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PROCEEDINGS 72-7

OF THE

ENPORT ACADEMY

OF

DAVENPORT, IOWA:

PUBLISHED FOR THE ACADEMY
BY THE

WOMEN’S CENTENNIAL ASSOCIATION.
JULY, 1876. ~

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PRINTED BY | Qe
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page.
Preface eee: cabs wae... SEA leather feet Vv
hanes csiatnr: SGA eos ee ON por aor e Mee) nil. o bt cc the ae x

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS.

Consiitumemand By-Laws 18G0wi p22 400. 2. ed 3
AMiclEssOL Mnconporations) WSGSisses.0s ly. 02 ol. <2 0 ee 8
Seteorie Shower, Nov. 18thyts68:/) Wi. oPratt: 5 02. 2a. 14
Constitatvon) ant Byclbaws, MSG. Berman sacslsnte com ereoec Wi
Valedictory Address, March 12th, 1869. Dr. C. C. Wes wa. 9
Hiclipse Of the sun, Amen vtheW S60. osmsesetem en. sss es. 27
The Maple Bark Louse (Lecuniuwm acericola, W.& R.) J.D.

Y AAO ROOT SOE oC PURO ED opie HO HACCIE CEA hice OL Cees 37
Discovery of Human Remains in a Shell-bed on Rock Island.

TALES al LOH ROGUE Btecid c~| cichabetons (a rt5 136i | Ac tic 2 ee ioe ciate 42
Obituary Notice of Prof. John Torrey, M.D. Dr.C.C. Parry 44
Resolutions on Death of D.S. True. C. #. Putnam........ 49
An Ancient Copper Implement donated by E. B. Baldwin.

YAN ASLO Meh O0 [se See Coed ee Otc DOANE UBe Ud ULAR? Hut DBRE SETAE 59
Pre-historic Cremation Furnace. A. S. Tiffany............. 64
Annual Address, Jan. 9th, 1875. Dr. C.C. Parry........- Seance a0
Stoms OL IG ERAT OM Otro Pere Once... Ae Un aA 70
HOreerand MlOtmom=e We ele er Otiey y= lolncsicciexcter nen ea sbe are 2. tS
Report on Condition of the Museum. W. AH. Pratt.......... 84
Annual Address, Jan. 5th, 1876. #. H. Hazen M. D.......... 85

APPENDIX.
Do Rifle Balls, when striking the Animal Body, burn? 2&.
DST GAD CSOD, itl De cide oe AR OO EOE PC POOLS OCR 91

Report on a Geological Examination of the Section of the
Bluffs recently exposed by the C., R.1.& P.R.R. W. Z.
J EGA fc cn AuIB END.6 0! 5 ='6) ocd CCE DLC, C geteae, OL Oe ene ee ae 96

Report of Explorations of the Ancient Mounds at Albany,

Whiteside County, Wlimois, W.HPrati...:.-... «.----- 99
Report on the Results of the Excursion to Albany, Illinois,
Ti OMe Ne yaKe sr ASTISh 24 kes CUTIES on cape come es orc 704
Report of Explorations of the Ancient Mounds at Toolesboro,
HEOUISA COUNTY lO Waa mee EL).ePOiGbiee a)= cers ols\-) last jae OG
Mound Explorations in 1875. Clarence Lindiey..... ....... 111 7
Mound Explorations in 1875. A. S. Tijfany...........---..- 113
A Study of Skulls and Long Bones from Mounds near Albany,
LUNE hit) OREO SONA IDEGMIDS ..& ~ cte)e fe leis) ass el ater teeta tar ee 114
Recent Archeological Discoveries at Davenport, lowa. A&. /. '
Lhe TOUR As 1 Re CO ROEDER fis dco tact. ceec 117 .

iv

DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Hieroglyphics observed in Summit Canon, Utah, and on Lit-

tle Popo-agie River in Wyoming. J. D. Putnam.........- 143
Summer Botanizing in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah Territo-
ry. A letter addressed to Prof. Asa Gray. Dr. 0. C’ Parry, 145
List of Phenogamous Plants collected in the vicinity of Dav-
enport, Iowa. J. G. Haupt and J. J. Nugel............. 153
List of eS J and Fresh Water Shells found at Davesigort,
Towa. 3 EL APTOS aia eie Vucistelese ie ne SoS 165
pee of a Unio Shell (U. lunulatus). W. H. Pratt..... 167
Lists of lowa Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. J.D. Putnam... 169
Lists of Colorado Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. J.D. Putiam. 177
Report on the Insects of Wyoming. J. D. Putnam........-. 187
Indian Names for Insects. J. D. Putnam................--. 192
Report.on the Insects'of Utah.’ J?) Putnam: 2.20"... .-- 193
List of Hymenoptera collected by J. D. Putnam. J#. 7.
CORSE aiken ieve ie kepate « VOLE, evel ngs a Deh ee tee 206
List of Donations to the Museum. 1868-1875... ........... 212
Donors of Stone and Flint Implements. 1875............. 217
List of Donations to the Library. 1868-1875.... ........... 222
Catalogpuelofithe Mibrary Wine mS 16is +. 62 see eee eee eee 226
Constitution and By-Laws.) 1816%s. 608. 2). 2. os. oe
Listof Regular Memiberss -)s $0.15 Gt test sl te ee 244
List.of (Corresponding. Membersrecc. pees. seems sear 248
List of Orthoptera collected by J. D. Putnam. Dr. Cyrus
“TOMO eR Nae By ANA We chet cists 249

Index ta: Generac woke cee. on .2 a oe a er eee
General Index: toy 3 pee cso ee ee eee pti eree
Explanation o£ Plates ><. citacs (ssi eee Stora) eesioe cine eee eee

PREFACE.

N presenting to the public, the first volume of the Pro-
CEEDINGS OF THE Davenrorr Acapremy or Narurat Scr-
ENCES, a few words concerning its origin and history, and

the cireumstances under which it is issued, may not be out
of place. :

Davenport is a thriving commercial and manufacturing
city of about 25,000 inhabitants, situated on the west bank
of the Mississippi River, in the heart of an extensive
grain-growing region. The city being as yet scarcely
forty years old, its population, like tnat of most west-
ern towns, is unsettled and constantly changing. Nearly
all its inhabitants are engaged in active business, and
but few have the leisure or inclination to cultivate the
more unremunerative branches of knowledge. The city
is however, so situated as to afford many advantages to the
student of Nature. The underlying limestone abounds in
fossils of the Hamilton and Upper Helderburg groups, the
rivers and ponds produce a remarkably fine development of
mollusean life, whi e the close proximity of the prairies to
the wooded bottom lands, affords a rich field for the botanist
and the entomologist. This region was once the residence
of a prehistoric people, who have Jeft many obscure traces
behind them, furnishing an abundance of material for the
archeologist to ponder over.

Here, on the 14th of December, 1867, a tew of those who
had been in the habit of devoting their leisure hours to the
study of Nature, met together and organized the Daven-
port AcaDEMY oF Narturar Sciences. Peginning with but
four members, the numl er had increased to fifty-four at the
end of 1868. During the winter of 1865-9 the meetings
were well attended and considerable interest was manifested
in the objects of the Academy. Several papers of general
interest were read and discussions of scientific subjects

o

vi DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

served to render the meetings entertaining and instructive.

A cabinet was begun in the rooms of the Davenport Library

Association. A telescope was purchased and the meteoric

shower of Noy. 13th, 1868, was observed by a number of

the members. The next year was mainly occupied in mak-

ing preparations for observing and photographing the total

eclipse of the sun, Aug. 7th, 1869, and in subsequent dis-
cussion of the results. Eighteen members were added.

During the next three years but comparatively little in-
terest was manifested in the affairs of the Academy, and the
attendance at the meetings was very small. But eight mem-
bers were added during this time. In July 1873, a small
back room was rented, and the three or four cases contain-
ing the cabinet and library were moved in and arranged.
For over five years the Academy had accepted the hospital-
ity of the Library Association in furnishing a room for
meetings and a portion of the cabinet, but now for the first
time in its existence it possessed a home of its own. The
attendance soon began to increase and the Academy s'owly
awoke from the deep lethargy into which it seemed to have
fallen. During the summer and fall of this year, the atten-
tion of the members was largely directed to the exploration
of pre historic mounds—and more particularly to those near
Albany, Ill., where many interesting and valuable discoveries
were made. The membership was inereased by thirteen ad-
ditions this year.

In April 1874, a more commodious and better lighted
room was obtained in Odd Fellows’ Building. Early in
the year the Academy received a fresh impetus by the pur-
chase of the fine geological library of Prof. Barris, which
was accomplished mainly through the exertions of Mr. A.S.
Tiffany. During the greater part of the year “ Conversa-
ziones’’ were held weekly at the Academy rooms. These
were quite popular, and besides disseminating much useful
information, added greatly to the interest taken in the Acad-
emy by the general public. Altogether this year was oue of
the most prosperous yet known. Fifteen members were added.

PREFACE. vil

The past year, 1875, has been one of unprecedented pros-
perity for the Academy. Early in the year the very remarka-
ble archeological treasures brought to light almost within
the city limits, by Rev. J. Gass, awakened greater interest
in the examination of the mounds so numerous all about the
city, and the collection of mound-builders’ relics grew so
rapidly that it is now one of ‘the best in the country and in
some departments is unique. The collections of ancient
stone and flint implements were also very extensive, made
mainly through the efforts of Capt. W. P. Hall. Much in-
terest was manifested in the work of the Academy by the lady
members, and through their efforts the room was handsome-
ly furnished and new eases obtained tor the rapidly increas-
ing collections. Indeed, the cabinet continued to increase
so rapidly that it soon became necessary to obtain a second
apartment. This too, was furnished by the ladies, and
through the unremitting labors of the Curator, who has
devoted every leisure moment to the work, the col-
lections have all been carefully arranged and_ labeled.
Towards the close of the year it was thought sufficient
materials had been accumulated to warrant the <Acad-
emy in commencing the publication of its Proceedings, and
a committee was appointed to prepare the work. The “ Wo-
men’s Centennial Association’ of Davenport, upon learn-
ing that this was proposed, kindly offered to undertake its
publication—and the result is this volume. Eighty-five new
members were elected during the year, of whom forty-three
were ladies.

Having given a sketch of the history of the Academy, a
few words about this, its first publication will be in place. It
was thought best to publish the proceedings from the be-
ginning, thus furnishing a complete history of the Acade-
my. The difficult task of copying the records of proceed -
ings was done gratuitously by Miss Lucy Pratt, in a most
satisfactory manner. The longer papers and reports have
been collected at the close of the proceedings and arranged
as nearly as may be, according to subjects. In preparing

Vili DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

the papers for publication it has been the endeavor of the
committee to give preference to those containing statements
of facts, rather than speculations. The authors of the pa-
pers are alone responsible for what is contained in them.
The lists of plants and animals have been prepared with
much eare by those most interested in each. They will be
useful in studying the geographical distribution and also
in making exchanges. In preparing the lists of Insects,
much aid has been given by Entomologists distinguished in
their respective specialties, thus giving a value to the work
it would not otherwise possess. A Cutalogue of the Libra-
ry is inserted, so that in making exchanges or dona-.
tions, our friends can see what books we are in need of, and
act accordingly. In printing the catalogue the sub-head-
ings were accidentally omitted, thus causing a somewhat
confused appearance. An index has been prepared which
will no doubt be found useful by those who have occasion to
consult the volume. Thirty-two lithographic plates have
been engraved by Mr. A. Hagebeeck, for this volume—
mainly illustrating some of the more interesting objects
contained in the Archeological Cabinet of the Academy.
A wood cut illustrating one of the cloth covered copper-axes,
was engraved by J. KE. Rice, and through the liberality of
Mrs. E. Cook, on whose farm the axe was found, is repro-
duced in a gilt stamp on the cover. Besides these, two
plates, illustrating objects contained in our collection, from
the forthcoming volume of Proceedings of the Detroit Meet-
ing of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, have, through the courtesy of Prof. F. W. Putnam,
been received in exchange for two ot our plates. Two plates
have been engraved by Mr. Herman Strecker, to illustrate
some of the new insects described. An electrotype ot the
Plan of the Albany Mounds was loaned by the Smithsonian
Institution. ‘With these last few exceptions the work is—
most entirely a home production. Considering the difficul-
ties of the undertaking, the printers deserve great credit for
the manner in which they have done their part of the work.

PREFAOR. 1X

It is the intention of the Academy, if possible, to issue an
additional number of Proceedings as often as once a year.

The most grateful thanks of the Academy are due to the
ladies of the Centennial Association for the difficult part
they have taken in supplying the tunds necessary for the
completion of the work. During a series of entertainments
given for this purpose, they encountered a disastrous fire,
which occasioned losses to various persons to the amount of
about $1,000—and which, considering themselves at least
morally bound, they have bravely liquidated in full, in ad-
dition to the cost of this publication.

Especial mention should also be made here of the active
part taken by our enthusiastic young friend and associate,
Mr. J. Duncan Putnam, who, though in feeble health, has,
in addition to his previous arduous and successful labors in
scientific research as shown in the pages of this volume,
also performed a large portion of the labor in preparing and
arranging the material for, and in revising, correcting, and
general supervision of the work.

JuLy 4ru, 1876.

OFFICERS FOR 1876.

Peesident: «x « ack: eee eee Pror. W. H. Barris, D. D.
Vice-President nu dowa use hes eas Gro. H. Frenon.
Corresponding Secretary....... Mrs. M. A. McGonxeat.
Recording Secretary. ......tsseee- C. H. Preston, M. DD.
TP EOSUNCR sich di eitviig apt Mn tater Joun Hum.
LROT OP UR Rix ie 5 rgcale Siete ose aeons R. J. Farqunarson, M. D.
OUPGBOR ols inca e Sse ee cee ee W. H. Pratt.
Trustees:

Pror. D. S. Saenpon, Wm. Rierzr, Caas. E. Putnam
'] b
and the above seven ofticers ew. officio.

Publication Committee:
W.H. Pratr, J. Duncan Putnam, C. H. Preston,
R. J. Farquuarson, Geo. H. Frencu.

Museum Committee:

Wa. HH... Prawr; R. J. Farquuarson, . J.G. Haupt,
J. D. Putnam, A. S. Turrany, Joun Hume.

Library Committee:

R. J. Farquiarson, C. H. Presron, Mrs. 8. R. Mivrar.

Finance Committee:
C. E. Purnam, Jonn Hume, G. H. Frenon.

Committee on Furniture and Rooms.

Joun Humn, Mrs. C. E. Purnam, Mrs. M. A. Sanpers.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

DAVENPORT ACADEMY

OF

NATURAL SCIENCES.

= e+

VOLUME I.

— i

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS.

Dercemper 141TH, 1867.

At a meeting held this evening, in the office of Mr. L.
T. Eads, for the purpose of organizing a Narurat History
Socrery, Messrs. L. T. Eads, A. U. Barler, A. S. Tiffany,
and W. H. Pratt were present.

Mr. A. U. Barler was called to the chair.

A copy of the Constitution of the “Ottawa Academy
of Natural Sciences” was read, and, on motion, was
adopted, with blanks for the name of the Society, date of
annual meeting, and name of Trustees.

The following officers were elected to serve for six
months, or until their successors were qualified:

Prof. D. S. SHEetpon, . P 7 President.
A. U. Barurr, : : . Vice-President.
WerEh | Prarrgey, ). ; Secretary.

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vot. I. [2] FEBRUARY, 1876.

2 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

And the following Board of ten Trustees to serve for
life: |

WH Pearn, A. U. Barwer, L. T. Eaps,
A. S. Tirrrany, Wo. Reps, D. 8. SHELDON,
D. S. True, C. C .Parry, C. 8. Exts,

: W. H. Barris.

On motion, it was voted that the following persons be
made honorary members of the Society, viz:

Enoch May, Burlington, Iowa; V. R. Faught, Hamil-
ton, Illinois; O. V. Riley, Chicago, Iilinois; W. Crapnell,
New Boston, Illinois; 8. H. Dickey, Fulton, Illinois; Dr.
Roe, Bloomington, Illinois; Thos. T. Jones, Coal Valley,
Mlinois; Gen. T. J. Rodman, and Benj. D. Walsh, Rock
Island, Hlinois; D. Lathrop, LaSalle, Iinois; Dr. F. Hig-
day, LaPorte, Indiana; Prof. A. H. Worthers, Springfield,
Illinois; Prof. C. A. White, Iowa City.

On motion, the Society adjourned to meet on Saturday
evening, December 21st.

DeceMBER 21st.—ApDJOURNED MBzeETING.

Vice-President Barter in the chair.

Members present: L. T. Eads, A. U. Barler, A.S. Tiffany,
W. H. Pratt, and W. Riepe.

On motion, the Secretary was directed to fill the blank
for name of Society, asfollows: ‘ Davenport AcaDEMY OF
Narurau Screnoes.”? Also, the blank for date of annual
meeting, as follows: “ First Saturday in June.”

Mr. Eads proposed to amend the Constitution by strik-
ing out Article V,and amending Article IV to read as
follows:

ARTICLE IV. Honorary and corresponding members shail haye
all the privileges of the Academy except the right of voting and hold-
ing office, and in case of becoming citizens of Scott county, lewa,
may become members by payment of the initiation fee.

Also, to re-number the remaining Articles of the Con-
stitution.

On motion, the By-Laws of the Ottawa Academy were
adopted in blank, and the Secretary was directed to fill the
blanks to correspond with the Constitution.

CONSTITUTION. AND BY-LAWS. 3

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS.

ADOPTED DECEMBER 21sT, 1867.

Constitution.

NAME OF THE SOCIETY.

ArticLe [. This Society shall be called the Davenport Academy
of Natural Sciences.

OBJECT OF THE SOCIETY.

Art. II. The object of this Society shall be the increase and dif-
fusion of a knowledge of the Natural Sciences, by a Museum, the
reading and publication of original papers, and other suitable means.

MEMBERSHIP.

Art. III. The Academy shall consist of regular members, cor-
responding members, and honorary members.

Art. IV. Honorary members shall have all the privileges of the
Academy, except the right of voting and holding office.

Art. VY. Corresponding members shall have all the privileges of
the Academy, except the right of voting and holding office, and in
case of becoming citizens of Scott county, may become regular mem-
bers by the payment of initiation fee. Candidates for admission
into the Academy (whether as regular, or corresponding, or honorary
members) must be proposed in writing, by two members, at a busi-
ness meeting, and be balloted for at the next meeting, any candi-
date receiving three negative ballots being rejected. A rejected
candidate shall not be eligible for membership for three months.

Arr. VI. Any member may be expelled for cause, or be removed
from office after due hearing, by a two-thirds vote of the members
present, at any regular meeting.

OFFICERS.

Arr. VII. The officers of the Academy shall be a President,
Vice President, and Secretary, who shall be elected at the annual
meeting, on the first Tuesday in March, and shall hold their offices
for one year, or until their successors are elected and qualified.

Arr. VIII. All the above named officers shall be chosen by ballot.

Art. 1X. Vacancies occurring from any cause in any of the reg-
ular offices of the Academy, shall be filled by ballot at any regular
meeting ; notice of such election being given by the Secretary in one
of the Davenport papers.

Art. X. No member shall be allowed to vote unless he shall
have paid all of his dues, and attended two regular meetings of the

4 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Academy within the previous year, unless prevented by sickness or
absence from the city.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

Art. XI. All the money, property and effects of this Academy
of Sciences, shall be held and managed by the Trustees, and the title
thereto, as also the title to all the real estate owned by said Academy
of Sciences, shall be vested in the Trustees .

Arr. XII. Each Trustee shall hold his office for life, unless he
shall remove from the City of Davenport, lowa, in which event his
term of office shall expire, or uniess he shall be removed as herein-
after stated.

Art. XIII. The first Board of Trustees shall consist of the fol-
lowing named persons: W. H. Pratt, A. U. Barler, L. T. Eads, A. 8.
Tiffany, Wm. Riepe, D. S. Sheldon, D. 8. True, C. C. Parry, C. 8. Ells,
and Rev. W. H. Barris.

Art. XIV. Said Board shall at once organize by appointment of
a temporary Chairman, and a Secretary, after which said Board shall
perfect its own plan of permanent organization, and elect its own
officers. Any plan may be changed or altered by said Board of Trus-
tees, from time to time, as it shall see fit.

Art. XV. Vacancies in the Board shall be filled by ballot, by
election of the Academy; a majority of the members of the Academy,
present and voting, at the next regular meeting after a vacancy occurs
being necessary and sufficient for the election of a Trustee or Trustees
to fill such vacancy.

Art. XVI. Any Trustee may be removed with the concurrence
of a majority of the Trustees, if two-thirds of the members of the
Academy present at any regular meeting—the “yeas” and “nays ”
being called—shall so vote and determine.

Art. XVII. Said Board of Trustees shall have full and exclus-
ive power and authority to manage and control and employ t he
money, finances and property of said Academy of Natural Sciences
of Davenport. But the regular officers of said Academy may at all
times make such rules and regulations as by them shall be deemed
proper, relative to the use of the museum and scientific property and
effects of said Academy, with no authority to remove the same, or
any part thereof, out of the rooms provided by said Board of Trustees .

Art. XVIII. The Board of Trustees shall determine upon its own
plan of organization, and all its official acts, evidenced in the manner
by it designated, shall bind the Academy.

Arr. XIX. No provision of this Constitution relative to the Board
of Trustees shall be changed or altered, anything in the Constitution

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. 5

contained to the contrary notwithstanding, without the consent of
said Board of Trustees.

Art. XX. All initiation fees, annual assessments and dues shall
be paid to the Treasurer of the Board of Trustees as they become due,
without notice, and any member who shall fail or neglect to pay his
initiation fees, or any annual assessm2nt, or dues for the space of one
year, after the same is due, shall, if a majority of the members present
at any regular meeting so determine, forfeit his membership, and all
right and interests in said “ Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences,”
and its property and Museum, and the records in the minutes of said
Academy of such default and vote shall be prima facie evidence that
the membership of the person named in such record is determined
and ended.

Arr. XXI. The three Directors of the Museum shall be ap-
pointed by the Board of Trustees, and shall be continued in office
until removed by said Board. Their duties shall be determined by
the Board.

Art. XXII. No compensation shall be paid to any person what-
ever, and no expenses incurred tor any reason whatever, except under
the authority of the Board of Trustees.

ALTERATION OF THE CONSTITUTION.

ArT. XXIII. Every proposition to alter or amend the Constitu-
tion shall be submitted in writing at a regular meeting, and if two-
thirds of the members present at the next regular meeting, vote in the
affirmative, it shall be adopted.

BY-LAWS.
MEETINGS.

Art. I. The regular meeting of this Academy shall be held on
the first Saturday in every month. The hour to be designated by the
Secretary in the notice of the meeting.

DUTIES OF OFFICERS.

Art. II. The President shall preside at all meet ings of the Acad-
emy, and call such special meetings as he shall deem necessary, or as
he may be requested to call by any five members.

Art. III. The Vice President shall perform the duties of the Pres-
ident in case of his absence or inability to act.

Art. IV. The Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of
the Academy, shall notify all members of their election, and all com-
mittees of their appointment, shall keep a correct list of the member,
of the society with the date of their election, resignation or deaths
shall have charge of the seal of the Academy, and shall notify all

6 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENOES.

members residing in Davenport of the meetings. He shall also have
charge of the correspondence not otherwise provided for, and shall
make a report of all communications received or written by him for
the Society, at each meeting.

Art. V. The Directors of the Museum shall have charge of the
Museum and Books.

MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.

Art. VI. No books shall be taken from the Library, or specimens
from the museum, except by the order of the Board of Trustees.

FINANCES.

Arr. VII. Every member elected shall pay an initiation fee of
Five Dollars; also an assessment of One Dollar, at each annual
meeting.

WITHDRAWAL OF MEMBERS.

ArT. VIII. Any member may withdraw from the Academy, pro-

vided he has paid all arrearages due to the Academy.
ORDER OF BUSINESS.

Art. IX. The order of business meetings shall be as follows:

1. Calling roll of members.

2. Reading minutes of previous meeting.

5. Reception of donations.

4. Reports of committees.

5. Correspondence.

6. Deferred business.

7. New business.

8%. Reading and discussion of scieitific papers.

Art. X. Any member who shall be in arrears for initiation fees
or dues for one year, shall, after ten days notice by the Treasurer of
the Board of Trustees, cease to be a member of the Academy, unless
such fees and dues are paid within the ten days.

ALTERATION OF BY-LAWS.

Art. XI. The By-Laws may be altered or amended in the same
manner as is provided in the Constitution, for its alteration or
amendment.

DecemBer 281i, 1867.—ApjsouRNED Mertina.
Vice-President Barler in the chair.
Five members present.

The proposition to amend the Constitution made at the
last meeting was adopted.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS.

~]

January 41H, 1868.—ApsourNED Me&erina.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Four members present.

Mr. Edward Seve, New York, and Mrs. M. A. Sanders.
Davenport, were elected honorary members.

Frank B. Tanner, Dubuque, Iowa; Edwin Ayres, A. D.
Eads, and Miss Mary O. Ayers, Champaign, Illinois; W.
D. Somers, and Dr. Blackshaw, Urbana, Illinois; W. B.
Moore, San Antonio, Texas; Joshna Dial, Senatobia, Mis-
sissippi; Joshua J. Miles. Clinton, Illinois; Rev. Samuel
Eads, Bolton, Mass.; W.O. Hiskey, Minneapolis, Minn.;
Theodore Nissen, Rock Island. were elected corresponding
members, and Mr. John Hume, Davenport, a regular mem-
ber.

At a meeting of the Trustees, held this evening, Messrs.
Sheldon, Barler, and Pratt were chosen Directors-of the
Museum, and Mr. L. T. Eads Treasurer of the Board of
Trustees.

January 18ru, 1868.—Sprrcira, Mnerrine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Five members present.

A large number of donations to the Museum and Li-
brary were reported.

Several letters were read from honorary and corres pond-
ing members, acknowledging their election.

Mr. J. L. Bean was elected a regular member.

At a meeting of the Trustees, this evening, Messrs.
Eads, Tiffany, and Pratt were appointed a Committee of
Finance.

January 257TH, 1868—-ApsouRNED MEETING.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Five members present.

Dr. T. J. Hes, Thos. Dermody, and John L. Davies were
elected resident members.

8 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

H.S. Bliss, Galena, Illinois; W. E. Wellington, Du-
buque, Iowa; Thos. Lighton, David Lingle, and Milo Lee,
Rock Island, [linois; and J. R. Stewart, Toledo, Lowa, were
elected corresponding members.

Prof. G. Hinrichs, Iowa City, Iowa; and M. S Hall,
Wilmington, Illinois, were elected honorary members.

Frepsruary Ist, 1868.—Rreutar MEerine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Four members present.

Dr. R. D. Myers, H. Wheeler, and C.G. Plummer were
elected regular members.

Dr. [. A. Lapham, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Dr. Rob-
ert Kennicott, Chicago, Illinois, were elected honorary
members.

It was voted to amend Article XII of the Constitution,
by striking out the word City, and inserting instead there-
ef the word Township.

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.
[Firep FEBRUARY 147TH, 1868. |

We, the undersigned, A. U. Barler, Luther T. Eads, and W. H.
Pratt, do hereby certify that we have formed an association to be
known by the name or title of the ‘“ Davenport Academy of Natural
Sciences,” for the purpose of “the increase and diffusion of knowl-
edge in the Natural Sciences, by a museum, the reading and publica-
tion of original papers, and other suitable means,’’ and that the
property of said association is to be held by ten trustees, who are
elected for life, or during their residence in Davenport township.
The first board of trustees are D. S. Sheldon, C. C. Parry, Willis H.
Barris, William Riepe, David 8. True, C. Stewart Ells, A S. Tiffany, A.
U. Barler, W. H. Pratt, and Luther T. Eads.

IN TESTIMONY whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals this
13th day of February, A. D. 1868.
A. U. BARLER, [SEAL. |
LuruHeR T. Bans. [SEAt. |
W. . Prars. Care
SrarEt oF Towa, /
County of Scott. 4
Subscribed and acknowledged before me this 13th day of Febru-
ry, A. D., 1868. i Cuaries H. Kent, Notary Public.

Ss.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 9

Frsruary 8Tx, 1868.—Apsournep MeEertina.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Six members present:

Messrs. W. P. Campbell, Miles A. Collins,’ EA. Day,
and W. H. Holmes were elected regular members.

On the evening of February 15th, Prof. G. Hinrichs
delivered a lecture before the Academy, in the German
Theater. Subject: “ Pantogen, or the Element of Elements.”

Frsruary 22p, 1868.—Derrrerrep Meetine.

Vice-President Barler.in the chair.

Six members present.

W. J. Stephenson was elected a regular member, and
Isaac Cummings, and Rev. Henry Baylies were elected
corresponding members.

The thanks ofthe Academy were voted to Lieut. Grif-
fith for his donation of Reindeer Moss from Canada.

Fresruary 297TH, 1868.—ApsournED MErertina.

Vice President Barler in the Chair.

Five members. present. ...,,

C. S. Watkins, Jas. Renwick, W. D. Vermillion, Ira M.
Gifford, Otto Schmidt, and M. Donahue, were elected regu-
lar members.

Marcu 71x, 1868.—Rercuiar, MEETING.

Vice-President: Barler in the chair.

Six members present.

A letter of acceptance of corresponding membership
from Mr. Wm. Crapnell, of New Boston, Illinois, was read.
Also, a letter from Mr, Levi Burnell, of Milwaukee, with
one enclosed from Prof. Henry to him, relating to the ex-
plosion of carburetted hydrogen gas, by percussion caps.

Proc D.A.N.S. Voz. I. [3] FEBRUARY, 1876.

LO DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Maron 141x, 1868.—ApsournED Mererine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Four members present.

Messrs. William Renwick and James Thompson were
elected regular members.

Nathan H. Parker, St. Louis, and Levi Burnell, Milwau-

kee, were elected corresponding members.

Marcu 21st, 1868.—ApysourNED Meerina.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Six members present.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. Joshua Dial, of
Senatobia, Miss., accepting corresponding membership.

Dr. D. C. Roundy, and George 8S. C. Dow, were elected
regular members, and Prof. Powell, Urbana, Llinois, a cor-
responding member.

Mr. Renwick read from “ Mackintosh’s Electrical The-
ory of the Universe,’ regarding the revolutions of the
planets, after which some time was spent in discussion of
the subject.

Prof. H. W. Parker delivered a lecture before the Acad-
emy on March 27th, at LeClaire Hall.

Apri 3p, 1868.—ApsourNnED MeetrING.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

C. H. Eldridge was elected a regular member. Dr. W.
J. Barbee, of Carrollton, Mississippi, was elected an honor-
ary member.

The following question was discussed: ‘Is it more
healthful to sleep with the head north, than in any other
direction?”

Aprit 4rx, 1868.—Reeutar Meetine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.
Three members present.
No business done.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 11

Aprit 177s, 1868.—ApsourNED Mererina.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.
Three members present.
No business done.

May Isr, 1868.—AnpsournED Meetina.

Vice-President Barler in the Chair.

Six members present.

Dr. H. B. Wilcox, of Three Oaks, Mich., and Prof. H.
W. Parker, were elected honorary members.

Mr. W. H. Pratt read a paper on “ The Relation of the
Outer World to our Senses. ”’

May 297x, 1868.—Reeutar Meerine.
Vice-President Barler in the Chair.
Seven members present.
It was voted to amend the By-Laws, so as to have the

regular meeting on the last P’riday, instead of Saturday of
each month.

Mr. Renwick read a “Sketch of Observations during a
trip far up the Mississippi. ”
On motion of Dr. Roundy, it was voted that a copy of
all the scientific papers read before the Academy, be de-
posited in the archives of the Society.

JuNE 277TH, 1868.—Rercutar Merrttine.
Vice-President Barler in the Chair.
Six members present.
The Secretary read a letter of acceptance of correspond-

ing membership, from Mr. N. H. Parker, of St. Louis; also
a published letter from Dr. Parry.

Aveust Tru, 1868.—Rereutar Merrie.
Mr. L. T. Eads in the Chair.
Nine members present.
George H. French and J. 8. Seymour were elected reg-

12 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

ular members, and Dr. W. H. Stennett, of Bloomington,
Ill., was elected a corresponding member,

Mr. Thompson read a paper on “Glimpses of Science,
as seen by a Tyro. ”

Early in 1868, the Academy assumed the assets and lia-
bilities of the Workingmen’s Library Association, thus ob-
taining their library and a bock case.

A very liberal offer was received and accepted from the
Young Men’s Library Association, to have the Academy
deposit its, Cabinet, and hold its meetings in the Li-
brary Rooms, Corner of Second and Brady streets.*

SEPTEMBER 41H, 1868.—Reeutar MEETING.
Vice-President Barler in the Chair.
Ten members present.
Charles Glaspell was elected a corresponding member.
Dr. Parry gave a sketch of his observations made on
trips through the western wilds, giving a brief description
of the climate, vegetation, animals, minerals, and other
features of the rainless and mountainous regions of the
west.
Some time was spent in discussing the matter of the
purchase of a telescope, offered\by Mr. Lighton.
Messrs. Eads, Parry, and Roundy were appointed a
committee to solicit subscriptions for the purpose.

OcroBER 2p, 1868.—ReeuLtar Meetine.

Dr. Parry in the Chair.

Seven members present.

Messrs. John N. Crawford, P. B. Jones, and Dr. E. H.
Hazen, were elected regular members.

Dr. Parry read an account of the recent ascent, by an
exploring party, of “ Long’s Peak, ”’ hitherto considered in-
accessible, illustrating it with some remarks upon his own
experience at the same place.

*Here the Academy continued to hold its meetings until the fall of 1872.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 13

The Secretary presented the resignation of Prof. Shel-
don, as President of the Academy, on account of ill health,
and pressure of professional duties.

On motion, the resignation was accepted, and the Sec-
retary was required to give notice of an election at the next
‘regular meeting, to fill the vacancy.

Mr. Thompson made some remarks relative to the long
and patient labors, and devotion to science of the late M.
Boucher de Perthes, one of the pioneers in the discovery
and correct interpretation of the * flint implements,” in the
valley of the Somme.

Ocroper 97TH, 1868.—Rercurar Merrrina.

Dr. Parry in the Chair.

Thirteen members present.

Messrs. Howard Darlington, Edward Russell, J. 8S. Con-
ner, Win. Gray, Rev. 8. M. Anderson, 8. P. Bryant, and
J. H. Melville, were elected regular members.

The Academy then proceeded to the election of Presi-
dent, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Prof.
Sheldon, and Dr. C. C. Parry was unanimously elected.

The President elect was conducted to the chair, and de-
livered a short address.

The Secretary presented the following resolution, which
was adopted:

Resolved, That the position in the “ Board of Trustees” to which Mr.
C. 8, Ells was elected, be declared vacant by non-acceptance, and that
the Academy proceed at next meeting to elect a Trustee to fill the
vacancy.

Mr. Eads read a paper on * Magnetism and the Mag-
netic Needle. ”’

Dr. Parry was requested to prepare such amendments
to the Constitution of the Academy, as he may deem desir-
able, to be presented at his earliest convenience..,

Dr. Parry called the attention of the members to some
excavations now being made in and near the city, recom-
mending that an examination be made of those localities,
with measurements, and that specimens be procured.

14 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENOES.

Novemser 13rn, 1868.—Rereutar Meerina.

President Parry in the Chair.

Sixteen members and several strangers present.

Messrs. Iles, Jas. Renwick, and Thompson were ap-
pointed a committee of three to draft a suitable letter of
acknowledgment to Dr. Farquharson, for his very valuable
donation to the Library, of the Bulletin des Sciences Na-
tionales, Paris, Vols. 1 to 27.

Mr. Eads reported that he had obtained subseriptions
toward the purchase of the telescope, to the amount of $30.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Portland
(Me.) Society of Natural History, proposing an exchange
of specimens.

Dr. B. Atkinson was elected a regular member.

The Academy proceeded to the election of one Trustee to
fill the vacancy caused by the non-acceptance of Mr. Ells,
resulting in the unanimous election of Hon. Jno. L. Davies.

Dr. [les read an interesting and instructive paper on “ An-
imaleule Life, and its Relation to the Propagation ot Dis-
ease.”

Dr. Parry read a copy of a letter from Mr. Jas. White,
dated September, 1868, verifying and describing his passage
down the Colorado of the West.

Brief descriptions were given, by several members, of the
deposits of peat, etc., exposed by excavations west of the city.

Prof. Lighton, of Rock Island, made some remarks con-
cerning the telescope manufactured by him for the Acad-
emy, and on the desirability of obtaining photographs of
the total eclipse of the sun, to occur August 7th, 1869.

The President stated that some arrangements had been
made for observations of the meteoric shower expected to-
night, and requested the attendance and aid of members
and others present.

Meteoric Shower.
A cloudy evening presented a rather discouraging prospect, but

about ten o’clock the-clearing sky gave more favorable indications.
Accordingly several members: of the Academy and some visitors re-

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 15

paired to the place selected, a private observatory, the use of which
was kindly offered by O. H. Child, Esq. :

The clouds grew thinner, until about midnight, when the sky be-
came tolerably clear, and continued so until near six A. M., when it
was again overcast. A slight haze prevailed throughout the night,
sufficient to obscure the meteors somewhat, and to affect their appar-
ent color.

At twelve o’clock a meteor was occasionally seen, and at 12:15,
about twenty having been noticed, an observer was stationed at each
of the four sides of the observatory, and two Secretaries at a table
within; and at 12:19 the first meteor was registered.

tipo oO Clock were Testatered +2. F Se ee cette es 48
rem 1to)2)0' clock Were preristered), . .. i... jer enveye Bie acy eq- 151
“hae tod + . ee #5 ata shor avec uege fi sia: og’ 167
“ 3 to4 cs “ SMT Po: 75, atahst ones aloe Ae bicreta 248
~~ 4.10)5 “ a OF Sr A ROE SRE, eRe Se cae 628
“ 5 to6 ss FS CT EE SE SHAE ere Fe 130

4 Wott Io opt cee EOE reer Stet cis oie PEG 1,372,

Very few remarkable ones were seen.

Almost all moved in lines radiating from constellation Leo as a
center, only five being marked “retrograde.”” No explosions were
seen and none of the meteors produced any sound.

Nearly all were white, or so very slightly tinged (either yellowish
or bluish) as not to be marked “ colored.”” The colored ones regis-
tered were red, 12: blue, 24: bluish green, 3.

Many exhibited short trains, disappearing almost instantaneously,
which were not noted.

The average brilliancy was about tuat of a star of the third mag-
nitude.

Average time visible about 114 seconds.

The only very remarkable meteor appeared at 1:20’ 15" at 15°
north of east, 45° high, and moved toward the zenith in a somewhat
zigzag course, disappearing at 80° high. It appeared reddish at
first, but changed to bluish green and was very brilliant, and visible
about six seconds. Its whole substance then seemed to change into
a vaporous train, somewhat serpentine in form at first, then settling
into a broad, white line, and disappeared in about ten minutes.—
[W. H. Pratt.|

DecemBer 111TH, 1868.—Reeviar MeEettine.

Dr. [les in the chair.
Thirteen members present.
Rev. Jas. Challen, Drs. R. J. Farquharson, T. J. Saun-

16 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOIENCES.

ders, L. French, Messrs. E. P. Lynch, D. D. Babcock, and

L. B. Paine, were elected regular members.

Dr. Tles gave a brief account of some recent FH ste
in Asiititedts Life.

Dr. Farquharson read a paper on “ Venomous Serpents.”
Some time was spent in general discussion of the subject of
venomous bites and anes.

JANUARY 8TH, 1869.—ReeautaR MeEetine.

Two members present. Adjourned to January 11th.

January llrx, 1869—ApsourRNED Mretina.

President Parry in the chair.

Eleven members present.

Mr. French, chairman of committee to procure subserip-
tious for purchase of telescope, reported $73 subscribed and
collected. |

Dr. Parry reported, that in compliance with the request
of the Academy, he had examined our Constitution, and
comparing it with constitutions of other similar societies,
had made some notes of alterations which he recommended.
Messrs. Eads and Thompson were appointed to act with Dr.
Parry as a committee to draft amendments to the constitu-
tion, and present them at the next meeting.

The Secretary read letters trom the Smithsonian Institu-
tion; Portland’ Natural History Society, Buffalo Natural
History Society, &e.

Dr. R. F. Baker, E. P. Haddix, Win. C. Hall and Gordon
Warwick were elected regular members.

Mr. W. H. Pratt presented a report of his explorations at
the railroad grade, west of the city; the excavations now in
progress having exposed a fine section of the bluff founda-
tion.

Some time was spent in a general discussion of the sub-
ject by Dr. Parry and others.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. vr

Frpruary 12x, 1869.—Reautar Meetina.

President Parry in the chair.

Eleven members present.

Some correspondence was read from the Buffalo and Port-
land Societies.

Mr. Geo. E. Wood, John Evans, and J. S. Teese, were
elected regular members, and Miss Lizzie Allen a correspond-
ing member.

Dr. Parry presented a series of amendments to be acted
upon at next meeting.

Mr. Thompson read a paper on “Science as an Educator.”

Marcu 12rn, 1869.

President Parry in the chair.

Seventeen members present.

On motion, a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. N.
Fejervary, for his donation of valuable books.

Dr. M. B. Cochrane, Wm. F. Ross, and 8. J. Sanger,
were elected regular members.

Wm. N. Byers, of Denver, Col., H. N. Bolander, San
Francisco, Hon. G. W. Clinton, Buffalo, N. Y., Dr. A.
Wislizenus, of St. Louis, and Dr. John Torrey, New York,
were elected corresponding members.

The following amendments to the Constitution and By-
Laws were then read and adopted, and the Secretary was
instructed to transcribe the Constitution and By-Laws, as
amended.

Reeurar Mretine.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE Ist. Not amended.

ArT. 2nD. Not amended.

Art. 3p. The Academy shall consist of Resident, Life, Corres-
ponding, and Honorary members.

Art. 4TH. Resident members shall be elected in the manner here-
inafter prescribed, from among persons interested in Science, resid-
ing within fifty miles of Davenport, Iowa, and any resident member
may at any time after his election, become a life member by paying
into the Treasury of the Academy, the sum of Two Hundred Dollars,
and notifying the Secretary that he desires to be enrolled as a Life
member. The business of the Academy shall be exclusively man-

Proc. D. A. N. S. Vor. I. [4] FEBRUARY, 1876.

18 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

aged by, and the officers selected from, the Resident and Life mem-
bers.

Arr. 5vH. Corresponding members shall be elected in the man-
ner hereinafter prescribed, from persons not residing within fifty
miles of Davenport, Iowa, and any Resident member removing from
within these limits will become a corresponding member—provided,
that his dues have been paid up to the date of his removal, and he
notify the Secretary that such is his wish.

Corresponding members moving within these limits may become’
Resident members by complying with the obligations of the latter—
paying initiation fee and annual dues.

But in case of not complying with these requirements, they shall
then cease to be corresponding members, except that Ladies may be
elected and enrolled as corresponding members, irrespective of their
place of residence.

Art. 6TH. Honorary members shall have all the privileges of
Resident members excepting those of voting and holding office.
They shali not exceed forty in number, twenty of whom shall be resi-
dents and citizens of the United States, and twenty of foreign coun-
tries.

Art. 7rH. Each candidate for Resident membership must be pro-
posed in writing by at least two other Resident or Life members, at a
regular meeting preceding the election.

Corresponding members shall be elected in the same way as Resi-
dent members, and the number of these classes is unlimited. Honor-
ary members shall only be elected at the annual meeting, and must
have been proposed at a previous meeting.

All members shall be elected by single ballot, and must have re-
ceived the votes of at least four-fifths of the members present. Any
rejected candidate shall not be eligible for membership within one.
year after the time of such rejection.

Art. 8TH. Same as former Art. 6th.

Art. 9TH. The offices of the Society shall be a President, Vice
President, and Secretary, who shall be elected at the annual meeting,
and hold their offices one year, or until their successors are elected and
qualified; and vacancies occurring from any cause shall be filled by
ballot at any regular meeting, due notice of the same being given by
the Secretary.

ARTICLES 10, 11, 12, 18, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 28 not
changed.

BY LAWS AS AMENDED.

Arr. ist. The regular meetings of the Academy shall be held on
the first Wednesday in each month. The annual meeting shall be
held on the first Wednesday in January, at which time the general

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 19

election of officers of the Academy for the ensuing year shall be held,
and the Reports of the officers for the past year shall be then pre-
sented, including a general statement from the President of the condi-
tion of the Academy.

Art. 7tH. Every Resident member elected shall pay an initiation
fee of Five Dollars, also a semi-annual assessment of One Dollar; but
Life, Corresponding, and Honorary members shall be exempt from
the payment of dues.

ARTICLES 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11 not changed.

The list of Honorary members to be transferred to corresponding
members.

Dr. E. H. Hazen read a paper on the “ Human Eye.”

Dr. Parry called Mr. French to the chair, and delivered
the following,

Valedictory Address.

Gentlemen of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences :

It had been my intention in watching the practical workings of
this Academy, to suggest certain modifications, and courses of action,
such as in my judgment might conduce to its present efficiency and
prospective usefulness; but I did not expect thus early and prema-
turely to be called on to dissolve my pleasant connection with its ac-
tive membership. While, under these circumstances, I feel that any
extended considerations would be unwarranted, I cannot, in justice
to my own feelings, and the friendly courtesy which has placed me
in the position of your presiding officer, neglect this opportunity to
make a few suggestions in reference to the Academy’s future manage-
ment and prospects.

The objects of such an Academy of Natural Sciences, as indicated
in its constitution, are the cultivation of a taste for Natural History
pursuits, and the stimulation of research in the different branches of
science, by those whose cultivated tastes and educated abilities qual-
ify them for such work.

The first object specified exhibits the relations which such an in-
stitution sustains to the community in which it is located. The sec-
ond has particular regard to its active membership. How can these
most desirable objects be best accomplished, is the practical ques-
tion for our consideration.

And in order to awaken a general interest in the observation and
study of natural objects and local phenomena, we need, first and fore.
most, collections in all the separate departments of Natural History,
classified and properly displayed before the eye, so as to suggest at
once ideas of order, system and plan—in brief, we must have muse-
ums whose contents must be accessible and attractive to the observing

20 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

public, and thus serve to convince those who may be otherwise ab-
sorbed in business pursuits, that there are objects of study at least
deserving the attention and regard of a progressive, utilitarian age.
When such collections are once fairly commenced, even on the most
limited scale, the peculiar individual tastes, and appetites, or even the
accidental biases of different minds, will be attracted to the various
branches of science so exhibited, and we shall see gradually growing
up under its influence workers prepared to follow out particular lines
of research and investigation. In this way the objects and aims of
such an association will be best and most speedily attained in diffus-
ing and increasing a knowledge of Natural Science in the community
where it is located.

In the comprehensive view of the case, we see the particular need
ot such an institution, particularly in its early stages of growth, viz:
A permanent location, where its objects can be properly displayed, and
affording room for necessary enlargement. This want will become
more pressing as collections enlarge, and is even now beginning to be
seriously felt in the necessities of this Academy. We have a name,
and a good one—we now want a “local habitation, ’? and where shall
we find it? In older communities where the ordinary course of busi-
ness is more settled, and where there is less strain upon the mental
faculties in the pursuit of wealth, or where wealth has been accumu-
lated to such an extent that it becomes a point of earnest inquiry to
know how it may be best used, we not unfrequently meet with those
who assume a wise patronage of science, and aim to place institutions
designed for its promotion in the possession of necessary funds. To
such wise promptings we owe the rich endowments of eastern col-
leges, or the munificent gifts of Peabody. But here in the west where
every one is intent on securing wealth by the most rapid process, or
having thus attained it, continue to cherish the excitement of gain to
the exclusion of higher motives, we cannot expect to meet with pa-
trons of science who will take such institutions under their fostering
care. Perhaps our Davenport Peabody is being lulled to sleep in its
nurse’s arms, or has not yet appeared upon the stage of existence.
Therefore, in the long intervening period, the Davenport Academy of
Natural Science must reasonably look to other sources for its success-
ful continuance. The plan of life membership affords the most feasi-
ble plan of securing the necessary means for procuring a permanent
location, and could sufficient interest be awakened on this subject
among our active, prosperous business men, something might be done
to secure the desirable consummation. How this may be most speed-
ily accomplished does not yet appear, buat I trust that gentlemen here
who have been active in the organization of this Academy will keep
this object in view till something definite is brought about in the
shape of a permanert location. ‘Till this is done we shall be at the
mercy of the elements of fire and water—if not earthquakes—and if

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 21

subject to frequent removals, might as well have a few strokes of the
latter to assist in the moving process.

Again, as I have had frequent occasion to remark, the educational
claims of Natural Science are but very dimly appreciated, even in
this utilitarian age and country, whose astonishing progress is largely
due to the applied results of scientific investigation. We are profuse
in our expenditure of funds raised by general taxation to impart a
knowledge of dead and living languages, or the dull abstractions of
technical grammar, or the relations of numbers, neglecting almost en-
tirely the things and living objects that enter so largely into the ob-
servations and wants of every day life. As long as the community at
large is satisfied with this kind of education, and is willing to pay
well for it, so long will educators neglect Natural Science, and teach-
ers as a Class will keep aloof from the meetings of such an Academy
as this. But let the claims of Natural Science be once fairly admitted,
and we shall have scores of teachers crowding within these halls, con-
sulting our museums, and libraries, taking an active part in our exer-
cises, while at present we can barely number two worthy representa.
tives of this important class. No small honor will in after times at-
tach to those who uphold the cause of science, as an educational
power, during the period in which it is little esteemed, or regarded as
visionary and Utopian in its aims and purposes.

Another tendency which in such a young, undeveloped institu-
tion it is necessary to guard against, is a disposition to run into loose
theerizing and a presentation of subjects in their purely theoretical
aspects, vague, shadowy and undefined. While it is eminently proper
that our discussions of suitable subjects should be allowed to take the
widest possible range, and nothing professing to be true should be ex-
cluded from a free and fair exhibition of its claims to attention, how-
ever much it may cljash with our preconceived opinions, yet our chief
and paramount duty is to collect substantial facts, arrange them prop-
erly, let them accumulate even in their roughest aspects, and leave
them to be shaped afterwards, and construed into theorfes in which
each ascertained fact shall represent a polished and well fitting block
in the great temple of truth. Mud built, or adobe theories, may an-
swer well enough for a temporary structure, but cannot be relied on
to withstand the vicissitudes of an age that tries with its frost, and
fire, and flood, everything that aims to rise above the common level,
reducing all that is unsubstantial to its kindred dust.

I need only further remark, that as a local scientific institution,
our chief efforts should be primarily directed to develope and bring
to light the scientific raw material, and objects of interest, or the pe-
culiar local phenomena by which we are surrounded. I think in this
connection it is not sufficiently appreciated, as to the importance of
early observations and collections in new localities. The natural
Flora and Fauna of a country undergoes great changes in the progress

bo

Z DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOIENCES.

of civilized settlement, and the important law which regulates these
changes, can only be properly understood in the light of comparison.
I have been lately forcibly reminded of this fact by observing the re-
markable changes which the natural vegetation in this vicinity has
undergone within my recollection. Plants that twenty years ago I
could find within range of a short walk from where we are now as-
sembled, have now almost entirely disappeared from view. The
“ white man’s foot”? and the track of domestic cattle have induced
changes sufficient to alter the whole aspect of vegetation. In many
respects the changes are disagreeable in the substitution of introduced
weeds of coarse and homely aspect, for the native denizens of the soil.
The prairies that surround us to-day, are no longer the prairies of
twenty-two years ago. Even a spet which I have religiously cher-
ished as a botanizing ground, comparatively free from intrusion as
the last resting place of the dead, has been taken possession of by the
biue grass and white clover, and I can no longer find the prairie prim-
rose, the moccasin flower, or the gentian, which formerly flourished
there. I have noted the same kind of changes in process on the Rocky
Mountain slopes. So that I feel the urgency and importance of early
collections of Natural History to inform those who may come after us
of the aboriginal aspects of our surrounding country.

The same is, no doubt, also true in regard to animals and insects.
Introduced species supplant the native, till the organized aspects of a
country become entirely changed. This fact is probably not as ap-
plicable to minerals, and geological formations, which Nature most
carefully protects in her covered museums. Yet, still our coal beds
and quarries, in being worked out, will cause a dearth of fossils and
minerals that if early collected would serve to give a more complete
view of the various formations they bring to light.

I mention these facts, gentlemen, as a motive for industry and per-
severance in the important work of making local collections. It
would no doubt be a matter of interest and curiosity to know some
thing about the Flora of Japan, or the minerals and animals of Inde-
pendent Tartary, or Central Africa; but our nearest duty lies at Home,
History is here making every day, and it is one important part of our
duty to give it a record and permanence in our collections and trans-
actions.

It will also be very desirable to commence the issuing of publica-
tions and transactions as early as possible. By this means alone shall
we be brought into intimate relations with kindred associations else-
where, and be entitled to receive that class of publications that we
need to keep us well posted in the movements and progress of scien-
tific research all over the world. Such publications need not be very
extensive or elaborate, but should be continuous. If neglected too
long, our name as an Academy of Science will pass out of view, and
our corresponding members will forget their membership. This sin-

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 23

gle suggestion is all that I feel authorized to offer at the present time.

In regard to membership I would recommend a rigid adherence
to rules of admission and prompt payment of dues. No name, how-
ever desirable otherwise, should be allowed to remain on our list, if
needlessly delinquent in this respect. We shall need greenbacks much
more than mere names, and unless the latter come with this associated
recommendation they had better be Jeft out.

There are many other points to which I might profitably, on a dif-
ferent occasion, call your attention, but at present the subject may be
safely left to your reflection and an enlarged experience of your pro-
gressive wants.

In now assuming the less responsible duties of a corresponding
member, I trust [ shall find no occasion to forget my pleasant associa-
tions with this pioneer society, or to feel any diminished interest in
its growth and success. Twenty-five years of the most active period
of my life have been passed in connection with this home locality. I
have seen the village of one thousand inhabitants increase twenty fold.
In a certain sense I have not been an idle spectator, though I have.
occupied no coveted field, or sought for personal emoluments that
might have been within my reach, I have been at least a zealous stu-
dent in Natural History, and have no higher ambition than to be so
regarded. I have endeavored to see and understand as much as I
could of the country and districts in which my lot has been cast. I
have not hesitated, on all suitable occasions, to use my pen and my
voice in behalf of the educational claims of Natural Science. And in
now assuming similar duties in a distant locality, I have only to re-
gret that I have not worked harder and accomplished more.

With most sincere thanks for the courtesy that has marked our
past relations, I now present my resignation of the Presidency of the
Academy, and ask to be enrolled on the list of its corresponding
members.

On motion, it was voted that the Doctor’s resignation be
laid on the table,

On motion of Dr. Roundy, Messrs. Thompson, Tiffany, and
Challen were appointed a committee to draft resolutions of
acknowledgment of Doctor Parry’s valuable labors for the
benefit of the Acadamy.

Aprit 77H, 1869.—Rereautar MEetine.
Two members present. Adjourned one week.
Aprit 147TH, 1869.—AnpsouRNED MEETING.

George H. French in the chair.
Six members present.

24 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Mr. Thompson of the committee appointed to prepare res-
olutions regarding the departure of Dr. Parry, presented the
following report, which was adopted, and the Secretary was
instructed to forward a copy to Dr. Parry..

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE RESIGNATION OF Dr. C. C.
Parry, AS PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
DAVENPORT, Iowa.

WHEREAS, Our esteemed President, Dr. C. C. Parry, having by
his studious and laborious investigations in Science, attained a na-
tional, if not a world-wide reputation; and

WueErREASs, In consequence of said attainments, and reputation, he
has been called to fill an important position at the Capital of the Na-
tion, as Botanist in the Agricultural Department of the United States.
Therefore be it

Resolved, That while deeply regretting the severance of our present
pleasant and profitable relations, and the absence of his personal pre-
siding presence among us, yet we heartily rejoice at the national ap-
preciation of his talents, and his entrance upon the broader field of
usefulness to which he has been called in consequence; and

Resolved, That wherever he goes, or in whatever sphere of useful-
ness he may be called to labor in the future, he will carry with him
our best wishes for his health, happiness, and prosperity; while we
shall always cherish a lively remembrance of his connection with us,
and endeavor to imitate his example, equally in his zeal as a scientist,
his duties as a citizen, and his suavity as a man.

Resolved, That believing it is for the best interests of our infant
Academy, that Dr. C. C. Parry should for the present, still be con-
nected with it as President; therefore, if agreeable to him, we will
still retain that relation nominally, so that by the prestige of his
name, as well as by his advice and counsel, (though at a distance,) we
may the sooner attain that scientific excellence, which will enable
some “coming man,” to fill his chair with ability and success.

Resolved, That these resolutions be placed upon the miuutes of the
Academy, and a copy of the same be forwarded by the Secretary to
Dr. C. C. Parry, at Washington, D. C.

JUNE 2p, 1869.—Rereutar Meerrina.

Mr. James Thompson ealled to the chair.

Few members present.

It was voted to amend the By-Laws, so as to have the
regular meeting on the last /7zday, instead of the first
Wednesday of each month.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 25

Messrs. Henry Tourtillotte, J. Duncan Putnam, and
Mrs. C. E. Putnam, were elected regular members.

JuNE 257TH, 1869.—Reauitar MEetina.

Mr. Jas. Thompson in the chair.

Seven members present.

Prof. Lighton of Rock Island, made some explanations
regarding the means of observing the eclipse of the sun on
the 7th of August. After some discussion of the subject,
Mr. Gray moved that the chair appoint a committee of
three members, to confer with Prof. Lighton, and Dr.
Parry, in reference to the necessary action, and the means
required to procure photograph negatives of the eclipse.
The motion was carried, and the chair appointed Dr. Ha-
zen, Dr. Roundy, and W. H. Pratt, as such committee.

Juxy 97x, 1869.—ApsourNED Mrerine.

Vice President Barler in the chair.

Nine members present.

Dr. Roundy of committee on preparation for the eclipse
reported that the instruments and articles required would cost,
so far as could now be determined, from forty to fifty
dollars.

The Secretary read a letter from Dr. Parry, and in accord-
ance with his suggestion it was resolved that the Academy
endeavor to procure subscribers for photographs of the eclipse
at a price sufficient to meet the expense likely to be incurred.

Messrs. Hazen, Pratt, Jones and Roundy were appointed
a committee of four, to fix the price and terms, and procure
subscribers, if practicable.

Jury 16rx, 1869.—ApsournED MEeErtrIne.

Vice President Barler in the chair.
Sixteen members present.
Dr. Hazen, Chairman of the committee on preparation for
eclipse, and also of the committee on procuring subscriptions
Proc. D. A. N.S. Vor. I. [5] Maxcu, 187€

26 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
reported that it was considered impracticable to procure sub-
scribers in advance for photographs, it being impossiable to
make any definite terms guaranteeing copies to subscribers;
and, further:

That Prof. Lighton and Mr Jones proposed to give their
services on the occasion tor the benefit of the Academy with-
out charge, except for materials furnished by them, it being
understood that the negatives, if any are obtained, shall be
the property of the Academy, and under the control of the
“ Board of Trustees,” the sameas other property belonging to
the Academy. The report was adopted and the committee
discharged. On motion of Mr. Eads, it was

Resolved, That Dr. E. H. Hazen, P. B. Jones, Thos. Lighton, Dr.
Roundy, and W. H. Pratt be and are hereby appointed an Executive
Committee to carry through the project of taking photographs of the
solar eclipse, and to arrange and perfect all the details, as in their

judgment shall seem best.

On motion of Mr. Jones it was voted that the meeting
ascertain how much ean be secured now and here for the
purpose of defraying the expenses, and a subscription paper
was drawn up, and $50 subscribed by the members present,

On motion, the Secretary was appointed to solicit addi-
tional subscriptions.

It was moved that the money subscribed be paid to the
Treasurer, and the committee be authorized to draw for the
same as required. Carried.

J uLY 30TH, 1869.—Rercutar Meretine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Twelve members present.

The Secretary reported progress in obtaining subserip-
tions to the eclipse fund, having had $40 added to the list
by members, and $10 by N. Fejervary, Esq., who is not a

member.

On motion, a vote of thanks was presented to Mr. Fe-
jervary, for his donation.

Chas. EK. Putnam, of Davenport, and Thos. Lighton, of
Rock Island, were elected regular members.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. BT

The chairman then announced that several microscopes
nad been brought, with suitable objects for examination,
and that they would be arranged for use after adjournment
of the meeting.

ECLIPSE OF THE SUN.

According to previous arrangement, the instruments which had
been made for the occasion of the eclipse, by Mr Thos. Lighton, of
Rock Island, with the apparatus furnished by Mr. P. B. Jones, Photo-
grapher, «f Davenport, were put in position on the roof of Jones’
Photograph Gallery, and arranged for use.

The morning of August 7th, dawned bright and clear, and with the
exception of a few white clouds in the west, the sky was unexception-
able; these cleared away bcfore noon, and at the time of the eclipse no
brighter sky ever encircled this region.

The time of the commencement of the eclipse was 3h 57’ 53”, and
the last appearance of the moon on the face of the sun was at 5h 57’
27”. The duration of totality was 63 seconds.

There were thirty-six photographs taken, including-one of the full
sun just before the appearance of the moon upon its face. About
twenty of these are fairly executed.

The thermometer ranged from 70° to 65.5°. During totality it
stood at 66.5°. The barometer stood at 29.62 inches during the whole
eclipse. The wind was from the north-east.

Avaust 9ru, 1869.—Sprciat Meetine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Eleven members present.

The chairman stated that the object of the meeting was
to receive the report of the committee on photographing
the eclipse, and to determine matters regarding the print-
ing and disposal of photographs.

Dr. Hazen, chairman of committee, reported that some
twenty-four negatives had been made, which the committee
wished should now be taken charge of by the Trustees.

It was voted that the executive committee be authorized
to fix the prices, and order from Mr. Jones such number
as they think proper, not exceeding five hundred, and to
dispose of the same.

On motion of Mr. Eads, it was voted to present to Mr.
Lighton three full sets, to Mr. Jones one set, to Mr. Bow-

28 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

man one set, to Mr. Gayford one quarter set, and to Mr.
Newbury one quarter set of the photographs, for their effi-
cient aid in taking photographs of the eclipse.

The following resolution presented by Mr. Thompson,
was adopted;

Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy are tendered to Messrs.
Cressy, Neely, Baldwin, Murray, and to each and all who in any way
assisted in photographing the eclipse on the 7th inst.

Aveust 20TH, 1869.—Sprcia, Mrerine.

Dr. Roundy in the chair.

The chairman stated that the object of the meeting was
to take steps toward celebrating the centennial anniversary
of the birth of Baron Humboldt.

On motion of Mr. Thompson, Mr. Otto Smith, was ap-
pointed to confer with the German Societies, that were pre-
paring to celebrate the anniversary of the birth of Hum-
boldt, and make report as to the best course to be pursued
in joining with them for that purpose.

Prof. Campbell, of Jacksonville, [l., upon invitation,
gave an account of the steps taken in his place toward the
formation of scientific meetings.

Aveusr 24rn, 1869.—Reeutar Mnerine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Eight members present.

Dr. E. H. Hazen, chairman of executive committee on
photographing the eclipse, presented a set of the photo-
graphs, bound in book form, t« ether with a report of the
observations, printed and bound with them.

The Secretary was instructed to forward to the U.S.
Naval Observatory the photographs and report presented
by the committee, together with Prof. Sheldon’s report of
observations at Griswold College.

Dr. D. C. Roundy read a paper on * Hydrophobia, ’
treating of the nature of the disease and means of preven-

bd

nn

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS, 29

tion, what animals are subject to it, how communicated to
others, &c. A short time was spent in discussion.

OcroBER 287i, 1869.—Reeutar Meera.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Twelve members present.

H. H. Henderson, J. B. Young and Miss Chapin, were
elected regular members.

The Secretary reported the receipt of a volume of Astro-
nomical Observations, of 1866, from U. 8. Naval Observa-
tory, in exchange for a set of photographs of the eclipse
sent them, with report of observations; also the 12th vol-
ume of Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural His-
tory, received from that Society in return for a box of
specimens sent them.

W. H. Pratt, of committee to procure subscriptions to
defray the expenses of photographing the eclipse, reported
that he had procured as much as was practicable, and
turned over the amount with the subscription paper to the
Treasurer.

Mr. Tiffany gave an account of some bones discovered
by him, buried in the soil, in a prairie slough, in Henry
county, Illinois, and presented them to the Academy.

Mr. A. S. Tiffany then read a paper on “ Correlation of
Forces. ”’

. Novemeper dru, 1869.—Sprciat MEerine.

President Parry in the chair.

Seventeen members present.

At the request of members, Dr. Parry gave a highly in-
teresting account of his recent exploring trip in Colorado,
from which he was then on his return to Washington.

JANUARY 28TH, 1870.—Reevtar Meetine.

Mr. James Thompson in the chair.
Eleven members present.
John L. Swits was elected a regular member.

30 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Dr. Hazen, chairman of committee on photographing
the eclipse, reported progress, and recommended that the
members should purchase copies to meet the deticiency
in the fund raised to pay expenses.

Dr. Farquharson read a paper on the su bject: * Do rifle
balls, when stopped by the animal body, burn?”

Frsruary 25TH, 1870.—Rreutar MEerine.
Mr. L. T. Eads in the chair.

Seven members present.

A letter was read from J. F.C. Hays, of Des Moines,
to Mrs. Sanders of this city, offering a collection of miner-
als, &e., for sale.

Mr. Andrew Bunker was elected a regular member.

Aprit 297s, 1870.— Recutar Meerine.

Dr. [les in the chair.

Twelve members present.

Some discussion was held regarding the feasibility and
means at our command of making collections of materials
for exchange, for benefit of the Academy collection, and it
was determined that each member should be prepared to
report at next meeting, as to what he can probably do.

May 27%ru, 1870.—Rereutar Mererine.
Vice-President Barler in the chair.
Seven members present.
Some time was spent in discussion upon the subject of
lightning rods, and insulation.

JUNE 23D, 1870.—ReEGuLAR MEETING.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Eight members present.

Mr. Eads presented the following resolution, which was
adopted:

Wuereas, Prof. Gustave Hinrichs, of the Iowa State University,

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 31

has commenced the publication of a scientific periodical; Therefore,
be it

Resolved, By this Academy of Science, that we hail with joy the
publication of such a journal within the borders of our State, by a gen-
tleman so well qualified for the task, and that we hereby pledge him
our support and encouragement.

A short time was spent in informal discussion on vari-

ous subjects.

Aveust 25TH, 1870.—Rereutar Meerina.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Seven members present.

Some time was spent in irregular discussion and _re-
marks by various members.

SEPTEMBER 30TH, 1870.—RerauLtar Mererina.

Four members present. No business done.

Ocroper 28TH, 1870.—RxreuLaR Mererine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Nine members present.

Mr. Barler called Dr. Hazen to the chair, and read a

paper on “The Progress of Science,” especially in the de-
partment of Astronomy.

A committee consisting of Messrs. Barler, Pratt and
Thompson, were appointed to arrange for a series of meet-
ings or lectures, so as to increase the interest in the Acad-
emy.

NovemBer 257rn, 1870.—Rereviar MEEtIne.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Seven members present.

The chairman of the committee on lectures, reported
different invitations which had been sent to lecturers, and
the replies received, which were mostly favorable. And
further, that they were about closing a contract with Prof.
W. J. Beal, for a course of five lectures during next month,

32 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

and had raised by subscription almost one hundred dollars
to pay expenses of the lectures.

Mr. Barler presented a proposition to amend Article 9,
of the Constitution, by inserting the words, ‘ a Correspond-
ing Secretary and a Recording. Secretary,” instead of “a
Secretary.”

Dr. Hazen read a paper on “The Physiology of the
Eye,” describing its condition in cases of blindness, and
giving a detailed explanation of the various parts of the
eye, and the action of light upon it, &e., &e.

During the month of December, Prof. W. J. Beal, of
Chicago, delivered before the Academy a series of five very
interesting and instructive lectures upon Geology.

DrEcEMBER 30TH, 1870.—RercauLar MeEeEtTING.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Eight members present.

R. B. Hill was elected a regular member,

The amendment to the Goneriueen proposed at the last
meeting was adopted.

Mr. Tiffany made some remarks regarding the attrac-
tion of matter for matter, as shown in some experiments,
which he described.

JanuARY 277TH, 1871.—RercuLtar Meetine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Nine members present.

Prof. W. E. Crosby was elected a regular member.

Mr. Malvern Iles was appointed to invite the youth of
the city, of both sexes, to attend the next regular meeting
of the Academy, at which time Dr. Hazen will read a pa-
per on the Physiology of the Eye.

Frsrvary 247Tu, 1871.—Reautar Merrie.

Dr. T. J. [les in the chair,
Forty-six persons present.

oo)

RECORD OF PROGEEDINGS. BY:

On motion, the regular business was dispensed with,
and Dr. E. H. Hazen proceeded to read a paper on the
Physiology of the Eye.

A resolution was adopted approving of the course of
lectures on Geology, lately delivered by Prof. W. J. Beal,
and recommending him to other Societies.

Marcu 3i1sr, 1871.

Meeting adjourned on account of a lecture for the Acad-
emy, by Prot. G. Hinrichs, this evening, at the City Hall,
on the “ Treasures of the Deep.”

ApriL 3p, 1871.—ApsourNED MeEetT«ne.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Five members present.

J. D. Putnam proposed the following amendment te
Art. 4th of the By-Laws, viz: to substitute Recording See-
retary for Secretary, in the first paragraph,and The Cor-
responding Secretary for He, in the second paragraph,
striking out the word also.

Apri, 28TH, 1871.—RereuLar MEetina.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Five members present.

Rey. A. Lounsbury was elected a regular member.

The amendment to the By-Laws proposed at last meeting
was adopted, and the Academy then proceeded to the elec-
tion of Corresponding and Recording Secretaries.

W. 1. Pratt was elected Corresponding Secretary. and
J. Duncan Putnam, Recording Secretary.

May 26r7x, 1871.—Reeurar MEEtine.
Dr. es in the chair.
Six members present.
Mr. Tiffany read a letter from Prof. Eams, of Duluth,
Minn., stating that he would be glad to send the Academy
Proc. D. N.S. A. Vor. [. [6] Marcu, 1876.

34 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENOES.

specimens of minerals, etc., from the northern shores of
Lake Superior.

A short time was spent in discussion upon various sub-
jects.

JouneE 30TH, 1871.—ReevLtar Meerina.

Few members present. Meeting adjourned until July Ist.

Juty Ist, 1871.—AnsourneD Mertina.

Only four members being present, no meeting was held.

SerTEMBER 29TH, 1871.—Ree@uLtar MeEsrtina.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Nine members present.

Mr. Pratt reported a letter from Prof. Winchell, of Ann
Arbor, Michigan, proposing to deliver a series of lectures
during the winter.

Dr. [les gave an account of the Quaking Springs of
Missouri.

OcroBER 27TH, 1871.—ReeuLarR Meetina.

Vice-President Barler in the ehair.

Six members present.

On motion of Dr. Tles, a committee was appointed to
make arrangements for a series of lectures from Prof.
Winchell.

Mr. Barler exhibited before the Academy some speci-
mens from the Niagara formation in Iowa. There was a
discussion on the contraction and expansion of ice, and also
on the terms “ force’ and “ momentum,” as used in most
works on Natural Philosophy.

In November, Prof. Alexander Winchell, of Ann Ar-
bor, delivered four interesting lectures before the Academy,
upon the History of Creation.

laf

DercemBer 297TH, 1871.—Reautar Meretina.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 35

Seven members present.

A committee was appointed to inquire into the feasibil-
ity of having another course of lectures from Prof. Win-
chell, to report in two weeks to the Corresponding Secre-
tary.

JANUARY 3b, 1872.—AnnuaL MEeEtina.

The evening was spent in an interesting discussion on

various topics. No business was done.
&

JANUARY 267TH, 1872.—RecuLaR Meretine.

Vice-President Barler in the chair.

Eight members present.

Rev. Emory Miller was elected a regular member.

Mr. Tiffany read an interesting paper on Kerosene and
other illuminating oils, which was followed by a short dis-
cussion of medical uses of kerosene.

Apri. 26TH, 1872.—Rerautar MeEetina.

Mr. A. 8S. Tiffany in the chair.

Four members present.

Fripay, May 247x, 1872.— Regutar Merertrina.

President Parry in the chair.

Eight members present.

Dr. Hazen mentioned that the Academy would soon
have to move from its present location in the Library rooms.
Dr. Iles moved that the three Trustees present, Messrs. Par-
ry, Pratt and Tiffany, be appointed a committee to confer
with the School Board, about removing the cabinets to the
High School building, and to act in conjunction with the
committee appointed by the Trustees, and to report at the
next meeting. Carried.

Richard Mansel was elected a regular member.

Dr. Parry spoke of the recent discovery, in New York,
of a new parasite, that is proving very destructive to the
black spruce, and exhibited specimens. It is a species of

36 _ DAVENPORT ASOADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Arceuthobium, a genus related to the Mistletoe, not hereto-
fore found edst of the Rocky Mountains, but is now thireat-
ening the existence of that fine trée, in various places. It
is very small—about one inch in length, and the sexes are
invariably found on different branches.

Mr. Putnam exhibited some specimens of Amphicerus
bicaudatus, Say, which he had lately found boring in the
canes of the Concord grape, in a suspicious manner. It is
achestnut brown, cylindrical beetle, about half an inch long.
It makes a hoie at the eye, about an eighth of an ineh
in diameter, and forces its way for a distance of from one
to three inches. Usually but a single specimen is found in
acane, but sometimes there are more. The best way to
destroy them is to cut off the cane containing them, and
burn it.

Mr. Mansel made some remarks on his new “ Theory of
the Universe,’ and presented several of his pamphlets, for
which he received the thanks of the Society. Upon re-
quest, the Secretary read a portion of one of his publica-
tions.

On motion of Dr. Iles, the Treasurer was asked to make
a report on the indebtedness of each member to the Acad=
emy.

June 147TH, 1872.—Sprecia, MEretine.

President Parry in the chair.

Six members present.

Mr. Pratt, of the committee appointed at the last meet-
ing, reported that they had apphed to the School Board for
permission to deposit our cabinet in the High School
building.

Mr. Pratt stated that at the last meeting of the Trus-
tees, it was voted to allow each member to pay such amount
of his dues as he felt able, and to receipt him in full, to
July Ist, of this year.

Mr. Gray spoke of a fossil which he obtained from a
stone-cutter in Rock Island. Mr. Pratt said it was proba-
bly Orthocerus annulatus.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS, Bi

Mr. Pratt called the attention of members of the Acad-
emy to the large quantity of rock being brought from the
neighborhood of Lowa City, and broken up and deposited as
ballast upon the track of the C., R. 1. and P. R. R., near
the new Perry Street Depot.

He remarked that an unusual opportunity was thus af-
forded for the collection of Devonian corals and shells, of
which these rocks contain great quantities of well marked,
and well preserved specimens.

Mr. J. D. Putnam presented the following notes on

The Maple Bark Louse (Lecanium acericola, W. & R.)

During the past year the maples of this city have suffered greatly
from the attacks of a bark louse, the Lecanium acericola of Walsh and
Riley, (American Entomologist, Vol. I, page 14). Mr. A. 8. Tiffany
says his attention was first drawn to it in May, 186%, by Mr. McEwen,
who had also noticed it the year before. Mr. Tiffany has noticed them
every year since, each time in greater abundance. In 1870 they had
become so abundant as to attract general attention. Last year they
began to increase enormously, and threatened to destroy all the beau-
tiful maples which adorn our city, but fortunately their enemies in-
creased with still greater rapidity, so that we may hope to save most
of the trees. These bark lice were in the greatest abundance in the
very center of the city, near Third and Brady sireets, and became
less and less numerous towards the suburbs. I do not know of any
having been noticed out of town. They seem to spread very slowly,
and have probably been introduced on some young trees. They have
also been noticed to occur sparsely, and probably accidentally, on the
locust, and other trees.

When first noticed in the spring, the bark lice were scale like, of
an oval shape, from one-tenth to three-tenths of an inch long, and of
a light brown and gray color. As soon as warm weather set in they
began to increase rapidly in size, until about May 20th, when they
began to lay their eggs, which are enveloped in a silken mass pro-
jecting forward from the underside of the mother louse. They con-
tinued to lay eggs for about three weeks, when the young lice began
to hatch out. The young lice are very minute, and of a honey yellow
color. They are quite active, and overrun everything, but soon gather
along the principal veins of the leaves and remain stationary. The
eggs continued to hatch for about a week. During August most of the
bark lice moulted, becoming of a mottled brown color, instead of
honey yellow. Before the leaves begin to fall on the approach of
winter, numbers of the lice seem to find their way from the leaves to

)

Te) DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

the limbs, where they remain during the winter, to begin over again
in the spring. Itis possible they may have been on the limbs all the
time, unobserved.

The bark louse is attacked, in its different stages, by three species
of lady birds,—Coceinelide. The larve of Hyperaspis normata, Say, are
found in considerable numbers preying on the eggs within the silken
mass, and in this way destroy vast numbers of the lice. These larvee
are about one-fifth of an inch long, covered with a whitish down.
The lady bird itself is about one-tenth of an inch long, of a shining
black color, with a round bright red spot on each wing cover. The
next most abundant species is Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls. This beetle
very much resembles the last, but is about twice as large, and the red
spots are emarginate. The larve are gray, covered with spines, and
seem specially to attend the young lice after they are hatched. When
about to pupate they gather in large clusters near the forks of the
limbs. The other lady bird is Mysta 15-punctata, Oliv., much larger
than either of the others, ot a drab color, with fifteen black spots. But
few were noticed

Many artificial remedies were tried, but none with success. Prob-
ably the best plan is to syringe the trees thoroughly while the young
lice are hatching, in June, with a weak solution of some poison.

Owing to absence from town | have not yet been able to trace out
a complete history of this bark louse.

Dr. Parry exhibited specimens of a new addition to the
Flora of the West; the first from Iowa.

It was discovered by Mrs. Hedges, of Faribault, Minn.,
and was described by Prof. Gray, from specimens received
of Miss 8. P. Darlington, under the name of L’rythroniwm
propullanes. He also spoke of his recent trip on the D. &
St. P. R. R. It was wonderful to see how the Prairie Flora
has changed since he first crossed the prairies thirty years
ago. An old town may usually be known by blue grass
growing in the vicinity. It is very persistent and drives
out nearly all other plants.

The President and Secretary then bade the Academy
farewell for the summer, being about to depart on a botani-
cal and entomological excursion to the Rocky Mountains.

JuLy 26TH, 1872.—Recutar Merrine.
Vice-President Barler in the chair.
Three members present.
Mr. W. H. Price was elected a regular merhber.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 39

Ocroper 257TH, 1872.—Rereutar Meetine.

President Parry in the chair.

Six members present.

Mr. Pratt, of the committee appointed to confer with
the School Board, said that Dr. Olshausen, chairman of the
committee appointed by the school board, had no objection
to having the cabinet placed in the board rooms, (basement
under the High School,) but could not let us have our
meetings there. No action was taken on this report.

The President and Secretary having returned from Col-
orado, the results of their trip were discussed to some ex-
tent. Each reported a very enjoyable and successful season
in their respective departments. The sanitary and other
effects of the climate, and the elevation and depression of
mountains in general, were discussed by the members
present.

Novemser 297H, 1872.—Reeutar Meerine.

Held in the office of Putnam & Rogers.

President Parry in the chair.

Eight members present. '

A communication was read from Dr. C. H. Harney,
Waupun, Wis., Oct. 26th, 1872, giving an account of a
supposed cure of hydrophobia, performed upon himself,
with a “ mad stone,’ some thirty-five years ago. After the
communication had been read, Dr. Roundy made a few re-
marks, controverting many of the statements contained in
the communication. Some discussion was held upon this
subject.

Dr. Parry spoke of having recently visited a large salt
marsh in Northern Kansas, about three hundred miles west
of the Missouri river. This marsh covers an area of up-
wards of twelve hundred acres. A number of fresh water
streams empty into it, and “Salt Creek ”’ flows out. The
plants growing in the margh are similar to those found
growing along the sea shore. Animal life is not very
abundant, only a few fresh water shells (?Jlanorbis and

40) DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOIENCES.

Physa) were noticed. This bed of salt has been found
to extend to a depth of at least sixty feet, and is probably
inexhaustible. It is dry for about four feet from the sur-
face, but when wells are sunk deeper, a very strong brine
collects in them. It may be evaporated in large quantities
by action of the sun alone, during the summer, as the cli-
mate is very dry. Dr. Parry exhibited a number of speci-
mens of the salt in various conditions.

DecemBer 131TH, 1872.—ApsouRNED Mxertna.

Held in the oftice of Messrs. Putnam & Rogers.

Mr. A. 8. Tiffany in the chair.

Seven members present.

Mr. Pratt read a letter from Mr. Woodman, of Du-
buque, offering to furnish the Academy with a fine collec-
tion of Marine animals, for $500, said collection being
worth at least $1,000.

Mr. Pratt read an elaborate paper on the “ Tides,”’ fine-
ly illustrated with diagrams.

January 8rn, 1873.—Annvuat Mesgrine.

Mr. Wm. Riepe in the chair.

Five members present.

Mr. Pratt read a communication from Mr. Barler, re-
signing his position as Trustee of the Academy, he having
moved beyond the township of Davenport.

On motion, Mr. Barler’s resignation was laid over until
the next meeting.

The Academy then proceeded to the election of officers
for 1873, resulting as follows:

President—Dr. ©. C. Parry.
Vice-President—Dr. K. H. Hazan.
Corresponding Secretary—W . H. Prarr.
Recording Secretary——J. 1). Purnam.

The Academy then proceeded to the election of a Trus-

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 4]

tee in the place of the late Hon. J. L. Davies. Mr. E. P.
Lynch was unanimously elected.

January 31st, 1873.—Rerevtar Meetine.

President Parry in the chair.

Seven members and two visitors present.

Mr. Tiffany made a verbal report on finances, showing
over $100 in the treasury.

Mr. Barler’s resignation of his Trusteeship, was then
taken up, and accepted. The vacancy to be filled by ballot,
at the next meeting.

A letter was read from the wife of the late Dr. John
Paul, of Ottawa, [l., (a corresponding member.) announe-
ing his death, and offering his cabinet for sale.

It was voted that two members be appointed a commit-
tee to confer with other associations in relation to the eree-
tion of a building, ete.

Dr. Parry and Mr. Tiffany were appointed to form this
committee.

Mr. Churchill, who was present as a visitor, made some
remarks on the museum of the Agricultural College at
Ames, Iowa.

Dr. Parry mentioned that he had been appointed Bota-
nist to a Military Expedition to the head-waters of the
Yellowstone, Bighorn, &¢., in Wyoming.

A vote of thanks was tendered the Putnam Bros., for
printing the Constitution of the Academy.

Frpruary 28tTu, 1873.—Reeavutar Meetine.

President Parry in the chair.

Nine members present.

Dr. Parry, of the committee appointed to confer with
committees from other societies, upon the subject of build-
ing, &e., reported that they had met several times, but had
not yet decided upon any plan.

My. Tiffany desired to have some one else appointed to

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vot. I. [7] Marcu, 1876.

42 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

his. place on this committee, as he expected to be absent
from the city. Mr. Lynch was appointed.

H. H. Benson and John Temple were elected regular
members.

The Academy then proceeded to elect a Trustee, vice
A. U. Barler, resigned.’ Mr. Charles E. Putnam was unan-
imously elected.

Mr. Tiffany then presented the following account of the

Discovery of Human Remains in a Shell-bed on Rock
Island.*

On the Rock Island Arsenal grounds, near the western extremity
of the Island, there had been an excavation, about three hundred feet
long and eight feet deep. Ata depth of three feet from the top is a
deposit of shells, mostly Unidos, but including Melantho subsolida, and
two or more species of Heliw. This shell-bed, at this exposure, varies
from six to sixteen inches in thickness. Accurate levelings prove the
deposit to be eighteen feet above the highest water mark known since
Fort Armstrong was established on the [sland.

In the lower part of this shell-bed, at the point marked in the sec-
tion (plate XX VI, fig. 1), were found the skull and bones belonging to
one individual. The bones were quite fragile and easily fell to pieces,
but alarge portion of the skull was secured (Plate XXI, fig. 25.)
There are many fragments bearing witness that the whole skeleton
had been there. Associated with these human remains were found
the point of an antler of a deer or elk, and what appears to be a frag-
ment of the shin bone of a bison, which had apparently been broken
to extract the marrow.

The covering was evidently an aqueous deposit, the sedimentary
lines being perfect and unbroken. Deposited with and above the
shells are gravel and sand, the material becoming finer toward the
top, the last foot being fine alluvium and vegetable mould.

The section has been visited by many members of the Academy,
and by Prof. Alexander Winchell, while some of the bones were in
place, and all agree that the covering of this pre-historic man was a
sedimentary deposit. It is believed that further investigation will
accumulate many evidences that man was cotemporaneous with this
ancient shell-bed.

This paper gave rise to considerable discussion as to the
origin of the shell-beds found so commonly in this vicinity.

*This exploration was made in the fall of 1871, andthe remains were then pre-
sented to the Academy.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS, 45

Some members suggested that they were formed by human
agency, while others contended that they could only have
been deposited by the action of water.

Mr. Pratt exhibited a wrought bone implement, which
appeared to have been used as an awl, and which he found
in the shell-bed near East Davenport.

Mr. French gave a description of some “ steaming
springs, ” in the vicinity of Delhi. They are situated in a
stone quarry, and send forth occasional puffs of steam.
This steam is not visible, however, except in cold weather.
The quarry is frequented by rattlesnakes and wolves, and
the water abounds with fish. He also spoke of a cave near
Decorah, the walls-of which were covered with ice in sum-
mer.

Dr. Parry and Mr. Putnam mentioned an old deserted
mining tunnel, about two miles west of, and on a level with,
Empire City, Colorado, (8,500 feet above the sea,) in the
mouth of which on the last of August, they found a snow
drift, just beyond which the tunnel was nearly closed by ¢
large number of icicles, some of them as large as the leg of
astont man. The ground was frozen, and the timbers cov-
ered with a beautiful frost work, for a distance of about
fifty feet; beyond which it became warmer and pools of
water collected in the bottom. The tunnel is made in a
slope of talus which had evidently fallen from above, and
was on the north side of Lincoln Mountain, shaded from
all, but the morning sun. After some further discussion
about “ice caves,” and hot sprinys, Dr. Parry exhibited
some bunches of fibres which he obtained while in San Do-
mingo. They were from a plant nearly related to the Cen-
tury Plant. THe said that it made the strongest rope known.
He also exhibited a piece of rope made from these fibres.

Marcu 287, 1873.—Reevtar Maerine.

President Parry in the chair.
Six members present.
Dr. Parry of the joint committee on building, said that

44+ DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

several plans would be submitted to a meeting of the vari-
ous societies to be held to-morrow evening, and invited all
the members to be present. Mr. Lynch of the same com-
mittee, exhibited a plan for a building, which he had caused
to be drawn.

Mr. Jas. M. DeArmond was elected a regular member.

[t was moved that a committee be appointed to make
a proposition to the School Board, that, if the Board would
furnish a case, the Academy, or its members, would fill it
with specimens, illustrating the various departments of
Natural History.

The motion was sustained by remarks by several of the
members present, and Messrs. Tiffany and Riepe were ap-
pointed as such committee.

Dr. Parry read the following:
Obituary Notice of Prof. John Torrey, M. D.

BY DR. €. C. PARRY.

Since the last regular meeting of this Academy, the brief list of its
honorary members has been made vacant by death. Prof. JoHn Tor-
REY, of Columbia College, departed this life March 10th, 1873, in the
77th year of his age. Full of years and honors, a good and wise man
has gone to his reward, leaving behind the fruit of much valuable
scientific labor well performed, and the rich legacy of a noble example.
It is fitting that one who has known him well for the past twenty-
eight years,— first in the position of instructor, and always in the
character of a warm and sympathizing friend,— should express some
thing, however imperfectly, of the worth and works of him whose fin-
ished career, extending through a long and active life, has been inti-
mately identified with the wonderful progress of science during the
present century.

Dr. Torrey was born, educated. and spent the greater part of his
life in the city of New York. In the year 1817, he prepared for publi-
cation his first botanical paper, entitled ‘A List of Plants Growing
within Thirty miles of New York city.’ This publication, still extant
as an historical curiosity, was not printed till the year 1819. Its allu-
sion to old botanizing localities, long since swallowed up in the vor-
tex of this great metropolis, are very suggestive; such as “ Bog-mead-
ows near Greenwich ;” “ Sandy fields about Canal street,” and others,
now overgrown with brick and mortar.

Inthe year 1818, then in his 22d year, Dr. Torrey graduated in
medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in which still

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS, 45

flourishing institution he afterwards held the Professorship of Chem-
istry and Botany up to the year 1855. In the year 1820, he was solic-
ited to join the exploring expedition of Major Long to the Rocky
Mountains, but on account of other engagements he was induced to
decline in favor of Dr. Edwin James, the subsequent historian and
botanist of this pioneer exploration, who died, a few years since, at
his home, near Burlington, in this State. Although Dr. Torrey was
not officially connected with this celebrated expedition, he was largely
identified with its scientific work as co-laborer in describing the new
plants then collected from that remote and hitherto unexplored dis-
trict. These results were published in a series of papers contributed
to the Annals of the New York Lyceum, extending over the period
from 1823 to 1827. Succeeding these early publicatians, Dr. Torrey
has continued his interest in the development of the Flora of the great
West unabated up to the time of his death, covering a period of fully
fifty years. His own Herbarium, now in the possession of Columbia
College, was constantly enriched with collections brought back by
the various government expeditions,— whose published and largely
illustrated botanical reports were, in a great measure, gratuitously
worked up by this accomplished American botanist. It is with a
painful interest that the writer calls to mind that his last living inter-
view with this veteran botanist was as late as September last, when it
was my privilege to entertain this distinguished guest at my rude bo-
tanical retreat, in the heart of the Rocky Mountains. Here, in close
proximity to my cabin, I could point out to him many of the living
plants that he had described fifty years previously, from herbarium
specimens, but had never before seen in their living beauty.

In my first botanical explorations of the Rocky Mountain region
of Colorado, in 1861, I applied the name of “ Torrey and Gray” to
two twin peaks, which from a distant view had often attracted my
attention. In the year following I succeeded in reaching the
summit of the eastern peak, now well known as Gray’s Peak, and
determined its elevation by barometric observation. Ten years after-
wards, in 1872, I stood for the seconé time on the same elevation, ac-
companied by Prof. Gray himself, and a large party of acquaintances.
In response to some appropriate resolutions on this occasion, Prof.
Gray, pointing to the closely adjoining western peak, expressed the
earnest wish, seconded by al! present, that it should continue to bear
the name first affixed —of Mt. Torrey—in worthy commemoration of
his early and valued scientific associate.

Scarcely a month later Dr. Torrey, on his return from California,
visited the same locality, but was prevented from making the ascent
of the higher peaks by the early severity of the season; from a near
view, liowever, he was permitted to gaze upon the sky-piercing sum-
mits, and snatch from their wintry slopes some late grown floral me-
mentos of his early labors, while the retiring western sun crowned
with its halo the hoary summit of Mount Torrey.

46 DAVENPORT SCADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

But, to come back from this interesting digression, it is proper to
remark that Dr. Torrey, though more extensively known as a botanist,
was also a chemist of no mean attainments. In fact, the greater part
of his active professional life was spent either in teaching chemistry
to medical or college students, or in superintending its practical de-
tails as Government Assayer in New York city, which latter position
he worthily filled for 20 years, up to the time of his decease. In 1824,
Dr. Torrey was appointed Professor of Chemistry, Geology, and Min-
eralogy in the Military Academy at West Point, which position he
resigned to accept the Chair of Chemistry and Botany in the College
of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. It was during his West
Point career that he held the position of instructer to many since dis-
tinguished in military life. It was not an uncommon circumstance
for venerable gray-headed men to address this veteran teacher, in a
jocular way, in alluding to his early position as their instructor, in
response to which the good Doctor, who never grew old in his feel-
ings, would generally remark, in an under tone, “ Pray, don’t mention
it; it will make me feel so old.’ His acquaintance with all the early
botanists of this country was extensive and intimate; his conversation
was replete with interesting reminiscences of these old associates, in-
cluding the names so well known in botanical literature as Nuttall,
Muhlenberg, Raffinesque, Mitcheil, Baldwin, Elliott, etc., ete. In 1838
he was associated with his early pupil and lifelong friend, Professor
Gray, in the publication of the “North American Flora,” a work still
incomplete. But the rich material since accumulated, and now
in the hands of Prof. Gray, encourages botanists to hope for its com-
pletion by the distinguished junior associate, on whom the weight of
sixty-two years still bears lightly.

In December, 1867, a festival was held in New York city, to cele-
brate the fiftieth anniversary of the first botanical publication of Dr.
Torrey. Among the invited guests then present were many who had
received their earliest instruction and constant friendly assistance
from their distinguished friend in whose honor they had assembled.
Prof. Thurber, who presided on this occasion, in his opening address,
after alluding to the valuable contributions to science during the inter-
vening fifty years by their honored guest, expressed thus truthfully
the feelings of all present, in the remark: ‘* Every one who has been
brought into frequent communication with him, knows that he has
forgotten the philosopher in the friend, and that he has been made
not only a better botanist but a better man.”

Farther on in his address, Prof. Thurber, in alluding to that ele-
gant genus of plants that commemorates Dr. Torrey, viz.: the Torreya
of Florida and California (of which the assembled guests had each a
sprig in his button-hole), expressed the wish that the original describer
of the first discovered species (Prof. Arnott) had not applied to it the
appropriate specific name of semper virens (always flourishing) “for,”

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 47

he said, turning to Dr. Torrey, “ does not he whose name it bears dis-
regard the frosts of time? Does not his presence always bring genial
summer, and show us that years make no winter in the heart which
has not lost the freshness of youth, butin which love to man and to
God reigns supreme? Long after the flowers shall have bloomed
above us all, future botanists will carry on the work he has so nobly
helped. Those yet unborn will wander by the Southern rivers, visit
the mountains of far off Japan, or climb our own grand Sierra Nevada,
in search of the Torreya, and his name will be remembered as long as
there shall be botany and botanists.”

’ With these fitting words, now remembered in sadness, may we not
properly close this record of a worthy life spent—but not lost — in the
cause of science and truth ?

After reading the above, Dr. Parry exhibited a photo-
graph of Dr. Torrey, the last letter he had received from
him, and a branch of the plant which has been named after
him, Torreya Californica, (the California Nutmeg.) He
also exhibited a piece of maple wood, which showed the ef-
fects of a hail storm that occurred in this county, on June
3d, 1868. Five annual rings had grown over the bruised
bark, thus forming a complete record of the storm. Also
a curious boomerang made and used by the Moquis Pueblo
Indians, of New Mexico and Arizona.

Mr. Tiffany exhibited some curious rock formations,
which he had taken from the “roofing” of a coal mine
near Atkinson, Henry county, Tilinois.

SprecraL MEerinc.

Marcu 297rn, 1873.

A meeting of the Library Association was held this
evening, at which the Horticultural Society and Academy
of Natural Sciences were present. The object of the meet-
ing was to consider various projects for a building. Three
plans were brought before the meeting. Ist. A building
to cost abont $25,000. 2d. A plain, but substantial build-
ing to cost $8,000 or $10,000. 38d. The purchase of the
Fifth Street Methodist church property, for $6,000. On
an informal vote, a majority of those present expressed
themselves in favor of the third of the above propositions.

45 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Arrit 127TH, 1873.—Srercran Mrerine.

‘Held in Library Rooms.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Mr. Lynch reported that the joint committee on build-
ing had decided to recommend to the societies the purchase
of the Fifth Street Methodist church property, and that
certain alterations be made in it as per plan.

On motion, the report was adopted, and the committee
continued, with power to solicit subscriptions, and to nego-
tiate for the purchase of the property. Mr. Lynch stated
that Dr. Parry had left the city for the summer, and there-
fore moved that Mr. W. F. Ross be added to the committee
of conference, which was done.

Apri 257TH, 1873.—Reautar Mereria.

Held at the ottice of Putnam & Rogers.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Seven members present.

Mr. Riepe, of the committee appointed to confer with
the School Board, reported that the Board had accepted the
proposition of the Academy, and would put up a suitable
case in the High School for the reception of specimens il-
lustrating the various departments of Natural History.

It was voted that the proposition made by Dr. Parry, at
last meeting, to “Amend Article TV. of the Constitution,
by substituting one hundred dollars, in place of two hun-
dred dollars, as the fee required for Life Membership,” be
adopted.

Major Andrews, W. C. Brewster, Rh. W. Roberts and
Max Marix, were elected regular members.

Mr. French presented the following resolution, which
was adopted:

Resolved, That any member contributing the sum of one hundred
dollars or more towards the purchase of the Methodist Church build-
ing, shall be entitled to a certificate of Life Membership in this asso-
ciation.

Mr. C. E. Putnam was appointed to prepare suitable

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 49

resolutions of respect to the memory of Mr. D. 8. True,
late one of the Trustees of this Academy.

The subject of Ancient Mounds was then discussed.
Mr. French spoke of a large group of mounds near Albany,
LiL, about thirty miles above Davenport, opposite Caman-
che. Twenty years ago one of them was opened, and cop-
per knives, and a curiously wrought vase were found in it,
together with human remains. These relics were long held
by the inhabitants, but have disappeared one by one.

It was proposed by some of the members to form a par-
ty for the purpose of exploring these mounds. The mounds
between Rock Island and Rock River, were also spoken of.
These are evidently of much more recent date than those
at’ Albany.

May 2p, 1873.—ApsourNEeD Meetina.

Held in the office of Putnam & Rogers.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Six members present.

Mr. Lynch of the committee on building, reported that
they had held no meeting since the last report. Several
subscription papers had been circulated, but as yet with
little success.

Mr. Chas. E. Putnam of the committee appointed to
prepare resolutions in respect to the death of Mr. D.S.
True, reported the following, which were unanimously
adopted : /

The members of the ACADEMY oF NATURAL ScrENcES, of which the
late David S. True was a member and Trustee, desiring to place upon
record some expression of their appreciation of his virtues, and sor-
row at his loss, do resolve:

1st. That, in the earnest and eloquent words of affection and grief
from his brother members of the Bar, we find only a fitting tribute to
his ability and worth, as lawyer and citizen; and we, who have met
him in his hours of relaxation, in the serene walks of literature and
science, most heartily concur with the sentiments of those resolutions.

2d. That, while it may be true that our friend leaves behind him
no great work to perpetuate his memory still one has not lived in
vain, who, with varied accomplishments and great capabilities, leaves

Peo, D- N.S. Ay Vou. f. ) [8] Marcu, 1876.

Sear DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

the example of a career so modest, so gentle, so full of kindly deeds,
and generous impulses; and in days to come, the story of his life will
be recounted as of a pure and great lawyer, who, amid the contentions
of his profession, never forgot his manhood nor his courtesy; and the
influence of that life will remain to elevate the profession he loved,
and to illustrate that, in its fair and honorable practice, there will be
opened all the avenues of wealth and fame.

3d. That, such was our brother’s singular unobtrusiveness, and
dislike of notoriety, that he carefully avoided all occasion for public
display, and only those to whom was afforded the inestimable privi-
lege of meeting him in familiar intercourse, could form any adequate
conception how well-rounded was his character, and how thoroughly
developed and cultured his mind; that it was one of his most beauti-
ful characteristics, that he never obtruded his own profession, or in-
terests, or personality; but with men of action, of literature, or of sci-
eace, made thezr pursuits his topic of conversation; and many of us
will remember with delight how patiently he would listen to our im-
perfect statements of facts in science; with what facility and felicity
he weuld gather and group these truths,—estimate their true value
and then return them to us, arranged and transformed in his own sin-
gularly clear and concise statement.

4th. That, though making no pretensions to any exact or special
culture in science, our brother had acquired an intelligent familiarity
with most of its departments, and was a careful and reverent observer
of the great works of nature; that in his large and liberal estimate of
life and things, shams and traditions could have no part, but all were
brought to the severe test of real value; that his clear intellect and
strong character carried him easily beyond the trammels of sect and
limitation of creed, into the fair domain of pure truth; and that he il-
lustrated, in his life, that it is of less importance what a man professes
or believes, than what he does and is; and in his death, our brother
leaves behind, to his profession, and the community, the priceless ex-
ample of a pure and almost perfect life. ‘

5th. That these resolutions be entered on the record of the Socie-
ty, and a copy of them transmitted to the widow of our deceased
friend, as a slight expresston of our sympathy in her great affliction.

Mr. Putnam then presented the following paper:
CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA COLLECTED IN COLORADO IN
1872, by J. D. Putnam.

May 3071, 1873.—Reevirar MEETING.
Held in the office of Dr. Hazen.
Vice-President Hazen in the chair.
The Academy proceeded to ballot for a Trustee, to fill

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 51

the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. David S. True, and
Mr. George H. French was unanimously elected.

Mr. Chas. P. Burr was elected a regular member.

There was some discussion regarding a trip to Albany,
Illinois, to examine the mounds there.

Reeutar MEsrtine.

Held in the office of Mr. L. T. Eads, our new rooms not
being furnished.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Five members present.

Mr. Tiffany of the committee on rooms, reported that
the room back of Mr. Eads’ office had been rented to April
Ist, 1874, at $6 per month, and the Academy had taken
possession on the middle of July, and the cases and speci-
mens from the Library room had been moved in.

After some discussion regarding the exploration of the
ancient mounds at Albany, [llinois, Dr. Iles moved that
the Academy recommend to the Board of Trustees, the ap-
pointment of some member of the Academy to go to Alba-
ny to examine and make measurements, drawing and des-
cription of the mounds, and to make such preliminary ar-
rangements as may be necessary there for an excursion and
“field meeting,”’ and that the Academy pay the expenses of
the person sent. The motion prevailed, and Mr. Pratt was
appointed to the work.

JuLy 25TH, 1873.

Avcust 297TH, 1873.—Rerevuirar Meretina.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Nine members present. A number of visitors also in
attendance.

Mr. Pratt presented a report upon the ancient mounds
at Albany, Llinois, their number, position, structure and
contents; illustrated by black-board diagrams. He also
presented a number of skulls and other bones, ete., which
he obtained from one of the mounds. [See Appendix. ]

On motion, it was

52 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Resolved, That the Academy tender the Hon. James Thorington,
U.S. Consul at Aspinwall, a vote of thanks for his handsome ‘dona-
tion of tropical birds.

On motion, Messrs. Geo. H. French, E. H. Hazen and
W. LH. Pratt, were appointed a committee to make arrange-
ments for an excursion to Albany, Illinois, and to report at
the next regular meeting, or at a meeting to be called at
the diseretion of the committee.

SEPTEMBER 267TH, 1873.—RecuLAR MeEetine.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Five members present.

Albert Stibolt was elected a member of the Academy.

Dr. Hazen exhibited a few of the birds which had been
mounted.

Dr. Hazen of the committee on an excursion to Albany,
reported progress in making arrangements.

OcrosER 31st, 1873.—Rercuatr Meera.

President Parry in the chair.

Ten members present. .

Dr. Hazen of the committee on an excursion to the
mounds, at Albany, Illinois, reported that they had set No-
vember Ist, for the day, but the weather having become so
severe, they deemed it best to postpone the trip for one
week, or more if necessary.

Mr. Pratt reported the receipt of a letter from the Smith-
sonian Institution requesting a description of the mounds
at Albany, together with specimens therefrom.

Mr. Churchill stated that he had visited the mounds at
Albany, and made some additional excavations in the same
mound, whieh had been previously opened by Mr. Pratt, as
he did not have time to open a new one. Ile obtained,
however, two more skulls entire, with lower jaw, one being
that of a child. He also obtained fragments of two more
skulls, and a number of other bones.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 538

Col. Wm. Allen, Dr. C. H. Preston and U. N. Roberts,
were elected regular members.

Saturpay, Novemper 8ru, 1873.—Excursion ro ALBANY.

To-day a small number of members and. friends met at
the depot of the Western Union R. R., in Rock Island, and
took the train northward. An hour and a half was pleas-
antly spent discussing archeological topics, before the
train stopped among the mounds, about one mile south of
Albany, Ill. Here it was found that the party consisted of
twenty-three persons. The day was bright and beautiful,
just cool enough to make the work pleasant. Mr. Tiffany
having preceded the party, had, with the aid of some labor-
ers, done the heavier digging in several mounds, and the
gentlemen of the party set immediately to work to make a
thorough exploration of these mounds, and before it was
time to return the contents of three of them had been care-
fully examined, and many interesting things found. For
an account of these, see. Mr. Tiffany’s report further on.
About 4 o’clock P. M., the southern bound train stopped
long enough to take the party on—and the thirty miles to
Rock Island were soon passed over. The officers of the W.
U. R. R., were very kind and accommodating, and the day
was thoroughly enjoyed by all who were fortunate enough
to be among the party.

NovEemBer 281TH, 1873.—Reauiar Meerina.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Seven members present.

Dr. E. H. Hazen presented a Report on the Excursion
to Albany, on November 8th.

Mr. A. S. Tiffany then read his Report on the Mounds
recently explored at Albany. [See Appendix.]

Capt. L. M. Haverstick was elected a regular member.

Messrs. Pratt and Tiffany were appointed a committee
to make selections from the ethnological specimens col-
lected at Albany, for the Smithsonian Institution.

5+ DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

DecemBer 267TH, 1873.—Reautar MEETING.

President Parry in the chair.

Eleven members present.

Mr. Tiffany of the Trustees’ committee on rooms, stated
that very good, well lighted rooms could be had in the Odd
Fellow’s Building. He also stated that Dr. Parry had of-
fered as much room as the Academy might desire, on the sec-
ond floor of his building, corner of Front and Perry streets,
for two years, free of rent, if the Academy would fix it up.

Mr. Pratt exhibited a photograph of one of the skulls,
from the Albany Mounds, proposing to have them all pho-
tographed.

The Recording Secretary read a letter received from
Prof. Baird, in regard to the publication of the proceedings
of the Academy, in the Vew York Tribune.

Dr. Parry presented the following resolution, which
was unanimously adopted:

Resolwed, That in the recent decease of Prof. Louis Agassiz, society
and the civilized world at large, mourns the loss of one eminently
gifted in all that adorns the highest type of manhood; a genial gentle-
man in the walks of private and professional life, an earnest advocate
for an advanced standard of modern education, and who, far beyond
all others of this age, in popularizing science, never lowered its just
demands, while illustrating in his own life and labors, the necessity
of prosecuting scientific research, irrespective of pecuniary gain, and
with a supreme regard to the permanent claims ef truth.

Col. Allen stated that he had recently caught in a steel
trap, set for rabbits, near his residence, (near Rockingham, )
-an animal which he supposed to be an ermine. He had
also captured five or six skunks very lately. These ani-
mals, which were formerly quite rare hereabouts, seem to
have increased with the settlement of the country.

Some discussion was held on the subject of revising the
Constitution and By-Laws, so as to place the Academy on
a more useful basis.

On motion, the President and Recording Secretary were
appointed a committee to make a revision of the Constitu-
sion, and to report as soon as practicable.

~

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 55

Mr. Ross spoke of the advantage of holding weekly
meetings, of a more social nature than the regular monthly
meetings, and to which ladies should be invited. This
plan met with very general favor from the members pres-
ent, some of whom had previously attended similar meet-
ings.

On motion, it was decided to hold a ‘* Conversazione, ”’
on the second Friday in January, Dr. Hazen offering his
office for that purpose, and Mr. Ross was appointed to pre-
pare rules for the meetings.

The President stated that the Annual Meeting would
be held on the evening of Wednesday, Jan. 7th, 1874, in
the oftice of Putnam & Rogers. He hoped to see as many
of the members as possible present.

JANUARY 7TH, 1874.—ANnnuat MEETING.
President Parry in the chair.
Fourteen members present.
Mr. Tiffany. Treasurer, presented a report of Finances,

showing:
“So 321 2S ie Toa ee Se ee enennns © Dae! &58.95
merram. former “Treasurer. « << ..3.:ay<:s6 «0/e10 0s ols 76.02

$134.97

On motion, the chair appointed Messrs. E. P. Lynch
and W. H. Pratt, as auditing committee, to whom the
Treasurer’s report was referred.

The President presented a report on the progress and
condition of the Society.

The Academy then proceeded to the election of officers,
which resulted as follows:

President—Dnr. C. C. Parry.

Vice-President— Dr. E. H. Hazen.

Corresponding-Secretary—W . H. Prarr.

Recording-Secretary—J. D. Purnam.

Mr. Churehill exhibited some very tine and interesting
specimens of cale spar, containing long acicular erystals of
some mineral extending across the spaces.

56 DAVENPORT AOADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Dr. Farquharson read a short report of analysis and
measurement of a number of the crania and long bones re-
cently exhumed from the Albany mounds.

On motion, a vote of thanks was tendered to Messrs.
Putnam & Rogers, for use of room for meeting.

JANUAYY 9TH, 18’74.~-CoNVERSAZIONE.
Held in Dr. Hazen’s office.
Thirty-five members present.
The subject for discussion—Evolution.

JANUARY 167TH, 1874.—CoNVERSAZIONE.
Held in Dr. Hazen’s ottice.
The subject for discussion—Life.

JANUARY 30TH, 1874.—Reeutar Meetine.

President Parry in the chair.

Nine members present.

Prof. J. S. Newberry, of Columbia College, N. Y., was
elected a corresponding member of the Academy, and Mr.
George 8. Heywood, a regular member.

Mr. Tiffany presented the matter of negotiations, which
have been commenced for the purchase of a scientific libra-
ry, which is offered to the Academy by Prof. W. H. Barris,
and on motion, Messrs. Tiffany, Hazen and Farquharson
were appointed a committee to determine the feasibility of
purchasing the books by private subscription and if deemed
advisable, to procure subscriptions and consummate the ar-
rangement.

Dr. Farquharson made some remarks wpon the peculiar
cranial and other characteristics of the pre-historic races of
America and Europe, and showing quite conclusively that
the remains procured from the mounds at Albany, IIl., are
those of the genuine “ Mound-Builders. ”

The committee on Photographs, exhibited a series of
seventeen prints, being different views of seven different
skulls, from Albany, and reported that the photographs

wg:

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 57

were nearly ready for distribution, in exchanges with other
societies, and also for sale.

Fresruary 6TH, 1874.—ConvERSAZIONE.

Meeting held in the office of Dr. Hazen.
Subject—* The best method of Governing. ”’

Fresruary 16tu, 1874.—ConvERSAZIONE.

Meeting held in the oftice of Dr. Hazen.
Subject for discussion—Rights of Minorities.

Frepruary Y4ru, 1874.—ConvERSAZIONE.

Held in Dr. Hazen’s office.
Subject for discussion—* Wherein do the Rights of Wo-
men differ froin those of Men.”

Fresruary 287TH, 1874.—Reeviar Meerine.

President Parry in the chair.

Six members present.

Dr. Hazen reported the donation, by 1. W. Harrison,
Ksq.. of a freak of nature, in the form of a specimen of
spontaneous grafting, being a section of the body of an oak
tree, having a limb, which, about a foot above its insertion,
is grafted into the body of the tree, entirely enclosed and
overgrown by the solid wood.

Dr. Farquharson of committee on purchase of books
from Prof. Barris, reported that the required amount, $300,
was nearly made up, wanting only $17, and that $100 had
been collected and paid over.

Mr. Pratt reported that the committee on report to
Smithsonian Institution on exploration of Albany mounds,
had sent a report, and also sent three of the skulls, Nos. 4,
5 and 6, and some other bones, and a set of the photographs,
of seven skulls, consisting of seventeen prints. A set of
photographs had also been sent to the Boston Society of
Natural History.

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vot. I. [9] Marcu, 1876

Ye) DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

He also stated that sets of photographs were now ready
for sale.

Dr. Parry called attention to the collection of plants,
some two thousand species, donated to the Academy some
time since, by Judge G. W. Clinton, President of the Buf-
talo, (N. Y.) Society of Natural Sciences. He stated that
he had arranged the plants for convenient reference, that
he found them in good condition, correctly labeled, and
that they form a valuable collection, comprising about one-
half of the plants contained in Gray’s Botany of the United
States.

On motion, it was voted that the Academy send to the
Buffalo Society a set of the photographs of skulls from the
Albany mounds, and a copy of the report on the same.

Mr. Lodwig Davies and Dr. W. D. Middleton were
elected regular members of the Academy.

Mr. Pratt exhibited, as a curiosity, a specimen of writ-
ing by a little girl, five years of age, a member of the pub-
lic schools. It is written in a reverse or negative form, so
as to read correctly by reflection in a looking-glass. It is
remarkably well written, with the right hand, but running
from right to left. She does this without instruction in
that way, taking it from the regular blackboard exercises
presented by the teacher, changing it by some process of
mental inversion, which would probably puzzle Mr. Darwin
himself to account for, and she seems able to see the copy
in no other way.

Dr. Farquharson made some remarks upon the post-
mortem examination of the Siamese Twins, describing the
anatomical structure of the bond by which they were con-
nected.

Marcu 271rn, 1874.—Reeutar Meerina.
Mr. A. U. Barler in the chair.
Six members present.

M:. Tiffany made the following remarks concerning

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. D9

An Ancient Copper Implement Donated by E. B. Baldwin.

This implement was found in excavating for the new gasometer in
the summer of 1872, four hundred feet north of the Mississippi at
low water, and eleven feet below the surface, lying in a small groove
or fissure in the Devonian rocks.

T have examined a section of nine and a half feet of strata on the
lot adjoining on the north, and find two feet of black soil, five feet of
brown clay mixed with sand, and two and a half feet of pebbles and
small boulders, with clay and sand, and did not reach the rock at that
depth. The pebbles and boulders are partly of primitive rock, some
of the larger ones are fragments of the Devonian limestone which un-
derlies the whole city.

The surface of the earth at that place is nineteen and a half feet.
above low water mark, and if the earth were stripped off, high water
in the Mississippi would cover the rock where tine implement was
found to the depth of eight feet.

The implement is of native copper, shaped by hammering. It is
four and three-fourths inches in length, diameter one-fourth of an inch,
but considerably reduced by oxidation; it is pointed at both ends,
tapering gradually from the middle each way.

The Secretary read some correspondence in reference to
the photographs of crania, and stated that a set had been
sent to Dr. Jeffries Wyman, curator of the Peabody Museum
of Ethnology, Cambridge, Mass.

Mr. Tiffany of committee on rooms, reported that the
committee had engaged the front room in Odd Fellows’
Block, at seventy-five dollars a year, commencing April Ist.
1874.

W. M. Potter was elected a regular member of the
Academy.

Aprit 71H, 1874.—ConvERsazioneE.
Held at Dr. Hazen’s office.

Aprit 147TH, 1874.—CoNnvVERSAZIONE.
Subject for discussion—Force.
Small attendance, but interesting discussion.

Aprit 21st, 1874.—CoNVERSAZIONE.
Subject for discussion—Animal Magnetism.
Good attendance, and lively discussion.

60

DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENOES.

Aprit 247rH, 1874.—Rerevrar Merrie.
Held in the new room in Odd Fellows’ Building.
Vice-President Hazen in the chair.
Seven members present.
The committee on books reported that the eek pur-

chased of Prof. Barris had been paid for, and were on the
table for inspection, but the business of collection, &¢., was
not quite completed, and a book case is needed for imme-
diate use.

The Corresponding Secretary read a letter from Mrs.

Mary P. Haines, concerning a package of fossils she had
sent.

Also a letter from Prof. F. A. P. Barnard, President of

Columbia College, in reply to a letter of inquiry concern-
ing the Metrological Society, of which Prof. B. is also Pres-
ident, with Constitution, &e. enclosed; also memorials to
Congress, which he wishes us to circulate for signatures,
and expressing the hope that the Academy will take an ac-
tive interest in the matter for which the Society is organ-
ized, viz: the introduction to general use of the decimal
system of weights and measures.

On motion, it was voted that the thanks of the Academy

be tendered to Dr. Farquharson, for his very valuable do-

nation of seven volumes of Proceedings of Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences, 1867-1873, and also to Mr.
J. D. Putnam, for books presented by him.

Aprin 28TH, 1874.—ConvERSAZIONE.

Held in the new room.

Dr. Hazen in the chair.

Forty persons present.

Subject for discussion—Animal Magnetism, continued.

May 5rn, 1874.—ConvVERSAZIONE.
Held at the Academy rooms.
Vice-President in the chair.
Forty.five persons present.
Subject for diseussion—The Senses. Lively discussion.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 61

May 12x, 1874.—ConvERSAZIONE.

At Academy rooms.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Eighteen persons present.

Subject for discussion—Instinet, its relation to brain
and mind, and its susceptibility of improvement.

Dr. Preston and Mr. R. W. Roberts were appointed a
committee on newspaper notices.

.

May 197n, 1874.—CoNnVERSAZIONE.

At the Academy rooms.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Twenty-tive persons present.

Subject for discussion—The Moral Conscience. An
animated and interesting discussion.

May 26rn, 1874.—ConvERSAZIONE.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.
Eighteen persons present.
Subject tor discussion—Compulsory Education.

May 297H, 1874.—Reeutar MeEetine.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Nine members present.

The committee on Metrology reported letters from
Prof. Sam’l. D. Tillman, Corresponding Secretary of the
Metrological Society, and from Prof. Hinrichs, of lowa
City, concerning cheap standard weights and measures for
introduction into schools.

The committee on revision of Constitution and By-
Laws, Dr. C. C. Parry and Mr. J. D. Putnam, both being
absent from the city, presented their report through Dr.
Hazen; comprising an entire revision of Constitution and
By-Laws, which was read and laid over for action at next
regular meeting.

Rev. SS. Hunting, Joseph A. Crawford and W. A.

62 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Lynch, were elected regular members of the Academy, and
Mrs. Mary P. Haines of Richmond, Indiana, was elected a
corresponding member.

June 9ru, 1874.—ApsourNED Mererina.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Ten members present.

Dr. Farquharson read a paper upon the Metric System
of Weights and Measures; its history and its advantages,
and advocating its gradual adoption, to take the place of
the old system in common use. A general discussion fol-
lowed.

On motion, it was voted that the thanks of the Society
are due to the Doctor for his able exposition of the subject.

JUNE 161TH, 1874.—COoNVERSAZIONE.
Vice-President Hazen in the chair.
Twenty-three persons present.
Subject for discussion—Heredity. Opened by Dr. C.
H. Preston. Had a lively discussion.

JUNE 23p, 1874.—CoNVERSAZIONE.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

A good attendance.

Subject for discussion—Oulture in relation to Heredity.

Conversazione adjourned for the summer vacation, to
meet again Sept. 8.

SEPTEMBER 81TH, 1874.—CoONVERSAZIONE.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.
Twenty-six persons present.
Subject for discussion—Language.

SEPTEMBER 15TH, 1874.—CoNVERSAZIONE.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.
Nineteen persons present.
Subject for diseussion-—Force.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 63

SEPTEMBER 22D, 1874.—ConvVERSAZIONE.
Dr. Preston in the chair.
Twenty-three persons in attendance.
Subject for discussion—The Imagination.

SEPTEMBER 297n, 1874.—ConvVERSAZIONE.

Dr. Hazen presided.
Twenty-four persons present.
Subject for discussion—Communism.

SEPTEMBER 257TH, 1874.—Reauiar MeEetine.

Mr. C. E. Putnam occupied the chair.

Eleven members present.

The revised Constitution and By-Laws presented at last
meeting were read, and with slight modification in the
minor details, were unanimously adopted, to take effect
from and after the annual meeting of January, 1875.

SEPTEMBER 29TH, 1874.—SprctaL Meerine.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

Eight members present.

It was stated that the special object of the meeting was
to consider the request of the Library Association, that the
Academy appoint a committee to confer with a committee
already appointed by that Association, regarding the occu-
pancy of the Library rooms, by the Academy.

On motion, a committee of three, Dr. E. H. Hazen, Mr.
Rt. W. Roberts and Dr. C. H. Preston, were appointed for
the above purpose, and instructed to report at the next reg-
ular meeting.

On motion, it was voted that the Davenport Woman
Suffrage Association be allowed the use of the Academy
room for meetings, once a week, by defraying the addi-
tional expense incurred thereby for fuel and lights.

OctosER 30TH, 1874.——RecuiaR MEETING.

President Parry in the chair.
Five members present.

64 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENOES.

Messrs. J. H. Berryhill, Franklin Kirk, Rinnah Buffum,
J.J. Nagel and J. R. Bowman, were elected regular mem-
bers of the Academy.

Novemser 271, 1874.—Reeutar Meerina.

President Parry in the chair.

Twelve members present.

Dr. Hazen, chairman of committee of conference on
rooms in Library Building, reported that the Library room
had been divided, and no steps had been taken toward ar-
ranging for joint occupancy.

On motion, the report was accepted and the committee
discharged.

Messrs. J. G. Haupt and M. Sands were elected regular
members of the Academy.

Mr. A. 8 Tiffany mentioned that he had spent several
days, lately, searching for meunds, above and below the city,
on both sides ot the river. He spoke particularly of one
which he called a

Pre-historic Cremation Furnace, .

Situated on the farm of Mr. J. Staffelbach, seven miles below the
city, and three-eighths of a mile from the river, which he had recently
explored, in company with 8S. P. Stevens, Esq.

The mound explored was upon the crest of a spur bearing a little
south of west from the main bluff, which here forms a prominent pro-
jecting point, known to river pilots as Eagle Point. The mound was
about twenty five feet in length, and two feet high, although from its
peculiar position upon the very narrow and sloping ridge, its dimen-
sions were difficult to determine.

The surface was of the usual black soil to the depth of from six to
twelve inches. Next was found a burnt indurated clay, resembling
in color and texture a medium burned brick, and about thirty inches
in depth. Immediately beneath this clay was a bed of charred human
remains six to eighteen inches thick. This rested upon the unchanged
and undisturbed loess of the bluffs, which formed the floor of the
pit. Imbedded in this floor of unburned clay were a few, very much
decomposed, but unburned human bones. No implements of any
kind were discovered.

The furnace appears to have been constructed by excavating the
pit and placing at the bottom of it the bodies or skeletons, which had

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 65

possibly been colleeted from scaffolds, and placing the fuel among
and above the bodies, with a covering of poles or split timbers extend-
ing over and resting upon the earth, with the clay covering above,
which latter we now find resting upon the charred remains. The ends
of the timber covering, where they were protected by the earth above
and below, were reduced to charcoal, parallel pieces of which were
found at right angles to the length of the mound. No charcoal was
found among or near the remains —the combustion there having been
complete. The porous and softer portions of the bones were reduced
to pulverized bone black. *

This paper gave rise to an animated discussion, several
members not concurring with Mr. Tiffany in his idea of a
furnace used for cremation. Some thought it more likely
to have been used for sacrificial purposes.

DercEMBER lira, 1874.—-ApsouRNED MeretIna.

Vice-President Hazen in the chair.

A communication was read from Dr. ©. ©. Parry, offer-
ing to give a lecture on Utah, for the benefit of the Acad-
emy, which offer was accepted.

The committee on lecture by Mr. Phillips, (Buckskin
Joe,) reported two lectures delivered by him before the
Academy, on the “ Habits”? of some Indian tribes.

December 257u, 1874.—-Ree@uitar Meetine.
President Parry in the chair.
Six members present. *
Mr. Henry Spink was elected a regular member.

*Upon further examinatioa of this mound, in the spring of 1875, with the assist-
ance of Mr. Stevens, Mr. Tiffany was enabled to determine more perfectly the con-
struction of the furnace, as previously described, aud as illustrated on Plate XXVI1.
The sections are drawn on a scale of one-eighth of an inch to a foot.

Fie. 2, is a vertical section through the length of the mound.

Externai covering of black surface soil not burned. 6 inches.
Burnt indurated clay,—a30 inches.

Charred human remains,—16 inches.

Undisturbed loess clay rising on all sides.

poe

Fie. 3, is a horizontal section, cutting Fig. 2. x to y.
a. Burnt clay filling the excayated pit above the charred remains.
b. b. b. Outline of this burnt clay.
c. Earth support around whicl the draft is supposed to have passed.
g. Parallel pieces of charcoal, as aboye mentioned.

There was no indication that the mound had been opened after the burning.

Ernoo. DN. SA. Vor. I- [10] Marcu, 1876.

66 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,

AnnuaL Meerine.

JANUARY 9TH, 1875.
President Parry in the chair.
Nine members present. .
The Treasurer, Mr. A. 8. Tiffany, presented the follow-
ing report on finances, for 1874, together with remarks on
the wants and work of the Society.

TREASURER’S REPORT.

Balance.on hang: Jan’ (steel ane. «cies sis ae + acer $ 58.95
Initiation fees; receivedss.>. s+ sss sot Dye cess ety ADIOO
Annual dues “OTT Db . RAs Reus Soest ok scot 83.00
Special Subseripti Ons: aoe se. -'- -) pp preemie eee 374.00
Miscellaneous receipts... smicic ve oi siete oeieteime sie 9.45
AL Gta arctan ttetocnns ccnide enol ar aoe $570.40

Current “expensess,.--. seiccctt seis ceisicc eter $100.00
Purchases: books* ete jag hac ascch aon ead. tose oon 457.20
Balancoconhands oe35 sc: site oti e.sebiewin- cues Beare eee 12.40
$570.40

Mr. C. E. Putnam read a revision of the ArrTicLEs oF
Incorporation adapted to the new Constitution, and of-
fered the following resolution, which was unanimously
adopted:

Resolved, That the amended Articles of Incorporation, of “ The
Academy of Natural Sciences,” prepared and submitted by Mr. Put-
nam, be approved, and that the officers and Trustees elect be authorized
and instructed to duly execute and acknowledge and have the same
filed for record as required by law.

The Society then proceeded to the election of officers
for 1875, with the following result:

President—Dr. FE. H. Hazen.
Vice-President—Gro. H. Frencn.
Recording-Secretary —Dr. C. H. Preston.
Corresponding-Secretary—W. H. Prarr.
Treasurer——A. S. Trrrany.
LTibrarian—Dr. R. J. Farqunarson.
Curator—Dr. C. C. Parry.

C. E. Purnam,
Trustees— 4 Joun Hume,

Wma. Rirpr.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 67

The retiring President then vaeated the chair to his sue-
cessor, and read the following

ANNUAL ADDRESS.

Gentlemen of the Academy :

In concluding my duties as your presiding officer, during the past
year, by a condensed statement of the present condition, and future
prospects of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, it is grati-
fying to state that, although many desirable results are still far from
being realized, yet some encouraging progress has been made in the
direction toward which our ultimate aims point.

It is during the past year, that an institution similar to ours, and
but a few years older, has been endowed by a living benefactor, James
Lick, of San Francisco, with ample means for prosecuting its scien-
tific work; and the California Academy of Science will ere long erect
its beacon light on the Pacific Coast, to the encouragement and emu-
lation of less favored scientific bodies in the older settled eastern dis-
tricts. Such Licks, (if you will pardon the pun,) our own Academy
holds itself in readiness to receive without flinching.

MEMBERSHIP.
The present qualified membership of the Academy now numbers
41. Fifteen resident members have been elected during the year.

FINANCES.

The receipts from all sources during the past year, as itemized in
the Treasurer’s report, amount to $506.45. Expenditures during the
same period, $544.10. Available funds on hand, $30.

LIBRARY AND MUSEUM.

The donations of books to the library, and specimens to the mu-
seum have been fully equal to those of the previous years, and are
likely to increase in value and amount, quite as fast as the Academy
will have the means of safe storage and suitable display. An oppor-
tunity for securing a very valuable series of scientific works, has been
improved by the purchase of the Barris Library. This has been ac-
complished by public subscription, amounting to $358, and is in-
cluded in the above item of general expenditures. The chief credit
of carrying out this enterprise is due to the persistent efforts of our
efficient Treasurer, Mr. A. S. Tiffany.

REGULAR MEETINGS.

The average attendance at the regular meetings of the Academy,
has been eight, being an increase of one over that of the previous year.
REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION.

During the past year, in accordance with a suggestion made at the
last annual meeting, a revision of the Constitution and By-Laws has
been adopted, to go into effect with the election of officers for the en-

68 DAVENPORT AGADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

suing year. Some legal defects in the original articles of incorpora-
tion will also come up for definite action at the present meeting.
SCIENTIFIC WORK.

Ethnological investigations in reference to the pre-historic mound
builders of this valley have been continued, with results largely ex-
ceeding all previous expectation. Itis to be hoped that this Academy,
which may be justly regarded as the pioneer in this enterprise, at
least in this section of country, may be the depository of all such col-
lections illustrating the life and character of our unknown predeces-
sors, so that eventually these dumb monumients, by persistent ques-
tioning of the spade and mattock, may speak to us.

Some botanical observations made in Southern Utah, during the
past season, by members of the Academy, are now in course of pub-
lication in the American Naturalist, the results indicating the discov-
ery of twelve new species of plants, and the re-collection of several
others heretofore imperfectly known from single fragmentary speci-
mens.

RECORDING SECRETARY.

Owing to continued ill health, the Recording Secretary, Mr. J. D.
Putnam, has been absent during the greater part of the year, but his
interest in our scientific work and progress has been manifested by
frequent correspondence, and several donations.

ACADEMY ROOMS.

For the first time in the history of the Academy, a suitable room
for regular meetings, and display of collections, has been secured.
Several desirable additionsin the matter of furnishing are still needed
to render the apartments attractive to visitors, and convenient for ex-
amining collections and consulting works of reference. It is desirable
that the musenm should be made accessible to the public at certain
stated times, and that no needless obstruction be placed in the way of
any one desiring such information or instruction as our collection and
library can offer.

CONVERSAZIONES.

A series of Conversaziones, on popular scientific subjects, has been
kept up through the year, under the auspices of the Academy, elicit-
ing a commendable degree of public interest.

FINANCIAL ESTIMATES.

The Treasurer estimates that an amount of not less than $400 will
be needed for carrying on efficiently the work of the Academy for the
present year. This sum is considerably in excess of our ordinary
sources of revenue, and will require special efforts on our part to
meet.

PERMANENT ENDOWMENT.

The very essential matter of permanent endowment is still unpro-

vided for. We have, as yet, no life members, no Peabody, no Lick

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 69

endowment. Whether a Micawber-like patience will avail much in
that direction, is questionable.. An age and country claiming to be
progressive, which still largely excludes from the curriculum of lib@ral
studies the common branches of Natural Science; which takes pride
in erecting and furnishing, at the public expense, magnificent high
schools without any provision fora museum of natural history, with-
out a geological case or chart, without a chemical laboratory, appar-
ently content in wide, roomy apartments, with aiming to reach the
minds of pupils through the medium of dull abstractions, while stag~
gering under the fearful load of that horrible modern invention, teat-
books, can hardly yet be expected to patronize an Academy of Science
on the plan of the Alexandrian School. But nevertheless ‘the world
moves,’ and dead conservatism must ere long give place to living pro-
gress. Those who can least afford to wait are not the poorly rewarded
cultivators of science, but the present idle recipients of their bounty.
RESIGNATION.

For an indefinite period, gentlemen, I have, by your courtesy, occu-
pied the position of your presiding officer. As long as its duties were
in great Measure nominal, and while it seemed desirable that some
name associated with scientific pursuits, should head your official list,
I could not well decline what I shall always regard as a distinguish-
ing honor. But the time has now fully come when a position like this
requires active, efficient executive work, and the honor that follows
successful achievement; I therefore respectfully ask the privilege of
proving my good will, by being allowed to fall back into the ranks of
private members, for which my tastes and inclinations best qualify
me. The science to which I am particulariy devoted — Botany —
though occasionally putting to the test the climbing ability of its
devotees, is much more largely promoted by stooping, in which posi-
tion I beg leave to make my retiring bow.

Mr. Wm. Davidson, of Boulder Co., Colorado, being
present, made some instructive remarks on the subject of
Lignite, of which there are extensive deposits in the local-
ity mentioned. |

JANUARY 297TH, 1875.—Reeuiar Meera.

President Hazen in the chair.

Eight members present.

Messrs. Chas. C. Leslie, 8S. F. Gilman and F. W. Kelley,
were elected regular members of the Academy.

On motion, the President was appointed to confer with
a committee from the Clionian Society, on securing Mr.
Mills, of Chicago to lecture before the two Societies.

TO DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

The following resolution preeeen by Dr. Parry, was
adopted:

Resolved, That hereafter, until further notice, the rooms of the
Academy shall be open to the public every Saturday afternoon, from
two to five o’clock, and that some member to be designated by the
President, for each day, who shall be present to keep the room prop-
erly heated and make necessary explanations to visitors in attendance.

On motion, the Curator was instructed to have Mr.
Kuhnen’s donation of the head of a Mountain Sheep prop-
erly prepared and mounted.

Dr. C. H. Preston presented a paper on the subject of

STORMS,

With charts illustrative of their laws of propagation; also the follow-
ing table of temperature, barometric pressure, direction of winds, etc.,
at eight principal U. 8. Signal Service Stations, during the passage
from the Rocky mountains to the Atlantic coast, of the recent remark-
able COLD WAVE, of January 7th to Jan. 11th, 1875.

The table is, for the sake of definite comparison, compiled from
the three daily Signal Service observations made at 7:35 A. M., 4:35,
and 11 o’clock P. M., Washington time, or 6:41 A. M., 3:41 and 10:06
P. M., Davenport time. Although at some points the absolute mini-
mum temperature was reached between the hours mentioned. For
points to the east of Davenport, only the 11 o’clock P. M. observa-
tions, as given in the daily weather maps of the War Department,
were obtainable.

. | Var a’n a)
Time of re | in past
S | g|] brs oes Veering of Wind
STATIONS. Minimum 5 5 3
Or Leta Wess ales SE during Storm.
« re As] eal _
Temperature. = S a leila
Virg’a Be Jan. 7, 10.06 pe. m.|29.60|-22|+0.34|-38) E. |N.E. to E. to 8.E.
Denver.. 8, 3.41 Pp. M.|30.18/-14/+0.52|-58)N. E.|S.w. to W. to N.E.
Omaha.. “ 8, 10.06 Pp. m./30.86|-15!40.89|-84)/N. Wis. to N.W.
Davenport “ 9, 6.41 a. m./30.75/—20|+0.64/-35| w. |B. to s.B. to Ww.
Chicago...| “ 9, 341 P. m.|30.55|-15)|+0.34|-30)s. w|s.w. to w. to s.w.
Pittsburg. .| “ 9, 10.06 P. m |30.63/-12|+0.65|-34|s. w |N.w. to E. to s.w.
Boston....| ‘“ 10, 10.06 Pp. m./30.39|+ 5)/+0.36/— 3] w. |N.E. to N.w. to w.
Halifax ...| “ 11, 10.06 Pp. m./30 08|/+ 5 +0.16'— 2] w. |E. to N.w. to w.

The actual storm, or area of low barometer, preceding the cold
wave, as tabulated above, passed from the Mississippi eastward, ac-
companied by wide-spread precipitation of snow and rain, on Janu-

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 71

ary 8th and 9th. It advanced steadily at the rate of about forty miles
an hour, and was followed by a rapid rise in barometric pressure, and
a correspondingly rapid fall in temperature. That the storm-center
passed to the north of the first six stations, and to the south of New
England, is shown by the change in the veering of the wind.

The writer alluded to the recently advanced theory, that cold
weather following our winter storms is caused, not by cold air trans-
lated from a distance, but by the descent of upper strata in the imme-
diate wake of the storm.

Frsruary 2p, 1875.—Sprcia, Mererine.

President Hazen in the chair.

Six members present.

The object of the meeting was to frame resolutions of
respect to the memory of our late associate member, R. W.
Roberts. Messrs. Hazen, Tiffany and Preston, were ap-
pointed a committee for that purpose, and after consulta-
tion, reported the following, which were unanimously
adopted:

WueErEAs, We are called upon most unexpectedly to mourn the
loss of our highlv esteemed associate, R. W. Roberts;

Resolved, That in his death the Academy has lost a most faithful
and efficient member, and the community an honest, genial and
worthy citizen, and that the friends of the deceased have our heartfelt
sympathy in their deep affliction.

Resolved, That his friend, W. H. Holmes, be requested to write the
biography of the deceased for the archives of the Academy.

Resolved, That a.copy of these resolutions be transmitted to the
immediate relatives.

Frsruary 267TH, 1875.—Reevurar MEetine.

President Hazen in the chair.

Nine members present.

Messrs. Jonathan Parker, E. 8. Ballord and James B.
Mason, were elected regular members.

Dr. Farquharson called the attention of the Academy
to a paper read by him before this body, in 1869, advane-
ing the theory that part of the motion of translation of a
rifle ball is converted into heat by arrest in the animal
body; and proceeded to give an account of recent experi-

12 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

ments made in Germany corroborative of this view. [See
Appendix. |

The amendment to Article 6th, of the By-Laws, pro-
posed at last meeting, making the number of Trustees ne-
cessary for a quorum sz, instead of five, was adopted.

The following resolution was offered by Mr. Tiffany, in
memory of the late Str Cuartes Lygii, and unanimously
adopted.

WHEREAS, Sir Charles Lyell, departed this life on the 22d inst. :

Resolwed, That we recognize his eminent services to science, in ob-
serving and arranging the facts and phenomena presented in the study
of the earth’s crust, and in giving to the world, what no previous
writer had done, a clear and comprehensive system in the study of
Geology.

Marcu 26rn, 1875.—Reau.ar Meerrine.

President Hazen in the ehair.

Eleven members present.

Dr. C. C. Parry read a communication from the Smith-
sonian Institution, relative to a collection of specimens of
the small animals of the United States, requesting the So-
ciety to forward gopher skins, etc., also asking the loan of
pipes and copper implements, found in pre-historie grave
mounds, near this city, for the purpose of having casts and
photographs taken from the same. The matter was re-
ferred to the Corresponding Secretary.

On motion, Dr. Farquharson was authorized to have
photographs of copper axes taken, additional to those al-
ready procured; also casts of stone pipes, and forward sets
of each to the Smithsonian Institution.

Dr. Hazen announced a donation of cash, $70.50; sub-
scriptions, $20.50, from Mrs. C. E. Putnam and other
ladies, collected for the purpose of furnishing the Academy
rooms with new cases, carpet, etc. The donation was ac-
cepted, with the thanks of the Association, and the ladies
making it were invited to assist in its expenditure for the
purpose designated.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 73

A donation of the “ Contributions to the Natural History
of the United States,’ by Prof. Agassiz, in three volumes,
was received from Mr. Rolfe Millar, and the thanks of the
Society were returned for the same; also for the State Sur-
vey and Geological report of Missouri, with two atlases of
Iron Regions; from Mr. Broadhead, State Geologist.

Mr. Tiffany reported informally on mounds discoyered
on the farm of Mr. Sears, near Milan, and was appointed to
negotiate for the privilege of exploring them.

The Academy then proceeded to the special order of the
meeting, being the reading of a memoir of the late R. W.
Roberts, member of the Academy, by Mr. W. H. Holmes.
The paper was listened to with much interest, and referred
to the committee on publication.* A vote of thanks was
extended to Mr. Holmes.

Messrs. Allibone Morton and J. B. Phelps were elected
regular members.

Apriz 97x, 1875.—ApsourNED MeetTina.

President Hazen in the chair.

Eight members present.

A long list of donations was reported.

The special order of the evening was a paper by Dr. R.
J. Farquharson, on ‘ Copper relics and specimens of cloth
supposed to have come down to us from a pre-historic, peo-
ple, called the Mound-Builders.” [See Appendix.] Some
discussion followed as to the probable age of the mounds.

Prof. Pratt reported another mound opened, with the
assistance of Capt. Hall, on his land, from which the fol-
lowing articles were obtained for the Academy: A copper
axe covered with cloth, a stone pipe, four arrow heads of
flint, and one of a stone supposed to be obsidian, with sev-
eral fragments of the same, a bone implement, a lump of
yellow ochre, with flakes of mica adhering, a quantity of

*This memoir was published in full in the Davenport Daily and Weekly Gazette.
at the time.

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vor. [. 11] APRIL, 1876

Tha DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

pottery in fragments, and parts of two skeletons, one skull
being pretty well preserved.

On motion, the committee on photographs of axes, ete.,
were authorized to sell sets of the same for the benefit of
the Academy.

Aprit 30Tx, 1875.—Reeviar Mererrine.

President Hazen in the chair.

Ten members present.

The committee on museum reported progress in ex-
penditure of the Ladies Furnishing Fund, window blinds
and two additional cases having been procured, and the
floor covered with matting.

Dr. Farquharson, chairman of committee on photo-
graphing, ete., reported photographing and printing done,
and a labelled set sent to the “ Naturalist,’’ besides six
sets sold. The committee were authorized to send sets to
as many scientific societies as they might see fit.

The Corresponding Secretary read a communication
from the Smithsonian Institution, requesting a collection
of local fresh water shells for exhibition at the Philadel-
phia Centennial, and stated his intention of making and
forwarding such a collection on behalf of the Academy.

Messrs. J. C. Bills, C. H. Clemmer, C. J. Powers, and
Rolfe Millar, were elected regular members of the Acad-
emy.

May 28r7x, 1875.—Rereutar Mererine.

President Hazen in the chair.

Thirteen members present.

Dr. Farquharson of the committee on photographs, re-
ported that a set had been sent to the Peabody Museum.
He recommended the purchase of a number of books of
reference, and was authorized to procure them.

Messrs. F. A. Balch, F. W. Hancock, Clarence Lindley,
J. B. Fisher, Capt. W. P. Hall and Rev. J. Gass, were

elected regular members of the Academy.

=

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 15

Messrs. W. F. Ross, W. H. Pratt and J. J. Nagel were
appointed a committee to ascertain on what terms addition-
al rooms could be rented from the Odd Fellows’ Associa-
tion.

Messrs. [les, Tiffany and Mrs. C. E. Putnam, were ap-
pointed a committee to confer with Col. Flagler, to obtain
the privilege of exploring mounds on the Island.

JUNE 1itu, 1875.—Speciat Meera.

President Hazen in the chair.

Mr. W. H. Pratt read a paper upon

Force and Motion,

Controverting the theory now accepted and taught by physicists gen-
erally, viz: that the force of a body in motion, is in proportion to the
square of the velocity, and that the force which imparts motion to a
body, is in proportion to the square of the acceleration.

With the aid of diagrams and actual experiment, this law of the
square was shown to be inconsistent with the accepted laws of motion
of falling bodies; of centrifugal force; of pressure of the wind; of re-
sistance to motion in a fluid medium; of pressure of gases; of propul-
sion of projectiles; of velocities of fluids discharged under pressure ;
with the law upon which the densities of the planets are computed;
with Sir Isaac Newton’s universally accepted proof of the law of grav-
itation by computations upon the moon’s motion; and with the facts
in the case of impact of unequal bodies.

It was shown that each one of these is a clear and distinct proof of
the simple relation—force proportional to velocity.

It was also shown that ozs v7va, or striking force is measurable in
terms of weight and time, or of pressure and time, and that the foot
pound is not a true measure of force or of work, but is altogether in-
definite.

JUNE 257nH, 1875.—Reeutar Meetrine.

President Hazen in the chair.

Nine members present.

The Librarian reported a number of books received
during the last month.

A communication was read trom Dr. C. C. Parry, re-
signing the Curatorship of the Museum, on account of ne-
cessary prolonged absence.

76 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENOES.

On motion, the resignation was accepted and Prof. W.
H. Pratt was appointed Curator, pro tem. Also a commu-
nication from the Smithsonian Institution requesting data
of interest in regard to, and a microscopic section of the relic
from Albany mounds in shape of bear’s tooth. It was
voted to comply with the request, and the President was
authorized to prepare the section.

Mesdames Dr. C. C. Parry, J.T. Lane, D.S. Sheldon, Dr.
EK. H. Hazen, John Hume, W. C. Wadsworth, S. S. Hunt-
ing, 8. B. R. Millar, M. B. Cochrane, C. E. Putnam, Miss
Lucy Pratt, Messrs. J. P. Dosh, ‘Geo. H. Spink; S. E.
Brown, and L. B. Brown, were elected regular members.

JuLy 97H, 1875.—SprcraL Meerine.

Vice-President French in the chair.

Nine members present.

The special order of the evening was the discussion of
the subject of “ Mines,’’ more especially the silver mines
of Southern Utah. Mr. Geo. H. French was called upon,
and gave a very interesting description of his recent trip
to, and inspection of the “Star”? mining district, in that
territory. His remarks elicited a short informal discus-
sion.

Jury 30TH, 1875.—Rereutar Meetine.

Mr. A. 8. Tiffany in the chair.

Seven members present.

A valuable donation was reported from Col. J. H. Ber-
ryhill, of this city, consisting of the American Encyeclope-
dia, 13 vols., and several other books.

Messrs. J. A. Le Claire, Henry Dalzell, F. H. Griggs,
and Geo. W. French; Miss Harriet Rogers, Miss Lydia O.
Barrette, Mrs. Geo. H. French, Mrs. W. M. Potter, Mrs.
G. H. Ballou, Mrs. Wm. Allen, Mrs. Jos. A. Crawford,
Mrs. Wm. Renwick, of Davenport, and Mrs. Ira Gittord, of
Chicago, were elected regular members.

It was voted that the Academy-bear the expenses of Dr.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. T7

R. J. Farquharson’ to the meeting of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science; at Detroit, Aug.
11th, 1875, for the purpose of presenting before that Soci-
ety his paper on Pre-historic Copper Implements, ete., and
that he be authorized to take with him the necessary spe-
cimens for illustration.

Aveust 27TH, 1875.—Reevitar Meeting.

President Hazen in the chair.

Ten members present.

A long list of donations was reported.

The Treasurer, Mr. A. 8S. Tiffany presented a statement
ot the finances of 1875, and tendered his resignation as
Treasurer. Mr. Tiffany was’ requested to retain tie Treas-
urership for another month,

Mr. Henry Runge, Mrs. John L. Davies, and Mrs. H.
B. Huntington, were elected regular members of the Acad-
emy.

It was voted to keep the Academy rooms open during
the Fair week, from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. ‘Messrs. Hazen
and Pratt were appointed a committee to 'see that the rooms
be kept open, with proper attendance. Several members
volunteered to be present on different days

Dr. Farquharson gave a brief account of the meeting of
the American Scientific Association, at Detroit, and of: the
favorable reception of his paper on es historic Copper
Implements, &e.

SEPTEMBER + TH, 1875.—Sprcrat Meerine.

Vice-President French in the chair.

The object of the meeting was the description by Prof.
W. H. Pratt, of the mounds opened by himself, his son,
and Mr. C. E. Harrison, in the vieinity of New Boston, re-
sulting in the discovery of several copper axes, ete., [See
Appendix,] and to arrange for a second expedition to the
same locality. A committee was appointed to organize
such an expedition.

8 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

The following resolutions prepared by Prof. Pratt, rela-
tive to the Toolesboro Explorations, were unanimously
adopted:

Resolved, That the especial thanks of the Academy be, and are here-
by presented to the Hon. Wm. Toole and Mr. Freeman Shaw, for their
kind permission to open the mounds, and for affording, as they did,
every facility for accomplishing the work; also to Messrs. Freeman
Shaw, Geo. Shaw, Eli Reynolds, Hiram N. Matthews, Wm. B. Hooke,
A. Kimball, and H. Cooper, for assistance with teams; and to Messrs.
Chas. Melrose, Wm. Shaw, Daniel Hindman, Elisha D. Gilmore, M. L.
Denison, C. L. Mosier, Sanford Smith, A. Sillick, G. W. Hooke, Freddie
Willard, Charlie Willard, Mrs. Ada L. Hindman, Mrs. R. Guest, Mrs.
Sarah Lowrey, Messrs. W. R. Colip, Charles Graves, Wm. Hobbs, and
Jimmie Gellie, all of Toolesboro, Iowa, and to Dr. Thos. Willits, of
New Boston, Ill., for valuable services rendered, and articles donated ;
also to Mr. Chas. E. Harrison, for his zealous co-operation, and very
efficient aid in performing the work, and securing the results of the
expedition.

Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to cause these resolu-
tions to be published, and to send copies of the same to the above
named individuals.

Rey. Dr. Anderson, a former member of the Academy,
now residing in Ohio, was present, and made a few appro-
priate remarks.

At a meeting of the Trustees held Sept. 18, it was de-
cided to rent an additional room adjoining the one now oc-
eupied, in Odd Fellows’ Block.

SepremMBer 247TH, 1875.—Rea@utar Mererine.

President Hazen in the chair.

Fourteen members present.

The committee on Finance reported the accounts of ex-
Treasurer Tiffany audited and found correct, showing a
balance of $32.55 in the treasury. The report was adopted
and the committee discharged.

On motion, the resignation of Mr. Tiffany as Treasurer
was accepted, and the Academy then proceeded to the elee-
tion of a Treasurer. Mr. John Hume was unanimously
elected to that office.

The resignation of Prot. W. H. Pratt, as Corresponding

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. TY

Secretary, was presented and accepted, and Mr. W. F. Ross
was elected Corresponding Secretary, pro tem.

Prof. W. H. Pratt was elected Curator, he having dis-
charged the duties of that office since the resignation of
Dr. Parry.

The officers of the Academy were requested to co-ope-
rate in the effort being made to obtain a selection of Models
from the Patent Office.

Messrs. Putnam and Preston were appointed a commit-
tee to consider the propriety of proposing some amend-
ments to the Constitution and By-Laws.

—~

Octroser 15TH, 1875

Rey. S. S. Hunting in the chair.

Several members and visitors present.

Dr. C. H. Preston read a paper on “ Electricity,’ which
was followed by some experiments, and an interesting dis-

SpecrAL Mretinea.

cussion. _

A request from the Clionian Society, to be permitted to
hold their meetings in the Academy rooms, was received
and granted.

OctToBER 297TH, 1875.—Reeutar MEeEtTINa.

President Hazen in the chair.

Six members present.

Mr. Pratt reported the donation of a collection consist-
ing of two copper axes, five copper awls, two stone pipes,
and several horns, arrow-heads, etc., obtained from mounds
near Toolesboro, by Messrs. Parsons, Shaw, Melrose, Hobbs,
Sowash, Patterson and Shafer, of that place.

Communications were read from several societies, and
individuals, requesting copies of the printed proceedings of
this Academy. Also a communication from Mr. L. R.
Witherell, proposing to deliver a lecture before the Acade-
my, upon the subject of “ Evolution,’ which was referred
to committee on lectures.

Mr. Hume, on behalf of the * Ladies’ Furnishing Com-

80 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

mittee,” reported six cases for specimens, and one for books,
had been procured at a total expense of $107.55.

Messrs. John Rowe and Chas. E. Harrison, Mrs. D. L.
Newcomb, Mrs. Alfred Sanders, Mrs. Robert Sickels, Mrs.
H. M. Martin, Mrs. Dr. Fred. Baker, Miss P. W. Sudlow,
Miss ‘Mary Middleton, Miss Elizabeth D. Putnam, and
Miss Mary Ratt, were elected regular members.

NovemBer 5ru, 1875.—Srrciar Meerrne.
President Hazen in the chair.
A good attendance.

Mr. H. C. Fulton read a paper on “ Wave Action,”’ be-
ing a very interesting and instructive exposition of the
Undulatory Theory of Heat, Light, ete.

The address was listened to with marked interest.

Novemper 197u, 1875.—Sreciat Mrgrrye.

President Hazen in the chair.
A large number present.

Mr. L. R. Witherell delivered a lecture on “ Evolution,”
which he illustrated with maps and charts. His statements
elicited considerable discussion, and further consideration
of the subject was set for the next meeting. The thanks
of the Academy were tendered the Lecturer.

Novemeer 26tn, 1875.—Reeutar Meeting.

Vice-President French in the chair.

A communication was read from Capt. Stuyvesant, of-
fering to address the Academy sometime after Dee. Ist.
Also a letter from Senator Wright, stating that a collection
of about 200 models from the Patent Office had been pre-
pared for shipment to the Academy.

The Librarian was authorized to have the Proceedings
of the Philadelphia Academy ana other pamphlets bound
as soon as practicable.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 81

The following resolutions, presented by J. D. Putnam,
were adopted:

WHEREAS, The objects of the Academy are the increase and diffus-

ion of a knowledge of the Natural Sciences by the establishment of a

Museum the reading and publication of original papers, and all other
suitable means; and,

WHEREAS, Many original investigations have already been made
by our members, some of them being of general, as well as scientific
interest; and,

WueErEAs, The publication of our proceedings would be advan-
tageous to the Academy, in many particulars, e. g.

ist. It will preserve much material that might otherwise be lost.

2d. It. will furnish a greater incentive to our members to make
original investigations.

3d. It will increase the Library by means of exchange with other
societies and publishers; and,

4th. It will place us on a creditable footing with the other Socie-
ties of the world. Therefore be it

Resolved, That the Academy begin the publication of its proceed-
ings with the least possible delay; and

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed, of which Messrs.
Pratt and Putnam, (ex-secretaries) and Dr. Preston, (present Secreta-
ry,) shall be members, to decide as to the best form of publication, as
to title, etc., and to prepare the records and make selections of reports,

scientific papers, etc., and determine on the publication or non-publi-
cation of each.

In accordance with the above resolutions, Messrs. W. H.
Pratt, J. D. Putnam, C. H. Preston, R. J. Farquharson,
and Geo. H. French, were appointed a committee on publi-
cation of proceedings.

Mrs. W. J. Skinner, Mrs. M. A. MeGonegal, Mrs. M. L.
Stuyvesant, Messrs. W. J. Skinner, Manily T. Brown, Levi
Humphrey, John C. Putnam, G. W. Fitch, Thos. Thomp-
son, Jas. Thompson, H. St. Clair Putnam, J. E. Freeman,
R. H. Wells, and Capt. M. L. Stuyvesant, were elected reg-
ular members. ~

It was voted to announce that the Academy rooms
would, until further notice, be kept open from 10 A. M. to
12 M., each day of the week.

On the evening of Nov. 29th, Rev. W. E. Copeland, of
Lincoln, Neb., delivered a very interesting lecture on the

Proc. D. A. N. 8S. Vou. I. [12] APRIL, 1876.

82 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Mound-builders, in the Unitarian Church, under the aus-
pices of the Academy.

DecemsBer 107TH, 1875.—SprcraLn Meera.

President Hazen in the chair.

By request, Capt. M. L. Stuyvesant gave a very inter-
esting account of “The Great Earthquake Wave of August
13th, 1868.”’ .

The speaker prefaced his remarks by a very graphic
description of the various drills, ete., constituting the daily
life on board a man-of-war, describing the patriotic festivi-
ties on our Be birthday, as the ship, the U. S. steamer
“ Wateree, ”’ lay for repairs in the quiet roadstead of Arica,
the seaport of Tacua, in Peru. The memorable 13th of
August, breezy and bright, giving no admonition to the
placid harbor, with its shipping and low-built adobe town,
was well pictured, as was also the sudden series of rattling
shocks, which at about 5 o’clock p. m., shattered the frail
village to dust and ruins, and sent the waters of the harbor

seaward. Then came anxious hours of preparation and sus-.

pense, till at dark, the returning wave presenting a terrible
front over forty feet high, came rolling in, but fortunately
broke before striking any of the vessels; overturning them
however, save the “ Wateree,’’ which during the following
night of commotion, was carried. ashore and left high and
dry, by the receding waves. The scene of desolation which
the morning revealed, the wrecked shipping and town, was
vividly portrayed.

DercemBer 177TH, 1875.—SprctaL Meerine.

President Hazen in the chair.

A full attendance.

Capt. W. P. Hall delivered an address on the Origin
and History of the Mound-builders, advancing the theory
that they were descendants of the tribes of Israel, and came
to this country many centuries ago.

A proposition from the Ladies Centennial Association

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 83

to print the Proceedings of the Academy, was referred by
the President to the Board of Trustees.

At a meeting of the Trustees, held Dec. 20th, the fol-
lowing resolution was adopted:

WHEREAS, The Academy has received a proposition from the
LADIES CENTENNIAL ASSOCIATION to publish the Proceedings of the
Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences to Jan. 1st, 1876.

Resowed, That the Board, in behalf of the Academy, accept the
proposition, and tender our hearty thanks for this generous aid in fur-
thering the interests of the Academy.

Resolved, That the committee appointed by the Academy, to whom
was intrusted the preparation of the records and selection of reports,
scientific papers, &c., be requested to furnish to this Board the matter
designed for publication, with as little delay as possible.

Decemser 31st, 1875.—Receutar Meerina.

President Hazen in the chair.

Six members present.

The committee on amendments of the Constitution re-
ported some alterations, the consideration of which was laid
over until the next meeting.

Numerous donations were reported.

Mrs. J. C. Bills, Mrs. J. B. Phelps and Mr. H. C. Ful-

ton, were elected regular members.

JANUARY 5rTH, 1876.—ANNuUAL MEETING.
President Hazen in the chair.
Twenty-three members present.
The Treasurer, Mr. John Hume, made his report on the
Finances of the Academy, showing:

Balance on hand at last annual meeting..... ........ $ 12.40
Receipts during the year, from initiations, dues, sub-

SEEUPULOHS TOME MA Aas > ole Sava, oS Bade Bars Se ae ce babe Sable 521.77 $534.17
Expenditures for rent, fuel, books, furnishing, &c... 491.87
Balance on hand in Ladies’ Furnishing Fund....... 42.30 $534.17

The report was approved.

Dr. Farquharson, Librarian, reported that 118 volumes
had been added to the Library during the year, all but four
by donation. The Library now contains 362 volumes, be-
sides a considerable number of pamphlets.

84 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Mr. W. H. Pratt, Curator, then presented the following
report on the

Condition of the Museum.
Gentlemen and Ladies of the Academy:

On account of the very rapid accumulation of specimens of almost
every variety, and the many necessary changes of rooms and cases,
together with the want of specimen trays or boxes, and labels; and
having been but a few months in charge of the museum, and with but
a very limited amount of time to devote to the work, I am unprepared
to report as well ordered and classified arrangement of the whole col-
lection, as I had hoped to do. I can present, however, the following
approximate statement of the collection now in the rooms, a small
portion of it—which I cannot now designate in detail—being on de-
posit here, with the probability that it will become the property of the
Academy, as all the rest now is,

MOUND RELICS.

Copper Axes, 20 specimens.
ey AwIs 11 «
“ Beads, about 200 “ of 4 varieties.
Carved Stone Pipes—animal forms, 6.
« rf plain, 8.
Horn and Bone Implements, 20.
Marine Shells, 4,

Shell and Pearl Beads, several forms.
Several specimens of galena, mica, arrow-heads, decayed
wood, &c.
Skulls of Mound-builder:, 21.
And a considerable quantity of bones.
ANCIENT IMPLEMENTS.
Stone, about 300. Flint, about 700.
MODERN INDIAN IMPLEMENTS, ETC.
1 Bow; 10 Arrows; 1 Tomahawk. 6 Pipes of pipe-stone.

GEOLOGICAL.
Fossil shells, about 175 species.
Co (Goralesttey yes som «
“~ Crinoids, ss 50.“

“ Coal Plants, “ GOL
Minerals, Ores, and Crystals, 2 Cases.
Primitive rocks, including a typical collection of 50 spe-
cimens, labeled, one case.
Geodes, about 50 specimens.
NATURAL HISTORY.
Plants pressed and labeled, 2,100 species.
Marine shells, 200 =*
“Corals, sea-weeds and sponges, 25

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 85

Crabs, 6 species.
Turtles, 6
Fresh-water and land shells, local, 100 me

a # ¢ “ other localities 50 s
Birds mounted, 87 specimens.
Mammals ‘“ 16 «

Skulls of Mammals, 19 species.
SPECIMENS IN ALCOHOL.

Snakes, 28 bottles.
Lizards, Frogs, &c., 1
Other specimens, Bera

A few specimens of birds’ nests and eggs.

Several specimens of Chinese and Sandwich Islands work, and a
considerable number of historical relics of much interest, have also
been contributed.

The articles are all placed in about 80 feet in width of wall cases,
one glass show case, with large glass case beneath, three botanical
cases and a few small bird cases.

The plants are perfectly arranged, classified, and labeled by Dr.
Parry and Mr. J. G. Haupt.

Of the rest of the collection, about two-thirds are tolerably ar-
ranged, and a great deal of work remains to be done to bring it into
proper order, requiring also several more cases, and some specimen
trays or boxes, and suitable labels.

Respectfully submitted,
W. H. PRATT, Curator.

The report was accepted.

The election of officers for the ensuing year, resulted as
follows:

President—Pror. W. H. Barris.

Vice-President—Guo. H.. Frenon.

Recording-Secretary—Dnr. ©. H. Preston.

Corresponding-Secretary— Mrs. M. A. McGonneat.

Treasurer—J oun Hume.

Librarian—Dr. R. J. Fareunarson.

Curator—W. H. Pratt.

Trustees—Wn. Rizrr, D. S. Sueipon, C. E. Putnam.

The retiring President, Dr. E. H. Hazen, then deliv-
ered his

ANNUAL ADDRESS.
Ladies and Gentlemen of the Davenport Academy of Natural Science s:
One of the conditions which the constitution of this society im-
poses upon him who receives the honor of being its presiding officer

a]

86 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

is, that “he shall, at the annual meeting, make a report on the condi-
tion and progress of the Academy in all its departments.”

In thus fulfilling my duty, I take great pleasure in showing our
prosperity for the year. We have had thirteen regular meetings and
seven special or adjourned meetings, besides aseries of conversaziones—
the latter meeting every week last winter. These meetings have been
well attended. Many volumes have been added to the library, making
now a total of 362 bound volumes, besides a large number of unbound
ones, the estimated value of all being between eight and nine hundred
dollars.

There are now seventeen double cases and seven smaller ones, well
supplied with specimens and books. The rooms have been made at-
tractive with carpeted floors, tables, chairs, curtains, etc. For these
fixtures and this furniture we are indebted to the lady members,
through the personal efforts of Mrs. C. E. Putnam, who has been inde-
fatigable in her interest during the year. The funds accruing from
this membership up to the present time, have been set aside to the
furnishing fund, and have been judiciously expended in making the
rooms attractive to visitors and comfortable for the meetings of the
society.

The value of our possessions as a society does not wholly consist
in what has been purchased with money. The donations of minerals,
shells, birds, botanical and archelogical specimens have been very
profuse, and attest the interest of members and friends. The arrang-
ing and labeling of these donations has involved great labor. The
work of the Curator, Mr. W. H. Pratt, has thus been made arduous;
but close inspection of the cases will show the duties well performed-
This locality is rich in opportunities for investigation in the young
science of archeology, and fortunately we have members with enough
zeal and patience to closely inspect the ancient mounds all around us.
Messrs. Tiffany, Pratt and Hall, have added much wealth in this
branch, and Dr. Farquharson has given us the literature of the sub-
fect.

Subscription papers have been numerous among us for special ob-
jects, and members have subscribed liberal sums, which will not ap-
pear in the report of the Treasurer, such as Mound fund, a fund for
the purchase of minerals, etc. The interest engendered among the
lady members has resulted in an organization known as the Woman’s
Centennial Association (which may be considered as a branch of the
Academy) the purpose of which is to prepare work for the Exposition
in Philadelphia, the funds accruing from the sale of articles exhibited *
to revert to the Academy. Their enthusiasm was well demonstrated
in the tea party at one of our large halls, the net proceeds of which
amounted to $176.00. In addition to all this, the Woman’s Associa-
tion has shown its continued good will in voting to undertake the en-
terprise of publishing the Academy’s proceedings, with fit illustra-

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 87

tions, from its inception to the present time.

These are strong evidences of the Society’s prosperity. The present
condition of our Academy calls to mind the last annual meeting, when
we assembled in one of the two rooms we now occupy (the extent of
our accommodations then) when only nine members cast the votes
which elected its officers for the year. We had no great expectations,
and were satisfied with the prospect of growing in the same ratio
as in years before. In 1870, when we first occupied rooms independ-
ent of our sister Library Association, we commenced housekeeping
‘in the lower part of the city in a ten by ten room into which the light
of day came not through front windows, but through rear ones open-
ing into the back yard of a livery stable; at night a cheap kerosene
lamp rendered our gropings more distinct. There we met like cave
dwellers around a skull, shell or new book and wondered why the
spirit of science did not diffuse itself throughout our community and
extricate us from the embers of our poorly supplied hopes of better
days.

Withal, had we not the evidence in that room of efforts well di-
rected? There stood a good telescope which had often pointed at the
worlds above. There was the camera which photographed the eclipse
the year before. There wasa good library, so far as it went, but which
two of us could have carried at one lift to better quarters, if we
had had them; also a load of stones and rocks, most of which were
upon open shelves. All of these possessions evinced well directed
efforts, but at that time their shadows thrown on the wall by the old
lamp were like specters, the effect of which few of us, who were not
there, can imagine, unless they have done duty with scalpel late at
night, in the upper rooms of a medical college.

After a struggle of five years, we may to-day rejoice in the knowl-
edge that substantial success is ours, and our future is promising.

Need it be asked why we urge the citizens to support such an in-
stitution in our midst, in a liberal manner?

The cultivation of scientific observation in the minds of the young
people, is more and more appreciated, and science, now is almost en-
tirely emancipated from the prejudice with which it has long been
enslaved by a certain class of people. Slow has been the march of
superstition and false theories out from the midst of our conceptions,
and the freedom of the atmosphere which we are beginning to inhale,
is stimulating and toning toward a new life. The mission of science
_is to aggregate facts, from which to make deductions. How much
science has done for our every day life, can easily be shown—it has
within our nation’s existence, brought distant climates within a jour-
ney of a day or two; by it two hemispheres compare market prices in
the same hour: through its teachings the out door air is cleared of its
noxious vapors; houses are better warmed, lighted and ventilated ;
through it of late we read every morning with a ninety per cent cer-

88 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOIENOES.

tainty of what the weather will be for the next twenty-four hours.

These advances are sufficient to secure us against famine, pesti-
lence, and to some extent, disaster, besides securing comfort, health
and ease.

Science has done as much for the mind, in freeing it from bigotry
and superstitious ideas of hob-goblins, and the devil. It puts a man
on a self-reliant basis, and proves that by the sweat of his own brow
he muat earn his bread.

With the present advantages of science, what the future holds out
to us through our faith in its reliability, it is difficult to conjecture. —

With the stability of Nature, and the saturating influence of our
public school system, and the freedom of thought in a Democratic
government, and the elevating principles of Christian teaching, may we
not expect the Yankee genius to outstrip the world in its exposition of
the fruits of practical science!

We need not, then, blush to ask our fellow-citizens to support an
institution, the tendency and direction of which is leading on to so
great utility. Although the stones exhibited are cold, the bones dry,
the feathers dead, and the insects dusty, yet the discipline gained in
their study, and their suggestive bearing tell in maturer reflection.

You will allow me to make a few remarks upon the subject of the
relation an association like this, bears to the community upon whose
good will we so greatly depend for the carrying out of our objects.

The officers of such societies are the custodians of the funds turned
into it, and are the administrators of the affairs which carry out the
objects and aims of the body, and from whatever source its income—
whether dues, gifts, festivals or endowments—they agree (or such
pledge is implied) by taking the funds, that they will be expended for
whatever agreed and in accordance with the constitution. * * * *

The President is, to a great degree, responsible to an association
for the administration of its constitutional formula; also that the
wishes of the society are carried out by those handling the funds, and
a sentiment should pervade the whole society which sustains him in
his administration of its wishes.

I think it indispensable, moreover, that this association should
have a printed constitution and by-laws, and these be distributed to
donors and members, to inform the latter of their privileges, and to
furnish information as to the manner in which contributions are re-
ceived and business conducted.

We might indulge here in expressions of future anticipations. Our
hope lures us to believe that we shall have an endowment fund, and a
fire-proof building, and our faith in the community says it shall be so;
but let us now be satisfied with a slow, if it be a well-developed,
growth; and now that we stand upon a good basis, let us build a su-
perstructure that will be worthy of comparison with any institution
of like kind in the West.

E. H. HAZEN, President.

J. Vali el Si St a oS il BO el a

eee EE ee eee @) ee eS. eC.

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 91

Do Rifle Balls, when Striking the Animal Body, Burn?
BY R. J. FARQUHARSON, M. D,
[Read before tne Academy January 28th. 1870.)

For a long time after the use of fire-arms the vulgar idea prevailed,
that the combustion of the “ villainous saltpetre’? somehow communi-
cated a poisonous quality to the ball, and thence to the wounds
inflicted.

After this was abandoned, the idea prevailed that the ball was
heated by friction, in passing through the air, and burnt the wound.
This idea existed in the time of Ambrose Par¢, for we find this cele-
brated surgeon, in his works, published in 1525, refuting it, by the
well-known fact, that a rifle-ball passes through powder without ig-
niting it. This apparent refutation has been copied by successive
writers, until we find it mentioned even by Nelaton, at present the sur
geon of Napoleon the Third. The error is in not considering the facts,
that the ball must stop to be heated much, and that gunpowder can-
not be ignited below 600° below Fahrenheit.

We shall now briefly mention some of the facts, elicited in the in-
vestigation of the new theory of heat, and also in the recent experi-
ments in gunnery, which have been made in England, to solve the
question of the penetrating power of cannon balls, versus the protect-
ing power of iron plates, facts which go far to render exceedingiy
probable the belief that rifle balls, when stopped by the animal body,
do burn.

The amount of heat, generated in a ball by friction of the air, is but
small, owing to the low velocity, not over 1,600 feet per second but
that such friction is competent to produce great heat, is shown by the
aerolites or shooting-stars, which have a planetary velocity of from 18
to 36 miles per second, when they enter our atmosphere, and the
amount of heat generated by friction is so great, as in most instances
to dissipate the metallic constituents of these bodies as a vapor. Tyn-
dall proved by experiment, that a lead ball, falling 26 feet and stopped
at the foot of its descent by an iron plate, has its temperature raised
above that of the air of the room, as shown by applying the ball
immediately to the face of a thermo-electric pile. The quantity of
heat which is generated is divided between the ball and the iron plate;
if it was all in the ball, it could be easily calculated by Joule’s law,
as a body falling 26 feet, which is 1-30 of 772, would raise an equal
weight of water 1-30° F.; but the heat capacity of water being thirty
times that of lead, the lead is varied thirty times as much or 1° F.
Now we can also easily calculate the amount of heat generated in a
rifle ball, when suddenly stopped by a solid body. It is a well-known
law that the height of a falling body is as the square of the velocity,
consequently the heat must be as the square of the velocity; a lead
ball falling 772 feet has a velocity of 223 feet per second, and if
stopped suddenly, as shown above, a heat of 30° F; but arifle ball has

92 _ DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

a velocity of more than 1388 feet per second, or 6 times 223, and there-
fore the heat generated is the square of 6 or 36 times as much, or 36,
times 30°, or 1080° F., more than enough to melt the ball, but only a
part of this heat is retained in the ball, it being divided between the
ball and the target, or arresting body.

When we examine the case of the great iron balls, such as were
used in the experiments in gunnery, at Shoeburyness in England, the
great quantity of heat generated is much moreevident. The mechan-
ical effect is known to be ‘as the mass of the body multiplied by the
square of the velocity, and as the heat of the stopped ball is the same,
the quantity is immense.” An eye witness says, “a flash of light is
seen, even in broad day, when the ball strikes the target and it is
found after collision, often hissing hot.” That these huge balls be-
come red-hot at the moment of impact is shown conclusiyely by the
following fact. Formerly to make a shell explosive by impact, it was
necessary, either to make it oblong and place the concussion powder
in the heavy end, or in the case of a spherical shell to use what is
known as the inertia fuse, which secures the action of any part strik-
ing upon the concussion powder. But all percussion shells are dan-
gerous to handle and to transport, especially on shipboard. Now a
new kind of powder has been devised, of greater power than ordinary
powder, which is composed of charcoal, picrate of potash and nitrate
of potash, this powder cannot be exploded by percussion, and it re-
quires a heat of not less than 590° F. for ignition; but a shell filled
with this powder explodes immediately on striking an iron target,
proving that it must have attained a temperature of at least dull-heat
at the moment of impact.

Now we may safely say that balls do burn.

Balls are generally of lead, sometimes of iron, and again some-
times, though rarely, of copper, the escopette balls, used by the Mexi-
can* in our late war with them, being of that metal. Now which of
these balls, lead, iron or copper, would have the greatest burning
power ; for different bodies do not have the same heat or burning power
at the same temperature. If you take three balls, one each, of iron, lead
and copper, and heat them to the same degree, by putting them in oil
at 180° F., and then place them upona thin disc of wax, they will burn
or melt through, in succession, as follows: first, the iron, then the cop
per at a very short interval, and lastly at a still greater inter val, the
lead. Now what makes this difference in the burning power of aif-
ferent metals, and what determines the difference? Why the specific
heat or capacity for heat, and how is that found out? By determin-
ing the relative quantity of heat absorbed in being raised from 32° FP.
to 212° F.; or easier, by the quantity of ice melted in cooling from
212° F. to 32°, which is from 100° to zero of the centigrade thermom-
eter.

This strange property of metals to have different specific heats, or

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 93

in other words different capacities for heat, is not determined by the
mass or specific gravity, nor by the conductive power of the different
metals, as at first sight it would seem to be, as is shown in the following
table, a list of metals, in which silver as possessing the highest con-
ductive power is taken as a standard, and the other metals compared
with it.

Name of metal Conductive Power. Specific gravity. Specific heat.
SULVErss So>.i-fee Hasbene 1000 1000 1000
SOD PCTs oi5-55 Aisles 740 836 1668
G OMG vrrscataala iy scenes o 530 1846 568
SLUT ean Stee Ate Taber SIE Te 150 692 986
UGC 5 a Se EA 120 692 1996
meade: ade. ech isaeee 90 1086 550
124 ERP Gr ee een 80 2114 568
ESPSEMIGD ego jaia cic 20 942 540
Or the eight metals stand thus in order:

Name of metai. Conductive Power. Specific gravity. Specific heat.
BRWeltee cscs cs ssees Ist. 4th. 3d.
Gopperrs 22% HA ae 2d. 6th. 2d.
(2:0) as Sea ER oror se 3d. 2d. 5th.
UL Ae Bee eee ee 4th. jth. 4th.
WAR Gye apd oko a oaey Seat 5th. 8th. Ist.
eaters ts case ces 6th. 3d. 6th.
Piatiniiim. 2. PSUS 7th. Ist. 5th.
Bip eos. ares: Sth. 5th. 8th.

As the burning power is directly as the specific heat, the burning
power of the three balls as seen by the above list is, Ist, iron; 2d, cop-
per; and 6th, lead.

In conclusion, I would say, that stopped balls do burn; that no
surgical writer of the present time, within my knowledge, alludes to
this fact, and that some phenomena of gunshot wounds hitherto inex-
plicable, are easiiy enough accounted for by this theory of heat, but
to enlarge on this subject would be out of place here.

DaVENPORT, Lowa, Nov. 26th, 1869.

At the meeting on February 26th, 1875, Dr. Farquhar-
son called the attention of the Academy to a paper read by
him, in 1869, on the heating of ritle balls, when stopped by
the body of an animal.

He read extracts from an account of experiments made last year at
Spandau, Germany, by Dr. Kiister, which were a practical confirma-
tion cf his theoretical deductions in the former paper.

Quotations from an article in the New York Medical Record, for Oc-
tober Ist, 1874, by Dr. Augustus Kiister, of the Augusta Hospital, and
first printed in the Berliner Klinishe Wochenscriften.

“Tn a paper read last year before the German Surgical Congress,
Professor Busch, of Bonn, called attention to the fact that a
Chassepot bullet, when shot from a short distance into the human
body, made a simple aperture of entrance, but that its aperture of exit

4 _ DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENOES.

was larger than a flst, and that there was very extensive fissuring and
crushing of the bones.’’ Dr. Busch supposed that the ball became
melted, and broken up by forcible contact with a hard substance, and
acted like a mass of shot on the parts lying behind. Dr. Kiister, at the
time when Dr. Busch’s paper was read, had made a similar obser-
vation as to the effect of the bullet, but could not adopt Dr. Busch’s
explanation. He had since made a number of experiments (with the
courteous sanction of fhe Minister of War, who had placed at his dis-
posal arms, ammunition, and men) which, with the assistance of Major
Schenck, were carried out at the Royal Military School, at Spandau.

“Tn making the experiments, a large target was placed behind the
animals, so as to enable the condition of the bullets to be observed
after their passage through the body. The distances were five, twenty,
one hundred, and eight hundred paces. The arms used were a sport-
ing rifle with a pointed bullet, the needle gun, Chassepot, Mauser,
and Henri-Martini rifles; the animals used for the experiment were
horses and wethers. The latter were first killed by a volley from all
the weapons; then shots were discharged at the dead body, and after
eight days a further series of experiments were made on the carcass,
which was at that time undergoing decomposition. The following
are the general results of the investigation;

1. There is no essential difference in the action of bullets on the
living and on the dead body. With reference to this subject, Dr.
Kiister calls attention to the fact that, in consequence of the greater
toughness of the skin of animals, the aperture of exit is not so large as
in the human body. In one case the skin was so tough that the point
only of the bullet penetrated the skin of the back, and its force was
then diminished. On dilating the opening and introducing the finger
into the wound, there was found to be just as extensive destruction of
the soft parts and bones as in the human body. It was only in those
parts where the skin was thinner and lay close to the bones as in vari-
ous parts of the head of the horse, that it was sometimes torn to a
greater extent, but never so much asin man. The injury of bones,
however, was not less than in a human subject.

2. The extent of the destruction is in inverse ratio to the distance
and in direct ratio with the initial velocity of the bullet. At eight
hundred paces, although the characteristic peculiarities of the wound
were still present, they were generally reduced in intensity. The
smallest wounds were produced by the sporting rifle (Jagdbiichse) ;
the bullet, although put out of shape, remained entire in the body,
even when discharged at short distances. Then followed the needle
gun, the Chassepot, and the Mauser rifle, which produced trightful
destruction of the bone and soft parts.

3. The destruction of the tissues is produced by the lead becoming
heated by collision against a solid substance, and consequently,
broken up, but without being melted. The bullet is mechanically di-

4

RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 95

vided; it leaves the finest particles of lead in the recesses of the
wound, while the fragments of larger size’pass out along with the
pieces of shattered bone. On this point Dr. Kiister differs from Pro.
fessor Busch, who supposed a melting of the lead. Busch’s views de-
rive confirmation from the fact, that when a lead bullet is fired against
an iron target, the lead is spread out in the shape of a star, and this, it
is argued, shows that it becomes melted. But Schadel, of Heidelberg,
hung a small bag of powder before the target; the bag was repeatedly
torn by the splinters of the bullet, but without producing an explosion,
which must have taken place if the lead had been melted. There must
also be a great difference, according to whether the bullet traveling
with full force, is completely arrested, or meets with an obstacle which
it can overcome.

“At the meeting of German naturalists in Weisbaden, Professor
Busch related some experiments to show that lead loses its cohesion
in proportion as it is heated. If two bullets, one cold and the other
heated, be allowed to fall on a stone from the height of six feet, no im-
pression will be made on the first, while the second will be distinctly
flattened. That a heating of the ball does take place is an evident re-
sult of the physical law that, whenever it meets with resistance a
part of the force is changed into heat; and further, when a bullet
remains sticking to the target, it is always warm. Again when a bul-
let is discharged at a short distance into a heap of moist sand, the edges
and the farther end of the channel made by the bullet are always
warm. By these facts, the manner in which the injury is produced in
the animal body is easily explained. The bullet shatters the first bony
lamellae with which it comes in contact, becomes heated and is conse-
quently broken into several fragments against the projecting portions
and angles of the bone. In correspondence with this destruction of
the bullets, the wounds made from short distances by the Chassepot and
Mauser, which have the greatest initial velocity, were frightful. Most
of the bullets passed through the animals’ bodies, reduced by one-
half or more,and greatly altered,and made on the target an irreg-
ular impression, surrounded by a crown of small pieces of lead.
Along with these were found fragments of bone, muscle, hair, etc. Dr.
Kiister does not remember having once seen a simple bullet-opening
in the target.

“The next point was to observe whether hardened balls have the
same effect. This was @ préort not improbable, as Pirogoff had
noticed the remarkably extensive splintering produced by the copper
bullets of the Tscherkesses. Dr. Kiister, however, found that,

4. “The injuries described are produced only by balls of soft lead,
not by those of hard lead. Bullets of hard lead are used with one
only of the modern weapons—the English Henri-Martini rifle.

“The hardness is produced by amalgamation of the lead with tin
in the proportion of 12 to 1. The initial velocity of this rifle is nearly

6 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

as great as that of the Mauser, and yet the wound produced by it is
very much smaller. While with the latter, the aperture of entrance
into the bone was irregular, and very often extensively splintered, and
while the amount of crushing increased in extent, in the track of the
ball, the Henri-Martini made always a simple, and more or less cireu-
lar opening.

“Tf the edge of a rib were hif, the loss of the bone formed the seg-
ment of a circle corresponding to the circumference of the ball. The
aperture of exit was also generally roundish, though larger; there was
either no splintering, or it was limited to the immediate circumfer-
ence of the aperture. .The hole in the target was without exception
simple, and the ball, when found in the target, was not at all, or only
slightly misshapen.

“Dr. Kiister has never found splinters of lead in the track of
wounds made by these bullets. In one case only did he find a bullet
of this kind much misshapen, it had been fired at a distance of 100
paces, and remained sticking in a bone.

“Dr. Kiister states, as a fact of importance, that at a distance of
100 paces, the Henri-Martini bullets, with one exception, passed
through the greatest diameter of the body of a horse, while the Mau-
ser bullets frequently remained in it.

“This is explained by the greater resistance which the latter have
io overcome in consequence of the greater amount of mis-shapement
which they undergo; it shows also that the passage of a ball right
through the body generally indicates less danger, than when it re-
mains in it.”

Report on a Geological Examination of the Section of the
Bluffs recently exposed by the C., R. I. & P. R. R.

Bea Wir ear brea nee
{Read January 11th, 1869. |
(Plate XXXII.)

In accordance with the suggestion of Dr. Parry, at the October
meeting, I have taken occasion to watch the progress of the excava-
tion of the C. R. I. & P. R. R. track through the bluff, west of the city,
and to note the arrangement and position of the deposits exposed, and
to collect specimens of all the relics of the ages, which are to be found
there.

I herewith present a sketch of the strata as now exhibited; also a
series of specimens of the several soils, woo.1, moss, shells, calcareous
nodules, glacier-scratched boulders, etc., for the collection of which
this work affords a very favorable opportunity.

The surface of the prairie, which at this point extends to the edge
of the bluffs, is somewhat undulating, highest almost at the extreme
edge, and gently sloping backward toward the north.

PRATT ON ALBANY) MOUNDS. 97

The cut is nearly in a north and south direction, and at the deepest
part is forty-four feet below the prairie surface.

Beneath the recent soil (marked 1, on the diagram,) which is one
toot in depth, is about twenty feet of the usual. “ yellow.clay,’’ No. 2.
The lines of stratification in this stratum consist principally of iron-
stained streaks, and occasional thin layers of sand interstratified, and
frequently a distinctly laminated structure, the lamine being much
curved. Many ealcareous sandy concretions of one or two ounces in
weight, are found in this yellow loam, which in all respects corres-
ponds very closely with the loess of the valley of the Rhine, as des-
cribed by Sir Charles Lyell, and indeed he also. alludes to the forma-
tion “ which borders on the great plain of the Mississippi,” as being
of the same character. This loam also contains some shells among
which are found Suecinea obliqua, S. avara, Helicina. occulta, Pupa
fallaw, and Helix striatella,; extremely fragile, but unbroken, which
latter fact, in connection with the general uniformity and horizontal
position of the strata shows that the whole must have been deposited
in comparatively still waters.

This clay makes. excellent brick.

Next below the yellow clay, the line of division being, in some
places, not very distinct, is a layer, varying from three to five feet in
thickness, of bluish-gray clay, No. 3, containing a few shells of some of
the above named species. This clay presents no lines of stratification
whatever, and there seem to be strong indications of it having been
thrown down rapidly and very soon after the submergence or over-
flow which changed this whole region into an immense fresh water
lake.

The above described layer rests directly upon a bed, one foot thick,
of brown peat, No 4, which, when thoroughly dried, will burn, though
it is very poor fuel. In some places the forms of the peat moss—Hyp-
num aduncum, as determined by Prof. ©. H. Peck, State Botanist of
New York—are preserved; and considerable quantities of much de-
composed coniferous woods, some pieces being several inches in diam-
eter, are found distributed through the peat bed. As no roots are
found penetrating the soil, it seems doubtful whether the wood grew
in the immediate locality.

Below the peat is the “ ancient soil’’, No. 5, two feet in depth. This
is arich vegetable mould, of a dark brown color, much resembling
the peat itself, but more decomposed, more earthy, and darker.

Both the soil and the peat are of very uniform thicknessSand ex-
actly horizontal, while the overlying strata correspond in some degree
with the contour of the prairie surface. No shells or other fossils
have as yet been observed in this soil.

Underlying the old soil and extending to the bottom of the excava-
tion—about eighteen feet—and probably much lower, is the boulder

Proc D. A.N.S. Vot. I. [14] APRIL, 1876.

98 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOIENOES.

drift, No. 6, consisting of a very tenacious,“ blue clay ”’, intimately
mixed with fine sand and containing much gravel and small boulders,
and growing coarser as we descend. No shells or other organic re-
mains have been discovered here. The pebbles and boulders of this
formation have been all smoothly water-worn, and very many of them
have subsequently been scratched and ground by glacial action, of the
prevalence of which, in this latitude, at some remote period, they af-
tord good additional evidence, fully in accordance with the “ glacial
theory” so ably maintained by Prof. Agassiz, and now generally ac-:
cepted as a truth.

It is quite apparent that all these strata were dépotited before the
mighty river, which, at a later period, filled the valley from hill-side
to hill-side, had excavated its broad channel and the bluffs had as-
sumed their present form, and before any strong currents were estab-
lished in the waters which accomplished the work. This is shown
by the fact that all the strata, including the old soil and peat bed, extend
entirely unchanged to the edge of the bluff, out-cropping where not
hidden from view by land slides or by the recent soil.

A tusk, several molars and some bones of a mammoth (Hlephas ‘pri.
migenius) of a race whose last individual roamed over the continent
ages ago, were exhumed a few days since by the steam excavator, and
traces were observed of other portions of the skeleton entirely decom-
posed. This was found at the junction of the yellow and bluish clays,
(at a,) three feet above the peat bed, indicating that the skeleton was de-
posited after the blue stratum, the body having floated there, upon the
waters, or the creature perhaps having “ waded in” to his destruction.
The tusk was considerably broken by the machine, but was nearly all
secured. It was nearly seven feet in length, very much curved, and
measures four and three-fourths inches in diameter at the base. One
of the molars weighs nine and a half pounds. These articles are in
the Griswold College Museum, in this city.

One of the chief circumstances indicating that the clay No. 3, next
above the forest bed was deposited suddenly, is the appearance of an
ancient ditch, (shown at d, in the figure,) which was cut through the peat
bed and soil, and considerably below, its whole depth being about six
feet. It would seem that if this had been exposed to the action of a
flood of still water for any considerable time, the black soil at its sides
would have been softened and disintegrated, and settled down some-
what into the bottom and the light colored clay in settling gradually
into the ditch, would necessarily have become much mixed with it,
and if in running water it would still more certainly be so. It is
however, distinct all the way down, the line between them being as
sharp as a lead pencil mark on paper.

The clay within the ditch is as clean, and every way precisely the
same, as that extending over the whole surface, (No. 3,) and perfectly
continuous with it, and without the slightest appearance of separation.

PRATT ON ALBANY MOUNDS. 99

A sudden overflow of the clay upon this region, might account for
the position of the elephant benes several feet above the old surface, by
the animal being overwhelmed by it, and perishing there.

Report of Explorations of the Ancient Mounds at Albany,
Whiteside County, Illinois.
BY Wake PRATT:
{Read August 29th, 1873.]
Gentlemen of the Academy:

Having been commissioned by the society to make some explora-
tions of the mound region in the vicinity of Albany, Illinois, I pro-
ceeded to that place in August of this year, 1873, and with my son, who
went with me, spent three and a half days in the work, of which I beg
leave to present the following report:

The village of Albany is situated on the east bank of the Missis-
sippi, in Whiteside Co., Illinois.

The course of the river at that point is about 8. S.-W.

Over the bluffs in the neighborhood is a growth of young oak trees,
the largest of which are ten or twelve inches in diameter.

On the bluff and the slope toward the river, about a mile south west
of the village, scattered irregularly over an area of about one-fourth
by three fourths of a mile, are fifty-one ancient mounds, the positions
and dimensions of which I have approximately determined. A gen-
eral view of the whole is presented in the accompanying plan. The
land is owned by Mr. Sam’! Rosenkranz, who kindly allows the ex-
ploration and excavation of the mounds without restriction, except the
reservation of three of the most prominent.

A few other mounds are said to exist not far distant to the north
east, also some others a little distance south, but I have not seen them
It is also stated that two or three were removed some years since in
making the grade for the Western Union R. R., which passes close by
the mounds, between them and the river.

Over the area above mentioned, the young timber has been mostly
cut off, and on the higher portions evidently very few trees have of
late, if ever, existed. The soil is almest entirely sand. The high land
or bluff terminates abruptly to the southward in a bold, narrow point.

A position on one of the highest mounds, (H) some of which are situ.
ated on this point, commands one of the broadest views to be found
in the whole Mississippi Valley, with a sweep of more than half a
circle, including the river and valley and islands to the north and
west and south west, and to the south and south east the “ Dosia’’, as
it is commonly called, or “ Maredosia slough ”’, or, as it was originally
named, the “ Marais d’Ogee”’, an ancient channel of many miles in ex-
tent, connecting the Rock River with the Mississippi. In this the
current flows in either direction, from the higher toward the lower of

100 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

the ‘two rivers at different times. The “slough” is a broad marsh,
nearly dry during a dry season, and is believed to have been once the
channel of a part of the Mississippi, which divided at this point, and
re-united at the present mouth of the Rock River, forty miles below.

The location is one of rare beauty and has doubtless been for ages,
as it still is, a favorite resort of hunters.. The high point above
named is a narrow and rather abrupt sand ridge, formed, no doubt,
by the action of the current, when the Father of Waters occupied
the entire breadth of the-valley.

There is nothing in the relative position of the tumuli, as will be
readily seen by reference to the diagram, to indicate any arrangement
or design whatever, except to construct. them where it could be done
with least labor, by taking advantage of the ridges and slight eleva-
tions of loose and sandy soil.

The structures vary in height, from two to twelve feet, the diameter
being five or six times the height.

They are usually circular, only four or five being elliptical, the
length of these about double the breadth, and the longer diameter be-
ing parallel “with the river. The outline of surface is such as would
naturally result from a rounded heap of sand or loose earth, exposed,
for ages, to the aetion of the elements, the surface being protected by
such grasses, plants, bushes, or trees as the soil would produce The
exact height and diameter are consequently difficult to determine, but
it would appear that they had originally been from four to fifteen feet
in height and perhaps four times those measures in diameter.

All of the largest mounds and several of the smaller are upon the
high ground, from one hundred and twenty to one hundred and fifty
feet above the river. The rest are on the slope between it and the
river. I selected for examination one of several similar mounds,
which were situated in a row parallel with the river, and but a few
rods northwest of the sandy ridge, at some fifty feet lower level, and
on ground sloping gently toward the Mississippi, which is distant
about one fourth of a mile.

This mound is marked 1 on the plan.

It was about four feet high and twenty-five in diameter. This
mound is composed, as are the most of those which have been opened,
of a loose fine sand, with here and there a stone of two or three pounds
weight or more, of the Niagara limestone and the sandstone common
in this region, many of them evidently having been subjected to the
action of fire before they were placed there

No floor, wall, or internal structure of any kind was found, and the
same is the case in almost all instances in this district. Making an
excavation from one side and toward the middle, on reaching a depth
of six feet from the top, a quantity of human bones was discovered ly-
ing about in the center of the mound. Seven adult and one child’s
skulls were exhumed, the latter falling in pieces as soon as it was re-
moved.

PRATT ON ALBANY MOUNDS, x 101

The adult skulls were more or less crushed and distorted, and some
portions entirely decayed; two of them, however, were secured in tol
erably good condition, one containing thirty-two sound teeth, the
other wanting but two or three. Many teeth were found with frag-
ments of decayed jaw-bones, and it is very evident that, whatever the

troubles and trials to which their possessors were subject, that plague
of modern times, the tooth-ache, was one from which they were pretty
much exempt

The crania have apparently been subjected in life to no artificial
distortion nor compression, except, possibly, some flattening of the oc-
cipital region, such a3 is said to be produced by the position and man-
ner in which some tribes confine the infant to a cradle-board The
heavy, superciliary ridge, retreating forehead, and protruding and
wide jaws, with the great bi-mastoidal diameter as compared with the
bi-parietal, are indicative of physical rather than of mental or moral
capacity.

As portions of all parts of the skeleton are found, it would appear
that the whole of each has been deposited there, though thrown in
rather “‘promiscuously”’. The heads were all lying in the same di-
rection, southward, in some cases in contact with each other, and the
other parts so intermingled and decomposed as to make it impossible
to trace any one skeleton, or to determine to which one an individual
bone belonged.

Many of the small bones and the softer portions of the larger ones,
are entirely gone. The best preserved skeleton, (skull No. 3, Pu. XX.,)
was lying stretched out in a horizontal position, with the face upward
and was a few inches above the rest, and of those which were piled in
together, one was lying on its right side.

The sand below, above, and around the bones presents the same
uniform appearance, from a yellowish-gray to a reddish-brown color,
except that that immediately about them is usually a little darker,
and occasional irregular and uneven streaks of rather darker sand are
found, as if some loads or parcels of the earth of which the heap is
formed, had been partly of a dirtier surface soil, and had been thrown
scattering over the surface, and then covered with cleaner sand. A
few of the most southern mounds, where the earth is gravelly, are
composed of sand and gravel showing that, as in other cases, they are
built of the material nearest at hand.

It would appear that the process of interment had been a very sim-
ple one, viz: selecting a spot where the eartin was loose, sandy, and
easily removed; scraping away to the depth of a foot or two, then
carelessly depositing a number of bodies, or rather perhaps of skele-
tons, collected, possibly, from elevated scaffolds, trees, or other posi-
tions where the bodies had been previously placed; then replacing the
sand which had been removed, and adding enough from the surround.
ing surface to raise a heap of such dimensions as their inclination to
manual labor and their respect for the deceased would prompt. The

102 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

position of the skeletons is a pretty certain indication that the bodies
were not interred one at a time, as that could not have been done
without in each instance entirely uncovering these previously buried,
the skulls being in some cases in contact with each ether.

In this mound no relics, weapons or implements were found, ex-
cept a very small fragment of pottery in the earth, about a foot from
the surface, and an arrow-head of very peculiar form, (fig. I, Pl. X,)
which was lying among the bones.

In one of the largest mounds (W) about twelve feet high and Stand
ing on the highest ground, opened some years since, was discovered
an inclosure of ‘dry wall” some ten feet square, containing a number
of skeletons supposed to have been buried in a sitting posture, with no
indication of any covering or floor having ever been there, save the
earth of which the whole mound was composed. A portion of this
wall which still remained exposed, we carefully removed for exami-
nation, and found it to be built of the fossiliferous limestone common
in that locality, brought probably from near the river bank, & quarter
of a mile distant, and a hundred feet lower; laid up with tolerable
evenness on the inner side. It was about three feet high, two feet
thick at the top, and three at the base, piled up Joosely, the lower
stones broad and flat, rather hesvier than one man could well carry,
and lying on the clean, yellowish sand. Some of the stones had been
burned red previously to being placed in the wall. This inclosure
was entirely at one side of the center of the mound, and nothing of in-
terest was found in the other part. -

Many of the mounds have been opened and partially explored by
citizens and strangers in search of “curiosities,” and of late such
wisits are more frequent than ever.

Some estimate of the original maximum height of these tumuli may
‘be formed from the observation that sandy earth,such as that of which
they are composed, will not remain in position on a slope of more
than forty degrees from the horizontal ; they could not, therefore, have
been higher, even if raised to a point at the apex, than two-fifths of
the width at the base, and the very first rain or wind would reduce
them considerably. As they are now, however, they would probably
remain with contour unchanged by the action of the elements for a
thousand years to come.

This region has long been occupied by the tribe of Indians known
as the Sacs and Foxes, who came from the region of the Saint Law-
rence over two hundred years ago, and remained until about the pe-
riod of the Black Hawk war, about 1832.

George L. Davenport, Esq., of this city, who was born on the island
of Rock Island, in 1817, and was the first white child born in this sec-
tion of the country, and who has been intimately acquainted with the
Indians for over fifty years, and speaks their language, informs us
that they had positively no knowledge of these structures, and paid no

high
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low ground”

high rid,
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104 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

attention whatever tothem. They had a village or town in the imme-
diate neighborhood of the mounds, though their principal town was
near the site of the present city of Rock Island.

It is therefore certain that the mounds presented much the same
appearance many years since as now, and that these Indians neither
constructed nor used them. 4

No evidences of ‘intrusive burials” have been discovered, and
without doubt the mounds have been as at present, and entirely un-
disturbed for many centuries, until opened by recent explorers.

The collection secured in this expedition consists of six adult
skulls, two of which are in good condition, and the others more or
less broken or wasted, many of the bones of other portions of the skel-
etons, one arrow head, and a fragment of pottery, all of which are in
the cabinet of the Academy.

Report on the Results of the Excursion to Albany, Illinois,
November 7th and 8th, 1873.
BY A. 8S. TIFFANY
[Read November 28th, 1873.]

At the request of several Trustees I proceeded to Albany on the
morning of November 7th, to procure laborers and to have as much of
the heavy work done as possible previous to the arrival of the excur-
sion on the following day.

I procured two laborers, and proceeding to the mounds gave them
a hasty inspection, and decided to commence on the two numbered 3
and 4 on Mr. Pratt’s chart I marked out a rectangular opening, six
by seven feet over the central part of both mounds. At a depth of
tive and one half feet, in No. 4, the horizon of the bones was reached.
A few fragments of decomposed bones and the crowns of a few teeth
were all that rewarded the labor.

On the next day I directed one of the laborers to proceed with
mound No. 3, while with the other One I examined No. 6—a large
double mound which had been partially removed in grading for the
W.U.R.R. After spending an hour’s time on this mound, with no
indications of either bones or implements, I abandoned it, having ¢
strong desire to explore the

OAK TREE MOUND, NO 5.

This mound is about sixty feet from north to south and thirty feet
across. The form and size of this mound is very like the one con-
taining the wall described by Mr. Pratt in his previous report. An
opening was begun ten by five feet, west of the center of the mound,
but the time being limited, at a depth of five feet it was reduced to
five feet square. At a depth of about two feet, the shinbone of a large
animal, probably the Bison, was found, and a little deeper, were two
specimens of pottery evidently belonging to the same vessel. At a

TIFFANY ON ALBANY MOUNDS. 105

depth of ten feet was a row of limestones east and west near the north
end of the opening, and immediately south of them a large skeleton,
lying in a horizontal position, with the face upward and head toward
the east. The feet were turned outward. With the exception of the
toes, all the bones of the lower extremities were perfect and in a fair
state of preservation, and had not. been disturbed since they were in-
terred. South of the above was another skeleton, which seemed to
have been interred at the same time and in the same manner. Above
these were several skeletons in a less perfect state of preservation,
which had apparently been interred at a later period. The order in
which they had been laid could not be determined. Mostof the bones
of the first mentioned individual were obtained perfect except the hands
and toes, the skull is very good, including the cheek and nasal bones

Among these remains were several pieces of pottery and a piece of
the lower jaw, probably belonging to the deer or elk, containing five
molars. Also a Unio shell, nicked on both edges, about three-fourths
of an inch below the beak, so that it could be suspended by a cord
and worn as an ornament. Three skulls were obtained in this mound
in a good state of preservation.

In mound No 3, at the depth of six or eight feet from the surface,
were found the skeletons of four adults, lying stretched out, face up-
ward, two with heads toward the east and two toward the west. The
four occupicd a space of about four feet in width. Two children had
also been buried there, perhaps at a later date, but their position could
not be well ascertained. One of the skulls, (Plate XXI, No. 5) from
this mound, was obtained in a very perfect condition, except that most
of the teeth are wanting. In this mound were discovered, lying im-
mediately above the skeletons, several relics of considerable interest,
viz.: a plate of mica, about three by four inches and one-eighth of an
inch thick, with several notches in the edges; a small lump of galena,
surface much carbonized, and the corners worn, apparently by hand-
ling; a dove-colored flint arrow-head, very finely wrought, sharp and
smooth ; several flakes of white flint, and a strangely-formed bone-im-
plement or charm, or whatever it may have been, (Pl. VII, Fig.1.) It
is a fragment of a marrow-bone, four and a half inches long, and one
and a quarter wide at the middle, tapering nearly to a point at the
ends, one of which is more pointed than the other, and much curved
edgewise. Close to the edge, at the convex side, at the widest part of
the bone, are four holes, about one-eighth of an inch in diameter, but
differing slightly. They have the appearance of having been drilled
with a tool not much, if at all, tapering in form, and with a square
cutting-edge, which was not worked entirely through, as there re-
mains, in each hole, on the inner side, a little edge, which is not quite
cut away. Across the bone, near the larger end, are two rows of holes
—five and six in a row—one-tenth of an inch or less in depth, drilled

Proc. D. A. N. S. Voz. I. [15] APRIL, 1876.

106 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

with some round-pointed instrument. One curved line is cut across,
as shown in the figure. The article seems much worn by handling.
What was its use we can scarcely conjecture, and some Indians (Sacs
and Foxes) to whom it was shown, can give no clue.

All the mounds examined appear to be constructed of the materials
which immediately surround them. In all the mounds explored by
me, there were evidences of fire having been used in funeral cere-
monies.

All of the skulls obtained belong to at most two types, and these
differences may only be different ages or stages of development. The
largest and heaviest skulls have a heavy projecting orbicular ridge the
whoie length of the brow, and the thinner skulls accompanied by
smaller and lighter bones, have the orbicular ridge produced and pro-
jecting to a sharp edge towards the temporal bones. Both of these
types have the orbits much less incurved under the orbicular ridge
than in any of the more modern races inhabiting this region.

Report of Explorations of the Ancient Mounds at Tooles-
boro, Louisa County, Iowa.
BY ‘W. HD PRATT:
[Read September 4th, 1875.]

Our little party, consisting of Mr. Charles E. Harrison, my son and
myself, having, on a recent exploring expedition, spent five days
among the ancient mounds in Louisa Co., Iowa, I would respectfully
present the following description of the same, and report of op-
erations.

The group consists of twelve mounds, and is situated on the edge
of the bluff over-looking the Iowa River bottom, two and a half miles
from the mouth of the river, at the village of Toolesboro, in a position
commanding a good view of New Boston, which lies three miles dis-
tant, on the opposite bank of the Mississippi. The city of Muscatine
can also be seen, at an air-line distance of twenty-one miles. There is
another group of six or seven mounds, about three-quarters of a mile
up the river, southward. These we did not disturb.

The mounds are from six to ten feet above the natural grade, and
from forty to eighty feet in diameter, and are composed of a very hard
earth, a mixture of clay and black soil, such as the clay of the imme-
diately adjacent hill-side and the soil of the prairie on which the
mounds stand. They are, of course, burial mounds, but the bones are
usually not very numerous, and are very poorly preserved.

The most of them contain considerable quantities of oak wood, in
logs six or eight inches or more in diameter, placed at and near the
bottom of the mound and very much decayed. Immediately beneath
these logs the bones were frequently found.

PRATT ON TOOLESBORO MOUNDS. 107

Two of the mounds were opened with pick and spade, making an
excavation about six by nine feet to the original surface level, and
then “drifting ’ in different directions where the indications seemed
most encouraging

In the first nothing was found excepting a few flint chips and scat-
tering human bones, which were sufficient, however, to show that it
was a burial-place.

In the second was a great quantity of the decayed wood, at differ-
ent levels, from six to nine feet below the surface of the mound.

These logs were laid without any arrangement whatever, so far as
we could discover, as if thrown in at random, except that, as above
mentioned, the skeletons were oftener found beneath the wood than
elsewhere. Portions of several skeletons were found in this mound,
among them was the skull of a child, but all were so decayed that it
was impossible to preserve a skull which could be restored to any con-
siderable extent.

Near one of the skulls was a neatly carved pipe, of gray pipe-stone,
(Pl. IV, Fig. 13) representing a bird, and furnished with eyes of pure
native copper, which, doubtless, had answered all purposes to the
satisfaction of the artist.

Here was also a copper “awl”, about six inches long, hammered
square instead of round, and bent at right angles and flattened near
one end, (Pl. VI, Fig. 5).

When these discoveries had been made and further search in this
mound seemed unpromising, a number of the citizens volunteered
their assistance with teams, to open another mound for the benefit of
the Academy. This kind offer we gladly accepted, and with five
teams and plenty of men, a third mound was soon scooped out, more
thoroughly than either of the others had been by hand.

A more particular description of this mound may be of interest.
It was composed, as before mentioned, of a mixed earth, with scarcely
any gravel or stones of any kind. The large sticks of wood were
found near the base and lying in irregular positions, showing no con-
nection or general plan whatever. There were many irregular layers,
generally of small extent, scarcely more than one-tenth of an inch in
thickness, of what appeared very much like white ashes, but whose
real nature is difficult to determine, as there was no charcoal or other
substance found associated with it, to aid in the explanation, except
that such a layer was usually found in contact with the wood on the
under side.

It may have been composed of lime from river shells, which had
been burned; but such a supposition would be mere conjecture.

The floor on which this mound was built, is a firm, hard, light-col-
ored clay; is, in fact, apparently the original undisturbed earth of
this locality, (the edge of the bluff) and stripped of its covering of dark
soil, if it ever had any. This was covered first with a layer about one

108 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

inch in thickness, of very tough, yellow clay, slightly moist and of
about the consistency of stiff putty.

Lying directly upon this clay, were found the bones, implements,
ete. This clay floor was entirely wanting in the other two mounds.

Here were found portions of two or three skeletons, so imperfectly
preserved as scarcely to bear removing without falling entirely in
pieces. : é

The first object of especial interest unearthed here, was a large
marine shell—Cass?s Madagascarensis—which was secured with only
a slight fracture by the pick-axe. This shell measures 744 by 101
inches, and holds about five and a half pints, and as the internal
whorls are all cut out, it was probably used for holding water.

With this, and near one of the skulls, were large earthen vessels, or

parts of them, for it seems certain that, while there were portions of at
least four, there had not been placed there the whole ot any one. The
pottery was crushed entirely out of shape, and was very friable, and
difficult to detach from the very tenacious clay, without crumbling
into the smallest fragments. We however took much pains to secure
it all, in the hope of being able to restore the vessels at least in part, to
their original form. These had contained some river shells, only small
fragments of which could be distinguished, and a quantity of the white
powder above mentioned.

A few feet from this was another skuli and other portions of the
skeleton, and near the head, as if it had been laid upon the chest, was
avery smoothly wrought copper axe, (PI. V, fig. 16,) showing very dis-
tinet traces of the cloth in which it had been wrapped, and some por-
tions of which were still adhering to the copper. About the neck and
inside of the skull were some two hundred shell beads rather poorly
preserved. A few feet of further excavation discovered two carved stone
pipes representing birds, Nos. 14 and 15, one of which, No. 15 was of
red pipe stone which is rather unusual, and ‘urnished with eyes of
pearl. These eyes, as well as a portion of the beads above mentioned,
are made of the pearls which are occasionally found in some species
of the Unidos of the Mississippi. Alsoin close proximity to these were
three more copper axes, Nos. 14, 17, 18. Excepting the red stone pipe,
15—which, though belenging to the Academy, is at present retained by
a person at Toolesboro-—all the above articles are now in the Academy
collection; as are also one copper axe, No. 15, and one copper awl and
several small sand stone implements, perhaps scouring or polishing
stones, which had been found a few days previous by Mr. Freeman
Shaw, and which were kindly donated by him to the Academy.

The mound from which these last mentioned articles came, had
not long since been enclosed and used as a hog-pen; and being on the
extreme edge of the bluff at a very steep declivity, the digging and
washing away of the earth exposed some of the relics to view, and a
little search revealed the rest. We explored the remaining pertion of
this mound to some extent, but found nothing more.

ee eS

PRATT ON TOOLESBORO MOUNDS, 109

About a quarter of a mile north-west of the above described mounds
is what is familiarly known as “ the old fort ground.”

This is described by Hon. Wm. Toole, who has resided there about
forty years, as having consisted of an earth-work enclosing an area of
fifteen or twenty acres, of an octagonal form, the sides being curved
and convex toward the inner side. The embankment was in those
days some two feet in height, but is now pretty much obliterated, the
ground having been under cultivation for many years.

This space, on which a heavy crop of corn is now growing, is thick-
ly strewn with flint chips and fragments of pottery. In a search
of three or four hours, we picked up fifty or more flint implements
consisting in part of small arrow heads and “darts,” (triangular and
without notches or barbs,) but mostly of a well defined form, and well
worked plano-convex instruments, the use of which is, so far as we have
yet learned, not at all understood.

These are from one inch to two inches in length, about half as
wide, and one-fourth of an inch, more or less in thickness, rounded in
outline at each end, but one end considerably more tapered than the
other, and in some cases rather pointed. They are very much in the
form of a flat-iron without the handle. (Fig.4, Pl. VII), represents the ©
convex side of one of them, 4a side view of same.)

The pottery seems to be of a somewhat different character from
that found in the mounds; more gray in color, and composed of earth
mixed with a small portion of pounded shells. Among these frag-
ments are frequently found the broken handles of the vessels, of which
we do not know of any having been found in the mounds in this part
of the country.

One flint arrow head only was found in each of the mounds from
which the other articles were taken.

On our way down the river, we spent a day in working out one of
a small group of

MOUNDS NEAR PINE CREEK,

on the edge of the bluff, on Mr. Lowry’s farm, about 18 miles below
this city.

Nothing of especial interest was observable in the structure of this
mound, except the occurrence of a considerable quantity of charcoal,
in fine fragments, which was scattered through it, as if mixed with
the earth of which the mound was composed, before it was placed
there. No ashes were to be seen.

At the depth of seven feet was found the frontal portion of a human
skull, which is shown on PI. VII, fig. 9, reduced one-half.

It is the remaind2r of a skull from which a number of circular
pieces have been cut, whether for ‘charms’ or for some other pur-
pose, of course we cannot tell. They were apparently sawed out with
some rude instrument, the circular cuts made in sawing out seven

LLO DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

such pieces being very distinctly shown, The rest of the missing por-
tion of the skull has no doubt been used up in the same way.

This bone is also remarkably well preserved, which would proba-
bly indicate that it had been long kept, and thoroughly dried before
being buried.*

No other bones were found in this mound, except a few scattering
fragments within two or three feet of the surface, and no weapons nor
relics of any kind whatever except a single small shell bead which
was found at the depth of about six feet, and which was doubtless ac-
cidentally dropped there.

QuERY.—Was this mound constructed for the sole purpose of pre-
serving and honoring this fragment of a human skull.

POSTSCRIPT.—OCTOBER 1875.

Having learned that some further explorations of the mounds at
Toolesboro had recently been made by the citizens of that place, I
went thither, in the interest of the Academy, to learn what discover-
ies had been the reward of their labors, and to examine the mounds
which had been opened.

I found that they had excavated four of those alluded to in my pre-
vious report as existing about three-fourths of a mile to the south of
those we opened last August.

Like the others, they are situated along the edge of the bluff over-
looking the Iowa River, and this locality is covered with a scattering
growth of oaks, six or eight inches in diameter, whose roots interfere
considerably in the work of excavation. The land is owned by J.J.
Parsons, Esq., who joined with Messrs. Joshua Sowash, George Shaw
Chas. Melrose, Wm. 8. Hobbs, Wm. Shafer, and Wm. Patterson in the
exploration which occupied six men and three teams for five days.

These mounds were similar in structure and appearance to those
previously explored and described.

The largest mound, and first opened, of this group, was about eight
feet high and forty in diameter, and in excavating it, which was done
principally with plow and scraper, they removed about 140 cubic
yards of earth, leaving a small portion on two sides undisturbed.

_ At the bottom of this mound was found a thin layer of sand, which
was at or about the natural grade of the original surface.

On this floor were discovered a copper “axe”, weighing almost
exactly two and a half lbs., the largest we have seen, and of different
form, as shown at Pl. V. Fig. 19. Also a thin, flat bone instrument,
having a hole in it as if for a string to suspend it by, and supposed to
have been used as a knife, though it scarcely could have been a very
sharp one, (figured at Pl. VII, Fig. 6, 4 size) and several round stones,
and portions of several skeletons.

The next mound opened was of about half the size of the first and

*For a discussion of the subject of relics of this character, see ‘‘ Cranial Amu-
lets,” by Dr. J. Bertillon, in the Popular Science Monthiy, of September, 1875.

PRATT ON TOOLESBORO MOUNDS. 111

contained no indications of a floor of any kind. Here were found five
copper “ awls’—figured on Plate VI, one copper axe, (No. 20, Pl. V,)
flat on both sides, and with square edges; a carved pipe of mottled red
pipe-stone, and representing a panther or lynx—(No. 11, Pl. IV,) seve-
ral flint arrows, and a large lump of galena.

In the third, which was also a small mound, was a considerable
quantity of pottery, hopelessly broken up, and a number of pieces of
horn several inches in length, one and a quarter inches in diameter
and rounded over one end asif used as a pestle, (fig. 4, Pl. VII), formed
probably from the horns of the elk.

The fourth mound, which was about five or six feet high, and twen-
ty-five by fifty in diameter, contained a great quantity of human bones,
from within two and a half feet down to the depth of six feet from the
surface, but no skulls were secured, as all were very fragile and much
crumbled. From all the data accessible, I could form no estimate of
the probable number of skeletons buried there.

From this mound was taken an unfinished pipe, (No: 12, Pl. IV), of
a soft whitish stone, probably unfit for the purpose, and perhaps aban-
doned on that account.

Several of the horn implements like those in the third mound were
also found here.

All these articles were kindly donated to the Academy by the
seven gentlemen above mentioned, and are now in its collection.

Mound Explorations in 1875.
BY CLARENCE LINDLEY.

On the north side of Rock River, opposite the town of Milan, Rock
Island, [linois, and on a high ridge, one fourth of a mile from the
river, is a group of mounds arranged in two rows, meeting at right
angles like the letter J. This arrangement was probably the result
of the configuration of the ridge. Late in the spring, in company
with several others, I explored one of this group. The mound exam-
ined was 9 feet 7 inches high and about 30 feet wide at the base.
The soil of which it was composed, was principally yellow clay. Near
the surface we found several very large flat stones, lying on their flat
sides. There was nothing of particular interest in this mound, unless
it was the position of the bodies—which, as near as we could detect,
were, without exception, with the head west and the feet east.

On this same ridge, near the famous Black Hawk’s Tower, is a lone
mound, removed from all other groups. Its dimensions were about
the same as the above, and dense woods surround and cover it. There
was one tree at least 244 feet in circumference growing on its very
summit. We found that this mound also contained surface stones of
large dimensions One in particular we noticed was four feet long

112 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

and almost three feet wide. The bodies were found on the floor of the
mound and occupied the same position as those first examined. Be-
tween the broken pieces of one of the skulls we found a very sharp-
pointed arrow head. )

About a quarter of a mile from the lone mound, on the same ridge,
isa group of mounds, thirty-seven innumber. We opened two of these.
They both contained flat surface stones. The soil of one was so dry
that the wind blew large quantities of it away. Intermingled with
this dry soil was charcoal. When we came to the bodies, they were
all disfigured by fire, the edges of the fragments of skulls being in
part charcoal. Neither were the bones in the same position as in the
other mounds.

At the foot of this ridge, near the river, are three groups of mounds.
We examined the group farthest down the river. This group con-
tains four mounds. They are on a slight elevation, within ten yards
of the river. The soil of these was black loam, mixed with clam
shells (Unios, etc.) They all contained surfaee stones, though not of
such large dimensions as those on the hill. We first examined the
mound farthest up the river. The bodies were found in the same po-
sition as in the first-described mounds, with the exception of the re-
mains of an infant, which lay north-west and. south-east. The next
mound we did not examine. (It was afterwards explored by Mr.
Tiffany.)'

Directly under the surface stones of the third mound, of this group
we found three skeletons, with an arrow-head among the rib bones of
each one. Four feet below these bodies were some more stones, and
under these stones were four skeletons.

The fourth mound was the most interesting of this group. This
mound, as well as the others was about six feet high and thirty five
feet across the base. When we reached the floor of the mound we
found five skeletons all stretched out east and west. The middle one
was somewhat larger in frame than the others and the arms were stretch-
ed out nearly to full length. Near the fingers of the right hand was a
flint spear head five inches long, and twenty-one arrow-heads. At the
feet was an earthen vase; near the shoulders and breastbone were two
polished stones, about six inches long. By the side of one jaw-bone
was a small boulder with one side polished. Near the other jaw-bone,
and a little higher up, was a piece of worked deer-bone resembling a
knife-handle, near this knife-handle were several bones of some ani-
mal, and the jaw-bone of a deer

In Muscatine County, Iowa, two miles above Pine Creek, on a very
high ridge is a group of mounds six in number. One that we opened
was composed of yellow clay. There were no surface stones, but we
found river shells and some charcoal. The position of the bodies was
east and west as in the mounds on Rock River. We found forty-one
beads among the remains.

LINDLEY ON MOUND EXPLORATIONS. 113

On the slope of this ridge is another group of mounds forming an
irregular circle. We opened one of these mounds which was about
fifteen feet high and one hundred feet wide at its base. We found no
stones on the surface, but about four feet below there were two layers
of flat stones. Between two of these large stones, and in a cavity of
the lower one, we found a large jet black arrow-head. There was a
broken skull in this mound the thickness of which was at least half an
inch. One of the leg bones was notched as though it had been re-
peatedly struck with some sharp instrument.

About half a mile below Pine Creek is another group of mounds,
about fifteen in number, all on a high ridge. One of them is almost
twenty feet high. A little north of this mound are two elongated
mounds about four feet high, five feet wide, and twenty feet long. We
opened one of the conical mounds. No surface stones were found, but
within two feet of the surface was two-thirds of an earthen vase. Af.-
ter digging fourteen feet we found the remains of six persons. They
were arranged converging around a large sea-shell, (Cassis Madagas-
cwrensis), the feet all being inward next the shell, and the heads out-
ward.

We examined two mounds in Whiteside County, Ill., on the Mis-
sissippi river, opposite Clinton, Iowa. The soil was sandy. The
bodies were almost entirely decayed and were lying north and south.
In one of the mounds we found a skinning knife, of stone.

Mound Explorations in 1875.
BY A. S. TIFFANY.
APRIL.

1st. Explored a mound on Capt. Hall’s place, near Davenport, as-
sisted by Messrs. Pratt and Hume. Two days’ work resulted in a
copper axe, covered with cloth, a stone pipe, four arrow-heads, one
worked bone and a broken crock.

2d. Made further explorations at the Cremation Mound described
on page 64, assisted by 8. P. Stevens, Esq. with satisfactory results
in regard to construction.

3d. Explored mound in Buffalo Township, assisted by 8. P. Stev-
ens, Esq. This mound has been worked in many years ago. We
found a small wheel, like a pulley wheel, made of burned clay and
pounded shells, (Pl. VILI, fig. 5,) a stone pipe of red pipe-stone, [PI.
tig. 6,] three sea shells, (Cassis Madagascwrensis) nearly decomposed, as
were also the bones.

4th. In a mound at Gilbert found one arrow-head.

5th. Explored two mounds in Rockingham, assisted by Messrs.
Stevens, Pratt and Lindley. We found only the decomposed bones of
about twelve individuals in each mound.

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vor. I. [16] APREL, 1876.

114 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,

MAY.
6th. Examined two mounds in Shabney Grove, Henry Co., T1., as-
sisted by F. Lucket, finding a small flint knife. Two cremation
mounds previously explored were again examined. One has had bur-
ials since the burning.
JUNE.

7th. Explored a mound in Moline Township, assisted by C. Lind-
ley and G. W. French. Found only decomposed bones.
8th. Examined another mound in the same group, assisted by Mr.
Lindley, finding a stone axe with the decomposed bones.
9th. Explored two more mounds in Shabney Grove, Tll., assisted by
F. Lucket, finding four good skulls.
10th. Spent two days exploring one mound on Rock River, assist-
ed by G. W. French, finding a stone pipe, four skulls, a broken
crock, etc.
11th. Examined two more mounds i in the same locality and with
the same assistance, finding 22 stone net sinkers and six skulls.
JULY.
12th. Explored a mound near the mouth of Rock River, assisted
by 8S. F. Gilman, finding only decomposed bones.
AUGUST.
13th. Spent four days expJoring three mounds at Albany, [].,with
two hired assistants. We found sixty shell beads, one skull, two
marine shells (Cassis Madagascarensis), too much decomposed to bear
handling, and a broken crock.
SEPTEMBER.
14th. Examined a mound near Green River, Henry Co., Ill., as-
sisted by F. Lucket, finding nothing.
NOVEMBER.
15th. Explored another mound in Shabney Grove with F. Lucket,
finding decomposed bones—the remains of many interments.
DECEMBER.
16th. Explored a.mound in Gilbert, finding an arrow-head and
flint chips.
17th. Explored a mound near the mouth of Duck Creek, assisted
by 8S. P. Stevens, Esq. There had been fifteen interments, two lower
jaws and the molar tooth of a buffalo were obtained.

A Study of Skulls and Long Bones from Mounds near
Albany, Ill.

BY R. J. FARQUHARSON, M. D,
[Read before tne Academy January 28th, 1874.)

This lot of bones was obtained from mounds near Albany, Ill. The
topography, &c., of these mounds is given in a preceding paper by
Mr. Pratt, who conducted the explorations.

In the first place, an attempt was made by a rude analysis to arrive

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. TES

at the probable age of the bones. A small part of the middle portion
of one of the long bones was incinerated, with the following result:
Weight before incineration, thirty-eight grains; afterward, thirty
grains; loss, eight grains; equal to 20 per cent.

Mineral matter. Animal matter.

Fresh bone, (dry,) Berzelius................ 67 33
Mound-builder’s bone..................-.. 79 er
12 12

Now, as the lightness, or diminished specific gravity of these bones,
precludes the idea of an increase of the mineral matter, and also as we
know that, in certain conditions of soil, an actual loss of mineral mat-
ter takes place, we may safely infer that a considerable loss of animal
matter has here taken place; a loss even greater than what the above
figures would seem to indicate.

But, unfortunately, these data will not afford even an approximate
estimate as to the time since these bones were buried.

“In an old Roman frontal bone dug up from Pompeii, Dr. Davy
found 35.5 animal parts, and 64.5 earthy; and in the tooth of the mam-
moth 30.5 animal, and 69.5 earthy.” (Todd and Bowman’s Anatomy,
vol. 1, p. 105.)

Orfila, in his Exhumations Juridiques, (vol. 1, p. 350,) states that
bones buried in the cemetery of the Innocents, Paris, over six hundred
years, yielded, in analysis, 27 per cent. of gelatin and 10 per cent of
fat; while fresh ones yielded only 30 per cent. of gelatin, showing only
a slight alteration. On the other hand, bones exhumed from the
church-yard of Ste. Geneviéve, Paris, after a burial of over seven hun-
dred years, showed marked alteration, which he describes as follows:
Very brittle, of a purplish color; remarkable both for the absence of
animal matter and for the presence of the acid phosphate of lime. Un.
fortunately, no analysis of these changed bones is given.

TaB_E No. 1.—The plan of this table is taken from Foster’s work
on the prehistoric races of the United States, and the letters at the
heads of the columns refer to the same measurements. Four other
columns are, however, added, the first giving the capacities in cubic
inches; an important point omitted by Foster, probably trom the frag-
mentary nature of the skulls in his possession. The second and third
added columns give the distance of the occipital protuberance from
the posterior margin of the foramen magnum and the ratio of this dis-
tance to the long diameter of the skull. This is an important charac-
teristic of the mound-builder race, according to Dr. Wyman.

The fourth and last column gives the major and minor axes of the
foramen magnum in millimeters.

116 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCLENOES.

TABLE No. 1. i

|
|
]
|
|

g “s a , a) =
| *BP 2 ibe) | eo mF 2
= | | 8 eon oo | Az
= “ j= as eS
fatty jie opi bal ca SA) Se) as
@ Y Fe Nites “AS | 2. |@3'&¢
s |S lea |*Bl*c|*D/*E/3 | 3 a|s8 |3gic8
so J 2 Ss &.- ST es
2 B a \be Sh | 33 | see
a Ss) a; 2 lyee heeds
af <j a we ef iat —
= tH 3 ea eS ee
Sens (eer nie rt ew fa A fe 2
I. M-b./Imp} 21.5 {12 |10 (4.1 '8 5 4.8 72.75 2|)\ ae
Il. M-b.|Per|19 |12 |10 |4.125]6.5 5.5 |5.1 72.75 2 0.307 30x 28
Iul. M-b.|.do.| 19.5 |11.5/ 9 13.5 |6.6 [5.5 [5.1 62.35 2,3 | 0.348/39x 32
[V..M-b,|Imp] 19° 4100/8 18S 165) 16 5G Vises eh dice
V. M-b.|Per | 20 |115| 9.5/3.9 |6.6 |5.6 [5 81.40 2.4 | 0.363 |36x 32
VI. M-b.'Imp| 20 [12.51..../4.5 63 |..../6 SOLON) 201) BN EO Mics
VII. Sx|Per | 20.5 /12.5/10 [3.5 |7.1_ [5.1 [5.1 80.53 1.9 | 0.267/42x35
VIII. Sx|.do.| 21 [12 /10.5/4 —}'7.12515.5 | 5.1 76.20 22 | 0.310)40x 31
IX. Sxl.do.| 20 [11.5}9 |3 ‘7 |4.8.]5.12 | 76.20 2.1 | 0-300|38x 35
X. Av m@-b.| 19.8 |11.7| 9.3/3.93 |6.7 |5.6 | 5.1 72.31 2.2 | 0,328 |+.1122
XI. Av Sx...| 20.5 |12 | 9.8/3,50 |7.08 [5.1 [5.1 77. 64 2.0 | 0.284|+.1357

eS

+Square millimeters.

REMARKS.

I. Gapasity appr siaals, from imperfection. Ratio of short and long diameters, -
0.60 to 0.625.
Il. Ratio of short and long diameters, 0.846 to 0.784.
III. Skull, thick, and heavy, from former disease. Ratio of short and long diam-
eters, 0.833 to 0.772.
TV. Ratio of short and long diameters, 1 to 0.933.
V. Aged—molars all gone and alveoli absorbed. Ratio of short and long diam-
eters, 0.848 to 0.757.
VI. Ratio of short,and long diameters, 0.923 to 0.923.
VI{. Ratio of short and long diameters, 9.718 to 0.718.
VIIL. Ratio of short and long diameters, 0.771 to 0.715.
IX. Ratio of short and long diameters, 0 685 to 0.732
X. Katio of short and long diameters, 0.836 to 0.761.
XI. Ratio of short and long diameters, 0.725 to 0.725.

*A. The horizontal circumference in the plane of a line joining the glabella wit
-the occipital protuberance. :

*B. The longitudinal arc from the nasal depression along the middle line of the
_skull to the gccipital tuberosity.

*C. From the level ol the glabello-occipital line on each side, across the middle

of the sagittal suture to the same point on the opposite side.

*D. The vertical height from tne glabello-occipital line.

*E. he extreme longitudinal measurement.

*F, The extreme transverse measurement.

Tas.LeEe No. 2.—In this table an attempt is made (by means of an-
other table of the comparative lengths of the various long bones in a
series ot skeletons, given in Orfila’s Exhumations Juridiques) to ar
rive at some idea of the stature of the mound-builders, but the conclu-
sions are very imperfect, perhaps necessarily so. Enough was learned,
however, to safely warrant the conclusion that none of the bones ex-
amined belonged to an individual much, if any, higher than six feet,
thus doing away with the assumption, made by some persons at the
time of the exhumation, that some of the mound-builders were giants.

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUTLDERS. ly 9

TABLE No. 2.—Stature estimated from length of bones.

| E = F €F | at
= am |}
Pa E E 26 | 32 |
lo | Sa\Sal"s S’o |
4 |\O@ Oe Oly Tet
Race. Bone. |e} aeleslSo -| 2 | Remarks,
m2) Ho|xo|Sun) Os |
la | “Aa eas! = 8 |
& | & (8 |B 5) te |
Io jw |S |Sog| a2 |
im) 2 —
xe = 8 a
Mound-builder, Femur 46 | 80/29 | 1.77 | 5.1L |} Neck of femur leng and not
} oblique.
Mound-bnilder.,...do.....45%)| 3028 | i.71 , 5.09
SHOWK. J. shed sic. do..../45 | 3329 | 1.67 | 5.07 | Belongs to Sioux skull, No. 2
Monndcbuilder do". 33,22 | 1.49 | 5.00
Mound-builder, |. | .-|@) Se .., A fragment, upper half.
SHITE Uee, SRG Oe i 38 | 3628 | 1.69 | 5.08 | Belongs to Sioux skull, No. 2.
Mound- builder | (3) | 186 6.00 |
Mound-builder,|...do.. als ~ bisheehe | 1.83 | 6.62 |
Mound-builder,|...do..../33 |..... | (3)! 1.80 | 6.00 |
Mound-builder,|).. do....)31 | ..... ie: 1.67 | 5.07
6.00 Belongs to Sioux skull, No. 2.

oT Se do sn Ayat (3) | 1.80 |

|
| | }

: i The total length of the body is made out by adding two inches to that of the
skeleton.

2. These diameters, taken near the middle of the length of the tibia, and at its
most prominent part, show its flatness and the comparative sharpness of the shin-
bones.

3. From an average of five skeletons in the table having a humerus measuring
33 centimeters. Here it may be remarked that in the French table there is a great-
er disparity in the height of the skeleton. ia regard to the humerus, than either to
the femur or tibia, one skeleton of 1.86 meters having a humerus of only 33 centi-
meters.

The skulls and long bones of the modern Indians used in the com-
parative measurements in these tables, were those of male Sioux Indi-
ans from Minnesota, who died in this vicinity, while in captivity on
account of their complicity with the massacre in-that State, so that
there can be no doubt of-their identity.

It only remains to remark, in conclusion, that an unusual number
of perfect sets of teeth weze-found in the mounds examined. These
teeth are invariably without any signs of decay, of almost flinty hard-
ness, and very much worn away, apparently from the attrition of very
hard particles in the food, probably the siliceous outer coats of some
kind of grain or seeds.

Recent Archaeological Discoveries at Davenport, Iowa, of
Copper Axes, Cloth, ete., Supposed to have come
down to us from a Pre-Historic People,
called the Mound-Builders.

BY R. J. FARQUHARSON, M. D.

} {Read April 9th, 1875.]
The subject I have chosen for a paper to-night, is that of the cop-
per relics and specimens of cloth, supposed to have come down to us
from a pre-historic people, called the Mound-builders.

118 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

These specimens, of great, and in the case of the cloth, I might add,
of unique value, in an archaeological view, are now on the shelves of
our little museum, through the generous liberality of the Reverend
Mr. Gass, and of Mr. Smith.

Though somewhat familiar to many of you, it may perhaps be ad-
visable to freshen your memories again, by some mention of the de-
tails of this rich and remarkable archaeological find. The following
is taken partly from persona] observation on the spot, but mainly
from the account of the matter, furnished the daily papers by Mr.
Gass.

SITE OF THE MOUNDS, (Plate I.)

This is well shown by the accompanying map, for which I am in-
debted to the kindness of Mr. W, H. Pratt, a member of our academy,
and a most diligent worker in this and kindred branches of natural
science. The mounds are situated about one mile below the city of
Davenport, on the immediate bank of the Mississippi River, having a
general bearing of N. E. and S. W., or nearly parallel to the course of
the river at this point, and distant, from high water mark, 250 feet.
As will be seen by the map, all these mounds are placed on a strip of
ground whose average surface is only 8 to 12 feet above high water
mark, thus disproving the assertion of a late writer (Mr. Alexander
Delmar, in the Independent of May 20, 1875) that, “when the Mound-
builders inhabited the Mississippi Valley, the deep alluvial deposits
of rich black mold, which now renders that section of the country so
fruitful, did not exist’’; and also the older one of Squier’s, that “ none
of these works (the mounds) occur in the lowest forms of the river
terraces, which mark the subsidence of the western streams,....while
they raised them promiscuously on all the others.”

MOUND NO. 1. (Plate II, Fig. 1).

The first or upper mound, (a single mound, though apparently
double on the surface) had a diameter of thirty and a height of
four or five feet.

The layers, from above downward, are, Ist, a foot of earth; then a
layer of stones, one and a half feet thick, [these stones came
from the river and were nicely joined]; then a layer of shells, two
inches thick; then a foot of earth; then, finally, a second layer of
shells four inches thick ; immediately under which [7. e. at the depth of
five feet] the skeletons, all of adults, five in number were found.

The skeletons were lying in a horizontal position, parallel and
near together; three lay from E. to W. and so that the skull of one
rested upon the shoulder [7. ¢. en echélon] of the next; the fourth and
fifth lay in the opposite direction, the heads to the W. and the feet to
the E. [Plate II, Fig. 1].

With the first three, or those with the heads to the E., no relics
were found; while with the last two, or those with heads to the W. all
the following interesting objects were found:—tIst, a large sea-shell,

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 119

[Pyrula perversa| with the axis and inner whorls removed: 2d, two
copper axes, Nos. 6 and 8 [Plate V, Figs. 6 and 8,] very nearly alike in
weight and form; they were found back to back [7. e. with the flat
surfaces in contact], they were both covered with cloth, which was
removed when the surface was unfortunately scraped, on the spot, by
a knife; fragments of it, spared by the cleaning, being now visible; 3d,
one copper awl; 4th, one flint arrow-head, and 5th, two pipes,
one frog-pipe, [Plate IV, Fig. 5]. and one plain one.

The skeletons appeared, when first exposed, to be in a good state
of preservation, but fell to pieces when removed.

MOUND NO. 2, (Plate II, Fig. 2).

This was about one hundred feet 8. W. of the first, and like
it in outward form and arrangement, but the interior was quite differ-
ent, in having no layers of shells, but several layers of stones, with
a few scattered shells; at a depth of five feet, eight skulls*, with
some fragments of bones were unearthed; these were lying in a semi-
circle of five feet diameter, and each skull was surrounded by a
circle of stones, of the size of a small fist. From the position of the
skulls and bones it was evident these eight bodies had been buried in
a sitting posture. Inthis mound were found the following articles: 1st,
two copper axes, Nos. 9 and 10, [Plate V., Figs. 9 and 10]; two small
hemispheres of copper: also one of silver, probably ear pendants,
[Plate VI, Figs. 19, 20, 21]; 3d, one bear’s canine tooth; 4th, an ar-
row-head ; 5th, a mass of red pigment; and 6th, the bones of a small
snake, [probably accidental.] From mound No. 2 came the two frag-
ments of skulls.

MOUND NO. 3, (Plate II, Fig. 3).

This, the largest of the series, was one hundred and twenty
feet 8. W. of the last described.

Of this, the Rev. Mr. Gass (the explorer), says: “ The outer and inner
arrangements were quite similar to the first.’ But his further description
shows that it was not, no layers of stones, nor of shells being mentioned.

At a depth of one and a half feet were found two adult skeletons
lying in a horizontal posture, from the freshness of the bones, and also
of some oak wood covering them, as well as from the accompanying
relics, glass beads, a fire-steel, a clay pipe, and a silver ear-ring—this
was supposed to be an intrusive burial of late period. Two of the
bones from these skeletons, a femur and a tibia, curiously mutilated
with a sharp-edged instrument are preserved in the Museum of our
Academy. Beneath these at a depth of six feet, and under a thin layer
of ashes were found the bones of two adults, and of one young infant.
The posture of the adults is not given by the explorer, nor their rela-
tion to the infant bones, these latter, however, were covered over with
a great many copper beads of various shapes and sizes, [Plate VI, figs.
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,] and by them were dyed of adeep green color;

*Plate II, Fig. 2, the artist has drawn five instead of eight skulls and skeletons.

120 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

they were also surrounded by a circle of small red stones, arranged
like the rays of the sun.

Besides the beads and stones were here found the following lot of
articles, viz: 1st, five copper axes, Nos. 1, 2, 3,4, 5, [Plate V, figs. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5,) all covered more or less with cloth. 2d. Two carved stone
pipes, one plain, and one having the form of a ground-hog, [PI. IV,
fig. 4. 3d. Many teeth of animals, several canines of the bear, one
with holes drilled and polished, Pl. VII, fig. 2,] the incisors of small
gnawers, musk-rat, gopher, etc.; the enamel from the incisors of a
large gnawer, probably the beaver. 4th. One arrow head, three bro-
ken pots, with bones of the river turtle adhering to the insides of the
tragments. 5th. Two pieces of galena. 6th. Yellow pigment.

MOUND NO. 4, (Plate II, Fig. 4.)

This was two-hundred and fifty feet S. W. of the last, and of
au simple structure, containing neither stone nor shell layers; at a
depth of six feet, and under a layer of 6 inches of ashes, were
found four adult skeletons lying close together, with which were no
relics save one copper axe. ‘“ In the earth, on which they lay, tt could be
distinctly seen that they had been enveloped in cloth or some woven material,
and at a depth of four feet was a round heap or altar, three feet high, of
stones nicely joined together.” As stated above, the only relic here
found, was the copper axe, (No. 7, Pl. V).

MOUND NO. 5, (Plate ITI, Fig. 5).

This was distant one hundred feet W. from No.1. In size and in-
ternal arrangement it much resembled No. 2—7. e. with no strata of
shells, but several layers of stones, with loose shells between them.

After some five feet of stones, shells, and earth had been cleared
away, a skeleton was unearthed, upon which was a six inch ‘layer of
hard clay. Upon closer examination it appeared, that the bones were
the remains of two skeletons, for several ribs, and pieces of skull, and
four thigh bones lay together in a little heap; and somewhat to one
side of them were a few bones of the arm, some ribs, and a lower jaw.
Three feet further to the N. W., and at the same level was a round
heap of stones, about four feet high, like that found in No. 4,(Plate ITI,
Fig. 5, A). On this lay two very strong thigh bones and three ribs,
placed diagonally across each other. There were also a few bones
leaning against the heap at one side. The stones were partly burned
to lime, and all of them showed more or less the marks of fire, while
the bones in the mound showed not the slightest trace of it. A few
pieces of charcoal also were found by these stones, as in two previous
mounds, and the heap was doubtless an altar of sacrifice.

Four or five feet to the 8. of this altar was found a large quantity
of the remains of human bones, in such complete confusion, as if they
had been only scattered there. Three feet further 8., under a six inch
layer of shells, were found two broken pots, one arrow-head, a finely
wrought stone pipe, and a few stone implements—whetstones,

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 121

Four feet further 8. lay another skeleton, from E. to W., and six
inches above its skull a copper axe, No. 11, (Plate V, fig. 11). In this
mound, in addition, were found some animal teeth, incisors of small
rodents, canine of the bear, and a circular piece of the human cranium,
(Plate VII, fig. 8) one inch in diameter, from the squamous portion of
the temporal bone, evidently the work of art and strangely recalling
the rondelles of pre-historic trephining, exhibited in France,’ last
summer

MOUND NO. 6, (Plate II, fig. 6.)

This was about one hundred feet 8. W. of No. 5. It was smaller in
circuit and lower than the others, it also contained fewer stones, but
more shells than the others. The skeletons in this lay scarcely three
and a half feet deep. Here again the bones of the same parts of the
body, and of the limbs lay, often several feet apart. Those of only
one skeleton (or at most two) lay in natural order. There may have
been four bodies in all, but it was impossible to determine the matter
definitely. The following articles were found in this mound: two
broken pots, a stone pipe, a stone knife, and an arrow-head.

MOUND NO. 7, (Plate ITI, fig. 7).

This was a small mound, out of the line of the others, being fifty
feet W. of No. 6. It was like No. 6 in size, but different from it in
having a layer of stones, and under that, a thin layer of shells. Three
and a half feet beneath the latter were found some fragments of bones
almost entirely crumbled to dust, and two pots, one broken but the
other almost entire, (Plate VIII, fig. 2) with some arrow-heads.

MOUND NO. 8, (Plate III, fig. 8.)

This mound, somewhat larger and higher than the average of the
others, was distant two hundred feet, 8. W. of No.6, (¢. e in the general
line or range.) After four anda half feet of stone, earth and shells,
had been removed, two skeletons, [supposed to be those of an adult fe-
male and of a child,] were discovered. They lay near together and
from E. to W. On the right side of the large skeleton were two broken
pots, eight pieces of galena, two small arrow heads, and a number of
smaller and larger stones of various shapes and colors, which were
laid in a jagged or star-like circle. Here also was found a piece of
mica, six inches long by three and a half inches wide. Over and
around all these articles was a loam of some decayed material. They
had probably been surrounded and covered with some light protecting
stuff, as was most plainly to be seen in the case of the pots.

MOUND NO. 9, [Plate III, fig. 9.]
This mound was distant one hundred feet N. by W. from No. 1.
This had been reduced both by cultivation and hauling away the
dirt, (over two hundred wagon loads being taken), thus taking away
probably three or four feet in depth.
Proc. D..A: N.S. Vou. I. [17] APRIL, 1876.

122 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Near the present surface, a few shells and also afew scattered
stones were found. About three and a half feet down, two skeletons
were found in a horizontal position, lying from E. to W., bones very
much decomposed. The skull of the western skeleton was preserved
and is No. 8 of our collection, one-half of the lower jaw was found
three feet from the skull, the other half could not be found.

The other skull four feet to the E. was so broken and tender as to
fall to pieces, the lower jaw, however, which was in place, is preserved
and is sound, being much stained by copper axe No. 12, [No.6 of pho-
tographed series]. [Plate V, fig. 12, and also wood cut.]

The cut stone pipe, No. 7, Pi. lV, was found between the bodies. The
Obsidian arrow head, [PI]. X, fig. 2,] and the flakes of the same, and three
small arrow heads of white flint or chert, [figs. 3 and 4, Pl. X, and fig.
2, Pl. [X,] were in close proximity to the second, or stained skull. A
small tinted arrow head was found two feet nearer the surface. One
earthen pot, entirely broken up was found near the second skull.

In this mound was also found the implement made from a part of
the scapula of a large river turtle, probably used as a spoon, or rather
a spatula or skimmer.

In several of these mounds, broken pottery was found scattered be-
tween the surface and the deeper parts, where the bones were found,
as if pots had been placed in the surfaces of the mounds, as well as
within.

It was remarked by the explorers that in some cases of horizontal
burial, the faces of the bodies were turned downwards.

As the Rev. Mr. Gass was this summer [1875] passing by mound
No. 3, he noticed that the earth at the edges of the excavation of 1874
had been much washed by the recent rains, and saw protruding, the
curious copper implement, shaped like a spoon, which will be des-
cribed further along. (Plate VI, fig. 22.)

DESCRIPTION OF THE AXES, (Plate V.)

Though so called none of them approach the common axe in shape,
a more appropriate name would be chisels or wedges, they vary much
in size; ranging in length from three and a half to seven and a half
inches, and in thickness from a quarter to fifteen-sixteenths of an
inch, and also in weight ranging from 0.42 pound av. to 2.49 pound
Some have the true wedge shape, with flat sides, while others are
plano-conyex, that is with one flat, and one rounded side. They are
all smallest at one end, while at the opposite or cutting end, they have
their greatest diameter, which is always also rounded.

These axes are all made from native copper by hammering, and in
some of them the original lamellz are shown by the scales which have
escaped the action of the hammer. None of them show any evidence
of ever having been cast or fused; though castings are said to exist in
some collections, yet when we consider the high fusing point of cop-
per, near 2,000° F., this fact would seem to have placed the casting of

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 123

copper out of the somewhat rude arts of the mound-builders. One of
the copper beads was dissolved in nitric acid, and this tested for silver,
but with a negative result. Native silver does exist in many speci-
mens of Lake Superior copper, but it is not as an alloy, but as distinct
crystals, and very sparsely disseminated through the mass.

As you are aware, authorities on Archaeology, arrange the succes-
sion of ages of pre-historic man in Europe, as stone, then bronze, and
then iron, the copper age being absent.

Morlot says: ‘‘ But the question arises, whether, previous to the
discovery of bronze, man, owing to the great scarcity of tin, may not
have begun by using copper in a pure state. If so, there would have
been a copper-age, between the stone-age and the iron-age.”’ Again
he remarks: “In Europe the remains of a copper-age are wanting.
Here and there a solitary hatche tof pure copper has been found.
But this can be accounted for by the greater frequency of copper, while
tin had usually to be brought from a greater distance, so that its supply
was more precarious.”

“ As Europe did not witness the regular developement of a copper-
age, it seems, according to Mr. Troyon’s very just remark, that the art
of manufacturing bronze was brought from some other part of the
world, where it had been previously invented.’’*

Indeed, it is generally taught, that our Aryan ancestors brought
bronze with them from India; this they may have done, but neverthe-
less, quite recent discoveries show that there was a copper-age in Eu-
rope, and that at an earlier period than the migration of the Aryans.
As the copper-age must have preceeded the bronze-age in the other
hemisphere, or the old world, as it is commonly termed, it may be ad-
missible here to fix the age of the oldest bronze implement ever found,
that is, whose age can be definitely solved. A few years ago, in 1870,
I think, a bronze hook was found walled up in a secret crypt or cham-
ber of the Pyramid of Cheops; now the age ot this pyramid has been
determined by two writers, each by a separate and distinct mode.
According to Bunsen, Cheops, the builder of this pyramid, reigned in
the 34th century B. c. According to Mohamed Bey, an Egyptian as-
tronomer, 3300 years B.c., the rays of Sirius fell perpendicularly, at
culmination, on the southern face of the pyramid, which is inclined
52.5° to the horizon. Now the copper implements, I shall soon men-
tion, must be of a period previous to 3300 B. c., and though found in
the Grecian Archipelago, and in Asia Minor, were in countries too
near to, and too closely connected with Egypt, to be either subse quent
in date, or contemporaneous with the above.

Of course, I allude to the magnificent discovery of vast quantities
of copper arms and implements in and under the site of Ancient Troy:

Now, though some learned scholars doubt this being a discovery
of the ancient city of the Iliad, yet no one doubts the facts of the ex-

*A late writer, quotedin The Poqular Science Monthly for April 1875 gives Asia
Minor as the the birth place of bronze.

124 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

cavations themselves, nor the existence of the copper implements,
which, with those of other metals, amount to hundreds in number,
have been seen and described by hundreds of persons, and in them-
selves constitute a very fine museum, described and depicted in a mag-
nificent folio work, recently published by the indefatigable Doctor.
But even before Dr. Schlieman found copper implements at and under
the site of Troy, they had been found in Europe. Between the years
1868 and 1871, on the islands of Theresia and Thera (modern Santorin)
four houses were unearthed by Professor .Fouquet and others, of the
French Institute. These houses had stone walls, cemented with earth,
and were covered by strata of voicanic ashes and pumice stone, 68
feet thick. In these houses many implements of pure copper were
found. Now according to geologists, the central volcano, the only
one whose ashes and pumice stones could have covered these houses,
has been extinct since 2000 years B.c. I make the following extract
from an article in the Augsburg Gazette, by Dr. Schlieman, being a re-
ply to Professor Conze, who, in a lecture before the Austrian Museum,
had cast doubts upon the idea that the ruins of Dr. Schlieman could
be those of the Troy of Homer. Dr. 5. says:

“In the second place, the age of the four houses discovered in The-
resia and Thera is proved by the implements of pure copper found
there.

“ Except at Troy, where I found arms, implements, and vessels of
the purest copper, immediately under the Greek Ilion, no such instru-
ments have been found by explorers, even in the oldest settlements of
Italy or Greece.”

“ As regards the royal treasures of Troy, which in Professor Conze’s
opinion, are of very recent origin, (belonging to Roman times there-
fore) there is positive proof that they may date back to the remotest
times;—for the many battle-axes, lances and daggers found with the
treasure; the key of the chest; the great embossed shields; the large
and small stew-pans; and the long, thick plate (with its two immov-
able wheels) which seem to have been psed as hinges, and which was
certainly fastened to the chest, and to which a silver vase clings, mol.
ten by fire; all of these objects are of the purest copper, which has
been found heretofore only in Siberia, and which is least of all to be
sought for in Greek and Roman ruins.”

But let us return to our copper implements.

Where did the mound-builders get their copper? It undoubtedly
came from the region of Lake Superior, for though detached masses of
native copper have been found in various parts of the United States,
yet the vestiges of ancient mining are so evident at Lake Superior, and
the quantity there known to have been mined by such rude processes
as fracture with stone-hammers, and disintegration by the action of
fire and water is too great to permit us to seek for any other source.

The ancient mines were on the Ontonagon river, near the present

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUJLDERS. 125

Minnesota mine, at several places in Keeweenaw Point, and also on
the fingers, as they are called, of Isle Royale. Considering the huge
masses of copper got out by the ancient miners in the Superior region,
some of which were detached, but almost in sight, it is surprising
how few copper implements have been found in the mounds, or were
known to have been in the hands of the Indians, at any time,since the
discovery of the country. This subject will however, be more fully
treated of presently.

The earliest accounts of copper in the Lake Superior region are

found in the journal of the Jesuit missionaries. The following quota-
tions from the journals of the Reverend Father Claude <Allonez, are
taken from Foster & Whitney’s report on the mineral region of Lake
Superior. The Rev. Father says: “ [It happens frequently that pieces
of copper are found, weighing from ten to twenty pounds. I have
seen such pieces in the hands of the savages, and since they are very
superstitious they esteem them as divinities, or as presents given to
them to promote their happiness by their gods, who dwell beneath the
water. For this reason they preserve these pieces of copper wrapped
up in their most precious articles. In some families they have been
kep: for more than fifty years, in others, they have descended from
time out of mind,—being cherished as domestic gods.”
_ Again the Rev. Father, at the Grand Council at Sault St. Marie, in
May, 1671, when speaking of Louis XIV, and his greatness, said to the
Indians there assembled: ‘‘ What shall I say of his riches? You think
yourselves rich when you have ten or twelve sacks of corn, and hatch-
ets, and kettles, and other things of the kind.

“Tn each city are shops containing hatchets enough to cut all your
wood, kettles enough to cook all your caribou, and sugar enough to
fill all your wigwams.”’;

Of course the probability is that the hatchets mentioned were
neither of copper nor of stone, but it shows that hatchets were esti-
mated highly in the order of riches. Now I think the so-called cop-
per axes from the mounds were not axes, in the proper sense of that
term, that is to say, hat they were never used as such, but were kept
as treasures, or possibly as insignia of rank. The form of the oblong
chisel or wedge, with a flaring rounded edge being taken from that of
some implement in actual or former use. Just as with us, the badges
of the highest rank, the royal sceptre and the baton of the field-mar-
shal are nothing more or less than ornamented truncheons, or cudgels,
made of ivory or the precious metals. Again the implement in the
hands of the chief officers of deliberative bodies. such as our Congress
or the British Parliament is nothing but a hammer; while for the
same purposes of order the French use a bell. Insupport of the above
proposition, I would meation the following facts:

In our collection of twenty axes, there are several obviously too
light for use as tools, indeed none are heavy enough to be efficient as

126 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

such; none show any signs of usage, as indented edges, etc.; not one
bears the mark across its surface of having been imbedded in a wood-
en helve, as in the case of a copper axe described and figured by Col.
Jones in his work on the Antiquities of the Southern Indians. Again,
though copper is somewhat hardened by hammering, the edges of
these axes are not notably harder than other parts, and the known la-
mellar nature of the Lake Superior copper would prevent any great
degree of hardening. I may here also mention that among these
axes none show any signs of having been cast, as isthe case with some
implements in the Perkins collection mentioned by Foster.

In regard to the abundance or scarcity of copper implements at
any former time in America, Mr. Charles Rau, a recent and able writer
on the subject, holds the opinion, that they were never of sufficient
abundance as implements, or such widely extended use as to have mod-
ified in any manner the civilization of the continent, or in other
words, that there never was a true copper-age in America. And this
opinion, I think is correct, at least according to the extent of my read-
ing on the subject, though not in: accordance with my former impres-
sions, or the commonly accepted views of others.

I shall conclude my remarks on copper, by quoting from various
authorities, to show the quantity of copper implements (axes espe-
cially) now in various museums; and also the use or possession of
them by the Indians since the appearance of white men among them.

Rau states [Smithsonian Report 1872] that “the age of stone, and
that of iron, meet almost without an intervening link, for the so-called
North American “copper-period”’ was of little practical significance.”

He also states somewhere, but I have mislaid the reference and
quote from memory, that during his ten years’ residence at St. Louis,
though engaged all the while earnestly in archaeological research, he
was unable to procure a single copper axe. In 1870 the Smithsonian
Institution had only seven copper objects, one of which was an axe.

There are two very large private collections of objects from
mounds, in the city of Maysville, Ky., whose neighborhood is very rich
in relics, here among over 4000 objects, not a single copper-axe is
mentioned.

In the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology there must be
few, if any, copper axes, as no mention is made of any in the reports
in our library, up to 1873. One copper axe is described, as above
stated, by Col. Jones, in his large collection from Georgia and
Florida.

Dr. Jones of New Orleans, though sometimes finding small copper
ornaments in his extensive explorations of the mounds and stone
graves of Tennessee, makes little or no mention of copper axes.

Foster describes and figures but three copper axes, one from the
Chicago Academy of Sciences’ coilection, [since destroyed] and two
from the German Natural History Society’s Museum of Milwaukee.

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 127

The largest collection of copper implements in this country seems
to be that of Mr. F. 8. Perkins, of Burlington, Wisconsin; this con
tains 60 specimens, of which 6 are axes, or chisels, as they are called
by Foster, in his description of them.

Our collection embraces, at present, 20 copper axes; eleven, awls or
borers, 2 ear-pendants; and a large number—over 200—copper beads.
COPPER AMONG THE INDIANS.

Sir Walter Raleigh observed copper ornaments in the hands of the
Indians of the Atlantic coast, though according to Col. Jones none
have ever been found in the numerous mounds opened on the coasts
of Carolina, Georgia and Florida.

The historian of the expedition of Fernando de Soto makes specific
mention of copper implements but. once, and that was of some chop-
ping knives at Cutipachiqui, which were thought to have a mixture of
gold intthem. Cabeza de Vaca, who, you will remember, traversed the
the whole continent, from the Atlantic coast of Florida, to the Pacific
coast of Mexico, mentions only two copper articles as seen by him,
one a bell-shaped object, in Florida and another, shaped like a bird’s
head, in Texas.

Another writer, Garcilasso de la Vega, mentions among articles
seen in Florida, copper hatchets, bands of copper, and copper spind
les, with which, when heated, the natives bored holes in pearls.

Coming down more than a century-—that is, toward the end of the
17th century, we find Hennepin, when descending the Mississippi, en-
tertained by a chief, on the right bank of the river, [probably of the
Tensas, a branch of the Natchez] who was preceded by two attend-
ants bearing a large plate of burnished copper. I shall conclude the
subject of copper now, by merely mentioning the fact, that the Indi-
ans of our extreme north-western province, Alaska, were in possession
of copper ornaments, when first discovered by white men, toward the
close of the last century.

La Perouse, the great French explorer, speaking of the Thinkleets,
says: “They excel in the working of stone and copper, making neck-
laces, bracelets and rings (probably of the latter) and they can also
forge iron.”

Capt. Cook speaks of having seen in the hands of a neighboring
tribe, the Nootkas, ‘a painted and ornamented plate of native copper,
116 feet by 214 feet, kept with great care in a wooden case, also elabor-
ately ornamented. It was the property of the tribe at Fort Rupert, and
was highly prized, and only brought out on great occasions, though
its use was not discovered.

*The early Russian explorers mention the same facts as to copper,
which is in frequent use as ornaments at present, especially in the cu-
rious labret, which is worn in the lips of the women, and is often of
great size. This copper comes, in all probability, from some part of

*Bancroft’s Wild Tribes of the Pacific Coast, vol. I, passim.

128 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

the Copper-mine River, which runs from the Great Slave Lake, in lat-
itude 62° to the Arctic Ocean, and finds its way some distance down
the coast of the Pacific, through the hands of the coast tribes of the
Hyperborean Indians, some of whom are great traders; indeed whole
tribes (as the Tacullees or Carriers,) are engaged in transporting and
exchanging the products of other tribes; this commerce embracing in
its extent many hundred miles of our coast, and even extending to the
opposite continent of Asia.

WEAVING AND SPINNING.

We have conclusive evidence that the so-called Mound-builders
possessed the art of spinning and weaving cloth, in the specimens of
it adhering to no less than six of the copper-axes in our Museum.

In the first part of this paper, a brief detail was given of this im-
portant discovery, and in it the Rev. Mr. Gass is quoted as saying that
in the third mound were found “ five copper-axes, three of which were
wrapped up in cloth,” now in fact, all five must have been so wrapped,
not together, in a bundle, but each axe separately, as all five have
pieces of cloth adherent, and that on both sides.t+

To show the almost unique character, and great archeological
value of these specimens of cloth, the following observations may be
allowed.

The first discovery of cloth in the mounds is described in the an-
cient monuments of Squier & Davis. The specimen was taken from
an altar or sacrificial mound in Butler county, Ohio. It is described
as “cloth, perfectly carbonized, as though ignited and then smoth-
ered.”’ This specimen, if in existence, is in the Blakemore Museum,
at Salisbury, England. ¢

Foster says that in 1838, he got from a person in Jackson county,
Ohio, a specimen of cloth taken from a mound; this he did not pre-
serve, nor did he publish an account of it, thinking as he says: “That,
this fact was in itself so novel, and so at variance with the prevailing
ideas as to the degree of civilization and knowledge of the arts among
the mound-builders, that I hesitated about making it publie, fearing
that the cloth might be a modern substitution, and that by publishing
this fact, I might be the means of propagating an error.”

Foster again, in 1851, got from Butler county, Ohio, specimens of
charred cloth, which he figures and describes as showing two kinds
of weaving; one of the ordinary kind, or the alternate intersection of
the warp and woof; and the other, where the woof takes a turn around

+Sinee the above was read, more cloth-covered axes have been recovered from
mounds, which are described on another page.

t¢Since this was written, I have found direct evidence of the whereabouts of this
fragment in the following statement. At the meeting of the International Con-
gress of Pre-Historic Archeology held at Norwich, England, in 1868, one of the
speakers said: ** Fragments of charred cloth made ofspun fibres have been found
in the mounds. Aspecimen of such cioth taken from a mound in Butler county.
Ohio, is in Blackmore Museum, Salisbury. In the same collection are several
lumps of burnt clay. which formed part of the altar, so-called, ina mound in Ross
county, Ohio, to this clay a tew charred threads are still attached.

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 129

the warp, which could not be done except by the hand,—this probably
was not woven at all.

Lapham in the Antiquities of Wisconsin, describes the finding of
cloth as follows: “Several feet below the surface of the large square
mound was found, what appeared to be the remains of cloth, apparent-
ly enveloping a portion of a human skeleton.” Its texture was open,
like the coarsest linen fabric, but the threads were so entirely rotten, as
to make it quite uncertain of what material it was made.

In the removal of the great mound at St. Louis, in 1864, patches of
cloth more or less carbonized were found, with two copper. vessels,
like spoon-bowls.

These are all the specimens of cloth mentioned in any works on
American Archeology I have seen, and you can perceive how imper-
fect they all were, and estimate the improbability of their preservation.
Our specimens are preserved by the antiseptic action of the carbonate
of copper, by which they are dyed of a bright green color, and ren-
dered incorruptible.

In the fifth annual report, (1872) of the Peabody Museum of Amer-
ican Archeology, Dr. Wyman, the Curator, says: “It is an interest-
ing fact that while every trace of the cords and woven textures made
by the Mound-builders has perished, we have impressions or casts of
the first left with sufficient distinctness on the earthen vessels to de-
termine the style of twisting and the number of strands; and of the
second to ascertain, in some cases at least, the manner in which the
cords are interwoven.”’........ “The texture with closed meshes is
handsomely woven, and in one instance, of threads not exceeding the
one-thirtieth of an inch in diameter.”

Again in speaking of the Clement collection of objects taken from
the lake-dwellings at Robenhausen, which contained, among other
things, woven fabrics, Dr. Wyman makes the following remark, which
I quote in this connection as sufficiently curious. He says:

“Among these last—that is the woven fabrics—we have the ordi-
nary fabrics, composed of a single warp and woof, and one of identi-
cal texture with that of which we have casts on the surface of some
of the earthen vessels from the mounds of Tennessee,” and I might
add, of identical texture with that of the cloth adhering to our copper-
axes, thus strangely connecting two pre-historic peoples, the Mound-
builders, and the Lake-dwellers of Switzerland.

Upon a careful examination of the cloth upon copper axe No. 12, it
is evident that the warp is composed of four cords, that is, of te&o dou-
bled and twisted cords; and the woof of one such doubled and twisted
cord which passes between the two parts of the warp; the latter being
twisted at each change, allowing the cords to be brought close together
so as to cover the woof almost entirely, (See Pl. V-A.)

It is interesting to observe, t hat among the relics discovered in the

explorations of the ancient Swiss lake dwellings, are carbonized speci-
Proc. D. A. N. S. Vot. I. {18] APRIL, 1876.

130 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

mens of various fabrics of tlax, and among them some of precisely the
same structure as this.

It is described by Dr. Ferdinand Keller, in his 4th Report on Swiss
Lake Dwellers’ Remains, 1861, and figured on Plate 4, fig. 10 of that
work.

The most interesting account of mound-builders’ cloth, is one in an
article on the Mound Builders of Tennessee, in the 3d volume of the
American Naturalist, by Dr. Joseph Jones, of New Orleans; itis there
quoted from Heywood’s Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee:

“ During the spring of 1811, embedded in the flooring of a copperas
cave, in Warren county, East Tennessee, two human bodies; male and
female, were found. They were evidently Indians (?) and had been
interred in curiously wrought baskets, made of cane, with coverings of
the same material fitting over their tops The flesh of these persons
was entire and undecayed, of a brown, dryish color produced by time,
the flesh having adhered closely to the bones and sinews. Around the
female, next her body, was placed a well-dressed deer-skin; next to
her was placed a rug, very curiously wrought, of the bark of a tree,
and feathers. The bark seemed to have been formed into small strands
well twisted; around these strands feathers were rolled, and the whole
woven into a cloth of firm texture after the manner of our common
coarse fabrics. This rug was about three feet wide, and between six
and seven feet long. The whole of the ligaments thus formed of bark
were completely covered by the feathers, forming a body of about one-
eighth of an inch in thickness, the feathers extending about one-fourth
of an inch in length from the shroud to which they were confined....
The next covering was an undressed deer-skin, around which was
rolled, in good order,a plain shroud, manufactured after the same
order as the one ornamented with feathers. This article resembled very
much in texture the rugs used for the purpose of holding the coffee
exported from Havana to the United States.....The hair, which
still remained on their heads, was entire. That of the female was of a
yellowish cast, and of avery fine texture. The cave in which they
were found abounded in nitre, copperas, alum, and salt. The whole
of the covering with the baskets, was perfectly sound, without any
marks of decay.”

I have taken the pains to compare our mound-builders’ cloth with
that of the inner and finer sack, which now comes with coffee and
have found the two structures to be very much alike.

It would be an egregious error to infer from the importance at-
tached to the subject of mound-builders’ cloth, that the art of spinning
and weaving was not possessed by the modern Indians, at the time of
their first contact with the whites, or at any subsequent time, even up
to the present. Into this error, however, Foster has fallen, as the fol
lowing quotation shows. He says:

(Pre-historic Races, p. 226.) “I see no reason, then, why cloth man-
ufacture should not be included among the arts of the mound builders.

CC

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 131

There is no evidence that the Indians possessed this art when first
known to the white man—an art which, when once acquired, would
not be permitted to lapse.’’ On the other hand, hear what Adair says
in his History of the American Indians: “ London, 1775. Formerly
the Indians (meaning hereby the Cherokees, among whom he lived
for some time) made very handsome carpets. They make them of
wild hemp.’ He then proceeds to tell how they pull, steep, peel and
beat it, and how the old women spin it off the distaffs, with wooden
machines, having some clay in the middle of them, to hasten the mo-
tion. When the coarse thread is prepared, they put it into a frame, about
six feet square, and instead of a shuttle, they thrust through the thread
with a long cane, having a long string through the web, which they
shift at every second course of the thread.

Adair was informed, that the Muscogees, time out of mind, passed
the woof with a shuttle, having a couple of threddles which they
move with the hand, so as to make good dispatch, something after the
manner of our weaving ‘The women were the manufacturers of these
fabrics. Buffalo’s wool was extensively used for spinning and weav-
ing. The Choctaws made “Turkey-feather blankets, with the long
feathers of the neck and breast of that large fowl.” The inner end of
the feather was twisted and made fast in a strong double thread of
hemp, or coarse twine, made of the inner bark of the mulberry tree.

In conclusion, I will make some remarks concerning the condition
of the arts of spinning and weaving among what Bancroft, in a work
recently added to our library, calls the Wild Indians of the Pacific
coast; from which elaborate work most of the following information
is derived. Commencing with the Thinkleets, who are of the Hyper-
borean Indians, next south of the Eskimos, and inhabit a portion of
Alaska, it is said of them: “They spin thread, use the needle, and
make blankets of the native white wool.’ Again quoting from Lisi-
ansky’s Voyage (1803): “In one place was found a considerable store
of woolen cloth.”

Then of the Chinooks, who live in Oregon, about latitude 44° N.,
Catlin, in his American Indians, Vol. 2, page 113,—speaking of these
Indians and their neighbors, on the N. W. coast, says: “....As well as
specimens of their spinning and weaving, by which they convert dogs’
hair and the wool of the mountain sheep into durable and splendid
robes, the production of which, I would venture to say, would bid de-
fiance to any of the looms in the American and British factories.” Of
the Nootkas, who live about Van Couver’s Island, in latitude 50° N.,
it is said by Capt. Cook, “ that they make woolen cloths of all degrees
of fineness,” and by another explorer, that “the instrument used for
weaving, differed in no apparent respect from the rude loom of the
days of the Pharaohs.” Making a great leap southward, over the Cal-
ifornia Indians of the coast and the Snakes of the interior, we come
to the Navajos and the Apaches.

These Indians are allied in language to the Tinneh, or Chipeway

132 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

ans of the great Athabasca family, which is stretched across the conti-
nent, just South of the Eskimos, but inhabiting the interior, and not
reaching either the Arctic or the Pacific oceans; these Indians neither
spin nor weave, but clothe themselves in the skins of animals. an

The Navajos, however, excel in the manufacture of blankets. The
art with them is probably of Mexican origin, and they keep for their
idustry large flocks of sheep. Some say, in making their blankets,
cotton is mixed with the wool, but I find no mention of their culti-
vating cotton. r

Their looms are of the most primitive kind. Two beams, one sus-!
pended, and the other fastened to the ground, serve to stretch the warp.
perpendicularly, and the slats inserted between the double warp, cross
and re-cross it, and also open a passage for the shuttle, which is sim-
ply a short stick with some thread wound around it. The operator
sits on the ground, and the blanket, as the weaving progresses, is:
wound round the lower beam.

The Pueblos are said, in the manufacture of blankets, of cotton
and woolen cloth, and of stockings, to excel their neighbors, the Nav-
ajos, employing, essentially, the same method, and using looms
and spinning instruments similar to those before described.

The northern Mexican Indians—the Ahomos, the Endetes, and the:
Yakis, weave fabrics out of co!ton or agave-fibre, such as blankets or
serapes, and cloth with colored thread in neat designs and figures.
Their looms consist of short sticks driven into the ground, to which a
frame is attached to hold the thread. The shuttle is an oblong piece
of wood, on which the cross-thread is wound; after passing through
the web, the shuttle is seized and pressed close by a ruler three inches:
in breadth, which is placed between the web and supplies the place
of a comb.

In the state of Jalisco, in 20° N. latitude, the natives are celebra-
ted for the manufacture of blankets and woolen mantas; in other parts
of the country (that is, in Central Mexico) they continue to manufact-
ure cotton stuffs in the same manner as before the conquest, all in very
primitive hand-looms.

When Fernandez de Cordova explored the northern coast of Yuca-
tan, he found the people clad in cotton garments, and at the present
day this forms the principal material from which their clothing is
made.

According to Squier, the Nicaraguans are not behind hand in the
art of weaving, for most of the fabrics used in the country are of na-
tive make. The aboriginal spindle is yet used and a loom like the
Mexican.

And lastly, among the Isthmian Indians, or those of Panama, cot:
ton clothes are worn by women, and considering the rude and simple
implements they work with, the fineness of texture and blending of
colors, present a marvel of skill and patience.

It would thus appear, that not only did the Indians of the southern

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 133

part of the United States posses the art of spinning and weaving at
the time of their first contact with the whites, but we have also traced
the use of the spindle and the loom, almost continuously among the
wild Indians from Alaska to the Ithmus of Panama.

At the meeting of the American Association held at
Detroit, August 1875, Dr. Farquharson, at the request of
this Academy, read a paper on the recent mound discover-
ies in this vicinity. As it contained some additional ob-
servations, it has been thought advisable to insert a portion’

of it as a supplement to the foregoing paper.
SILVER.

The only ornament of silver found was a hollow hemisphere of
0.7 inch diameter, weighing 1314 grains, found in Mound No. 2 (Plate,
VI, fig. 19), in company with two hemispheres of copper, of the larger,
of which it is an exact counterpart. On the surface of the spoon-
shaped implement from mound No. 3 appears a surface with a coat-,
ing or wash of silver, this will be considered in the description of that
curious specimen.

COPPER.

The Davenport collection of copper implements, at present con-
sists of twenty copper axes, of which eight are more or less covered
with cloth; eleven copper awls or borers; two ear pendants; a great
many copper beads and the spoon-shaped implement.

The axes are of three shapes, with flat sides, plano-convex, and
double-convex, are all wrought by hammering, many retaining, the
original lamin or scales on the surface; there are no signs of use,
and they are not notably harder at the edge than elsewhere. ae

The following table shows their source, weight, shape, size, etc.

Table of Copper Axes.
Plate V, figures correspond to the numbers in the table.

| Weight | Length| Width at|Width | Greatest,
No.|No. of mound. EP arte avoir. | Shape. ‘inches. 2 eng up cas mae eee
| inches. |inches.| inches.
1 |Mound No. 3 1 0721 |: Flatsides.. 6% (2% 1 yy
2 ke oa 33 1 1564 .Flatsides.. 7% 236 1% 36
3 iy Cee 0.5387 Plano- -convex| 45% 236 13 %
A al aoe ee a 0.1056 Plano-convex|! 5% | 2% 1% %
aay ‘SS nid 0.9961 Plano-convex| 54 | 2% 154 yy
6 re 20 ai () 4242 Plano-convex| 3% | 2% 13g 36
q BS “SOFTEE | 0.8114 .Flatsides.. Oger an MS sl 7d |
8 Be LO Ta 0.4692 Plano- convex | 3% 24% 14% .|. %
Oa at’ 2. 0.8464 .Flatsides.. GoAanimwneeee Ay gt Ze. | ne
10 i$ 2. 0.5085 Plano convex 3% 24 | 1% 36
11 Oe eae 1.6575 |Plano-convex, 6 | 3% 1% %
12 | 9. | 0.8743 ..Flatsides.. | 5 | 236 TSZgaeir lA!
13 a 0.4987 \Piano-conv x| 4 Ihe aw ovat fecal 4-10
14 | + 0.8171 ..Flatsides.. 514 256 1% 7-16
15 + 1.7700 js .Flatsides.. |; 5% 2% | 13g %
16 t 1.6314 ‘Plano- Ses | 6% 3 | 1% a
17 + J 0 5143 Plano-convex| 4 tie |) 14 7-16
18 | + 0) 2148 Plano-convex| 3% | 1% | 1 4
19 | + 2.4985 Bi-convex. 534 336 1% 15-16
20 | + 0.9257 .. Platsides. . | 434 9%, | 1% 2g

*Mound near Princeton. Scott County, Iowa.
+Mound near Toolesboro, Louisa County, Jowa.

134 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Of these axes, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 12, 14, 16, 19, and 20, are more or
less covered with cloth; besides these, Nos. 6 and 8, found together in
mound No. 1, were also covered with cloth, which was unfortunately
scraped off, when being cleaned of dirt with a knife, this fact is shown
by the small patches of cloth, bits adherent which have escaped the
knife. _

The eleven copper awls, (ten of which come from mounds), being
of the ordinary kind need no description, except that the bent extrem-
ities of some, suggest their possible use as hair-pins (Plate VI, figs. 5,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11.)

The copper ear pendants are thin hemispheres, 0.8 inch diameter
and 34 grs. weight, (Plate VI, fig. 21) and 0.5 inch diameter and 10
grains weight, (Plate VI, fig. 20.)

The spoon-shaped copper implement (Plate VI, fig. 22) which
comes from mound 38, (but in what relation to the other things recoy-
ered from that mound is not known), has evidently been produced by
hammering, but from certain marks on the surface, not from an origi.
nal piece of copper, but from a bar already bearing these marks,
which are obliterated in most places by the action of the hammer.

Its dimensions and weight are as follows: the whole length, 82 mill-
imetres; length of the spoon part, 22 mm.; breadth of handle,8m m. ;
breadth of spoon at widest part, i4mm.; average thickness of han-
dle, 2 mm.; thickness of point of spoon part, 1 mm.; thickness of the
middle part of spoon, 4g mm.

The implement appears to be of pure copper and weighs 86 grains.

On one side of the handle, nothing but the marks of the round-
faced hammer or stone is found, but on the other, a series of indented
lines, in rows up each margin of the handle for the distance of an
inch, and again in the are of a circle, just at the junction of the han-
dle and broad part is plainly visible with a lens. This ornamen-
tation is like the milling at the edge of a coin, and was evidently
made here, before the action of the hammer; on the same side is seen
the spot of silver.

The copper beads may be divided into three classes, small tubes of
an average length of one inch, and an average weight of 16 grains,
[Plate VI, fig. 13, 14, 15]; of an average length of 1.5 inches, and an
average weight of 1.15 grains, [Plate VI, fig. 12]; and lastly of very
short tubes, almost round, of 0.3 inches average length and 1214 grains
average weight. [Plate VI, fig. 16, 17, 18, 17a, 18a].

All these beads or tubes are made of thin strips of copper rolled up,
after being beaten out by hammering.

CLOTH.

These interesting and undoubted specimens of mound-builders’
cloth, have been preserved by the the antiseptic action of the salts of
copper, in all probability the carbonates. In all the specimens, one
set of threads, say of the warp, is doubled and twisted, and there are
about four to the quarter of an inch.

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. _ 135

The texture of the cloth is best seen on both sides of No. 12, [Plate
V, fig. 12]; here, however, in many places, the original vegetable fibres
have entirely disappeared, their forms being exactly retained and their
places taken by fibrous crystals of carbonate of copper. This fact is
apparent under the microscope and was further confirmed, when upon
slightly heating a fragment on a glass slide, the whole form melted
away, dissolved in water of crystallization.

In No. 2 [Plate V, fig. 2], the woof is evident, and consists of a
rough thread not so tightly twisted as that of the warp.

This appears to be a different style of weaving, there being only
two and a half threads of the warp to a quarter of an inch; but it may
be that it is only the wrong side of the cloth.:

The fibre under the microscope appears to be a kind of hemp, pos-
sibly the Apocynum Cannabinum, or Indian hemp,* formerly used
by the Aztecs. |[Am. Naturalist, Dec. 1873.]

The thread is spun evenly, and of a pretty uniform diameter of one
mm. or the 1-26 of an inch in diameter, which measurement very
nearly agrees with that made by the late Dr. Wyman from marks or.
indentations on mound pottery. [Plate VIII, fig. 4].

MICA.

Besides the large piece of 614 by 4 inches, numerous small bits
were found.

PIPES. [Plate IV.]

The pipes, fourteen in number, were not all from the mounds be-
low Davenport, one came from a mound on Rock River, Rock Island
county, Illinois, and several from mounds near Toolesboro, Louisa
county, Iowa.

They are all of the so-called mound pipe pattern, and some of them
carved into effigies of birdst and animals, [Plate IV, figs. 4, 5, 10, 11,
13, and 14].

The material of which they are made, varies from a very hard,
greenstone, through varieties of Catlinite, or an, approach to it, to
others of marly nature, effervescing with acid, quite soft and much
corroded by the action of the soil water.

GALENA AND RED OCHRE.

The masses of galena and red ochre need no description nor com-
ment, except, perhaps, the great quantity of the latter found in mound
No. 3.

'*T have lately received from the hands of Col. D. A. Robertson, some of the fibres
of the Urtica Gracilis. which be suggests may have been the kind of fibre used;
upon comparison. under the microscope, the suggestion appears probable, though
from the known difficulty of distinguishing the various woody-fibres from each other,
the problem appears insoluble. :

+ One bird has eyes of copper. another nas eyes of pearl. These pearls had been
made and periorated for beads before being introduced into the head of the bird,
the holes. however, were not visible until the pearls were removed and cleaned.
As evidence of great skill and delicacy of manipulation, these holes drilled through
such delicate and fragile structure as pearl are worthy of remark. The combined
weight of the two pearls is 2.68 grains Their formis nearly spherical, with a diam.
eter of four mm. The drilled holes are conical. the greater and less diameters
bDeing respectively. 124, and 1 millimetres.

136 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOIENOES.

SHELLS.

Besides the ordinary river shells constituting the layers in the
mounds, large sea shells were found, in some instances only the axes
and parts of the inner whorls remain, but again in others, the shell
was found nearly as it was fashioned by the mound builder from the
original. The shell from mound No.1 is a Pyrula, which has been
cut through in its length about an inch above the centre of the base>
and the axis and whorls removed, there is a hole, of an inch diameter’
in the centre of the base, the result of accident.

This shell at the line of section has a long diameter of thirteen, and
a transverse of seven inches. Its internal capacity is 104 cubic inches,

nearly four pints. Another fine specimen of a sea-shell has recently
come into the Museum of our Academy, from a mound near Pinetree
Creek, Muscatine County, [owa, some twenty miles from Davenport.

This is a Dolium, and except being broken across its length, is a
fine specimen, it is much thinner and lighter than the Pyrula, but
whether from greater age, or an original greater thinness was not
made out. In the line of section it has an extreme length of nine
inches, and a breadth of six inches. Internal capacity—152 cubic
inches, or five and a half pints. The greatest length of the shell be-
ing nine and a half, with a width of six inches, the section being made
near one side, so as to give a much greater depth than in the Pyrwula.

ARROW HEADS AND FLAKES.

The arrow heads found with the bones, copper-axes, etc., at the bot-
tom of the mounds were eleven in number, (Plate X, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9. 10, and 11). They were of the usual form and size, with the ex-
ception of one found in mound No. 9, which was very small, only one
inch by half an inch; this is finely wrought and seems now as if just
out of the hands of the maker, it is of a pure white flint or chert.

Most of the others differ in form or material from hundreds of
others found on the surface.

An exception must however be made in favor of the arrow-head,
and flakes of a dark, almost black material looking like glass, and
at first supposed to be obsidian, from its marked resemblance to arrow-
heads in our Museum, marked obsidian and brought from Utah. But
upon applying the blow-pipe flame to a fragment, it proved refractory,
and it was thought to be smoky quartz.t

BONES AND TEETH OF ANIMALS. (Plate VII.)

ti mound No. 2, was found what was called a string of snake bones,
being the vertebrie of a small snake, which may have been introduced
accidentally, as there is no evidence of their ever having been strung
on a thread like beads.

The lower jaws with detached incisors of the muskrat, and other
small gnawers, probably gophers and ground-squirrels were quite
abundant, as also tips of deer-horns.

+Since the above was read, we have succeeded in fusing the edges of all these
specimens, under the blow-pipe.

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUJLDERS. 137

In one mound were found the enamel from the incisor of the beav-
er, the rest of the teeth all gone.

Adherent to the inner surfaces of the fragments of some of the large
pots or vases were bones of the river turtle, from whose shoulder blade
the curious spatuia from mound No. 9, was made. Many teeth of
the common black bear were found, both molars and incisors, of the
latter, some of large size, were polished and perforated, doubtless for
wearing as ornaments. (Plate VII, fig. 2.)

In this connection, though found in one of the Albany Mounds in
Illinois, may be mentioned the curious specimen of what appears to
be the canine of a large bear, (the grizzly); from its perforation and
highly polished surface, it has evidently been worn as an ornament.
(Plate VII, fig. 1.) It appears to be the half of a tooth, the section be-
ing made longitudinally through the middle; the outside presents ex-
actly the appearance of a natural tooth with the enamel removed or
worn off; but regarded upon the other side, the great width of the
cavity and its running up to the extreme point of the tooth, gives the
idea of a false tooth made from a long bone.

This was in the Smithsonian Institution and was returned to us
with the question unsettled, since which our President, Dr. E. H.
Hazen has submitted a section to the microscope, and with the result
of determining it to be a portion of a long bone and not a tooth.

POTTERY.

Besides fragments, in nearly every one of the mounds, at le ast two
pots were found at the bottom, in company with the bones and other
relics.

Only one pot was recovered entire, and this came from mound No
7, which contained besides, only fragments of another pot, an arrow-
head and some human bones.

This pot [Plate VIII, fig 2], isof a reddish color, not glazed, and of
rude workmanship, evidently made by the hand, as the bottom is not
level, and the top rim is not truly circular. Its dimensions are as fol-
lows: height, 54g inches, diameter of bottom, 234 inches; upper margin
elliptical with a major axis of 544, and a minor of 5 inches; the orna:
mentation consisted of a crenated margin, then a row of knobs or pro
jections, corresponding with holes on the inside, and both made by in-
dentation from within, the neck of the vessel being marked by a girdle
of vertical indentations, each an inch long and close together; capaci:-
ty, 70 cubic inches, or 2% pints. One of the two large vases, (Plate-
VIII, fig. 1) with turtle bones adherent, found in No. 3, in close con-
nection with the five cloth-covered copper axes, has been nearly re-
stored, by the patient labor of our Curator, Mr. W. H. Pratt. Its de-
scription is as follows: Thickness, 44 inch; height, 11 inches; diame-
ter of rim, 74g; depth of base, 4 inches; circumference of rim, 244s, of
base, 13, of neck, 28, capacity, 325 cubic inches, or 1 gallon and8 pints

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vou. [. [19] ApRin, 1876.

138 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Ornamentation, rude, from rim to neck small indentations, with a
number of large knobs or protuberances, corresponding to depressions
on the inside. On upper part of body,rings and rude figures made by a
blunt point.

STYLE OF ORNAMENTATION OF OTHER FRAGMENTS.

A few fragments were found where the impressions were made by a
string or thread [Plate VIII, fig. 4]; these when copied on gutta percha,
were found to be of two kinds, single and doubled and twisted; these
impressions of string, were on smal] triangular divisions, separated
from each other by rows of holes, and it was not easy to discover how
they could have been made.

From a mound in Buffalo Township, Scott County, Iowa, came the
vessel figured in Plate VIII, fig.3. But the most curious specimen of
pottery in our collection, is a ring or pulley [Plate VIII, fig. 5] which
nearly resembles the stone one figured and described by Mr. Rau, in
his article on stone-drilling in Smithsonian Report, 1868, the original
being in the Blackburn Museum. Flint Ohips, p. 511.

DESCRIPTION, COLOR, FORM, SIZE, ETC.

Color almost black ; fracture dark gray ; spots white and effervesced
with acids, probably pounded shells; well baked.

Greatest diameter, 1 11-16 inches: thickness at margin, %4 inch;
diameter of central aperture, % inch; thickness at edge of aperture, 14
inch; depth of the groove, 4g inch; its width, 34 inch. From the
groove eight small holes pass to the central aperture; these are not
exactly straight, no doubt, from having been warped in baking.

The stone specimen, figured by Rau, is over two inches in diame-
ter, and the central aperture is larger; otherwise the two implements
are very much alike, [Plate VIII, figs. 5 and 5a].

HUMAN BONES.

Near the surface of one of the mounds (No. 3.) were found some
bones, quite recent, evidently an intrusive burial.

Two of these are preserved for their strange mutilation, one a fe-
mur, has been cut across near its lower end, by repeated blows of a
sharp instrument, and the other, a tibia, from which a slice has been
taken off by a glancing blow of the same.

Of the bones, at the bottoms of the mounds, very few were pre-
served, as they were so fragile as to crumble away upon being han-
dled, in this respect presenting quite a marked contrast with the bones
got by our academy from the mounds at Albany, two years ago. Be-
sides a difference of age, the difference of the sites might account for
this, the Albany mounds being ona high ridge, with good drainage, and
composed of a light sandy loam, while the Davenport mounds are but
little above high water mark, have no drainage and are in alluvial
soil.

From mound No. 2, in connection with copper axes and beads,
we have two fragments of skulls, each being the frontal bones, with

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 139

nasal bones attached; nothing of the shape of the skulls can be in-
ferred from them, but both indicated a very highly arched nose.

From mound No. 9 was recovered a skull in connection with cop.
per axe No. 12, which is in a pretty good state of preservation, and
which gives the following measurement, given in a table to compare
the corresponding measurements of a mean of three Sioux (who died
in captivity here), and of nine from Albany mounds, of eleven from
Rock River, and of four from Henry county, Illinois.—

Table II.
g ; 4 ai
=] : s Ly C)
£ = F =. ca = 3
ary 2 = =r FA np s a
° 2 <s oz a S A 3
Race. a g 2 | as oF 3 3
BR — a so oa Co om
of A 3) oR He ie) °
N oo e hoe 3 8 ° °
E Bait a los” ulin 3/1 3
-- A |e | 4 A 3 fe
Mean of 3 Sioux....... 20.50 7.03 | 5.1 77.64 2inchs.| 0.284] 0.725
Mean of 9 Albany mds.| 19.8 6.8 5.1 68 2.3 0.335 | 0.768
Meanof R. R.mounds.| 20.15 % 5.4 | 74.48 2.0 0.286 | 0.771
Mean of 4 Henry Co.
AMOUMAS. | cicis:- vice tiocahew Loo ui 5.2 | 74.47 2.14 -305 | 0.743
Skull from Davenport
ING Ds ocr sisnjscnin cca oD % 5.25 | 76.20 1.8 0.269 | 0.752

Axe No. 12.

140 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOFENCES.

Table III.

Measurements of mound skulls, and of skulls of Sioux Indians.

The foraminal distances are taken with Wyman’s instrument, and
are therefore more reliable, than those in the preceding TABLE.

‘Numbers correspond to those of the figures in Plates — XXI,
XXII, XXIH, XXIV, and XXV.

g Fr y wis
Bs | f EF 8 | & :
a : j H | |
No.! 3a =i 1S = Be | a | = cairo Mounds.
hee | 38 (82 a | =| eee | Bo gS?
ECd) B.5 je. 13 Se as | gs 2
N bo a - a - ~~ [o)
Fe Ee BEBE |B | Bes 2
Fe) Pai ee lee | \se, fe see
“heh ae ' oa liad rs] 7 = iia x 5 Wie ae =,
1 #: .546 208 §.120 140) 1190 | .-+. | .600. Albany, Il.
2 | .483 | 162 i 140) 1190 062 | .382 | .790 ws
ls RhoA MIE MES Lal ola aa aa nn!
oe . rb] TL OE RESET SOE ,
8.1495. f 175 |2285).140f 1249 |. 065° |. 870 771 iDaveknort Md.No.9.
9° 508 171 |.140).140!. 1334 062 B62 818 , Rock River, Tl.
10} .508 167 |.148/.140 11385 | .070 419° .886 |
14.].. ,588 |. 180 |.150).145). 1362 |... |... | .888 | “
19} “any f°" 67 |.188).140) 1081 P|) ol. | tas. “
13]. 522. 185 |.180).150] 1362 | ,089 | .427 | ..702 “
14° '" 483 UT1 |.138).140] 1192 | .079 460 = .807° | Henry Connty, Tl.
15 | .508 185 |.138).145, 1306 | .081 | .443 .745 | s
16 | .457 170 |.130|.140} 1185 | .078 | .448 | .7 “
17 | .588 | .185 |.135).140| 1249 | .072 | .389 | .730 | “
ISU Pe eoUG kai rst eU ea eee) 140) e ceeeeen cme j cree | zs. | Rock River, Ill.
19 | .583 | .196 |.140|.140/ ... Me ARIEL 704 ot
20 | .200 |.128)....| | 640 | “
21 180 | .137 | gone -761 | Henry County. I).
28 170 140}.149 078 | 44 | 730 Albany, Ill. a
24 | a }.1 ee . 478 -| .755 | Rock River, Ill.
26 200" \-54 2), Bae Eee She .... |Shell Bed,R Island.
27 | .482 170.125} 140) 986 = .076 | 388 , 4735 | Albany, Ill
28 177% 15135| Meee enn eee ee 762” | ve
29 | .5ev | .177 |.130!.145| 1187 | .088 | .440 | %.734 x
| cae | seals Ars f i. adel i
‘| .503_ | .179 |.184).040) 4188 | .07%5 |. .482 155 | Mean.
iene paul e j |_| No. of skulle meas-
| 18 GA. |: 92] Saati © 5) a aa, 82 ks meds!
Sioux Skulls.
wate ee 2. ee ee.
520 .180 138). 145, 1319 | .085 416 .766 Died in captivity

1
2 | .533 183 |.140/°150, 1224 | O77 | 1415 © .765 | at Davenport,
8 | .507 | .177 |.136].140| 1924 | .082 | 463 | 768 lowa.

{ -512 | .180 |-198/.145| 1256 | .081 | .481 | .766 | Mean.

Sip la npSeusl ass) ese lee oaleemoe |. .o “No. ofskulls men ae

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 141

Table IV.

This table shows the measurements of seven Mound-builder’s tibize
with an Indian tibia, being one of the mutilated bones mentioned
above, as found near the surface of mound No. 3, and in connexion
with glass-beads, fire steel, clay pipe, etc_—in decimals of a metre.

! |

®
“trepbegk Bec pte)
me io aig | aso rg
No. 22 S 3 Length. 32 ze g Ey Remarks.
| os ae RE oS ox ioe
aes t= | os > eg sro
oS ist FAST | 6 EhShv| oten
ES 3 Paco. | oe = = Tee |
jG he 3 i<j) 8 * Yes
1 Broken. 080 .338 . #36 .022 611. | Albany, Ill.
2 | 078 74 388 ©=-«.088—s 024 200.631 “ “
3 'Broken 075 401 -042 -023 AT a6 “
4. .0%6 082 390.640.0286 .192 650 | “ “i
5 | 074 O75 .392 040 = .028 488.55 s “
6.076 .082 4cO 0388S «OB 190.571 Rock River, Ill.
_7 | 083 | 088 400 | 040.08 207.650 ~~ Pine Creek, Iuwa.
| 077 .080 387 639 .023 .195 .605 | Average.
‘Broken .075 yt) 036 021 .583 Indian from md. 3

Evidence of the prevalence of Syphilis was quite abundant in the
shape of nodes. One skull from an Albany mound, was of so great
weight and thickness,and in such an extraordinary state of preservation
as to suggest the idea of the individual having been affected with
Rickets during life.

Some evidence of a singular diséase of the spinal column, affect
ing in most instances the smaller articulations of the cervical verte-
bre, was found and would indicate a variety of disease not much seen
now.

In two cases the disease affected the lower, left hand lateral articu-
lation of the second cervical vertebra, or dentata, the articular sur-
faces in each instance were much roughened and made wider by bo-
ny matter thrown out around them, while the corresponding arch of
the vertebre had been shortened. The state of the surfaces showed
plainly that the individual must have lived a long while after the joint
was attacked, (how he could have lived at all is a mystery).

In a third instance, the smaller or lateral joints of the 2d, 3d, 4th,
and 5th ecrvical vertebre were affected, and the individual had lived
long enough for cure by anchylosis to have taken place, also their
vertebre being firmly united as if of »ne bone, a very unsatisfactory
state for the patient, certainly One of these specimens was from Aj-
bany, and the second and the third from Rock River.

‘If the rondelle of bone (Plate VII, fig. 8), herewith exhibited, (which
eyidently comes from the squamous part of the temporal bone) was
taken during life, it would indicate the existence of trephining known
to have been, practiced by the pre-historic men of France. The finding

142 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

at some future period, of a cranium with the healed edge of the cut,
would settle this question,

But the most singular manifestation of disease was discovered in
the cervical vertrebre, shown in a peculiar roughening of the articu-
lar surfaces, and also of true or bony anchylosis.

It was first noticed in the dentata or second vertebra, found at Rock
River. Here the lower articular surface on the left side was affected.

Upon looking over some vertebre from the Albany mounds, an-
other dentata was found, in which the same surface [the lower one on
the left side], was affected.

Ina third instance from a Rock River mound, the 2d, 3d and 4th
vertebre are firmly anchylosed together, and the disease extended
further down, as the lower surface of the left lower articular surface
of the 4th vertebra shows where it was united by bone to the 5th, how
much further it extended is not known, as the other bones were lost.

In another case, also from a Rock River mound, the 2d, 3d and
4th vertebrx ; were affected, the articular surfaces roughened and some
united by being anchylosed here again the disease extended below, but
the other bones were lost. In all these cases the skeletons were those
of adults, indeed one was of extreme old age, from the loss of teeth
and the absence of the alveolar processes. Neither in this instance
nor in any of the others, were any signs of disease observed in any of
the other bones, besides the cervical vertebre.

This is certainly not a common form of disease at present, and al-
though rare, the instances of cure by bony anchylosis, (the only way in
which a real cure can take place) are even yet more rare, Nelaton in
his Pathologie Chirurgicale, only being able to note twenty-five re-
corded cases of such an event.

Now as the space of one year is theshortest possible time allowed
by authorities for such a cure to take place, and as during all this
time the parts must be kept absolutely at rest, and hence the person,
so affected, be entirely helpless, the inference is strong that these
people could not have been in the savage state. They must necessa-
rily have been in such a condition in the progress of civilization, as
to be possessed of an accumulation of food, the requisite leisure of
persons nursing the sick, and dwellings sufficiently comfortable to
protect them from the inclemency of the weather in this latitude;
without these elements of civilization these persons would of necessi-
ty have perished.

From an examination of the condition of the surfaces and edges of
the axes, it may be inferred, that not one of them had ever been in use
as an implement; thus affording another strong argument for the theo-
ry, which places most of these copper articles rather in the category of
ornaments, or perhaps, more truly speaking of treasures, than in that
of tools.

The wrapping up of some of these axes in a perfect envelope or sack

FARQUHARSON ON THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 143

of cloth would also indicate that they were regarded in the light of
treasures. The terra-cotta pulley exhibited was doubtless used in a
stone-drill, as suggested by Mr. Rau in his article on stone-drilling
without metal—(Smithsonian Report, 1868.)

The false grizzly bear’s tooth seems to point to a rather advanced
state of civilization, certainly of art, for people use natural ornaments,
such as gems, long before they are prompted by an improved taste, or
are skilled enough in the arts, to imitate them.

Hieroglyphics observed in Summit Canon, Utah, and on
Little Popo-agie River in Wyoming.
BY J. D. PUTNAM.

While in Utah last summer, Mr. B..F. Johnson pointed out to me
some hieroglyphics within the mouth of summit canon, about a mile
east of Santaquin, Utah county, and extending for about a mile up the
canon. They are engraved on the smooth exposed surface of de
tached boulders of a hard, dark-colored rock, from one to ten feet in
diameter. The engraving seems to have been done with some rather
blunt-pointed instrument, as the figures have the appearance of being
pricked in, not scratched or cut They are generally, but not always,
rather coarse, and being quite shallow, they are often difficult to dis.
cern. All observed were on the north side of the canon and on the
southern face of the boulders. The canon here cuts through what ap.
pears to be an immense glacial morain whith extends along the west-
ern slopes of the groups of mountains, culminating in Mount Nebo.

Mr. Johnson says that when he came there, over twenty-five years
ago, they appeared as old as they do now. Originally there were a
good many more, which have been broken up and carried off for
building stone, etc. I was unable to obtain any further information
regarding their origin or meaning. Mr. Johnson says that simila.
carvings are not uncommon in sovthern Utah, where he has also seen
them painted in colors. Indian mounds are quite common in differ-
ent parts of Utah, but I was unable to examine any. The pottery, etc.
found in them seems to bear a considerable resemblance to that now
made by the Moquis Indians of Arizona. Judging from a few speci
mens given in Hayden’s Report, these hieroglyphics are also much
like those of the Moquis. According to the Mormons, the Moquis
once were a large and powerful tribe occupying the plains of Utah,but
the Piedies and Utes overwhe!med them and they were driven South,
until they took refuge in the almost inaceessable canons, where the
small remnant still reside. It has been suggested that perhaps there
may be some connection between these Moquis Indians and our sc-
ealled Mound Builders.

Summit Canon is still used to some extent by the Ute Indians, in

+

144 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,

passing from Utah Lake to Thistle Valley. The inscriptions may pos-
sibly have been made to mark the entrance to the pass, or the canon
may have been used as a place of retreat in time of danger. In several
places it forms a narrow gorge, so. that a very small number could de-
fend it, and in the upper part there is plenty of game and grass. Sev-
eral of the inscriptions would seem to indicate that game of various
kinds had been abundant in the vicinity. On a large boulder, about
the center of the group, is a very elaborate hunting scene, (Plate
XXVIII, fig. 1). The animals represented are probably mountain
sheep, though they look more lik« goats. Three men are engaged ina
hunt. The geometrical figures above are probably intended as a rec-
ord of thanksgiving, and possibly the sun and the moon may be meant
by some of the figures. These carvings of animals are the best execu-
ted of the whole lot. The entire figure covers a space of about five
by six feet.

On another boulder, (No. 2), are represented several other animals
on a larger scale, three of these, apparently a beaver, a bear and some
other animal are quite plain. The figure of aman has two zigzag
lines extending upwards and one to the right. Similar zigzag lines
occur frequently among the inscriptions, (No. 5, 6, 7, 8,) and are prob-
ably meant for snakes, which are also represented coiled up, (No. 6,
7,9, 10). The snake therefore seems to have been a favorite symbol.
The animal on No. 4, I take to be intended for an elk, but it is rather
coarse. The upper figures may be meant for a tree, and that on the
left, fora man. Man is represented on different boulders by a variety
ot forms, (No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 14, etc.,) some of which are not
very certain. No.6 must represent some very important person, as it
is unusually well done, and is accompanied with coiled and uncoiled
snakes. I cannot even guess at the meaning of any of the other in-
scriptions. No. 10 is quite elaborate. Each number indicates a sep-
arate boulder. They were sketched hastily in my note book, on the
afternoon of August 12th. 1875, and may not always be perfectly exact,
but they will probably serve to give a fair idea of the character of the
carvings.

LITTLE POPO-AGIE RIVER, WYOMING.

On the morning of June 29th, 1873, just as we were breaking our
camp on the Little Popo agie, we discovered a large number of hiero-
zlyphics coarsely Cut in a nearly vertical cliff of buff sandstone, imme-
diately in the rear of Murphy’s Ranch. Several members of the party
made rough sketches of what they could see.

Prof. Comstock in his Report on the Geology of Captain Jones’
Expedition to Northwestern Wyoming in 1878, mentions these hiero-
slyphies, and some figures are there given.

In September, I again stopped over night here and justas the sun
was rising in the morning, I had a very fine opportunity to examine
shem, and was able to make out many figures we did not see before,

PUTNAM ON HIEROGLYPHICS. a 145

and roughly drew them in my note book. (Plate XXVII). The num-
bers show the order in which they occurred on the cliff, No. 1 being
the most to the left. Nos. 1 to6 are quite closely connected. The
principal cracks in the rocks are shown in the drawing. No. 6 prob-
ably records some important historical event or battle. Mr. Murphy,
who has lived near by for a number of years, thinks it represents an
attack on some frontier military post—possibly the massacre of Fort
Phil. Kearney, in 1859. The left hand figure he says represents the
Indian town which they left by a trail indicated by a row of dots, and
the right hand figure is the Fort, which was attacked. The men on
horseback represent cavalry, and those on foot infantry. The marks
between the figures and the fort represent the killed and wounded,
where a battle was fought. The large figure in No. 4, he says, repre-
sents the sun, and the figures with five branches which are found in
several places, are hands held up in worship. These figures are prob-
ably not very ancicnt as the rock is not remarkably hard. This local-
ity though on the Shoshone Reservation is very frequently visited by
various bands of the Arapahoes and Sioux while on their marauding
raids.
DAVENPORT, DECEMBER, 1875.

Summer Botanizing in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah Ter’y.
A LETTER ADDRESSED TO PROF. ASA GRAY,

BY C. C. PARRY.
Professor Asa Gray— :

Dear Sim: The interest you have been pleased to take, for many
years past, in my botanical explorations in Western North America,
suggests the propriety of addressing to you the following brief
sketches of summer botanizing in the Wasatch, during the past sea-
son—1875. Although the early botanical collections of Nuttall, Fre-
mont, Stansbury, H. Engelmann, and others, over this and adjoining
districts, together with the later very thorough examinations by Mr.
Sereno Watson, the results of which are embodied in the Botanical Re-
port, King’s Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel, Vol. V, left
little to expect in the way of discovery of new species, I was nevertheless
desirous of making a somewhat continuous series of observations from
the Eastern Rocky Mountain District, with which I was tolerably fa-
miliar, to the Pacific coast, and especially of noting the geographical
range of the Conifere from East to West.

Accordingly, in the latter part of June, reaching the Salt Lake
basin, I selected a location near the head of Lake Utah, not far from
the high culminating point of the Wasatch range known as Mount
Nebo. Owing to the lateness of the season,the scanty spring verdure of
the plains and foot-hills had mostly given place to the dull brown

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vot. I. [20] May, 1876.

146 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

of summer, partially relieved, however, by the patchy green of the
scrub-oak (Quercus undulata, Torr.) on the hill-sides and the tule bogs
and grassy swales adjoining Spring Lake, near which were agreeably
located the flourishing orchards and gardens of our friendly host, B.F.
Johnson, Esq.

My scientific associate on this as well as two previous seasons, J.
Duncan Putnam, found congenial employment in extending his knowl-
edge of Rocky Mountain entomology, as well as keeping up a con-
tinuous meteorological record.

My first ascent of the high mountain ridge adjoining Spring Lake
on the east was made on the Ist of July. Soon after leaving the val-
ley, the steep gravelly slope, marking the ancient lake margin, gives
place to the abrupt foot-hills scantily c’othed with low tufted plants
and straggling shrubs, conspicuous among the latter being Cowania
Mexicana, Cercocarpus parvifolius and Cere carpus ledifolius, var. It was
not till after a lively climb of 1500 feet or more that there was any es-
sential change in the monotonous floral features; but with the occur-
rence of scattered balsam firs (Ades concolor), indicating a more copi-
ous precipitation of moisture, a much greater freshness of vegetation
was apparent, and several familiar mountain forms made their ap-
pearance, including Spheralcea acerifolia, Mitella trifida, Viola canina,
etc. In the deep ravines on either hand, generally dry, there was a
choked up growth of scrub-maple (Acer grandidentutum), Rosa, Pru-
nus, and other plants affecting moist locations. Above this comes in
a denser growth of Abées concolor mixed with Abies Douglasti, forming
regular forests. We pass occasional groves of Mountain Mahagony
(Cercocarpus ledifolius), here frequently attaining a height of 25 feet,
with low stocky trunks often a foot in diameter. The main ridge,
having an elevation of not less than 2500 feet above the valley, forms a
sharp rocky crest, dropping off with a still more abrupt slope to the
east upon an irregular broken country, cut up by ravines and ridges,
extending toward the head waters of the San Pete, one of the main
north-eastern tributaries of the Sevier River. Following the main ridge
to the south, by a series of abrupt ascents a still greater elevation is
reached, commanding extensive views of the Utah basin.

At these higher points, the purple-coned steeple-pointed balsam-
fir makes its appearance, plainly identical with the common Rocky
Mountain species heretofore designated by Dr. Engelmann as Abdzes
grandis, Lindl., but now regarded as a distinct species near to A. balsa-
med, L., viz: Abies occidentalis, Engel. ined. The western range of this
species is not yet fully determined, as it has not, so far, been authenti-
cally traced west of the Wasatch.

At this point a wasting snow-drift, which a week later would have
entirely disappeared, offered the only supply of water met with on our
route, which was accordingly improved to give relish to our pocket-
lunch. Near its bo ders grew a belated patch of bright yellow violets

PARRY.—BOTANY OF THE WASATCH MTS. 147
just in full bloom; this which seems intermediate in character between
Viola Nuttallii and V. pedunculata, has been noted by Mr. Watson as
V. Nuttalliz, var. venosa, but is now referred by him to the Californian
species, V. aurea, Kellogg, as a variety.

Quite common along the ridge was the well-marked Orthocorpus
Tolmet, Hook., just coming in flower, which we afterwards found abund-
ant on all the high ridges in this vicinity, continuing to send out
flowering branches till checked by early frost. Besides the above
noted, few other plants are deserving of special mention on this our
first mountain reconnoisance. One main object of our trip was to de-
termine definitely the important practical question whether the fruit-
ing of Abzes was strictly biennial, or, in exceptional cases, annual. I
had noted in 1874, the abundant seeding of Abdes all over this district,
extending to the Eastern Rocky Mountains, but now not a single de-
veloping cone could be met with in passing through extensive forests
of Abies concolor, this condition also holding good of other species.
The same fact has also been noted by the enterprising collector, J. G.
Lemmon in the Sierra Nevada, so that it may be definitely stated, for
the benefit of future collectors, that only on even years can Abies be re-
lied on for a seed crop. The only exception thus far known to me, oc
curs in the Coast Range, in Mendocino county, California, from which
point fresh fruiting cones were sent of what purported to be Abzes
grandis gathered in 1875.

Immediately succeeding this first mountain trip, the lower foot-
hills and marshy ground adjoining Spring Lake offered a few interest-
ing points of observation. My attention was first directed to a form of
Cercocarpus, quite common on dry rocky slopes, which seems to be
the same as what has been lately characterized by Mr. Watson as (.
intricutus, a. sp. I had previously, in 1874, casually examined this
plant, and made scanty collections, regarding it as a depauperate va-
riety of (. ledéfolius. This view was fully confirmed the present sea-
son by being able to trace out a regular series of intermediate forms
in habit and foliage, asa general thing determined by the nature of the
soil, or degree of moisture; thus whenever the circumstances were un-
favorable to vigorous growth, the plant exhibited a stunted, snarled
and starved appearance with narrower closely revolute leaves, repre-
senting (. éntricatus, while on richer soil, or higher and moister local-
ities, the ordinary form of (. ledéfolius was exhibited. It may be
worth noting here, that the exceedingly close heavy texture of the
wood, which has given rise t» the popular name of ‘“ Mountain Ma-
hogany” for this species, is in great measure injured for any useful
appliances by a tendency to season-crack, even when carefully pro-
tected from exposure, so that it is impossible to obtain solid blocks.

Other characteristic plants met with on the foot-hills were Ceano-
thus velutinus, Hedysarum Mackenzti, Zauschneria Californica, Pentste-
mon EHatont, Hriogonum racemosum, and occasional thick mats of Wood-

148 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

sia Oregana. My attention here was also drawn to a species of Hehi-
nospermum quite common in gravelly debrés at the outlet of ravines.
This has been noted in all recent collections and descriptive lists as
Echinospermun deflecum, var. floribundum. Having frequently observed
and collected the typical species as figured in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.,
I felt confident that the plant here met with was quite distinct, and I
was confirmed in this opinion by meeting later with genuine speci-
mens of the true #. deflerwn, thus furnishing the means for direct com-
parison. My notes and specimens not being. now accessible, I can
only indicate the chief points of difference serving to distinguish our
Utah plant, viz: Perennial (not biennial) roots; slender sub-decum-
bent flowering stems; irregular prickles on the dorsal face of the nut-
lets. Should this diagnosis be confirmed by farther observation, our
species may bear the name, Hehinospermum subdecumbens.

Along the numerous water courses, which originate in copious
clear springs breaking out at the base of the mountain ridge near
Spring Lake, and which have been collected into a respectable pond
for irrigating purposes, there is arank growth of aquatic plants rep-
resented mainly by eastern forms, including Hupatortum purpureum,
Rumex maritimus, Alisma Plantago, and Sagittarta variabilis. The more
exclusive western aspect is exhibited in Parnassia parvifolia, Erythrea
Douglasii, and Epipactis gigantea. Everywhere in flowing brooks and
springs the European water-cress floats on the surface; still
comparatively rare in the Eastern States, it seems to have found a con-
genial home in the far west and is now to be found in nearly every
spring through the interior basin and on the Pacific coast!

In the frequent presence of these common eastern forms it seems
somewhat strange not to meet with any representative of the pond-
lilies, Nuphar, Nymphea, or Nelumbium, in the numerous muddy la-
goons and Jake margins, bordered everywhere by Scirpus, Typha, etc.
Evidently the lack of natural means for transporting seed accounts
for this fact, which is likely at no distant day to be supplied by hu-
man agency.

On the 14th of July the higher mountain districts were accessible,
the heavy snow slides of the previous winter being so far diminished
as to render the mountain roads passable; accordingly with necessary
bedding, provision, and botanical portfolio securely lashed to the run-
ning-gear of a lumber wagon, we followed the rough track leading up
Summit Canon to the upper saw-mills near the base of Mount Nebo.
On reaching the precipitous wall of limestone rock waich confronted
us like an impassable barrier, the peculiar flora of the district made
its appearance. Threading a rude defile along the edge of a dashing
mountain stream, the rocks on either hand rise to a dizzy height, and
perched in inaccessible crevices, tempting clumps of Laphamia Stans-
buriana, Tanacetum diversifolium, and Heuchera rubescens everywhere
met the eye. Ata greater elevation the rocks dipping quite sharply in

PARRY.—BOTANY OF THE WASATCH MTS. 149

the direction of our route, these coveted plants were accessible to our
botanical clutch, and copious specimens were soon transferred to our
portfolio, during the necessary pauses while the laboring team panted
up the steep rocky ascent.

Little snow-fed rills on either hand slid over the polished rocks, or
dashed in miniature cataracts, marking the bed of a winter avalanche.
In one of the largest of these side-ravines scooped out of the steepest
recesses of the mountain wall, the remains of a snow-slide lay directly
across ourtrack. The snow, rapidly wasting in the warm rays of a mid-
summer sun, was strewn with crushed fragments of the vegetation and
rocks that were gathered in its course. At several points we were
shown places made memorable by the loss of men and animals over-
whelmed and buried beneath these treacherous accumulations of win-
ter storms. Along the track of these snow-slides some of the best bot-
anizing was brought to view, in belated tufts of Pellea Brewerz, cling-
ing tenaciously to rock-crevices. Just coming into flower the charm-
ingly fragrant Monardella odoratissima was conspicuous, and loosely
attached to masses of saturated moss occurred extensive beds of Aqui-
legia flavescens, evidently owing its preservation in such precarious sit-
uations to its facility for being moved and replanted under similar
conditions, as well as to a copious production of seed. Higher up the
chasm was found Crepis mucronata, associated with Habenaria dilatata
and Curex festiva; also strangely remote from its high northern and
European huibitat grew thrifty tufts of Aspidium Lonchitis.

Farther up in the passage of this rocky defile, an ascent of about
2000 feet in a distance of two miles brings us to a more open country,
where the ridges on either hand rise in more rounded but still quite
abrupt slopes; here the scattering coniferous growth is composed mainly
of Abies Douglusii, A. concolor, A. occidentalis, and occasional trees of
A. Engelmonni, this prevalent evergreen growth alternating with thick
copses of aspen poplar, and along the stream-courses with alder, birch
and willow thickets. Here the unusual freshness of vegetation, due to
a prevalence of mountain fog and summer rains, is evidenced in the
usually high mountain forms including Aconitum nasutum, Cardamine
cordifolia, Heracleum lanutum, Suxifraga estivalis, Geranium Richard -
sonit, Mertensia Sibirica.

From our mountain camp, pleasantly located on the borders of a
clear dashing stream, the higher alpine ridges were accessible by a
comparatively easy day’s climb.

After due caution from my friendly lumbering comrades to “look
out for bears and panthers,” I made an early start armed only with a
botanical portfolio, a large sheath knife for digging, and a pocket
lunch. Rough logging roads leading by steep grades to detached
groves of Abies Engelmann, which under the common name of “‘ white
pine” is the most valued lumber product of this district, afforded the
easiest route to the bald ridges above. On the route, Sorbus Americuni,

150 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

then in full flower, was conspicuous, and higher up a familiar look-
ing eastern Lonicera (L. ciliatv), made its appearance. Where snow-
drifts had lately disappeared the delayed vegetation afforded fine
flowering specimens of Hrythronium grondiflorum, which had long

since gone to fruit in the lower valleys. <Aguilegia cerulea was
frequent here, invariably with white flowers, and more rarely

we encountered the elegant alpine climber, Clematis (Atragene)
alpina. On all the slopes covered with rich soil there was a profuse
growth of Epilobium angustifolivm, reaching to the arm-pits, mixed
with which in damp exposures was an equally rank growth of Merten-
sia Sibirica. Not unfrequent in aspen copses we also find Ligustrum
filicinum, Watson, formerly confounded with L. scopulorum.

On the bald alpine slopes there was less variety than I hoped to
find; none of the neat Rocky Mountain clovers, no tufted saxifrages
nor alpine Pedicularias, only a single Castilleia (C. pallida var.), and a
straggling Silene (9. Douglaszi), but as a partial reward for such defi-
ciencies I was fortunate in meeting with abundant flowering specimens
of Synthyris pinnatifida, and a neat yellow-flowered Eriogonum, Z£.
chrysocephalum, recently described in Proc. Am. Acad. Vol. XI, p. 101.

A subsequent visit later in the season to the direct northern slope
of Mt. Nebo revealed a somewhat richer flora, including most unex-
pectedly large patches of Primula Parry growing on gravelly slopes
quite out of the range of aipine streams, though probably covered late
with an accumulation of winter snow. At the time of my visit, Aug-
ust 22d, it was in fruit, its capsules already open, and with mature seeds.
Associated with this may also be noted Ranunculus adoneus, Arenuria
biflora, Senecio Fremontiz, etc.

The paucity of the high alpine flora in this section is doubtless to
be accounted for by the absence of constant water-courses; no per-
sistent bodies of snow remaining through the late summer months to
give origin to those alpine brooks which elsewhere support such a
varied and attractive array of floral forms.

It was therefore found advisable to locate our permanent mountain
camp at a lower elevation, where numerous springs breaking out along
the course of deep ravines gave issue to clear ice-cold mountain
brooks, supporting the greatest variety of attractive vegetation.

Among the plants here brought to view in various rambles during
the month of August may be mentioned Gentiana heterosepala, taking
the place of G. amarella, var. acuta, in the Eastern Rocky Mountain
district; a variety of Pentstemon glaueus, with deep maroon colored
flowers; Cirewu alpina, a common eastern sp2cies not before credited
to this region; Stellariv crassifolia, forming dense leafy cushions on the
mould of decayed wood; Osmorrhiza brevistyla, together with several
other undetermined Umbeliiferw ; Galium bifolium, Watson, and in a sin-
gle locality on the slope of a brick-red gravelly hill occurred large
patches of Jvesia Gordon?, associated with a suftruticose Pentstemon

PARRY.—BOTANY OF THE WASATCH MTS. 151

(P. Kingzi, Watson ?), and Jarge bushy clumps of Wyethia amplexicaulis.
The tangled undergrowth is largely made up of the common red rasp-
berry (Rubus strigosus), and the more showy Rubus Nutkanus, both
fruiting abundantly; later in the season Aster eleguns, var. Engel-
manni, is conspicuous, its rather coarse habit and large white flowers
hardly deserving the appellation implied in the specific name; as a
rarity may be noted Prosartes trachysperma, Watson, with deep orange
or bright scarlet fruit, loosely attached to its decaying stems. Every-
where on dry hill-slopes occurs the rather showy Lophanthus urtice-
folius, and along the borders of streams the singular Rudbeckia occiden-
talis with its deep purple teasel-like head is frequent.

Among the plants affecting rocky locations, the most eagerly
watched and the latest to flower was the remarkable Spires cespitosa,
Nutt. Popularly known under the appropriate common name of
“tree moss,” it spreads its closely matted foliage over the face of bare
rocks, insinuating its taproots abundantly garnished with terminal
fibers into the narrowest crevices, to which it adheres with a grip al-
most as tenacious as the rock itself; only when accidentally it has
taken root in a coarse gravelly debris can it be successfully removed
with its terminal fibrous roots. The main stem, often attaining a
thickness of an inch or more, divides horizontally into radiating
gnarled branches, which send off from the axils of the primary leaves
numerous leafy rosettes by which the growth of the plant is main-
tained, and from the axis of which the slender bracted flower stems
arise. These stems from 3 to 6 inches high are crowned for about
one-third of their length with a dense cylindrical spike of small white
flowers, with exserted style and stamens, set in a light green tomentose
calyx. In thrifty specimens these flowering spikes are occasionally
branched. The prostrate growing shoots whenever they light upon a
suitable crevice strike root and thus help to maintain the growth of
the parent plant; where these favorable conditions are wanting, the
whole plant often covering several square feet can be lifted up, show-
ing on the under surface the remains of dead leaves, in the decaying
mould of which moisture is retained to keep up the fresh verdure of the
young twigs. Itseems to flourish best on the north side of exposed lime-
stone rocks occupying a considerable range of altitude above the lower
foot-hills, choosing by preference the rugged slopes of moderately steep
canons. Its flowering period is earliest on the higher elevations, con-
tinuing from the latter part of August to the firstof October. The pecu-
liar adaptation of this plant for ornamental rock-work can be appre-
ciated by those who have once seen it in its native haunts, and it is
hoped that from plants and seeds somewhat copiously collected it
may eventually find a much larger number of admirers in gardens de-
voted to this charming class of horticultural adornments.

Among other associated rock-plants late in the season, is a
dwarf white flowered Aster, with glossy lanceolate leaves, occasionally

152 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

serrate, and foliaceous spreading involucral scales. Though doubtfully
referred to A. ‘ntegrifolius, Nutt., it is more probably an undescribed
species, which can only be safely determined on a revision of this
large and polymorphous genus. In similar, situations we also meet
with Hrigeron flagellaris.

The. forest growth of this district is quite limited, as before indica-
ted; the scarcity of the common Rocky Mountain yellow pine (Pinus
ponderosa), and the less valuable Pinus contorta, serves to diminish
materially the lumber products, and the scattered growth and infe-
tior quality of such as are attainable render the labor of the lumber-
men exceedingly arduous and poorly remunerative. In this con-
nexion may be noticed the not infrequent occurrence of the para-
sitic Arceuthobium Americanum, which is here met with attached indif-
ferently to Abses Douglusit, A. occidentalis and A. concolor, though in the
Rocky Mountain districts it is found quite exclusively confined to
Pinus contorta.

Taken asa whole, the Flora of this district must be regarded as
extremely meagre, and a fit representative of that forbidding soil and
rigorous climate best adaptcd for an isolated civilization in which
such strange social problems as Mormonism may be worked out with
least disturbance of the general weal. .

Respectfully yours,
C. C. Parry.

San BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA, February, 1876.

LIST OF PHA NOGAMOUS PLANTS,

Collected in the vicinity of Davenport, Iowa, by J. J. Nagel and
J.G. Haupt, during the years 1870 to 1875, inclusive.

But few localities in the west have been so frequently
and thoroughly explored by competent botanists as that of
Davenport and vicinity. As early as 1846, Dr. C. C.
Parry began extensive collections of the indigenous plants
of this locality. (See Owen’s Report on the Geology of
Wisconsin, Iowa ana Minnesota, p. 606). Since that time
valuable collections have been made by Prof. D. S. Sheldon
of Griswold College, Mr. Serano Watson of Cambridge,
the late Mr. Alfred Sanders of this city, and more recently,
Mrs. E. A. Graham, instructor in Botany in the Training
department of our city schools. These collections embrace
a number of species no longer to be found in this locality.
but as will be seen from the following list of plants reeent-
ly collected, comparatively few species have disappeared
while a number have become naturalized and others have
been sparingly introduced, of which the older collectors
make no mention. In preparing this list we have con-
formed to the 5th ed. of Gray’s Manual. With a few ex-
ceptions all the plants mentioned are preserved in the her-
barium of the Academy, which now contains over two
thousand species.

Ranunculaceae.

Clematis Pitcheri, T. & G.....Leather-tiower. June.
Ry Virginiana, L....Common Virgin’s Bower. July.
Anemone Caroliniana, Walt....Carolina Anemone. May.

- cylindrica, Gr.....Long-fruited « -
sf Virginiana, L....Tall 6 July.
be Pennsylvanica, L....Pennsylvanian “ June.
He nemorosa, L..~..Wind-flower. Wood “ May.

ie “ var. quinque folia, Gr.
Hepatica triloba, Chaix....Round-lobed Hepatica. April.

Proc. D. A.N: S. Vor. f. [21] May, 1876.

154 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Hepatica acutiloba, DC.....Sharp lobed Hepatica.
Thalictrum anemonoides, Mx....Rue-anemone.

a purpurascens, L....Purplish meadow-rue.
4 cornuti L....Tall s ef
Ranunculus, multifidus, Ph.... Yellow water-crowfoot.

abortivus, L....Small-flowered W

“ sceleratus, L.....Cursed 23

ae recurvatus, Poir....Hooked isi
fascicularis, Muhl....Early “s
repens, L....Creeping Z

Caltha palustris, L.... Marsh marigold.
Aquilegia Canadensis, L....Wild columbine.
Delphinium exaltatum, Ait....Tall Larkspur.

s azureum, Mx.....Azure “
Actea alba, Bigel....White baneberry.
Magnoliacee.
Liriodendron Tulipifera, L....Tulip-tree. R. I.
Menispermacee.
Menispermum Canadense, L... Canadian moonseed.
Berberidacee.

Caulophyllum thalictroides, Mx... .Pappoose-root.
Podophyllum peltatum, L....Mandrake.
Nympheacee.
Nymphea odorata, Ait... .Water-lily.
Nuphar advena, Ait ... Yellow pond-lily.
pHaE Sarraceniacee.
Sarracenia purpurea, L....Side-saddle flower.
Papaveracee.
Sanguinaria Canadensis, L....Blood-root.
Fumariacee.
Dicentra cueullaria, DC. ...Dutchman’s breeches.
Corydalis aurea, Willd.....Golden corydal.

Crucifere.
Nasturtium sinuatum, Nutt....Water-cress.
as obtusum, Nutt.... se
palustre, DC.....Marsh cress.
s us var. hispidum, Gr. °. .cress.
“s Armoracia, Fries... .Horse-radish.

Dentaria laciniata, Muhl....Pepper-root.
Cardamine rhomboidea, DC... .Spring cress.
. hirsuta, L....Common bitter cress.

Arabis lyrata, L...-Rock cress.

“ dentata, T & G....Rock cress.

ue Canadensis, L....Sickle-pod.

se Drummondii, Gr....Tower mustard.
Erysimum cheiranthoides, L....Wormseed mustard,

NAGEL AND HAUPT ON DAVENPORT FLORA.

Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. ...Hedge mustard.
ne canescens, Nutt....Tansy s
Brassica Sinapistrum, Bois....Field ss
aii nigra, Gr....Black “
Draba cuneifolia, Nutt.... Whitlow grass.
Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Mcench....Shepherd’s purse.
Lepidium Virginicum, L....Wild Peppergrass.
ee intermedium, Gr....Common “
Capparidacee.
Polanisia graveolens, Raf. ...Polanisia.
Violacee.
Viola blanda, Willd... Sweet white violet.
« cucullata, Ait....Common blue violet.
se var. palmata, Gr....Hand-leaf “
ee sagittata, Ait....Arrow-leaved
ie pedata, L....Bird-foot. ‘s

be pubescens, Ait.... Downy yellow “
ec “f var. eriocarpa, Nutt, “
Cistacee.
Helianthemum Canadense, Mx....Frost-weed.
Hypericacee.

July.
May.
April.
July.
May.

July.
May.

April.
May.

Hypericum pyramidatum, Ait....Great St. John’s Wort. “

e mutilum, L....Low ayy .
e Canadense,L....Common ‘“ s s

Caryophyllacee.

Vaccaria vulgaris, Host... .Cow-herb.
Silene nivea, DC....Campion.
- “ — noetifiora, L....Night-fiowering catchfly.
Lychnis Githago, Lam. ...Corn-cockle
Arenaria lateriflora, L....Side-fl. Sandwort.
Cerastium vulgatum, L....Mouse-ear chickweed.

“s nutans, Raf... < “

Portulacacee.

Portulaca oleracea, L....Common purslane.

a retusa, Engelm, ... “ “
Claytonia Virginica, L....Spring beauty.

Malvacee.

Malva rotundifolia, L....Common mallow.

“ sylvestris, L....High ae
Malvastrum angustum, Gr....Dr. C. C. Parry, 1865.
Abutilon Avicenne, Gtn....Velvet-leaf.

Tiliacea.
Tilia Americana, L....Bass-wood.

Linacee.
Linum Virginianum, L.... Wild flax.

June.
May.

July.
April.
April.

July.

August.

July.

July.

July.

156 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Geraniacee.
Geranium maculatum, L... Wild cranesbill. May.
Impatiens fulva, Nutt....Spotted Touch-me-not. July.
Oxalis violacea, L....Violet wood-sorrel. May.
x stricta, L....Yellow ‘“ ‘ June.
Rutacee.
Zanthoxylum Americanum, Mill...,Northern prickly ash. May.
Ptelia trifoliata, L....Hop-tree. June.
Anacardiacee.
Rhus typhina, L....Staghorn sumach. June.
“glabra, L....Smooth “ ac
Vitacee.
Vitis cordifolia, Mx....Winter-grape. May.
Ampelopsis quinquefolia; Mx..... Virginia creeper July.
Rhamnacee.
Rhamnus lanceolatus, Ph....Buck-thorn. May.
Ceanothus Americanus, L....New Jersey Tea. July.
Celastrace@.
Celastrus scandens, L....Wax-work. May. °
Sapindacee.
Staphylea trifolia, L....American bladder-nut. ae
Aesculus Hippocastanum, L....Horse-chesnut. »
Acer saccharinum, Wang.....Sugar maple. ie
“ dasycarpum....Ehrh....White maple. April.
Negundo aceroides, Moench. .. . Box-Elder. 5 x
Polygalacee.
Polygala Senega, L....Seneca Snakeroot. May.
Leguminose.
Trifolium pratense, L....Red clover. May.
se repens, L....White “ “
Melilotus officinalis, Willd.... Yellow melilot. August.
se alba, Lam ...White se i
Psoralea floribunda, Nutt... .Psoralea. x
Petalostemon violaceus, Mx..... Violet prairie clover. July.
- candidus, Mx.... White as 5 ~
Amorpha fruticosa, L....False Indigo. June-
3 canescens, Nutt... .Lead-Plant. July.
Robinia Pseudacacia, L....Common Locust. May.
Tephrosia Virginiana, Pers. ...Goat’s Rue. June.
Astragalus distortus, T. & G....Milk-vetch. May.
Desmodium paniculatum, DC....Tick Trefoil. July.
Lathyrus venosus, Muhl. ...Everlasting Pea June.
Apios tuberosa, Moench....Ground nut. August.
Baptisia leucantha, T. & G....False Indigo. June.

a leucophaea, Nutt.... “ a May.

NAGEL AND HAUPT ON DAVENPORT FLORA.

Cercis Canadensis, L....Red-bud. May
Cassia Marilandica, L.... Wild Senna. July
“ Chamaecrista, L.... Partridge Pea. bs
Gymnocladus Canadensis, Lam....Kentucky coffee-tree. June
Gleditschia triacanthos, L ...Three-thorned Acacia. sf
Rosacee.
Prunus Americana, Marshall....Wild yellow plum. May
' “ WVirginiana, L....Choke-cherry. ; =
“ serotina, Ehrh.... Wild black cherry. =
Spiraea salicifolia, L....Common meadow-sweet. July.
Agrimonia Eupatoria, L....Common agrimony. August
Geum album, Gmelin. ...White Avens. July.
“ strictum, Ait....Stout yellow avens. ‘f
Potentilla Norvegica, L....Spreading cinquefoil. “
“ Canadensis, L....Common Z- May.
ne arguta, Ph....Erect ks July.
Fragaria Virginiana, Ehr. var. Illinoensis, Gr. May
me vesca, L....Wild Strawberry. oi
Rubus occidentalis, L.... Black Raspberry. s
2 villosus, Ait....Common ae
Rosa lucida, Ehr... Dwarf Rose. June
“ vlanda, Ait.....Early “ se
Crataegus coccinea, L....Scarlet-fr. Thorn. May
u. tomentosa, L....Black or Pear Thorn. ss
es £ var. pyrifolia, Gr....Pear Thorn. a
cs ss var. mollis, Gr.... eA
Pyrus coronaria, L....American crab-apple. as
orn Americana. DC. +. mountain-ash. st
Saxtfragucee.
Ribes Cynosbati, L.... Wild Gooseberry. se
“ rotundifolium, Mx. ...Smooth wild gooseberry. =
“ floridum, L ...Wild black currant. %
“rubrum, i ...Red currant. i
Saxifraga Ponieivanied’ L....Swamp Saxifrage.
Heuchera hispida, Ph.. wy N cer June.
Mitella diphylla, L... Hie core May.
Crassulacee
Penthorum sedoides, L.... Ditch stone-crop. August
Onagracee.
Circaea Lutetiana, L....Enchanter’s Nightshade. July.
Epilobium angustifolium, L....Great willow-herb. se
% palustre, L. var. Hiibare, Gr..Com. Breaow -herb. Aug

ce coloratum, Muhl.... Bright
Oenothera biennis, L... “Evening Primrose.
Ludwigia polycarpa, S. & P....Swamp purslane.

158 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Lythracee.
Lythrum alatum, Ph....Common loose-strife. June.
Cucurbitacee.
Sicyos angulatus, L ...One-seeded’ star-cucumber. August.
Echinocystis lobata, T. & G..... Wild balsam apple. fs
Umbellifera.
’ Sanicula Canadensis, L....Black Snake root. July.

s Marilandica, L.. a & June.
Eryngium yuccaefolium, ve . «|. Rattle-snake-master. July.
Polytaenia Nuttallii, DC....Wild Parsnip. May.
Pastinaca sativa, L....Commona se July.
Conioselinum Canadense, T, & G....Hemlock-parsley. August.
Thaspium aureum, Nutt... Meadow-parsnip. June.
Zizia integerrima, DC... .Zizia, ‘
Cicuta maculata, L....Spotted cowbane. August.
Sium lineare, Mx....Water parsnip. July.
Cryptotaenia Canadensis, DC.....Honewort June.

Osmorrhiza longistylis, DC.....Smoother Sweet Cicely ee
‘ ’ brevistylis, DC. . yates ‘ 3 “
Conium maculatum, L.. Bk sis hemlock, Brady St. road. July.

Araliacee.
Aralia racemosa, L....Spikenard, rare. fF
_“ — nudicaulis,....Wild Sarsaparilla, rare. June.
Cornacee.
Cornus sericea, L....Kinnikinnik. 4
ct paniculata, I.’H....Panicled Cornel. ss
Caprifoliacee.
Lonicera flava, Sims.... Yellow Honey-suckle. June.
Triosteum perfoliatum, L ...Horse-gentian. May.
¢ angustifolium, L.... “ ss é‘ ‘f
Sambucus Canadensis, L... Common elder. June.
+S pubens, Mx....Red-berried ‘“ May.
Viburnum Lentago, L....Sheep-berry. $6
Rubiacee. .
Galium concinnum, T. & G ....Common Bed-straw. July.
P43 trifidum, L....Small ye June.
Cephalanthus occidentalis, L....Button-bush. July.
Composite.
Vernonia Noveboracensis, Willd.... Iron-weed Sept.
Liatris squarrosa, Willd....Blazing Star. Hy
Kuhnia eupatorioides, L....Kuhnia. August.
Eupatorium purpureum, L....Joe-Pye-Weed.
St, perfoliatum, L....Bone-set. ‘<
& ageratoides, L.... White Snake-root- Sept.
Aster multiflorus, Ait....Many-flowered aster. Oct.

Erigeron Canadense....Horse-weed, August.

NAGEL AND HAUPT ON DAVENPORT FLORA. 159

. Erigeron Philadelphicum,....Fleabane. May
‘Solidago rigida, L....Upright golden-rod. {@ Sept.
x ulmifolia, Muhl ...Elm-leaved golden-rod. :
rupestris, Raf.... Hardy fe CELIA EE
ss Canadensis, L....Common

serotina, Ait....Smooth ts August.
sf gigantea, Ait....Great ssa ' Sept.
oo lanceolata, L....Lance-leaved se se
Silphium integrifolium, Mx... .Rosin-plant. =
s perfoliatum, L ...Cup-plant. we
Ambrosia trifida, L....Great Rag-weed. oy
sy artemisiaefolia, L....Roman wormwood. ue
Xanthium strumarium, L./..Common Cockle-bur. a
Heliopsis laevis, Pers... .Ox-eye. -- August.
Echinacea angustifolia, DC. ... Purple Cone-flower. July.
Rudbeckia hirta, L....Smaller ae <
Helianthus rigidus, Desf... .Sun-flower. Sept.
ss grosse-serratus, Mart........ Large-tooth sun-flower. ‘
oa hirsutus, Raf... . Hairy s Aug.
Actinomeris squarrosa, Nutt....Actinomeris. Sept’
Coreopsis palmata, Nutt....Hand-leaved Tick-seed. July.
Bidens frondosa, L....Common beggar-ticks. Sept.

“ _cernua, L....Bur-marigold...- | August.
Dysodia chrysanthemoides, Lag....Fetid marigold. July
Helenium autumnale, L....Sneeze-weed. August.
Maruta Cotula, DC....Common May-weed. July.
Achilleia millefolium, L....Common Yarrow. June.
Antennaria margaritacea, R. Br....Pearly Everlasting. July.

fe plantaginifolia, Hook....Plantain-leaved “= May.
Cacalia suaveolens, L....Common Indian plantain. Oct.

Fs tuberosa, Nutt....Tuberous “ es July.
Senecio aureus, L ...Golden rag-wort. May.
Cirsium lanceolatum, Scop....Common Thistle. August.

“ —altissimum, Spreng... .Tall % Sept.

“arvense, Scop... Canada a July.
Lappa officinalis, All. var. major, Gr....Common burdock. Aug.
Cychorium Intybus, L....Succory or cichory. July.
Cynthia Virginica, Don... .Cynthia. June.
Troximon cuspidatum, Ph....Pale dandelion May.
Nabalus albus, Hook... .. Rattle-snake-root. Sept.
Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Desf....Common dandelion. May.
Lactuca Canadensis, L.:.. Wild lettuce. July.
Sonchus oleraceus, L....Common Sow-Thistle-. tf

Lobeliacee.

Lobelia cardinalis, L....Cardinal-flower. Aug.

syphilitica,-L....Great Lobelia. a

160 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Lobelia puberula, Mx....Slender Lobelia. Sept.
. spicata, Lam....Pale Ne J July.
Campanulacea.
Campanula rotundifolia, L....Harebell. August.
a aparinoides, Ph....Marsh Bellflower. i
aC Americana, L....Tall. fs Ss
Specularia perfoliata, A. DC.,..Venus’ Looking-glass. se
Hricacee.
Vaccinium vacillans, Sol. ...Low Blueberry. June.
Plantaginacee.
Plantago major, L...,Common plantain. iy
Primulacee.
Androsace occidentalis, Ph... Androsace. May.
Dodecatheon Meadia, L....American Cowslip. KS
Lysimachia longifolia, Ph...,Long-leaved Loose-strife. July.
Scrophulariacee.
Verbascum Thapsus, L....Common Mullein. June.
Scrophularia nodosa, L......Fig-wort. May.
Pentstemon pubescens, Sol... .Beard-tongue, se
Mimulus ringens, L....Monkey-flower. July.
Herpestis rotundifolia, Ph... .Herpestis. Aug.
Synthyris Houghtoniana, Benth. ...Synthyris. May.
Veronica Virginica, L....Culver’s-root. Aug.
ee peregrina, L....Purslane-Speed-well. May.
< arvensis, L....Corn 33 June.
Gerardia tenuifolia, Vahl... Slender Gerardia. Sept.
* auriculata, Mx....Eared 8 August.
Castilleia coccinea, Spreng....Scarlet Painted-Cup. May.
Pedicularis Canadensis, L....Wood Betony. Ke
sc lanceolata, Mx. ft Sept.
Acanthacew.
Ruellia ciliosa, Ph....Two-winged Acanthus. August.
Verbenacew.
Verbena hastata, L....Blue Vervain. <
a urticifolia, L....White Vervain. “
“« stricta, Vent... .Hoary ‘§ Fs
a6 bracteosa, Mx....Bracted ‘“ Sept.
Phryma Leptostachya, L....Lopseed. July.
Labiate.
Teucrium Canadense, L....Wood Sage. July.
Mentha Canadensis, L ...Wild Mint. vs
Lycopus Europaeus, L....Water Horehound. August.
ee te var. sinuatus, Gr..... Water Horehound. “
Pycnanthemum linifolium, Ph....Mountain mint. July.
Monarda fistulosa, L....Wild Bergamot. a

Lophanthus nepetoides, Benth. ...Giant Hysosp. Sept.

NAGEL AND HAUPT ON DAVENPORT FLORA. 161

Nepeta Cataria, L... Catnip. July.
“ _ Glechoma, Benth....Ground Ivy. May.
Brunella vulgaris, L....Common Self-heal. August.
Scutellaria versicolor, Nutt....SkulL-cap. July.
“S parvula, Mx.... ‘i June.
es galericulata, L.... " August.
ae lateriflora, L....Mad-dog Skullcap. Sept.
Stachys palustris, L. var. aspera, Gr... .Hedge-nettle. July.
Leonurus Cardiaca, L....Common Motherwort. a
Borraginacew.
Onosmodium molle, Mx....False Gromwell. July.
Lithospermum hirtum, Lehm....Hairy Puccoon. May.
J longiflorum, Spr.....Long-fl. “ 1a Ee eee
Mertensia Virginica, DC..... Virginian Lungwort. ue
Echinospermum Lappula, Lehm... .Stick-seed. “
Cynoglossum officinale, L....Hound’s-tongue. w
ib Morisoni, DC ...Beggar’s Lice. Sept.
Hydrophyllacee.
Hydrophyllum Virginicum, L....Water-leaf. May.
Ellisia Nyctelia, L....Ellisia.
Polemoniucen.
Polemonium reptans, L....Jacob’s Ladder. May.
Phlox pilosa, L....Hairy Phlox.
oe" “divaricata, Wa: ..: Paler“ eS
Convoloulacee.
Ipomoea purpurea, Lam....Common Morning-glory. August.
if Nil, Roth... .Small-#. ae we ce
Convolvulus arvensis,/L....Bind-weed. Dr. Iles’ residence. June.
Calystegia sepium, R. Br.... Hedge Bindweed. July.
Cuscuta glomerata, Choisy....Dense Dodder Sept.
Solanacec.
Solanum nigrum, L....Common Nightshade. Sept.
Physalis pubescens, L....Ground Cherry. June.
se Pennsylvanica, L ... “ “ if
Datura Stramonium, L....Thorn-apple. August.
Gentianacee.
Gentiana alba, Muhl... Whitish Gentian. Sept.
« puberula, Mx... .Hairy i Oct.
Apocynacee.
Apocynum androsaemifolium, L....Dog-bane. June.
cannabinum, L....Indian Hemp. Ag
Asclepiadacee.
Asclepias Cornuti, Dec ...Common Milkweed. July.

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vor. I. [22] May, 1876.

162 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Asclepias phytolaccoides, Ph.....Poke- “ June.
a purpurascens, L....Purple es July.
J; incarnata, L... Swamp 2
es tuberosa, L....Pleurisy-root. “
ut verticillata, L....Whorled Milkweed. ig
Acerates viridiflora, Ell....G@reen x Mt
Oieacee.
Fraxinus viridis, Mx. f....Green Ash. May
Aristelochiacen.
Asarum Canadense, L....Wild Ginger. May.
Nyctaginacee.
Oxybaphus nyctagineus, Sweet....Wild Four-o’clock. July
Chenopodiacem.
Chenopodium album, L....Pig-weed. July
hybridum, L....Goose-foot- é
as ambrosioides, L. var. anthelminticum, Gr.,
Wormseed. Aug.
Amarantacem.
Amaranuus retroflexus, L....Pigweed. Aug.
a «var. hybridus, Gr....Green Amaranth. “
" albus, L....Pig-weed. m
Polygonacee.
Polygonum orientale, L....Prince’s Feather. Aug.
e Pennsylvanicum, L....Knot-weed. Sept.
f incarnatum, Ell.....Marsh Smartweed. ms
i Hydropiper, L ...Common i ss
S Virginianum, L....Beaked Knot-weed. Sept.
aS aviculare, L... Goose-grass, &. © June.
- . var. erectum. Roth....@Goose-grass. July.
o ramosissimum, Mx....Tall August.
. Convolvulus, L....Black Bindweed. July.
Rumex Brittanicus, L....Tall Dock. June.
“~~ erispus, ....Curled se May.
Santalacee.
Comandra umbellata, Nutt....Bastard Toad-flax. May.
Huphorbiacee.
Euphorbia maculata, L....Spotted Spurge. Sept.
i hypericifolia, L....Larger Spotted Spurge. <4
y corollata, L....Flowering i July.
Acalypha Virginica, L....Three-seeded Mercury. Sept.
Urticacee.
Ulmus fulva, Mx ...Slippery or Red Elm. April.
«Americana, L....White hy “
Celtis occidentalis, L....Sugar-berry. May.

NAGEL AND HAUPT ON DAVENPORT FLORA. 163

Morus rubra, L....Red Mulberry. May.

Cannabis sativa, L....Wild Hemp. July.

Humulus Lupulus, L....Hop-vine. oe
Platanacee.

Platanus occidentalis, L....Sycamore. May.
Juglandacee.

Juglans cinerea, L ...Butternut. May.

i nigra, L....Black Walnut. eg
Carya alba, Nutt,....Shell-bark Hickory. be

“ sulcata, Nutt....Common as ee
“ porcina, Nutt... .Pig-nut. ue
Cupulifere.

Quercus alba, L....White Oak. se

E macrocarpa, Mx ...Bur-Oak. a

sf Prinus, L. var.acuminata, Mx.... Yel. Chest. Oak. “

coccinea, Wang. var. tinctoria, Gr....Black ‘“ “*

+ rubra, L....Red Oak. ze
Corylus Americana, Walt....Hazel-nut. April.
Carpinus Americana, Mx ...Hornbeam. May.

Betulacee.
Betula papyracea, Ait....Canoe Birch. May.
Salicacea.

Salix sericea, Marshall....Silky-leaved Willow. April.
“ petiolaris, Smith... .Petioled ee ue
“nigra, Marshall....Black ef May.
Seoiba, ds... =. White of a

Populus tremuloides, Mx....American Aspen. April.

ae grandidentata, Mx....Toothed “ Ms

re monilifera, Ait....Cotton-wood. ae

a balsamifera, L. var. Candidans, Gr....Balm of

Gilead. April.
gs dilatata, Ait....Lombardy Poplar. oe

a alba, L.... White a ce

Conifere.
Thuja occidentalis, L....Arbor Vite. July.
Aracee
Arisema triphyllum, Torr....Indian Turnip. May.
‘ Dracontium, Schott... Dragon-root. a
Typhacee.
Typha latifolia, L....Common Cat-tail. July.
Sparganium eurycarpum, Engelm....Bur-reed. cs
Alisinacee.
Alisma Plantago, L. var. Americanum, Gr. July.
Sagittaria variabilis, Engelm....Arrow-head. .

a heterophylla, Ph.... - § ce

=

164 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Orchidacee. |
Liparis liliifolia, Richard. ...Twayblade. June,
Cypripedium candidum, Muhl..Small White Lady’s Slipper. May.
oe parviflorum, Salisb.. “ Yellow ‘ re a
se pubescens, Willd..Larger “ us : y .
Amaryllidacer. |
Hypoxys erecta, L....Star-grass. May. |
Tridacee. |
Iris versicolor, L....Larger Biue Flag. June. 7
Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, L ...Blue-eyed Grass. May.
Smilacee.
Smilax herbacea, L....Carrion-Flower. May.
Liliacee.
Trillium recurvatum, Beck....Three-leaved Nightshade. May.
Uvularia grandiflora, Smith. ...Large-fl. Bellwort. eS
Smilacina racemosa, Desf.. .False Spikenard. t
< stellata, Desf....False Solomon’s Seal. oe
Polygonatum biflorum, Ell....Smaller “ i ;
< giganteum, Diet....Great “e ¢ June.
Lilium Philadelphicum, L....Wild Orange red Lily. oe
Canadense, L.... “Yellow e July.
Erythronium albidum, Nutt.... White Dog’s-tooth Violet. May.
Scilla Fraseri, Gr....Wild Hyacinth. WS
Allium Canadense, Kalm....Wild Meadow Garlic. June.
“ striatum, Jacq... .Striped eS I May.
Comimelynacea.
Tradescantia Virginica, L....Common Spiderwort. May.
Cyperacee.
Eleocharis palustris, R. Br... .Spike-rush. May.
= Y var. glaucescens, Gr....Spike-rush. $
Scirpus validus, Vahl....Great Bulrush. June.

Caex stricta, Lam... .Sedge. August.

puse 4

List of Land and Fresh Water Shells found at Davenport,

Unio Aesopus,
alatus,
anodontoides,
asperrimus,
capax,
Cooperianus,
cornutus,
crassidens,
Dorfeuillianus,
ebenus,
elegans,
ellipsis,
gibbosus,
gracilis,
laevissimus,
ligamentinus,
luteolus,
metanevrus,
monodontus,
multiplicatus,
mytiloides,
occidens,
orbiculatus,
parvus,
plicatus,
pustulatus,
pustulosus,
pyramidatus,
rectus,
rubiginosus,
securis,
solidus,
spatulatus,
tenuissimus,
triangularis,
trigonus,
tuberculatus,
verrucosus,
zigzag,

Margaritana complanata,

confragosa,
deltoidea,

Towa.
Wo PRA
UNIONID®.
Green.

Say.
Lea.
Lea.
Green.
Lea.
Barnes.
Lamarck.
Lea.
Lea.
Lea.
Lea.
Barnes.
Barnes.
Lea.

1h titi.

Lam.

Rafinesque.

Say. .
Lea.
tap.
Lea a

Haldeman.

Barnes.
Lesueur.
Lea.
Lea.
Lea.
Lamarek.
Lea.
Lea.
Lea.
Lea.
Lea:
Baries.
Lea.
Barnes.
Barnes.
Lea.
Barnes.
Lea.
Led.

common.
abundant.
abundant.
common.
rare,
rare.
abundant.
rather rare.
very rare.
abundant.
common.
abundant.
common.
common.
common.
common.
common.
abundant.
common.
very rare.
common.
common.
common.
common.
abundant.
very rare.

very abundant.

common.
abundant.
rare.
common.
common.
rare,
common.
rare.
common.
common.
common.
common.
common.
rather rare.
rare.

166 DAVENPORT ACADEMY

Hildrethiana, Lea.

marginata,
rugosa,
Anodonta corpulenta,

Ferussaciana,
grandis,
imbecillis,
plana,
undulata,

Say.
Barnes.
Cooper.
Lea.
Say.
Say.
Lea.
Say.

OF NATURAL

SCIENCES.

rare.
common.
common.
common.
rare.
common.
common.
rare.
common.

CoRBICULAD.—-Some Species Common.

Spherium occidentale,
partumeium,
solidulum,
stamineum,
striatinum,
sulcatum,
transversum,
rosaceum,

Pisidium abditum,
aequilaterale,
Virginicum,

Limnea caperata,
desidiosa,
reflexa,

Physa heterostropha,

gyrina,
oleacea,

Bulinus hypnorum,

Planorbella armigera,

Planorbis bicarinatus,

glabratus,
parvus,
trivolvis,

Gyraulus deflectus,

Menteus exacutus,

Ancylus rivularis,
fluviatilis.

Valvata tricarinata,

Vivipara intertexta,
subpurpurea,

Melantho subsolida,

Lioplax subcarinata,

Prime.

Say.

Prime.

Conrad.

Lamarek.

Lamarck.

Say.

Prime.

Haldeman.

Prime.

Bourg.
LIMN ZID.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Tryon.

Linn.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Say.

Say.

VALVATIDA,

Say.

VIVIPARID.

Say.
Say.
Anthony.
Say.

common.

common.

common.

abundant.

rare.

rare.

common.

common.

very rare.
extremely rare.

common.

abundant.

rare.

rare.

rare.

rare.

common.

rather rare.
rare.

very abundant.
common.

PRATT ON SHELLS. 167

MELANID.

Trypanostoma subulare, Lea. common.
Goniobasis livescens, Mente. rare.
AMNICOLID®

Amnicola Cincinnatiensis, Anthony. rare.
Sayana, Anthony. i rare.
orbiculata, Lea. rare.
pallida, Haldeman. rare.
parva, Lea. rare.

Pomatiopsis lapidaria, Say. very rare.

Somatogyrus isogonus, Say. common.

depressus, Tryon. rare.
AURICULID #.
Carychium exiguum, Say. rare.
HELICID®.

Hyalina arborea, Say. common.
chersina, Say. rare.
electrina, Gould. somewhat common.
indentata, Say. rare.
lineata, Say. common.
minuscula, Binney. common.

Helix alternata, Say. common.

clausa, Say. rare.
hirsuta, Say. rare.
labyrinthica Sag. very rare.
monodon, Rackett. very rare.
multilineata, Say. abundant.
porcina, Say. very rare.
profunda, Say. common.
pulchella-var. costata, Waller. common.
thyroides, Say. rather common.
Macrocyclis concava, Say. common.
Pupa fallax, : Say. very rare.
contracta, Say. rare.
Succinea Nuttalliana, Lea. common.
avara, Say. common.
obliqua, Say. scarce.
_ ovalis, Gould. common.

Description of a Unio Shell Found on the South Bank of
the Mississippi River, Opposite the Rock Island
Arsenal, in 1870.

BY W. H. PRATT.

PLATE XXXT, Fie. 1.

Shell sub-quadrangular, biangular posteriorly, inflated; a rather
deep furrow extending obliquely from beak to basal margin; basal

168 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

margin emarginate; substance of shell heavy in the anterior portion ;
two or three very small nodules on the ridge before the furrow, but
none near the basal margin; posterior slope covered with distinct but
interrupted curved ridges crossing the lines of growth at right angles;
beaks prominent, eroded; lunule large; lines of growth strongly
marked, irregular; epidermis dark brown, rather shining; anterior
cicatrices distinct, Geep; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cica-
trices on the under side of the cardinal teeth, but rather toward the
beak; cardinal teeth moderately large, erect, deeply cleft and sulcated
in left valve, and in right valve scarcely double, rather flat, notched,
and on the inner side rising direct from the cavity of the shell, direc-
tion almost at right angles with the lateral tooth; lateral teeth long,
straight except at the extreme anterior end where they are somewhat
curved toward the cardinal teeth, in right valve single, thin and sharp,
in left valve double, sharp and compressed; cavity of shell deep; cav-
ity of beaks deep and somewhat angulated; nacre white, iridescent in
posterior margin.

Terie thier tetas ree ov omareiete Stays tsiay« 5: sy Roos Coe “yoerege rad 5.59 mim.
Breadline: scission MRE i, on Pe ee ed aac 6.86.0 =
Thickness ils... 2A Ue ee. ce asco partes 406 “

Habitat, Mississippi River, vicinity of Davenport, Lowa.

ReMARrkKs.—This, the only specimen known to us, was a dead
shell, but very slightly weathered, and apparently rather recent.

It seems to most resemble U. asperriémus—Lea, which is com-
mon in the same locality, differing from that shell however, in many
particulars.

In its general aspect it is much fuller, more rounded, and
smoother.

It is a considerably heavier shell, much more inflated, rather more
transverse, almost free from nodules, and entirely so on the posterior
slope, of a richer, more reddish brown color, and more shining.

The cardinal teeth are smaller, and that in the right valve more
flat and emerging more directly from the cavity.

The lateral teeth are thinner, and the deuble one more compressed.
They are also more extended anteriorly, and at that end are decidedly
curved toward the cardinal teeth, which they approach nearer than in
usperrimus, While in the latter shell, they are not at all curved.

The lunule is about four times as large, being about the same size
as in U. verrucosus—Barnes, but of different form.

It is apparently a matured shell, quite symmetrical, and exhibits
no indications of abnormal growth or form.

Should this prove to be a new species it may be called Unio
wiv! ats.

List of Coleoptera found in the Vicinity of Davenport, Iowa.

BY J. D PUTNAM.

I have prepared the following list with the hope that it may lead some
one to collect the beetles of this region more fully. About 225 species
are herein enumerated and it is likely that double that number are to
be found. For several years past I have been absent from the city
during almost the whole of every collecting season, and in previous
years I devoted but comparatively little time to collecting-—otherwise
the present list would have been much more extensive. This list is
purely local, and no species is included which I have not found within
easy walking distance of the city. I have considered a portion of
Rock Island County, Illinois, as coming within these limits. Speci-
mens of all the species are contained in my cabinet, and have been
kindly named for me by Mr. Ulke. I have generally followed the ar_

rangement given in Crotch’s Check List.

List of Coleoptera.
CICINDELID

Cicindela splendida, Hentz.
Cicindela 12-guttata, Dej.

Cicindela repanda, De).
Cicindela punctulata, Fab.

CARABID.

Elaphrus ruscarius, Say.
Calosoma calidum, Fabr.
Pasimachus elongatus, Lec.
Scarites subteraneus, Mubr.
Brachynus americanus, Lee.
Galerita janus, Fabr.
Loxopeza grandis Hentz.
Calathus gregarius, Say.
Platynus sinuatus, De).
Platynus viridis, Lee.
Platynus decorus, Say.
Platynus melanarius, De).
Platynus eruginosus, De).
Evarthrus orbatus, Newm , var. fat-
uus, Lee.

Pterostichus stygicus, Say.
Pterostichus permundus, Suy.
Pterostichus chalcites, Say.
Pterostichus lucublandus, Say.
Pterostichus femoralis, Arby.
Amara avida, Say.
Amara fallax, Lec.
Amara confiusa, Lec.
Diclus splendidus, Say.
Dicxlus purpuratus, Bon.

Proc D. A.N.S. Vot. I.

[23]

Dicelus sculptilis, Say.
Anomoglossus emarginatus, Say.
Anomoglossus pusillus, Swy.
Chlenius laticollis, Say.
Chlenius sericeus, Forst.
Chlenius prasinus, Dej.
Chlenius pensylvanicus, Say.
Chlenius impunctifrons, Say.
Cratacanthus dubius, Bea.
Agonoderus lineola, Fubr.
Agonoderus pallipes, abr.
Anisodactylus discoideus, De).
Anisodactyius baltimorensis, Say.
Anisodactylus sericeus, Harris.
Xestonotus lugubris, Dej.
Harpalus calignosus, Fubr.
Harpalus faunus, Say.
Harpalus compar, Lec.
Harpalus erythropus, De).
Harpalus herbivagus, Say.
Stenolophus conjunctus, Say.
Stenolophus ochropezus, Say.
Patrobus longicornis, Say.
Tachys nanus, Gyl.

May, 1876.

170 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

HALIPLID.
Cnemidotus 12-punctatus, Say.

DyTIscipé&.
Hydroporus punctatus, Say. Laccophilus maculgsus, Geri.
Hydroporus yenustus, Lec. Matus bicarinatus, Say.
Hydroporus proximus, Avbe. Coptotomus interrogatus, Fab. :
Hydrocanthus iricolor, Say.
GYRINID#.
Dineutus assimilis Awde. Gyrinus analis, Say.
HyYDROPHILID.
Tropisternus lateralis, 7b. Philhydrus nebulosus, Say.
Tropisternus glaber, Hd. Philhydrus fimbriatus, Mels.
Laccobius agilis, Rand. Hydrobius fuscipes, Linn.
STAPHYLINID&.
Falagria venustula, Hr. Lathrobium longiusculum, Grav.
Creophilus villosus, Grav. Cryptobium bicolor, Grav.
Staphylinus vulpinus Nord. Lathrimaeum sordidum, £7.
SILPHID.
Silpha (Necrophorus)velutina, Fab.Peltis marginalis, Fab.
Oliv. Peltis inequalis, Kab.
Silpha (Necrophorus) americana, Peltis peltata, Lec. .
Peltis surinamensis, Fab.
ScAPHIDIID. j
Scaphisoma convexum, Say. ;
DERMESTID. .
Dermestes lardarius, Ln. Attagenus megatoma, Fab.
Trogoderma ornata, Say.
CucusID&.

Lxemophleus biguttatus, Say.

CoLyDIID&.
Bothrideres geminatus, Say. :
TROGOSITID.
Tenebrioides dubia, Horn. Tenebrioides nigrita, Horn.
NiITIDULID#.
Nitidula bipustulata, Linn. Prometopia 6-maculata, Say.
Ips quadrisignatus, Say,
CoccINELLID.
Megilla maeulata, DeG@. Anatis 15-punctata, Olzv.
Hippodamia convergens, Guer. Psyllobora 20-maculata, Say.

PUTNAM ON IOWA COLEOPTERA. 171

Hippodamia 13-punctata, Linn.

Hippodamia parenthesis, Say.
Coccinella novem-notata, Hb.
Coccinella munda, Say.

Chilocorus bivulnerus, Wiis.
Hyperaspis normata, Say.
Scymnus nanus, Lec.

HISTERID2.

Hister americanus, Payk.

Hister Lecentei, Mars.

LuUcANID.

Lucanus dama, Thunb.

ScaRABZIDH.

Copris anaglypticus, Say.
Onthophagus latebrosus, abr.
Aphodius fimetarius, Linn.
Aphodius granarius, Linn.
Atznius stercorator, Fab.
Atznius abditus, Hald.
Bolboceras tumefactus, Beawy.
Bolboceras lazarus, ab.
Geotrypes splendidus, Fab.
Geotrypes semiopacus, Jek.
Geotrypes opacus, Hald.
Trox aequalis, Say.

Serica vespertina, Schon.
Diplotaxis, 7. sp.

. Phyllophaga cephalica, Lec.

Phyllophaga fusca, Frohl.
Phyllophaga cognata, Burm.
Phyllophaga fraterna, Harris.
Phyllophaga marginalis, Lec.
Phyllophaga ilicis, Ainoch.
Phyllophaga tristis, Fab.
Strigoderma arboricola, Fab.
Pelidnotata punctata, Linn.
Cotalpa lanigera, Linn.
Lygyrus morio, Lec.
Xyloryctes satyrus, Hab
Euryomia inda, Linn.
Osmoderma eremicola, Anoch.
Valgus squamiger, Bean.

BUPRESTID.

Chrysobothris femorata, Lee.
Chrysobothris 6-signata, Say.

Agrilus defectus, Lec.

ELATERID.

Dromeolus cylindricollis, Say.

Alaus oculatus, Linn.
Drasterius dorsalis, Say.
Menocrepidius auritus, Hbst¢.

Melanotus communus (yl.
Melanotus tenax, Say.

Melanotus opacicollis, Lee.
Asaphes memnonius, Hbst.

DASCYLLID2.

Cyphon punctatus, Lee.

LAMPYRID2.

Calopteron typicum, Nem.
Photurus pensylvanica, DeG.

Lucidota atra, Fab.

TELEPHORID.

Chauliognathus pensylvanicus,

DeGeer.
Podabrus flavicollis, Lec.

Podabrus rugolosus, Lec.
Telephorus imbecillis, Lec.
Telephorus flavipes, Lec.

172

Podabrus tomentosus, Say.
Podabrus punctulatus, Lee.

DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Telephorus bilineatus, Say.

PTINID®.

Ptinus brunneus, Dufsch.

Amphicerus bicaudatus, Say.

CERAMBYCIDA.

Orthosema cylindricus, Hab.
Prionus imbricornis, Lin.
Prionus fissicornis, Hald.
Eburia quadrigeminata, Say.
Elaphidion parallelum, Newm.
Elaphidion unicolor, Rand.
Callimoxys sanguinicollis, Ol7e.
Cyllene charus, Say.

Cyllene flexuosus, Fab.
Calloides nobilis, Say.
Xylotrechus colonus, Fab.

Neoclytus erythrocephalus, Ab.
Strangalia famelica, Newm.
Leptura nitens, Forst.
Psenocerus supernotatus, Say.
Goes debilis, Lec.

Sternidius variegatus, /Ha/d.
Hyperplatys maculatus, Ha/d.
Saperda vestita, Say.

Tetraopes tornator, Fab.
Tetraopes femoralis, Lec.

SPERMOPHAGID®.

Mylabris (Bruchus) pisi, Linn.

CHRYSOMELID.

Coscinoptera dominicana, ab.
Fidia murina, Cr.

Heteraspis pubescens, Mels.
Chrysochus auratus, Fab.
Chrysomela decem-lineata, Say.
Chrysomela scalaris, Lec.
Chrysomela casta.
Chrysomela Bigsbyana, Airy.
Chrysomela interrupta, Fab.
Gastrephysa polygoni, Linn.
Phyllobrotica decorata, Say.
Diabrotica 12-punctata, Olvo.

Diabrotica vittata, Hab.
Oedionychis thoracica, Fab.
Oedionychis 6-maculata, ///.
Disonycha abbreviata, Nels.
Graptodera chalybea, J7I.
Graptodera, 7. sp.
Orchestris striolata, 71.
Crepidodera opulenta, Lec.
Crepidodera pubescens, /7/.
Psylliodes punctulata, Mels.
Coptocycla aurichalcea, Fuh.

TENEBRIONID®.

Nyctobates pensylvanica, DeG.
Merinus levis, Olzv.
Tenebrionellus molitor, Lin.

Blapstinus metallicus, Wi.
Platydema americanum, ap.

ANTHICID.

Corphyra pulchra, Lee.
Notoxus monodon, Fabr.

Anthicus cervinus, Laf.

MorDELLID&®.

Mordellistena emula, Lee.

MELOID&.

Macrobasis Fabricii, Lec.

Epicauta cinerea, Horst

PUTNAM ON IOWA COLEOPTERA.

Epicauta convolvuli, Wels.
Epicauta lemniscata, Fab.

Epicauta pensylvanica, DeG.

CURCULIONID®.

Ithycerus noveboracensis, Forst.
Dorytomus mucidus, Say.
Magdalis perforatus, De).
Balaninus, no name.

Sphenophorus melanocephalus, Fal
Sphenophorus parvulus, (yl.
Also several unnamed species.

ScOLYTID.

Xyloterus vicinus, ZZmm.

Coleoptera collected at Monticello, Iowa, June 12th, 1872.

Galereta janus, Fab.

Agrilus defectus, Lee.

Platynus extensicollis, Say, variety Photinus lacustris, Lee.

viridis, Lec.
Amara avida, Say.
Amara angustata, Suy.
Amara impuncticollis, Say.
Chlenius sericeus, Forst.
Anisodactylus Baltimorensis, De).
Harpalus pedicularius, De).
Harpalus erythropus, Dej.
Stenolophus fulginosus, De.
Stenus, 7. sp.
Corticaria pumilla, Vels.
Ips quadrisignatus, Say.
Coccinella munda, Say.
Hister abbreviatus, Fabr.
Hister americanus, Payk.
Phelister subrotundus, #7.
Saprinus fraternus, Say.

Clerus thoracicus, Oliv.

Bruchus near seminatum, Hori.
Donacia emarginata, A?¢rby
Babia pulla, Lee.

Pachybrachys carbonarius, /ald.
Pachybrachys infaustus, Haid.
Pachybrachys tridens, els.
Doryphora decemlineata, Say.
Longitarsus, sp. ?

Phylotreta striolata, /7/.
Crepidodera opulenta, Lec.
Blapstinus metalicus, ab.
(orphyra lugubrus, Suy.
Notoxus anchora, Hentz.
Eustrophus bicolor, Say. 7
Eugnamptus angustatus.
Baradius confinus, Lee.

Coleoptera collected near Frederic, Monroe Co., Iowa,
August, 1869.

Harpalus calignosus, Say.
Hippodamia maculata, DeGeer.
Hippodamia 13-punctata, Lin.
Canthon levis, Drury.
Calapteron terminalis, Say.
Calopteron typicum, Verma.
Chauliognathus pensylvanicus,
DeGeer.

Prionus imbricornis, Linn, variety.

Eburia guadrigeminata, Say.

Clytus charus, Say.

Clytus flexuosus, Fuhr.
Tetraopes femoralis, Lec.
Chrysochus auratus, Fab.
Colaspis livens, Dej.
Diabrotica 12-punctata, Pub.
Epicauta convolvuli, Wels.
Epicauta lemniscata, Fabr.
Epicauta cinerea, Foret.
Epicauta pensylvanica, DeGeer.

174 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

List of Lepidoptera collected in the vicinity of Davenport,
Iowa.

BY J. DUNCAN PUTNAM.

The following list embraces all the butterflies and most of the
larger moths which I have collected within short walking distance of
Davenport. It is necessarily incomplete as I have been absent during
the best seasons and of late years no one else has made any collection,
so that it is probable that a considerable number of species remain to
be added. Specimens of all but two or three of the species mentioned
are contained in my cabinet. For the determination of some of the
doubtful species I am indebted to Mr. H. Strecker. In preparing this
list I have, with a few exceptions followed the synopsis of W. H.
Edwards.

RHOPALOCERA.
Papilio philenor, Linn.
One male taken in 1874.
Papilio asterius, Cramer.
The most abundant species of Papilio found here.
Papilio trotlus, Linn.
Two males taken in 1874.
Papilio turnus, Linn.
Quite plentiful most seasons. Both the yellow and black (P. glaw.
cus, Linn) forms of the female are found—the black being most
common.
Papilio cresphontes, Cramer.
My specimen is from Aledo, I1., 30 miles south of Davenport, but
I have seen several specimens taken near the city. It is rare.
Papilio ajax, Linn.
One specimen was taken in the grounds of Griswold College,
some years ago.
Pieris protodice, Boisd & Lec.
Very abundant.
Nathalis Tole, Boisd.
One specimen October 28d, 1872.
Colias cesonia, Stoll.
Not very plentiful.
Colias enrytheme, Boisd.
Quite common some seasons.
Colias philodice, Godt.
Very abundant all seasons. The white variety of the female is
rarely seen.
Terias lisa, Boisd.
I have but one imperfect specimen which I am confident belongs
to this species.

PUTNAM ON IOWA LEPIDOPTERA. LT5

Danais erippus, Cram. (D. archippus, Fabr.)

Usually very abundant, sometimes occurring in immense swarms.
Argynnis cybele, Fabr.

Our most abundant species of Argynnis.
Argynnis aphrodite, Fabr.

Not so common as A. cybele.
Argynnis myrina, Cramer.

One specimen taken in May, 1871.
Phyciodes tharos, Drury.

Quite plentiful on Rock Island and also about Davenport.
Grapta interrogationis, Fab. variety wmbrosa, Lint.

Common.
Grapta progne, Cram.

Not quite so plentiful as the above.
Vanessa antiopa, Linn.

Frequently very abundant in the fall.
Pyrameis cardui, Linn.

Plentiful.
Pyrameis atalanta, Linn.

Rather rare.
Limenitis ursula, Fab.

Abundant in the early summer.
Limemitis misippus, Fab.

Common later in the season.
Huptychia eurytus, Fab

Common in the spring in the woods.
Satyrus alope, Fab.

Not usually very common.
Satyrus nephele, Kirby.

Rather rare.
Lethe portlandia, Fabr.

Quite abundant in the woods during tne summer.
Ohrysophanus Thoe, Gray.

Only one imperfect specimen.
Lycena comyntas, Goat.

Tolerably common.
Goniloba tityrus, Fabs.

Usually quite common.
Hudamus Pylades, Scud.

One specimen, June 1871.
Nisoniades juvenalis, Fabr.

Not very common.
Nisoniades persius, Scud.

One specimen.
Pyrgus tessellata, Scud.

Not uncommon in October.

176 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Hesperia vialis, Edw.
Only one specimen.
Pamphila Leonardus Harris.
Only one specimen June 1871.
Pamphila hobomok, Harris.
Generally plentiful.
Pumphila Peckius, Kirby.
But one specimen in bad order.

HETEROCERA.

Macroglossa diffinis, Boisd.
Tolerably common.
Darapsa myron, Cramer.
Moderately abundant, the larve being quite destructive to the
grape vines.
Cherocampa tersa, Linn.
Only two specimens have been taken, one of them August 238d
1872.
Deilephila lineata, Fabr.
Usually very abundant about flower gardens.
Philampelus pandorus, Hiibner.. (P. satellitia Harris )
Tolerably common.
Philampelus achemon, Drury.
Tolerably common.
Smerinthus geminatus, Say.
One specimen taken in July.
Smerinthus excecatus, Sm. & Ab.
Rather common.
Macrosila quinquemaculata, Haw.
Very plentiful.
Ceratomsa amyntor, Hiibn. (C. quadricornis, Harr.)
Two specimens.
Scepsis fulvicoilis, Hiibn.
Two specimens taken in September.
Crocata quinaria, Grote.
Crocata brevicornis, Walker.
Several varieties of this species are quite common.
Callimorpha LeContei, Boisd. (C. Militaris, Harris).
Not uncommon.
Arctia nais, Hiibn. (A. Phalerata, Harris.)
Common.
Arctia figurata, Drury.
One specimen.
Arctia arge, Drury.
One specimen.
Pyrrhartia ¢tsabella, Smith.
One specimen.

PUTNAM ON COLORADO COLEOPTERA. Lh

Leucarctia acrea, Pack.
One specimen.
Spilosoma virginica, Fabr.
Quite common.
Orgia leucostigma, Smith.
Not very common.
Nadata gibbosa, Smith & Abb.
Two specimens May and July.
Nerice bidentata, Walk.
One specimen, July.
Telea polyphemus, Linn.
Two specimens.
Tropea luna, Linn.
Two specimens.
Samia cecropia, Linn.
Quite plentiful.
Hemileuca maia, Drury.
One female was found floating in a small pool of water in the fall
of 1871.
Gastropacha americana, Harr.
Two specimens.
Xeleutes robinia, Peck.
Several females and one male have been collected
Thysania zenobia, Cram.
A single specimen of this magnificent moth was captured by Prof.
D. 5. Sheldon, a number of years ago on the roof of Griswold
College, in this city.
Budryus grata, Fabr.
One specimen taken in June 1871.

List of Coleoptera collected in the Rocky Mountains of
Colorado, in 1872.

BY J. D. PUTNAM.

During the summer of 1872, I had the pleasure of accompanying
our worthy President, Dr. C. C. Parry, on one of his delightful botan-
ical excursions to the Rocky Mountains. Locating ourselves in a de-
serted cabin, far up toward the sources of Clear Creek, in a beautiful
park west of Empire City, we made numerous ascents to the alpine
summits of the surrounding mountains. Although I had had no pre-
vious experience in collecting, yet by the vigorous use of the sweep-
net, careful turning over of stones, etc., comparatively large collec-
tions were made. A trip through Middle Park on foot in September
added a number of species. A small collection made on the plains

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vor. I. [24] May, 1876.

178 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

along the base of the mountains at Boulder, Denver and Canon City,
in the fall of 1874 and spring of 1875 is also included. The species
were al] kindly named for me by Mr. Ulke of Washington. There are
250 species here enumerated, of which afew are unnamed. I hope
sometime to be able to complete lists of some of the other orders of

insects of which large collections were made.

List of Coleoptera.

CICINDELID2.

Cicindela longilabrus, Say.
Cicindela scutellaris, Say.

Cicindela fulgida, Say.
Cicindela 12-guttata, De).

Cicindela purpurea, Ol7v. black and Cicindela punctulata, Hubr.

green varieties of Andubonii, Lee.

CARABIDA A.

Trachypachys inermis, Wots.

Amara obesa, Say.

Calosoma tepidum, Lec. variety of Amara terrestris, Lee.

C. calidum, Fabr.

Nothopus zabroides, Lec.

Carabus agassizii, Lec. variety of Cratacanthus dubius, Beav.

tedatus, Fabr.

Brachynus conformis, De).
Loxopeza atriceps, Lec.
Lebia viridis, Say.
Metabletus americanus, De).
Cymindis abstrusa, Lec.
Cymindis cribricollis, Dej.
Calathus ingratus, Dej.
Pterostichus protractus, Lec.
Pterostichus agrestis, Bland.
Pterostichus Luezotii, Dej.
-Pterostichus longulus, Lec.
Amara latior, A7rby.

Amara impuncticollis, Say.
Amara fallax, Lec.

Piosoma setosum, Lec.
Agonoderus lineola, Fubr.
Agonoderus pallipes, Fabr.
Selenophorus areus, Lec.
Harpalus amputatus, Say.
Harpalus pleuriticus, Airby.
Harpalus ellipsis, Lee.
Harpalus fraternus, Lec.
Harpalus basilaris, A7zrby.
Harpalus varicornis, Zee.
Bembidium nitidulum, De).
Bembidium bifossulatum, Lec.
Bembidium nebraskense, Lec.
Bembidium rapidus, Lee.

Dytiscipé&.

Hydroporus nubilus, Lec.
Hydroporus catescopium, Say.
Laccophilus maculosus, (erm.

Laccophilus truncatus, Mann.

Dystiscus marginicollis, Lec.
Acilius semisulcatus, Abe.
Colymbetes densus, Lec.

Agabus morosus, Lec.
Agabus seriatus, Say.
Agabus fimbriatus, ec.
Agabus, no name.
Agabus teeniolatus, arr.
Agabus griseipennis, Lec.

HyDROPHILID”®.

Helophorus lacustris, Lee.
Berosus striatus, Sy.

Hydrobius fuscipes, Leach.

PUTNAM ON COLORADO COLEOPTERA. 179

STAPHYLINID.
Quedius fulgidus, Fabr. Platystethus americanus, Z7.
Creophilus villosus, Kirby. Omaliun, n. sp.
Philonthus zeneus, foss?.
SILPHID.
Necrophorus hecate, Bland. Peltis (Silpha), lapponica, Herbst.
Necrophorus melsheimeri, A7rby.
LATRIDIID®.
Latridius kirbyi, Lec.
DERMESTID®.
Dermestes marmoratus, Say. Dermestes nubilus, Say.
Dermestes mannerheimii, Lee. Dermestes talpinus, Wann.
Dermestes fasciatus, Lec. Anthrenus lepidus, Lee.
EROTYLID®.
Languria lta, Lec.

ATOMARIID.
Antherophagus ochraceus, Mels. Atomaria, two unnamed species.
Cryptophagus cellaris, Scop. ?

TROGOSITID®.
Nosodes silphides, Lec.

NivrmvuLip®.
Tribrachys caudalis, Lec. Omosita inversa, Lec.
Carpophilus discoideus, Lee. _ Meligethes ruficornis, Lec.
Carpophilus pallipennis, Say. Meligethes rufimanus, Lec.
Nitidula ziczac, Say. Pityophagus vittatus, Say,
Nitidula uniguttata, Wels.

PHALACRIDA.
Phalacrus penicillatus, Say.

CoccINELLIDA.
Hippodamia 5-signata, Kirby. Coccinella 9-notata, Hb.
Hippodamia Lecontei, Wis. Coccinella monticola, Mais.
Hippodamia spuria, Lec. Coccinella transversoguttata, Habr.
Hippodamia parenthesis, Say. Brachyacantha albifrons, Say.
Anisosticta episcopalis, A7zrby. Scymnus puncticollis, Zee.

Coccinella trifasciata, Linn.
CISTELID®.
Cistella cyclophorus, Kirby.

HISTERID.
Hister abbreviatus, Fab. Saprinus pratensis, Lee.
Saprinus pensylvanicus, Payk.

180 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

SCARAB AIDA.
Phaneus carnifex, Linn. Ligyrus morio, Lee.
Trox morsus Lec. Euryomia inda, Linn.
Trox punctatus, Germ. Trichius affinis, Gory.
BUPRESTID”.

Buprestis maculiventris, Say.var. Anthaxia retifer, Lec.
Melanophila longipes, Say. Agrilus politus, Say.
Melanophila Drummondi, A7vrby. Agrilus,no name, Denver.

ELsTERID&.
Lacon rectangularis, Say. Drasterius elegans, Fabr.
Cardiophorus fenestratus, Lec.
DASCYLLID&.
Cyphon fuscipes, Kirby.
LAMPYRID®.
Photinus, 7. sp. Microphotus angustus, Lee.
TELEPHORID.
Chauliognathus basalis, Lec. Podabus ? near puberulus, Say.
MALACHID.
Collops punctatus, Lec. Dasytes breviusculus, Motsch.
Collops cribrosus, Lec. Dasytes hudsonicus, Lec.
Attalus morulus, Lec. Dasytes senilis, Lec.
CLERID.
Trichodes ornatus, Say. Clerus sphegeus, Fabr.

Very abundant on the flowers of Clerus moestus, Alug.
Potentilla fissa in the mountains. Hydnocera subfasciata, Lec.

Clerus analis, Lec. variety. Hydnocera cyanescens, Lee.
In the flowers of Prickly pear. Hydnocera pubescens, Lec.
Clerus nigriventris, Lec. Corynetes violaceus, Linn.
CERAMBYCID.
Ergates spiculates, Lec. Typhocerus, 7. sp.
Asemum moestum, Hald. Leptura rufibasis, Lec.
Asemum atrum, sch. Leptura sexmaculata, Linn.
Criocephalus obsoletus, Rand. Leptura cribripennis, Lec.
Phymatodes dimidiatus, Aérby. | Leptura sanguinea, Lec.
Crossidius pulchellus, Lec. Leptura auripilis, Lec.
Crossidius discoideus, Say. Monohammus clamator, Lec.
Clytus undulatus, Say. Aedilis obliquus, Lec.
Clytus lunatus, Airby. Dectes spinosus, Say.
Clytus lezcouonus, Lap. Pogonocherus mixtus, Hald.
Pachyta liturata, Kirby. Stenostota pergrata, Say.

Acmaeops strigilata, Hub. Tetraopes annulatus, Lec.

PUTNAM ON COLORADO COLEOPTERA.

181

SPERMOPHAGID.
Mylabris(Bruchus)discoideus,Say.Mylabris(Bruchus)fraterculus, Horn.

CHRYSOMELIDA.

Donacia cuprea, A7rby.
Orsodachna chidreni, Wirby.
Lema trilineata, Old».
Coscinoptera subfasciata, Lec. .
Coscinoptera vittigera, Lec.
Pachybrachys viduatus, /abr. var.
Pachybrachys atomarius, Mels.
Adoxus vitis, Lin.

Chrysochus auratus, Fubr.
Colaspis puncticollis. Say.
Chrysomela adonidis, Fabr.
Luperus meraca, Say.
Chrysomela decemlineata, Sway.
Chrysomela exclamationis, abr.
Chrysomela conjuncta, Rog.
Chrysomela bigsbyana, Airby.
Chrysomela scripta, Madr.
Chrysomela interrupta, Habr.

Luperus longulus, Lec.
Galerucella notulata, Madr. var.
bilineata, Avrby.
Monoxia guttulata, Lec.
Monoxia debilis, Lee.
Trirhabda convergens, Lec.
Disonycha triangularis, Say.
Graptodera inzerata, Lec.
Graptodera torquata, Lec.
Graptodera foliacea, Lec.
Longitarsus 7. sp. Denver.
Orchestris lewesii, Cr.
Systena elongata, Fabr.
Crepidodera opulenta, Lee.
Phylotreta, n. sp.
Psylliodes, two species.
Chelymorpha cribraria, Padr.
Cassida sex punctata, Fabr.

TENEBRIONID.

Trimytis pruinosa, Lec.
Asida opaca, Say.

Asida polita, Say.

Asida sordida, Lee.
Asida convexicollis, Lee.
Asida elata, Lec.
Eusattus reticulatus, Say.

Eleodes obsoleta, Say.
Eleodes extricata, Say.
Eleodes nigrina, Lec.

Eleodes pimelioides, Mann.
Tenebrionellis obscurus, Fubr.
Blapstinus pratensis, Lec.
Hypophleus parallelus, Me/s.

ANTHICID.

Corphyra pulchra, Lee.
Corphyra Lewisii, Horn.
Notoxus anchora, Hentz.

Notoxus serratus, Lee.
Anthicus nitidulus, Lec.

MorDELLID.

Pentaria trifasciata, Wels.
Anaspis nigra, Hald.
Anaspis rufa, Say.
Mordella scutellaris, Habr.

Mordellistena divisa, Lec.
Mordellistena augusta, Lee.
Mordellistena emula, Lee.

MELOID&.

Meloe afer, Blard.

Epicauta sericans, Sec.

Epicauta pruinosa, Lee.

Epicauta maculata, Say. var. con-
spersa, Lec.

Lytta sphericollis, Say.

on Symphorocarpus.
Nemognatha lurida, Le,

Gnathium minimum, Say

82 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

OEDEMERID®.

Calopus angustus, Lec.

PYTHID&.

Crymodes discicollis, Lee.
CURCULIONID&.

Epicaerus ? ———? Notiodes limatulus, Gyl/.
Ophryastes decipiens, Lee. Apion ? Denver.
Ophryastes latirostrus, Lec. Rhynchites bicolor, Fabr.
Ophryastes vittatus, Say. Rhynchites —?
Listroderes ? Copturus operculatus, Say.
Cleonus trivittatus, Say. Ceutorhyncus. Four species.
Erirrhinus. Four species. Cossonus platalea, Say.
Dorytomus mucidus, Say.

ScoLyTID@&.
Xyloterus bivittatus, A7rby. Hylastes gracilis, Lec.
Tomicus pini, Say. Dendrocinus terebrans, Lec.

List of Lepidoptera collected in Colorado during the sum-

mer of 1872.
BY J. DUNCAN PUTNAM.
RHOPALOCERA.

Papilio zolicaon, Boisd.

One specimen was taken on the summit of Douglass Mountain
(9,500 ft Alt.), near Empire City, July 19th, and another on the
- road six miles west of Empire. It was seen at other times—fre-
quently on the bare summits of the lower mountains. Both speci-
mens are males, and are well represented by the figures in Ed-
ward’s Butterflies of North America, while a pair (42) which I ob
tained in the Owl Creek Mts., Wyoming, in 1878, both are consid-
. erably larger and are better represented by the figure in Strecker’s
Lepidoptera, plate 6, fig. 3 This species, which bears considera-
ble resemblance to P. machaon, seems to be the most abundant of
the species of Papilio peculiarly characteristic of the Rocky Moun-
tains. I have met it wherever I have been in Colorado, Wyoming
and Utah.

Papilio indra, Reakirt.

Two females of this rare species were taken in Clear Creek Canon,
from five to twelve miles above Golden City, on the morning of
July 1st. No other specimens were noticed during the summer.
Papilio rutulus, Boisd.( ?)

One specimen of this or an allied species was taken on Clear
Creek west of Empire City, August 6th.

ee

PUTNAM ON COLORADO LEPIDOPTERA. 183

Papilio eurymedon, Boisd.
One specimen was taken in Clear Creek Canon, on July Ist.
Same locality with P.indra.

Parnassius smintheus, Doubleday.

Very abundant in the valleys during July, and high up on the
mountains in August. Generally those on the mountain are
smaller, but this is not always the case. The males were much
more abundant than the females. I collected twenty-two of the
former and but five of the latter. They were mostly of the ordin-
ary varieties like the figures on Edward’s Plate I. of Parnassius,
scarcely ever two alike. But one well marked specimen of the
variety Behrii 4 was obtained high up on Pyramid Peak near
Empire, above timber line, August ist. It is considerably larger
than Edward’s figure and somewhat more heavily marked.

Pieris oleracea, Boisd.

Quite common at Empire City during July, and is found high
up on the neighboring peaks during August. Mostall of the spe
cimens have the veins on the under side, heavily bordered with
grayish and the upper surface has a decided yellow tinge. It does
seem to me that this mustibe a different species from oleracea which
I have collected in New York and Utah. In the Wasatch Mts.
oleracea is abundant and almost entirely immaculate. The Colo-
rado specimens seem to approach very near P. hulda Edw., but
that is only known from Kodiak, Alaska. One or two specimens
collected above the timber line in Colorado are without the mar-
gins to the viens, but other specimens from the same locality are
the most heavily marked of any.

Pieris protodice, Boisd & Lec.
Not uncommon at Empire and on the surrounding mountains.
Also taken on the plains at Valmont

Pieris occidentalis, Reakirt.
Common at Empire City and in Middle Park.

Anthocaris ausonoides, Boisda.
Abundant at Empire City during July. Two specimens were
taken at the timber line (11,500 ft.) on Mount Flora, Sept. 3. All

the specimens from Colorado are much smaller than those I have
seen from California.

Anthocaris Julia, W. H. Edwards.

One specimen, a female, Empire City, July 20th.
Colias eurytheme, Boisd.

One female was taken at Empire City, July 29th.
Colias Alerandra, Edw.

Quite common at Empire City during July.

184 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Colias Scudderti, Reakirt.
One specimen undoubtedly of this species was taken Jtily 1st, in
Clear Creek Canon, below the Junction.

Colias Meadii, Edw.
Found sparingly during August and September, on the peaks
about Empire City—always above timber-line.

Euptoteta claudia, Cramer.
One specimen, Clear Creek Canon, July 1st.

Argynnis nevadensis, W. H. Edwards.
One specimen from above timber-line on Bald Mountain, near
Empire, July 15th.

Argynnis near enrynome, Edw.
Quite plentiful on Mount Flora, near the timber-line, September
3d; also one specimen from Berthoud’s Pass, September 13th, and
another from Middle Park, Sept. 14.

Argynnis hesperis, Edw.
Not uncommon along the road west of Empire City to Berthoud’s
Pass, September 13. One specimen of the same species was taken
in the same locality, August 6th.

Argynnis Helena, W. H. Edwards.
Common near the timber line on the mountains about Empire dur-
ing August and September, and occasionally at lower atitudes.

Melitea nubigena, Behr.
One specimen probably of this species was caught above timber
line on Bald Mountain, July 19th.

Melitwa sp?
One specimen from above timber-line east of Berthouds Pass, Au-
gust 6th.

Melitwa ——sp ?
One specimen from the summit of Parry’s Peak( 13000
feet), July 25th. This species appears to be quite common in com-
pany with M. nubégena on the higherand more barron peaks, but
owing to the nature of the ground they are difficult to capture.

Melitewa Palla, Boisd.
Four poorly preserved specimens from Clear Creek Canon,
July 1st.

Melitea arachne, Edw.
One specimen from Clear Creek Canon, July Ist.

Phyciodes picta, W. H. Edwards.
Common at Empire City in July, and higher up Clear Creek in
August.

Phyciodes ——sp ?
One specimen taken in Clear Creek Canon, July 1st.

PUTNAM ON .COLORADO LEPIDOPTERA. 185

Grapta zephyrus, Edw.
Clear Creek, Canon, July 1st. Empire City, August.

Vanessa untiopa, Linn.
Not uncommon at Empire City in August and September. One
specimen taken near Troublesome River, Middle Park, September
15th.

Vanessa milbertii, Godart.
Plentiful about Empire City in July, and not uncommon on the
mountains in the latter part of August and September. Fresh spe-
cimens were again noticed in the valleys in September.

Pyrameis cardui, Linn.
Common about Denver in June and about Empire City in July.
One unusually large specimen was taken on the very summit of a
high peak east of Berthoud’s Pass, over 12,500 feet above the sea,
on August 6th.

Limenitis weidemeyerti, Edw.
One specimen taken in Clear Creek Canon, July 1st, and another
at Empire City, July 18th. It does not appear to be uncommon.

Coenonympha ochracea, Edw.
Very common at Empire City during July.

Satyrus charon, Edw.
Quite plentiful at Empire City during the whole season.

Satyrus ridingsti, Edw.
Common at Denver in June.

Erebia tyndarus, Esp. (EH. Callais, Edw.)
One specimen high up above timber-line, on Pyramid Peak,
August Ist.

Chionobas chryxus, Hewitson.
Not uncommon on the mountains about Empire City during July
and August.

Chrysophanus helloides, Boisd. |
Abundant high up on the mountains from 9,000 feet to above
timber-line.

Lycena antegon, Boisd.
Not uncommon near the timber-line, in August.

Lycena melissa, Edw.
Taken at Denver in June and at Empire in July.

Lycena orbitulus, DePrunner. (L. rustica, Edw )
Plentiful at Empire City and on the surrounding mountains.

Lycena lycea, Edw.
Taken at the timber-line on Mad Creek in July and August.

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vot. I. [25] May, 1876.

186 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Lycana —- sp?
Several specimens taken near the timber-line on Mount Flora,
July 17th.

Nisoniades tristis, Boisd.
One specimen from Clear Creek Canon, July Ist.

Nisoniades ennius, Scud. (Variety of NV. juvenalis, Fabr.)
One specimen taken at Empire City, July 16th, and another on
the top of Douglas Mountain July 23d

Pamphiia metacomet, Harris.
One specimen from Clear Creek Canon, July Ist.

Pamphiia ——— sp?
One specimen from near the timber-line on Mount Flora, Sept-
ember 3d.

Pamphila ——— sp?
Two specimens from Clear Creek Canon, July Ist.

HETEROCERA.
Deilephila lineata, Fabr.
One specimen taken in the valley of Frazer Creek, six miles north
of Berthoud’s Pass, and at a height of about 10,000 feet, Sept. 13th ;
another at Hot Sulphur Springs, Middle Park, Sept. 16th, and a
third at Valmont, on the plains. It was not uncommon at Em-
pire City where it was very fond of the yellow thistle.
BE geriad@.
Four or five species of 4gerdia (or Sesia) were collected at Em-
pire City in July and August, of which none have been determined:
Scepsis fulvicollis, Walk.
One specimen was taken at Valmont in July.
Grophela vermiculuto, Grote.
Quite common in the vicinity of Empire City, between 9,0000 and
10,000 feet. They were usually found on yellow flowers.
Anatolmis grotet, Packard.
One specimen near Georgetown, July 30th.
Lithosia argillacea, Pack.
One specimen taken near Empire City, July 17th.
Crocata quinaria, Grote.
One specimen from Empire City, between July 9th and 20th, and
another from near Georgetown, July 20th.

Aretia sp ?
One specimen from above timber-line on Mount Flora, July 17th-
This may possibly prove to be A. guenscli?, Payk.

Nemcophila near petrosa, Walk. (One of the many forms of Vemeophila
plantagriis, Linn.)

PUTNAM ON WYOMING INSECTS. 187

One specimen was taken in a wild strawberry patch, near Empire
City, July 18th.

Hemilevca nevadensis, Stretch.
One specimen taken at Canon City in October. It was noticed
frequently, flying about the streets, in Denver and Canon City.

Report on the Insects collected by Captain Jones’ Expedi-
tion to Northwestern Wyoming in 18738.

BY J. D. PUTNAM.

While connected with Captain Jones’ Expedition to Northwestern
Wyoming in 1873, I endeavored to make a small collection of insects.
Having responsible meteorological duties to perform at all times, and
being almost constantly on the march, I had but little chance left for
collecting insects. Always having a bottle of alcohol about me, I took
whatever came in my way, thus obtaining a very fair number of
Coleoptera while the other orders are very meagerly represented in the
collection. Crossing the Green River sage plains in June, we found
the insect life quite sparse. Most of the collection under this head
was made at Fort Bridger before starting. On the top of a butte just
north of Little Sandy Creek I wassurprised on turning over a stone to
find three scorpions, under another stone I found one more. Later in
the season I found two more scorpions on the banks of Dry Creek,
north of Wind River. I was not aware that they had ever been found
so far north before. The large region of country drained by the
Wind and Bighorn Rivers I do not think has ever been explored by
the entomologist. It seems to be specially favorable to the develop-
ment of the Orthoptera. While camped near Camp Brown in July,
our beds swarmed with a species of Stenopelmatus, thus furnishing
amusement fo some members of the survey in arranging sanguinary
fights, for these insects are very pugnacious. <Anabrus simpler Hald-
abounded on the plains along the base of the Wind River Mts. As we
crossed the broad grassy plain to the Stinkingwater River on July
26th, we found it swarming with Calaptenus spretus.. Butterflies were
very scarce except in some of the mountain velleys. The region about
the headwaters of Owl Creek and Gray Bull River will undoubtedly
yield many interesting species when it is examined. Inthe Yellow-
stone Park and especially in the valley of Fire Hole River the numer-
ous springs and boggy nature of the soil are very favorable for the de-
velopment of Neuroptera. I was not however able to collect much,
In the Yellowstone Park we found the gnats, mosquitoes, and a large
species of horse fly very abundant and unrelenting in their attacks
upon man or beast. It was alwaysa puzzie to know what so many of
them could find to live on when we were not there. At our camp on:

i188 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,

Dry Sandy we were much annoyed one sultry evening in June by the
presence of great numbers of a very small species of fly called by the
very indefinite name of “ buffalo gnat.’” They did not bite but were
very annoying. A sudden change of wind in the night drove them off.

Of the reptiles several horned toads were collected. They were
quite abundant among the sage brush. In the whole of the Wind
River valley we have found rattle snakes very abundant. I collected
the fresh water and land shells whenever I could do so but they were
very scarce eyerywhere

While at Camp Brown on our return I showed some of my insects
to three Shoshone Indians who came into my tent and obtained from
them the names as well as I could. 5

I am much indebted to Captain Jones for the interest which he
took in my work and to all the members of the party for many favors.
A list of the Coleoptera was published in the Report of the Expedi-
tion last year. It is repeated here with some changes and «dditions.

Hymenoptera.

UROCERID&.

Urocerus abdominalis, ? 6. Wind River, Stinkingwater River.
Called An-e-goot-tsee, by the Shoshone Indians.

TENTHREDINID®.

Dolerus aprilus, Norton. Green River,
Selandria nubilipennis, Norton. Fort Bridger.
One or two undetermined species. Wind River.
IcCHNEUMONID2.
Tchneumon propinquus, Cress. Green River.
Pezonachus, ——-— sp.? Green River.
Cryptus tejonensis, Cress. ? Fort Bridger.
Ophion bilineatus, Say. Fort Bridger, Green River.
Mesochorus agilus, Cress. Green River.
Limneria ——— sp ? Green River.
Cremastus ——— sp? Wind River,
BRACONID.
Chelonus sericeus, Say. Wind River.
Microgaster sp.? Fort Bridger.
Bracon sp.? Fort Bridger.
CHALCIDID#.
Three species, Fort Bridger, Wind River.
MUTILIDA.
Mutilla californica, Rad. Wind River.

Mutilla coccineohirta, Blake. Yellowstone National Park.

PUTNAM ON WYOMING INSECTS. 189

ForMICID®.
A few unstudied species.

VESPID.
Vespa maculata, Linn. Snake River.
APID.
Melissodes honesta, Cress. Green River.
Bombus fervidus, Fab. Fort Bridger.
Bombus ternarius, Say. Fort Bridger.
Lepidoptera.

Papilio zolicaon, Boisd.
Two specimens, (¢9,) were taken July 22d, near our camp (No. 27)
on Mee-ye-ro Creek, a tributary of the Big Horn River among the
eastern spurs of the massive Sierra Shoshone Mts.

Colias Alexandra, Edw.
One specimen taken on a grassy bottom in the Canon of Stinking-
water River inthe latter part of July.

Argynnis Edwardsti, Reakirt.
Two specimens were taken somewhere in the valley of Wind River
in July.

Argynnis Freya, Thub.
One specimen. Wind River Valley, July.

Phyciodes ——sp ?
One specimen. Wind River Valley. July.

Coenonympha ochracea, Edw.
One specimen taken between Fort Bridger and South Pass in
July.

Satyrus charon, Edw.
Two specimens. Wind River Valley. July.

Chinobas chryxus, Doubl. Hew.
One specimen taken in the Yellowstone National Park during
August.

Lycent antegon, Boisd.
One specimen from the Wind River Mountains near Camp Brown
in the latter part of June.

Arctia Yarrow?i, Stretch.
A single pair, (42,) were obtained high up above timberline on
Washakie’s Needles—a lofty peak at the source of Owl Creek, rise
to a height of over 13,000 feet.

190 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Pseudohazis pica, Walker.

A single individual of this beautiful moth was captured August
18th, near Barronett’s bridge across the Yellowstone River.
Hepialas Hyperboreus, Moschier (1862) (7. Pulcher, Grote, 1864).

—— +

One specimen probably of this species was taken in the Yellow- |
stone National Park during August.

Coleoptera.

I. GREEN River Basin: Fort BRIDGER. May AND JUNE.

‘
Cicindela tranquebarica, Herbst. Phalacrus penicillatus, Say.

Elaphrus californicus, Wann.
Carabus Agassizii, Lec.
Lebia guttula, Lee.
Philotecnus nigricollis, Lee.
Platynus chalceus, Lee.
Pterostichus protractus, Lec.
Pterostichus luczotii, Dej.
Amara lacustris, Lee.
Chlenius sericeus, Horst.
Bradycellus cognatus, Gy/l.
Harpalus amputatus, Say.
Harpalus funestus, Lee.
Harpalus stupidus, Lec.
Harpalis furtivus, Lee.
Harpalus obesulus, Lec.
Bembidium lucidum, Lee.
Bembidium umbratum, Lec.
Aleochara bimaculata, Grae.
Philonthus, no name.

Silpha lapponica, Herbst.
Dermestes marmoratus, Say.
Dermestes caninus, Germ.

Il. Wrnp River Basin

Calosoma luxatum, Say.
Carabus Agassizii, Lee.
Lebia guttula, Lec.

Silpha ramosa, Say.
Nitidula ziezac, Say.
Phaclarus penicillatus, Say.

Hippodamia 5-signata, A/rby.

Hippodamia Lecontei, Wuls.
Hippodamia parenthesis, Say.
Coccinella novem notata, Herbst.
Saprinus pratensis, Lec.
Aphodius occidentalis, Horn.
Aphodius denticulatus, Hald.
Trox alternans, Lec.
Lachnosterna fusea, Frohl.
Collops vittatus, Say.

Collops cribrosus, Lee.
Dolichosoma foveicollis, A7zrby.
Dasytes breviusculus, Wotsech.
Galeruca americana, Fabr.
Graptodera inerata, Lee.
Monoxia guttulata, Zee.
Eleodes hispilabris, Say.
Eleodes extricata, Say.
Eleodes nigrina, Lee.
Blapstinus pratensis, Lec.
Notoxus subtilis, Lee.
Sphenophorus Ulkei, Horn.

: STINKINGWATER RIVER. JULY.

Acmeops subpilosa, Lee.
Acmeops pratensis, Latch.
Monohammus scutellatus, Say.
Saxinis saucia, Lec.

Adoxus vitis, Linn.
Disonycha alternata, 777.
Luperus longulus, Lec.

PUTNAM ON WYOMING INSECTS.

Coccinella trifasciata, Lani.
Coccinella 9-notata, Herbst.
Hoplia laticollis, Lec.
Serica curvata, Lec.

Serica frontalis, Lec.
Polyphylla 10-lineata, Say.
Melanophila longipes, Say.
Chrysobothris ——sp ?
Acmieodera mixta, Lec.
Brachys terminous, Fb.
Pristocellus xear fuscus, Lee.
Listrus interruptus, Lec.

Dolichosoma foveicollis, Aviy.

Prionus californicus, JJotsch.

Ill. YEtLowsronr Narronan Park.

Cicindela 12-guttata, Dej.
Nebria hudsonica, Lec.
Pterostichus protractus, Lee.
Amara patricia, Dej.
Harpalus funestus, Lee.
Bembidium nebraskense, Lev.
Dytiscus marginicollis, Lee.
Creophilus villosus, Grav.
Coccinella picta, Rand.
Coccinella trifasciata, Linn.

491

Eleodes obscura, Say.
Eleodes hispilabris, Say.
Eleodes extricata, Say.
Eleodes pimelioides, Maun.
Corphyra Lewisii, Horn.
Notoxus serratus, Lec.
Anaspis rufa, Say.
Epicauta puncticollis, Wann.
Epicauta sericans, Lec.
Epicauta maculata, Say.
Lytta fulgifera, Ler. rardety of Nut-
tali, Say.
Lepyrus colon, Lin.

AUGUST.

Melanophila longipes, Say.
Corymbites tinctus, Lee.
variety.

Blaek

Criocephalus productus, Lec.

(riocephalus asperatus, Lee.
Oxoplus corallinus, Lee. variety.
Pachyta liturata, Avrby.
Trirhabda attenuata, Say. variety.
Coelocnemis dilaticollis, Vann.
Corphyra lugubris, Say.

Coccinella transverso guttata, wid. Cephaloon lepturides, Newm. var.

Neuroptera.

The following Neuroptera, collected on the expedition, have been

determined by Dr. H. A. Hagen of Cambridge.

Pteronarchys californica.
Polystoechotes punctatus.

Myrmileon diversus.

Myrmileon impressus.

Platyphylax atripes.

Platyphylax designata.

Ephemera. (Too bad for determination.)
Chloroperla. One species.

Hemerobius. One species.

Gramotanlius, n. sp. One specimen.

192 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Indian Names for Insects.

The following words, used by the Shoshone er Snake Indians to
designate insects, were obtained September 14, 1873, at Camp Brown,
Wyoming Territory, from Moonharvey, Charlie, and Bob, three
Shoshone Indians, belonging to Washakie’s band. With a few ex-
ceptions they did not seem to be very familiar with the names, but
had to consult together. For many others they could give me no name.

Large wingless cricket, (Anabrus simplex.) Mesch.
Black cricket, (Gryllus sp ?) Mesh; Mes-oo-wan-ich.
Sand cricket, (Stenopelmatus.) Nen-i-gui-po.
Pupa of a large grasshopper, (Wdipoda.) At-tung.
Large grasshopper, (Gidipoda.) A-dun-ich.
Hateful grasshopper, (Calaptenus spretus.) Ud-see-guee.
Stink beetle, (Celocnemus dilaticollis.) Bee-sou-guah.
California borer, (Prionus Californicus ) Gon-i-pee-ah.
Green Buprestid, (Chrysobothris.) Eh-wee-et.
Horse fly, (Tabanus.) Bee-meet.
Common fly, (Musca.) An-e-ou or An-e-vou.
Horntail, (Urocerus abdominnalis.) An-e-goot-tsee.
Cicada, (sp ?) . Kue-ah.
Ant Lyon, (Myrmileon.) Es-pou-see.
Day tly, (Hphemera.) Moo-po.
Various diurnal butterflies and moths. A-e-pril.
Yellow butterfly, (Colias Alexandra ) O-a-bit A-e-pril.
Large brown caterpillar, (larva of some Sphingide.) Beer-waub.
Moths, [Aretia Yarrow, Stretch. ] Un-dwust.
Horned toad, [ Phrysonomia.| A-matz-ing-a-ha.
COLORS.

White, Tos-it-eh.

Black, Tou-or-wit.

Brownish black, Tou-gon-dau-bit.

Brown, Tou-gon-umph.

Red, En-ga-bit.

Yellow, Orbt [O-a-bit.]

Green, Ah-went.

Blue [bright], Tsoi-woo-it.

Blue [dull], Ah-woo.it.

PUTNAM ON UTAH INSECTS. 193

Report on the Insects collected in the vicinity of Spring
Lake Villa, Utah Co., Utah, during the Summer of 1875.
; BY J. D. PUTNAM.

During the past summer I again accompanied Dr. C. C. Parry ona
trip to the Rocky Mountains. This time we located our headquarters
on the edge of the sage brush plain, 5,000 feet above the sea, level, a few
mifes north of Mount Nebo and about an equal distance from Utah
Lake, at the delightful little fruit-growing settlement of Spring Lake
Villa, seventy-five miles south of Salt Lake City. Here a large group
ot springs gushing from the base of the abrupt mountains furnished
an abundant supply ef water, making a beautiful oasis in the sur-
rounding desert. Thus the ¢onditions were favorable for a large de-
velopment of insect life. Here we spent the greater part of July, Au-
gust and September, and though quite an invalid most of the time, I
was enabled to make a very fair collection, being greatly aided by the
kind attention of Mr. B. F Johnson and his boys. During August we
spent several weeks high up in Summit Canon several miles north
of Mount Nebo and about 8900 feet above the sea: I was twice able to
ascend to points over 10,000 feet high. As will be seen by the accom-
panying lists the fauna here differs considerably from that below. On
the 5th of July we made a short visit to the shores of the southern ex-
tremity of Utah Lake. Ona salty mud flat left by the evaporating
waters I found a remarkable array of beetles, mostly Carabide, run-
ning actively about over the salty mud in the het sun. In the course
of about two hours I collected 600 specimens of 39 species, of which
two at least have proved to be new and others were of great rarity.

In making out the list of Coleoptera I have kept the species from
each of the above three localities separate. I am indebted again te
Mr. Henry Ulke for the determination of the names and many other
favors.

Owing to ill health, I did not make nearly so good a collection of
the Lepidoptera and Neuroptera as the opportunities afforded. The
few Lepidoptera which I was able to preserve were very kindly
named for me, by Mr. Henry Edwards, while I was in San Francisco
last fall. They were also examined by Dr. H. Behr and Mr. R. H.
Stretch, whose kind attentions will long be remembered. I have in-
serted in the list the names of ‘a few familiar butterflies which were
noticed but not collected. The Neuroptera were sent to Dr. H. A.
Hagen, at Cambridge, and his report indicates an interesting fauna.
The Orthoptera have been sent to Dr. Cyrus Thomas for determina-
tion, but no return has yet been received. The Hymenoptera of which
many handsome species were found, have been determined by Mr. E.
T. Cresson, who describes Nomeda -Putnaméi as new. Considerable
collections of the other orders of Insects, (Diptera, Hemiptera, Arach-
nida, etc.,) were made, as well as of Shells and Reptiles, but these. I
have not yet had the means of studying. Ke RG

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vox. I. [26] May, 1876.

194 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Hymenoptera.
UROcERID&.
Urocerus cyaneus, Fab.
IcCHNEUMONID2.
Ichneumon pedalis, Cress. Limneria, four or five undetermin-
Ichneumon inconstans, Cress. _ed species. 4
BRACONID®.
Microgaster ——sp ? Bracon, four or five undetermined
species.
MOUTILLIDA.
Mutilla californica, Rad. Mutilla coccineohirta, Blake.
ScoLiaAD&.

Tiphia albilabrus, St. Fag.

FoRMICARLE.
Several undetermined species were collected.

NyYssonID#&.
Stizus nevadensis, Cress. Larra unicincta, Say.
PHILANTHIDA.
Philanthus frontalis, Cress. Cerceris pedalis, Cress.
CRABRONID&.
Trypoxylon frigidum, Smith.
BEMBECID.
Bembex fasciata, Say. Monedula ventralis, Say.
LARRID&.
Larrada terminata, Smith. Tachytes abdominalis, Say.
SPHEGID.
Ammophila vulgaris, Cress. Pelopoens ceruleus, Linn.
Ammophila commonis, Cress. Pelopoeus cementarius, Drury. ~
Ammophila varipes, Cress. Sphex ichneumoneus, Fabr.
Ammophila luctuosa, Smith. Sphex leviventris, Cress.
PAMPILID&.
Priocnemis terminatus, Say. Pepsis marginata, Fabr.
EUMONID.
Odynerus tigris, Sauss. Odynerus annulatus, Say.
VESPID.
Vespa diabolica, Sauss. Vespa arenaria, Fabr.
Vespa occidentalis, Cress. Polistes variatus, Cress.

Vespa maculata, Linn.

PUTNAM ON UTAH INSECTS. 195

ANDRENID&.

Colletes americana, (ress. Agapostemon radiatus, Say.
Colletes — sp.? Agapostemon texanus, Cress.
Agapostemon nigricornis, Fab. Sphecodes ——— sp.?
. APID&.
Osmia megacephala, Cress. Melissodes densa, Cress.
Megachile pruina, Smith. Melissodes ——— sp. ?
Megachile exilis, Cress. Anthophora occidentalis, Cress.
Megachile ——— sp.? Anthophora terminalis, Cress.
Anthidium interruptum, Say. Bombus flavifrons, Cress.
Nomada Putnamii, Cress. (V. Sp.) Bombus separatus, Cress.
Epeolus lunatus, Say. Bombus sp.?
Ceratina dupla, Say. Apis mellifica, Linn.
Melissodes pruinosa, Say.

Lepidoptera.

RHOPALOCERA.

Papilio turnus, Linn.
One specimen of this or an allied species was collected at Spring
Lake, July 9. It was not uncommon.

Pupilio zolicaon, Boisd.
This species was noticed several times on the sage brush plain
near the base of the mountains, but was not collected.

Parnassius clarius, Boisd.
Quite common during August in Summit Canon, from 8,000 to
10,000 feet altitude. Mr. Edwards marked this species P. cledius,
but according to the figures in W. H. Edwards Butterflies of
North America it is certainly clarivs. Most likely they are both
the same species.

Pieris olerucea, Boisd.
Very abundant in Summit Canon, at 8,000 feet, but was not no-
ticed elsewhere, either on the plains or high up on the mountains.
The specimens collected are almost entirely pure white, most of
them having scarcely any trace even of black atoms at the base
of the wing. One specimen only has a very little black at the
apex and a little more at the base and along the cost of the
anterior wings

Pieris protodice, Boisd.
Common at Spring Lake in July. Two specimens.

Pieris occidentalis, Reakirt.
Quite common in Summit Canon and high up on the mountains

during August. This species and the preceding look a good deal
alike.

196 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Colias heewayden, Edw.

Not very abundant. at Spring Lake and quite rare in Summit
Canon.

Colias Scudderti, Reakirt.

One specimen from the north slope of Mount Nebo at 9,000 feet,
August 23d.

Danas erippus, Cram.

Moderately abundant at Spring Lake during August and Sept-
ember.

Argynnis Hdwardsii, Reakirt. ial
One specimen from Spring Lake Villa, September 3. This spe-
cimen is much larger and rather brighter colored than the figures
on Plate XI of Edward’s Butterflies of North America, T

Argynnis eurynome, Edw.

Quite common in Summit Canon, but difficult to capture on ac-
count of the steep slopes of the mountains Some of the speci-
mens appear more like A, Nevadensés, and there may have been
other species.

Melitwa nubigena, Behr.

Quite common in Summit Canon and on the surrounding moun-
tains during August. One specimen larger and rather differently
marked may be another species.

Phyciodes sp.?
One specimen Summit Cannon, August.
Phyciodes — Spe

One specimen Summit Canon, August. These two species, which
are quite different, were not uncommon.

Grapta satyras, Edw.
One specimen was taken at Spring Lake Villa, July 9th.

(rapta zephyrus, Edw.
One specimen was taken in a side gulch from Summit Canon,
9,000 feet ebove the sea, August 19th.

Vanessa antiopa, Linn.
Not uncommon at Spring Lake during July and August, but was
not collected.

Vanessa milbertit, Goat. }
Observed occasionally in Summit Canon, but I was unable to get
a specimen on account of its rapid irregular flight among fallen
timber.

Pyramets cardui, Linn.
Common at Spring Lake in July.

Limenitis Weidemeyert’, Edw.
Tolerably common in Summit Canon during August.

PUTNAM ON UTAH INSECTS. 197

Limenitis missipus, Fabr.
A few specimens of this species were seen at Spring Lake during
September, but none were collected,

Satyrus charon, Edw.
One specimen from the summit of a bare rocky point at the head
of Summit Canon, August 19th.

Theckla chrysalis, Edw.
One specimen only of this pretty species was taken in Summit
Canon, August 8th.

Chrysophanus virginensis, Edw.
One specimen taken in Summit Canon, August 21st.

Chrysophanus hellotdes, Boisd.
Not uncommon in Summit Canon and on the surrounding moun-
tains.

Chrysophanus sirius, Edw.
Found also in Summit Canon and on the surrounding mountains.

Lycena heteronca, Boisd
Quite common among flowers in Summit Canon. The females of
this species and the above species of Chrysophunus all look very
much alike.

Lycena Pheres, Boisd.
One specimen was taken in Summit Canon.

Lycena exilis, Boisd.
I found this very pretty little species quite common among the
salt weeds growing along the shores of Utah Lake, in September.

Goniloba tityrus, Fabr.
Common in the flower garden at Spring Lake Villa.

Pyrgus tessellata, Scud.
Very common in Summit Canon, flying swiftly up and down the
road close to the ground and very difficult to capture.

Pamphila sp?
Two specimens collected in Summit Canon in August, where it is
quite common.

HETEROCERA.
Detliphiiu lineata, Fabr.
Common in the flower garden at Spring Lake Villa in September.

Hudryas unio, Hubner.
A single specimen was taken at Spring Lake Villa in July,

198 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NA'TURAL SCIENCES.

Gnophaela vermiculata, Grote.
Remarkably abundant in Summit Canon, at, from 7000 to 9000 feet
altitude, during the first two weeks in August. The little brooks
were in places almost dammed up with the dead bodies which had
fallen in. They seemed to prefer flowers of a yellow color, but
were found on almost everything. Great numbers were in codto.
In the cool of the evening and early morning they were generally
rather sluggish and hung heavily to the plant on which they rest-
ed. Inthe heat of the day they were more active and would fly
readily. Thousands of specimens might easily have been gath-
ered in a few hours. One or two specimens were collected at
Spring Lake Villa at the base of the mountains and one was
brought to me from Utah Lake—ten miles distant. The first spe-
cimen was collected July 27th in Summit Canon. This species,
which I have also found plentiful at Empire City, Colorado, is
very uniform in its variations. In a considerable number of spe-
cimens from both localities the two white patches are connected
behind the base of the third median nervule, while in other speci-
mens this dividing black band is quite broad and has the edges

.. smooth; and there is nearly every degree of blackness between.

ey Aton my specimens without exception have the ground color of
the wings greenish, and not yellowish white. They vary in size,
without regard to sex from 1.6 inches to 2.2 inches expanse of
wings. I have noticed no other important variation.

Pseudohaztes eglanterina, Boisd.

One female was taken at our camp inSummit Canon at 8,000 feet on
August 7th. On August 9th I found it quite abundant and active,
on the very summit of a high rocky point at the head of Summit
Canon and about three miles northeast of Mount Nebo. This point,
which is not less than 10,500 feet above the sea, formed a congre-
gating place for large numbers of Lepidoptera of various species
—Parnassius, Pieris, Argynnis, Melitea, Satyrus, Lycena, Pseudo-
hazies, etc. I several times noticed this species on other high
points in the vicinity, but never at a lower altitude. At Spring
Lake I several times saw a moth, always flying over the house,
very much resembling this species but white instead of yellow.
It is probably the same species which I took in August, I873, on
the Yellowstone River—probably Pseudohazies picu, Walk.

Clisiocampa sylvatica, Harr.
(ne specimen probably of this species was taken at Spring Lake
Villa. July.

Catocala faustina, Strecker.
A number of specimens were seen at Spring Lake in September,
and also among the oak brush in the lower part of Summit Canon.
But one specimen was collected.

PUTNAM ON UTAH INSECTS. 199

Coleoptera.

I. THE Mount NExBo ALPINE ReGion 7,000 'ro 10,000 Fr. IN ALTITUDE

CICINDELID“.
Cicindela 12 guttata, De).

CARABID&.
Nebria Mannerheimii, F%sch. Harpalus pensylvanicus, Dej.
Carabus Agassizii, Lec. Bembidium funereum, Lec.
Calathus dubia, Lee. Bembidium nevadense, U tke.
Platymus strigicollis, Mann. Bembidium lucidum, Lee.

Pterostichus protractus, Lec.

HyYDROPHILID&

Tropisternus glaber, Herbst.

STAPHYLINID&.

Aleochara bimaculata, Grav. Philonthus cautus, #7.
Quedius, no name. Platystethus Americanus, Hr.

DERMESTID#
Orphilus glabratus, #7.

CoccINELLID®.
Hippodamia 5 signata, Kirby. Coccinella 9-notata, Herbst.
Hippodamia Lecontei, Muls. Coccinella trasversalis, Muls.

Hippodamia parenthesis, Say, var. Anatis Rathvoni, Lec. variety.
Coccinella difficilis, Crotch.

HISTERID.
Saprinus plenus, Lec. Saprinus oregonensis, Lee.

ScARABAIDA.
Aphodius, 7. sp. Diplotaxis liberta, Germ.
Perhaps a large variety of A. coloradensis, Horn.

BUPRESTID %.
Buprestis maculiventris, Say. Melanophila longipes, Say.
Buprestis rusticorum, A7rby.

é; ELATERID.
‘Cryptohypnas bicolor, Esch.

LAMPYRID#.
Photinus californicus, Motseh.

‘B00 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

MALACHID.:.
_Listrus senilis, Lec.
CLERID&.

Clerus ornatus, Say. A variety with bright red bands.
Corynetes violaceus, Linn.

CERAMBYCID&.
Leptura obliterata Hald. ? Leptura chrysocoma, A7rby.
Leptura propinqua, Bland. Monohammus scutellatus, Say.
Leptura subargentata, Kirby.

CHRYSOMELID&.
Saxinis Saucia, Lec. Trirhabda canadensis, Kirby.
Adoxus vittis, Linn. Orchestris Zimmermanni, Crotch.
Galeruca externa, Say. Orchestris albionica, Lec.

Found in abundance on a soli-
tary lupine at 10,000 feet.

TENEBRIONID.
Eleodes pimelioides, Mann.

MORDELLID®.
Pentaria fuscula, Lec. varieties. Anaspis rufa, Say.
Anaspis atra, Lee. Mordella scutellaris, abr.
MELOIDs
Epicauta puncticollis, Mann. Nemognatha apicalis, Lec.

Epicauth fissilabrus, Horn.

!
CuURCULIONIDA.
Ceutorrynchus, no name.

Il. Sarr Mop Fuat near Utan LAKE.

CICINDELID&.

Cicindela 12-guttata, Dej. Cicindela senilis, Zor.

CARABIDA
Elaphrus Lecontii, Crotch. Pogonus depressus, Lee N. Sp-
Dyschirius salivagens, Lec. N. Sp. Bembidium cordatum, Lec.
Dyschirius patruelis, Lec. Bembidium umbratum, Lec.
Lebia viridis, Say. Bembidium pictum, Lee.
Blechrus lucidus, Lee. Bembidium vile, Zee.
Harpalus amputatus, Say. Bembidium 6-punctatum, Lee.

Stenololophus anceps, Lee. Tachys corax, Lec.

PUTNAM ON UTAIIL INSECTS. 201

DyYTISCID.X.

Hydropcrus cinctellus, Lec. Rhantus binotatus, Harr.
Laccophilus decipiens, Lec.

HyYpDROPHILID®.
Hydrobius subcuprens, Say.

STAPHYLINID.
Philonthus paederoides, Lec. Paederus compotens, Lec.
Bledius n. sp. near cordatus, Say.
SILPHID®.
Peltis (Silpha) ramosa, Say.

DERMESTID&.
Dermestes marmoratus, Say. Dermestes nubilus, Sy.
CoccINELLID®.
Hippodamia 13-punctata, Ln.
HETEROCERID.#.

Heterocerus cuniculus, A7Zes.

ELATERIDA.
Drasterius elegans, Fubr.

LAMPYRID&.
Photinus californicas, Wotsch. var.

MALACHID&.
Collops vittatus, Say.
CHRYSOMELID®.
Pachybrachys caelatus, Lec. Chaetocnema subviridis, Lee.
Galerucella morosa, Lec. Chaetocnema confinis, Crotch.

TENEBRIONID&.
Blapstinus.moestus, Wels. western variety,

ANTHICID&.
Anthicus rejectus, Lec. Tanarthrus salicola, Lee. (n. sp.)

MorDELLIDe.
Mordelistena pustulata, Weds.

Nore.—Dyschirtus salivagens and Tunarthrus salicola are described
from specimens collected by me, by Dr. LeConte, in the Transactions
of the American Entomological Society, Nov., 1875, page 169-174. He

however, gives a wrong locality, for Utah Lake is about 75 miles south
of Salt Lake.

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vot. I. [27] May, 1876.

202 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Ill. Tue Sacre Bruso REGION; MOSTLY IN THE VICINITY OF SPRING
LAKE ViL1a, 4,000 To 6,000 FEET IN ALTITUDE.

CICINDELID®.

Cicindela tranquebarica, Herbst.

Cicindela 12-guttata, De.

Cicindela near purpurea, Oliv.

CARABID.

Brachynus stygicornis, Say.
Aphelogenia guttula, Lee.
Metabletus Americanus, De).
Pterostichus scitulus, Lec.
Pterostichus mutus, Say.
Amara (Lirus) laticollis, Lee.
Amara (Lirus), no name.
Amara fallax, Lee.

Chleenius sericeus, Forst.
Agonoderus pallipes Fadr.
Bradycellus californicus, Lec.
Harpalus amputatus, Say.
Harpalus calignosus, Fabr.
Harpalus pensylvanicus, De).

Harpalus herbivagus, Say.
Harpalus fraternus, Lee.
Harpalus funestus, Lec.
Bembidium bifossulatum, Lec.
Bembidium nebraskense, Lec.
Bembidium lucidum, Lee.
Bembidium cordatum, Lec.
Bembidium rapidus, Lee.
Bembidium versicolor, Lee.
variety minimum, Lec.
Bembidium pictum, Lec.
Bembidium cautum, Lec.
Tachys corax, Lec.
Tachys incurvus, Say.

HALIPLID®.

Cremidotus, callosus, Lee.

Dy TIScID&.

Hydroporus punctatus, Say.
Hydroporus affinis, Say.
Cybister fimbriolatus, Say.
Laccophilus decipiens, Lec.
Dytiscus marginicollis, Lec.

Rhantus binotatus, Harris.
Gaurodytes griseipennis, Lec.
Gaurodytes fimbriatus, Lec.
Gaurodytes Austini, Croteh.

GYRINID.

Gyrinus analis, Say.

HyYDROPHILIDA.

Helophorus lineatus, Suy.

Hydrophilus triangularis, Say.

Tropisternus limbalis, Lee.

Tropisternus glaber, Herbsé,
Laccobius agilis, Rand.
Hydrobius subcupraeus, Say.

STAPHYLINID.®.

Aleochara bimaculata, Grav.
Creophilus villosus, Grav.

Oxytelus seulptus, Grav.

SILPHID.X.

Silpha (Necrophorus) marginata, Fad.

ae eh

PUTNAM ON UTAH INSECTS. 203

LATRIDIID.
Latridius pumilus, Wels.
DERMESTID#.
Dermestes marmoratus, Say.
NITIDULID.
Cercus seticans, Lec. Meligethes ruficornis, Lee.
CoccINELLID@.
Hippodamia 5-signata, Hirby. Hippodamia 13-punctata, Zinn.
HETEROCERID.
Heterocerus pallidus, Say.
HISTERID®.
Hister Ulkei. Horn. Saprinus plenus, Lec.
Saprinus oregonensis, Lec.
LUCANID&.

Dorcus mazama, Lec.

ScARABAIDA.

Atenius abditus, Hald. Cyclocephala immaculata, Burm.
Deplotaxis brevicollis, Lec. Euryomia inda, Linn.
Macronoxia 10-lineata, Say.

BUPRESTID.
Melanophila longipes, Say. Anthaxia retefer, Zec.

ELATERIDA.
Drasterius elegans, Lec.

TELEPHORIDA,
Chauliognathus basalis, Lec.

MALACHID&.
Collops bipunctatus, Say. Collops vittatus, Say.

CLERIDA,
Corynetes violaceus, Linn.

CERAMBYCID.

Elaphidion procerum, Lee. Calloides nobilus, Say.
Tragidion fulvipennis, Say. Tetraopes femoralis, Lee.

2A DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

SPERMOPHAGID.
Mylabris (Bruchus) pisi, Léw. Mylabris (Bruchus) fraterculus, Horn

CHRYSOMELIDA.

Cryptocephalus auratus, Mabr. Trirhabda canadensis, A7rby.
Pachybrachys atomarius, Hald. Graptodera, 70 name.
Chrysochus cobaltinus, Lec. Orchestris Lewisil, Crotch.

Monoxia debilis, Lee.

TENEBRIONIDS.

Asida elata, Lee. Eleodes nigrina, Lec.
Eleodes obscura, Say Eleodes hispilabrus, Suy.
Eleodes sulcipennis, Winn. Blapstinus pratensis, Lec. :

Eleodes extricata, Say.

ANTHICID.A,
Notoxus subtilis, Lec. Anthicus nanus, Lee.
Anthicus rejectus, Lec. Anthicus bellulus, Lee.
Anthicus cervinus, Fabr.

MorDELLID.
Mordellistena aemula, Lee. Rhipiphorus scaber, Lec.
MELOIDA.
Epicauta ferruginea, Say. Nemognatha bicolor, Lec.
Zonitis bilineata, Say. Nemognatha apicalis, Lec.

CURCULIONID®.
Erirrhinus, two species. Sphenophorus ochreus, Lec.
Dorytomus mucidus, Say. Undetermined, tio species.
Copturus opereulatus, Say.

Neuroptera.

The Neuroptera and Pseudo-neuroptera collected in Utah last
summer have been very kindly determined for me by Dr. H. A. Hagen
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. He sends me
the following list:

1. .#sehna interna, 68. Summit Canon, August. Abundant,
2. Nschna constricta, 2. Summit Canon, August 8th.

3. schna californica, 2. Utah Lake, July 6th.

4. Plathemis subornata, ¢. Utah Lake, July 6th.

5. Libellulu forensis, 3. Spring Lake, July 8th.

_

Libellul saturata, 4. Spring Lake, July 10th.

PUTNAM ON UTAH INSECTS. 205

Libellula composita, 2. Utah Lake, July 10th.

8. Mesothemis collocata, 2. Spring Lake, July 4th

9. Déplax flavibasis, 43. Utah Lake, July. Summit Canon. Aug.
10-13. Agrion. Four species Utah Lake, Spring Lake. July.

14. Hewagoniu bilineata, Utah Lake, July 5.

15. Polystechotes punctatus, Spring Lake, September.

16. Stenophylax gilvipes, Spring Lake, July.

17. Myrmilleon diversas, Spring Lake, July.

18. Myrmilleon spec., Spring Lake, August. ;

19. Chrysopa (near externa), Spring Lake, July. In bad condition,

“The Agrions are not given, as my old friend Selys Longckamps
is just publishing a work upon them, and I would not interfere with
his nomenclature. My types are all in his hands, so. I can not give
you the names for Nos. 10-15. The two last belong to the subgenus
Ishmero.

“ Among your species these are new to the fauna of Utah:

1. 4schna constricta.

2. Aschna californica.
3. Plathemis subornata.
4. Libellula forensis.

5. Libellula saturata.

6. Libellula composita.
7. Mesothemis collocata.

8. Diplax flavibasis.
9,10. Probably Agrion, 10, 12.
11. Hexagonia bilineata.
12. Stenophylax.

“ But most of them (1, 4, 5, 6, 7,) I have from the Yellowstone,—the
others from California. .#/sehna californica, formerly only from the far
west, gives this the most eastern locality. . composéta is only the sec.
ond specimen I have seen; the male would be very important. LD. flavi-
basis 1 possessed for twenty years in specimens from California, but so
bad that I did not describe them. In the meantime I have received this
species by three collectors. The Stevophylar is perhaps a different
species, but very near to giloipes. The only specimen is not fit for
description. You see your kind remittance contains important addi
tions and J am very obliged to you.”

H. A. HaGen.

206 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

LIST OF HYMENOPTERA,

Collected by J. Duncan Putnam, of Davenport, Iowa, with
Descriptions of two New Species.

BY E. T. CRESSON, PHILADELPHIA.

UROCERID.

Urocerus flavicornis, Fab. 2 Boulder
Urocerus abdominalis, Hab. 49
Urocerus cyaneus, Mab. ¢

Tremex columba, Fab. ¢

TENTHREDINID®.

Acordulecera dorsalis, Say.
Dolerus bicolor, Beauv.

“ colaris, Say.

“ aprilis, Norton,
Selandria nubilipennis, Worton.
Tenthredo xanthus, Norton.

pectoralis, Norton.
« variata, Norton,
Phyllaecus clavatus, Norton.

Canon, Empire City, Col.

Wind R., Stinkingwater R., Wyo.

Spring Lake, Utah.
Davenport, Lowa.

Davenport, Lowa.
Clear Creek, Col.
Davenport, Lowa.

Empire (ity, Col.; Green River, Wy.

Fort Bridger, Wy.
Empire City, Col.
Empire City, Col.
Empire City, Col.
Clear Creek, Col.

Spring Lake, Utah.
Davenport, Lowa.
Spring Lake, Utah.

Davenport, Iowa; Plains, Denver,

Empire, Col.

IcHNEUMONID.
{chneumon pedalis, Cress.

leetus, Cress.

inconstans, Cress.
variegatus, Cress.
vinulentus, Cress.
S allapsus, Cress.
¢ Lewisii, Cress.
a propinquus, Cress.
te suturalis, Say.

Cryptus luctuosus, Cress.
“ tejonensis, Cress.
Pimpla pedalis, Cress.

2 inquisitor, Say.
Arenetra nigrita, Cress
Exochus levis, Cress.

= carinatus, Cress
Tryphon communis, Cress.
Bassus sycophanta, Walsh.

“ orbitalis, Cress.

“ - maculifrons, Ovess.
Exochilum mundum, Say.

Empire City, Col.
Clear Creek, Empire City.
Davenport, Iowa.

Empire, Col.; Green River, Wy.

Empire, Col
Empire, Col,
Fort Bridger, Wy-
Davenport, Lowa.
Monticello, lowa.
Davenport, Iowa.
Monticello, Iowa.
Moxticello, lowa.
Empire City, Col.
Davenport, Lowa.
Clear Creek, Col.
Clear Creek, Col,
Davenport, Lowa.

CRESSON ON HYMENOPTERA. 207

Ophion bilineatus, Suy. Empire and Denver, Col.; Ft. Bridger and
Green River, Wy.; Davenport, Iowa.

i purgatus, Say. Denyer, Col.
Paniscus geminatus, Say. Davenport, Lowa.
Mesochorus agrilus, Cress. Green River, Wy-
Pelecinus polyluratur, Dej. Davenport, Iowa,

BRACONID
Chelonus sericeus, Say. Empire, Col.; Wind River, Wy.
Rogas terminatus, Cress. . Davenport, Iowa.
Toxoneuron seminigrum, Cress. Denver, Col
- explorator, Say. Denver, Col.
Microdus fulvescens, Cress. Denver, Col.
Agathis vulgaris, Cvess. Canon City, Col.
CHALCIDID.
Chalcis ovata, Say. Denver and Clear Creek, Col.

MUTILLID&

Mutilla gibbosa, Say. 4 Denver, Col.
e Camanche, Blake. 2 Boulder, Col.
s californica, Rad. 2 Boulder and Canon City, Col.; Wind

River, Wy.; Spring Lake, Utah.
ss creusa, Cress. : Boulder, Col.
ss coccineohirta, Blake. Yel. Nat. Pk., Wy; Spring Lake, Utah.

s monticola, Cress. Denver, Col.
st scaevola, Blake. Saratoga, N. Y.
ae ferrugata, Fabr. Canon City, Col.
yy simillima, Smith. Boulder, Col-
Agama concolor, Cress. Denver, Col.

ScoLip.®.

Tiphia albilabris, St. Farg. Spring Lake, Utah.
NYSssONID.
Stizus nevadensis, Cress. Spring Lake, Utah.
Larra unicincta, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.
Nysson aurinotatus, Say. Boulder, Col.
PHILANTHID®.
Philanthus frontalis, Cress. Spring Lake, Utah.
Cerceris pedalis, Cress. Spring Lake, Utah.
deserta, Cress. Denver, Col.

CRABONID®.
Trypoxylon frigidum, Sth. Spring Lake, Utah.

208 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

BEMBECID.,

Bembex fasciata, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.
“ nubilipennis, Ovess. Frederic, Monroe Co., Iowa.
Monedula ventralis, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.

LARRID.

Larrada argentata, Beauv. Davenport, Lowa.
“ terminata, Smzth. Spring Lake, Utah.
“ montana, Cress. Plains, Col.
“ tarsata, Say. Denver, Col-
Tachytes abdominalis, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.
Astata unicolor, Say. Plains, Col.

SPHEGID.%.

Ammophila vulgaris, Cress. Davenport, Iowa; Middle Park, Col.;
Spring Lake, Utah.

‘ communis, (vess.. Plains, Empire, Clear Creek, Col.;
Spring Lake, Utah.

et varipes, Cress. Spring Lake, Utah.

‘ pictipennis, Walsh. Davenport, Iowa.

Be ferruginea, Cress. Plains, Col.

« robusta, Ovess. Empire, Col:

i Inctuosa, Smith. Clear Creek and Canon City, Col.;

Spring Lake, Utah.
Pelopoeus caeruleus, Linn. Davenport, Iowa; Boulder, Col.; and
Spring Lake, Utah.

‘ cementarius, Drwry. Boulder, Col.; and Spring Lake, Utah.
Sphex ichueumoneus, Fabr. Spring Lake, Utah.
“ Jreeviventris, Cress. Spring Lake, Utah.
Priononyx atrata, St. Farg. Canon City, Col.

PoMPILiIDas.

Pompilus luctuosus, Cress. Canon City, Col.
Priocnemis terminatus, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.
Pepsis marginata, Fabr. Spring Lake, Utah.

EUMENID A.

Odynerus campestris, Savss. Davenport, Iowa.
cS albophaleratus, Savss. Canon City, Col.; Davenport, Iowa.
ss tigris, Lawss. Spring Lake, Utah.
Me annulatus, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.

Masartp.%.

Masaris vespoides, Cress. ¢ Canon City, Col.
s4 zonalis, Cress. 9 Canon City, Col.

P
‘
‘
4
:
¥

'
’
,
a
»

=< > fo

CRESSON ON HYMENOPTERA. 209

: VESPID&.
Vespa germanica, Linn. 69% Davenport, Iowa.
oe diabolica, Sauss. © Denver, Boulder and Empire, Col.; and
Spring Lake, Utah.
i occidentalis, Cress. Denver, Col.; and Spring Lake, Utah.
fs maculata, Lénn. Davenport, Iowa; Spring Lake, Utah; and
Snake River, Wy.
ce arenaria, Habr. spring Lake, Utah.
Polistes variatus, Cress. ¢2 Davenport, lowa; Spring Lake, Utah; and
Boulder, Col.
% pallipes, St. Marg. Davenport, Lowa
‘ metricus, Say. , Davenport, Iowa.

ANDRENID®.

Colletes americana, Cress. Denver, Col.; Spring Lake, Utah.
“ albescens, Cress. Denver, Col.
fe consors, Cress. Clear Creek, Col.
Augochlora pura, Say. Davenport, Iowa.
Agapostemon nigricornis, ab.¢ Spring Lake, Utah.
. radiatus, Say. Monticello, lowa; Spring Lake, Utah.
ss texanus, Cress. Boulder, Col.; Spring Lake, Utah.
APIDé.
Prosopis basalis, Sm7th. Canon City, Col.
ts affinis, Smith. Davenport, Lowa.
Osmia megacaphala, Cvess. Spring Lake, Utah.
Monumetha borealis, Cvress. “Clear Creek, Col.
Megachile prunia, Smith. 4¢ Boulder, Col. ;$pring Lake, Utah.
exilis, Cress. 6 Boulder, Col; Spring Lake, Utah.
ty gentilis, Cress. Boulder, Col.; and Empire, Col.
Lithurgus apicalis, Cress. Boulder, Col.
Anthidium maculifrons, Smith. Boulder, Col.
“ interruptum, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.
Heriades variolosa, Cress. Boulder, Col.
Nomada grandis, Cress. Canon City, Col.
“ Putnami, Cress. (N. Sp.) Spring Lake, Utah.
maculata, Cress. ~ Leavenworth, Kansas.
$f incerta, Cress. Denver, Col.
Epeolus lunatus, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.
‘“ mereatus, Hab. Empire and Denver, Col.
Ceratina dupla, Say. Spring Lake, Utah; and Leavenworth, Kansas.
Melissodes speciosa, Cress. 4 Denver, Col.
. honesta, Cress. ° Green River, Wy.
pruinosa, Say. Spring Lake, Utah.
4 menuachus, C7'ses. Boulder, Col.

BRoG) DUAU NSS: Vor. I [28] May, 1876.

210 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

4 densa, Cress. Spring Lake, Utah; Boulder, Col.
Anthophora occidentalis, Cress. 9 Boulder, Col.; 4 Spring Lake, Utah.
e terminalis, Cress. 42 Empire, Col.; Spring Lake, Utah.
Ke albata, Cress. (N.Sp.) ¢ Denver, Col.
Apathus insularis, Smith. Empire and Clear Creek, Col.
af elatus, Hab. Davenport, Iowa.

Bombus fervidus, #ab. Ft. Bridger, Wy.; Davenport, Lowa; and Spring
Lake, Utah.

“borealis, Aérby. Empire, Col.
ee flavifrons, Cress. Empire, Col.; Spring Lake, Utah.
“ternarius, Say. Ft. Bridger, Wy.; Empire, Col,
fs separatus, Cress. Davenport, lowa; Spring Lake, Utah.
“ pennsylvanicus, DeGeer. Davenport, lowa.
*“_-virginicus, Lini. Davenport, lowa.
Apis mellifica, Zinn. Spring Lake, Utah ; Monticello and Davenport,
Towa.

Nomada Putnami, Cresson, n. sp.

9.—Black, shining; head evenly, not closely or strongly punctured ;
clypeus sparsely punctured; a large subtriangular mark on each side
of face and a spot on base of mandables, lemon-yellow; mandibles ex-
cept tips, narrow posterior orbital line and three basal joints of anten-
ne ferruginous; thorax strongly, evenly and rather closely punctured,
clothed with a yellowish pubescence, more dense on the sides and on
metathorax; scutellum depressed medially; a line on prothorax, two
Jarge nearly confluent spots on scutellum, line on postscutellum, tube1-
cles and small spef.on pleura, lemon-yellow; tegule honey-yellow ;
wings clouded with fuscous, apical margin darker; stigma ferrugin-
ous, nervures fuscons; legs ferruginous, with yellowish pubescence,
four posterior cox, each with a small yellow spot; abdomen shining,
closely and finely punctured, apical margin of segments smooth and
polished; the dorsal segments each with acontinuous lemon-yellow
subapical band, that on second segment broadly dilated laterally, the
others slightly so; venter brown-ferruginous, with yellowish pube-
scence. Length, 4% lines.

9.—Entire face except short black sutural line on each side of cly-
peus, labrum, base of mandibles, spot behind eyes, scape beneath,
small spot beneath tubercles, knees and anterior tibix before, yellow;
flagellum ferruginous beneath; sixth abdominal segment with a yel-
low band; apical segment emarginate at tip; venter blackish-brown:
otherwise like the ¢.

Utah Six specimens. It give me pleasure to dedicate this hand-
some species to my friend J. Duncan Putnam, Esq., of Davenport, Lowa.

b

CRESSON ON HYMBENOPTERA. 211

Anthaphora Albata, Cresson, n. sp.

?—Black, head, thorax and first abdominal segment, clothed with
a rather long, dense white pubescence, shorter on mesothorax; spot
beneath base of antenux, clypeus except narrow apical margin and
two large spots at base, which are black, labrum and mandibles ex-
cept tips, white; antennz short, brown; disk of mesothorax nearly
destitute of pubescence, shining, finely punctured; wings short, clear
hyaline, nervures black; legs brown, clothed above with short dense
white pubescence, beneath it is black, especially on large basal joint
of tarsi; abdomen ovate, except base of first segment, the surface above
is covered with a very dense short appressed pubeseence, at aprical
middle of fifth segment a raised patch of blackish pubescence; venter
brown-black, with a few pale hairs at apex. Length 44 lines.

Denver, Colorado; several specimens collected by Mr. Putnam
during the month of June.

219 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

List of Donations to the Museum of the Academy.
1868.

Barler, A. U.. A collection of Geodes and other specimens.

Baylies, Rev. H. Vertebra of Shark. An $8.00 bill of old Continental
“currency.

Byrnes, Dr. Thos. ; Walcott, Towa. A specimen of cryolite.

Challen, Rev. James Specimens of stone and iron ore from the coffer-
dam on Moline chain.

Oummings, Isaae. Mammoth tooth from Colorado; shell rock and
other specimens.

Dubois, B. F. Genidodendros from Buffalo, Iowa.

Dutton, Agate from New Mexico.

Eads. L. T. Indian relics and minerals.

Faught, V.R.; Hamilton, Iu. Collection of Geodes. etc.

Griffith, Lieut. J. H.; U. 8. Lake Survey. Deer moss from the summit
of the Mamaisne mountains in British America.

Hawkins, J. D.; Rock Island. An arrow-head.

Hart, W. J. A rebel gun.

Higday, Dr.; La Porte, Indiana. Bog iron ore,

Iles, Dr T. J. Package of geological specimens from various locali-
ties.

Lawes, A. J. Specimens of minerals.

May, Enoch; Burlington, Iowa. A box of crinoids.

Parry, Dr. C.C. Specimens of Rocky mountain woods with their
seeds.

Pratt, W. H. Fossil coal plants and river shells.

Riepe, Wm. Animals preserved in alcohol.

doss, W. #. Cast of a pair of fossil shells.

Sanders, Mrs. Alfred. A large collection of minerals, fossils and re
cent shells.

Tiffany, A. S. A collection of minerals, ete.

Vermillion, W. D. A. fossil shell.

Watkins, 0. S. A specimen of Franklinite.

Wheeler, H. Two lots of specimens of minerals, etc.

Wilcox, Dr. H. B.; Three Oaks, Mich. Box of fresh water shells from
Galena river, Michigan.

1869.

Barler, A. U. A number of bird’s nests and eggs. Peat from White-
side county, II1., in its natural condition and also manufactured.
Lime-stone containing casts of Pentamerus oblongus from Maquo-
keta, Lowa.

Clinton, Hon. G. W.; Buffalo, N.Y. A large and valuable collection
of named botanical specimens from Buttalo, N. Y.

DONATIONS TO TITE MUSEUM. ote

Fejervary, N. Indian arrow-head ; several glacier scratched boulders.

Francis, James. Specimens of Lignite from 9

Gray, Wm. Specimens of granite from Scotland.

Osburn, A. Specimen of Coryddils cornutus.

_ Parker, ——. Specimens of wood from the C., R. I. & P. Railroad
cut, west of town.

Parkhurst, Lemuel. Specimen of some unknown substance.

Parry, Dr. C. C. Specimens of coal from various western localities.

Portland Society of Naturai History, Portland, Maine. Box of Marine
shells and other specimens.

Shultz, A butterfly.

Starbuck, D. J.; Moscow, Towa. Specimens of a scorpion and other in-
sects collected at Manzanilla on the west coast of Mexico.

Tiffany, A.S. Bones found buried in the soil of a prairie slough,
Henry Co, Illinois.

1870.

Cock, C. C. Some pebbles from Ireland.

Hads, L.T. Specimen of cretaceous limestone from Nickolls Co., Neb.

Hall, H. L.; Tipton, Towa. Specimens of coal and of a fossil oyster
trom California.

Iles, Dr. T. J., | Cartridge shell made for the French Needle gun.

Lewis, Chas. Marine shells and whalebone.

Tiffany, A.S. Geodes and fossil fish teeth from Keokuk, Iowa.

1871.

Ackly, L.S. Two specimens of coal plants from Mississippi Ave.,
Davenport.

Sanders, Mrs. Alfred. A stuffed alligator, and also a turtle.

Gray, Wm. A stone found near Washington, Lowa.

1873.

Barris, Prof. W. H. Specimens of selenite crystals.

Dittoe, W.T. A fossil fern from Perry Co., Ohio.

French,G. H. Pieces of wood from excavation of D. & St. P. R. R.,
East Davenport.

Melville, J. H. Specimens of iron ore from Green Co., Missouri.

Myers, Dr. R. D. Corals from Monticello, Iowa.

Putnam, J. D. Specimen of Graptolites from the Utica Slate, Saratoga

Co., New York.

Thorington, Hon. Jas. Seventeen skins of tropical birds.

Tiffany, A.S. A large number of geological and mineralogica! spe-
cimens from Missouri.

214 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

1874.

Balch, F. W. Fire brick fluxed.

Baldwin, EZ. B. Copper implement found in excavating for new gaso-
meter. (Plate VI, fig. 1.)

Barler, A.U. Box of fossils.

Barret, W. W.; Sheboygan, Wis. Specimen of Waverly sandstone from
Elyria, Ohio.

Dodge, Mrs. W. L.; Buffalo, Towa. Mineral specimens from Colorado.

Gray, Wm. A discoidal stone, an Indian relic.

Haines, Mrs. Mary P.; Richmond, Ind. Twenty-five species of silurian
fossils.

Harrison, I. W. Example of spontaneous grafting of oak.

Putnam, Mrs C. EH. Piece of Atlantic Telegraph Cable of 1858.

Price & Hornby. Stone axe found four feet below the surface; East
Davenport.

Ross, W. F. Skull from the Albany Mounds.

Sands, M. Tortoise shell and minerals.

Schumacher, Geo. Crystals of Tourmaline from Georgia. Specimens
of Trilobites.

Waldron, Dr. C. F. Stone-axe weighing 12 pounds, found on Rock
Island.

Wheeler, H. Cannel coal from Versailles, Morgan county, Il.

1875.

Ackley, J. A. Naval cutlass captured on the rebel gunboat, “ Gen.
Bragg,” 1862.

Baker, Mrs. Dr. Fred. Specimen of quartzite.

Baleh, F. W. Specimen of gypsum from Michigan.

Barrett, Miss Lydia O. A mole (Scalops aquaticus.)

Barrie Miss Jane. Fossil shells, etc., from Galt, Canada.

Berryhill, Col. J. H. Piece of the Atlantic éable, of 1868.

Bowman, C.; Andalusia, Tl. Collection of 41 mounted mammals
birds and reptiles.

Brewster, Mrs. W.C. Uarge flint scraper.

Brown S. E. Specimen of native silver, from Silver Island, Lake
Superior.

Burrows, Mrs. J. M. D. A-stone hatchet; a shark’s tooth.

Candee, Fred. Coins from Pompeii. Several specimens of cloth from
Sandwich Islands. Newspapers in Hawaiian language. Speci-
men of native sulphur.

Collamer, Neal. Stone hatchet and bead from the Albany mounds,

An Indian arrow taken out of the body of a man near Plumb
Creek.

Cook, Humie. Stuffed mole; snake rattles, etc.

Cowdery, Samuel. Specimen of sand-stone from well at Princeton, La-

DONATIONS TO TIF MUSEUM. 25

Crane, Mrs. J. G. A miscellaneous collection of minerals including ,
native copper, etc.

Orawford Capt. J. A. Specimen of hyalite from Hot Springs, Ark.

Dalzell, Jas. M. Specimen of red pipe stone.

Davenport, Geo. L. A stuffed swan and a number of other water fowl.
Modern Indian tomahawk, silver mounted; modern Indian pipe;
a number of stone axes, etc.

Davis & Camp. Metamorphosed slate from Vermont.

Downs, Capt. Specimen of cannel coal containing lead and zine ores
in crystals and seams from mines near California, Mo.

Eads, L. 7. Specimens of limonite and conglomerate iron ore from
the coal measures of Scott county, Lowa.

Fejervary, N. Flint arrow-head; stone-axe; stone-ball

Fisher, J. B. Polished corals from Towa City.

French, Geo. H. Collection of minerals and ores from Utah and
Colorado; hammer-stones from the Island of Rock Island.

French, Geo. W. A sione maul; a specimen containing calcite and
other crystals; fossil fish from Colorado; skull of a mound-builder.

French, Morton. A horned toad from Utah.

Gilehrist, J. R.; Mount Pleasant, Town. Copper and jasper.

Gronen, W. O. Specimen of sand-stone.

Hall, Capt. W. P. Specimen of staghorn sumac, Wisconsin; ham-
mer-stone from mound at Rockingham; a large number of stone
and flint implements.

Hall, Miss Grace. Modern Indian pipe and stem.

Harris, Capt. D. S.; Galena, Til. A fine specimen of lead ore and an
Indian stone implement.

Harrison, 1. W. A stone-axe found in Kentucky.

Hawthorn, B. B.; LeClaire, Towa. A petrefaction.

Haupt, Adolph. Forty-five foreign and twenty U.S. postage stamps.

Hickox, G. A pair of velvet pants presented to Gen. Tom Thumb by
Queen Victoria. A fossi] shell and astone carved by prisoners on
the Island during the war.

Holman, R. B. A human skeleton mounted.

Holmes. Mrs. W. H. A valuable collection of sea shells, arrow-heads,
etc.; collection of recent and fossil! shells.

Howard, J. W. A brown bat.

Hume, John. Quartzite from Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin.

Hunting, Rec. S. S. Thirty specimens of mounted birds from the
Mississippi Valley. Specimens of native copper from Lake Su-
perior

King, Rev. J. D.; Vinyard Haven, Mass. (Partly in exchange throug
Messrs. Tiffany and Pratt;) a valuable collection of decapod
crustaceans, sponges, shells, flint implements, ete.

Kuhnen, Nicholas. Head of mountain sheep.

Jones, Miss M. L. X fossil shell.

216 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Lane, Mrs. Jas. T. Warge sea shell.

Lapham, Dr. I. A. ; Milwaukee, Wis. Specimen of lichen.

Leonard, Prof. N. R., lowa City. A fragment of the Meteorite which
fell Feb. 12, 1875, near Homestead, Lowa.

Marder, Luse & Co. ; Chicago, 1. Paper pulp used for stereotyping.

Meade, Hon. J. R.; Wichita, Kansas. Specimens of cinnabar fos-
sils, etc.

Modeman, M. L. Miss, Flint scraper from near Lexington, Ky.

Myers, Monticello, Iowa. Fossil coral.

Myers, Dr. R. D. Carved Indian pipe.

Nagel, J. J. Atramed collection of 187 foreign and U.S postage
stamps.

Orr, Lewis, Specimen of encrinal limestone.

Parry, Dr. C. C. Collection of small obsidian arrow-heads from
near Cedar Cily, Plate XI, Utah. Section of mountain mahogany

(Cercucarpus), from Utah.

Parry, Mrs. 0. C. Specimen of granite used in the Mormon Temple
at Salt Lake, Utah.

Piatt, Geo. W., Rock Island. A box of minerals, ores, etc., from Col-
orado.

Plummer, C. G. Whalebone broom from the South Sea Islands.

Pratt, Chester. Silver ornament and arrow-head from Toolesboro, Ia,

Pratt, Miss Frankie. A collection of 120 foreign coins, ete.

Pratt, W. H. A grooved stone and a hammer stone from the Island.
A large collection of the land and fresh water shells of Davenport
and vicinity. Ninety-six species.

Putnam, John C. Model of a ship.

Putnam, J. D. Box of Cretaceous fossils from Canon City, Colora
do. A large number of specimens of reptiles, shells, etc,, in alco.
hol, from Davenport, lowa, Colorado, Wyoming, etc. Stone im-
plement for grinding corn, from Spring Lake, Utah. A large col-
lection of reptiles, molluces, etc., in alcohol, from Utah county,
Utah. Six arrow-heads from near St. George, Utah. (Piate XI,
fig. 8, 13.) A collection of land and fresh water shells from the
Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming. r

Putiam, W. C. Small green snake in alcohol. :

Putnam, Mrs, 0. H. A collection of minerals and ores from Colora_
do. Specimen of silver ore from the Ni-Wot mine, Colorado,
Specimen of moss from the summit of Rocky Mountains. Col-
lection of agates. Wire basket made by a blind girl.

Sanders, Mrs. Alfred. A collection of botanical specimens from Ohio
and Iowa. Six specimens of continental currency. Two histor-
ical charts.

Sands, M. An East Indian satchel—a relic from the siege of Luck-
now.

Santher, August; Bigfalo, Towa. Pigment earth, etc.

~~

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM. Q17

Schumacher, Geo. A group of very large crystals of dog-tooth spar,
from Dubuque, Iowa.

Sears, Daniel. Copper kettle used by the Indians.

Sheldon, Prof. D. S. A collection of plants from Central Illinois.
Specimen of amethystine quartz. Foreign marine and land
shells (5 genera, 21 species, 89 specimens). Skull of a muskrat
and of a flying squirrel. Bones of a gar fish. Two bats, one the
Silver-haired. .

Sibels, Miss Isabel, Rapids City. A sea shell.

Simpson, Robert. Iron bake kettle.

Spink, George. Skull of rabbit.

Sttbolt, A. T. Ancient stone axe, fleshing stone, and two flint arrow-
heads. Three specimens of fossil coal plants.

Stuyvesant, Mrs. M. L. A woven water proof basket from the Sand-
wich Islands. A Chinese knife, chop sticks and case. A col-
lection of sea-shells, ete. An ancient earthen water jug; from the
South Pacific.

A pair of Chinese slippers. A number of Mexican spurs.

Thompson, Jas. Copies from ancient Egyptian paintings.

Tiftany, A. S. A stone pipe, and a wheel like relic found in a mound
near Buffalo. A considerable number of skulls, bones, flints,
axes and other relics from the mounds.

Tippets, Mrs. C. H., Victory, Wis. Fossils and agates.

Wallace, M. B. Tron shell and ball from Fort Pillow. Specimen of
Spanish moss.

Washington Emery Co. Specimens of emery, solid.

Watkins, C. S. Specimen of brain coral, (Meandrina.)

Weaver, S. W.; Moline, Til. An enigmatical stone implement picked
up near Moline.

Welsh, Wr. ——; Atkinson, fil. A stone axe—broken.

White, Mr. of California. Specimen of Tellurite.

Wheeler, H. A collection of flint arrow-heads. A box of minerals.

Williams, Wm. ; Princeton, Towa.

Witherell, L. R. Piece of petrified log from Buffalo, lowa.

Worley, Dr. P. H. An Indian rattle or drum stick.

Worth, L. A. Pentremites.

Donors of Stone and Flint Implements, 1875.

Adams, Albert —Le Claire, lowa. ©
Adams, Miss Sarah-—Rapids City, Il.
Allen Samuel.—Rock Island Co., [1].
Barler, A. U.—Aledo, Ills.
Arnold, Wm.—Le Claire, Iowa.
Proc. D. A. N.S. Vot. I. [29] May, 1876,

DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Adams, W.----Hampton, Ils.
Baker, H. W.—Port Byron, Ill.
Barber, Geo. E.—Port Byron, Ill.
Barry, John.-—Port Byron, Ill.
Barber, B.----Port Byron, II.
Black, Francis.----Hampton, Il.
Bickle, Lewis.----Le Claire, Iowa.
Beale, J. J.—Rock Island, I].
Black, Jas. Y.—Davenport, Iowa.
Blauvelt, L. T.—Davenport, Iowa.
Braden, John.----Rapids City, Il.
Blinn, Enos.—Port Byron, Il.
Bowker, ——.—Port Byron, I1l.
Brewster, Mrs. W. C.—Davenport, Iowa.
Brooks, M.—Hampton, [1l.

Brown, Armond.—Port Byron, I1l.

Burnell, Lafayette. —Homer, Minn.
Burrows, Mrs. J. M. D.—Davenport, Lowa.
Boyd, R. M.---Davenport, Iowa.

Collamer, Neil.—Davenport, Iowa.
Campbell, J. T.—Davenport, Lowa.
Candee, Fred.—Moline, Il.

Carmichael, W. C.—Davenport, Iowa.
Chamberlain, Levi.—Le Claire, Iowa.
Chamberlain, Willie.—Princeton, Lowa.
Cole, Leonard .—Illinois City, Ils.

Cole, Thomas.----Ilinois City, Ils.

Colip, W. R.----Toolesboro, Iowa.

Crane, Mrs.----Davenport, Iowa.

Collins, Miss Susan.—Moline, Ils.
Condrow, Chas.—Le Claire, lowa.
Connelly, John.—Rockingham, Iowa.
Cock, Horace.—Hampton, Lowa.

Corey, J. L.—Davenport, lowa.

Cox, Jesse.—Rapids City, Ills.

Churchill, Wm.----Rapids City, Ills.
Davenport, Geo. L.—Davenport, Lowa.
Davis, Mrs. John.—Rapids City, Iowa.
Decker, Miss Jennie.—Valley City, Lowa.
DeVinney, Calvin.—Hampton, Il.
Drury, A. C.----Copper Creek, Ils.
Drury, D. C.---Copper Creek, Ills-
Ellis, Mrs. A.—Port Byron, III.
Ely, Frank .-—Davenport, Lowa.
Emela, Peter.----Cleveland, II.
Frazell, M. A.----Oquawka, IIl.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 219

Frazell, J. Hiram.----Oquawka, I1ls.
Fejervary, N.—Davenport, Lowa.
Fleming, James.—Davenport, Lowa.
Franks, James B.—Port Byron, I[1l.
Freeland, Misses E. and M.—Rapids City, III.
Funk, H. H.—Muscatine, Iowa.
Freeland, Felix.—Rapids City, III.
French, G. H.—Davenport, Iowa.
French, G. W.—Davenport, Iowa.
Frales, Henry.----Hampton, Ills.
Gabbert, Capt. W. H.—Davenport, Iowa.
Gabbert, Frank..---Davenport, Iowa.
Gass, Rev. J.----Davenport, Iowa.
Guest, Mrs. R.---Toolesboro, Iowa.
Graham, Francis.—-Rapids City, Ills.
Gellie, James.----- Toolesboro, Iowa.
Glancy, Richard.---Copper Creek, Ill.
Gronen, W. O.----Davenport, Iowa.
Goldsmith, Mrs. H.---Le Claire, Iowa.
Gray, Wm.----Davenport, Iowa.
Graves, Chas.----Toolesboro, Iowa.
Ginung, J.—Rapids City, Ill.
Goldsmith, Mahala.— Wisconsin.
Hacker, Adam.—Muscatine, lowa.
Hall, Jas. E.—Rapids City.
*Hall, Capt. W. P.—Davenport, Iowa.
Hall, G. W.—Rapids City, Il.
Hall, Mrs. Mary R.----Davenport, Iowa.
Harris, Capt. D. 8.----Galena, Ills.
Hollister, Martha L.-.-Port Byron, Ils.
Holmes, Mrs. W. H.--—-Davenport, Iowa.
Hooke, G. W.---Toolesboro, Iowa.
Hobbs, W. 8.----Toolesboro, Lowa.
Hanks, Saml.--—Le Claire, Iowa.
Hill, E.----Green River, Ills.
Hall, Miss Grace R.---Davenport, Iowa.
Hunting, Mrs. J. M.----Davenport, Iowa.
Hampton, Mary.—Muscatine, Iowa.
Harris, Benj.—Le Claire, Iowa.
Harrison, 1. W.—Davenport, Lowa.
Haviland, Adam.—Pleasant Valley, Iowa.
Haviland, Benj.—Pleasant Valley, Lowa.
Henly, H. A.—Pleasant Valley, Lowa.
Hibbard, Alonzo.-—Davenport, Lowa.
*The Academy is indebted to Capt. Hall for a large number of these imple-

ments presented by himself, and for the collection of hundreds of others from the
donors, making up fully one-half of the whoie collection.

DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Hilbourn, Jas.—Le Claire, Iowa.
Hindman, Mrs. Ada L.—Toolesboro, Iowa.
Hindman, Danl.—Toolesboro, Iowa.
Hobart, Miss Mary.—Port Byron, Il.
Hoffman, T. J.—Pleasant Valley, Iowa.
Hostetter, Adam .—Rapids City, Ills.
Hughes, Wm.—Moline, II].

Huler, H. 8.—Le Claire, Lowa.

Hume, John.—Davenport, Iowa.
Hunting, Rev. 8. 8.---Davenport, Iowa.
Huntington, Mrs. J. M.—Davenport, Iowa.
Hyde, A. J.—Pleasant Valley, Iowa.
Hall, Albert W.----Davenpert, Iowa.
Johnson, Emma.----Davenport, Lowa.
Johnson, Carrie. ----Davenport, Iowa.
Keely, Nathan.—Port Byron.

King, Rev. J. D.—Vineyard. Haven, Mass.
Klug, Otto.—Davenport, Lowa.

Krause, Jas.—Port Byron, II.

Kraak, Mr. .---Davenport, Iowa.
Lewes, John.—Rapids City, M1.

Lindsay, J. B.—Davenport, Iowa.
Lovegood, Geo. W.—Watertown, Ills.
Lowry, Mrs. Sarah.----Toolesboro, Iowa.

Lin@ley, Clarence.—Davenport, Iowa.
Luckett, F._-Henry county, Ils.
Lyford, Dr. Wm.—Port Byron, Il.
Maguigan, John.—Wyalusing, Wis.
Maguigan, Milton.—Wyalusing, Wis.
Markins, Mr.—Port Byron, Ill.
Meader, S. L. Hampton, Is.
Matthews, H. N.----Toolesboro, Iowa.
McCabe, Wesley D.----Copper Creek, Is.
Moore, Adam, Hampton, Ils.

May, Enoch.----Burlington, Iowa.
Mills, Richard.----Copper Creek, Ils.
Mills, James.—-Copper Creek, Ills.
Mohr, J. A.—-Rapids City, Ils.
Melrose, Charles._-Toolesboro, [owa.
Martin, A. E.—Princeton, Iowa.
Martin, Emma.—Pleasant Valley, Lowa.
Maxwell, Charlie.—Princeton, Iowa.
Miller, Mrs. J. M.—Rockingham, Iowa.
Modeman, Miss.—Davenport, Iowa.
Moore, Johnnie.—Port Byron, I.
Mulholland, John.—LeClaire, Lowa.

ebeebideessc. A K-36 eae. _-

— 4. a Pee

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

Murphy, Oliver.----Toolsboro, Iowa.
Nannah, Henry —Princeton, Iowa.
Norton, Marietta.—Valley City, Lowa.
O’Brien, James.—Davenport, Iowa.
Parry, Dr. C. C.-Davenport, Iowa.
Parsons, J. J.--Toolesboro, Iowa.
Patterson, Wm.---Toolesboro, Iowa.
Penry, Dr. D. A.—LeClaire, Iowa.
Pope, Justin Princeton, Lowa.
Preston, Dr. C. H—Davenport, Iowa.
Pratt, Chester.—Davenport, Iowa.
Pratt, W. H—-Davenport, Iowa.
Primm, Louis —LeClaire, Iowa.
Prinning, L.—LeClaire, Iowa.
Putnam, J. D—Davenport, Iowa.
Putnam, Mrs. C. E—Davenport, Iowa.
Perry, J .---Wisconsin.

Price & Hornby.—-Davenport, Iowa.

Richards, Mrs. O. W.—LeClaire, Iowa.

Roberts, Israel —Andalusia, Ill.
Reno, Jas —TIllinois City, Ills.
Roberts, R. W.---Davenport, Iowa
Rook, Chas.—Princeton, Iowa.
Rowe, Jacob.—Port Byron, Ill.
Rowe, James.—Port Byron, III.
Reynolds, Ira.--Copper Creek, Ills.
Ruthman, R.-—-Le Claire, Lowa.
Raynor, John H.—Rapids City, Ils.
Rook, Nicholas.-—-Princeton, Iowa.
Ryan, Danl.-—-Davenport, Iowa.
Sands, Michael.—Davenport, Iowa.
Schloeffel, H. A.—Rapids City, II].
Schricker, Chris—Davenport, Iowa.
Schuyler, Mary.—Port Byron, Ill.
Scott, John—Pleasant Valley, Iowa.
Shirley, Mrs. B—Le Claire, Iowa.
Shurtleff, J. S—Ranids City, Iowa.
Sibels, Wm.—-Watertown.

Sibels, A. C—Watertown.

Smull, Henry R.—Copper Creek, I1.
Snyder, Geo.—Rapids City, III.
Shaw, Freeman.---Toolesboro, Iowa.
Sowash, Joshua.-—-Toolesboro, Iowa.
Staffelbach, J. C --Rockingham, Iowa.
Stibolt, A. T.—Davenport, Iowa.
Strohbein, Henry.—Le Claire, Iowa.

229 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Suiter, John.—Le Claire, Iowa.

Sanders, Mrs. Alfred.----Davenport, Iowa.
Shaw, Wm.----Toolesboro, Iowa.

Sillick, A.----Toolesboro, Iowa.
Shannon, James..---Port Byron, Ills.
Smith, Franklin A.----Copper Creek, Ills.
Scheiblaye, John.----Port Byron, Ills.
Suiter, Wm.—Le Claire, Iowa.

Sumner, T. P.—Henry county, Ills.
Summers, Laurel.----Le Claire, Lowa.
Suiter, Philip.----Le Claire, Iowa.

Swain, Mathias.—Fairport, Lowa.

Sweet, Albert.—Hopkinton, Mass.
Thomas, John.—Hampton, II.
Thompson, Jas. H.—Port Byron, Ili.
Tiffany, A. 8.—Davenport, Iowa.
Tippets, Miss Frances M.---Victory, Wis.
Tusk, John.----Milan, II.

Upson, P. K.----Watertown, Ils.
Vanderveer, Geo.----Andalusia, Il.
Vogel, John.----Rapids City.

Vanderveer, Miss Josie.----Andalusia, I].
Warner, Fred.---Le Claire, Iowa.
Watkins, C. §.----Davenport, Iowa.
Welch, Mr.----Atkinson, Ill.

Weaver, S. W.----Moline, I].

Wheeler, H.----Davenport, Iowa.
Williams, J. W.----Le Claire, lowa.
Williams, Saml.---Princeton, Iowa.
Woodward, D.----Port Byron, Ill.
Wainwright, Sam’!.---Rapids City, Ills.
Weaverling, Mrs. Martha.---Andalusia, ITs.
Willits, Dr. Thomas.---New Boston, IIIs.
Wilkinson, J .---Le Claire, Iowa.

Young, Mrs.---Le Claire, Lowa.

List of Donations to the Library of the Academy.

1868.
Burbee, Dr. W. J.; Carroiton, Miss. Two copies of “The Cotton Ques-
tion.” ‘ Barbee’s First Principles of Geology.”’
Farquharson, Dr. R. J. Autograph letter of Gen. Jackson. Bulletin
_ des Sciences Natureles, vols. 1 to 25. ?
Harlan, Hon James; Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Re_
ports for 1863 and 1866.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 223

Parry, Dr.C.C. Proceedings of St. Louis Academy of Science, 1 vol.

Price, Hon. H. Report on Levees of the Mississippi. Smithsonian
Report, 1866. Patent Office Report, 1865. Agricultural Report,
1866.

Walsh, Benj. D.; Rock Island. Report on the Noxious Insects of
Tllinois.

1869.

Boston Society of Nutural History. Proceedings, Vol. XII.

Clinton, Hon. G. W.; Buffalo, N. Y. List of Plants growing in the
vicinity of Buffalo, New York. A large number of Entomologi-
cal and other pamphlets.

Fejervary, N.Owens Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Minnesota and
Iowa. -

Hall, James; Albany, N. Y. Twentieth Annual Report of the Regents
of New York State. University, on the condition of the State Cab-
inet.

James, B. F.; Washington, D.C. A package of Patent Office Reports.

Jones, P. B. A photograph of Prof. Eastman, of U.S. Naval Observ-
atory

Little, Prof. . State Geologist of Mississippi. Hilgard’s Geology
and Agriculture of Mississippi.

Parry, Dr. C.C. Report of Surveys Across the Continent.

Portland Society of Natural History; Portland, Maine. Proceedings
Vol I, part Il. Journal, Vol. I, part I.

Sheldon, Prof. D..S. Smithsonian Report for 1859.

Smithsonian Institution. Six Annual Reports. Seven volumes of Mis-
cellaneous Collections.

Thompson, James. Several volumes ot Coast Surveys

Worthen, Prof. A. H.; Springfield, Ili. Geological Report of Illinois,
Vol. III.

U.S Naval Observatory; Washington, D. C. Astronomical Observa-
tions, 1866.

1870.

Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, Vol. XIII.
U.S Navai Observatory; Washington, D.C. Report of Eclipse 1869.

1871.

Hurlan, Hon. James, Washington, D.C. Hayden’s Geological Survey
of Colorado and other public documents—8 vols.

White, Prof. C. A.; Iowa City. Geology of Iowa, 1872----2 vols.

Worthen, Prof. A. H.; Springfield, Ill. Geological Survey of Illinois,
Vol lve

U.S. Naval Observatory. Report of the Eclipse of the Sun, December,
1870.

294. DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

1872.

_ Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, Vol. XIV.
Mansel, Richard; Rock Island. Three pamplets on a New Theory of
the Universe.
U 8S. Navi Observatory; Washington. Pamphlets on the “Transit of
Venus” and “ Encke’s Comet.”

1873.

Harlan, Hon. James. Several volumes of Government Reports.

Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, Vol. XV.

Pratt, W. H. Notes on Benson’s Geometry.

Worthen, Prof. A. H.; Springfield, Il. Geological Survey of Illinois,
Vol. V.

U. 8. Naval Observatory; Washington. Five volumes of Astronomical
Observations.

1874.

Army Medical Museum; Washington. Photographs of Crania.

Bills, J.C. Hall’s Geology of Iowa, two volumes.

Boston Society of Naturai History. Proceedings, Vol. XVI.

Farquharson, Dr. R. J. Proceedings Philadelphia Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences, 8 vol.

Gronen, W. O. Report of Paris Universal Exposition, 1867.

Haines, Mrs. Mary P.; Richmond, Ind. Ohio Geological Survey, Vol.
1, Paleentology, AY

Interior Department. Thomas on Acridide of North America and
Leidy on Extinct Fauna of the Western Territories.

Parry, Dr.C. GC. Address on the early history and exploration of the
Mississippi Valley and Botanical Observations in Western Wy-
oming.

Peabody Museum of Archaeology; Cambridge, Mass. Annual Reports
for six years. ;

Pratt, W. H. Fosterand Whitney’s Report on the Lake Superior
Region.

Putnam, J. D. Two bound volumes of “ Nature.’’

Rohlfs, M. J. White’s Geology of Iowa, 2 vols.

Sands, M. An old work on “ Cottage Architecture.”

Smithsonian Institution. Six volumes of Annual Reports; six volumes
Miscellaneous Collections.

Thompson & Carmichael. Pacific and Dead Sea Expedition; Observa-
tions in Central America.

U.S. Naval Observatory; Washington. Meteorological Report for 1871

Worley, Dr. P. H, Pacific R. R. Survey, Vol. XII, parts 1, & 2.

By Purchase, the Geological Library of Prof. Barris.

~*

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

1875.

Berryhill, Col. J. H. Encyclopedia Americana, 13 vols.; Annual Re-
ports of the Smithsonian Institution, 3 vols.; Dick’s Works, 8 vols. ;
Josephus, 6 vols.; Fremont’s Exploration, 1 vol.; Owen’s Geologi-
cal Survey of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, 1 vol.; Patent
Office Reports, 4 vols.; Report of Eighth Census, 2 vols. In
all, 38 volumes.

Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, Vol. XVII.

Brewer and Tileston (through R. W. Putnam, Chicago Agent.) Worces-
ter’s Unabridged Dictionary.

Broadhead, Prof.; State Geologist of Missouri. Report of Geological
Survey of Missouri with two Atlases of the Iron Regions.

Dalzeill, James M. A fullset of Pacific Railroad Surveys, 18 vols.; U.
S. Naval Astronomical Expedition, Vols. I and IT.

Farquharson, Dr. R. J. Leidy’s Fauna and Flora within Living Ani-
mals; Harper’s Magazine for July, August and September, con-
taining article on Stone Age; Fontaine’s How the World was
Peopled; Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Naturai
Sciences, 1874-75; Annual Science Record, 9 vols.

Gronen, W.O. Coast Survey Report, 1868.

Hall, Capt. W. P. A French Legal work.

Hazen, Dr. EH. H. A blank book for the Records of the Academy with
the Constitution and By-Laws engrossed therein.

Hume, John. A number of Tribune extras.

Millar, Mrs. S.R. Agassiz’s Contributions to the Natural History of
the United States, Vols. 1--3.

Peck, Mrs. W. F. Worcester’s Unabridged Dictionary---old copy.

Pratt, W. H. Physical Manipulations; History of the Electric Tele-
graph; Harper’s Magazine for April, May and June; Blank book
for donations ; Lapham’s Wisconsin; Bruce’s Races of the Old
World.

Putnam, J. D. Ferguson’s Astronomy, A. D., 1794; Report of Expe-
dition to Northwestern Wyoming under Capt. W A. Jones, 1873;
Dana’s Manual of Geology; Chinese Testament.

Putnam, F. W. Archeological Researches in Kentucky and Indiana,
1874.

fiutheen, S P., Signal Service Observer, Davenport. Volume of Signal
Service reports for 1873, and three volumes of monthly reports.

Sintthsonian Institution. Annual Reports for 1862, 1873, 1874.

Report of Powell’s Expedition to the Colorado River.

Thompson, James. An old copy of Lavator’s Physiognomy.

Whittlesey, Chas. Proceedings of the Cleveland Academy of Natural
Sciences 1845-1859. Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Histor-
ical Society—Publications for 1874--5. Historical Tracts Nos. 5,
9,11. Ancient Earth-works of the Cuyhoga Valley.

Proc; Di AL N.S: Vox. I. [30] JUNE, 1876.

2Y6 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Worley, Dr. P. H. Transactions of the N. Y. Agricultural Society,
1867, Part 1.
By subscription und purchase.
Bancroft’s Indian Races of the Pacific Coast, 4 vols.
Flint Chips. Stevens.
Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain and Ireland.

CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY OF THE DAVENPORT
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. First
Series, 1812---1842. 8 vols.

do. do. Second Series. Quarto, vols. L-IV.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
First Series, 1841--1856. 8 vols.

do. do. Second Series, 1857--1870. 13 vols.

do. do Third Series, 1871--1875. 5 vols.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. 1868--1875.
Vols. XII to XVII. 6 vols.
Proceedings of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, No. 1.
January, 1876.
do. do. Constitution and By-Laws.

Proceedings of the Cleveland Academy of Natural Science, 1845-1859.

Cleveland, Ohio, 1874.

Transactions of the Scientific Association of Richmond, Indiana
No.1. June ist, 1875.

Proceedings of the Portland Society of Natural History, Vol. I,
Part II, 1869.

Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Vol. II, No. 2
Vol. II, No. 3

Transactions of the American Geographical Society of New York,
Vol. V, 1874.

Transactions of the [llinois Natural History Society, Vol. I, Series,
1, second edition, 1862.

The Peabody Institute of the city of Baltimore; The Founders’ Let-
ters, History, etc., to Jan. Ist, 1868.

Report addressed by the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries to
its British and American members, Copenhagen. 1856.

lowa Institute of Science and Arts at Dubuque, Lowa. Exercises
at the celebration of the Humboldt Centennial and opening of the
Institution, Sept. 14th, 1869.

Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society. Tracts,

Nos 9, 11, 21, 22, 28, 24, 25, 26.

Fe ee Oe ee ee

4

oh ws Ai 2

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a ee ee

en

Bees. FL eae

——

bo
-~I

CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY. yy

Long Island Historica] Society. Annual Reports, 1865—1868.

Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 1867,
Part 1.

Transactions of the Illinois Agricultural Society, Vol. 7, 1867--8.

Transactions of the American Institute, 1854.

New York State Cabinet of Natural History. Annuai Reports
1862—1873.

Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology. <An-
nual Reports, 1868---1875.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D C. Annual Reports,
1854---1874.

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vols. 1---12

Annual of Scientific Discovery, 1852, 1856---1859, 1861--1865. 10 vols:

Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles. Paris. 1824-1851. Vols. 1--27°
(Vol. 24 missing).

Nature. Vols. VII and VIII.

Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, Vol. II, No. 3.

American Scientific Monthly. Lowa City, Vol. I, 1870.

List of Foreign Correspondents of the Smithsonian Institution, 4th
edition, 1872.

Check List of Publication of the Smithsonian Institution. July, 1874.
The Natural History of New York.

Zoology. James H. DeKay. 5 vols.

Botany. John Torrey. 2 vols.

Mineralogy. Lewis C. Beck. 1 vol.

Geology (First District). Mather. 1 vol.

Geology (Second District). #. Ammons. 1 vol.

Geology (Third District). Vanauwrem. 1 vol.

Geology (Fourth District). James Hall. 1 vol.

Agriculture. #. Hmmons. 5 vols.

‘Paleontology. James Hall. 5 vols.

Archeological Researches in Kentucky and Indiana. H.W. Pui-
num, (STA.

Ancient Mining on the shores of Lake Superior. Whittlesea.

Ancient Earthworks of the Cuyhoga Valley, O. Whittlesea.

Ancient America. J. D. Baldwin.

Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain. Johw Hoans.

Artificial Shell Deposits in New Jersey. Chas. Ruw.

Antiquities of America. A. Davis, 1847.

Ancient Monuments in Western New York. 7. A. Cheney, 1859

Archeology, General views on. A. Marlot.

Archeological Convention. Minutes of the Ohio. Mansfield, Sept., 1875-

Archeology, North American. Sir Jno. Lubbock.

Flint Chips. #. L. Stevens.

QYS DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

How the World was Peopled. Rev. 2, Fontaine. New York, 1872.

High Antiquity, Study of. A. Warlot.

Indian Pottery. Chas. Rav.

Native Races of the Pacific States. 5 vols. Hubert H. Bancroft.

Palafittes or Lacustrian constructions of the lake of Neuchatel. 2.
Desor.

Physical Ethnology, Lectures on. Daniel Wilson.

Races of the Old World. Chas. L. Bruce.

Remains of Population in and near the Eocene Plateau of Northwest-
ern New Mexico. #. D. Cope, 1875.

Astronomy explained on Sir Isaac Newton’s Principles, 9th ed. Lon-
don, 1794. Jas. Ferguson, F. RS.

U.S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere.
1849.-1852, Vols. I, IJ and IY.

Celestial Motions. W. I. Loomis.

Reports of the Solar Eclipse of August 7th, 1869.

Reports of the Solar Eclipse of December 22d, 1870.

Results of Washington Observations, 1853-1860.

Washington Zones, 1846--1849. Transit.
is i “« 1846--1849. Mural circle.

Washington Catalogue of Stars, 1845--1871.

Report on the Difference of Longitude between Washington and St.
Louis. Wm. Harkness.

Reports on Observations of Encke’s Comet during its return in 1871.

Right Ascensions of Fundamental Stars. S¢mon Newcomb.

Memoir of the Founding and Progress of the U. 8. Naval Observatory.

Papers relating to the Transit of Venus in 1874. Part I.

Instructions for observing the Transit of Venus, December 8-9, 1874.

Department of Agriculture. Reports, 1862-1867.

Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture of Georgia for 1875.

Manual of Sheep husbandy in Georgia. ;

Report on Diseases of Cattle in the U. 8.—Department of Agriculture.
1871. ‘4

Designs for Farm Buildings. Jos. Gandy, London, 1805.

Botany.—American Medical. Jacob Bigelow, M.D. 3 vols. in 6 parts.
Boston, 1817--1821.

Hortus Botanicus Americanus. Parts [,and II. W./. Titford, H. D.
New York, 1810.

Class book of Botany. Wood.

Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States. .1sa Gray. 1858.

Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado. 7. C. Porter and J. M. Coulter.

Flora and Fauna within living animals. Leddy.

Filices Wrightian et Fendleriane. D.C. Haton. Cambridge, 1860.

2

bo

CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY. 2

Musci Boreali-Americani. Swllivant et Lesquereux. Columbus, O.,
1865.

Flora of Alaska. J. 7. Rothrock, M.D. 1867.

Plants of Buffalo and vicinity. Geo. W. Clinton, 1864.

Flowering Plants and Ferns observed in the vicinity of Cincinnati,
Joseph Clark, 1852.

Sorghum Saccharatum. Dr. C. A. Goessmani.

Botanical Observations in southern Utah, in 1874. Dr. 0. C. Parry.

Botanical Observations in western Wyoming. Dr C. C. Parry.

Flora of the Adirondacks Geo. L. Stevens, M. D.

Australian Forest Trees in California. R. #. C. Stearns.

A

North American Gaurinere. J. 7. Rothrock.

Biographical Sketch of Increase A. Lapham. C.S. Sherman, 1876.

Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Vols.
2--9. Phila.; 1827.

Memoir of Leopald von Buck. Flowrens.

Memoir of Louis Jacques Thenare. Flourens.

Memoir of Geoffrey Saint Hilaire. Quutrefages.

Memoir of C. F. P. Von Martins. Chas. Raw.

In Memoriam—Louis Agassiz California Academy of Sciences.

What we owe to Agassiz as a Teacher. G. B. Emerson.

Memoir of William Henry Harvey. 4A. G.

Biographical Sketch of Dr. William Darlington. 7. P. James.

Sermon on Agassiz. Thos. Hiil.

Lecture on the Life of Dr. Franklin. Rev. High McNeil.

Eulogy on Steven A. Douglass. S. 8S. Cor.

Incidents and Facts in my Life. Wm. Isaacs Loomis.

Dorpat and Poulkova. Cleveland Abbe.

Services of the late W. W. Seaton in the Smithsonian Institution.

Census of Iowa, 1867.
vg = Si5:
Compendium of the Seventh Census, 1850. DeBovr.
Preliminary Report of the Eighth Census, 1860. Aennedy.
Eighth Census of the U.S , 1860. Povulation.
e a ss sf Agriculture.
Statistics of Population, Ninth Census, 1870. Census tables I—VITI.

Iowa Education at the International Exhibition, 1876. Suggestions
respecting the preparation of material.

Iowa Scheol Laws and Decisions, 1868.

University of Michigan. Report for 1873.

School of Mines, Columbia College. 1873.

First Annual Report of the Chicago Public Library. June, 1873.

International Congress for the Repression of Crime. 1872.

230 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Geographical and Topographical description of Wisconsin. /. A.
Lupham. 1844.

Introduction to Geography. Wa. Perks, London. 1793.

Physical Geography. Mary Somerville. Philadelphia. 1854.

Physical Geography of the State of lowa. CU. A. White.

The Iowa Hand-book for 1856. N. H. Parker.

Exploration of the Red river of Louisiana in 1852. Lveut. R. B. Marcy.

Eyplorations and Surveys for a R. R. route, from the Mississippi
River to the Pacific Ocean. 18 vols.

Reconnaisance of Northwestern Wyoming, including Yellowstone
National Park. 1873. Capt. Wm. A. Jones.

Exploration of the Colorado River of the West. 1869--1872. J. W.
Powell.

Pacific and Dead Sea Expeditions of Wilkes, Lynch, ete. J. S. Jenkins ,

Notes on Central America. H. G@. Squier.

Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon, 2 vols.; maps,2 vols. Liewts,
Hernden and Gibbon.

Exploration and Survey ofthe Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah,
2vols. Capt. Howard Stansbury.

Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842,
and to Oregon and North California in 1843-4. Fremont.

Report of Surveys across the Continent in 1867-8, for the Kansas Pa-
cific Railroad. Gen. Wm. J. Palmer.

Report of ‘Explorations and Surveys for a Ship Canal, Isthmus of
Darien, 1874. 7. O. Selfridge.

Geology of North America. Jules Marcou. Zurich, 1858.

First Principles of Geology. Www. J. Barber. Louisville, Ky., 1868.

The North American Lakes considered as Chronometers of Post Gla-
cial time. Dr. Hdmund Andres.

Geology of Lowa, 2 vols, 1858. James Hall.
ce g: 2 vols, 1870. C. A. White.

First and Second Annual Reports of the State Geologist of Towa. Des
Moines, 1868.

First and Second Reports of a Geological reconnaissance of Arkansas,
1857-60. 2vols. D. D. Owen.

Report on the Geology of the Lake Superior Land District, 1850-01,
J. W. Foster and J.D. Whitney. 3 vols.

Report of the State Geologist on the Condition of the Survey of Cali-
fornia, 1869.

Geological Survey of Michigan, 1860. Winchell.

Contributions to the Geology of Kentucky, 1847. G. P. Yandell and
B. P. Shumard.

Kentucky Geological Survey. 4 vols. and Maps. 1856-68. Owen.

Letters on Geology. Oxford. 1848. David Christy.

= se errt—

CATALOGUE OF TILE LIBRARY. yl

Report of a Geological reconnoisance of an elevated ridge dividing
the Missouri from the St. Peter’s river, 1835. G. W. Featherston-
haugh.

Notes on New Brunswick Geology. Geo F. Mathew.

Geology of Canada, 1863. ;

Manual of Elementary Geology. Lye/l.

Geology of the Globe. Hitchcock.

U.S. Geological Survey of Colorado and New Mexico — 1869.

U.S. Geological Survey of Territories, 1867-8-9-71-72—"74. Hayden.

Geological Survey of Illinois, Vols. III-V.

e = “ Indiana. 1869-1874.
5 i ‘“. Missouri. 1855. Reports, I & IL. G. C. Swallow.
se + ~ Vol. 1. 1873-74. G.C Broadhead.

1873. Iron ores and coal fields.
R. Pumpelly.
‘<2 Ohioe” Viol. RW." as. Newberry’
i “f * Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Owen.
Agriculture and Geology of Mississippi. 4. W. Hilgard. 1860.

Historical Address on the Early Exploration and Settlement of the
Mississippi Valley. (.C. Parry. 1873.

Adjutant General’s Report, State of lowa. 1863. Vols. I and II.
a “ - Bs ri 1868.

Davenport’s Gazetteer. 1838.

The Genuine Works of Flavius Josephus. 6 vols.

Historical Sketch of the Academy of Sciences of Paris. Fleurens.

History of the Second Towa Cavalry.

Davenport Past and Present. © France B. Wiikie. 1868.

Fourth Meteorological Report. Prof. J. P. Espy.

Results of Meteorological Observations. 1854-1859. Vol. I, and part
1st of Vol. IT. f

Daily Bulletin of the Signal Service. U.S.A. September, October
and November, 1872.

Reports of the Chief Signal Officer. War Department, 1872 & °73.

U.S.A. Signal Service. Cautionary Signals. 1871.

General distribution of Terrestrial Magnetism in the U.S.
A. D. Bacheand J. EF. Hilgard. 1857.

Directions for Meteorological Observations, etc. Smithsonian Tnsii-
tution. 1860.

On the Climate of the. Country bordering upon the Great North
American Lakes. /. A. Lapham.

Annual Meteorological Synopsis. 1866 J.B. Trembley. Toledo, O.

Mineral Resources of the U.S. 1868. Brown.
a west of the Rocky Mountains. 1869-72. Raymond.

On the Salt deposit of Petit Anse island Report of the American
Bureau of Mines.

232 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Report of Progress of the Mineralogical, Geological and Physical Sur-
vey of the State of Georgia. (Geo. Little, 1875.
Report on the Brines of Onondaga. (©. A. Goessmann, 1862

Physical Manipulation, Elements of H.C. Pickering, 1873.

Force of Falling Bodies and Dynamics of matter. Jno. W. Nystrom,
1873.

On the Spectra and Composition ofthe Elements. Gustavus Hinrichs.
Iowa State Univerity, 1866. ;

Essay on the Velocity of Light. Delaunay.

The Metric System of Weights and Measures. . Prof. I. A. Neirton,
1868.

Machine Guns, the Gattling Battery, etc. R. J. Gattling.

Chemistry of the Earth. 7. Sterry Hunt, 1871.

Chemistry of the Mineral Springs of Onondaga, New York. C. A.
Goesmann.

Sketch of the Modern Theory of Chemical Types. Chas. M. Wetherill.

Contribution to the Chemistry of Brines. (C. A. Goessmann, 1867.

Miscellaneous Chemical Researches. (. &. Chandler, 1857.

Treatise on the Hot Springs of Arkansas. A. S. Garnett, 1874.

Half Hour Recreations in Popular Science. Nos. 1-7 and 9-11.

The Correlation and Conservation of Forces.

Popular Science. A. Bernstein.

-History, Theory and Practice of the Electric Telegraph. Geo. B.
Prescott. 1860.

Fugitive Essays. Chas. Whittlesea.

Six Titles in Natural Law. Richard Mansiil.

Universal Changes in Natural Elements, etc. Mans?ll.

Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions. Munsiil.

New method of computing distances of Heavenly Bodies; a disproof
of the Newtonian Theory. Win. Isaacs Loomis.

Paleontology of Ohio, Vol. I. _J. 8. Newberry, 1873.

Papers on Paleontology from the 10th, 12th, 13th and 14th reports of
the State Cabinet of Natural History of New York. Hall.

Contributions to the Extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Territo-
ries. Quarto report, Vol. Ll. Jas. Letdy.

Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories, Part I.
The Cretaceous Flora, Quarto Report. Vol. VI. Lesqueremr.

Fossil plants from the Tertiary of Mississippi. Lesquerewr.

Cephalopodes Siluriens de la Bohema. Joachim Barranude. Prague,
1868.

Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes, 1867.
teport of the Secretary of the Navy on Armored vessels, 1864.

,,* . ; =
CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY. 233

Report on Commerce and Navigation of the United States, 1862.
Report of the Commission of Inquiry to Santo Domingo, 1871.
Annual R. R. Reports of Pennsylvania, 1865.

Reports of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey.
1851, 1865, 1867, 1868 and 1870.

Patent Office Reports. 1847-8. Agricultural 1849-1867. Mechani-
cal 1849-1861.

United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Part I. Report on
the Condition of Sea Fisheries of the South Coast of New Eng-
land in 1872-1873. S. F. Baird. Part Il. Report of the Com-
missioner for 1872-1873. S. F. Baird.

Report on the Physics and Hydraulics of the Mississippi River; on the
Protection of the Alluvial region against overflow; and on the
Deepening of the Mouths. Cupt. A. A. Humphreys and Lieut.
H. L. Abbot. 1867.

Commercial Relations. Part 3d. Returns. Vol LV.

Congressional Globe. 87th Congress. 1862-65. Part I. Part IT,
and Appendix.

Congressional Record 43d C mgress, ist Session. 1873-74. Vol. II.
Parts Ist and 5th.

Message and Documents. 1856-57.

Zodlogy, Principles of. Agassiz and Gould.

Contributions to Natural History of the United States. 1. Agusséz.

English Cyclopedia of Natural History. 4 vols.

The Taxidermist’s Manual. Thos. Brown.

Birds of the North-West. Cowes. 1874.

Nests and Eggs of North American Birds. Smithsonian Institution.
1861.

Various Papers on Geology, Conchology, Entomology, Ichthyology,
Ornithology, etc., reprinted from the Proceedings of the Phila-
delphia Academy of Natural Sciences and other periodicals.

Directions for collecting, preserving and transporting Diatomacex
and other Microscopie Organisms. A. WM. Hdwayds.

The Geographical distribution of Animals. S/dney I. Sinith.

A Manual of the Mollusca. S. P. Woodward.

Lecture on Mollusca. P. P. Carpenter.

Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America. 3 parts. W. @.
Binney and Thos. Bland.

Catalogue of the Shell-bearing Mollusea of Rhode Island. A. F.
Carpenter .

Land and Fresh-water Shells found in the vicinity of Cincinnati.
R. M. Byrnes.

Description of the Embryonie forms of thirty-eight species of Unioni-
ae. Isaac Lee.

Proc D.A.N.S. Vot. I. [31] JUNE, 1876.

234 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Description of nineteen new Sp2cies of Colimacex. sauce Lea.

Index to Vols. I;XI of Observations on the Genus Unio. /saac Lec.

Observations on the Terrestrial Pulmonifera of Maine. Hdward S.
Morse. [Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History.
Vol. 1, Part 1st. 1869.] ,

Synonomy of the Family Cyclades. Temple Prime.

Catalogue of the Species of Corbiculade. Prime.

American Corbiculade, recent and fossil. 1865. Prime.

List of the Known Species of Pisidium. Prime. MSS.

Check Lists of the Shells of North America. Lea, Carpenter, Stémp-
son, Binney and Prime.

Check Lists of the Unionidee of North America. J/saae Lea.

List of American Writers on Recent Conchology. Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

Suggestions to Collectors of Land and Fresh-water Shells. James
Lewis.

Remarks on some of the Mollusca of the Valley of the Mohawk.
Lewis .

Sponge Spicules. A. A. Julien.

Synopsis ot the Acridide of North America. Cyrus Thomas.

First Report on Noxious Insects of New York. Asa Fitch. 1855.

First Report on Noxious Insects of Illinois. B. D. Walsh. 1865.

Third Report on Noxious Insects of Illinois. Wm. Le Baron. 1873.

Lectures on the Results of the Exhibition. London. 1852.
Paris Universal Exposition. 1867. Reports of the United States
Commissioner. 1868.
General Survey of United States Section.
Beton Coignet. L. Ff. Beckwith.
Asphalt and Bitumen. Arthur Beckiith.
Production of Iron and Steel. A. S. Heivitt.
Wool and Manufactures of Wool. Mudge and Hayes.
New York Tribune Extras. Nos. 9, 15, 19, 21, 28, and 26
Report of the Board of Trade of the City of Richmond, Ind. 1874-5.
Transportation Routes to the Seaboard. Vols. I, IT.
The Art of War in Europe in 1854-56. Maj. R. D. Delafield.
Code de la Legislation Francaise, par Napoleon Bacqua. Paris, 18438.
Central American Affairs, and Enlistment Question. 1856.
The Cotton Question. W../. Barbee.
The Code of Iowa. 1850--’51.
Davenpoit: Manufacturing Facilities and Business Wants. 1874.
Foot Prints of the Creator. Hugh Miller; with Memoir of the Author
by Louis Agassiz. ‘
My Schools and Schoolmasters. Hugh Miller.
The Works of Thomas Dick, L.L.D. 8 Vols. 1843.
Philosophy of a Future State.
The Christian Philosopher.

CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY. 235

Philosophy of Religion.

Improvement of Society.

Moral Improvement.

Essay on Covetousness.

Celestial Scenery.

Siderial Heavens.
Pharmacopeea of the United States. 1863.
Hebrew Bible.
Chinese Testament.
Encyclopedia Americana. 13 vols. 1836.
Worcester’s Quarto Dictionary. 1875.

236 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

CONSTITUTION OF THE DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF
NATURAL SCIENCES.

Approved January 28th, 1876, being the substance of the Articles of Incorporation
adopted January 9th, 1875.

ARTICLE I[.—NAME AND OBJECT.

Section 1. This society shall be known as “ The Davenport Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences,” and shall have for its objects the increase
and diffusion of a knowledge of the Natural Sciences, by the estab-
lishment of a museum, the reading and publication of original papers
and other suitable means.

ARTICLE I] —-MEMBERS.

Section 1. This society shall consist of resident, life, honorary and
corresponding members, who shall be elected in such manner as the
by-laws may prescribe.

Section 2. The right of voting and holding office shall be confined
to resident and life members, but honorary and corresponding mem-
bers shall be entitled to all other priv:leges.

ArticLE IJJ.—OFFicerRs AND TRUSTEES.

Section 1 The officers of the Academy shall consist of a President,
Vice-President, Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, Treas-
urer, Librarian and Curator.

Section 2. The officers above named with three other members, all
of whom must be residents of Scott County, Iowa, shall form a Board
of Trustees for the management of the business of the Academy and
to conduct its proceedings, and a majority of such members shall con-
stitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

Seetion 3. The officers and other members of the Board of Trustees
shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting on the first Wednes-
day of January in each year, and must receive a majority of the votes
cast; only one officer or trustee being elected at each balloting. In
case of a vacancy caused by the death or resignation of any officer or
trustee, an election shall be held to fill the same, at the next meeting
after the announcement thercof is made.

ARTICLE ITV.—ACQUISITION AND MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY

Section 1. The Academy may receive, hold, and manage all prop-
erty, acquired by gift or purchase, necessary or proper to promote its
objects.

Section 2. No contract for the purchase cf real estate shall be en-
tered into, nor shall any improvements thereon be made, nor shall

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CONSTITUTION. 937

such property of the society be sold, except in accordance with the
affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the society present at
a Special or regular business meeting held after due notice given, spe-
cifying the object thereof.

ARTICLE V.—By-Laws.

Section 1. The Board of Trustees, subject to the approval of the
society, shall have power to make all needful By-Laws, Rules and
Regulations, for the purpose of carrying out the objects of the society
and conducting its affairs, and not inconsistent with the Constitution
or Articles of Incorporation.

ARTICLE VI —JouRNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.

Section 1. A Journal of th2 Proceedings, By-Laws, Rules and Reg-
ulations, and an account of all receipts and disbursements shall be
kept by the Secretary and Treasurer for the inspection at all times ot
the members of the Society.

Section 2. At the annual meeting the Board of Trustees shall make
a written report of their proceedings, which report shall embrace a ful!
statement of the business affairs of the Society.

ARTICLE VIJ.—AMENDMENT'S.

Section 1. This Constitution, with the exception of Section 1, Arti-
cle II, embraces in substance the provisions of the Articles of Incor-
poration and can only be amended as provided therein.

Section 2. The provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, as pro-
vided therein, may be altered or amended at any time by the affirma™
tive vote of a majority of the members of the Society at aspecial meet-
ing to be called by the Board of Trustees for that purp se, notice of
such special meeting stating the object thereof, to be published in
some newspaper in the city of Davenport, or personally given to the
members thereof, and which amendments must be certified to, ac-
knowledged and recorded as provided by law.

Section 3. The provisions of the Constitution, not embraced in the
Articles of Incorporation, may be altered or amended at any regular
meeting of the Society by a vote of two-thirds of the members present,
but the proposed amendments must have been presented to the Board
of Trustees in writing at least one month before the day of mecting.
The Board shall present to the Academy any amendment thus offered
With a report on the question of its adoption and with such modifica-
tions as they may see fit to reeommend; but no additions or amend-
ments to the Constitution inconsistant with the Articles of Incorpora-
tion shall be made except as herein before provided for amendments
thereto.

238 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

BY-LAWS,

As Revised and Adopted September 25th, 1874, with
Amendments to date of Publication.

ArticLé I.—DuTIES OF OFFICERS.

Section 1. The President, or in his absence or inability to serve,
the Vice President, shall preside over the meetings of the Academy
and Board of Trustees; shall nominate all committees other than those
specially excepted; and call such special meetings as he may deem
necessary, or as he may be requested to call by the members. He
shall at the annual meetings, make a report on the condition and pro-
gress of the Academy in all its departments

Section 2. The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct and pre-
serve the correspondence of the Academy; keep correct copies of all
letters written on the business of the Academy; acknowledge the re-
ceipt of all donations from persons who are not regular members of
the Academy; notify all corresponding and honorary members of
their election, and keep a correct list of all such members with the
date of their election and resignation or death.

Section 3. The Recording Secretary shall take and preserve cor-
rect minutes of the proceedings of the Academy and Board of Trus-
tees in books to be kept for that purpose; shall have charge of all
records belonging to the Academy; shall notify Regular members of
their election and committees of their appointment; shall keep a cor-
rect list of the members of the Academy, with the date of their elec-
tion and resignation or death; and shall notify Regular members of
all meetings, and Officers of all matters which shall occur at any meet-
ing requiring their action.

Section 4. The Treasurer shall attend to all receipts and disburse-
ments of the Academy, giving such bonds as the Board of Trustees
may require, and shall make a general report to be laid before the
Academy at the Annual meeting, and at other times when called for
by the Board, including a list of the members entitled to vote; shall
pay all accounts against the Academy when the same shall have been
approved by a vote of the Board, and furnish proper vouchers for
such payments.

Section 5. The Librarian shall take charge of all books belonging
to, or deposited with the Academy; keep a catalogue of the Library,
in which the names of the donors shall be inscribed, with the dates of
reception; and he shall observe and enforce such regulations as the
Board shall from time to time make for the use of the books.

Section 6. The Curator shall have charge of the Museum and sci-
entific collections of the Academy, assisted by such committees as

BY—LAWS. 239

may be appointed by the Academy. He shall superintend the ex-
change of duplicates, keep a record of all donations made to the Mu-
seum, and report all additions at the annual meeting.

Section 7. The officers shall be elected by_ ballot at the annual
meeting, and must receive a majority of the votes cast, only one officer
being elected at each balloting.

Section 8. In case of vacancy caused by the death or resignation of
any oflicer, the fact shall be announced to the Academy by the Presi-
dent, and an election to fill the vacancy shall be had at the next meet-
ing after such ahnouncement shall have been made.

Section 9. The Board of Trustees shall control all expenditures of
money, make rules for the use of the Library and Museum, and spe-
cial rules tor the direction of the Librarian and Curator, and shall
have full power to act for the interests of the Society in any way not
inconsistent with the Constitution and By-Laws.

ARTICLE 1] —MEMBERS

Section 1. Regular members shall be elected in the manner herein-
after prescribed, and shall pay an initiation fee of five dollars ($5.00).

Section 2. Any Regula* member may at any time after his election
become a Life member by paying into the Treasury of the Academy
the sum of fifty dollars ($50.00), and notifying the Recording Secre-
tary that he desires to be enrolled as a Life member.

Section 3. The business of the Academy shall be exclusively man-
aged by, and its officers selected from the Regular and Life members.

Section 4. Any persons who may be interested in the study of Nat-
ural Science, or desirous of promoting the interests of the Academy
may be elected as Corresponding members, and shall have all the priv-
ileges of Regular members except those of voting and holding office.

Section 5 Corresponding members may become Regular members
by notifying the Recording Secretary that such is their desire, and pay-
ing the initiation fee.

Section 6. Honory members shall be selected from persons emi-
nent for their attainments in science on whom the Society may wish
to confer a compliment of respect, and shall have all the privileges of
Regular members except those of voting and holding office. They
shall net exceed forty (40) in number, twenty of whom shall be resi-
dents and citizens of the United States, and twenty of foreign coun-
tries.

Section 7. Candidates for Regular membership must be proposed
and vouched for in writing by two members, (who shall be required to
have some personal acquaintance with the person they propose,) at a
regular meeting of the Academy, and be balloted for at the next regu-
lar meeting.

Corresponding members shall be elected in the same way as Regu-
lar members, and the number of those classes is unlimited.

240 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOIENCES.

Honorary members shall only be elected at the annual meeting.

Ali members shall be elected by single ballot, and must receive the
affirmative votes of at least four-fifths of the members present.

Any rejected candidate shall not be eligible for membership within
one year after such rejection.

Any member in good standing may withdraw from the Academy by
giving written notice of his intention so to do, and paying all arrear-
ages due from him.

Any member who shall neglect to pay his dues within one year
after they become due, shall, upon being notified by the Treasurer and
not paying within one month thereafter, forfeit membership.

Members may be expelled from the Academy for cause, and after a
due hearing, by a vote of not less than two-thirds of the members
present at any regular meeting.

ARTICLE II].—ASSESSMENTS.

Section 1. Every Regular member elect shall pay to the Treasurer
an initiation fee of five dollars ($5.00).

Section 2. Every Regular member shall be subject to a semi-
annual assessment of one dollar ($1.00), payable to the Treasurer in
June and December.

Section 8. The Board of Trustees may exempt a member from as-
sessment when, from peculiar circumstances, they shall deem it for
the interests of the Academy to do so.

ARTICLE [V.—CoMMITTEES.

Section 1. Standing committees shall be appointed on the Muse-
um, on the Library and on Publications, at the annual meeting by the
President.

Section 2. All committees must report in writing, and every report
must be signed by a majority of the committee offering it.

Section 3 All committees must report at the regular meeting next
succeeding their appointment.

Section 4. The committee on Publication shall consist of five mem-
bers, and shall from time to time cause to be published and superin-
tend the publication of such papers read before the Society and such
portions of the records of the proceedings as may seem to them calceu-
lated to promote the interests of Science, so far as the funds appropri-
ated by the Board will permit.

Section 5. The Museum committee shall consist of one member for
each department of the Museum, who shall assist the Curator in tak-
ing charge of and arranging all donations and deposits in their several
departments, and shall carefully label each article.

Section 6 The Library committee shall consist of three members,
who shall have charge of all books belonging to, or deposited with
the Academy, and shall have power to make such exchanges of dupli-
cates as may appear desirable.

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}

BY—LAWS. 241

ARTICLE V.—MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.

Section 1. Members of all classes, and the public generally, shall
have access to the Museum at such times as the Board shall determine.

Section 2. No specimens shall be removed from the Museum with-
out leave of the Curator and committee of the department to which
they belong, who shall take a receipt for the same and be responsible
for their return in good order.

Section 3. The rules and regulations for the use of the Library,
shall be printed and exposed in the Library rooms

ARTICLE VI.—MEETINGS.

Section 1. The Annual meeting shall be held on the first Wednes.
day in January, at which time the election of officers for the ensuing
year shall take place, and the reports of the retiring officers shall be
heard.

Section 2. The regular meetings of the Academy shall be hela on
the last Friday of each month.

Section 3. Special meetings may be called by the President when-
ever he may deem it necessary; or at the request of any three mem-
bers in writing. Field meetings and excursions may be held at such
time and place as the Academy may direct.

Section 4. The Board shall meet one-half hour before each regular
meeting; and at other times at the call of the President, er any two
members of the Board.

Section 5. Six members shall constitute a quorum for the transact-
ion of business.

Section 6. The Order of Business at Regular meetings shall be as
follows:

ist. Reading the minutes of last meeting.

2d. Renorts of committees.

3d ~—- Report of Corresponding Secretary.

4th. Donations to the Museum and Library.

5th. Deferred business,—election of members, ete:

Sth. New business,—proposals for membership, ete.

7th. Written communications.

8th. Verbal communications.

9th. Adjournment.

ArtIcLE VII.—Specran PRrovistons

Sectivn 1. In sach points of order as are not noticed in these
By-Laws, the Academy shall be governed by the established usages of
similar institutions.

Section 2. In case of the dissolution of the Academy, a meeting of
the Regular members shall be called to decide on the disposition
which shall be made of its property.

Section 38. No compensation shall be paid to any person whatever,
and no expenses incurred unless authorized by the Board of Trust ees

Broce D. A. NS. VoL. I. [32] JUNE, 1876.

249 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Section 4. The By-Laws of the Academy may be altered or
amended at any regular meeting by a two-thirds vote: provided that
the proposition for such amendment shall have been presented at a
previous regular meeting.

ARTICLE VIII.—SEcTIONS.
Adopted May 12th, 1876.

Sectiouw 1. Sections of the Academy holding separate meetings,
may be formed on the written application of five members, by con-
sent of the Trustees.

Section 2. The requirements of membership shall be,

Ist. Membership in the general Academy.

2d. Written nomination by two members ata regular mceting of
the Section.

3d. Election by a three-fourths vote of the members present at the
subsequent mecting

Section 3. Notice of such proceedings as may be deemed of suffi-
cient interest shall be given by the Secretary at the next regular
meeting of the Academy.

Section 4. Sections shall have the exclusive right to make addi-
tional regulations for perfecting their organization, subject to the ap-
proval of the Trustees

ARTICLE [X.—LIBRARY REGULATIONS.
Adopted May 12th, 1876.

Section 1. None but members of the Academy shall be entitled to
the use of the Library; but the Librarian may, at his discretion, permit
persons not members to consult books at the rooms of the Association.

Section 2. Books on deposit shall not be taken from the Academy
rooms without consent of the owner, and periodical publications shall
remain on the tables for two weeks after their reception

Section 38. When a book is drawn, the Librarian, or in case of

Trustees, the drawer shall record in a book kept for the purpose, the
title of the volume, name of drawer and date of drawing, and on its
return, the date of return.

Section 4 Books shall not be kept out longer than one calendar
month ata time, and may be called in sooner by the Librarian.

Section 5 No person shall retain more than five volumes at any
one time, and books returned shall not be redrawn by the same per-
son before three days after their return.

Section 6. Holders of books keeping them out longer than one
month at a time, or three days after notification to return by the Li-
brarian, shall be liable to a fine of five cents per diem for each volume
so retained.

Section 7. Ifa book shall be lost, destroyed or injured further than
by reasonable wear, the drawer shall be liable for damages to the vol-
une or set, as assessed by the Board of Trustees.

BY-LAWS. 943

Section 8. The Library shall be open for drawing each Saturday
from two to three o’clock p.m.,and at other times when the Librarian
or a deputy may be present.

ARTICLE X.—ENDOWMENT FUND.
Adopted June 5th, 1876

Section 1. There shall be established a fund to be known and de-
signated the Endowment Fund, and all money paid into the Treasury
for Life Memberships and all money received from any other source,
and set apart for that special purpose, shall be reserved for investment
in real estate for a home for the Academy.

Section 2, In no way shall the money so set apart be diverted to
any other purpose.

Section 3. The money so paid into the Treasury from time to time
shall be invested by the Finance Committee under the direction of the
Board of Trustees.

LIST OF REGULAR MEMBERS,
With date of Election.

*A Hens Cola Wimat, HOUND HSU ste ene October,
Allen, Mirsst Wirticce See SP ee July,
Babcocl: “Bec agit [er oat. Yan Se ae . May,
Baker (Del Rodloen Jie ea Se ee January,
Baker. Mars. didi... p1s\sk ern sete tetera October,
Balehj (Pai sangre. 2, SO eS RAE B.. May,
Ballorad Ei (Sings, de.<4)5)<s.om waegeeieito aioe Gere ee February,
Ballowus i GeorEie sett RL Oe Sa Ed
Ballow Mins. SGh TEU Weed. atte attorney ons July,

*BarlersA:. Us. siasdi st ater Reventec ererocer staat December,
Barrette, Miss; lay dia QO socw i...) neues totes athe seclters July,
Barrier Rev. W. sb: sec onty serinrent oroem< ate December,
Bersy hill Cols dis Eline sracseyuereepioctoeacle eect ers October,
Bills Ses 28 yaeieitis. cvinis ve wiles age state ae April,
BTS; Mrs: Mies G esl persia oral Stace sare oak December,
Bowman, Jikto: aAciowsteocteeele. Gabein arei October,
BEE WStery AW iC ve teiaereserstes i: bene/vaeietes loners heree tee April,
Brewster: Mirst Wi \C@i2 sicict ccs stareita sc aytoione September,
Browiis Tasers fare tects seen ciel coer cesta einen ae June,
Brown; Manillya ys. cc ees seeieeleteisetersticrere: November,
BryantwSethibac fay. ee acon oee saree October,
Bryanty MirsxiSivP (3. rhvowefoec state ee cet sists September,
Burpy Cs iPiseeigem Lea ee a May,
Carnzichaell Jb iie: Getic: ever oe otk eaten March,
@arstens? Gustaverntt Birt oes be eee © hoe May,
Chapins (HHH se. sites eae ake moma February,
Chapin Mirs: EIR Peake. on cae elo rete February,
Cochran ss Dre Beae A tates: ch aoe one ee March,
Cochirant MrsiMit Bes aE See. cheaters ase ote June,
Cooke AWimete eo essa: NPN EN eeoderar eee eee June,
COOksIMins: BIAten t. MEL eR ene amare ete ia meee January,
Crane aL TAe eA te eeaed eh onion earn oe eeeee February,
CrawifordsJoswAs tee. 2a. eee May,
(Greil, Whissd | o oa agolboqouposoecd0oo Gb oo Bed July,
Crosby AWeeWeereieg sce lcierr- ro: tee erclelsieletsteie i January,
Curry MUS? TEP nee, oct olalere eteraeyonn ls ora ofr imin tates May,
Dalzell Henna cise eis eis eicie e reinee re recior July,
Daviess MS aes aoe eoieilctclcl shat an oreie ereneetes February,

a Dect ediOh Iau. oooce boda onoodnOnd cad 0000.0 00 January,

*Deceased.

1873
1875
1876
1869
1875
1875
1875
1875
1875
1867
1875
1867
1874
1875
1875
1874
1873
1875
1875
1875
1868
1875
1873
1876
1876
1876
1876
1869
1875
1876
1876
1876
1874
1875
1871
1876
1875
1874
1868

—.¢

LIST OF MEMBERS.

*Deceased.

Mebsaa ee WE ee PUGS, Ta sy Steszra dpe nnteis oreneionn ct ateveye ciate August, 1875
[Cie EA I Eno orice) cc February, 1868
SAIN G Nea eM varstacrstsitieretatemeske oc cleve ects: « delays March, 1873
STEEN OGLY AGIOS, © </5, o d.0- 0 hale aRaMmede 'o'e ones (l6! o3h0hm, of January, 1868
[Deri GGpl Opal ee Oe > eee December, 1867
TRIVCHPNG Kee ORES Cree Bini Milos! lou aadcllbiso Golam. doc April, 1868
Lhe bree A ie 1 Apo io ricke decor December, 1868
LEN ain DSBS Soe ogame nets oc.) oreo eee January, 1876
ISIE sedis, Eytan ys oie skein eener ete. isyel J Wfsie el erga May, 1875
[RGEC HORINN oa 25 SolOnRee tic 6. “oceanic November, 1875
UE Chess G VVEMR tress « sfelemintn. sis sicic pasar Marlin al 80/6
inienclh, IDRNGY. 5, LS ipeeeigeio’ cp eeepcceeerts December, 1868
cone live GeO le bbentets.< ils sctc one cries Seiels seria UU OUISL, SL 868
nemebee Mins Gogells Paar. 02 asics slelsiavels-c sie oa ciel ae July, 1875
Bie en Os. Wile a setts 20 Pekaro 2 1.)s\o alee, Alas dota won vid ace July, 1875
JET a Ne) BR OR an. Cl ameentise ia ieereeeneentrS cre December, 1875
CHT Sas RE AS ee are eee rE Ier o May, 1875
Griiconte el Seen PSC patos cncncaeaeortocroe February, 1868
Gaitond:s Mars. TranM bere, sit lee to tec actsi to tsee eta thee July, 1875
(Gilling Ne ey ection tr Semen oc January, 1875
Gormley ISN OTe roiecicss c. cracre enone September, 1875
CORATN NUT Sor IAG aeaeterarjalecchale sa aia rtetels s,s ae wane September, 1875
(GiiPrireaey eel Uke Crees cine CPI Ee teenie ce CHEE Ae SION July, 1875
Lalani (Gknyoy en eel eet tra. Sunn ee Ree Ciera eRe ee coc May, 1875
UICC Key Bee WV dave! Scitslaie « sielein saves v\s-cre'e’s + 55's cage ge MU ew Ge
ATERESOMe Clase Mikeee ne cc cvs os cal sibs saan sede we October, 1875
IE IaeTae Deal Oe & GS ince io OC eae eee cease -October, 1868
SETS TSe By slgepes | Gscjee terse sa eve she-sje ate ae ....sune, 1875
ESTE UID Cae i Gr. cers topes ois, op er aiero inten a neatogs aun dsb os ees November, 1874
lames sr VTS uC Vana seetar. reisressts ate icaeiereriels ier September, 1875
ENCONIMES a cea cleo swab Wai al ee ol sis ose hsieroveie is February, 1868
FRO Dstt Ss Healy cerey are ya ye jcye<is ios sausyevclels ace) areiiey<ratagee January, 1876
BHinwrard. Mis, ©Olc. 52-1. .<sces- cs en, oases September, 1875
BUTTS, CONF ess SAE ene tO Cone oUomoeree January, 1868
JEAUSTAG.” WDE IEA OS Bien es aencE a els ceerein meinen = June, 1875
EAN OPEV Voge Nie gc «asics meytpacietysrs era ave = ct deh May, 1874
le TT ag OS OS a oe ee ee eee June, 1875
Emi tons Mins: WEN Bi: i... atin serdetie ss dese as August, 1875
ENTIAL Vise mell ate) bape asec ci 2afactie oa ai sinlas ettens Ae November, 1875
IAT SAID) tee eect fais oc ons 0) a faceus, SietisseUsban seco MERGES January, 1868
SU a als 255 2 eal A vik o Mchuec Rake eco See February, 1876
PU eMaV Cae EN Win) spats a) apehe sic iacensraled, 9.5 sss atoh seals February, 1876
STK SESE TU ROU 22 arco by eres aie Gakster era, a ecegand setae October, 1874
LANG, WERE A eS eon eon ee eo ees Sait June, 1875
Me onandea MISS) ACSSIC aso ies, ols caocie Gis) eo a aoe September, 1875
Te MC Veni eee MO Stes Arteta coc oy cus eae hon erey cieoteiewe ee hoslcw ousReylcaosiouce’e July, 1875

246 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Inessive(Glias 20545 so i foes eee January, 1875
[atnley, CIStenGe ig isi.) Sry nae een May, 1875
Eych, Hy Pisco slash arcane ctae «ete eee December, 1868
Mandeville: Mrs'@ols ieee s) sec stots cect June, 1876
Martin? Capt, iegtvasccitct ime ec este September, 1876
Martin, (irs Ei Mier Sir. ie tcc meres October, 1875
Marsh MMe old NGC oy sss tcies ae. 4 Mee: seamen May, 1876
MSS On OS eg cnrercetcier. ot fe here eine aera February, 1875
McGoneral, Mire Mit. Saoee ovate seeing November, 1875
odd ton "ir W. Ole eince aoe. see eee February, 1874
Middleton, Miss’ Mary. (2 ceo ine eee October, 1875
Mier: PROMS Tater ae sere sine oe eae April, 1875
NI areeNETse Se bo nce eee ioc tere, ware ener ee June, 1875
Myers, Or! tee Di. 5%: arate a Sees oe ba February, 1868
INCE] ted) oe cece tee eteinie ray Pecan cetchorey ers mney eee October, 1874
NEW COUTDS, VITS: Oe ns) tresses tren ae tone ....-October, 1875
EAL KEI eo OMALINAl ss specacrey ercdtets melee citer February, 1875
Peeecere (GO Qa EL. cma e taisre cis cathe teres taetareeaicere ae February, 1876
VEN a pea Dike Ctl Ole wie eek ahha hae erent BE ohn: December, 1867
IPACr ys, Mise Ga woe leche est stele ete June, 1875
Phelps: Jo .s. Heel Ariat «iSeries ooMmiols SRO ee March, 1875
PHEUDS TMITS dete scc on sel ke eee Meee oe ee December, 1875
amie Cnas Gis secc ae cee trate eeiaiens February, 1868
Potter: “Waldo iM 2525 0 foac. See atone Se ee ARCH aeons
HSOULeT ES Wie, IND ZT”, eextcaard Geyer vie Cone eee eae oes July, 1875
PAG Werle oc tcc. osistqotPaee coe eeu carne December, 1867
IDieailiiy why Liss: DMOWAS ete Shce Sey ae Secon ae -saedune, Leia
Pratt. MISS HrAnKle sce sense etotne ties rel eee January, 1876
PrattecOnestenlar sccc-s cece, lone ore cee January, 1876
IPLeStOM MORO: Whoa, Serer hore cc en eee October, 1873
IPL Ol Dears ONeRn ee Sarre se Sep.ccd llliizs p Iesa!)
JEWine Nea Dash Chal Dee eas. eat aiclasomidios-oo Cc June, 1869 -
AT MEIC, 2 oi areracen atc or nee meee June, 1869
TER Ta TN leelShim LOAN i Rebates rainioh iadioioiorts November, 1875
TEAM NET 0 Oa Ogee ee game mer pantech Mahaney heats iy November, 1875
Putnam Way On. ac onerer cc TERETE ESE ees eee May, 1876
IPMN NURS oe DeewGoneseuas SOF heats Soe October, 1875
Ria. Mirss MUary cc e. s.2 ss TEAS See Ree -.October, 1875
JRO VAY Seem ola ee NA ee oe eee December, 1867
RCAWACR AT Sie An fs Sten Sree t aes eas eyes February, 1868
Ren wicker. oak be oh te Re nee March, 1868
Rem wickepoMins= WWitiersctyicetcucrrercactn iale rt cesar July, 1875
IRR OEY Li Ror ian yee amano eo oe & September, 1875
Renwacks MIsSsRGDe CGH. 62-1: oltre hete September, 1875
Ricliardsonk WS Niece cutee cla oie cere dere February, 1876
ra *Deceased. _— ral ; —___

+Life member.

LIST OF MEMBERS. 240

beehartsen, WES. DIN i. Kees caw leas February, 1876
PEROMIERUS se TEA MV ycie s. Wayeue Se PERE os ara a 5 WAS Seay April, 1873
UO METISs UnNetcais ote Mec os occ snes October, 1873
Forers, Mise Earrictas tes soes sae eee July, 1875
RRO TES, Mis Te aR trite late fo. o's 'si's Soha ios March, 1876
OSes Roc erie keeper en ee tes Sass exe ha Se as September, 1875
ROSS: Wt Ryser cee rae eens soso are March, 1869
IROWes Onna see eteee, nes eee ee a cclct oe November, 1875
RU Pe WE en Typ pets etait <r <cEPS- alts! slafocere Se a = August, 1875
Russell Hidtwanderees. costae solace lec. 2: October, 1868
feassenl: Mirsniiieee sss esses Soda c etl LL le February, 1876
DA Che OttOr eect. ths. ieee ts Sati ot lg, BPO 2h Feb. 1868
Saucers, SMITS SMaVAGMR US 8. 2 o20 8a s\aadtne tees October, 1875
NS SUDO KS Ty eae oda ce ct aoe November,’ 1874
Seldon) Prote DMS eee eth: wos scene December, 1867
BlelLdon ww Mrsm Se: Biatrsrdl: Ges cael eRe June, 1875
SHEE an MTSyWWisb ee faces cts ters 5 a8. 20s so, ee February, 1876
SickelsUiMrg wRobie sos sleek ee a ae October, 1875
ee Larne FUE keaob tts (28 BP Cs rele an de February, 1876
SKI POV s Uh neeee. ce kee ee Rn Le ae
Skinner Mrss Wed. 22% ae. Os RA hee .. November, 1875
Spin kG Combes sale. satoeios meee bck cies oSeke June, 1875
Spies MELOHTY scree is oe ils ss Seg Sh) « ...-December, 1874
SiON Aas ee eae war rereleased et .-. February, 1876
SEMDOty WETS JOU aeareas rm! oa te Seems yet February, 1876
SipolterAlberte meres sete ok we ers aaa. Wee September, 1873
RMMp CHANG. WE. (Er saee erie 5c 5.550.850 5 November, 1875
Brrmayesont., Mrs Miser sass ete eee November, 1875
SUG O WA IMTSS IEW) ciecs ache og oo ato clslorersiens ascetic October, 1875
“LEEDS IG!) 2 eat car Acre are February, 1873
Miompsone Mawes: =r s stesc Baws Poss scale «bee March, 1868
MHOMpPSONwW AMES el sere epee nee eee cere November, 1875
iirompson; “PHosiR lhl) a steak set 2 November, 1875
Speirs AL Se. ee set Cie remem. tas. c20 48 December, 1867
SUC OF OR et Sie oe On ee, Meets. -December, 1867
iene ye DAE eT Aes ee 58 ote January, 1876
Wadsworth ivirsPiWiy Giccicit = hae beets ote June, 1875
ID Se Coots ec Ia ae rate | ek Ai Os nek eye February, 1868
Vie HIS MR REAS es hl Pere, ester) ee November, 1875
RmtreneReOin SRT. co Semele a Angee ates February, 1876
Worley! D res Et Ase ites et oe eee March, 1876
AVVIEVC Cerwin te ee ene ev Ce February, 1868
Seem ee Liem eS gi -

248 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
List of Corresponding Members.
Aullen, NbISS Tuiazivie aise amces terse Davenport, Lowa. 1869
Acvers, GWAR. whee ste oni ys we Champaign, II.
Ayers, Miss aMiaay O... 20. 62s wet Champaign, Hl.
BarhbeewOraeWiedie. socad. ose Carrolton, Miss.
BarlerssenotaOmlaneiie yates. 2 Upper Alton, Ill.
Baylies, Rey. Henny, 2... 4.0... -
Bolan ders delve N a6 isioc teers cree San Francisco, Cal. 1869
Burnell ewilekie onc o- seme . Milwaukee, Wis.
IB GETS, AVIAG N oid sae sth eee sy Denver, Col. 1869
Ghinton HionaGe WW) sic. fea dese: Buffalo, N. Y. 1869
Grajmelly Whee tts torus cr,- Mire ee New Boston, Ill.
Ta OST Acces eis, aRY ss: ee ce elena ene Senatobia, Miss.
Me eyes AUREL JE tae ise et echas Fulton, Il.
FEO Als, Di scy Mts ics = yess, sists setae Champaign, Ill.
RGIS MSW aly... ciclscs cisierege See seiete ve Bolton, Mass.
TREAT NA Pas com « conpasasD Sabor Hamilton, I.
Griffith, Lieut. J. H........U.8. Lake Survey, Detroit, Mich.
Efaines, (Murs: sMiaryoPs vin er Richmond, I]. 1875
aN eS Bic say: ctsi.c alsin iaioie cc Meereehcks Wilmington, Il.
MGA Yate, LA fo. ek aa ararel oo La Porte, Ind
lghimml@lhe) leno (Er So ooedod ot cl ool Towa City, Iowa.
A Rie CV Neg Ores. aps 2 3 Wis facmne Soe 2 Minneapolis, Minn.
*Kennicott, Dr. Robert........ ... Chicago, Il.
slvano lean ¢ IDI MPA ysis, 010) adele oe Mijwaukee, Wis.
Migivs, MOG H ap cso Ne <et -te a Burlington, Iowa.
MinenGliyerlgne Ii. os8 scene Missouri.
INNISSEms GIUMC Ore access See clue tock Island, I].
New buiyaplenote denser its ale ac Columbia College, New York.
Parixen, JetOlpelew : cis x-0csas soos Grinnell, Lowa.
amlcens Newel ere yetey-c csc photcasaslians St. Louis, Mo.
FRE ACIS Vagisil rte ols eset tel oe St. Louis, Mo
plexaxahanwine (ers ING dl gon con0 ce cock -Rock Island, Ill.
ROC De sceey sence aera ae eo rare car Bloomington, fl.
SHAWL trame pales cosas oles rtas Me asc ae eee Toledo, Iowa.
{tering Iinnalk< Ios asecamncauec . Dubuque. Lowa.
AM ORRC Via, DOM: x05. Oe aicis 2) siwcti ere New York, N: Y. 1869
Visi S10 SCI MD Mea io,<cenes ove chee, car sucuerege Rock Island, I].
AY TAliuroes Dies, O'NBISS ING Aoise gic aoene
Mi VAulcxop ee IDR, Gl, IEse eons pea some Three Oaks, Mich
Wirsliizentas a) me eAtreep esc ciatussarae ce St Louis, Mo. 1869
Wrortlien, cAsciie cee srs sists te cine Springfield, Il.

*Deceased.

THOMAS ON ORTHOPTERA. 949

[The following paper was received too iate for insertion in its proper place.|

A LIST OF ORTHOPTERA,

Collected by J. Duncan Putnam, of Davenport, Iowa,
during the Summers of 1872-3-4 & 5, chiefly in
Colorado, Utah and Wyoming Territories.

BY DR. CYRUS THOMAS.

This collection, which has evidently been made with much care,
is one of the most valuable ever made in the West. As will be seen
by reference to the following notes, not only has it added much to our
knowledge of the range of several species, but has also brought to
light some new species. I have added the species from Lowa found in
the collection as this will hereafter aid in preparing catalogues for
that State, when a State Entomologist is appointed, which we hope
may be the case ere long.

MANTIDA.

I find but two specimens of this family in the collection.
1. Stagmomantis dimidiata, Burm.
A single female well preserved, showing clearly the character-
istics which distinguish this species from the closely allied S.
Carolina, Linn, with which it is often confounded. Canon City,
Colorado.
re

2. Stagmomantis
Too badly mutilated to be determined; probably new. It has
somewhat the appearance of S. minor Scudd, but is evidently
distinct. Spring Lake, Utah.

BLATTIDA.

1. Ischnoptera pennsylvanica, DeGeer.
Syn. Blatta pennsylvanica, DeG. 1773, Mem. Tom. III, No. 2,
pl. 44.
Ischnoptera mortio, Burm. Hanb. IT, 500.
st Couloniana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag., de Zool. 1862.
p. 169.
Platamodes pennsylwaniea, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.,
VII, 417. (1862.)
Taken in Iowa, May.
These specimens are rather larger and darker than those taken in
Southern I[linois.
Proc. D. A. N.S. Vor. ‘I. (33) JUNE, 1876.

250 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

2. Ischnoptera unicolor, Scudd.

Syn Platamodes unicolor. Scudd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII
(1862). 417.
Ectobia Uithophila. Scudd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. VII. 418.
Tschnoptera Uhleriana. Sauss. Rev. et, Mag. de Zoolo
1862. 169.
Taken in Iowa, July.

8. Ischnoptera bivittata, Sp. nov.

Small and slender, lateral margins nearly parallel. Antenne long-
er than the body, but not twice its length; basal joints yellow, the
basal portion bright brown above and externally, and pale beneath,
fading toward the apex; slightly and minutely hairy toward the tip.
Face yellow, the apace in front between the eyes (fastigium) a shin-
ing dark brown; occiput dull-yellow; eyes ashen-blue. Ocelli absent,
or if present very minute, as | failed to find them with a moderately
strong glass. Pronotum transverse, width to the length about as 5 to
4; width of the front margin to that of the hind margin as 3 to 5, form-
er truncate, latter slightly rounded; a broad, shallow, oblique depres-
sion on each side; testaceous, except two rather broad, shining black
stripes, one each side of the middle, leaving a median testaceous stripe
of about equal width between them, and extending from near the front
to, or nearly to, the hind margin. The elytra pale-testaceous or trans-
parent honey-yellow, uniform in color, rather narrow, sides nearly
parallel; extend just to the tip of the abdomen; apex somewhat sharp-
ly rounded; nerves of the middle field comparatively few, and less
branched than in J. wnicolor. Sub-anal plate distinctly notched at the
apex. Legs pale, whitish; abdomen pale testaceous-brown or yel-
lowish brown. Cerci fusiform, large. Length 13 mill.

San Francisco, California. Two specimens—males.

4. Periplaneta orientalis, Linn.

Syn. Blatta orientalis. Linn. 1845, Fauna, Suec. N. 862.
culinaris. DeG. Ins. III, 344.
Periplaneta orientalis. Burm. Handb. II, 504.
Kakkerlac orientalis. Serv. Hist. Orth. 72.
Stylopyga orientalis. Fisch. de W. Orth. Ross, 70.
t Iowa. One female.
The collection contains other specimens of this family, but as they
are immature I have not attempted to determine them, though most I
am inclined to think, belong to /schnoptera pennsylwantca.

ACRIDIDZ.

The greater portion of the collection consists of specimens of this
family, among which J find a few new species.

1. Opomala P
A specimen from Mt. Nebo, Utah. August; A larva.

This is probably the larva of 0. neo-mevicana Thos; I found similar

DR. THOMAS ON ORTHOPTERA. Q51

larve on Bear River bottoms in Cache Valley, Utah, but as is the case
with this specimen, they were too immature to determine.

This species, according to Stal’s arrangement, will fall into his
genus Mermiria. In my communication to the Philadelphia Acad.
Nat. Sci. in 1870, containing the original description of this species,
by a slip of the pen or typographical error, the generic name was
given as Opomola, but was afterwards corrected in my Synopsis, yet
Mr. Scudder in a late Bulletin issued by Dr. Hayden, insists on calling
attention to this error, although my Synopsis was before him.

2. Oxycoryphus occipitalis, Thos.

Syn. Stenobethrus occipitalis. Thos. Syn. Acrid. N. Am. 81.
Two specimens from Wind River, Wyoming; others from Boulder,
Colorado.
Dr. Brunner Wattenwyl, to whom I forwarded specimens of this
species, informs me by letter that it belongs to Orycoryphus.

3. Stenobothrus coloradus, Thos.

One specimen from Wind River, Wyoming. July.

This species will have to be separated from this genus as it varies
considerably from the typical form. It approaches Syrbuia, but differs
from the character of that genus as given by Stalin having the pos-
terior lobe of the pronotum smooth and not rugulose.

4. Stenobothrus curtipennis, Harr.

Syn. Locusta curtipennis. Harr. Cat. Ins. Mass. 56.
Chloealtis curtipennis. Harr. Rep., 3d ed. 184.
Stenobothrus longipennis. Scudd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.
1862, Vol. VII. 457.

The collection contains a number of specimens of the short winged
variety, chiefly from Middle Park, Colorado; a few specimens were
also obtained at Spring Lake, Utah, and other points in the same
Territory.

5. Stenobothrus carpenterii, Thos.

Syn. Gomphocerus carpenterti. Thos. Bul. No.2. U.S. Geol.
Surv. Terr. 1874. 65.

There are several specimens of this species in the collection taken
in Colorado, a portion of which are marked “ Alpine” and a portion
“ Sub-Alpine.

An examination of these specimens shows that the gibbosity of the
pronotum is absent in the females and often scarcely apparent in the
males. As it has all the characters of Stenobothrus except the abrupt
expansion of the raul of the antenne I have transferred it to that genus.

the sea; ‘‘ Sub-Alpine,” from below that point but above the level oft the *‘ parks”
which are about 8,000 feet in elevation. J. D. P.]

252 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SOIENCES.

6. Psoloessa? coloradensis. Sp. nov.

Female.—V ertex rather narrow between the eyes, with less than the
shortest diameter of the eyes; fastigium but slightly declivant,; mar-
gins slightly, though distinctly, elevated and meeting in front in a right
angle; a very slender median carina usually visible; lateral foveola
rather large, distinct, quadrate, slightly elongate, placed quite oblique-
ly on the sides of the fastigium and approximating in front; frontal
costa slightly sulcate. Pronotum short, about the same length as the
head, slightly constricted in the middle; lateral carine strongly ap-
proximating each other a litt e in advance of the middle, from which
they diverge considerably in front and more posteriorly ; the posterior
extremity obtuse-angled and slightly rounded at the tip; the trans-
verse sulcus which is situated about the middle, is very minute but
distinct and cuts all three of the thread-like carine. Elytra about
equal in length to the abdomen; narrow, and chief longitudinal nerves
quite prominent. Prosternum not armed with a spine, (which Mr.
Scudder omits to state when giving the generic characters.) General
color pate, fuscous-brown, with an ashen hue on the front portions
and posterior legs; face more or less brownish, the margins of the
frontal costa usually sprinkled with black dots. The middle portion
of the dorsum of the pronotum occupied by a somewhat broad, pale
stripe, in some specimens indistinct, in others quite distinct and oc-
cupying all of the inter-carinal space of the anterior lobe; lateral car-
ine pale yellow, upper portion purplish, margined above next the
carina by a slender black line, a pale irregular, somewhat gibbous or
raised stripe running from the middle of the front margin to the pos-
terior end of the lateral carina. middle space purplish with an oblique
yellow stripe margined with black in the posterior part, lower mar-
gin pale. Elytra brown with several black subquadrate spots along
the middle field; a few dark-brown dots are usually scattered along
the marginal area and sometimes on the sutural area. Wings pellu-
cid. The disk of the posterior femora more or less flecked with dark
brown; three brown spots on the upper edge, the middle one largest.

Male—Much smaller than the female; vertex narrower, frontal
costa not always sulcate; and sometimes not acuminate above; mark-
ings on the side of the pronotum somewhat variable, sometimes pale
with an irregular brown stripe in the middle; spots on the elytra
fewer in number and small. The sub-anal plate conical. Antenne
rather broad toward the apex, and flattened. Dimensions: ¢. Length,
0.80 inch; elytra, 0.55 in.; posterior femora, 0.38 in. ¢. Length to tip of
elytra, 0.59 in.; elytra, 0.87 in. Eight ¢ and five ¢ taken at Denver,
Colorado in June.

I am not certain that this species belongs in this genus.

7. Tragocephala pacifica, Thos.
Syn. TVvragocephala pacificau. Thos. Syn. Acrid. N. Am. 161
One specimen, 4, taken at Empire, Col. July.
Mr. Scudder (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. XVII, 1874-5), con-
tends that this species is clearly distinct from 7’. énfuscata. Harr.
The specimen before me corresponds in every particular with the
characters of the male of 7. pacéfica which he gives as distinguishing
it from 7’. énfuseata. A comparison with specimens of the latter from
this section satisfies me that he is correct in his conclusions. I have
before me some specimens collected by Prof. Riley in Missouri, among

THOMAS ON ORTHOPTERA. 953

which I find one with an anomalous pronotum. The posterior lobe is
strongly gibbous, the entire surface being elevated rather above the
usual height of the crest and rounded.

8. Tragocephala viridifasciata, . Harr.

One female each, of the green and fuscous varieties taken in Iowa,
May 10th.

9. Camnula? pellucida, Scudd.
Syn. M@dipoda pellucida. Scudd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. VII, 472.
atrox. Scudd. Haydens. Geol. Surv. Neb., 253.
Camnula tricarinata. Stal. Recens. Orth., 120.

There are several specimens, males and females, in the collection
taken at Empire, Middle Park, Boulder and other sub-alpine points in
Colorado, varying in elevation from seven to ten thousand feet above
the level of the sea. The specimens from the Rocky Mountain regions
do not differ perceptibly from cither pellucida or atrox, which I am
satisfied are notspecifically distinct The description of C. trécarinata
as given by Stal does not exactly agree with the characters of Mr.
S cudder’s species, yet I am inclined to think it is not distinct. My
doubts apply more to the generic than the specific characters.

I think it is now pretty well settled that atrox is not the destructive
migratory species of California.

10. Tomonotus tenebrosus, Scudd.
Syn. Mdipoda tenebrosu. Scudd. Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Neb.,
251.
Tomonotus pseudo-neietanus. Thos. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. 1870, 80.
tenebrosus. Thos. Syn. Acrid. N. Am. 107.
Arphia sanguinaria? Stal. Recen. Orth. 119.
tenebrosa. Scudd. Bul. U. 8. Geol. Surv. 1876.
simpler? Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XVII, 1874-5.
conspersa.? Scudd. Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XVII, 1874-5.
luteola? Scudd. Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
XVII, 1874-5.

Several specimens, chiefly females, taken in August at Spring
Lake, Utah.

This species varies considerably in coloration, the males in some
instances being almost black, while others are quite dark with a pale
marginal stripe on the disk of the pronotum, sometimes the disk is
vale throughout; the females vary in general color from brown to pale
ashen-brown sprinkled over with black dots, the disk of the pronotum
being marked with longitudinal fuscous dashes.

254 DAVENPORT ACADEMY :ON NATURAL SCIENCES.

The sanguinaria of Stal may be distinct, but I am strongly inclined
to the opinion that. it is identical with tenebrosus.

I can see no proper use for the new genus Arphia established by
this author and therefore retain Saussure’s genus J’omonotus as I have
characterized in my Synopsis. The chief distinguishing features are
the form of the frontal crest, and: the tricarinate (or visculcate) frontal
costa above the ocellus.

I have not seen the types of Scudder’s A. simplex, conspersa, luteola
and frigida, but believe the first three are but varieties of this variable
species. A. frigida is probably distinct. This author, in my opinion
relies too much on color and markings in determining species of
Acridii. While it is true the markings and color are very uniform in
some species, as (7. carolina, yet in others there is considerable varia-
tion; for example (4. undulata, a well marked species, the wings are
sometimes almost entirely pellucid, in others there is a tolerably dis-
tinct fuscous band; and even in the genus now under consideration,
his two species 7’. zanthopterus and 7. carinatus are certainly varieties
of 7. sulphureus, and Dr. Brunner Wattenwy] is disposed to consider tene-
brosus also a variety.

11. Arphia neglecta, Thos.
Syn. Mdipoda neglecta Thos. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
1870. 276.
Arphia neglecta. Scudd. Bul. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. 1876.
One male taken at Empire, Colorado. July.
Mr. Scudder places this species provisionally in Arphza from which
as he admits, it must ultimately be removed. It is evidently closely
allied to Tomonotus on one side and Hippiseus on the other.

12. Circotettix undulata, Thos.
Syn. Mdipoda undulata. Thos. Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871. 46.

Several specimens, males and females from Colorado, taken in July.
Mr. Scudder has established the genus to which this is now referred
chiefly on the variation from other species in the form and nervation
of the wings which are peculiar. It approaches very nearly @. ochra-
cetpennts of South America and may be identical with it.

13. Circotettix carlingiana, Thos.

Syn. Mdipoda carlingiana. Thos. Proc. Acad. Nat. Science.
Phila. 1870. 81.

A few specimens from Spring Lake, Utah, taken in July.

As Mr. Scudder has omitted the carvings of the head from his di-
agnosis of this genus, I add a description of them here as shown in
the two species now before me.

First. @. undulata; occiput somewhat prominent and convex,
vertex rather broad between the eyes, width about equal to the length
of the eye, excavated, forming a large central foveola with somewhat

DR: THOMAS ON ORTHOPTERA. 955

prominent margins, which have a distinct angular expansion just in
front of the anterior corner of the eye, from this point they approxi-
mate and unite with the margins of the frontal costa, at the fastigium
they send obliquely inward and backward a short branch from each
side, which unites with the more or less prominent median carina; at
the tip of the fastigium ” just in front of these lateral branches, there is
a sudden depression or foveola Frontal costa distinctly sulcate
throughout, expanding at the ocellus and contracting immediately
below it. Lateral foveola of the vertex triangular, somewhat exca-
vated. @. carlingiana differs only in having the vertex broader, and less
excavated; and the frontal costa above the ocellus solid, not sulcate.

The pronotum in each of these species, has the median carina dis-
tinct, but not cristate on the front lobes (rather more so in the latter,
carlingiana,—than the former), scarcely apparent on the posterior lobe,
twice severed by the cross incision, the anterior extending to the late-
ral lobes. The disk of the posterior lobe is slightly elevated and near-
ly flat; posterior margin rectangular. As a matter of course the pro-
sternum is unspined. The wings of carlingiana are rather broader
than undulata, the posterior extension (when spread) reaching nearly
or quite to the tip of the abdomen in the male; sub-papilioniform, with
undulate or rather semi-crenate margins; the transverse viens ar-
ranged as in undulata, but more distant from each other and slightly *
more irregular; the alternate longitudinal veins more than usually
prominent and thick, retaining their size to the very margin; in ca7-
lingtana, these are usually black.

14. Trimerotropis fontana, Sp. nov.

Ash-brown, with dark fuscous bands.

Female.—Vertex about as wide between the eyes as the shortest
diameter of the latter; somewhat elongate, margins distinctly carinate,
sub-parallel between the eyes, converging in front, and suddenly bent
back at the fastigium se as to form an obtuse V, pointing back into
the central foveola; central foveola oblong or sub-illiptical with a
distinct median carina; lateral foveola triangular, distinct, lower mar-
gin usually arcuate; a pit or depression in the fastigium just before
and partially between the recurved branches of the marginal carina.
Frontal costa rather broad, of nearly uniform width, slightly expand-
ing at the ocelius; suleate throughout. Pronatum slightly corrugated
on the front lobes; median carina distinct on the anterior lobe, near-
ly obsolete on the posterior lobe, twice severed by cross incisions; the
posterior in front of the middle and extending to the sides, slightly
depressed at the point where crossed by the posterior sulcus; lateral
carine obsolete on the anterior lobes, sub-distinct on the posterior.

Elytra passing the abdomen, about as long as the body. Posterior
femora about the same length as the abdomen.

_ Coior. Ash-brown, head and pronotum darkest and without dis-
tinct markings Elytra trifasciate with dark fuscous; the band next
the base darkest and extending from the costal margin half way across ;
second, which is about the middle, extending nearly or quite across;
third band, indistinct and situated about one-third the length from the
tip; apical portion transparent, marked with a few pale fuscous spots.
Wings pale transparent yellow at the base; crossed beyond the middle
by a rather narrow, slightly crescent-shaped fuscous band ; apex trans-
parent, with dark nerves. Posterior femora black, (possibly dark blue
when living), at the base internally, with a black band toward the apex;
apex black internally and fuscous externally. The antenne appear to
be marked in some specimens with indistinct pale annulations.

256 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Male. The central foveola of the vertex more excavated not so dis-
tinctly closed in front; the V form carine of the fastigium wanting or
indistinct, and the pit or depression apparently in the front part of the
central foveola, which is extended farther forward than in the female;
frontal costa narrower, more distinctly sulcate, and slightly expanding
below. Disk of the pronotum more distinctly granulose. The fus-
cous band of the wing less distinct than the female. Middle tibize
with three black rings, most apparent internally, one near the base,
one below the middle and a small one at the tip.

Dimensions:—¢. Length to the tip of the abdomen 1.10 in; elytra
1.10 in; posterior femora 0.55 in. ¢. Length to tip of abdomen 0.90 in.;
elytra 0.90 in.

Two females and one male taken at Spring Lake, Utah. July.

This species approaches very neer 7’. citrina, Scudd., and may possi-
bly be identical with it, or his 7’. v¢newlata, the description of the latter
I do not have at hand, and unfortunately for me the author describes
his 7. ettrina in part by reference to that species.

15. Mestobregma kiowa, Thos.
Syn. (Mdipoda kiowa. Thos. Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871, 461.

Psinidia kiowa. Thos. Surv. West. 100th Merid. Vol——?
885.
One female from Mt. Nebo, Utah.

When I first described this species and (1. plattei, by some means
the type specimens were changed, and in looking afterwards at them
in the Agricultural Department I found that an @. kiowa was marked
as the type of (7. platted, I have therefore in one or two places, for ex-
ample in my paper in the Report Surv West 100th Merzd., suggested
that the latter specific name should be suppressed, but the.specimens
found in the present collection, together with Mr. Scudder’s paper in
the Bulletin of the U. S. Geol. Surv. satisfies me that these two species
do exist and are distinct, also that my Synopsis is correct, the mistake
having been made in marking the specimens.

The specimens now before me cannot be referred to G7. platted as
the wings are pellucid without the faintest sign of a fuscous band.

In order to assist as much as possible in determining satisfactorily
the species of this somewhat difficult group, I add some features from
the specimen before me.

The central foveola of the vertex has, sometimes, a minute tubercle
near the center; lateral foveola sub-triangular, very shallow and nearly
perpendicular; frontal costa deeply sulecate throughout and reaching
to the clypeus; lateral facial carinee somewhat abruptly and strongly
curved outward; there is a somewhat distinct transverse ridge across
the vertex from the upper canthus of one eye to that of the other. Pro-
notum short, scarcely longer than the head; constricted near the mid-
dle, but not to that extent implied in my description in the Synopsis;
median carina slightly prominent, twice distinctly severed, the portion
on the anterior lobe somewhat arched; the posterior sulcus about the
middle

The upper field of the elytra membranous, pale, sprinkled with

THOMAS ON ORTHOPTERA. 257

pale fuscous dots; lower half crossed at the base by an irregular broad
brown band, behind this a broad whitish space, behind this a distinct
brown or dusky band, not so broad as the whitish space, this band is
just about the middle of the elytra; behind it is another whitish space
which is narrow; apical portion membranous, sprinkled with brown
or fuscous spots, fading toward the apex. Antenne pale at the base,
dusky toward the apex. The elytra are longer in proportion to the
body than given in my Synopsis.
Length of body: 0.85; of Elytra, 0.90.

16 Spharangemon collare, Scudd.

Syn. Mdipoda collaris. Scudd. Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Neb. 250.
Spharangemon collare.. Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
XVII, 1874-5.

Two specimens, ¢ and 9, taken in Wyoming. September.

Mr. Scudder has established the new genus, here given, for the
limited group to which this species belongs, yet this would appear to
be scarcely necessary as it approaches so near to @dipoda, as now re-
stricted, (supposing G7. carolina, to be the type) that no important gen-
eric characters separate the two. I may remark here, without attempt-
ing to discuss the question, that if'we take (7. carolina as the type (but in
my opinion G7. coerulescens, Linn. is the proper type of Gdipoda) and
establish genera on the slender differences presented in the species of
Spharangemon, it will not be possible to retain @. trifasciata, Say in
@dipoda as Stil has done, unless we abandon the more striking char-
acters which go to make up the general appearance, and follow one or
two arbitrarily chosen characteristics.

17. Spharangemon aequale, Say
Syn. Gryllus aequalis, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV,

307.
Locusta aequalis. Harr. Rep. 583.
dipoda aequalis. Ericl’s Arch. of Nat. LX, 230.
Trimerotropis aequalis Scudd. Geol. N. Hamp. 31, 337,
Spharangemon aequale Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc.. Nat.
Hist. XVII, 1874-5.
Specimens taken at Spring Lake, Utah. July.
Var. With disk of pronotum pale ash-color.

18. Cratypedes Putnami, Sp. nov.

Female.—Head globese, its corners well rounded, crown or occiput
convex but not elevated. Vertex broad between the eyes, the width
rather more than the length of the small roundish eycs; transverse ;
central foveola shallow with a short median carina through the ante-
rior half, at the posteriorend of which there is a minute transverse
carina not reaching the margins, but forming a ‘fF with the longitudi-
nal one; minute tubercles are also sometimes visible on the sides of
this median carina; marginal carine rather minute, nearly parallel

Proc. D. A.N.S. Vou. Te i (34) JULY. 1876.

258 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

between the eyes, converging in front so as to form an obtuse angle, if
continued until they would meet, but confused at the tip with the mar-
gins of the frontal costa and outer margins of the lateral foveole ; later-
al foveolx irregularly ovate, distinct. Frontal costa of medium width,
sulcate throughout, reaching nearly or quite to the clypeus, with a
short, minute median carina above the ocellus, making this part ap-
pear tricarinate; expanding at the ovellus, contracted immediatel y be-
low it Pronotum somewhat constricted immediately behind the front
margin, expanding posteriorly ; posterior sulcus in advance of the mid-
dle, notching the median carina and extending to the lateral lobes;
anterior sulcus in some specimens dividing the median Carina, in oth-
ers merely forming a depression; median carina distinct throughout,
slightly elevated, but scarcely sub-cristate; lateral carine sub-distinct;
dorsum rugos2, tubereles on the posterior lobe elongated; posterior
margin rectangular. Elytraof moderate width, passing the abdomen
slightly; wings of moderate width and distinctly shorter than the ely-
tra. Posterior femora not reaching the tip of the abdomen As Mr.
Scudder has failed to mention it in his diagnosis of the genus, I may
add that the prusternum is unarmed.

Color.—(The specimens when received were pinned and dried, but
appear to have been immersed in alcohol.) Fuscous-brown with pale
spots and stripes. Mouth parts and sides of the head dusty yellow, or
ochre, with minute dusky points, face brownish, or as the sides; usu-
ally there is a dark stripe extending from the hind margin of the eye
to the front margin of the pronotum. Pronotum varying from pale
ash-brown to brown, with a more or less distinct yellowish stripe along
the lateral margin of the disk of the posterior lobe; a dark stripe, va-
riable in size, along the middle of the lateral lobes, most distinct near
the front margin. Eiytra brown with an irregular, pale yellowish,
band about one-third the length from the base: another a little beyond
the middle; apex membranous, marked with fuscous spots; narrow
pale yellowish stripe along the angle (ulnar veins); anal field brown;
in some specimens these pale bands, or spots are scarcely distinct and
quite irregular. Wings pale yellow at the base, (may possibly have
been red when living); a broad, dark-fuscous band occupies the third
fourth, crossing back from the front margin somewhat obliquely out-
ward to the hind margin, around which it curves in rather increased
width at first, but decreasing as it proceeds, reaching nearly to the
anal angle; it sends up nearly to the base a broad sub-costal dark
ray ; apex transparent,veins dark and a few fuscous spots near the tip.
Posterior femora crossed externally by three oblique brown bands;
colors of the tibie have evidently faded to such an extent as to make
it impossible to guess what they originally were.

Dimensions —Length to the tip of the abdomen 1.20 in.; elytra 1.05
in.; posterior femora. 0.62 in.; width of elytra at the widest point
0.25 in.

Four females from Empire, Celorado, and one from Middle Park,
taken in September. I have placed this species in this genus with
some hesitancy, yet it certainly agrees very closely with it.

19. G&dipoda utahensis, Thos.
lipoda utahensis. Thos. Rep. Surv. West 100th Merid. 1876.
Four specimens, two 4 and two 9, taken at Spring Lake, Utah.
This belongs to @lipoda as now restricted and is a very distinct
species. I add some measurements:

THOMAS ON ORTHOFTERA. 259
a

Dimensions. ¢ Length to-the tip of the abdomen 1.80 in ; elytra

1.25 in.; posterior femora 0.78 in.; from the fastigium to the tip of

the pronotumo 0.50 in. ¢ Length to tip of the abdomen 1 00 in.; elytra
1.05 in.

20. Tropidolophus formosus, Say.

Syn. Gryllus formosus, Say. Am. Ent., Lec. ed., I, 78.
Tropidolophus formosus. Thos. Synop. 188.
One ¢ from Valmont, Colorado

21. Stauronotus? Elliotti, Thos.

Stauronotus Elliottz, Thos. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1870. 82.
A re-examination of this species convinces me that it does not be-

long to Stauronotus; it is probable a new genus will have to be estab-
lisbed for its reception.

22. Brachystola magna, Girard.

Syn. Brachypeplus magna, Girard. Marcy’s Expl. Red River,
La 260.
Brachystola magna. Scudd. Bull. Geol. Surv. 267. 1876.
Two females from Canon City, Colorado.

23. Pezotettix obesa, Thos.

Pezotettiz obesa. Thos. Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871. 454.
Shoshone (Indian) name as ascertained by Mr. Putnam,
“ At-tung.”
Two ¢ from Wind River, Wyoming, taken in July.
This species belongs to Pezotett‘r, as that genus is now limited by
Mr. Stal. I add the following characters frem the specimens before
me in order to compiete the description given in my Synopsis.

Frontal costa sometimes sulcate throughout; vertex rather broad
between the eyes and strongly declivant. Pronotum as broad in front
as the head, and gradually expanding posteriorly; the median carina
minute and cut by the posterior sulcus much behind the middle: the
posterior lobe equal about one-third the length of the pronotum and
finely granulated ; the posterior margin slightly emarginate or sinuate,
not produced. I have a specimen trom Idaho in which the median
carina is not distinctly severed by the posterior sulcus, but is de-
pressed at the middle sulcus. In this specimen the poste1ior margin
of the pronotum, and of each abdcminal segment, is regularly marked
with minute black dots.

24. Pezotettix Dodgei, Thos.
Syn. Caloptenus Dodgei. Thos. Can. Ent. 1871. 168.
Pezotettiz Dodgei. Thos. Synop. 153.
A few males marked “ Alpine” frcm Colorado, taken in Septem-
ber, and one ¢ marked “Sub-alpine” frem the same Territory taken
in August. :

¥

260 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

As Mr. Scudder complains that my description is not Satisfactory,
and as I have been in doubt in reference to the female,—an undoubt-
ed specimen of which is now before me,—I add the following char-
acters:

Male. Eyes rather Jarge, ovate. Vertex narrow between the eyes,
scarcely equal half the shortest diameter of the latter; a minute me-
dian carina sometimes present; the salcus or central foveola closed in
front. Frontal costa rather broad, flat, expanding slightly at the ocel-
lus and not sulcate; obsolete below. Pronotum sub-tricarinate; me-
dian carina distinct only on the posterior lobe; lateral carinze obtuse,
and rounded; posterior sulcus behind the middle. all three crossing
the dorsum and confined to the posterior half of the anterior lobe;
posterior margin forming a very obtuse angle, slightly rounded at the
apex. Elytra (in the specimens before me) only about one-third the
length of the abdomen. Cerci s'ender and tapering, not enlarged to-
ward the tip. Posterior femora scarcely as long as the abdomen.
Pulvilli, or pads between the claws, very large, obovate.

Color. Brown varied with cinereous. The margins of the disk,
and lower portion of the lateral lobes of the pronotum cinereous; a
black stripe extends from the eyes along the upper portion of the sides
of the pronotum, to the posterior sulcus. In the specimens before me,
the white bands of the posterior femora are not so distinct as in those
from which the original description was taken; the color may be more
properly described as cinereous with two intermediate brown bands,
a small brown spot at the base and the apex of the same color.

Female. Similar, except that it is much larger, rather darker, and
the elytra have a few small, quadrate, dark spots along the middle
field; the median carina of the pronotum more apparent on the ante-
rior portion of the front lobe. Dimensions as given in my Synopsis
except the tibiw, which in the present specimen measure 0.37 of an
inch.

The head and pronotum of this species are decidedly Caloptenotd
in appearance—taking C. fumur-rubum as the American type.

25. Pezotettix unicolor? Thos.
Pezotettix unicolor Thos. Synop. 151.
One ¢ from Colorado, marked “‘Sub-Alpine,” taken in Au-
gust. I give this specimen as wnicolor with:some doubt as it varies
slightly from the type, which wns obtained in Jackson Co., Illinois.

26. Pezotettix picta, Thos.
Pezotettix picta, Thos. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870. 78.
Several specimens of this pretty species were obtained in
Colorado. This approaches, in generic characters, very nearly to
Dactilotum, Charp. yet is distinct.

27. Caloptenus spretus, Thos.
Several specimens of this destructive species are in the col-
lection; most of which were taken near Stinking River, Wyoming.

28. Caloptenus femur-rubrum, DeG.
A few specimens taken in Iowa. These belong to the typ-
ical form, but they and all others obtained within the last two or three

"

THOMAS ON ORTHOPTERA. 261

years appear to me to be slenderer and more like Riley’s Atlands than
in former years That this species has been undergoing some modifi-
cation in the Mississippi valley within the last three or four years I
think, must be admitted. Although Riley’s Atlands is certainly but a
variety of femur-rubrum, yet it can be separated from the latter ata
glance, and when the specimens are fresh without opening the wings
or examining the posterior abdominal segment; the characters are
certainly more marked than those which separate some of Mr. Scud-
der’s Stenobothri, Arphie and Caloptent.

29. Caloptenus bivittatus, Say.
(For the numerous Synonomys sce my Synopsis.)

The collection contains some fine specimens from Spring Lake, Utah»
taken in July. One of the females measures 1.75 in. to the tip of the
abdomen; a male measures 1.25 in. to the tip of the abdomen, 1.50 to
the tip of the elytra. The outside and inside of the posterior femora
are marked with avery distinct dark stripe, running the entire length ;
upper half of the posterior tibie black or dark fuliginous. Mr. Scud-
der, in his Report on the Orthoptera of the Northern Boundary Sur-
vey, says that C. femdratus Burm, may be distinguished from C’ bévét-
tatus, Say. by the color of the hind tibie. I can not help thinking it
somewhat strange that he puts somuch reliance in this character, es-
pecially in that particular group of Acridii to which this species be-
longs. In C. bivittatus the color of the posterior tibix is exceedingly
variable, passing through all the shades of blue, scarlet, purple, red,
olive, yellow and fuscous. In the mountains of Northwestern Penn-
sylvania they are often of a dark olive color; in Nebraska just south
of the mouth of Platte River they are found of a bright yellow; ata
certain point in Colorado south of Denver they are of a purplish or
blue color, and if immersed in alcohol, will, as they fade, change from
blue to purple, then to deep red, then to a clear pale red, and finally
to dull yellew; if dried they pass, in part, through the same changes,
but do not become yellow.

30. Caloptenus occidentalis? Thos.

Caloptenus occidentalis, Thos. Geol. Sury. Terr. 1871. 453.

There are a few specimens, males and females, taken at Spring
Lake, Utah, in July, which I am inclined to refer to this species, al-
though differing somewhat from the type. I neglected to state in my
Synopsis, that the lateral carinze of the pronotum are obliterated on
the anterior lobes and sub-distinct on the posterior lobe; the posterior
sulcus is behind the middle; the sulcus of the vertex often has a dis-
tinct though minute median carina in the female; the eyes are rather
large, prominent and approximate at the apex This species evident-
ly approximates Hesperotettixv viridis in the characters of the head and
pronotum.

262 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

31. Hesperotettix viridis, Thos.
Syn. Culoptenus viridis. Thos Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871. 450.
Ommatolamp?s viridis. Thos. Synop. 156.
Hesperotettiv viridis, Scudd. Bull. Geol. Surv. 262. 1876.
One ¢ from Mt. Nebo, Utah, taken in August; and one from Spring
Lake.

32. Acridium emarginatum, Uhler.

Acridium emarginatum. Uhler in Scudd. Notes Geol. Surv
Neb. 250.

There are two specimens, one ¢ and one g, in the collection, the
former marked “ Iowa,” the latter “Spring Lake, Utah.’ The former
I am satisfied belongs to this species, the latter, although approach-
ing A. shoxshone has the dorsal stripe and is not specifically distinet
from the former. If Mr. Putnam has not made a mistake in reference
to locality, this species has a much wider range ihan I had supposed.
It is fond of localities where vegetation is luxuriant, and although
found as far east as Normal, [llinois, I was not aware that its range
extended further west than eastern Colo:ado.

LOCUSTIDA.

There are comparatively few specimens of this family in the col-
lection, yet there are some which are seldom seen and therefore of
much interest.

1. Cyrtophyllus concavus, Harr.
Syn. Platyphyllum concavum, Harr. Rep. 3d ed. 158.
perspiciliatum, Serv.
Cyrtophyllus concavus. Scudd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. VII,
444.
One female from Lowa, taken in August. This species belongs to
Cyrtophyllus, Burm, as now limited by Stil.

2. Scudderia curvicauda, DeGeer.
Syn. Locusta curvicuuda, DeGeer, Mem. III. 446.
Phaneroptera curvicauda, Burm. Handb. Ent. Il. 961.
angustifolia, Harr. Rep. 3d ed. 160.
Scudderia curvicauda, Stal. Ofver. Vet. Akad. Forsk. 1873.
No.4. 41.
Two females from [owa, taken in July.

8. Decticus pallidipalpus? Thos
Decticus pallidipalpus, Thos. Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871. 442.
Two females from Mt. Nebo, Utah, taken in August.
According to the most recent arrangement of the Dectieddes, 1s given

THOMAS ON ORTHOPTERA. 263

by Mr. Otto Hermann, (Verhand. d k-k. Zool.-Bot. Ges 1874), this
species belongs to this genus as now limited.

In these specimens, the last joint of the maxillary palpi is very
slightly bent; the posterior femora are sm»oth and unspined; the ovi-
positor is not exactly straight, being very slightly curved upward at
the tip. It is possible therefore that they belong to a different species,
but to determine this it will be necessary to have specimens in color.

4. Steiroxys? Hermannii? Thos.
Steirorys Hermainii, Thos. Surv. West 100th Merid. Vol—?
904. (1876)

One female from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, taken in
August.

I locate this specimen with much doubt as to both genus and spe-
cies. I will not attempt a generic description at present, but reserve
it for a future communication.

5. Anabrus simplex, Hald.

A few specimens of males and females from Spring Lake, Utah,
August. Mr. Putnam states that the Indian (Shoshone) name of this
species is ‘ Mesch.”? [Abundant in Middle Park, Colorado, and along
Wind River, in Wyoming.]

6. Anabrus purparas2ens, Uhler.
Syn. Thomnotrizon purpurascens, Thos.
A male and female from Nebraska.

Mr. Scudder in his report on the Orthoptera of the Northern Boun-
dary Survey, in speaking of this species, remarks: “ Mr. Thomas,
while retaining the generic name Anabrus, refers this species to
Thamnotrizon ; but wrongly, for it is congeneric with A simplex, Hald.
the type of the genus.” What necessity there Was for this remark in
1875 I cannot possibly see, when I had already in the Report of the
Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871 made the correction, and for the reasons given;
a Report which Mr. Scudder must have had before him. He should
at least, ‘after having mentioned the first, in simple justice to me, have
mentioned the fact that I had restored the species to its original po-
sition.

There is one specimen in the collection which makes a somewhat
close approach to A. colorudus, Thos. in color and markings.

7. Cyphoderris monstrosus, Uhl.
Cyphoderris monstrosus, Uhler. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1864. 552.
Two male$ from Wind River, Wyoming Territory.
These are the first specimens of this singular species I have seen,
but Mr. Uhler’s generic and specific descriptions are so complete and
full that I feel no doubt in reference to the identification.

264 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

8. Stenopelmatus fasciatus, Thos.

Two specimens, a male and a female from Wind River, Wyo-
ming Territory.
From Mr. Putnam’s note, I learn that the Indian (Shoshone) name
of this species is ‘“‘ Nen-i-gui-po.”

9. Ceuthophilus pallidus? Thos.

One male from Empire, Colorado, taken in September.
Apparently immature and with doubt to this species.

10. Ceuthophilus utahensis, Nov. Sp.

Male. Vertex raunded without any tubercie. Antenne more than
twice the length of the body; third joint of the antenne twice as long
as the second. Ultimate joint of the maxillary palpi nearly twice the
length of the fourth, slightly enlarged toward the apex and somewhat
bent or arcuate. Anterior femora with one or two spines beneath,
near the apex and on the inner margin; anterior tibiz without any
spines in front, two rows of spines beneath, with three in each row
(counting the lower ones.) Middle legs as the anterior, except that
the tibiz have four spines above in two rows, two in each row. Pos.
terior femora very broad, about twice the length of the abdomen, with
numerous minute spines on each margin beneath, those on the outer
margin more robust than those on the inner margin; deeply channeled
beneath. Posterior tibix longer than the femora, distinctly arched or
curved outward near the top; with four pairs of strong, nearly oppo-
site spines on the upper surface, with five or six minute intervening
spines; these minute spines extend above the upper pair almost to the
top. Cerci robust elongate-conical, hairy, about as long as the prono-
tum.

Color. (Alcoholic specimen.) Body dark testaceous brown, with
markings of pale yellow; the central portion of the pronotum yellow,
gr anulated with brown, somewhat divided into two spots by an oblong

pale brown median spot; the other segments of the thorax and of the
niproniien have the anterior half teslaceous yellow, and the posterior
half brown. Legs dull yellow, the posterior fumora with a network
of brownish lines.

Dimensions. Length 0.62 in.; posterior femora 0.51 in.; posterior
tibize 0.58 in. ;

One male from Mt. Nebo, Utah, taken in Renee j

GRYLLIDA.

I notice in the collection a number of specimens of Gryllus luctuo-
sus Serv.; Nemobius vittatus? Harr. and Geanthus niveus Serv. There
may be other species among them, but I have not had time yet to
study them.

PUTNAM ON ORTHOPTERA. 265

NOTES.
BY J. D. PUTNAM.

Ischnoptera bivittata, N. Sp., (page 250), was quite common about
houses in San Francisco, California, during my visit there in October,
1875. Not suspecting it to be a new species, I did not send Professor
Thomas all the specimens—one of which appears to be a female. It
differs mainly in being larger, rather darker colored, and in having
the eyes black instead of ashen-blue. (Plate XXXVI, Fig. 1 4, 2 2.)

Circotettix undulata, Thos. (Page 254.) The specimens returned to
me under the above name were collected at Spring Lake Villa, Utah,
July 1875; while the specimens marked C. carlingiana, Thos. were
collected in Middle Park, Colorado, Sept. 1872

Brachystola magna, Girard, (Page 259,) was quite common at Canon
City, Colorado. Well preserved specimens of this species were fre-
quently found in sandy places completely dried by the sun. These
make very good cabinet specimens, the colors being much better pre-
served than any others I have seen. Various other insects were found
preserved in the same manner.

Caloptenus spretus. I have collected this species in various parts of
Colorado. It was quite plentiful on the plains between Denver and
Boulder City, in June 1872, and later in the season, I found it abun-
dant in the mountains, at Empire City. On August 1st, they were
very abundant high up above the timber line on Parry’s Peak. Vast
numbers were chilled by the snow and lay at the base of the snow
drifts in heaps. They could be seen filling the air like snow flakes to
a great height above the extreme summit of the peak,—13,133 feet.
The wind was from a westerly direction. In September, this year
(1872) I found them in great abundance in Middle Park. In 1874 I
first noticed this species on Gold Hill, Boulder county, July 8th, and
on July 11th they appeared at Valmont and other places on the plains
in great abundance, and did great damage. They received several
large reinforcements during the following week. After remaining
several days these seemed to disappear, but only to make room for an-
other swarm, and thus they kept coming and going during the rest of
the summer, until nothing eatable was left. At Empire City, they
were very abundant during the whole of my stay from August to Oc.
tober, but they seemed to eat but very little, if any thing. At Canon
City in October, I found them very abundant. They were very slug-
gish, and the side walks were covered with the dead and dying. Large
numbers were seen paired. The young grasshoppers hatched out
abundantly early in April 1875. In 18731 found them in different

Proc. D.A.N.S. Voz. I. (35) JULY, 1876.

266 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

parts of Western Wyoming, between Fort Bridger and the Yellowstone
Lake, but on the plain bordering the Stinkingwater River, in July
they were more abundant than I had ever seen them elsewhere before.

In June 1875, I collected a few near the Transfer Depot at Council
Bluffs, lowa. This is the most eastern locality, 1 have yet seen it. In
Utah last summer I failed to see a single specimen, although I looked
specially for it.

Caloptenus bivittutus, (Page 261), I have also from Iowa. There
is also in the collection a specimen of Caloptenus differentialis from
Iowa.

Acridium emarginatum, (Page 262) was certainly taken in Utah,
where it was not uncommon in the vicinity of orchards in August.

Anabrus simplex, (Page 263), I found very common in Middle Park:
Colorado, in September 1872. Scarcely any two specimens were col-
ored alike. The male was frequently seen “ singing” while seated in
the top of a wild sage bush,—the females being found on the ground
below. It was also common in the valley of the Wind River, Wyo-
ming in July 1873. It is called * Mesch” by the Shoshone Indians, who
are said to sometimes use it for food. In Utah last year I noticed but
very few specimens. It is called “ War Cricket” by the Mormons and
is said to occur in great numbers in some years, and has several times
almost entirely destroyed their crops. '

Anabrus purpurescens. (Page 263,)) 1 do not remember to have col-
lected any specimens of Orthoptera in Neb:zaska, as I only passed
through on the railroad. But high up above timberline on Gray’s
Peak, and on other peaks near Empire City, I collected a number of
specimens of a species of Anabrus Which does not seem to be men-
tioned by Dr. Thomas.

Stenopelmatus fasciatus, (Page 264.) 1 also found at Spring Lake,
Utah, where it is not uncommon, and is called “ Sand Cricket” by the
Mormons who frequently plow them up in the spring.

‘ I ‘

The following species contained in the collection are, from some
cause, omitted in the list. Gddpoda carolina from Towa; Gf. Haydeniti
from Canon City, Colorado; @. coralipes, Empire, Colorado, Spring
Lake, Utah; @. phanicoptera, lowa. All specimens mentioned in this
list from Iowa were cellected near Davenport:

IN printing the article on Orthoptera by Dr. Thomas, several im-
portant mistakes were made. These were corrected by the author in
the proofs, but owing to a misunderstanding a portion of the forms
were printed before the corrected proof was received.

PUTNAM ON ORTHOPTERA. 267

Page 253. Line 10, after tricarinata place an interrogation—[ ?]
2 ae “ 30.35, erase sémplex, conspersa and luteola from the
list of synonyms.
“ 954. Erase the third paragraph.
“ 957. For Spharangemon read Spharagemon.

< Line \235 Bor. "27 read by.
Tinos BT. © Putnamt =» Putnamit.
ort, AOI PAR + on at.

260. « 43. “ Dactilotum® Dactylotum.
“264. “ 30. ‘“ granulated ‘ dotted.

Since the printing of the Lists of CoLEopTERA and LEPIDOPTERA
found at Davenport (Pages 169-177), a considerable number of addi_
tions have been discovered, but as they have not yet been fully deter,
mined they will be reserved for a future list. A number of errors no
doubt exist in all the lists. Those that have been noticed will be in.
dicated in the errata.

DavENpPorT, July 15th, 1876.

Plates XXXV and XXXVI.
Since the preceding sheets were printed it has been decided to
have two plates engraved illustrating the several new species of insects
described in this volume.

Plate XXXV, Fig.1. MNomada Putnami Cresson. Page 210.
2. Anthophora albata Cresson. ~va2tie
8. Dyschirious salivagans Le Conte. ‘268.
4. Tanarthrus salicola Le Conte. “268.
5. Papilio indra Reakirt. ¢ * 182.

The descriptions of the two species of beetles are, for the sake of
reference, reproduced below from the Proc Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. V,
Nov. 1875. They were both collected on a salty mud flat. near the
southern extremity of Utah Lake, July 5th, 1875, in company with a
large number of other species of Coleoptera—for a full list of which
see page 200. Neither of these species were found on a later visit to
the same locality in September. The female of Papilio indra figured
is one of two specimens taken in Clear Creek Canon, July 1st 1872
The other specimen differs somewhat in its markings. So far as is
known, no one else has collected the female, and it has not before
been figured.

Plate XXXVI, Fig. 1. Ischnoptera bivittata Thomas 4 Page 260.
oo oe cs a es gr 200:
“ ‘ 3. Psoloessa coloradensis Thomas é ‘* 282.
My te" 4. a ce as Sue Sy 252:
= “ 5. Trimerotropis fontana Thomas. “255.
ef * 6. Cratypedes Putnamii Thomas. + Bat
cy “J. Cyphoderris monstrosus Uhler. ‘2638.
S ‘ 8. Ceuthophilus utahensis Thomas. ‘ 264.

bo

68 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

Descriptions of Coleoptera.
BY DR. J. L. LE CONTE.

[From the Transactions of the AMERICAN ENToMOLOGICAL SociETY, Vol. V, No-
vember, 1875. Pages 169 and 174.)

Dvschirius salivagans, Lec. (Plate XXXV, fig. 3.)

Elongate, pale ferruginous. shining Clypeus truncate. with the angles slightly
prominent and rounded, sides ot front rounded, distinctly separate from the
angles of the clypeus; frontal impressions deep, rugose, connected by a deep trans”
verse line, vertex lightly punctulate. Prothorex longer than wide, oblong oval,
scarcely narrower in front. Elytra elongate, cylindrical with well marked slightly
puctured striz, effaced towards the base, hut not at the tip; dorsal punctures two
situated on the third sttia; marginal stria abbreviated at the humerus. Front
tib.w scarcely dentictilate, dpicil precess longer than the terminal spur and curved.

Length 4 mm.; 0.16 in.

fBurroting’ in salty mud near Utah Lake, Utah, in company with
D. patruelis, Lee , various other Carabidae, ete. See page 200).

“ Allied to D. pallipennis, but larger and more slender, with the
sides of the front more rounded, and the angles of the clypeus more
prominent and rounded, almost as in D. séllatus ; from which, howev-
er, it also differs by the more elongate form, and by the strie of the
elytra effaced for a greater distance near the base. The head is not
rugose, and only very sparsely punctulate. This is a very interesting
addition to our fauna, carrying as it does, the distribution of the palli-
pennis group into the closed basins of the interior of the continent.”—
LE Contre

Tanarthrus salicola, Lec. (Plate XXXV, fig. 4.)

Depressed, ferruginous, opaque. very firely and dens¢ly punctulate, finely pub-
escent Head large, hind angles rounded, vertex with a narrow indistinct smooth
space. occiput with a very short impressed line, Prothorex cordat’, constricted
near the base. dilated in front, where it ix scarcely narrower than its length. Ely-
tra wider than the prothorex, dusky at base and tip, and with a faint dusky, trans-
verse band at the middle. Antenne with éleventh joint equal tothe two preced-
ing united, slightly constricted at the middle. Length 3 mm.; 0.12 in.

[Burrowing in salty mud near Utah Lake, Utah, in company with
Anthicus rejectus, Lec., Heterocerus ewnicullus, Kies., the Carabidae
ubove mentioned etc.]

“Similar in form to 7. salénus but much smaller and easily recog-
nized by the licad and pro-thorax as densely punctured as the elytra,
the more cordate prothorax, the dusky elytral bands and finally by the
less elongated terminal portion of the eleventh joint of the antenne.”’
LE CONTE.

INDEX TO GENERA. © 2

INDEX TO GENERA,

Abies, 146, 147, 149.
Abutilon, 155.
Acalypha, 162.
ACANTHACE®, 160.
Acer, 146, 156.
Acerates, 162.
Achilleia. 159.
Acilius, 178.
Acmeodera, 191.
Acmeops, 180, 190.
Aconitum, 149.
Acordulecera, 206.
ACRIDIDA, 250.
Acridium, 262 266.
Acteea, 154.
Actinomeras, 159.
Adoxus, 181, 190, 200.
fEdilis, 180.
/EGERID®, 186.
/Eschna, 204, 205.
Aesculus, 156.
Agabus, 178.

Agama, 208.
Agapostemon, 195, 209.
Agathis, 207
Agonoderus, 169, 178, 202.
Agrilus, 171, 173, 180.
Agrimonia, 157.
Agrion, 205.

Alaus, 171.
Aleochara, 199, 202.
Alisma, 148, 163.
ALISMACE, 163.
Allium, 164.

Amara, 169, 173, 178, 190, 191, 202.

AMARANTACE®, 162.
Amarantus, 162.
AMARYLLIDACES, 164.
Ambrosia, 159
Ammopbhila, 208.
Amnicola, 167.
AMNICOLID®, 167.
Ampelopsis, 156.
Amphicerus, 36, 172.
Amorpha, 156.
Anabrus, 187, 192, 263 266.
ANACARDIACEA, 156.
Anaspis, 181, 191, 200.
Anatis, 170, 199.
Anatolmis, 186.
Ancylus, 166.

ANDRENID®, 195.
Androsace, 160.
Anemone, 153.
Anisodactylus, 169, 173.
Anisostica, 179.
Anodonta, 166.
Anomoglossus, 169.
Anthaxia, 180, 208.
Antherophagus, 179.
ANTHICID#, 172, 181, 201, 204. -
Anthicus, 172, 181, 201, 204 268
Anthidium, 195, 209.
Anthocaris, 183.
Anthophora, 195, 210, 211, 267.
Anthrenus, 179.
Aphodius, 171, 190, 199.
APID&, 189, 195.
Apion, 182

Apios, 156.

Apis, 195.
APOCYNACE, 161.
Apocynum, 135, 161.
Aquilegia, 130, 154.
Arabis, 154.

ARACEA, 163.

Aralia, 158.
ARALIACE, 158.
Argynnis, 175, 184, 189, 196, 198.
Arctia, 176, 186, 189, 192.
Areneria, 150, 155.
Arceuthobium, 36, 152.
Arisema, 163. .
Arphia, 253, 254.
Asaphes, 171.

Asarum, 162
ASCLEPIADACE®, 161.
Asclepias, 161, 162.
Asemum, 180.

Asida, i181, 204.
Aspidium, 149.

Aster, 151, 158.
Astragalus, 156.
Atenius, 171, 203.
Atennaria, 159.
Atomaria, 179.
ATOMARIDA, 179.
Atragene, 150.
Attagenus, 170.
Attalus, 180.
Augochlora, 209.
AURICULID.A, 167.

270

Babia, 173.

Balininus, 173.

Baptisia, 156.

Baradius, [Baris], 178.

Bassus, 206. *

BEMBECID&, 194, 208.

Bembex, 208.

Bembidium, 178, 190, 191, 199, 200,

202.

BERBERIDACEA, 154.

Berosus, 178.

Betula, 163.

BETULACEA, 163.

Bideus, 159. :

Blapstinus, 173, 181, 190, 201, 204.

Blatta, 249, 250.

BLATTID&, 249.

Blechrus, 200.

Bledius, 201.

Bolboceras, 171. ;

Bombus, 189, 195, 210.

BORRAGINACEA, i61.

Brachyacantha, 179.

Brachynus, 169, 178, 202.

Brachypeplus, 259.

Brachys, 191.

Brachystola, 259, 265.

Bracon, 188, 194.

BRACONIDA, 188, 194, 207.

Bradycellus, 190, 202.

Brassica, 155.

Bruchus, 172, 1738, 204.

Brunella, 161. ‘

Bulinus, 166.

BUPRESTID, 171, 180, 199, 208.

Buprestis, 180, 199.

Cacalia, 159.

Calathus, 169, 178, 199.

Calimoxys, 172.

Callimorpha, 176.

Calloides, 172, 203.

Caloptenus, 187, 192. 259, 262, 265,
266.

Calopteron, 171, 178.

Calopus, 182.

Calosoma, 169, 178, 190.

Caltha, 154.

Calystegia, 161.

Camnula, 253.

Campanula, 160.

CAMPANULACE&, 160.

Canabis, 163.

Canthon, 173.

CAPPARIDACE®, 155.

CAPRIFOLIACE&, 158.

Capsella, 155.

CARABID#, 169, 178, 199, 200, 202,
268.

Carabus, 178, 190, 199.

INDEX TO GENERA.

Cardamine, 149, 154.
Cardiophorus, 180.
Carex, 149, 164.
Carpinus, 163.
Carpophilus, 179.

_Carya, 163.

Carychium, 167.
CARYOPHYLLACE, 155.
Cassia, 157.

Cassida, 181.

Cassis, 108, 113, 114, [136].
Castilleia, 150, 160.
Catocala, 198.
Caulophyllum, 154.
Ceanothus, 147, 156.
CELASTRACES, 156.
Celastrus, 156.

Celtis, 162

Cephalanthus, 158
Cephaloon, 191.
CERAMBYCID#, 172, 180, 200, 208.
Cerastium, 155.

Ceratina, 195, 207.
Ceratomsa, 176.

Cerceris, 194, 207.

Cercsis, 157.

- Cercocarpus, 146, 147.

Cercus, 208.

Ceuthophilus, 264, 267.

Ceutorrhynchus, 182, 200.

Cherocampa, 176.

Chetocnema, 201.

CHALCIDID&, 188, 207.

Chalcis, 207.

Chauliognathus, 171, 178, 180, 208.

Chelonus, 188, 207.

Chelymorpha, 181.

CHENOoPODIUM, 162.

Chilocorus, 38, 171.

Chinobas, 185, 189:

Chlenius, 168, 173, 190, 202.

Chleealtis, 251.

Chloroperla, 191.

Chrysobothris, 191, 192.

Chrysochus, 172, 173, 181, 204.

Chrysomela, 172, 181.

CHRYSOMELID&, 172, 181, 200, 201,
204.

Chrysopa, 192.

Chrysophanus, 175, 185, 197.

Cicada, 192.

Cicindela, 169, 178, 190, 191, 199,
200, 202.

CICINDELID&, 169, 178, 199, 200, 202.

Cicuta, 158.

Circa, 150, 157.

Circotettix, 254 265.

Cirsium, 159.

INDEX TO GENERA.

CisTACE®, 155.
Cistela, 179.
Claytonia, 155.
Clematis, 150, 153.
Cleonus, 182.
CLERID#, 180, 200.
Clerus, 173, 180, 200.
Clisiocampa, 198.
Clytus, 173, 180.
Cnemidotus, 170, 202.

Cressidius,, 180.
CRUCIFER&, 154.
Crymodes, 182.
Cryptobium, 170...”
Cryptocephalus, 204.
Cryptohypnus, 199.
Cryptophagus, 179.
Cryptotenia, 158.
Cryptus, 188, 206.
CucuRBITACE, 158.

Coccinella, 171, 173, 179, 190, 191,Cucustp#, 170.

199.
COccCINELLID, 38,

201, 203.
Celocnemus, 191, 192.
Ccenonympha, 185, 189.
Colaspis, 173, 181.
Colias, 174, 183, 189, 192, 196.
Colletes, 195, 207.
Col ops, 180, 190, 201, 203.
Coriypup&, 170.
Colymbetes, 178.
Comandra, 162.
CoMMELYNACE&, 164,
Composit, 158
ContFER&, 145, 163.
Conioselinum, 158.
Conium, 158.
ConvOLVULACE, 161.
Convolvulus, 161.
Copris, 171.
Coptocycla, 172.
Coptotomus, 170.
Copturus, 182, 204.
CoRBICULID™, 166.
Corcopsis, 159.
CoRNACE®, 158.
Cornus, 158. ~
Corphyra, 172, 173, 181, 191.
Corticaria, 173.
Corydalis, 154, 213.
Corylus, 163.
Corymbites, 191.
Corynetes, 180, 200, 203.
Coscinoptera, 172, 181.
Cossonus, 182.
Cotalpa, 171
Cowania, 146.
CRABRONIDA#, 194, 207.
Cratacanthus, 169, 178.
Crategus, 157.
Cratypedes, 257, 267.
Cremastus, 188.
Creophilus, 170, 179, 191, 202
Crepidodera, 172, 178, 181.
Crepis, 149
Criocephalus, 180, 191.
Crocata, 176, 186.

170, 179,

199,CuRCULIONID®, 173, 182

CUPULIFER”, 163.

Cuscuta, 161.
Cybister, 202.
Cychorium, 159.
Cyclocephala, 203. ».

~ Cycloneda [Coccinella], 171.

Cyllene, 172, 172+: |:
Cymindis, 178.
Cynoglossum, 161." |
Cynthia, 159. ;
CYPERACEH 164
Cyphoderris, 263, 267.
Cyphon, 171. 180.
Cyprepedium, 164.
Cyrtophyllus, 262. .
Dacylotum, 260, 268.
Danais, 175, 196:
Darapsa, 176.
DASCYLLID#, 171.
Dasytes, 180, 190.
Datura, 161.

Dectes, 180.
Decticus, 262.
Deilephila, 176, 186, 197.
Delphininum, 154.
Dendroctonus, 182.
Dentaria, 154.

271

, 200, 204.

Dermestes, 170, 179, 190, 201, 202.
DERMESTID&, 170, 179, 199, 201, 202.

Desmodium, 156.

Diabrotica, 172, 173.
Dicaelus, 169.

Diceutra, 154.

Dineutus, 170.
Diplotaxis, 171, 199, 202.
Diplax, 205.

Disonycha, 172, 181, 190.
Dodecanthon, 160
Dolerus, 188, 206.
Dolichosoma, 190, 191.
Dolium, 136.

Donacia, 173, 181.
Dorcus, 202

Doryphora, 173.
Dorytomus, 173, 182, 204.
Draba, 155.

272 INDEX TO GENERA

Drasterius, 171, 180, 201, 202. Gastropecha, 177.
Dromeelus, 171. Gastrophysa, 172.
Dyschirius. 200, 201. Gaurodytes, 202.
Dytiscip®, 170, 202. Gentiana, 161.

Dytiscus, 178, 202. GENTIANACE#, 161.
Eburia, 172, 173. Geotrypes, 171.
Echinacea, 159. GERANIACE®, 156.
Echinocystis, 158. Geranium, 156.
Echinospermum, 148, 161. Geum, 157.

Ectobia, 250. Gleditschia, 157.
Elaphidion, 172, 208 Gnathium, 181.

Elaphrus, 169, 190, 200. Gnophaela, 186, 198.
ELATERID#, 171, 180, 199, 201, 203. Goes, 172.

Eleocharis, 164. Gomphocerus, 251.
Elephas, 98. Goniloba, 175, 187.
Ellisia, 161. Goniobasis, 167.

Eleodes, 181, 190, 191, 200, 204. Gramotanlius, 191.
Epeolus, 195, 209. Grapta, 175, 185, 196.
Ephemera, 191, 192. Graptodera, 172, 181, 190, 204.
Epicaerus, 182. GRYLLID#, 264.

Epicauta, 172, 178, 181, 191, 200, 204 Gryllus, 19 , 257, 259, 264.
Epilobium, 150, 157. Gymnocladus, 157.
Epipactus, 148. Gyraulus, 166.

Ereba, 185. GYRINIDH, 170), 202.
Ergates, 180. Gyrinus, 170, 202.
ERICACEs, 160). Habenaria, 149.
Erigeron, 150, 158. HaipPLip®, 170.
Eriogonum, 147. Harpalus, 169, 178, 178, 190, 191,
Erirrhinus, 182, 204. 199, 200, 202.
EROTYLIDé, 179. Hedysarum, 147.
Eryngium, 158. Helenium, 159.
Erysimum, 154. Helianthemum, 155.
Erythraea, 148. Helianthus, 159.
Erythronium, 38, 150, 164. HELIicip#, 167.
Eudamus, 175. Helicina, 97.

Eudryus, 177, 197. Heliopsis, 159.
Eugnamptus, 173. Helix, 42, 97, 167.
EuMONID&, 194, 208. Helophorus, 178, 202.
Eupatorium, 148, 158. Hemerobius, 191.
Euphorbia, 162. Hemileuca, 177, 187.
EUPHORBIACE®, 162. Hepatica, 154.

Euptoieta, 184. Hepialas, 190.

Euptychia, 175. Heracleum, 149.
Euryomia, 171, 180, 208. Herpastes, 160.

EKusattus, 181. Hesperia, 176.
Eustrophus, 173. Hesperotettix, 261, 262.
Evarthrus, 169. Heteraspis, 172.
Exochilum, 206. HETEROCERID®#, 201, 208.
Exochus, 206. Heterocerus, 201, 203, 268.
Falagria, 170. Heuchera, 148, 157.

Fidia, 172. Hexagonia, 205.
ForMIcip&, 189, 194. Hippodamia, 170, 171, 173, 178, 190,
Fragaria, 157. 199, 201, 208.
FUMARIACE®, 154. Hister, 171, 173, 178, 208.
Galeruca, 190, 00. HIstERID#, 171, 178, 199, 208.
Galerucella, 181, 201. Hoplia, 191.

Galerita, 169, 173. Humulus, 163.

Galium, 158. Hyalina, 167.

INDEX TO GENERA.

Hydnocera, 180.

Hydrobius, 170, 178, 201, 202.
Hydrocanthus, 170.
HyYDROPHILID®, 170, 178, 199, 201.
Hydrophilus, 202.
HYDROPHYLLACE®, 161.
Hydrophyllum, 161.
Hydroporus, 170, 178, 202.
Hylastes, 182.

Hyperaspis, 38, 171.
HYPERICACE®, 155.
Hypericum, 155.
Hyperplatys, 172.

Hypnum, 97.

Hypophleus, 181.
Ichneumon, 188, 194, 206.
IcHNEUMONID#, 188, 194, 206.
Impatiens, 156.

Ipomeea, 161.

Ips, 170, 178.

Tris, 164.

Ischnoptera, 249, 250, 265, 267.
Ithycerus, 173.

Ivesia, 150.

Juglans, 163.

Kakkarlac, 250.

Kuhnia, 158.

LABIATA, 160.

Laccobius, 170, 202.
Laccophilus, 170, 178, 201, 202.
Lachnosterna, 190.

Lacon, 180.

Lactuca, 159.

Lzmophlaeus, 141.
LAMPYRID®, 171, 180, 199, 201.
Languria, 179.

Laphamia, 148. y;
Lappa, 154. /
Larra, 207.

Larrada, 194, 208.

LARRID®, 194, 208.
Lathrimzeum, 170.
Lathrobium, 170.

Lathyrus, 156.

LATRIDIIDA, 179, 203.
Latridius, 179, 203.

Lebia, 178, 190, 200.
Lecanium, 37

LEGUMINOS&®, 15f.

Lema, 181.

Leonurus, 161.

Lepidium, 155.

Leptura, 180, 200, 172.
Lepyrus, 191.

Lethe, 175.

Leucarctia, 177.

Liatris, 158.

Libellula, 204, 205.

Proc. D. A. N.S. Vot. I.

273

Ligyrius, 171, 180.
LiniIacEZ .164.
Lilium, 164.
Limenitis, 175, 185, 196.
Limnea, 166.

LIMN IDA, 166.
Limneria, 188, 194.
LInacE®, 155, 158.
Linum, 155.

Lioplax, 166.
Liparis, 164.
Liriodendron, 154.
Listroderes, 182.
Listrus, 191.
Lithosia, 186.
Lithospermum, 161.
Lithurgus, 209.
Lobelia, 159, 160.
LOBELIACE®, 159.
Locusta, 251, 262, 275.
LocusTID&, 262.
Longitarsus, 173, 181.
Lonicera, 158.
Lophanthus, 151, 160.
Loxopeza, 169, 178.
LucaNID&, 171.
Lucanus, 171.
Lucidota, 171.
Ludwigia, 157.
Luperus, 181, 190.
Lycena, 175, 185, 189, 197.
Lychius, 156.
Lycopus, 160.
Lysimachia, 160.
LyTHRACE®, 158.
Lytta, 181, 191.
Macrobasis, 172
Macrocyclas, 167.
Macroglossa, 176.
Macronoxia, 208.
Macrosila, 176.
Magdalis, 173.
MaALacHID™®, 180, 200, 201, 203.
Malva, 155.
Matvace®, 155.
Malvastrum, 155.
MantTip®, 249.
Margaratana, 165.
Maruta, 159.
MASARID@®, 208.
Masaris, 208.

Matus, 170.
Meandrina, 217.
Megachile, 195, 209
Megilla, 170.
MELANID», 167.
Melanophila, 180, 191, 199, 208.
Melanotus, 171.

(36) JULY, 1876.

274 INDEX TO GENERA.

Melantho, 42, 166. Nosodes,179.

Meligethes, 179, 203. Nothopus, 178.

Melilotus, 156. Notiodes, 182. !

Melissodes, 189, 196, 209. Notoxus, 172, 178, 181, 204.

Melita, 184, 196. Nuphur, 148, 154.

Meloe, 181. NYCTAGINACE®, 162. '
MeELorp®, 172, 181, 200, 204 Nyctobates, 172. .
Menardella, 149. Nympheea, 148, 154. :
Menetus, 166. NYMPHE MCE, 154. |
MENISPERMACE®, 154. Nyssonipm, 194.
Menispermum, 154. Odynerus, 194, 20'.

Menteus, 166. CEcanthus, 264.

Mentha, 160. (Edionychis, 172. [266.

Merinus, 172. Edipoda, 192, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258,
Mermiria, 251. (Enothera, 157.
Mertensia, 149, 151, 161. OLEACE®, 162.
Mesochorus, 188, 207. Ommatolampis, 262.

Mesothemis, 205. ONAGRACE®, 157.

Mestobregma, ° 56. Onosmodium, J61.

Metabletus, 178, 202 Onthophagus, 171.

Microdus, 207. Ophion, 207.

Microgaster, 188, 194. Ophryastes, 182.

Microphotus, 180. Opomala, 250.

Mimulus, 160. Orchestris, 181, 200.

Mitella, 146, 157. ORCHIDACE®, 164.

Monarda, 160. Orgia, 177.

Monedula , 208. Orphilus, 199.

Monocrepidius, 171. Orthocarpus, 147.

Monohammus, 180, 190, 200. Orthoceras, 36.

Monoxia, 181, 190, 204. Orthosoma, 172.

Monumetha, 209. Osmia, 194 ¥
Mordella, 181, 200. Osmoderma, 171.

MORDELLID#®, 172,181, 200, 201, 204.0smorrhiza, 150, 158.
Mordellistena,172, 181, 200, 201, 204.0xybaphus, 162,

Morus, 168. Oxycoryphus, 251.
Mylabris, 172, 181, 204. Pachybrachys, 173, 181, 201, 204.
Myrmileon, 191, 192, 205. Pachyta, 180, 181.
Mysia, [Anatis], 38. Paederus, 201.

Mutilla, 188, 194, 207. Pamphila, 176, 186, 197.
MUTILLIDA, 188, 194, 207 Paniscus, 207.

Nabarus, 159. PAPAVERACE®, 154.
Nadata, 177. Papilio, 174, 182, 183, 189, 185.
Nasturtium, 154. Parnassia, 148.
Nathalis, 174. Parnassius, 183, 195.
Nebria, 191, 199. Pasimachus, 169.
Necrophorus, 170, 179, 200. Pastinaca, 158.
Negunde, 156. Pedicularis, 160.
Nelumbium, 148. Pelecinus, 207.
Nemeophila, 186. Pelidnota, 171.
Nemobius, 264. Pellexa, 149.
Nemognatha, 181, 204. Pelopoeus, 194, 205.
Neoclytus, 172. Peltis, 170, 179, 201.
Nepeta, 161. Pentamerus, 212.
Nerice, 177. Pentaria, 181, 200.
Nisoniades, 175, 186. Penthorum, 157.
Nitidula, 170, 179, 190. Penstemon, 147, 150, 160.
NIvTmDvuLip#, 170, 179, 202. Pepsis, 194, 208.

Nomada, 198, 195, 209, 210, 267. Periplaneta, 250.

INDEX TO GENERA. 215

Petalostemon, 156. Polytenia, 158.
Pezonachus, 188. Pomatiopsis, 167.
Pezotettix, 259, 260. Pompinipa®, 194, 208.
PHALACRID®, 179. Pompilus, 208.
Phalacrus, 179, 190. Populus, 163.
Phaneus, 180. Portulaca, 155.
Phaneroptera, 262. PoRTULACACEA, 155.
Phelister, 1738. Potentilla, 157.
Philampelus, 176. Primula, 150.
PHILANTHID®, 194, 207. PRIMULACE, 160.
Philanthus, 194, 207. Priocnemis, 194, 208.
Philhydrus, 176. Prionus, 172, 173, 191, 192.
Philonthus, 179, 190, 199, 201. Prionyx, 208.
Philotecnus, 190. Pristoscellus, 191.
Phlox, 161. Prosartes, 151.
Photinus, 173, 180, 199, 201. Prosopis, 209.
Photuris, 171. Prunus, 146, 157.
Phryma, 160. Psenocerus, 172.
Phrynosomia, 192. Pseudohazies, 190, 198.
Phyciodes, 175, 184, 189, 196. Psinidia, 256.
Phyllaecus, 206. Psoloessa, 252.
Phyllobrotica, 172. Psoralea, 156.
Phyllophaga, 171. Psylliodes, 172, 181.
Phylotreta, 173, 181. Psyllobora, 170. -
Phymatodes, 180. Ptelea, 156.

Physa, 40, 166. Pteronarchys, 191.
Physalis, 161. Pterostichus, 169, 178, 190, 191, 199,
Pieris, 174, 188, 195. 202.

Pimpla, 206. Prinip&#, 172.
Pinus, 152. Ptinus, 172.
Piosoma, 178. Pupa, 97, 167.
Pisidium, 166. Pycnanthemum, 160.
Pityophagus, 179. Pyrameis, 175, 185, 196.
Planorbis, 39, 166. Pyrgus, 175, 197.
Planorbella, 166. Pyrrharctia, 176.
PLANTAGINACE, 160. Pyrula, 119, 136.
Plantago, 160 Pyrus, 157.
Platamodes, 249, 250. PyTHip», 182.
PLATANACE, 163. ‘ a
Platanus, 163 Quedius, 179.
Plathemus, 204, 205. Quercus, 146, 168.
Platydema, lites RANUNCULACEA, 158.
Platynus, 169, 173, 190, 199. Ranunculus, 150, 154.
Platyphylax, 191. RHAMNACE, 156.
Platyphyllum, 262. Rhamnus, 156.
Platystethus, 179, 199. Rhantus, 201, 202.
Podabrus, 171, 172, 180. Rhipiphorus, 204.
Pogonus, 200. Rhus, 156.

Polanisia, 155. Rhynchites, 182.
PoLEMONIACE&, 161. Ribes, 157.
Polemonium, 161. Robinia, 156.
Polistes, 194, 209. Rogas, 207.

Polygala, 156. Rosa, 146, 157.
PoLYGALACE&, 156. Rosacea, 157.
POLYGONACEA, 162. RUBIACE, 158.
Polygonatum, 164. Rubus, 157.
Polygonum, 162. Rudbeckia, 151, 159.

Polyphylla, 191. Ruellia, 160.
Polystoechotes, 191, 205. Rumex, 147, 162.

276 INDEX TO GENERA.

Ruracea, 156.

Sagittaria, 148, 163.
SALICACE®, 163.
Salix, 163.
Sambucus, 158.
Samia, 177
Sanguinaria, 154.
Sanicula, 158.
SANTALACE, 162.
Saperda, 172.
SAPINDACE&, 156.
Saprinus, 173, 179, 190, 199, 2
Sarracenia, 154.
SARRACENIACE®, 154.
Satyrus, 175, 185, 189, 197.
Saxifraga, 149, 157.
SAXIFRAGACE®, 157.
Saxinis, 190, 200.
ScaPHIDIIDA, 170.
Scaphisoma. 170.
SCARADAID&, 171, 180, 199, 208.
Scarites, 169.
Scepsis, 176, 186.
Scilla, 164.

Scirpus, 148, 164.
Scortaps, 194, 207.
Sconyrips, 173, 182.
Scrophularia, 160.
ScCROPHULARIACE®, 160.
Scudderia, 262.
Scutellaria, 161.
Scymnus, 171, 179.
Selandria, 188, 206.
Selenophorus, 178.
Senecio, 150, 159.
Serica, 171, 191.
Sicyos, 158.

Silene, 155.

Silpha, 170, 179, 190.
SILeHip«, 170.
Silphium, 159.
Sisymbrium, 155.
Sisyrinchium, 164.
Sium, 158.
Smerinthus, 176.
SMILACEm, 164.
Smilacina, 164.
Smilax, 164.
Solanum, 161.
Solidago, 159.
Somatogyrus, 167.
Sonchus, 159.
Sparganium, 163.
Specularia, 160.
SPERMOPHAGID», 172, 181, 204.
Spharagemon, 257.
Spherzcea, 146.
Spherium, 166. *

Sphecodes, 195.

SpHEGIDs, 194, 208.
Sphenophorus, 173, 190, 204.
Sphex, 194, 208.
SPHINGIDA®, 192.
Spilosoma, 176.

Spirea, 151, 157.

Stachys, 161.
Stagmomantus, 249.
Staphylea, 156.

STAPHYLINIDA, 170, 178, 199, 202.

Staphylinus, 170.
Stauronotus, 259.
Steiroxys, 263.

Stellaria, 150.
Stenobothrus, 251.
Stenolophus, 169, 173, 200.

Stenopelmatus, 187, 192 264 266.

Stenophylax, 205.
Stenostola, 180.
Stenus, 178.
Sternidius, 172.
Stizus, 194, 207.
Strangalea, 172.
Strigoderma, 171.
Stylopyga, 250.
Succenia, 97, 167.
Synthyris, 150, 160.
Systena, 181.

Tabanus, 192.

Tachys, 169, 200, 202.
Tachytes, 194, 208.
Tanacetum, 148.
Tanarthrus, 201, 267, 268.
Taraxicum, 159.
TELEPHORID®, 171, 180, 203.
Telephorus, 171, 172.
Telia, 177.

Tenebrioides, 170.
Tenebrionellus, 172, 181.

TENEBRIONIDA, 172, 181, 200, 201,

204.
TENTHREDINID®, 188, 206.
Tenthredo, 206.
Tephrosia, 156.

Terias, 174.
Tetraopes, 172, 173, 208.
Teucrium, 160.
Thalictrum, 154.
Thamnotrizon, 252.
Thaspium, 158.
Theckla, 197.
Thuja, 163.
Thysania, 177.
Tilia, 155.
TILIAcCE®, 155.
Tiphia, 194, 207.
Tomicus, 182.

a Ee

INDEX T) GENERA.

Tomonotus, 258, 254.
Torreya, 47.
Toxoneurem, 207.
Trachypachys, 178.
Tradescantia, 164.
Tragidion, 203.
Tragocephala, 252. 253.
Tremex, 206.
Tribrachys, 179.
Trichius, 180.
Trichodes, 180.
Trifolium, 156.
Trillium, 164.
Trimerotropis, 255, 257.
Trimytis, 181.
Triosteum, 158.
Trirhabda, 181, 191, 200, 204.
Trogoderma, 170.
TROGOSITID 24s, 170, 179.
Tropidolophus, 259.
Tropisternus, 170, 199, 202.
Tropea, 177.
Trox, 171, 180, 190.
Troximum, 159.
Tryphin, 206.
Tryponostoma, 167.
Trypoxylon, 194, 207.
Typha, 148, 163.
HACE, 163.
Typocerus, 180.

Ulmus, 162.
UMBELLIFERS®, 150, 158.

Unio, 42, 105, 112, 165, 167, 168.

UniIonip&, 165.
Urocerip#, 188, 194, 206.
Urocerus, 188, 172, 195, 206.

Urtica, 135.
URTICACE®, 162.
Uvularia, 164.
Vacearia, 155.
Vaccinium, 160.
Valgus, 171.
Valvata, 166.
VALVATID&, 166.

Vanessa, 175, 185 196.

Verbascum, 160.
Verbena, 160.
VERBENACE, 160.
Vernonia, 158. °
Veronica 160.
Vespa, 189.
VESPID&, 189, 194.
Viburnum, 158.
Viola, 146, 155.
VIOLACE®, 155.
ViTacE#, 156.
Vitis, 156.
Vivipera, 166.
VIVIPERID&, 166.

Woodsia, 147.
Wyethea, 151.

Xanthium, 159.
Xestonotus, 169.
Xyleutes, 177.
Xyloryctes, 171.
Xyloterus, 172, 182.
Xylotrechus, 171.

Zanthoxylum, 156.
Zauschneria, 147.
Zizia, 158.
Zonites, 204.

bo

2978 GENERAL INDEX.

GENERAL INDEX.

Agassiz, Resolutions on the death of. 54.
Albany, Ill., Ancient Mounds at. 49, 51, 52, 58, 99, 104.
Excursion to. 539104.
Amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws. 2, 8, 16, 17, 24, 38, 48,
54, 61, 68, 66, 83, 236.
Animalcular Life. Paper by Dr. Iles. 14, 16.
Annual Address of the President 19, 67, 85.
Articles of Incorporation. 8, 66, 236.

Bark Louse, Maple Tree. 37.
Beal, Prof. W. J., Lecture by. 32.

Bears Canine Tooth. 76, 119, 120, 137.
Imitation. 76, 137, 148.

Beaver’s Tooth. 137.
Bone Implements, 48, 73, 84, 105, 110, 112.
Bone ornament, imitation Bears Tooth. 76, 137, 148.
Bones in a prairie slough. 29.
Bones of amammoth. 98.
Bones of Animals in the mounds. 136, 105, 112, 119, 120, 122, 1386. .
Boomerang of Moquis Pueblo Indians. 47.
Botany in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah. 145.

of Davenport. 153.
Boulder Drift. 97.
Bronze age. 128.
Buffalo’s wool. 181.
Building, Plans fer a. 47, 48.

Calcareus nodules in the Loess. 96.
Calc-spar. 55.
Carbonate of Copper. 129.
Carburetted Hydrogen Gas. 9.
Carved stone pipes. 78, 84, 107, 108, 111, 118, 119, 120, 122, 135.
Catalogue of the Library. 226.
Catlinite, 135.
Century plant. 48.
Charcoal in the mounds. 64, 109, 112, 120.
Charred Cloth. 128, 129.
Clionian Society. 69, 79.
Cloth, Mound Builders. 73, 119, 120, 128, 129, 130, 134.
Swiss Lake Dwellers. 129.
American Indians. 131, 132.
Cold wave of January 1875. 10.
Coleoptera of Colorado, 50, 177.
Davenport, lowa. 169.
Fredric, Iowa. 173.
Monticello, Iowa. 173.
Utah. 199, 268.
Wyoming. 190.
Concord Grape. @nemy of. 36.
Condition of the Museum. 84.

GENERAL INDEX. 279

Constitution and By-Laws. 3, 17, 236.
Conversaziones. 55 68, 86.
Copperas cave in Tennessee. 129.
Copper Age. 1238, 186.
among the Indians. 127.
from Lake Superior. 128, 124, 126.
considered precious. 124.
Copper implements. 59, 72, 73, 77, 84, 214.
awls. 79, 84, 107, 108, 111, 119, 127, 133, 184
axes. 72, 77,79, 84, 108, 109, 111, 119, 120, 122,
125, 127, 128, 133, 142.
chopping-knives. 127.
knives. 49.
spoon. 122, 133, 184.
vessels. 129.
Copper ornaments. 127.
beads. 84, 119, 127, 133, 134.
ear-pendants. 119, 127, 138, 134.
Jrania from Albany, Ill. 56, 101, 114.
of Mound Builders. 51, 52, 54, 56 84, 100, 101, 104, 105, 107, 114,
115, 116, 117, 139, 140.
of Sioux Indians. 117, 1389, 140.
cut for charms. 109, 121.
Cranial amulets. 110, 121.
Cremation Mounds. 64, 113, 114.
Colorado, Coleoptera of. 50, 177.
Hymenoptera of. 206.
Lepidoptera of. 182.
Orthoptera of. 249.
Trip to. 12,29, 39.
Curators Report for 1875. 84
Curious Rock Formations. 47.
Corresponding members, List of. 248.

Davenport, Ancient Mounds at. 117.
Coleoptera of. 169.
Lepidoptera of. 174.

Plants of. 153.
Shells found at. 165.

Devonion corals and shells. 37.

Diseases of the Mound Builders. 141, 142.

Donations to the Library. 222.

Museum. 212.
, Donors of stone and flint implements. 217.

Earthquake wave of Aug. 13th, 1868. 82.

Eclipse of 1869. Photographing the total. 25, 26, 27, 28.
Elections of officers 1, 2, 18, 38, 40, 55, 66, 76 78, 79, 85.
Electricity. 79.

Ermine, Capture of an. 54.

Evolution, Lecture on. 80.

Excavations at R. R. grade. 13, 16.

Excursion to Albany mounds. 53, 104.

Fibre of Mound Builders cloth. 185.

Fire, Evidences of, in the mounds. 64, 100, 106, 120.

Flax, Fabrics of. 130.

Flint implements. 84.
arrowheads. 73, 79, 84, 102, 104, 109, 111, 112, 114, 119, 122, 136.
spearheads. 112. :

280 GENERAL INDEX.

Flora of Davenport. 155.
of the Prairies. Changes in. 22, 38.

West. New addition to. 38.
Wasatch mountains, Utah. 145. |

Force and motion. 34, 75.

Fossils. 36, 60, 84, 212.

Fredric, Iowa, Coleoptera of. 173.

Fresh-water shells. 39, 74, 165, 212.

Frozen tunnel at Empire, Col. 48.

Galena in the mounds. 84, 105, 107, 111, 120, 121, 135.

Gass, Rev. J., Discoveries by. 118.

Geodes. 84, 212.

Geological specimens. 84.

Geology, Lectures on. 32, 33, 34.

Glacier scratched boulders. 96, 98. 4

Gopher skins. 72. *
Grafting, Spontaneous. 57.

Green-stone. 135.

Hail-storm, Record of a, by a soft maple. 47.
Heating of Rifle Balls. 71, 91.
Hieroglyphics in Utah and Wyoming. 144.
High School Cabinet. 44, 45, 46.
Horned toad. 188.
Horn Implements. 42, 79, 84, 111.
Horticultural Society. 47.
Human remains in the mounds. 101, 105, 107, 108, 112, 113, 118, 138.
Sheil bed on Rock Island. 42.
Hydrophobia. 28, 39.
Hymenoptera collected by J.D Putnam. 206.
of Utah. 194.
of Wyoming. 188.

Ice cave at Decorah, Iowa. 48.
at Empire, Col. 48.

Illuminating Oil. 35.
Imitation Bear’s tooth. 76, 137, 143.
Indian hemp. 135.

names of insects and colors. 192.

implements. 84.
Infant’s bones in the mounds. 100, 112, 119, 121.
Inscriptions, Rock. 144.
Intrusive burials in mounds. 104, 112, 119.
Iron Age, 128, 126.
Ivory. 126.

Jesuit Missionaries. 124.

Ladies Centennial Association. 83, 86.
Ladies Furnishing Fund, 72, 74, 79.
Lady-birds destructive to bark lice. 38.
Lake Superior Copper. 123, 124, 126.
Lepidoptera of Colorado. 182.
Davenport, Lowa. 174.
Utah, 195
Wyoming. 189.
Librarian’s Report for 1875. 83.
Library Association, Davenport. 12, 47, 63, 64.

GENERAL INDEX. 281

Library Association, Workingmen’s. 12.
Catalogue of. 226.
Donations to. 222.
of Prof. Barris, Purchase of. 56, 57, 60, 67.
Loess of the Bluffs. 97.
Long Bones from Albany mounds. 114.
Longs Peak. Ascent of. 12.
Looms, Navajos. 182.
Lyell, Sir Charles, Resolution on the death of. 72.

Mammoth found in the Loess. 98.
Maple Bark Louse. 37.
Maple Wood, Record of a hail storm. 47.
Members, Corresponding, List of. 248.
Regular, List of. 244,
Meteoric Shower. 14.
Mica in the mounds. 73, 84, 105, :21, 135.
Mines of Utah. ‘6.
Mistletoe parasite. on black spruce. 36.
Models from Patent Office. 79, 80.
Momentum. 34, 75.
Mounds at Albany Il]. 49.51, 52 53,57 99, 104, 113.
Blackhawk’s Tower, Jie sSlalale
Buffalo, lowa. 73, 113.
Davenport, lowas 73, 1s: T18:
Duck Creek Iowa. 114.
Gilberttown, Iowa. 113, 114.
Henry County. [1]. 114.
Milan [ll]. 114.
Pine Creek, Iowa. 109, 112.
Rockingham, Iowa. 113.
Rock Island, [1]. 48.
Rock River. Ill. 114.
Shabney Grove, Ill. 114.
Toolesboro, lowa. 77, 78, 106, 110.
Whiteside County Ill. 99.
Construction of. 100, 101, 102, 106, 107. 109. 111, 115, 122.

Mound Builders (so called). 56. 73, 82,117 128, 143.
Age of. 73.
Bones of. 51, 52, 84 101 104, 112, 113, 114.
Care of sick. 142.
Crania. 51, 52, 54, 84, 100. 101, 104, 105, 107, 115, 116,
117, 1389, 140.
Diseases. 141.
Origin. 82.
Skeletons. 101, 102, 104, 105, 108, 110, 111.
Tibia. 141.
Teeth. 101.
Weaving and Spinning. 128.
See also CLoTH, CoprER, FLINT, GALENA, Mica, Pte-
MENTS, PipEs, PorrErRy, &c., &c.
Mountain Sheep. 70, 144.
Mahogony. 147.
Mount Nebo. 143. 193, 199.
Moquis Indians. 47, 143.
Mutilated bones in the mourds. 109, 113, 119, 188, 141.
Museum Condition of. 84.
Donations to. 217.

Negative writing by a little girl. 58. 7

282 GENERAL INDEX.

Neuroptera of Utah. 204.
Wyoming. 191.
Niagara Formation in lowa. 34.

Oak tree mound. 104.

Spontaneous grafting of. 57.

wood in the mounds. 106, 119.
Obsidian Arrow-heads. 78, 122, 136.
Odd Fellows’ Building. 54, 59.
Old Fort Ground at Tooiesboro. 109.
Ornamentation of Pottery. 187, 138.
Orthoptera collected by J. D. Putnam. 249.

Paul, Dr. John. Death of. 41.
Pearls from river shells. 108.
Pearl beads. 84.
Peat, Bed of Ancient. 97.
moss. 97.
Percussion caps. 9.
Photographing the Total Eclipse. 25, 29
Pigments of the Mound-Builders. 78, 119, 120, 185
Pine Creek Mounds. 109.
Pipes, Carved Stone, Mound-Builders’ 72, 107, 108, 111, 113, 119, 120,
122, 135.
Pottery of the Mound-Builders. 74 104, 105,108 109, 120, 121, 122, 137.
in Utah. 1458.
Pulley wheel, Earthen. 138.
Popo-agie River, Hieroglyphics near. 144.
Pre-historic Cremation Furnace. 64.
Pre-historic Man. 125.
President’s Annual Address. 19, 67, 85.
Primitive Rocks. 84.
Publication of Proceedings. 81, 83.

Quaking Springs of Missouri. 34.

Rabbits. 54.

Rattle-snakes. 188.

Railroad Grade. Excavations at. 13, 14, 16, 96.
Red pigment in the mounds. 119, 135.

Reindeer moss. 9.

Rickets among Mound-builders. 141.

Rifle Balls, Heating of. 30, 71, 91.

River Shells in mounds. 107, 112, 118, 136.
Roberts, R. W. Resolutions on death of. 71.
Rock Formations. Curious. 47.

Rooms, Academy. 12, 35, 51, 59, 60, 75, 77, 78, 86.

Sac and Fox Indians. 102, 106.
Sage brush Region, Coleoptera of. 202.
Salt Mud-flat in Utah, Coleoptera from. 1938, 200, 268.
Salt marsh in Kansas. 39.
Scorpions in Wyoming. 187.
Sea shelis in the mounds. 113, 118, 186.
Shell beads. 84.
Shell bed on Rock Island. 42.
Shells found at Davenport. 165.
Fresh-water. 39, 74, 85, 165.
Land. 85, 165.
Sea. 85, 113, 118, 186.
in yellow clay. 97
in mounds. 105, 108,112 118, 118, 136.

GENERAL INDEX. 283

Shoshone Indians. 145, 188, 192.
Siamese Twins. 58.
Sick, Mound-builders care of. 142.
Silver-ear pendant. 119.
in the mounds. 119, 132.
Sioux Indians. 117, 139, 140.
Skull cut for charms. 109.
Skuils. [See Crantra.]
Spring Lake Villa, Utah, Collections at. 146, 193, 202.
Spoon-like copper implement. 122, 138, 134.
Stone age. 123, 126.
Implements. 84, 108, 112, 113, 114, 124.
Pipes. 72, 73, 79, 84. e
Steaming Springs at Delhi, Lowa.
Star Mining District, Utah. 176.
Storms. 70.
Strata of the Bluffs. 96.
Summer Botanizing in the Wasatch Mountains. 145.
Summit Canon, Utah. 148, 193.
Surface stones in mounds. 111, 112, 1138.
Syphilis among the Mound-builders. 141.

Telescope, Purchase ofa. 12, 14, 16.
Texture of Mound-builders Cloth. 129, 135.
Thistle Valley, Utah. 144.

Tibia. Measurements of. 141.

Tides. Paperon. 40.

anys = 1233, ;
Toolesboro Mounds. 177, 78, 79, 106, 110.
Torrey, Prof. John. Obituary Notice. 44.
Treasurers Reports. 41, 55, 66, 838.

Tree Moss. 151.

Trephining. 121, 141.

True, David 8. Resolutions on Death of. 49.
Troy, Ancient. 128. .

Utah, Botany of. 68, 145.
Lake. 144,193 200.
Hieroglyphics. 144.
Entomology. 198.

Ute Indians. 144.

Valedictory Address by Dr. Parry. 19.
Venomous Serpents. 16.

Wasatch Mountains Botany of. 145.
Water cress. 148.
Wave Action. 80.
Weaving and Spinning by N. A. Indians. 128, 131, 132.
Whetstones in the mounds. 120.
Wigwams. 125.
Winchell Prof. Leeture by. 34.
Workingmen’s Library Association. 12.
Wyoming. Insects of. 187
Expedition to. 41, 187.
Hieroglyphics in. 144.

Yellow Clay, Shells in. 97.

Yellow pigment in mounds. 120.
Yellow ochre. 73.

Yellowstone National Park 187, 191.

Page 43Line 6

Le 109
: 1386
te 136
ce 142
be 164
UW: 165
us 166
5 66
“i 167
\ 168
¥é 171
LD Si brs
ss 171
ia "3
“ es

“6 “i

a 177
os 178
re 179
re 180
“c ‘i

“182
“191
“ 192
“210
“211

be 20

7 15
“ 630
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§c30
+186

ERRATA.

Insert ** Plate VII, fig. 7.”

For

ae

“

we

we

“ee

“ Plate VIL” read *‘ Plate XVI.”’

In the lower part of the last column of Table No. 1, erase the
decimal points.

ror*' Dolium” read ** Cassis.”

“ Mobt”’ we none:

Erase ‘*‘ the lower surface of.”

For *‘ Caex” read ** Carex.”

Lea” “ Lad Say.”

‘+ Planorbella” read *‘ Planorbula.”
Menteus”’ ‘© * Menetus.”
Insert under HELIcID&.

Helix striatella, Anthony.

a)

“ perspectiva, Say.

Pupa armifera, Say.
last line For *‘unulatus” read * lunulatus.”’

Line 4 Coccinella munda, Say = Cycioneda sanguinea, Linn.

‘ 23 Diplotaxis n.sp. = OD. innoxia, Zec.

‘© 39 Podabrus rugolosus, Lec = P. rugosulus, Lec.

“14 Bruchus near Seminatum — Mylabris near seminulum, Horn.
“ 622 «6©Phylotreta = Orchestris.

* 29 Baradius = Baris.

** 32, 33 Clytus = Cyllene.

“ 622 Xeleutus = Xyleutes.

‘* 34 Hydroporus catescopium, Say = H. griseostriatus, DeG.

‘© 22 Tribrachys caudis, Lec = T. caudicollis, Lec.

‘© 39 Clytus legcouonus, Lap Xylotrechus leucozonus, Lap.

* 40 Stenostota pergrata, Saf = Mecas pergrata, Say.

‘“ 16 Dendrocinus terebrans, Zec — Dendroctonus terebrans, Zac.
‘** 10 Brachys terminans, 7ab = B., aerosa, Melis.

“27 For ** Phrysonomia”’ read **‘ Phrynosoma.”’

OSD enor <a nema «tae

‘1 For ‘tAnthaphora” read “‘Anthophora,” and for *‘?” read “ 9.”

For some other corrections see page 267.

\)

ig

G0

Gd

END OF VOLUME ONE.

mo Ph AAT EON iO), PIA THs."

PLATE VI. Page.

Fig. daqCopper awl, Davenport. 1 4. .<44- san esas ce ree ke 59
3d ery i “from Mound No. 1, Cook farm group..... 119
He IS; e i st “on Credit Island
- 5 3 eS § My No 4, Shaw’s farm, Tooles-

DODO (LOW a oe ay gets p OO nae Ste: eae nie eee ee 107
“6. Copper awl from Mound No. 1, Shaw’s farm, Toolesbo-

TO} 2 LOWES fj) ce es ee tee be aetna finle A aeee aeie 108
“ 7,8, 9,10, 11. Copper awls from mound on Parsons’ farm,

Toglesboros Towats. tect ocd! aaa eer ee 1

Awls reduced \%.
“12. Copper bead or ear-pendant—full size, Mound 3, Cook

FANN isis: arn) eo) abe AMPS oo egos cin she on rene erage 119
“ 13, 14, 15. Copper beads; fig. 15 showing the cord preserved,

SAME MOUNG,« .:5.0'. 00 aa mavamteretoen eer ss oie ale one oeeienerees 119
‘ 16,17, 18. Copper beads; another variety, same mound...... 119
“ 19; 30. Copper ear-drops? Bame: Mound. <2 215. san tt) eee 134
«2. «“Silver K BANE NOUN. cos) cv cryeiclee toe etre 133-4
“22. Copper implement showing a silvering and milling

along the edges: From same mound, but probably
from the upper portion where the Indian bones and
relics were found....... Oe ES sae, ss os0a aoa eee 134

PLATE V I).
Fig. 1, lv. Bone implement or charm; imitation of canine tooth
of grizzly bear, from Mound No. 3, Albany, Ills. 105&137
“2. Canine tooth of bear, from Mound No. 2, Cook farm

QTOUD: < Gree eee naa Se Ree. <(s0's so ae cers custs 119
ne 3. Horn implement from Mound 4, Rock River, Ills..... 112
4. st « eee MOOIES POLOMMOUNC.,. 6 fo. s, ecsap sake 111

a 5. < ra “Rock River mound
: 6. Flat bone “ knife” from mound on Parsons’ farm..... 116
ac 7. Bone awl, from the shell-bed at East Davenport ...... 43
8. Bone from Mound 5, Cook farm, full size........ .... 121
“9. Fragment of skull from mound near Pine Creek...... 109

See “ Cranial Amulets,” Pop. Science Monthly, Sept. 1875.)
All reduced % except fig 8, which is full size.

PuatTe VIII
Fig. 1. Earthen jar, from Mound No. 3, Cook farm group ... 137
¢ 2. Earthen pot, ‘“ - Loe Ween © es "ee
3. Earthen pot, “ Ke Gate oulvoeks Riven... si, 112

4. Fragment of pottery, from a mound.
, da. Wheel of pottery, from mound in Rockingham Town.

or

6. Flat discoidal sandstone, with circles marked on it,
from a mound on Cook farm.

In the following Plates are presented illustrations of some of the
principal forms of flint and stone implements in the Museum of the
Academy of which no detailed description has been given.

Phare LX. Page.
Fig 1. Spear of dark, translucent hornstone, from a mound on
Smith’s Island, Pleasant Valley, Lowa, collected by
Capt. W. P. Hall.
« 2. Light flint, with brown specks, from Mound 9, Cone farm 122
“3. ~Very white flint, See Se re Lakes
<< 45) (Black flint. cs st aie eh ‘120
5. Gray flint, from mound on Parsons’ farm Toolesboro.. 1i1
a 6. Blue flint from Mound No. 5, Shaw’s farm, Toolesboro.
All full size.

PLATE UX.
Fig. 1. Arrow of light colored flint from Mound No. 1, Alba-
hfe Weber ane Hab Cao SEEL iodaot heaub odo Ue enoe 102
“t 2. Arrow of black obsidian from Mound No. 9, Cook
PATI i oterc peel ino eae ane a a eG RS aa Aaah wees, OO
2 3. Arrow of white flint, higen Mound No. 9, Cook farm.. 136
rs 4. = “ translucent, from Toolesboro Mounds.
= 5 o “brown tinted, from Mound 3, Cook farm.
(ihe reddish brown, from Toolesboro.
“97,9: ‘“ light colored, # e
ad, 10. ss gray flint, “Mound 3, Cook farm.
lett i fe dingy white flint,“ “ ie 3
All full size.
PLATE XI.
Fig. 1. Light brown, translucent quartz; from Platte River, Neb.
a 2 Black obsidian, (Same aatie 2, Pl. X).. 7 <.02 we one 136
oy 3. Moss agate arrow, from railroad excavation near Denver.

,5, 6,7 Black obsidian, from Utah.
cae Flints from St. George, Utah; being six of the more pe-

culiar forms contained in a collection of over fifty.
Full size.

PuateE XII.
Fig 1. Arrow or spear of reddish flint or chert, from a mound on
Rock River, near Milan.
2. Grayish white flint, worked to a sharp edge all around the
base.

oo

-3 7)

Light colored flint, sharp edge all around.

A dingy white flint.

Dark slate colored flint, with a shallow groove worked
across on one side.
Full size.

PuaTE XIII.
Arrow of white flint, very thin and flat.
Arrow of white flint, the shaded portions being of a dark
slate color.
Gray flint, with black specks and worked quite smooth.
White flint, shaded with horn color.
Black flint.
White flint. :
Rose tinted white flint; Rapids City, Ils.
Full size.

Puate XIV.

Light buff colored flint knife, very flat, average thickness
about 1g inch; from Wyalusing, Wis.

Grayish white flint, very evenly convex on both sides;
from Green River, Illinois.

White flint, translucent.

Gray flint, very thick.

Light gray flint sliver, the narrow part worked down near-
ly round.

Bluish chert, with irregular black veins.

Black flint
Light flint, very sharp edges.
Full size.
PLATE XV.

’ Flint implement, (shovel?) polished on both, sides at the

wider end and about one-third of its length, with very fine
longitudinal strie showing the wear which produced the
polish to have been in that direction.

More convex side.

The flatter side.

Longitudinal section.

Transverse section.

[See description of similar implements by Chas. Rau; Smithsonian
Annual Reports, 1868 & 1868 ]

Flint implement—very sharp and smooth at the rounded
end.

PLATE XVI.

Figs. 1, lv. An implement of dark indurated slate, (probably) which
was found at Moline, Ills.
“ 2, 2a. Brown hematite, very smooth and perfect. Found at Pleas-
ant Valley, Iowa.

3, 8a. White fiint, plano-convex, or rather conical. Found on
Credit Island, near Davenport.

“ 4,40. White flint, plano-convex, from the old fort ground at

Mooleshoro; Lo wales) sas,.02 «acres fa bage, 109

‘e 5. This is a drawing from a cast in the Museum of the Acade-

my. The original is a very dark, indurated slate. The

hole is not drilled entirely through, but to the depth of

about 3g of an inch on each side. It wes found in Ohio,

and is in the cabinet of Griswold College, this city.
All full size.

PuaTeE XVII.

Figs. 1,1, 1. Side view, view of concave surface, and cross section of an
implement of light colored granite, very smooth and sym-
metrical. Found near Davenport.

2, 2,2. Side view, longitudinal and cross sections of an imple-
ment of green-stone or trap; worked quite smooth from
the middle to the sharpened end, the edges very square.
Rapids City, Ills.

3,3. Side view and longitudinal section of an implement of

green-stone, very smooth Le Claire, Iowa.
Scale 4.

PLATE XVIII.
Figs. 1, 1, 1 Side view, longitudinal and cross sections of an axe of
light colored granite found near Davenport.
2. Grooved stone; light colored granite, nearly spherical,
found at Davenport.

3,3. Side and end views of a similar but smaller one of green-

stone. Le Claire, Iowa.
w 4. Side view and cross section of a finely wrought implement

of reddish quartzite, found at Davenport.
Scale \%.

PLATE XIX.

Fig. 1 Side view and longitudinal section of a smoothly wrough®
green-stone implement, found at Rapids City, Ils.

“2,2, 2. Side view, longitudinal and cross sections of a green-stone
implement very smooth and perfect. Rapids City.

Figs. 3,3. Side view and longitudinal section of an axe of very dark
green-stone, having a groove of peculiar form.
4. Side view of a stone pestle or grinding stone, of light trap
rock, from Rising Sun, Indiana.
5. Section of a discoidal stone of rather soft, light colored
sand-stone. Port Byron, Ills.
Scale %.

PLATE XX. Page.

Side, back, and top views of three skulls obtained
from Mound No. i AIPAMY BYOU Pisce oes sis eure otal 101
Skull No. 38 has the lower jaw entire and the full set
of 32teeth perfectly preserved.
144 natural size.

PLATE XXI.

Figs. 4,5, 6,7. Skulls from Mound No.1, Albany, Ills......... 101
26. Skull from the shell bed at lower end of the island of
Rock Tsland.., ‘Scale: yin iat cues tec scare icv a arereeee 42

[A section of the cut where it was found is shown in
Plate XXVI, fig. 1.]

PLATE XXII.
Fig 9. Side and back views of a skull from Rock River,

Mound) NO. Wiss 5 oss onlcteral en-us cheese mere een eee 111
“ 10, 18. Skulls from same group, Mound No. 2...... ao oes 112
Calle Skulls: cs f SO lai eretroea orotate 112
Scale 4.
PuatTE XXIII.
Figs. 12,13. Skulls from Rock River Mound No. 3....... sa ce allie
ee 14. Skull from mound at Shabney Grove, Henry Co., Ils. 114
Scale 4.
PLATE XXIV.
Figs. 15, 16,17. Skulls from mounds in Henry Co., Ills,....... 114
1952012 Skulls from Rock River) Mound Nios 3,.5) secre 112

Scale 14.

PLATE XXYV.
Figs. 21, 22. Skulls from mounds in Henry Co., Ils.
( 238- SkulliifromvAl bani moundssarrcas ernie mesa 114

.
Fig. 24. Skull from Rock River mound, No. 4............. Page 114

to}
OD ESI lot OmMNRLO Gk IVeCNIMOMMdoIN@:;.454deae seb os. ss. a bs
Scale 4.

PLATE XXVI.
Fig. 1. Section of the strata near the foot of the island where the skull
and bones and horn were found, described on page 42.
a. Some loose earth which had been placed there within a few years.
b. The black surface soil, undisturbed
c. The shell-bed at the bottom of which the skull was found, 77 place
d. Gravelly drift
e. Limestone rock.
Fig. 2.° Section and plan of the mound described on pages 64 & 65
(see note for explanations).

PiaTeE XXVII.
7 > = .
Hieroglyphics cut in a sandstone cliffnear Murphy’s Ranch on Little
Popo-agie River, Wyoming. See page 145.

PuaTEs XX VIII—XXIX—XXX.
Hieroglyphics picked into large rounded boulders near the mouth of
Summit Canon, Utah Co., Utah. See page 143.

PLateE XXXI.

Figs. 1a, 1b. . Views of a Unio found near Rock Island, and described
on pages 167-168. ‘The engraving represents the line of
nodes too strongly marked, especially on the lower half.

“2a, 2h, etc. Fossil Pentamerus (sp.?) found in the Niagara lime-
stone at St. Charles, Kane Ce., Ills.
2b, and 2¢, are two views of the same specimen.
The others are all representations of different speci-
mens. None were found very perfect.

PuatE XXXII.
Section of the bluff two miles west of the city of Davenport, ex-
posed by the C. R. I. & P. R. R. excavation. See page 96.
Fig. 1. Recent surface soil.

rh 2. Loess, or yellow clay.
= 3. Light ash-colored clay.
2 4. Peat.

“ 5. Black soil.

4 q ¥ in — ¥ ‘i a).
oa Bala a
’ y @ Lets 4
; bal’:
¢ We fe Le
; iy D2 AM ves)
Fig. 6. Boulder drift. : bg

R. R. Bottom of grade at this time (1869.)
‘y. Position of the tusk, teeth and some bones of. Blep

primigentus. wit j
». Ancient ditch, .

Piare XXXII. tia

Copper ake Nol ie 2 he eee ee Sana 122
_ ft - ; ,
PLATE XXXIV. ve
Upper figure, stone pipe No. 4.... .........-. ...Page 1%
Lower figure, stone pipe No. 5. beeen nese a

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