as to the occurrence of flying fish on the south coast of Ireland; for, so far back as 1848, on a voyage from Cork to Dublin, two speci- mens flew on board the vessel, and were picked up by the sailors. Dr. Robert M‘Donnell exhibited a common barndoor hen, which, upon the evidence of trustworthy informants who had forwarded the bird to him, was said to have undergone a remarkable change of colour, almost from black to white, in a few days’ time, without moulting. The hen, a bird two and a half years old, was the property of Mr. Morris, of Drogheda, and had been observed on the 1st October to be of a lighter colour than before. The back and breast first became white, the next night the head and tail, and, lastly, the wings, except the pen feathers, the whole change occupying about four days. A conversation then followed, in which several members took part. Mr. R. P. Williams, upon examining the bird now exhibited, was of opinion that the feathers never had been dark, and that hence there must have been some error, and he felt altogether sceptical in 170 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. this instance. At the same time, he had himself met with at least one instance of a remarkably sudden change of the colour in the feathers of a fowl of the Hamburg breed, a record of which he had brought before the Society some years ago. The following gentlemen were elected ordinary members of the Society :— Willoughby Montgomery Moore, Esq., Howth ; Major L. E. Knox, 538, Fitzwilliam-square ; and Dr. Francis R. Cruise, 37, Westland- row. The meeting then adjourned to the first Thursday in January. THURSDAY, JANUARY 2, 1868. Rosert Cattwew., M. R. I. A., V.P., in the Chair. Read the Minutes of preceding Meeting, which were confirmed. Read the following paper :— On soME PALLIOBRANCHIATE SHELLS FROM THE IRISH ATLANTIC. By Professor W. Kine. Tue shells described in the present communication were obtained through the soundings and dredgings conducted by Staff-Commander Richard Hoskyn, R. N., in 1862, at the time commanding H. M. S. “ Porcupine,”’ for purposes in connexion with the then proposed telegraphic commu- nication between Ireland and Newfoundland. The general result of these soundings, in a natural history point of view, has already been published in various papers ;* I now propose to give some information on four species of shells—all of the kind yielded by the expedition—belonging to the class Palliobranchiata, Order—Awncytopracuia (J. EH. Gray). 1. Terebratulina caput-serpentis (Linnzeus). A fragment of a shell, which I have some doubts in referring to this species, came up, along with rounded pieces of a Cellepore, from a depth of 495 fathoms, in N. lat. 51° 3’, W. long. 14° 562’. The species is somewhat common on much shallower bottoms on the west coast of Ireland. * See “ Brit. Ass. Report,’ 1862, Notices, &c., p. 108, and the author’s “ Prelimi- nary Notice of the Organic and Inorganic Objects obtained from the Soundings of H.M.S. ‘ Porcupine,’ &c., in ‘‘ Nautical Magazine,’”’ November, and December, 1862 ; ‘‘ Supplementary Note’ to ‘‘ Observations on the Proposed Telegraphic Communication between Ireland and Newfoundland,” in ‘‘ Nautical Magazine,” December, 1862; and his paper ‘‘On certain Physical and Natural History Phenomena of the Atlantic,” in ‘‘Fraser’s Magazine,” October, 1863. The Lords of the Admiralty at the time gave instructions for all the specimens procured during the expedition to be placed, as far as practicable, in his hands for publication. KING—ON PALLIOBRANCHIATE SHELLS, 171 2. Macandrevia cranvum—Terebratula, id.,* (Miiller). A specimen—the umbone of the large valve—of this rare species was brought up from 495 fathoms, in N. lat. 51° 3’, W. long. 14° 562’, It possesses the dental plates, emarginate foramen, and tubular struc- ture, diagnostic of the species. The specimen is not in a fresh condition, which suggests the possi- bility of its being the remains of an individual that lived in a late ter- tiary period. There is no reason, however, why it may not have belonged to a recent individual, as living specimens of the species have been obtained from deep water off Unst, one of the Shetland Isles. Order—Heticropracuia (J. E. Gray). 3. Crania anomala (Miller). A few young specimens of this shell were found adhering to small pebbles brought up by the dredge from the ‘‘ Porcupine Bank”’ (so called by Hoskyn), at the depth of 120 fathoms, and about 120 miles west of Slyne Head. A fragment was also got on the Rockall Bank, about 300 miles west of Scotland. The species is common, in deep water, on the Atlantic coasts of Ireland and Scotland. It is noteworthy that a large number of small pebbles, from half an inch to three inches in size, came up in the dredge while exploring the «Porcupine Bank.’ Usually Serpulas Chitons and Cellepores were attached to all the surfaces of the pebbles, except the one on which it may be conceived they rested : a fact proving how little the pebbles can have been rolled about; and showing, as I pointed out in 1862, that a telegraph cable, laid at the comparatively shallow depth of 120 fathoms, cannot be much affected by the heavy seas of the Atlantic. The success of the cable since laid down has confirmed my opinion. 4. Discina Atlantica (nobis). This helictobrach, which does not appear to have been described, besides being one of the novelties of the ‘‘ Porcupine” expedition, is one of the most interesting additions to the conchology of ourseas. A single specimen of the upper valve, apparently belonging to a young individual, occurred to me on breaking open a piece of drab-coloured foraminiferal mud,} which came up in the sounding machine from the depth of 1240 fathoms, in N. lat. 52° 8’, W. long. 15° 30’, or nearly due west of Dingle Bay. The place is evidently on the outer slope of the great submarine ridge, made known through the soundings of Commanders Dayman and Hoskyn, which runs in a meridional direction off the coasts of Cork and * The genus Macandrevia was diagnosed by myself in the ‘‘ Natural History Re- view,” vol. vi, p.520. Dublin, 1859. + The mud contained pieces of rock, the largest half an inch long, apparently a ferru~ ginous sandstone. i beh NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Kerry, about 140 miles from land, and rises in its shallowest part to within 190 fathoms of the surface of the Atlantic.* Possibly the spe- cimen did not actually live where it was taken, since it may have settled down from a much higher part of the slope. Considering, however, that Professor Thorell has got living objects, among which is a shell, from a deeper sea-bed (1400 fathoms) in the Arctic Ocean, there is con- siderable probability that the species is from a truly abyssal habitat. Doubtless it will be suspected that the specimen is a waif, brought from some distant locality, and accidentally deposited on the bottom that yielded it—a suspicion just as likely to be correct as the notion that there are no other species of shells living in the deep portions of the Atlantic than those known to inhabit the shallower sea-beds around our coasts. There is another view which may be held with more show of reason —the specimen may belong to a species not existing at present in the Atlantic, but which may have lived in it during, perhaps, the latest of the Tertiary periods, like the ‘‘ sub-fossils,’’ Rhynchonella psittacea, Astarte crebricostata, A. borealis, Mya Uddevallensis, &c., got by myself some years ago from the German Ocean, off the coast of Northumber- land ;+ but it is so fresh in every respect, that I am strongly disinclined to accept such a view. Unfortunately, the specimen, which I have endeavoured to represent in Figs. 1 and 2, is slightly broken at the anterior margin, but sufficient remains to enable me to give a description of it—ample enough, per- haps, to serve in the absence of a specific diagnosis. Fig. 3. Fig. 2. Upper Valve.—Corneous, brown, thin; rather prominently conical ; marginal outline approximately circular ; sides scarcely convex ; 24 six- teenths in diameter, and 1 sixteenth in height ;+ apex subcentral, and on the posterior half; outersurface, as seen with a good pocket lens, crowded with fine, regular, sub-parallel, concentric raised lines; inner surface showing, under a high magnifying power, a delicate, scaly, or imbri- cated appearance; anterior portion of a yellowish-white colour; mus- cular impressions tolerably well marked. * A valuable chart of the ‘‘ Soundings of the West of Ireland” accompanies Hoskyn’s ‘‘ Report” on the same, published in the ‘Nautical Magazine,” October, 1862. This chart ought to be consulted by those who are interested in the subject-matter of the present aper. : i See “ Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,”’ vol. xviii., pp. 235, 238. In the paper referred to the Rhynchonella is erroneously considered to have belonged to a recent individual. After it was published I determined the Astartes named in the text. { Fig. 3 represents the natural width of the specimen. KING—ON PALLIOBRANCHIATE SHELLS. 173 This species agrees with Discina lamellosa (Broderip) in having a nearly circular margin and a sub-central apex, but completely differs therefrom in the character of its external ornamentation; and the la- mellz, which distinguish the latter shell, cannot be identified with the raised lines of Discina Atlantica. Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, who has seen the specimen, has suggested that it may be a young example of Discina tenuis (G. B. Sowerby)—a suggestion not supported by the representa- tions of this species in the ‘‘ Thesaurus Conchyliorum.”’* Although appearing to agree with Discina Atlantica in being finely striated con- centrically, Discina tenuis has a less circular marginal outline, and its apex (stated to be ‘‘ near the posterior margin’’) is decidedly sub-mar- inal. ‘ A rare British fossil shell has been made known, which, on account of its geographical station, requires to be noticed in connexion with the present species—I allude to the specimen of a Discina found thirty years ago, by Mr. Searles Wood, in the ‘‘Coralline Crag,’’ at Sutton, in Suffolk, and noticed by him, under the name of ‘“‘ Disciona Norve- gica?’”’ in his ‘‘ Catalogue of Shells from the Crag.’’} The specimen, like the one I have described, is ‘‘only one valve, and that imper- fect.” It is now in the British Museum, having been presented to the national collection by Mr. 8. Wood, along with his highly valu- able series of Crag Fossils. Mr. Davidson has given figures and a de- scription of the Sutton specimen, and named it ‘‘? Orbicula lamellosa.’’t At one time I entertained a suspicion that the shell herein described might turn out to be specifically identical with the Crag specimen; but having lately examined the latter in the British Museum, through the kindness of Dr. Baird, I find that the present species has a more cir- cular form, seemingly finer lines of growth, also a more elevated and less excentrically situated apex. Mr. James Haughton, Jun., exhibited some shells of Lanthina fragilis, ‘‘common ocean shell,” taken by him last summer in great quantities on the Wexford coast; he also showed some specimens given to him some years ago by the late Professor Kinahan, which, however, were considerably smaller than those now shown as lately taken by him- self. He had had them alive for some days, in a bowl of sea water, and thus had had an opportunity to see their curious float. He lost them shortly, however, apparently owing to the water becoming foul, from the dense purple excretion given out by these animals. Mr. Adair mentioned having once, some twenty years back, taken this shell in immense quantities on the Antrim coast, and was disposed to think its occurrence on British coasts to be periodical. * Pl. lxxiii., Figs. 4 & 5, op. cit. + Published in the ‘‘ Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.,” vol. vi., p. 155-184. t See “ Fossil Brachiopoda of Great Britain,’ Part I., p. 7, Pl. 1, Figs. 9, 9a, 96. VOL. V. Dd fe , 174 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1868. The Rev. Professor O’Manony, M. A., M. R.I. A., in the Chair. The Minutes of the preceding Meeting were read and confirmed. F. Y. Brocas, Esq., 4, Mill-street, Hanover-square, London, recom- mended by the Council, was declared elected a corresponding member of the society. After which was read the following paper, entitled :— Notes oN SoME OF oUR IrIsH Birps. By Benzamryw Brapsuaw, L. R. C.S. THe Goatsucker (Caprimulgus Europeus) is very common about Bansha, County Tipperary, arriving in May. The place is very moun- tainous and well wooded, and the woods being cut annually and re- planted, affords them an excellent breeding place, there being also plenty of heather growing among the young trees. I have never found their nests, as I have not had time to look for them; but when out shooting deer, which are numerous in the woods, I must have been near the nest occasionally, as the birds, or rather bird, as there was never more than one at a time, flew about my head, almost striking it, but never uttering any cry, and throwing stones at them did not frighten them in the least. In fact, I consider them very bold birds, not at all afraid of mankind. Even when they were not minding their young, but looking for insects, I have remarked the same fearlessness. I have never met them among the tall trees, but have frequently seen them flying over them, evidently looking for food. They occasionally descend to the lowlands, where they may be observed hawking over water, round the sally trees that grow out ofit, also round ash and oak. They appear about nine o’clock in the evening, and fly about till it is too dark to watch their movements any longer. One very curious feature about them is, that when they commence to fly about, they call one another, or at least I believe it is meant as such, by striking their wings sharply over their back, which can be heard more than a quarter ofa mile on a calm evening, and very much resembles the hands being struck forcibly together. It is taken up at once and answered from every part of the wood, and has avery curious effect. I have seen the wings in the act of making this sound, as occasionally the bird has been only a few feet from me atthe time. Itis produced as follows :— The bird slackens its pace, and gives a kind of convulsive start or jump in the air, at the same time straightening the wings, and striking the backs of them together very smartly over the back, only once at a time, before it resumes its pace again. I could hear no other sound from it at the time. I have never heard its peculiar churning note, nor have I ever seen it sitting on a tree or wall. Their flight at times strongly resembles that of the dragon-fly—rising and falling, poising and darting about. It is commonly known to the people in that part of the country as the ‘‘ Mauurvenn.”’ BRADSHAW—ON IRISH BIRDS. lio The Long-eared Owl (Bubo Strix).—In the month of June of the year 1866 I was standing one evening on the bank of a pond, watching the trout rising to the evening flies, at about nine o’clock, when my attention was attracted by the movements of a long-eared owl flying about over the water at various distances from its surface, stopping occasionally in its flight for a second, and disappearing immediately after in the direction of some ivy-covered trees. Having seen this proceeding repeated three or four times, I lay down on the ground, to get the owl between me and the hght on its next appearance. It came back again in a moment or two, and, by watching very closely, I saw it fly at a bat, stop over it in the same manner as before, and imme- diately the bat disappeared. The owl then went off in the same direc- tion as before. This was repeated six or seven times, and once or twice I could see the bat caught very distinctly, the bird using its claws for the purpose. It then got too dark to see any more. I was aided in watching the bird by the light of a western sky behind it. I am inclined to think that the bird had a nest in the trees, and was feeding its young on the bats. It certainly could have caught nothing else over the pond, as the small birds were gone to roost long before, and the birds returned periodically after each bat was caught. The Kingfisher (Alcedo Halcyon).—I have remarked a curious cir- cumstance about the kingfisher. When sitting on a branch watching for fish it has its head drawn back upon its shoulders, but every five or six seconds, with the most perfect agility, it projects its head and neck forwards alternately, giving it half a turn to each side, and letting it fall back again on the shoulders after each movement. It has a most grotesque appearance, the long bill and large head looking too heavy for the almost tailless body, and that the bird required to rest it after the exertion of looking about. The real use may have been that the bird has a habit of using each eye alternately to examine the water. I have frequently seen it, as the birds are numerous about the place, and I have seen them out of my garden, which overhangs the river, being sometimes not more than two yards from the bird, for three or four minutes at a time; they also have nested in the bank of the garden, most regularly every year, and I have seen them feeding the young, when they had left the nest. I opened a nest on the 9th of May, 1865. It was situated in the bank of a wide drain, leading into the main river, and about three hundred yards from it; the entrance was about one foot from the surface of the ground, and the mouth of it nearly eight inches in circumference. It sloped gradually upwards towards the surface, was two feet in length, and enlarged into the shape of a globe at the end where the nest lay. I measured the length of the hole with a thin piece of wood, and took the same length on the outside, cut down about six inches beyond the measure, having pre- viously filled the extremity of the passage with cotton wadding to protect the eggs. On getting into it from behind, I came upon the cotton, and, removing it, J had in view the nest, and on it four young birds just out of the shell, and two eggs nearly hatched, of a pearly 176 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. white colour, and quite globular in shape. The inside of the cavity round the nest was quite smooth and clean, though the passage leading into it was covered with a very offensive black substance, having an abominably fishy smell., The nest was eight or nine inches in circum- ference, slightly hollowed in the centre, about 8-10ths of an inch thick, and formed of very minute fish- bones—too minute to say what part of the fish they belonged to—of a greyish-white colour. The young birds had only a few hairs scattered over them. I covered the nest again carefully, having done no damage to the passage leading into it. However, unfortunately, some of the country people destroyed it, as the place was all broken up when I came back to it a few days afterwards. One remark I may make is, that I believe it to be a fallacy respecting the way birds desert their nests if at all disturbed or even looked at when on them, as some persons state; but in this case IT have completely satisfied my mind that birds will not forsake their nests without great provocation. On one occasion I caught a kingfisher coming out of the hole, and the next day she was on the nest again; and from the nest I have been speaking about I drove the bird nearly every second day for a month before I opened it, and she was on it when I came to measure it. The kingfisher is a very wild bird, and I do not think I could have chosen a better example to bear out my statement, and I have had various others. I never saw more than one bird about any kingfisher’s nest at a time, or even in the vicinity. Mr. Montgomery stated that the fact of the long-eared owl catching bats on the wing was new to him, though such was, no doubt, the habit of the short-eared owl. As regards the general idea that birds would forsake their nests if meddlea with, he knew that their nests may be disturbed to a certain extent, and even the eggs changed, and they do not seem to mind it if they be not themselves alarmed. The Rey. Dr. Haughton had seen the owl strike arunning mouse with unerring certainty. He desired to mention a fact regarding falcons, which generally bred in isolated solitary pairs, that in the cliffs of a small island near Skye, off Lough Staftin, he had seen three falcons’ nests within a very few yards. He presumed that the abundance of food, owing to the number of rabbits, had induced them to so close proximity, for he had seen them descend from the cliffs of 1400 feet high, stooping from at least 1000 feet, and kill the rabbits. Though, of course, quite untamed, these birds would allow one to go within five feet of them, gun in hand. Dr. Macalister had also noticed the falcons in the island north of Skye extremely tame. Mr. Bradshaw stated, in reply, that though he had not shot and dissected any of the long-eared owls he had seen, in order to find the contents of the stomach, he had yet no doubt at all but that they really MACALISTER—ON THE MYOLOGY OF THE OTTER. iy, caught and made prey of the bats; on the first occasion, however, on which he shot one, he should not fail to dissect the bird, with that end in view. After which the following paper was read :— Nores on some Pornts 1n THE Myotoey oF THE OtrER. By ALEXANDER MacauistER, L.K.Q.C.P.,L. R.C.S. 1. TurovueH the kindness of Dr. Mapother, I have had the opportunity of dissecting a young Otter which died in the Zoological Gardens, Phoenix Park, and as I have noticed a few points in its anatomy which may be deserving of record, I have thought it worth bringing under the notice of the Natural History Society. The common otter has been dissected carefully by Meckel, Cuvier, Haughton, and others, and I have on a former occasion examined the anatomy of a larger individual, consequently it might be expected that nothing was to be made out in its anatomy; but I think that some of these points, which I wish to advert to, are new, or at least not gene- rally known. The first point worthy of note is the arrangement of the flexors and extensors in the digits of the manus and pes. The flexors of the former consist of a flexor digitorum sublimis, a flexor profundus, and flexor pollicis longus: of these, the first was larger than the second, and the second and third were united, but no other points worthy of note were found. The extensors of the fingers present us with a double series arising from a common musculo-tendinous origin at the external condyle. There were two muscles, the extensor digitorum communis and the extensor minimi digiti (or at least the muscle whose diminished repre~ sentative in man is known by that name): the former was inserted into the pollex, second and third digits, while the latter was extended to the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits, acting thus as a double or sup- plementary extensor. In the specimen examined by Professor Haugh- ton, it was inserted into the third, fourth, and fifth fingers; but there was a second muscle or indicator inserted into the index and middle digits. Professor Haughton does not record whether the attachment of the latter was humeral or anticubital: if the former, then I would suppose that in the specimen examined by him the secondary extensor series was differentiated completely into the two parts, while in my spe- cimen the two were completely blended in their origin. It is a point of very considerable interest to find so complete a second group of exten- sors, as in the bear the second extensor is attached to the third, fourth, and fifth fingers; in the kangaroo the same; in the rabbit to the three inner digits, and in the agouti to two inner toes. In homotypical anatomy the importance of this group is very great, for, as I have tried to show in another place, we have reason to believe that there are for the several phalanges of the fingers three separate ex- 178 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. tensors and flexors, one for each, and likewise two pair of lateralizers in the form of interossei. Now, the muscles in question afford to us a very good example— the first of the extensor tertii internodii digitorum, and the second of the extensor secundi internodii digitorum. The flexors of the pes likewise afforded some interesting arrange- ments: the flexor hallucis gave off four tendons, and was joined at its point of division by the flexor digitorum and the massa carnea accesso- rius; from this conjoined source five tendons arose, one large slip to hallux, whose fibres arose mainly from the first-named tendons to the second, third, and fourth conjoined, composed of mixed threads from the first and second, and a fifth tendon derived entirely from the first. Professor Haughton, in speaking of this muscle, says that the flexor hallucis is analogous to the flexor profundus in the hand, and that the digitorum communis was inserted into the point of junction of the ac- cessorius and flexor hallucis longus, and mentions that the tendons of this muscle were chiefly distributed to the hallux and index. In my specimen, however, scarcely any of the flexor digitorum was continued into the halluceal tendon. However, this is an important point, for as I have elsewhere showed the true cause of the constant junctions of these two muscles depends upon the altered disposition of the lower limb bones, which necessitate a crossing of the muscles, when, according to a law of vital affinity, union occurs, as it almost invariably is liable to do in similar cases. Of the other muscles, I may mention that the pyri- formis and gluteus medius are closely united; the plantaris is large and distinct; the peroneus quinti digiti is very large and separate. This muscle, I find, has been called extensor minimi digiti by Professor Haughton—a name calculated to mislead as to the affinities of the muscle, though strictly correct as far as its use is concerned, for it is truly the representative of the ulnaris quinti digiti of the forearm, the occasional continued slip of the extensor carpi ulnaris to the first pha- lanx of the little finger, and it is very often present in the leg of a man as a slip of the peroneus brevis. It differs from the extensor in not run- ning in an extensor groove, but in the same sheath as the peroneus. The true extensor minimi digiti has been thrown back three stages in its insertion, and appears as the so-called peroneus tertius, which is some- times, though rarely, continued forwards into the extensor aponeurosis of the toes in man. Among the muscles of the trunk, a large trachelo-acromial is one of the most remarkable. This muscle appears sometimes to be doubled, as Professor Haughton notices it under the name of omo-atlanticus, Nos. 1 and 2. I did not find it double in either of my specimens. This muscle is of the same type as the levator clavicule of monkeys, or the masto-humeralis of cetaceans, and is the altered upper limb homo- type of the pyriformis. ANDREWS—ON IRISH SPONGES. | 799 Mr. Andrews, though not on the programme for a Paper on this evening, claimed permission of the Meeting to make a few observations relating to Irish Sponges. He stated that he had not prepared any paper, nor did he intend to make any observations from an arranged state- ment. He was anxious, however, to have placed on record several species of rare Irish Sponges that had been noticed at the early meetings of the Society, but which had not been mentioned as Irish in Dr. Bow- erbank’s recent work on British Spongiade. Very fine specimens of Grantia nivea (Johnston), Leuconia nivea (Bowerbank), were exhibited by Dr.Scouler in May, 1844, obtained from Roundstone Bay, Connemara. The singularity of the species from that coast does not appear to have been noticed by Bowerbank, who gives no record of any Irish locality ; in Thompson the name is merely given, ‘‘ West coast of Ireland, M‘Calla.”’ Dr. Scouler at a meeting, early in 1846, gave the characteristics of Halicondria hispida. This rare species had not been obtained since it was recorded by Montagu, in the “ Wernerian Transactions,” as met with on the south coast of England, this discovery being its first record as Irish, not having been mentioned by Bowerbank as Dictyocylindrus hispidus, but no Irish locality given. At the same meeting Dr. Scouler brought to notice fine specimens of Halichondria Johnstonia. Dr. Scouler considered at the time that it presented features so different from what had hitherto been recorded, from its remarkable papillous appearance, and in the peculiarity of the pores, as to form it into a new genus—Amphitrema. It has not been recorded from the coast of Ireland by either Johnston or Thompson. It has been collected in several parts of Galway Bay; but Mr. Andrews was not aware of any other locality on the Irish coast. Dr. Bowerbank has formed it into a new genus, Pachymatisma (Pachymatisma John- stoma). A drawing was made by the late Dr. Harvey, and several characteristics of the spicula noticed, which present great variety of forms, similar to several occurring in other genera. ‘The ovaria are numerously imbedded in the structure. One of the most remarkable that had been collected in Galway and Dingle Bays was Halichondria celata (Johnston), Cliona celata (Grant), and subsequently named Raphirus Griffithsie by Bowerbank. No sponge has caused more confusion than this, whether we consider its range in deep and shallow water, its varied distribution of attachment, or the very dissimilar outline of form and structure it not unfrequently as- sumes—so much so, that H. celata of Johnston had been divided into twelve species. It still presents such anomalies that it is not impro- bable that new features may be described when its decided animality is more thoroughly investigated. It is one of those difficulties that have to be encountered in the examination of the anatomy and physiology of the sponges, for unless collected and dissected with care in the living state no true characteristics can be depended upon. Dried specimens give by no means even a correct outline of their form or mode of growth, and the more remarkable features are altogether lost—the peculiar action of 180 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. the oscula and pores—the mode of reproduction, independent of the beauty of their tints, which are altogether altered in their dried state, or in spirit preparations. Mr. Andrews frequently noticed the great alteration of character that almost suddenly takes place in marine objects, especially delicate species, when placed in spirits. Mr. Andrews regretted to find on in- quiry that the collection of sponges that had been made for the Natural History Society had been put astray or lost at the time of the confused removal of the Museum from the rooms which the Society held in Brunswick-street, and that also not more than one-third of the speci- mens are at present forthcoming in the Royal Dublin Society’s collec- tion, formed by Dr. Scouler, and which may be attributed to the same cause—the packing and stowing away when the change from the rooms and the alterations in the Museum were made. There were several unique specimens that had been collected by M‘Calla. Dr. R. H. Traquair, Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, was elected an Ordinary Member of the Society. The meeting adjourned to the first Thursday in March. THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 1868. Ropert CaLLweEt., Esq., M. R. 1. A., V. P., in the Chair. Reap—The Minutes of the preceding Meeting, which were con- firmed. The following communication, accompanying the exhibition of some eges of the Peregrine Falcon, was then read :— ON THE SECOND RECORDED INSTANCE OF THE PEREGRINE FALcon LAYING irs Kees IN CONFINEMENT. By R. J. Montcomery. In 1859 I became possessed of a Peregrine Falcon, which had been the property of Prince Duleep Singh, and had been lost by his falconer, Mr. John Barr, in 1858, she being then one year old. When I got her one wing had been injured, so-as to incapacitate her from flying. The man who brought her to me, under the impression that she was one of my hawks which had been lost, told me that he found her batthng with a rook under a hedge, and, in securing her, he hurt her wing. Finding her useless for falconry, I put her on half-pay, and into a cage in the Zoological Gardens. In April, 1864, she laid one egg, which was de- ficient in colour and deformed, being pear-shaped. It was quite soft when laid ; however, I managed to preserve it, and it is now on the table before you. Up to this period she had been fed on horse-flesh. I im- proved her diet the following winter and spring, frequently giving her the chopped-up wings and legs of a pigeon, rook, or rabbit, thereby caus- ing her to swallow a quantity of bone. ‘This had the desired effect, as in March and April, 1865, she laid two eggs, greatly improved in shape MONTGOMERY—ON THE PEREGRINE FALCON LAYINGIN CONFINEMENT. 181 and colour—one of them she unfortunately broke; the second is the curiously-marked egg on the table. It is nearly of the size and shape of the egg of the wild Peregrine, but very differently marked, being almost pure white at one end and blood-red at the other. The follow- ing spring I was beyond measure gratified by my old Falco presenting me with two beautiful eggs, one each in March and April. They are as large as the eggs taken from the nest, or rather from the rock, as the Peregrine makes no nest, and which are placed before you for compa- rison. The first of the two is nearly perfect in shape, the second quite 30, and in both the colours are most brilliant and beautiful, in that re- spect beating the eggs of the Haggard Falcon. I regret to say the poor old Falco died the day after she laid the last egg. She was always ill for some days before laying, and was nine or ten years old when she died. I have inguired in nearly every Zoological Garden in Europe, and have asked every falconer, both amateur and professional, have they ever known a Peregrinus laying an egg in captivity, and the universal reply is in the negative. The only record I can find of such an occur- rence is in St. John’s book of ‘‘ Wild Sports, &c., in Ross-shire and Su- therland,” in which he casually mentions—‘‘ A boy brought me a Peregrine Falcon which laid a number of eggs, and died. Indeed the number of species of raptorial birds which have produced eggs in capti- vity I find to be very limited. In ten years I find only one species of eagle—viz., the Tawney Hagle (Aquila neviordes)—two of vultures, the Griffon (Gyps Fulvus), and the Cinereous, V. cinereus (the egg of the latter being rare in collections), and one Owl (Strix bubo), besides my old Falco, to do so. Professor EK. Perceval Wright stated, that though he could pretend to very little experience in training or keeping Falcons, yet what ex- perience he had in rearing the beautiful Zinnunculus gracilis, which was peculiar to the Mahé Islands, certainly bore out Mr. Montgomery’s views. He recollected on one occasion, when her Majesty’s man-of-war, “‘The Star,’’ was anchored off Port Victoria, at Mahe, Captain Brad- shaw had on board two pretty little leopard cubs, just brought from Zanjibar, that were in perfect health, and they were fed on fowls. One of these cubs had been given to him, and had become a great pet, living under the verandah of his house at Mahé, and it had every evening alive fowlto eat. This it partly plucked, and then, when the sun set, it would commence to eat it, generally eating many of the smaller feathers and all the small bones. As long as it had this diet and plenty of water to drink it grew apace. But when on coming home on board the “ Ery- manthe,”’ the leopard became a pet not only with Captain Rapatel, the commandant, but also of many of the crew, and especially of the butcher : it lost its bird food, got no bones, nothing but good pieces of beef and mutton, and by the time it got to Egypt, in spite of, or perhaps on ac- count of its luxurious living, it took ill, though in a week that elapsed before reaching Marseilles it again got its old accustomed diet, and quite recovered. He had given, when passing through London, the leopard VOL. V. 2B 182 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. to the London Zoological Society’s Gardens, and when there the other day he found it had recognized him, though after the lapse of five weeks, and he put in a good word for it to the excellent superintendent (Mr. Bartlett) of the gardens to give it, now and then, the rather expensive dainty, in London, of a young fowl. Mr. J. J. Lalor believed that the system of giving a good proportion of bone in the food to carnivorous animals was due to the eminent natu- ralist, Sir Dominic Corrigan, and he thought that if Dr. Wright had presented his leopard to the Dublin Gardens it would have been in the most perfect health and condition. Mr. Montgomery said that he must himself lay claim to being the originator of the system adopted in the Dublin Gardens, and now in other places, of giving bones to carnivorous animals as part of their food. Professor EH. Perceval Wright stated that he thought Mr. Lalor made a mistake in supposing that the plan referred to by him of feeding car- nivorous and other animals in the Phoenix Park Gardens originated with the President of that Society. He had no connexion with the Dublin Gardens; but he recollected Mr. Montgomery’s speaking to him on the subject, and he further remembered discussing the subject with his friend Dr. Sclater, Secretary to the London Zoological Society, in which discussion Mr. Montgomory’s name was referred to as the originator of the plan. The Chairman wished to record that he had obtained specimens of the gannet’s eggs taken on the Bull-rock, some miles to the north of the Skillig, the latter being the only place on which the gannet has been hitherto supposed to breed. Dr. D. Moore then submitted the following REPORT ON THE LATE INTERNATIONAL BoTanicaL CONGRESS, HELD AT Parts. By Davin Moors, Pu. D., F. L.8., &e. On a former occasion I stated to this Society that I delivered the letter to the Secretary of the Botanical Congress at Paris which the President and Council of the Natural History Society of Dublin accre- dited me with, as the representative of the Society on that occasion. At that time I could not give definite information on the principal topics which were discussed during the sittings of the congress; but now I am possessed of their official report, and beg, with your permission, to read a brief epitome of them on this present occasion. The meeting, as you will perceive from the long list of names of those who attended, was a very large one, and many highly distinguished men among them. Indeed, it was supposed that on no previous occasion had so many European botanists met together. M. A. Decandolle, the celebrated veteran botanist of Geneva was president; and, along with M. Dumortier, of Paris, M. Gelesnoff, Councillor of State, St. Peters- MOORE—ON INTERNATIONAL BOTANICAL CONGRESS HELD AT PARIS. 183 burg, Dr. Nylander, the distinguished cryptogamic botanist, I had the honor to be proposed one of the vice-presidents, in which capacity I sat at all the meetings, as well as being recognised as delegate of our So- ciety. Representatives from nearly every country in Europe were present, many of whom took part in the discussions, and several of them read papers on different subjects. As you will perceive from the Report now before you, I read two—one on the Ascidia, or pitcher-bearing plants in cultivation, the other on the geographical distribution of some eri- caceous plants—which were well received. The arrangements made by the French botanists, to enable the numerous strangers present to see and learn as much as possible while they were in Paris, were admirable. The time during the days, from ten o'clock, a.m., till four o’clock, Pp. m., was spent by the members visiting in a body the International Exhibition, Fontainebleau; the herbarium of M. Cosson, Verriers; the country residence of the famous nursery and seedsman, Vilmorin, Versailles; with the gardens and nurseries of Treanon, School of Pharmacie, Jardin des Plantes, Jardin Fleuriste de la Ville de Paris, Museum of Delessert, and lastly, Mont- morency. A large number of herbaria of the plants indigenous to France and other countries were laid on the table, and also botanical drawings intended for work now in progress, &ce. Two principal topics were arranged for discussion—first, laws for regulating botanical nomenclature ; and secondly, the influence of soils on vegetation. To settle the former has long been a desideratum with botanists, as well as florists. The learned president, M. A. De Candolle, had, previous to the meeting, prepared a series of propositions to be brought before the members on the laws of nomenclature. They were printed and handed to each person present, which enabled all to under- stand that under discussion. They were taken serzvatvm, and either adopted as they stood, or altered according to the views of the majority of the members present. The subjects to be discussed in botanical nomenclature were divided into chapters—first, on the manner and designs of nature in the subordination of groups which compose the vegetable kingdom, viz., classes, sub-classes, cohort, sub-cohort, order, sub-order, tribe, sub-tribe, genus, sub-genus, section, sub-section, species, sub-species, variety, sub-variety, variation, sub-variation. These were all observed on separately. Also the groups which arise from hybridi- zation and spontaneous sporting, the priority of generic names of plants, and cited by publishing botanists, &c., led to animated discussions among the botanists from different countries. The observations made on the influence of soils on vegetation cannot fail to be useful to horticulturists as well as agriculturists. M. Wedell, the botanist and traveller, laid before the meeting por- tions of the first consignment of cinchona barks which had reached Europe of Indian growth. They were considered fully equal to the samples from Peru; and so far as they had been chemically analyzed, they yielded a larger quantity of cinchonia and quina than South Ame- rican samples yielded. 184 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Dr. D. Moore, F. L. 8., read the following Obituary Notice of the late Admiral Jones, F. L.8., F. G.S., accompanying the presentation of a further Fasciculus of Irish Lichens, i in continuation of the series already given by him to the Society :— ‘‘ T have been requested by W. T. Jones, Esq., nephew and executor of our late esteemed and distinguished member, Admiral Jones, to pre- sent a Fifth Fasciculus of Irish Lichens, in continuation of the series al- ready given to the Society by him. The four Fasciculi which were previously presented, during the two preceding Sessions, are in the pos- session of the Society, and that now on the table has been made up since the first presentation. The last conversation I had with the late Admiral was concerning this donation, when he told me he intended to accompany the Fasciculus with a paper on Irish Lichens, containing all the additions of species and corrections in nomenclature up to the present time. This intention, alas! he did not live to realize, His nephew has, however, done all he could to carry out the wishes of his uncle, by requesting me to present these Lichens this evening. The value of such a complete collection of those interesting plants to a society like this, which has among its principal objects the training up of a race of young naturalists, and of affording facilities to those who are studying Trish botany and zoology, must be obvious. With the exception of the collection of Mr. Carroll, of Cork, this is the most complete collection of Irish Lichens extant, The accompanying catalogues, referring to the fascicul, are all written up correctly, and render the plants available for study. ‘‘ Tt has been our custom to make mention of the deaths of our mem- bers when they occurred, and I trust it will not be considered out of place to make a brief allusion to that of our distinguished member, whom we allso much regret. By reference to ‘O’Brien’s Naval Biography,’ I find it stated that the late Admiral Theophilus Jones, born 1790, was second son to the Rey. J. Jones, of Merrion-square, Dublin, rector of Urney, in the county Derry, grandson of the Right Hon. Theophilus Jones, M. P., who married a daughter of the Earl of Tyrone. He en- tered the navy on the Ist of June, 1803, as first-class volunteer, on board the ‘Melpomene’ frigate, and in the course of the following year was twice engaged, as midshipman at the bombardment of Havre. In 1805 he removed to the ‘ Euryalis’ 36-gun frigate, and was on board the ‘ Ajax’ in 1807, when that ship took fire and blew up near Tenedos. He being then received into the ‘ Endymion,’ 40 guns, he served at the forcing of the passage of the Dardanelles; after which, on his return to England, May, 1808, he joined the ‘ Warspite,’ 74 guns, and was em- ployed in the North Sea, Channel, and Mediterranean until 1810, when he shared in a gallant action with the Toulon fieet. In February, 1815, on his arrival from the Cape of Good Hope, in the ‘ Dolphin,’ Mr. Jones found he had been promoted to the rank of commander. On the 12th May, 1827, he obtained the captaincy of the ‘ Prince Regent,’ 120 guns. Hie obtained his rank of admiral in 1858. During a considerable num- MOORE—OBITUARY NOTICE OF THE LATE ADMIRAL JONES. 185 ber of years the late Admiral Jones was member of Parliament for the county Londonderry. ‘“‘ Such is a brief réswmé of the official and public career of our late gallant member. But in presenting this, his last donation, it may be supposed I shall make some allusion to his ‘scientific life. This can be done in very few words. In the first place, his collections are extant— a monument of his ability and industry; and secondly, those who had the pleasure of his acquaintance understand how indefatigably he worked at his favourite branch of botany, the lichens, even up to the day of his death. He was one who did not rely on the characters of plants, though described by eminent botanists, without examining for himself, and making original observations on them, which circumstance enhances the value of his collection, because of so many of those original notes. From what has already been stated of his birth and death, it will be seen he was in his seventy-eighth year when he died—an age at which the few who attain it lose much or nearly all their mental energy. This was not, however, the case with Admiral Jones, who, up to the day before his death, if not on that very day, was working with his microscope at lichens, probably on some of those which are now presented to you. ‘“‘ A brief relation of the following circumstance will show the wonder- ful endurance of his bodily constitution. As was his custom, he made occasional tours to the Highlands of Scotland in search of his favourite plants, where he climbed to the tops of the highest mountains, generally unaccompanied. On one of these tours, only six years ago, he ascended one of the highest mountains in Aberdeenshire, which became covered with mist when he was near the top, and prevented him from finding the proper way to descend. Endeavouring to do so, he got down a gully between two rocks, where a rivulet ran during rains. The de- scent was rapid, and he lost his footing on the side of the gully, and was sliding down the wet bank with great rapidity, when, with much presence of mind, he struck the chisel with which he took off the lichens from the rocks into the side of the bank. The instrument, fortunately for him, hit a narrow chink in a rock, which stopped the velocity with which he was sliding, and enabled him to hold on after one of his feet had reached over a precipice from seventy to eighty feet deep. He felt his Imminent danger, and knew that the least slip would be the cause of precipitating him over the ledge of the rocks. He was therefore un- able to move, and in this predicament he lay on his back, holding on with one hand, while the water of the rivulet was running under his body, and the rain pouring on him part of the time (two nights and the best part of three days), without being able to turn himself, or get any sustenance whatever, for he never carried either food or drink with him when out on those long and fatiguing excursions. He was at last rescued by the people of the parish turning out en masse, with their minister at their head, in search of him. Not dismayed by what had befallen him, three years later he again ascended one of the highest mountains in Scotland, Ben Lawers, in Perthshire. ‘To show the estimation in which the late Admiral Jones was held 186 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. by foreign botanists, who could best appreciate the value of his scienti- fic researches, I shall give a free translation of part of a letter I received lately from Dr. Nylander, who is universally acknowledged to be the first authority in Europe on lichens. He, speaking of the decease of the late Adiniral, states—‘I had great pleasure to be so long in correspon- dence with him, and to exchange my ideas with his. I esteemed and loved him above all I have been in correspondence with, for his noble character, and for his conscientious desire to be precise in his observa- tions. Among those who have occupied themselves with lichens in the British Isles he was evidently the first. I regret his death hardly less than if he had been my father, and with tears in my eyes I write these lines.’ During the earlier years of life, Admiral Jones studied geology - and paleontology more than botany, and made good collections in Irish fossils, which will also be retained in this country. In concluding this brief memoir, in order to show how strong the dominant propensity for natural science was with him, I may simply state a fact well known to his friends, which is, that during his parliamentary career he annually carried his collections to London, and studied them there when he was not engaged in the House or on Committees.” Mr. Lalor moved, and Mr. Moore seconded, a special vote of thanks to Walter T. Jones, Esq., for his kindness in carrying out the views of the late Admiral Jones, in presenting to the Society the fifth fasciculus of Irish lichens to-night laid on the table. The meeting then adjourned. THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 2, 1868. Davin Moors, Ph. D., F. L. 8., M. R. I. A., in the Chair. Read, the Minutes of the preceding Meeting, which were signed. After which was read the following Paper :— Norrs oN THE Pytoric APPENDAGES OF THE Common Trout. By ALEXANDER MACALIsTER. Ir we examine the animal series from below upwards, we will find that, whenever any new organ is brought into being, its first appearance is usually only a rudiment of the condition which it attains in the higher and more developed forms of life; and in this respect we can trace a similarity between the life history of any individual and the life history of the race; for, in the embryo, organs are invariably originated in simple forms, and, by undergoing changes in complexity, gradually at- tain to their adult conformation. Thus in the pyloric appendages of the fish we find the first trace of a glandular appendix to the pylorus and duodenum, which reaches its perfection in the form of the pancreas of the higher fishes; and, as these organs in some of our common fishes present us with some little variety, it may be interesting to trace them in a few of the most familiar individuals of the class. The common Trout exhibits them in a very characteristic form. In this fish the MACALISTER—-ON PYLORIC APPENDAGES OF THE COMMON TROUT. 187 stomach, as is well known, is bent into the form of an acute angle, and towards the intestine becomes thick and muscular, with a rugous mucous membrane, and with a bilaminar muscular coat. In the common Trout this does not form a special organ, but in the Gillaroo it constitutes a regular gizzard. The pyloric constriction is narrow, and has a well- defined sphincter; and below this commences the intestine, which is thicker above than inferiorly. On its lining membrane, which is in- _vested with cylinder epithelium, there are the openings of a large num- ber of pyloric ceeca—small round orifices, arranged irregularly, some quincuncially but usually with no definite order of arrangement. from three inches and a half to half an inch in length, are cylindrical, These czeca vary and end in blunted extremities. These are usually arranged in two clusters—an anterior set, five in number, directed towards the front or inferior surface of the flexure of the stomach; these are long and large, united together by folds of omental tissue contain- ing blood-vessels: the second series is much the larger in number, and consists of from twenty-nine to thirty-nine ceca, placed nearly parallel, and directed to the left side, in a double row, longest near to the pylorus, but narrowing towards the lower part of the duodenum: at the former end they attain the length of an inch and a half to three inches; at the latter, halfaninch. These are closely united together and to the intestine by an areolar web, and exhibit many blood-vessels. When each of these ceca is examined, it is found to consist of a hollow, rather thick-walled tube, thicker in coats at the fundus than the middle, and narrowing in calibre to the neck. When carefully examined, one of these ceca appears to consist of the following layers :—First, an ex- ternal areolar or serous lamina, covered with a ciliated tesselated epi- thelium; secondly, a fibrous and muscular coat, consisting of circular fibres ; thirdly, a submucous, which is very vascular, and underlies a thick layer of glandular or spheroidal epithelium: the fluid secreted by it is viscid, alkaline, and mucous; the epithelial layer is much thicker at the fundus than at the sides of the tube. This forms the simplest form of a true secreting gland—a cecal unbranched follicle of large size. Ina tube of this size one might expect to find racemose crypts communicating with the central canal, but I could see no trace of any apparatus but the very simplest, i. e. a series of large single czeca. The secretion of these follicles was alkaline, dense, tenacious, and exhibited needle- shaped crystals, resembling tyrosin. When we trace through the class of fishes these appendages, we find a very great variety of development, indicating that their uses are not constantly required in the exigencies of fish digestion. In Amphioxus and Myxine they are absent, as likewise they are in the Sole and Stic- kleback among higher fishes. A rudiment exists in Anarrhicus lupus. In the Halibut there is one, according to Bloch and Cuvier. Swammer- dam, however, figures and describes four, in his ‘‘ Obs. Anat. Coll. pri- vato Amstelod.,” tom. i1., p. 47, and Tab. 11. f. 1. Polyacanthus pos- sesses two, as also in the Plaice and Turbot. The Anabas scandens possesses three, as likewise does the common Perch; four in Cottus gobio ; five in Trigla cuculis ; six in Cottus quadricornis and Platyce- 188 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. phalus, and in Trigla aspera ; seven in Mugil; eight in Trigla hirudo ; ten in Acanthurus chirurgus, and more numerous in the Herring, Trout, Coryphena, and Salmon. In the Cod they rise one step in complexity, and branch, as they do likewise in the Haddock and Mer- lan. In the Swordfish and Xiphias this branching is carried to a greater degree, and the ramifying ceca are united by lax areolar tissue, so as to make a solid glandular organ: these ceca open by two ducts into the duodenum. The nature of this structure, which has been de- scribed by Rosenthal,* and by Schellhammer,} was correctly stated by Redi, who describes it as a pancreas. In Acipenser it has three ducts, and iseven more solid than in Xiphias, while in the true Sharks it be- comes firm, glandular, and typical. THURSDAY, MAY 7, 1868. Read the minutes of previous meeting, which were signed. Rogpert CatweEtt, Esq., M. R.I. A., in the chair. A paper was then read, of which the following is an abstract :— On THE CRANIUM OF PSETTODES, AND ON A CASE OF Duplex Matrorma- TION IN PuatEssa FLESUS. By R. H. Traqvarr, M. D., Professor of Zoology, Royal College of Science, for Ireland. THE Professor pointed out that in Psettodes erumei, from the Indian seas, the greater part of the external boundary of the orbit con- taining the eye of the blind side is formed, not by a bone of the cranium proper, but by an intercalated suborbital. Psettodes is remarkable as being the most symmetrical genus of flat fishes as yet known—the upper eye, or eye of the blind side, being situated nearly on the top of the head, while the dorsal fin stops short a little before the posterior margin of the orbit. Dr. Traquair next described a remarkable case of arrested development occurring in Pleuronectes flesus, the common flounder. Malformed Pleurcnectide are common enough, in which the passage of the eye of the blind side has become arrested when it has reached the middle line of the top of the head, the anterior ray of the dorsal fin projecting then above the eye on a pointed process. But in this remarkable case the eye in question still remained on its own side, though placed on a higher level than its fellow. In consequence of this arrest of development, the bones of the frontal region of the skull differed considerably from those of the normal flounder, and resembled more those of the symmetrical fish, the interocular bar of the cranium being comparatively broad, nearly straight, and formed by processes from both frontal bones. No special bony orbit was formed to contain the eye thus arrested in its transit, showing that the closing in of this orbit is a secondary phenomenon consequent on the distortion of the * “ Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Anat. Phys. u. Path. 1824,’ p. 79. t ‘* Anat. Xiphiz,” Hamburgh, p. 13. <4 a FRAZER—ON DISTRIBUTION OF ISOCARDIA ALONG THE IRISH COAST. 189 head by the passage over of the eye of the blind side. In connexion with the question as to whether the anomalous position of the front end of the dorsal fin in relation to the eyes and the original middle line of the top of the whole head, is to be in any way explained by a passage forwards of the fin, during development, Professor Traquair exhibited a young turbot three-eighths ofan inch in length. This little fish was almost perfectly symmetrical, each side retaining its own eye, the right one, however, being a very little higher up than its neighbour, and the middle line of the top of the head being very shghtly convex towards the left side. In this specimen the dorsal fin, though advanced on the occipital part of the head, stopped short considerably behind the orbital region, while in the adult it 1s known to extend nearly to the end of the snout. The following communication was then read :— On THE DistRIBUTION oF IsocARDIA CoR ALONG THE IRisH Coast, wITH ReEcorD oF i1Ts Discovery In Duncarvan Bay sy Joun Goon, Esq. By Dr. Wittram Frazer, M. R.I. A., &. Owine to the kindness of John Good, Esq., I have obtained, and now exhibit, a specimen of Jsocardia cor from the recently discovered locality in Dungarvan Bay. I requested Mr. Good to give a brief statement of the distribution of this interesting Irish shell along our coast, and from his letter the following deductions can be made :——There are three principal centres where the Isocardia is now ascertained to exist: the north, or Carlingford habit, which is long known—the central or Kish Bank, discovered by the late Robert Ball—and the southern, Dungarvan Bay, which Mr. Good’s trawlers have explored for three or four years past, and where the existence of this shell was first ascertained by him. Scattered outliers of these localities afford- ing isolated shells are described in works on natural history. Thus, to the north, isolated specimens have been dredged so far up as Macgilligan, and off the Coplands, at the mouth of Belfast harbour, From the central habitat a few scattered individuals have occurred in Dublin Bay; and to the south they have been dredged in Cork harbour, and even from the entrance to Bantry Bay. Still the shell is rare, and its occurrence in its best ascertained localities far from frequent. Thus Mr. Good finds that during the trawling season of three or four weeks at Dungarvan, about eight or ten specimens are the average number obtainable. He says—‘‘ The new locality from which the Oxhorn cockle (Lsocardia cor) has been obtained is Dungarvan Bay; depth of water, twenty-five fathoms, and clay bottom. Within the last four years our Dublin trawlers fished a little closer into the bay than usual, and then, for the first time, found the Oxhorn cockle and the Norway lobster, the depth of water and the nature of the sea bottom agreeing very closely with the northern district, where they have been so long known, and where they have a much wider range. At Carlingford I VOL. Vv. 2¢ 190 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. should say their habitat extends about twenty miles along the coast, which lies between St. John’s Point and Carlingford Lough. The clay bottom in this district extends seawards to a depth of forty fathoms.” Mr. Good invariably finds the animal living on the peculiar blueish clay described, sunk about two-thirds of its lower valve in the mud, and wherever it abounds the Norway lobster also flourishes. JI am happy to submit Mr. Good’s interesting observations to the Society; they enable us to understand the distribution of the shell along our eastern coast, and, by connecting its discovery with a peculiar sea bottom of dense blueish clay, they throw much light on its habits. The meeting then adjourned to the first Thursday in June. THURSDAY, JUNE 4, 1868. Dr. W. Frazer, M.R.I.A., in the chair. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and signed. The following paper was read :— ADDENDA TO BririsH AnD IrisH Musconoey. By Davip Moors, Pu. D., F.L.S., M.R.TA. Havine endeavoured during a number of years consecutively to record the several species added to our list of Irish Mosses and Hepatice, according as they from time to time became known to us, and also new habitats for the rarer kinds of those plants, I have again to offer a few notes on this subject to the Society. The first species I shall bring before your notice is a very interesting discovery to the British and Irish Flora—viz., Grimmia gigantea, Schimper (Barbula recurvifolia, Mitten.) I collected specimens of this moss in a barren state a good many years ago, somewhere in the west of Ireland, and sent them at the time both to Mr. Wilson and to Mr. | Mitten for their opinion relative to the plant. In reply, the former gentleman stated as follows:—‘‘ Probably a Grimmia nearly allied to Grimnmua gigantea.” The latter considered it to be Barbula recurvifolia. In this state of uncertainty the matter rested until lately, when the Irish plant has been found to be truly Schimper’s Grimmia gigantea. In the interval the remainder of the specimens, which were not dis- tributed at first, have been lost, and I cannot now state with certainty where they were collected. However, the contents of the letter which I shall now read to you testifies to the correctness of the statement I have made regarding this plant having been discovered by me in Ire- land :— ‘“* Manchester, 1st August, 1867. ‘(My pEAR Str—I am quite certain that you really have found Grimmia gigantea (Schr.) in Ireland! Wilson mentioned some time ago MOORE—ADDENDA TO BRITISH AND IRISH MUSCOLOGY. 191 that it possibly grew, I think he said, in the county Clare, and I thought then that he knew it did, and put you down as the fortunate discoverer. However, I heard the other day from Mr. Davies—‘‘I think Mitten’s Barbula recurvifolia, found by D. Moore in Ireland (my specimens are three inches long), I got at a cascade in the Vallais, Switzerland.” It is a splendid plant, always barren, and grows always by cascades. I have often searched, expecting it in Britain, but never succeeded in finding it. Mitten’s Barbdula recurvifolia is Schimper’s Grimmia Gigantea. Schimper’s Barbula recurvifolia is a very different thing. I found the latter abundant in Yorkshire; this year barren. You shall have the mosses you want as soon as I can get them out of my drying paper. ‘Yours very truly, ‘‘GrorceE Epwarp Hunt.” I have, secondly, to notice a species of Sphagnum new to the Irish Flora, and, so far as I am aware of at present, it has not yet been re- corded as British—namely, Sphagnum rigidum, var. compactum. In general appearance this plant has much resemblance to Sphagnum compactum, but differing from it, by the former having the cellular utricles well marked with strong spiral strie. It was collected by me, without fruit, during the month of December, 1866, in bogs near Kyle- more, Connemara. I have examples of the same species, sent by Dr. Schimper, who collected them in turfy bogs at the Vosges, France. The following are additional habitats for rare species : — Bartramia rigida, Bals et Notaris—This rare and pretty little species of Bartramia, which hitherto has only been known to grow in one or two places of the south-west of Ireland, was collected by me on the microscopical excursion party, in good condition, on the 17th of last May, growing on wet rocks, between the Wooden-Bridge and Arklow, county Wicklow. Hypnum Kneiffir, Schimper—Very large and fine, but without fruit, in marshy hollows among the sand hills, on the coast of Wicklow, near Mizen Head. Hypnum elodes, Spruce—The same habitat with the last, but not in fruit; May, 1868. Oligotrichum hercynicum, De Candolle—This plant, which has only been once before collected in Ireland, by Professor Dickie, late of the Queen’s College, Belfast, was found in some quantity growing on damp clay banks by the roadside, between Wooden-Bridge and Arklow, on the microscopical excursion party, on 17th of last May. Petalophyllum Ralfsi, Gottsche, Jungermannia Ralfsit, Wilson. Only one habitat has hitherto been recorded in Ireland for this rare plant—- _ viz., wet hollows among the sand hills on the coast between Malahide and Portrane. It has lately been discovered in some quantity growing on wet spots near the North Bull, by Mr. D. Orr, who brought plants into the Botanic Gardens, which are fruiting at this present time. 192 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. _ I have, lastly, to call your attention to a curious state of the pretty little fern, Botrychium vulgare. This plant has the ordinary fronds, and fruit-bearing fronds normally separate from each other, but-in this case it will be seen that there are several spore-cases on the back of one of the divisions of the lower pinnee of the ordinary frond; thus showing a tendency to revert to the typical state of most species of ferns, which bear their fruit on the backs of the pinnules of the fronds. After which was read a continuation of a paper on “‘ Some New and Little-known Fresh-water Rhizopoda,” by William Archer. As certain drawings illustrative of the new forms are not yet complete, and some of the animals must be refound for that purpose, Mr. Archer would defer publishing his paper for the present, hoping to be able to do so in extenso in next Part of the Society’s ‘‘ Proceedings.” The following paper was read : — Norr on a PEcuLIAR Cyst-L1ke StRucTURE, ENCLOSING ExaMPLEs oF STAURASTRUM CUSPIDATUM (BREB.), AND OTHER MINUTE ALc@. By Wiritam ARCHER. | | I raxe the opportunity to show some sketches illustrative of a peculiar kind of cyst enveloping either a single or sometimes two examples of Staurastrum cuspidatum (Bréb.), which I have lately encountered. This very remarkable-looking production is usually of a definite figure, with yellowish-green contents, and a thick wall. Thus these two organisms, one inside the other, present a somewhat surprising ap- pearance. . The most usual form of the outer inclosing cell is that of a de- pressed or very short prism, the wall rather thick, and each of the angles somewhat drawn out, and thickened into a more or less prominent tubercle. A variety of forms of this investing cellular structure, how- ever, occur, such as polyhedral, semicircular, &c.; but in all instances the margins thickened more or less, and the angles tuberculated. Inside the prismatic cells, the Staurastrum mostly stands vertically ; when there are two individuals contained, they mostly stand one above the other in a direct line, then often seemingly as if just after self-division, inas- much as the inner segments frequently appear smaller than those above and below. In the triangular cysts the Staurastrum mostly stands with its angles directed towards the angles of the former, with usually but a litte space between the ends of the Staurastrum, above and below, and the inner surface of the cyst. Not unfrequently, however, this regular position is disturbed, and this especially in those external cells of an indefinite figure. When first taken, the contained Staurastra seemed to present their ordinary green appearance, but in many of the specimens, after being kept for a little, they became more or less brown and dead-looking. One distinct entity thus right in the middle of another—in fact com- pletely invested thereby, and seeming both of vegetable nature—together j ARCHER—ON A CYST-LIKE STRUCTURE, ENCLOSING STAURASTRA. 193 present a somewhat startling appearance, nor, unfortunately, can as yet any light be thrown on the mystery as to how this phenomenon occurs. It is worthy of note that the gathering abounded with multitudes of this species of Staurastrum, with many instances of conjugation, show- ing the characteristic zygospore of this, in itself, not uncommon spe- cies, though not seemingly frequently to be found conjugated. It is, however, not very uncommon to find certain Desmidies (espe- cially of the genus Euastrum—for instance, 4. oblongum or E. didelta), completely enclosed in an elliptic or indefinitely shaped coat, which is smooth, without angles or tuberculations, and with colourless granular contents, the included desmid seemingly always effete and dead. Occa- sionally one sees more than one (even three or four) enclosed in such a ‘‘ cyst,’”’ or even sometimes two distinct species soincluded. It is also to be seen in other genera, such as Cosmarium and Staurastrum. Yet, though this phenomenon does not seem to be very uncommon, it is not apparently noticed in any published work. But to say that the more definite and striking form now aren atten- tion to seems to be possibly the same kind of thing, is by no means an explanation. The present, indeed, differs in having a definite and marked figure, the wall thickened at the angles, and the contents decidedly of a green colour. In fact, a priors they might (at first glance, and before one catches sight of the always present Staurastrum) be taken for a distinct and rather large form of unicellular alga appertaining to Nageli’s genus Polyedrium. The only seemingly possible assumption in perhaps both these cases appears to be that these problematic organisms are of a parasitic nature, not living simply upon the surface or inhabiting the interior of the plant attacked, but surrounding and completely investing it. In one instance one of these triangular productions contained, besides the Stau- rastrum, two half-joints of Hyalotheca dissihens, thus pointing to a kind of swallowing up, so to say, of the included alge (Desmidiew) during the formation or growth of this singular organism. A question might arise—Could they possibly be beings of rhizopodous nature, whose food consisted of the Staurastra, and themselves passing through an encysted condition ?—that is, could they really be organisms at all comparable, for instance, to Cienkowski’s Vampyrella?* Itis very unfortunate that ‘Ican communicate nothing of the development of the production now drawn attention to; but opposed to the foregoing view in the forms just now brought forward would seem to be the definite figure, mostly trian- gular and prismatic, the ribbed margins and swollen angles, and the greenish contents, It may not be here superfluous to observe that this production is by no means the same thing as that to which I have previously elsewhere adverted.| They are indeed perfectly distinct things, though with some * “ Avchiv fur mikroskopische Anatomie,” p. 223. ft “* Quarterly Journal of Micros. Science,” vol. xv., p. 176. 194 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. outward resemblance; but I shall not dilate upon their differences here. Perhaps I may have an opportunity some time or other to publish a figure of this remarkable-looking condition; but if meantime any other observer should encounter the same thing, or should this crude note cause a look out to be directed to its recurrence in other localities, my immediate object will have been accomplished. The meeting then adjourned for the recess until November. SESSION, 1868-69. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, November 5, 1868. RoyAu Irish ACADEMY HousE, DAWSON-STREET. Ropert CatiweE tt, Esq., M.R.I.A., Vice-President, in the Chair. Tue Minutes of the preceding Meeting, being those of the concluding Meeting of the last Session, were read and confirmed. The Ballot was then opened for the President, Vice-Presidents, Council, and Officers for the ensuing year. Mr. Arcuer, one of the Honorary Secretaries, then read the follow- ing Report from the retiring Council :— “With the revolution of another year, as heretofore, it devolves on your outgoing Council to say a few words on the condition and doings of the Society, previous to relinquishing the trust which they have held, and previous to its being again confided to the Council for the coming Session; and in so doing a few words will suffice, so uniform is the cur- rent of the Society’s affairs. The numerical strength of the Society has suffered a diminution last Session, inasmuch as but five ordinary and two Corresponding Members were added, whilst the retirements of ordi- nary Members have been seven. The Society has to lament the loss of three of its Members by death; these were—Mr. F. Codd, Admiral T. Jones, and Captain Norton. Of these, Mr. Codd and Captain Norton, though well known and respected in many circles, seldom visited our Meetings, but by their patronage and support they lent a welcome assistance to our Society. Of the late Admiral Jones, a brief biogra- phical memoir, by Dr. D. Moore, has been already brought before the Society ; and your Council cannot but take this opportunity in this Report to express their sense of the loss to science and to this Society by the removal of this most amiable gentleman, as well as ardent and accomplished cultivator of the botanical field. ‘Admiral Jones’s very valuable gift to this Society of five large fasciculi of Irish Lichens, not to speak of his very extensive general collection, will ever remain a monument of his industry, and a memento of the good will to this Society of one who, worthy of the highest rank in the scientific world, sought neither gain nor fame from his labours ; of one who was richly endowed with those qualities which well befit a naturalist—patience, industry, energy, ardour, truthfulness, self-devo- tion, single-mindedness. 2 p* - 196 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. ‘Tt was a real enjoyment to step into his study, and see him hard at work dissecting, preparing, mounting; examining the sometimes not very tractable specimens of his favourite order, the Lichens; content the while to allow others to bring forward the results of his investigations. With the liberality of a true naturalist, his books and specimens were ever open to those who took an interest in them; with the zeal of a true naturalist, he counted no labour or exertion too great in the cause of his favourite science; with the self-devotion and single-mindedness of a true naturalist, he cultivated his science, regardless of personal glorifi- cation, content to study nature for the love he bore to nature. ‘‘The papers read during the Session have been fifteen in number; eleven Zoological, and four Botanical. ‘‘The Zoological were as follows: — ‘<* Record of Flying Fish having been observed off the South Coast, in August, 1867,’ by Mr. A. HE. Graves. ‘“<«On the Occurrence of the Broad Tapeworm (Bothriocephalus latus) in Ireland, and its claim to admission to the British Fauna,’ by Dr. W. Frazer. ‘©¢Qn aremarkable Change of Colour in a Hen,’ by Dr. R. M‘Don- nell. ‘“¢Qn some Palliobrachial Shells from the Irish Atlantic,’ by Prof. William King. “¢« Notes on some of our Irish Birds,’ by Mr. B. Bradshaw. ‘Notes on the Myology of the Otter (Lutra vulgaris),’ by Dr. A. Macalister. ««¢ Remarks on certain Rare Irish Sponges not mentioned in Dr. Bow- erbank’s Work,’ by Mr. W. Andrews. ““¢Qn the Second known Instance of the Peregrine Falcon laying Eggs in Confinement,’ by Mr. R. J. Montgomery. “©¢ On Trichina Spiralis,’ by Dr. R. M‘Donnell. “¢Notes on the Stomach of the Common Trout,’ by Dr. A. Maca- lister. ‘‘¢Qn the Cranium of Psettodes, and on a case of Duplex Malforma- tion in Platessa flesus,’ by Dr. R. H. Traquair. ‘¢¢On the Distribution of Lsocordia Cor,’ by Dr. W. Frazer. ‘<¢ Description of a New Genus and Species in the Rhizopoda,’ by William Archer. ‘“« The Botanical were :— ««¢ A Report on the late International Botanical Congress at Paris,’ by Dr. D. Moore. - ‘«¢ Further Addenda to Irish Muscology,’ by Dr. D. Moore. ‘¢¢ Note on a peculiar Encysted State of certain Desmidiz, especially of Staurastrum cuspidatum (Bréb.),’ by William Archer. ‘“«¢ An Obituary of the late Admiral T. Jones’ was likewise read by Dr. D. Moore. 7 REPORT OF COUNCIL. 197 ‘‘ Unforeseen delays have occurred in bringing out the last two parts of the ‘ Journal,’ owing to exceptional circumstances, a delay which, it * is hoped, may not again occur. The matter is now in the printer’s hands, and will be got ready as soon as it is possible to bring it through the press. ‘‘ There have been a considerable number of the Journals of English and Foreign Societies received during the year, and added to those re- ceived since the commencement of an interchange with other Societies, forming a mass of interesting and valuable information on a variety of subjects in Natural Science. ‘** The zeal and assiduity of our Continental friends is well evidenced by the amount of matter produced. Shall we here even emulate them ? Let us at least thank them not only for their example, but also for their readily sharing with us so much of the fruits of their assiduous labours as are contained in the publications with which they favour us. The Members will bear in mind that any parts or numbers of these are at command by communicating with Mr. Archer. ‘The state of the fuads will be seen to be satisfactory, from the Treasurer’s Report. ‘To the Council of the Royal Irish Academy the best thanks of the Society are due, for the continued favour of meeting at the Academy House, in this suitable apartment. ‘‘ Tt will thus be seen that the Society is not inactive; but, though some work has been done, much remains to do. Your Council think they see their way clearly to being able to expend a sum sufficient to produce seven or eight Plates in each year, which it is believed would induce some communications to come to us that otherwise might be sent to other quarters. Your Council would impress upon the Mem- bers that thus will be best maintained the status of the Society, and thus its continued prosperity be insured; for by the scientific world at large its usefulness will be measured by the amount of work accom- plished.” The foregoing Report was adopted. The Treasurer (Mr. A. Andrews) then read his report, showing a favourable balance. Mr. Porte and Dr. E. P. Wright were appointed Auditors to examine the Accounts. The Scrutineers then reported the result of the Ballot as follows :— PRESIDENT. Alexander Carte, M. D., F.L.8., M. RD A. VicE-PRESIDENTS. John Barker, M.D., M. R.I. A., F.R.G.S.1.; Wm. Andrews, M. R. I. A., F.R. G.S. I. Robert Callwell, M.R. 1. A., V.P.R.G.S. Richard Palmer Williams, M.R.J.A., F. ) b) ite REG, Se E. 198 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. CouNcIL. Charles P. Croker, M. D., M. R.I. A. ; George Dixon, F. R.G.S. 1. ; John Good, F.R.G.S.I.; A. H. Jacob, M. D.; John J. Lalor, F. R.G. 8.1L; Alexander Macalister, L. K.Q.C.P.,L.R.C.S. L; David Moore, Ph. D., M.R. I. A. ; Rev. Thaddeus O’Mahony, M. A., M.R.I.A.; George Porte, M. R.I.A.; E. Perceval Wright, M. D., F.R.C.S.1., F. LS. ; Robert Ball, M. A.; A. W. Foot, M. D.; William Frazer, M. D. Honorary TREASURER. Arthur Andrews. Honorary Director oF Museum. W. B. Brownrigg, A. M., Ex-Sch., T. C. D. Hon. SECRETARIES. Robert M‘Donnell M. D., F.R.S.; and William Archer. A vote of thanks to Lord Clermont for presiding over the Society during the last Session was passed unanimously. DECEMBER 3, 1868. Davip Moors, Ph. D., M. R. I. A., F. L. S., in the Chair. THE Minutes of the preceding Meeting were read and confirmed. Dr. Watter G. Suitx read the following Notes :— On tHE Discovery or Cuscuta TRIFoLit In IRELAND. I wisH to show to the Society this evening a specimen of the Cuscuta Trifolii, or Clover Dodder, which I gathered at Shankill on the 27th of September last, and again on the 4th of October. Some interest attaches to this plant, for hitherto no locality for it has been certainly known in Ireland. Dr. Threlkeld, in his “ Flora of 1726,”’ makes an allusion to the Greater Dodder, as growing in great plenty on the dry, sandy banks near the Maiden Tower, Drogheda; and Dr. Moore tells me that no Irish specimens of this species are known, but that Dr. Mackay, nearly forty years ago, used to speak. of its having been found growing on furze on the south side of Killiney Hill. The precise spot in which I gathered it is a small field, close by the railroad, belonging to a house called Clifton Lodge, about halfway between Ballybrack Station and the junction of the Harcourt-street and Westland-row lines of rail. It was to be seen in small patches for a space of about twenty yards, twelve or thirteen paces from the railway bank, fastened on Lotus cor- niculatus, Linum catharticum, and Daucus carota; and the delicate FOOT—DISSECTION OF AN AYLESBURY DUCK. 199 clusters of pinkish-white flowers, contrasting with its red filiform stem, were what first attracted attention. The field in which it grows has not been recently planted or turned up, though there are indications of old furrows in parts of it ; and the gentleman who takes the place every summer assures me that when his family first occupied it, thirteen years ago, that field was then hard, and presented the same appearance as at the present time. A few yards behind there are some furze bushes, and two fields distant there is a small crop of clover, but in neither case could I find any trace of the parasite. So limited is the occurrence of the plant, even in this single field, that itis to be feared that unless new habitats are ascertained it will speedily become extinct, and it is not improbable that the specimen you see before you is one of the few sur- vivors of a former colony, which is verging to extinction. Mr. A. G. More observed that he had lately sought carefully for this plant near the Maiden Tower, Drogheda, but in vain. Dr. A. W. Foot read the following Paper :— On Some Points OBSERVED IN THE DISSECTION OF AN AYLESBURY Ducx. Own the 14th of June, 1867, I examined the body of a very fine two- year-old Aylesbury drake for Mr. Richard Williams, for the purpose of ascertaining the cause of its death. While skinning it in the usual] manner, I remarked the external thoracic veins to be numerous, and congested with black blood; the sac of the pericardium, or membrane surrounding the heart, contained a quantity of semi-solidified fibrine, of a dirty-brown colour, adhering pretty firmly to the surface of the heart; the pericardial membrane itself was not thicker than is usual in birds, and was free from adhesions, lifting readily off the layer of jellied exudation which covered the sur- face of the heart; this layer was thickest at the apex of the heart, the external surface of which appeared to be unusually vascular. In cutting away the heart from its attachments, the large veins connected with its base—the pulmonary and the three cave-—were seen stuffed with black blood, which had coagulated into consistent plugs, forming moulds of the vessels, not unlike thin sticks of liquorice; the hepatic veins were occupied with similar impactions. Immediately on displacing the intestines, the great size of the tes- ticles attracted my attention; they resembled very much the human kidneys in shape and size; the right testicle measured three and a-half inches in length, and two inches in breadth; the left three inches five lines in length, one inch eleven lines in breadth. Together with about three inches of their vasa deferentia, the two weighed 4 ounces 63°79 grains. In colour they were of a rosy yellow or creamy tint, and several large vessels ran transversely across their anterior surface, from without inwards, towards the middle line. This jar contains them, preserved in spirits; and this drawing, made at the time, represents their actual size and shape. A longitudinal section of 200 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. one of them having been made, the interior of the gland was found to be composed of a pulpy cream-coloured substance, almost diffluent, showing but faint traces of dividing septa or of blood vessels; the vasa deferentia were transversely corrugated in the tube of peritoneum which conducted them to the cloaca; there were no traces of epididymis. There were no appearances of inflammation or adhesion in the neigh- bourhood of the glands to indicate that their enlargement was the result of disease. While dissecting the drake, I found on one of my fingers the anterior portion of some species of bothriocephalus; the portion was between two and three inches long; all the segments were very narrow; the bothria appeared at one extremity as four black dots, like the eyes of a small snail’s horns. I cut up the entire of the intestinal canal in hopes of finding the lower part of the worm, but the search was in vain. It occurred to me that it might be interesting and useful to report these pathological appearances to the Natural History Society, as it is by such a Society that the morbid appearances observed in wild and domesticated animals can be most correctly interpreted, since this Society, including among its members so many naturalists, physicians, and anatomists, can bring to bear on such subjects an amount of special knowledge not at the disposal of other societies, and because it ap- pears to me that every opportunity of recording the causes of animal mortality, as revealed by post-mortem examination, should be taken ad- vantage of, at all events until our knowledge of comparative pathology becomes very much more extensive than itis at present. It may, I presume, be taken for granted that the immediate cause of death in this drake was the inflammation of the membrane investing the heart—an affection which must be proportionately more serious in animals with such rapid circulation as birds, from the much more fre- quent action of their heart. Pericarditis is an affection which does not appear to be very common among birds; the breast bone and the great mass of pre-sternal muscles make a very efficient protection _ against external causes of this disease. However, examples of death from pericarditis have been reported in the eagle, emeu, black swan, and Muscovy duck—birds of very diverse structure and habits. The inflammation may extend to the air cells of the side of the chest, less usually to the lungs, which, confined in birds to the dorsal part of the chest, are withdrawn from the pericardium, leaving the whole of its anterior surface exposed when the sternum is removed. A plugged condition of the veins, especially of the larger ones, such as existed in this drake, may be very frequently noticed in birds, and that in birds dissected very soon after death ; thus, in an exceedingly fat stork, examined while its interior was quite warm, I found the blood in all the large veins, and also in some of the arteries, coagulated into black cylindrical moulds of the vessels, the four cavities of the heart containing dark clotted blood. The blood of birds is wont to coagulate very rapidly after death, and also very firmly, probably from FOOT—DISSECTION OF AN AYLESBURY DUCK. 201 the large amount of organic matter it contains. It may be remarked that the blood of the duck in particular is rich in solid constituents, it has been found to possess the largest amount of solid constituents among specimens of the blood of nineteen animals analyzed by Dumas and Prevost.* Another cause of this phenomenon may be that the active oxidation, which is characteristic of this class, tends to be constantly converting the albumen of their blood into fibrine. According to Thack- rah,} the period required for the coagulation of the blood of the duck is from one to two minutes; of fowl, from half a minute to a minute and a-half; while in pigeons it occurs almost instantaneously ; whereas in the ox it requires from two to twelve minutes; in the horse, from five to thirteen ; and in man, from seven to sixteen minutes. With regard to the very remarkable size of the testicles, I am not able to say whether the enlargement is normal or abnormal. I am not aware of the maximum size to which these glands can attain in a highly bred and well-fed drake, such as this was; but I am inclined to think that these organs must exceed their usual dimensions, although, as I observed before, there were none of the ordinary indications of disease in the glands themselves or their neighbourhood. I regret that no mi- eroscopical examination of theirinternal structure was made, In the same month of the year I examined the body of a very hand- some Dorking cock for Mr. Williams; it had died of apoplexy, and was, I think, a heavier bird than the drake; these are its testicles preserved ; they weighed together 6 drachms ‘34 grs., a little more than three-quar- ters of an ounce, less than a fifth of the weight of the drake’s testicles; the right one measured one inch and three-quarters in length, seven-eighths of an inch in breadth ; the left, one inch seven-eighths in length, an inch in breadth. Compared with the testicles even of an ostrich, those of the drake have the advantage in size. The right testicle of an ostrich, which died in the month of January, 1864, measured three inches in length, one and three-quarters in breadth; the left, three inches and a-half in length, one and three-quarters in breadth. They are also more than double the size and weight of the human testicles, which average each about six drachms, and measure from an inch and a-half to two inches in length, and nearly an inch from side to side. It must, however, be borne in mind that the periodic increase in birds of these glands is very surprising ; and if the month of June be the time of maximum size for the drake, much of the hypertrophy will be accounted for. On the subject of the periodical increase of the testicles in birds, John Hunter remarks :—‘‘ If a cock sparrow is killed in the winter, before the days have begun to lengthen, the testicle will be found very small; but if this organ is examined at different times in other spar- rows, as the warmth of the weather increases, and if this examination is continued to the breeding season, the difference in the size of the * Simon, ‘‘ An. Chem.,” vol. i., p. 349. + Flint, ‘‘ Physiology of Man,” vol. i., p. 144, note. 202 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. testicle will be very striking. This circumstance,” he continues, ‘is not peculiar to birds, but is common, as far as I yet know, to all ani- mals which have their seasons of copulation. In the buck we find the testicles are reduced to a very small size in the winter ; and in the Jand mouse, mole, &c., this diminution is still more remarkable.’ A Plate in Hunter’s ‘‘ Observations on certain parts of the Animal Economy”’ shows the gradual increase in size of the testes of the sparrow from the middle of winter to the beginning of the breeding season, repre- senting the appearance of these glands in the months of January, Fe- bruary, March, and April. I have not information as to the time of year when the testicles of the domestic drake attain the maximum degree of their periodic en- largement, nor can I find many observations on the subject; but I am inclined to think that it is about midsummer, the time when I dis- sected the specimen alluded to this evening, and for the reason that at the opposite period of the year, mid-winter, I find the testicles of the wild drake very small. To-day (December 3rd, 1868,) I examined the bodies of three mallards to ascertain the size of these glands in them, and found them extremely small; in one bird, weighing 2 lbs. 9 oz., the testicles together weighed less than 4$ grains, in another weighing 2 lbs. 24 0z., they weighed less than 34 grains. Although domestication, and the change of habits it entails, may influence the degree of periodical increase, I do not think that it will alter much the time of it as long as the wild and domestic drake are living in the same climate; therefore I think midwinter to be the time the domestic drake’s testicles are smallest, and midsummer when they are largest. It is not likely that the testicles of the mallard will ever equal in size those of the domestic drake when at their full size; because it has been ob- served that the testicles are at all times larger in birds living in polygamy than in others ; the domestic drake is practically a polyga- mist, although the wild duck is monogamous. It is known that the fertility of the duck is increased by domestication, the wild duck laying from five to ten eggs,* the tame one in the course of one year from 80 to 100; and if it may be assumed that the reproductive powers of the drake also undergo a similar development from domestication (which is a reasonable hypothesis), there is an explanation of the change in his nature from monogamy to polygamy and we would expect to find a con- comitant development of his sexual organs. Summing up then the case of these testes, they may, I think, on the one hand, be at once said to be diseased, abnormal in size, and hypertrophied; or, on the other hand, the enlargement may be attributed to an unusual degree of their natural periodical development. Professor E. Prrcevat Wricut, M.D., read ‘‘ Notes or a Tour DURING THE SPRING AND SUMMER oF 1868, IN Sicrny anD PoRTUGAL Vide end of June Meeting. * Darwin, ‘‘ Animals and Plants in Domestication,” vol. ii., p. 112. MORGAN—ON EUPLECTELLA ASPERGILLUM. 203 JANUARY 7, 1869. W. Anvrews, Esq., M. R. I. A., Vice-President, in the Chair. Tue Minutes of the previous Meeting were read and confirmed. S. R. Graves, Esq., M.P., read the following Paper :— Notes on THE DrscovEry oF EvUPLECTELLA ASPERGILLUM (OWEN), by Captain Morean, of the ‘‘ Robin Hood” :— Tus only place where Regaderas are to be found is about three miles from the shore, in front of the small village of Talisay, which is about five miles south of the town of Cebu, Isle of Cebu, Philippine Islands. The mode of catching them is very ingenious, and is as follows :— When the tide is about its full, the natives go out in very small canoes to the bed in which they are found, and which is about one mile in cir- cumference, and from 130 to 135 fathoms deep. The native, when he considers he has come to about the extremity of the bed, then lets drop his fishing tackle, composed, as in the rough sketch given herewith, of a piece of iron of the shape ofa T, to the two extremities of which are attached two flexible pieces of bamboo, armed with hooks. This sinks to the bottom, and the native sits perfectly still in his tiny canoe, which is then gradually drifted by the tide or current over the ground on which are found the Regaderas. So soon as he feels that his trawling appa- ratus has caught something, he begins to haul his lines gently in, and generally finds two or three Regaderas impaled on the hooks. When taken out of the water, the Regaderas are dirty and yellow; but after being put in fresh water or exposed to the rain, and then dried in the sun, they become perfectly white. The bottom of the sea where the Regaderas are found is composed of soft mud and sand. The root of the Regadera is imbedded in this, and the top or broad part always looks, as the natives say, to the set- ting sun (a donde se pone el sol). In the Regadera, when fished up, are generally found from one to three small animals (4ichos) of the crab species, of about the size of very small shrimps. [In the annexed sketch one is drawn of the size of life.]| These are supposed to make these Regaderas, which are at first very small—say about an inch long, and generally expand about a foot in length. These crabs or animals can burrow into the sand out of their pretty home, and re-enter it at will. The hooks, of course, frequently catch Regaderas without bringing them VOL. V. 2E 204 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. up; and many that have been recovered show signs of having had a new piece of netting put over the part torn by the hook. It is said that the first Regadera discovered in Cebu was sold for 50 dollars, and that a Dr. Caloo, who took it to Manilla, was there offered 200 dollars for it. -For some time after that they continued to be worth 16 dollars each. ; It was only in 1865 that they became abundant, through the pre- sent bed being discovered. Dr. A. MacarisrEr read the following :— CoNTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA oF KINROSS-SHIRE. Durine the past two years it has been my lot to spend a part of each summer in Kinross-shire; and during these visits—the one in April, the other in September—I have collected a good many plants, and have ascertained some localities that I think are new for plants which are not of common occurrence. The district in which my observations were conducted is that por- tion of Eastern Scotland bounded northwards by the low-lying lands in the neighbourhood of the Bridge of Earn (Scottice the Laigh of Strath- earn); southwards by the shore of Lochleven and its vicinity; east- ward by the Lomond Hill and the parish of Strathmiglo; and westward by the end of the Ochil range. Over this district, from the centre at Duncrievie in Arngask parish, my rambles have extended for a distance of from four to ten miles each way: and.although my visits were not well timed for a thorough botanical exploration, yet my labour was abundantly rewarded, as the subjoined list will show. To the botanist the district is interesting, as it contains the late re- sidence of one who was a master in the science, Dr. Walker Arnott, of Arlary, to whom we are indebted for a goodly number of plant locali- ties in this very district, but who never, as far as I am aware, published anything like a detailed Flora of the neighbourhood, except the short MACALISTER—ON THE FLORA OF KINROSS-SHIRE. 205 list in the new Statistical Survey of Scotland. To him, Mr. Maugham, Mr. Greville, and Mr. Robertson, of Inverkeithing, who contributed a list of the rare plants of Cleish, we are indebted for some information re- specting the plants of this district; but as the references are not in any way connected, and are in many cases indefinite, I have done what I could to supply the want in giving accurate and definite information concerning localities for the rarer plants of the district. The surface of the country is variable, and as such is varied in Flora. The loch side yields to us many lacustrine and palustrine plants of inte- rest; the more cultivated agricultural districts of Orwell parish, and the lower lying grounds of Strathearn, yield to us many of the commoner arvensine plants; while the low lying moorlands, plantations, and woods, and the neighbouring Ochil Hills, Cleish Hills, and Glen Farg supply in abundance illustrations both of a sylvestrine and Highland Flora. Glen Farg especially is rich in treasures of cryptogamic botany, but I reserve my report on that portion of the subject antil I can make it more com- plete by farther research; and the list of flowering plants and fern allies subjoined I hope to make more perfect by future visits to the same place. The southern portion of Co. Kinross is based on rocks of the Carbo- niferous period, continuous with the South Fife Coalfield, and Old Red Sandstone crops out and is quarried near Milnathort. Northwards we enter an extremely interesting igneous district, composed of trap rocks which gives a rough and hilly aspect to this part. The rock is mainly greenstone, composed in parts of augite in large proportion, and merg- ing from compact into porphyritic and amygdaloidal structures at the more broken district of Glenfarg. Compact greenstone is quarried at Hilton and Pittiloch, and in the cavities and substance of these rocks there are to be found many interesting minerals. Agates abound in the district of the Water of May, whichis a favourite locality for the obtaining of Scotch pebbles: sulphate of barytes, cale spar, compact felspar, adu- laria, Heulandite, mesotype, Laumontite, analcime, quartz, augite, Thomsonite, Fargite, natrolite, stilbite, apophyllite, and others, are among the minerals which are to be found here in greater or lesser abundance. Southward the Old Red Sandstone stretches as a belt across the country from the base of the Ochils to the neighbouring Kingdom of Fife, while still further southward the Carboniferous stone and coal measures of Kelty and Cowdenbeath extend into the south and west of Fife, broken here and there by igneous intrusion, and interspersed in a few places with Carboniferous limestone outcrops. From this slight sketch of its structure an extensive Flora might be anticipated, and hence the country is one of interest to the naturalist. The times of my visits were not very propitious towards the for- mation of a complete Flora, and this will explain many blanks in the list, which I trust in coming summers to render more perfect. I subjoina catalogue of the entire Flora of the district ; any plants of rarity, or of local distribution, I have noted as such; those uncommented on are of more common occurrence in the district. 206 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Of Ferns the following are the forms met with: Polypodium vulgare, andits varieties acutum and bifidum. P. dryopteris grows in abundance on the roadside between Duncrievie and Damhead, and in a few other places. P. phegopteris has been recorded from Glenfarg, but it grows near the De- van, parish of Fossaway, and near Saline. I did not find P. alpestre, al- though it is common in the western part of Perthshire. Lastrea filix-mas, and its varieties, pumila, paleacea, and incisa, occur in Glenfarg and else- where. L. dilatata and its varieties, nana, dumetora, glandulosa, L. foenisecii and L. thelypteris, grow in various places through the county; the last named is only recorded from Forfarin Moore’s ‘‘ Nature-Printed Ferns,” but I found it and recorded its existence at Aberfoyle, Perth- shire, in 1862, and Glenfarg suppled some unmistakeable specimens during last summer. Cystopteris fragilis, and its varieties, angustata, dentata and Dickieana grow in Glen Farg, not far from General Trevelyan’s house. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, A. trichomanes, and A. ruta-muraria are also to be found; but the latter, although exist- ing in several places on walls in the south part of the county, is rare and in small quantities. I did not find A. alternifolium, but it is mentioned as growing on Dunfermline Abbey. Athyrium filix-foemina is one of the most abundant of cryptogamic plants, and exists in a protean condition; all degrees of development, and many of the constant varieties, are to be found in Glen Farg, Devanside, and Cleish. Of the varieties plumosum, a magnificent plant, depauperatum, an equally fine example, and obtusum, occurred side by side in Glen Farg, and one individual, which approached closely in appearance to the rare variety, Friezellii, wanting only a little fulness and frilling. This plant I transferred to the garden, in order to see what effect culture might have in filling its fronds; and it may, when improved in condi- tion, be a form at least closely allied to this extremely rare and beautiful variety. Several plants were found with forked fronds and occasional crested fronds, and pinnee, but no plants of the pure variety cristatum have I as yet seen. Var. Rheticum and molle occur in Glen Farg, and I found the latter hkewise at Rumbling Bridge. The common Pteris aquilina and Blechnum boreale of course are in the usual abundance ; and Aspidium lobatum and A. aculeatum I found at Cauldron Linn, and near the Bein Inn, Glen Farg. Near the Glen grows at least one plant of Osmunda regalis, and Grammitis officinale .completes the cata- logue of Ferns. Robertson mentions that Botrychium lunaria and Ophioglossum vulgatum grow in Cleish, but I found neither. I searched all likely places for Hymenophyllum, and Allosorus crispus, but have not succeeded in finding either one or the other; but I have seen speci- mens of the latter from Saline Hill, Fifeshire; and Scolopendrium vul- gare escaped my notice,although I have been informed that it grows in the Glen. This latter Fern is, I think, rather rare and local in Scotland, at least in the North and West. It grows, however, according to Rev. Mr. Frazer, in the Island of Gigha, where it is called Cneamk na muc-fiahd, 1. e. tongue of the wild hog; but elsewhere in the Hebrides is rare— indeed, I have never found it on any other of the Western Isles. Of Ly- MACALISTER—ON THE FLORA OF KINROSS-SHIRE. 207 copods the Ochil Hills furnished Lycopodium alpinum, clavatum, selago, and selaginoides. Of Equisetum, the EH. arvense, fluviatile, and palustre were common; and E. hyemale, the Dutch rush, grows at Cleish, in several places. Of Marsileaceze, Lochleven furnishes Isoetes lacustris, as mentioned in the ‘“‘ Flora Scotica,” and Pilularia globulifera is to be found in the loch, as wellas in some ponds near the Cuthil muir, parish of Orwell. Of Cyperacez I have not been very suc- cessful in finding species; Eriophorum polystachyon, vaginatum, and angustifolium, Schcenus nigricans, Eleocharis ceespitosus, acicularis, and pauciflorus, Carex vulgaris, pilulifera, distans, dioica, paludosa, curta, (deri, flava, and ampullacea, exist in the muirs and morasses of the Ochil Hills, and along the burnsides in marshes. Of Graminee, Nardus stricta; Alopecurus pratensis; Phleum pratense; Phalaris arundi- nacea; Agrostis alba, canina, vulgaris; Arundo phragmites; Poa pratensis, trivialis, annua, aquatica, fluitans, decumbens; Arrhenatherum avena- ceum; Holcus mollis and lanatus; Dactylisglomerata; Cynosurus cristatus; Triticum repens, §.aristatum, caninum, Lolium perenne; Anthoxanthum odoratum ; Molinia coerulea; Briza media, Keoeleria cristata and Bromus sterilis, are not uncommon in occurrence. Of petaloid endogens I have_ found Narthecium ossifragum; Luzula sylvatica, campestris (congesta Arnott, near Kinross). Juncus bufonius, effusus, conglomeratus, compres- sus, acutiflorus, lamprocarpus, squarrosus, supinus, and glaucus; these exist in the boggy places near Glenfarg, and among the Ochil Hills, Deuglie, and Cuthil. Arum maculatum. This plant is rare in Scot- land in general, but it grows freely at Lake of Menteith, Inchmahome, and also is found in the neighbourhood of Fossaway, Lemna minor, and trisulea, in ponds near the Cuthil. Alisma plantago and ranunculoides in Lochleven and several ponds. Potamogeton natans, heterophyllus, lucens, pectinatus, crispus, densus, and perfoliatus, in ditches near Glenfarg, and in the loch. Allium ursinum, and Agraphis nutans, common. Convallaria majalis grows near Cleish, and was first disco- vered by Dr. Arnott. Iris pseud-acorus, Orchis maculata, pyramidalis, and Epipactis latifolia, complete the catalogue. Listera nidus-avis grows in Cleish, according to Mr. Robertson, but was not collected. Malaxis paludosa was recorded by Mr. D. Stewart as from Kinross-shire, but I did not see any specimens. Gymnadenia conopsea, Habenaria albida, bifolia, and chlorantha, are also recorded by Arnott from Kinross. Paris quadrifolia was found by Mr. Robertson in Cleish, but I did not see any trace of it. Of Gymnosperms, Pinus sylvestris, and Juniperus sylves- tris occur, the former in plantations, the latter on the muirs of the Ochil Hills. The Dicotyledone collected were Euphorbia helioscopia, and pe- plus; Mercurialis annua and perennis, the former on the road between Perth and Kinross, near Duncrievie; Empetrum nigrum, near Berry- Knowe, Damhead, and elsewhere; Callitriche verna, common; Urtica urens and dioica; Parietaria officinalis; Myrica gale; Populus canescens, alba, tremula; Salix fragilis, alba, viminalis, cinerea, fusca, aurita; Betula alba; Alnus glutinosa: Corylus avellana; Quercus robur ; Fa- 208 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. gus sylvatica; Atriplex patula, angustifolia, erecta; Chenopodium album ; Polygonum aviculare, convolvulus, persicaria, amphibium, minus, near Portmoak (Smith), hydropiper, the latter in Glenfarg, not common. Rumex obtusifolius, crispus, acetosa, acetosella, scutatus (Glenfarg), san- guineus and hydrolapathum—the two latter are rare; Scleranthus annuus, Ulmus campestris montana, glabra. Utricularia vulgaris. Pinguicula vulgaris, but not lusitanica, Veronica scutellata, serpyllifolia, officinalis, beccabunga, chameedrys, hederifolia, agrestis, and anagallis. V. montana is recorded by Arnott, but I have not foundit. Rhin- anthus crista-galli; Pedicularis palustris; Linaria cymbalaria, on an old wall near Damhead; Euphrasia odontites and officinalis; Digitalis purpurea, Scrophularia nodosa, vernalis, and aquatica, in Glenfarg ; Verbascum thapsus, in Lochleven Castle; Teucrium scorodonia ; Mentha arvensis, piperita, aquatica. Nepeta glechoma; Calamintha acinos; Origanum vulgare, Scutellaria galericulata, Thymus serpyllum, Leonurus cardiaca (Duncrievie); Lamium album (Arngask), pur- pureum, maculatum—one plant of the last grows at Blair Struie, near Glen Farg, which might possibly be an escape from a garden; but this is not likely, as it was not on or very near any cultivated ground. And here I take the opportunity to mention, that, in the year 1862, I found this plant near Bigholm Hill, in the vicinity of Beith, Ayrshire. This is rather a rare British plant, the only localities for it now known being, I believe, Clova and some other east coast habitat. Galeopsis tetrahit and versicolor; Stachys palustris, sylvatica, betonica—the last on Lochleven Castle Island; Prunella vulgaris; Myosotis repens, versicolor, sylvatica, palustris, collina, arvensis; Lycopsis arvensis, diffused in the district immediately N. W. of the Loch. Anchusa sempervirens is described by Maugham as growing on the road between Crossgates and Kelty, but I did not find it. Symphytum tuberosum and officinalis grow near Milnathort. Echium vulgare was found in Kinross by Dr. Arnott. Convolvulus sepium and arvensis; Solanum dulcamara, which grows in Arngask parish, near Colliston, though Arnott says it is not to be found in Kinross. Fraxinus excelsior ;* Ligustrum vulgare; Lysimachia nemorum; Primula veris, vulgaris; Samolus valerandi (near Arngask—this plant, Arnott says, does not grow in Kinross); Anagallis arvensis, tenella (Laigh of Strathearn); Trientalis Europea was found by Arnott on Holeton Hill, but I have not met it yet. Plantago major and # microstachya, lanceolata, and @ spherostachya, and y altissima; Littorella lacustris (Lochleven); Vaccinium myrtillus, vitis idea (Ochil Hill), oxycoccus ; Erica tetralix, cinerea; Calluna vulgaris; Andromeda polifolia (Arn- gask Muir); Vinca minor (Blairstruie); Ilex Europea; Gentianacampes- tris, was found by Arnott, but has not beencollected by me. Taraxacum officinale, 6 palustre; Bellis perennis; Achillea millefolium, ptarmica ; Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, segetum, parthenium (Hilton), inodo- * A fine old ash tree, which was riven by lightning, still survives on Castle Island, leaning over the western wall of the ruin. MACALISTER—ON THE FLORA OF KINROSS-SHIRE. 209 rum; Solidago virgaurea ; Tussilago farfara; Senecio jacobea, vulgaris, ‘sylvatica (Viscosa, Arnott); FilagoGermanica; Tanacetum vulgare; Peta- sites vulgaris; Arctium lappa; Hieracum pilosella, 8 Peleterianum, sylva- ticum, murorum, amplexicaule—near the wall of Cleish Castle, one of the two localities for this rare plant in Great Britain. Hypocheeris radicata; Lapsana communis; Apargia hispida; Bidens cernua and tripartita ; Cichorum intybus, according to Greville, grows in Kinross, but I failed to see it. Carlina vulgaris; Doronicum plantagineum; Sonchus oleraceus, asper, arvensis; Carduus arvensis, acanthoides, palustris, lanceolatus, pratensis, nutans (Lochleven Castle). Gnaphalium dioi- cum and # hyperboreum, uliginosum, sylvaticum; Anthemis arvensis ; Matricaria chamomilla; Centaurea nigra, cyanus; Artemisia vulgaris ; Eupatorium cannabinum, Knautia arvensis; Scabiosa succisa; Dipsacus sylvestris is recorded by Arnott, as growing in Kinross, and a specimen, I suppose of the same plant, was found in Arngask Parish, by Dr. Lil- burne, a good many years ago. Valeriana officinalis, pyrenaica, in the woods of Blair Adam, very rare. Feedia olitoria; Jasione montana, Glenfarg, its existence in Kinross is denied by Arnott ; Campanula rotun- difolia and latifolia ; Lobelia Dortmanna lives in Loch Glow, parish of Cleish; Sambucus niger and ebulus, near Cleish Castle; Lonicera peri- clymemium ; Galium saxatile, verum, palustre, aparine, mollugo (Car- more brae), cruciatum (S. Servanus Island), Witheringii (Arnott, parish of Kinross); Asperula odorata; Sherardia arvensis; Ribes grossularia, and #. reclinatum, Glen Farg. Conium maculatum, Torilis anthriscus, infesta; Cicuta virosa (Powmill); Myrrhis odorata, Heracleum sphondylium, f. angustifolia; Angelica sylvestris (Meum athamanticum Cleish, Robertson); thusa cynapium ; Agopodium podagraria; Bunium flexuosum; Pimpinella saxifraga; Daucus carota; Helosciadium nodiflo- rum, inundatum, Loch Levenside; Hydrocotyle vulgare; Sium angusti- folium ; Peucedanum ostruthium, according to Maugham grows near Milnathort, but I did not succeed in finding it; Hedera helix, Circea lutetiana; Epilobium montanum, hirsutum, parviflorum; Hippuris vul- garis; Myriophyllum spicatum ; Sedum telephium (old road between Mil- nathort and Damhead; S. acre; 8. villosum, Cleish; Sempervivum tecto- torum ; Lythrum salicaria; Peplis portula near the mouth of the Queich; Saxifraga tridactylites (parish of Fossaway), granulata; Chrysosplenium alternifolium ; Parnassia palustris, Cleish Hills and Wicks of Baiglie; Poterinm sanguisorba, Glen Farg and Saline, near Dunfermline. Alche- milla vulgaris, arvensis; Prunus spinosa, padus; Crategus oxyacantha ; Pyrus malus, aucuparia; Rosa canina, villosa, tomentosa, arvensis. Agri- monia eupatoria; Rubus ideeus f, asperrimus, cordifolius, sub-erectus, amplificatus, saxatilis—of these Rubi Arnott says Saxatilis and Ideeus are the only species to be found in Kinross parish, but in the neighbouring parish of Arngask all the above species are found. Geum urbanum, ri- vale, Glen Farg. Potentilla reptans, anserina, tormentilla, fragariastrum, (argentea grows at Craig End, near Perth, according to ‘‘ Flora Scotica,”’ but I did not find it.) Fragaria vesca and Spirea ulmaria; Vicia cracca, sepium sativa, and sylvatica, the last at Rumbling Bridge. Lathyrus pratensis and sylvaticus, Vicia lathyroides is recorded in ‘‘ Flora Scotica’’ 210 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. as growing on Kinnoul Hill, but I did not find it anywhere within the district or neighbourhood. Orobus tuberosus; Ulex Europeus, but not U. nanus as far as I could see. Sarothamnus scoparius; Genista Anglica, moorland, near Kinross, Ornithopus perpusillus on dry moor- land S.W. of Glen Farg; Ononis Europzeus; Trifolium pratense, repens, procumbens, medius; Medicago lupulina. Lotus major; (Stren- ton and Hilton, &c.,) L. corniculatus; Anthyllis vulneraria; Euo- nymus Europeus I found in Glen Farg. Acer pseudoplatanus and campestris grow in plantations along the new road to Perth, &e. Polygala vulgaris, Hypericum humifusum, pulchrum, perforatum, quadrangulum, are all to be found in Glen Farg, and other places in the district. Malva sylvestris ; Geranium robertianum, molle, dissectum are abundant; G. lucidum and sylvaticum are rare, but are to be found at the foot of Donaglow, one of the Cleish Hills, Oxalis acetosella ; Li- num catharticum, and Radiola millegrana occur in several places; Silene inflata grows near Clochridge stone. Lychnis flos-cuculi, githago, diurna, viscaria, all grow near orin Glen Farg. Stellaria media, holostea, gra- minea, glauca, uliginosa, all occur in the hedge banks and damp places. S. nemorum is recorded from Cleish by Robertson. Ceras- tium triviale, glomeratum, arvense. Arenaria trinervis, serpyllifolia, fastigiata, this rare species near Glen Farg, in Arngask parish. Sagina procumbens and apetala; Spergula nodosa and subulata. He- lianthemum vulgare, in dry exposed places, near Loch Leven in Kinross parish, very rare. Spergulaarvensis, Montia fontana. Nuphar lutea, I did not find Nuphar pumila in Loch Leven, but it grows in tolerable abundance in Loch Menteith, W. of Perthshire. Papaver rheas and dubium are not uncommon. Meconopsis Cambrica is recorded from Cleish by Robertson, but was not collected by me. Fumaria officinalis and ca- _ preolata were found, but no Corydalis, as remarked by Arnott, though in the west of Perthshire C. lutea is by no means rare. Drosera rotundifolia is to be found in sheltered mountain bogs, among the Cleish Hills, but very rarely. Nasturtium officinalis and terrestre, the latter on the Port- moak side of the Loch. Barbarea vulgaris; Arabis turrita (Robertson); Cardamine sylvatica, pratensis (and amara according to Robertson). Draba verna ; Capsella bursa-pastoris. Cheiranthus cheiri #. fruticu- losus grows on the wall of Loch Leven Castle. Sisymbrium sophia officinale ; Sinapis arvensis, alba; Brassica napus; Lepidium campestre Smithii; Subularia aquatica Loch Leven. I did not find either Reseda luteola, or lutea. Viola tricolor I gathered on Castle Island. V. lutea and canina are common, V. palustris not so abundant. Anemone nemorosa. Actzea spicata, among the woods, near Cleish. Ranunculus lingua in the Loch, near Powmill, flammula, acris, repens, sceleratus, aquatilis, hederaceus, ficaria very abundant, auricomus very rare, only found near the Devan, not far from Rumbling Bridge. Caltha paius- tris, common. ‘Trollius Europeus and Eranthis hyemalis, recorded by Robertson, but not gathered. Mr. B. BrapsHaw exhibited a specimen of Picus major shot in the County Tipperary in October last. WRIGHT—ON TUBIPORA MUSICA. a | Mr. J. Guewnow was duly elected an Associate Member. It was resolved that the night of meeting be for the future the first Wednesday in the month. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1869. JoHN Barker, M. D., Vice-President, in the Chair. Tre Minutes of the former Meeting were read and approved of. Professor E. Percrvatr Wrieut, M. D., read the following Paper :— On tHe Anima oF Tusipora musica, Linn. Pl. XI. Here and there, all along many of the fine sandy bays of Mahé and Praslin, will be found, cast up by the tide, masses of various sizes of the bright-red skeleton of the well-known Organ-pipe Coral; and in some places the finely broken-up fragments are so mixed up with the sand as to impart to it a slight red colour. Finding the skeletons so common, I expected with a little search to discover the living coral in situ, and with this object in view I searched many a mile of coral reef, but without success. Hearing from some of the fishermen that, on a bank famous for such fine fish as Mesoprion erythrinus, Gerres argyreus, &c., quantities of red coral were often brought up on their hooks, I proceeded to the spot, and found large quantities of the skeletons of Tubspora musica, but no trace of the polyps. In October of 1867 I was residing on the eastern side of Praslin; and taking ad- vantage of the “‘grandes marées”’ of that month, I investigated very closely the extensive coral reefs on the western side of the beautiful little island called Curieuse. My plan was to commence work about two hours before low water. Sending a small pirogue to row beside the outer edge of the reef, which here encircles the land, I used to walk along this edge, attended by Edouard, the black captain of my black crew. His duty was to carry glass jars, into which to put my captures, and to help me in my encounters with eels and cuttlefish ; while by the aid of the pirogue I could cross over the deep gullies which very frequently occurred in the coral reef, without the necessity of having to go to the shore so as to get round them. I need scarcely say that even when wading to my waist in the tepid waters, and half a mile from the shore, I could see, when the sea was tranquil, the sur- face of the reef as distinctly as if 1t were only covered by an inch or two of water. I had walked over this and other coral reefs so very often, that I had not on this occasion much hope of discovering any- thing new. The surface on which I walked was a perfect carpet of a pretty bluish-green Xenia, interspersed here and there with patches of a bright scarlet and of a green alga. Sometimes, when a small heap of dead coral was met with and turned over, a large cuttlefish would VOL. V. 2 F QAZ NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. endeavour, and sometimes successfully, to get over the edge of the reef, and then away. Large specimens of that fine Holothuroid, Mi/- leria nobilis, and at intervals a Culcita, would be seen and collected. The edges of the gullies actually bristled with the long spines of Dia- dema Savignyt. The pain caused by incautiously touching the spines ~ of the species of this genus is very great—so great that I have had my arm and hand quite benumbed by it for some hours. At one spot, near the very edge of deep water, my foot sank in some soft yet brittle stuff; and, from the sensation, | knew I had crushed some coral- structure that I had not before met with. On examination, this proved to be a bunch of the Tubipora, which was growing parasitically on a large rock of madrepore; and now that I found the habitat of this species, I had no difficulty in finding any quantity of it. Some masses were two feet in diameter; but it more usually occurred in irregular lumps of about twelve inches in circumference, and from two to four inches in height. Very frequently it was covered over with tufts of a small green confervoid alga, or of some sessile halichondroid sponge ; and under such circumstances the red colour of the polypidom was, of course, not conspicuous. The crowns of tentacles, like so many stars, were of a greenish colour. Some few pieces were found elevated on a stalk, as if the budding of the original individual polyp had advanced for some time in an upward and then in an outward direction. The polyps were very sensitive, and quickly contracted themselves; nor were they, like the polyps of Xenia, at all quick to show themselves after they had been once alarmed. My residence at Mahé after the discovery of the living animals of this coral was too short to admit of my investigating their develop- ment; but a very casual examination showed that the tubes were made up of spicules coalesced together, which were found free and distinct on the upper margin of the tube, and that the tentacles were also thickly covered over with minute pale-coloured spicules. As the differences between the species of the genus Tubipora are not appreciable without an examination of the polyps, perhaps there may always be some doubt as to which species is entitled to be called muszca; but as the Linnean species came from the Indian Ocean, I think I may fairly assume that the Seychelles species is the Tubiporva musica, Linn., the Haleyonium rubrum indicum of Rum- phius; and if so, I cannot find that the polyps have hitherto been de- scribed. In Prof. Kolliker’s short notes on ‘‘ Polymorphism in various Genera of Alcyonaria,’”’* he mentions having examined a species of Tubipora from the Viti archipelago, which had been preserved in spirits. The species is not mentioned, but is probably one of the two species described by Dana as from the Fiji or Viti Islands, both of which differ specifically, as I take it, from the Indian Ocean species. * “ Verhandl. d. phys.-med. Gesellschaft in Wurzburg,” Dec. 28, 1867, and ‘' Zoo- logical Record” for 1867, p. 661. WRIGHT—ON TUBIPORA MUSICA. DANE The polyp consists of eight pinnate tentacles, each tentacle with from fifteen to seventeen pinne on either side; these tentacles are thickly studded with spicules of an oval shape, flat, somewhat longer than broad; they closely resemble the lenticular spicules of Kélliker : they are met with all over the tentacle, down the centre of which there is one compact row, forming as it were a midrib; they are often slightly compressed in the centre, so as to form a figure of eight. In the centre of the tentacles is the mouth, with a slightly raised circular lip. When the polyp is alarmed, the tentacles are first closed together, and then the polyp sinks down quite into the tube; as it becomes more completely retracted, it draws in after it the uppermost portion of the tube itself, inverting this and folding it in, until the open mouth of the tube is thereby completely filled. It is, of course, only the yet spicular, and not the solid portion of the tube that is thus inverted ; and the folds thus formed equal in number the tentacles. Ihave more than once traced these spicular portions up to the very base of the tentacles, where the fusiform spicules end, and the characteristic tentacle and body spicules commence, these spicules thus forming a series of triangular spaces, the bases of which join on with the har- dened edge of the tube, and the apices are situated at the base of each tentacle. The spicules secreted by this portion of the ectodermic layer are of several sorts:—First, the warty fusiform spicule, so commonly met with in the Alcyonide; these spicules will be found in all stages of growth and of coalescence: thus at the upper portion of the edge of the tube, where it is non-retractile, the cal- careous tissue will be found to consist of a series of them, partially joined together, and making a kind of coarse open network (fig. 10),. which, on being macerated in caustic potash, does not fall to pieces ;. but the retractile portion, on being subjected to the same treatment, breaks up into a mass of minute individual spicules (fig. 8). The red colouring matter would appear not to reside in these latter spicules ;. for those that I have examined are colourless, presenting in this a marked contrast to the spicules of Melithea coccinea, which retain their red or yellowish-red colour after being exposed to the action of the caustic alkali. A second form of spicule is met with in the re- tractile portions of the tube; it closely resembles that form of spicule described by Kolliker as occurring in Eunicea fusca (Taf. 18. fig. 19), which I think might be called ‘‘shuttlecock.” While all the forms of spicules met with seem to occupy certain definite portions of the ecto- dermic layer, yet there is an evident gradation between them, from the smooth fusiform spicule to the most irregularly warty forms, which leads naturally to the inference that all these forms are but different stages of growth, by the aggregation of new calcareous material, until the solid tubular structure so long known to us is at last reached. The mouth, which is circular, is distinctly marked, and leads into the stomachal cavity, which is small; the stomachal cavity is sepa- rated by a thin and delicate membrane from the general body cavity. I have not been able to determine with exactness the number of 214 NATURAL HISTORY SOOIETY OF DUBLIN. openings between these two portions. The ovaries are in the general cavity, and are invested by a delicate membrane, which is continued in the form of eight mesenteric slender bands to the body of the tube, as is seen in fig. 6. In his ‘‘ Icones Histologice,’’ Prof. Kolliker, when treating of the hardened connective tissue met within the Alcyonaria, divides the denser structures into :-— I. Hard structures, which are in substance made up of small isolated bodies of a fixed shape (such as the calcareous spicules of Alcyo- nide). If. Hard structures, forming a more or less compact structure. Of these there exist :— 1. Hard calcareous bodies, either isolated or coalesced together, and in combination with a horny or chalky internodal sub- stance, or occurring alone as coalesced calcareous substance (Axis of Melithzeacese, Sclerogorgiacese, and Coralline). 2. Lamellated structures, which may be formed as secretions, and which, when calcified, leave, after the removal of the salts, an organic remainder preserving the same outline. Here be- long a. The horny axis of Gorgonide and Antipathide, and the horny internodes of Isis. b. The more or less calcified lamellose axis of Gorgonidee (Prim- noa, Plexaurella, Isis, &c.), and Pennatulide. 3. Crystalline structure, which seems to increase through a deposit of chalk from a pre-existing structure, as, after the removal of all the salts, there is still left a small, almost inappreciable organic residue. Here are placed :— a. The greater number of those polyps with merely superficial skeletons (Tubipora) ; and 6. Structures like the chalky skeletons of the Madrepores. The structure, however, of the skeleton of Tubipora, as will be seen from the above, is certainly not crystalline; and the manner in which it is deposited differs in no essential particular from that described in section IJ. 1. Fusiform spicules are secreted by the ectodermic layer ; these spicules around the base of the tentacles are of a white colour, and in many cases are simply fusiform, not warty; but those at a little dis- tance from the base of the tentacles not only assume a light-red colour, but become crowded over with warty excrescences, and there is ne to be found a gradual growing together and consolidation of those around the edge of the tube—that is, where this is formed. In the case of a young bud, there is at first no tube, the spicules having not yet become coalesced ; they are here simply placed side by side. WRIGHT—ON TUBIPORA MUSICA. 215 IT regret very much that I had no opportunity of watching the deve. lopment of the egg of Tubipora, or even of seeing the formation by budding of the attached zooid forms. From an examination, however, of a large series of specimens, it 1s, I think, pretty evident that the external tabule are formed in the first instance as flattened offshoots from the upper edges of the tubes. Thus in many instances flat plates will be found to project from the upper and still soft portion of the tube; each plate will consist of a fold of ectoderm, into which some of the endodermic layer is tucked ; spicules are freely secreted in the outer layer of this fold, which is of a bright-red colour; and in one or two instances a small swelling was seen to arise from the free end of this lateral fold-like prolongation of the tube. I have little doubt that these swellings were the starting points of fresh polyps. It must not be forgotten that, while in some masses of Tubipora the skeleton tubes were all close together, and the polyps all on the same level, in many others the masses were very much less compact, and the polyps were growing in an irregular manner. The polyp certainly can, and does, constantly add to the height of its tube; or, in other words, the spicules are being constantly consoli- dated into the tube, and the tube thus increases in height. In some cases I have been able to trace the mesenteric bands, which attach the lower portion of the body ofthe polyp to the walls of the skeleton tube, as far as the second external septum in depth; and it is very evident that, as the outer walls of the tube become consolidated, not only does the tube become elongated, but the polyp elevates itself at the same time in the tube. I am inclined, with Milne-Edwards, to regard the genus Tubipora as belonging to the first family of the order Alcyonaria, viz. Aleyonide, but would place it as a separate section of the sub-family Alcyonine. Thus we should have— Order ALCYONARIA. Family 1. Atcyon1p@. Subfamily 1. Cornularine. 5A 2. Aleyonine ; and, dividing this into three sec- tions, as follows :— Aleyonine. (1.) Naked or soft, as Aleyonium. (iz.) Armed with large spicules, as Nepthya. (a1r.) Tubed; tubes formed of coalesced spicules, as in Tubipora. Some may perhaps consider it advisable to give more weight to the great difference in the calcareous secretions, and place the genus in a subfamily to rank as athird subfamily of the Alcyonide, called Tubipo- rine, which would be characterized by having lenticular spicules de- veloped in the tentacles, the fusiform spicules of the outer body layer forming dense hard tubes, united to each other by calcareous septa. 216 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Xf. Fig. 1. Mass of Tubipora musica, nat. size. Fig. 2. ‘The same to show the buds. Fig. 3. Polyps, seen from above, three expanded ; from the side of the retracted polyp, which is seen in the lower part of the figure, between the two expanded polyps, will be found the lateral fold-like prolongation of the tube referred to in the text. Fig. 4. Polyps in different stages of expansion and retraction; at ¢ the lateral fold-like prolongation is seen. Fig. 5. Mouth, with circular lip and four tentacles studded with spicules. Fig. 6. A section through tube and polyp, the latter fully retracted. Fig. 7. Lenticular spicules from the tentacles. Fig. 8. Fusiform spicules, plain and warty, from ectodermic layer between base of ten- tacles and edge of hard tube. Fig. 9. Warty fusiform spicules. Fig. 10. The same, gradually becoming coalesced, and forming a rough irregular net- work at one spot; in another becoming solidified. N. B.—All the figures on this Plate have been drawn by Mr. Ford, from specimens preserved in spirits. It need not be said that they are accurate representations of the structures thus preserved; yet they would undoubtedly have been much more life-like had they been drawn by Mr. Ford from living specimens. Figure 3, however, is not only an accurate, but also to my mind a life-like drawing. ALEXANDER Macalister, Demonstrator of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, read the following Paper :— On THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE PRoNATOR Muscles IN THE LiImpBs oF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. In most vertebrate limbs a group of muscles exists, for the production of motion between the two parallel bones composing that limb segment which is the second from the shoulder girdle; and as the pectoral ex- tremities of animals are usually more perfect than the pelvic in point of development, being often more or less subordinated to the use of the head, this group of muscles consequently, as a rule, preserves a more perfect individuality in the fore limb than in the hinder. For obvious reasons, many animals are incapable of the actions of pronation and supination; but it does not necessarily follow that in such these muscles should become completely suppressed, for in many instances of the kind subordinate functions assume the preponderance, and action changes accordingly. The group of muscles under consideration consists of two series— pronators and supinators. To the former of these we will limit our attention at present. When fully developed, the pronators are two— first, a long pronator (epitrochlo-radial); and, secondly, a short trans- verse muscle (ulno-radial). ist. The long pronator, or pronator radii teres, is one of the most regular and invariable of limb muscles. In man its origin is from the inner condyle of the humerus, on a plane superficial to that of the other flexors (its second head is of a different nature, as shall be seen here- after). In all the Quadrumana its origin is similar, but its difference / MACALISTER—ON PRONATOR MUSCLES. yA bys of plane is less marked. Among the Carnivora, Insectivora, Cheirop- tera, and Rodentia, I have found it to be similar in origin in the seal, dog, dingo, wolf, fox, brown and Virginian bears, otter, lion, tiger, cat, hyena, paradoxure, weasel, marten, hedgehog, bats (both Vespertilio and Pteropus), rabbit, hare, rat; among Edentata, it is regular in the six-banded Armadillo, the three-toed sloth, the anteater and Orycte- ropus (Humphry); among Marsupials, it is likewise similar in Ma- eropus major and Vallabiense, Dasyurus, Phascolomys, Phalangista, and Virginian Opossum ; in Hchidna and Ornithorhynchus it is large, and seems to act as a powerful flexor. Among Pachyderms, it is present in rudiments in the elephant, hyrax, pig, and peccary, and among Rumi- nants, traces of it are present in the camel and dromedary, and, according to Meckel, in the roebuck. Itis absent in Cetacea, Solipeda, the rhino- ceros, sheep, goat, nylghaie, Tragulus napu, sambur, axis, and cariacus. Cuvier says, but incorrectly, that it is absent in bats. Among birds, it has often an accessory head from the medial lga- ment of the elbow joint, which remains separate for its entire extent from the condyloid head. This portion, however, is not homologous with the human coronoid head; for in the latter case the median nerve is between the two muscles, in the former the nerve is underneath both muscles. This double condition occurs in the golden eagle, the falcon, vulture, owl, stork, Weka rail, grebe, jabiru, and crane. I have not been able to trace this separation in the ostrich, rhea, emu, or casso- wary. In the penguin, according to Schoepss, this muscle is modified into two parallel tendinous bands (Schoepss quoted by Rudinger, ‘‘ Uber die Muskeln der Vordern Extremitatem der Reptilien und Vogeln,’’ Tigh. x., fig, 22, No. 9). Among reptiles, the origin of the round pronator is normal, and its presence is tolerably constant in those possessing limbs. It is present in the Chelonia imbricata, caretta, and mydas, Testudo europea, Emys geographica, Lacerta viridis, Chameleon, Iguana tuberculata (Mivart), crocodile, and alligator. In all these its origin is regular, its action is mainly that of a flexor, and it attains its reptilian maximum in the alligator. Among Amphibia it is tolerably constant, as in Reptilia, and it exists in Rana temporaria, mugiens, esculenta, in Bufo cinereus and vulgaris, in triton, the maculated salamander, siredon, proteus, and others. In many of these its origin is extensive, as in R. mugiens, and occupies the entire of the medial process of the lower end of the humerus. In these animals it is large, and acts as a flexor of the elbow, and as such was named by Hcker ‘“‘ flexor antibrachii medialis.”’ The insertion of this muscle is subject to little variation, being usually inserted into the radius for a variable extent ; its attachment is to a central part of the bone, about the middle-third in the Primates in general, as in most of the Quadrumana, and many of the Carnivora, and others. It is attached to the ulnar side of the middle-third of the radius in many of the Amphibia, which is contrary to its usual habit, and indicates its assumption of a flexor action. It stretches to the 218 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. lower half of the radius in the three-toed sloth, in which its insertion is split into two parts—a lower, extending to the front of the carpal end of the radius, and to the anterior ligament of the wrist joint; and an upper, which is attached to the lower half or sometimes two-thirds of the radius. It is attached nearly to the upper half of the radius for a variable extent in the kangaroo and wallaby, but to the middle-third in Perameles, Didelphys, and Phalangista. It occupies more than two- thirds of the radius in Iguana (Mivart, “‘P. Z. 8.,’’ 1867, p. 783); and in the alligator and crocodile it is attached nearly to the entire length of the radius, as is likewise the case in the green lizard; while in the Greek tortoise it is attached to the lower third of the radius only. The second pronator normally developed is the short, nearly trans- verse ulno-radial muscle; the pronator quadratus, which, when per- fectly developed, occupies the entire anterior surface of these bones from elbow to wrist joint. This muscle is most largely developed in the dog, in which it occupies the entire interosseous space from the elbow to the wrist; and a similar development occurs in the allied forms, the dingo, fox, wolf, and hyena, also in the wallaby and Pe- rameles among Marsupials. Rarely, however, is this muscle developed as an unbroken, continuous sheet, but it is much more commonly the subject of either of two modifications—either becoming diminished from above downwards, and shrinking to smaller dimensions, or else being parted into two in the centre, and remaining in the form of upper and lower separate muscles; the former of these varieties occurs in by far the largest number of animals—thus, in the giant kangaroo, it shrinks to the lower two-thirds of the forearm; in the tiger, lion, cat, opossum, porcupine, and civet cat, it occupies about one-half; in the Virginian bear, racoon, agouti, and marmot, it extends for about one-third; in man, most monkeys, apes, and lemurs, the coati, paradoxure, the brown bear, the otter, and marten, it occupies about one-fourth ; it is very small and rudimentary in the three-toed sloth, the Orycterope,* and the seal, occupying in these from one-fifth to one-sixth of the forearm bones. In the last-named animal, Carus and Duvernoy mention it as non-existent. Prof. Haughton does not refer to it, and twice I have looked for it in vain. Meckel and Humphry, however, describe it as present, and I found it in a third seal. The second and more interesting variety of this muscle is the form found in man and reptilia, in which the short pronator becomes deficient in the centre, leaving its upper and lower ends persistent. This con- dition is most perfectly to be traced in saurian reptiles, where a short upper pronator underlies the median nerve; in some cases, as in the green lizard, closely connected to the true quadrate pronator. This muscle is sometimes, in origin, promoted above the ulna to the inner ligament of the elbow, as in the chameleon, or to the inner condyle, as * Mr. Galton, ‘ Trans. Lin. Soc.,” vol. xxvi., p. 5, describes this muscle as larger in Orycteropus than I have mentioned above. MACALISTER— ON PRONATOR MUSCLES. 219 in the Iguana tuberculata, in which it forms the pronator accessorius so accurately described by Mr. Mivart. In its insertion, this muscle usually seeks the radius above the pronator teres, but in all the fore- mentioned cases its radial attachment is extended to touch or even to overlap the pronator quadratus; the cause of separation in these instances seems to be the necessity for an ulnar origin for the flexor of the digits. A further divergence from the type occurs in Gongylus ocellatus, in which this pronator accessorius 1s connected to the pro- nator teres, and separated from it by the median nerve—a state which directly conducts us to the arrangement of the two-headed pronator teres of man (for further observations on which, see vol.1., N.S. of the ‘“‘ Journal of Anatomy,” p. 8, e¢ seg.). This muscle is entirely obsolete in Solipeda, Proboscidea, Ruminantia, Cheiroptera, Cetacea, the hyrax, hare, rabbit, armadillo, &c. There are some interesting varieties of arrangement in the human subject of these muscles. Among the most striking of these is the form — of pronator quadratus, in which the lower fibres arose from the lower seventh of the ulna, and formed a round belly, whose tendon passed across the lower end of the radius to be lost in the aponeurotic struc- tures over the scaphoid, trapezium and trapezoid bones (‘ Proc. Royal Irish Academy,” 1867). In a fine Bengal tiger, dissected in February, 1869, the lower fibres passed over the inferior extremity of the radius, to be inserted into the tendon of the extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. In some animals, as the chameleon, the segmentation of the super- ficial pronator teres is almost complete, and its fibres form two nearly separate bellies. This throws light upon the fission in the avian pro- nator, as the coexistence of a split superficial pronator over the median nerve with the pronator accessorius shows that the deep avian muscle is not necessarily of a ditferent type from its superficial neighbour, both lying over the median nerve. The homotypes of these muscles are by no means clearly defined. Meckel and Huxley regard the pop- liteus as representing the pronator teres; and it has likewise been surmised that the tibial head of the soleus represents the quadrate pronator. The former of these homologies is by no means unobjec- tionable; for, leaving out of account the question of direction, or of the interpretation of the upper parts of the tibia and fibula, there are the following objections to the hypothesis :—the origin of popliteus is from the outer condyle, that of pronator teres from the inner; the former arises by a long tendon; the latter, as far as I am aware, never does. The former lies deeply seated in contact with the joint; the latter les the most superficial of the ento-condyloid group of muscles; the former lies beneath the popliteal nerve, the latter lies superficial to the median nerve; the former crosses above the point of perforation of the anterior tibial artery, the latter crosses on a plain below the origin of the posterior interosseous artery. These considerations seem to abnegate the hypothesis of Meckel, and lead us to look elsewhere for a muscle fulfilling the required conditions. As pronation is the VOL. V. 26 220 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIELY OF DUBLIN. normal and unalterable position of the lower or pelvic limb, we can easily understand why this muscle is not developed as a pronator. Not being a pronator in function, we need not expect to find its typical insertion preserved ; for, whenever a muscle loses its usual action, and assumes another function, its insertion must be the part to become varied, as that is one of the two essential conditions determining action (the other being direction). In the prone position, likewise, for an obvious reason, a pronator runs more longitudinally and less ob- liquely than in the supine state; hence, on @ priore grounds, we may expect to find the homotype of the pronator teres as a longitudinally directed muscle, not necessarily preserving its typical insertion, but probably arising superficially from the flexor side of the inner condyle, over the other flexor muscles, over the great fiexor nerve, over the artery whose branch perforates the interosseous membrane (ulnar or popliteal, giving off posterior interosseous or anterior tibial), and forming probably an inner boundary to the space in which the limb artery lies (anticubital or popliteal). Now, all these conditions are fulfilled by the inner head of the gastrocnemius muscle, a part perfectly separate in its nature from the outer head, as they are quite distinct in the early embryo, but which, by coalescing with other muscles, can utilize its power, which is perfectly useless for its own special purposes. This muscle is liable to very little variation, and is constantly present in the animal series. Of the short or quadrate pronator, the traces in the pelvic limb are scant. I have, on a former occasion, given some reasons for believing that the inner head of soleus represents the upper part of this muscle (see vol. 11. of the ‘‘Journal of Anatomy,’ p. 8), and also that the peroneus sextus (quartus, Otto), or peroneo-calcanian muscle might represent the pronator quadratus proper. Certainly this muscle is the close parallel of the anomaly of pronator quadratus quoted above, and is very similar to the arrangement of this muscle in the pig (called by Gurlt abductor pollicis longus), or to the lower attachment of it in the tiger quoted above. The only instance in which a true pronator quadratus has been found in the hinder limb, as far as I am aware, was in a fine alligator which died in the Dublin Zoological Gardens, February, 1869, in whose hind limb a distinct transverse fasciculus of fibres crossed from ‘tibia to fibula perfectly differentiated from all the other muscles in this locality. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1869. Davip Moors, Ph. D., M. R. I. A., in the Chair. Tue Minutes of the last Meeting were read and approved of. Dr. J. Barxer, V. P., read Notes on tue Dissection or Lemur NiIeRIFRONS. WRIGHT—ON LIBELLULIDZ OF THE SEYCHELLES. 294 Professor E. Percevan Wricut, M. D., read the following Paper : On THE LIBELLULIDEZ OF THE SEYCHELLES. Durine my six months’ residence at the Seychelles I was very much struck by the apparent absence of insect life. Ants and musquitoes, indeed, abounded; the former were busy everywhere, and nothing that could be carried off was left very long alone by them; the latter were a constant source of discomfort. ‘To all appearance they contrived to live happily while often rendering human life miserable. But there were no butterflies to be seen flying by day; and the cocoa nut oil lamps were let burn uninterruptedly by night, there being no big moths to flap over and extinguish them. This was especially the case during the months from June to September. Towards October insects began to appear, the Cicadee were heard in the trees; and I have little doubt that if I had stayed at the islands for the whole of the rainy season, I should have collected or seen a fair proportion of species. A large number of my specimens collected at Praslin and Mahé were destroyed by ants, and in several instances I could not succeed in again capturing some of the more local forms. This was especially the case with my first collection of dragonflies; the store box in which I had packed a lot of specimens was entered by the ants, and the whole series destroyed. As it was a very carefully made store-box, without any apparent place of exit or entrance for the smallest insect, I was at a loss to account for this disaster. At last, determined to find out how the ants got in, I left the box tightly fastened as before, with half-a- dozen cockroaches pinned inside; and in a few hours I was able to trace the swarm of ants to the side of the box, and I then found that they got in along the side of one of the small screws which fastened on the hinge, and which unfortunately came through. These facts must be borne in mind when drawing any conclusion from the paucity of species met with by me: first, | was at Mahé at the wrong season of the year; and, secondly, I only saved a small portion of my collection. On the eastern side of Praslin there is a large extent of flat land, nearly the whole of which is under cultivation as a cocoa nut tree plan- tation under the charge of Mr. Osughrue. Through this plain a little stream, coming down from the mountains, wanders; in some places it. spreads out into large-sized ponds, but in very many places it is s0 small as to be easily stepped over. Where it flows into the sea, there is in the dry season a large sandbank, which in the wet season is swept again into the sea by the force of the current of fresh water. The water is sweet, but becomes a little brackish where it approaches the sea sands; and in this portion it abounds with many small fish, upon which Ardeola lepida (Manik) feed; now and then a Poule d’eau (Gallinula chloropus) is to be seen under the bamboo canes; attached to the framework of a small bridge over this stream near the sea I collected several fine masses of Spon- gilla alba of Carter, hitherto known only as from the tanks of Bombay. 299 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. All along this river, in the month of October, dragonflies abounded, and all the species collected by me were met with here. One species only of several which I collected at Mahé, Libellula hemihyalina, sur- vived the ravages of the ants. Knowing that Mr. M‘Lachlan was in- terested in the study of the Neuroptera, I took the opportunity of sending him a few common species collected in the spring of 1868 at Syracuse, to send also the remnants of my Seychelles collection. These he forwarded to Baron HK. de Selys-Longchamps, who has most kindly not only named all the species, but in the following paper has described a new genus, Allolestes, and several new species. While it is a matter of regret that the material placed in the Baron’s hands was not suffi- ciently large to give him a fair idea of the number of species to be met with in the Seychelles Islands, still it is a source of some satisfaction to me to think that it has been the means of obtaining so interesting a communication as the following from so very excellent an authority on the Odonata; and my especial thanks are due to Mr. M‘Lachlan for his valuable assistance in obtaining it, and in looking over and cor- recting my translation of it. The types of the species I have given to Mr. M‘Lachlan. List of Species and Description of a new Species of Dragonflies (Odonata) from the Seychelles, by the Baron E. de Selys-Longchamp. Professor E. Perceval Wright, of Dublin, forwarded to me, through Mr. M‘Lachlan, the Odonata which he had collected during the sum- mer and autumn of 1867, in the little-known islands of the Seychelles. The specimens, but fifteen in number, are very interesting; they belong to nine species, of which five are new. I give below the characters of the undescribed species. With regard to the geographical distribution of these species there are several points of interest. Four of them are plainly of an African type, viz. Libellula hemihyalina, Desj.; L. Wrightii, sp. n.; Agrion Senegalense, Ramb.; Brachybasis glabra, Burm. ‘The other five species represent forms which inhabit India and Malasia. These are, Libel- lula trivialis, Ramb.; Allolestes M‘Lachlani, gen. et. sp. nov.; Zri- chocnemis cyanops, sp.u.; T. bivittata, sp. n.; Zygonyx (?) luctafera, sp. n. This latter species approaches the genus Cordulia. Lvbellula hemthyalina comes from Mahé; all the species including it come from Praslin, one of the most easterly of the islands. 1. Libellula hemthyalina, T. Desjardins. L. disparata, Ramb.—Two males, quite like those from the Mau- ritius, from Natal, and from Senegal. It will be necessary to refer to this species L. separata, De Selys, from Algeria, which appears to be nothing more than a well-marked variety. 2. Lrbellula Wrighti, sp. n. This species belongs to the African group, to which pertain also LL. brachialis, Beauvois, ZL. contracta, Ramb., and L. Marchal, Ramb. WRIGHT— ON LIBELLULIDZ OF THE SEYCHELLES. 228 Length of abdomen 24-25 millim, hind wing 27, pterostigma 22. &$ Adult characterized by the coloration of the front, of which the excavated upper portion is greenish-blue, not metallic, surrounded with blackish. The upper lip is yellowish, encircled with blackish, and with a median blackish line; the lower lip yellowish, with the median lobe entirely blackish, and, with the inner borders of the lateral lobes, forming a median space of that colour. Abdomen strongly powdered with bluish; third segment greatly constricted. In the ¢ non-adult, and in the P? (which was taken by the late M. Julien Desjardins in the island of Mauritius), the thorax is not powdered with bluish; it is blackish, with an antehumeral band, two lateral ones on each side, and several spots beneath orange-coloured. In the ¢ the abdomen (which is not pulverulent) has a double median orange-coloured spot on the first to the seventh segments; the eighth much dilated at the sides. 3. Libellula trivialis, Ramb. One female, which does not differ from Rambur’s types indicated from Bombay and Macao. A priort I was induced to unite with it the allied species L. flavistyla of Africa, or L. tetra of the Mauritius; but the number of the ‘“‘ post-trigonal’’ cells and of the cells in the interior triangle of the superior wings are opposed to this, as well as the form of the abdomen and of the vulvar scale, which are quite like those of L. trials. 4. Zygonyx (?) luctifera, n. sp. 6 Abdomen 32 millim., inferior wing 35, pterostigma 14. Wings hyaline, scarcely tinted; membranule long, pale brown; discoidal triangles free, that of the upper wing narrow, acute at the lower angle, followed by two rows of post-trigonal cellules, the inter- nal triangle of the superior wings of two cellules but scarcely to be distinguished from those adjoining; a single transverse basal nervule in the space between the submedian nervure and the postcosta in all the wings; the nodus nearer to the apex than the base of the wings; ten antecubital nervules inthe superior wings, the last isolated ; seven to eight in the inferior. Almost entirely coal-black (with steel- blue reflections on the front and forepart of the thorax). Some dull yellowish markings, indistinctly indicated, as follows :—a transverse band on the face, comprising the nasus and the rhinarium ; five or six spots on each side of the thorax, and a vestige on the sides of the second abdominal segment. Femora dull brown externally. Eyes prominent, somewhat contiguous. Prothorax with the pos- terior lobe subtriangular, rounded. Abdomen slender, cylindrical, not constricted, becoming narrower from the base to the extremity. Legs slender, ciliated. Anal appendices simple, thrice the length of the tenth segment. 9 unknown. This species appears to me to belong to the genus Zygonyx, of which 224 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. the type (Z. Ida, Selys) comes from Java, and has the base of the se- cond to the eighth segments encircled with yellow. The analogy be- tween the two species is very great, and I think that affinity equally exists; however, there are three characters which cause me to hesitate as to its definite position: Z. /uctifera has a smaller head, it possesses only one nervule in the median basal space, and the lower division of the tarsal claws, although well marked, is shorter than the upper; the equality of the two divisions of the claws is the character on which I founded the genus Zygonyx. Z. Iris, Selys, from the Malayan archipelago, forms another section, in which the discoidal triangles are traversed by a nervule, and the divisions of the claws are equal. This constitutes the type of the genus, such as it has been adopted by Herr Brauer. Genus Attotestrs, De Selys, gen. nov. Pterostigma thick, oblong, surmounting two to three cellulés. Re- ticulation rather dense; the sectors curved near the base, from the short sector (secteur bref) to the ultranodal with two supplementary sectors interposed between each. Wings strongly petiolated (as far as the apex of the quadrilateral), the postcostal basal nervule placed under the first antecubital; quadrilateral very long (the upper side one-fourth shorter than the lower), occupying all the space between the second antecubital and the nodus; a single cellule between the quadrilateral and the vein which descends from the nodus; postcostal space with a single row of cellules. Lower lip oblong, roundly emarginated in its final third, the extre- mities distant. Antennze with the first joint very short, the second one-half longer, the third slender, equalling the two first united. Abdomen moderate, slightly longer than the inferior wings. Legs rather long, with long ciliations; tarsal claws bifid. 6 unknown; ¢@ with the tenth segment very short, the ninth shorter than the eighth. This genus, which resembles 55 of an inch. Again, the view that Diplophrys springs from a development of the yellow bodies of Acanthocystis spinifera seems to be controverted by the fact, quantum valeat, that the latter species has not been ever found in this country. Further, as I have mentioned in a previous part of this paper, the cell-like structures in C. oculea are invested by a common matrix of sarcode, from the rather definitely bounded surface of which emanate the pseudopodia; and this enclosing sarcode body has the power to tear itself in two, new pseudopodia emanating from the just dis- joined surfaces—that is to say, these bodies are in the sarcode contained, not themselves the living sarcode-containing structures. Of course, Iam going on the assumption that Greef’s fig. 29 actually does represent my ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. Vig es. C. oculea, which I can hardly doubt; nor can the yellow colour of the central bodies in this figure, as opposed to the red colour in mine, much militate against this view, for the tint expressed to the eye seems to me to depend a good deal on the focussing and on the illumination. But it may be premature to judge of Greef’s opinions on the forms as figured by him, as he promises to return to them in the next forthcoming sec- tion of his memoir. For my own humble share, in the mean time, I cannot but think it impossible that Diplophrys can be a phase of the yellow bodies of Acanthocystis spinifera at all, whilst I should have as little doubt that it can be either any preceding or subsequent state of fig. 29, here supposed by me to be one and the same thing as C. oculea. Tam myselfa good deal puzzled by the occurrence of the curious little or- ganism drawn attention to by me at one of our Club meetings,* which pre- sents such a perplexing resemblance to a Diplophrys, pseudopodia drawu in, and the body surrounded by an aggregation of small diatom frustules, fragments, and miscellaneous splinters. I need not, however, further advert to this little organism here, as in the place alluded to I have re- corded the little I have ever been able to make out aboutit. Had I not overlooked it, I would have given a figure of this queer little thing on my previous Plates; perhaps I may take a future opportunity of doing so. I hope I may not be thought to have made a too wide and unneces- sary digression from the affinities and differences of my Acanthocystis Pertyana; but in contrasting it with Greef’s A. spinifera, the remainder became unavoidable. I need not hardly say I await with interest Greef’s further communication hereupon. Genus, Raphidiophrys (Arch. ). Generic Characters.—Rhzopod composed of two distinct sarcode re- gions—the mner| forming one or several rounded individualized definitely bounded hyaline sarcode masses, each containing a subperipheral stratum of colouring granules—the outer more or less coloured, soft, and mobile, bear- ang numerous elongate regularly scattered siliceous spicula, acute at both ends, and forming a common investment to the inner globular masses, which latter gwe off long slender non-coalescing pseudopodia. The main distinction of this genus from Acanthocystis is the spicula being solid, no difference in the extremities, and scattered every way. The absence of a central capsule excludes it from marine Radiolaria, to which it otherwise possesses affinity. * “ Proceedings of the Dublin Microscopical Club,” March, 1869, in “ Quart. Journ, of Micr. Science,” vol. ix., N. S., pp. 823-4. VOL. V. 20 i) ny on) NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Raphidiophrys viridis (Arch.). P): EX) aig: Specific Characters.—Inner rounded masses hyaline, globular, with nu- merous large chlorophyll granules, arranged in a hollow globular manner within the periphery; outer region slightly buff-coloured, containing densely numerous, elongate, very slender, straight or slightly curved, act- cular spicula, acutely pointed at each end, and lying in every possible di- rection; pseudopodia numerous, extremely slender, very long, hyaline, comparatively rigid, never coalescing. No evident nucleus nor pulsating vacuoles. Measurements.—Diameter of inner globes ranging about 715th of an inch, the size of the compound clusters varying according to the number of contained globes, sometimes so large as to be seen by the unassisted eye, poised in the water, like specimens of Actinospherium, but green- ish, not white. Localities.—Pools at Ballylusk, and one or two other situations near Carrig-mountain ; near Tinnehely, county of Wicklow ; and near Multy- farnham, county of Westmeath; very sparingly at Glengariff, county of Cork; rare and local, and sometimes seemingly confined to some very restricted area of the few pools which have produced it, but in those same spots found, by careful search, at various seasons. Affinities and Differences.—1f this fine form possessed a central cap- sule, there would be, so far as I see, no necessity to make a new genus for it, for in that case it would be simply a new fresh-water spe- cies of Spherozoum (Meyen) Haeckel. There is not seemingly any other fresh-water Rhizopod for which it could be mistaken. The presence of the spicula would alone quite decidedly separate it from Heterophrys myriopoda. Greef, indeed, in his paper already cited,* accuses me, by reason of hasty observation and of faulty comparison with Carter’s de- scription, of having misapprehended the true characters of Acanthocystis turfacea, and suggests that I must, therefore, have only applied a new name to that already-known form, and he cites my brief reference to it at our Microscopical Club meeting + But I may be here forgiven for venturing to observe that, 1f Greef had more closely looked over the record of that meeting, he would have seen that, as well as Raphidio- phrys, I likewise exhibited at the same meeting, in contradistinction, examples of Acanthocystis turfacea, then for the first time identified and exhibited in Ireland. Further, even in the cursory record there made of Raphidiophrys, it was described as possessing, ‘“‘immersed and entangled in the outer region, beyond all computation densely numerous, very slender, elongate spicules, acute at both ends, lying in every possible direction” — thus showing characters which could in no way, even most superficially examined, be mistaken for the radiant vertical spicules of Acanthocystis * Loe. cit., p. 482. t ‘Quart. Journ. of Micr. Science,” vol. vii., 1867. oar ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 077 turfacea, discoid at one end, and furcate at the other. But, after all, in the eyes of some, our Raphidiophrys viridis may be, perhaps, only spe- cifically, not generically, distinct from the recognised members of the genus Acanthocystis—both mutually agree, as well as with others, in my opinion, in having two distinct sarcode regions, an inner more dense, and an outer more fluid ; but all the acknowledged species of the latter— A. turfacea (Carter), A. viridis (Grenacher, if distinct from the former), Greef’s form (fig. 18), loc. cit., A. spinifera (Greef), 4. Pertyana (mihi)—have radial spicula with discoid bases mutually approximated around the periphery of a single globular sarcode body, whilst in Raphi- diophrys viridis (mihi), the spicules are crowded without order, and are not discoid at one extremity. Genus, Pompholyxophrys (Arch.). Synonym, Hyalolampe, Greef.* Generte Characters.—Rhizopod composed of two distinct sarcode re- gions—the inner a dense, coloured, globular sarcode mass—the outer colourless, bearing a number of separate hyaline globular structures, these disposed in a more or less thick layer around the inner globe, which latter gives off more or less elongate slender non-coalescing pseudopodia. Pompholyxophrys punicea ( Arch.). Pl. IX., figs. 4, 5. Synonym, Hyalolampe fenestrata, Greef.* Specific Characters.—Inner mass loaded with numerous scattered, red- dish, or garnet-coloured pigment granules, accompanied by others, colour- less or sometimes green; outer region of great tenuity, colourless, the spherical vesicle-like bodies, colourless, hyaline, numerous, somewhat vary- mg m size, arranged therein so as to form a more or less thick stratum two or three deep all over the periphery of the inner globe, leaving a hyaline minute interval all round the latter, which gives off not very numerous nor very long but very delicate pellucid linear pseudopodia, some of which some- times appear thicker above than below, that is, as wf suddenly attenuated near the base; no evident nucleus nor pulsating vacuoles. Measurements.—Diameter variable; that of the inner body averaging about =2)th; total, including outer region, averaging about 74 th of an inch. ; Localities.—In various heath pools in the counties of Wicklow, Cork, Kerry, Westmeath ; scanty, but not unfrequently encountered. Affinities and Differences.—So far as I can see, this little Rhizopod appears to be unique, for the outer stratum bearing the problematical hyaline vesicles or globules has no parallel. They ae, as I have men- * Loe cit., p. 501; Pl. XXVIL., fig. 37. 278 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. tioned, readily cast off, and appear to me sometimes as if they became collapsed in specimens some time kept. On my first meeting with this form, I doubtfuliy regarded it as possessing an outer sarcode border or region containing the hyaline globules; but by a renewed examination, I have now little doubt but that such actually exists, though of considerable tenuity, and very pale in colour. I had likewise supposed that, amongst fresh-water Rhizopoda, it was without a parallel in the red pigment granules; but that statement must be modified, inasmuch as some of the forms belonging to Greef’s new genus Astrodisculus also show red granules in their interior; but our form by no means belongs to that genus. I doubt not, however, that the present is actually identical with another of Greef’s forms, as I have indicated above -—I mean that which he has named Hyalolampe fenestrata. But, as my description and nomenclature preceded his, mine naturally takes the priority, and his name falls to the rank of a synonym. But whilst, in- deed, I have no doubt of the correctness of this assumption, as will be seen I am necessarily at variance with Greef in my interpretation of the structure of the form in question. I myself have not been able to see any ‘“‘nuclear’’ structure. Greef’s account of his Hyalolampe (equivalent to my Pompholyxophrys) runs thus: —‘‘ This form is surrounded by a beautiful siliceous shell, which appears to be composed as if of indivi- dual glass globules laid upon one another. At first glance I imagined that Thad before me an alveolar vacuolar (schaumiges) sarcode-net; but I soon satisfied myself, by an examination of the contours, that this was of the former structure.’ He then goes on to say that he satisfied himself of the siliceous nature of what he regards as a true perforate case (Gitter- haus; Gittergehause) by the application of acetic acid, caustic potash, and even sulphuric acid; and he would refer this form, along with Cla- thrulina, to the Ethmospherida. Now, if am at all right in believing our forms to be one and the same, I very deferentially think this account of the structure is inaccurate; as I have already described, I do not think this form is surrounded by a ‘‘ Gittergehiuse ;”’ the globules are free and separate, included by a delicate sarcode layer, and sometimes (I think) appear even collapsed; they are not comparable to the solid, fenestrate, true ‘‘ Gittergehause’’ of Clathrulina, and, in fact, this form in the pos- session of these structures stands alone, so far as I can see. The crea- ture is not all uncommon in our moor pools, and I only wonder it has hitherto been overlooked; itis, however, minute, and never to my eyes has shown any stage of development, and but seldom shows any incepted food, though sometimes, indeed, distorted by an unusually large morsel, and the rejectamenta discharged by a sudden effort, which could hardly be the case if enclosed in a solid or connected ‘‘ Gittergehause.” But as Grecf has more to convey on the forms brought forward by him, per- haps he may hereafter clear up my difficulties, and remove the apparent discrepancies. ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 279 Genus, Heterophrys (Arch.). Generie Characters.—Rhizopod composed of two distinct sarcode re- guons—the inner one or several dense, globular sarcode masses often bearing colouring granules—the outer forming a complete investment thereto, more or less coloured, not enclosing any spicula or differentiated structures, but gwing off at the circumference marginal processes, and allowing the passage Forth from the inner sarcode mass of numerous linear, elongate, granuli- Jerous, non-coalescing pseudopodia. The Rhizopoda falling under this genus appear individually com- parable to a Raphidiophrys or an Acanthocystis, the outer region des- titute of spicula—to a Pompholyxophrys, the outer region destitute of the peculiar globular structures characteristic of that new genus—to an As- trodisculus, the outer region not condensed, but of a mobile sarcode, and the inner without the ‘‘ central capsule ;”’ so far differing thus from all these in a negative manner, and, further, differing from them in a posi- tive manner, by the margin of the outer region giving off the charac- teristic processes. In the fringe-like border formed by the numerous fine linear processes of Heterophrys myriopoda, however, there is much resemblance to the same portion of Greef’s form of Acanthocystis, un- named, which, as I have mentioned, appears to me well distinguished as a specific form, figured in his Pl. XXVII., fig. 18. This genus dif- fers from Actinophrys sol in the amount of differentiation in the body- structure expressed in the two sharply-marked strata of sarcode of which it is composed. Heterophrys Fockw (Arch.). fl XS. fig.3. Specific Characters.— Outer region of a palish buff colour or nearly colourless, mobile, not homogeneous, but showing various lines, dots, gra- nules, and inequalities, frequently changing in aspect, and its margin fading off indefinitely, or gwing off indefinite, variously figured marginal processes—inner region one or several orbicular sarcode masses of a light bluish-coloured tint, enclosing various opaque granules, colourless and of a brownish colour, and sometimes chlorophyll-granules, its margin sometimes exhibiting one or more pulsating vacuoles, and giving off numerous linear, colourless, granuliferous, non-coalescing pseudopodia ; the compound groups sometimes cohere for a length of time, finally conjoined only by the persis- tent mutual fusion of the pseudopodia extending from one to another. Measurements.—Somewhat variable in size, diameter of inner globe averaging about 3559”. Localities. —Found in various situations in the counties of Wicklow. Cork, Kerry, Westmeath, in moor pools, not unfrequently, but scanty, Affinities and Differences.—Distinguished at first glance from the form I associate with it under the name of Heterophrys myriopoda by its much smaller size, less green colour of the inner body, more highly 280 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. coloured marginal region, which gives offirregular and fitful sub-trian- gular, indefinitely bounded projections, not subdivided into a very great, number of hair-like linear processes. The marginal pulsating vacuoles of the inner body, sometimes seen, render it like Actinophrys sol, but the conspicuous outer region distinguishes this form readily. As pre- viously alluded to, I conceive mine to be most likely the same as Focke’s “No. 1;”* but the fact that Greef does not allude thereto in his paper, though he figures a form which appears to me to be so very like it, causes me now a little to hesitate. The form, however, which Greef figures he suggestively thinks may be cither a young state of Acantho- cystis turfacea (viridis, ejus), or perhaps a distinct species.t But I would very deferentially think, if he comes to the latter conclusion, it would be incorrect to place a Rhizopod quite destitute of ‘‘ skeleton” or spi- cula in the same genus with other forms characterized by the possession of these in a very marked degree. If indeed that figured by Greef be truly identical with my H. Pockiw, I certainly would not be at all disposed to regard it as a young state of A. turfacea; the very smallest examples I have ever seen of the latter have shown the radiating spine-like spicules, and I have seen examples smaller than the average of those of H. Fock. In this form I have not been able to see anything to represent a ‘‘nu- cleus” or a “‘ central capsule.” I have in a previous part of this paper expressed my own dissent from the view that the outer boundary of the inner globe in such a form as this can be rightly looked upon as the repre- sentative of the ‘‘ central capsule.” It has sometimes suggested itself to me that this form might be identical with that figured by Carter,t which he provisionally considered might be a young condition of Acti- nospherium Eichhorn; but whether I may be right or wrong in that conjecture, I conceive the structure of H. Hockw to be quite unlike even a young state of Actinospherium Exchhorni, nor have I been able to see any nucleus as shown by Carter. I perceive that Leuckart,§ in giving the favour of a notice to my communication to the Dublin Microscopical Club, in which I first chro- nicled this Rhizopod, suggestively puts it that it may appertain to Greef’s genus Amphizonella, established by him in a previous paper, | but this is most clearly not so. My form isnot at all referrible to Am- phizonella; in that genus the Ameba- or Difflugia-like, nucleus-bearing sarcode body is surrounded by a resistent so-called ‘‘ capsule,”’ still yielding enough to permit the exit of a few finger-like pseudopodia. Thus, that genus would differ from Heterophrys sufficiently widely to fall under a completely distinct group of Rhizopoda, no matter which * Loc..cit., t. XXv. t Loe. cit., t. XXVil., fig. oo: t “ Annals of Natural History,” vol. xiii. (1864), Pl. IL, fig. 23. § ‘Bericht uber die wissenschaftliche Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der niederen Thiere,” 1866, 1867, p. 270. || Greef, ‘‘ Ueber einige in der Erde lebende Amceben und andere Rhizopoden,” in Schultze’s ‘‘ Archiv fur mikroskopische Anatomie,” 1866, p. 323, et seqq., t. xviii. ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 281 of the hitherto proposed schemes of classification one might lean to adopt. There is doubtless somewhat more resemblance in Greef’s new genus Astrodisculus to his previously established Amphizonella, to which, indeed, he himself refers ; but still even they appear abundantly distinct, and I quite concur, so far as | may venture to express an opi- nion, that the forms respectively referrible to Amphizonella and Astro- disculus demand being placed wide apart. I shall endeavour below briefly to recapitulate the characteristics as given by Greef in his recent paper of this latter new genus. Heterophrys myriopoda ( Arch.) Pl. VILL... figs 4 Specific Characters.— Outer region colourless, granular, comparatively rigid and unchangeable, passing off at the margin into a fringe-like border of innumerable linear hyaline processes—inner region forming a large, globular, hyaline, definitely bounded sarcode mass, enclosing numerous large chlorophyll-granules, with a few colourless ones, and giving off not very numerous, comparatwely thick, slightly tapering, long, granuliferous, non- coalescing pseudopodia. I believe I have seen a central stellate arrangement of lines similar to that described in Acanthocystis turfacea by Grenacher and Greef, but its examination deserves to be repeated before entering upon a descrip- tion of this part of the structure. Measurements.—Diameter of the total Rizopod (leaving the pseu- dopedia out of view, that is, from extremities of marginal processes), about 34,5”’—of the inner sharply defined globe, 34,” to sty”. Localitves.—¥ ound as yet in but one or two spots in the county of Wicklow, near Carrig-Mountain, and in a boggy spot at lower end of Lough Dan (in the grounds of ‘‘ Lake Park’’), both very restrictedly ; hence this form must as yet be considered very rare. Affinities and Differences.—Distinguished at once from the preceding by its larger size, constantly possessing a copious quantity of chloro- phyll-granules, its longer, stouter pseudopodia, and the innumerable linear acute processes bordering the outer sarcode region. The colour- less outer region without spicula would at first glance distinguish this form from an example of Raphidiophrys viridis, which might possess but a single central globular sarcode body. The absence of the vertical spines at once readily distinguishes it from Acanthocystis turfacea. The curious resemblance of the remarkable marginal, slender, acute processes given off from the outer region to those represented by Greef in a new (?) Acanthocystis form* has been already drawn attention to. * Loe, cit., t.. KXVil., fig. 18; 282 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Genus, Cystophrys (Arch.). Pl. VIIL., fies. Generte Characters.—Rhizopod changeable in figure, sarcode mass of but one character, and éontaining immersed therein more or less numerous cell-like structures, and gwing forth slender marginal pseudopodia. The generic type sought to be established here would be unnecessary if the two forms it is destined to contain possessed ‘‘ central capsules,” for in that case they would seemingly fitly enough fall under the genus Thallasolampe (Haeckel), which is destitute of ‘“‘skeleton,”’ admitting, indeed, that the contained cells might be assumed as homologous with the ‘yellow cells’ of that genus. But, as before alluded to, the ab- sence of the ‘‘ central capsule’? would altogether exclude our forms from the true ‘‘ Radiolaria.”” There appears a certain resemblance to Stret- hill Wright’s genus Boderia (B. Turneri, Strethill Wright),* and this supposition favoured rather by his figure than by his description. That form is described as consisting of ‘‘a simple mass of brown or orange sarcode, enclosed in a very delicate and colourless membranous enve- lope, from openings in which protrude long pseudopodial branches, generally three or four in number, but sometimes more numerous, espe- cially in larger specimens.” It is, I think, quite certain that in my forms there is no ‘‘ membranous envelope’ (however delicate), though, indeed, this character is not seemingly expressed in his figures, whilst his fig. 2 is supposed to show two examples ‘‘ conjugated,’’ and this in- deed not prevented by the assumed outer ‘‘envelope.”’ Further, the rounded bodies, superficially bearing some resemblance to those of my forms, are represented as ‘‘ nuclei, or rather ova,’’ not as themselves nucleus-containing, outwardly bounded homologues (?) of ‘‘ yellow cells.”” Judging from Strethill Wright’s deseription, it is, I think, only possible, but not very probable, that either of my forms can be conge- neric with his. Perhaps, should these lines ever meet his eye, he may, however, be able to throw a further light on the question. If, as is probable, such seemingly truly cellular structures as those characteristic, for instance, of Cystophrys Haeckelvana, are to be consi- dered as the representatives of the ‘‘ yellow cells’ of the typical ‘‘ Radio- laria,’’ then I think that Wallich’s view that the homologues of those structures pervade all the Rhizopoda cannot be maintained.t I am unable to follow him in recognising the representatives of ‘‘ yellow cells” in fresh-water Rhizopoda in general; for the granular and guasi-cellular structures noticeable seem to lack the ‘‘cell’’-characteristics present here, and described for the ‘‘ yellow cells’ by Haeckel in his beautiful and elaborate Monograph. These must possess a rigid and firm membrane or ‘‘ wall,” granular (yellow) contents, and a clearly defined nucleus, and * «¢ Observations on British Zoophytes and Protozoa,” by T. Strethill Wright, M. D., in “Journal of Anatomy and Physiology,” vol. i., p. 335, Pl. XV. ¢ Loe. cit., p. 70. ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 283 they must subdivide by internal self-fission, a new nucleus appearing in each half of the divided cell; in these points, then, the cells of C. Haecke- liana agree, with the exception of the wall only (not the contents) being of a yellowish colour. I do not yet see, indeed, that the ordinary struc- tures met with pervading the general body-masy of certain Rhizopoda ean be truly said to come under the same category as the cells of my forms; and hence I think Wallich’s views alluded to are not yet jus- tified. Further, I venture to think that Greef’s suggested comparison of the green (chlorophyll) granules of A. turfacea with the “‘ yellow cells’’ is not tenable. I take these green granules occurring in that form, as well as in Raphidiophrys viridis, Heterophrys myriopoda, Pleurophrys amph- tremovdes, occasionally in certain Difflugic, &c., as all one and the same thing—chlorophyll—either persistently or temporarily characteristic here, as in certain other lowly animal forms, and can no more be the homologues of ‘‘ yellow cells” in the one than the other. Cystophrys Haeckeliana (Arch.). PENI fest, 2: Specific Characters.—Sarcode body-mass very polymorphous, colourless, granular ; tmner cells rather large, orbicular, their walls yellowish, thin ; contents bluish, granular; nucleus white, excentric; nucleolus dark, very minute ; pseudopodia slender, irregular, variable in length, granular, more or less arborescent, the branches occasionally inosculating. Measurements.—Size of examples variable. Diameter of inner cells from about +3/5,” to as small as 55/55’. Localities. —One or two pools in Callery and Carrig neighbourhoods, Connemara, Westmeath, sparingly ; rare. Affinities and Differences.—Distinguished at once from the following by its large orbicular central cells, with pale (not reddish) nucleus, and its granular arborescent (not linear and unbranched) pseudopodia. Cystophrys oculea (Arch. ). BE Vb tte 73: Specific Characters.—Sarcode body-mass maintaining more or less of a rounded figure, though locomotive power sometimes rather active, homoge- neous, of a slightly bluish tint ; inner cells orbicular or sub-elliptic, minute, walls not definitely perceptible; contents hyaline; nucleus (2?) varying from yellow to red, sharply bounded ; nucleolus (2?) dark, very minute ; pseudopo- dia very slender, varying in length, but averaging from about that of the diameter of the body to about one-half, straight, linear, hyaline, unbranched, radiating in many directions, and then sometimes crossing each other, but not mosculating. VOL. V. Me 284 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. bia BB oe of examples variable; diameter of inner bodies from about zq59’ Localities. O08 in Callery and Carrig neighbourhoods (county of Wicklow), very sparingly; rare. Affinities and Differences. —Distinguished from preceding at once by the salient characters alluded to under this heading following the de- scription of C. Haeckeliana. As mentioned under the similar paragraph following the description of Acanthocystes Pertyana, it will be seen that I hold little doubt but that form is identical with Greef’s fig. 29 (loc. evt.) to which I have already adverted. This form is not named by Greef; hence it has no synonym. Having made several allusions in the foregoing to Greef’s new genus Astrodisculus, and as he likewise in his recent valuable paper makes some observations upon Clathrulina (Cienkowski), a short résumé of those portions of his communication may be of some advantage. In bringing forward the genus Astrodisculus, however, Greef does not give, as yet at least, diagnostic characters ; but, as I glean them from his general account of the forms he refers thereto, 1 believe they are some- thing like the following :— Genus, Astrodisculus (Greef).* Body of two distinct well-marked regions, the outer a hyaline, ‘‘norous,” sharply bounded investment, without any external processes (which withstands the action of sulphuric acid), and gives passage to a number of fine linear pseudopodia emanating from the contained inner sarcode mass, which contains a globular, smoothly bounded “ cen- tral capsule” (or sometimes several, 4. minutus, A. radians), with va- riously coloured contents. Greef describes the outer coat or marginal region of the forms apper- taining here as porous and siliceous. I myself have met at least one form which I am greatly disposed to suspect would belong here ; but I know it too slightly as yet to venture to record it. But it strikes me that in the form to which I allude, the outer marginal region is distinctly flexi- ble, giving way to certain circumscribed changes of figure of the Rhi- zopod. Ifso, I can hardly suppose this outer region can be a siliceous skeleton. Nor does it appear to me porous, though showing an evenly and regularly dotted appearance through its substance, and giving pas- sage to exceedingly fine pseudopodia. In this Rhizopod I certainly did but consider that I had before me a form coming close to Heterophrys, but differing in the sharply bounded outer surface of the comparatively rigid marginal region not being mobile nor divided into processes. * Loe. cit., pp. 496, et seqg. ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 285 If, however, Greef’s interpretation be truly correct, then the nearest relationship of the genus would seemingly be to Clathrulina, which would differ by the very much larger ‘pores’ to the globular ‘“ skele- ton,’ and this being supported on a stipes, and in the absence of the ‘*central capsule’ presented by Astrodisculus. But opposed to Greef’s opinion as to the nature of this outer region is the fact he mentions, that not only do the pseudopodia project through it into the water (which they might certainly do through extremely fine pores), but also that the large characteristic red granules (in A. ruber) can pass in and out along the pseudopodia with ease. Now, this being so, it is not readily to be seen how they could do so, unless considerably large ‘‘ pores” existed, which, if present, must readily be seen; but no one of his forms reveals such. May I then, as yet, venture to suppose that the outer region (as I certainly thought in the Irish form I have in my mind’s eye) is but a more dense and more hyaline sharply defined differentiated region of the sarcode body—more dense, I say, than the inner region, but not too dense to allow of the passage of not only the pseudopodia, but of the large granules at any given spot? Of the newly established genus Astrodisculus, Greef records the fol- lowing species ; no strict diagnosis of their characters is given, but I ven- ture to abbreviate his general account of them as follows :— A. mmutus (Greef).* Sarcode of inner body of a greyish-brown colour, enclosing several minute round bodies (central capsules) of same colour, but of a deeper tint. A. ruber (Greef ).t Sarcode of inner body coloured red by a number of granular red pigment corpuscles, and enclosing a sharply bounded central capsule, filled with a bright red, finely granular substance. A. flavescens (Greef).t Sarcode of inner body yellow, containing several brownish-red pig- ment granules, and enclosing a central capsule filled with a yellow finely granular substance. A. flavocapsulatus (Greef ).§ Sarcode of inner body colourless, showing a number of pale, circular, dot-like granules, and enclosing a central capsule filled with yellow, finely granular substance. * Toe. cit., t. xxvii, fig. 30. + Loc,.ctt., £. XXvii., figs 31. t Loe. cit., t. xxvii., figs. 32 and 32a. § Loc. cit., t. xxvii, figs. 33 and 33a. 286 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. As regards this species Greef suggests that the round dots seemingly in the extra-capsular region may actually be the superficially posed discoid bases of exceedingly fine and delicate spicula, comparable to those of Acanthocystis; but in the present instance he leaves this quite as matter of doubt. I would venture to think that the placing side by side in one genus of a spicule-bearing form with others destitute of spicules would be incorrect. But he distinctly attributes spicules to the last form he records under this genus—namely, A, radians (Greef ).* Sarcode of inner body colourless, and enclosing several (two to three) ‘“‘central capsules,” filled also with finely granular, colourless substance; outer region of a slightly brownish hue, and containing se- veral acicular, very slender and delicate radial spicula, reaching from the periphery of the inner body to the outer surface. The presence of these spicula would, I venture to think, place this form in a distinct genus, and, in fact, very close to Acanthocystis. In- deed, I would almost query if the form here recorded might not be truly a state of Greef’s A. spinifera, with the outer (sareode) region more conspicuous than usual, and more than one ‘‘ central capsule” present, and no yellew bodies developed. The tint of colour shown in Greef’s drawing as belonging to the outer marginal region is seemingly the same, or nearly so, of that prevalent in the outer sarcode stratum of my own Heterophrys Fockii, or in Raphidiophrys viridis, where it is un- doubtedly mobile and changeable, and no siliceous “ skeleton’’ or ‘‘shell.” If Greef’s views were correct, then these spicula, contrary to analogy, would not be surrounded by sarcode by which deposited, but one siliceous structure penetrating and embedded in another. It will not be thought out of place to endeavour here to present as brief an epitome as I can of Cienkowski’s previous and Greef’s later observations on the but recently described Rhizopod, Clathrulina elegans (Cienk.), as, doubtless, any fresh views or new points as regards an organism seemingly so comparatively rare, and at the same time of- fering several interesting considerations with respect to its position and affinities, must be accounted of interest. This pretty fresh-water form was made the type of a new genus by Cienkowski,} and as yet has been recorded, so far as I know, but by that author himself, from near St. Petersburg, and from two localities in Ger- many; by Haeckel, from near Jena; by Greef, from near Bonn ; and by myself (since by others) from two or three localities in Ireland, and one in * Loe. cit., t. xxvii., figs. 36 and 36a. + Cienkowski, ‘‘ Ueber die Clathrulina, eine neue Actinophryen-Gattung,” in ‘* Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anatomie,” Bd. iii., 1867, p. 311, t. xviii. ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 287 Wales. ButI am greatly disposed to think its distribution is pretty wide, though always scanty, and restricted to isolated spots. I had myself ven- tured to draw attention to it and to describe it at a meeting of the Na- tural History Society of Dublin, and that before Cienkowski’s paper was published; but as he brought it forward far more elaborately than I could have hoped to have done, and as my paper could not have been put into type before the Part of the ‘‘“ Archiv” containing his paper appeared, I gladly waived my nomenclature, and withdrew my paper from publication. Greef is, indeed, quite right that I had the priority of publication, and that the form brought forward by me before our Microscopical Club was indeed truly one and the same thing as Cien- kowski’s. On the first occasion, indeed, I overlooked the stipes, or rather did not, indeed, fail to see, but misunderstood it, conceiving it to be some foreign filament; but a further examination of the specimens at command soon revealed the novel fact that we had indeed to do with a truly stepitate (all but Radiolarian) Rhizopod, and this error or over- sight I was able to correct at the subsequent meeting. The genus in question may be, I think, characterized as follows :— ; Genus, Clathrulina (Cienk.). An ‘ Actinophryan” Rhizopod, without a ‘ central capsule,’’ and enclosed within a hollow, globular, fenestrate siliceous ‘shell’ (or ‘“skeleton’’), the pseudopodia radiating all around through its apertures, and which is borne aloft at the summit of a slender stipes, the latter attached by a somewhat expanded base to foreign objects, or one to ano- ther. Clathrulina elegans (Cienk.). Specific Characters.—Body colourless, granular, vacuolar, very mobile, in a young state showing a pale central ‘‘ nuclear’ structure; the per- forate ‘‘ shell,’ when young, pale and colourless, when older more or less brownish; the apertures roundish or subpolygonal, bounded by a kind of raised rim, thus producing a groove or furrow, varying in width, be- tween them; the stipes in length two to six times the diameter of the ‘* shell,” colourless; the pseudopodia numerous, fine, often long, colour- less, granuliferous, slightly branching. Reproduction of two kinds—(1) by self-fission into two, and even- tual passage forth through the apertures of the shell of the individualized sarcode bodies, which presently assume the inherent Actinophryan cha- racteristics, reproducing the Clathrulina by development of stipes and shell; (2) by formation of motile (ciliated ?) embryos, originating from a separately encysted condition within the “shell” of the sarcode body, mostly previously subdivided into several portions, each enclosed by a firm coat. These, after a period of rest (often long), permit the escape each of a motile monad-like embryo, showing a nucleus and nucleolus, which after a brief period passes out through an aperture of the shell, and settles near at hand (not unfrequently upon the just quitted primary Clathrulina), and (like the individualized portion of a 288 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Clathrulina subdivided without passing into an encysted and embryo state) at once puts forth pseudopodia, developes a stipes and shell, and thus produces a new Clathrulina. Cienkowski refers to what he calls a variety of C. elegans (designated as minor), which he considers marked by its paler colour and more hyaline appearance, its more delicate structure, the apertures indistinct, and perhaps most notably by an evident pulsation of certain of its vacu- oles. But such examples seem not unusually to present themselves where the ordinary highly coloured and most marked examples occur, and I would venture to suppose they are but younger specimens, or ex- amples more than ordinarily retarded. Had I known the further figures of this species were forthcoming from Greef’s hand, [ would not have ventured to put forward the too stiff figure I have given on Pl. VIIL., fig. 5. Such will, I believe, convey a true conception of what this pretty Rhizopod is. Cienkowski designated it as hardly distinguishable from Actinophrys sol within the stipitate shell; but Greef justly points out that it does not exactly bear out that comparison. An Actinophrys pre- sents a truly globular figure, its circular outline not interrupted by the passage off of the evenly set and regularly distributed pseudopodia, and it is marked by the striking: marginal pulsating vacuoles. Op- posed to this the body of Clathrulina is more mobile, though of a general rather rounded figure; the pseudopodia varying in thickness, and some of them, expanding at the base, lend a more lobed appearance to the outline. Neither are the pulsating vacuoles by any means so frequent or so striking, if, indeed, they can be strictly attributed to this form. These in themselves may appear to many to be very small and trivial distinctions; but such, at first sight, not very striking idiosyn- erasies soon attract the notice of observers bestowing a closer attention on these beings, and, as I think, are ere long seen in certain forms to put forward a not unfounded claim to be regarded as special and in- herent. Greef states that he has perceived in young and paler examples that (as in Actinospherium Eichhorni, for instance) a differentiated ‘‘ axile”’ and ‘‘ cortical’ region in the granuliferous pseudopodia can be made out; but he has not been able to satisfy himself that an uninterrupted connexion exists between the axes and a vesicular ‘‘nucleus-like”’ central body, said by him to be constantly present, which, I think, how- ever, must be queried just as yet, though such an apparent structure no doubt sometimes shows itself, and I imagine it may be what I ventured to suppose in my, from time to time, casual remarks before our Micro- scopical Club might possibly be the representative of a ‘‘ central cap- sule.”’ It is to be remarked that none of Greef’s figures (figs. 1, 6, 7) actually depict either this presumed central “nuclear” body or the axile substance in the pseudopodia. He, however, enters into an extended argument to show that this may be truly the case, too long to epitomize here, but very interesting and instructive. A further point shown by Greef is, that the walls of the ‘‘ cysts” ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 289 show a decided resistance to reagents, and are seen to be superficially covered by very minute spinelets, giving a somewhat pilose appearance to the surface. I do not think the cysts seen in Irish examples have shown this characteristic. Greef argues that both perforate globe and stipes are doubtless (?) siliceous, for they likewise withstand the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Touching the systematic position of this interesting Rhizopod, Greef, as did Cienkowski and myself, of course suggests its relationship to the Ethmospheerida, and that close to the marine Heliosphera, justly re- marking that if such a perforate ‘‘ skeleton” were met with, as that possessed by this form, in the sea or fossil, no one would hesitate to place it amongst Polycystina proper. But then we know the living animal, and it has no ‘‘central capsule,” unless, indeed, the questionable “ nuclear” body be its representative, nor (less significant or important indeed) has it ‘‘ yellow cells.” Greef, indeed, suggests besides that this central body (I think not at all always present, or at least percep- tible) may be, perhaps, rather the representative of the not always present, so denominated ‘‘ inner vesicle’’ (‘‘ Binnenblase’’) of the typical marine Radiolaria. The stipes, too, is seemingly unique, and I had imagined the genus would have been better named in allusion to that character than to the fenestrate shell, a character pervading so very many of its marine relatives. The absence of the ‘central capsule” has indeed a possible parallel in one marine form, Coscinosphera ciliosa (A. Stuart),* possible only, indeed, because even the form referred to. may yet, according to Stuart himself, be seen actually to have a central capsule. Greef finally makes some suggestions as regards the seeming incli- nation to formation of colonies presented by Clathrulina, if indeed the fact of the individuals sometimes mutually standing off from one ano- ther, and attached to each other by the bases of the stipes, as they might be to foreign objects, deserves to be so called, and he builds a hypothesis on that circumstance. But I imagine there is in this fact no analogy to such an organism as Carchesium. I venture to think the younger examples, originating from the germs evolved from the lower and first produced individual, are merely to a great extent accidentally located attached to the latter, the locomotion of the germs ceasing and development commencing before they succeed in reaching a more distant or a foreign object on which to establish themselves. Some- thing like what may perhaps be cited as a kind of growth in minute Algee, forming a parallel to that of Clathrulina referred to, is that seen in Sciadium arbuscula, as a constant characteristic of the species, and in Ophiocytium majus as an exceptional circumstance. In the latter, the young plantlets produced by the development of the germs are sometimes stationed, at least temporarily, at the summit of the parent cell-walls, or along its length, or one upon another, and attached by * “ Zeitschrift fur wissensch. Zoologie,” Bd. xxvi., p. 328, t. xvili. 290 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. the lower pedicle-like extremity, just like the younger individuals in Clathrulina; and in one, as in the other case, it would look as if the germs establish themselves merely on the first solid support that becomes presented. Still, Greef would compare this occasional habit in Clathrulina almost to a kind of parasitism ; and, pushing the matter further, suggests the idea that the propinquity of the generations to one another is no accidental circumstance, but an adaptation for the pur- pose of securing such a proximity of individuals as would be essential for a possible or assumed sexual reproduction, and which would be otherwise denied to them, owing to this being a permanently fixed form on a rigid stipes. But if a sexual reproduction truly takes place (by ‘‘conjugation’”’ or otherwise), the emerged Actinophryan bodies are just as free as any other Rhizopods, and would seem to stand in quite an analogous position, and under similar circumstances, as regards any possible sexual mode of reproduction. On the whole, then, I venture to think the suggestions put forward by Greef in this regard, as, at least as yet, very hypothetical. | To appreciate as completely as the interest of the subject deserves all the valuable considerations and remarks put forward by Greef, would indeed necessitate a careful perusal of his paper in full; and I am sure I ought to apologize if in so brief an epitome I have failed to indicate as accurately as ought to be the points put forward by him. Those who wish to pursue the subject further will have recourse to the ori- ginal; whilst, perhaps, though J have nought myself to add to what has before been done so much better than I could have hoped, my allu- sion to it here, and incorporation of Greef’s remarks, may not, I trust, _ be thought redundant. I attempt to add below brief diagnoses of those forms on Pl. X., which to my eyes assume a position to a great extent independent from the more common fresh-water Rhizopodous genera represented by Difflu- gia, but which, like those more nearly allied to the Radiolaria, seem to me not yet sufficiently known or defined to be placed in special recog- nised groups or orders. Hence they must just follow without any attempt thereat ; although, indeed, Claparéde and Lachmann place their Pleurophrys under Actinophryna, my figures, 1 to 6, seem to be as little comparable to that group as to Ameebina. I begin with— Genus, Pleurophrys (Clap. et Lachm.). Pleurophrys spherica ? (Clap. et Lachm.) Arch. PL EXT tig le Specific Characters.—Large, orbicular, elliptic, or somewhat wregu- larly shaped. Body not filling the cavity of the test, containing a large granular nucleus ; pseudopodia slender, slightly tapering, hyaline, pellucid, ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 291 non-granular, rather straight, comparatively rigid, somewhat branched, often numerous, very inert. Test brownish, composed of somewhat elongate and granular particles, agglutinated together by a common organ (?) substance. Measurements.—So varied in figure as not to present any very defi- nite spun. of length and breadth; the largest specimens probably as much as 3,” in diameter. Localities. °~ Sparinely j in county of Wicklow, not yet seen in other localities, but probably to be found in similar situations hereafter, when better sought for. Pleurophrys ? amphitremordes (Arch. ). Pi xe fis 2. Specific Characters—Rather small, elliptic, or suborbicular, body seemingly filling the cavity of the test, and sometimes coloured by chloro- phyll-granules ; pseudopodia like the last, but somewhat more branched ; test more or less densely covered by diatomaceous frustules or arenaceous particles. Measurements.—The largest met with in length about ,4,’, breadth z60 > but variable in dimensions. Localities. —Very sparingly in pools in county of Wicklow and other places. Pleurophrys ? fulva (Arch.). Pl. X., fig. 3. Specific Characters.—Minute, egg-shaped, body filling the cavity of the test ; pseudopodia short, not straight, more or less branched, hyaline ; test of a buff or tawny colour, and covered by hyaline quartzose granules. Measurements.—Length and breadth respectively averaging about one-half less than the preceding. Localities.—Very sparingly in pools in same situations as fore- going. Genus, Amphitrema (Arch.). Generic Characters.—Rhizopod giving off two tufts of elongate linear branched pellucid pseudopodia, each tuft through an aperture at opposite ends of a test more or less covered by foreign arenaceous | IRAE, the aper- tures provided with a rim-like neck. Amphitrema Wrightianum (Arch.). Ply XS. fies, 4,5. Specific Characters.—Body generally not filling the cavity of the test, (always ?) including chlorophyll-granules ; opposite tufts of pseudopodia unequal; the compressed elliptic hyaline test, with the foreign partecles more crowded at the margins, and often obscuring the extremely short necks. VOL. ¥. 2a 292 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. No nucleus nor contractile vesicle detected, either in this or the two latter forms referred to Pleurophrys. I have much pleasure in naming this form after my friend, Prof. E. Perceval Wright, in whose company the first examples I saw were met with, and along with whom the most recently seen near Kenmare were taken. Measurements, .—Length of test about zoo » breadth about =4,”, but slightly variable in dimensions. Localities. —‘* Feather-bed Bog,” county of Dublin; ‘‘Glen-ma-lur,” county of Wicklow; a boggy place on the road between Killarney Lakes and Kenmare; as yetrare and local, but doubtless more widely distributed. Affinities and Differences.—I am not aware of any monothalamian Rhizopod with two apertures for emission of pseudopodia; but there is no doubt a great affinity to such a form as Pleurophrys? amphitremordes (mihi), but I never could detect any neck to the test, however short in that form, yet in the present it is often obscured by foreign particles, and one of the apertures may even be shut up by their presence in abun- dance. The contents, however, are seemingly always green, and the larger foreign particles distributed to the margin of the test; the pseu- dopodia, too, are finer and longer than in P. amphitremordes. From the type or genus which seemingly must be admitted to be represented by Diplophrys (Barker), the present is distinguished by its test being covered by foreign particles, quite as decidedly, seemingly, as Difflugia from Arcella, as Pleurophrys from Plagiophrys, as the group Lituolida from the group Gromida. The whole aspect of the forms I have put forward under this genus and Pleurophrys seems to me to be quite distinct, as I have mentioned, from Gromida or the Difflugic. Genus, Diaphoropodon (Arch.). Generie Characters.—Rhizopod with a nucleus, gwing off pseudopodial processes of two kinds—the one from the anterior end, long, pellucid, and retractile ; the other given off from the body, short, pellucid, and persistent, enclosed in a test formed of foreign particles loosely agglomerated. Diaphoropodon mobile (Arch.). Pl. X., fig. 6. Specific Characters.—Rhizopod large, egg-shaped, nucleus large, gra- nular in appearance ; anterior pseudopodia often very long, much branched, hyaline, very contractile ; marginal ones short, fringe-like, hyaline; ante- rior extremity sometimes showing a marginal pulsating vacuole ; test brownish, but formed of very heterogeneous particles (including protocoe- caceous cells) and diatomaceous frustules. Measurement.—In length averaging about ;4, Locality. —A single pool (in a single spot ‘ot 4 in ‘‘ Glen-ma-lur Valley,” county of Wicklow; hence as yet very rare. Localities and Differences. “No other Rhizopod, I believe, shows the curious fringe-like processes; otherwise this form resembles some of ARCHER—ON RHIZOPODA. 293 those I have (be it but provisionally as it may) referred to Pleurophrys ; the pseudopodia are, however, far more changeable, and more arbo- rescent, and the foreign bodies on the “‘ test’”’ far more loosely aggregated than in Pleurophrys or any Difflugia. The forms meant to be repre- sented by fig. 1 and fig. 6 are, perhaps, the only two that could be passed over the one for the other; but I need hardly insist on their differences being sufficiently important. The whole of the forms which are pour- trayed in my figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, seem all to belong to a type quite and equally distinct from Difflugia as from the Gromida. Genus, Gromia (Duj.). Gromia socials (Arch.). Pl. X., figs. 7-11. Specific Characters.—Very minute, often occurring socially, body bluish, granular, with a distinct sharply marked, white nucleus, contain- ing a minute dark nucleolus; pseudopodia elongate, branched, slender, reticulosely incorporated with each other, often mutually with those pro- ceeding from other indiwiduals, showing wrregularly shaped expansions, and carrying along in a slowish current minute opaque granules; test hyaline, colourless, orbicular, or broadly elliptic. Measurements.—Diameter about ~755” to zeo7"’ Locahty.—A single pool only in ‘‘ Glen-ma-lurValley,”’ hence as yet very rare. Affinities and Differences. —The minute size, hyaline test, dense body substance, minute passage for the pseudopodia, white nucleus (with its nucleolus), and social habit, clearly mark out this form from other Gromie ; its distinctions from Cystophrys Haeckeliana have been pointed out, as they seem to me, in a previous part of the present com- munication. Dr. J. Barker exhibited preparations showing mucous folds in Stomach of the Lioness. The following resolution was passed unanimously :— ‘* That the Meeting desire to place on record the loss the Society has sustained by the death of their esteemed Member, John Good, Esq.” Mr. Witttam Arcuer laid his resignation of the office of Joint Honorary Secretary before the Meeting, which was ordered to be en- tered on the Minutes. Professor E. Percevan Wricut, M.D., laid his resignation of the office of Joint Honorary Secretary before the Meeting, which was also ordered to be entered on the Minutes. These resignations were in consequence of the resolution passed at the last night of meeting, vide p. 230. The Society then adjourned to the first Wednesday in November. 294 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Notes oF A Tour IN THE SPRING AND SUMMER oF 1868, To SicILy anD PortueaL. By Epwarp Preercevat Wricut, M. A., M.D., F.L.S., Professor of Zoology, Trinity College, Dublin. (Plate XII.) [Read December 3, 1868, wide antea, p. 202. | My friend, Mr. A. H. Haliday, and myself had often projected a month’s tour in Sicily during the spring, but many things from time to time came in the way of all our plans, until early in April, 1868, when he wrote to me to say that he intended leaving Lucca, where he was then residing, at once for the Campagna, there to spend a few days col- lecting, then to go to Naples, and there to await my arrival, when we would both start for Messina, and see how much we could doina month’s tour in Sicily. I was not able to leave Dublin until the 25th of April; and stopping a couple of days in London, I arrived in Paris on the 28th. This day was spent partly in the company of N. Walsh, a rising Irish artist, and partly with Professor Milne Edwards, at the Jardin des Plantes. At one o’clock in the morning of the 1st of May, I crossed Mont Cenis; an accident had happened to the railway, and it was necessary to cross in the diligence. The travelling by rail between Turin and Florence was not much quicker, for all the Italian world was rushing to the latter city to be present at the fetes held there in consequence of the marriage of the Princess Marguerite, and the trains were overcrowded, and much behind time. Two days were most agreeably spent in lovely Florence with an old friend. The weather was very warm for the season of the year; and, besides many wonderful artificial phenomena, incident on the fetes, I witnessed one natural phenomenon which was novel to me. Going to the top of the house to get some rain-water from a clean earthenware bowl for photographic purposes, I found the whole surface of the water one thick moving scum of Protococcus pluvialis—the red variety; the water beneath the scum was quite clear, and my friend told me the water had only been a few days exposed. On the 4th I was at Lucca, and spent a couple of days with my friends at the hospitable and beautifully-situated Villa Pisani, some four miles from the town of Lucca, and on the side of the San Concordio Mountain. In this pleasant spot, dear to me by many me- mories, I had from time to time collected with my friend, Mr. A. H. Haliday. All the species that I collected which he cared for were always given to him at once, with the exception of the Spiders; and of these captured by me from time to time in this locality, I subjoin a list, for which I am indebted to the goodness of my friend, John Blackwell, F. L.8., of Hendre House. Many of the species were col- lected in the olive-yards and vineyards about the Villa Pisani, many about the Valle Buja, more especially in the grounds of the Villa Sardi; some few were taken in the delightful pine forests that hug the seashore at Viarregio. It must not be overlooked that this collection was made chiefly in the summer time, and that I regard it as by no means giving a complete list of the spiders that belong to this district. For descriptions WRIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY ANB PORTUGAL. 295 of the new species and other details, vide ‘‘ Journal Linnean Society,” vol. x., 1870, pp. 405-434. Pl. xv., xvi. :— List oF SPIDERS. Lycosidee. Lycosa famelica. Koch. The female found by Dr. Schuch, in the Morea. LL. exigua. Blackw. Dolomedes mirabilis. Walck. D. ornatus. Blackw. Hecaérge wright. Blackw, sp. n.le., p. 407. Pl. xv. fig. 2. Sphasus italicus. Walck. Many specimens of both males and females were taken. | Salticidee. Salticus terebratus. Koch. S. niger. Walck. S. flavipes. Koch. S. brevis. Blackw., sp. n. l.c, p. 410. S. extlis. Blackw.,sp.n.l.c., p. 411. Pl. xv. fig. 3. S. blandus. Blackw., sp. n. l.c, p. 412. Pl. xv. fig. 4. S. intentus. Blackw., sp. n. l.c., p. 413. Pl. xv. fig. 5. S. obmixus. Blackw., sp.n.l.c., p. 414. Pl. xv. fig. 6. S.nitens. Koch. S. mutilloides. Lucas. Thomisidee. Thomisus rotundatus. Walck. T. audax. Blackw. T. citreus. Walck. T. amenus. Blackw, sp. n.l.c., p. 415. Pl. xvi. fig. 7. T. exiguus. Blackw., sp. n.l.c., p. 416. Pl. xvi. fig. 8. T. modestus. Blackw., sp. n.l.c., p. 418. T. elegans. Blackw., sp. n.l.c p. 419. Pl. xvi. fig. 9. 7. lvrtus. Koch. . T. cuneolus, Koch. T. truncatus. Walck. T. abbreviatus. - Walck. Philodromus aureolus. Walck. P. oblongus. Walck. Sparassus smaragdulus. Walck. Drassidee. Drassus ater. ati. D. decorus. Blackw., sp. n.l.c., p. 421. Clubiona nutrix. Walck. Clotho longipes. Walck. 296 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Ciniflonidee. Ergatis benigna. Blackw. Ei. latens. Blackw. Veleda gulwa. Blackw., sp. n. 1. c., p. 422. Agelenidee. Tegenaria domestica. Walck. T. cwilis. Walck. T. campestris. Koch. Theridiidee. Theridion lineatum. Walck. Th. pulchellum. Walck. Th. concinnum. Blackw., sp. n. 1. ¢., p. 424. Pl. xvi. fig. 10. Th. levigatum. _ Blackw., sp. n. l. ¢., p. 425. Th. convecum. Blackw., sp. n. 1. ¢., p. 426. Th. prominens. Blackw., sp. n. 1. ¢., p. 427. Th. delicatum. Blackw., sp. n. l.¢., p. 428. Pl. xvi. fig. 11. Pholcus phalangiordes. Walck. Linyphiide. Linyphia montana. Walck. L. triangularis. Walck. L. punctata. Blackw., sp. n. 1. c. p. 429. Pl. xvi. fig. 12. Neriene rubella, Blackw. Epeiridee. Eipewra solers. Walck. EF. calophylla. Walck. Lf. acalypha. Walck. E. adianta. Walck. Lf. antriada. Walck. LE. inclinata. Walck. LE. dvadema. Walck. Ff. grossa. Koch. Ff. angulata. Koch. Ei. her. Hahn. FE. amena. .Blackw., sp.n.l.c., p. 482. Pl. xvi. fig. 13. Nephila fasciata. Koch. Tetragnatha extensa. Walck. Dysderidee. Segestria perfida. Walck. S. senoculata. Walck. In all sixty-seven species. It may also be convenient for purposes of reference if I give here at the same time a list of species captured WRIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY AND PORTUGAL. 297 in Sicily, also supplied to me by Mr. Blackwall, although the species were named and described by my friend at a much later period. My chief collecting ground was in the neighbourhood of Nicolosi, at an elevation of about 3000 feet. The inner slopes of the extinct craters of Monti Rossi and the Val del Bove also furnished several species. No species were met with out of the woody region. I was obliged to place the collection of spiders in the same bottle with a collection of coleoptera; and this, unfortunately, got broken on the way to Malta, so that several specimens were destroyed, and many of those saved were partly spoiled. Mr. Blackwall makes out twenty-seven species, of which seven appeared to him new, and one forms the type of a new genus, Ctenophora. ‘s Sphasus italicus, Walck., was as common here as at Lucca. Salticus wntentus, Blackw., described as new from specimens taken at Lucca, and SS. nitens, also a Lucca species, were not uncommon. TZhomisus amenus, Blackw., was also originally described from a Lucca specimen. The following species were found in Sicily and not at Lucca :—Lycosa agretyca, Walck., L. andrenwwora Walck., L. albocincta, n. sp., Salte- cus petilus, n. sp., Thomisus diversus, nu. sp., Philodromus lepidus, nu. sp., Clubiona erratica, Walck., Hresus Walckenaervus, Walck., Theridion parvulum un. sp. (the absence of species of this genus was remarkable), Ctenophora monticola, gen. et sp. nov., Linyphia polita, nu. sp., Hpeira apoclisa, Walck., E. cucurbitina, Walck. Vide, for descriptions and figures of the new species, Ann and Mag, Nat. Hist., June, 1870. Lycoside. Lycosa agretyca. Walck. L.. andrenwora. Walck. L. albocincta. Blackw., sp. u.l.c., p. 394. Pl. viii. fig. 1. Sphasus italicus. Walck. Salticidee. Salticus intentus. Blackw. S. petilus. Blackw., sp. n.l.c., p. 395. Pl. vii. fig. 2. S. nitens. Blackw. Thomisidee. Thomisus diversus. Blackw., sp. n.1.c¢., p. 396. Pl. viii. fig. 3. Th. rotundatus. Walck. Th. citreus. Walck. Th. amenus. Blackw. Th. lurtus. Koch. Th. abbreviatus. Walck. Philodromus lepidus. Blackw., sp.n.1.c., p. 398. Pl. viii. fig. 3. 298 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Drasside. Olubiona erratica. Walck. Ciniflonidee. Eresus walckenaerius. Walck. Theridiidee. Theridion pulchellum. Walck. Th. parvulum. Blackw., sp. n.1.c¢., p. 400. Pl. viii. fig. 5. Ctenophoridee. Ctenophora monticola. Blackw., gen. et sp. n. 1. c., p. 401. Pl. viii. fig. 6. This new genus is characterized by a conspicuous comb-like appen- dage situated on the anterior side of each tibia and metatarsus of the first and second pair of legs. Linyphiidee. Linyphia polita. Blackw., sp. n. l.c., p. 403. Pl. viii. fig. 7. Epeiridee. Epetra apoclisa. Walck. E. solers. Walck. E. cucurbitina. Walck. EF. adianta. Walck. EF. antriada. Walck. Ei. herwt. Hahn. Tetragnatha eatensa. Walck. Leaving Lucca, on the 7th of May, and spending a day or two at Rome, to loiter in its glorious cathedral, and to walk around the Colos- seum, I reached Naples and met my friend on the 10th; some pleasant days were spent here, visiting the Museum and Professor Costa. Mount Vesuvius was still in full activity, and at night was a most striking object as seen from the Bay. One day I walked to the foot of the new cone, down the sides of which rattled every ten minutes or so a small shower of red-hot stones, after each of which there was perfect silence; then a loud puff announced an escape of steam, which was not visible to me, as it made its escape from the mouth of the crater; but when it rushed up a few feet into the air, then the column became per- ceptible, and the next instant down came falling the volley of stones expelled along with it. Walking along the road sides it was impossible not to be struck by the solid masses of Mesembrianthemum acinaciforme which covered all the sides of the dry earth walls. It was now in full flower, and the effect was most brilliant. It grew like a wild weed along the railway banks, and appears to be quite acclimatized here. Mr. Haliday had WkKIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY AND PORTUGAL. 299 brought plants of it to Lucca ; there it grew well, but is somewhat intolerant of the early spring frosts, and only flowers quite sparingly. Leaving Naples, about 7 o clock in the evening, in one of Florio’s boats, we reached Messina at 1 o’clock the following day. A daily record of our doings in Sicily would be tedious, and it will suffice to state, that the first week was spent at Messina; one day we dredged, another day we walked to the mountains, or by the shore, with its groves of opuntia and large aloes, and thickets of tamarisk ; once we landed on the Calabrian coast, but, having great difficulty in getting to our boat again, as the custom officers insisted on putting us into quaran- tine, we never ventured to visit it a second time. Professor Seguenza was from home, so that we had not the pleasure of seeing him. Many interesting plants, Cytinus hypocistis, &c., were met with in the neigh- bourhood of Messina, but none that I do not find recorded as indigenous to the island, and large collections of insects were made. The wretched i inn at Giarre was reached on the evening of the 24th ; and early on the morning of the 25th we wandered up to the chestnut region, enjoying some most magnificent views of Mount Etna as we went along. The Chestnut Tree of a Hundred Horses was visited, and duly admired. Itook a photograph of the portions of this tree that are on the right-hand side of the road as you approach the tree, a third por- tion of large size still exists on the left-hand side, and by it I fixed my camera. As I cannot find that this remarkable tree— this Castagno di Cento Cavalli—has ever been figured, I here give a woodcut, by Mr. Hanlon, of the lower portion of its trunk, which is taken from my photograph. ‘The road from Giarre to this chestnut tree is steep and rugged, and some five miles from the town. I was obliged to carry my camera the greater part of the way, but atS. Alfio I secured VOL. V. 2R 300 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. the service of a little boy. It will be recollected that the road runs in front of the woodcut, that there are but three pieces of the tree now standing, that the two seen in the cut are supposed to have once been united, and, with the third and several other pieces, now destroyed, to have formed one huge tree. Without forming an opinion on the portions that I have not seen, I may say that it does not appear altogether im- probable that the two portions seen in the figure were once united, but the third portion is most certainly a separate tree. The height of the ground on which they stand is about 4,000 feet above the sea. Catania was reached the same evening by train in an hour anda half from Giarre, and a week was most pleasantly spent in this de- lightful city. The collection of Natural History of Professor Aradas was often visited ; it was very rich in shells, especially of native species. It also contained some fine specimens of fossil vertebrate remains from the caves of Sicily, and some magnificent samples of native minerals. Dredging was found very unprofitable near the harbour, owing to the great masses of lava which spread out for a considerable distance into the sea. Near the mouth of the River Simothus, the bottom of the sea consisted of a dark mud brought down the slopes from Etna; but the fertile lands (Campi Leontini) on either side of the river, from which heavy crops of wheat and barley had just been garnered, were good collecting grounds for insects and birds. Now and then there was in the heat of the day, and also towards sunset, a heavy, oppressive smell from this ground, and we thought it better to take the precau- tion of taking a few grains of quinine “each morning before going off to our hunting-places. On the morning of the 6th, about six o’clock, we left for Nicolosi. The road ascends the whole way up the slope of Mount Etna, and its beauties are too well known to be again described. As we approached the little village of Torre de Girifo, the rich fields of flowers end the patches of pistachio and dwarf oak trees looked so tempting that we were forced to stop and make trial of our future collecting grounds. The sun was bright, every now and then shaded over by light white fleecy clouds; the coolness of the morning was still over the mountain’s side ; large tree-like shrubs of Genista etnensis festooned the green of the pis- tachio and oak trees with spiays of golden-coloured flowers; Papilio machaon, Pieris daplidice, and Melanargia galathea were alighting every- where on the flowers. Gonepteryx cleopatra was darting about here and there, ever in the way; while such species as Polyommatus alexis, P. medon, Chrysophanus thersamon, Pamphila linea, P. acteon, and Spilo- thyrus marrubi absclutcly swarmed. An hour’s collecting showed us that individuals abounded, but that species were somewhat rare. Arriving at Nicolosi, we first paid our respects to Sig. Gemmellaro, the survivor of the brothers Gemmellaro, whose exertions have done so much to elucidate the lava currents of Mount Etna, and who still takes care of the ‘‘ Casa Inglese ;”’ then we wandered all about the village, ascended and descended into the craters of the Monti Rossi. Syntomes phegea, Zygena erythrus, Z. punctum, Sesia philanthiformis, and 8, WRIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY AND PORTUGAL. 301 Schmidtuformus swarmed in the flowers, often alighting, too, on the hot crumbly cinders of the crater. Many rare and several new species of Hymenoptera were found here by Mr. Haliday. On the 3rd we left early for the Val] de Bove, returning late the same night. In several of the villages through which we passed, delicious, large, juicy cherries were purchased for about twopence a pound. The 4th was spent on the slopes of Etna, and after breakfast on the 5th we left Nicolosi for the summit. Our good friend, Sig. Gemmellaro, had sent on before us a couple of men and mules, with some dry straw to sleep on, at the ‘‘ Casa degli Inglesi,’’ and with instructions to put the place in as good order as pos- sible. He told us that only one or two parties had ascended since the snow had melted, and that the cottage had suffered from the effects of the past winter. The party consisted of Mr. Halliday and Cullen, on mules, each of whom had its boy, the guide alsomounted; and a boy with our traps, which consisted of top coats and railway rugs, a vesuvius, some tea, bread, butter, and fresh eggs all packed in panniers across the fourth mule. Not being accustomed to ride, I proceeded on foot. The road, for the first mile or so above the village, was over a rude tract of black ashes, with here and there clumps of Genista. Then we would cross a lava tract, with here and there a little patch of culti- vation. It wascurious to see in how short a time the hard tough lava, when under cultivation, broke up into a fine, rich-looking dark earth, in which the foot would sink sometimes for inches. It was also asto- nishing to see how luxurious the growth of the vines was in this soil; sometimes their roots were to be seen clinging to a mass of lava, which they would in time disintegrate, but from which it was hard to believe they could draw much of nourishment. This part of the ascent was not of much interest. At times the road was strewn with large stones, making it very tiresome to walk on; again, for long lengths, it was covered with fine volcanic ash, and it was a great comfort, by taking advantage of a few short cuts, to get away from and in advance of the mules and their jingling bells, and to be able to walk at whatever pace one liked. Once passed the chestnut region, we came on large snow reservoirs, covered over some feet thick with volcanic ash, to be opened one by one during the summer for the supply of snow, as a substitute for ice, to Catania. Here and there some few plants were breaking into flower; among them some species of Arabis and Cardamine; and in sheltered spots Berberis etnensis wasin full bloom. I was struck, how- ever, by the great absence of vegetation in the region intermediate between the chestnut woods and that of the base of the cone; it was so different in this respect from what I had seen at the same elevation in Switzerland and the Tyrol. For nearly an hour before we came to the Casa, we were obliged to traverse large fields of snow, in some places so hard as to be easily walked over, but in other places so soft that at every step I went up to my knees. About an hour before sunset we entered the Casa. We had come along pretty leisurely, and having spent 302 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. about seven hours in the ascent, were quite ready for something to eat. Our sumpter mule was the last to arrive, as his rider had stopped on the road to buy some goat’s milk, and the sun was setting as he arrived. The Casa Inglese consists of two rooms—one for visitors, and the other for the muleteers; and there is outside of it a small stable for © the mules. The latter was so covered with snow that the mules were stabled in the muleteers’ room; and the mule drivers, four in number, honoured us with their presence in our apartment. We soon had a good charcoal fire, and then a cup of tea and some eggs. My two com- panions were very abstemious, and, I confess, were obliged to take away from me both the tea, and the eggs, and the bread, and the butter, or the chances would have been against the stock holding out for breakfast. The tea was wonderfully good. Melted snow makes excellent tea; and one ought really to go as far as the Casa Inglese to know what a delightful beverage tea is in sucha place. Our meal over, and our charcoal fire out, we got our beds ready. On one side of the wall are two rows of broad shelves; on the top shelf the fresh straw was laid for us; on the lower the muleteers slept. The night was clear and bitterly cold (the Casa is 9592 feet above the sea). We were to be up at two o’clock, in order to ascend the cone by sunrise; so we all tried our very best to go to sleep; but one thing after another prevented us. The mules had had their bells left on, and as they were subject to night- mare, these bells rang out at intervals in a most energetic way, the sound sounding so loud amid the almost painful silence that was around, that the bells had to be taken off, and then in the outer room there was quietness; but in our own room the muleteers com- menced to breathe most loudly, the shelves with their thin covering of straw commenced to feel wondrous hard;no matter which side I lay on, I found my ears, which had never troubled me in my life before, disagreeably in the way of resting; I lay on my back, but there was a narrow slit in the roof above me, and the stars were looking in, and then passing away every moment. That excellent delicious tea had done for me, and there was no sleep to be had that night. I roused all up, the moment I could say that it was two o’clock, and in half an hour we were on our way up the cone. In my opinion this is the only difficult part of the ascent; up to the Casa Inglese, it is so gradual, that itis hard to believe that, when there, one is 9600 feet high; but the last 1260 feet of the mountain (a cone of loose volcanic ash) is most disagreeble and distressing to ascend; one often sinks to their knees in the ashes, or slides back for yards; on this morning, too, there poured down the cone clouds of hot sulphureous vapour, which were positively choking and blinding. Following the example of our guide, we tied our handkerchiefs around our mouths and noses, and so clambered on. On getting to the summit, each ofus was of a nasty ashy hue, that frightened one the other, until we found that we were all the same. On the top we got to the windward of the crater’s mouth, and beheld, first, the dawn out over the sea—then the sun— WRIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY AND PORTUGAL. 303 then a wondrous shadow of the mountain, thrown out as it were on a sea of haze—then this disappeared, and we gazed on the wondrous panorama and on the island of Sicily, as it lay at our feet in the sea. Descending, we got to the Casa for breakfast at half-past five, left it at half-past six, stopped at Nicolosi, to report ourselves to Sig. Gem- mellaro, who gave me a letter to Sir Charles Lyell, asking him to pro- mote a subscription among the members of the British Association to repair the roof of the Casa, which letter I handed to Sir Charles Lyell, on the 21st of August following, at Norwich. The amount needed was £15, and towardsit both Mr. A. H. Haliday and myself contributed on thespot. We reached Catania early the same evening. We left Catania on the 9th, by steamer, at 11 o’clock, and reached Syracuse by three; here we stopped a week. The first two days were spent dredging in the bay, and many good things were found. On the 12th we rowed up the rivulet, which flows from the fountain of Cyane. The banks, for the distance of about three miles, are lined with the papyrus, which is here quite naturalized. Tempting though the theme be, I must not delay to say a word about the glorious ‘‘ dark blue spring’’ which is certainly the most striking natural object about Syracuse. Along the banks I made a collection of the dragon flies which were fluttering about; and for the following list I am indebted to my friend, Mr. R. M‘Lachlan:— List oF LIBELLULIDS®. Inbellula erythrea. Brullé. L. fulva. Miiller. L. coerulescens. F. L. meridionalis. Selys. L. striolata. Charp. Gomphus forcipatus. Selys. Calepteryx hemorrhoidalis. Vand d. Lind. Agrion tenellum. Villers. A. puella. IL. Another day we made a long excursion up the River Anapus, driving to Floridia. Mr. Murray’s Handbook had so overpraised the Locanda del Sole at Syracuse, that 1 was somewhat out of conceit with its praises; but it does nought but justice to the glorious valley of the Anapus, when it says ‘‘a more exquisite ravine scenery, more beautiful or varied combinations of rock, water, and mountain, richer studies of form and colour, are hardly to be conceived, than are to be found in this valley.”” The banks were fringed with oleander, which was now in its brightest bloom; and here and there were magnificent trees of the Oriental plane. In this valley a few additions were made to my collection of coleoptera. For the fol- lowing list of the specimens taken by me in this tour, I am indebted to my friend Mr. W. H. Bates :— 304 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. List oF COLEOPTERA, Cicindela maura. LL. » jlexuosa. F. Nebria psammodes. Rossi. Amara trivialis. IL. Calathus punctipennis. LL. sh. ASCHSS alt », melanocephalus. L. Bembidium Andree. ¥. Tachypus caraboides. Schr. Blechrus glabratus. Tufts. Gyrinus striatus. F. » natator. L. ,, urinator. Illig. Aleochara villosa. Manuerh. Ocypus olens. Mall. Quedius fuliginosus. Grav. Stenus ater. Mannerh. Scarabeus variolosus. F. Gymnopleurus sturmi. M‘Leay. Onthophagus Andalusiacus. Waltl. Caccobius Schreberst. L. Geotrupes Douet. Gory. .; levigatus. F. Aphodius granarvus. L. Anisoplia agricola. F. Anomala solida. Kr. Triodonta cinctipennis. Lue. Oxythyrea stictica. L. Cetonia hirtella. UL. » florals. F. », euprea. Gory & Per. », oblonga G. & P. Capnodis cariosa. Pall. », tenebricosa. F. Ptosima flavoguttata. Tlig. 5, gquadrimaculatus. Ol. » erythromelas. Kirst. Zophosis punctata. Brullé. Tentyria sicula. Lat. Pachychila Dejeani. Besser. Stenosis pubescens. Sol. Scaurus striatus. F. Blaps gibba. Castl. Pimelia Sardea. Sol. Pedinus femoralis. L. Opatroides punctulatus. Br. WRIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY AND PORTUGAL. Opatrum verrucosum. Germ. Omophlus betule. Hbst. » eurvipes. De}. a preipes. FE: i Sp. Anthicus, sp. Notoxus, sp. Rhipiphorus flabellatus. F. Mordella grisea. De}. i yesciata. 9. Mylabris 4-punctata. TL. Coryna, sp. Zonitis preusta. F., Gidémera cerulea. I. », flavipes. 5, ventralis. De}. Trachys pygmea. L. Agrilus, sp. Athoiis niger. L. Lnmonius, sp. Cebrio melanocephalus. Germ. Hister mayor. L. 4 maculatus. L. Trichodes alvearius. LL. » flavarius. Illig. a amnios. F., Telephorus pulicarius. F. i lividus. lL. e melanurus. F. is pallidus. F. - Malachius elegans. Ol. ) Sp. nn) Dolichosoma viride. Rosenh. o protensum. Gené. a smaragdinum. Luc. Dasytes bipustulatus. F. Gdemera sicula. De}. », verescens. L. Liszus Anguinus. — L. -s sp. s sp. Otiorhynchus, 6 sp. Cetera Rhyncophora, circiter 20 sp., not yet determined. 305 A day or two more were spent at Syracuse, examining the Latomia, the Catacombs, Acradina, &c., &c., and then Mr. Haliday went on to Nota, and Cullen and I took the steamer to Malta; and stopping there 306 NATURAL HISLORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. ¥ for a day, took our passages to Southampton in the Peninsular and Oriental steamer Nyanza, which, after a pleasant sail in the Mediter- ranean, a few hours’ stop at Gibraltar, and a delightful run across the Bay of Biscay, we reached on the 26th of June, after an absence of eight weeks. IJhad intended going to Lisbon from Malta, but circumstances compelled me to return home first, and it was not until the month of August that I was able to leave London for Lisbon. I arrived in Paris on the 80th, the leaves of the horse-chestnut trees in the Tuilleries Gardens were getting quite tinged, and one or two had lost their leaves, showing already the advance of autumn. Leaving Paris in the evening, Bordeaux was reached about half-past seven, the frontier was crossed about four in the afternoon, and I was in Madrid about 11 o’clock a.m., on the Ist of September. The remainder of the day, and the whole of the following day, was spent between the Picture Gallery and the Museum. In the latter the fine collection of minerals and marbles, and the skeleton of the Hegathe- rium americanum, were particularly noted. ‘The latter is in the centre of a badly-lighted apartment, and is completely covered by.a case of wood, with glass panes. I observed, on a shelfin one of the glass-cases, in this room, a collection of bones marked as from Madagascar, some of the teeth indicating that they belonged to good-sized carnivores, but I could not succeed in getting any particulars about them. Leaving Madrid at 8 o’clock p.u., on the 2nd, I arrived in Lisbon at 6 o'clock a.m., on the 4th. Professor Bocage was at Cintra, and very kindly invited me to spend Sunday, the 6th, there with him. Friday and Saturday afternoons, were spent visiting Belem and the Botanical Gardens. I noted the following, among others, as in flower in the Botanical Gardens. Duranta plumerw, Leonotis leconurus, Bignonia jasminodes, Habrothamnus cyaneus, Tecoma mexicana, Clerodendron fragrans, Bougainvillea brasiliensis. The latter was in full flower, the bracts a bright red, and wonderfully attractive. One branch had escaped from the large greenhouse, and, judging from appear- ances, must have grown in the open air for several years; it was covered with blossoms. This genus rather puzzles me. In the tropics I have only known it to flower well in sheltered spots, and, apparently, it likes a sea-breeze; at Naples it grows freely, and flowers along the Villa Reale. Here, at Lisbon, it was in as full health as ever I saw it ‘in the tropics, and yet the difference in the mean tem- perature of Lisbon and Mahé is very great. It was impossible not to _ notice the great Dracaena draco, a fine Araucaria excelsa (in fruit), one or two specimens of Licus elastica, Pittospermun undulata, Gre- villa robusta (in fruit), Casuarina equisetifolia (a poor straggling tree, about 23 feet high, but bearing fruit), Zaxodium distichum (in fruit), a large example of Erythrina secund:flora, and Lagerstremiu indica (this grows in Lucca to be quite a large tree, it flowers profusely, and does not appear to suffer from occasional frosts). Everywhere about Lisbon, even in the very centre of the town, were to be found beautiful trees of Schcenus molle. The female trees were WRIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY AND PORTUGAL. 307 in full fruit at this period, and the clusters of scarlet berries amid the delicate green leaves made them most attractive. As my friend, Dr. D. Moore, of Glasnevin, has very recently given a much more exact account than I can pretend to give of the vegetation of this part of Portugal,* I shall not dwell on it longer; neither shall I stop to tell of the delights of glorious Cintra, where I enjoyed the hos- pitality of Professor Bocage, and spent a most delightful Sunday. On the 7th, Professor Bocage and I left Lisbon by the half-past six a. u. steamer to Barreiro, and thence by rail to Setubal. The better part of the day was taken up in making arrangements for my expedition to the Hyalonema ground, and all the bother and trouble of selecting boatmen, &c., were most kindly undertaken by Professor Bo- cage. A fisherman, whose name [have long since forgotten, but who knew the ground well, and had already taken several specimens of the Hyalo- nema, was at last found, and he engaged to bring me to the ground, and to dredge for specimens, for a remuneration of 36,000 reis. I confess that I was somewhat alarmed at the great depth that this boatman said he would have to dredge in for the Hyalonema. I had brought out with me a little naturalist’s dredge, which he examined very carefully, and which he undertook to let down to a depth of 400 or 500 fathoms, and take up again with safety. My experience in dredging had only been in moderate depths, of 100 fathoms or so, and I made up my mind never to see the dredge once it was cast overboard, but knowing that the fishermen had repeatedly brought up specimens by means of long lines, I flattered myself with the hope that we would not return altogether empty- handed, and I resolved even to lose the dredge rather than lessen my chances of getting the Hyalonema. It was about five o’clock in the evening of the 7th as we left the harbour at Setubal. The boat’s crew consisted of a master and seven men. The immense coils of rope for dredging quite filled up the bot- tom of the boat, and afforded me a somewhat uncomfortable and uneasy resting place for the night. Once the boat was well under weigh the men had their supper ; this consisted of apples and cheese, bread and sweet Muscat grapes. The night was bright and clear; there was just sufficient wind to enable the boat to sail well. Going down the river we tacked several times, and about six o’clock in the morning the sail was hauled in, and we anchored over the dredging ground. The men had some breakfast, and then arrangements were made for getting the dredge down. Once overboard, down it went; coil after coil of the rope disappeared ; it seemed as if it would never touch the bottom. At last, when about 480 fathom were out, the slack came, and the dredge was declared to have arrived. Then the anchors were taken in, the fore- sail partly hoisted, and we very gently began to move to the south- wards. In half-an-hour’s time they commenced to haul in. The rope * “Journal of the Royal Dublin Society,” vol. v., Part 37, 1868, pp. 241, 255. VOL. Y. 28 Sa 808 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. was passed over a pulley-block fastened at the stern of the boat, and then again passed through a double sheef, and the seven men pulled lustily at it, resting every now and then. After a great lapse of time the dredge, marked by a long track of mud, made its appearance, and in a few minutes more was alongside. It was still nearly half full of a deep yellow-coloured tenacious mud. On passing my fingers through it I found it full of long spicules of Hyalonema, one small specimen of which was found adhering to the rope; the head-like portion (basal portion of most writers) was but small, but the glass rope was spread out towards the end farthest from the head, and left no doubt on my mind, from its appearance, that it had just left its anchorage in the soft mud. It was thus a matter of satisfaction to me to think that I had determined this one fact about the manner of life of this strange sponge, the more so, as this was the point which I had been asked to report on by the Council of the Royal Irish Academy. I propose, in my Report to this body, to go into this subject in some detail. The specimen of Hyalonema was at once placed in a glass of sea water. The “glass rope’ was covered over with a colony of little Polythoa, which were observed to be alive. Any amount of Hyalonema spicules could have been gathered from the mud, but time was precious ; it was evident we were on the proper ground; and another trial with the dredge was made, again without success. As the day got on a stiffish breeze got up, and it was considered unsafe to dredge any more. It must not be forgotten that our boat was an open undecked boat, and one not at all suitable for rough weather. Seeing my disappointed looks, the men said they would let down the long line and take some sharks, and, perhaps, even in this way obtain some of the Hyalonema. The bait used was small codling, and about twenty baited hooks were attached to the line. When it had lain on the bottom about two hours the men drew it in again. As the baited portion reached the boat, there was an evident strain on the line, but at the same time there was no evidence of any struggling fish, such as would have been the case had a dog-fish been hooked. The men had to pull hard, and at last one big dark-coloured shark, and another and then another made its appearance, until five or six were drawn on board; they fell on the deck, quite dead. I have no doubt that they were choked in their passage through the water. They turned out to be the Centroscymnus ccelolepis of Bocage and Capello. . We now set sail for Setubal, which we reached late in the evening. Professor Bocage was waiting to receive us. There being no late train to Lisbon, we had to sleep at Setubal that night, but reached Lisbon very early on Wednesday morning. Wednesday and Thursday were spent in going over the Museum with Professor Bocage and Signor Capello, his assistant. The first things naturally that attracted my attention were the specimens of Hyalonema; ten of these were from Setubal, and most of them were preserved in spirits of wine: they were, certainly, the very finest collection of this remarkable sponge in Europe. The largest had a stem WRIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY AND PORTUGAL. 309 (glass rope) about eighteen inches in height; there were no parasites of any kind on it, and it was furnished with a sponge-mass, some seven to eight inches in diameter, and nearly as much in height. This sponge-mass bore evident traces of having had its basal portion, i.e. that to which the glass rope was attached, resting on the mud. The sponge- mass itself was convex on the outer surface, and somewhat hollow in- ternally. On the inner surface there were numerous oscula, which were all covered over with a beautifully reticulated network of spicules, which network also partially invested the whole of the inner surface of the sponge [I have figured an osculum, which Professor Bocage gave me leave to cut out, in ‘‘ Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science’’ for January, 1870]. I believe this to be the finest speeimen yet taken of Hyalonema. A second specimen was very curious, for here two apparently distinct individuals had become matted together; the two glass ropes were interlaced, and the two sponge masses had grown together. This reminded me of a very interesting statement once made to me by Dr. Bowerbank, and one which I do not recollect to have seen in print, viz.—that when two sponge-masses of the same species approach each other they speedily become united ; but should they be of different species, no matter how interlaced they become there is no union between them, and their dried skeleton forms can be separated most perfectly the-one from the other. Specimens 4, 5, 6, 7, consisted chiefly of glass-ropes, and were all covered with Polythoa; 8, had, in addition to the Polythoa, a large Actinia, from a hasty examination I should think this was, probably, a new species of Sagartia. Numbers 9 and 10 were covered with para- sitic forms, and the latter number had, I think, attached a species of Adamsia, probably new. As all these species were from the deep water basin off Setubal, there can be no doubt that its living fauna is pretty extensive. Number 11 hada species of Antipathes attached ; and number 12 was the smallest of all, and not much larger than the one I obtained. Professor Bocage also showed me several new and most interesting forms of sponge, lately obtained by him from the coast near Lisbon, of which we may expect to see the descriptions published soon. In looking over a small collection of sponges from the Cape de Verd Islands, I found a very lovely species of the genus Aphrocallistes, of which a specimen was most kindly and liberally given to me by Professor Bocage. This species I have named A bocager, after my ex- cellent friend. A description of it will be found in the “ Quarterly- Journal of Microscopical Science” for January, 1870. A _ beautiful figure of this form, from the pencil of Mr. Ford, will be found on Plate XII. Iam also indebted to Professor Bocage for specimens of Primnoa lepadifera, Paragorgia arborea, and Keratoisis Grayit, which last I have described in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for January, 1869, as a new genus and species. All these were taken at a considerable depth off the coast of Setubal. The Museum of Lisbon is richer, however, in other groups than in sponges ; and here I should mention, once for all, how rapidly it has 310 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. grown in importance under its present able director and his assistant, though, like all museums ‘‘in course of arrangement,’ and likely for years so to be, it has got this one advantage, that it possesses but little that is not good; the fitments are new and excellent, and it isin every way a great credit to the city of Lisbon. In my rapid survey of it I could not fail to take a note of the following among the many species that it contains:—Among the fishes I noted, Beryx decadactylus, Glasteros- teus brachycentrus, Pagellus owenii, Prometheus paradoxus (a fine spe- cimen presented by Dr. Gunther), -Alepesaurus ferox, Lechia amia, Chidsmodon mger, a perfect specimen taken from very deep water off Setubal; a large hook and a quantity of line was still enclosed in the capacious stomachal cavity; Cyprinus auratus; I mention this com- mon species for the purpose of alluding to the preservation of its brilliant colours. Specimens marked as being mounted in 1863 were as fresh and bright-looking as if they were still alive. Signor Capello informed me that they were preserved in creosote dissolved in alcohol, and then diluted with water; and he also showed me large specimens of gurnards that had been preserved in the same fluid, and were in a very fine state of colour; the bottles, however, require to be quite air-tight. Chimoera —? avery large specimen of a species near C. monstrosa, Notidanus griseus, and NV. cinereus and Echinorhinus spi- nosus, with its large placoid scales. Among the birds, I saw a fine specimen of Baleniceps rex and Alca impennis ; this latter was a present from the reigning king, who obtained it from the King of Italy. It is in excellent condition, and is an evidence of the great interest taken in this museum by the King of Portugal. ; Among the mammalia there was a fine series of Capra hispanica, Mygale pyreniaca, and I. moschata, from Russia; and of the wolf and lynx of Portugal; an excellent skin and skeleton of Galeopithecus voli- tans, and of Cheiromys Madagascarvensis ; a beautiful stuffed skin of Potamogale ferox. The collection of shells is very fine; many of the species are rare, and all of them are in a fine condition. The collection consists, for the most part, of the private collection of the king, who has an ex- tensive knowledge of this branch of Natural History. I noticed a large handsome shell, marked, in the handwriting of the king, Hinnites Angolensis MS., from Angola, but am not aware that it has ever been de- scribed. The collection contains choice specimens of such rare shells as Conus gloria-maris, Cypreus Scotut, C. aurantia, &e. Very large specimens of Panopea aldrovandi were marked as from Algarve. Signor Capello was at the time engaged in arranging the Crustacea and Arachnida. ‘The working-rooms of the musewm were spacious, and the director’s apartment was furnished with microsccpes, and an excellent library. I had intended spending a few days more in Portugal, but news came to Lisbon that a revolution in Spain was imminent, and the very day on which it should commence was named. I was advised to get to J WRIGHT—TOUR IN SICILY AND PORTUGAL. 311 Bordeaux as soon as possible, for, should the revolution turn out to be a bloody one, there might be great difficulty in getting across Spain, and a sea voyage to England was somewhat uncertain ; so, acting on the advice I had received, I left Lisbon on the evening of the 10th, -and on the evening of the 12th reached the frontier of France. The revo- lution burst into being on the morning of the 14th, but by that time I was in London. [I have here to apologise for thus publishing these brief and hur- ried notes of a pleasant tour. They were to have formed portion, and that but a small one, of ‘‘ Notes of our Tour,’’ which were to have been written by my friend, Mr. A. H. Haliday. I kept them back until they were required to enable me to send this volume to the press. The illness of my friend still forbidding him to complete his part of what was meant to be our joint work, I felt bound to redeem my promise to the Natural History Society, and hence the publication of these Notes in their present imperfect form. This will also account for the reference to some species that have been published after these Notes were read, but before the date of their going to press. | ** XXV11 APPENDIX. “LOST ‘ST ‘aor ‘ssonpny § ‘NOLSNHOL AXRIZVW \ aALVTOd TUOUD ““aunsvat], ‘SMAVGONVY SOHLYV ‘P38 “S6L ELIF "sjU0 Jed ¢ MON oY} UL puny poarosoy pue “pg "s] BEF Sureq souryeg oy} “oeI100 woy} pug pur ‘syunosoy eAoqe oy) poqpNe cary oA\ OL 6I O9TF | | é OL 61 O9TF ee —— g I 28 ° ° e ro) ° ° ‘Qouv[eq oe Oe 3S Gr ae aN a ‘MOISSIUWOD) $,10}D9T[0Q — 6262-0 = = * ‘oseisog puv siodedsmaNy — 9 6) 0 : : ‘99QT ‘sossepy Joy ‘uolIe A, — ve 0 206s a2 : : Sdoneen qe souvpuey}y — 0 616 : : a ‘OORT 10y ‘om “SUIUIIg — Dra OS anon DRS rrisiciteye) 0 OT2 odo SOE "a ‘OVeL SATE TTT = wed §¢ SEN. P8 ‘$61 LTE wo BNI ASD. CIO OTe 38> * “9981 ‘ToqUIEAON 09 ‘C98T OPS s 0G s~ * © ‘snondiiosqng — petuiexe N moe “oa ‘syoog JO JYSIo1g puv osvysog — i Co Lg ala A a ‘pivMioy oourjeg Aq 0 0 Og ‘+ + *y90}g "JUD Jed @ MONT UI JUETUJSaAUT OF, DSF ‘a9 p Ss § “Iq ‘SAANSVAAL GHL HLIM LNOOOOV NI NITHOC JO ALAIOOS AVOLSIN TVANLIVN “XT ON VOL. VY. XXVIil APPENDIX. No. X. SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS ENTITLED TO RECEIVE THE PROCEED- INGS OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. The Societies are arranged in a single list, in the alphabetical order of the places in which they are established :— Atnwick, . . The Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club. ALTENBURG, . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft. AMSTERDAM, . De Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. A . . Het Koninklijk Zoologisch Genootschap. AncerRS, . . la Société Linnéene du Departement de Maine-et-Loire. Avesspure, . Der naturhistorische Verein in Augsburg. BampBere, - . Der naturhistorische Verein in Bamberg. i BAsEL, . . . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft. Berun, . . Die kénigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. Der botanische Verein fiir die Provinz Brandenburg. Bern, . . . Die Schweizerische Gesellschaft fiir die gesammten Naturwissen- schaften. ‘3 . . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft. | BomBay, . . The Royal Asiatic Society. Bonn, . . . Dernaturbistorische Verein der Preussischen Rheinlande und West- phalens. Bonn and BreEs- fae kaiserliche Leopoldinisch-Carolinische Akademie der Naturfor- LAU, scher zu Bonn und Breslau. BourDEAUX, . La Société Linnéenne de Bourdeaux. Boston, . . The Boston Society of Natural History. Bremen, . . Dernaturwissenschaftliche Verein. BRESLAU, . . Die Schlesische Gesellschaft fiir vaterlandische Cultur. sh . . Der Akademische naturwissenschaftliche Verein zu Breslau. Bruces, . . La Société des Sciences naturelles de Bruges. Bruny, .. Der naturforschende Verein. BrRuXELLES, . L’Academie Royale des Sciences de Bruxelles. Carmen, . . . La Société Linneénne de Normandie. CatcuTTa,. . The Asiatic Society of Bengal. CarutsruHe, . Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein. CHAMBERY, ._ La Société Academique de Savoie. CHARLESTON, . The Elliott Society of Natural History. CuErsourG, . La Société Impériale des Sciences naturelles. Cuicaco, . . The Academy of Sciences, CurRIsTIANA, . Videnskabs Selskabet. Cuur, . . . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft Graubtindens. CormarR, . . La Société d'Histoire naturelle de Colmar. CopENHAGEN, . Det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Kjobenhayn. Danziec, . . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft. DorpaT, . . Die Naturforscher-Gesellschaft. DRESDEN, . . Die Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Heilkunde. PA . Die naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ‘' Isis.” Dusuin, . . The Royal Irish Academy. e . . The Royal Dublin Society. 49 - » The Royal Geological Society of Ireland. EpinspurGH, . The Botanical Society of Edinburgh. A ” : The Royal Society of Edinburgh. ELBERFELD, . Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein von Elberfeld und Barmen. APPENDIX. XX1x FRANKFURT-AM- AGN, } Die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft. re Cc FREIBURG, . GENEVE, ” 0 GIESSEN, . GLAsGow, Go6RLITz, G6TTINGEN, GRAZ, HAARLEM, ATER, . 2) Hampurce, . HAanau, HANOVER, HEIDELBERG, HELSINGFORS, . HERMANNSTADT, Hut, JENA, Kinr1, KONIGSBERG, 9 LAUSANNE, . LAYBACH, LEEDs, . LEIPzie, LIEGE, . LIVERPOOL, . Lonpoy, 7 oP) LUNEBRG, LUXEMBOURG, . von, -. . MALVERN, . MANCHESTER, MANNHEIM, . MARBURG, . MAURITIUS, . MECKLENBURG, Metz, MILAN, . MONTREAL, . Moscow, Monicu, Der mikroskopische Verein. Die naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Freiburg im Breisgau. La Société de Physique et d’Histoire naturelle, L’Institut National Genevois. Die Oberhessische Gesellschaft fur Natur- und Heilkunde. The Natural History Society. Die naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Gorlitz. . . Die kénigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Der naturforschende Verein fur Steiermark, Graz. y) De Hollandsche Maatschapij der Wetenschappn te Haarlem. Die naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Halle. Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein fur Sachsen und Thuringen in Halle. Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein in Hamburg. Die Wetterauische Gesellschaft fir die gesammte Naturkunde. Die naturhistorische Gesellschaft zu Hannover. Der naturhistorisch-medicinische Verein. Societas Scientiarum Fennica. Der Siebenburgische Verein fur Naturwissenschaften zu Hermann- stadt. The Literary and Philosophical Society. Die kaiserliche Leopoldinsch-Carolinische deutsche Akademie der Na- turforscher. Der Verein jenseits der Elbe fur Verbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse. Der Preuissische botanische Verein. Der Fauna-Verein. La Société Vaudoise des Sciences naturelles. Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein. The Philosophical and Literary Society. Die kénigliche Sachsische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. La Société Royale des Sciences de Liége. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. The Entomological Society of London. The Linnean Society. The Zoological Society. Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein. La Société des Sciences naturelles du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. La Société Linnéene de Lyon, The Malvern Naturalists’ Field Club. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. Der Verein fur Naturkunde. Die Gesellschaft zur Befirderung der gesammten Naturwissen- schaften. The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences. Der Verein der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg, Neu Brandenburg. La Société d’Histoire naturelle du Département de la Moselle. Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Milano, The Natural History Society of Montreal. La Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Die kénigliche bayersche Akademie der Wissenschaft in Munchen. XXX NAPLES, NEUCHATEL, NEUSTADT, NEWCASTLE- ON- TYNE, NEw ORLEANS, . New York, NURNBERG, PALERMO, PaRIs, PEsT, PHILADELPHIA, PLYMOUTH, PRAG, PRESSBURG, PRIVAS, . APPENDIX. Societa Reale di Napoli—Accademia della Scienze fisiche e matema- tiche di Napoli. La Societé des Sciences naturelles de Neuchatel. Der naturwissenchaftliche Verein der Bayerischen Pfalz. } The Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club. The Academy of Sciences. The Lyceum of Natural History. Die naturhistorische Gesellschaft. Accademia di Scienze e Lettere di Palermo. L’Academie des Sciences. L’ Institut Impérial de France. La Société Botanique de France. La Société de Biologie. Die koniglich-ungarische Gesellschaft fur Naturwissenschaften in Pesth. The Academy of Natural Sciences. The Plymouth Institution and Devon and Cornwall Natura History Society. Der naturhistorische Verein “ Lotos.” Der Verein fur Naturkunde. La Société des Sciences naturelles. REGENSBURG (Ratisbon), Der Zoologisch-mineralogische Verein in Regensburg. 99 , RIGA, 5. SHREWSBURY, St. FRANCISCO, . St. GALL, St. Louis, St. PETERSBURG, SrocKHOLM, STRASBOURG, STUTTGART, . TAUNTON, TORONTO, TURIN, . UPSALA, VENICE, VIENNA, 3 99 WASHINGTON, WIESBADEN, WuRZzBURG, ZURICH, ” Die k. bayersche botanische Gesellschaft zu Regensburg. Der naturforschende Verein. The Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and Antiquarian Society. The Academy of Sciences. Die naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. The Academy of Sciences. L’Academie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien. La Société du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Strasbourg. Der Verein fiir vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurtemburg. The Somersetshire Archzological and Natural History Society. Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art. Real Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Kong]. Vetenskaps Societaten. Imper. Reg. Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti. Der k. k. zoologisch-botanische Verein in Wien. Der Verein zur Verbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse. Die Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. The Smithsonian Institution. Der Verein fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau. Die physicalisch-medicinische Gesellschaft in Wurzburg. Die Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Zurich. Die allgemeine schweizerische Gesellschaft fiir die geaniintend Natur- Seon aeicat APPENDIX. XXX1 Nor Xl PUBLICATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES RECEIVED. (From NovemBer, 1867, To NovEMBER, 1868.) THE following Societies, arranged in the alphabetical order of the places in which they are established, have kindly sent their Publications for the acceptance of the Natural History Society of Dublin; and the safe receipt of same, as below specially detailed, is hereby, with best thanks, duly acknowledged :— AMSTERDAM, . 7 BERN, . Bonn, . Boston, ” ”? ? BREMEN, BRESLAU, . BRuNN, BRUSSELS, © rh) ) CALCUTTA, CHRISTIANA, . Jaarboek van de Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, 1866. Processen-verbaal van de gewone Vergaderingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, 1866-7. Mittheilungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, 1867, 1868. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rhein- lande und Westphalens, in Bonn. Dritte Folge; 4. Jahrgang, 1867. Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. I., Parts I., II., and III. Proceedings, Vol. X., p. 289, c. 418, 1864-1866. Proceedings, Vol. XI., 1868. Condition and Doings, 1866, 1867, 1868; I., 1868-9. Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom naturwissench. Vereine zu Bremen, I. Band, Il., III. Heft, 1867, 1868. Jahresbericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fiir vaterlandische Cultur, 1866, 1867. Abhandlungen, Philosophisch-historische Abtheilung, 1867, 1868, Heft I. Abtheilung fur Naturwissenschaften und Medicin, 1867-8. Verzeichniss der in den Schriften der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fiir vaterlandische Cultur von 1804 bis 1863 incl. enthaltenen Auf- satze geordnet nach den Verfassern in alphabetischer Folge. Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Briinn; V. Band, 1866. Akadémie royale des Sciences, des Lettres, et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique; Bulletins des Séances de la Classe des Sciences. 2 Ser. XXII, 1866; XXITI., 1867; XXIV., 1867. Des Lois mathématiques concernent les Etoiles filantes; par M. Ad. Quetelet, 1867. Annuaire de l’Academie, 1867, 1868. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal :— Part I., No. XV., 1866; No. 1., 1867; No. III., 1867. Part II., No. I., 1867; No. I., 1868. Proceedings, Nos. II.—VII., 1867. Proceedings, Nos. VI.—VIII., 1868. Index to Vol. XXXV., Parts I., II. Index to Proceedings, 1866. Extra Number, 1868. Det kongelige norske Frederiks Universitets Aarsberetning for Aaret 1866. Legater og Stipendier, 1867. Beretning om en botanisk Reise i Omegnen af Femunda Oen og in Trysil; af H. L. Sorenson, 1867. Morkinskinna; Pergaments-bog fra forste Halvdel af det trettende Aarhundrede; af C. R. Unger. Etudes sur les Affinités chimiques, par C. M. Guldberg et P. Waage, 1867. Index Scholarum in Universitate regia Fredericiana, Jan. et Aug. 1867. XXX APPENDIX. Cuur,. . . Jahresbericht der naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubiindens; Neue Folge XI., 1864-5; XIII, (1867-8). Danzic, . . Schriften der naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Band II., Heft I. DorpatT, . . Archiv fir die Naturkunde, Liv-, Khst- und Kurlands ; herausgegeben von der Dorpater Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Erste Serie, Dritter Band :—Zweite Lieferung, 1862; Dritte Lieferung, 1862; Vierte Lieferung, 1864; Vierter Band, Erste Lieferung, 1867. Zweite Serie, Sechster Band, erste Lieferung, 1862; Zweite Lieferung, 1864; Siebenter Band, erste Lieferung, 1867. Sitzungen der Gesellschaft, 1857, 1858, 1861, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866; Sitzungsberichte, 1853-1860. Dusuin, . . Journal of the Royal Dublin Society, Part XXXVI., 1867. DresDEN, . Denkschrift der Gesellschaft fur Natur- und Heilkunde, Sept., 1868. Sitzungsberichte, Jan., Mai, Oct., Dec., 1867. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldino-Carolinischen deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, XXXIII. Band, 1867; XXXIV. Band, 1868. Sitzungsberichte der naturwiss. Gesellschaft ‘‘ Isis” zu Dresden Jahrgang 1867 (No. 7-12); Jahrgang 1868 (No. 4-6). EDINBURGH, . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Session 1866-7. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. IX., Part L., 1867. FRANKFORT ‘“‘ Der Zoologische Garten ;’’ Zeitschrift fiir Beobachtung, Pflege und rh) ON Zucht der Thiere ; herausgegeben von der zoologischen Gesellschaft THE MAINE, zu Frankfurt-am-Main; VII. Jahrgang, No. 7-12, 1866. rs schenden Gesellschaft, Band VI., Heft. L, II., IIL, IV. FREIBURG IM ( Berichte tuber die Verhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu BREISGAU, Freiburg-im-Breisgau. Band IV., Heft ITI., LV., 1867. “Giessen, . . Die oberhessische Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Heilkunde in Giessen ; Bericht, 1853. Goruirz,. . Abhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Gorlitz, XIIT. Band, 1868. HANOVER, . Funfzelinter Jabresbericht der naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 1864-5; Sechszehnter und Siebenzehnter Jabresbericht, 1865-7. rh) 1780; vom Oberlehrer L. Mejer, 1867. HaarLeM, . Archives néerlandaises des Sciences exactes et naturelles, publiées par la Société Hollandaise des Sciences 4 Haarlem. Tome II., 3, 4, 5; Tome ITI., 1, 2, HeIDELBERG, Verhandlungen des naturhistorisch-medicinischen Vereins zu Heidel- berg. Band IV. (Heft III., IV., V., 1866-7). Heustnerors, Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennice, Tomus VIJI., Pars I., 1867; jePars Al. 13867. Ofversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societatens Forhandlingar, VIII. 1865-6). ae till Kannedom af Finlands Natur och Folk, VII.—X. (1866-7). HERMANNSTADT, Verhandlungen und Mittheilungen des Siebenbiirgischen Vereins fur Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt; Jahrgang XVI. (1865); XVII. (1866). Hurt, . . . Annual Report of the Council of the Hull Literary and Philosophical Society, 1866-7. 9 Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturfor-— ‘ Die Veranderungen in dem Bestande der Hannoverschen Flora seit . APPENDIX. XXXlil Kiet, . . . Mittheilungen des Vereins nordlich der Elbe zur Verbreitung natur- wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse, Heft I., 8, 1857-1867. KoniesBere, . Schriften der Konig]. physikalisch-dkonomischen Geselischaft ; Sech- ster Jahbrgang, 1865; Siebenter Jahrgang, 1866. LEEDs,. . . The Annual Report of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, 1865-6. Lizcr, . . Memoires de Ja Société Royale des Sciences de Liége. Deuxiéme Serie, Tome I, (1866). Lonpon, . . Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, Parts I.-II]., 1866; Part IIJ., 1867; Parts I., I1., 1868; Index, 1848-1860. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnzan Society, Vol. IX., Zoology, Nos. 36, 37, 38, 40, 41; Vol. X., No. 43; Vol. X., Botany, Nos. 41, 42, 44, 45, 46. Lyons, . . Annales des Sciences physiques et naturelles, d’Agriculture, et d’In- dustrie, publiées} par la Société impériale d’ Agriculture, etc., de Lyon. Tome [X., 1865; Tome X., 1866. LUNEBERG, . Jahreshefte des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur das Furstenthum Lineberg; I., 1866. Luxemsoure, Société des Sciences naturelles du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Tome neuviéme, Annee 1866. Observations météorologiques faites 4 Luxembourg; par F. Reuter, 1367. MAncHEsTER, Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, Vol. IL, 3rd Ser., 1865. MANNHEIM, . Dreiunddreissigster Jahtesbericht des Mannheimer Vereines fur Natur- kunde, 1867. Maovritius, . Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius, N. S., Vol. I., Part II., 1860; Vol. II., Parts IT., III., 1865. Mitan, . . Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere Milano; Rendiconti classe di Scienze matematiche e naturali; Vol. II., Fasc. TX. and X.; Vol. IIl., Fasc. I.-IX. Sulla Vinificazione Memoria del Professore Francesco Dini, 1865. Il secondo Congresso internazionale SETEDT ed il Regno d'Italia, 1866. Solenni Ademanze del R. Istituto Tobia di Scienze e Lettere, 1866. Del Lavoro messo a Capitale e della sua applicazione agli Scienziati e letterati Italiani Memoria del Prof. B. Poli. s Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze naturali Milano ; > VoloVild., Fasc. III.—V.; Vol. [X., Fase. I.—II. Moscow, . . Bulletindela Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Nos. I.-IV. 1867). MunNIcH, . . eas der Konigl.-baeyr. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen ; 1867, I., Heft IV.; 1867, I1., Heft I—IV.; 1868, L., Heft I.-IV. ; 1868, I]., Heft I. Abhandlungen der mathematisch-physickalischen Classe der k. b. Akademie der Wissenschaften ; zehnten Bandes erste Abtheilung, 1866. Ueber die Brauchbarkeit der in verschiedenen europaischen Staaten verdffenlichten Resultate des Recruitirungs-geschaftes zur Beurthei- lung des Entwickelungs- und Gesundheit-zustandes ihrer Bevol- kerungen; von Dr. T. L. W. Bischoff, 1867. Napies, . . Societa reale di Napoli; Rendiconto dell’ Accademia delle Scienze fisiche e matematiche; Anno Y., Fasc. L—XII. (1866); Anno VL, Fasc. I.-Y. (1867). Atti della reale Accademia delle Scienze e belle Lettere di Napoli, 1787; Vol. II. (1865), i? XXX1V NEWCASTLE- on-TYNE, New Yor«, MECKLENBURG, NrEvu BRANDEN- BURG, PEsTH,. 99 APPENDIX. Natural History Transactions of Northumberland and Durham, Vol. I., Part III. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, Vol. VIIL., 11-17. Archiv des Vereines der Freunde der Naturgeschichte, 2 Jahrg., 1868. A kirdlyi Magyar Természettudomanyi Tarsulat Kézlonye (Royal Hungarian Society of Natural Sciences), Vol. V.i—VII. (1865-7). A kirdlyi Természettudoményi Tarsulat, Tortenete alapittatdsdtdl Fogoa maig. PHILADELPHIA, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9 PYLMOUTH, PRAGUE, STUTTGART, . Sr. Louts, SWITZERLAND, ba] VIENNA, WASHINGTON, ” rh) 9 WIESBADEN, WuRTEMBERG, WwuRzBURG, . Nos. 1-4; 1867. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia for promoting Useful Knowledge, Vol. X., No. 73 (1865). Annual Report and Transactions of the Plymouth Institution and Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society, Vol. II., Part I., 1866-7. “ Lotos’’: Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom naturhistorischen Vereine ‘‘ Lotos” in Prag; Fiinfzehnter Jahrgang, 1866; Sechszehnter Jahrgang, 1866; Siebenzehnter , Jahrgang, 1867. Wiurttembergische naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte, XXIV. Jahr- gang; Heft I., II. The Transactions of the Academy of Natural Sciences of St. Louis. Vol. II. (1861-1868). Actes de la Société helvétique des Sciences naturelles (Neuchatel), 1866, (Rheinfelden), 1867. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Erste Abtheilung. LIV., Heft Il, V.; LV., Heft. I.—V.; LVI., Heft I.-V. Zweite Abtheilung, LIV., Heft I.-V.; LV., Heft I1.-V.; LVI., Heft I.-V. Die k. k. zoologisch-botanische Gesellschaft in Wien.—Contribuzione pella Fauna dei Molluschi Dalmati per Spridione Brusina. Nachtrage zur Flora von Nieder-Oesterreich ; von Dr. August Neilreich, Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institu- tion. Check List of the Invertebrate Fossils of North America, by T. A. Conrad. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections:—(145) Monograph of Ameri- can Corbiculade by Temple Prime (140); List of the Coleoptera of North America, by John L. Leconte, M. D., (167) ; New Species of North American Coleoptera, Part I., by John Leconte, M. D. (143); Land and Freshwater Shells of North America, Parts II. and IIL, by W. G. Binney. Annual Report of the Trustees of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Boston, 1866. Jahrbucher des Vereins fiir Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, 19-20. Heft (1864-6). Jahreshefte des Vereines fur vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurtem- berg. Dreiundzwanzigster Jahrgang, 1867. Wiirzburger naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift. Sechster Band, IY. Heft (1866-7). APPENDIX. XXXKV Now XL, LIST OF MEMBERS CORRECTED TO NOVEMBER, 1869. Corrections of Errors or Omissions will be thankfully. recewed by the Secretaries. HONORARY MEMBERS. Elected. 1863. 1. Agassiz, D.L., F.R.S., F.L.8., Cambridge, U.S. 1858. 2. Bate, Charles Spence, F.R.S., F.L.8., 8, Mulgrave-place, Plymouth. 1854. 3. Bell, Thomas, F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., Selborne, Hants. 1845. 4. Berkeley, Rev. Miles Joseph, M.A., F.L.8., King’s Cliff, Wandesford. 1863. 5. Carus, J. Victor, M.D., &c. Leipzig. 1860. 6. de Brebisson, Alphonse, Falaise, France. 1853. 7. Gray, John Edward, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., British Museum. 1863. 8. Gray, Asa, M.D., Cambridge, U. S. 1846. 9. Hincks, Rev. Dr., Belfast. 1863. 10. Huxley, T.. M.D. F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., &., 26, Abbey-place, St. John’s Wood ; and 28, Jermyn-street, London. 1863. 11. Hyrtl, Joseph, M.D., Professor of Anatomy, University of Vienna. 1841. 12. Jones, Thomas Rymer, F.R.S., 18, S¢. Leonard’s-terrace, Bloomfield-road, London. 1863. 13. Leidy, Joseph, M.D., Philadelphia. 1863. 14. M‘Coy, Frederick, F. see S., University ofilelbourie 1851. 15. Munroe, Colonel W., F.L. ‘s 39th Regiment. 1854. 16. Newman, Edward, EF, 19S:, 9, Devonshire-street, Bishopsgate, London. 1854. 17. O’Kelly, M.J., Rochestown House, Killiney. 1863. 18. Owen, Richard, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.8., &c., British Museum, London. 1859. 19. Patterson, Robert, F.R.S., M.R.I.A., Belfast. 1841. 20. Boyle, Forbes, King’s College, London. 1854. 21. Sabine, Major-General Edward, R.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., 13, Ashley-place, Victoria-street, Westminster. 1854. 22. Westwood, Joseph Obadiah, A. M., F. L. S. LIFE MEMBERS. 1838. 1. Andrews, William, M.R.1.A.,F.R.G.S.1., 4, Nassau-street ; and ‘The Hill,” Monkstown. 1857. 2. Archer, William, 21; Upper Pembroke-street. 1863. 3. Ball, Robert, 47, Wellington-place. 1857. 4. Barnewall, Richard. 1849. 5. Borough, Sir Edward, Bart., 4, Nassau-street ; 61, Fitzwilliam-square, N. and Glenavena, Howth. 1860. . Corbett, J. H., Professor of Anatomy, Queen’s College, Cork. 6 1858. 7. Crowe, Edward, Brighton-terrace, Bray. 1855. 8. Haughton, Rev. Samuel, M.D., F. T.C.D.,F.R.S., M. R.A, V.P.R.G.S.1., Wellington-road. 1845. 9. Hemphill, Robert, 3, Great Clarence-street. 1838, 10. Hill, Lord George, M.R.I.A., Gweedore, Dunfanaghy. 1848. 11. Hone, Nathaniel, M.R.1I.A., St. Dolough’s. 1854, 12. Maxwell, Robert Perceval, Groomsport, Bangor, Co. Down. 1848. 13. Montgomery, Robert John, 57, Leinster-road, Rathmines. 1863. 14. M‘Clintock, Sir Leopold, R.N., LL. D. 1840. 15. Pollock, George A., Oatlands, Navan. VOL. V. * XXXVl Elected. 1863. 1840. 1847. 1850. 1863. 1839. 1856. 1838. 1863. 1867. 1863. 1861. 1866. 1859. 1858. 1863. 1843. 1867. 1854, 1863. 1860. 1863. 1851. 1863. 1865. 1863. 1865. 1840. 1864. 1864. 1863. 1864. 1839. 1867. 1860. 1865. 1867. 1858. 1854. 1856. 1863. 1863. 1866. 1856.. 1862. 1865. 1863. 1864, = — ONMHFGOP wwe pe Nore oO Oo APPENDIX. Powerscourt, Right Hon. Lord Viscount, Powerscourt Castle, Ennisherry. . Raye, Henry R., Greencastle, Buncrana. . Renny, Henry Lawes, R. E., M.R.1.A. . Smith, George, 71, Lower Baggot-street. . Smyly, Ph. C.,M.D., L.K.Q.C.P., F.R.C.S.1., 8, Merrion-square. . Townsend, R. W. . Whitty, John Irvine, LL. D., D.C.L., 94, Lower Baggot-street. . Williams, Richard Palmer, M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.1., 38, Dame-street. ANNUAL MEMBERS. . Andrews, Arthur, 4, New Brighton, Monkstown. . Andrews, George, Williamstown Castle. . Andrews, Henry, Hastings, Ovoca-avenue, Blackrock. Armstrong, Andrew, Claddagh-terrace, Bray. . Bain, John, A.L.S., 12, Pembroke-road. . Bagot, Andrew H., 24, Leinster-road, Rathmines. . Baily, W. Hellier, F.L.S., F, G.S., 135, Belville, Rathgar-road. . Barker, John, M.D., F.R.C.S.1.,M.R.1.A., F.R.G.S.1., 83, Waterloo- road. . Barrington, John, Sir, Glenvar, Merrion-avenue, Blackrock. . Barrington, R. M., Fassaroe, Bray. . Barton, Henry Malkin, 5, Foster-place. . Bennett, E. H., M.D., F.R.C.8.1., F.R.G.S.1., 2, Upper Fitzwilliam- street. . Bewley, Thomas, Rockville, Newtownpark-avenue, Blackrock. . Bradshaw, G.B., F.R.G.S.1. . Brady, Francis William, Q.C., 22, Upper Leeson-street. . Brady, Thomas F., Percy-place. . Brooke, Sir Victor A., Bart., Colebrook, Brookeborough. . Brownrigg, William Bookey, A. B., Ex Sci. Sch., T.C.D., F.R.G.S.1., Moorhill, Brannoxtown. . Byron, Ryland, 2, Fitzwilliam-place. . Callwell, Robert, M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.1L, 25, Herbert-place. . Cane, Richard, 60, Dawson -street. 2. Carte, Alexander, M.D., F.R.C.S.1.,F.L.8., M.R.1.A., F.R.G.S.1, Royal Dublin Society, Kildare-street. . Carte, William, L.R.C.S.1., Royal Hospital, Kilmainham. . Clermont, Right Hon. Thomas, Baron, M. R. I. A., Ravensdale Park, Newry Ce. M.D. ,#.K.Q.C.P., M.R.1.A., FOR, Gone, Fellow Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 7, Merrion-square. . Francis R. Cruise, M. D., Merrion-square. . Dawson, George, Peacock Lodge, Balbriggan. . Dickson, Rev. Benjamin, D.D., F.T.C.D., M.R.1.A.,, 1, eel : Dickson, Professor Alexander, M. D., Glasgow. . Dixon, George, F.R.G.S.L, gies street. . Domvile, William Compton, J .P., D.L., Thornhill, Bray. . Doyle, John B., F.R.G.S.1., Ballycastle, Co. Antrim. . Dunlop, A.A., Sutton, Howth. . Edgeworth, R.L., M.B., Kildare-street Club. . Ferrar, Rev. William Hugh, F.T.C.D., Trinity College. . Frazer, William, L.K.Q.C. P., L.R.C.S.1., 124, Stephen’s-green. . Foot, Arthur Wynne, M.D., L. R. C. 8.1, L.K.Q.C.P., 21, Lower Pembroke-str eet. . Garnett, William Stawell, Williamstown, Kells. . Geoghegan, Thomas Grace, M.D., F.R.C.S.1., 4, Upper Merrion-street. . Geoghegan, Thomas, 4, Upper Merrion-street. Elected. 1866. 1844. 1863. 1854. 1867. 1856. 1867. 1865. 1863. 1864, 1861. 1863. 1855. 1863. 1868. 1858. 1863. 1863. 1865. 1859. 1859. 1867. 1865. 1862. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1868. 1863. 1861. 1863. 1863. 1859. 1853. 1863. 1866. 1840. 1860. 1848. 1859. 1866. 1858. 1858. 1864. 1867. 1856. 1854. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 02. 53. 54, 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. (a's 72. 73. 74, 79. 76. aoe 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. APPENDIX. XXXVIL Grainger, Rev. John, University Club. Griffith, Sir Richard, Bart., LL. D., M.R.1,A., F.G.S., F.R.G.S. 1, 2, Fitzwilliam=place, South. Grimshaw, Thomas W., M.D., C.M., L.R.C.S.1., 13, Molesworth-street. Haughton, James, Chelsea Lodge, Duncannon, Co. Wexford. Hewitt, David B., M.D., 35, Vork-street. Hodges, William, Bank of Ireland. Hodgson, E. M., Howard, Francis John, Kenilworth-square, Rathgar. Hudson, Alfred, M.D., 2, Merrion-square, North. Jacob, A. H., M.D., F.R.C.S.1., 23, Ely-place. Johnston, Maziere, 7, Synnott-place. Jukes, Joseph Beete, Director G. S. IL, F. R. S8., M. R. I. A., 72, Upner Leeson-street. Kift, Thomas, Minnowbrook, Roundtown. Kinahan, Edward H., 11, Merrion-square, North. Knox, Major L. E., 53, Fitzwilliam-square. Lalor, John Joseph, 2, Longford-terrace, Salthill. Law, Robert, M.D., Hon. F.K.Q.C.P., M.R.I.A., 25, Upper Merrion- street. Lee, Rev. William, D. D., Archdeacon of Dublin, 50, Lower Leeson-street. Mackey, Alderman J. W., J. P., Clonsilla House, Clonsilla. Mathews, Edward, 62, Middle Abbey-street. Maziere, William, 1, Gardiner’ s-place. Minchin, Humphry, M.D., 56, Lower Dominick-street. de Moleyns, Lieut.-Col., the Hon. Dayrolles Blakeney, Burnham House, Dingle. Montgomery, Thomas Alexander, Howth. Montgomery, Alexander John, Howth. Moore, David, Ph. D., F.L.S.,M.R.1.A., Director Royal Dublin Soeiety’s Botanic Garden, Glasnevin. Moore; Robert H., F.R.C.S.1L, 28, Upper Merrion-street. Moore, W. Montgomery, Howth. Morgan, John, M.D., F.R.C_S.I., 23, Stephen’s-green, North. Mulvany, John S., 50, Lower Sackville-street. Macalister, Alexander, L.K.Q.C.P., L.R.C.S.I., Professor of Zoology, Trinity College. M‘Donnell, Robert, M.D., F.R.C.S.1, F.R.S., M.R.I.A, 14, Lower Pembroke-street. M‘Dowel, Benjamin G., M.D., C.M., F.R.C.S.1., Professor of Anatomy, Trinity College. M‘Dougall, William, M.R.1.A., Drumlish House, Carrickbrack, Howth. Napier, Right Hon, Sir Joseph, Bart., M.R.1.A., 4, Merrion-square, South. Nolan, Edward, 1, Palmerston Villas, Upper Rathmines. Nugent, Daniel, 7, Denmark-street. O’Brien, Octavius, F.R.G.S.1., 23, Kildare-street. O’Mahony, Rev. Thaddeus, Trinity College. Peacock, Peter Leslie, Merrion-square. Perrin, Richard, 97, Upper Mount-street. Porte, George, M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.1., Lansdowne Lodge, Beggarsbush road. ° Reeves, Robert, 22, Merrion-square. Reeves, Robert Cary, Knock, Co. Clure. de Ricci, Herman R., M.D., Upper Merrion-street. Roberts, Robert, Bank of Ireland. Sanders, Gilbert, M.R.1.A., F.R.G.S.1., ‘* The Hill,” Monkstown, XXXV1l1 Elected. 1866. 1855. 1866. 1856. 1863. 1856. 1840. 1868. 1866. 1859. 1864. 1862. 1855. 1863. 1866. 1866. 1866. 1862. 1865. 1854. 88. 89. 90. Sil . Stokes, William, Jun., M. D., C. M., L. R. C.S. I., Clare-street. APPENDIX. Smith, Fergus, 71, Lower Baggot-street. : Smith, Robert William, M.D., F.R.C.S.1., M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.1., 63, Eccles-street. Smith, Walter, 121, Lower Baggot-street. Stephens, Henry Colclough, 8, Pembroke-place ; and Greenwood, Shankill. Sutherland, Alexander, 60, Upper Sackville-street. . Todhunter, Joseph, 3, College-green. . Traquair, Professor R.H., M.D., Royal College of Science, Stephen’s- green. . Tyner, G. St.G., M.D., Asylum, Downpatrick. . Vickers, Henry Thomas, Ardbrae, Bray. . Waller, George A., 5, Brighton Vale, Monkstown. . Walpole, William White, Windsor Lodge, Monkstown. . West, Very Rev. John, D.D., M.R.1.A., Dean of St. Patrick’s, 6, Wilton- place. . Whiteside, Right Hon. J., Chief Justice Queen’s Bench, 2, Mountjoy-square. . Williams, William, Bachelor’s-walk. . Wilson, G. Orr, A. M., Dunardagh, Blackrock. . Wilson, Henry, F.R.C.S.1., 29, Lower Baggot-street. . Wilson, Thomas, 79, Waterloo-road. . Woodworth, Joseph H., 37, Dame-street. . Wright, E. Perceval, M.D., F.R.C.S.1., F.L. & Z.8., M.R.1.A., Pro- fessor of Zoology Dublin University, 5, Trinity College. ASSOCIATE MEMBER. . Gloyne C., 5, Haddington-terrace. . Glennon, John, Wicklow-street. CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. [Those marked with an asterisk (*) have paid 5s. Subscription for the last year, and are thus entitled to receive a Copy of the current Part of the ‘‘ Proceedings.” oy 1865. 1863. 1863. *1863. *1861. 1863. 1865. 1868. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1851. 1855. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1865. 1863. 1860. 1857. 1863. 1863. . Alexander, Surgeon, R. N., Queenstown. Allman, George J., M.D., F.R.C.8.1L, F.R.S., M.R.I, A., Regius Professor of Natural History, University of Edinburgh. . Allman, R. L., Bandon, Co. Cork. . Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F. L. S., F. G. S., Profes- sor of Botany, St. John’s College, Cambridge. . Blackett, Edward R., M. D., Southwold, Wangford,™ Sussex. . Bowerbank, J. Scott, LL. D., F.R.S., F.L. S., F. G.S., St. Leonards. . Brady, G. F., F. R. C. 8. E., Strabane. . Brocas, F. Y., 4, Mill-street, Hanover-square. London. . Browne, Captain Thomas, F. L. 8., Manchester. . Bryce, James, Jun., F.G.S., Glasgow. . Burkitt, Robert J., M. D., 5, Lady-lane, Waterford.. . Carroll, Isaac, Cork. . Chandlee, Thomas, Cork. . Clarke, Rev. Benjamin, A. M., Tuam, Galway. . Crozier, Captain, R. E., Gibraltar. . Dale, J. C., F. L.8., Granville Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset. . Delap, Rev. A., Milford. . . Dickie, George, M. D., F. L. S., Professor of Botany, Aberdeen. . Divers, Edward, M. D. . Dixon, Rev. Robert Vickers, D.D., Ex-F. T. C. D., Clougherney Rectory, Dungannon. . Douglas, J. W., 6, Kingswood Terrace, Lea, Kent. . Enniskillen, Right Hon. the Earl of, F. R. S., M.R.I. A., Florence Court, Enniskillen, Elected. APPENDIX. XXX1x . Emerson, Rev. J. M., Ballilinan, Athy. . Gage, R. Connolly, Rathlin Island, Ballycastle. . Gahan, Alfred, C. E., Donegal. . Garner, Robert, F. L. 8., Stoke-upon- Trent. . Gordon, Rev. George, The Manse, Birnie, Elgin, N. B. . Gosse, Philip Henry, F. R.S., Sandhurst, Torquay. . Greene, Rev. Joseph, Cubbley Rectory, Doveridge, Derbyshire. . Harte, William, C. E., F.R.G.S.I., Bunerana. . Harvey, Rev. Robert, Leck Glebe, Letterkenny. . Hassall, A. H., M. D., London. . Haughton, Captain, R. A., St. Helena. . Higgins, Rev. H., Liverpool. . Hodges, J. F., Professor of Agriculture, Belfast. . Hogan, Rev. A. R., M. A., Shaftsbury, Dorsetshire. . Hooker, J. Dalton, M.D., C.B., F. R.S., F.L.S., F. G.8., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. . Humphreys, John, Cork. . Ingham, Captain J. C., Athlone. . Janson, E. W., London. . Jardine, Sir W., F.R.S., F.L.S., Jardine Hall, Dumfriesshire. . Jeffreys, J. Gwynn, F.R. S., London. . Kennedy, William, Rathkeale. . Kinahan, GeorgeHenry, Geological Survey, Galway. King, W., Professor of Geology, Queen’s College, Galway. - Knox, Rev. Thomas, A. M., Lurgan. . Lankester, Edwin, M. D.,LL. D., F.R.S , F.L. S., Hampstead, London. . Lane, P. W., M. D., M. R.C.S.E., Newtownlimavady. . Lawson, Henry, M. D., London. - Lea, John Walter, The Grange, Shepperton-green, Chertsey, Surrey. . Leckey, W., Valentia Island. . Loughran, William, A. L. S., Polperro. . Lowe, Edward J., F. R.A.S., F.L.S., F. G. S., Nottingham. . M‘Andrew, Robert, F. R.S., F.L.S., Islesworth. - M‘Gee, William, M. D Donegal-square, Belfast. . M‘Ilwaine, Rev. W., D. D., Hampton, Belfast. . Martin, J., Portlaw. . Mayne, Rev. Charles, A. M., Killaloe. . Meade, R. H., Bradford, Yorkshire. . Melville, Alexander, M. D., Professor of Natural History, Queen’s College, Galway. . Murray, J. S., Milford. . Newton, Alfred, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Natural History, Cam- bridge. . O’Brien, George, M. D., Ennis. . O’Kelly, Joseph, C. E., Geological Survey. . Ogilby, William, F. R. S., Lisclean, Dunamanagh. . O'Meara, Rev. Eugene, A. M., Newcastle-Lyons Rectory, Hazelhatch. . Palmer, Sandford, Ballinlough, Roscrea. . Phillips, John, M. A., LL. D., F. R.S., Professor of Geology, Oxford. . Redfern, P., M. D., Professor of Anatomy, Queen’s College, Belfast. - Robinson, Rev. G. T., Armagh. . Roland, J., M. D., Bangor. . Sclater, Philip Lutley, M. A., F. R. S., Hanover-square, London. . Smith, Frederick, British Musewm, London. . Stainton, H.T., F.R.S., F. G. S., Lewisham, Kent. . Thomson, Wyville, LL. D., Professor of Natural History, Queen’s Col- lege, Belfast. . Townsend, Ven. Hamilton, Collooney. . Vize, Rev. John E., Bath. . Waller, Edward, Lissenderry, Aughnacloy. . Warren, Robert, Jun., Moyview, Ballina. Wilson, Lieut., R. N. APPENDIX. Elected. 1863. 81. Wollaston, Thomas Vernon, A. M., F. L. s., Hereford London. #1857, 82. Wynne, A. B., Geological Survey. cy hae “1860. Honorary, Members,"2) =<). eee eee he Life Members; ssi dj 020 Sap eae eee beg Annual Members, Boe Wink 1) gata eile set Associate Member, 9-5 iene. ener Corresponding Members,. . . . . 82 ee 7 i’ 236 ToTAL NUMBER OF Mempnrs OF THE Sociny AT Vey ss 1. [ Corrections of Errors, or Omissions, will be thankfully pecuee by the Secreta addressed, Royau IntsH ACADEMY House, Dawson-sTREET, DUBLIN. | — xli APPENDIX. 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Section I.—OBJECTS AND CONSTITUTION OF THE SOCIETY. 1.—That this Society shall be called the Natural History Society of Dublin, and have for its object the Promotion of Natural History, more especially that of Ireland. 2.—That the Society shall consist of Ordinary, Corresponding, Associate, and Hono- rary Members. 3.—The Officers of the Society shall be chosen from the Ordinary Members, and shall consist of a President, four Vice-Presidents, two Secretaries, and a Treasurer; and that these, with thirteen other ordinary Members, shall constitute a Council. 4,—The Officers and other Members of Council for each vear shall be elected at the Annual General Meeting in November. Should a vacancy occur by death, resignation, or otherwise, the Council may fill it, if considered advisable. 5.—That the number of Members be unlimited. 6.—That it shall be deemed sufficient service of notice concerning the business cf the Society to put it into the Post Office, directed to the residence of each Member re- gistered on the books of the Society. SecTion II].—ApDMISSION OF MEMBERS. 7.—That the form for the election of Members of the Society shall be as follows :— ~ Notice shall be given to the Secretaries ten days before the stated Monthly Meetings, of the name and residence of the person proposed, with the name of the proposer and seconder; and that said names shall be printed on a separate balloting paper to be forwarded to all the Members along with the usual summonses convening the next ensuing Monthly Meeting. In voting for a Candidate a mark must be made opposite the name, and in voting against a line must be drawn through the name on such balloting paper, a name unmarked counting as no vote. 8.—That each Member shall pay an admission fee of One Pound. 9.—That the Election shall be by Ballot, and shall take place at the Ordinary or other General Meeting of the Society (provided fifteen Members be present); one black bean to three white shall exclude. 10.—That the Annual Subscription be One Pound, payable in advance, on the first of November in each year, and that Members elected at the Meetings of May or June shall, on payment of their entrance fee and subscription, be considered as having paid for the current and following year. 11.—Non-resident Members, living more than ten miles from Dublin, may compound for life on payment of Five Pounds; such Members afterwards becoming resident for two months in a year to pay a subscription of Ten Shillings per annum, or, at their option, to pay a further composition of Five Pounds, 12.—Associate Members shall pay a Subscription of Five Shillings per annum, pay- able in advance. 13.—Corresponding Members, on payment of Five Shillings per annum, in advance, shall be entitled to the Proceedings of the Society, and Reports of the Monthly Meetings. Corresponding Members resident for two months in Dublin shall pay the Subscription, as Associate Members for that vear. 14.—That, before any gentleman be balloted for as a Member of the Society, the Treasurer shall certify that the Entrance Fee and Subscription of such person has been lodged with him. 15.—That, on the night of Ballot, a gentleman proposed as a Member eannot be allowed the privilege of voting, or of attending the Meeting as a Member. 16.—The Secretary shall furnish each Member on his Election with notice thereof. VOL. Vs g xliv APPENDIX. 17. —That, on his first attendance in the Society, he be introduced by the Secretary to the Chairman, who shall declare before the Meeting that he has been duly elected a Member of the Society. He shall then sign a book declaring his compliance with the regulations of the Society. 18,—That donors to the Society of the approved value of Twenty Pounds, in speci- mens of Natural History, Books, &c., or on payment of Ten Pounds to the Treasurer, shall become Members for Life. 19.—That all Admission Fees, and Life Compensations, be invested in an approved . Security, and that the interest only of such investment be applicable to the expenses of the Society. 20.—Honorary, Corresponding, and Associate Members may be elected by a vote of the Society, at any of its Ordinary Meetings, on the previous recommendation of Council. 21—WNo person residing in Dublin, or within ten miles of it, can be elected as Hono-~ rary or Corresponding Member of the Society. 22.—Associate Members shall be resident in or near Dublin. All Undergraduates of the University shall be tpso facto eligible for Election as Associate Members. 23—The privilege accorded to Undergraduates of the University of Dublin, of being ipso facto eligible as Associate Members of the Society at an Annual Subscription of Five Shillings, is also given to all registered Medical Students in Dublin. 24.—-Any Annual Member who shall not pay his Subscription within three calendar months after it shall have become due and been demanded, or within such further time as the Council may allow, shall cease to be a Member, and his name shall be erased from the List of Members. Secrion JII.—Orricers. President. 25.—That, in the absence of the President, or Vice-Presidents, the Presidency on each evening of Meeting shall go alphabetically in rotation through the Council. Secretaries. 26.—It shall be the duty of the Secretaries— 1st. To attend the Meetings of the Society and of the Council, and to enter in a book to be kept for that purpose the minutes of the proceedings at each Meeting. 2nd. At each Meeting to read aloud the minutes of the preceding Meeting. 8rd. At the Ordinary Meetings, to announce the presents and donations to the Society since the last Meeting and to read aloud such papers or letters as the Couucil shall direct. 4th. To conduct the correspondence of the Society. 5th. To prepare a Report of the proceedings and state of the affairs of the Society during each year, to be read aloud at the Annual General Meeting. Treasurer. 27.—It shall be the duty of the Treasurer— 1st. To collect and receive for the Society all Donations and Subscriptions, and to enter them in a book. 2nd. To furnish an account to the Society at the Annual General Meeting of the Receipts and Expenditure of the preceding year. 3rd. To report the state of the Accounts to the Society, when called for by the Council. 4th. No money shall be paid by the Treasurer except upon a written order of Council, signed by the Chairman and one of the Secretaries. 4 = ~ APPENDIX. xlv Council. 98.—That three Members at least of the Council shall retire at the end of the year, but shall, however, be re-eligible (those Members who have attended the least number of times to go out first). 29.—That the Council shall meet from time to time, as shall be deemed expedient for the interests of the Society, 36.—Five Members, including the Chairman, shall be a quorum. 31.—The Chair at Council shall be taken as at the Ordinary Meetings. 32.—It shall be the duty of the Council to superintend all the affairs of the Societ, 33,-_The Council may authorize the lending of books, &c., to Members, under such regulations and conditions as it may deem expedient; and may exchange or dispose of duplicate specimens belonging to the Society. Section IV.—OrpinARY MEETINGS. 34.—That the Society shall meet on the Evening of the First Wednesday in each. month, from November to June, inclusive, at the hour of Eight o’Clock, the Chair to be taken at a quarter past Eight, precisely ; and it shall be in the power of the Council to call a General Meeting of the Society at any time it may be expedient to do so. 35.—That the order of business at each night of Meeting shall be as follows:— 1st. The Secretary shall read aloud the Minutes of the preceding Meeting, and the Chairman shall sign them. 2nd. The Receipt of Presents and Donations to the Society shall be announced, and exhibited. 3rd. Papers for the evening shall be announced and read. 4th. That the reading of any paper shall not occupy more than half an hour, except by consent of the Meeting. 5th. That the Members shall then be invited by the President to deliver their opinions on the papers which have been read, and on any specimens which may be exhibited at the Meeting. 6th. That the private business of the Society which is to be discussed at the Ordi- nary Meetings shall be transacted after the Communications of the evening have been read, and that all strangers and visitors be requested to retire. 36.—All questions shall be decided by a majority; when the Members are equal, the Chairman shall have a casting voice. 37.—Each Member shall have the privilege of introducing one Visitor to the Ordi- nary Meetings, provided he writes the name of the Visitor in a book to be kept for that purpose. 38.—Any Member wishing to propose or alter a regulation of tne Society, shall give notice at one of the Ordinary Meetings, and it shall be discussed and decided on the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society ; and the Secretary shall cause a copy of such notice to be forwarded to all Members along with the usual notice of Meeting. 39.—That the Secretaries give notice to the Members, in the Summonses for the Ordinary Meetings, of any important questions to be discussed at that Meeting. SECTION V.—ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. 40.—The Annual General Meeting shall be held on the first Thursday in November in each year, for the purpose of electing Officers and Council for the ensuing year, and hearing the Annual Report of the proceedings and affairs of the Society. 41.—The Chair shall be taken at a quarter past eight o’Clock, precisely. 42.—The Council shall put forward, each year, the old List of the Council, omitting the three natural vacancies; and, in juxtaposition, a List of nine names, including the omitted Members of Council, from which they recommend to the Society to elect to those vacancies. 43.—A Member wishing to remove any person from the list, may strike out his name, and write in its place the name of the Member he wishes to be elected instead. xlvi APPENDIX. 44,—A Balloting Box shall be placed on the table, and at the expiration of one hour the Chairman shall announce the result of the Ballot. 45.—That in the Ballot a majority of the votes shall decide. 46.—During the progress of the Ballot, the Annual Report shall be read by one of the Secretaries. 47,—The Chairman shall then put the question, shall the Report be adopted ? SECTION VI.—P APERS. 48.—All Papers read at the Meeting (unless previously stipulated to the contrary) are to be considered the property of the Society. 49,—That due notice shall be given thrcugh the Secretaries of all Papers intended to be read at the Ordinary Meetings of the Society, that they may be submitted to the Council for their approval. ‘50.—No Papers shall be read at the Meetings of the Society, unless the Secretary. shall have apprised the author of these regulations. 51.—That each person reading a Paper to the Society shall furnish to the Secre- taries, at the Meeting, an abstract of his Paper for insertion on the Minutes, and for publication. [These Rules are amended to July, 1869. | APPENDIX. xlvii DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LI., ILLUSTRATING MR. BIRCHALL’S PAPER ON IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. (p. 57). Fig. 1. . . Lobesia albicapitana. Gelechia tarquiniella. Tinea confusella. Lithosia caniola, Zygena minos. Zygena nubigena. Dianthecia barrettii. Dianthzcia compta. CBaon ren Fo NY Dianthecia capsophila. PS ALT ET. ILLUSTRATES MR. ARCHER’S PAPER ON A NEW SPECIES OF BULBOCHATA. (Go. Bs xlvill APPENDIX. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IIL., ILLUSTRATING MR. ARCHER’S PAPER ON SAPROLEGNIEA. (p. 136). Fig. 1. . Chain of four oogonia in Saprolegnia androgyna, sp. nov., showing the lateral male branchlets emanating from the oogonia; the two upper oogonia with fully-formed oospores, the lowest but one showing the con- tents commencing to become formed into primordial cells, or oospores ; (Befruchtungskugeln, Pringsh.)—the future oospores; the lowest oogonium with the granular contents dense, but unchanged. » 2. . A single terminal oogonium of Achlya cornuta, sp. nov. ; its granular con- tents not yet commenced to be formed into a primordial cell or cells. », 3 and 4. Series of oogonia, the first smaller, and with one oospore each, the latter larger, with a greater (variable) number ; to the right of middle oogonium (Fig. 4) is seen a curious depressed lobate form assumed by one of the extensions, instead of the usual tapering cornua. » 5. . Shows the development of the lateral branch just under an oogonium ; and, », 6. . Three such branches, two of which have become shut off at their extremities and developed each an oogonium, each with a single oospore. [Note.—By an unfortunate oversight the above Plate is referred to in the Paper on Saprolegniex (p. 136), as Plate VI, in place of Plate III.] APPENDIX. xlix DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IY., ILLUSTRATING MR. ARCHER’S THREE PAPERS—ON ZYGOGONIUM AND MOUGEOTIA (p. 114)—ON ASTERIDIA IN PENIUM DIGITUS (p. 144), AND ON THE CONJUGATION OF TWO SPECIES OF SPIROTZNIA (p. 147). Rees i. 12. Figs. 1-11 300; Fig. 12 400. Ordinary sterile filament of Mougeotia levis, Arch (= Zygogonium leve (Kiitz)? Unfortunately this figure is faulty in not displaying” the central nucleus in each joint. Conjugated state of same, showing the zygospores free in the cavity of the transverse tube, the “whole contents of the parent cells being absorbed in their formation, and not a central portion only shut off in a special chamber, as in Mesocarpus. A pair of Asteridia shown within the cavity of the cell of anexample of Penium digitus, a portion of the original contents of which have become effete and brown coloured. A pair of examples of Spirotzenia condensata in juxta-position for the purpose of conjugation ; the contents of both individualized into two portions, each becoming contracted into an elliptic figure, the spiral arrangement of the band of endochrome becoming effaced. The opposite masses of the contents of the original pair of parent cells now coalesced, and gradually assuming the globular figure and rigid cell-wall shown in next figure. The pair of zygospores having now assumed a globular figure, but not yet showing the honeycomb external decoration. The latter more advanced and coating of mucus more densely developed, with a sharply-detined boundary. The pair of zygospores more fully formed, focussed down to the equa- torial line, showing the honeycomb structure in side view. The same focussed up a little, so as to see partially into the cavities of the honeycomb structure. An empty zygospore, focussed above an equatorial line, showing the mouths of the cells of the honeycomb. The angularly-lobed zygospore of Spirotenia truncata (Arch.), the four half-cells of the parent pair of cells still appended. [Note.—By an unfortunate oversight the above Plate is referred to in the Paper on Asteridia in Penium (p. 144), and on Spirotenia (p. 147), as Plate VIII. in place of Plate IV. | APPENDIX. a DESCRIPTION OF PLATE YV., ILLUSTRATING va REV. E. O'MEARA’S PAPER ON NEW DIATOMS FROM DREDG! MADE OFF THE ISLANDS OF ARRAN, CO. GALWAY | (p. 106). Fig.1. . . Naviculahibernica, . . . . x 400. 2 Bete notes a Denticulata, 55 by WAR Me - 5 front view, %, | ay ace 1 pellucida, “9 ot =e Be Bb.th U2 ‘ mi front view, BS aie Sik) iS! ok Wik, deka tiles fe a») “Abs. ” on variety, i igs Hae gs amphoroides, is | » 6. . Pinnularia arraniensis, i, .: oe Pane divaricata, iets oy be 7, constricta, i xy tl yp n) front view, 4, — a be 6 6 » forficula, e ae » 10. . . Surirella pulcherrima, i Ae le aes 40 gracilis, APPENDIX. ee: ALE Vere. ILLUSTRATES DR. MACALISTER’S PAPER ON THE MUSCLES IN CERTAIN MONKEYS (p. 34). DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VII., ILLUSTRATING REY. E. O’MEARA’S SECOND PAPER ON NEW DIATOMS FROM DREDG- INGS MADE OFF ISLANDS OF ARRAN, CO. GALWAY. (p. 155). Big Ae Coscinodiscus fasciculatus, x 600. Fy a Eh Eupodiscus excentricus, x 800. dacs Stauroneis rhombica, x 600. ues i costata, x 600. 3 o- . Coeconeis clavigera, x 600. i ae = Wrightii, x 800. 4 - Taine a3 as Portei, x 800. », 8. . Rhaphoneis liburnica. var. x 600. a) 9, is suborbicularis, x 600. oy one 5 Jonesii x 600. Freie: Were a Moorei x 600. ee ms Archeri x 660. VOL. V. h hi APPENDIX. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VIII. Fig. ie Cystophrys Haeckeliana (gen. et sp. nov.), seen in its ordinary condition, the pseudopodia fully and equally extended; the cells showing their light-coloured nucleus and nucleolus, and, occasionally, the bluish granular contents showing a somewhat large, reddish one; one of the cells showing self-fission. 2. The same, endeavouring (and finally succeeding) to encompass a fibre of wool, some of the internal cells seemingly getting thrown off in the effort, the delicate sarcode layer becoming stretched along and round the extremity of the wool. One or two of the cells show self-fission. 8. Cystophrys oculea (sp. nov.). The outline of the reddish nuclear bodies is hardly sufficiently strongly indicated by a sharp dark line, nor is the inner nucleolar black dot sufficiently pronounced. It is difficult to execute these details, even on a scale of 400 diameters. In some of the inner cells will be seen double nuclei, presumably indicating progressing self-fission. If it were possible to render the very slender pseudopodia by colour- less silvery lines, it would be more true to nature; but the figure will, it is hoped, enable observers to identify this form. 4, Heterophrys myriopoda (gen. et sp. nov.). In this figure, by some accident, the marginal region or border has been drawn at the left-hand side of greater depth than at the remaining three-fourths of the circuit; it ought to be pretty equidistant all round. The remark made as to its being focussed down to the extreme margin here holds especially good; it will be of course understood the outer region intervenes between the central chlorophyll- bearing otherwise rather hyaline body and the observer. 5. Clathrulina elegans (Cienkowski). It is hard to convey the transparent character of the perforate skeleton of this pretty creature, combined with the light brownish colour proper to fully developed specimens. The pseudopodia are rendered somewhat too thick and pronounced ; they are very delicate and colourless. All the figures x 400. APPENDIX. hi PLATES VIII, [X., awn X. ILLUSTRATE MR. W. ARCHER’S PAPER ON FRESHWATER RHIZOPODA (p. 231.) DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IX. Fig. 1, Acanthocystis Pertyana (sp. nov.). A few of the acute radiating spines shown thrown off. 2. Raphidiophrys viridis (gen. et sp. nov.). It will be understood, in reference to this figure (as well as the other figures on this and succeeding Plate), that the object is drawn as seen when focussed down to the equatorial margin being brought distinctly to view, and that, of course, the outer investing stratum, here bearing spicules innumerable, is really interposed between the globular central bodies and the observer; but, being sufficiently transparent, this intervening stratum allows the central bodies to be seen through it. Ifit were possible, the pseudopodia should be rendered by a delicate, pellucid, almost silvery line, not by a black one; but this cannot be avoided. . Heterophrys Fockii (gen. et sp. nov.). To this figure the same remark applies. The marginal pulsating vacuoles are seen at the highest point of distention. The drawing attempts to indicate the appearance often presented by the ‘‘ tongue-shaped” processes projected from the margin of the outer stratum; but not unfrequently there is no definite outline, when it becomes difficult to discern where this region terminates. 4, Pompholyxophrys punicea (gen. et sp. nov.). The outer vesicles, of course, cover the whole of the external surface of the reddish body, though seen only at the margin, being, as before, focussed down. The body contains a minute captured Cymbella. The figure hardly represents the reddish granules sufficiently individualized ; the contents are not so homogeneous- looking. 5. The same, submitted to pressure, some of the pigment-granules crushed out, and some of the outer vesicles scattered. All the figures x 400. iv) liv Fig. APPENDIX. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE X. 1. Pleurophrys? spherica, Clap. et Lachm.? In the centre of the body-mass, which is not in contact with the curious test, which is formed of indistinguishable short bacillar and rounded particles agglutinated together, is seen a large orbicular ““nucleus.”” From the anterior extremity is given off a considerable tuft of slen- der, linear, slightly branched pseudopodia. 2. Pleurophrys? amphitremoides (sp. nov.). The specimen figured is covered with 3. Pleurophrys? fulva (sp. nov.). Shows the buff or tawny colour of this minute numerous adherent navicular and other Diatomaceous frustules and arenaceous particles, and the body somewhat densely loaded with chlorophyll-granules, the anterior extremity giving off a rather dense tuft of slender branched pseudo- podia. form ; the test covered by angular, pellucid quartzose particles; the anterior ex- tremity giving off a short, rather dense, and branched tuft or shrub-like cluster of pseudopodia. 4, Amphitrema Wrightianum (gen. et sp. nov.), from a specimen taken from ‘ Fea- ther-bed Bog,” near Dublin ; shows the mass of the body coloured green by chlo- phyll-granules. The drawing has been made from a selected example, in which each of the very short necks of the test is more than ordinarily evident, owing to the paucity of the external adherent foreign particles at those points, which, when present, tend to obscure it. These particles are to be seen most crowded along the lateral margins of the compressed elliptic test, leaving the central region more or less free from them, and thus allowing the sarcode-body within the more readily to be seen ; each extremity giving off a more or less dense tuft of branched pseudopodia, that from one of one extremities being, however, almost always more elongate and crowded than from the other. 5. The same species, from a ‘‘ Glen-ma-lur” specimen, likewise selected the better to exhibit the two short necks appertaining to this form, owing to their exceptional freedom there from foreign particles. These latter, as in the preceding example, are here also seen more plentiful towards the lateral margin, but they are in this specimen somewhat less coarse; the test itself, too, is slightly larger; like the previous example, the tuft of pseudopodia from one extremity is larger, longer, and more crowded than the other. 6. Diaphoropodon mobile (gen. et sp. nov.), showing the anterior, much branched and tufted pseudopodia extended, but not so fully as in some of the examples witnessed. To the right is the anterior marginal pulsating vacuole, fully dis- tended ; to the left, immersed in the body-substance, is seen the large spherical “nucleus,” the outer margin bordered by the fringe-like processes. 7. Gromia socialis (sp. nov.), showing a group of three mutually united by anasto- mosis of their more or less reticulately branched pseudopodia, which here and there present variously shaped expansions, bearing different sized rather opaque granules, carried about in slow circulation. Immersed in the body portion of each is seen the whitish nucleus with its darker central nucleolus, 8. The same; a single individual, showing a very long and branched pseudopodium. 9. The same; a single stem-like sarcode prolongation projected, branching at the top in a dendroid manner; this being rather exceptional. Fig. 10 112 APPENDIX. ly DESCRIPTION OF PLATE X., continued. . The same; an example showing a pseudopodium expanded into a clavate form and enclosing some of the larger semi-opaque granules, like those in the interven- ing spaces of the conjoined psoudopodia of the three associated examples shown in Fig. 7 . - : The same; showing an example in which the body has undergone a-transverse self-fission, and in each portion a nucleus with its nucleolus is present, the upper segment giving off branched pseudopodia in the usual manner. . Difflugia carinata (sp. nov.), x 200. All the figures x 400, except fig. 12 x 200. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XI, ILLUSTRATIVE OF DR. E. P. WRIGHT’S PAPER ON TUBIPORA MUSICA. (p2 211.) Fig. 1. Mass of Tubipora Musica, nat. size. 2. The same to show the buds. 3. on HD oH Polpys, seen from above, three expanded; from the side of the retracted polyps; which is seen in the lower part of the figure, between the two expanded polyps, will be found the lateral fold-like prolongation of the tube referred to in the text. . Polyps in different stages of expansion and retraction; at e the lateral fold-like prolongation is seen. . Mouth, with circular lip and four tentacles studded with spicules. . A section through tube and polyp, the latter fully retracted. . Lenticular spicules from the tentacles. . Fusiform spicules, plain and warty, from ectodermic layer between base of tenta- cles and edge of hard tube. . Warty fusiform spicules. . The same, gradually becoming coalesced, and forming a rough irregular network at one spot; in another becoming solidified. it | { 1 " APPENDIX. 9 / || PLAT) Ey sli ILLUSTRATES ~ ma DR. WRIGHT'S TOUR IN PORTUGAL. (p. 294.) -% eis my: Fig. 1. Aphrocallistes Bocagei. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIIL, ILLUSTRATIVE OF ste eiete Wey F : REV. E, O'MEARA’S NEW DIATOMACEM, No. IIT. — (p. 227.) \ ee Fig. 1. Pleurosigma giganteum. 2. Plagiogramma costatum. iia eh 4 3. Melosira Wrightii. 7 beh " bes, 4. Pinnularia marginata. Bee Ss . : i scutellum. Amphiprora costata. INDEX. Acanthocystis pertyana, sp. n., 233, 272. Achlya cornuta, sp. nov., 140. Acorus calamus, new to Ireland, by D. Moore, 112. Allolestes M‘Lachlani, gen. and sp. nov., 224. Amphiprora costata, sp. n., 228. Amphitrema Wrightianum, gen. et spec. nov., 263, 291. Andrews (William), notes on Irish Lepi- doptera, 20. on Fishes captured by trawling, 38 Zoological Notes, 122. on Irish Sponges, 179. Annual General Meeting, Nov. 3, 1865, iE: Novy. 1, 1866, 93. Nov. 7, 1867, 165. Nov. 5, 1868, 195. Archer (William), description of a new species of Bulbochete, 9. Remarks on the genera Zygogonium (De Bary) and Zygogonium (Kutz), with description of the conjugated state of the plant, believed to be identical with Zygogonium leve (Kitz), but which is referrible rather to the genus Mougeotia (De Bary non. Agardh), 114. on two new species in Saprolegnieze, referrible respectively to the genus Sa- prolegnia (Nees v. Esenb) and Achlya (Nees v. Eserib), 136. note on ‘' Asteridia’’ occurring in Penium digitus (Bréb), 144. on the conjugation of Spirotenia condensata (Bréb.), and of S. truncata (Arch.), 147. note on a peculiar cyst-like structure enclosing examples of Staurastrum cus- pidatum (Breb.) and other minute alge, 192. on some Freshwater Rhizopoda, new or little known, 231. Archer, William, resignation of office of Hon. Secretary, Arachnida from Lucca, by J. Blackwall, 295. —— from Sicily, by J. Blackwall, 297. Aphrocallistes bocagei. sp. n., 30S. Arran Islands, West of Ireland, notes on Diatoms of, 106, 155, 227. Baily, W. H., on Fossil Plants from the South of Ireland, Pt. T1., 41. Part 1), 47. Barker, John, M. D., Exhibition of Oxy- uris ambigua from Porcupine, 31. on skeleton of Platycercus eximius (abstract), 153. Bennett, E. H., M. D., on the possibility of naturalizing the Ringed Snake in Ireland, 27. Birchall, Edwin, Catalogue of the Lepi- doptera of Ireland, 57. Birds, rare, on the shores of the Moy and Killala Bay, by R. Warren, Jun., 23, 154. —— on the migration of, by A. G. More, 26. observed in April, 1866, in County Mayo, by J. H. Kinahan, 86. notes on some Irish, by B. Brad- shaw, 174. Bothreocephalus latus, its occurrence in Ireland, by W. Frazer, 125. Bradshaw, B., notes on some of our Irish Birds, 174. Bulbochete pringsheimiana, sp. nov., 9. Cienkowski Ueber die Clathrulina eine neue Actinophryen-Gattung, abstract of, by W. Archer, 287, Coconeis -clavigera, sp. n., 156; C. Wrightii, sp.n., 156 ; C. Portei, sp. n., 156. Colias edusa, notes on, by E. Perceval * Werieht,)7. lviil Colias edusa, on, by R. P. Williams, 9. Coscinodiscus fasciculatus, sp. n., 158. Council and Officers for 1865-66, 5. 1866-67, 96. ———. 1867268, 168. 1868-69, 197. Cuscuta trifolii, on its discovery in Ire- land, by Dr. W. G. Smith, 199. Cyst-like structure enclosing Staurastrum cuspidatum and other minute alge, by W. Archer, 192. Cystophrys heckeliana, gen. and sp. nov., 239, 283; C. oculea, sp. nov., 244, 283. Coleoptera collected in Sicily, identified by H. W. Bates, 304. Chestnut tree of Mount Etna, 299. Diatomacez, on new species of, from Arran, by Rev. E. O’Meara, 106, 155, 227. Diaphoropodon mobile, gen. et sp. nov., 256, 293. _ Didus ineptus, exhibition of bones of, by E. Perceval Wright, 32. Discina atlantica, sp. n., 171. Donovan, Dr. O., on Snakes in Ireland, 19), Duck, Aylesbury, on some points in the dissection of, by Dr. A. W. Foot, 199. Dianthecia, notes on Irish species, by E. Birchall, 73. Euplectella aspergellum, on its discovery, by Captain Morgan, 203. Eupodiscus eccentricus, sp. n., 156. Exchange of Publications with Learned Societies :— List of Societies to which Part ITI. of Vol. IV. was sent, i. Publications of Scientific Societies re- ceived to November, 1866, iv. November, 1867, xvii. November, 1568, xxxi. Etna, Mount, ascent of, 300. Fauna of Ireland, additions to, 20, 21, 57, 125, 142, 154, 231. Fishes captured by trawling, by W. An- drews, 38. —— flying, off Coast of Ireland, by A. E. Graves, 169. Foot, A. W., M. D., on the stinging pro- perties of the Physalta, 159. on some points observed in the dis- section of an Aylesbury Duck, 199. Foot, F. J., on the occurrence of Hymeno- phyllum Wilsoni in the neighbourhood of Boyle, with notice of new stations for INDEX. some of our rarer plants in the sur- rounding district, 16. Foot, F. J., on a new station for Hymeno- phylum Wilsoni and H. Tunbridgense, 110. notice of death of, 165. Flora of Arran Islands, West of Ireland, by E. Perceval Wright, 96. of Ireland, additions to, by W. Archer, 9, 114, 136. Dr. W. G. Smith, 198. Flora Hibernica, additions to, by D. Moore, 89, 190, 158. Flora Hibernica, notice of two plants new to, by D. Moore, 112. additions to, by Rev. E. O'Meara, 106, 155, 227. Flora of Kinross-shire, contributions to, by A. Macalister, 204. Frazer, William, Dr., on Bothriocephalus latus, its occurrence in Ireland, with remarks on its claim for admission into the list of our indigenous fauna, 125. notes on Tenia mediocanellata, being its first recorded occurrence in Ireland, 142. on the distribution of Isocardia cor along the Irish coast, with record of its discovery in Dungarvan Bay by John Good, 189. Good, John, record of the discovery of Isocardia cor in Dungarvan Bay, 189. Graves, A. E., Flying Fish off coast of Ireland, 169. Greeff, Ueber Radiolarien des sussen Wassers, abstract of, by W. Archer, 285. Greville, Dr. R. K., notice of death of, 57. Gromia socialis, sp. nov., 252, 293. Good, John, notice of death of, 293. Harvey, Dr. W. H., notice of death of, 93 Haughton, Rev. §., M. D., on a case of Hemiplegia in a Monkey, 54. on a shower of Fir pollen, 55. Hepatice of Flora Hibernica, additions to, by D. Moore, 89. Heterophrys myriopoda, gen. et sp. nov., 246, 281; H. Fockii, sp. nov., 248, 200): Hookeria letevirens in fruit, exhibited by D. Moore, 40 Hymenophyllum Wilsoni, occurrence of, near Boyle, by F. J. Foot, 16. remarks on, by W. Andrews, 17. —— by E. Perceval Wright, 18. INDEX. lix Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense, new station for, by F. J. Foot, 110. Hyalonema found living off Setubal, 308. Inula salicina, recorded as Irish, by D. Moore, 90. Isocardia cor, its distribution in Ireland, by Dr. W. Frazer, 189. Ireland, Dr. O’Donovan on Snakes in, 29. Jones, Admiral, notice of death of, 184. Jungermannia Hibernica in fruit, exhibited by D. Moore, 40. Kinahan, G. H., Natural History Notes, 24, Natural History Notes on Mayo (April, 1866), 86. Notes on Salmon Hatching, 87. King, W., Professor, on some Pallio- branchiate Shells from the Irish At- lantic, 170. Kinrosshire, notes on Flora of, 204. Keratoisis Grayii, sp. n., 309. Lalor, J. J., Note on the Blue Mist, 113. Lepidoptera of Ireland, catalogue of, by ’ Edwin Birchall, 57. Irish notes on, by W. Andrews, 20. Libellula Wrightii, sp. n., 222. Libellulidz of the Seychelles, Notes on, by E. Perceval Wright, 221. new genus and species, description of, by Baron de Selys Longchamp, 222. — of the Cyane, by R. M. Lachlan, 203. , Limenitis sibylla, occurrence of, in Ireland, by W. Andreas, 21. Lyczna dispar, occurrence of, in Kerry, by W. Andrews, 21. Lisbon, notes on the Museum of, 309. Macalister, A., M. D., observations on certain muscular peculiarities in some Monkeys, 34. Notes on some Larva cases from Australia, 129. Notes on some points in the myology of the Otter, 177. Notes on the pyloric appendages of the common Trout, 186. Contributions to the Flora of Kin- rosshire, 205. on the arrangement of the pronator muscles in the limbs of Vertebrate Animals, 216. . Moore, D., Ph. D., exhibition of Hookeria letevirens and Jungermannia Hibernica in fruit, 40. VOL, VY. Moore, D., Ph. D., Obituary Notice of Dr. R. K. Greville, 56. Addenda to the Musci and Hepati- ce of Flora Hibernica, with additional habitats for a few of the rarer species, 89. — Notice of the occurrence in Ireland of Eriophorum alpinum and Acorus calamus, 112. on some species of mosses new to Trish Flora, 158. Report of Paris International Bo- tanical Congress, 182. Obituary Notice of Admiral Jones, 184, Addenda to Irish Muscology, 190. Morgan, Captain, on the discovery of Euplectella aspergillum at Cebu, 203. Melosira Wrightii, sp. n., 228. Members, election of, 15, 23, 31, 34, 40, 57, 112, 121, 129, 164, 168, 170, 174, 180, 211. —— List of, corrected to November, 1866, vii. — November, 1867, xxi. November, 1869, xxxv. Monkey, case of Hemiplegia in, by Rev. Dr. Haughton, 54. Montgomery, R. J., on the second recorded instance of the Peregrine Falcon layin its eggs in confinement, 180. ( More, A. G., on the migration of Birds, ZG Musci of Flora Hibernica, additions to, by D. Moore, 89, 158. —— Irish, additions to, by Dr. Moore, 190. Muscles, pronator, on the arrangement of, in the limbs of Vertebrate Animals, by Dr. Macalister, 216. Muscular peculiarities in Monkeys, by Dr. Macalister, 34. Museum, Donations to, 31. Mougeotia De Bary, notes on the genus, by W. Archer, 114. Museum at Lisbon, 309. Navicula Hibernica, sp. n., 178 ; N. pellu- cida, sp. n., 108; N. denticulata, sp. n., 108; N. Wrightii, sp.n., 109; N. am- phoroides, sp. n., 109. Nycticorax gardeni, record of the occur- renceof, near Dublin, by R. P. Williams, 6. Natural History Notes, by G. H. Kinahan, 24, 86. Obituary Notices :— Dr. R. K. Greville, 56; Right Hon. lx INDEX. . Obituary Notices, continued :— J. Wynne, 2; Dr. W. H. Harvey, 93; A. J. Foot, 165; Admiral Jones, 184; J. Good, 293. Oiketicus careyi, sp.n., 133; O. Macalis- teri, sp, n., 134. larva, cases of, by Dr. Macalister, 1259) O’Meara, Rev. E., A.M., on some new Di- atomaceze, collected by Dr. EK. Perceval Wright off the large Island of Arran, No. 1, 106. . No. 2, 155. No. 3, 227. Otter, notes on the myology of, by Dr. Macalister, 177. Oxyuris ambigua, from Porcupine, noticed by J. Barker, 31. Paris International Botanical Congress, Report on, 182. Penium digitus, ‘‘ Asteridia” occurring in, by W. Archer, 144. Peregrine Falcon, laying in confinement, notes on, by R. J. Montgomery, 180. Physalia, on its stinging properties, by Dr. A. W. Foot, 159. Pinnularia arraniensis, sp. n., 109; P. divaricata, sp. n., 109; P. constricta, sp. n., 110; P. forficula, sp. n., 110; P. marginata, sp. n., 228; P. scutellum, sp.n., 228. Plagiogramma costatum, sp. n., 227. Plants, rare, in the neighbourhood of Boyle, by F. J. Foot, 16. fossil, from the South of Ire- land, by W. H. Baily. Pt. I., 41; Pt. IL, p. 47. Platessa flesus, on a case of duplex mal- formation in, by Dr. R. H. Traquair, 188. Pleurophrys (?) amphitremoides, sp. nov. 259; P. (2) fulva, sp. nov., 261; P: spherica, 290. Pompholyxophrys pumicea, gen. et sp. nov., 249, 277. Psettodes, on the cranium of, by Dr. R. H. Traquair, 188. Publications of Learned Societies received to Nov., 1866, iv. Nov., 1867, xvii, Nov. 1868, xxxi. —— received from private individuals to Nov., 1866, vii. Palliobranchiate Shells from the Irish At- lantic, by Professor W. King, 170. Plates, description of, xlvii. Raphidiophrys viridis, gen. et sp. nov. 237, 275. Raphoneis suborbicularis, sp. n., 157; R. Jonesii, sp. n., 157 ; R. Moorei, sp. n., 157; R. Archeri, sp. n., 157. . Be of the Honorary Secretaries, 3. Resolution from Council recommending acceptance of the proposals of the Royal Irish Academy, 229. of Society in reference to same, 231. aboat production of Council Minute Book, 230. Report from Council for Session 1864-65, on Nov. 3, 1865, 1. for Session 1865-66, on Nov. 1, 1866, 93 for Session 1866-67, on Nov. 7, 1867, 165. , for Session 1867-68, on Nov. 5, 1868, 195. on Paris International Botanical Congress, by Dr. Moore, 182. Rhizopoda, on some Freshwater, new or little known, by William Archer, 231. Royal Irish Academy, Committee of Science, Draft Suggestions from, 229. Rules—Modification of existing Rules, 22, 81, 84, 40, 46, of the Society, as at Nov., 1869, xliii. Salmon hatching, by G. H. Kinahan, 87. Saprolegnia androgyna, sp. nov., 137. Scotopelia peli, Bp., shot by Dr. Hinde, notice of, by E. Perceval Wright, 40. Selys Longchamp, Baron E. de, on Odo- nata from the Seychelles, 222. Shells, palliobranchiate, from Irish At- lantic, by Professor W. King, 170. Smith, Walter, M. D., on the discovery of Cuscuta trifolii in Ireland, 199. Societies entitled to receive the Proceed- ings of the Society, xiv., xxviii. Spiroteenia condensata (Bréb.), and S. truncata (Arch.), conjugation of, by W. Archer, 147. Sponges, notes on Irish, by W. Andrews, 179. Stauroneis rhombica, sp.n., 156; 8. cos- tata, sp. n., 156. Staurastrum cuspidatum, cyst-like struc- ture enclosing, 192. Surirella pulcherrima, sp. n., 110; S. gra- cillima, sp.n., 110. Tenia mediocanellata, first record in Ire- land, by Dr. W. Frazer, 142. Traquair, R. H., M. D., on the cranium of Psettodes, and on a case of duplex mal- INDEX. formation in Platessau flesus (abstract), 188. Treasurer’s Report to Nov. 14, xiii. Nov. 12, 1867, xxvii. Nov. 19, xli. Nov. 18, 1869, xlii. Trichocnemis cyanops, sp. n., 225 ; T. bilineata, sp.n., 225. Tropidonotus natrix, on the possibility of its being naturalized in Ireland, by E. H. Bennett, 27. Trout, common, on the pyloric appendages of, by Dr. Macalister, 186. Tubipora musica, Linn., on the animal of, by E. Perceval Wright, 211. 1866, Warren, Robert, Jun., on the occurrence of rare Birds on the shores of the River Moy and Killala Bay, No. IV., 28. Wo. V-, 155%. Williams, R. P., exhibition of Nycticorax gardeni, 6. on Colias edusa, 9. on Roach, 91. lxi Wright, E. Perceval, M. D., Notes on Colias edusa, 7. on Dodo bones from Mauritius, 32. on Scotopelia peli, shot by Dr. Hinde, 40. on the Flora of the Islands of Arran, West of Ireland, 96. on the animal of Tubipora musica, Linn., 211. on the Libellulidz of the Seychelles 221. notes of a tour through Sicily and Portugal, with description of a new species of Aphrocallistes, x1. Resignation of office of Honorary Secretary, xl. Zoological Notes, by W. Andrews, 122. Zygena minos, 62; Z. nubigena, 62. Zygogonium (De Bary) and Zygogonium (Kitz), remarks on, by W. Archer, 114. Z. leve (Kiitz), (Archer), 114. Zygonyx (?) luctifera, sp. n., 223, Mougeotia levis END OF VOL. V. ERRATUM. Page xlv, line 45, for Thursday read Wednesday. ' ProcNHD PU VI a est int + wy W Archer del Taffen West se Proc NH D PL VilE te eee West cop W Archer dd Tatton West 22 roe. NEL PD. PL LX is ) SS Say JOO WAccher del Toffen West sc. IK Het ronan Wr iA 5 Proc NID. PL 1X WeArcher del Tatfen West sc ’ W West amp a ‘Ka 4 a aa eee ee \ : 4 f wv) \, t ' ) i Ad oa Proc N [7 1) PL X zal >) en i A / 4 | aes 7 ‘ f / | J fo VA Js , Af 4 Lf i L Pky / 4 J \ / } / / / es 4 72 \ \ \ \ AY \ \ a ' 2 6 6 i” Prac VE NITD. PU. & Ero N IED PU ae W. West ums G. E Ford bith. 1pora MUS UC 2... ‘Tub nn ‘is se Seu = RAG o PG can Bete oa Ver Brey € Se * W.West imp. i Sp. mov: stes bocagel {hi Aphroca GH. Pord lth ED Pi A ‘ Pro Goal V N00 000e. = REE a x 400, . OMeara del. ‘Vutten West, sc. o ~~, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION = UI i 5 1387 aa Mey ¢ ThA Ae : | e ‘ / Hic 1. Report from Council, eee 7th November, 1867, Pr i, 2. Letter from A. E. GRAVES, Scape A Bi ot - 8. On Some Palliobranchiate Shells fiote the Trish Atlantic. ‘By ProrEs- sor W. Kine, . . Same slit. 4. Notes on Some of our Irish Birds. ‘By BENJAMIN BRADSHAW, Ie, R 5. Notes on Some Points in the Myology of the Otter. By Dr. Macatis: 6. Observations on Irish Sponges. By Witt1aMm ANDREWS, . . . 7. On the Second Recorded Instance of the Peregrine Falcon lay’ Eggs in Confinement. By R. J. Monrcommry, . . 8. Report on the late International Botanical Congress, held at Paris, Davip Moors, Ph. D., F.L. S., &e., . - | 9. Notes on the Pyloric Appendages of the Common Trout. Dr. ALEXANDER MACALISTER, . . 10. On the Cranium of Psettodes, and on a Case of Duplex Staiform fio He . in Platessa flesus. By R. H. Traquair, M.D., . . iy: Hs 11. On the Distribution of Isocardia Cor along the Irish Coast, with RB cox rd of its Discovery in Dungarvan Bay by John Good, Esq. . B Des 702 ~. Wiiiram Prazmr, M.R. LA.) &e.,. . Me 12. Addenda to British and Irish Muscology. By Davip Moorn, Ph. 13. Note on a Peculiar Cyst-like Structure, enclosing Examples of. ‘Stan ‘trum cuspidetum (Bréb.), and other Minute Alge. By Wm. ie 3 14, Report from Council, presented 5th November, 1868, . . . 15. On the Discovery of Cuscuta Trifolit in Treland. By Dr. We. 16. On some points observed in the Dissection of an Aylesbury Dus Dr. A. W. Foor, . . 17. Notes on the Discovery of Euplectella Aspergillum (Owen). ‘By tain Morean, of the “‘ Robin Hood,” 18. Contributions to tite Flora of Kinross-shire. By Dr. A rer sT’ 19. On the Animal of Tubipora musica (Linn). By Professor E. PER Wrient, M.D. (Plate XI.),. : . 20. On the Arrangement of the Pronator Muscles in the Limbs of Vert brate Animals. By Dr.’ A. Macanisrer, . .. ie “ 21. On the Libellulide of the Seychelles. By Wen easor E. Pancpvat | Warieut, M. D., and Baron DE Serys Loncowamp,. 4... : 22. On Some New Diatomacee collected off the Arran Islands. By Re E. O’Mrara, A.M. No. III. (Plate XTIL),. . . | 23. Draft Suggestions by the Committee of Science of the Council of the . ~ Royal Irish Academy, and Resolutions thereon, . . See 24. On Some Se alae ee By Wm. ARCHER. Plates” vi I 1X, Ree ae 25. Notes of a Tour in the ‘Spring and Summer. of 1868, to Sicily peta By E. PERCEVAL WRIGHT, M. D., a Xe ee a Fe _ Annual General Meeting; Council and. Officers ioe 1867- 68, = .. Annual General miei ier Council and a ine in 1868-6, ; (APPENDIX, 05620) 0 | A x ne _ Societies entitled to receive the Proceedings,” : Publications of other Societies received, . . i eee List of Members of the Natural History Society « of -Treasurer’s Account (to November, 1868), . . . . gare op do.’ ; (to-November, 1569); 3) 2 a" Rules of the Natural cnn ie of Dub peng of ‘Plates, Kae