by the Ontario Department of Agriculture, Toronto.) g § i ee fe PRINTED BY ORDER OF |) ae ees : | : ISLATIVE. ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO. : 4 aa ' ) TORONTO: ie L. K. CAMERON, Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty. 1906. 7 Twine | By : “ . ta Printed by L. K. CAMERON, SP Se oie cel es ae Thirty-Sixth Annual Report OF THE OF 1905. TORONTO: Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty. 1906. ew ye. & . ‘§ at a . S444 ; 7 Ray AEs a Tae Fe i ice i eh ne > « ; x e . ie ih re! > x pa * ” i | t ; ‘ Ac ' i} ‘ 46| : ’ z, APR - » 1969 Vy 9 b, <\ CRsity of ORS alee A fl S ht WARWICK BRO’S & RUTTER, Limitep, Prrintsrs, ) TORONTO. PS iy sha PB br 5 , x ih . tah ik ae a re , 4 s4 as Rae Ee | " ya ER PDO Ly ' ; inne a in irae aie Ns | “A, AY ci us F - 4 ; at ig ae x. aff ‘> 8 ' ‘ Bp! y a rie ae >. SE 3 ‘i Ho orable Witi1aM Mortimer Cxrarke, K.C., i ae "? Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. - ct, EASE Your Honor: i adersigned begs to present herewith for the consideration of His 7 e Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 1905. os Respectfully submitted, * ve NELSON MONTEITH, Minister of Agriculture. [3] CONTENTS. IDETNER © OF, TRANSMISSION @ .<22 50 -nc sete Gee cece es ss ooen Rc tte Sak won saat eee ROERTORES FOR | 1905-6 iat pcculecce tote ee tes eee Soe een ARE een ean ok eae gee Annvcat MEETING oF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.............0.00-.0ec0eee ee Reports on Insects of the Year—Division No. 1, C. H. Youne......................+- a $ Division No:2, C.23. (GRANT.. .2:2-5..-.-0:-5- see = * f Division No. 3, J. B. Wra1ame ............... . = Ke Division No. 5, C. J. S. Bergune ............2 Diseussion “of the “Directors’ Reports: \...:5.-.22..0ces2de-- dere sags sac soncys ee ete -+ ee eee hes Pussocks:, Rev: THos: W. yrs) 2.52... G2 see. cae ee ee : The Tussock Moth Situation in Montreal: Henry H. Lyman ...................-- Entomological Conditions in North Carolina: FRanKrin SHERMAN, JR......... Experiments Against the San Jose Scale in 1905: Wt. Locnueap ............... A Review of the Mosquito Work in New Jersey: JoHN B. Smith .................. HMsxhibit -OF ‘Speckmens .....l26. 22. se ease sens <2 ee eens eo ee ee Report. of ‘the Council <.c....2.2. 5502 icp capes danceece ces ceeasn ae sence oh eee ss a Quebec. Branch (3)... ee Roronty, Branch)... cos coesect este esteceke Sa ne ss Guelph’ ‘Branch-3:7- tes... 2s PEA ee : cs ame Librarian and. Curator’ <4 2 o.-..:~:: rted to slake with six gallons of water, and while slaking, the sulphur, which had just previously been made into a thin paste with hot water, was added and thoroughly mixed in with the slaking lime. To prolong the boiling of the wash, the caustic soda ' was then added with water as needed, and the whole mixture was kept thor- * oughly stirred. As soon as the chemical action had ceased the required amount of water was added, when the mixture was ready to use. Aside from the heating of the water, the cooking of the wash was done in a tub or barrel, ‘and took from ten to twelve minutes. In some preparations, especially when hot water was used to start the slaking of the lime, not all of the stated amount of caustic soda was employed, but six pounds was the minimum. Dr. Felt, New York State Entomologist, writing under date of Oct. 30th this year, advocates the employment of a lime-sulphur wash composed of 20 pounds of lime, 15 pounds of sulphur, and 40 gallons of water, bringing about the combination either by using 10 or 12 pounds of sal soda and start- ing the action by hot water in a barrel, or by boiling for at least 30 minutes. Tt will be noted that salt has not been used in the preparation of any of these mixtures. In the preliminary experiments carried out three years ago by Mr. G. E. Fisher, he came to the conclusion that the presence of the salt added to the expense, made the wash more difficult to spray, and increased its corrosive action on*the metal parts of the pump; while it failed to be any more effective as a destroyer of scale, or more adhesive to the bark of the tree. Whether these conclusions will be borne out by future experiments remains to be seen, but some observations made this year show that probably the presence of the salt is beneficial, and it would be advisable to conduct experiments this coming season to test this very point. My observations this season would, I think, incline me to believe that the presence of salt renders the wash more adhesive, and hence more effec- tive. I found, as a rule, that in those orchards where the mixture adhered longest and best to the bark the scale had made but little progress. It would appear that the adhesiveness of the wash is a large factor in its effectiveness. The tremendous reproduction of the scale that occurs in Sep- tember and October can hardly be checked, or the spread prevented, unless the bark has a coating which is either distasteful or harmful to the crawling larve. For this very reason that the bark is made clean and enticing to the larve during the last months of the growing season, other remedies fail to keep the scale in check, when only one application was made and that appli- cation in the spring just before the buds opened. As to the results of the season’s experiments with lime-sulphur, it may be stated in a general way that little or no difference could be observed be- tween the effectiveness of the cooked and uncooked washes. Some orchards _ that had been treated with the cooked wash showed more scale at the end of the season than at the beginning, and the same results were observed in 30 THE REPORT OR? LHE No. 19 some orchards treated with the uncooked wash. On the other hand, it should be stated that both washes gave good results in many orchards. The reason for this variation in results is difficult to find; for example, Mr. W. H. Bunt- ing of St. Catharines, who did not check the development of the scale with the cooked wash, is a most careful and thorough sprayer. On examination of Mr. Bunting’s plum, peach, pear, and apple orchard in late October, Mr. P. W. Hodgetts and myself found the scale more abundant and more wide spread than at the close of any previous season. Like results were observed in Mr. Bunting’s orchard at his home in St. Catharines. The scale had spread and partly encrusted many trees in spite of treatment with the cooked wash in the spring. Mr. Titterington’s orchard composed of peach and plum chiefly, just across the Welland Canal, was sprayed also in the spring with the cooked lime-sulphur wash. The trees near the road at the south end were fairly free from scale, but many trees at the north end were quite badly infested. Mr. Irvine, near Queenston, on the Queenston Road, used the cooked lime-sulphur wash prepared according to the usual formula. ‘The results might he said to be good in spite of the fact that there is now a sprinkling of scale in his peach orchard. Many of his Japan plums and a few of his peach trees, however, are badly infested. Mr. Muir, of Virgil, also sprayed with the cooked wash and speaks very highly of its merits. Cer- tainly the condition of his trees at the end of October would seem to justify his opinion, for there was but a slight scattering of scale. This is saying a good deal when we remember that the scale is very bad throughout the Virgil district. In Mr. Muir’s orchard the wash on the bark was quite visible in most of the trees up to the end of the season. Mr. Lambert’s orchard near the Welland Canal was sprayed thoroughly in early spring with the cooked lime-sulphur-salt wash. Two rows of Japan plums, badly encrusted last season, were in good condition, and the scale was not abundant. These trees showed very plainly the wash at the end of the season, and were perhaps the best in this regard of all the trees we ex- amined. To my mind the presence of the salt made the wash more adhesive than that applied by his neighbors; moreover, it is very likely due to the extra adhesiveness of this wash that the scale was so reduced in numbers. In the peach orchards of Mr. Porter Adams, on the Queenston road, near Queenston, the uncooked lime-sulphur wash was used. The results were good, although there was a slight sprinkling of scale throughout his orchard. Un- treated trees were very bad, the bark being wholly encrusted. An interesting observation in this orchard is worth recording. There were three, and only three so far as we could find, badly injured peach trees in the sprayed orch- ard, and these were not close to one another. These received the same appli- cation as the other trees, but they are now encrusted with scale. Mr. Bradley, near Mr. Adams, was not so successful with the uncooked wash. We are told, however, that the trees received a one-sided application on account of the high winds that prevailed at the time of spraying. The older trees of this orchard are now badly infested. Mr. C. A. Secord used the uncooked lime-sulphur wash in his fine 16-acre peach orchard, and secured excellent results. Scale was there, but it was rather hard to find. The owner is perfectly satisfied with the results, and will use a similar wash next spring. Mr. Beattie, Scale Inspector, of St. Catharines, tried Scalecide, Carl- son’s Mixture, and the uncooked lime-sulphur wash in his own orchard. a 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 31 After examination of the trees we concluded that the last wash gave the best results, although scale was plentiful on all his trees in October, at the time of our visit. As part of the experimental work for 1905, in addition to the lime-sul- phur washes, Mr. P. W. Hodgetts and myself tried some new mixtures which had been advocated, viz., Carlson’s Mirture, and Pratt’s Scalecide. In the peach orchard of the Industrial Home near St. Catharines, Carl- son’s Mixture, kerosene-flour, and uncooked lime-sulphur were used. The first two did not give satisfactory results, for scales were very abundant on trees treated by these mixtures; the last, viz., the uncooked lime-sulphur, in our opinion, did its work well, for scales were very scarce on trees treated by it. Here again, the wash was quite evident on the bark to the end of the season. The condition of these trees is remarkable when we bear in mind that across the fence is an untreated peach orchard which is terribly encrust- ed and rapidly dying. The few trees left untreated as checks are now very badly encrusted. As I have already stated neither Scalecide nor Carlson’s Mixture gave as good results in Mr. Beaitie’s orchard as the uncooked lime-sulphur. It appeared to us that in this orchard Carlson gave better results than Scalecide. Carlson’s Mixture and the kerosene-flour emulsion were also tried in a _ peach orchard belonging to Jas. Hutchison, near Virgil, the bulk of the orchard, however, remaining untreated. Results were far from satisfactory with both mixtures, the treated trees showing serious incrustation, although not quite as bad as those left untreated. This orchard furnishes an instance of the awtul multiplication of scale in a single season. When the trees were sprayed on April 19th, a record was made in our note books to the effect that the orchard was comparatively free from scale, yet on October 24th, when we examined the orchard, the trees were very badly encrusted. Sealecide and Carlson’s Mixture were applied to some Japan plum trees belonging to Mr. Porter Adams, Queenston. Results were not satis- factory, as the trees are now badly infested. A few Bartlett pear trees in Mr. Hodgett’s garden, St. Catharines, were sprayed with the summer strength of Scalecide, but the results showed it powerless to control the scale. Mr. Henry Kottmeier used Carlson’s mixture on his plum orchard, but the results here too were far from satisfactory, and the majority of the trees are now badly infested. In a small orchard near Mr. Kottmeier’s, Carlson’s Summer Mixture was applied, but it was not able to any extent to prevent the scale from multi- plying. The treated trees are now badly infested. _Other examples of treated orchards might be stated, but enough has been given to show the values of the different mixtures as scale destroyers. None of the new mixtures, such as Carlson’s, Pratt’s Scalecide, or the kerosene- flour emulsion, can be recommended to the fruit-growers as effective remedies for the San Jose Scale. The lime-sulphur washes gave better results in every case that came under our observation. We are not in a position to decide definitely whether the uncooked lime- sulphur wash or the cooked wash is the better remedy. To us it would appear that the personality of the man who makes and applies the wash counts in most cases for success or failure. Careful preparation of the wash according to formula, the use of good rapid-slaking stone lime, and thorough application to the trees will in nine cases out of ten check the scale completely. More- over, we are of the opinion that the addition of salt to the wash would increase its adhesive qualities, and add to its effectiveness. 32 THE; “REPORT OF THE No. 19 Fig. 12. San Jose scale: an infested twig, scales and larye on bark—much enlarged. (After Howard and Marlatt. ) . Pror, J. B. SMITH, upon being called upon by the Chairman, said that it was evident that the experience in dealing with the scale was in no two places the same. In New Jersey it was found that the effect of spraying with lime and sulphur was slow and cumulative; if properly done, no young were produced, and the results were very satisfactory. In Georgia, in a large orchard, containing over half a million trees, the lime and sulphur wash © was used without any salt and with a larger proportion of lime than usual; the mixture, it was found, did not adhere so well to the trees. The next time salt was added to the mixture, but not much difference was to be seen in the results. The addition of salt made it spray more easily and spread better. In Georgia and elsewhere many fruit-growers think that the appli- cation of the lime and sulphur wash spoils the trees, and therefore they prefer to use the oil treatment, either crude petroleum or kerosene. Pratt’s Seale- cide, a preparation of soluble petroleum, was found satisfactory. With lime and sulphur he found that the thinner the wash the better it penetrated: he recommended boiling the mixture because by so doing good results can be secured even with bad workmanship and inferior materials, and using equal parts of lime and sulphur. This mixture was effective on peach and plum trees. but was no good on apple and pear trees. An apple orchard was treated with this wash, and in June the trees were still coated, but they did not bear an apple worth marketing on account of the scales that covered them. For apple and pear trees he recommended the oil treatment, using one part of petroleum with twenty of water. Spraying should be done‘as early as possible in the fall because many of the scales were still active and they were not so closelv adherent to the trees as later on in the winter; the oil could therefore get at them better and destroy the insects. This method was very effective in keeping the scale in check, and we could not hope for ex- termination. 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 33 Dr. FiLetrcuer, the chairman, in closing the discussion, said that it was evident that good results can be obtained in the contest with the San Jose Seale by using the crude petroleum treatment on apple trees and the lime and sulphur wash on peach and plum. EVENING SESSION. Wednesday, October 18th, 1905. A public meeting was held in the Massey Hall at the Ontario Agricul- tural College, at 8 o’clock p.m., and was largely attended by members of the Society, students of the College and Macdonald Institute, and visitors from ile city of Guelph. The chair was taken by Dr. Fletcher, the Vice-Presi- ent. ; PRESIDENT CREELMAN welcomed the Society to the Ontario Agricultural College and gave an outline of the different departments of work in it and the affiliated Macdonald Institute. They might be regarded as forming three main divisions: the College for training farmers’ sons in all that relates to agriculture; the Farm for growing farm products and carrying on expcri- menis in the cultivation of all manner of field crops, fruits and vegetables, _ the raising of stock, etc.; the Macdonald Institute, with its two-fold objects ' of training teachers from rural schools in nature study and elementary agri- culture. for which purpose 45 or 50 came three times a year, and of teaching farmers’ daughters the best methods of performing household work, such as cooking, sewing, laundry-work, dressmaking, millinery, etc. Two of their departments of work could hardly fail to strike the average _ man, these were Agronomy or Field Agriculture, and Animal Husbandry; in the former, seeds of all kinds from all parts of the world are tried and their suitability for this Province tested. Experiments have been going on for some twenty years, some plants are found to be no good and are cast aside, others are useful forms or improvemenis on those in ordinary cultiva- tion and are duly propagated and made known as widely as possible. About 2,000 plots are employed for this purpose and careful records are kept of each. The value of Animal Husbandry may be gathered from the fact that about eighty per cent. of the produce of farms is fed to live stock; it is therefore most important that farmers should know what is the best breed for his pur- poses and how the animals should be most advantageously fed and treated. In the spring two hundred farmers are brought here and shewn stock from both the farm and the neighbourhood, in order that they may learn all about them. Other departments that may be briefly referred to are those of Chem- istry for the analysis of soils, food products, fertilizers, etc.; Physics; Bacter- iology; Horticulture for testing all sorts of fruits and vegetables; Dairying, a most important department, as it is worth millions of dollars to Ontario that the best butter and cheese should be made and exported; Poultry raising, for teaching the best methods and so reaping the largest profits. The College is now visited in the month of June each year by farmers and their families to the number of 25,000 to 30,000, who are brought here from all over the Province by special excursion trains. Few of them _ probably return to their homes without having learnt something that they ean turn to practical advantage in their own work. The College, too, is filled with young men who are taking long or short courses of study, and who go back to the farms with a training ‘hat will make them more progressive and successful workers, and who will influence for good all those in their own neighbourhood. é; Pane 3, EN, mek > S 34. THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 ——— ————— ———— = >. oS 4 Dr. FLETCHER, in reply, spoke of ihe high position the College had at- tained in public estimation and the great value of its work in improving in all departmenis the agriculture of the country. While its object was largely to teach how to increase and improve the products of the farm, the work of the Entomological Society was devoted to the saving of a proportion of the crops that would otherwise be destroyed by insects and be a serious loss te the farmer. Mr. B. Bartow, the President of the Wellington Field Naturalists Club, welcomed the Society to Guelph and extended the cordial greetings of the Club. In the course of his remarks he mentioned that the Club had now been organized for five years, and during that time had devoted itself to the study of the fauna and flora of the County of Wellington, the aim being to make in time a complete biological survey of the district. So far, they had formed a list of over 200 birds observed in the county, with a record of dates, breeding, numbers, etc., and were not likely to add many more to it. In botany, flowers, plants, grasses, ferns, sedges, ete., were being collected and studied; fishes and other aquatic animals, mammals such as squirrels. moles, mice, etc., were also under observation. Fortnightly meetings were held either in the town or at the College and were well attended. He spoke with much gratification of the formation of the new Guelph branch of the Entomological Society, which had been completed this morning, and with which the Club would work hand in hand. Dr. FLETCHER acknowledged the kind greetings of the Club and stated that it was now widely known and had established an excellent reputation for careful work and accurate records. He then introduced the lecturer of the evening, Dr. Jonn B. Surru, Professor of Entomology at Rutgers’ Col- lege, New Jersey, and head of the Entomological Department of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station, a notable entomologist of world-wide reputation, one who was distinguished for his scientific work on nocturnal lepidoptera, his practical work in economic entomology and his important researches regarding mosquitoes and public work for their exter- _ mination in some badly infested regions on the coast of New Jersey. The following is a brief abstract of Prof. Smith’s lecture, which was illustrated with a large number of lantern slides made from original photo- graphs and drawings. . 4 7 , ~ mi : A REVIEW OF THE MOSQUITO WORK IN NEW JERSEY.* By Joun B. Sir. Mosquitoes are essentially aquatic in the larval stage and none have yet been found that form an exception to this rule. As the larve of nearly all the troublesome species are known, and all breed in water, it is safe to plan for practical work on the assumption that the habit is universal. . Of the adult mosquitoes only the females bite, the lancet-like structures being undeveloped in the male which, necessarily, subsists on plant juices only. When a mosquito bites, it injects into the wound a minute drop of poison (saliva) and this seems to break up the blood structure so that it no lenger forms a clot: a smear from the mosquito stomach spreads out thin and dries to a brittle scale. That mosquitoes are active agents in the transmission of certain febrile diseases is no longer seriously questioned and, in general, it is agreed that *Abstract of a lecture delivered at the evening meeting, Oct. 18th and illustrated with lantern. slides. - ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 35 they are also the only agents; the life cycle of the malarial Plasmodia _ being now fully understood. In a patient suffering from malaria the single celled protozoéns are present in the red blood corpuscles, each of which fur- nishes nutriment for one Plasmodium which matures and reaches the repro- ductive or sporulating stage in 24, 48 or 72 hours, accordinz to its kind. __ When ripe, the cell bursts and the pores are discharged into the blood serum. _ Asall the organisms mature at practically one time, this general sporulation upsets body conditions and a ‘‘chill’’ results. The spores work their way into new corpuscles and the cycle is repeated. After a time bodies are pro- duced that make no attempt to enter new corpuscles; but remain in the blood serum. These are the ‘‘gametes’’ or sexed forms of the animal and. they undergo no further development in man. If an Anopheles maculipennis now bites the patient, it will take in with the blood some of these gametes which, _ as soon as they get into the mosquito stomach differentiate. The smaller forms or micro-gametes produce “‘flagelle,’? which break off and conjugate 5 with the larger or macro-gametes, the product of the union forming a ‘‘ver- micule,’’ which works into the tissue of the mosquito stomach. This developes into a ‘‘zygote”’ and, in about a week that becomes mature, bursts and liber- ates into the body cavity, thousands of ‘‘blasts’’ which, sooner or later find _ their way into the salivary glands. Now, when such a diseased mosquito’ bites a healthy subject, some of the ‘‘blasts’’ are introduced into the wound _ with the saliva and, if the subject is susceptible, a case of malaria is estab- lished; the “‘blasts’’ working their way into the red blood corpuscles and Be starting the vegetative cycle. i uJ The species of Anopheles select quiet pools of water bodies as breeding places and, floating on the surface can maintain themselves in shallows out of reach of most fish. The adults do not fly far and local work is likely to be be effective. e. Some mosquitoes migrate or fly for long distances from their breeding € places and among those are the species that breed in the salt marshes which ' occur so generally along the New Jersey coast. These breed as readily in salt as they do in fresh water and their influence extends inland 40 miles at least. In New Jersey this species is dealt with by ditching work, which gets _ Tid of surface water before the larve have a chance to develop. The eggs of these migratory species are laid in the marsh mud and in that stage they _ pass the winter. The high tides of spring furnish water for their development and the broods begin early in May. The specimens that fly far inland are $y all females, and all of the migrants are infertile. Filling as well as ditching is practised in some places, and much of the Brooklyn rubbish is gathered in huge tanks, transported on trolley flat cars and dumped on the marshes of Gravesend Bay near Coney Island, N.Y., to the material advance of comfort in that resort. The common house mosquito, Culex pipiens, breeds anywhere and in liquids of all kinds from decently clean water to sewage and even liquid manure. It forms an egg boat and is the only species that agrees in all re- - spects with the early published accounts of mosquitoes. It is not a carrier f any disease known in our climate and it is more as a first class nuisance than as a danger to health that it challenges attention. Local work is very effective against this species, and, indeed, only local work is hkely to be of any benefit, since the species is not a traveller. <3 There is no sort of place where water occurs where mosquitoes will not _ breed, and even tree holes have their own fauna. In New Jersey one species of Anopheles and two species of Culex occur nowhere else. 36 THE. REPORT. OF THE No. 19 The most marked recognition of the mosquito danger ever displayed was in the fight carried on against the recent epidemic of yellow fever at New Orleans, La. The surgeons in charge accepted the theory of transmission by Stegomyza only and bent all their efforts first, to the destruction of the Stegomyta, and second, to protecting patients and others from mosquito dites. As to the habits, ete., of this species I must speak at second hand, since it © does not occur in New Jersey. MOSQUITOES. r Fig. 13. Mosquito (Culex pungens) egg-mass above, with much enlarged eggs at left ; larvee on right and below. (After Howard, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. ) Fig. 14. Adult Mosquitoes at rest : Culex at left, Anopheles at right. (From U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. ) 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 37 q y y 6 t. €. Pd Fig. 15. Mosquitoes (Culex pungens) : female above, male below—different forms of seales. All greatly enlarged (after Howard, U. 8. Dept. of Agriculture. ) : At the close of the lecture which was listened to with marked attention and interest by the large audience, a hearty vote of thanks to Prof. Smith was proposed by Mr. C. ©. James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for ¥ - Ontario, seconded by the Rey. Dr. Fyles, of Quebec, and enthusiastically _____ adopted by the meeting. 38 THE »REPORT OF ~THE No. 19 SECOND DAY’S SESSION. Thursday, October 19th, 1905. The Vice-President, Dr. Fletcher, took the chair at 10 o’clock a. m. There were forty-six persons present and this number was increased during the morning. Mr. T. D. Jarvis, Lecturer in Entomology at the Agricultural College, read papers, illustrated by specimens, on insects collected in Jamaica; two species of Saw-flies (Lvda) taken at the College Farm; notes on the genus hytoptus; three species of bumble bees that fertilize red clover at Guelph; notes on two species of Fenusa; and Parasites of the Abittibi country. Papers were also read, and will be found in subsequent pages of this report, by Dr. Fyles on forest insects; Mr. A. Gibson on insects of flowering plants; Mr. Lyman on the Formation of an Entomologist’s Union;* Mr. Zavitz on some forest insects; also a paper sent by Mr. J. Stevenson of Montreal on insects of the season. During the sessions a large number of rare and interesting specimens were on exhibition and attracted much attention. Mention may be made c? the following : _ By Professor Sherman: some small collections of recent captures of local insects, to show his system of labelling; among them was a remarkable form of Pyrameis cardut, the Painted-lady butterfly. By Mr. Zavitz: a large number of wood-boring insects (Cerambycidz) collected at Ridgeway, Ont. By Mr. T. D. Jarvis: a number of Jamaican inseets, sawflies and other insects, referred to in his papers, taken at Guelph. By Mr. Lyman: a case of lepidoptera in which were interesting speci- mens of Gortyna and other noctuids, and also some rare diurnal Lepidoptera. By Dr. Fyles: a number of forest insects in illustration of his paper. By Mr. Young: a magnificent case containing over a thousand speci- mens of Micro-lepidoptera all most beautifully spread and mounted; also a number of Noctuids—these were all collected at Ottawa during the season of 1905. He also exhibited some living specimens of the grotesque pupe of Feniseca Tarquinius. By Dr. Fletcher: a collection of Lepidoptera made in the Yukon Territory by Mr. J. Keele of the Dominion Geological Survey Department; this included Colias Boothii and Pelidne, Erebia Magdalena and Disa. ; By Mr. A. Gibson: a case of rare lepidoptera, inflated larve, and living larve of Apantesis vittata received from Mr. E. Denny of Montreal. By Mr. C. W. Nash: specimens of a remarkable fungus growth (Cordy- ceps) on wire-worms. Many of these exhibits will be found recorded, with dates and other particulars, in the ‘‘Entomological Record for 1905.” *Published in the Canadian Entomologist, a 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL | SOCIETY. 39 nt REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. P . . a The Council of the Entomological Society of Ontario begs to present its report for the year 1904-5. The forty-first annual meeting of the Society was held in London on the 26th and 27th of October, 1904, and was well attended by local members _ as well as by many from a distance. There were also present Prof. H. F. Wickham, of the University of Iowa, Lowa City, an eminent coleopterist ; and an honorary member of the Society, and Mr. T. N. Willing, Chief Inspector of Weeds and Naturalist for the Department of Agriculture, Re- gina, N. W. T. During the first afternoon reports were read from the _ yarious Branches, Sections and Officers of the Society, and from the Directors on the notable insects of the year in their respective districts. Mr. Willing Be gave an interesting account of the methods adopted ix the North-West _ Yerritories for controlling noxious weeds and dealing with injurious insects. x In the evening a public meeting was held at the Normal School at ; which the President, Professor Lochhead, read his annual address and _ Prof. Wickham gave an able and interesting paper, illustrated by a large number of lantern slides made from his own photographs, on “‘The Great _ Basin in the Western States and its Entomological Features.’” The second _ day was taken up with the election of officers and the reading of papers on a yariety of entomological subjects. A large number of interesting speci- - mens were also exhibited by the members present. The 35th Annual Report on economic and general entomology was sent _ to the Department of Agriculture in January last and in due course was presented to the Legislature of Ontario and ordered to be printed. Owing to changes in the methods adopted by the King’s printers and other causes for which we are unable to account, the volume has only just been published. _ The great delay impairs to some extent the value of the report, and has _ produced wide-spread complaints from members and correspondents in all directions. In addition to the papers already referred to, the volume contains the following among other articles: ‘‘Insects injurious to Ontario crops in 1904’ and the valuable ‘‘Entomological Record for 1904,’’ by Dr. James Fletcher; “‘Notes on the Basswood, or Linden insects’’ and on “‘The Columbine Borer’’ _ by Mr. A. Gibson; ‘‘Insect Names and Insects Lists,’’ by Mr. J. B. Williams; _ "Insects collected at light during 1904,’’ by Mr. J. D. Evans; ‘‘Insects _ affecting the oak,’’ and ‘“‘the Food habits of certain Hymenoptera,’’ by Rev. _ Dr. Fyles; “‘Notes on the Season of 1904 in Western Quebec,’’ by Mr. C. * Stevenson; ‘‘An elementary study of insects,’’ by Prof. Lochhead; an obitu- ary notice, with portrait of the late J. Alston Moffat. \ he Canadian Entomologist, the monthly magazine of the Society, has been regularly issued. The 36th annual volume was completed in December last and ten numbers of volume 37 have now been published. The volume for 1904 consisted of 367 pages and was illustrated with four full-page plates, one of which was coloured, and a number of figures from original drawings. The contributors numbered 63 and included writers in Canada, _ the United States and England. The articles are for the most part scientific and contain, among much other highly valuable matter, descriptions of 217 ew species and varieties and 11 new genera in various orders of insects. The material contained in the volumes of our magazine is so important and Recessary to scientific workers that there is a constant demand from varioue parts of the world for complete sets or separate volumes and numbers. ___ During the winter months classes were held fortnightly on Saturday _#yvenings for practical instruction in the elements of entomology as a basis 4 i & 40 THE: REPORT ‘OF, THE : No. 19 for nature study work. They were attended by a number of teachers from the Public Schools in London as well as by other members of the Society The course was begun by Prof. S. B. McCready and after his appointment to the Macdonald Institute at Guelph, was continued by Dr. Bethune. When spring opened, the subject was changed to Botany, several outings to the country in the neighborhood were made, and the wild plants collected were carefully studied. Owing to various causes, especially to the absence or want of time on the part of the leaders, no formal meetings of the Sections were held. A number of popular lectures, illustrated by lantern pictures, were given by Dr. Bethune on insects and by Mr. W. E. Saunders on birds, under the auspices of various. organizations in London and some of the neighboring towns. Prof. Lochhead also has given lectures at several places on entomolog- ical and other subjects. The reports from the branches of the Society at Montreal, Quebec and Toronto are highly satisfactory; great interest is taken in their proceedings by the local members and much good work has been accomplished. The Council has much gratification in recording the formation of an active Branch in British Columbia, with head-quarters at Vancouver and an initial membership of eighteen; quarterly meetings are held and it is expected that, with so many energetic and enthusiastic members, rapid | advancement will be made in the icnowledee of the insect fauna of the Pacific Province. To-day the Council has the additional pleasure of authorizing the formation of a Branch here at Guelph and welcoming the members to our annual meeting. The large number of members, no less than 24 at the out- set_and the presence of Professors and Students of the Agricultural College and Macdonald Institute, give the Branch a unique position and ensure its permanent success. The Council desires to record its sorrow at the loss of one of its earliest Honorary members, Professor Alpheus S. Packard, M.D., who died at Providence, Rhode Island, on the 14th of February last. He was a dis- tinguished entomologist, and author of a large number of books, both popular and scientific, on a variety of entomological and biological subjects; he also contributed from time to time to the ‘“‘Canadian Entomologist.’’ His name is held in high honour in Europe as well as throughout North America. The Council has much pleasure in offering its hearty congratulations to g y a Professor Lochhead on his appointment to an important position on the staff of the new Macdonald Institution at St. Anne’s, P.Q., and has every confidence that, in his new sphere of active duty, he will continue to do good work in economic and scientific entomology and extend the influence of our Society. To Professor Franklin Sherman, who has recently been apiemtey to: the chair of entomology in the Ontario Agricultural College, fhe Council extends a cordial welcome, and feels assured that he will prove thoroughly efficient in his work and do much to encourage and direct his students in the: earnest pursuit of this Department of Natural Science. The outlook for the Society was never brighter or better, and the Coun- #: cil calls upon each member to do his share, in his own neighbourhood, im making investigations in insect life and extending the usefulness and influence of the Society. All which is respectfully submitted. Joun D. Evans, President, . 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 41 — — a —— —— — — = REPORT OF THE MONTREAL BRANCH. ' The 267th regular, and 32nd annual meeting of the Montreal Branch | of the Entomological Society of Ontario was held on May 8th, 1905, at the _ tooms of the Natural History Society. 4 The following members were present,—A. E. Norris, (President); A. _ F. Winn; D. Brainerd; Alfred Griffin; L. Gibb; G. Chagnon; E. C. Bar- wick; G. R. Southee; S. Robinson; Chas. Stevenson; Geo. A. Moore; H. __ H. Lyman; and four visitors. iy Minutes of April meeting were read and confirmed, and those of the 4 last annual meeting were taken as read. ‘ The President read the following t REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. j The Council in submitting this report feel encouraged in knowing that the Society is not only keeping up its honorable traditions, but is going ahead in a manner worthy of the strenuous times in which we are now pass- ing. Nine regular meetings have been held during the year, the average attendance being a fraction over 7. Twenty-six papers were read, viz. President’s address, Chas. Stevenson. } A talk on Lycaenide, A. F. Winn. se? Hydreecias, illustrated by colored slides, A. E. Norris. Leaf Hoppers, Fam. Jasside, G. A. Moore. Pontia rape, n. var. rhaphanus, C. Stevenson. ¥. Notes on Saperda, G. Chagnon. * Vydnide—Burrowing Bugs, G. A. Moore. Mompha eloisella, A. F. Winn. ee i _ Notes on some types, and other specimens in the Br. Museum, H. H. Lyman. The water-lily moth, A. F. Winn. Notes on travel, with random observations on Entomology, H. H. Lyman. Brief notes on breeding specimens of the past season, H. H. Lyman. ‘Si Cercopide, or Spittle insects, Geo. A. Moore. * Notes on Canadian species of Donacia, G. Chagnon. j Notes on Hemiptera for season 1904, Geo. A. Moore. ‘ Stenopelmatus fasciatus—The sand cricket, A. F. Winn. - Small-headed fly—Pterodontia flavipes, Gray, Chas. Stevenson. ; Report on annual meeting at London, H. H. Lyman. f; Berytidae, or Stilt-bugs, Geo..H. Moore. More about Micro Lepidoptera, A. F. Winn. _ Notes on the species of Saperda in my collection, C. Chagnon. New Gortynas, H. H. Lyman. Criocephalus obsoletus and Asemum moestum, a correction, G. Chagnon. Agamic reproduction in insects, A. F. Winn. How to describe larve, H. H. Lyman. Hemipterous nymphs, Geo. A. Moore. _ Field days were held at St. Hilaire, Que., May 24th and July Ist and at the Maisonneuve Woods on April 2Ist, 1905. _ At the annual meeting held at London, the branch was represented by ~ Mr. Lyman. ? ‘ During the year two new members were added to the Society. aespectfully submitted on behalf of the Council. : (Signed), A. E. Norris, President. 42 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 The Treasurer submitted his report, showing a balance on hand of $58.71. Reporis of the acting Curator and Libarian were presented, and on motion of Mr. Winn, seconded by Mr. Brainerd, were’ received and adopted. Mr. Norris read his annual address. The election of officers for the coming year resulted as follows: President, A. E. Norris, re-elected. Vice-President, Geo. A. Moore. Secretary-Treasurer, A. F. Winn. Curator and Librarian, Chas. Stevenson. Council, E. Denny, L. Gibb; H. H. Lyman, G. Chagnon. It was decided to hold a field day at St. Hilare on May 24th and that the Council should also arrange for a suitable place to spend July Ist. Mr. Winn reported that the President of the Natural History Society had invited the Branch to attend their outing at Mount Johnston, on Satur- day June 10th, and in order to encourage entomological collections moved, seconded by Mr. Chagnon, that the Branch should provide two books suit- able for entomological prizes to the Natural History Society for the best collections made on that occasion. ; Mr. Norris gave a talk on butterflies and moths, illustrated by original, colored lantern slides. He was assisted at the lantern by Mr. Griffin. The meeting then adjourned. (Signed), Geo. A. Moore. Secretary-T reasurer. REPORT OF THE QUEBEC BRANCH. The annual meeting of the Quebec Branch was held on the 8th day of November, 1905, at the house of the President. There were present: The Rev. T. W. Fyles in the chair, the Rev. W. W. McCuaig, Lt.-vol. Crawford Lindsay, J. H. Simmons, Esq., Mrs. R. Turner, Mrs. Simmons, Mrs. Poston, Mrs. Fyles, Miss Hamel, Miss Free- man, Miss Bickell, Miss Hedge, Miss W. Fyles, Miss Russell. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. A. R. M. Boulton was elected a member of the Branch. ‘ The President then addressed the meeting upon some of the noteworthy entomological incidents of the year: the alarmist articles in the public press upon the larve of Orgyia antiqua and O. leucostigma; the interesting dis- covery by Mr. C. W. Nash of Toronto of a fungus that takes possession of the wireworm, much as Cordyceps melalonthae does of the white grub; the abundance of the spiny caterpillars of Cynthia cardui upon the burdocks and holly-hocks; the appearance at Quebec, in great numbers, of the cotton moth, Aletia argillacea; late captures including that of Catocala relicta at the electric light, etc. 5 The officers elected were: President, Rev. Dr. Fyles; Vice-President, Miss E. Macdonald; Secretary-treasurer, Lt.-Col. Crawford Lindsay; Coun- cil, Hon. R. Turner, Rev. W. W. McCuaig, Mrs. Turner, Miss Bickell, Miss Freeman. Hearty votes of thanks were passed to the President and the Secretary- treasurer and the hostess of the occasion. REPORT OF COUNCIL. The Branch now includes 25 members (22 adults and 3 juniors). The Treasurer’s report will be submitted and will no doubt be found satisfactory. ee ee ae ‘adr = > 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 43 o s as ee Bs ee Sh a ] 7 During the year interesting lectures were delivered by the President. ai The Council regret to have to record the death of one of the members, Mrs. Morgan. A resolution of condolence was passed and forwarded to the husband of the deceased, Major James Morgan, and to her relatives. Our thanks are due to the authorities of Morrin College for having continued to allow us to use their rooms for our meetings. " Crawrorp Linpsay, 5 Secretary-Treasurer. REPORT OF THE TORONTO BRANCH. ; The ninth annual meeting of the Toronto Branch of the Entomological _ Society of Ontario was held in the Provincial Museum, St. James’s Square, en June 22nd, 1905. | _ ‘The President Dr. Brodie was in the chair, and the following members _ were present: Messrs. Paul Hahn, J. B. Williams, R. Hallam, M. Hallam, _ J. H. Webb, Dr. E. M. Walker, J. H. Maughan, Junr., and Dr. Abbott. The Secretary, Wm. John Maughan, Junr., read the following report. “Your Secretary-Treasurer, has the pleasure to announce another year’s statement of prosperity and advancement for 1904-5. We have kept our membership up, and although some members have moved away, other new ones have joined. : The list of papers and lectures attached hereto have been splendidly _ descriptive and scientifically accurate, and not a few of them covered new and hitherto unknown material; some have been illustrated by lantern, others by specimens, charts, and drawings; putting before the members most completely all material connected therewith. The attendance at meetings has been good, although the weather at times has not been propitious. Your Secretary-Treasurer has also to announce that the Librarian-Cur- ator has arranged and hung in the museum another large case of specimens, showing moths found in and near Toronto; also to thank members for their kind donations both of specimens and publications. It is with sincere regret that your Secretary-Treasurer announces his withdrawal from the position he has held for some years past, and begs to thank the members, as a whole, for their kindness and courtesy shown to him on all occasions. All of which is respectfully submitted. s (Signed) J. Maucuan, JR., Secretary-Treasurer. List of papers read, 1904-5. “The Leaf-cutting bee (Megachile brevis) and its Parasite’, Dr. Brodie. - “A week at Lorne Park,’’ J. B. Williams. ~ *Tnsects of North Ontario,’’ G. M. Stewart. *“Galls of Oak,’’ Dr. Brodie. *Orthoptera,’’ Dr. E. M. Walker. “Scales on Butterflies Wings,’ J. B. Williams. “The Tussock Moth and its Parasitical Life,’’ Dr. Brodie. “Dragon flies,’?’ Dr. E. M. Walker. “A trip to Algonquin Park,’’ Paul Hahn. ee Le ee tal A Te) nt Dt 44 THE REPORT OF THE The following officers were elected for 1905-6: President, Dr. Wm. Brodie. Vice-President, Paul Hahn. ; Librarian and Curator, J. B. Williams. oe _ Goswell Messrs. Leslie Walker, J. H. Webb, R. Hallam and 1 Abboit Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. H.S. Saunders was elected, but he finds h ims the next meeting of the Society. Miss E. Hlackankes: 242 Borden street, subsequenily elecied. The Treasurer's report shows the funds to be in a satisfactory condi with a balance of ninety cents on the right side. ct : GUELPH BRANCH. The Guelph Branch at its meeting for panes has drawn up =a adopied the following - a4 CONSTITUTION. Argticiz JT. Nawe. The name of this Society is the Guelph Entomological Branch of the Oniario Entomological Society. Aezricrs IT. Opzecr. The het of this Society is the increase and diffusion of the kava x of imsecis. Agticitz TT. Mewseesuip. . Section 1. Members shall be persons mierested in imsecis. shall be elected by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any 2 m Fp Section 2.. There shall be not less than six members resident in | Guelph and vicinity. a is Antictz TV. Orricers. ae” Section 7. The officers shall be a President, Vice-Presideni, and reiary-Treasurer, elected at the annual meeting io serve one year. : Section 2. The President shall preside at the meetings of the Society. The President and the Secreiary-Treasurer — sign all written obi igation of the Society. ‘ Section 3. The Vice-President shall assume the duties of the Presid im the absence of the latier. Section 4. The Secretary-Treasurer shall record ihe proceedings 0: Society and of the Executive Committee, conduct correspondence, and 1 an annual report. He shall publish due announcement of the Aa the Society. He shall be Curator of the museum of the Society. Section 5. The Seeretary-Treasurer shall have charge of the funds the Society, and shall make collections and disbursemenis and render annual report, and his accounts shall be audited by a committee oft society annually. = _ Section 6. All new officers shall begin their duties on the first day ai fier the annua! meciing. . eae F ee 7, : : i ee 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 45 ARTICLE VY. COMMITTEES. Section J. There shall be an wxecutive Committee consisting of the President, Vice-President, Secretary-Treasurer, and a student appointed a by the President. a Section 2. The executive shall constitute a standing committee on _ programmes, publications, admissions to membership, research and finance. ~ Section 3. The society shall elect a delegate to the annual meeting of - the Entomological Society of Ontario. | f Articte VI. FInances. 2 Section J. The fiscal year of the Society shall begin on the first day _ after the annual meeting. 's Section 2. The annual dues of members shall be one dollar, payable at the annual meeting, and the dues for the first year shall be payable on . signing the constitution. Fy Section 3. Members whose dues remain unpaid one month after they are due shall be notified by the Secretary-Treasurer that within one month _ they will be in arrears and not entitled to a vote at the annual meeting, to receive the publications of the Society nor of the Entomological Society of _ Ontario. Members one year in arrears shall, after formal notification by the Secretary-Treasurer, be regarded as having withdrawn from ihe Society. ArticLteE VII. MeerrTINGs. } Section 1. Regular meetings of the Society shall be held on alternate _ Wednesdays from October to, June. Section 2. Special meetings may be called by the President. Section 3. The annual meeting shall be held on the first Wednesday in October. Section 4. Six members shall constitute a quorum. Section 5. The Executive Committee shall hold its regular meetings on the same days as the regular meetings of the Society; special meetings may be called by the President. Section 6. The regular meetings of the Society shall be open to all. ArticteE VIII. PusuLicatTions. ” The Canadian Entomologist shall be the official organ of the Guelph _ Entomological Society. The Canadian Entomologist and the reports of the p Ontario Entomological Society shall be sent to all members not in arrears. ARTICLE IX. _ The Society shall maintain a Museum. ArticLeE X. AMENDMENTS. These By-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members ‘present at any regular meeting, provided the proposed amendments have _been read at the last previous regular meeting of the Society. ‘The following officers were elected for the year 1905-6: President, Prof. Franklin Sherman; Vice-President, Richard Readwin; Secretary-Treasurer, ae D. Jarvis; Executive Committee, Messrs. Sherman, Jarvis and Klinck. 46 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 _ REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN AND CURATOR. During the year ending August 3lst, 1905, thirty bound volumes have been added to the Library, making the total number on the register 1,862; also a large number of periodicals and pamphlets. Among the new acqui- sitions may be mentioned the fifth volume, with plates, of Sir George Hampson’s ‘‘Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalene’’ in the British Museum. During the year 27 volumes were issued to local members. A ecard catalogue according to subjects has been begun and all the bound volumes of pamphlets have been indexed in this way as well as a number of entomological bulletins and reports. The collections have been increased by the kind contribution of 123 specimens of Coleoptera, including 113 species, by Prof. H. F. Wickham of Towa City, who took note of the blanks in the cabinets when he visited the — Society during the last annual meeting. The President, Mr. J. D. Evans, sent 50 specimens of beetles, including 16 species, new io the Society’s collection. Mr. J. A. Balkwill throughout the summer has brought in a ~ large number of specimens of various orders, especially Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, and Mr. J. A. Morden, of Hyde Park, has presented some rare — specimens of nocturnal Lepidoptera, for all which the Society is deepty grateful. The Curator would repeat his desire to receive specimens of almost all of our Canadian insects to fill blanks in the cabinets and to replace old and imperfect examples; also to have the specimens provided with labels giving the important information of locality and dates of capture, ete. Any mem- ber who has specimens to spare, and every one must haye some, will confer a favour by first sending a list of those he is willing to present to the Society in order to prevent unnecessary duplication. The collections of | Lepidoptera and Coleoptera from Ontario and Quebec are fairly e mplete, but in other orders the Society is very badly off. The number of visitors is satisfactorily, advantage being taken of the opportunities to inspect the Library and collections during three afternoons in each week, when they are open to the public. Respectfully submitted, Cuartses J. S. Beruune, Iibrarian and Curator. REPORT OF THE TREASURER. Receipts and Expenditures of the Entomological Society of Ontario for the year ending August 31st, 1905. ReEcEIrts. EXPENDITURES. Balance on hand September Ist, Annual Meeting and Report ... $91 85 TODA Ace ocs tap ean eee aaa $445 74 Salaries. .<...0c.sccscecceaeen des Cee 275 00 Members? fees) \..:...0.:2..c.6.cseesemne 340 71 Postage, stationery, ete ............ 146 29 Lepisiative, prante..--.---<1saes--2--¥- 1,000 00 Primting’ 2.25.0. coecccs «eset case eee 763 77 Sales of pins, cork, ete. ........- 43 59 Pins; cork: ete.) 22.0. ...ccecsmseeere 16 31 Sales of Entomologist .........-....- 174 10 Rant 2... diccscsee cette soc 171 25 Advertisements ........:...cee---+0-eee 41 44 Insurance} <....ic:.0+0stacwessaeews teense 48 80 Amibenesh Mv Lac vis cy -+-.Scnpeeenehe mendate 7 63 TADPALY: 2 51 is to be hoped now that those interested will take to heart a lesson from past experience and use all the means available, which have been so thoroughly advertised and disseminated by the officers above-mentioned throughout the length and breadth of the country, so as to keep the pest within due bounds. I learn that the San Jose Scale and Codling moth are also well under control by means of the spraying methods practised under the leadership and _ guidance of the afore-mentioned officers through the instrumentality of this _ Society. The White Cabbage butterfly (P. rape) and Yellow Clover butterfly (C. _ philodice) have been very numerous in places late this season, but they have not apparently done any serious damage. Nature study is a supject gaining much strength and being taken up among the schools all over the country, and is now one of the subjects recom- mended by the Educational Department of Ontario. Steps are being taken at this time to take up the subject in the Trenton schools, and its rootlets have taken hold in most remote outlying districts, even to the most northern extremity of this County of Hastings. ! This subject has repeatedly been brought before the notice of the public by various members of this Society, lectures having been given in London and ‘various places in the neighborhood, at Guelph, Hamilton and elsewhere, by Dr. Fletcher, Dr. Bethune, Prof. Lochhead, Prof. McCready, and others. Particular mention must be made of Prof. John Dearness, who has recently - produced “The Nature Study Course,’’ a book designed for the use of those interested in the education of the young, both boys and girls. i In furtherance of this most commendable study, reference should be made to an illustrated paper, “Practical and Popular Entomology,’’ “Entomology in Schools,’’ by Mr. H. S. Saunders, of Toronto, which appeared in our maga- zine in the February issue of this year, as being deserving of emulation by other members of our Society. ar After the remaining papers on the programme had been read and dis- cussed (they will be found in succeeding pages of this report), PRESIDENT CREELMAN expressed the pleasure which it had given him and the members of the College to have the annual meeting of the Society in their buildings, and on behalf of the students in Biology, the Wellington Field Naturalists’ Club and the Entomologists, he asked the Society to meet at the Guelph College as _ often as it possibly could. % Prof. H. L. Hurt joined in this expression of gratification and said that he had been especially pleased to meet and make the personal acquaintance- es of many veteran entomologists whose names had long been familiar to im. ¥ Prof. Locuurap spoke of the importance of this meeting to the students, who would receive a lasting inspiration from it. Votes of thanks were unanimously passed to President Creelman and his taft for their kindness and hospitality; to Prof. J. B. Smith for his welcome isit and most interesting lecture; and to the reporters of the Toronto Globe, he Guelph Herald and Mercury, and the Toronto Weekly Sun, for their ex- ellent accounts of the proceedings. 52 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 INSECTS AS NATURE STUDIES. By S. B. McCreapy, Proressor or Nature Stupy, Macponatp INnstTItTUTE, GUELPH. My interest in this topic is not that of an entomologist, but that of the schoolmaster. To the student of insect life nothing, perhaps, is more natural as nature studies, than insects; nothing perhaps is more likely to awaken readier interest and develop powers of careful observation; nothing in animal life has much, if any, greater concern with our lives. But while our teachers ~ are quite ready to acknowledge that the study of insects may profitably be admitted to a place amongst the multitude of school studies, they are, as a class, quite at a loss to know how to commence the study of them. They feel afraid, or helpless, or rebellious, or indifferent. They feel that they have been — imposed upon; they have been trained and accepted into a work which is suddenly changed; sometimes it is hinted that their inability to handle the work is through fault of theirs to readily adjust themselves to new conditions; in fact through insects and the other “what-nots’’ of nature studies, the con- scientious teacher’s burden has become considerably heavier in these later days. Here are the insect studies prescribed for Manitoba schools, e.g.: Grade {. Butterflies and moths. Refereace to color, beauty, movements, ete. ; study of simple life-history of butterfly or moth; preparation for winter by insects. Grade II. Observation of habits of the ant, bee, wasp, and grasshopper. Grade IV.- The House moth. The eggs, the larva, the cocoon and pupa, the imago, the egg; or the study of a wasp in nest making, feeding — young, guarding young, and in winter season. Grade V. Insect life in relation to the shade trees; aphis, caterpillar and leaf gall of maple suggested; rearing mosquitoes and butterflies from eggs in order to obtain life histories; recognition of lady-bird beetle with a view to protecting it. Finding the larve on trees infested by aphids; observation of insect life in an old log, a rotten stump, a sand hill; incidental observation of insect life. Grade VI. Interdependence of insects and flowers; special study of grass- — hoppers; finding the eggs, observing young hoppers, and growth of their wings; the most favorable weather, food how eaten, behaviour in wet and windy weather, etc. Grade VII. Cockroach and field insects. Simple classification of insects ac- cording to character of wing. \ Grade VIII. Insects of field, Bee. 2 This is the outline of insect work for the Manitoba teacher in the Public _ Schools, and is like that for Ontaric schools, except that it is more specific— the Ontario outline is expressed in general terms e.g., in Form IV. the work © is life histories of conspicuous and economic insects; organs and functions. With most teachers, even those who have had advantages of University training, there has never been an awakening of interest in insect life—life | histories, moths and butterflies, aphids, beetles, larve, galls, caterpillars, cocoon, pupa, imego, egg—such terms mean very little, if anything. They are cut off from helping themselves as they may do in other subjects; the work demands actual personal observation if it is to be rightly presented; they cannot read ahead of their classes as in history, geography, and arith- metic and make proper presentation of the subject: it isn’t in hooks, in fact jt needs quite another kind of adjustment, a humiliation, a really putting o 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 53 oneself into the child’s position and attitude. This is hard. No other subject demanded it, the teacher has, in many branches of school work, grown away from the child’s atmosphere, but here it is only by becoming as a little child that success may be won. But while the teacher is learning of insects in this way it is slow, and with the demands of other studies upon him, disheartening; advanced classes will be demanding greater knowledge than patient independent investigation could attend to in many years,—the teachers must be helped; in the multi- plicity of text-books there is confusion, even if they should be able to secure ihem; and many of the books are more hinderance than help on account of being over technical or too exhaustive; the school inspectors can very seldom help much, and without help from books, or superintendent, the teacher may be unintentionally working harm to a good cause; may in striving for _ the same end in nature study as he does in many other subjects—the acquire- ment of facts—defeat its chief purpose—the development in our boys and girls of a sympathetic, patient, independent outlook on nature. The Entomological Society of Ontario and its members can do a great deal to help on the work—as indeed they have done already. , There should be some means adopted by our Department of Education whereby articles such as that of Dr. Fletcher’s on the Clover Butterfly, pub- lished_in the Ottawa Field Naturalist, and the articles on economic insects _ appearing in our Annual Reports, could be put into the hands of every school _ teacher and school inspector in Ontario, and free, it has to be free, and with clear instructions for adapting the work to the schools. There is a large field of usefulness for our Canadian Entomologist in offering through the Department of Education special articles in insect studies suited to our schools. At the present juncture, since travelling instructors or local cen- tres of instruction are impracticable, and the University is not helping, these are the best means I can think of for helping our teachers, and our boys and girls in a rather puzzling situation. NOTES ON THE SEASON 1905 (WESTERN QUEBEC). By Cuaries STEVENSON, MONTREAL. Insect collecting this season has been interesting on account of the quan- tities of several species of butterflies that appeared. But it has been some- _ what disappointing in the captures of rare species and varieties. In Lepidoptera our old friends Vanessa atalanta, Linn., huntera, Fab.. and cardwi, Linn.. have been very plentiful; in fact in some localities more prominent than the common Pontia rapew, Linn., and Eurymus philodice, Godt., the Albinic variety of the latter being prominent. Over twenty-five “specimens were captured by Messrs. G. Chagnon, E. Denny and myself on the 28th Sept., in a small patch of ground in Outremont. near Montreal. The one-time-common Anosia plerippus, Linn., which had almost disappeared last year, showed up more frequently. A fine fresh specimen was caught as late as the 3rd Oct., near Montreal. Owing to the activity of the collectors this year, four separate localities ound Montreal are now known to be frequented by Stenopis thule, Strecker, Great prominence was brought before the public of Montreal by the rav- ages of the Tussock moths. Three species were found, Notolophus antiqua, Linn., Hemerocampa leucostigma, S. & A., and definita, Pack., leucostigma i * 54 THE REPORT ‘OF THE No. 19 being the most plentiful and antiqua rare. Considerable amusement was given to the entomologists by the ridiculous methods adopted by the authorities to exterminate them, the chief one being to scrape the egg-masses off the trees and leave them on the ground. Good work has been done by Mr. E. Denny in rearing caterpillars, es- pecially in procuring varieties of Apantesis vittata, Fab., and great credit is due to this gentleman for his patience and perseverance in bringing other lepidoptera larve to maturity. Mr. G. A. Moore continues to do good work in the study of Hemiptera. Messrs. H. H. Lyman, A. E. Norris, and A. F. Winn have continued their studies of the life histories of the Gortynas. Mr. G. Chagnon has made a specialty of the Buprestide and Ceramby- cide of the world, and has built up a collection of these insects which is well worth seeing. At the same time he has not neglected the local fauna of Cole- eptera, besides which he has commenced a collection of local Lepidoptera, taking particular interest in the Geometride, in which group we hope to see him have a companion in Mr. G. A. Southee, who has recently become an enthusiastic collector. It is a pleasure to record the interest that is being aroused among the younger folk, not only in making collections but also in the economic value and the life histories of the specimens they capture. Special mention may be made of the steady work of Masters G. R. Southee, Arthur Denny, T. S. Rob- | inson, H. G. Roche, and Roland Desjardins. I myself have little to record, owing to my having been severely handi- capped by the loss in the spring of my helpmate. However, I have added to my list of local Blattid@ several specimens and have been making a special study of ecological entomology, and hope to give my observations at an early. date. I may mention, in reference to this subject, that Sporotrichum glob- uliferum, Speg., has been quite epidemic in this locality, and that flacherie has dealt great destruction among the caterpillars of Malocosoma Americana, Harr. The following interesting captures may be mentioned : — Erora laeta, Edw., St. Hilaire, Que., 24th May. E. C. Barwick. Enodia hones Fab., Mt. J flea Que., 10th June. Charles Stev- enson. (Fig. 16.) : Apantesis vittata, Mt. Johnson, Que., 10th June. E. Denny. (From which he obtained a batch of eggs, which he successfully brought through to maturity and obtained a splendid series of varieties. He succeeded in mat- ing some of the imagoes and got more eggs, which are now full-grown cater- pillars.) Calosoma scrutator, Fab., St. John’s, Que., 30th July. G. Chagnon. (Fig. 17.) Hydrena pennsylvanica, Kies, St. Anne de Bellevue, Que., 23rd July. G. Chagnon. Haltica rufa, Ml., St. Hilaire, Que., 27th June. G. Chagnon. A report of the entomological work of this locality would be incomplete without making an acknowledgment of the lady friends of the collectors, es- pecially Mrs. E. Denny and Mrs. G. R. Southee, for picks assistance and encouragement of the insect-hunting hobby. 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 55 \\\\\\ \ \ Fig. 16. Enodia Portlandia, the Pearly- eye butterfly. Fig. 19. Orchard Tent-caterpillars on their web : c egg-bracelet ; d cocoon. Fig. 22. Cicada : a pupa, b empty shell, e eggs, d slits made in twig for eggs, c mature Cicada. _ Fig. 17. Calosoma scrutator, the Green Caterpillar-hunter beetle. weer { ? Nad is Fig. 21. Prionus laticollis Fig. 20. A Hawk-moth (Sphinx) caterpillar. beetle. - 0, } 56 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 FOREST INSECTS. By Rev. Tuomas W. Fytss, D.C.L., F.L.S., Levis, Que. Insects fall naturally under two heads.—biting insects, Mandibulata, and sucking insects, Haustellata. To the former belong the borers in the tree-trunks, the twig-girdlers, and the leaf devourers; to the latter, the Cic- adas, the scale insects, and the plant lice. It is difficult to tell which of the two orders is the most hurtful to vegetation. In “God’s great army’’ the most insignificant corps becomes occasionally by force of numbers, a formid- able array. In the summer of 1881, the maples presented a strange appearance. Their foliage became brown and withered, as if autumn had come befure its timé. On examination it was found that countless multitudes of the larve of a minute species of moth, Depressaria acerifoliella, had assailed the foliage. The larva of this species bites disks from the leaves and binds them to- gether with a silken filament, so constructing a case for itself. It protrudes its head and forelegs from its case and moves about the leaf, eating away the fleshy parts. In 1893 another remarkable insect attack upon the maples was witnessed: nearly every leaf of the trees was drawn out of shape—its edges being fastened together with a fine web. Within the tent thus formed was a curious brown case, somewhat in the form of a cornucopia, and snugly ensconsed within the case was a green larva with an amber-colored head. This truly was one of the most economical of insects. Longfellow has said :— “OQ thou sculptor, painter, poet! Take this lesson to thy heart: That is best which lieth nearest, Shape from it thy work of art.” And this larva had used up its exuviae and excrement in forming a case for itself—an inner retreat. The leaf was its shelter and store of food; for it fed upon the parenchyma, and left only the veins and skin. The case was its stronghold. The name of the insect is Semasia signatana. Our native insect pests are bad enough; but the insect foes that we most dread are the foreigners, for the reason that “it is better to deal with the devil you know than the devil you don’t know.”’ The advent of the Larch Saw-fly (Vematus Erichsonzi) is an old story now. This pest destroyed our tamaracs in the eighties, and it “Still goes marching on.” Mr. A. H. D. Ross, in his excellent article on “The Forest Resources of Lab- rador Peninsula,’’ tells us that of late years the European Larch Saw-fly has destroyed most of the larch between Lake St. John and Lake Mistassini, and the pest is spreading northward. The Gypsy moth, the Brown-tail moth, and the Leopard moth are new importations to the country to the south of us. So great a plague has the Gypsy moth been in Massachusetts that the Legislature in four years (1890-4) expended $275,000 in the effort to extermin- ate it, and had not succeeded; and further appropriations were required. The larva of the Brown-tail moth is also injurious in Massachusetts, and as their fine barbed hairs are easily detached and carried in the air, they often settle upon the passers-by, work their way into the pores of the skin and cause much suffering. They are greatly to be dreaded. 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 57 The larve of the Leopard moth are borers. The species has found its way to New York. i In Canada a very common and mischievous pest is the Forest-tree tent eaterpillar (Clisiocampa disstria). This also flourishes more abundantly some years than others. In 1899 it and its congener, Clistocampa Americana, were so abundant in the Counties of Drummond and Shefford that they stripped the second growth trees bare. Hordes of them crossing the railway brought the train to a standstill, the rails having become slippery with crushed larve. The larva of C. disstria (the Forest tent caterpillar) can readily be a‘*s- tinguished from that of C. Americana (the Orchard Tent caterpillar). It has a blue head, and a row of silvery spots down the back (Fig. 18), while the other has a black head and a continuous dorsal line (Fig. 19). I consider C. disstria the worst of the leaf-eating foes of our hardwood trees. The larve of Orgyia antiqua and Orgyia leucostigma are handsome but mischievous. They are beautifully tufted along the back. (Fig. 4.) Those of the latter species may be known by their red heads. Both kinds feed upon a variety of forest trees. The males of these species are called ‘‘Vapourers’’ because of their jaunty flight. They skip hither and thither, as Wood says, “‘like Celebs in search of a wife.”’ The females, on the other hand, are most exemplary in their be- haviour. St. Paul, if he had been an entomologist, would have admired them greatly—they “go not from house to house,’’ they stay at home and mind their own affairs. They remain upon the cocoons, from which they crept. There they await their mates; there they lay their eggs; and there they die. But we must not give them too much credit for their domestic virtues. They are aided by the force of circumstances in conducting themselves well—they have only rudimentary wings. (Jig. 7.) There are a number of large moths, the larve of which under peculiar circumstances might become injurious to forest trees. Their very size makes them formidable. (Fig. 20.) The larve of the Hawk-moths, Sphina chersis and Sphinx kalmice, feed upon the ash, though I frequently find them on the lilac. This is not surprising, for both the lilac and the ash belong to the same family of plants, the Oleacez, of which the olive tree is the type. The larva of Ellema coniferarum feeds upon the pine. I wish the species were a little more common, for I have only met with one specimen in many years. The larve of Ceratomia amyntor feed upon the elm. They have four prominent horns on their shoulders; and Harris on this account gave them the name of Quadricornis. There are peculiarities in the form and habits of this species that are well worth notice. It will be remembered that the leaves of the elm on the under side are strongly and regularly ribbed, and that they are often curled over on one side in a roll. The Amyntor caterpillars are of the same color as the leaf, and along the sides have seven oblique, raised, rough lines. They lie extended Y along the edge of the leaf, and in, that position very closely resemble the roll of the leaves near them. Nor js this all. In the autumn the leaves of. the elm become rusty brown in colour, and that the resemblance to the leaves may be maintained, the caterpillars become of the same hue. They afford in this a rmarkable instance of what is called Mimetic Analogy. The larva of that stately moth, T'riptogon modesta, feeds upon the pop- lar, and that of Cressonia juglandis upon the black walnut, the butternut and the hickory. : Upon a variety of forest trees, the larve of those magnificent Saturn- -: ians, Attacus cecropia (the largest of our moths), and Telea polyphemus are 9 re fates 58 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 to be found, whilst those of Actias luna (the most beautiful) feed upon the butternut, and those of Hyperchirta Jo upon the elm, the basswood and the balsam-poplar. The last-named larve are set with stinging spines. In the West the Jarva of that splendid moth, Hacles imperialis, feeds upon the white pine; and the larve of Citheronia regalis, which has as many horns as the Beast in the Apocalypse, and is locally known as the “Hickory Horned Devil,’ feeds upon the black walnut, butternut, hickory, ete. I have never heard, however, that the caterpillars of these very large insects have done much damage. Of insects that injure the roots of the trees, these are remarkable : — The White Grub: This is the larva of the May Beetle, Lachnosterna fusca. (Fig. 6.) The grubs of this species are very general feeders upon the roots of plants. They are said to be injurious to young pines and tamaracs. A formidable foe to the poplar, basswood and oak, is Prionus laticollis, the Brozd-necked Sawyer which bores into the roots of trees. As it works undergrouna its ravages are not easily detected. (Fig. 21.) But of the underground insect foes of the forest trees, the Cicadas are, I think, the worst. Happily this part of Canada is out of the range of Tzbicen Septendecim, which spends seventeen years at the roots of trees, imbibing at the very founts of vegetable life. But Cicada caniculars 1s very abundant with us. If you go into the woods in autumn you will hear the shrill sound produced by their little tambours or side drums, which vibrate, as the boys say, “for all they are worth.’’ We have another species, Tibicen rimosa, but it is not common with us. The habits of the Cicadas are interesting. The females cut grooves in the twigs of their favorite trees, and in each groove lay a row of eggs. The eggs seem to be nourished by the sap in the twigs, for they become enlarged. The newly-hatched larve drop to the ground and burrow till they reach the roots cf the trees. Into these they drive their beaks, and then, for three years, live by suction upon the sap. At the end of that time they work their way out of the earth, climb for a short distance up the trees, and then writhe and twist till their skins burst down the back. Out of the rent, in every case, creeps a perfect insect, drawing its legs out of their former enclosures as out of boots. In about ten minutes (I have watched the process) the air has penetrated to every part of the insect’s body, its wings have been shaken out of plait into their full dimensions, and the creature is ready for flight. (Fig. 21.) If you ask me what should be done to check the Cicadas, well, I know what I should do as ‘regards the orchard, the sugar-bush and the enclosed woods. I should in the autumn turn a herd of swine into them. The animals would not only eat the windfall apples, the acorns and beech-mast and fungi, they would grub about the roots of the trees, and devour the immature Cic- adas, the White Grubs, and the pupe of many kinds of flies, beetles and moths. I have seen the experiment tried, and the pigs throve. But a part of my subject of more interest to lumbermen is that relating te the “Borers’’—and truly their name is legion. A number of beetles belonging to the family Buprestide bore in the pine. Two splendid beetles of this family are Chalcophora Virginiensis and Chalco- phora fortis. C. fortis is the largest and handsomest of our Buprestide, and, perhaps, as regards our collections, the rarest. Mr. H. Hague Harrington speaks of it as rare at Ottawa, and I never met with it at Montreal, nor in the Eastern Townships; but one day I was walking under the cliff, at Hadlow, on the south side of the river, when I found specimens of both C.Virginiensis and C. fortis. There were no trees near in which they could have bred, and the in- wy x Pl % 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 59 sects were fresh and perfect. The discovery was a marvel to me till, on look- ing to the river side, I saw, stranded, a crib of pine timber; and then the mystery was solved. This incident shows how easily insects may be spread over the couniry. There is a beetle called Monohammus titillator. (Fig. 23.) This beetle and its congener, Monohammus scutellatus (Fig. 24) make damaging tunnels in the trunks of the pine; and they sometimes turn up unexpectedly in places far from their native forest. Fig. 24. Monohammus scu- tellatus. Fig. 25. Plagionotus speciosus, Maple-tree borer. Fig. 23. Monohamus titillator, Pine- _ borer beetle. The larva of Plagionotus speciosus (Fig. 25) is a borer in the maple. That of the fine beetle Saperda calcarata bores in the poplar. The Apple-tree borer, Saperda candida (Fig 26) works also in the American mountain ash and the thorn. The larve of Saperda vestita, Saperda tridentata and Cyllene pictus bore respectively in the basswood, the elm and the cedar (J'huja occi- dentalis). Time would fail me to enumerate the small beetles which mine between the bark and the white wood, and which at times do much harm—volumes might be written upon them. ’ Fig. 26. Saperda candida, Apple-tree borer : a grub, b pupa, c beetle. But I must not pass over the more important of the Lepidopterous and Hymenopterous borers. Of the former we have remarkable instances; in Cossus Centerensis, which bores in the poplar (Fig. 27); in Prionorystus rob- tnie, which, as its name implies, bores in the locust, or false acacia; and in Prionozystus Macmurtrei, which Mr. A. PF. Winn has found upon oaks on ~ Mount Royal. 60 THE REPORT “OF THE No. 19 The larva of several species of Ciear-wing moths are borers; Sesta acerni in the soft maple, Sesia pictipes in the wild cherry, Pseudohazis denudata in the ash. The Horn-tail, 7remezx columba, or Pigeon Tremex (Fig 28), is a creature of formidable appearance. It has a stout acuform, but hollow, ovipositor which extends in its sheath from the middle of the underside of the abdomen to a length of half an inch beyond the body. The Tremex drives this instru- ment through the bark and into the soft wood of the tree (which is usually a maple or a beech), and then, by muscular action, it passes its eggs through the ovipositor to the end of the wound it has made. The Tremex is, in many in- stances, so exhausted in the process that it has not strength to withdraw its ovipositor, and perishes at its post. As soon as the young larve are hatched they begin to tunnel in different _ directions, enlarging their passages as they grow. Other Horn-tails of like habits to the Tremex are Sirex albicornis, Sirex flavicornis, and Paururus cyaneus, and these assail the pine. Fig. 27. Wood-boring caterpillar (Cossus) and Fig. 28. ig ee Pigeon Tremex — the chrysalis. Horn-tail borer. It must not be supposed that nature has left these borers to multiply and work their will without a check. If she had, the forests would have disap- peared long ago. No—a number of formidable Ichneumon flies, with yet lcnger ovipositors, are engaged in reducing the hosts of the enemies. Indeed every kind of destructive insect has its foes. Insectivorous birds and predaceous insects, under ordinary circumstances, keep the spoilers within bounds. And man may give his assistance to nature to the same end. For instance, he can preserve the woodpeckers and the soft-billed birds. The man who would shoot a woodpecker ought to be ostracized. I wish I could hear more frequently the hearty laughing call of that noble bird the Bonneted Woodpecker, Picus pileus. Alas, its beauty has been to it a “‘fatal gift.’’ It has drawn the attention of the fowler. There should be a law forbidding juveniles to carry guns. There is this to be said, these gun-bearing boys lessen their own numbers. Many a young rascal will go into the woods and think he has done a clever thing if he has brought down a Wakeup or a Tom-tit. When a tree is found with Horn-tails affixed in the position I have men- tioned, it may be known that that tree is doomed; it should be felled and split up for stove-wood. The proper and timely burning of brush-piles will do much to lessen the numbers of insects. Brush should be burned, not when the ground is covered with dry herbage and dead leaves, but when vegetation is lush and green, and then the fire and smoke would destroy their thousands of insect pests. 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 61 In Europe in former days foresters were men of standing and import- ance. It seems to me that it would be a good thing if our Government would appoint in every county in which lumbering operations are being carried on and settlements made, Government foresters, intelligent men of high charac- ter, allowing them such assistance as might be required. Their duties should be to preserve the game, destroy the wolves, regulate the burning of the debris of the lumber camps and clearings, see to the due observance of forest laws, and generally to conserve woodland interests. T think that such officers would have many important duties to perform and that their life would be full of interest and attraction. THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Rev. THomas W. Fytes, D.C.L., F.L.S., Levis, Quessc. The youthful entomologist in England, in the forties and fifties of last century, was a privileged person—he enjoyed many advantages. Kirby and Spence were both living in the earlier half of the period mentioned. Kirby died on the 4th of July, 1850. In 1856 Spence brought out a cheap : edition of the ‘‘Introduction to Entomology,’’ and, in four years, 10,000 ‘ copies of the work were sold. This work did more than any other to popu- larize the study of entomology. Those were the days of Newman, Stainton, Waterhouse, Douglas, West- wood, Morris, Wollaston, Wilkinson, and other lights. Van Voorst was publishing works on Natural History. Newman was carrying on the ‘‘Zoo- logist,”” and Stainton the ‘‘Weekly Intelligencer.’? There was an abun- dance of cheap yet valuable literature for the rising entomologist. The comparatively small extent of the British Islands brought the number of species—say of the Lepidoptera—within the mental grasp of the diligent student. How different is it with us now, on this vast continent of North America! A crown-octavo volume of 723 pages is now required, for a mere list of the Lepidoptera with its index. England in those days was a very paradise for entomologists. The plantations and hazel-copses for the preservation of the game, the open woods of— . . “tall ancestral trees O’er all the pleasant land,’’ the withy-gores, the fens, the moors were all famous hunting-grounds. It was a privilege to take part in an “‘outing’’ at some appointed place. To wander along the forest paths alive with Marbled Whites and Silver- washed Fritillaries, till the waving nets shewed the spot where the Entomol- ogists were gathered together. The excitement of the chase, the refection in the shade of the trees, the pleasant conversation, the comparison of _ captures, were things to be remembered. So were the multitudinous voices of the birds that made the woodland ring. England is rich in song-birds; and linnets, goldfinches, bulfinches, yellowhammers, black-caps, white- throats, robins, blackbirds, thrushes, and others, seemed to greet the wood- | _ Jand visitors in one full tide of song. 62 THE \REPORT, OF DHE No. 19 I remember an effusion that I sent to the ‘‘Weekly Intelligencer,’’ after such an outing. It ran:— “Come to the wild woods, come away, Now the sun is bright in the month of May. And the mated birds, in boist’rous glee, Fill the wide heavens with harmony; Now the breezes shake the hyacinth bells, And the pale anemone whitens the dells, And young leaves whisper soothingly, And all is joy and light and love— For the azure heaven is smiling above, And the green earth laughs for sympathy. Come where the Hair-streak* flutters by Like a living leaf; where the butterfly+ Whose snowy wings are dash’d with green, And with rich orange tipp’d, is seen; Where the Chequer’d Skipper,t as you tread, Springs lightly from his grassy bed; And Clouded-border Moths§ unfold Their tender wings of speckled gold; Where Fuciformis quivers round The stems with honeysuckle bound; And, like a fragment from the sky, Sweet Alexis gambols by; Where Falcula, whose hooked wings Have eye-like spots, to the birch leaf clings; While near it, where the catkins play, Papilionaria larve stray, Mid forms like their own safe to be From prowling Ichneumonide, From the busy tit that twitters near, And other foes they have to fear. “Oh, come to the wild woods, come away. Now the sun is bright, in the month of May! Come, for a thousand sights shall cheer ; Your eye—a thousand sounds your ear!’’ In Canada the brethren of the net are too widely scattered, the claims of business are too urgent, the mosquitoes too troublesome for such gather- ings to be very frequent, very numerously attended, or very thoroughly enjoyable. But, notwithstanding, the sugar-woods, the intervales, the neglected bottom lands of this country, the orchards, where the owners are better farmers than fruit growers, are all fine hunting-grounds. On the 16th of August I discovered an undrained hollow in which was a thick growth of dwarf willows, sedges and flags. It was richly bordered with asters, Joe Pye Weed and Golden Rod, in full bloom. The multitude of insects clustering about the flower heads was truly astonishing. The Painted Ladies were much in evidence. Pamphila Maniteba was there; and there was a great show of Humble-bees, wasps, ichneumons, dragon- flies, flower-flies, etc. I spent a very profitable hour amongst them. Bombyces were scarce in the collections of former days. We have an advantage now that was undreamed of when I was a boy, viz., the electric light. Many of the gems of our collections have been taken at this light. So late as the beginning of this month (October, 1905), I was passing by a warehouse on the Louise embankment late at night, when I saw, under an arc-light, a fine specimen of Lophodonta ferruginea, Pack, and one of Charadra deridens, Gn. I had no cyanide bottle, nor chip boxes, with me; *Thecla rubi. tThymele alveolus. tAnthocharis cardamines. §Venilia maculata. Ried fy 1905 . ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 63 but the specimens were near together; and I swept them into my hat, and clapt it quickly upon my head. They were fidgety for a while, but soon quieted down and went to sleep; and on reaching home I transferred them to the cyanide-bottle. Speaking of the cyanide-bottle: how great an improvement its use is to the old method of killing insects. Many a man, in the days I have spoken of, fixed a sheet of cork in the crown of his hat, and a supply of pins in the lapels of his coat; nipped his captures smartly under the wings with the tips of his thumb and fore-finger; pinned them ready for setting, and then stowed them away in his hat. _ My own plan was to carry a small vial of chloroform and a few pieces of twine about two inches long in my vest pocket, and a few nests of chip-boxes in a special pocket of my coat. When I had boxed a specimen I slipped in one of the pieces of twine wet with the chloroform, to send it to sleep; and when I reached home I gave it its final quietus by piercing it under the wings with a steel pen dipped in a solution of oxalic acid. I found this a good plan, and I often make use of it still. Before the cyanide-bottle was fairly established, men tried various ex- pedients,—bruised laurel-leaves, formic acid, ete. One entomologist advo- eated, in doggerel verse, a new agent :— “An agent nothing can surpass, Will insects instant kill, For preservation, too, as well, This wondrous agent let me tell,--- Five drops, or ten, of nothing but Essential oil of cajeput.’’ W. iH. There are many advantages now open to the Canadian entomologist, for which he may consider himself highly favored. There is the great advan- tage of having so able and obliging a scientist as Dr. James Fletcher of the Department of Agriculture, to consult in his difficulties—one from whom he may feel sure of receiving a courteous reply to his enquiries, and valuable information. Again, the privilege is open to him of membership in the Entomological Society of Ontario, either directly with the parent stem, or through one of its branches. And in this connection, I congratulate Professor Sherman and the members of the newly-formed Branch in Guelph. One of the helps they will receive in their studies will be the receipt monthly of the Canadian Entomologist, a publication in which Dr. Charles J. S. Bethune has built, and is still building—and long may he continue to build— a monument that will preserve his name as long as entomologists shall be found in Canada— which I trust will be till the end of time. The annual meetings of the Society present opportunities to be highly prized. ‘‘Like as iron sharpeneth iron, so doth the countenance of a man his friend;’’ and we cannot attend the meetings of this Society without feeling encouraged and stimulated. A meeting that will be remembered with special pleasure is this pre- sent gathering. The noble institution in which we are assembled, and its beautiful surroundings; the kindness of Principal Creelman and the mem- bers of his staff; the presence with us of Professor J. B. Smith; his wonder- ful description of the mosquito and its habits, so beautifully illustrated, will all afford us delightful reflections. 64 THE) REPORD. OF WHE No. 19 Who amongst us has not known Professor Smith by his works? It is good, now, to look upon his face, and listen to his voice, and feel the warm grasp of his hand. I made the acquaintance of the mosquito years ago, off Anticosti. I saw the little brute alight upon my hand, and I watched it swell and change color from grey to crimson, with some amusement; but the results taught me that such pleasures could not be indulged in with impunity. Neverthe- less, as I listened to Professor Smith last night, I almost longed to be wad- ing knee-deep in those delightful swamps he showed us, and assisting those worthy fellows who were bagging the peddlers of malaria and yellow fever. Lastly, what advantages the modern student has in the number of ad- mirable works, upon every branch of entomology, that have appeared of late years. Among them are Harris’s Insects Injurious to Vegetation, Packard’s Guide, Saunders’ Insects Injurious to Fruits, Smith’s Insects of New Jer- sey, Ashmead’s Proctotrypide, Holland’s Butterfly and Moth Books, How- ard’s Insect Book, Edwards’ and Scudder’s respective works, the valuable series of Bulletins issued from Washington, Albany, and other points of ob- servation, not omitting Ottawa. May the Entomological Society of Ontario flourish! May its new Branch, the Guelph Branch, bourgeon, and blossom, and bring forth fruit to the benefit of the general community, and for many a day! ORTHOPTERA AND ODONATA FROM ALGONQUIN PARK, ONT. By E. M. Waker, B.A., M.B., Toronto. The following list of Orthoptera and Odonata is based chiefly upon col- lections made by the writer during two canoe trips in Algonquin Park, and the vicinity of Dwight, a few miles to the south-west of the Park limits. The first trip was made during the second and third weeks of August, 1902, while the second occupied the latter half of the same month in 1903. To the list of Odonata are added the names of a number of species taken by Prof. John Macoun in July, 1900, and also those of many specimens, especi- ally nymph exuvie, collected by Mr. Paul Hahn during August, 1904. I wish to express my thanks to Prof. J. G. Needham for his kindness in determining some of the more difficult species of Odonata. As August is rather late for most Dragonflies, although it is the height of the season for Orthoptera, the list of the former is by no means a repre- sentative one, but will give some idea of the dragonfly fauna of the region. It probably contains less than two-thirds of the number of species native to the district, whereas the list of Orthoptera doubtless includes more than three-fourths of the total number of species to be found there. The country traversed is an ideal one for dragonflies, abounding in lakes and streams, which vary in their course from the most placid weed-grown reaches to the swiftest rapid. The north branch of the Muskoka River, which was our chief highway in both trips, is a very characteristic ‘stream. In some parts of its course its surface is perfectly smooth for miles at a stretch, the shore low and fringed with alders, with a background of 2 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. “| 65 luxuriant balsams and spruce; in the other parts there are rocky, turbulent rapids, and the banks are much higher with a much more varied vegetation. In other places, again, the rapids are smoother and shallower, with gravelly bottoms, and there are steep sandbanks on either side. Hach kind of locality has its. peculiar species of dragonflies, more species apparently being found about the gentle rapids than elsewhere. Algonquin Park, which covers an area of about 1,600 square miles just north of the Muskoka District, lies at the extreme northern limits of the Transition life zone as it passes into the Boreal zone. Many forms of plant and animal life found within its limits do not belong to the Boreal zone in a restricted sense, but on the whole the flora and fauna are of a Boreal type. In the partly cleared and cultivated country in the vicinity of Dwight, lying to the south-west of the Park limits, several species of insects belonging to the Transition and Austral zones were met with, which did not appear within the Park limits. Among these are the following Orthoptera: Spharagemon Bolli, Scudd. A single male of average size was taken at Dwight. This locust belongs to the Austral and warmer parts of the Transition zones, and becomes smaller in the northern part of its range. It is abundant and of large size in the Austral strip along Lake Erie, but be- comes smaller and scarcer at Sarnia and Toronto, north of which I have never before taken it, except a single female from Peterboro’ County. Mecostethus lineatus, Scudd. This species was found among the sedge bordering a small lake in a brulé near Dwight. It belongs to the Transition ‘and northern parts of the Upper Austral zones, and is replaced in the Boreal by its ally, M. gracilis, Scudd., whose range in Ontario overlaps that of lineatus considerably, as it extends southward to the watershed between Lake Simcoe and Lake Ontario. JM. gracilis was not found in the Park, but doubtless occurs there. Orchelimum vulgare, Harr. This grasshopper was found in small num- bers in the fields about Dwight, but did not appear in the Park, nor could I find it at North Bay, Lake Nipissing, in September, 1900, although the proper surroundings apart from the northern latitude were apparently often met with. This species and Conocephalus ensiger, Harr., are enumerated by Seudder among the Alpine Orthoptera of the White Mountains (Appalachia, VIIl., No. IV., p. 19). Their range seems to stop short of the Boreal zone in Ontario and I found the same to be true in Quebec. Scudderia furcata, Brunn. A single male was taken near Dwight. It ranges at least as far north as Lake Nipissing, but I doubt its being a truly Boreal form. It is much commoner southwards. Except the above species, all of which were taken near Dwight, outside the Park limits, and possibly another (Nemobius palustris, Bl.), whose range is not yet well enough known, all the Orthoptera in the list are in- habitants of the Boreal zone. JV. palustris has elsewhere been taken only in the peat bogs of Northern Indiana, where several northern Orthoptera occur. Of the Odonata, the comparatively large number of Corduline, despite the fact that their season was practically over, testifies to the Boreal charac- ter of the dragonfly fauna. Most of these Corduline are represented by nymphal exuvie only. But one dragonfly, Celithemis elisa, Hagen, taken near Dwight, did not appear within the Park limits. I have never before seen it so far north. It is fairly common in the Austral and lower part of the Transition zones in Ontario. The absence of Libellule I do not regard as significant of anything but the rather late season in which most of the collecting was done, and the char- acter of the bodies of water met with. 5 ENTO. 66 THE REPORT ROB GHE No. 19 ORTHOPTERA. Acridiide.— 1. Tettix granulatus (Kirby). Common in damp places in woods. 2. Tettix acadicus (Scudd.). Several specimens of what seems to be this aes were taken beside a lumber road through a hardwood forest, August 20, 1902. 3. Lettie Handcocki, Morse. A number of long-winged examples taken from a patch of wild strawberry, lichens and short grass growing on sandy soil in a bushy field, September 2, 1902. 4. Tettigidea parvipennis (Harr. ). Immature specimens were found on low marshy parts of the river shore. 5. Chlealtis conspersa, Harr. Common in the drier parts of open woods. 6. Stenobothrus curtipennis (Harr.). Very abundant in low places wher- ever long grass occurred. 7. Mecostethus lineatus (Seudd.). A few were found flying about the sedge bordering a small lake near Dwight, August 23, 1903. 8. Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer). Young nymphs were found on the grassy hillsides near Dwight. 9. Camnula pellucida (Seudd.). Common everywhere in dry, open places in the woods and in clearings 10. Dissostetra carolina (L.). Common about Dwight and occasionally seen En clearings in the Park. Spharagemon Bolli, Scudd. One male from a dry, grassy hillside at Dwight August 23, 1903. 12. Circotettic verruculatus (Kirby). Common in cea in the Park and on sandy beach at Dwight. 13. Podisma glacialis Canadensis (Scudd.) Walk. A common and yery characteristic species, found on bushes in open woods. The specimens are smaller than those taken at North Bay on September 12, 1900, and approach the race variegata more closely. 14. Melanoplus Bruneri, Scudd. This species was found in consider- able numbers in two or three limited areas near Dwight. They were found on patches of short grass and strawberries on sandy soil. September 2, 1902, one male. August 10, 1903, many specimens. This is a western form, occurring with two or three closely allied species in the Boreal zone of the Rocky Mountain region from Alberta to New Mex- ico. In my List of Ontario Acridiide I determined it somewhat doubtfully as Bruneri from a single male, but in 1903 a number of specimens were taken and I have since been able to compare them with Scudder’s types of Brun- eri. In these the pronotum is slightly narrower and more elongate than in the majority of my specimens, but the distinction does not hold -good throughout the series and there seem to be no other characters of sufficient importance to justify the creation of a new species for my specimens. They are considerably larger than the few in the Scudder collection except one male from New Mexico. . M. Bruneri is probably a Boreal form extending across the plains or to the north of them. 15. Melanoplus atlanis (Riley). Abundant in the open sandy country about Dwight, and generally common in clearings. 16. Melanoplus tslandicus, Bl. Common in paths and openings in woods everywhere. A very characteristic sylvan species often associated with P. glacialis canadensis. - plants in open places. 1905 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 67 : 17. Melanoplus fasciatus (Walk.). A few were taken in open woods at Whisky Falls, North River, and it was occasionally met with elsewhere, but not commonly. 18. Melanoplus femur-rubrum (De G.). Common in open, grassy clear- ings and in open marshes. 19. Melanoplus luridus (Dodge). Abundant on dry hillsides and scrubby fields, on sandy soil near Dwight, and occasionally seen in clearings in the Park. There seems to be no doubt that MZ. collinus, Scudd, and luridus are synonymous. 20. Melanoplus bivittatus femoratus (Burm.). Common everywhere in rank grass in low places. Locustide.— 21. Scudderia furcata, Brunn. Dwight, August 23, 1903, one male. 22. Scudderia pistillata, Brunn. Common on bushes in open woods in the Park. Our most characteristically Boreal Locustid. 23. Orchelimum vulgare, Harr. Fig. 32. Peridroma Saucia ; a, moth ; 6, normal form of larva, lateral view ; c, same in curved rt position ; d, dark form, dorsal view ; e¢, egg from side; f, egg mass on twig (after Howard, Division of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agriculture). _ were being attacked. Mr. Cesar, who remained longer, subsequently gave _ me the more detailed report which is appended hereto. The outbreak is _ very remarkable, as nothing similar has been recorded since the year 1900, , When these cutworms appeared in enormous numbers in British Columbia _ and the neighboring Pacific Coast States and were unusually abundant in Se ae Pre 100 THE REPORT OF THE " Ne sam Manitoba, Ontario, and many of the States to the south-west of us. Dr. Fletcher, in his annual report for 1900 (pages 215 to 227), gives a very full account of the insect and its ravages in British Columbia during that year. Near Leamington the worms were first observed im clover fields, where they soon devoured the crop and left the ground bare and black; they then marched on to the next field and consumed whatever vegetation they met with ; corn and tobacco, tomatoes and other vegetables seemed especial fayor- ites for consumption. If a fruit tree happened to be in their way, they climbed it and devoured both fruit and foliage; many peach trees were thus attacked and the fruit ruined. : Like other cutworms these caterpillars feed only at night and remain — in concealment during the day, hiding in the ground where the soil is loose, and under any rubbish or other shelter that they can find. When full-grown the worm is about two inches long, with a yellowish stripe on each side above the legs, the rest of the body is darker and mottled with black, white or grey; the most characteristic feature is a row of yellow or white spots, five to seven in number, along the middle line of the back. Fig. 32. Some of the worms changed into the chrysalis stage early in August, others later; for this purpose they buried themselves in the ground and formed there an oval earthen cell. The moth, into which they finally turned, has a wing expan- sion of about an inch, and is dark blackish brown in color, often clouded with red towards the front margin of the wings, but with no conspicuous or distinguishing markings; the underwings are white with a pearly lustre. Like so many other of our most destructive insects, this one has come to us from Europe. Report spy Mr. L. Czsar to C. J. S. Beruune, Proressor or Entomoioey. Srr,—I have the honor to submit the following report of my trip to Leamington, July 26th to 29th, to aid the farmers in their struggle against an insect pest that seemed to be devouring everything before it. I arrived at Leamington about sunset, July 26th, and at once set out for the farm of W. T. Moore, who was the first to propose sending to your department for aid. By the assistance of a lantern we were able to see the caterpillars at work on Mr. Moore’s tobacco and tomatoes. They proved to be the Variegated Cutworm (Peridroma saucia) and were very numerous, Mr. Moore on one occasion counted as many as 200 on a single plant. They had begun their ravages in a small plot of second growth clover which he was keeping for seed. To check them Mr. Moore at once plowed this down and rolled it, thereby no doubt destroying countless numbers; but many still remained. Finally, in his efforts to keep them from destroying his tobacco and tomatoes he had hit upon the device of plowing a furrow ahead of them. This, in a very sandy soil like his, gave excellent results and impeded the progress of the caterpillars better than one would have thought possible, especially as they climb corn stalks and trees without difficulty. The fine grains of sand, however, yielding as they tried to climb, made an insuperable barrier in most cases. I recommended Mr. Moore to make holes with steep edges and about one foot deep at intervals of about every twenty feet in the furrows. Next morning I had a chance to see the work of the furrow and holes combined on an adjoining farm. The result was most gratifying to all of us. In every hole there was a mass of caterpillars an inch or more deep. The farmer went from hole to hole with a piece of fence rail about five feet long and pounded his foes in each hole to death, evidently taking much pleasure in the operation. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 101 Though I saw that very few caterpillars had been able to escape from the furrow and holes, yet as an extra precaution I advised that the unin- jured plants immediately in front be sprayed with a strong mixture of Paris green and water, or that poisoned bran be scattered among them. Mr. Me- Means of the Horticultural department, who was with me, suggested shorts as an alternative for bran. After arranging to come back in the afternoon and superintend the pre- paration of the poisoned bran or shorts, I was driven by Mr. Moore to sev- eral other farms which were reported to be attacked by the same pest. Of these one belonged to Mr. Quick. This gentleman, the night before I came to Leamington, had lost more than en acre of good tobacco by the attack of caterpillars. Practically nothing had been left of it. Having heard, how- ever, of the furrow plan, he at once ploughed one and the next night was delighted to observe by the aid of his lantern that it seemed to be an effec- tual barrier. I mentioned a few ways in which I thought Mr. Quick could improve his furrow and also told him of poisoned bran or spraying with Paris green as further remedies. There was evidently a good deal of scep- ticism in his mind and in the minds of some other farmers as to the efficacy of Paris green in any shape or form. Probably this was because they did not see dead caterpillars lying on the plants or on the ground where they had tried spraying. They could scarcely be expected to think of their hav- ing buried themselves and died in the ground. + However, I told them to - come down and see how the experiment with the poisoned bran resulted at Mr. Moore’s. _ The next farm visited belonged to Mr. Copeland. Here I saw the most discouraging sight I had witnessed anywhere in the district. From several acres of clover the caterpillars had spread out in a single night and attacked _ In enormous numbers about two acres of beautiful corn and ruined it. Not only had they attacked the leaves but they had eaten through and through the stalks themselves. In addition to the corn they had attacked two rows _ of peach trees that were about three years old. If one of these trees were given a quick shake numerous caterpillars would fall from their hiding place among the foliage to the ground. Here again Mr. Copeland, having heard of the furrow and holes had resorted to this device to save the rest of his crop. It was interesting to see the host of caterpillars in the large holes he had made. So strongly did he trust to his furrow and holes that he was leaving to sun to do the work of destroying the caterpillars for him. Practi- cally none seemed to be escaping, but I advised their immediate destruction in whatever way he wished, whether by boiling water, by kerosene, or by pounding with a stick as his neighbor had done. . Several more farms were visited and the best remedies I knew of ex- plained to the farmers, many of whom had no idea of what they ought to do. , : On my return to Mr. Moore’s in the afternoon I helped him to make up what little bran he had into a poisoned mixture. The method I employed “was to sweeten some water with black-strap, then moisten the bran with it and add the Paris green little by little to the moistened bran, mixing it thoroughly. I believe that a better and easier way would have been to make a paste of the Paris green with a little water and then add this gradually to the moistened bran and mix thoroughly. The trouble with the former me- thod was that in spite of every precaution the Paris green tended to form lakes and could with difficulty be got to mix up finely with the bran. It was impossible, however, to get any more bran or shorts in the town, so we ised flour and Paris green, mixing them dry. This was put on by means fa Planet Junior hand-drill, a very convenient method. Mr. Moore pro- Tre” se 102 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 mised to observe by lantern light the results of our experiments with the bran and flour mixtures respectively. So after watching some spraying of hedges around a clover field, I returned to the town. Late that night Mr. Moore met me in town and seemed very muck pleased with the experiments. He reported the poisoned flour a decided success. He had less to say about the poisoned bran. Illness during Sunday, July 28th, prevented my visiting any of the operations which I heard were going on all that day. A few farmers, however, met me and made enquiries how to fight the pest. At the request of several of the most intelligent farmers, I arranged early Monday morning for the publication and distribution of 1,000 leaflets giving instructions how to combat the caterpillars. Having seen to this and visited two in- fested farms where I saw that the foe was still under control I felt com- pelled by continued illness to return to Guelph at once. | It may be of interest to note that on at least two farms large flocks of cowbirds were seen feeding upon the caterpillars. I looked for signs of Tachina flies and other parasites, but saw none attacking the caterpillars; these were, however, great numbers of cocoons of Braconids to be found on the clover leaves. , I brought some of these home and reared several adults from them. . , Respectfully submitted, 3 L. Casar. i TWO-WINGED FLIES. By. Rev.:THos. W. Fyztes, D.C.L., F.L.S., Levis, Qus. Two-winged flies seem to be everywhere in evidence. They are met with as far north as man has made his abode; and they abound in tropical regions. In light or darkness, be the weather fair or foul, m early Spring and late Autumn—aye, and under favorable circumstances in Winter also—two- winged flies are to be found. : Baron Osten Sacken, in his ‘‘Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America,” gives the names of no less than 4,077 species of these insects; and doubtless there are many more unnamed species, belonging to the order, that will be found as time goes on and dipterologists increase. The same — distinguished naturalist groups the flies into 64 families. It may well be believed that such formidable numbers are deterrent to the study of the Diptera. Moreover, there is, I think, a prejudice, formed in early life, against the two-winged flies. The annoyance caused by house-flies, gnats, and eat- tle-flies, the abominable character of the blow-fly, the accounts of the tsetse and other hurtful species, all tend to create an utter dislike to the Diptera that is hard to overcome. I know that-as a boy I was not much impressed by the story—told as a warning—of the ill-famed and ill-starred Roman — Emperor who amused himself by killing flies. Questions arose in my youth- ful mind as to whether, in so doing, he was not acting as a public benefactor; and I am inclined to think that many a mother who in the nursery, would tell her children not to be cruel and kill flies, would, in the kitchen, spread a sheet of “tangle-foot’’? without compunction. Yes—the order Diptera is not generally regarded with favor. Never- theless, as Mr. Macy says in Silas Marner, ‘‘a fly is a fly, though it may ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 103 al be a hoss-fly,* and the habits of even this depreciated ‘“‘hoss-fly’’ are so re- - markable and its life-history is so strange, that, duly observed, they can- - not fail to interest. Undoubtedly many of the two-winged flies cause annoyance, both to man and beast; some are highly destructive to our food-supphes; some, on the other hand, are useful. in keeping down the numbers of other insects, and others again, in consuming animal and vegetable substances that would cause harmful exhalations. I shall endeavour to guard against wearying my readers with minute descriptions of many species. I hope to kindle an interest in the Diptera ; by telling of peculiarities in the structure and habits of some of the more _ remarkable of the kinds that have come under my notice. 4 The first family *n Osten Sacken’s list is the Cecidomyiidw a very im- portant group of insects. In it come two of the worst insect pests that have troubled the Agriculturist, viz., the Hessian Fly (Fig. 33), Cecidomyia de- structor, Say, and the Wheat Midge, Diplosis tritici, Kirby (Figs. 34 and paeuu). Fig. 33.—Hessian Fly Fig. 34.—Wheat Midge—natural Fig. 35.—Wheat Kernel —greatly magnified. size shewn below. attacked by Midge. c pe 36.—Willow-gall Midge—a the Fig. 37.—Diplosis grassator—l larva, 2 pupa, 3 fly, : y, much enlarged, / antenna side view, 4 fly, under side (original). highly magnified. ae Or C: destructor, two broods appear in the year—one in May, the other in September. Each female fly lays about 30 eggs, on the blades of wheat, or of some other kind of grass. The eggs are minute, cylindrical, red points. 3. _ *“And you’re a doctor, I reckon, though you’re only a cow-doctor—for a fly’s a though it may be a hoss-fly,’’ concluded Mr. Macey, wondering a little at his own “cuteness.” —Silas Marner, ch VII 104 , THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 a Le They hatch in a week if the weather is warm; and the little white maggots work their way down between the leaf and the stem of the plant, till they come to a joint; there they commence to drain away the juices of the plant. About the first of June, the maggots go into what is called the ‘Flaxseed stage,’’ because of the shape and color of the pupa case, or “puparium.”’ The perfect insects appear in August, and lay their eggs for the second brood. Where Fall Wheat is grown it should not be sown till September; and Spring Wheat should not be sown till the end of May. Diplosis tritici became very destructive in Lower Canada in 1834. Iu 1856 it was estimated that the loss on wheat in Canada, occasioned by the Midge was $2,500,000. The perfect insect is a minute, orange-colored fly, with black eyes, yellow legs, and wings that resemble thin films of mica. It makes its appearance when the wheat is in flower; and the female lays -her eggs in the floret—the harm done by this insect is directly to the ker- nel (Fig. 35). The maggots get their growth in three weeks, and then wriggle to the ground and bury themselves, remaining unchanged through the Winter, and going into pupa in the Spring. The flies come forth in we end of June. Because of the damage done by this insect, and because Western flour can be bought so cheaply, our farmers in Quebee Province nave, very generally, abandoned the growth of wheat. A very interesting Cecidomyian is C. strobiloides,, Osten Sacken (Fig. 36). This fly lays an egg in the terminal bud of a shoot of sallow. The little orange-colored grub that comes from the egg so affects the bud, that it develops into a good-sized cone-shaped gall, which becomes dry and hard as the Winter advances. In the centre of this gall, and in a delicate, mem- braneous cocoon, the grub remains till early Spring, when it changes to a pupa. In April or May the perfect flies appear. When I was studying these creatures I opened some of the galls to watch the changes of the in- sect, and, as I thought, to aid the prisoner to escape, but the interference did harm; the fly from the open gall was always defective—as we say ‘‘crip- pled.’’ It seemed as if the effort on the part of the insect to work its way upward, was absolutely necessary to the attainment of its higher life. And in this we have one of Nature’s many parables. A fly of great economic importance is Diplosis grassator, Fyles (Fig. 37), which in this country preys upon and keeps down the numbers of the dreaded Phyllozera vastatriz, Planchon. The story of my discovery of this insect is as follows: In the summer of 1882, I spent some time at Como, on the Ottawa with my friends, Mr. and Mrs. I. J. Gibb. Growing over the fences of the high- way which ran through their estate, and extending for many yards, were several native vines. They were badly infested with Phyllorera vas- tatriz. As this pest was then exciting much attention, I was pleased with the opportunity of studying its habits. I soon found that at this place it was assailed by a formidable foe, an orange-colored dipterous larva.- The business-like way in which this creature gave the quietus to the larva of the Phylloxera aroused my curiosity, and I resolved to study the species care- fully. Accordingly I took a mass of the affected foliage home to Cowans- ville, where I then resided, and arranged for fresh supplies, properly secured, to be sent to me by post. At home I spent much time at the microscope, observing the structure, habits, and metamorphoses of the species; and I made, with the utmost care, drawings of it in its larval, pupal, and imago stages. The Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario was held that year in Montreal, and was attended by a number of scientists from the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 105 _ United States. Among them were Professors Lintner, Hagen, and Riley. I brought the insect under the notice of the meeting. No one present professed an acquaintance with it, except Dr. Wm. Saunders (see 13th An. Rep. Ent. Soe. of Ont. p. 10); but Dr. Riley, from the description given, and the speci- mens shewn, pronounced it to be a species of Diplosis. I then wrote to Dr. Williston, sending him particulars, and asking him for information He very kindly replied, furnishing me with references to a number of species of Cecidomyia, and adding: “Tt is probable that your species is not one of these, but new. Still I should examine the subject as far as possible. At all events its life’s his- tory is interesting, and worthy of immediate publication. JL. vitis is the only species in which the imago and complete life history are known.”’ Acting upon Dr. Williston’s suggestion, I sent the life-history of the insect, with illustrations to the “Canadian Entomologist.’’ They appeared in the December number of the magazine (Can. Ent. ‘Vol. XIV, p. 237), together with a confirmatory statement from Dr. Saun- ders, the editor. The number was printed January 10th, 1883. On the 27th of February, 1883, I received a kind letter from Dr. Hagen, who said, with reference to D. grassator—specimens of which I had sent him: “The fly is, I think, a Cecidomyia. I think it is not sure that it be- longs to Diplosis. At least the reticulations of the wing differ in having the median veins straight, and the fork at the hind margin wanting. You will see in Osten Sacken’s Catalogue, that the museums do not possess this type for Cecidomyia. I have gone through the literature, and find, till now, that your species is not described.” D. grassator is not a gall-producer like certain Cecidomyians spoken of by Walsh and Riley. Its Jarve do not extract sap from galls as do those of C. albovittata, Walsh. They do not feed on fungi, like those of D. coniophago, Winnertz. They have not horny hooks at the tip of the abdomen like those of C. populi, Duf. They are not white, like those of D. carye, O.S. They do not go under ground to pupate like those of Lasioptera vitis, O.S. The pupa has not two oblique processes from the anal end, like that of the Lucopis mentioned by Riley. The imago has not violet-blue spots, nor are tibie and tarsi annulated with black, as in D. maccus, Lew. It is not brownish-black with white hairs like that of C. (Diplosis) Pini, De Geer. Its thorax is not blackish above with a golden pubescence as in Lasiop- tera vitis, O.S. I think I may sav with all confidence, that my account of the insect, with the notes of Drs. Hagen and Saunders, and the illustrations given af- ford sufficient specific distinction for the recognition of the insect. If D. grassator had been carried to France with the American vines in- troduced by the Duchess of Fitzjames, the loss to the Gironde, amounting to -$100,000,000, might have been lessened, and the vineyards ultimately saved. | In the next family, the Pulicide, Packard and others have placed the Fleas. These creatures, though they have no wings, are shown by the form and habits of their larve, to be rightly placed. Of their many species two are very well known—Pulez irritans, Linneus, the Human Flea, and Cera- topsyllus serraticeps, Gervais, the Cat and Dog Flea (Fig. 38). a ’ by 106 THE REPORT OF THE Son 4 About fifty years ago an ingenious Italian (said to have belonged to a good family in his own land), was employed by Sir Edmund Head, as stew- ard, and afterwards in the same capacity by the Stadacona Club of Quebec. Bertolotto—for that was his name—obserying the structure of the flea, its great strength, and its rigid, protective armor, conceived the idea of har- nessing the insect, and turning it to account for the amusement of himself and his friends. And here I would say that I am indebted for most of the information — that I can give, respecting Bertolotto and his Fleas, to D. Jewell, Esq., broker, who was intimately acquainted with Bertolotto, Lt. Col. Gray of H. M. Customs, who was a member of the Stadacona Club during the time — of Bertolotto’s stewardship, and the Rev. E. A. W. King, M.A., Rector of St. Peter’s, who witnessed one of Bertolotto’s exhibitions in Boston, Mass., _ at the time of the American Centennial (1876). These gentlemen are all © living in Quebec. : SS ee eS Se Bertolotto broke his fleas of the habit of jumping, by confining them in a glass tube about half an inch in diameter. He fastened a silken tie around the waist of each; by means of this he could attach them to various _ contrivances. He made a small carriage, fastened fleas inside as passengers, a flea on the box as coachman, and a flea behind as footman or guard. Then — fastened fleas to the pole as horses. These soon found that “‘a long pull, a strong pull; and a pull all together,’ was the way to advance; and so the equipage moved on, to the delight of the observers. A number of like con- trivances made up a show, that from its very novelty, became popular, and consequently remunerative; and Bertolotto travelled to exhibit it. I have been told that, on a certain occasion, when giving a parlour en- tertainment, before some exalted personages, Bertolotto discovered, to his dismay, that his leading performer, his best trained flea, which he had named Napoleon, had made its escape. In the warmth of his southern tem- perament he bewailed his loss—‘Oh, my Napoleon! My Napoleon is gone! What shall I do?’’ As the escape of Napoleon the Great from Elba occasioned dismay amongst the powers of Europe, so the escape of Napoleon the Little occa- sioned disturbance in the minds of the ladies present—they anticipated dire attacks. Presently one of the fair ones hastily left the room. Soon afterwards a maid came in, bearing a plate, and on the plate a glass, and under the glass a flea. Bertolotto welcomed it with delight. But telling the story afterwards he said, “lo and behold, it was not my Napoleon at nid [33 The Rev. Mr. King thus described the performance he witnessed :— “Bertolotto stood behind a counter, and had a sheet of glass before him. His ~ visitors were seated round the room. ‘Three or four persons came up to the ~ counter at a time. Bertolotto first exhibited a small house, that he called the ‘Fleas’ Hotel’’—he had about 50 fleas in it. Then an uneducated flea, — fastened by a fine gold chain to a small ball, was shown. This flea jumped about wildly. After that a Flea Orchestra was exhibited; about twenty- — five fleas, each bearing a minute imitation musical instrument, were placed in a semicircle, and went through the motions of playing upon their instru- ments, while a musical box gave forth a tune. The Prince of Wales in In-— dia was represented; a toy elephant bearing a howdah was set out; fleas represented the prince and his attendants, and a flea was the mahout. A Military Review; the Coach and Horses; a Flea working a windlass that brought up a small bucket, ete., ete., were shown.’’ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 107 Questioned about the feeding of his fleas, Bertolotto said that he fed them only at night; and he showed a red place on his wrist—a token of the phle-botomy he had undergone the night before. When he was asked, ‘‘Where do you get your fleas?’’ he replied, ‘‘Not ‘in Massachusetts; the fleas here are too poor—they are no good. J have to send to Canada for the good ones!”’ ‘ Mr. Jewell has given me an original ticket for Bertolotto’s show. It _ Teads :— “Signor Bertolotto’s original exhibition of the EDUCATED FLEAS Now open at 39 Union Square, ; From 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. PNGIMISS1O Terence se hs COC Programmes in the Exhibition Rooms.” Between the words original and exhibition there is a small engraving . of a flea with a soldier on its back. The family Simulide is an objectionable one. I lived many years ago in a cottage near a brook, which meandered through a valley, and fell into a neighboring lake. This brook abounded _ with the pretty little trout, Salmo fontinalis...... It also abounded with the larve of the Black Fly of the North, Simuliwm molestum, Walker, which are said to be harmful to the young fry of the fish. 3 The Black Fly itself is a compact insect having a stout proboscis with _ which it inflicts a more severe wound than that given by the mosquito. I _ haye seen the faces and necks of children running with blood from the bites of this insect. here is a stately White Willow over-shadowing my yard at Levis, and other trees are near. In the calm summer evenings, when the light has been fading, I have often sat upon my verandah and watched the mazy Wdance of Plecia heteroptera, Say, plainly seen against the western after- glow. , This Insect is a black fly—entirely black; but it is “ouileless of of- fence.’”’ It belongs to the family Bibionide. ‘ The disreputable family of mosquitoes known as the Culicide have been ably set before us by Howard, Smith and other writers. Our common spe- cies at Quebec is Culex consobrinus, Robineau-Desvoidy. Drain the land, stock the pond with fish, keep the water-butts closely covered, banish the mosquitoes—“their room is better than their company. A very interesting family of two-winged flies is that of the Tipulide. ‘The typical insect of this is the Tipula, Crane-fly, or Daddy-long-legs. The finest of our Quebec Tipulide is Tipula favicans, Fab. It has an expanse of wings of nearly two and a half inches; and its legs when extend- ed reach over a space of three and a half inches diameter. The wings of this insect are prettily veined and are spotted with brown and white. Its long abdomen is light with dark brown markings. __ A very pretty Crane-fly is 7. trivittata, Say. It has three smoky brown crossing the wings, and the wing tips are clouded with the same color aN very common insect in our woods is 7. cincta, Lew. It is very Quak- -like in its coloring, having body, ai and wings of a sober drab. Smaller and brighter in color is Be es ye Fab. Its prevailing olor is orange-red. 108 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 Pedicia albivitta, Walker, is a larger and handsome Crane-fly. It may be readily distinguished by its brown costa and the obtuse-angled trian- gle raised upon it. In the male of the species there is a brown line running from the obtuse angle to the hind margin of the wing. In June, 1896, I took, in the grounds of my friend Mr. Wheeler, at Bergerville, a fine species of Ctenophora. Its head and thorax are jet black, polished; its abdomen is black, excepting the two first segments which are Fig. 38. Cat and Dog Flea, greatly : Fig. 39. . Bittacomorpha Cla- magnified ; a the egg. vipes. (original). ’ Fig. 42. Pterodontia Black Horse Fly ; Tabanus atratus. Fig. 41. Robber Fly ; Asilus. _flartpes (original), Fig. 44. 1. Odynerustigres. 2. Tem- Fig. 45. Tachina Fly, parasite Fig. 43. Syrphus Fly. nostoma bombilans (original). of the Army-worm. bright red. The legs are red. The wings are somewhat smoky; their veins are dark brown distinctly marked, and there is a brown spot on the costa at about one-third the length of the wing, counting from the tip. But I think the most remarkable of the near relatives of the Tipulide is Bittacomorpha clavipes, Fabricius (Fig. 39). This creature has trans- ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 109 parent wings, a thin body, and long legs banded with white. When it flies you do not see its wings—it seems to float like a film. It is an insect fairy. One female Crane-fly will lay about 300 eggs. These are small, black and glossy. They are laid in, or close to, the ground. The grubs that come from them are familiarly known as Leather-jackets. They feed on the roots of grasses, corn, etc., and sometimes do much damage. Unlike other mag- gots the larva of the Crane-fly has a well-marked head, black and horny, with a pair of strong black jaws; and a pair of small horns. At the blunt extremity of the creature are four tubercles. The grubs turn to pup in the ground; and the flies appear towards the end of summer. Fall ploughing, rotation of crops, lime-dressing for the land, drainage, all help to keep the numbers of the Leather-jackets down. The perfect flies are quite harmless. They are remarkable for the seeming ease with which they part with their limbs. [I find it rather a difficult matter to obtain perfect cabinet specimens of them. In the Coenomyiide comes the Cenomyia pallida of Say. This fly is figured by Gosse in the Canadian Naturalist p. 199. It is believed to be the same as the C. ferruginea of Europe. I have four fine specimens in my collection. They were taken in the Eastern Townships, at different times. The fly is fawn-colored throughout, with large blue-black eyes. The family Stratiomyide numbers some fine insects. One of them is quite common at Quebec, viz., Stratiomyia obesa, Low. It has a yellow face jet black eyes, a black body ” marked with yellow stripes; its legs are yel- low, and its wings are light fawn-colored, ‘darker on the fore part of the wing. It is a handsome fly. A family of objectionable insects is the Tabanide. Amongst them ‘comes that annoying fly, Chrysops fugaz, Walker, which does its worst to spoil the entomologist’s pleasure in the woods and fields, especially when there are cattle near. This fly is black, and has a brown patch in the cen- tre of the wing. There is no mistaking it—its incessant audacious attacks make it known. Happily we have not in Quebec the formidable Tabanus atratus, Fab. _ (Fig. 40). But the fine fly Tabanus rufus, Palisot Beauvois, often made _ its appearance round my stable when I kept a horse and cows. It is three- _ quarters of an inch in length of body, and an inch and a half in expanse of wings. Its prevailing color is brick-red. & To the Asilide belong the Robber Flies (Fig. 41), which are so nanan ' from their habit of pouncing down upon the backs of other insects and de- _ stroying them. i I have seen the King Bird alight, with the utmost daring and dexterity, © _ upon the shoulders of the Hen Hawk, and peck at its head to drive it away _ from the neighborhood in which the little King Birds were gathered. And the Robber Flies do not hesitate to pounce down upon such formidable in- eg t r ' td sects as wasps and bees—not merely to put them to flight, but to drain away their life-juices. Our commonest kind is Asilus Nove-Scotiw, Macquart. The Bombylide are an interesting family. From their habit of hover- ing over blossoms, they are called Bee Flies. Anthrax fulviana, Say, is quite common at Quebec. Its brown body is covered with a yellow down, and its wings have an irregular brown border along the costa. A less bulky and prettier fly is Anthrax sinuosa, Wiedemann. This is dark ae in color, and its wings are of a rich warm brown, but have a clear Space along the hind margin. In the genus Bombylius we have fratellus, _ Weid., major, Linne, and pygmaus, Fabricius. The last named is a veri- ts i fairy. Its small brown body is edged with yellow; its wings are richly .. 110 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 — spotted with black, and have a brown bar along the costa; and its probos- cis extends in a straight line from the head—as is the case also with fratellus and major. Of the Leptide I have taken Leptis Boscii, Macquart, at Quebec; of the Empide, Rhamphomyia wmbrosa, Leew.; and of the Therevide, 7hereva senex, Walker. A fly of strange appearance is Pterodontia flavipes, Gray (Fig. 42). It is oval in shape and raised, and looks like a large Lady-bird. Its colors are black and red. It comes in the family Cyrtide. I have taken a few speci- mens of this fly at the Gomin Swamp. The family Syrphide contains a number of remarkable flies. Some of them have a strange resemblance to wasps (Fig. 43). One day when seeking in the woods for additions to my collections of the Vespide, I saw what I took to be a fine female of V. arenaria. I caught it and found that it was a specimen of the Syrphid, Spilomyia fusca, Lew. Milesia eccentrica, Harris, resembles a yellow wasp, and so in less de- gree, does Chrysotozum derivatum, Walker. Temnostoma bombylans is a handsome fly belonging to the Syrphide. I do not know its history; but the creature bears so striking a resemblance to Odynerus tigres, that I suspect it to be a familiar of that wasp (Fig. 44). Sericomyia militaris, Walker, is quite common at Quebec. It proba- bly derives its name from the yellow bands on its abdomen, which look like the facings of a soldier’s coat. Spilomyia quadrifasciatus, Say, is a large, handsome fly. Its long, cylindrical abdomen has a conspicuous golden band round the upper part. The rat-tailed maggots of Hristalis tenaz, Linneus, thrive in polluted water. The tail is a breathing-tube. The flies of the species may easily be mistaken for drones of the Hive Bees, and are commonly called Drone Flies. Besides this species, H. transversus, Wied., and E. dimidiatus, Wied., are common at Quebec. Volucella evecta, Walk., is very common with us. Its Larve are found in Bumble Bees’ nests. I have taken three specimens of the pretty fly Conops furcillatus upon flower-heads. The larve of the Conopide are said to be parasitic in the bodies of Bumble Bees.* In the (stride we find the Bot-flies of the horse, ox, sheep, etc. The Horse Bot-fly, Gastrophilus equi, Meigen, lays its eggs on the fore-legs of _ the horse. The larva, leaving the egg, causes irritation and is licked off by the horse. It is aes)? in the saliva to the stomach of the animal. There it attaches itself, and from thence on getting its growth, it is voided. ) The larve of the Ox Bot- fly or ‘‘Warble-fly,”’ Hypoderma bovis, Fab., cause tumors in the back of the ox, which injure the skin—a arabes hide is of one-third less value than a sound one. The Sheep Bot-fly, @strus ovis, Lin., lays living maggots in the nostrils | of the sheep. These crawl into the frontal hollows of the sheep’s head, and get their growth there. The family Tachinide is a large one, Fig. 45. In it we have Histricta vivida, Harris, a showy bustling insect, with a rounded, red abdomen, set with black bristles. It is common and well known. *“The Conopians undergo their transformations in the bodies of humble bees, their young subsisting on the fat contained within the abdomen of their luckless victims.’’— Harris, ‘‘Insects Injurious to Vegetation,’ p. 611 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 111 Another fine insect in the same family is Echinomyia forum, Walker. t is of a glossy blue-black, with light sienna-colored wings, and has a yellow patch on either side of the first joint of the abdomen. Gonia capitata, DeGeer, is a prettily banded fly, also in the Tachinide. it frequents flower-heads, and was abundant at Quebec two years ago. A fly of strange habits is Sarcophaga sarracenie, Riley, Fig. 46, belong- ing to the family Sarcophagide. In the pitchers of the plant, iar racenta _ purpurea, will be found a decaying mass of insects, which had been attracted by, and drowned in, the liquid that the pitchers contain. Into this corrupting mass the fly, S. sarracenie drops her eggs. The maggots from these thrive in pollution and, after attaining their growth, bite a way through the side of the pitcher and fall into the surrounding herbage, in which they undergo. _ the pupal change. t The Muscide form another large family, Fig. 47. In it we find Musca domestica, Linn., Lucilia Cesar, Linn., Sarcophaga carnaria, Linn., house- hold pests too well known. In the Anthomyide comes the troublesome Anthomyia raphanz, Harris, which spoils our radishes. t The ochre-colored Dung-fly, Scatophaga stercoraria, Linn., is common. Tt is a representative of the Cordyluride. t “a Cr -_r, Ffg. 46.—Sarcophaga sarraceniz. Fig. 47.—A Muscid Fly. b Among the Ortalide is found that has! remarkable and handsome fly, i Pergata undata, Wied., which is figured on page 610 of ‘‘Insects Injurious Bio Vegetation”’ by Harris. I have taken several specimens of this fine fly in the Eastern Townships. Another beautiful insect belonging to this family is Chetopsis enea, Wied. It has a glossy blue body, and pretty banded wings. I have found its maggots preying upon Lepidopterous larve, in the stems of bulrushes, and have raised the perfect insects from them. _ Of insects in the family Trypetide I have taken at Quebec, Straussia longipennis, Wied., Eutreta sparsa, Wied., Eurosta solidaginis, Fitch, and Tephritis albiceps, Ticsw. Tt is Hurosta solidaginis that inhabits the large, round pithy galls that are found on the Golden Rod. In the Piophilide comes the well known Piophila casei, Linn., whose larve are the “hoppers’’ found in cheese. _ here are some other families of Diptera to which it does not come within my present purpose to refer. I have endeavored to compress within e limits of this article such information as seemed to me likely to arouse an Betcrest ; in the two winged flies, and to convey ideas of their number, variety a md habits. Every species has doubtless its peculiar life-history —known or Thee own, toman. Every species fulfils its purpose in the economy of Nature. hey all bear testimony to the marvellous resources of the Divine Creator, who in Wisdom hath made them all. a ee ae wae A te beat: 112 THE REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. No. 19) : me : SUMMER MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. A summer meeting of the Society was held at the Ontario Agricultural ~ College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, July 4 and 5, 1907. Through the © kindness of President Creelman the members from a distance were hospitably entertained in the College residence during their visit, the ladies of the party being provided for in the Macdonald Hall. The number i in attendance was — smaller than anticipated, many who had been looking forward to taking part in the meeting being prevented from coming by a variety of causes. A very satisfactory audience, however, was made up by the Summer School of Ontario teachers from the Macdonald Institute, and several students and — members of the College staff. The sessions began on Thursday afternoon — in the lecture-room of the Biological Department, the President of the — Society, Dr. Fletcher of Ottawa, being in the chair. Mr. H. H. Lyman, of Montreal, read a paper on the distinctions between Thecla calanus and — Edwardsi. | Dr. Brodie, of Toronto, described the life-history of a colony of the Tent . Caterpillar. and related his experiences in breeding a large number during a series of years in order to observe the effects of parasites upon them. Dr. Fletcher gave an account of a visit he recently paid to Massachusetts and described what was being done to control the Brown-tail and Gypsy moths ~ by the importation of parasites from Europe and by practical field operations. Mr. C. W. Nash, of Toronto, spoke on ‘“‘Balance in Nature,” in which he described in a very interesting manner some of the numerous checks and counter-checks which are provided in order to prevent the undue preponder- ance or the extermination of any particular species, and showed how this balance had been upset by man’s disturbing agency and the difficult problems that had arisen in consequence. A discussion followed which was partici- pated in by the chairman, Dr. Brodie, Prof. Bethune, Mr. Jarvis, Mr. Cxsar and others. In the evening the session was held in the Nature Study Lecture-room of the Macdonald Institute and was attended by the Summer School and a number of sovlicrs from the town and College as well as by the members of the Society. Henry Skinner, of Philadelphia, gave a highly interesting lecture on eave as Carriers of Diseases.’’ Mr. . W. Nash followed with | a lively address on “Instinct vs. Education’’ and Dr. Fletcher spoke in his usual attractive manner on “Nature Study as a Means of Education.”” The evening was thoroughly enjoyed by all present and no doubt the school teachers carried away with them much information and many impressions that will be of value to them in the future. The next day, July 5th, was given up to an excursion to Puslinch Lake, a picturesque sheet of water about nine miles from the College. The Summer School joined in the picnic, making up a party of more than sixty in all. The day was spent in collecting botanical and entomological specimens and other objects of interest. At the close short addresses were given by members of the College staff and others on various specimens that had been brought in, including fresh-water shells, insects, and plants. The meeting on the whole was so delightful and successful an experiment that it will no doubt be re- peated in future years and become annually more attractive and well-attended. 5 é > . . . . vf the Department of Marine and Fisheries, collected during the Inst summer ENTOMOLOGICAL RECORD, 1907. By Dr. James Frercurer anp ArtTHuR Gipson, Ottawa. The season of 1907-in Canada will long be remembered for its unusual and irregular character. The spring, right across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific, was cold, dry and late. As a consequence, insects of all kinds were remarkably scarce, and the paucity of insect life in April and May had a direct effect on bird life as well as in many places also upon the fruit crops. Where fruit growers were fortunate enough to have colonies of bees near their grounds there was a conspicuous advantage to the crop from the much larger number of flowers which were fertilized by these useful agents and friends of the fruit grower. The main migration of warblers and other insect-eating birds was much delayed by cool weather and the tardy revival of insect life. The exceptionally backward nature of the season con- tinued throughout the summer and was only in a measure compensated for by the long open autumn without killing frosts. From an entomological point of view, we seem to be passing through a period of “‘poor years,’’ which began with the year 1901. Notwithstanding this, there has perhaps never heen a time when better work has been done in investigating the insect fauna of the country. This is directly due to the far higher appreciation of the value of entomological studies, the greater number of workers and the im- proved facilities for those studying insects to get into touch with others of similar interests. The appearance of several elementary works on various branches of the subject. such as tlte Insect Book, the Butterfly Book and the Moth Book, have acted as a stimulus to direct the attention of students to, and encourage them in the study of entomology. Loca] Natural History Societies, Horticultural Societies and schools, in all parts of the country, are devoting more time than ever before to the habits of insects, and the observations of their members are being published for the help and encouragement of others. Agricultural journals now include regularly articles upon the insect foes and friends of the farmer. The value of these articles depends entirely upon their scientific accuracy, and there is a constant demand for information on the life histories of insects. Such facts as this information is founded upon, can only be learnt by careful and close personal observation by the trained entomologist. The members of the Entomological Society of Ontario, located in all parts of the Dominion, are collecting assiduously and, in the pages of the Canadian Entomologist and of the Annual Reports, are making known their discoveries for the benefit of the whole country. During the past year, in addition to the constant and important work of many collectors who have not the opportunity to travel from their own home fields of action, several collectors have penetrated to little known fields of work and have brought back many treasures, which in due time will be worked up and reported upon; thus, useful knowledge will be disseminated as to the geographical distribution of species, their life habits, and varying foods in widely separated localities. Of the officers of the Geological Survey Depart- ment, Mr. Joseph Keele, collected during the past summer along parts of the Stewart and Pelly Rivers in the far off Yukon. Mr. W. J. Wilson again visited the Hudson Bay slope and was this year along the height of land. Mr. T. P. Reilly, of the Alaska Boundary Survey, and Mr. Douglas H. Nelles, of the same Survey, brought back small collections, the former from near Sixty Mile River, along the 141st meridian in the Yukon, and the latter from Bartlett Bay, off Glacier Bay, Alaska. Mr. Andrew Halkett, Naturalist 8 EN. [ 113 ] 114 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 in the Provinces of Saskatchewan, around the Qu’Appelle Lakes, and in Alberta around Beaver Lake, which localities he was visiting to study the local fishes, but found time to collect several interesting insects. Mr. J. B. Wallis, of Winnipeg, collected at Banff, in the Rocky Mountains, and at Peachland, in the Okanagan Valley, B.C., where he made large collections of insects during July and August. Dr. E. M. Walker, of Toronto, spent the summer at the Georgian Bay Biological Station, at Go Home Bay, Ont., where he made interesting observations on aquatic insects. He also took short trips to Nepigon and Fort William, where he made important collec- tions of orthoptera and odonata. In the month of June, Mr. W. D. Kearfott, the well known microlepidopterist, of Montclair, N.J., paid a visit of a few days to Ottawa, where he made large collections at various places in the dis- trict. Dr. Henry Skinner, of Philadelphia, also visited Canada and, after addressing our members at the summer meeting in the beginning of July, proceeded with Dr. Fletcher to Nepigon where two days were spent. They then went to Aweme, Man., and had four days collecting with the Messrs. Criddle, after which a long trip was taken in company with Mr. T. N. Will- ing, along the Canadian Northern Railway; districts visited were, the Goose Lake district west of Saskatoon, Duck Lake, Prince Albert, Kinistino, Radis- son, Lloydminster, Edmonton, Calgary, Banff and Laggan. From Laggan Dr. Fletcher went alone to Vancouver Island. Large numbers of insects were collected in all localities mentioned above. Mr. Gibson spent the first three weeks in September at Rostrevor, on Lake Rosseau, Muskoka, and not- withstanding the unfavorable season, collected enough insects to indicate the richness of the locality. Mrs. Nicholl, of Bridgend, South Wales, this year made a third expedition to the Rocky Mountains and British Columbia, for the special purpose of collecting butterflies. In part of her expedition she was accompanied by Mr. F. H. Wolley-Dod, and, on the whole, these trips were very successful. Mr. Dod has kindly provided us with several of Mrs. Nicholl’s records in addition to his own, and there is much of the material still to be worked up. We have again to express our great obligation to the leading specialists in the United States for their constant courtesies in naming material for our Canadian collectors. Dr. Howard, of Washington, with his assistants; Dr. J. B. Smith, of New Brunswick, N.J., Prof. H. F. Wickham, of Iowa City, Mr. W. D. Kearfott, of Montclair, N.J., and Mr. E. P. VanDuzee, of Buffalo, have placed us all under deep obligations to them. Sir George F. Hampson, of the British Museum, has not only sent several copies of his valuable cata- logue to those who have contributed specimens to the British Museum, but has also corrected the names of some species which had been standing under wrong names in Canadian collections for some years. LITERATURE. Among the many valuable works, reports and separate papers which have dealt with Canadian insects and which have appeared during the past year, special mention may be made of the following: Buscx, August, Revision of the American Moths of the Genus Argyres- thia (separate from Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. XX XIT., pps oMte 24, plate IV., V.), Washington, D.C., 1907. In this important pamphlet, ~ Mr. Buseck gives a monograph of the American species of these most attractive and beautiful little moths. All the species are figured except three doubtful species which are unknown to the author. Of particular interest to Canadian collectors are A. conjugella which is occasionally destructive to apples in British Columbia and A. thuiella, which has been noticeably injurious to the Sa EN. - a . . | ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 115 _ American Arbor-vite, or White Cedar, of Eastern Ontario and Western Que- _ bee, for the past three years. With Mr. Busck’s excellent paper there should be no trouble in recognizing any species that have been described. - Caupett, Andrew Nelson, The Decticine (a group of Orthoptera) of North America, ninety-four figures. (Separate from Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXXII, pp. 285-410, published May 23, 1907.) An important paper and one which will be of great help to those studying Orthoptera. Mr. Caudell deals in an exhaustive way with a group which has been found very troublesome to students. His opportunities to study a large number of specimens and also of having travelled extensively in the localities where many species occur have given him facilities which few have enjoyed. The figures given are excellent and will be of great assistance to those working at these difficult insects. Several published species have been reduced to _ synonyms and new genera have been erected, but the work is very thorough and all orthopterists will be grateful to the author for this timely monograph. CuittenDen, F. H., Sc.D., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Insects Injurious to Vegetables. Small 8vo. New York. Orange Judd Co., 262 pp., 163 illustrations. This is a handy little manual treating briefly of the best known insects which attack vegetable crops and giving the remedies usually applied. Preliminary chapters deal with the value of a knowledge of entomology, the classification of insects, practical agriculture and artificial remedies, and apparatus. Not only will this book be of use to gardeners, but it should be a convenient handbook for students and teachers. Dyar, H. G., Report on the Mosquitoes of the Coast Region of California, with Descriptions of New Species. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXXII, pp. 121-129). Although a paper of only a few pages, this article by Dr. Dyar will be read with much interest by our western dipterists, as it deals with many species which are found in British Columbia and some other parts -. of Canada. Anopheles maculipennis of the West is now Anopheles occiden- _ talis D. & K. A majority of the species treated either have been already _ found in British Columbia or are sure to be discovered as more extensive collections are made. The value of securing the preparatory stages is shown in many instances in the present paper. Anyone having opportunities of rearing the larve of mosquitoes should be careful to save the exuvie and _ forward them to Dr. Dyar with the specimens for examination, remembering always that a few perfect specimens are of far more value than a large num- _ ber of broken ones. Casry, T. L., A Revision of the American Components. of the Tenebrio- - nid sub-family Tentyriine (Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. IX, pp. _ 275-522). October 18, 1907. In this important work Major Casey mono- graphs in a thorough manner and brings up to date all that is known of “that part of the great family Tenebrionide, having the abdominal segments un- _ modified by a coriaceous hind margin and the middle coxe enclosed externally _ by the sterna alone, without the intervention of a small piece attached to the _ coxee and sometimes separating the sterna, known as the trochantin.’’ This _ was Leconte and Horn’s definition of the subfamily and has been adopted tentatively for the meantime. The author suggests that he may have over- _ stepped the limit of prevailing conservatism in proposing new genera, but the high quality of Major Casey’s work during many years has prov d that although it has occasionally been somewhat severely, criticised, on account of this very feature, and the great convenience and stability of a large ‘proportion of his differentiations, these are being adopted more and more even by the most conservative. As in the case of his work on Staphylinide, . noticed last year, much foreign material has been used in making comparison ‘ 116 THE REPORT OF THE No: 19 with American forms. The advantage of this is shown in many places. We trust that Major Casey may at no very distant date treat the other subfamilies the Tenebrionide in the same thorough manner as he has done in this pub- ication. 3 : GittettTE, C. P., Chermes of Colorado Conifers (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia) January, 1907 (separates issued April 2, 1907), pp. 22, plates 11. ‘This article by Prof. Gillette is the most important contribu- tion towards our knowledge of the spruce gall lice which has yet appeared. It is copiously and beautifully illustrated and the different new species described are dealt with in an exhaustive manner. Chermes Cooleyi is the name given to the large and handsome gall found in British Columbia upon the Sitcha Spruce, and the gall, as well as the insect in all its stages of de- velopment, are figured and described with great detail. This paper will be welcomed by all homopterists who will be glad to have these different species characterized. In the past nearly all the -gall making species of Chermes found on spruce have been called Chermes abietis. Hampson, Sir. George F., (Bart.), Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phal- zene in the British Museum, Vol. VI, Noctuide, 1906, pp. 532, plates. XCVI to CVII. Sir George Hampson’s new volume appeared early in the year and through his kindness and that of the Trustees of the British Museum was presented to several of the members of our Society who had helped by send- ing good specimens to the British Museum collection. This volume is of particular interest to Canadians from the large proportion of insects belong- ing to our fauna which are included among the 692 species described. Of the 322 coloured figures given on the plates no less than 141 species have been already taken in Canada or are quite likely to occur within our limits. The range of the present volume is ‘“‘the Cuculliane, the third of the fifteen sub-families into which the Noctuide are divided. This subfamily is characterized by its trifid neuration of the hind wing combined with spine- less tibia and smooth eyes surrounded by eyelashes of bristle-like hairs. It forms a group of genera very closely related to the Acronyctine, the lowest of the subfamilies of the Noctuide Trifine.’’ This volume is of great importance to all North American students. From correspondence with Sir George Hampson it is apparent that there are a great many species of North American Noctuide, of which good specimens would be most acceptable for the British Museum. It is manifestly to the advantage of everyone to help now by sending specimens to Sir George Hampson, particularly those concerning the identity of which there is any doubt. He will gladly examine and report upon them. It may be noted that Prof. J. B. Smith, who is one of ourselves, is closely in touch with Sir George Hamp- son and has been of great assistance to him in the vol me now referred to. Kearrotr, W. D., New North American Tortricide; Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, Vol. XXXIII, No. 1, pp. 1 to 98. (Separate signatures mailed as issued between Feb. 2 and March 27, 1907.) In this article 159 species and 4 varieties are described as new, and of these 20 species are from Canada. This valuable contrib tion will be of great value to Canadian students of microlepidoptera, in whose behalf the author has been so untiring in his efforts. Many hundreds of speci- mens have been submitted to him from collectors in all parts of the country and he has been most generous in naming and returning authoritatively — labelled material. Our Ottawa members not only had the great pleasure of meeting Mr. Kearfott when he paid us a short visit last spring but had th privilege of accompanying him to the field, where they got muct valu- able information as to the best ways of collecting and rearing microlepid- optera. Mr. Kearfott’s enthusiasm was an inspiration. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 117 The following is a list of the names and addresses of collectors heard from during 1907. Anderson, E. M., Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C. Albert, Rev. Roger, Maisonneuve, Que. Baird, Thomas, High River, Alta. | Baldwin, J. W., 74 Besserer Street, Ottawa. | Bédard, Jos., Ste Croix, Que. 4 Bethune, Rey. Prof., O. A. C., Guelph. Boulton, A. R. M., c/o King Brothers, Quebec, Que. f Brodie, Dr. W., Provincial Museum, Toronto. : Bryant, Theo., Ladysmith, B.C. Ee Bush, A. H., 1105 Ninth Ave., Vancouver, B.C. E Chagnon, Gus., Box 186, Montreal. k Cockle, -J. W., Kalso, B.C. Criddle, Norman, Treesbank, Man. ‘ Dawson, Horace, Hymers, Ont. ! Denny, Edward, 200 Mitcheson St., Montreal. Dent, W. A., Sarnia, Ont. DeWolfe, L. A., Truro, N.S. Dod, F. H. Wolley, Millarville, Alta. ¥ Evans, J. D., Trenton, Ont. b Fletcher, James, Experimental Farm, Ottawa. ; Fyles, Rev. T. W., Levis, Que. | F Gibson, Arthur, Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Hahn, Paul, 483 Indian Road, Toronto. Halkett, A., Fisheries Museum, Ottawa. Hanham, A. W., Duncans, B.C. Harrington, W. H., P.O. Dept., Ottawa. Harvey, R. V., Victoria, B.C. Heath, E. F., Cartwright, Man. Hudson, A. F., Millarville, Alta. Jarvis, T. D., O. A. C., Guelph, Ont. Keele, Jos., Geological Survey, Ottawa. Keen, Rev. J. H., Metlakatla, B.C. Létourneau, Jos., Exp. Farm, Ottawa. Lyman, H. H., 74 McTavish Street, Montreal. Marmont, L. E., 2553 Second Ave. West, Vancouver, B.C. McIntosh, W., St. John,*N.B., Metcalfe, W., 288 Bank Street, Ottawa. - Moore, W. H., Scotch Lake, N.B. Payne, H. G., Granville Ferry, N.S. Perrin, Jos., McNab’s Island, Halifax, N.S. Russell, John, Digby, N.S. Sanson, N.B., Banff, Alta. Saunders, Henry, 21 Harbord St., Toronto. Sherman, R. S., 2285 Sixth Ave., Vancouver, B.C. Simpson, W., Dom’n Observatory, Ottawa. Taylor, Rev. G. W., Wellington, B.C. Venables, E. P., Vernon, B.C. Walker, Dr. E. M., 99 St. George St., Toronto. Wallis, J. B., Machray School, Winnipeg, Man. Williams, J. B., 125 College St., Toronto. Willing, T. N:., Regina, Sask. Wilmot, E. S., Vernon, ‘B. C. 118 Wilson, W. J., Geological Survey, Ottawa. THE REPORT OF THE Winn, A. F., 1382 Springfield Ave., Westmount, Que. Young, C. H., Geological Survey, Ottawa. Zavitz, E. J., O.A.C., Guelph. NOTES OF CAPTURES. LEPIDOPTERA. (Arranged according to Dyar’s List of North American Lepidoptera, U. S. N. M. Bull. No. 52.). RHOPALOCERA. (Dyar’s number.) 8. TLE 14. 16. ire 38. 42. 62. 7. 128. 143. 144. 169. 218. Papilio daunus, Bdy. Vernon, B.C., (Venables). Papilio glaucus, aae turnus, ie De Henry Skinner, of Philadel phia, took a perfect specimen of the melanic form named fletchert by Kemp, at White River, Ont., on the Canadian Pacific Railway, where it was flying with scores of the ordinary form, around a damp spot below the platform. Papilio thoas, L. Several specimens of this southern butterfly were taken in Ontario during the past season; Trenton, Sept. 21, (Evans); Sarnia, Oct. 9, (Dent); Niagara Glen, Sept. 3, (Wil- liams). Papilio machaon, L., a aliaska, Scudd. Mouth of Campbell Creek, Pelly River, Yukon, July 8, (Keele). Papilio bairdii, Edw., a. oregonia, Edw. Peachland, B.C., July 27, (Wallis). Pontia napi, L., b. hulda. Edw. Pelly River, July 15, (Keele). Synchloe creusa, D. & H. Laggan, Mount St. Piran, near timber line, July 17, scarce, (Dod); Banff, (Sanson). Eurymus meadii, Edw., a. elis, Strk. The commonest Colias on the head waters of the Athabasca River, (Mrs. Nicholl). Eurymus nastes, Bdv. Near Taku River, Northern British Columbia, August 8, 1906, (Bryant). : Argynnis eurynome, Edw. ec. artonis, Edw. Duck Lake, Sask., July 22, (Fletcher). Brenthis alberta, Edw. On mountains near the head waters of the Athabasca and Saskatchewan Rivers, fairly swarming in many places, end of July, (Mrs. Nicholl). Brenthis astarte, D. & H. On mountains near the headwaters of the Athabasca and Saskatchewan Rivers, end of July (Mrs. Nicholl). Dr. Henry Skinner tells us that 2 specimens were also taken on Mount Athabasca (altitude 7,200 feet) by Mrs. C. Schaeffer, of Philadelphia. Charidryas hanhamz, Fletcher. Treesbank, Man., July 15, several specimens, (Criddle, Fletcher, Skinner). Cinclidia harrisii, Scud. Blackburn, Ont., June 28, July 5, (Young) Go Home, Ont. (Walker). Aglais milberti, Godt. Scotch Lake, N.B. This species has been observed here since the beginning of October. It is one of the rarest butterflies in this section. (W. H. Moore). ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 119 ‘ 270. Erebia disa, Thun., a. mancinus, D. & H. Headwaters of Saskat- chewan, end of July, (Mrs. Nicholl). s 291. Eneis chryzus, D. & H., a. calais, Scudd. Go Home Bay, Ont., : June 16, (Walker). This interesting insect is very little ioe The specimens described by Scudder were collected by Drexel from near Rupert House at the south-eastern extremity of Hudson Bay. It has also been taken at Carbonear, Newfoundland. Scudder says “St appears to be confined to the high northern regions of the east- ern half of the continent.’’ Its nearest ally is @. chryzus, a com- mon insect in the main chain of the Rockies. 295. CWneis norna, Thun., k. brucez, Edw. Banff, Alta., on Sulphur mountain, (Sanson), occuring at from 7,500 to 8,500 feet altitude. ‘Common on all the high mountains at head of Athabasca and Saskatchewan rivers, flying with beanii, end of July, (Mrs. Nich- ; oll). 1. beaniz, Elwes. Banff, on Sulphur mountain at a height of from 7,500 to 8,500 feet. Mount Stephen and Mount Field, B.C., about 7,000 feet, July 7 and 8. I also saw it on a mountain about 12 miles east of Lake Windermere on July 13. About 10 speci- mens at Mount St. Piran, Laggan, July 16-18, including a female on the summit at about 8,600 feet and another close above Lake Agnes, below timber line, at about 6,800 feet. (Dod.). Summit of Mt. St. Piran, August 4, (Fletcher). 335. Uranotes melinus Hbn. Digby, N.S., July 20, (Russell); Peachland, 4 B.C., (Wallis). 383. Hrora leta, Edw. Meach Lake, Que., June 14, 15, (Young). 409. Cupido sepiolus, Bdy. Female seen ovipositing on the young flower buds of Hedysarum boreale at Kinistino, Alta., July 25, (Flet- cher). 437. Rusticus anna, Edw. Pelly River, below Hoole River, July 5, (Keele). 469. Pamphila palemon, Pallas. Eastman’s Springs, Ont., near Ottawa, June 19, several specimens, (Gibson & Young). Only taken once before in the Ottawa district. 488. Erynnis sassacus, Harr. Nepigon, July 9, (Fletcher & Skinner); Go Home Bay, Ont., (Walker). 526. Polites pechius, Kirby. Banff, July 27, (Sanson). 684. Lpargyreus tityrus, Fab. Cartwright, Man., June 2, one specimen, . a new record for Manitoba, (Heath). Pholus vitis, L. MeNab’s Island, Halifax, N.S., Aug. 29, (Perrin). An immigrant from the South, Mr. Perrin says that his specimen answers well to the figure of P. fasciatus as shown on Plate 3 of Holland’s Moth Book. Ampelophaga versicolor, Harr. Ottawa, August 18, (Baldwin), Montreal, July, specimen taken at Lafontaine Park, collector un- known. record sent by Mr. Winn. The larve feed on Nes@a verti- _eillata and should be looked for in August. Sphine luscitiosa, Clemens. Tukon River, branch of Megiskan River, July 20, (Wilson). Sphing canadensis, Bdv. Ottawa, July 6, (Baldwin); Quebec, July 3, (Boulton), Montreal, July, (E. C. Barwick). THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 874. 958. 960. 982. 999. 1,008. 1,012. 1,028. 1,046. 1,078. 1,146. 1,149. 1,221. 1.252.1. 1,279. Basilona imperialis, Dru. Kingston, Aug. 12, (Klugh). Larva found feeding on red and white pine in Simcoe County, Sept. 15, (Zavitz). Ecpantheria deflorata, Fab. Niagara Glen, June 30, (Hahn). Phragmatobia assimilans, Wlk., a. franconica, Slosson. Montmor- ency Falls, Que., June 14, and flying in bright sunshine at Lake Beauport, Que., June 23, (Boulton). Neoarctia yarrowi, Stretch. Mount Stephen, Field, B.C., July 7, a fresh female at rest on a rock in hot sunshine, alt. 7,000 feet. I took a larva in first moult nearby, and bred a male on July 29, from a full fed larva found on a rock in hot sunshine on the top ridge of Mount Field, on July 8. This was of the ordinary woolly bear type with moderately long hairs, black mixed with dark red. The younger larve were less black, and refused all food offered. I also took a half grown larva high up on Mount St. Piran, Laggan, on July 17. All of these specimens were akove timber line (Dod.) Apantesis virgo, L., a. citrinaria, N. & D., Ottawa, Aug. 4, (Bald- win). leit portlandia, Grt. A female on electric lamp, July 16, Field, B.C., (Dod). : Panthea acronyctoides, Walker. McNab’s Island, Halifax, N.S., (Perrin). Apatela leporina, L. Larve sent from North Head, N.B., Sept. 26, by Mr. M. R. Tuttle, and from Halifax, N.S., by Mr. C. H. Churchill. This is the first record we have of the species occurring in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Apatela radcliffei, Harvey. Montreal about end of June, (Denny); Ottawa, mature larva found on apple, Sept. 26, (Létourneau). Apatela funeralisy Grt. Montreal, June 4 and 21, July 15 and 27, (Denny); Ottawa, June 10, bred from maple, (Young). Apatela vinnula, Grt. Digby, July 5, Aug. 9, (Russell); Ottawa, (Fletcher). Apatela retardata, Wik. St. John’s, Que., July 1, (Chagnon); Ottawa, June 12, (Gibson), June 16, (Fletcher); Digby, June 26, (Russell). Apharetra dentata. Grt. Digby, Aug. 29, (Russell). Hadenella minuscula, Morr. Digby, Aug. 3, 1906, Sept. 14, 19, 1907, (Russell). In Dr. Smith’s list this species appears as Hadena minuscula. Hillia algens, Grt. Hymers, August, (Dawson); Montreal, (Winn). Hadena bridghami, G. & R., Digby, Aug. 29, Sept. 12, (Russell). Hadena ferens, Sm. Windermere, B.C., 3 specimens at light, July 11, 12, (Dod). New to British Columbia. Hadena alberta, Sm. Calgary, a few at light, July 11 to Aug. 18, (Hudson). Hadena miniota, Sm. Cartwright, one specimen Aug. 22, (Heath). Hadena enigra, Sm. Calgary, one at light, July 11, (Hudson). Hadena maida, Dyar. Kalso, Aug. 7 (Cockle); Glacier, B.C., (Mrs. Nicholl, fide Hampson, Cat. VI, p. 344). ‘ Hadena apamiformis, Gn. St. Hilaire, Que., July, (Chagnon). Hadena semilunata, Grt. Gleichen, Alta., one on flowers of Western Snowberry, July 22. I have not seen this for years. (Dod.) Hyppa indistincta, Sm. Laggan, a female at light, July 18. © “Agrees with the figure and description. I have the same species from Kalso and consider it distinct from brunne7crista.’’ (Dod.). ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 121 Laphygma frugiperda, S. & A., and var. a. obscura, Riley. Both common at sugar and light throughout September, at Montreal, (Winn & Denny). Oncocnemis atrifasciata, Morr. Truro, N.S., (DeWolfe). Oncocnemis major, Grt. Aweme, July 13, (Fletcher). Oncocnemis pudorata, Sm. Lake Agnes, Laggan, Alta., Hope Pass, B.C., (Mrs. Nicholl, fide Hampson, Cat. VI, p. 154). Oncocnemis regina, Sm. Pile of Bones hill, 6 miles north of Regina, See 10, 1886, (Fletcher). See Hampson, Cat. VI, Pl. XCIX., g. 15. -Semiophora youngti, Sm. Digby, Aug. 9, (Russell). Rhizagrotis lagena, Grt. Red Deer River, near Gleichen, a few at sugar, July 23 and 24, (Dod). Paragrotis plagigera, Morr. Calgary, July 30 and Aug. 24, at light, (Dod and Hudson). Not seen for years. This species is erron- eously recorded as olivalis in my Calgary list. (Dod.) Paragrotis pugionis, Sm. Calgary, Sept. 7, (Dod.); Aweme, July 13, (Criddle and Fletcher); Beulah, Man., (Dennis); High River, Alta., (Baird). ‘Paragrotis fumalis, Grt. Rostrevor, Lake Rosseau, Sept. 3. (Gibson). Paragrotis vulpina, Sm. Calgary, Sept. 23, (Dod). Paragrotis tristicula, Morr. Windermere, B.C., July 12, at lignt, (Dod.) New to B.C.:; Truro, N.S., (De Wolfe). A totally unex- pected locality for this species. (J. B.S.) Paragrotis infusa, Sm. Calgary, Sept. 2, (Dod). New to Alberta. Paragrotis criddlet, Sm. Aweme, Aug. 24, ’06, (Criddle). Paragrotis cocklei, Sm. Kaslo, July 27, ’04 (Cockle); Peachland, B.C., July 7, (Wallis). Paragrotis nordica, Sm. Redvers, Sask., Aug. 3, 06 (A. J. Crocker, through A. F. Winn). Mamestra purpurissata, Grt. var. crydina, Dyar. Windermere, B. C., July 10, one specimen. This agrees with specimens from Kaslo, the type locality. Dr. Smith claims that it is clearly a dis- tinct species. (Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. XV, 152, Sept. 1907.) (Dod.) Mamestra goodelli, Grt St. Hilaire, Aug. 5, (Chagnon). A northern or mountain species, (J. B. S.). amestra sutrina, Grt. Victoria, Aug. 29, (Anderson); Laggan, B.C., July 16, (Dod). Field, B.C., June 6, (Mrs. Nicholl). Mamestra artesta, Sm. High River, (Baird). Morrisomia confusa, Hub. Montreal, June 4, (Denny). Xylomiges tabulata, Grt. Montreal, 1906, (Denny). Orthodes vecors, Gn. St. Hilaire, Que., July 10, (Chagnon). Xylina thazrteri, Grt. Truro, Sept. 18. (De Wolfe). Calocampa cineritia, Grt. Truro, (De Wolfe); Montreal, (Denny); Ottawa, Oct. 17, (Young). Cucullia indicta, Sm. Calgary, (Dod, fide Hampson, VI., p. 70). Copicucullia antipoda, Strck. Penticton, B.C., (Mrs. Nicholl, fide Hampson, VI. p. 11.). Nonagria oblonga, Grt. Trenton, June 24, (Evans). Gortyna immanis, Gn. Ottawa, Sept. 14, (Fletcher); Rostrevor Muskoka, Ont., Sept. 8, (Gibson). Gortyna obliqua, Harvey. Aweme, Aug. 28, (Criddle). Papaipema cerina, Grt. Aweme, at light, one splendid specimen, Oct. 1, (Criddle). 122 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 | 2,175. Papaipema harrisii, Grt. Hymers, larve found in stems of Herac- leum lanatum, imago 2 Sept., (Dawson); Aweme, reared from same food plant, Aug. 23, (Criddle). | Papaipema pteristi, Bird. Last year we recorded under the name of Papaipema harristi, Grt., var., some Ottawa specimens reared from Pteris aquilina. Mr. Bird now informs us that this is not a variety of harrisii but a new species which he has described under the above name. Papaipema erata, Lyman, (not P. nelita, Strck.). Bred again for the fourth time from burdock, in the type locality, Montreal, (Ly- man), Papaipema eupatorii, Lyman. Montreal, one specimen bred from Eupatorium purpureum, (Lyman). 2,221. Orthosia ralla, Montreal, Aug. 24, (Chagnon). 2,288. Nycteropheta luna, Morr. Red Deer River, near Gleichen. Three specimens on thistle heads, July 24-26: two asleep after a rain storm, (Dod); Rudy, Sask., July 19, (Willing). 2,361. Schinia marginata, Haw. Ottawa, Aug. 25, (Gibson). A new record ; for the Ottawa district. 2,389. Dasyspoudea lucens, Morr. Aweme, June 21, (Criddle). This is the first Canadian record of this beautiful little moth, which belongs to the Coloradan fauna. 2,395. Melanoporphyria immortua, Grt. Redvers, Sask., June 9, 1906, (A.Y. Crocker); Aweme, Man., June 21, (Criddle). 2,406. Melicleptria sueta, Grt. Vernon, (Venables). 2,420. Heliaca diminutiva, Grt. Red Deer River, near Gleichen, J uly 25 and 26, not common, (Dod). 2,423. Heliaca nexilis, Morr. Laggan, Mt. St. Piran, at about 7,000 feet, not rare, July 16- 18, ae Wilson Pass, near head of Saskat- chewan River, July 22, (Mrs. Nicholl); Banff, (Fletcher, Sanson). 2,472. Polychrysia moneta, Fab., a. esmeralda, Oberthur. Calgary, July 30 and Aug. 13, (Dod). 2,528. Autographa Sackent, Grote. Brazeau Creek, Rockies, Aug. 3, one specimen, (Mrs. Nicholl). 2,477. Autographa metallica, Grt. Duncans, B.C., 2 specimens, (Hanham). 2,487. Autographa rogationis, Gn. Toronto, May 3, 1897, Ottawa, (Gib- son). 2,004. Autographa v-alba, Ottol. Kalso, (Cockle). Teste Ottolengui. 2,524. Autographa corrusca, Strk. Duncans, occasional, on the wing, July, Aug. and Sept., (Hanham). 2,532. Syngrapha parilis, Hub. Mt. Saskatchewan (7,500 feet), July 27, rather common (Mrs. Nicholl). This is the species figured by Ottolengui as parilis but by Holland as devergens, (Dod). 2,535. Syngrapha devergens, Hub. Wilcox Pass, Rockies, Alta., July 26, (Mrs. Nicholl per Dod). 2,696. Fruva tortricina, Zell. Calgary, one at light, July 30, (Dod). 2,769. Melipotis limbolaris, Geyer. Digby, July 28, (Russell). 2,836. Catocala luciana, Hy. Edw. Cartwright, at sugar, Sept., (Heath). 2,846. Catocala pura, Hulst. Cartwright. at sugar, Sept. 10, (Heath). 2,893. Catocala pretiosa, Lint. Cartwright, Sept. 10, (Heath). 2,953. Strenoloma lunilinea, Grt. Granville Ferry, N.S., (Payne). First Canadian record. 2,983. Ypsia undularis, Dru., a. eruginosa, Gn. Digby, June 6, (Russell). cS. . al At | ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 123 Philometra metonalis, Wlk. Windermere, B.C., July 10-12, not rare, new to B.C., (Dod). Lomanaltes eductalis, Wik. Digby, June 24, (Russell). Notodonta simplaria, Graef. Aweme, July 4, ‘Aug. 9, (Criddle). Heterocampa biundata, Wik. Truro, July 24, (De Wolfe). Heterocampa bilineata, Pack. Aweme, June 17, (Criddle). . TLanassa lignicolor, Wik. Quebec, Aug. 15, (Boulton). . Eustroma nubilata, Pack. Digby, N.S., (Russell). A western moth, which I am rather surprised to see from Nova Scotia. (G. W.T.) Hydriomena sordidata, Fab., c. quinquefasciata, Pack. Skagway District, northern B.C., (White-Fraser & Smith). Hydriomena contracta, Pack. Ottawa, Sept. 10, (Fletcher); Rost- revor, Muskoka, Sept. 15, (Gibson); Dighy, Aug. 16, (Russell). [This name should be H. contractata, Pack. (G.W. T, )]. Petrophora incursata, Hbn. Field and Emerald Lake, B.C., July 2-7; Laggan, July 18, up to 6,500 feet, (Dod); Crown Mountain, Van- couver, July 9, (Harvey). Petrophora fossaria, Taylor. Lake Agnes, Laggan, July 18, (Dod). Deilinea borealis, Hulst. Banff, June 24, a pair, (Mrs. Nicholl). Cymatophora denticulodes, Hulst. Calgary, one male at light, Aug. 3, (Dod). Anthelia taylorata, Hulst. Vancouver, May 8, (Harvey). Nacophora quernaria, S. & A. McNab’s Island, Halifax, emerged March 23, (Perrin). Jubarella danbyi, Hulst. Vancouver, one at light, April 13, (Sher- man). Plagodis approzimaria, Dyar. Kalso, May 3, (Cockle). Euchlena serrata, Dru. Trenton, July 12, not taken here before, (Evans). Marmarea occidentalis, Hulst.. Vancouver, July 1, (Harvey); Dun- cans, B.C., at light, July, a much larger species than Azelina ancetaria, flying a week or two earlier, (Hanham). Leucobrephos brephoides, Wik. Mentioned in previous records as middendorfi; see Dr. Smith’s article, Can. Ent. Nov. 1907. Three specimens, Mayo River, Yukon Territory, April 16, 1907, (J. A. Davidson, through Mr. J. Keele). These were of a very dark form similar to two specimens taken by Dr. A. P. Low, on the portage at Grand Falls, Hamilton River, Labrador, May 12, 1894. Tortricidia testacea, Pack. Duncans, three specimens at light, in July. Not previously reported from Vancouver Island, Han- ham). " Phlyctenia acutella, W\k. Toronto, (Metcalfe) ; Otte ea (Young). Pyralis costiferalis, Wlk. Trenton, one specimen, July 22, (Evans). Crambus myellus, Hbn. Vernon, (Venables). Pterophorus kellicottzi, Fish. Ottawa, (Young). Exzartema merrickanum, Kearf. Rouville, Que., July 5, (Chagnon) ; Ottawa, (Young). Olethreutes capreana, Hbn. Sudbury, (Evans). - Olethreutes wellingtoneana, Kearf. Wellington, B.C., May 19, (Taylor). Olethreutes removana, Kearf. Awemé, Aug. 16, (Criddle). Olethreutes provana, Kearf. Wellington, April, (Taylor). Olethreutes galarana, Kearf. Vernon, April 13—May 13, (Ven- ables). | 124 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 Olethreutes glitranana, Kearf. Aweme, June 29, (Criddle); Regina, July 2, (Willing); Winnipeg, (Hanham). ; Olethreutes coronana, Kearf. Aweme, July 9, (Criddle); Beulah, Man., Aug. 15, (A. J. Dennis). Eucosma fuscana, Kearf. Rounthwaite, Man., July, (L. E. Mar- mont). Eucosma tomonana, Kearf. Westmount, Que., (Winn). ; Eucosma johnsonana, Kearf. Victoria, (Taylor). Eucosma hohana, Kearf. Mount St. Piran, Alta., Aug. 17, (Dr. W. Barnes). Eucosma heathiana, Kearf. Cartwright, (Heath). Eucosma solandriana, Hbn. Montreal, June 22, (Winn); Ottawa, (Young). Eucosma madderana, Kearf. Rounthwaite, July (Marmont); Re- gina, (Willing). Thiodia awemeana, Kearf. Aweme, May 20 to June 29, (Criddle) ; Beulah, (Dennis). : Thiodia asphodelana, Kearf. Calgary, head of Pine Creek, July 2, (Dod). 5,200. Thiodia montanana, Wlsm. Aweme, Aug. 25, (Fletcher). Thiodia timidella, Clem. Montreal, June 9, (Chagnon). Proteopteryx marmontana, Kearf. Rounthwaite, June 11, (Mar- mont); Aweme, July 12-24, (Criddle); Prince Albert, Sask., July 19, (Criddle); Regina, July 15, (Fletcher). Proteopteryxz criddleana, Kearf. Aweme, July 24, Aug. 13, (Criddle) ; Rounthwaite, July, (Marmont). : _ Proteoteras torontana, Kearf. Toronto, June 5, (Gibson). Epinotia watchungana, Kearf. Aylmer, Que., June 8, (Gibson); Epinotia plumbolineana, Kearf. Wellington, June, (Taylor and Bryant). Epinotia normanana, Kearf. Aweme, June 27, (Criddle). Enarmonia prosperana, Kearf. Vernon, (Venables). Enarmonia vancouverana, Kearf. Wellington, June, (Bryant). Enarmonia youngana, Kearf. Ottawa, (Young). Enarmonia cockleana, Kearf. Ottawa, (Young). Enarmonia saundersana, Kearf. Toronto, May 24, to June Il, (Saunders). 5,276. Enarmonia americana, Wlsm. Ottawa, June 11, (Gibson). 5,314. Acleris nivisellana; Wlsm. Rostrevor, Muskoka, Sept. 7, (Gibson). Epagoge lycopodiana, Kearf. Ottawa, (Young). 5,353. Sparganothis flavibasana, Fern. Ottawa( larve common on culti- vated po One (Lonicera Japonica), June 19, moths emerged — July 2 to 6, (Kearfott and Gibson). Hysterosia tiscana, Kearf. St. Hilaire, July 7, (Winn). Hysterosia cartwrightiana, Kearf. Cartwright, (Heath). Carposina ottawana, Kearf. Ottawa, (Young). Kearfottia albifasciella, Fern. Ottawa, (Young). ‘ Choreutis silphiella, Grt. Vernon, (Venables). Recurvaria gibsonella, Kearf. Ottawa and Hull, Que., moths emerg~ ed June 29 to July 6, (Gibson). | Recurvaria contferella, Kearf. Ottawa, June 20, (Gibson). A i on an (is) H~ Trichotaphe levisella, Fyles. Levis, Que., (Fyles). Gelechia fondella, Busck. Aweme, May 30 to June 20, (Criddle) 5 Beulah, (Dennis), Rounthwaite, (Marmont). ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 125 Stenoma schlegeri, Zell. Truro, July 17, (De Wolfe). Depressaria sabulella, Wlsm. Ottawa, in house, April 16, (Gibson). lias lythrella, Wlsm. Rostrevor, Muskoka, Sept. 7, (Guib- son). 5 Mompha claudella, Kearf. Rounthwaite, July 11, (Marmont). Lithocolletis ostensackenella, Fitch. Trenton, May 11, (Evans). Incurvaria taylorella, Kearf. Wellington, (Taylor). Monopis monachella, Hbn. Aweme, Aug. 25, (Fletcher); St. Hil- aire, July 7, (Winn); Rouville, Que., July 5, (Chagnon). Tinea arcella, Fab. Montreal, June 21, (Winn). COLEOPTERA. ; (Arranged accordiag to Henshaw’s List of the Coleoptera of America, North 30a. of Mexico.) Cicindela limbata, Say. Rudy, July 19; Radisson, Sask., July 29, (Fletcher, Willing, Skinner). Cicindela hirticollis, Say. Rudy, Sask., July 19, (Fletcher). Cicindela cinctipennis, Lec. Running on high dry prairie among the grass, Rudy, July 19, (Willing). Carabus maander, Fisch. Kinloss, Ont., July 16, ’98, (per W. Brodie). Nebria metallica, Fisch, var. Metlakatla, B.C., (Keen). Amara fulvipes, Putz. One specimen from Glen Ross, Hastings Co., May 10, 1902, not previously recorded from Canada, (Evans). Dicelus teter, Bon. North Bruce Co.. Ont., (per W. Brodie). Platynus tenuis, Lec. Trenton, June, 19, Aug. 11, never taken here before, (Evans). Platynus ferreus, Hald. North Bruce Co., (per W. Brodie). Piosoma setosum, Lec. Rudy, July 20, (Fletcher). Hydaticus stagnalis, Fab. Ottawa in moss (Dr. H. M. Ami). Mr. Harrington has only twice found the species. Dytiscus circumcinctus, Ahr. Reference was made in last year’s Entomological Record to large numbers of this beetle having been taken at electric lights in Winnipeg during the month of October. On Oct. 4 of the present year, Mr. Evans again collected in Win- nipeg, over one hundred specimens in the same manner, and about the same time, Mr. T. N. Willing records that enormous numbers of the same species appeared in Regina when his two boys collected for him a pickle jar full and then stopped. Cyrtusa blandissima, Lec. Aweme, Man., June and July; burrow- ing in the sand in company with Ochodeus simplex and Bolbo- eeras lazarus. Found in the burrows made by the larger species, (Criddle). Tychus cognatus, Lec. Metlakatla, (Keen). Batrisus zepharinus, Casey. Metlakatla, (Keen). Coccinella tricuspis, Kirby. Peachland, B.C., (Wallis). . Brachyacantha albifrons, Say. Aweme July 11, (Criddle). Scymnus collaris, Melsh. Aweme, July 14, (Criddle). Pocadius helvolus, Er. Reared from a Lycoperdon, Grand Forks, B.C., Aug., 1904, (Fletcher). Alaus oculatus, lu. Vernon, July 8, (Wilmot). Timonius subauratus, Lec. Vancouver, May 4, (Harvey). Pityobius anguinus, Lee. Granville Ferry, N.S., (Payne). 126 THE REPORT OF THE No. a 4,589. Dicerca pectorosa, Lec. Kaslo, June 25, (Cockle). 4,594. Pecilonota cyanipes, Say, Radisson, July 29, on Populus tremuloides and P. balsamifera, common, (Fletcher, Willing, Skinner). ‘ 4,600. Buprestis confluens, Say. Makinak, Man., (per G. Chagnon); Aweme, July 16, Aug. 9, rare, (Criddle). P 4,729. Agrilus granulatus, Say. Makinak, Man., (per G. Chagnon). 4,779. Celetes basalis, Lec. Aweme, July 5 and 9, rare, (Criddle). 4,913. Svlis spinigera, Lec. Kaslo, June 2, (Cockle). 5,027. Malachius thevenetii, Horn. Kaslo, June 5, (Cockle). 5,110. Dolichosoma foveicolle, Kirby. Aweme, July 9, (Criddle). . 5,380. Priacma serrata, Lec. Kaslo, May 15, (Cockle). Mr. Cockle took — a fine pair of this rare beetle at Kaslo. We know of no other Cana- dian captures. It was described by Dr. J. L. Leconte in 1861 from “East of Fort Colville at Sinyak Water depot and at Camp Koote- — nay.’’ Dr. Leconte notes the variation in the size of this remark- ~ able species, length .48 to .82 inch. 5,579. Ochodeus simpler, Lec. Aweme, burrowing in sand, July 4-13, , (Criddle). : 5,591. Bolboceras lazarus, Fab. Aweme, July 19, (Criddle). 5,594. Odonteus obesus, Lec. Aweme, Sept. 2 and 7, in hole in ground, {Criddle); Rudy, July 19, (Henry Skinner). 5,822. Polyphylla decemlineata, Say. Rudy, July 19, (Willing). 5,948. Spondylis upiformis, Mann. North Bruce County, May 17, ’87, (per W. Brodie); Bear Canyon, B.C., May 30, ’85, (per W. Brodie); Banff, (Sanson). 3 5,986. Gonocallus collaris, Kirby. TIllecillewaet, B.C., May 1, ’85, (per — W. Brodie). 6,049 Romalewm simplicicolle, Hald. Port Sydney, Ont., August, 1890, (Brodie). 6,181. Xylotrechus quadrimaculatus, Hald. Ridgeway, Ont., July 28, emerging from branches of Sugar Maple, (Zavitz); Ste. Croix, Que., (Bédard). 6,222. Desmocerus auripennis Chev. Glacier, B.C., Aug. 26, (Fletcher). 6,233. Centrodera decolorata, Harr. Port Sydney, August, (Brodie). 4 6,248. Pachyta liturata, Kirby. Sulphur Mountain, Banff, Alta., July 30, © a black variety, (Sanson). 6,268. Acmeops vincta, Lec. Kaslo, May 14, (Cockle). 6,398. Goes debilis, Lec. North Bay, June 3, (Brodie). 6,478. Saperda calcarata, Say. Peachland, B.C. July, (Wallis). ‘% 6,480. Saperda candida, Fab. Scotch Lake, N.B., (W.H. Moore); St. John, N.B., (J. Gordon Leavitt). This beetle seems to be yery much rarer in the Maritime Provinces than it is in Ontario and Quebec. 6,514. Tetraopes quinquemaculatus, Hald. Aweme, July 25, (Criddle). 6,523. Donacia pubicollis, Suffr. Qu’Appelle Lakes, July, (Halkett). 6,628a. Cryptocephalus ornatus, Fab. Aweme, July 10, (Criddle). 6,628c. Cryptocephalus cinctipennis, Rand. Aweme, July 17, (Criddle). 6,742. ‘Chrysochus cobaltinus, Lec. Nelson, B.C., August 19, abundant on Apocynum androswmifolium, (Fitzroy Kelly). 6,781. Entomoscelis adonidis, Fab. Near Sixty-one mile River (141 Merid- ian), Yukon, (T. P. Reilly). The farthest record north we have of the species. ; 6,795. Chrysomela exclamationis, Fab. Aweme, Sept. 6, (Criddle). ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 127 Chrysomela multipunctata,. Say. This fine species was extremely abundant on willows along the Saskatchewan River at Rudy on July 19, (Fletcher and Willing). Plagiodera oviformis, Lec. Aweme, June 20, (Criddle). Celocnemis dilaticollis, Mann. Vernon, under logs, June, (Ven- ables); Banff, (Sanson); Peachland, (Wallis). Dendroides canadensis, Lat. Trenton, June 17 to Aug. 8, five specimens. I have not taken this species for many years, (Evans). Two specimens were brought back from the Skagway District in Northern British Columbia, by G. White-Fraser and R. Smith. Cantharis viridana, Lec. Rudy, July 20, (Fletcher). Amnesia ursina, Horn. On raspberries, destructive to the buds, Vernon, B.C., (Venables); Victoria B.C. (Taylor). Evotus naso, Lec. Rudy, on willows, July 20, (Fletcher); Kelowna, B.C., on apple, (F. J. Watson). Phytonomus punctatus, Fab. Harrison, B.C., August, (Wilmot). The Clover Leaf Weevil was found on Vancouver Island for the first time in 1902, by Mr. Hanham. Mr. Wilmot’s record shows that it has now worked its way up the Fraser valley as far as Harrison. Hypomolyz pineti, Fab. Skagway District of Northern British Columbia, (White-Fraser and Smith). Lnzus concavus, Say. Ottawa, September, three specimens found on Polygonum pennsylvanicum, (Young). This is the Rhubarb Weevil which in some parts of the United States has sometimes given trouble, but is rare in Canada. This is the first time the species has been recorded from the Ottawa District. Otidocephalus chevrolatii, Horn. Meach Lake, Aug. 1, (Young). Orchestes rufipes, Lec. This rare little weevil was very abundant and destructive to willows at Ottawa in Sept., the larve mining in the leaves and the mature beetles eating out the surface in a similar way to flea-peetles, (Fletcher). 9,667. Amblopusa brevipes, Casey, var. Metlakatla, (Keen). 10,767. Nocheles vestitus, Casey. Kelowna, injuring buds of Apple, May, 1892, (F. J. Watson). Nocheles torpidus, Lec. New Denver, B.C., June 14, (W. D. Mit- chell); Grand Forks, B.C., June 6, (M. Miller). HYMENOPTERA. _ Work among the hymenoptera seems to have lagged behind a good deal during the last three years. This is much to be regretted, owing to the great mportance of these insects. Moreover, the difficulty in separating the gen- and species is sometimes so great that it alone should serve a8 a stimu- to those who are looking for a specialty in which they may do good work. w records have been received, which it is well to include here. A col- tion of Bombi has been sent to Mr. H. J. Franklin, of Amherst, Mass., 9 is making a specialty of these insects, and who has kindly furnished names of a few of the more interesting which are here given as a begin- g. It is to be hoped that these will be largely added to in succeeding The wasps and bees present excellent fields for special work. a inflata, Nort. Trenton, reared from larve feeding upon a shrub in my garden last year; more larve were found this year, (Evans). 128 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 | Labidia opinus, Cress. Kaslo, Aug. 11, (Cockle). Pamphilius ruficeps, Hargtn. Toronto, July 30, °88, (Metcalfe); Ottawa, May 31, (Harrington); Ma*sonneuve, near Montreal, Que., (Alcs bert). This handsome sawfly seems to be rare. Another specimen was taken in Montreal some years ago by Rev. C. J. Ouellet. ; Oryssus occidentalis, Cress. Peachland, B.C., July, (Wallis). : Diastrophus cuscuteformis, O.S. Guelph, in galls on stems of Rubus villo- sus, (Jarvis). P Diastrophus potentille, Bass. Perth, in round galls on stems of Potentilla canadensis, (Jarvis). Youghall, N.B., July, (Fletcher). Diastrophus turgidus, Bass. Guelph, on stems of Rubus strigosus, (Jarvis). Andricus punctatus, Bass. Guelph, on stem of Quercus coccinea, (Jarvis). — Andricus seminator, Harr. ondon, Ont., from galls on Quercus alba, (J. _ Dearness). Andricus topiarius, Ashm. Guelph, leaf galls of (Quercus maerocarpa, (Jarvis). Biorhiza forticornis, Walsh. Gravenhurst, Ont., galls on Quercus alba, (Jarvis); very abundant on young shoots of Quercus macrocarpa, Rivers, Man., (Fletcher). , Pristaulacus melleus, Cress. Kaslo, June 3-30, (Cockle). Ichneumon caliginosus, Cress. Kaslo, bred from pupa of Grapta satyrus found at Montezuma mine, South fork of Kaslo Creek, B.C., em- erged Sept. 7, (Fletcher). Mr. Harrington has taken several specimens of this widely distributed species at Ottawa. Ichneumon milvus, Cress. Ottawa, Aug, 22, (Harrington). Meach Lake, Sept. 1, (Fletcher). One of our rarest ichneumons. Trogus brullei, Cress. Maisonneuve, near Montreal, (Albert). Trogus fulvipes, Cress. Kaslo, ex pupa of Papilio eurymedon, May, (Cockle); ex pupa of P. turnus, Digby, Oct. 2, (Russell); Aweme, | July 14, (Fletcher). Trogus fletcheri, Hargtn. Bred from pupa of Papilio eurymedon, Wel ton, B.C., (Taylor). Cryptus procimus, Cress. Kaslo, May, (Cockle). Ephialtes occidentalis, Cress. Kaslo, July 20, (Cockle). Ephialtes variatipes, Prov. Kaslo, July 4, (Cockle); Ottawa, (J. A. Gui- gnard). Rhyssa persuasoria, L. Millie Lake, near height of land, Hudson Bay Slope, July 26, (Wilson). Thalessa nortoni, Cress. Hymers, (Dawson). Metlakatla, B.C., (Keen). Lampronota aE Tas Prov. penne Que., reared from Trichotaphe levisella, (Fyles) Spilochaleis {Chalcis) encausta, Cress. Aweme, three specimens of this | beautiful and grotesque little insect were taken by Mr. Evelyn Criddle, July 17. Masaris marginalis, Cress. Kaslo, June 2, (Cockle). This is the first specimen of this genus to be recorded from Canada. It is a slen- der wasp-like insect but has clubbed antenne. Bombus borealis, Kirby: Nepigon, Ont., July 1, ’88, Ottawa, Aug. 27, 702, (Fletcher). Bombus californicus, Smith. Prince Albert, July 6, 1900, an extreme vari ation; Calgary, July 17, nearly typical, (Fletcher). Bombus fervidus, Fab. McLeod, Alta., June 20, (Fletcher). Bombus huntii, Greene. McLeod, June 20, (Fletcher). Bombus impatiens, Cress. Ottawa, Oct. 2, 02, (Fletcher). it ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 129 ~Bombus kirbyellus, Curtis. Fullerton, Hudson Bay, July, 1904, (Halkett); Mount Edith, Banff, July rb 02, (Fletcher.) ais melanopygus, Mylander. Mount Edith, Banff, July 7, ’02, (Fletcher). Bombus nevadensis, Adie Vernon, June, (Venables); McLeod, Alta., June 20, ’ 2, (Fletcher ane Willing); High River, Alta., a mag- nificent vane specimen, the a hole body uniformly black, (Baird). Bombus occidentalis, Greene. Banff. Aug. 28, (Sanson). Bombus pennsylvanicus, De Geer. Ottawa, (Fletcher). Bombus perplexus, Meach Lake, July 20, ’05, (Gibson). _ Bombus sylvicola, Kirby. Fullerton, June 20, ’04, (Halkett). Bombus ternarius, Say. Prince Albert, July 6, ’00, (Fletcher). Bombus terricola, Kirby. Kebinakagami River, near height of land, Hud- son Bay slope, Aug. 2, ’03, (Wilson). Bombus vagans, Smith. Nepigon, July 1, ’88.; Ottawa, Aug. 25, May 5, (Fletcher). Psithyrus interruptus, Greene. Mount Edith, Banff, July 7, vz, (Fletcher). Psithyrus laboriosus, Fab. Ottawa, April 26, 01, (Fletcher). HEMIPTERA. _ ; ' / Several additions have been made during the past summer to the col- lections of Canadian hemiptera, most of them to the sub-order homoptera. Unfortunately, few of the records have been sent in with sufficient data to warrant their inclusion here. Useful notes on these insects, as with all others, give the date of capture, the locality, and, when possible, the nature of the food. The following list from Mr. J. D. Evans, of Trenton, is the most complete and is submitted because many of the insects mentioned are new to _ the Canadian list. Mr. Van Duzee, who kindly identified the material, con- siders their capture worthy of being put on record. _ Helicoptera septentrionalis, Prov. Sudbury, June 6. _ Helicoptera opaca, Say. Co. Hastings. Heliria strombergi, Godg. Sudbury, Aug. 8, 1889. _ Cyrtolobus discoidalis, Emm. Belleville. _ Cyrtolobus trilineatus, Say. Belleville. Telamona Westcotti, Godg. Belleville. _ Telamona decorata, Ball. Belleville. _Telamona compacta, Ball. Halifax, N. S., June, 1897. PScaphoideus lobatus, Van D. Trenton, Sept. oie Athysanus osborni, Van D. Trenton, Aug. ay? ee Thamnotettix Belli. Uhler. Trenton, June 6, | Xestocephalus fulvocapitatus, Van D. Tee ae 29=201e —Aphrophora Signoreti, Fitch. Co. Hastings. Gypona cinera, Uhler. N.W. Terr. _ Pediopsis canadensis, Van D. Co. Hastings, June 27, ’05. Bythoscopus sobrius, Walker. Sudbury, 1892. Mr. T. D. Jarvis, of Guelph, in connection with his studies of vegetable - galls and seale insects has found the following species, which are of interest from the localities where found. Pseudococcus trifolii, Forbes. On roots of white clover at Collingwood. Chionaspis salicis, Lu. Guelph, on leatherwood (Dirca palustris). Sin 9) EN. 130 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 Aspidiotus esculz, Johnson. On basswood (Tilia americana), Toronto, Brant- ford, Guelph. Aspidiotus diffinis, Newst. Guilds, Ont., on 72lia americana. Aspidiotus osborni, Newell & Ckll. Toronto, on Quereus alba; Guelph, on Betula lutea. Aspidiotus ulmi, Johnson. On Ulmus americana, Guelph, Toronto. Kermes pubescens, Bogue. On Quercus alba, Perth, Toronto, Guelph and Brantford. Aleyrodes asarumis, Schimer. On Asarum canadense, Guelph and London. Aleyrodes forbesi, Ashm. On Acer saccharinun, Guelph Mr. W. Metcalfe, of Ottawa, sends the following as the most interest- ing species he has added to his collection this year: Ceresa constans, Walk. Hull, Que., very local, but abundant on three special basswood trees. A distinct and readily recognized species. Pediopsis bifasciata, Van Duzee. Mer Bleue, Ottawa, an Aspen Poplar June. A good species distinct from trimaculata, Fitch. Peltonotellus histrionicus, Stal. Mer Bleue, Ottawa, August. The rare macropterous form of this nearly always wingless species. : Clastoptera proteus, Fitch, subsp. nigra, Ball. Mer Bleue, Aug. .New to the Ottawa district. (Metcalfe. ) Emesa longipes, DeG. Several specimens of this remarkable bug were found by Mr. W. A. Dent, at Sarnia, Ont., in the first week of October. These are the first ‘specimens which we know of as having been found in Canada. It is an extremely slender species with very long slender legs, the anterior pair of which are modified for grasp- ing. They are called Thread-legged Bugs and are predaceous in their habits. Superficially, they. resemble minute walkingstick insects but can of course be seen to be different by their mouth parts and from having wings. ORTHOPTERA. Large collections of orthoptera have been made in various parts of Canada‘ during the past two years and many interesting species have been taken. The lists are not as yet complete but some of the more interesting have already been reported on. Most of these specimens have been identi- fied through the kindness of Dr. E. M. Walker, who has also himself col- lected assiduously. His discoveries have been of so much interest that he purposes at an early date to prepare special papers upon them for the Cana- dian Entomologist. The following captures are worthy of mention: Mecostethus gracilis, Scudd. On swampy prairie, Radisson, Sask., July 29, (Fletcher). : Aulocara elliotii, Thom. Vernon, B.C., July 26, ’95 (Fletcher). The first Canadian record. Arphia teporata, Scudd. Banff, July 12, ’02, (Sanson). New to Canada. Arphia frigida, Scudd. Aweme, June 21, (Criddle); Radisson, July 29; Rudy, Sask. Red-winged, no yellow costal stripe, July 19, (Fletcher.) Trimerotropis vineulata, Seudd. Ashcroft, B.C., June 5, (Rev. W. M. — Roger). paeteree (Taylor). Trimerotropis agrestis, McNeill. Aweme, Aug. 14, (Criddle). New to Canada. This elegant little locust has been taken by the Messrs. Criddle on the sand hills near the Douglas swamp, Manitoba, for it settles. many years. In coloration it is exactly like the sand upon which “a ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 131 / Melanoplus altitudinum, Scudd. Fort William, Ont., Aug. 27, Nepigon, Aug. 29. One of the females from Nepigon is a long-winged form. 4 (Walker). New to Canada. _ Melanoplus extremus, Walk. A few specimens of the short-winged form were taken in a floating cranberry bog at Go Home, Ont., July to August, 1907. It was common at Fort William where both forms were represented, (Walker); Beaver Lake, Alta., Long-winged, (Halkett). Melanoplus validus, Scudd. Nelson, B.C., Sept. 30, 1906, (Prof. W. J. Alexander). New to Canada. Amblycorypha oblongifolia, De G. A beautiful specimen of the pink form fi of this Katydid was exhibited by Dr. Bethune at the annual meet- E ing of the Entomological Society of Ontario. It was collected at a Colchester, South, in Essex Co., Ont., Sept. 30. This form is ; well shown in Hntomological News for May, 1901. In Science for ¢ Noy. 8, 1907, is a note on Pink Katydids and other insects by Mr. b J. A. Grossbeck. Anabrus longipes, Caud. Nelson, Sept. 30, 1906, (Prof. Alexander). New to Canada. Platycleis fletchert, Caud. ‘‘Four males of this rare insect, hitherto only known by the single female from Calgary, were taken at Fort William. This was one of the dimorphic forms I found in this interesting locality and the only one of that nature known among the Decticine. The species is interesting as being of a Huropean type; the genus is a common one in Europe, but is the only one of the Decticine represented in North America,’’ (Walker); Millar- ville, Alta., Aug., 1906, 2 short winged males (Dod); Mr. Dod’s specimens were taken at about 10 miles from where the type speci- men was collected. Although recorded as from Calgary the speci- men was actually taken between Midnapore and Millarville, and about 10 miles south of Calgary. Pezotettix borealis, Scudd. Windy Lake, on C.P.R., near Sudbury, Ont., Oct. 4, three specimens on Comptonia Bealemitotias (Fletcher). See rioplus Hindus, E. Walk. Banff, Alta., (Sanson). Cyphoderris monstrosa, Uhl. Peachland, B.C., (Wallis). The only pre- vious Canadian record for this rare and grotesque insect was Banff, Alta., where a few specimens have been taken by Mr. Sanson. During the past summer Mr. Wall‘s collected a pair at Peachland on Okanagan Lake, B.C. | ODONATA. Owing to the encouragement given by Dr. E. M. Walker, of Toronto, _ several of our collectors have sent in specimens of dragonflies, many of which _ have already been examined by Dr. Walker. He has provided the following list of species which he considers of more than usual interest tos Canadian — entomologists : netus, Selys. Ottawa, (Létourneau). Metlakatla, Aug. 4, ’04. ¢ assett, Q.C.I., (Keen). Lestes mequalis, Walsh. Go Home Bay, Ont. One pair from cranberry bog on margin of small lake, July 3, (Walker). New to Canada. _ ‘Lestes unguicutalus, Hag. Ottawa, le 16, (Gibson, Létourneau). a Argia violacea, Hag. Hull and Meach Lake, On July 13, 21, (Gibson). Lestes disju 132 : THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 Ischnura verticalis, Say. Orange form, Hull, Q., July 17, (Létournean), Pruinose black form, Hull, July 13, (Gibson). Nehalennia gracilis, Morse. Go Home Bay. Abundant on sphagnum bogs on the margins of small lakes, (Walker). New to Canada. Enallagma ebrium, Hag. Ottawa, June 7, July 2, (Gibson). a= Enallagma calverti, Morse. Laggan, Altam 1890, (T. E. Bean). Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp. One male, Pittsburg Camp, Georgian Bay, June 21, (Walker). New to Ontario. Enallagma raaatulicn Morse. Scotch Lake, N.B., July 7, (W. H. Moore). New to Canada. Gomphus fraternus, Say. Victoria Harbour, Georgian Bay, July, (A. G. Huntsman). Boyeria grafiana, Williamson. Nagagami River, Hudson Bay slope, 16 miles up, (Wilson). Boyeria vinosa, Say. Kenogami River, July 16, ’04, (Wilson). AE schna pleasina, Say. Ottawa, July 8, (Gibson). Zischna sitchensis, Hae. Levis, (Fyles). Burroughs Bay, Alaska, Aug. 5, 1894, (J. A. Cadenhead). A rare species recorded also from New- foundland, Ent. News, Apl., 1906, p. 135, by Williamson. Nasieschna pentacantha, Rambur. One male, Go Home Bay, Ont., July 16. Also one hali-grown nymph from the as locality and several full-grown ones from Bala, Ont., Aug. 28, 1906, (W. H. Fraser). New to Canada. Didymops transversa, Say. Ottawa, July 14, ’99, (Gibson). Neurocordulia yamaskanensis, Prov. Go Home Bay. Nymphs and perfect insects. June 28 to July 23, (Walker). New to Ontario. Cordulia shurtlefi, Scud. Nepigon, July 1, ’88, (Fletcher). Go Home Bay, July, (W aller): Toronto, June 9, (W. J. Fraser). Tetragoneuria cynosura semiaquea, Burm. Ottawa, May 31, ’99, (Gibson). Somatochlora forcipata, Scud. Rigaud, Que. (Rev. J. E. Desrochers). Also recorded from Newfoundland by Williamson. Somatochlora minor, Calvert. Fort William, Ont. Aug. 26, (Walker). New to Canada. : Somatochlora albicincta, Burm. Nepigon, Aug. 30, (Walker). New to Ontario. Nannothemis bella, Uhler. Go Home Bay. Abundant locally, on floating sphagnum bogs, June 28 to Aug. 1, (Walker). ’ Leucorhinia prozima, Calvert. Peachland, B.C., July 19, (Wallis). Sympetrum scoticum, Don. Beaver Lake, Alta., Aug., (Halkett). Sympetrum obtrusum, Hag.- Peachland, July 19, (Wallis). Mchellula ineesta, Hag. Go Home Bay, July 15, (Walker). Libellula exusta, Say. Meach Lake, July 21, (Gibson). DIpTeRaA. (Arranged according to a Catalogue of North American Diptera by J.M. Aldrich. Smithsonian Mise. Coll. XLVI, No. 1,144. The numbers refer to the pages of the catalogue.) Aédes quaylei, D. and K. Nanoose Bay, Vancouver Island, B.C., Aug. 1, (Fletcher). Aédes spenceri, Theob. Regina, (Willing). : Culiseta inornatus, Will. Carnduff, Sask., (Willing). 4 38. Pelorempis americana, John. Vancouver, B.C., April 22, (Harvey). — 153. Lasioptera corni, Felt. Guelph, Muskoka and London, (Jarvis). ; / : ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 133 Dasyneura canadensis, Felt. Ottawa, reared from the cones of White Spruce, (Fletcher). Cecidomyia ulmi, Beuten. Guelph, from Ulmus americana, (Jarvis). Hormomyza crateegifolia, Felt. Guelph, on leaves of Crategus, (Jarvis). +169. Similéum fulvum, Coq. Lake Louise, Laggan, Aug. 3, (Skinner and Fletcher). 193. Pangonia fera, Will. Crown Mountain, Vancouver, B.C., one male, July 9, (R. S. Sherman). 206. Fetches phe nops, O.S. Vancouver, July, a male, (Sherman). . Spogostylum melanopogon, Big. Crown Mount, Vancouver, July 9, (Harvey). The only locality given in Prof. Aldrich’s catalogue is ‘‘North America.” .. Ecltmus auratus, Will. Vancouver, July 25, (Harvey). Laphria pubescens, Will. Vancouver, July 25, (Harvey). Pocota grandis, Will. Vancouver, July, (Sherman). Cuterebra frontinella, Clark. Guelph, larva from neck of kitten, (Jarvis); Almonte, Ont. larva from chipmunk, Tamias striatus, (J. K. Darling). The fly emerged at Ottawa in June, (J. F.). Cuterebra grisea, Coq. Aweme, (Criddle); Saskatoon, Sask., July 21, (Willing); Norden, Alta., July, (W. Dover). Alophora magnapennis, Johnson. One specimen of this grand tachi- nid was taken at Ottawa by Mr. Harrington. The original type was collected at Montreal by Mr. G. Chagnon. It is easily recog- nized by its conspicuously large and boldly blotched wings. i Belvosia bifasciata, Fab. Tessier, Sask. July 20, (Fletcher). Agromyza wneiventris, Fallen. Guelph and Muskoka district, on stems of Populus tremuloides, (Jarvis). Agromyza magnicornis, Loew. Guelph, on leaves of Iris versicolor, (Jarvis). \ . * ’ ® & ace - ; Page. BeACHINS THACOllIs ............0.-0008 (figs.) 97 BMY ZA GANS! c.-.0isneteseeeeee seeecere 85 Seamiclanchier, Gall on .............:..00 92 PAmmpnipolips’ Manis ..................-.00 90 Menne@mous Galls .....:............... 89, 90, 91 Aphids, Spraying to kill ............... 80 MURCIA OP OL ..05.........ceseeceeesecsecees 95 Argyresthia, Busck’s Revision of ... 114 PMRCMPC ANI OTL 520-22. . eee eceseecceneeccece 85 RIEU IIAM Gall: 0. .<-.--.-2c0nc-ccesneeess 87 Aspidiotus ancylus .................. (fig.) 62 ld Forbesi ...... (figs.) 59 sa juglans-regie ......... (figs.) 61 it (CS/E SDT Ueno eee eee 63 By ostrexformis .......... (figs.) 57 ; 5 perniciosus ............ (figs:) 52 PRIEIARIVIGMTIOSEO <6. ccc 20-2. ceccnscensseceee 71 iBalkwill, J. A., article by ............. 26 Balsam Fir Needle Gall .................. 86 )Basiwschna janata ..................:00 47 Bees and the Yield of Fruit ............ 21 _ Bethune, C. J. S., articles by ...... 95, 9Y eBiorhiza forbicornis ...................-0- 90 _ Bittacomorpha clavipes ........:... (fig.) 108 Bepinekperry Galls ..................-...6- 88, 89 EMEDIA: fo scn sc. .ccssccscscecescees 107 enesot stem Gall) .............05....0.c0. 88 ' Books on Entomology ....................- 114 Mprowr-bail Moth ..........:..........se0008 27 Busck’s Revision of Argyresthia ...... 114 Buttonwood, Gall on .............--....... 92 ag BOMB RPADNIS |... .2-5-.2.-20-0¢2se0eaeese= 98 - @aesar, b.., articles by ............ 15, 72, 100 Mealopteryx maculata ................... 4y Casey’s Revision of Tentyriine ...... 115 Caudell’s Decticinze of N. America... 115 Cecidomyia destructor ...........-./...-.. 103 - Cecidomyia Galls .................. 86, 87, 88 Cecidomyia strobiloides .................. 104 MUST GAN OT, ...0--.-0200-000sceesceseseess 94 Cherry Scale (A. Forbesi) ....... (figs.) 5Y Mmbestniut, Gall ON <....-.0.......cecesesseees 93 Chionaspis furfura ................. (figs.) 69 meee HOELOIHNC Sace se Sosseeceda sess 71 Chittenden’s Insects injurious tu MEMOS OUADICN - 20-500. 0-.00c-ceceeeccceseceees 115 WChokeberry, Gall on ............ceee 94 Menoristoneura :Galls .........2........060 88 Minguefoil Axil Gall ............0......... 88 BOUIN O-“WOTM «..-..-.-----.22-2.05- 17, 80, 95 Coleoptera, Captures of .................. 124 Collectors of Canadian Insects, List alco e cence cece eeacseecweresenes 117 Mosmopepla carnifex ..................... 24 Sottony Maple Scale ..................... 67 PETITION Ss. 055. .-.00.00-seececesens 107, 109 Curtis VDI) Mata aren (figs.) 57 SEVAIDS StLODIUANA ............--5..ec0eceeee- 90 mlospneora Gall 1.......02ss.0..0ss.000 92 icinsee of N. America: Caudell... 115 Rtrophus Gallay...................0+ 88, 89 Didymops transversa ..................... 47 Page. Diplosisigrassator Minister of Agriculture. “Toronto, 1908. , : | [3] CONTENTS. Erratum.—On page 54, J. W. Eastham should read A. Eastham. [4] Pace. OFFIOBES FOR 1908-1909. 5. osc cine cecsesnes voces sccsteutessusciueceasstuaencevesenateses eae 6 List or CanaDIAN MEMBERS: OF THE SOOEBTY |. 2)... 020c0.00--0-.00-s2s0 Werevecesceesseeeeeeeee ‘ ANnNvuAL MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO ...........0.0..0ceeeeeeeee 8 Report on Insects of the Year: Division No. 2,C. E. GRanT .................- 10 Division No. 3, J. B. WrottaMs ............... 10 Division No: 4, C:. W.. NASH. =..:----.- seer 11 The White-marked Tussock Moth: Paun HAN ...............ccsscsecceccsececccescsececens 13 Conference on the chief Insect Pests of the season ............s.cececeeecececceeeeceteees 15 The Interpretation of Nature: JH. Ps EET 2.0...52 025. s..-c2sce0e+ene-cccsce sete etase apse 23 Entomology in the Graduate School of Agriculture, Cornell University, 1908: WW. . GOHEBAD i c52csesssnccessctes oc ctechabssecsee duseeee odes seeduce + cseases ease ee eeen een 31 Report’ of the Counell!ii:20c5.ccdeiese0 si sceccescccstseesssscoceasosteesvicassccreoterse esteem 33 f U9 MontrealBranch \x vvcs.sccscckncscessea> - Montreal. Clark, Rev. Wylie, C INE 1p sboodsocaccspaosode Faulconer, Mrs Faulconer, Miss Clare Fosberry, C. 8 Bree, Miss I. H Maye efakeieie <'s oes ecarees chaisie Levis. Eyles Mis WwW Gegpie, James .....--...5.-.-> Geggie, Miss Lois. ........... Gibb, Lachlan Hamel, Miss alias. soccer sisyee lets Levis. Hedge, Miss Louisa Johnston, Miss M.G Kollmar, E. J Lindsay, Col. Crawford Lochhead, Prof Lyman, H. H MacLeod, Miss E Sra Guelph. Kingston. Guelph. Toronto. Port Hope. Toronto. Guelph. Snelgrove. Toronto. Ottawa. Guelph. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. Barwick, E. C Begin, Rev. Abbe, P Montreal. Quebec. “ “se Montreal . Verdun. Magog. Quebec. Montreal. Quebec. “cc “ce Beauport. ae Montreal - Quebec. Bedford. Montreal. Quebec. Macdonald College. Montreal. Quebec. Montreal. 8 THE REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. No. 19 CANADIAN MEMBERS—Continued. oston> Mrs) 1’ gAuan aussie Levis. Skinnerebiu. Viera eee Duncan’s St’n Reford, Ti Ger ses dere nro aceke seek Montreal. Taylor; Revs (Ge OW ase eee Departure Bay, Robertson: Misses. ccs. oc oc at Quebec. Nanaimo. Seton, Mrs. W. W......... Levis. Pewler: (Jai. Sencha oe Vancouver. Simmons, Uigtls Feeeeiqoten 326 3! Van Steenweyk, Miss ....... ve Simmons, Mrsi'Ji. He ssaeas “ Venables; BP store Vernon. Southee; G. Risso ccc es sco Outremont. Wilmot, Bi, ‘Sin.nneee. eee es Swaine Js Min seheeeciscneast Macdonald Wilson? 32% isos Sscpeeeee Vancouver. : College. Tourehow A‘: Ta) yyace- ergs St. Hyacinthe. MANITosa. Turnbull, Lt.-Col. F......... Quebec. ; Turner, Hon. Richard.... 6 Criddle, Norman ........... Aweme. TurnenwMrsy eee sence “ Dennis. A. Js: toes une ee Miniota. Wades Miss case chia see New Heath; Bis 8 os cdc serene Cartwright. Liverpool. Hunter, Rev. A. Ji. -. 222-2 Teulon. Weir, Douglas enews se ayy Montreal. Wallis, J Bisnis i tet cere ones Winnipeg. Wiel Dad Secohac snanacnoes Magog. Winfield, Mrgss.5:+thecce.* Quebec Nova Scotia. WWW WAY FB 9 atetane aecres vn Sas Montreal : . : Hervey;(C.L. Go. oa.teaee Round Hill. Woed, Rey. Melmuing sy - <- Mackay. Urs A He =e Halifax. Nea Payne, E.G ...4:, cea eee Granville _ Ferry: Barrd ee OR cise < srere sail lo) High River. Russell, John............... Digby. Dod, F. H. Wolley sot telatieters Millarville. SaskKaTCHEWAN. EISEN OTT GrokerjyAc Winn. - fhe seers Redvers. Abercrombie, Miss Ivy ...... Vancouver. Willing, T. N.............-. Regina. Anderson, E.M ............ Victoria. Z ANGETAOM Susie -s- aieleleisiess * Honorary MeMBens. Armstrong, E. W........... Salmon Arm. Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A .... Boulder, Col. Bryant, T .....---+-+++--++-- Ladysmith. Cresson, HzrasI'ses.-2 oes Philadelphia, IB ayy Ac gEE terrchatcescranny 2A nace Vancouver. Pal Wockle sr Wi seer cnc. -t tate Kaslo. Edwards, Wm. H .......... Coalburgh, Danby, WHA Rose Rossland. W. Va. Dashwood-Jones, W. H..... New West- Howard: Drs OL sas ven minster. : D.C. Dinrs Cy Ol rocasamosocsuce ne Duncan’s Stn. Scudder, Dr. 8. H.......... Cambridge, Draper, R ...............--- Hillcrest. Wace Elliott, B. R................ Victoria. Smithy ProfaJn Busser New Bruns- Toye thos ANS Mil GS Sean coches Cowichan Stn. wick, N.J. INNA Oppo ogseconooneosc Vancouver. Uhler, PB. Boose oe Baltimore, Grapes amebyst ale oct iec. «Lombardy Poplar—Populus italica, Guelph. On leaves of Soft Maple—Acer saccharinum, Guelph. « Willow—Saliz sp., Guelph. On roots of Raspberries—Rubus strigosus, Muskoka. ce ** Blueberries—Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum, Muskoka. ~ se Goldenrod—Solidago canadensis, Guelph. « * Yellow Avens—Geum strictum, Guelph. « « -Yarrow—Achillea millefolium, Guelph. s ¢ Wormwood—Artemisia sp., Guelph. BS alg ea Ores i «© Daisy Fleabane—Krigeron philadelphicum, Guelph. Kermes galliformis (Riley). These scales occur either singly or in clusters on the twigs and branches of Red Oak (Quercus rubra). The form of the adult female puparium is globular with a slight incision for insertion on the stem of the food plant. It is nearly smooth and somewhat shining. The colour is white and beautifully variegated with yellowish, gray and black. Mr. A. Cosens found this fairly common on Red Oak at Toronto. Saissetia hemisphaericum (Targ.) The adult female varies from light to dark brown, frequently shaded with darker brown to black. It is more or less hemispherical or slightly elongate and convex. The surface is smooth and shining to the naked eye but with higher magnifica- tion is seen to be thickly studded with little dots. The immature female is usually of a pale yellow with a well defined central and two lateral carinae. It is a very common scale in conservatories throughout Ontario. Aspidiotus abietis (Schr.). Puparium of the female oval or elongate oval and the side next the midrib compressed and straight. About 1.5—2 mm. long and 1—1.2 mm. wide. Colour dark brown; back convex. Exuviae central, dull yellow. Common at Guelph on Hemlock (7suga occidentalis). 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 53 Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linn.). Adult female puparium circular and somewhat convex. Colour reddish brown, turning paler towards the margin. Exuviae central, dark orange ee nipple-like. It has been found in the conservatory at Guelph on Ficus elastica. Ischnaspis longirostris (Signoret). The puparium of the adult female is very long and narrow. Back shining black; exuviae orange coloured. A few specimens were found in a Toronto conservatory. DIsTRIBUTION OF SAN JOSE ScALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) IN ONTARIO. The San Jose Scale is slowly gaining ground in Ontario. The most northern point of infection is at Lorne Park, County of Peel on the north- ern shore of Lake Ontario. HAWS ATOM i \ , My cay nae a - Vue “ - Deatran Tarte & Oe \ axe ONTARIO Ss SS PROVINCE OF rane eats FENCE 2 \ Eber i“ ae NTARIO ee oe = er SS a ee Os oo ee Oa eas Fig. 6. The shaded portions of the map shew the counties of Ontario in which the San Jose scale is now established . THREE New Hosr Puants ror EULECANIUM CARYAE IN ONTARIO. Rock Elm (Ulmus racemosa), Hornbeam (Ostrya virginica), Blue or Water Beech (Carpinus caroliniana), We have now five host plants for this scale in Ontario. A New Host Puant ror E. Fiercuerr ix Ontario. This year Z. Fletcheri was found at Guelph on Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana). 54 THE REPORT OR He No. 19 One Broop For THE Pine Scate (Chionaspis pinifoliae) in ONTARIO. This scale passes the winter in the egg stage. The eggs hatch in the early part of June and the female reaches maturity about the middle of August when she lays her eggs which do not hatch until the following year. SOME ENEMIES OF ONTARIO COCCIDAE. By J. W. EastuHaM, ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH. Leaving out our wild birds, upon which I have nothing to say, the enemies of Scale insects or Coccidae may be divided into three classes, namely :— 1. Predaceous insects; 2. Hymenopterous parasites; 3. Fungus Diseases. Amongst predaceous insects the members of the family Ceccinellidae or Ladybird beetles are by far the most numerous and most important. Of these insects one of the most beneficial is Hyperaspis signatus—a small black beetle with a small red spot on each elytron. The larvae of the species of Hyperaspis do an immense amount of good by destroying large numbers of the egg sacs of the Cottony Maple-scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis). The larvae are large, white and mealy, and much resemble certain species of Dactylopus, for which they might easily be mistaken by a casual observer. The larvae pass from one ovi-sac to another, devouring the eggs as they pass along, but leaving the ovi-sac apparently little the worse externally. Dur- ing the summer fully 80 per cent. of the ovi-sacs of Pulvinaria in the vicinity of Guelph were destroyed by the Hyperaspis larvae. Another very common and important species is the Twice-stabbed Lady-bird (Chilocorus bivulnerus), Fig. 7, the adults and larvae of which are to be found feeding on no fewer than seven species of scales in this neighbourhood. Its special favourites, however, are the Oyster-shell Bark- louse and Curtis Seales, on both of which it is usually quite common. It is interesting to note that the larvae of this insect are preyed upon to a con- siderable extent, by Lace-wing fly larvae (Chrysopa). Figs. 8 and 9. Another species which preys more especially upon Lulecaniwm cerasifex is the 13-spotted Lady-bird (Hippodamia 13-punctata), Fig. 10. These lar- vae are very thorough in their work as they devour everything but the body walls of the scale. Another common predaceous insect is a small mite Monzeziella, sp. which is generally found feeding on the Oyster-shell Bark-louse and Curtis scale, especially the former; it is also found feeding on the eggs of EL. cera- sifer but not to any great extent. Another predaceous insect occasionally to be found is a Lepidopterous larva which eats its way through the cottony masses of Pulvinaria innwmer- abilis, and in this way one caterpillar can destroy many scales. Although several attempts were made I was unable to rear the adult; but im all probability it is the larva of Laetilia coccidivora, Comst., an insect whose larvae prey on Pulvinaris to a considerable extent in some parts of the United States. Turning next to the Hymenopterous parasites, we find that in this dis- trict they belong entirely to two sub-families of the Chalcididae or Chalcis Flies—the Aphelininae and Encyrtinae. These two families are readily ~e 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 55 distinguished from each other by the fact that members of the Aphelininae have 8-jointed antennae, a divided meso-pleura, and the middle tibiae are not specially adapted for saltatory purposes. The Encyrtinae, on the other hand, are characterized by the large saltatory spine of the middle tibiae, which is generally long and stout, though less frequently it is found dilated at the base, and armed with a double-row of black teeth or spines. This last feature readily marks off Encyrtinae, as no other family, as far as I am aware, possesses this large saltatory spine. The Aphelininae are generally parasitic upon the Aleyrodidae or, amongst Coccidae, upon members of the sub-family Diaspinae. The commonest member of this family is Aphelinus mytilaspidis, a small yellow parasite which attacks several species of scales but principally the Oyster- shell Bark-louse. The larva feeds on either the scale body or eggs accord- ing to the time of the year; but like most Aphelinids there is not usually more than one larva to a single scale. The larvae, when full grown, are about 1 mm. long and very stout, being almost as broad as long; the pupae, stout, dark and contracted. It appears to be double brooded as the adults were reared at the begin- ning of June and end of August; the adults may be usually observed oyi- positing on the young scales during June. Another closely related species a Fig. 7. Twice-stabbed Lady- Fig. 8. Lace-wing fly and Fig. y. Lace-wing Fig. 10. bird, larva and beetle. eggs. fly eggs and larva. Thirteen- spotted ladybird. is Aphelinus fuscipennis which attacks both San Jose and Curtis Scales. This parasite is widely distributed, one being common on San Jose Scales in some parts of the United States. It differs from the preceding species in having slightly clouded wings. Another very important member of this family is Coccophagus lecanii —a small Chalcid with yellow markings upon the meso-scutum and scutel- lum. It is this parasite, acting in conjunction with Hyperaspis signatus mentioned previously, which so effectively controls the outbreak of Cottony Maple Scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis). It is amongst the Encyrtinae, however, that we find the most important Hymenopterous parasites of the Coceidae. During the last summer some twenty species of parasites belong- ing to this family were reared by me from various scales—but principally from the various species of Lecanium. No fewer than ten of these species, or 50 per cent. were reared from one species of scale, namely Hulecanium Fletcheri. The most common of the Guelph representatives of this family belong to the genus Comys, of which three species are found in this neighborhood. Comys scutellata is a large, handsome species which parasitizes Fule- canium caryae to such an extent that few scales escape. It is probably a European species, accidently introduced and now widely distributed in North America. Comys fusca, a closely allied form, is very common around 56 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 Guelph parasitizing the New York Plum Scale (£. cerasifex). It is this parasite which is so effective against the Brown Scale in parts of California. Other common genera belonging to this family are Blastothrix, Chil- oneourus and Encyrtus—all of which are found on the Lecaniums of the district. No fewer than 41 specimens of an Encyrtid were reared from a single scale of Kermes pubescens, an occurrence which seems to indicate that polyembryony exists, at least among some of the Seale parasites: as it seems incredible that 41 eggs would be deposited in a single scale. Coming to the fungus enemies we find on record several species from various parts of Ontario, only two of which I have found in the vicinity of Guelph. Of these two Cordyceps clavulata is by far the more abundant. It is, however, of not much economic value as it does not appear till late in the season—this year it was nearly the end of July. It attacks chiefly #. cer- asifex but also Fletcheri and occasionally EZ. caryae. The other fungus is known as Microcera coccophila and attacks the Cur- tis Seale—the attacked scales being entirely destroyed. The small red fruiting bodies of this fungus only appear after rain, disappearing again within the space of a few hours after the rain ceases, and consequently, since the spread of this fungus appears to be dependent upon rain, it-is not of any great economic importance, at least in this part of Ontario. “SOME BEETLE HAUNTS,” BY AN AMATEUR BOTANIST. By F. J. A. Morris, Triniry CoLttece Scuoor, Port Hope. In my four seasons of collecting, as a coleopterist, there have been three collecting grounds that have most attracted me: (a) Stumps and tree trunks; (b) Blossoms; (c) Foliage. In all three I have found a considerable range of beetle-guests and am able to record rare or interesting finds. It is probable in the second of these three haunts that I have had most success, but it is with the first that I intend chiefly to deal in this paper. There are two conditions under which stumps make a good collecting- ground; one is when they are dead and dry, but have the bark still covering them; it was this condition that first drew my attention and held it through my first season as a collector. The other condition is when there is yet some . life in the wood so that the top of the stump bleeds. I have found that stumps ooze sap in this way for several seasons after the tree has been cut down. A good way to catch beetle-visitors is to scatter some good sized chips or lay a slat or two of wood or bark on the top. Most beetles are active at night, and when there is a shelter of this sort, they take cover there instead of flying away when the sun rises. Easily the best tree for its range of beetle visitors, as well as for total quantity, I have found the basswood; next to that the white pine: then the maple, the birch and the elm. Often when a stump is dry and apparently not in a condition to attract guests it may be made inviting if the bark is still partly green. I have often pried up the bark with a chisel and laid the strips thus removed on the top of the stump; the smell of the sap or juice fermenting has generally lured some prizes to this bait and trap combined. The season for collecting in this way may be said roughly to extend from the beginning of May to the middle of July. I began collecting in the spring of 1905, but as I went to England at the end of June I did not make much headway that season. In 1906, however, I did a great deal of collecting and gained quite a lot of experience. One of my first finds was 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY: 57 at the beginning of June while prying the bark from a basswood stump. I[ discovered something like a dozen specimens cf Saperda vestita, newly hatehed and buried in the inner bark of the tree. I had my killing bottle with me, but as the insects were still soft I put them into a small tin box. Here they crawled about excitedly, squeaking (or rather, stridulating) when » Fig. 11. Dicerca Fig. 12. Cicindela Fig. 18. Monohammus divaricata. sex-guttata. scutellatus. a we Fig. 14. Monohammus confusor. Fig. 16. Prionus laticollis. Fig. 15. Orthosoma brunneum. handled. On examining them after my return home, I found they had fought in the box, two of them had had their antennae nipped off and several had been deprived of their full complement of legs. I had not yet learned the advantage of laying the detached bits of bark on the stumps as shelter 58 THE REPORT OF ERE No. 19 for nocturnal visitors and so missed a golden opportunity. However, there were a number of basswood stumps in the clearing where I made my first capture and from these I got several more specimens. About the last day of June in the same season while struggling from a tamarack swamp in which I had found a rare fern (Botrychium simplex), I noticed a falling and decaying trunk of elm and on removing some bark I found it infested with a larva. “closely resembling that of Saperda vestita; I took one that appeared nearly full grown, with some of the rotten inner bark, and succeeded in rearing it; some three weeks later it emerged from the pupa ds the elm-borer (Saperda tridentata). I have taken only one other specimen of this beetle; it settled one fine Sunday night in June on a supper table at which I sat, a guest; the entomologist, however, would not be denied, and in spite of looks of outraged propriety on the part of my fellow guests, and some embarrassment (not mine, but my hostess’), I produced a cyanide — bottle and captured the insect. Early in July I went to Oliver’s Ferry, on the Rideau, and in a day or two chanced upon a spot that proved a regular treasure house to the young collector ; it was at the side of a path through a wood of young growth, mostly basswood and maple. Here lay a log of basswood with the bark still on it, close by the stump from which it had been cut, and a pile of basswood split and stacked. In the bark of the stump and the log I found larva and pupe of the Saperda vestita; some pupe that I took home lived and from two or three I secured specimens of the imago. In the hot sunshine beetles lit on . the log and on the wood pile, and I tried the experiment of laying detached pieces of bark on the stump, the log, and the split wood; sometimes sand- wiching bits of bark between sticks of the wood pile. This simple con- trivance of bait and trap yielded splendid results for over a week, at the end of which time the bait was filched bv the sun drying all the moisture out. My captures comprised an Elater as large as Alaus oculatus and dark pitchy brown in colour; two specimens of a Chalcophora, 3 or 4 of Dicerca divari- cata (Fig. 11), and 15 of a Chrysobothris about the size of the apple borer (Ch. femorata); a dozen or more of a blackish weevil akin to the strawberry weevil, some two dozen specimens of Hupsalis minuta, sexes evenly divided 25 specimens, of Parandra brunnea, one specimen of Tragosoma Harristi, and a beautiful specimen of the little Amphionycha flammata; this last Dr. Bethune tells me, has seldom, if ever, been reported from Ontario, and it may therefore be interesting to some of you to know that I captured a second specimen of the same beetle about three days later, sunning itself on a leaf of basswood, within 50 yards of the first capture. It was a bright, calm day in July when I captured the first, and very hot- with the sun almost at its zenith, and the log on which the insect lit was bathed in sunshine; small as the creature is, the sharp click with which it settled was distinctly audible. As the basswood pile was beginning to fail me, I happened on a clearing where some small maples had been felled. Finding the stumps still moist, I laid chips and bark about their tops. This yielded me several new species— a beetle marked like the Wegalodachne, but smaller and with the ground- colour light brown instead of dark chestnut: 3 or 4 specimens of a beetle allied to the weevils, I think one of the Anthribidae; and, settling on a stump in the sunshine, a magnificent specimen of Purpuricenus humeralis, a longi- corn of great beauty. At the end of August I was out fern-hunting at Lake Dalhonsie, about 20 miles north of Perth. From a stump of white pine I took the pupe of a longicorn which later emerged as Rhagium lineatum, and while raising some chips from the top of a fresh and resiny stump of white pine I drove 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 59 from cover a Clerid that was then new to me; the head and thorax were dull orange, the base of the elytra the same, the rest of the elytra was alternate grey-white and black. Up to that time I had only found two species—a small scarlet one, fairly common, under bark, and one banded with orange and dark blue, which is frequent on certain blossoms. Early next spring, about April the 28th, I found some white pine had been felled in the winter, not many miles from the school in Port Hope. Recollecting my find of the previous autumn, and thinking the fresh resin might be the attraction, I laid some bits of bark and chips on the surface of the stumps. On visiting my traps a day or two later I was agreeably surprised to find 3 specimens of the resin-loving Clerid. About the same time I got 5 more specimens from newly-felled pine, under the chips that had been left on the stump by the axe. Some of these stumps I baited with chips and in all captured about a dozen. I have never found them on dry stumps, but only under fresh chips and associated with new resin. The creature closely resembles a_ beetle, figured by Curtis in his British Entomology as Thanasimus formicarius. It is there said to frequent the Scotch fir, which, of course, is also a pine. About the middle of May in the same season (1907), I visited the bass- wood stumps from which the year before I had got the Saperda vestita. Some of the bark that I pried up was infested with Leptura ruficollis, and I took also from under the bark two pupae of a longicorn closely allied to Urographis. Ripping some bark from the sides of several stumps I laid it on the tops. This proved an admirable bait, and among my captures were 3 or 4 specimens of a tiger-beetle (Cicindela seaguttata), Fig. 12, 7 specimens of a rove-beetle (Staphylinus violaceus), 12 or 14 of the northern Brenthid (Eupsalis minuta), a single specimen of a locally rare darkling beetle Phellopsis obcordata), 5 Penthes and 6 or 8 Alaus oculatus. I may say that I have found the species oculatus very common on the basswood, and in one or two cases the beetle, under concealment of the strips of bark, had during part of the night half buried itself in the wood of the stump. The beetle can eat very fast. A friend of mine took 9 or 10 from a rotten basswood log and sent them to me in a stout cardboard box. When I got the parcel, one of the largest specimens had eaten a hole through the corner of the box and was through two folds of the brown paper wrapper. I have never found the allied species of myops on basswood but always in white pine, usually under the bark of dead, dry stumps where it is fairly abundant. Later on in the same season, while wandering about the upper reaches of Gage’s Creek, about 6 miles from the school, T passed through a clearing in which hemlock had been felled. Among several other Buprestids settling on the bark of prostrate logs as well as standing trees, were two that were new to me, both very active and only to be caught (unless you had a net) by careful stalking—one a small Chrysobothris and the*other Melanophila Drum- mondi. This last I had never seen before and have never seen since, but on this newly-felled hemlock, as well as on living trees, it’ was abundant, and I captured about a dozen specimens. A few days later, at the end of June, I took to the clearing a brother-collector anxious to see Melanophila Drum- mondi in its native haunt, and there I turned him loose. While I was looking about with my eyes focussed for beetles, I distinctly saw a pair of longicorns running on the trunk of a tall elm growing at the foot of the elearing near the stream. From their movements and appearance both I felt sure they were longicorns and at first took them for a pair of Cyrtophorus verrucosus, a beetle I am well acquainted with. An instant’s reflection told me that at ten yards’ distance a beetle the size of Cyrtophorus would hardly be visible, and I rushed towards what I was certain must be a prize. Unfor- 60 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 tunately the beetles were running in an upward spiral and when I stumbled to the tree over a rotten log they were almost out of reach. I jumped and managed to brush one to the ground, but could not see it by the most careful search. However, I waited patiently for a minute or so, and then to my great delight saw the creature emerge from the ground and re-ascend the trunk. As I captured it I recognized in it the Physocnemum brevilineum, a long-coveted species. Scanning the tree carefully I presently descried 2 more of the beetles running about on the bark, some 20 feet up. I stayed for nearly an hour at the. foot of the tree, with hope in my heart and a erick in the neck, as intent as a dog listening to the clatter of a squirrel,— and my reward was three or four specimens of the beetle. As a rule, they appeared at.a height beyond range, on the trunk of the tree, walking rapidly downwards, following the corrugations and grooves of the bark. Occasion- ally, however, they lit on the tree after flight through the air, but they rarely, when disturbed, took to the wing for escape, preferring to run or to release their hold and drop. A six mile walk is nothing when a new longi- corn is waiting just around the last corner and I made the tree the turning post of my daily course for nearly a week, by which time I had taken 15 or 16 specimens. The tree was apparently sound, with a magnificent crown of foliage surmounting the massive pillar of its trunk, but the beetle was breeding there. I am pretty sure, and in July of this year, while I was in England, my fellow-collector got several more specimens on the same tree. Early in July I made an expedition to Garden Hill, some ten miles north of Port Hope. Here they were cutting out the pine from a 20-acre lot and a saw mill was at work. I went out in hopes of getting some specimens of Monohammus, a beetle that with a single exception I knew only from cabinet collections. The lumbermen said they had seen numbers of these insects on the logs and in the brushwood, but from inexperience, or ill-luck, I failed to secure many; my bag included one pair of the large grey Monohammus, 3 isolated specimens of Monohammus scutellatus (Fig. 13), and one specimen of a third species of Monohammus, the elytra being in colour a mottle of three or four shades of rust yellow, and the insects in size almost identical with scutellatus. By preparing several stumps and logs with chips and stripping the bark from dead trees I got several other longi- corn beetles. such as Criocephalus agrestis, Orthosoma brunneum (Fig. 15), Tragosoma Harrisii, and a carcase of Prionus laticollis (Fig. 16). Had this been all I would have felt some disappointment, but it wasn’t. The place was a veritable paradise of Buprestids, and not only did I get 12 or 14 species in all, but among them several quite new to me, beginner as I was. There were at least two (probably three) species of Chrysobothris, two of Chalco- phora, three or four of Dicerca, two or three of Buprestis, and a black Melan- ophila with a nasty bad* habit of settling on the back of one’s neck and giving it a sharp nip. There could be nothing more enjoyable than roaming about in that clear- ing, and though it is nearly a year and a half ago, it seems like yesterday. It was glorious July weather. In the distance vou could hear the Mourning Dove, and round about in the brushwood and trees were several pairs of Towhees and not a few slate-coloured Juncoes. While ranging up and down, I noticed on a bare, dead trunk of pine a bright looking beetle with appar- ently a damaged wing, for it stood out from the creature’s body at an angle. At nearer view this resolved itself into a brand new Clerid, the largest I had ever seen, and in its jaws was the elytron of an (later off which the monster had just been dining; no midnight assassin, but a cannibal in broad daylight, and the rascal was flaunting his trade in one of the gayest liveries you ever 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 61 saw; the head and thorax were orange, the shoulders (or base of elytra) black, round the waist a broad sash of brilliant scarlet, below that another band of black, then a band of grey-white, and the tips of the elytra black. In two all- day visits to this place I caught five of these beetles, three of them red- handed—one on a stump with an ant in its jaws, a third on a fence-post dissecting a grub of some kind, the other two belonged to the blameless order of those who have not yet been found out. One was resting on a rail along which a stream of ants happened to be crawling, and the fifth was just issuing from an ant bore in a dead pine, down which motives of curiosity, doubtless as innocent as idle, had prompted it. The same impulse, [ think, rather than any misgivings about my intentions, caused it to disappear down an adjoining tunnel, whence my forceps finally extracted it. Tn the season just over (1908) I noticed some felled maple and birch on a hillside 7 miles from Port Hope. At the beginning of June [I laid chips about two or three of the stump heads; on the fallen trunks I found an immense number of Chrysobothris breeding, while under two of my chips on the maple I took two pairs of Urographis fasciata, and resting on a stump near by I captured a Leptura biforis. About the middle of June my attention was drawn to some white pine felled in the winter among some woodlands, known locally as Pine Grove. There were about eight trees in all, lying on the ground within a space of about a mile. On the trunks and branches were crawling a number of small dark Clerids with a mark of crimson and two marks of white on each elytron; there was also two sorts of weevil abundant under chips of wood on the ground, and many Buprestids visiting the logs; but in especial, on the trunks, limbs and larger branches there were J/onohammi breeding. In about six visits I took well over 100 specimens, and my fellow-collector continued to find longi- corns up to the 20th of July or later. Our combined captures would amount to 250 beetles. The great majority of these were Monohammus scutellatus, of which I took 100, mostly in pairs. I took besides 8 or 10 specimens of the large grey Monohammus (whether titillator or confusor, Fig 14, I am not sure), and four of both sexes of the rust-yellow species. We also got several specimens of a stout grey beetle resembling Urographis, but without the extended ovipositor, and a few of a grey species of delicate structure and extremely fine antennae (perhaps Liopus). About the middle of July my friend took some 12 specimens of Leptostylus parvus. All this on some ten trunks of newly-felled pine. | Our experience raises a question as to the length of time required by the larve to mature. There was a tree among these others that had been blown down early in 1907, and was thus in its second season. It was full of holes, most of them quite fresh, from which mature insects had escaped. We could hear larve at work during June inside the log, but we did not see any beetles breeding or laying eggs on the bark, as they were doing on all the fresh-fallen trees. Unfortunately, most of these trees have since been removed. I am inclined to think that the dryer the wood is, the longer the larva takes to reach its full growth, and that if the larva hatches in fresh wood it can mature in a single season. I should think this was true of the seutellatus, anyway, even if confusor and titillator require longer. The well-known stories. most of them authentic, about the mature insect escaping from tables and chair legs several years after the manufacture of these articles, would thus illustrate an exceptional state of things in which the larva was confronted prematurely with dry wood to feed on. Besides these captures on stumps and logs, I have made several by using a similar trap with fungus substituted for bark. But at present I shall 62 THE "REPORT OF HE No. 19 content myself in my closing paragraphs with a few general remarks on the subject of blossoms, as a collecting ground for beetles. If you refer to any handbook of North American flora, you will find about 130 natural orders’ of flowering plants. The vast majority of these, however, do not offer their sweets (or pollen, rather) to those browsing cattle among insects, the beetles, whose short jaws and general habit incline them to visit only small shallow blossoms growing in close clusters (racemes) or in flat bunches or heads. Nearly all the blossoms that form a favourite haunt for beetles are included in the series between order 25 and order 50, begin- ning with the sumach and the vine and ending with the composites. The only important beetle-food outside that series in my experience, is the milk- weed and its ally, the dogbane, which come about No. 70 in the natural orders. If you look a little more closely at the series from 25 to 50, you will find these fall into two distinct groups of eight, separated from each other by a wall of 10 consecutive orders unattractive to beetles. The first group extends from the poison ivy and the grape vine, through the New Jersey tea and the spiked maple to the great rose family. Of these, the milkwort and the vetch, from the form of their blossoms, are valueless; the poison ivy and the grape vine are fairly good, but the range of their guests is limited. The New Jersey tea is a plant with hardly a rival, both for range of species and for total number of insects. The spiked maple is also a rich storehouse of beetles. In the rose family I have found the haw- thorn best, next to it the rose and the bramble, and then the spirza and the choke cherry. The second group of eight begins with the umbellifers, and passing through the dogwood and the elder, closes with the great composite family. Of these the bed straw, valerian and teasel, are comparatively worthless; but the dogwood is an excellent host and so are the two species of elder, while several of the composites are worth careful scrutiny. I shall carry this principle of selection a little farther, by giving a rough outline of a season’s beetle collecting from blossoms. The first blos- som to open is the early or red-berried elder (Sambucus pubens). It varies considerably from season to season, as well as in any one season, owing to differences of location; but about the 10th of May it will be found flowering and its season may last for ten days. It is immediately followed by the haw- thorn, which lasts till, perhaps, the 10th of June. By this time the spiked maple and the dogwoods are in flower, and before this last is over comes a riot of blossom, for the late elder and the New Jersey tea both open in the last days of June. ; These blossom haunts, then, extend from early in May till the middle of July. The only other conditions of time that need be mentioned are that the pollen on a given blossom must be in a certain state of ripeness or it does not appear to attract beetles at all, and, as a rule, the sun must be shining on the blossoms. If it is hot and calm besides, then you have ideal conditions. — There is, however, an important condition of space to add to these of time. I have, as a beginner, spent hours in fruitless search over whole hedges and thickets of elder and bushes of hawthorn, when ten minutes at a single shrub with only a few meagre blossoms on it would yield a rich harvest. Why? Because the flowers must be growing near a thicket or a wood. If they are in the open, even a hundred yards or so from timber lands, they are almost useless. This is particularly the case when it is longicorns you are on the look-out for. It is, of course. well-known to cole- opterists of experience that a clearing or the border of a wood is the best 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 63 locality. It is remarked again and again by Bates in his travels on the Amazon, and it is pointed out by Rye and Fowler in their hints to collectors in Great Britain. In closing I should like to say that by no means the least pleasure to a lover of nature is to observe the marvellous constancy with which season after season these tiny creatures, the offspring of a last year’s brood, return to their ancestral haunt, be it blossom or leaf, true to the clock of the year, almost to a day; in obedience to a law there is no gainsaying, and which yet in the creature’s serene unconsciousness seems robbed of any touch of harsh compulsion. TWO ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF BUTTERFLIES OF THE ISLAND OF MONTREAL. - By Aubert F, Winn, WESTMOUNT, P. Q. One of the great attractions of collecting Butterflies and Moths lies in the probability of coming across, at any moment, something new to the locality in which one is working, even though common elsewhere. Although the district about Montreal has been fairly well worked ever since the formation of the Montreal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 35 years ago, not a season passes in which we do not find some moths large or small not previously observed and recorded. But finding a new butterfly is a different matter and it was indeed a pleasant surprise when I came across a specimen of the little pepper-and-salt Skipper, Amblyscirtes samoset, Scudder, flying over a very muddy field at Pt. aux Trembles, near the rifle ranges on June 7th, and a few minutes later I took another. My companions also wanted some and a thorough search was made, resulting in Mr. Chagnon also capturing one in an adjoining field. The species is apparently commoner to the north among the Laurentian Mountains, where I have taken it at Montfort and St. Faustin, and also at Calumet on the Ottawa River—always in early June. A month later—July 12th—while walking across the Westmount Golf Links, with Mr. A. R. M. Boulton, of the Quebee Branch, a small yellow butterfly passed us, which looked like a very much undersized Colias philodice. My net was not ready, so my companion offered to catch it for me if I wanted it, but as the day was very warm I said not to chase it as it would probably come back, but it kept straight on. We went the opposite way, to the Nun’s Woods at Cote St. Luc, to look for Haploa confusa, Lyman, and were busy catching a series of these moths, when another of the little yellow butterflies came along. I was ready this time and in a moment secured the first specimen of /erias lisa, Bd. and Lec. (the little Sulphur, Holland aptly calls it) that I had seen alive. Another soon appeared in the same place and Mr. Boulton captured it. As we were close to a fine field of clover we thought the butterflies were probably coming from it and therefore turned our attention to it, but without seeing any more. We resumed our raid on the Haploas, going further into the woods where H. confusa was scarcer and H. Lecontei more likely to be found. We were again lucky, for on coming out of the woods on the west side into a small cedar swamp another J erias lisa was flitting about, which I easily caught. As no more were visible we adjourned to Cartierville for lunch. 64 THE REPORT OF THE INSECT OT RAP Incandescen}. amp Faper furne/ SIDE Vie W FRONT VieW igi i a fi 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 65 ee a COLLECTING WITH A LANTERN TRAP DURING THE SEASON OF 1908. By J. D. Evans, TRENTON. The apparatus used during this season consisted of a quart gem jar charged with cyanide of potassium. The jar was prepared in the following manner, lumps of the cyanide of potassium were distributed over the bot- tom of the jar upon which were placed cork crumbs to the depth of about 14+ inches—then: plaster of Paris formed with water to the consistency of eream poured in to the depth of about 1} inches, (although a 4 inch or ? inch would have been sufficient.) In all other respects the trap was prepared and set up as described i in the Canadian Entomologist for May, 1907. The plaster of Paris gives a better bottom and remains in better condition than the cotton batting filling as there described. This jar remained in good condition for at least three months’ service, then getting weak a # inch hole was bored in the plaster of Paris and lightly stopped with a loose plug of cotton batting and a small quantity of chloroform poured into the hole by the aid of a glass funnel, a charge thus made would last for several nights. Collecting with the trap was commenced in the first week of June and continued daily uninterruptedly until the end of September, except for a night very occasionally when it was raining—there is no record of these nights during June and July, but perhaps one night in each month would be the limit, but in August the 12th was the only exception and the 28th in September. The 4th September was a very cold night and the trap was not put out. A daily record of the number of moths taken was not kept during June and July, but frequently the number exceeded 200 and upon one night the number was 434. During August the total number of moths taken was 2,724, the greatest number in any one night being on the 31st, when 220 were taken; the smallest number on the 24th, when 21 were taken. In September the total was 893. The largest catch being on the 5th, 160 moths and the smallest on the 15th and 19th, which were each only 2. These nights being very cool, the 29th and 30th being very cold nights nothing was taken. Besides the moths, insects of several other orders were taken. Beetles of a considerable number of species, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera (principally leaf hoppers of many species), Trichoptera, and Neuroptera. Upon some nights the jar would be almost full of myriads of Phrygania flies, midges, and other insects, and upon one occasion the jar was not only Tull but the mass extended up some distance into the paper funnel. One might imagine that the moths would become spoiled with the multi- | _ tude of occupants, but such is not the case, for many a moth was taken with its scales and fringes in perfect condition, even if in company with large beetles, such as the Lachnosternas. With the exception of the moths, the captures in the other orders have not yet been named and listed for want of time, but with the moths there have been 281 species listed and a large number yet unnamed _ more particularly among the Micros. 66 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF LACHNOSTERNAS IN 1908. By J. D. Evans, TRENTON. During the past nearly forty years the writer has collected Coleoptera and paid particular attention to the Lachnosternas, (commonly known as May Beetles or June Bugs), but a dozen or so specimens would be the maxi- mum number taken in any one season and more often the number could readily be counted on the fingers of one hand. Fusca was considered the common species, but Dr. J. B. Smith separated and named others in the family or group fusca viz. arcuata, insperata and dubia. Since then it has been found that fusca is quite uncommon, the common species being insperata and dubia and the manner of separating these two species as given by the late Dr. Jno. Hamilton is the presence or absence of a tuft of hair on the head next to and between the eyes, in some specimens this tuft of hair may be much abraded. The Lachnosternas were very numerous, this season the writer took 168 specimens either at lighted windows or in the trap, of which 91, or more than one-half of the number were fusca. The females of insperata and dubia are quite common, being usually about one-third of the number of the males, but with fusca it is very different, for the writer has never seen a female fusca among a large series taken at Trenton, Belleville, Sudbury and Ottawa and not until this season when one female only was taken as against 90 males. Cuvlzata is another species a few specimens of which are taken almost yearly, but yet the female has never been seen by the writer. The number of specimens taken of each of the species throughout the season, being from 17th May to 6th July. is as follows: Jnsperata, 44 males, 10 females; dubia, 5 males, 14 females; fusca, 90 males, 1 female; ciliata, 4 males; total, 168. In connection with this it might be mentioned that Lachnosternas occurred in large numbers this season at Gardenville and Wellington in Prince Edward County, where they have been very destructive to roots of strawberries, potatoes and other plants and in the imago state both at Trenton and Gardenville they were guilty of stripping off leaves from shrubs, raspberry canes and other fruits. APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING SMALL ARTHROPODS TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC. By Tennyson D. Jarvis, O. A. CoLLEGE, GUELPH. In the February number of the ‘‘Entomological News’’, Vol. XVII., Dr. L. O. Howard, of the Bureau of Entomology, Washington, described an apparatus, devised by Dr. Berlese, of Florence, Italy, for collecting small Arthropods and in great quantities. Being much interested in the study of Acarids our Department immediately had made an apparatus simi- lar in structure. From it we got excellent results and a short time after- ward we devised a machine for collecting aquatic insects and Acarids. We have found both collecting traps highlv satisfactory. In the terrestrial trap Arthropods have been taken from many orders, but the largest numbers have been received from the Acarina, Araneida and Thysanura. 5a EN. ! : fh ing oa 7 © ¢ as 2°96 o 8, ‘ 5 fe Latins i oil epite Son Ihe aelaige ®) elise) sa>~ ne ' BS See ae is Ee eee Nios a3 l a \ am as sie a . 8 6 S| Spee Oe A en ee & pe el ww, wen ee eye ee ee ee ee ne ms a eee ne ewe ee eS ae ae OS OO SN Oe ee ie Oe Sy gio ne we we Oe ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Apparatus for collecting small terrestrial Arthropods. i 4 68 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 | The terrestrial apparatus is made of copper, lined with tin. It consists of a central cone underneath which heat is applhed. Four funnels with smooth tin lining and at the bottom of each is attached a small glass phial which may or may not contain alcohol. The funnels are surrounded by water and the water is kept hot from the gas burner below. On the top of each funnel is placed a shallow or deep tray of metallic network and on them is placed the material to be examined. The water is gradually heated and as the mites become uncomfortably hot they leave their host or other material on which they feed and travel downward into the glass tube below. If the life-history of the mite is desired, they are removed from the bottle and placed on suitable media. If the specimens are to be preserved, the tubes are usually filled with 95 per cent. alcohol or some other suitable preservative. (Figs. 18 and 19.) A partial list of materials from which mites have been obtained is as follows : Manure: Mites were obtained from nearly all kinds of manure and were especially abundant in horse and cow manure. From one small lot of horse manure the mites dropped down like a snow storm and filled a 4 ce. phial in a few minutes after the water was heated. Five different species were taken from this one lot. Bark from Trees: The bark from a host of deciduous and evergreen trees were given a trial on the mite machine, and from nearly every species of tree one or more species of Acarid was taken. Many mites resemble the bark in colour or shape, on which they live, and if it were not for such a device it would mean an endless amount of waste in time and patience. A good example of this is that of a species belonging to the genus Nothrus. This mite in shape and colour resembles bits of bark or lichens. Ensilage: A large quantity of mites were taken from ensilage from the O. A. College silo. These acarids may be largely responsible for the spread of fungus spores in the silo. Bone: Some mites were taken from pure bone and others from bone with remnants of flesh adhering to it. Rock: This is one of the favorite resorts of acarids. Some species evi- dently live on the sound rock, others on the I’chens or decaying organic matter on the rock and still others take refuge in the crevices of rock. Many species were obtained from this source. Decaying leaves, humus, soil from roots of plants, etc.: Decaying leaves is especially a very favourable resort for acarids, Some live on the decaying matter and others hibernate under the leaves. Bulbs and Tubers: Here again nearly every kind of bulb and tuber tested yielded one or more species of mite, e.g., Potatoes, Calla Lillies, Hyacinths, Onions, etc. Fruits: Only a few fruits were tried. The apple is the only one that responded. The mites on the apples were feeding on the wax covering the surface. The King gave the best results. Roots and Vegetables, etc.: From beets, mangolds, turnips, arti- chokes, Kohl Rabi, parsnips, squash, mites were obtained. In root houses and such places the mites carry spores of moulds on their feet and disseminate the fungus. Moss: A few species were obtained from moss. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 69 Nests: The nests of robins, mice, domestic fowl, were the only ones tried and from each one or more species were obtained. Vertebrate Animals: Several animals were killed and placed on the sieve and mites were obtained from the following: young mice, mature mice, robins, groundhogs, and muskrats. Fungi: Only a few specimens were tried. Polyporus and Boletus were infested. Boards and Sawdust: In this case the mites were probably hiding or hibernating. Grains: Some of the different kinds of grains that mites were obtained from were: Wheat, barley, corn, oats, mangold seed; whole and ground oats. Decaying material: Decaying squash, parsnips, potatoes, apples, beets, Kohl Rabi and carrots all yielded mites. Hay: From Timothy and Clover hay mites were taken. Cones: One or two species were obtained from Pine cones. Miscellaneous: Witter from chicken run, grass, road scrapings, living Chickweed, flowers of plants, roots of herbs, granary sweepings, decaying stumps, artichoke stubble, etc. The aquatic apparatus is made of the same material as the terrestrial one—tin and copper. It works on the same principle as the terrestrial machine, that is when an arthropod becomes uncomfortable it goes up or down to obtain air. The Hexapods usually go up or to the surface of the water and the Arachnids go down, but instead of applying heat a few drops of formalin or alcohol is added to the aquatic material. The trap consists of a central bowl] with a metallic sieve above and below. The material to be examined is placed in the bowl and enough water is added to fill the i a Pein r Ss = 4 ‘eck ee bowl to the level. When the alcohol or formalin is added the aquatic larvae go up to the top of the cone and are pulled out by a little strainer. The Acarids, etc., go down and are caught in a bottle below. This collecting trap may be taken to a pond or lake and in a short time an immense amount of material can be obtained. 70 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 A CATALOGUE OF THE GALL INSECTS OF ONTARIO. By Tennyson D. Jarvis, O. A. C., GUELPH. ‘ The insects which produce galls are confined to the following orders: Acarina, which are not true insects, but mites; the Diptera or flies; the Hemiptera, or bugs; the Lepidoptera, or moths and butterflies; the Cole- optera, or beetles; and the Hymenoptera, or bees, wasps, ants and sawflies. Their food-plants cover a wide range, some twenty-six orders of plants being affected by them. Some species show a decided preference for certain groups of plants as the following table will show. 5 a 2 | 3) seas ae | 5 F 3S o | aie g 5 s 5 79 e 2 Bae 2 | 8 $ je > © Pa | = < A ise) | gq 4 ; oO IROBACEHE Pahokee mets vane he aie certenatetes 13 14 17 3 Naser 1 @upuliiferde :tyase ones in. eccieia iaeenioe 13 5 7 Ma PRIS I eoO.0| Caco. > Salicaceae. . Anes kis SO Creer 13 10 | 5 i] 3 Lidl 1 Urticaceae . BUG hictasbheda ie saeage ray ate 5 dal tata ssucterass ea ee ek so. COMmpOsltae ; sie s ace +See eee 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 79 AFFECTING BUTTONBUSH. Clusters of small dimples on the upper side of the leaf, 1 to 3 mm. high. Buttonbush Dimple Gall—Hriophyes cephalanthe (Cook)—-Plate Ker eee oe Cephalanthus occidentalis. AFFECTING CHESTNUT. A small capsule gall, on the leaf, more or less spherical and 2-3 mm. in diameter. Chestnut Capsule Gall—Hriophyes sp.—Castanea sativa, var. americana. AFFECTING CINQUEFOIL. Oval or spherical galls from + to 4 inch in diameter, arising in the axil of the leaves. Cinquefoil Axil Gall—Diastrophus potentille (Bass)—Plate B., fig. 5. Potentilla Canadensis. Oval or cylindrical swellings from 1 to 2 inches long on the stems usu- ally near the base of the plant, Monothalamous. Cinquefoil Stem Gall. Potentilla norvegica. AFFECTING CURRANT. Red or purple elevations or folds on the upper side of the leaf. Currant Leaf Gall—Myzus ribis, Linn—Ribes rubrum. AFFECTING JDANDELION. Irregular, knotty, pithy swellings, forming oblong irregular galls along and surrounding the leaf-petiole; average length from one-quarter of an inch to fully two inches. Dandelion Petiole Gall—Gilletia Tarazaci, Ashmead— Taraxacum officinale. AFFECTING DoGwoop. Club-shaped and about 4 to 1 inch long. On terminal twigs. Dogwood Club Gall—Cecidomyia clavula (Beutm.)—Cornus florida. Thin-walled circular elevations on the under side of the leaves. Dog- wood Leaf Gall—JLasioptera corni (Felt)—Plate A., fig. 2. Cornus florida. Small, nearly oval Gall situated on the petiole of the leaf. Flowering Dogwood Petiole Gall. Cornus florida. AFFECTING ELM. A.—Galls on the leaves. Round dimples in the backs of the leaves resulting in small elevations on the upper side. About 2 mm. in diameter and surrounded by an areola of lighter green. In the cavity of the gall rests a small, white larva covered with a viscid, transparent secretion. Pimple Gall—Cecidomyiadew—Plate P., fig. 4. Showing larva and gall. Ulmus americana. A leafy growth arising from a bud and resembling the Pine Cone Willow gall but more nearly spherical and only about 4 an inch in diameter. Remains green during summer but changes to a dark brown in winter. Red Elm Bud-Gall—Plate P., fig. 6. Ulmus pubéscens. A green plum-like structure on the upper surface of the leaf. About 10 to 12 mm. in length and 3 to 7 mm. in thickness. Plum Gall—Pemphigus ulmi fuscus—Ulmus campestris. There is a similar gall on Red Elm, but differing in the following respects: (1) It is twice as large. (2) The wall is a little thicker. (3) The 80 THE REPORT OF THE No.. 19 surface is rough like the leaf not glossy. (4) The part of the leaf around the base is quite normal in appearance, showing no signs of being weakened through lack of nourishment. Ulmus pubescens.—Plate C., fig. 8. , Hollow, cock’s comb-like, thin walled gall; on the upper surface of the leaf. Cockscomb Gall—Colopha ulmicola (Fitch)—Plate I., fig. 5. Ulmus americana. A pulpy thickening of the tissues on the under surface of the leat, extending for some distance along the midrib. Causes the upper surface to double on itself instead of expanding in the ordinary way. Leaf Fold Gall— Cecidomyia ulmi (Beutm)—Plate A., fig. 1. Ulmus americana. Curling and gnarling of the leaves forming thereby a sort of pseudo-gall. Woolly Aphid Leaf Gall—Schizoneura americana (Riley)—Plate Q., fig. 1. Ulmus racemosa. B.—Galls on the stems. Aphids clustering on the limbs and trunks, causing a knotty unnatural growth of the wood. Woolly Aphid Stem-gall—Schizoneura Rileyi (Thomas). Ulmus americana. ; Small green to yellowish pocket-galls, more or less spherical, usually on the upper side of the leaves. Elm Pocket Gall—Eriophyes ulmi (Garman)— Plate H., fig. 5 and 6. Ulmus americana and U. Racémosa. An erineum on the under side of the leaf; white at first changing to brown. ‘Trichomes simple, tangled. Rock Elm Erineum Gall—#riophyes sp.—Plate H., fig. 3. Ulmus racemosa. A very large pouch-gall on the leaves, commencing as a cone or deep dimple. LHriophyes sp.—Plate L., fig. 6. Ulmus pubescens. A cone-shaped pouch gall resembling those on Tilia and much larger than Eriophyes ulmi. On the upper surface of the leaf, often very many on a single leaf but thickest along the midrib usually; shape irregular but usually tapering towards both ends and twice as long as thick, average length being about 5 mm., and average thickness about 2-2.5 mm.; color green. Eriophyes sp.—Plate L., fig. 5. Ulmus americana. AFFECTING EVERGREENS. Irregularly oblong gall, situated near the base of the needle on the new growth. Balsam Fir Needle-gall—Cecidomyia balsamicola (Lintner)— Plate A., fig. 3. Abies balsamea. Oval swellings on the twigs of various species of Spruce. Spruce Gall louse—Chermes abietis—Picea nigra, P. excelsa and P. alba. The gall consists of an enlargement of the smaller branches. Red Pine Stem Gall—Podapion gallicolla (Riley)—Pinus resinosa AFFECTING Fase NETTLE. An elongate, fusiform swelling of the stalk. False Nettle Stem Gall— Cecidomyia (?) behmerie (Beutm)—Behmeria cylindrica. AFFECTING GINSENG. Spherical or irregularly cylindrical, brown galls upon the roots. Gin- seng Root Gall. Aralia nudicaulis. MI PuatTE A. rs 1. Cecidomyia ulmi Beuten. 6. Choristoneura flavolunata, Felt. % 2. Lasioptera corni, Felt. 7. Rhabdophaga batatas, 0.S. " 3. Cecidomyia balsamifera, Lintner. 8. Agromyza zeneiyentris, Fallen. 4. 9. Rhabdophaga nodulus, Walsh. Hormomyia cratzegifolia, Felt. < wn PuLaTE B. Rhodites rosae, Linn. on Blackberry . Diastrophus turgidus, Bass. Rhodites multispinosus, Gill. Ore Andricus futilis, O.S. Diastrophus potentillz, Bass. Neuroterus umbilicatus, Bass. Puate C. Andricus papillatus, O.S. Andricus topiarius, Ashm., Eucosma scudderiana, Clem, Pemphigns ulmi-fusens. 1. Andricus punctatus, Bass. 2. Biorhiza forticornis, Walsh. 3. Andricus clavula, Bass. 4. Oynips strobilana, O.S. mrI1HD o1 Priate D. 1. Eriophyes sp., Anelanchier Canadensis. 4. Eriophyes sp., Vitis cordifolia. 2. Eriopbyes sp., Juglans nigra. 5. Eriophyes sp., Salix fragilis. 3. Eriophyes sp., Populus italica. m Oboe Oak Midrib Gall. PuaTe E, . Furry Ball Gall on Oak. = (Andricus Jana. ) 5. . The Larger Vak-Apple. (Amphibolips confluentis.) Vein Gall on Oak. majalis. ) ( Cecidomyia quercus- ( Andricus piger. ) 6. Vein Gall on Blue Beech. (C'ecidomyia . Mossy Rose Gall. (Rhodites rosae.) 7. Virginian Creeper Midrib Gall. pudibunda. ) ( Cecidomyia sp.) Puare F. . Ball Gall on Hickory. (Diplosis caryae. ) 4. Rose Stem Gall. (Rhodites globulus.) 2. Spiny Ball Gall on Wild Rose. (Rhodites nebulosus.) 5. Ash Gall. Cecidomyiu pellex. ) Ball Gall on Wood Nettle. (Cecidomyia urnicola.) 6. Eye Spot Gall of Maple. ( Cecidomyia ocellata. ) oO. PuaTEe G. 1. Vein Gall on White Ash. Eriophyes sp. 4. Manitoba Maple Wart Gall. Lriophyes sp. 2. Chokecherry Mite Gall. Eriophyes. sp. 5. Poison Ivy Mite Gall. .Eriophyes sp. 3. Hawthorn Serpentine Gall. /riophyes sp. 6. Birch Bud-Gall. LEriophyes sp. 1. Sugar Maple Pink frost-gall. qo ho . Mountain Maple frost-gall. . Rock Elm frost-gall. Hriophyes sp. 6. Elm mite gall. Puate H. Eriophyes sp. 4. Beech frost-gall. Eviophyes sp. Eriophyes sp. 5. Elm mite gall. Eriophyes ulmi. under surface. Enlarged opening.on 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 81 AFFECTING GOLDENROD. A.—Galls on leaves. Cireular or somewhat irregularly elliptical, spot-like galls, only pro- jecting very slightly from each side of the leaf. The main part of the spot is light colored, this being enclosed by a dark ring giving it some resem- blance to an eye. Lunate Marginal Gall—Choristoneura flavolunata (Felt)—- Plate A., fig. 6. Solidago Canadensis. Small, oblong, or seed-like galls, light green in color, on the lower sur- face of the leaves. Seed Gall. Solidago Canadensis. Conical leafy structure 4 to 14 inches high and 4 inch in diameter. Between the thickened parts of the leaflets live from one to many, small, orange coloured larve. Terminal Gall—Asphondylia monacha (O.S.)— Solidago Canadensis. Leaves thickened and folded lengthwise, somewhat like a pod: green or red in colour. Leaf-fold Gall—Chactophorous sp. (undescribed)—Solidago Canadensis. B.—Galls on the stems. Large, elongated, monothalamous gall with a very large larval chamber situated on the stem below the branches. Elliptical Gall—Gnorimoschema, gallesolidaginis (Riley). Spindle-shaped galls about 3 cm. in length. Situated high up on the stem on the main axis of the plant among the branches, often causing some of these to abort. It passes the winter in the larval stage. Goldenrod Spindle Gall—EZucosma Seudderiana (Clemens)—Plate J., fig. 2. Solidago Cana- densis. Elliptical, hollow gall, 1.25 inches in length, .48 of an inch in diameter, the diameter of the plug .08 of an inch. The galls are found a short dis- tance above the ground.—Gnormischema galleisterella (Kell). Solidago Canadensis. Apical, bunch-like galls produced by the arrest of growth in the stalk, which causes the leaves to accumulate. Bunch Gall—Cecidomyia solidaginis (Loew)—Solidago Canadensis. Globular, ball-like enlargement about 1 inch in diameter. Ball Gall— Trypeta soliaxginis (Fitch)—Plate J., fig. 3. Solidago Canadensis. Consists of small bunch of accumulated aborted leaves about 4 inch in length. Cylindrical Bunch Gall—T7rypeta polita (Loew)—Solidago Cana- densis. C.—Galls in flower stalk. Bud-shaped, green galls, which are larger and stouter than the normal buds. Bud Gall—Cecidomyia racemicola (O.S.)—Solidago Canadensis. AFFECTING GOOSEBERRY. An irregular or rounded cluster of bud-like galls arising from a spherical receptacle on the stem. Gooseberry Bud Gall. Plate O., fig. 6. Ribes cynosbatt. AFFECTING GRAPE. A.—-Galls on leaves. A white erineum on the underside of the leaf. Trichomes simple. Erio- phyes sp.—Plate L., fig. 4. Wild Grape. Small, semi-circular or nearly circular capsules along the veins, about 2mm. in diameter and but slightly elevated on either surface of the leaf. On 6 EN. 82 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 upper surface paler than the leaf, below, with a white nipple surrounded by a furrow. Hriophyes sp.—Vitis cordifolia. Small, rough galls usually on the upper surface of the leaf. The galls are very numerous, and frequently the leaves are absolutely covered with them. Grape phylloxera—Phyllozera vastatriz (Planchon)—Vitis sp. Elongated, conical, red galls, .7-1 cm. in length usually on the upper side of the leaves. Grape Vine Tube Gall—Cecidomyia viticola (O.S.)— Plate O., fig. 1. Vitis sp. Irregular, soft and succulent swellings on stems and leaf-stalks of Grapes; vellow green or red in color. Grape-vine Tomato Gail—Lasioptera vitis (O.S.)—Vitis sp. Oval, red swellings of the petiole. About 4 inch long and } of an inch in diameter. Grape Petiole Gall—Vitis cordifolia. B.—Galls on Stems. Rounded galls flattened at the base and jointed at the top. On the stems of Wild Grapes. Grape-vine Apple Gall—Cecidomyia witis-pomum (Walsh & Riley). AFFECTING HACKBERRY. A witch-broom gall on branches and twigs. Hackberry Witch-broom Gall—Friophyes sp.—Celtis occidentalis. A woody gall with bluntly-rounded apex and slightly constricted at the point of attachment to the leaf. Opposite the gall is a concave depression. Hackberry Nipple Gall—Pachypsylla celtidis-mamme (Riley)—Celtis occi- dentalis. Circular spot-like gall on the under side of the leaf with a small nipple in the middle. Hackberry Blister Gall—Pachypsylla celtidis-vesiculum (Riley)—Celtis occidentalis. AFFECTING HAWTHORN. A fold of the leaf making long, irregular, wavy projections on the upper surface of the leaf. From the midrib to the edge of the leaf is the general direction of the gall. Serpentine Gall—Acarus crategi vermiculus—Plate G., fig. 8. Cratzgus sp. Small, round swellings (capsules) protruding very slightly on both sides of the leaf. About .5-1 mm. in diameter. Galls very numerous where they occur—sometimes more than 100 on a single leaf. Speck Gall—Eriophyes sp.—Crategus sp. These tiny oval galls can be easily recognized from their peculiar habit of arranging themselves all around the margins of the leaf, thus forming a sort of border for it. They are often so numerous that there is one for each serration. Each gall is about 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, and about 5 mm. thick. It extends about equally beyond both surfaces of the leaf and is of much the same texture as the leaf itself, except that towards the apex both it and the apex of the serration on which it is situated tend to become brown. In this brown part theré is a small aperture. The gall is monothalamous, and contains a single, yellowish white, short, fat larva, which on July 31st had not vet begun to pupate. Hawthorn Leaf-border Gall—Plate N., fig. 7. Crategus sp. Small red. pod-shaped structures slightly tapering towards one end on the upper surface of the leaf. From 5-8 mm. long and about 2 mm. wide. Pod Gall—Cecidomyida—Crategus sp. 6a EN. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 83 Tiny, oval structures arranged around the margin of the leaf. Often so numerous that there is one for each serration. Leaf-border-Gall Cecidomyia Crategus sp. Green or pink, globular, bladder-like structures on the under surface of the leaf. About 5mm. in diameter. Bladder Gall—Cecidomyidew—Plate O., fig. 5. Crategus sp. Very small, monothalamous, conical structures, 1 to 2 mm. high and 1,1.5 mm. wide at the base; formed anywhere on either surface of the leaf and sometimes on the stem of young twigs. Cone Gall —Hriophyes—Crategus sp. Cylindrical structures, hollow, red or green in color, about 3 mm. in height and diameter and with a hole in the top. Top of gall thickly set with spines. Burr Gall—Cecidomyia bedeguar, O.S.—Plate O., fig. 3. Crategus sp. Cock’s comb-like structure on the upper surface of the leaf. Cock’s Comb Hawthorn Gall—Hormomyia crategifolia (Felt)—Plate A., fig. 4. Crategus sp. Leaf slightly thickened, purplish in color and rolled in upon itself, the under surface being the one enclosed. Wooly Aphid Gall (Schizoneura)— Crategus sp. AFFECTING HELIANTHUS. Globular gall about 4 an inch in diameter on the leaves. Helianthus Ball -Gall—Cecidomyia bulla (Walsh)—Helianthus divaricatus and H. Strimosus. Linear-shaped galls in clusters on the stem. Cecidomyia helianthi (Brodie)—Helianthus divaricatus and H. strimosus. AFFECTING HAZEL. C This gall is found only along the main veins of the leaf. The part of the leaf round the affected portion of the vein become crimped, the crimps all radiating towards the vein as a common centre. Hazel Leaf Crimp Gall (Undescribed)—Corylus americana. A bud deformation, which attacks bud as soon as it expands, and checks its subsequent development. Hazelnut Bud Gall—Zriophyes avellane— Corylus americana. AFFECTING HICKORY A.—Galls on leaves. Flattened, circular, yellow or whitish galls, an inch in diameter. Hick- ory Button Gall—Phyllozera fovela—Plate N., fig.1. Carya glabra. ; Red, elongated galls, consisting of a fold of the main veins running from the midrib to the edge of the leaf. Hickory Vein Gall—Phyllozera caryevene—Carya Glabra. Cone-shaped gall about 3 mm. in diameter, on the upper side of the leaf. Green in color; the opening on the lower surface is fringed with hairs. Hickory Cone Aphid-Gall—Phyllozera caryefallar—Plate I., fig. 4. Carya ovata. P Hemispherical gall on the upper surface of the leaf, opening on the under surface by means of a narrow slit, } to } of an inch in diameter. Hick- ory Hemispherical Gall Phy!loxera carye-globuli—Dactylosyhera hemas- pericum—Carya alba. z Expansion of the young fruit or ovary to two or three times the size of the normal fruit. The centre of the gall is filled with Aphids. Fruit Gall-- Phyllozera (undescribed)—Carya ovata. 84 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 Conical or sometimes almost spherical, red or purplish gall on the under surface of the leaf along the veins. Hickory Cone Gall—Cecidomyia sanguinolenta (O.S.)—Carya ovata. Smooth and rounded, with a fine elongated tip, 5 to 6 mm. in height and 2to 3 mm. in greatest diameter. Pale green, turning brown in autumn on the under surface of the leaves. Hickory Seed Gall—Cecidomyia caryecola (O.S.)—Carya ovata. Sub-globular, pubescent, onion-shaped gall on the under side of the leaves. The pubescence is pale when gall is young and rose-coloured when mature. Hickory Onion Gall—Cecidomyia holotricha (O.S.)—Plate R., fig. 6. Hicoria ovata. Narrow, cylindrical, tube-like gall, on the under side of the leaves. Green when immature becoming brown or blackish when ripe. Hickory Tube Gall—Cecidomyia tubicola—Carya alba. Rounded, brownish, downy gall on the under side of the leaves. Resem- bles somewhat a diminutive peach. About 4 to 1/5 of an inch in diameter. Hickory Peach Gall—Cecidomyia persicoides—Carya ovata. Large, irregular knobs all over the husk of the nut containing’ thick- walled cells. Hickory Nut Gall—Cecidomyia caryenucicola—Carya alba. Thin-walled galls about 3 mm. in diameter, hard and brittle, attached to the under side of the leaves by a projection at the base which appears on the upper side as a black dot surrounded bv a light yellow areola. Hickory Ball Gall—Doplosis carye—Plate F., fig.1. Carya ovata. B.—Galls on Stems. : Large, globular or hickory-nut shaped galls on the stem, petiole or mid- rib of the leaf. Variable in size. Hickory Aphid Gall—Phyllozera carye- caulis (Fitch)—Carya ovata. AFFECTING HorseE-BaLm. An inverted, pear-shaped gall much resembling the gall in the Wood Nettle. The large end is weakly attached to a vein on the underside of the leaf. Horse-balm Leaf Gall—Cecidomyia collinsonie (Beutm)—Plate O., fig. 4. AFFECTING HUCKLEBERRY. Rounded or elongated galls 1-2 em. in diameter on the stem of the Huckleberry. Huckleberry Gall—Solenogopheria vacinii (Ashm)—Gaylus- sacia resinosa. AFFECTING GENUS JUGLANS. The Walnut and Butternut. A brown, velvety erineum surrounding the leaf stalks, or on the main veins, causing a swelling or bending of the stalk or vein. - Walnut Cushion Gall—Eriophyes sp.—Plate D., fig. 2. Juglans nigra and probably J. elnerea. Y A green pocket-gall on the upper side (usually) of the leaf. Walnut ‘Wart’? Gall—#riophyes sp.—Juglans nigra and probably J. cinerea. AFFECTING JUNEBERRY. Small nearly globular, dark brown, pocket galls, averaging 2 mm. in diameter, singly or in clusters on the upper side of the leaf. Juneberry Ball Gall—Friophyes sp.—Plate D., fig. 1. Amelanchier rotundifolia. 19058 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 85 AFFECTING LOcUST. Oval swellings on the branches and twigs, generally occurring at the junction of the leaf petiole with the branch. Locust Twig Borer—Lcdy- tolopha insitictana—Gleditschia triacanthos. AFFECTING MAPLE. A whitish frost-like erineum with scattered spots of rosy pink, on the upper surface of the leaf, sometimes nearly covering it. Hriophyes sp.— Plate H., fig. 1. Acer rubrum. , A pale yellow or white erineum on the under side of the leaf. Trichomes capitate. Hriophyes sp.—Acer saccharinum. A nearly spherical pocket gall on the upper surface of the leaf, varying from light green through red or purple to black. Phlecoptes quadripes— Plate J., fig. 1. Acer saccharinum. A white or whitish erineum in patches on the under side of the leaf, often limited by the veins. Trichomes capitate. When old the trichomes assume a brown color. LHriophyes sp.—Acer saccharum. A green, reddish or purplish, slender, pouch-gall projecting from the upper surface of the leaf. Phlaecoptes aceris—Plate M., fig. 6. Acer saccharum. A white or whitish erineum in patches on the under side of the leaf. Eriophyes sp.—Acer nigrum. Irregular wart-like swellings (Dimple) on the upper surface of the leaf. The swellings are green at first and turn gray when mature. The average diameter is about 3mm. Manitoba Maple Wart Gall—Hriophyes sp.—Plate G., fig. 4. Acer negundo. A white, whitish, or pale yellow erineum on the under side of the leaf, in patches often in the axils of the veins. Trichomes long, tangled and dis- torted.—Hriophyes sp.—Plate H., fig. 2, Acer spicatum. Target-like, circular, flat galls on the leaves of Red Maple, Eye-spot Gall of Maple—Cecidomyia ocellata, O.S.—Plate F. fig. 6. Acer sp. Swellings on the midrib of the leaflets much resembling the Ash Midrib Gall, Manitoba Maple Midrib Gall—Cecidomyia negundinis (Gillette.) Acer negundo. Irregularly elliptical swellings along the veins of the leaves of Hard Maple, red, green or yellow in colour. Hard Maple Leaf-vein Gall— Cecidomyid sp.—Plate P. fig. 1. Acer saccharum. AFFECTING MUHLENBERGIA, Bud galls with very much enlarged glumes. Muhlenbergia Bud Gall— Lasioptera muhlenbergize (Naster) Muhlenbergia glomerata. AFrectiInc NEw JERSEY TEA. A terminal, spindle-shaped enlargement of the stem, 10-15 mm. long. New Jersey Tea Stem Gall—Stagmatophora ceanothiella (Cosens)—Cean- othus americanus. AFFECTING OAK. An irregular dimple upon the blade of the leaf. From beneath it appears as an irregular concavity, lined with a tangled mass of white vege- table hairs. Oak Dimple Gall—Huriophyes querci—Plate L. fig. 3. Quer- cus macrocarpa. 86 THE REPORT OF THE ~ Noses A dense mat of brown hairs growing in large patches upon the under sides of the leaves. Oak Hair Gall—riophyes sp.—(Undescribed)—Quer- cus sp. A dense, white pubescence upon the under side of the leaves causing a distortion and folding of leaf blade. The pubescence is inside the fold, forming the lining of the gall. Oak Fold Gall—Cecidomyia Niveipila, 0.8. Quercus rubra. Green or brown, narrowly oval, inflated galls produced along the veins on the under side of the leaves. The surface of the gall is netted with veins. Oak Vein Gall—Cecidomyia quercus majalis O.S.—Plate E., fig. 5. Quer- cus rubra. Pale red, saucer-shaped galls in clusters on the under surface of the leaf. Oak Spangles—Ceczdomyia poculum O.S. Quercus alba. Small, bright red galls, joined to the leaf by a small portion of the sur- face, so that they are easily detached without injuring the leaf. The sur- face of the gall is netted with innumerable fissures between which are small elevations with very short spines. When on the under side of the leaf, the gall is white in color. Oak—Adraspis macrocarpa—Quercus macrocarpa. White, furry, hemispherical mass varying from 4-11 mm. in diameter. This is composed of innumerable fine, woody fibres to which are attached small, round kernels. The Larger Furry Ball Gall—Andvricus lana—Plate E., fig. 1. Quercus macrocarpa. i Small, button-like enlargements upon the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. Button Gall—Neuroterus wmbilicatus (Bass)—Plate B., fig. 6. Quercus macrocarpa. Small, dithalamous, pea-shaped gall on the upper side of the leaf. The surface is fissured or netted with depressions between which are elevations. Oak Pea Gall—Cynips Pisum—Quercus alba and macrocarpa. Hard, woody gall occurring on midrib or petiole. Green or red in color and more or less roughened on the surface. Oak Petiole Gall— Andricus petiolicola. Large globular gall about 4 cm. in diameter. Exterior surface smooth and somewhat irregular. Interior filled with a spongy mass of fibres, very loosely attached to the wall of the chamber. The Larger Oak Apple Gall— Amphibolips confluentis, (Harr.)—Plate E., fig. 2. Small. pale-green, wart-like gall situated in the parenchyma of the leaf and protruding beyond both surfaces but chiefly beyond the lower. Inside are two or three seed-like, oblong kernels, kept in position by white fila- ments. Oak Wart Gall—Andricus futilis, O.S.—Plate B. fig. 4. Quercus macrocarpa. Round or oval galls growing on the midrib of the leaf. The gall is white or yellowish and covered with fine bright pink or red spines about 1-2 mm. in length. Oak Hedgehog Gall—Acraspis crinacei—Plate R. fig. 1. Quercus alba. Small spherical gall about 3 mm. in diameter upon the veins of the leaves upon the under side of the leaf. It is thickly covered with fine short hair which forms a cushion all around it. Oak Furry Ball Gall—NVeuroterus floccosus—Plate R. fig. 2. Quercus alba. ‘Large, smooth, spherical galls from 2-3 cm. in diameter occurring on the under side of the leaves. The small, spherical, larval cell within the cavity is held in position by a comparatively small number of filaments which radiate from it to the surrounding walls. Empty Oak Apple Gall— Amphibolips inanis (O.S.). Quercus rubra. Og a eee 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 87 Somewhat circular, about 4 mm. in diameter, projecting on both sides of the leaf. Above dark red, below yellowish, about three times the thick- ness of the leaf. Oak—Andicus papillatus O.S.—Plate C. fig. 5. Quercus rubra. Irregular woody swellings of the midrib about 7-8 inch in length, sur- face is glabrous or slightly pubescent and projects on both sides of the leaf. Oak Midrib Gall—Andricus pige—Plate E. fig. 3. Globular, hollow gall, nearly always at the outer edge of the leaf blade. From .9-1 cm. in diameter and comparatively thin walled. Oak Apple Gall —Andricus singularis (Bass.) Quercus rubra. Cluster of dense, narrow leaflets, springing from a bud. Oak Leafy- wreath Gall—Andricus topiarius (Ashm).—Plate C. fig. 6. Quercus macro- carpa. B.—Galls on stem. Spherical gall, hard and woody with a small cavity in the centre. A short joint at the apex distinguishes this species from Globulus. Pointed Bullet Gall—Aolcaspis duricaria (Bass.) Quercus macrocarpa. Hard, conical galls occurring in numbers on the stems. Oak Cone Gall— Andricus ventricosus (Bass.)—Plate R. fig. 3. Quercus sp. Small, soft, bladder-like, one-celled structures, each about 1-3 of an imch in diameter. Arranged in a cylindrical cluster along the stem of the branches. Oak Fig Gall—Bviorhiza forticornis (Walsh)—Plate C. fig. 2. Quercus alba. Rosette or head of hard, brown, nut-like, wedge-shaped structures fitting closely to one another and attached at the base to a small, spherical receptacle about 4-1-3 of an inch in diameter. Pine-cone Oak Gall—Cynips strobilana (O.S.)—Plate C. fig. 4. Quercus macrocarpa. Irregularly oval, woody gall encircling the stem. Polythalamous, con- taining many cream-colored cases attached to the twig, each case looking very much like an oat seed. Oak Seed Gall—Andricus seminator (Harr.)— Quercus alba. Rough, hard, woody, somewhat globular, knot-like gall, encircling the stem and varying greatly in size, but commonly 1-2 inches in diameter. Oak Knot Gall—Andricus Punctatus (Bass.)—Plate C. fig. 1. Quercus coccinea. Bullet-like, corky gall with a small cavity in the centre. On stem of Burr Oak and White Oak. Oak Bullet Gall—Holcaspis globulus (Fitch). Quercus macrocarpa and Q. alba. Club-shaped, hard and woody with often a few leaves growing from it. 4 to 1 inch in length. Club Gall—Andricus clavula (Bass.)—Plate C. fig. 3. AFFECTING Poplar. A. Galls on the leaves. Small, circular, pimple-like elevations on the upper surface of the leaf, with a corresponding depression on the lower surface. Pimple Gall. (Plate P. fig. 3.)—Populus balsamifera. Leaf folded at its edge to form a red or green pouch over the gall which is narrow and tent-shaped, and is formed from the leaf surface. Aspen Tent Gall—Plate P. fig. 2. Populus tremuloides. Oblong enlargements of the petiole close to the base of the leaf. Nep- ticula sp.—Populus tremuloides. Pear-shaped, monothalamous galls growing on the upper side of the leaf and joined to the leaf by a slight constriction. Aspen Ball Gall—Plate P. fig. 5.—Populus tremuloides. 88 THE REPORT OF THE Novag Large, irregular galls on the tips of the twigs, consisting of a double row of lamina; between these two layers are large numbers of aphids. Vaga- bond Gall—Pemphigus vagabundus—Populus deltoides. Irregular, spherical gall developed at the junction of the petiole and blade of leaf. Poplar Petiole Gall—Pemphigus populicaulis—Plate I. fig. 3. Populus deltoides. Circular, flat or slightly convex, frost-like patches varying from 2-3 mm. in diameter; on the upper side of the leaf. Large-toothed Aspen Frost Gall—Eriophyes sp.—Populus grandidentata. Circular depressions dimple always on the lower side of the leaf. On the upper side it appears as a green red circular elevation. Large-toothed Aspen Convex Gall—#riophyes sp.—Plate M. fig. 1 & 2. Populus grandi- dentata. Dimple-like. galls on the upper side of the leaf of the Aspen. Aspen Dimple Gall—#riophyses sp.—Plate M. fig. 3. Populus tremuloides. Irregular, warty protuberances on the midrib or other veins of the leaf and extending beyond both surfaces but chiefly the upper one. Large- toothed Aspen Vein Gall. Populus grandidentata. Irregular tubercular masses of closely-packed small reddish-green pro- tuberances on the stem. Unsightly Poplar Gall—Z#riophyes sp. Populus tremuloides. A depression on the lower surface of the leaf, 4- 12 mm. in diameter and 2-5 mm. in depth. Under surface of gall is orange yellow—Hriophyes sp. —Plate D., fig. 3. Populus italica. Margin of leaf distorted and curled. LZriophyes sp. — Plate Ts, tigers Populus tremuloides. B.—Galls on the stem. Irregular swellings caused by a species of Woolly Aphis, on the smaller branches and twigs of the Cottonwood. Woolly Aphid Stem Gall— Schizoneura sp. Populus deltoides. Irregularly oval, about 1-3 to 4 inch long, smooth and about the same color as the bark. Usually on one side of a branch but sometimes nearly encircling it. Aspen Egg Gall—Agronyzaaoneiventris (Fallen).—Plate A., fig. 8. Populus tremuloides. AFFECTING GENUS PRUNUS. Reddish, slender pouch-galls, somewhat irregular and pubescent, 3-4 mm. long and .5-1 mm. in diameter. Pin Cherry Pouch Gall—Hriophyes sp. Prunus pennsylvanica. Green or rosy-red pouch gal on the upper side of the leaf, .5-6 em. in length. The gall is constricted about half way to the leaf. Black Cherry Pouch Gall—#riophyes sp. Prunus serrotina. Green or reddish pouch gall on the upper side of the leaf, differing from the Black Cherry Pouch Gall in that the aperture is not funnel-shaped. Choke Cherry Pouch Gall—Hriophyes sp.—Plate G., fig. 2. Prunus vir- giniana. A very long, slender pouch-gall, green or whitish on either side of the leaf. Wild Plum Pouch Gall—#riophyes sp.—Plate K., fig. 2. Prunus americana. A tubercular growth, encircling base of buds and shoots. Plum Bud Gall—Eriophyes phloeocoptes. Prunus domestica. A club-shaped, monothalamous gall with one or two leaves growing from its side. The gall is an enlargement of the terminal buds of young 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 89 Tr shoots. Black Cherry Bud Gall-Cecidomyia serotinae. Prunus Serotina. A malformation of the fruit. The pit or stone is absent and the fruit is enlarged, forming a thick walled pouch about 1 cm. in length by 5 mm. in width. Chokecherry Pocket Gall—Cecidomyia virginiana. Prunus vir- giniana. Arrecting Genus Pyrvs. Apple, Crab Apple, Pear and Chokeberry. Dimple galls, with the concavity on the upper surface of the leaf. Internal surface corrugated. Apple Dimple Gall—“riophyes sp. Pyrus malus. Capsule Galls on the upper side of the leaf. Apple and Pear ‘‘Leaf- blister’? Gall—Zriophyes pyri—Plate K., fig. 6. Pyrus malus, P. cor- onaria and P. communis. Knot-like swellings on the stems. Woolly Aphis Gall—Schizoneura langigeria. Pyrus malus. Capsule Galls, very small. When mature, brown in color. Choke- berry Speck Gall—Hriophyes sp. Pyrus arbutefolia. AFFECTING ROSE. A.—Galls on the leaves. Small, thin walled, spherical galls, red or r green in colour, and covered with short spines. About .75 cm. in diameter and monothalamous. Spiny Ball Gall—Rhodites nebulosus.—Plate F., fig. 2. Rosa Carolina. Small, circular galls about 3 mm. in diameter on the upper surface of the leaf. Pale green in colour and characterized by the presence of a little nipple in the centre of the gall. Nipple Gall—Rhodites lenticularis (Bass.) Rosa Carolina. Round, woody, globular or irregularly shaped galls, covered with a white mealy substance. Mealy Rose Gall—Rhodites ignotus (O.8.)—Rosa sp. B.—Galls on’ the stem. Smooth, corky enlargement rising at each end abruptly from the branch; 2-2.5 cm. in length and 1-1.5 em. in width. Globular Rose Gall—Rhodites globulus.—Plate F., fig. 4. Rosa Carolina. Hard, small cells, clustered around a branch or twig. The cells are covered with a dense, thick mass of green filaments which grow from them; monothalamous and from 1.5-2 cm. in diameter. Mossy Rose Gall—Rhodi- tes rosae—Plate E., fig. 4. Rose Carolina. Large, round or oblong galls from 1 to 2 inches in length; reddish brown and covered with stout spines or prickles. Spiny Rose Gall—Rho- dites multispinosus (Gill.)—Plate B., fig. 3. Rosa sp. Spherical, covered with many prickly spines which vary in length, and are sometimes larger than the diameter of the gall. Internally it is hollow with the wall about 1 to 2mm. thick. Yellowish green, sometimes tinged with red. Soft and fleshy in summer, woody and brown in winter. It is found singly or in clusters of from two to ten or more, upon twigs of differ- ent kinds of wild roses. (Beutm.)—/hodites bicolor (Harr.). Rosa sp. Elongated swelling of the branch, gradually tapering at both ends. Smooth or densely covered with short spines. About 2 inches long and polythalamous. Long Rose Gall—Rhodites dichlocerous (Harr.). Rosa sp. 90 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 C.—Galls on the roots. Large, irregularly rounded, reddish-brown galls from 1 to 2 inches in length; polythalamous. Rose Root Gall—Rhodites radicum (O.8.). Rosa sp. AFFECTING SPIRMA, A pod-like gall formed by the folding of the leaf along the midvein. Spirea Pod Gall—Cecidomyia salicifolia—Spirea tomentosa, S._ salici- folia and S. betulefolia. A bud-like, sessile gall in the axil of the leaf. Meadow Sweet Bud Gall—(Undescribed)—Spirea salicifolia. Small, cone-shaped galls on either the upper or lower surface of the leaf. Spireea Cone Gall (Undescribed)—Spirea salicifolia. AFFECTING SUMAC. The leaf margin rolled tightly upward and inward on both sides. Sumac Leaf-margin Gall—Zriophyes sp.—Plate K., fig. 3. Rhus typhina. Irregular, rounded, dimple gall, convex on the upper or under side of the leaf. Green to red or purple in color; inside clothed with white tri- chomes. Poison Ivy Dimple Gall—Lriophyes sp.—Plate G., fig. 5. Rhus radicans. Large, smooth, rounded galls, somewhat resembling a tomato in shape, on the under sides of the leaves. Sumac Potato Gall—Pemphigus rhois. Rhus typhina. AFFECTING STRAWBERRY. A much elongated, cylindrical enlargement of the petiole of the leaf, 1 to 4 in. long and 1-10 to 1-6 in. in diameter. Its surface, owing to slight annular constrictions has a more or less segmented appearance. The con- -trictions are seldom more than abeut .5 mm. deep and as a rule do not occur at regular intervals. Sometimes they are found every 1-16 of an inch, but in other cases they are as much as an inch apart. The surface of the gall is nearly red, or greenish, and is pubescent like the rest of the petiole. The texture is pulpy. The gall is polythalamous, as few as 10 and as many as 35 small chambers having been counted in specimens examined. These are all centrally situated and each contains a single, white larva, August 7, 1907. Occasionally two separate galls or gall clusters are found on a single petiole. Strawberry Petiole Gall. Plate R., fig. 7. Fragaria Virginiana. AFFECTING TovucH-ME-Nor. Globular, succulent, semi-transparent, at base of flowers. Touch-me- not Flower Gall—Cecidomyia impatiens (O.S.). Impatiens fulva. Green, succulent, globular or irregularly rounded swelling on the stem, petiole or leaf. Touch-me-not Stem and Leaf Gall—Ceczdomyjia. —Plate O., fig. 2. fulva (Bent)—Impatiens fulva. AFFECTING Tutte TREE. Hollow swellings, varying from 5 to 2.5 em. in length on the midrib and lateral veins of the leaves. Tulip Tree Midrib Gall—Cecidomyia tul- ipifera—Liriodendron tulipifera. AFFECTING VERVAIN. An oval, hard and woody gall, an enlargement of the stem. Blue Ver- vain Stem Gall (Undescribed)— Verbena hastata. a RCN 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 91 AFFECTING VIBURNUM. A small, blister-like gall, circular in outline, 3-4 mm. in diameter. Viburnum Leaf Blister Gall. Viburnum acerifolium. AFFECTING VIRGINIA CREEPER. Green and succulent fold gall on the midrib of the leaf. Midrib Gall on Virginia Creeper—Cecidomyia sp.—Plate E., fig. 7. Ampelopsis quinque- folia. ArrectIng WHITE LETTUCE. Large, rough, irregular swellings on stem. White Lettuce Stem Gall— Aulaz nabali (Brodie)—Plate R., fig. 5. Prenanthes alba. AFFECTING WILLOWS. A.—Galls on leaves. Smooth, fleshy, sessile, globular or slightly oval, monothalamous gall. like a miniature apple. About 1 cm. in diameter growing on one side of the midrib of the leaf. Willow Apple Gall—Pontania pomum—Salix sp. Smooth, flattish, glossy enlargements of the petiole or often of the mid- rib of the leaf near the base. Willow Petiole Gall—Pontania desmodeoides. Salix lucida. Irregularly elongate-oval fleshy galls projecting equally on both sur- faces of the leaf. Usually many on a leaf. Willow Flat Gall—Pontania hyalina—Salix sp. Cluster of massed leaves surrounding a small cell containing a yellowish larva. Similar in appearance to the Goldenrod Bunch Gall. Willow Bunch Gall—Rhabdophaga brassicoides—Salix sp. A pale green or purple capsule gall, projecting either above or below the leaf, or both; 14 to 2 mm. in diameter. Hriophyes sp. Salix cordata. Small, irregular, serrate and roughened pocket-galls or semi-capsules, green or red, strongly pilose above and thickly pubescent beneath. Usually on the upper side of the leaf. Hriophyes sp.—Plate K., fig. 4. Salix dis- color. Small, crimson pocket-galls or semicapsules on the upper side of the leaf. 14 to 2} mm. in diameter. Hriophyes sp. Salix amygdaloides. A small capsule gall, irregularly hemispherical, greenish yellow, with a projecting aperture usually on the lower surface of the leaf, 1 to 24 mm. in diameter. Eriophyes sp. Salix nigra. Small irregular, serrate capsule-gall, green or red, usually on the upper side of the leaf; beneath sometimes impressed, more often projecting. 1 to 2 mm. in diameter. Eriophyes sp. Salix bebbiana. Small irregular, serrate capsule-gall, projecting on both sides of the leaf, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter. Hriophyes sp. Salix petiolaris. A bud deformation of the flower catkins and leaf buds or parts of leaves, producing a large, irregular, crumpled mass. Hriophyes sp.—Plate D., fig. 5. Salix nigra. Rosette-like structures on the leaves and stems. Unsightly Willow Gall—Eriophyes sp. Salix sp. This gall has two different forms in the course of its development. There is first the ‘“bead’’ stage, when each gall looks like a small yellowish- white bead about 1.5 mm. in diameter, two-thirds of the bead appearing on the under and nearly one-third on the upper surface of the leaf. The tip of the bead, on the lower side of the leaf, is perforated. The texture is hard and close and the surface even and somewhat pubescent. The sec- 92 THE REPORT OF GUHE No. 19 ond stage seems to occur in July. In this month the galls elongate on the lower surface into nipples 3-4 mm. long and 1-1.5 mm. in diameter. The color is rather lighter than before, except that the end of the nipple itself is often nearly black. The pubescence is much more visible than before. The galls occur either singly or in closely united groups of 2-15, chiefly along or near the midrib. They are monothSlamous but no larvae were discovered in the specimens examined. Willow-leaf Bead and Nipple Gall— (Undescribed)—Salix rostrata. B.—Galls on stems. Large, rough galls on the stems of the Willow. The galls are smooth at first but become rough later in the season. Willow Branch Gall—Saperda concolor—Salix sp. Cone-shaped mass of closely-imbricated leaves at the end of a twig, caused by the arrest of growth at the end of the stem. Pine Cone Willow Gall—Cecidomyia strobilocdes.—Plate O., fig. 7. Salix sp. Club-shaped gall formed on the lateral shoots of the Willow, an enlarge- ment of the whole stem. About ? of an inch in length. Willow Club Gall— Cecidomyia rigida—Salix sp. Oval galls on the sides of the twigs, hard and woody and usually the same colour as the stem. Willow Egg Gall, Huura ovum—Salix sp. : Oblong-ovate, polythalamous galls, about the same color as the bark while young but gray when mature. Willow Potato Gall—Rhabdophaga batatas O.S.—Plate A., fig. 7. Salix sp. Irregularly woody, oval enlargement of the stem at the joints or nodes. 1-3 to 4 an inch in length. Willow Joint Gall—Ahabdophaga nodulus (Walsh). Salix sp. C.—Galls of the Buds. Altered or transformed buds. The bud scales become elongated and the interior becomes a cavity in which the larva lives. Willow Bud Gall— Rhabdophaga trilicoides (Walsh). Salix sp. AFFECTING WiLD LETTUCE. An irregular, oval, polythalamous, knotty enlargement of the stem varying greatly in size. -The interior is soft and pithy. Lettuce Tumor Gall—Aulaz tumidus—Lactuca Canadensis. AFFECTING WitcH HAZEL. A conical swelling on upper side of leaf. Witch Hazel Cone Gall— Hormaphis hamameliais (Fitch).—Plate I., fig. 2. Hamamelis virginiana. Round gall covered with long spines. A deformation of the fruit bud. Spiny Witch-Hazel Gall—Hormaphis spinosus—Plate I., fig. 1. Hamam- elis virginiana. AFrFEecTInG Woop NETTLE. Ball-like galls occurring either on the upper or lower surface of the leaf. Wood Nettle Ball Gall--Cecidomyia urnicola—Plate F., fig. 3. Laportea Canadensis. A gall consisting of a malformation of the fruit, much like the ball gall on the leaves. Wood Nettle Fruit Gall—Cecidomyia sp.—Laportea Canadensis. Soft, smooth, spongy, oval or rounded gall of a pale brown colour, on the stem. About 1 cm. in diameter. Wood Nettle Pod Gall—(Undescribed). Laportea Canadensis. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Hermann Apter, M.D. Adler. ‘‘Ueber den Generations-wechsel der Eichen Gallivespen,’’ Zeit- schrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Bd. 35. Leipzig—‘‘Alterna- ting Generations, a Study of Oak Galls and Gall Flies;’’ translation by C. R. Stratton, Clarendon Press, Oxford. J. M. ALpRicuH. Aldrich. Bul. 26 of the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, 1901. W. H. ASHMEAD. Ashmead, 1879. Injurious and Beneficial Insects Found on the Orange Trees of Florida. Canadian Entomologist, 11:159, 160. A Bibliographical and Synonymical Catalogue of the North American Cynipide, with descriptions of new species. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. XII, 291-304. On the Cynipidous Galls of Florida, with descriptions of new species and synopses of the described species of North America. ‘Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV, pp. 125-158. Description of new Cynipidous Galls and Gall-Wasps in the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XIX, pp. 113-136. 1897. Description of some New Genera in the Family Cynipide. 1903. Classification of the Gall Wasps and the Parasitic Cynipoids on the superfamily Cynipoide. Psyche 10: 7, 59, 140, 210. W. B. Barrows. Barrows, 1899. Jumping Oak Gall. Michigan Agr. Exp. Station, Division of Entomology, Bull, 175. NATHAN BANKS. Banks, 1904. A Treatise on the Acarina. U.S. National Museum Proceed- ings, 1382. 28:1-114. 1905. Descriptions of some new mites. Entomological Society of Washington Proceedings, 7:141. 1907. A Catalogue of the Acarina. U.S. National Museum Proceed- ings, 1553. 32:595-625. H. F. Bassett. Bassett. Descriptions of several supposed new species of Cynips, with remarks on the formation of certain Galls. Proc. Ent. Soc. of Phil., Vol. If, No. 3, pp. 323-333. Description of several new species of Cynips, and a new species of Diastrophus. Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Vol. III, pp. 679-691. WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER. Beutenmuller, 1892. Catalogue of Gall-producing Insects. American Museum Bulletin, 4:278. 1904. The Insect Galls of New York City. American Museum Journal 4:124. 94 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 1904. Catalogue of Gall-Producing Insects found within fifty miles of New York City, with Descriptions of their Galls, and of some new species. Am. Mu. of Nat: Hust., sVoli> TV eNo. 1, Art) 3eVieepoe 245-268. 1907. The North American Species of Rhodites and their Galls. Ameri- can Museum Bulletin, Vol. XXIII., Article XXVII: 629-651. 1907. New Species of Gall producing Cecidomyide. American Museum Bulletin, Vol. XXIII., Article XVII: 385-400. 1908. Some apparently new Cecidomyide. Can. Ent. Vol. XL. 73. Dotr Mario Bezzt. Bezzi, 1899. Primo Contributo Allo Studio della Cecidiologia Trentina Con Note Sopra Aleume Altre Galle. BR. T. Brorerrr. Biolett:.. California Agricultural Experiment Station, Bul. No. 131, 1901, “The Phylloxera of the Vine.’’ W. A. Cannon. Cannon. The Gall of the Monterey Pine. The Amer. Nat., Vol. XXXIV, No. 406 (Oct., 1900), p. 801. GrorcrE H. CHapwick. Chadwick, 1908. A Catalogue of the “Phytoptid’’ Galls of North America. New York State Museum, 23rd Report of the State Entomologist, 1908. T. D. A. CocKERELL. Cockerell, 1903. A New Oak-Gall. Can. Ent. 35: 217. 1904.. Three New Cecidomyid Flies. Can. Ent. 36 :155-156. 1902. A New Gall-making Coccid. Can. Ent. 34:75. 1902. Some Gall Insects, Cynipide. Can. Ent. 34: 183-184. 1901. A New Cecidomyid on Gutierrezia. 1900. A New Oak Gall from New Mexico. Can. Ent. 32:91. Water E. CoLiince. Collinge, 1906. Report on the Injurious Insects and other animals observed in the Midland Counties during 1905. J. H. anp A. B. Comstock. Comstock. Manual for the Study of Insects. Epwarp T. Connon. Connold, 1901. British Vegetable Galls. Hutchinson & Co., London. Metvittr Tuurston Coor. Cook, 1902, 1904. Galls and Insects Producing them. Ohio Naturalist, 2:263-78; 4:115. 1904. Insect Galls of Indiana. Indiana Department of Geology, Annual ‘ Report, 29 :801-62. 1906. Algunas Agallas de Cuba Producidas por insectos Tomado del Primer Informe Annual de la Estacion Central Agronomica de Cuba. Publication el 10 de Junio de 1906. . 7 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 95 MAXINE CORNU. Cornu. Etudes sur le Phylloxera vastatrix. Mem. a l’Academie der Sciences, de ]’Inst. Nat. de France, Tome X XVI, No. 1. A. DESPLIssIs. Desplissis. Phylloxera of the Vine. R. W. Doane. Doane, 1900. Notes on a new Sugar-Beet Pest, with a description of the Species. Entomological News, 11:390-391. M. Lacaze-DutTuHiers. Lacaze-Duthiers. Recherches pour service 4 L’Histoire des Galles. Extrait des Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Tome X XIX. E. Porter Fett. Felt, 1907. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. N.Y. State Museum Memoir 8, 2:619-20, 630-31, 633-34, 718, 725, 745, 755. 1907. New Species of Cecidomyide. New York State Museum bulletins 110, 22. Report of the State Entomologist, 1906. 1907. New Species of Cecidomyide 11, 23 Report of State Entomo- logist, 1907. W. W. Froceatt. Froggatt. Some Account of the Gall-Making Insects of Australia. Natural Science, Vol. V, No. 30, 1894. CLAUDE FULLER. Fuller, 1896. Forest Insects. Some Gall-making Coccids. Harrison GARMAN. Garman, 1883. The Phytopti and Other Injurious Plant Mites. Entomo- logist of Illinois, Annual Report, 12: 123-27. 1892. American Phytoptocecidii. Psyche, 6:241. A Plum Twig Gall Produced by a Mite. 7th Annual Rept. Ky. Agri. Ex. Station, 1894. C. P. GILtette. Gillette, 1889. Notes on certain Cynipide, with descriptions of new species. Psyche 1889: 183-188, 214-221. 1890. A New Cecidomyid infesting’ Box-elder (Acer negundo) Psyche 1890: 392-393. 1892. Colorado Cynipide, Ent. News, 3: 246-248. 1893. Colorado Cynipide, Entomological News, 4:28-31, and 166-167, and 210-211. A ARSENE GIRAULT. Girault, 1903. A New Species of Gall-Wasp (Cynipide) from Goldenrod (Solidago). Entomological News 14: 323-324. 96 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 H. A. Hacen. mali et Collection of Phytoptocedia. Canadian Entomologist, 17: 1885, On the relations of Fungi to Galls and to Larve of Cecidomyia living in Galls. Psyche IV: 334. W. D. Hunter. _ Hunter. The Aphidide of North America. Iowa Agri. Col. Ex. Station, Bul. 60, 1901. C. F. Jackson. Jackson, 1908. A Synopsis of the Genus Pemphigus with Notes on Their Economie Importance, Life-history and Geographical Distribution. Proceedings of the Columbus Horticultural Society. Tennyson D. JARVIS. Jarvis, 1907. Insect Galls of Ontario. Entomological Society of Ontario, Annual Report, 37 :56-72. : 1908. Additional Insect Galls of Ontario. Entomological Society of Ontario, Annual Report, 38 : 85-94. J. A. Lintner. Iintner, 1889. In N.Y. State Museum Annual Report, 42:303. 1896. Phytoptus? pruni (Amerl). N.Y. State Museum Annual Report, 50:318, 350. VY. H. Lowe. Lowe. The Woolly-Louse of the Apple (Schizoneura lantgera). Fifteenth Annual Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station (Geneva), 1896, pp. 570-582. Dr. Franz Loew. Loew, 1885. Ueber neue und schon bekannte Phytoptocecidien; Verhand- lung der k.k. zoologische-botanische Gesellschaft in Wien (Vienna). p. 451-70. Orto LUGGER. Lugger. Bugs Injurious to our Cultivated Plants. Univ. of Minn. Agri. Ex. Station, Bul. No. 69, 1900. B. Prckman Mann. Mann, 1883. Contributions to the Knowledge of Parasitic Life in Galls. Psyche, 4:89-91. A. NALEpa. Nalepa, 1898. Eriophyide (Phytoptide) in ‘Das Thierreich.’’ Lief., 4:8. Baron R. Osten-SAcKEN. Osten-Sacken. On the Cynipide of the North American oaks and their Galls. Proc. Ent. Soc. of Phil., Vol. I., No. 3, pp. 47-72. Additions and Corrections to title 22. Proc. Ent. Soc. of Phil., Vol. I., No. 8, pp. 241-259. Piate I, Spiny Witch-Hazel Gall. ( Hormaphis spinosus. ) Witch-Hazel Cone Gal!. ( Hor maphis hamamelidis. ) . Cottonwood Petiole Gall. ( Pemphigus populicaulis. ) phigus po} Hickory Cone Gall. ( Phyl/oxera caryae-fullax. ) Cockscomb Gallon Elm. (Co'opha ulmicola. ) Basswood Mite Gall. (Eriophyes abnormis. ) its PLATE Two specimens on left. . Two specimens on right. . Soft Maple Mite Gall. ( Phloecoptes quadripes) . ( Bucosma scudderiana. ) ( Trypeta solidaginis. ) me COhoe . Eriophyes sp., Betula papyrifera. . Eriophyes sp., Prunus Americana. Eriophyes sp., Rhus Cotinus. Eriophyes sp., Salix discolor. Puate K. 5. Kriophyes cephalanthae, Cephalanthus ‘occidentalis. 6. Eriophyes pyri sp., Pyruis communis, wore Puate L Eriophyes sp., Populus tremuloides. 4. Eriophyes sp., Vitis sp. Eriophyes sp., Fraxinus Americana. 5. Eriophyes sp., Ulmus Americana. Eriophyes sp., Quercus macrocarpa. 6. Eriophyes sp., Ulmus pubescens. Piate M. Eriophyes sp., Populus tremuloides. Eriophyes sp., Tilia Europea. Eriophyes sp., Betula papyrifera. . Phlcecoptes aceris, Acer saccharum. 1. Eriophyes sp., (under surface) Populus grandidentata. 2. Eriophyes sp., (upper surface) Populus grandidentera. Puate N. 1. Hickory Gall. 5. Lasioptera lycopi, Lycopus virginicus. 2. Pod or fruit gall, Laportea Canadensis. 6. Cecidomyia virginiana, interior of gall, 3. Golden Rod seed gall, Solidago Canadensis. Prunus virginiana. 4. Cecidomyia caryae-nucicola, Carya alba. 7 Hawthorn Leaf-border gall, Crataegus sp. 1 mone Cecidomyia viticola, vitis sp. Cecidomyia sp., Impatiens fulya. Cecidin via bedeguar, Ceataegus. Cecidomyia? collinsoniae, Collinsonia Canadensis. Puate O. 6. i: Hawthorn Bladder gall, Crataegus, sp. Gooseberry Bud gall, Ribes grossulare. Cecidomyia Strobiloides, Salix discolor. se 9 3 Maple Vein gall, Acer Saccharum. Aspen Tent gall, Populus tremuloides. Balm of Gilead pimple gall, Populus balsamifera. PEATE OP: 4. 5. or] Elm-Pimple gall, Ulmus Americana. Aspen Ball gall, Populus tremuloides. ked Elm Bud gall, Ulmus fulva. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 97 Contributions to the Natural History of the Cynipide of the U.S. and their Galls. Proc. Ent. Soc. of Phil., Vol. II., p. 33-49. id., Vol. IV., p. 331-386 id., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. III., pp. 54-64 Biological Notes on Diptera (Galls) on Solidago. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. II., pp. 299-305. Two New North American Cecidomyia. Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Vol. VI., pp. 219-220. Monograph of the Diptera of North America. Smith, Miss. Coll., Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Described Diptera of North America. Smith, Miss. oll Vol. XVI. A. S. Packarp. Packard. Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees. 5th Rep. U. S. Ent. Com., 1890. P, J. Parrott. Parrott, 1907. The Apple and Pear Mites. N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 283. Cuartes H. Peck. Peck, 1869, in N.Y. State Museum Annual Report, 22:101. THEO. PERGANDE. Pergande. The Life History of Two Species of Plant Lice. Inhabiting both Witch-Hazel and Birch. Tech. Series, No. 9, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. of Ent., 1901. North Marenican Phylloxerine Affecting Hicoria (Carya) and Other trees. Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., Davenport, Iowa, Vol. IX., 1904, pp. 185-273. C. H. Prersoon. Persoon, 1822. Mycologia Europea, p. 2. Ol. Ramey Riley, 1870, in American Entomology and Botany, 2:339. The Grape Phylloxera, Phylloxera vastatrix, Planchon. 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th Annual Reports of the Noxious and Beneficial and other Insects of the State of Missouri. Ritey anp Mone Lu. Riley and Monell. Notes on the Aphidide of the United States, with des- criptions of species occurring West of the Mississippi. Bull. of the U.S. Geol. and Geol. Survey of the Territories, Vol. V., No. 1, 1879. G. B. Rotruera. Rothera. On fis AMtiology and Life History of Some Voretal Galls and their Inhabitants. Natural Science, Vol. III., No. 21, 1893. Joun A. RYDER. Ryder, 1879. A probable new species of phytoptus or gall mite. American Naturalist, 13 : 704. 70157 EN. YS THE REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Noid} Wa. SAUNDERS. Saunders. Insects Injurious to Fru'ts, 1883. Henry SHIMER. Shimer, 1869. Descriptions of Two Acarians bred from the White Maple. American Entomological Society Transactions, 2:319. A Summer Study of Hickory Galls, with description of supposed new insects bred therefrom. Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., 1869, pp. 386-398. J. M. STepmMan. Stedman. The Woolly Aphis of the Apple, or the Apple-Root Plant Louse (Schizoneura lanigera Hansen). Missouri Agri. Ex. Station, Cir- cular No. 6, 1898. : Cyrus THomas. Thomas. 8th Report of the Illnois State Entomologist, 1879. Dr. C. G. pre Daya Torre. : Dalla Torre. Catalogue Hymenopterorum, Cynipide, Vol. II., 1893. A. TROTTER. Trotter, 1903. Descrizione di varie galle dell’ America del Nord. Marcellia 2:63-75. C. H. Tyter Townsenp. Townsend, 1893. Stem Gall on Ephedra Nevadense. Entomological News, 4: 242-245. ; A Cabbage-like Cecidomyidous Gall on Bigelovia. Psyche, 6:491. A Cocks-comb Gall on Rhus microphyla. Psyche, 6:504-505. On a Fleshy Leaf Gall on Scrub Oak. Psyche, 6: 623. A Cone-like Cecidomyid Gall on Bigelovia. Psyche, 7:176. A Psyllid Leaf-Gall on Celtis. Probably Pachypsylla celtidis-pubescens, Riley. Psyche, 7: 187-188. Gall of Eurytoma sp. on the Cat’s-claw Thorn. Psyche, 7 : 202-203. B. D. WatsH. Walsh, 1864, 1867. On the Insects, Coleopterous, Hymenopterous and Dip- terous Inhabiting the Galls of Certain Species of Willow. Entomo- ~ logical Society of Philadelphia Proceedings, 3 :543-644; 6:223-88. On the Genera of Aphidide found in the United States. Proc. Ent. — Soc., Phil., Vol. I., No. 9, p. 294. On Dimorphism of the Hymenopterous genus, Cynips, with appendix, containing lists for a new classification of Cynipide and a list of Cyn- ipide, including description of several species inhabiting the Oak Galls of Illinois. Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Vol. II., No. 4, pp. 445-500. ENTOMOLOGICAL RECORD 1908. By James FLETCHER AND ARTHUR GIBSON. The season of 1908 in most parts of Canada was an exceptionally dry one. The continued drought which began in early June, lasted well on into September in many parts of the Dominion. The weather, too, was extremely hot, and vegetation, consequently, was much injured and reduced in vigour. Insects have been particularly numerous in certain localities, and some kinds of injurious species were very destructive. From the collector’s standpoint, the season, on the whole, throughout the country, was probably better than that of each of the three or four preceding years. Some correspondents report that the season in their immediate vicinity has been a particularly poor one, others that it has been an improvement on the recent years. More are of the latter opinion. As in the past a great many records have been sent in by correspondents. ' From these have been taken those which, for one reason or another, have been thought to be of most interest. As has been pointed out before, an insect may seem rare to the collector who sends in the record, when in reality, its occurrence may be widerspread, and for this reason not worth recording in the Record. As in previous years, some of the federal Government officers brought back with them, from their distant fields of labour, small collections of insects of special interest. Mr. Joseph Keele, during the past summer, made some valuable collections at the mouth of the Gravel River and along the McKen- zie River adjacent, on the eastern slope of the Rockies. Mr. C. H. Young, of the same Department, spent the months of August and September at the Biological Station, Departure Bay, B.C., with the well-known lepidopterist, Rey. G. W. Taylor, who is now there as Curator of the Station. Mr. Young collected insects of several orders, among which are many of much interest. Mr. Douglas H. Nelles, of the Alaska Boundary Survey, spent the summer in the Yukon District, between White Horse and the 141st Meridian, and made a collection of butterflies. Mr. Andrew Halkett of the Fisheries Museum, returned to Ottawa in November, bringing with him a small col- lection of various insects taken in Alberta. Dr. Fletcher made a hurried trip to British Columbia in September and October. and while stopping over for a day or two, each at Nepigon, Ont.; Regina, Sask.; Banff and Laggan, Alta.; and Departure Bay, B.C., collected many insects of value. Mr. Gibson spent most of July at Youghall, N.B., and while there made col- lections in all orders. Acknowledgments are again due to the leading specialists in the United States who have rendered much help to Canadian students during the year: Dr. L. O. Howard, with his assistants at Washington; Dr. J. B. Smith, of New Brunswick, N.J.; Professor H. F. Wickham, of Iowa City, Iowa; Mr. _W.D. Kearfott, of Montclair, N.J.; Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo, N.Y.; Mr. Wm. Beutenmuller and Professor R. C. Osburn, of New York, N.Y., and Prof. J. S. Hine, of Columbus, Ohio. Sir George Hampson, of the British Museum, has also been of much help in identifying specimens of lepidoptera. N.B.—Owing to the death of my good friend, chief, and ever kind teacher, Dr. James Fletcher, the manuscript of the Entomological Record for 1908 has had to be prepared hy me. Dr. Fletcher had, I know, certain records and other notes which he intended to include. I truet, however, that »nv omissions which may be noticed will be made known, so that they ean be included in the Entomological Record for 1909.—Arthur Gibson. [99] 100 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 LITERATURE. Among the many valuable publications which have been received during the past year, and which are of interest to Canadian students, mention may be made of the following :— Banks, NatHan. Catalogue of the Neuropteroid Insects (except Odo- nata) of the United States. Philadelphia: Transactions, American Entomo- logical Society, 1907. This valuable catalogue of neuropteroid insects was not received in time to be mentioned in last year’s Record. The name of the author is sufficient to guarantee the usefulness of this list. Altogether there are nearly 900 species included in the catalogue, arranged under 210 genera. BetuuneE, CO. J. S. Bibliography of Canadian Entomology for the year 1907. Ottawa: Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Third Series— 1908-1909, Volume II., Section IV.; separate received December 15, 1908. This paper, which is annually presented to the Royal Society of Canada by the Rev. Prof. Bethune, is a most useful publication. In the above biblio- graphy, 125 references are made to contributions which have appeared during 1907, all of which are of value to Canadian students. With each reference a short explanatory statement is made. We are very grateful to the author for this annual publication. To many, it is the only source of reference to articles which have appeared during the year on Canadian Entomology. Buscx, Aucust. A Generic Revision of American Moths of the Family (Ecophoride, with Descriptions of New Species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXXV., pp. 187-207; published Oct. 31, 1908. The results of Mr. Busck’s work on Microlepidoptera are always of much value. In tbis paper the genera of the above family are treated of. As very little study had previously been given to the North American species, this contribution will be of great service to students of Tineid moths. Mr. Busck states that there are now 121 described species of this family represented in North America. Braptey, J. Cuester. The Evaniide, Ensign-flies, an Archiac Family of Hymenoptera. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXXIV., No. 2, April-May- June, 1908; pp. 101-194, 11 plates. This contribution ‘deals with the North American species of Evaniide, insects which are usually not well represented in collections. References to species occurring in Canada are given and many new forms described. This paper will prove of much use to hymenopterists. The Ensign-flies, which are so named because they carry the abdomen aloft like a flag, are parasitic. CaupELL, ANDREW Netson. Notes on some Western Orthoptera, with the Description of one New Species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXXIV, pages 71-81; published April 17, 1908. As this paper includes notes on species collected in western Canada in 1906, it will prove of value to those of our entomologists who study orthoptera. 27 different species are recorded, from British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan. Fernatp, C. H. The Genera of the Tortricide and their Types. Amherst, Mass.; published by the author, June, 1908. Professor Fernald is to be congratulated on this most valuable piece of work. Over 300 generic names are reviewed. In the Canadian Entomologist, Sept. 1908, Mr. Kear- fott says: “This work is the first of its kind that has ever been published in the Microlepidoptera. As its title implies, it takes up one by one every Tortricid genus known to the author, from the tenth edition of Linneus down to the present day, and fixes and names the type species in each genus.”’ Harrineton, W. Hacur. Fauna Ottawensis: Hymenoptera—Super- family III.—Vespoidea; The Ottawa Naturalist, July, 1908. This contribu- 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 101 tion to the insects of the Ottawa District is a most welcome one. Mr. Har- rington has always paid special attention to the fauna of this locality, and, as our highest Canadian authority on the hymenoptera, the above paper, which mentions 87 different species, is of much value. In the introductory remarks information is given on the Families Ceropalide, Vespide, Humeni- dz, Chrysidide, Bethylide, Tiphiide, Thynnide, Myromoside and Mutil- lide. Kearrort, W. D. Descriptions of New Species of North American Crambid Moths. Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXXYV., pp. 367-393; sep- arates published Oct. 31, 1908. In this valuable contribution to the Pyra- lide, 20 new North American species of crambid moths are described, 5 of which are from Canada. Kwan, FREDERICK. Observations on the Mosquitoes of Saskatchewan. Reprinted from Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections (Quarterly Issue), Vol. 50; published Feb. 20, 1908. These observations were the result of an expe- dition to western Canada during the spring of 1907. Nine different species were collected, eight of the genus Aedes and one of the genus Uuliseta. The habits of some of the species are discussed, and notes given on their life- histories. MircHetL, Evetyn GrorssBeeck. Mosquito Life. J.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York and London. The Knickerbocker Press, (1907). This most inter- esting and extremely valuable book came to hand early in 1908. It reviews previous work on these important insects, and includes much original matter not previously published. The titles of the different chapters will give an idea of the extent of the work. I. Systematic Position and Structure. IT. Some Habits of the Adults. III. How Far Mosquitoes Fly. IV. Mating. V. Larve and Pupe. VI. Malaria. VII. Yellow Fever and Other Dis- eases. VIII. Mosquito Remedies and Enemies. IX. Notes on the Com- moner Species. X. Collecting and Laboratory Methods. XI. Identification Keys and Systematic List. Ospurn, Raymonp C. British Columbia Syrphide, New Species and Additions to the List. Canadian Entomologist, January, 1908. In this paper, 50 different species are mentioned, 6 of which are described as new. This article brings the list of British Columbian Syrphide up to 128 different species. It is pleasing to note that the large majority of the species were collected by local entomologists. This and Mr. Osburn’s previous paper, (Can. Ent., Vol. XX XVI., Aug.-Sept., 1904), will make an excellent founda- tion for future work, in this family, for British Columbian dipterists. Smiru, Joun B. Notes on the Species of Amathes, Hbn., Philadelphia: Transactions, American Entomological Society, XXXIII., Nov. 1907; sepa- rate received Feb. 3, 1908. This paper, which treats of some of the North American species of noctuids in our lists under the genus Orthosia, is a wel- come addition to the literature. Ten species of the genus Amathes have been found in Canada. This genus has the ‘“‘Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely porrect, fringed with long hair in front, the 3rd joint short; frons smooth; eyes large, rounded; antenne of male typically ciliated; head and thorax clothed with hair only; the tegule produced to a dorsal ridge, the pro- and metathorax without distinct crests: abdomen dorsally flattened, with lateral tufts of hair and some rough hair at base but without crests. Fore- wings with the termen evenly curved.’’ SmitH, Joun B. A Revision of Some Species of Noctuide heretofore referred to the Genus Homoptera, Boisduval. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXXV., pp. 209-275, separates published November 10, 1908. This _ Important contribution on the old genus Homoptera wll be hailed with delight 102 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 by lepidopterists. There has been so much confusion in the genus, and it was previously very difficult, in many instances, to get exact determinations. Dr. Smith has gone into the subject very fully. Of the 25 species treated of, nine are recorded from Canada. In addition four other species occur in Canada, as mentioned in the Ottawa Naturalist, October, 1908. The old name Homoptera is replaced by Phceoeyma of Hubner, an earlier name. Van Duzer, E. P. Studies in North American Membracide. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Vol. IX., pp. 29-129; issued April 18, 1908. This publication will prove of much value to hemipterists. Most of the Membracide, or “‘tree-hoppers,’’ are of uncommon occurrence, and for that reason, probably, the family has not been very much studied. The author gives tables of the sub-families, genera and species, and, at the end, a list of all species known to occur north of the southern boundary of the United States. The following is a list of the names and addresses of collectors heard from during 1908 :— Anderson, E. M., Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C. Baird, Thomas, High River, Alta. Baldwin, J. W., 74 Besserer Street, Ottawa. Bethune, Rev. Prof., O. A. C., Guelph. Boulton, A. R. M., c/o King Brothers, Quebec, Que. Brodie, Dr. W., Provincial Museum, Toronto. Bush, A. H., 1105 Ninth Ave., Vancouver, B.C. Chagnon, Gus., Box 186, Montreal. Cockle, J. W., Kalso, B.C. Criddle, Norman, Treesbank, Man. Dawson, Horace, Hymers, Ont. Day, G. O., Duncans, B.C. Denny, Edward, 200 Mitcheson Street, Montreal. Dent, W. A., Sarnia, Ont. DeWolfe, L. A., Penticton, B.C. Dod, F. H. Wolley- Millarville, Alta. Evans, J. D., Trenton, Ont. Fletcher, James, Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Fyles, Rev. T. W., Levis, Que. Gibson, Arthur, Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Groh, H., Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Hahn, Paul, 433 Indian Road, Toronto. Halkett, A., Fisheries Museum, Ottawa. Hanham, A. W., Duncans, B.C. Harms, J. F., Treesbank, Man. Harrington, W. H., P.O. Department, Ottawa. Harvey, R. V., Victoria, B.C. Heath, E. F., Cartwright, Man. Hudson, A. F., Millarville, Alta. Jarvis, T. D., O. A. C., Guelph. Keele, Jos., Geological Survey, Ottawa. Keen, Rev. J. H., Metlakatla, B.C. Létourneau, Jos. A., Exp. Farm, Ottawa. Lyman, H. H., 74 McTavish Street, Montreal. Marmont, L. E., 2553 Second Ave. West, Vancouver, B.C, McIntosh, W., St. John, N.B. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 1038 Metcalfe, W., 288 Bank Street, Ottawa. Moore, W. H., Scotch Lake, N.B. Moore, G. A., 209 Prince Arthur Street, Montreal. Morris, Frank, Port Hope, Ont. Nelles, Douglas H., Dept. Interior, Ottawa. Perrin, Jos., McNab’s Island, Halifax, N.S. Ross, Ernest, Port Arthur, Ont. Russell, John, Digby, N.S. Sanson, N. B., Banff, Alta. Saunders, Henry, 21 Harbord Street, Toronto. Sherman, R. S., 2285 Sixth Ave., Vancouver, B.C. Simpson, W., Dom’n Observatory, Ottawa. Swaine, J. M., Macdonald College, Que. Taylor, Rev. G. W., Departure Bay, B.C. Tipping. E. Dalton, Bluff Centre, Alta. Venables, EK. P., Vernon, B.C. Walker, Dr. E. M., 99 St. George St., Toronto. Wallis, J. B., Machray School, Winnipeg, Man. Willing, T. N., Regina, Sask. Wilmot, E. S., Vernon, B.C. Wilson, W. J., Geological Survey, Ottawa. Winn, A. F., 132 Springfield Ave., Westmount, Que. Young, C. H., Geological Survey, Ottawa. Zavitz, HZ. J.,.O. A. C., Guelph, Ont. NOTES OF CAPTURES. LEPIDOPTERA. (Arranged according to Dyar’s List of North American Lepidoptera, U.S.N.M. Bull. No. 52). RHOPALOCERA. (Dyar’s number). 20. 23. 92. 104. 134. 168. 189. 190. 223. Papilio indra Reakirt, a. nitra Edw. Bluff Centre, Alta., (Tipping). Lertias philenor L. Grimsby, Ont., larva, Aug. 9, (J. W. Daniel). Euptoieta claudia Cram. Toronto, ‘Humber Road, Old Mill,” July, (Hahn). ‘ Argynnis electa Edw. Hope Mts., B.C., not common, July 17, (Sherman). Brenthis triclaris Hbn. Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, June 6, three speci- mens, (Young, Criddle, Gibson). ; Lemonias taylori Edw. Hope Mts., several taken at summit, 5,800 feet, July 20, (Sherman, Harvey, Day). Phyciodes tharos Dru. Hope Mts., July 21-28, (Sherman, Harvey, Day). A fine specimen of the aberration packardii Saund., was taken at the Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, ky Mr. Young. Phyciodes batesii Reakirt. On railway track, between Cache Bay and Beaver Meadow, Hull, Que., June 13. (Gibson). 4 Junonia coenia Abn. Orillia, four specimens in two days. It looks as if this butterfly had hecome a permanent resident, (Grant). Tor- onto, August, (Miss F. Hahn). 104 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 271. Erebia vidleri Elwes. Hope Mts., July 20, (Day). 376. Incisalia henriciG. & R. A specimen of this butterfly taken at Mon- treal by the late Mr. Caulfield has recently been identified by Mr. Cook, who says it is the furthest northern record. 584. Epargyreus tityrus Fab. Cartwright, Man., one in garden, June 19, second appearance here, (Heath). HETEROCERA. 678. Pholus pandorus Hbn. Ottawa, larva on Virginian Creeper, moth emerged July 8, (Gibson). 747. Tropwa luna L. Winnipeg, Man., June 1, (Wallis). Mr. Wallis also reports that a specimen of this rare moth was taken some years ago at Gall Harbour, (Miss Cowley). 836. Utetheisa bella LL. Hyde Park, Ont., one specimen, end August, (J. F. Weir); Hymers, Ont., Sept. 19, (Dawson). 853. Estigmene prima Slosson. Winnipeg, June 2, two specimens, (Wallis). 861. Phragmatobia assimilans W1k., a. franconia Slosson, Hymers, June 9, (Dawson). 868. Neoarctia beanti Neum. Larva from N. B. Sanson, found on Sulphur Mountain. Moth emerged at Ottawa, June 15, (Gibson). 872. Hyphoraia parthenos Harr. Ottawa, a fine specimen, at light, July 1, (Baldwin). Rare at Ottawa. 874. Apantesis virgo L., a. citrinaria, N. & D., Toronto, (Hahn). 888. Apantesis nevadensis G. & R., b. superba Stretch. Hope Mts., July 20, (Sherman). Penticton, B.C., (Wallis). 889. Apantesis williamsti Dodge, a. determinata, Neum., July 7, (Daw- son), first Ontario record. - 890. Apantesis phyllira Dru. Toronto, (Hahn). 1,000. Apatela quadrata Grt. Hymers, June:22, (Dawson); Orillia, (Grant). Apatela inclara Sm. Billings Bridge, Ottawa, (Fletcher). New — record for district. 1,034. Apatela perdita Grt. Peachland, B.C., July 8, (Wallis). 1,047. Apharetra pyralis Sm. Aweme, Aug. 28, (E. Criddle). 1,075. Baileya doubledayi Gn. Ottawa, July 20, (Baldwin). 1,084. Catabena lineolata W\k. Ottawa, July 20, (Baldwin). First record for the district. 1,088. Platysenta videns Gn. Cartwright, Man., one, July 4, always rare, (Health); Ottawa, June 6, (Gibson). 1,165. .Hadena diversicolor Morr. Sudbury, (Evans). 1,176. Hadena didonea Sm. Trenton, (Evans). 1,216. Hadena contradicta Sm. Hymers, June 22, (Dawson). First record i received for Ontario. 1,229. Hadena alticola Sm. Metlakatla, B.C., (Keen). Hadena multicolor Dyar. Victoria, B.C., May 22, (Harvey). 1,255. Macronoctua onusta Grt. Trenton, four specimens, Sept. 17, 18, 20, 25, (Evans). Larva again found at Ottawa, (Gibson). 1,341. Oncocnemis atrifasciata Morr. Hymers, Aug. 22, (Dawson). Rhynchagrotis sambo Sm. Ainsworth, B.C., Aug. 3, 11, (Rev. G. H. Findlay); Kaslo, July and August, (Cockle); Peachland, July, (Wallis). 1,412. Adelphagrotis stellaris Grt. Victoria, July 26, (Anderson); Dun- © cans, (Hanham). PLATE Q. 1. Schizoneura Americana, Ulmus Americana. 4. 2. Phylloxera sp., Carya alba. 5 3. Schizoneura sp., Populus tremuloides. Schizoneura sp., Alnus incana. . Chermes abietis, Picea exceisa. Phylloxera caryaeyena, Carya ovata. ew he Acraspis erinacei, Quercus alba. Neuroterus floccosus, Quercus alba. Andricus ventricosus, Quercus sp. Aulax nabali, Prenanthes alba. Piare R. }. 6. lis Gilletia taraxaci, Taraxacum officinale. Cecidomyla holotricha, Carya ovata. Strawberry Peticle gall Fragaria virginiana. THE LATE JAMES FLETCHER, LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 105 1,430. 1,431. 1,434. 1,458. 1,544. 1,600. 1,682. 1,697. 1,780. 1,783. 1,789. 1,797. 1,821. 1,825. 1,840. 1,894. 2,024. 2,074. 2,108. 2,214. 2,224. 2,281. 2,280. 2,390. 2,423. Pachnobia monochromatea Morr. Ottawa, July 3, (Young). Pachnobia littoralis Pack. Hymers, June 22, (Dawson). Only Ontario record we have. Pachnobia wockei Moeschl. Labrador, July 19, (Dr. A. P. Low). Setagrotis dolens Sm. High River, Alta., (Baird). Agrotis geniculata G. & R. Meach Lake, Que., near Ottawa, Aug. 31, (Fletcher); Truro, N.S., (DeWolfe); Toronto, (Gibson). Rhizagrotis perolivalis Sm. High River, Aug. 25, (Baird). Feltia gladiaria Morr. Trenton, (Hvans). This is the first Canadian specimen we have seen. Paragrotis perfusca Grt. Sudbury, Ont., (Evans). Paragrotis fuscigera Grt. Olds, Alta., June 21, (Willing). Paragrotis dissona Moesch. Aweme, Aug. 28, (E. Criddle). Paragrotis cocklei Sm. Departure Bay, Aug. 7, (Young). Mamestra determinata Sm. Trenton, at light, Aug. 27, (Evans). Mamestra detracta Wik. Trenton, July 31, (Evans). Mamestra capsularis Gn. Among some noctuids named for Mr. Evans, was a specimen of this moth with the label “E. Ontario, Canada,” on it. This is the first Canadian record we have. Mamestra gussata Sm. Ottawa, April 24, (Young). Mamestra rugosa Morr. Sudbury, (Evans). Mamestra goodellii Grt. Peachland, B.C., July 18, (Wallis); Otta- wa, July 24, (Saunders); Sidbury, (Evans); Mt. St. Hilaire, near Montreal, May 24, (Chagnon). Mamestra sutrina Grt. Laggan, Aug. 4, (Fletcher). Aylomiges dolosa Grt. Hymers, May 10, (Dawson). Graphiphora furfurata Grt. Mt. St. Hilaire, near Montreal, July 2, (Chagnon). The true species (J. B. S.). Pleroma bonuscula Sm. Victoria, (Fletcher). A new locality for the species, (J. B. S.). Xylina bayleyi Grt. Duncans, B.C., April, (Day). Hydrecia micacea Esp. Specimens of this moth have been reared in the Division from larve received from Mahone Bay, N.S., (C. A. Hamilton); Westport, N.S., (Geo. Welch), and Tramore, Ont., (Capel B. St. George). As mentioned in Mr. Gibson’s paper, in this report, the above and specimens of the moth taken at St. John, N.B., by Mr. W. McIntosh, and recorded by him under the name of Hydrecia medialis Sm., are the only American records of this European insect. Tapinostola variana Morr. Trenton, at light, Aug. 6, (Evans); Westbourne, Man., July 28, (Wallis). Amathes duscata Sm. Aweme, Aug. 28, (E. Criddle). Amathes acta Sm. Departure Bay, B.C., Sept. 5, (Young). Orthosia inops Grt. Cartwright. Man., July 30, (Heath); Aweme, Aug. 25, (Fletcher); Aug. 30, (E. Criddle). Orthosia lutosa Andrews, Peachland, B.C., July 6, (Wallis). Orthosia verberata Sm. Bartlett Bay, off Glacier Bay, Alaska, June 10, (Nelles). A new locality for the species. (J.B.S.). Pippona bimatris Harv. Aweme, (Fletcher). Quite a rare species. First Canadian record. Dasyspoudea meadii Grt. High River, Alta., (Baird). Heliaca neaxilis Morr. Several on summit of Hope Mts., B.C., July 20, (Harvey). 8 EN. 2,900 2,991. 3,000 3,002. 3,038. 3,066. 3,087. 3,317. 3,392. THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 Eustrotia includens Wik. Trenton, July 18, (Evans). Galgula hepera Gn. and var. partita Gn. Mt. St. Hilaire, near Mon- treal, Aug. 30, (Chagnon). Mr. Winn has also taken the species at Montreal. Tarache terminimacula Grt. Trenton, (Evans). Meliopotis limbolaris Geyer. Lorne Park, Ont., July 25, (Williams). Catocala concumbens Wik. Metlakatla, B.C., (Keen); Fort Selkirk, Yukon, July, (Miss Seymour). Both of these records are of much interest; the latter is the most northern limit of concumbens known at the present time, (Beut.). Catocala coccinata Grt. Westbourne, Man., Aug. 10, (Wallis). Catocala subnata Grt. Billings Bridge, Ottawa, (Fletcher). First record for the district. Catocala preclara G. & R., Digby, N.S., Sept. 17, (Russell). Homoptera norda Sm. Chelsea, Que., near Ottawa, May 30, (Gib- son); Ottawa, May 16, 18, (Young); Kaslo, (Cockle); Cartwright, (Heath). Homoptera minerea Grt. Britannia, near Ottawa, June 20, (Bald- win). In the Entomological Record for 1906, this species is recorded from White River, Hudson Bay Slope, June 2, (Wilson). On further examination Dr. Smith could not confirm this identifi- cation, as the specimen was much rubbed and crushed. Homopiera calycanthata 8. & A. In the Entomological Record for 1904, this species is recorded from Kaslo. According to Dr. Smith’s Revision of the Genus Homoptera, just published, this record should now refer to his new species norda. Homoptera unilineata Grt. Winnipeg, June 2, (Wallis). Only Can- adian record which we have. Homoptera duplicata Bethune. As mentioned in the Ottawa Natur- alist, Oct. 1908, the record of this moth having been taken at Wel- lington, B.C., (Taylor), should now refer to largera Sm. Dupli- cata has been taken at Digby, N. S., (Russell), and Truro, N.S., (DeWolfe). Homoptera helata Sm. Britannia, near Ottawa, June 20, (Bald- win). Philometra hanhami Sm. Trenton, Aug. 2, (Evans). An unex- pected locality; all the specimens heretofore seen are from Winni- peg, (J.B.S.). Bomolocha bijugalis Wik. Cartwright, July 4; s6cnndba previously from Winnipeg by Hanham, first I have taken, (Heath). Gnophela latipennis Bdv. Similkameen, B.C., July 22 and 24, (Sherman and Harvey). Eupithecia nevadata Pack. Duncans, April, (Day). Eupithecia quebecata Taylor MS. Digby, N.S., Sept. 19, (Russells : Rostrevor, Ont., Sept. 16, (Gibson). First Gatarin record. Eucymatoge togata Hbn. Digby, July 22, (Russell). Mr. Taylor says: “This is a specimen of the European /. togata, which I have placed on the American list. I have taken the species at Welling- ton, B.C. This Nova Scotian specimen is more typical than mine.’’ Hydriomena speciosata Pack. Departure Bay, B.C., Aug. 10, (Young). Hydriomena manzanita Taylor. Goldstream, B.C., April 19, 1,000 feet, (Harvey). Xanthorhe fossaria Taylor. Victoria, May and June, (Harvey). 1908 3,708. 3,747. 3,799. 3,802. 3,878. 3,922. 4.040. 4,216. 4,221. 4,496. 4.569. 4,571. 4,608. 5,239. 6,257. 6,301. 6,305. 6,310. 6,608. 6,610. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 107 Cymatophora wauaria L. Mt. St. Hilaire, Que., June 30, (Chagnon). Sympherta tripunctaria Pack. Departure Bay, Aug. 25, (Young). Alcis latifasciaria Pack. Departure Bay, Aug. 22-28, (Young). Alcis latipennis Hulst. Departure Bay, Aug. 3, (Young). Jubarella danbyi Hulst. Duncans, April, (Day). Ennomos subsignarius Hbn. As mentioned in the Ottawa Naturalist, Sept., 1908, enormous numbers of these moths visited Ottawa on July 23. Thousands appeared in all parts of the city. Leucobrephos brephoides W\k. Hymers, April 9, (Dawson). This is the first record we have for Ontario. Sesia pictipes G. & R. Levis, Que., (Fyles). Sesia acerni Clem. Ottawa, July 8, at light, (Fletcher). Nymphula obliteralis Wlk. Larve found at Ottawa feeding on Lemna trisula, (Fletcher). Crambus bidens Zeller. Aweme, Aug. 9, (Criddle); Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, July, (Young). Crambus trichusalis Hulst. High River, (Baird); Regina, (Willing) ; Redvers, Sask., (A. J. Crocker). Crambus zeellus Fern. Ottawa, July 15, (Gibson). Crambus cockleellus Kearf. Kaslo, Aug. 10, 11, (Cockle). Crambus dorsipunctellus Kearf. Rounthwaite, Man., July, (Mar- mont). Crambus youngellus Kearf. Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, July 2-10, (Young). Thaumatopsis gibsonella Kearf. Rostrevor, Ont., Sept. 2-16, (Gib- son). Eucosma annetteana Kearf. Cartwright, May 23, (Heath). Eucosma medioviridana Kearf. Ottawa, Aug. 17-21, (Young). Ancylis mediofasciana Clem. Cartwright, May 23, (Heath). Enarmonia multilineana Kearf. Aweme, June 26, 29, (Criddle). Gelechia terminimaculella Kearf. Aweme, June 13-16, (Criddle); Rounthwaite, June 15, (Marmont). Gelechia alternatella Kearf. Aweme, May 12-25, (Criddle). Coleophora elewagnisella Kearf. Ottawa. Larve abundant on Ele- agnus argentea, moths emerged July, (Fletcher and Gibson). LInthocolletis lucidicostella Clem. Ottawa, June 11, (Young). Lithocolletis basistrigella Clem. Ottawa, bred from oak, March 11, (Young). Iithocolletis aceriella Clem. Ottawa, June 16, (Young). Lithocolletis tilieacella Chamb. Ottawa, July 17, (Young). Iithocolletis fletcherella, Braun. Ottawa, bred from Oak, (Fletcher and Gibson). Argyresthia laricella Kearf. Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, reared from terminal twigs of Larix americana, moths issued Ottawa, June 12- 23, (Fletcher and Gibson). Hepialus hyperboreus Moesch. Hymers, Ont., Aug. 23, (Dawson). Hepialus gracilis Grt. Levis, (Fyles). CoLEoPTERA. (Arranged according to Henshaw’s List of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico). 18c. Cicindela montana Lec. Lethbridge. Alta., (Harms). 25a. Cicindela audubonii Lec. Lethbridge, April, (Harms). 108 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 25d. 28. ae: 30c. 34. 30. 119c. 1486. 208. 990. 1,081. 1,102. 1,404. 1,465. 1,467. 1,482. 1,483. 1,485. 1,486. 1,499. 1,585. 1,629. 2,627. 3,074. 3,076. 3,402. 4,001. 4,011. 4,029. 4,068. 4,105. 4.440. 4,450. Cicindela 10-notata Say. Lethbridge, April, (Harms). Cicindela fulgida Say. Westbourne, Man., Aug. 14, (Wallis). New to Manitoba. Cicindela vulgaris Say. Lethbridge, (Harms). Cicindela 12-guttata De}. Lethbridge, (Harms). Cicindela pusilla Say. Westbourne, Aug. 14, seven specimens, show- ing great range of maculation from almost immaculate to very bright and evenly marked, (Wallis). Cicindela hirticollis Say. Lachute, Que., Aug. 8, (Criddle and Flet- cher). Carabus oregonensis Lec. Westbourne, Aug. 19, (Wallis). Calosoma zimmermanni Lec. Lethbridge, (Harms). Promecognathus levissimus Dej. Goldstream, B.C., 1,110 feet, July 4, (Harvey). Amara thoracica Hayward. Mr. Evans has sent in the following ee 1 specimen collected by John Macoun in the N. W. T., in Zacotus matthewsti Lec. Victoria, B.C., Feb. 20, (Harvey). Harpalus amputatus Say. Vernon, Aug. 18, (Harvey). New to British Columbia. Harpalus innocuus Lec. Vancouver, May 1, (Harvey). Matus bicarinatus Say. St. Lambert, Que., Aug., (Chagnon). Rhantus notatus Fab. Winnipeg, Sept. 11, (Wallis). Rhantus tostus Lec. Winnipeg, July 24, Aug. 8, (Wallis). Dytiscus hybridus Aubé. Winnipeg, May 24, (Wallis). Dytiscus verticalis Say. Mahone Bay, N.S., May 20, (Miss Blanche Colp). Record sent by Dr. C. A. Hamilton, of Mahone Bay. Dytiscus sublimbatus Lec. Winnipeg, May 8, (Wallis). Dytiscus marginalis L. Winnipeg, May 8, (Wallis). Graphoderes cinereus L. Winnipeg, July 4, (Wallis). Hydrophilus ovatus, G. & H. Ottawa, at light, May 12, (Fletcher). Philhydrus bifidus Lec. Winnipeg, Aug. 20, (Wallis). Tachinus crotchii Horn. Vancouver, March 23, (Harvey). Mysia hornii Cr. Vernon, (Venables). Anatis rathvoni Lec. Victoria, April 11, (Harvey). Triphyllus humeralis Kirby. Found in large numbers, near Mon- treal, in fungus, early May. Mr. Fall tells me that this belongs to the Malandryide and should be transferred to that family, (Chagnon). Exoma pleuralis Casey. Metlakatla, B.C., (Keen). Helodes apicalis Lec. Vancouver, April 14, (Harvey). Cyphon brevicollis Lec. Wellington, April 17, (Harvey). Stethon pectorosus Lec. Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que., several found by Mr. Swain and me, in July, under bark of fallen tree, (Chag- non). Sarpedon scabrosus Bony. Vancouver, (Harvey). New record for British Columbia. Two specimens of this rare beetle were taken many years ago at Ottawa, (Harrington and Fletcher). Cardiophorus fenestratus Lec. Vancouver, April 28; Victoria, July 8, (Harvey). Corymbites protractus Lec. Vancouver, April 28, (Harvey). New to British Columbia. Corymbites tarsalus Melsh. Vancouver, April 27, (Harvey). New record. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 109 1908 4,506. Asaphes oregonus Lec. Goldstream, July 4, (Harvey). 4,568. Chalcophora angulicollis Lec. Near Princetown, B.C., July 23, (Harvey). 5,467. Aegiolia cylindrica Esch. Vancouver, April 14, (Harvey). 5,028. Aphodius granarius L. Vancouver, May 9, (Harvey). New record. 5,923. Cremastochilus pilosicollis Horn. Vernon, in ants’ nests in early spring, (Venables). 6,174. Calloides nobilis Say. Wakefield, Que., on oak, July 7, (Gibson). 6,223. Desmocerus cribripennis Horn. Hope Mts., B.C., July 17, (Sher- man). 6,246. Tozrotus obtusus Lec. Vernon, (Venables). 6,323. Leptura instabilis Hald. Vernon, on lupin, June, (Venables). 6,323a. Leptura convera Lec. Vernon, on-lupin, June, (Venables). 6,340. Leptura quadrillum Lec. Grouse Mt., Vancouver, B.C., July 9, (Sherman). 6,556. Zeugophora consanguinea Cr. Vernon, (Venables). Acanthocinus wdilis S. A specimen of this fine European beetle was found at Ottawa among some packing in a box of chinaware received from Germany, (R. B. Whyte). 6,560. Syneta simpler Lec. Vancouver, Aug. 2, (Harvey). New record for British Columbia. 6,968. Haltica evicta Lec. Nicolum R., B.C., July 13, (Harvey). 6,988. Epitriz subcrinita Lec. Vernon, (Venables). 7,396. Celocnemis dilaticollis Mann. Penticton, B.C., (Mrs. Fowler). Record sent by Mr. Wallis. 7,721. Rhinosimus eneirostris Mann. Vancouver, April 14, (Harvey). 7,724. Calopus angustus Lec. Duncans, in a spider’s web, March 15, (Hanham), 8,158. Cantharis sphericollis Say. Princetown, B.C., July 22, (Harvey). 8,438. Lepyrus geminatus Say. Hope Mts., July 21, (Harvey). 8,543. Erycus puncticollis Lec. Under rotten logs on shore of Long Lake, March 31; on leaves of wild raspberry, same place, May 24, (Ven- ables). 9,942. Hister wumbrosus Casey. Vernon, under carrion, (Venables). 9,944. Hister electus Casey. Wellington, July 2, (Harvey). New record. 11,073. Cryptorhynchus lapathi LL. Durndurn, Sask., in Carolina poplar. end May, (Dr. W. A. Wilson). DIPTERA. (Arranged according to a Catalogue of North American Diptera, by J. M. Aldrich, Smithsonian Mise. Coll. XLVI., No. 1,144. The numbers refer to the pages of the catalogue.) 92. 131. Eriocera longicornis Walk. Mamamattawa River, Hudson Bay Slope, June 21; Little Current River, Hudson Bay Slope, July 8; Nagagami River, Hudson Bay Slope, June 20, (Wilson). Anopheles occidentalis D. & K. Negagami R. 7th portage, June 7, (W. J. Wilson). Aedes sylvestris Theob. Ottawa, June 20, 1901; June 18, 19, 1906, (Fletcher). Aedes riparius, D. & K. Winnipeg, (F. Knab); Ottawa, June 11, (Fletcher). Aedes campestris D. & K. Regina, June 14, 15; Carnduff, May 28; Qu’Appelle, June 9, (Willing). THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 361. Culex restuans Theob. Ottawa, Aug., Sept., (Fletcher). Teniorhynchus perturbans Wilk. Ottawa, June 20, July 1, (Flet- cher). | Dilophus breviceps Loew. Mamamattawa River, June 21, (Wil- son). Simulium bracteatum Coq. Vancouver, April 24, (Harvey). Chrysops discalis Will. Maple Creek, Sask., June 12, (Willing). Chrysops lupus Whitney. Youghall, N.B., July 27, (Fletcher).This is of interest as it had not been taken so far east before, (J. S. H.). Tabanus carolinensis Macq. Ottawa, May 20, (Fletcher). Tabanus epistates O.S. Meach Lake, Que., near Ottawa, June 18, (Fletcher). Tabanus illotus O.S. Megiskon River, Ont., July, (Wilson). Tabanus insuetus O.S. Prince Albert, Sask., July 27, (Fletcher). Tabanus osburni Hine. Banff, Aug. 2, (Fletcher). Tabanus punctifer O.S. Vernon, July 11, (Venables). ees septentrionalis Loew. St. Albert, Alta., July 20, (Flet- cher). Atherix variegata Walk. Mamamattawa River, June 21, (Wil- son), Cophura albosetosa Hine. Hope Mts., B.C., July 19; Similkameen, July 20, (Harvey and Sherman). Anthrax harveyi Hine. Hope Mts., July 20-23, (Sherman and Harvey). Bombylius lancifer O.S. Bowen Island, Vancouver, B.C., May 24, reported by R. V. Harvey. First record for Canada, (J.S.H.). Bombylius metopium O.S. Hope Mts., July, (Harvey). First record for Canada, (J.S.H.). Machimus avidus Van der Wulp. Victoria, July 22, (Harvey). First record for Canada, (J.S.H.). Asilus angustifrons Will. Goldstream, Vancouver Island, Aug, 20, (Harvey). First record for Canada, (J.S.H.). Chrysotorum derivatum Walk. Hope Mts., July 20, (Sherman). Chrysotorum ypsilon Will. Banff, Alta., one specimen, (Sanson). I recently recorded the first record for Canada from a specimen taken at Kaslo, B.C., in 1903, by Dr. Dyar. This Banff record is the first east of the Great Divide, and bears testimony to what I have written once or twice, that the various species of insects find dis- tribution over the Divide much easier in Canada than in the Rockies further South. (R.C.O.). Melanostoma kelloggi Snow. Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, June 19, (Fletcher). Xanthogramma tenuis Osburn. Ottawa, Sept., (Fletcher). This is an exceptionally good find, (R.C.O.). The species was described in Can. Ent., Jan., ’08, from a specimen taken in the Hope Mts., by Mr. R. V. Harvey. Syrphus pauzillus Will. Gabriola Island, B.C., June 6, (B. R. Elliott). Syrphus insolitus Osburn. Victoria, one pair, April 18, (Harvey). Eristalis compactus Walk Banff, one specimen, (Sanson). Only one previous record for Canada, at Martin Falls, the type, (R.C.O.). Eristalis occidentalis Will. Regina, June 18, (Willing). Much farther east than ever before recorded. I have specimens from Banff, the farthest eastern record previously, (R.C.O.). 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 111 389. Eristalis transversus Weid. Little Current River, July 16, (Wil- ~ son). 400. Chrysochlamys cresus O.S. Victoria, B.C., July 1, one specimen, (Hanham); Goldstream, B.C., July 4, (Harvey). I recently pub- lished the first record for Canada based on a specimen taken by Harvey at Victoria, 8, VI., 06, (R.C.O.). : Specomyia occidentalis Osburn. Gabriola Island, June 6, (B. R. Elliott). 572. Helomyza limbata Thom. Grouse Mt., July 9, (Sherman). First record for Canada, (J.S.H.). HYMENOPTERA. In last year’s Record mention was made of some Bombi which had been determined by Mr. H. J. Franklin. During the past year further collec- tions of these insects have been examined by Mr. Franklin, and from a com- plete list of the species named by him, the following are thought worthy of mentioning here. Unfortunately, little work seems to have been done in the important order of hymenoptera in Canada during the year, consequently very few other records have been received. Bombus praticolus Kirby. St. Albert, Alta., (Fletcher); Metlakatla, B.C., (Keen). Bombus miztus Cress. Metalakatla, (Keen); Mt. Cheam, B.C., (Fletcher) ; Banff, Alta., (Sanson). Bombus appositus Cress. Kelowna, B.C., (Fletcher). Bombus edwardsii Cress. Mt. Arrowsmith, B.C., Duncans, B.C., (Fletcher) ; Banff, (Sanson). Bombus kirbyellus Curtis. Bartlett Bay, Alaska, at sea level, (Nelles). One of the rarer species (H.J.F.). Bombus borealis Kirby. Beaver Lake, Alta., (Halkett). Not a very com- mon species, (H.J.F.). Bombus sitkensis Nylander. Mt. Cheam, (Fletcher); Skagway District of Northern British Columbia, (G. White-Fraser). Bombus californicus Smith. Olds, Alta., (Willing); Duncans, (Fletcher). Not very common in western Canada; not present in eastern Can- ada, (H.J.F.). Bombus nigroscutatus Franklin MS. Skagway District of Northern British Columbia, (G. White-Fraser). Apparently rare in Western Can- ada; not present in eastern Canada, (H.J.F.). Bombus terrestris, var. moderatus Cress. Banff. (Sanson). Rare in Western Canada; not present in the east, (H.J.F.). Bombus couperi Cress. Nepigon, (Fletcher); Anticosti, (Dr. Jos. Schmitt). One of the rarer species, (H.J.F.). Bombus rufocinctus Cress. Ottawa, Sept. 20, (Fletcher); Radisson, Sask., (Fletcher). This species is rare in eastern Canada, and extremely variable in colouration, (H.J.F.). Bombus vagans Smith. Rostrevor, Muskoka, Ont., Sept., (Gibson); Regina, Sask., Banff, (Fletcher); Westbourne, Man., Aug. 26, (Wallis). Bombus virginicus Oliv. Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, June 6, (Gibson). Psithyrus consultus, Franklin, MS. Nelson, B.C., Mt. Cheam, Regina, 5 (Fletcher). : Psithyrus suckleyi, Greene, Duncans, Banff; Mt. Arrowsmith, (Fletcher). Prosopis basalis, Smith. Winnipeg, June 10, (Wallis). 112 THE REPORY OF THE No. 19 Pompilus terminatus, Say. Penticton, B. C., Aug., (Miss B. Farmer). Tchneumon feralis, Cress. Winnipeg, Aug. 23, (Wallis). Tchneumon caliginosus, Cress. Westbourne, Man., Aug, 24, (Wallis). Tchneumon acerbus, Cress. Treesbank, Man., April 17, (Wallis). Rhyssa persuasoria, L. Hymers, Ont., Sept. 6, (Dawson). Ephialtes gigas, Walsh. Hull, Que., June 13, (Gibson). Thyreodon morio, Fab. Stonewall, Man., July, (Wallis). Macrophya oregona, Cress. Hope Mts., July 17, (Harvey). Tenthredo melanosoma, Hartg. Hope Mts., July 17, (Harvey). HEMIPTERA. Several collectors have, during the year, given special attention to the hemiptera. Most of the species mentioned below were identified by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee. The Ottawa species, probably none of which are very rare, are included as they are the only records we have for the district. Telamona reclivata, Fitch. Ottawa, July 14, (Metcalfe); Sept. 2, on basswood, (Groh). Telamona ampelopsides, Harr. Ottawa, July 14, (Gibson). Cyrtolobus vau, Say. Ottawa, June 29, on red oak, (Fletcher). Cyrtolobus griseus Van D. Ottawa, on oak, Aug. 25, (Metcalfe). Scolops sulcipes, Say. Ottawa, Sept. 5, on Goldenrod, (Groh). . Iiburnia -foveata, Van D. Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, June-Sept., (Met- calfe). Aphrophora signoretii, Fitch. Regina. Sask., Aug. 8, (Fletcher). Bythoscopus pruni, Prov. Ottawa, June 21, (Gibson). Gypona flavilineata, Fitch. Ottawa, Sept. 7, (Gibson). Gypona scarlatina, Fitch. Wakefield, Que., July 7, (Gibson). Gypona albosignata, Uhl. Trenton, Ont., Sept. 1, (Evans). Deltocephalus abdominalis, Fab. Near 60 Mile River, along 141 Merid- ian, Yukon Territory, (P. Reilly). Phlepsius irroratus, Say. Ottawa, Oct. 8, (Fletcher). Athysanus extrusus, Van D. N.W.T., 1881, (John Macoun); record sent by J. D. Evans. Dorycephalus platyrhynchus, Osborn. Aweme, Man., July 13, (Fletcher). Typhlocyba bifasciata, G. & B., Ottawa, June 22, (Gibson). Cicadula 6-notata, Fall. Ottawa, on aster, Aug. 31, (Fletcher). Thyreocoris unicolor, P. B. Aylmer, Que., in pappus of Sonchus arvensis, Aug. 29, (Groh). Eurygaster carinatus, Van D. Vernon, B. C., June 6, (Venables). Carpocoris remotus, Harvath. Vernon, Aug. 12, (Venables). Brochymena affinis, Van D. Peachland, B. C., June 27, (Wallis). Leptoglossus occidentalis, Heidemann MS. Vernon, B.C., Sept. 27, (Venables). Nysius scolopax, Say. Vernon, (Venables). Geocoris decoratus, var. solutus Mantodon. Ottawa, June 4, (Fletcher). : Geocoris limbatus, Stal. Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, uncommon, (Met- calfe). Geocoris uliginosus, var. limbatus, Stal. Vernon, Sept. 4, (Venables). Lygus monachus, Uhl. Ottawa, on basswood, July 1, (Metcalfe). Lygus tenellus, Uhl. MS. Ottawa, on basswood, June 25, (Gibson). Lygus invitus, Say. Ottawa, on basswood, June, (Metcalfe). Calocoris bipunctatus, Fab. Annapolis Royal, N.S., (V. A. Eaton). 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 113 Neoborus pettiti, Uhl. MS., Ottawa, on white ash, Aug., (Metcalfe). Neoborus saxeus, Dist. Ottawa, on white ash, Aug., (Metcalfe). Plagiognathus obscurus, Uhler, Aylmer, Que., near Ottawa, Aug. 29, (Groh). Triphleps tristicolor, White. Ottawa, Dec. 6, (Fletcher). Gerris sulcatus, Uhl. Beaver Meadow, Hull, Que., May; Toronto, April, (Metcalfe). rf rufoscutellatus, Latr. Ottawa, May; Toronto, April 1, (Met- calfe). Acanthia ligata, Say. Little Current River, Hudson Bay Slope, July 11, (Wilson). Corythuca marmorata, Uhl. Ottawa, rare, June, (Metcalfe). Microvelia americana, Uhl. Beaver Meadow, Hull, May, (Metcalfe). Acanthia humilis, Say. Ottawa, (Metcalfe). Acanthia confluens, Say. Ottawa, (Metcalfe). Acanthia reperta, Uhl. Ottawa, (Metcalfe). Acanthia signoretii, Guer. Ottawa, (Metcalfe). Ranatra quadridentata, Stal. Pickerel point on Ottawa River, near Ottawa, July, (Metcalfe). Ranatra kirkadyi, Bueno. Ottawa, (Metcalfe). - ii martini, Kirby. Ottawa River, Pickerel Point, July, (Met- ealfe). ORTHOPTERA. During the year some good work has been done in this important order. Dr. E. M. Walker writes: ‘‘I have examined some 800 specimens from the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia, collected chiefly by Messrs. sees Willing and N. Criddle, Prof. W. J. Alexander and the late Dr. Fletcher. These will form the basis of a paper which I have about completed. Besides this material I have yet to report on collections made at Go Home, Georgian Bay, the Temagami region, Fort William and Nepigon, Ont.”’ The following records have been sent in by Dr. Walker as worthy of being included here :— Nomotettix cristatus (Scudd.). Go Home, Georgian Bay, June-July, 1907, (Walker). Tettix acadicus, Scudd. Temagami, Sept, 1908; Fort William, Aug. 1907, 1 female (Walker); Aweme, Man., May-June, 4 males, 5 females (Criddle). Tettic brunneri, Bol., Temagami, Sept., 1908, 1 male, long-winged, (Walker). Platybothrus brunneus, (Thom.). Regina, Sask., June 5, 1908, 1 male, (Willing). Encoptolophus parvus, Scudd. Aweme, Sept. 6, 1907, 1 male, (Criddle); Walsh, Sask., Aug. 23, 1901, 4 males, 12 females; Regina, Sept. 19, 1903, 1 female, (Willing). Hippiscus neglectus, (Thom.). Aweme, July 14, 1904, 2 females, (Criddle). Cirdotettic undulatus, (Thom.). Cowley, Sask., July 29, 1901, 1 female; Medicine Hat, Oct. 1, 1903, 1 female, (Willing). Circotettia carlinianus, (Thom.). Maple Creek, Sask., Aug. 2, 1902, i female, (Willing). Melanoplus angustipennis, (Dodge.). Aweme, Aug. 18, 1906, 1 male, (Criddle). 114 THE REPORT OF THE ; No. 19 Melanoplus angustipennts coccineipes, Scudd. Aweme, July, Aug., Oct., 1904-07, 4 males, 1 female, (Criddle). Melanoplus foedus, Scudd. Swift Current, Sask., Aug. 5, 1901, (Will- ing). Phoetaliotes nebrascensis, (Thom.). Walsh, Sask., Aug. 23, 1901, 1 short-winged female, teneral, (Willing). Oecanthus quadripunctatus, Beut. Aweme, Aug-Sept., 1904, 2 males, 2 females, (Criddle). OpONATA. Some interesting collections of these insects have been made in 1908, and much materia] collected in previous years, has been gone over and carefully identified. Dr. E. M. Walker has been most helpful in naming material, and we are all very grateful to him for his continued kindnesses. Dr. Walker says: “In the Odonata, about 400 specimens from the Prairie Provinces have been examined. These were taken by Messrs. Willing, Criddle, Alexander, Fletcher, and Wallis. A list of-these will give a fair idea of the Odonata fauna of this region, which is at present a terra 2cog- nita in this order. A considerable number of species was also collected by Mr. A. G. Huntsman, of the Biological Department, University of Toronto, at the new marine Biological Station on Vancouver Island, B.C. A good deal of material from the East has also keen gone over. It comprises collec- tions from the vicinity of Sault Ste. Marie, belonging to Mr. E. B. William- son, of Bluffton, Ind., from Georgian Bay, Fort William, Nepigon and Temagami, made by the writer, and from Youghall, New Brunswick, by Mr. Arthur Gibson.”’ Dr. Walker has provided the following records :— Lestes congener, Hagen. Aweme, Man., Aug. 29, 1907, 1 male, (Criddle); Westbourne, Man., July-Aug., 5 males, 6 females, (Wallis). Nehalennia irene, Hagen. Westbourne, Man., July 27-29, 1908, 1 male, 2 females; Winnipeg, July 7, 1908, 1 male, 1 female, (Wallis). Agrion lunulatum, Evans. Aweme, July 4, 1905, 1 male, (Criddle); Winnipeg, July 6, 1908, 1 male, (Wallis); Carnduff, June 18, 1905, 1 male; Regina, 2 males, 1 female, (Willing). This is the first time this Old World species has been reported from North America. I had thought it a new species, but Mr. K. J. Morton, of Edinburgh, Scotland, who has specimens from Redvers, Sask., pointed out to me its true relationship. The Canadian specimens differ slightly from European ones with which they have been com- pared and may be distinct, but more material will be necessary to determine the point (E. M. W.). Agrion resolutum, Hagen. Youghall, N.B., July 20, 1908, 1 male, (Gibson); Little Carp River, Alezoma, Ont., June 29, July 6, 1907, 5 males, 2 females, (Donaldson); Winnipeg, Man., July 7, 1908, 1 male, (Wallis). Enallagma civile, Hagen. Winnipeg, July 9, 24, 1 male, 1 female, (Wallis). Aeshna sitchensis, Hagen. Westbourne, Aug. 19, 1 male, (Wallis). Aeshna constricta, Say. Westbourne, July 29, Aug. 26, 1 male, 3 females. This is the extreme northwestern l'mit of this species’ range, so far as known, (E. M. W.). Somatochlora forcipata, Scudd. Silver Creek Falls, Algoma, July 9, 1907, 1 male, (Donaldson). ; Cordulia shurtlefi, Seudd. Silver Creek Falls, July 9, 1907, 1 male, (Donaldson); Youghall, N.B., July 18, 1 male, (Gibson). 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 115 Leucorhinia borealis, Hagen. Aweme, July 15, 1907, 1 female, some- what teneral, (Criddle). This species is but little known and is represented in very few collections. The determination was verified by Dr. Calvert, (E. M. W.). NEvUROPTEROID TNsEcTS. (Excepr Oponata.) During the year some small collections of neuropteroid insects have been submitted to specialists. The names of some of the species have been received; others have not yet been reported upon. The species mentioned as having been collected by Mr. W. J. Wilson, of the Geological Survey, Ottawa, were taken in the Hudson Bay Slope, and, through the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard, have been recently identified by Dr. Nathan Banks, who also examined Mr. Wallis’ specimens. The numbers below refer to the pages in Dr. Banks’ catalogue published in 1907 bythe American Entomo- logical Society. ARCHIPTERA. 10. Pteronarcys regalis Newm. Winnipeg, June 1, (Wallis). 11. Zsogenus frontalis, Newm. Kabina Kagami River, Aug. 1, (Wil- son). 13. Zsoperla bilineata, Say. Little Current River, July 16, (Wilson). 13. Isoperla ebria Hag. Treesbank, Man., June, (E. Ellis). 14. Nemoura perfecta, Walk. Little Current River, July 20, (Wilson). 15. Capnia vernalis, Newp. Mamamattawa River, June 21, (Wilson). NEUROPTERA. 21. Chauliodes californicus, Walk. Kaslo, B.C., July 27, (Cockle). 22. Sialis infumata, Newm. Little Current River, July 16, (Wilson); Norman, Ont., July 19, (Wallis). 33. Panorpa rufescens Ramb. Winnipeg, July 1, (Wallis). o Boreus californicus, Pack. Kaslo, on snow, (Cockle), Banff, (San- son). TRICOPTERA. 35. Phryganea improba, Walk. Westbourne, Man., Aug. 5, (Wallis). : < Glyphotelius hostilus, Hag. Kabina Kagami River, Aug. 1, (Wil- son). ; 36. Limnephilus indivisus, Walk. Westbourne, Aug. 17, (Wallis). 36. Limnephilus extractus, Walk. Westbourne, Aug. 20, (Wallis). Limnephilus moestus, Banks. Westbourne, Aug. 20, (Wallis). 37. Lamnephilus ornatus, Banks. Winnipeg, June 19, (Wallis). 37. Anabolia bimaculata, Walk. Westbourne, Aug. 1, (Wallis). 37. Colpotaulius medialis, Banks. Westbourne, Aug. 20, (Wallis). 37. Colpotaulius perpusillus, Walk. Westbourne, Aug. 20, (Wallis). ‘ae Pyenopsyche similis, Banks. Kabina Kagami R., Aug. 11, (Wil- son). 42 Brachycentrus fuliginosus, Walk. Nagagami R., Station 52, June 23, (Wilson). 45. Leptocerus resurgens Walk. Westbourne, Aug. 1, (Wallis). 46. @cetina avara Banks. Westbourne, July 28, (Wallis). 47 Hydropsyche cockerelli, Banks. Nagagami R., June 6, (Wilson). 116 THE REPORT JOP IRE No. 19 ARANEIDA. Among some insects brought back from the Hudson Bay Slope in 1903 bv Mr. W. J. Wilson, of the Geological Survey, Ottawa, was a small collec- tion of spiders. These have recently been kindly named by Dr. Banks, through Dr. Howard. Owing to the northern locality at which the spect- mens were collected the list is given in full. Epeira silvatica, Em. Kabina Kagami River, Aug. 11. Epeira patagiata, Clerck. Mamamattawa River, June 21. Gnaphosa conspersa, Th. Nagagami River, June 15. Amaurobius bennetti, Blk. Nagagami R., June 6. Tetragnatha eatensa, L. Little Current River, July 16. Lycosa pratensis, Emer. Kabina Kagami River, Aug. 11. Lycosa kochi, Keys. Kenogami River, July 2. Agreca pratensis, Emer. Kabina Kagami River, Aug. 9. Agalena nevia, Htz. Little Current River, July 17. INSECTS OF THE YEAR 1908 AT OTTAWA. By Artuur Gipson, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL Farm, OTTAWA. The season of 1908, at Ottawa, has been a remarkable one, owing to the long continued drought. The months of June, July, August and Sep- tember were particularly dry, the rain fall from the end of May till the heginning of October being only 6.80 inches. Vegetation consequently suffered very severely, but insects were more plentiful than usual and some serious outbreaks occurred. Early in the season Cankerworm larve were abundant, their attacks being specially noticed on basswood, beech and birch. These insects seem to be on the increase again. The injury ceased about the 15th June, after which date very few caterpillars were noticed. The American Tent Caterpillar, Malacosma americana, Fab., is also on the increase. On May 16th the work of the young caterpillars was very conspicuous on many trees near the city. On May 30th a large number of the nests were noticed at Chelsea, Que., about 7 miles from Ottawa. At that date some small wild cherry trees were almost stripped of their foliage. On the same date at Chelsea, I found a nest of caterpillars of Archzps — fervidana on red oak. The nest was rather conspicuous, being several leaves drawn together somewhat in the shape of a ball. The caterpillars were all inside. This insect is better known in the United States where it has been recorded as destructive to several kinds of oak. In the Ottawa district it has never appeared commonly. When mature the caterpillar is nearly an inch long, of a yellowish-green colour, with the head and thoracic shield black. Moths from the above larve emerged on July 20th. The Turnip Flea Beetle, Phyllotreta vittata, Fab. This small, very active, shining, black beetle was very troublesome in many gardens. The beetles did much harm to young turnips and were also very destructive to the first sowing of radishes. Where Paris green and land plaster, or Paris green and flour, were dusted on the plants, one pound of the former to 20 of the latter, the injury was soon stopped. Root Maggots were more abundant than in 1907. The flies of the Radish Maggot were noticed flying around the young plants on May 16th. About the middle of June many plants examined were seen to be infested. Unfortunately there is nothing new in the way of a remedy, that we know of, for these very destructive insects. For radishes preparations con- 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ays taining carbolic acid, applied once a week after the plants appear above ground, until they are ready for the table, have given about the best results. The Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor, Say., was present, in the district, in destructive numbers in spring wheat. Plants were noticed to be infested about the end of May, and in some places the attack was quite serious. On the Central Experimental Farm, in fields where the soil was poor and where the unfavourable weather conditions had weakened the plants, probably as many as 50% were infested by the Hessian Fly. In other fields where the soil was better, the plants were stronger and better able to withstand the unfavour- able conditions of the season, and in these fields the loss from Hessian Fly would amount to about 5%. From collected material, both sexes of the flies emerged in the Division on June 20th, 22nd and 23rd. For some years we have noticed at Ottawa, that the young leaves of spinach were fastened together at the tips of the shoots by a small lepidop- terous larva. This year we made some observations on the insect and were successful in rearing the moths, specimens emerging on July 18th. It ‘s one of the micros and we hope soon to have its determination. During the present year the insect was particularly abundant, and in my own garden, and one or two others which I visited, it practically rendered every plant unfit for use. . Sparganothis flavibasana, Fern. This interesting and rare tortrix was again destructive to the Caprifolium group of Loniceras in the Arboretum and Botanic Garden of the Central Experimental Farm. The larve were quite numerous on some of the bushes. In 1907, however, they were ‘n much greater numbers and did very noticeable damage. The caterpillar draws together the upper pair of leaves, fastening the same along the edges, so that the newly formed berries and itself are within this tent-like structure. Their presence on a bush is thus easily detected. The injury is done chiefly to the cluster of young berries, or immature fruit, which is eaten, and among which the caterpillar makes a web of whitish silk. In 1907, the larve were plentiful on June 19th, and many specimens were collected by Mr. Kearfott and me, from which moths were reared on July 2nd to July 6th. This year larve were collected on June 6th, from which we got moths on June 27, 29, 30 and July 9. Pupz were also found where the larve had been feeding. When mature the caterpillar is 15 mm. long when at rest, 17 mm. long when extended. It is cylindrical in shape, bright apple green in colour, and the segments are wrinkled. Dorsal! vessel distinct. No mark- ings on the skin. The head is black and shining. The thoracic shield is black, margined in front with white. Tubercles on body are inconspicuous, each bearing a single pale, slender, hair. The feet are all concolorous with the body. Eriophyes species. The small pocket galls of the genus H'riophyes were very noticeable during the past season. The foliage of elm, basswood, maple and wild cherry were particularly disfigured by the work of these mites. Basswood trees were examined on June 12th and were found to be heavily infested by Eriophyes abnormis, Garm. Quite a few of the galls were on the under side of the leaves. The leaves of the soft maples, at Ottawa, have been much disfigured of late years by the galls of Hriophyes quadripes, Shimer. At an excursion of the Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club, held to the Mer Bleue, and nearby vicinity, on June 20, some interesting material was col- lected. The Mer Bleue is an extensive peat bog, about 12 miles from Ottawa, and is one of the best hunting grounds which we have in the district. The small, curious caterpillars of the plume moth, Pteronhorus eupatorii, Fern., 118 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 were found in numbers feeding on the leaves of the Joe Pye Weed, Eupatorium purpureum, L., and in some pasture fields the Hard Hack, Spirea tomentosa, L., was seen to be badly infested by a cecidomyid. Many of these plants were entirely covered by these galls. Since, the small fly has been reared and specimens have been determined by Dr. E. P. Felt, as Rhabdophaga salictfolia, a species which has been found abundant in Ma3s- achusettes and New York on the above plant and also on the Common Meadow-sweet, Spir@a salicifolia, L. A single worn specimen of the rare butterfly, Argynnis triclaris, Hbn., was taken in the Mer Bleue by Mr. Young. On June 9th three fine examples of this insect were captured n the bog, one by Mr. Criddle, one by Mr. Young, and the other by the writer. Dr. Fletcher has, once or twice previously, collected this butterfly at the Mer Bleue, which is probably the most southern locality known for this insect. The Fall Webworm, Hyphantria textor, Harr., was particularly abund- ~ ant all over the district. Their conspicuous nests were present in large numbers on willow, maple, elm, birch, apple, hawthorn and wild cherry. On July 25th the caterpillars were about half an inch in length and a little over a week later they were nearly an inch long. It isa pity, and a disgrace to every one who has trees, that this insect is allowed to increase to such an extent and render trees so unsightly by the conspicuous nests made by the larve. It is a simple matter for hundreds of owners of trees to cut off these nests when they are first noticed, and trample upon the caterpillars under foot. ; The Snow-white Eugonia, Ennomos subsignarius, Hbn. On the evening of July 23rd last, enormous numbers of these moths appeared in all parts of the city, being attracted to the electric lights. An account of this visita- tion is given in the Ottawa Naturalist, September, 1908. The large numbers of these insects present on that evening caused a good deal of comment. Some of the electric light poles and the sides of buildings were literally covered with the moths and looked as if they had been whitewashed, or given a coat of white paint. The sparrows of the city had a great feast early the following day. Next morning the wings of the insects were to be seen all along the main streets. At the entrance to some of the larger buildings, the wings were so numerous that some little time had actually to be taken to sweep them away. In Dr. E. P. Felt’s valuable report for 1907, which has just come to hand, it is stated that the caterpillars of this moth were found in immense numbers defoliating beech trees in Ulster County, New York, during the summer of that year. Possibly they were present in large numbers in other districts. These caterpillars when seen, were mostly mature, and were pupating by July 26th. Moths from these larve emerged soon afterwards and eggs were deposited. The insect, there- fore, has been steadily increasing for the last two or three years. No cater- pillars have been seen in the Ottawa district during the present season, and it would be most interesting to know where all the moths came from. Their sudden great abundance was certainly remarkable. According to the meteorological observations taken at the Central Experimental Farm, by Mr. W. T. Ellis, there were no strong winds at Ottawa during the week beginning July 19th, nor in fact during the week previous to that. The prevailing winds from July 19th to July 25th were south and southwest, but the word “‘calm’”’ in Mr. Ellis’ report signifies that there was practically ne wind blowing when the records were taken. During the whole week above mentioned the number of miles recorded is only slightly over 191, while the average of wind for a week is over 900. Of course, the upper currents may have been very much stronger. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 119 The occurrence of the Apple Leaf Hopper, Empoasca mali, LeB., in such enormous numbers was undoubtedly the most notable outbreak of the year in Eastern Ontario. At Ottawa injury was done chiefly to potatoes, although beans and other vegetables were severally attacked. The presence of the insects in destructive numbers was noticed towards the end of June, and the injury continued throughout the summer. These insects, which are pale green in colour, slender, about an eighth of an inch in length when mature, feed on the under sides of the leaves by sucking the juices out of the plants. When they are young and before they have developed wings, they can be destroyed by spraying the infested crop with whale oil soap, one pound in five gallons of water, or with the ordinary kerosene emulsion. Some pota- toes which were sprayed early in July, before the young leaf hoppers acquired their wings, were freed from the pest, and were not since injured to any appreciable extent. The severity of this outbreak has been much aggravated this season by the exceptional drought and heat, which weakened the plants, and made them more than usually susceptible to injury by the insects. The Potato Flea-beetle, Hpitrix cucumeris, Harr., was present in potato fields in the district in considerable numbers. On August 2lst ‘t was found to be abundant on potatoes on the Experimental Farm, working with the Apple Leaf Hopper, Empoasca mali. This flea-beetle is some- times, in hot dry seasons, one of the worst enemies of the potato. Dr. Fletcher recommends spraying the vines with Bordeaux mixture, as this treatment has given far better results than spraying with Paris green. In early August the Destructive Pea Aphis, Nectarophora pisi, Kalt., did severe injury to sweet peas in gardens. The plant lice were present in large numbers and from specimens collected later, a number of parasites of the genus Praon were reared. The parasitized plant lice were rather numerous on the vines. Field peas near Ottawa were also much attacked by this pest, several complaints of very serious injury being received at the Division. Other kinds of plant lice were much in evidence during the season. Apple trees were badly infested by the Apple Aphis. Some young trees examined on August 12th were practically covered with the aphides. Some seedlings were sprayed on August 8th with whale oil soap, 1 Ib. to 4 gallons of water, and with the ordinary kerosene emulsion, but neither of these mixtures killed all of the insects. The kerosene emulsion did the better work. Vegetable marrows were much reduced in vitality by the attacks of an aphis. Towards the end of the season, Swede turnips, cabbages, and cauli- flowers, were attacked by the Turnip and Cabbage Aphis. Early in October, celery plants were severely injured by plant lice, and many rendered useless. The Woolly Aphis of the Apple and the Woolly Aphis of the Alder were also more than usually abundant. Cutworms, as usual, did much harm in some gardens early in the season. At East Templeton, near Ottawa, they destroyed many tobacco plants. Mr. Letourneau, of our office, who visited the locality early in August, reported to me that cutworms had been much complained of by the farmers of the district. A rather interesting occurrence of the Variegated Cutworm, Peridroma saucia, Hbn., was discovered in one of the greenhouses at the Central Experimental Farm, on August 24th. On September Ist, larve about 4 an inch long were brought into the Division. In all about 75 larve were collected, which had been found feeding on Primulas. No other plants were injured. In confinement they grew rapidly and buried on September 12th, 13th and 14th, the moths emerging in the office on October 20th and 22nd. (Fig. 31). 120 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 The caterpillars of the Small White Cabbage Butterfly, Pontia rape, L., were very troublesome in the Ottawa district during the past season, and many market gardeners complained of their ravages. The remedy of dusting the plants with pyrethrum insect powder, 1 lb. in 4 lbs, of cheap flour, after the whole has been mixed together and kept in a tight jar ‘or 24 hours, is so simple that it is most remarkable that the annual loss by this insect is allowed to take place. The Codling Moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, L., was injuriously present in many orchards in the district. A number of trees near the city were examined on August 12th, and it was estimated that about 25% of the apples on some of the trees were wormy. The work of the Pear-tree Slug, Hrzocampa cerasi, Peck., (Fig. 32), which does much harm to pears, cherries and plums, was noticed on plum trees on August 25th. Many of these slimy, greenish-brown, slug-like, larve were present on the trees and had done very apparent injury to the foliage. Specimens were found as late as October 5th feeding on the leaves. Spray- ing with any of the recognized poisonous mixtures, or dusting the trees at short intervals with freshly slaked lime, will destroy the larve. Many householders complained of the ravages of the Clothes Moth. This insect was certainly very abundant in Ottawa during the past summer and did a great deal of damage to furs and woollen goods in houses. The best remedies for these insects are of a preventive nature. All articles liable to attack should be well shaken, brushed, and put away before the moths appear in the spring. As the caterpillars feed only on substances of animal origin, clothing, etc., to be protected may be wrapped tightly in linen, cotton or paper, and left in this way until required for autumn and winter use. ¥1qg. 31. Peridroma Saucia; a, moth; b, normal form of larva, lateral view; c, same in curved position; d, dark form, dorsal view; e, egg from side; f, egg mass on twig (after Howard, Division of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agriculture). Fie 32. Pear-tree slug. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 121 PRESENT CONDITION OF THE WORK CONNECTED WITH THE IMPORTATION OF THE FOREIGN PARASITES OF THE GIPSY MOTH AND THE BROWN-TAIL MOTH. By L. O: Howarp, Wasuineton, D.C. In sending this paper to be read before the forthcoming meeting «f the Entomological Society of Ontario, the wr’ter assumes that the members of the Society, through the reports by Doctor Fletcher and through the read- ing of reports published by the Bureau of Entomology of the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, as well as from the lecture delivered before the Society last year by Mr. A. H. Kirkland, are informed concerning the progress of this work down to the close of 1907, and what follows is sup- plementary to that information. In the autumn of that year the parasite laboratory was moved from Saugus, Mass., to Melrose Highlands, Mass. The new location is much more accessible to Boston and to most of the field colonies of the parasites. The buildings, including several substantial structures built for laboratory purposes by the State of Massachusetts, are much beter fitted for the work. Upon the whole the results of the year’s importations have been very prom- ising. In planning the work several new features have been introduced. The parasites that are constantly being sent over by agents belong to three main groups, namely those of the order Hymenoptera, including the Ichneu- mon flies, the Chalcis flies and others; those of the order Diptera, including the Tachina flies, and those of the order Coleoptera, including the preda- ceous ground beetles. The amount of material received has been so great, and the character of the different life histories of the insects involved has been so diverse that it has seemed of great importance to have a thoroughly trained expert, skilled in the biology of each group, placed in charge of each group. This has been done, and an expert has had charge of the Hymenoptera, another of the Diptera, and another of the Coleoptera. Further. the condition of European sendings by mail and by express during the summer of 1907 was by no means uniformly good. The send- ings from eastern Europe which are subject to long railway journeys in addition to the sea voyage, frequently arrived in bad condition. Therefore an innovation was made and a general laboratory depot was established at Rennes, France, under the general supervision of Mr. René Oberthiir, and a skilled assistant, Mr. A. Vuillet, was placed in specific charge. Nearly all of the European sendings were shipped to Rennes, were examined, repacked, carried personally by Mr. Vuillet to Cherbourg or to Havre on the known days of sailing of certain steamers, then placed in the hands of the chief stewards of the vessels and carried in the cold room to New York where they were admitted without customs examination and sent. direct to - Boston. This method has resulted in a much beter average condition of the material received, and has facilitated the rapidity with which the work ‘s being accomplished. The courtesy of the steamship officials is highly appreciated. The third innovation has been an attempt to secure Japanese parasites of the gipsy moth. It has been known for some years that the true gipsy moth, or one of its varieties, or at least a most closely related species, occurs in Japan, though not in great numbers, and that it is apparently held ‘n check by its parasites. Rev. H. Loomis, an American living in Yokohama, has repeatedly written to the State authorities of Massachusetts and to the 9 EN. 122 THE REPORT OF THE No=19 Chief of the Bureau of Entomology conveying this information, and attempts have been made by mail and otherwise to send these parasites to the United States, but without success. Later information received from one of the most skilled economic entomologists of Japan, Mr. Nawa, indicated that there exists in Japan an important egg-parasite of the gipsy moth. Remem- bering that the Massachusetts gipsy moth came originally from Europe it seemed altogether desirable to introduce first the European parasites, and it seemed probable that these would by themselves reestablish the balance of nature. Then too, the importation of the Japanese species seemed somewhat dangerous, on account of the chance that the Japanese Gipsy moth might prove even more voracious and destructive than the European moth; but, after consideration, it was thought best to leave no stone unturned and to neglect no chances in the search for effective parasites. The European service of collectors and agents and advisers had been well organized and instructed during three annual visits of the Chief of the Bureau to Europe, and it was therefore decided to interrupt the European trip for the present year and to send an agent to Japan. Professor Trevor Kincaid, of the University o* Washington at Seattle, was chosen on account of his skill as a collector, his comparative proximity to Japan, and the fact that he is personally acquainted with many persons in Japan. He sailed on the 2nd of March, and the results of the expedition have more than justified the expénse involved. A very large amount of parasitic material has been received from him in good condition at Boston, and very many parasites from Japan have been col- onized in the woodlands of New England. Still another decided innovation has been the carrying on of active winter work with parasites, especially those secured from imported nests of the brown-tail moth which began to come in from Europe in December. It was found quite possible to breed these parasites in artificially heated rooms, feeding them upon hibernating native brown-tail moth larve brought in in their nests from out of doors, feeding the latter upon lettuce and other hothouse foliage and in the early spring securing more normal food for them by sending it up in boxes by mail from Washington and points south. In this way the breeding of the parasites of the genus Pteromalus was ecar- ried forward uninterruptedly throughout the winter, and, as during the breeding of successive generations they multiplied exceedingly, it was pos- sible later in the year to liberate a vastly greater number of individuals than would have been possible had the imported species been allowed to hibernate normally in the nests. In the course of this work Mr. W. F. Fiske, in charge of the breeding operations, has invented a rearing tray which has been of the utmost advantage and which will greatly facilitate parasite rearing work in the future. Still a fifth innovation and one of great value has been the discovery and practice of retarding the development of brown-tail moth eggs by keep- ing them in cold storage until the arrival of the European egg-parasites which will oviposit upon and breed in these cold storage eggs as freely as those which they attack in the state of nature. This process it has been ascertained may be carried on for a long time, and successive generations of these egg-parasites may be reared from eggs retarded in their develop- ment by cold storage. It is thus easy to breed and to liberate an almost infinitely greater number of these egg-parasites, and under favourable con- ditions, than would be possible from a simple importation of European parasitized eggs which would have to arrive in America at a specific time. These latter innovations have been due to the ingenuity of Mr. Fiske to whom great praise should be given. 9a EN. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 123 In the same way great advance has been made in the rearing of the Tachinid parasites, under the charge of Mr. C. H. T. Townsend who has devised methods and made observations that have greatly added to our knowledge of the biology of these insects and have resulted in the accumula- tion of a store of information of the greatest practical value not only in the prosecution of the present undertaking but in any problem of parasitic introduction or control that may arise later. Extraordinary. and almost revolutionary discoveries have been made in the life histories of certain of these flies, and without this knowledge the greatest success in handling them practically could not have been reached. Similarly Mr. A. F. Burgess, in charge of the Coleoptera, has succeeded in a very perfect way in rearing and liberating the important European predatory beetle Calosoma sycophanta, as well as some other insects of the same family. Altogether during the fiscal year the following material has been imported : ; Brown-tail egg-masses, about 26,000. Hibernating nests of the brown-tail from 50,000 to 60,000. Larve and pupae of the brown-tail, about 178,000. Gipsy moth egg-masses, 7 boxes, each containing very many masses. Gipsy moth larve and pupe, about 161,000. Gipsy moth larve from Japan, 8 large boxes containing several thousand larve and parasitic cocoons. Predatory beetles, 2,892. It will be noticed that only about half as many of the hibernating nests of the brown-tail were imported during this fiscal year as during last, but the smaller number is offset by the larger numbers of larve, pup and egg- masses, so that the gross amount received is about the same as that of the previous year. The material received from Japan listed above came in before the Ist July, but in all there have been received about 40 boxes, nearly all of large size. From one shipment of the cocoons between forty- thousand and fifty-thousand adults of one of the most important parasites of the genus Glyptapanteles were reared and were liberated directly in the open. The colonization work has been going on rapidly during the summer of 1908, and of the species colonized the following have been the most numer- ous: Pteromalus from the brown-tail moth nests, 114.000. Trichogramma from the brown-tail moth eggs, 11,600. Telenomus from brown-tail eggs, 4,560. Apanteles of the brown-tail, 12,875. Japanese Glyptapanteles, 45,000. Meteorus from brown-tail, 1,080. Pimpla from brown-tail pup», 2,051. Unclassified Tachinids, 4,177. Named Tachinids, 1,600. Calosoma sycophanta, adults and larve, 978. Thus making nearly 200,000 of the most active enemies of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth liberated under the most favourable condi- tions during the year. The result of the colonization work of previous years has not become very evident. It is altogether likely that the species introduced have found conditions favourable to their increase and that at the present time they exist in considerable numbers. The area, however, is so extensive as to make their occurrence in ordinary collections a matter of chance rather than 124 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 of likelihood. There has been during the past two years a tremendous destruction of the larve of both brown-tail moth and gipsy moth from bacterial and fungus diseases. These diseases have appeared in spots, but unfortunately some of these localities were those where colonies of parasites had been established, and in the wholesale destruction of the caterpillars by disease the introduced parasites must have suffered severely. Knowledge has been gained, however, which will make it more easy to select better localities for colonization in the future. Several of the parasites have been found to have established themselves, and notably the predatory beetle, Calosoma sycophanta, has been found in numbers. At least seven species have been found under conditions which indicate their establishment. There have been imported in all 23 species of Hymenopterous parasites, of which 16 are European. 6 are from Japan, and one at least is common to both regions. Eleven of these have been reared from the gipsy moth, six from the brown-tail moth, and six from both insects. A number of species of secondary parasites have been reared, and haye been killed. Of Dipterous parasites, at least 29 distinct species have been imported, of which nearly all are parasitic upon both gipsy moth and brown-tail moth. Of Coleoptera, five species have been imported, all of which will feed ‘upon both gipsy moth and brown-tail moth. This makes a total of 57 beneficial species, enemies of gipsy moth or brown-tail moth or both, that have been brought over in the course of this work. The outlook is more favourable than at any period during the progress of the work. - Success seems an ultimate certainty, but the time at which perfectly obvious results will be apparent is as yet uncertain. THE STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus). By Wit11am LocHHEAD, MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUE. This insect is reported as having done considerable damage in 1908 in certain localities, particularly Prince Edward County. It is a small brown- ish weevil about 1-10 inch in length, with a snout about half as long as the body. The specific name signatus is given it on account of the dark spot near the middle of each wing cover. There is probably but one brood a year. The weevils make their appear- ance about the time of the earliest blooming of the staminate varieties, and continue their depredations for three or four weeks. ‘““The female first deposits an egg in the bud, then punctures or cuts the stem below it so that in a few days it drops to the ground. Within the severed bud the larva hatched from this egg develops and transforms to the pupa and afterwards to the beetle’? (Chittenden, Circular 21, U.S. Bureau of Entomology). The larva hatches from the egg in from 4 to 7 days, and feeds on the pollen within the buds. It becomes full grown in less than a month, and transforms to pupa, and to adult within the cavity of the bud. The pupal stage lasts about a week, and the entire cycle lasts about five weeks. The adult weevil soon makes its way out of the bud, feeds for a few days; then finds a suitable hiding place for the remainder of the year. Remedial Treatment: (1) As the weevils are always found on flowers that bear pollen, it is advisable in districts where the weevils are injurious 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 125 to grow mostly pistillate varieties, and only enough of staminate plants to pollinate the pistillate plants. (2) Chittenden says that covering the bed is nearly a perfect preventive. This covering may be of muslin, and should be in position at least a week before the first blossoming occurs, and left in position until the first berries are picked. (3) Another remedy is to grow profuse blooming varieties. (4) Trap crops of very early blooming varieties such as the “Chas. Downing”’ may be planted. Upon these the weevils collect, and many can be killed by the application of arsenical sprays. (5) Clean culture may be of considerable value in controlling the weevils —the removal of volunteer plants, and the burning over in early spring of underbrush and weeds. (6) Certain substances, such as dilute crude carbolic acid (1 part in 100 of water), and Bordeaux, seem to act as repellents, and their applica- tion would appear to be of value. WHAT ENTOMOLOGY THE FARMER AND FRUIT-GROWER SHOULD KNOW. By WIL.L14m LOCHHEAD, MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUE. This title was suggested to me after reading an address on this topic by Dr. S. A. Forbes, State Entomologist of Illinois. I must also confess to the appropriation of many of the ideas in Dr. Forbes’ address, for they represent the matured thought of a distinguished Entomologist of long experience, and one who has done much valuable work along economic lines. The ideas, however, are not new; they have been expressed, per- haps partially, time and again at the meetings of this Society, at Farmers’ Institute meetings, and at Fruit Growers’ Conventions. They require how- ever to be expressed often, and in all kinds of meetings, to effect a lodgment with the people and to be incorporated into the practical work of the orchard and farm. That, then, is my reason for dealing with this subject at this time. 1. The farmer and fruit grower should know the principal injurious insects that affect the crops of the farm, orchard and garden. As intelligent business men they should be able‘to identify those agencies that make for losses, and to acquaint themselves with the best up- to-date methods of controlling these agencies. The habit of the insects should be studied, in order that the methods of control may be as effective as possible. Haphazard experimenters are out of place just as much in successful farming as in successful manufacturing. For example, he should know when the Codling Moth of the apple makes its appearance to lay eggs, when the young worms attack the apple, in order that he may apply his poison sprays at the best time to kill them. He should know the life-habits of the white grubs which live two years in the ground as grubs, become pup and beetles in the fall of the second year; the beetles not emerging until the following May or June to mate and lay eggs. When infested grass land is broken and the adult beetles are prevented from laying their eggs in that field, he must not expect an entire absence of white grubs, for the young white grubs will continue to feed until their food supply ?s exhausted. ‘‘He will not turn pigs into his grass lands late in fall, to clear 126 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 them of the grubs, for these bury themselves a foot or two below the surface on the approach of frost.’’ 2. The farmer and fruit grower should know the injuries done by the principal injurious insects. Every crop is attacked at some part at some stage of its existence. For example, the apple tree may be injured in its seedling stage by the leaf- blister-mite on its leaves and the woolly aphis on its roots; the growing tree by borers, plant lice, oyster-shell scale, San Jose scale; and the fruit by the codling worm and the railroad worm. The turnip is attacked by the flea- beetle, during its young stage, and by the turnip aphis and others during its growing period. The corn plant may be injured by the attacks of the seed-corn maggot and wire worm on the seed in the ground, by the white grub and wire worm on its roots, by the cut worm on its stems, by the corn worm on its leaves, and by the grain moths on the stored grain. The farmer and fruit grower should be able to diagnose the causes of the most serious insect troubles by the nature of the injuries inflicted, as he would diagnose the cause of any ailment of his live stock. It is possible after a careful study of the injuries to plants to identify the particular insects that are causing the injuries, and to deal with them effectively. Sometimes one has to rely entirely on the nature of the injuries for the identi- fication of the insect. Cutworms, for example, work at night and lie concealed in the day time. It is easy to distinguish the work of sucking insects from that of biting insects, but this easy distinction is of prime importance in any rational control of a pest. We sometimes hear of gardeners and fruit- growers using paris green for the control of plant lice. A little elementary knowledge of Entomology on their part would have saved them money, and would have given them success instead of failure. 3. The farmer and fruit grower should know the characters of the chief orders of insects, and should be able to recognize the order to which any common injurious form belongs from a glance at the larva or adult. There are for all practical purposes but seven orders or divisions into which the chief injurious insects may be placed. He should know what orders or groups pass through a complete metamorphosis,—from egg to larva, +o pupa, to adult,—during their life-history, and what orders have an incom- plete metamorphosis, 7.e., have the young somewhat like the-adults; the meaning of the terms cocoon, chrysalis, larva, pupa; the difference between a caterpillar and a grub; between a grub and a maggot; and of what order each is characteristic; what orders have biting mouth parts, and what orders have sucking mouth parts. All this information is needful and preliminary to an intelligent control of injurious insects. 4. Every Farmer and Fruit Grower should know the Effect of Crop Rotations, Good Cultivation, etc., i.e., Cultural Methods in Insect Life. Cultural methods stand opposed here to artificial methods, such as spraying. Where crop rotation is not practised the white grub and wire worms sooner or later take possession of grass lands, and the cultivated lands for a year or two after they are broken. . But a good crop rotation, where the crop is changed frequently makes it impossible for any insect to pass through its life-stages without being seriously disturbed and its food supply destroyed. Some rotations are preferable to others when certain 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 127 insects become injurious. For example, where corn is the chief crop, a rotation of clover, corn, oats is better than forage grasses, corn, oats, for the reason that many insects which are injurious to hay and grass land are also injurious to corn. Where a system of short crop rotations has been in use injurious insects such as the wire worm and white grub are seldom troublesome. The setting apart of a field for a number of years in succession to the same crop, be it pasture, hay, oats, wheat, clover or corn, must of necessity be attended with serious loss from insect injury. Good cultivation involves careful treatment of the soil, the crop, and its products. It means careful attention to the waste products and the waste places which are breeding places for many insects injurious to farm crops. It means the adoption of deep late fall plowing under certain conditions, which practice is one of the best methods of dealing with wire worms, white grubs, cut worms and grass-hoppers. It means high fertility of soil, and good drainage of the land, so that vigorous, healthy plants, capable of resisting the drains of insect attacks are grown instead of poorly nourished ones, which are much more liable to succumb. The effect of high culture is to make the plants recover quickly from insect attacks. Dr. Forbes says correctly, “The effect of nearly every form of insect injury is virtually a starvation effect. If the roots of a plant are eaten away or otherwise injured, the surface for the absorption of food is thus reduced and the plant suffers from starvation as a consequence. If the elaborated sap is withdrawn from its cells and vessels by the beaks of suck- ing insects, the effect is essentially the same—the plant is starved. If the substance of the leaf is injured or destroyed the process of assimilation is- interfered with, and less assimilated food becomes available for maintenance and growth,—again a starvation effect.’’ The effect of timely plowing and planting in the control of insects is not well enough known by our farmers. Much valuable information on these points is now available. Two or three late fall plowings are efficacious against wire worms and white grubs; early plowing of grass land in August will prevent severe cutworm attacks the following year; late sowing of fall wheat will prevent Hessian Fly injury; and early cutting of the first crop of clover will destroy the first brood of the clover-seed midge, and thus save the clover-seed of the later crop. 5. Every Farmer and Fruit Grower should know the value of Co-opera- tive measures in dealing with injurious pests. The importance of co-operation has been brought vividly to our atten- tion in several cases; v2z., the Hessian Fly outbreak a few years ago, the Pea-weevil scourge, the Codling Moth and the San Jose Scale ravages; and the apple maggot injuries in some sections. As a matter of fact, many of our economic problems in Entomology will remain unsolved until a widespread public co-operative sentiment arises in our midst, ‘‘Many diffi- culties which would yield at once to community action are beyond the power of individual remedy.”’ I have stated briefly five of the main points which I believe every Farmer and Fruit Grower should know. While we realize that but few per- sons possess this knowledge, are we doing much to hasten the day when all shall have this knowledge? I believe this Society has done much good through its individual members and through the Reports which are published every year. I believe, however, that the most effective work must be done 128 THE REPORT OF THE No: 989 at the agricultural colleges with the young men who assemble there ‘or instruction. Such knowledge as I have indicated cannot be imparted in a few popular lectures. Time is required to give the knowledge of, and and acquaintance with the insects that will be of much practical value to the young farmers when they return to put into actual operation the lessons they have learned in the class-room and laboratory. I believe the agricultural colleges are giving courses in Entomology along the very lines I have indicated. The courses in Entomology at the O. A.C. and Macdonald College are so arranged that the important elementary economic topics are discussed and studied in the second year by all the students in that year. Practically, then, all students who attend the O. A. C. and Macdonald College are given instruction in this most important aspect of agricultural operation. Unfortunately all students are not missionaries; many fail to proclaim the important entomological tidings to their benighted neighbours, and so the great work of the evangelization of the whole land is delayed. The wide-spread interest in agricultural education for rural schools indicates that some of the seed, at least, that was planted by the older men among us fell on good ground; for the present, interest has, to some extent, developed by way of Nature Study. ; To one who took an active part in this movement for agricultural education it is clear that the presentation of the various phases of insect life by many of the members of this Society throughout the Province made a deep impression, whereby it was possible to introduce Nature Study into many of our schools. INJURIOUS INSECTS IN ONTARIO IN 1908. By C. J. S. Beruune, OnTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH. The season of insect activity, which has now come to a close, has not been marked by any unusual outbreak, such as that of the Variegated Cut- worm last year, but several of our well known pests have been more than usually destructive to certain kinds of vegetation. The long hot summer, with plenty of rain in this part of the Province till the middle of August, and the subsequent protracted drouth which has lasted with but few slight breaks till the present time (November), has been favourable to the multi- plication of many insects while detrimental to others. Insects AFFECTING Farm Crops. Puant-Licr. There have been more complaints this summer concern- ing the damage done to turnips and cabbages by Plant-lice (Aphids) Fig. 33, than regarding any other kind of insect. From every part of the Province letters have come asking what could be done to get rid of the pest and to save the crop. Usually the application has been too late—the plants have been injured beyond recovery, and no treatment could restore their lost vitality. The warm dry weather in September was very favourable to the increase of this most prolific insect, and they multiplied to enormous num- bers before their attack was noticed. They usually congregate on the under side of the leaves and are out of sight to a casual observer, but many of them are on the upper surface as well and the dead and withering leaves should serve to draw attention to them. These plant-lice are dark green in colour, much the same shade as the leaf they are feeding upon, and are 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 129 covered with a mealy-looking powder of a bluish or ashen hue, which gives them a particularly disgusting appearance. Each of the myriad lice is engaged all day long in sucking the juices of the plant on which it is stationed and the combined effect of so many feeders is soon shewn by the impoverishment and destruction of the leaf. These sucking insects can be destroyed by the application of any of the usual contact remedies, such as kerosene emulsion, tobacco wash or strong soap-suds; the last is probably the cheapest and easiest remedy to procure and has been found very effective. A difficulty, however, is experienced with all these applications in getting at the insects on the under side of the leaves which are often close to the ground. In order to ward off an attack next year all the refuse of the crop, such as cabbage stalks and turn'p leaves, should be destroyed by forming them into a compost heap or some other method which will prevent any lice upon them from finding secure winter quarters, and also kill the eggs which are laid on stems and leaves. This should have been done as soon as the crop was taken off the field. Next year these vegetables should not be planted on the same piece of ground, and should be watched for the first appearance of any colonies of lice. If a sharp look-out is kept during hoeing and any affected plants cut out and crushed under foot, a very great deal will be done to reduce the number of colonies if not to entirely clear out the insect. Wire-Worms and WuitTe Gruss. (Figs. 34 and 35). Next in order to the foregoing were enquiries respecting these two classes of insects, which attack the roots of various plants and destroy large numbers of them. Being underground feeders no method has yet been found of applying a poison for their destruction. A great many experiments have been made in various places and all sorts of things have been tried, but nothing has yet been found to answer the purpose. Salt is often suggested, but it would require so large a quantity to kill the worms that all vegetation would be destroyed as well. Apparently the only thing that can be done is to prevent their breeding and coming to maturity by a short rotation of crops. Both these insects increase and multiply in grass lands, especially old pastures, where the worms and grubs feed upon the roots. If left long undisturbed they become very numerous and destructive. When an infected field of this kind is broken up for the first time, not much damage is done to the crop that is put in as the worms have still plenty of food in the roots and leaves of the grass that has been ploughed under. The next year this supply of food is gone and the worms must attack the roots of the crop whatever it may be or perish of hunger. Hence it is that corn and many other things suffer severely the second season after the grass field has been broken up. The most effective method, so far as the writer knows, is to plough up the infested field in August to destroy the tender pupe which have been formed by that time and again late in October to expose the newly formed beetles and also the young worms to the cold and frost of winter; this ploughing will also enable birds and other creatures to get at and devour them; poultry and pigs will feed upon them eagerly and should be allowed to range over the field immediately after it is broken up. Wueat Insects. The Hessian Fly has been present in injurious num- bers affecting winter wheat in the Counties of Norfolk, Brant and Essex and in the Niagara District; in other parts of the Province it does not seem to have inflicted any appreciable injury. The plan of sowing wheat after the middle of September in order that the plants may be too late for the egg- laying of the flies has proved satisfactory, though it is attended with the risk in an unfavourable season of having an imperfectly grown plant to 130 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 withstand the dangers of winter. A useful method is to sow a strip of wheat two or three weeks before the regular crop and thus provide the flies with a suitable place in which to deposit their eggs; later on this should be ploughed under and the insects destroyed, thus leaving the main crop free from injury. . / ‘ Fig. 33. Cabbage aphis : winged male, wingless female. Small figures are the natural size. “@) iM Fig. 36. Wheat joint-worm ; affected joints; fly greatly magnified. The Wheat Joint-worm (Jsosoma tritic?, Fitch), Fig. 36, is not of com- mon occurrence in Ontario. Three years ago Dr. Fletcher reported a some- what severe outbreak at Millbrook and complaints were made of it in some of the south-western counties. This year specimens of its work have been 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 131 sent to us from Petrolia only. The parent insect is a minute black four- winged fly, belonging to the same order as Wasps and Ichneumons and to a family most of the members of which are parasitic upon other insects. The eggs are laid at or near a joint of the growing wheat plant, and the larva burrows into the stem and causes a gall-like swelling to be produced inside which it lives and feeds. This swelling becomes hard and renders the straw so brittle above and below it that it is frequently broken off in a storm. The hardened portions which remain when the grain is cut are apt to be separated from the straw and to come through the threshing machine with the grain. When winnowed out these fragments with other refuse should be burnt. Most of the galls, however, are left in the stubble and contain the wintering larve; in order to destroy these the field should he burnt over in the fall if practicable, or the stubble deeply ploughed under. Usually a short rotation of crops with clean cultivation serves to keep th’s insect in check, and thus we do not often hear of any damage being done by it. Inpran Corn Insects. The Greasy Cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon) Fig. 37, has severely attacked some fields of corn, cutting off the young plant at the surface of the ground, and also attacking the roots; and the Glassy OCutworm (Hadena devastatriz) Fig. 38, caused much damage to several acres of corn near Listowel. Other species have seriously injured turnips and wheat in some localities. These night-feeding caterpillars are half grown in autumn and feed voraciously on almost any kind of vegetation that comes to hand in the spring. Fortunately there is a very satisfactory remedy which can easily be applied; it is called the poisoned Bran-mash. It is made by mixing half a pound of Paris green in fifty pounds of bran, stirring constantly and adding the poison little by little; this 1s sweetened by the addition of two quarts of cheap molasses previously diluted in about a gal- lon of warm water; the whole must be thoroughly mixed to such an extent that the bran will crumble through the fingers and not form hard lumps. The mash is distributed through the infested plot by means of a Planet Junior drill or by hand in the evening, taking care that poultry do not get at it. The worms come out at night and devour it in preference to the plants, and usually go off to die either under the surface of the ground or some other convenient hiding place, so that no dead ones are found lying about in the morning. One who tried this remedy with very much doubt as to its value, unearthed quarts of dead cutworms after a night’s application and became thoroughly convinced of its effectiveness. THe Pra Motu. (Semasia nigricana) Fig. 39, has been troublesome in the neighbourhood of Lindsay. Eggs are laid by the parent moth on the young pods and from these hatch out small caterpillars which make their way inside and devour the peas; when full grown they leave the pods and form a cocoon beneath the surface of the ground and there remain all winter, the moth coming out the following summer. It has been found that early maturing varieties of peas are free from the attack as they are too far ‘advanced when the eggs are laid, it’ is therefore advisable to sow as early as possible wherever it is known that there is danger of injury from this insect. In gardens the ground should be dug deeply in the fall to bury the cocoons so that the moths cannot reach the surface when they come out, and all immature pods should be burnt when the crop has been picked. In 132 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 field cultivation deep plowing and the removal of all refuse should be attended to; any infested plot should not be sown with peas again for two or three years. It is not likely that any poison can be successfully applied as the worm buries itself in the pod as soon as it is hatched. Tue Pea WeEviIL. (Bruchus pisorum) Fig. 40, is to be found every year in many localities. If growers everywhere adopt the simple method of fumigating with bisulphide of carbon as soon as possible after harvesting there would soon be little injury to complain of; one ounce to one hundred pounds of seed has been found sufficient. All refuse after threshing should be cleaned up and burnt and no weevilly peas should ever be sown. ir, Fic. 37. Greasy Cutworm ; (/) front of head ; (¢) moth. ‘Fie. 38. Glassy Cutworm. Fic 39. Pea moth, larva and infested peas. Fic. 40. Pea Weevil. CLover-SEED MipGE. Many complaints have been received respecting loss caused by this insect. The adult is a two-winged fly which lays its eggs in the flower heads of clover; the maggots, when hatched, burrow into the ovaries and feed upon the developing seeds. They become mature at the end of June, descend into the ground and pupate there. A second brood of flies come out when the clover is again in flower and the same course is repeated; in this way both crops are prevented from maturing a large proportion of their seed. The winter is passed by the maggots in 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 133 the earth; they do not, like the Pea-weevils, remain in the seed or continue ' their work of destruction. These red larve may, howver, be found amongst the seed after threshing, but any that we have seen at that time were dead. There is a simple remedy which has been found very effective, that is to cut, or feed off, the first crop of clover by the 15th of June, and thus destroy the maggots before they go into the ground to pupate. The result is that they fail to mature and there are no flies to lay eggs for another brood. The second crop will then produce good clean seed, having the further advantage of many more bumble bees in August than there were in June to assist in the process of fertilizing the bloom. Insects AFFECTING FRUIT-TREES. In the earlier part of this report there is given an account of the discus- sion of many of the most serious insect pests of the orchard; it is, therefore, unnecessary to refer to them here, except very briefly. Of the scale insects we have as usual received complaints of the Oyster-shell Bark-louse from all over the province. The San José scale is reported from Dresden, a new locality; the Curtis and Scurfy scales have been sent in from Simcoe and from Vineland, and no doubt are to be found in many other places, but they are seldom numerous enough to do any serious damage. THe PEAR AND CHERRY-TREE SLUG (Hriocampa cerasi) has been very abundant in many places this year; the second brood continuing their injury to the foliage till quite late in the fall. The slimy black or greenish slug-like larve can be destroyed by dusting with Paris green or lime, or spraying with white hellebore mixed in water. Apple-trees in unsprayed orchards in Sandwich, London, Simcoe, Guelph and other places suffered a good deal from the Cigar Case-bearer, the Apple-bud Moth and the Trumpet Leaf-miner. The fruit itself was attacked in many localities apparently by the Snowy Tree-cricket and the Plum Curculio, causing malformations of the apples and a serious impair- mént of their value; the Tussock Worms were also found attacking the fruit in a similar manner. Not much attention has been paid to injury from these sources; it is important therefore that careful observations should be made both as to the insect causing the injury and the time when it is done, in order that intelligent measures may be adopted for prevention. Among the small fruits, Strawberry plants have been much damaged by Wire-worms and White-grubs at the roots, especially where they were planted in old pasture fields which had recently been broken up. It is impossible to apply any remedy for the destruction of these underground feeders; the only method of getting rid of them is by a short rotation of erops involving frequent cultivation of the soil and the consequent disturb- ance of the grubs and pup, as stated in the earlier part of this paper. The Strawberry Weevil has caused some damage by cutting off the pollen- bearing blossoms and preventing the setting of the fruit. The Rose Chafer, which usually appears in swarms about the time that the Grapes are in blossom, has not been so abundant as usual this year, though bad at Cooksville, Niagara Falls, Simcoe and some other places. Raspberry and Blackberry bushes have been attacked in some local- ities by the Cane-girdler—a slender beetle, less than half an inch in length, black in colour with an orange or yellow thorax on which are three black dots. The beetle bites a series of small holes close together all round a cane not very far from the tip, and then makes another series about the length of its own body from the first: between these two girdlings it excavates a hole and deposits an orange coloured egg. The grub lives on 134 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 the pith of the cane, which soon withers and dies above the girdling, and is checked in its growth. All affected canes should be cut off an inch or ~ two below the place attacked and the prunings burnt in order to destroy the grubs within them. A Leaf-miner (Scholioneura capitalis) has been very prevalent this year at St. Catharines, Oakville and in Prince Edward County, injuring the leaves of Blackberry bushes; in some cases a large proportion of the leaves were attacked and became prematurely withered. INSECTS OF THE VEGETABLE AND FLOWER GARDEN. There has been no special outbreak during the past season, but many of our familiar pests have been more or less abundant and destructive. The Asparagus beetles, which came to us across the Niagara river and spread westerly and northerly, are now travelling eastward along the shore of Lake Ontario as well; the latest reports have come from Oshawa. Wherever they go they establish permanent colonies and will require to be dealt with every year. 5 Plant-lice (Aphids), as already mentioned, have been unusually abun- dant this year, and have not only attacked turnips and cabbage, but also lettuce, peas, potatoes, roses, and most other garden plants, a variety of species being present. Tomatoes have in several places been attacked by the large caterpillars of the Sphinx moth; where these voracious feeders are numerous they devour a large amount of foliage and sometimes strip the plants of their leaves. Being so large and conspicuous they can easily be picked off by hand and crushed under foot. Owing probably to the very hot weather in September a number of moths emerged from the chrysalids that we had in a breeding cage, instead of remaining buried in the ground all winter. MISCELLANEOUS. 2 The Mediterranean Flour Moth (Ephestia Kuhniella) has made its unwelcome appearance in several mills in this part of Ontario. In one situated in Guelph, an annual fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas is made with excellent results; it would probably be better, however, to repeat the operation at an interval of a few weeks when another brood may be developed, as it is doubtful whether the gas will kill the eggs of the insect. All sacks and packing material brought from other places should be steamed, or otherwise treated, a8 the insect is evidently in this way introduced into mills previously free from it. The Indian-meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella) has been found in num- bers infesting a mill, and the caterpillars in another place were discovered devouring seed wheat, of which they eat the germs and thus spoil a larger quantity than they actually consume. If a whole building should be infested by them it would be advisable to fumigate with hydrocyanic acid gas, but where they are confined to the grain bins they may be destroyed with bisulphide of carbon. Grain Weevils (Calandra granaria and oryz@) have also been found infesting stored grain. These small snout beetles will continue for years breeding and devouring the grain in the same receptacle if left undisturbed. Bisulphide of carbon may also be used as a remedy for these as well as any other granary insect. One great means of preventing injury from all these insects is cleanliness; all bins and other places where grain is stored should be thoroughly cleaned out at least once a year, and fresh grain should not 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 135 be brought in till the old has been cleared out. All corners and dark places where flour-dust and other refuse accumulate should be regularly swept out at short intervals and thus leave no undisturbed breeding places for these destructive creatures. Another insect troublesome in the barn is the Clover-hay Worm (Asopia costalis), the caterpillar of a very pretty little moth, which has rich red wings adorned with yellow markings. The caterpillar feeds upon dry clover, both in the stack and the mow, and spoils it for fodder, as cattle will not eat it when badly infested. In this case also cleanliness is most important; no old clover or refuse should be left in the barn when fresh supplies are about to be brought in, and the remains of old clover stacks should be burnt or thoroughly cleaned up before a fresh one is built on the same spot. : During a summer trip to Fort William and Port Arthur it was disheart- ening to find that the Larch Saw-fly (Vematus Erichsonit) had extended its ravages along the north shore of Lake Superior. On the line of railway as far east as Nepigon the tamaracs were noticed to be every where dead or dying; on reaching this latter place an examination was made of a number of trees and all were found to be swarming with the caterpillars of this insect. This region of country was burnt over some twenty-five years ago, and the land is now covered with a vigorous growth of young trees of various kinds twenty and thirty feet in height. Scattered through these, as well as in clumps, are great numbers of larches, all of which seemed to be infested with these worms; in all probability in a year or two there will not be a living one left, thus repeating the devastation that was experienced soMe years ago in the Eastern Townships of the Province of Quebec. As the insect abounds over hundreds of miles of wild country it is evident that nothing can be done to check its devastating work. Spruce trees in this part of Ontario continue to be attacked by the Spruce Gall-louse (Chermes abvetis), which has several times been described in these reports. Young nursery trees and individuals grown for ornament may be treated when the young lice are exposed towards the end of May and of August with a soap and tobacco wash or kerosene emulsion. At Whitby some Spruce trees were defoliated this year by the caterpillars of the Spruce Saw-fly (Lophyrus abietis). Spraying with any of the arsenicals, applied as soon as any of the worms are seen, would soon get rid of them. INJURIOUS INSECTS OF QUEBEC IN 1908. By Witiram LocHHEAD, MacponaLp COLLEGE, QUE. The damage done by insects in Quebec in 1908 has not been heavy. The season was exceptionally dry over a large area of the Province, which condition may have influenced the insect life in some way not yet ascer- tained. Dr. Forbes, of Illinois, says that ‘‘a wet season—if not too wet— is a favorable one, and a dry season an unfavorable one,’’ inasmuch as the condition tends to the increase in growth and food-supply to the plant. Most serious insect injuries to growing crops diminish with wet weather and increase with dry. In very wet weather ‘‘the sap of the plant may become so dilute, through excessive absorption of water by the roots that it loses its nutritive value, and insects dependent on it are not so well nourished as by the denser sap of a plant growing in a drier soil. They consequently grow less thriftily and multiply less abundantly, and may 136 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 even diminish rapidly in numbers during a wet season, while if the weather were dry and their food nourishing they would increase steadily at a geome- trical ratio. After a year or two or three of drouth the intelligent farmer will be more watchful for the first appearances of insect outbreak than after a series of unusually wet years.’’ The Relation of Weather to Insect Life is still a baffling problem, but the economic importance of a satisfactory solution warrants the spending of much time, money, energy, and ability. It is just as difficult to get reliable returns concerning insect pests from Quebec as it is from Ontario. Many of our common injurious forms are still known as worms, or bugs, vers or pucerons, and there are but few per- sons who can name even the most common injurious insects. Insects AFFECTING CEREAL Crops. No reports of the presence of the Hessian Fly or Wheat Midge have been received from any part of Quebec. The wheat grain aphis did considerably damage in certain localities. At Macdonald College the experimental plots were badly infested, but towards the end of the season it became very evident that the parasites were very numerous, and that they were controlling the aphis, but they did not appear soon enough to prevent serious damage. . Insrcts AFFECTING VEGETABLES. The cabbage and turnip aphis was a very common pest in late summer and autumn, but judging from reports which have reached me, no very serious damage has resulted. Mr. Chapais informs me that he has not found the Cabbage aphis in eastern Quebec. The green cabbage worm has been prevalent over a large part of Quebec, and considerable damage has been done. It is a very common pest in eastern Quebec, but not plentiful. The Cabbage Root Maggot can usually be found in most fields of vegetables where cabbage and rape are grown, but for the last two or three years, this pest has not made itself manifest to any extent. In some parts of the Province this insect is unknown, as it occurs only at intervals of many years. The Squash Bug (Anasa tristis) is not met with in Quebec. Mr. Chapais reports meeting with it now and again, but he says it never causes much damage. I have not seen any specimens of it at Macdonald College during the last two or three years. The cucumber beetles, however, are very abundant and injurious. In eastern Quebec they are not so abundant as in the western parts. The melon aphis, although present, is not at all injurious, and has not been found by Mr. Chapais east of Quebec. The Colorado potato beetle is keep- ing up its reputation as being the most abundant and persistent pest we have. In spite of all changes in temperature—hard winters and mild win- ters, wet summers and dry summers, this pest continues to hold its own. In fact, it seemed as if it required a stronger dose of Paris green to kill it than it did a few years ago. Insects AFFECTING LARGE Fruits, The Codling Moth is reported as being very abundant at Cowansville and at Chateauguay, Covey Hill, Abbotsford, La Trappe and the lower St. Lawrence; in fact, all the reports received emphasize the abundance of this pest of the apple as doing a great deal of damage. The Apple Maggot was not observed at La Trappe, but was very abundant at Como, just across the Ottawa River, and according to Mr. Reid of Chateauguay, is prevalent at Covey Hill. It is evident that it is not prevalent throughout Quebec, else its presence would have been reported by more of my correspondents. The Plum Curculio, which injures both the apple and the plum was a very bad pest at Chateduguay. Mr. Reid states that it is the worst pest the fruit growers have in his district. Mr. Chapais reports it as abundant along the lower St. Lawrence. It does not seem to affect the apples much at La Trappe, but it is very severe on the plums. The green apple aphis is more or less prevalent in 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 137 some parts of Quebec, but is not troublesome at Cowansville or in the eastern part of the province. It is very abundant at Chateauguay and La Trappe. The Oyster-shell Bark-louse is also one of our most widespread insects in Quebec, and is reported as being very abundant at Cowansville, but at present it is not injurious at La Trappe to any extent. The Canker- worm is not troublesome. The Fall web-worm is very prevalent throughout the province this present autumn. Insects AFFecTING SMALL Fruits. The Currant-worm is common everywhere, and is very injurious when left uncontrolled. -At the Agri- cultural Institute, at La Trappe, the insect was successfully controlled by Nico Soap. The Raspberry Cane-borer was reported as doing Little or no harm, but has been observed as being abundant on the wild canes. Mires on RAspserries. In 1907 the raspberry plantation at Macdonald College was badly infested and injured by mites, which have the habit of clustering on the under surface of the leaves. They were again observed in June, 1908, and spraying operations were begun to determine the effect of various solutions in controlling the pests. These operations were in charge of Mr. J. M. Swaine. Ten plants were selected of about the same degree of infestation. The following substances were used: RTE oe oc eos cs casas scegtttenesedeenbenst ones Fair results. Lime-sulphur (5 oz. lime, 21-23 S, 2) 4 gal H,O.. Effective but killed leaves. MenndmAmsenate (1 to 10). ........0.0..ccc0eeceees serene Not effective. MEARE fee oicis oy seave aidevssiad ss sceasee 3999999999. Not effective. us) 2as:0c GO aCe eee Effective. Peeaicmiiesosp, 3'o7z., 10 gals. -...............0..6 Fair results. MIGEACCORGELOCTION 5...:.......0:-c0sccescesecenetecevasees Fair results. Herosene Hmulsion (1 to 9) .........:-c0c.esceeeeee Most effective. OE oo .cs.00000 0050S ae Effective. Later, the whole patch, excepting three rows, was sprayed with whale oil soap, tobacco decoction and V2. They all killed the mites, where they were very carefully applied, but on the whole about half of the mites were killed. Tobacco was as effective as any of the substances tried. Probably these mites can be better controlled by winter sprays, and experiments will be conducted this coming winter to test the effectiveness of winter sprays. Tue WHITE MarKep Tussock Morn. Mr. Swaine reports that the Tus- sock Moth was not nearly so abundant on the shade trees of Montreal as it was in 1907. Fully 90 per cent. of the larve that were collected at random from trees were found infested with parasites. Mr. Swaine bred 16 species of parasites. Insects or THE Eastern Townsuirs. According to Mr. Douglas Weir Grass-hoppers were the cause of some damage to the grain crops in the Eastern Townships, and the Potato Flea Beetle was observed in somewhat greater numbers than usual, assisting the Colorado Beetle in the devasta- tion of the potato crop. In the orchards the Tent Caterpillar and plant lice were perhaps most evident, while in the forests and wood lots a species of Saw-fly (Nematus Sp.) defoliated many fine groves of birch (mostly Betula papyrifera and B. populifolia). Insects OBSERVED AT THE Port or Montreat. Mr. Merritt Baker, Fruit Division, Ottawa, who is in charge of the inspection of apples at the port of Montreal in connection with the inforcement of the Fruit Marks Act informs me that the three most important insects which he has observed in the course of his inspection are the Codling Moth, the Plum Maggot and the Lesser Apple-Worm. The apples which he examined came mostly from the Lake Ontario District, Ontario. The Lesser Apple Worm (Enar- 10 EN. 138 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 monia prunivora) is an insect which deserves more attention than it has usually received. It is probable that many of the injuries which have been done by this insect have been attributed to the young codling worms. This insect usually bores just below the skin at the blossom end of the apple, or at the point where two apples are in contact. The effect produced is a sunken area, somewhat irregular in outline, still covered by the dead skin of the apple. Observations show that it rarely bores into the fruit very far; never exceeding half an inch. Mr. Baker states that the injury to the apple may continue after the fruit has been packed in barrels. Dr. Felt, New York State Entomologist, states that it works also upon the domestic variety of plums. In appearance, the lesser Apple Worm resembles some- what the Codling Worm. It is very probable—although direct experiments have not been conducted to test the effectiveness of the remedy—that this insect can be controlled by the same applications as those adopted against the Codling Moth. Tur APPLE MaAGGor or Rart~roap Worm (Rhagoletis pomonella) has become one of our most serious apple pests. It does not appear to be widely distributed as yet. It appears locally in several districts, and does not seem to have the faculty of spreading far from that locality. The insect winters over as a little brown oval puparium, either on the surface of the ground or at the bottom of barrels containing apples. The adults emerge very regularly throughout the season, from early July up into September, so that they affect both early and late-maturing apples. The adult is a blackish two- winged fly, a little smaller than a common house fly, and may be recog- nized by the narrow, white bands on its abdomen, and by the four black bands across its wings. The eggs are deposited under the skin of the apple, and the young maggots hatch within a week and begin burrowing and mak- ing channels in the developing apple. It seems as if the maggot does not emerge until the apple is matured; there is therefore great danger that many apples which appear quite free from injury when picked and packed in barrels will show serious injuries when the barrels are opened. There is but one brood each season. As spraying has little or no effect in con- trolling this insect the best methods of control are the gathering and destroy- ing of the fallen apples, which contain the maggot, and the cultivation of the soil in the orchard, at intervals early in the summer, before Ist July, to destroy the pupe in the soil. THE FARMER’S WOOD LOT. By Rev. THomas W. Fytes, D.C.L., Levis, P. QuE. ‘““ How dear to this heart are the scenes of my childhood, When fond recollection presents them to view : The orchard, the meadow, the deep tangled wild-wood, And ey’ry loved spot that my infancy knew.”’ Many a man who, in early life, left his father’s homestead to try his fortune far away, has listened to the song of ‘‘The Old Oaken Bucket’’ with keen emotion. It is the nature of man to ‘look before and after, And sigh for what is not.’’ And, in his leisure moments, when wearied with the turmoil of the busy world, the fancy of the exile from home will often revert to the scenes of his early life. 10a EN. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 139 Among the cherished recollections of such a one will be the Wood Lot, with its stately trees, its pleasant glades, its cool retreats. He will think of its hazel copses, its blackberry tangles, its furred and feathered denizens, its wealth of flowers. He can call to mind its appearance in the early summer, when all the trees of the wood rejoice before the Lord, when the delicate green of the young foliage was relieved by the yellow catkins of the birches and the darker hues of the pines. The glories of its autumnal tints will also present themselves to his fond remembrance—the splendid crimson and gold of its maples, the Indian yellow of its beeches, the rich rosy bronze of its oaks. Tt will seem to him as if the woodland were wont to don its richest robes, to bid adieu to summer with befitting state. Amid such scenes he received his first lessons in wood-craft, and learned to call the trees by their names, and to distinguish each kind by its peculiar- ities, and to know the timber of each by its grain, and to tell the uses for which it was adapted. There he learned to admire the inexhaustible resources of the Divine Creator revealed on every hand, and the marvellous—to speak paradoxi- cally—diversity in uniformity under which no two leaves of one tree exactly agree in all points of outline and venation. Then, it may be his thought will revert to his early companions, and their frolics in the woods and sugar-house. He can recall the names, the features, the characteristics of his early friends; and he may wonder whither their several paths in life have led them. But dearest to his fond recollection—dear and yet sorrowful—will be the remembrance of the home circle. He will think of his parents now laid to rest, it may be, in a selected spot of their own land; and he will perhaps view, with shame and regret, his conduct in leaving the old folk to carry on the farm, in their declining years, without the aid of his youthful energy and strong right arm. “Tt is true,’’ our friend may say to himself, ‘‘that the farm was less productive than it had been, that the prices of produce were low, and the general outlook somewhat gloomy; but observation has since taught me, that, as the population has increased, the prices of produce have risen, that new railways have given access to better markets, that such noble institu- tions as the Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph, and the Macdonald College at Ste. Anne de Bellevue, have made known that more can be done with, and made from, the land than our fathers were aware of. If I could have had the advantage of a training, such as these colleges afford, my ambition would have been aroused, and I would have staid by the land and made it profitable. And what nobler business can a man undertake! The cultivation of the soil was the work appointed for Adam by his Maker. The occupations of the farmer have not unfitted men for high endeavours. Stock- raising was the business of Abraham, the father of the faithful, the friend of God: the prophet Amos was a herdsman; it was from the sheep-fold that God took His servant David away, that he might feed Jacob His people, and Israe] His inheritance. It was from the plough that Cincinnatus was called to the Dictatorship; and the poet, Horace, delighted in his Sabine farm.”’ But, leaving our city man to his cogitations, let us now make some observations on the wood lot for ourselves. I do not in this article refer to the White Birch allotments that may be seen on the French Canadian farms around Montreal, nor to the Spruce growth on many of our northern farms; though these have their interesting features. J have in mind the mixed growth, remains of the old forest that 140 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 once covered the land: such as may be seen on the rougher portions of farms, in parts of the Eastern Townships and the New England States. The aristocracy, so to speak, among the trees of such wood-lots are the lordly pine, the sturdy hemlock, the stately yellow birch, and the bass- wood beloved of bees. These rise, straight and tall, amid the numerous spruces, balsams, tamaracks, elms, maples, beeches, poplars and balm-of- Gileads. 5 Among all these fine and useful trees are others of smaller growth: thorns, hornbeams, amelanchiers, moosemissies, etc. Stand with me in such a wood, and see the tall pines, with their spread- ing layers of foliage rising tier above tier; the graceful balsams, like church- spires pointing heavenward; the vase- -like contour of the elms. Time would fail us to consider the peculiarities and uses of many of the trees—let us observe those of one genus, that of Frazrinus, the Ash. Of the six kinds of Ash accredited by Grey to North America, three are found commonly in Canada: The White Ash, Frarinus Americana; The Red Ash, Frazinus pubescens ; The Black Ash, Frazinus sambucifolia. The fruit of each of these is a Samara, or winged seed, and the leaves are compound leaves, and these afford distinguishing features for the three kinds I have mentioned. In the White Ash the stalks of the leaflets are smooth and glabrous. In the Red, they are softly pubescent. In the Black, the leaflets have no stalks—they are sessile. Again, :— The seed of the Whzte Ash is winged from the apex only. In the Red, the seed is edged on either side; and the edges gradually expand into the wing. In the Black, the seed is winged all round. These seeds hang in clusters. The children in England call them locks and keys. The White Ash is a valuable shade tree. Its symmetrical stem, its graceful contour, and its elegant foliage render it a favorite for the lawn or park. Then it is remarkably free from insects. In North America some 50U kinds of insects feed upon the oak; but about 50 only feed upon the ash; and of these very few can be said to be injurious or offensive. The wood of the White Ash, on account of its toughness, its close grain, and its freedom from flaws, is valuable for the construction of carriages, farm vehicles and implements. The wood of the Black Ash is useful for other purposes. Bars of it are well soaked, and pounded with mallets. They can then be rent into fine strips for basket work and bottoming of chairs. Let us now turn our thoughts for a few moments to the sentient things areund us. I dare say you noticed when we entered the wood-lot that a sentinel- crow sounded an alarm—and now a dead silence seems to have fallen on the woodland. Let us sit on this log till the inhabitants of the wood have regained confidence. Meanwhile, I will say a few words about the crows. The crows build frequently in spruce trees. The dense foliage of these trees hides their nest. T had the curiosity to climb to a nest some years ago; andI was rewarded for my pains, for a strange nest I found it. The 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 141 builders had stolen a whole length of clothes-line, and with great ingenuity had wound the cord round and round, and between the young branches of the tree, making a very firm basis for their nest. You all know that the first egg of a pullet is sometimes very small: the mother crow, whose nest I invaded, must have been a yearling bird, for there was in the nest one very diminutive egg, with others of the usual size. Ah, our patience is meeting with its reward—the birds and animals are no longer silent. There is an oriole wending its way to its nest that we saw suspended from the extremity of an elm bough on the verge of the wood. And yonder, near the top of that tall hemlock stump, a Golden-winged Wood-pecker (Colaptes duratus) is busy enlarging a hole in which to make its nest. What a litter he is making! ‘‘The carpenter is known by his chips.”’ Now he flies away. Observe the graceful curves of his flight, and notice his peculiar call, which suggested the common name by which he is known— “Wake-up.”’ The stump he was operating upon must be fourteen feet high. Its top shews that the are had severed it from the upper portion of the tree. How did the woodman find standing room for his work? The explanation is - this :—the tree was blown down in some fierce gale. It tore from the ground, on all sides but one, a mass of roots, charged heavily with soil and stones, and leaving a deep hollow in the earth. The farmer came; peeled off the bark as far as the branches; cut off the limbs and top; then marked the trunk into lengths. He stept up on the tree, and standing with feet wide apart, chopped off standard logs—one—two—three. As the third log fell, he felt the butt, on which he was standing, beginning to move. He jumped, and so doing, escaped from being shot, as from a catapult, yards away. The counter weight being gone, the heavy mass of roots, with the stump in place, fell back into its matrix with a thud. See yonder in the maples a pair of grey squirrels. What a frolic they are having! Chasing each other as if they were playing “tag,’’ their long tails extended, or curved gracefully over their backs. Those tails serve them for Winter blankets. The little creatures, in their snug retreats, during the cold weather lie closely curled, and wrapped by their soft tails, heedless of wind and storm. They are sportive enough now—bye-and-bye, when Autumn is well advanced, they will be busy collecting beech nuts, acorns and butter nuts for their Winter supplies. The butter nuts are truly to the squirrels Juglans—Jovis glans—J upiter’s nuts—the provision made by Providence for their Winter’s need. On the other side of us a red squirrel is scolding—‘chuck, chuck.’’ I have lost my liking for this little animal ever since I saw one of its kind tearing to pieces the callow young from a young bird’s nest that it had dis- covered. Yonder runs the prettily striped ground squirrel or “chipmunk.’’ One evening in the first year of my residence in Canada, I walked out from Mon- treal, where I was then living, to Cote des Neiges. There I encountered half a dozen boys who were greatly excited. Some of them had sticks in their hands; some large stones; all were eagerly searching the stone fences. ‘What are you hunting?’’ T asked. “A chipmunk! A chipmunk! !”’ they shouted. and away they ran. JI had never before heard the name. JI wondered what ferocious keast was known under the strange appellation. I was as perplexed as the tourist who came to Quebec to view the Winter scenery. He was a man of more leisure and means than wit. He put up at the St. Louis Hotel, and in the afternoon walked out to the Plains. 142 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 He admired the pure unbroken expanse of snow and the fine view over the St. Lawrence and towards St. Jean Chrysostom. Next morning he arose early and took the same course to gain an appetite for breakfast. When lo, he saw some strange tracks in the snow. They were very large, and there was something like the imprint of a spur behind each of them. While he stood greatly puzzled, an old Scotchman drove along on a traineau. Our friend stopped him; and the following colloquy occurred :— “Can you tell me, Sir, what made these tracks ?’’ “The snaw-shus.”’ “What huge tracks! They come from the woods’ (pointing towards Wolfe’s Field). “O aye, that’ awa.”’ “They came in the night?” “Like as not.’’ “And they go towards the town. Ar’n’t the people afraid ”’ “Na’, na’. They’re used to them.’’ And he drove on. Out came the stranger’s note book; and he wrote :— “The Great Snortshius, a strange creature with huge feet, comes from the woods in the night, and passes into the town; and the people are not terrified. I must enquire further.”’ So I felt about the chipmunk. I must enquire further; and I did. The chipmunks and field mice are very mischievious. Towards Spring when their Winter storm of provisions have run short, and when the snow next the earth has melted, leaving run-ways amidst the buried brush, the little animals follow these passages till they come to the young maples, that the farmer has been preserving to form a second growth sugary. They gnaw the bark of the trees near the ground. After,a 'ong Winter I have seen scores of young trees completely girdled and destroyed by them. If a young orchard is near the creatures are apt to serve the fruit trees in the same way. Lengths of stove pipe unhooked at the sides, and placed around the base of the trees, and then hooked together again, are a safeguard against the spoilers. From our seat on the log we can observe many interesting things. Yonder runs a Ruffed Grouse or partridge. It probably has its nest at the foot of some neighbouring tree. The nest is but a slight hollow ina dry spot. The bird lays many eggs. She sits close; and her colour and markings so resem- ble her surroundings that she is seldom noticed by a passer-by. Her young can run as soon as they are hatched. I have witnessed a strange device that the partridge has of escaping its foes in the Winter. I was standing beside a church which was built near such a wood lot as we are considering. The snow lay deep on the ground, and was drifted against the edifice. Suddenly a pair of partridges whirled rapidly round the gable of the building. They were unaware of my presence till they came upon me. I cnuld have touched them but they dived with startling rapidity into the drift heside me, scatter*ng the light snow all around as they passed in, and so enmpletely closing up their passage way that I could not tell the exact spot where they had entered, though it was not more than three yards from me. Representatives of the insect world are on the wing, or sunning them- selves on the foliage. There is Polygonia faunus, Edwards, the most beauti- ful of our Graptade. Notice the rich mottling of its under side. There, too, is Basilarchia arthemis, one of the finest of our butterflies. The dark 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 143 purple of its upper surface is banded with pure white and adorned with orange spots and blue crescents. The larve of these lovely butterflies feed upon the elm, willow, etc., and they do little, if any, harm. But we must not dwell upon the inoffensive insects, however beautiful. Let me draw your attention for a moment to creatures that work in darkness, to the injury of the trees. Some of these belong to the Hymenoptera: Tre- mex columba, Drury (Fig. 41); Uroceros albicornis, Fabricius; U. cyaneus, Fabricius; U. flavicornis, Fabricius. They are large, handsome, but for- midable looking flies. Their larve tunnel in various trees and do much damage. Fortunately their number are kept down by several-species of even more dangerous-looking ichneumons: Thalessa atrata, Fab.; T. lunator, Fab.; T. nortona, Cresson, &c. The larve of these follow up the larve of the others and devour them. Many a tragedy, that we know not of, is done in the darkness. Fig. 41. Pigeon-tremex—the Horn-tail borer—( Tremex Columba. } The larve of many beetles are borers. I dare say that this log on which we are sitting is bored through and through by the larve of Orthosoma brun- neum, Forster. We do not greatly wonder that larve of some of the four-winged flies, and of some of the beetles should bore in timber; but it does seem remarkable that larve of some of our moths should do the same. Yet the larve of Cossus centerensis, Lintner, bore in the Balsam Poplar; the larve of Prionorystus robiniew, Peck, bore in the locust; the larve of Prionozystus Macmurtrei, G.-M., bore in the oak; the larve of Mgeria apiformis, Clerck, bore in the aller the larvee Be: Sesia acerni, Clemens, bor@in the maple; and there are others of like habits. Turning our attention to the trees again. There is a White Cedar. Cedar is not plentiful on the Eastern Township farms. The man who owns a cedar swamp owns a mine of wealth for Cedar is of great value for shingles. There are. however, extensive tracts of cedar elsewhere. At Grand Metis, a company, called the “Grand Metis Lumber Company”’ is operating. This firm cuts, I am told, from 150,000 to 200,000 logs per year, out of which they manufacture from 50,000, 000 to 65,000,000 shingles in the same period. They ship their output by rail to the New England States. One thousand feet, log measure, will yield about 8,000 shingles (32 bundles of 250 shingles each). First quality shingles are worth from $4.00 to $4.35 per thousand, deliv- ered at New England points. The duty at the border is 30 cents per thousand. Cedar, to the lumber firms, is about twice as remunerative as spruce. 144 THE REPORT OF THE . No. 19 The White Birch is another valuable tree. The spools which are of use all over the world are made from its wood. There are districts in which the White Birch (or “Bouleau,’”’ as the French call it) grows abundantly. Such a tract is that from Matane to Cap Chat, on the south coast of the St. Lawrence. The firm operating in that part of the country is James Richardson & Co. The timber is sawn into strips 14 to 6 feet long, 2 inches broad, 2 inches deep. The white wood only is used; the heart wood is laid aside for fuel. The strips of white wood are tied up in bundles, and shipped from Matane, in Norwegian sailing vessels, to Coats & Co., of Glasgow, who with some associated companies have the spool business entirely in their own hands. The vessels that convey the spool wood to Scotland, when taking in cargo at Matane lie half a mile, or more, from the shore; and the lumber is carried out to them in scows, open boats and schooners. 3,000,000 feet of spool-wood board measure is exported from the Matane district every year. Observe that small tree with blossoms resembling hops. It is the Hop Hornbeam or Iron Wood (Ostrua virginica). Young trees of this kind and young ash trees furnish the farmer with levers firm and good. Speaking of levers, this incident came under my observation some years ago:—A farmer made a “Bee’’ for the purpose of drawing sawlogs to the mill. The neighbours came. On entering the wood, those who were not already supplied cut levers for themselves. An emigrant, who had been engaged by one of the men, observing this, cut a lever for himself. The work commenced. The emigrant made a great show of strenuous effort—it was but a show. The man beside him called out, ‘‘Lift man, lift!’? Then he added, “Let me see your pry.’’ Holding this up, he shouted, “A basswood ! A basswood!’’ A roar of contemptuous laughter followed from the other men. The immigrant stood amazed. In his ignorance of the nature of the wood, he did not know that his pretentious ineffectiveness had been exposed. Even the bushes around us are worthy of attention. There is the Moose- wood, also called Wicopy (Dirca palustris). You cannot break a stick of it— the rind is too tough; but the wood, when peeled, is remarkably brittle. The farmers, when short of string, use strips of the bark, which is pliant as well as tough, for tying up the mouths of their sacks of grain, etc. As we make for home, let us consider the condition of things in some parts of the country. It is grievous to see the way in which farms are often mismanaged. Men with little means and less judgment, buy farms “fon time’”’ at more than their value. To meet their payments these men have to part with every-. thing that will bring money. They have not wherewithal to purchase suf- ficient stock; and they sell the hay off their land year after year, impover- ishing the farms more and more. They cut down their woods, and sell the maple for fuel, and the spruce for pulp wood. Where there are chemical works within reach the denudation of the land goes on rapidly, for hard wood is in demand for the distillation of wood alcohol, and other wood for feeding the furnaces in the work. By and bye the farm will be so unpro- ductive that the owner will have to leave it. According to the latest reports there are in Rhode Island 228 abandoned farms. In Massachusetts the abandoned and waste land amounts to one- tenth the total area of the state. But wealthy and intelligent men are now buying up the abandoned tracts and planting them with trees. One of them this year has planted 63 acres with white pine, and intends to plant 50 acres per year for the next ten years. See the “Richford Gazette’’ for October 9th, 1908. i 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 145 Our own people should seize every suitable opportunity for tree-planting. They should put in trees for wind-breaks to their homesteads and orchards, shade trees for their roadsides, ornamental trees for their lawns and parks, young fruit trees to supply gaps in their orchards, young maples to keep up their sugar woods, useful trees in every waste spot. In conclusion I would impress upon your minds the advice of an old North Countryman : ‘“* Be aye stickin’ in a tree. ’Twill be upwards creepin’ While ye are a-sleepin’. LIFE HISTORY OF EUCHAZTIAS OREGONENSIS (Stretch). By Henry H. Lyman, M.A., MontTreAt. On 10th July, 1898, I had a day’s collecting in High Park on the western outskirts of Toronto. Neonympha Canthus was abundant in the moist hollows and Satyrus Nephele was also flying. Thecla Edwardsti and Lycaena Scudderi were common, the former on Ceanothus Americanus a low spreading shrub with white flowers, and the latter coquetting with the blue flowers of the harebell. Thecla Acadica was also flying with Edwardsii and L. Neglecta, P. Troilus, much worn, P. Nycteis, Plusia Simplex, brown form, were also taken while L. Arthemis, P. Oleracea, presumably of second brood, were seen, as well as D. Archippus from the south leisurely ovipositing. While collecting the Theclas a white moth came flying around the same plant and wastaken. I saw it was a species of Huchetias new to me and as it was a female I kept it alive to secure eggs if possible. I subsequently learned that it was Oregonensis, but it had lost all the pale drab tone of the primaries and was practically white. Eggs, round, gum-drop shape, about as high as the diameter, which is .83 mm., shiny, but showing minute facets under a 2-inch power. Colour, honey-yellow when laid, turning dark lead colour just before hatching. Began hatching 18th July, and all but one were out on 19th. Egg period about 8 days. Young larva, length including forked tail 2.33 mm., the forked tail being .17 mm. This forked tail seemed marked under the microscope, but when larva was examined with ordinary pocket magnifier on 2lst, after it had fed the forking seemed less conspicuous. Head, rounded above, brown, darker on upper lobes, the lower part and median suture pale, with a few short hairs. Body after feeding green, yellowish-brown about warts which are dark brown or black. Sete mostly long, black; cervical shield brown. Wart III. cn abdominal segments has two sete. The sete on 4th segment are larger than on middle segments and project forward. On 5th segment the upper sete are nearly twice as long as on middle segments. On 11th to 13th segments they are also longer than on the middle ones, those on 12th and 13th being longer than on the 11th. Feet, dark brown, claspers greenish. For a wonder the specimen described kept quite still while its descrip- tion was being taken. The larve on hatching were placed on Asclepias, but did not fancy it. Mr. Winn suggested Dogbane (Apocynum Androsemi- folium) which was then supplied and accepted by the larve as satisfactory. 146 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19. On 22nd July they began passing first moult, the length after the moult being 4.7 mm. As I was leaving town early in the morning of Saturday, the 28rd to spend Sunday at Lake Memphremagog, I merely took the length expecting to be able to take the rest of the description on my return, but on the 26th recorded in my note book that the second moult had already been passed and made the following description : Stage III., after second moult. Length 8.6 mm. Head, rather small, rounded above, yellow, the ocelli, brown. Body, rather plump, greenish yellow, with a green dorsal stripe, more conspicuous on the abdominal segments. Hairs spreading, a few longer than the others on some of the anterior and posterior segments, yellowish. The lateral warts seem to be placed in depressions. Feet and claspers, yellowish. These larve matured very rapidly and on 28th the third moult was being passed. Stage IV., after third moult. Length before feeding about the same as when last taken. Head, yellow, mouth parts brownish. Body greenish yellow, the pul- sating vessicle showing as a green line. Hairs, long and silky, overhang- ing the head and anal extremity, light yellowish. Anal claspers, rather small and spreading. Feet and claspers, pale yellowish. The caterpillar under observation which had just passed the moult stood on its central abdominal claspers and raised both extremities, back to back, brushing them together to adjust the hairs. This it did repeatedly and with so much energy that it lost its hold and fell off the leaf. On 31st July all but two had passed the fourth moult. Stage V., after fourth moult. Length, 12.5 to 14 mm. Head, yellow, with tinge of orange, ocelli dark brown or black. Except when feeding or in motion the head is concealed by the hairs of the second and third seg- ments which overhang it. Body, pale greenish, the spreading hairs greenish yellow. There are a number of long hairs on the segment projecting for- ward over the head, and a few on the third and fourth segments which stand straight up or project slightly forward. These hairs are from three to four times as long as the other hairs. There are also a number of similar long hairs on the 11th, 12th and 13th segments which slope towards the rear. While I was describing these, at least about a half of them roused them- selves and began running about, especially around the rim of the jar, stop- ping every few seconds and sounding with their feet, raising the thoracic segments and striking a number of times and then going on again. They sometimes crawled part way down the outside of the jar, but generally crawled up again, not showing any disposition to go far from home. Two, however, crawled down to the table, but one of these crawled upon the tin cover of the jar and rested there. On ist August two were found to have passed the fifth moult, but no change in size was apparent. As I was leaving that evening for a brief trip to Tadousac on the lower St. Lawrence I had no time to make any detailed description of Stage VI. On 5th August the larve were passing the sixth and last moult and changing their appearance considerably, but also showing a good deal of variation. Some were mouse-gray all but the head which was still honey- yellow, while others were gray as to the skin, but with yellowish hairs and some had yellowish hairs with a few mouse-gray ones mixed in. These larve were perfectly healthy up to the time of my leaving Tadousac for home on the evening of 7th August. They had been perfectly ’ 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 147 easy to rear, developed rapidly and none had been lost, but I doubtless made the mistake of not separating them sufficiently as they approached maturity for on my arrival home on the morning of 9th August I found that a choleraic disease had broken out among them and several were dead. I immediately separated them into a number of jars which I had washed with a disinfecting solution of permanganate of potash, putting those that seemed quite healthy by themselves and those under suspicion by themselves. On 12th August one of those under suspicion spun a rather flimsy gray cocoon weaving in the hairs of its body, but by 21st August all the others had died in spite of all the care that was lavished upon them. Afterwards I found that the one which had spun its cocoon had not had sufficient vital- ity to pupate. I thus succeeded in working out the life history of the species, though my cabinet was not enriched with any bred specimens. Diameter of larval faces of the first six stages were .41, .58, .80, 1.12, 1.38, 1.67 mm. DR. JAMES FLETCHER. It is with the most profound regret that we record the death of our very dear friend, Dr. James Fletcher, which occurred on Sunday morning, November 8th. For the last two years his health had not been entirely sat- isfactory and for more than a twelve month he had been troubled more or less with an internal hemorrhage which caused him much inconvenience and discomfort at times, but which he did not regard as particularly serious. His cheery habit of mind caused him to treat lightly symptoms which would in most cases have excited much alarm. In the middle of September he went out to British Columbia on his annual visit and was absent from home for about six weeks. On his return his colleagues noticed that he had not benefited as much as usual by the trip, and that his appearance was by no means robust. But with characteristic energy he at once set to work to make the arrangements for the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Canada, which he desired should be one of the most successful in its history. As President for the second vear in succession, he expected to retire from office, but fully counted upon being present at Guelph and occupying the chair at the various sessions which were held on November the 5th and 6th. During the preceding week, however, he wrote saying that he was going to Montreal to consult a specialist, and might after all be unable to attend. He went down on Saturday the 31st of October, and was at once sent to the Royal Victoria Hospital, there to prepare for an operation. To the writer he sent a letter the following day expressing his great disappoint- ment at being laid up and prevented from coming to Guelph, but full of confidence in the wonderful power of modern surgery and with apparently no fears as to the result. The operation took place on the following Satur- day, but he failed, owing to his weak condition, to rally from it and the next morning he died. The operation revealed that he had been suffering for some time from a malignant tumour which had sapped his vitality and would very soon in any case have brought his life to a close. Up to the end he was cheerful and uncomplaining, free from despondency or anxiety about himself, and full of the happy optimism which had always been one of his charming characteristics. 148 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 Few men ever made so many loving friends in all walks of life; every one who came to know him could not fail to become warmly attached to him. There are many sad hearts grieving at his loss all over the Dominion of Canada and many, too, in widely seattered places in the United States. Old and young, rich and poor, learned or ignorant, children and their eld- ers, it made no difference—he had a kindly word for each one and most can treasure in their memories a kindly deed as well. When he addressed a meeting he captivated his audience at once and when he joined an excursion of nature students all were eager to be with him, and learn from him some of the secrets of the woods and fields that he knew so well. We shall not see his like again, but we may all feel that it was good for us to have known him—his memory will long live in our hearts—his noble words and generous deeds will be happy recollections for many a year to come. Dr. James Fletcher was born at Ashe in the County of Kent, England, on March 28th, 1852. He was educated at King’s School, Rochester, and came to Canada in 1874 to fill the position of a clerk in the Bank of British North America. Finding the work uncongenial after two years, he gave it up and became an assistant in the Library of Parliament at Ottawa. All his spare time he devoted to Botany and Entomology and became as years went on a recognized authority in each of thse branches of natural science. This led to his appointment as honorary Dominion Entomologist and Botan- ist and a year or two later to his taking up the work of these departments at the newly established experimental farm. This was in 1887 and for twenty-one years he has been a highly valued assistant to Dr. Saunders, the director, and long since became known throughout North America as one of the ablest scientific men of the day in his special departments. In 1878 he became a member of the Council of the Entomological Society of Ontario, and every year since he has been elected to hold some office in it, being four times Vice-President, and President for three years, from 1886 to 1888 and again from 1906 to the time of his death, when he had just been re-elected for another year. His first contribution to the Society’s publications was an article on Canadian Buprestide, which was published in the Annual Report for 1878, and his first contribution to ‘‘The Canadian Entomologist’’ appeared in January, 1880. During all the years that have followed no volume of either publication has been issued without some valuable articles from his pen. In 1879 he was one of the originators of the Ottawa Field Naturalists’ Club, the most successful society of the kind in the Dominion, and more recently he suggested, and by his energy and influence accomplished, the formation of the important Association of Economic Entomologists of North America, of which he was elected President in 1892. He was also one of the original Fellows of the recently formed Entomological Society of America, and was First Vice-President last year. In 1886 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society, of London, and in 1896 he received the degree of LL.D., Honoris causa, from Queen’s University. In 1885 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada; in 1895 he became President of Section IV., which is devoted to Geological and Biological Sciences. For many years he was Honorary Treasurer of the Society, and for the last two years Honorary Secretary. To the transactions of the Royal Society he contributed the following papers: Pre- sidential Address, 1895, on Practical Entomology; Recent Additions to the list of Injurious Insects of Canada, 1899; The Value of Nature Study in Education, 1901; Descriptions of some new Species and Varieties of Can- adian Butterflies, 1903; Notes on the Preparatory Stages of some Species of Canadian Lepidoptera, 1907. 1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 149 A list of his contributions to scientific and agricultural journals would occupy many pages, if such a list could be completely carried out. His most valuable publications were his annua] reports on the work of his depart- ment at the Central Experimental Farm and the Bulletins in connection with it, in which he gave accurate detailed descriptions ofa large number of injurious insects, and also his papers in the Annual Reports to the Legis- lature of the Entomological Society of Ontario. Two years ago he com- pleted an admirable work on the Farm Weeds of Canada, containing descriptions of all the most important weeds that are a trouble to agricul- turists throughout the Dominion; a handsome quarto volume illustrated with 56 beautiful coloured plates. Not only with his pen, however, did he perform useful work, but with his voice as well. He was in great demand as a public speaker at Agricul- tural, Horticultural, and Fruit-growers’ conventions, meetings of Farmers’ Institutes and other gatherings. On these occasions he at once secured the attention of his audience and charmed them with his graceful language and lively humour. No one else, indeed, has done so much for Canada in instructing the people in a practical knowledge of their worst insect foes and the best methods of dealing with them. His work has thus been of vast importance not only to those directly interested in the products of the soil, but indirectly to all the dwellers within the domains of this wide Do- minion. Though so fully occupied with scientific work he yet found time for other things. He was one of the most efficient members of St. Luke’s Hos- pital board; for many years lay-reader and superintendent of the Sunday school in Holy Trinity Church, Archville, a suburb of Ottawa; and an active member of the St. Andrew’s Brotherhood. His religious life as a devout son of the Church of England was known perhaps to but few amongst his intimate friends, though manifested in many ways through his goodness of heart; he lived and died an earnest, God-fearing man, devout and upright, zed with unobtrusive piety, a sincere Christian indeed “in whom was no guile.’’ While we deplore the loss that we all feel we have individually sus- tained, we desire to express to his sorrowing family, Mrs. Fletcher and her two daughters, the deepest sympathy with them in their sad bereavement. To them the loss is beyond all words, but it may afford them a ray of comfort to know that he whom now they mourn was so widely beloved, admired and respected and that so many friends share in their grief and are filled with sorrow for him who is gone. C. J. S. Beruune. Dr. is. O. Howarp, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology in the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Washington, a friend of many years standing, writes as follows: “Dr. Fletcher’s services to his country were very great. He had a wonder- ful grasp of a very broad field in Entomology, and was one of the best- informed men of his time on the intricate and manifold aspects of economic Entomology. His reports were sound and practical, and as a public speaker before assemblages of agriculturists and horticulturists he was unexcelled. His address years ago before the National Geographic Society in Washing- ton, on the Canadian Northwest, was one of the most perfect lectures I ever 150 THE REPORT OF THE No. 19 heard. He was known, admired and loved all through the States. In fact, I have never known a man who had so many absolutely devoted friends as Dr. Fletcher. His energy, his enthusiasm, his absorbing interest in every- thing that lives and grows, his warm heart, his cheeriness, his perfect lack of even a suspicion of egotism, attracted every one who knew him, and bound them to him in friendship, and even love, forever. Here in Wash- ae among the Entomologists and others there are many sad hearts to-day.”’ DR. WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD. On the 17th of October Dr. William Ashmead died in Washington, D.C., aged 53 years. For more than a year he was in such an unsatisfactory state of health that his recovery appeared impossible and it was therefore no surprise to learn that the end had at last arrived. His break down in the midst of a career of scientific usefulness was evidently brought about by overwork; he devoted himself with such intensity to the study of the Hymen- optera and the publication of the results that he gave himself no rest and literally wore himself out, to the grief and distress of his family and many friends. For close upon thirty years he was a constant contributor to the pages of “The Canadian Entomologist,’’ his first articles on insects affecting the orange, having appeared in 1879. At that time he lived in Jacksonyille, Florida, where he was engaged in the publishing business, which included the issue of a daily paper and a weekly agricultural journal. He was natur- ally much interested in the production of oranges and his attention thus became drawn to the insects injuring the trees and fruit and those parasitic forms that somewhat keep them in check. His work was so thorough that he was made a field Entomologist for the United States Department of Agri- culture in 1887, and began his career as a professional Entomologist. In 1890 he went to Germany and studied for some time in Berlin, thus becoming qualified for the performance of scientific work of a high char- acter. In July, 1897, he was appointed a Curator of the Department of Insects in the United States National Museum at Washington, and con- tinued to hold the position till incapacitated by illness. In October, 1904, he was elected an ‘‘Honorary Member of the Ento- mological Society of Ontario in recognition of his eminence in the science and the valuable contributions that he so constantly made to the pages of the ‘‘Canadian Entomologist.’ His studies were devoted to the Hymen- optera, and he published many systematic papers on various super-families in the order and described a large number of genera and species. His work was of such a high character that it is regarded as authoritative and has attracted the attention of the leading Entomologist of both Europe and America. One of his completed works is his Monograph of the Proctotry- pide, a volume of nearly 500 pages published in 1893. Most of his papers are to be found in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia and in the Canadian Entomologist. He received the honourary degree of Doctor of Science from the West- ern University of Pennsylvania and was the recipient of many distinctions from various Entomological Societies. Personally he was esteemed and beloved by all who knew him and there are many who now deplore his loss. C.J.S. B. INDE Pacer. Alder, galls affecting .................. 76 Amblyscirtes samoset .................. 63 American Tent Caterpillar .......... 116 Aphelinus BHBCUVONIIS | ..-:0. ccc 117,129 Hickory Bark-borer ...................- 24 fs Galls affecting .....r........ 83 Hippodamia 13-punctata ............. 54 Horse-balm, Gall affecting ........... 384 House-flies carriers of disease...... 30 Howard, L. O., articles by......... 121, 149 tuckleberry, Gall affecting ......... 34 Hymenoptera, Record of cap- TUPORS- oriee bbe sae ae Me een ec ae See eee 111 Hyperaspis signatus ............0--... 54 Indian Corn Insects ............++..2.++ 131 Indian Meal (Moth ........2..scscecuses 134 Insect pests of the season.15, 116, 128, 135 Ischinaspis longirostris ............... 52, 53 Teosomatritiel ~ 22... -c...<-2seres-<of Insects: T. W: F'yYnnEs <--.-....--- ~osneee 76 The Acarina, with a Host Index to the Species found in Ontario: T. D. Jarvis.. 82 The Entomological Record, 1909: ARTHUR GIBSON ........--2-00e0-ceeeeceeaee 110 In Memoriam, Dr. Wm. Brodie: PRANK MORBIS .....-...csescovcscecvuncucuse 129 VIMO ohare wicis. cress oes sare ave jelote reve era, a bie cuahate @.nrels/oletere ie loleieceisls kere sin gelexelnce/slelnsreeit = aa 131 [4d FORTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Entomological Society of Ontario 1909. To the Honourable James S. Duff, Minister of Agriculture. Sir,—I have the honour to present herewith the Fortieth Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, which contains the proceedings of the forty- sixth annual meeting of the Society, which was held at the Agricultural College, Guelph, on the 4th and 5th November, 1909. The report includes the papers read and the reports submitted by the various officers and branches of the Society. “The Canadian Entomologist,” the monthly organ of the Society, has been regularly issued during the past year, and has now completed its forty-first volume, which has maintained the high scientific standard of its long series of predecessors. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Cuaries J. 8S. BETHUNE, Editor. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. [5] Entomological Society of Ontario. OFFICERS FOR 1909-1910. President—TENNYSON D. Jarvis, B.S.A., Lecturer in Entomology and Zoology, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. Vice-President—EpMUuND M. WALKER, B.A., M.D., Lecturer in Biology, University ot Toronto. Secretary-Treasurer—J. Eaton Howitt, M.S.A., Lecturer in Botany, O. A. College, Guelph. Curator—Lawson CagEsaAk, B.A., B.S.A., Demonstrator in Entomology and Plant Dis- eases, O. A. College, Guelph. Librarian—Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M,A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., Professor of Entomology and Zoology, O.-A. College, Guelph. Directors: Division No. 1—ArtTHuR Greson, Department of Entomology, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Division No. 2.—C. E. Grant, Orillia. Division No. 3.— J. B. Witt1aMs, Toronto. Division No. 4.—C. W. Nasu, Toronto. Division No. 5—F. J. A. Morris, Port Hope: Division No. 6—R. S. Hamirton, Collegiate Institute, Galt. Division No. 7.—R. C. TREHERNE, Grimsby. Directors (Ex-Presidents of the Society).—ProFressor Wm. SAuNDERS, C.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S., Director of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion of Canada, Ottawa; Rev. C. J. S. Beruune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., Guelph; W. Hacur Harrineton, F.R.S.C., Ottawa; ProFressor JOHN DrEaARNESS, Vice-Principal Normal School, London; Henry H. Lyman, M.A., F.E.S., F.R.G.S., Montreal; Rev. THomas W. Fytes, D-C.L., F.L.S., Hull, P.Q.; ProFressor WM. LOCHHEAD, B.A., M.S., Macdonald College, P.Q.; JoHn D. Evans, C.E., Chief Engineer, Central Ontario Railway, Trenton. Editor of the “ Canadian Entomologist Rey. PRor. BETHUNE, Guelph. Delegate to the Royal Society—ReEv. Dr. Fytes, Hull, P.Q. Auditors—Pror. S. B: McCreapy, and J. W. Crow, B.S.A., O. A. College, Guelph [6] CANADIAN MEMBERS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Walker. ort sik Mes cic seers egie Toronto. Watson Drs Aw Elseit.tr.tewela-<'- Port Hope. Abbott, Drv AL Rees... ---Toromto, Webb, J. Hisstesceeetusesess Terentia » MISS A.esss.eee sees OIG. White, James? sae wcccecwces Snelgrove. Mes oac fs iach Wiliaws, IoBe sah. nee Toronto. ateteiata/ciaie NG ets ied Se eee ce eer ee 4 Baker, A. W., O.A.C......... Voung, C2 Heo... sesame: Ottawa. Bethune, Prof,, CEES Ola. Ch Gagitz Hed) OAC sere Guelph. place DAVIGSON. ........... Toronto. Blackmore, Miss E.......... = PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. ios, (3h, 122 SRA Gaara London 5 os “ Barwick, 1 Dail OLAS SR Baio nets Montreal. Brodie, Miss ........- -.....Toronto. Begin, Rev. Abbé, P. A..... Sherbrooke. Buchanan Dr. G. C......... Beamsville. Bickell, Miss .............. Quebec. ‘Caesar, Lawson, O.A.C....... Guelph. Boulton, A. R. M............ ss Goinan), dp eee London. Boulton, Capt. J. G........-- “ MilamieGrerory. <...-...:.%. . Toronto. Boulton, Mrs. ...-..--.--.-- : Cockburn, Miss A........... Hillside. Brainerd, Dwight .......... Montreal Collingwood, J. H........... Kintore. Burgess, Dr. T. J. W......-. Verdun. Creenh, J SS pees ge eee Toronto. Campbell, J. G...---....---- Magog. Dearness, Prof. J............ London. Chaeno) GUB Ve fcc. Montreal. iMunlops James .....2....... Woodstock. | Clark, Rev. Wylie C......... Quebec. Eastham, J. W., O.A.C......Guelph. Sern year iaon e i Ovios, J, SSeS ees Trenton , College. meiner et MOPALC Ss. os eee . Guelph. Darling, Hy M. Be. ..- esos. Montreal. Gibson, Arthur ............. Ottawa Delisle, A. M..........-+--- i 1 Orillia Bren y Wiss seeaisinnieininienin «== * és JSR ES enone sgondes . Ottawa. ere oe a eases see Py PETRIRITEPMPEASANER so 's,0 s.o.0'0.010.c.0 00.0 . Toronto. CRP aN a) Mayme aecaeree sein? = Freeman, Miss I. H......... Quebec. (SEs 1081s 0 aaa Sudbury. Fyles, Mrs Hull SPPRRIPEERIEEL I ala ein, « cic.e.o'e- = a0 6.0 Toronto. ; NE ra ieee a . Hamilton, R. S.............. Galt. Pe Aik a ane a Sekar iimeton, W.. H........... Ottawa. 5 2 et wr ohn eee he a a Heh. Dr. C. G me Gibbs Lachlan ete .cee-e< . . a MTew ee ween nen 7 “ Meme W. H.............. Toronto. rice aie ee es * edge, Miss Louisa......... Levis. Howitt, J. B., O.A.C......... Guelph. Huard, Rev. Victor 7 Elis, Too 5e35eseeeeeeee Matheson. SPATS ry Ma Ee coe out = a nie Yaa Ivy, M. eee veces ccccssccce Toronto Kollmar, E. Peer cere cites ce-c Montreal Sue eT (OLAC.. 2... 000 Guelph. Lindsay, Col. Crawford...... Quebec. a =e wee seeeeees Peis Lochhead, Prof. ............ Macdonald MP OPALC.. cic cece cee x1 . College. ee ao ett eee eseeeeeee eee: Tymany (EH seek eee Montreal. Taine = (sO b COC DDOODDDOBE ionee. MEER Miss 5 eae pane 5 p De soccer ce cer ecesccece oore eo Meneses ontrea (bic (eerie London. Norriss Ag) Bun ccssscotcor cat McCready, Prof. S. B., 0.A.C.Guelph. Parkins ihe ye Jism sec eeer “ PRIMNEIE PASE clclsic'ec.clc cee sicc ss . Toronto. Poston, Mrs. Mt eA arerisltetrer Levis. Moore, T. J. .............. -- Guelph. Robertson, Miss ............ Quebec. RENEE AS ern cic voces esas Uyde Park Rowland 7 AS vo for-cistets eareeie a5 Windsor Mills. : Corners. Sonthees (Ga Ween. miceisclele l= Outremont. bie Es RUMMERC Ilera si.cic ses oe Port pee Sine ARE lcs coasucage Macdonald 3c LUGS) SOc Toronto. College. Clon. WL SASS ae Se Symonds, Rev. Dr. ......... Montreal. Wises otcin créicices cece “ Tourchot:, (Ax) Varssgesie=5 2 ec St. Hyacinthe. oa ee BO a aeetss o Suelut Stes Ura ee Slelsteresie Quebec. rson, TUG) SAS eeee uondon. urner, Hon. Richard....... J Soidiet 1: OS eee Toronto. Turner yews Hex ieiteieieien siete “ memmners, W. H...........0. London. WY AG: a MSs) "coe caicts aicieseve ate = New Stine Sch Toronto. Liverpool. Slater, A. E., O.A.C......... Guelph. Weir, Douglas .............. Macdonald RMItHeCATONUT. 2602002006 ...Toronto. College. Maaiisiewt)) D2 OA.C........... Guelph. Wastfiel Qe IMIS a rote cicievetnloie/nierarere Quebec. Treherne, R. C., O.AC....... ms Vigiiiny Vs er odanocoGdDooc: Montreal. 8 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 CANADIAN MEMBERS.—Continued. ALBERTA. Nova Scorta. Baird PROS pene eosaee ee High River. Ghase! Wa cit eee Wolfville Dod, F. H. Wolley..........Millarville, Hervey; Cols @asc eee Round Hill. : Mackay DreeAs Eee eel Halifax. Sees Cole Payne. (0. iG3- (5 .cc eee Granville Abercrombie, Miss Ivy...... Vancouver. Ferry. Anderson. sh Iss... ccc Victoria. Russell, Johns .%. o- sess Digby. ANGELSONG Ieee a eee ore ae se Bryanitie To soos encase ste Ladysmith. Bushey “A> GH. eee. ne Vancouver. SASKATCHEWAN. Cockle: J. Wis on nts ioe eee oe Kaslo. . Croker Arse oe nee Victoria. Androchowicz ...:: mpeemsce < Humboldt. Dashwood-Jones, W. H......New West- Vili SRS IN See rignio sais mor Regina. minster. IDEN a (CaO OR eB Raa aC enCages Dunean’s Stn. ts Draper: GRA socks ss sce Hillcrest. HONORARY MEMBERS. iot 3 Pecte oie is atexe\o ist eran Ji ia. Ree emenise rT ri 7a Kuithle Crk, Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A.....Boulder, Col. Hanhinia AGW. nets ses Duncan's Gui. Cresson.» Baraq heures Philadelphia, Harvey, aha cece Victoria. F Pa. Keen sReya ds bleesac nectac: Metlakatla. Howard, Dr. L. O..........- Washington, Tuscompe ce ocean ee eee Cowichan Bay. D.C. Marrion, (Hoi. sies cscs. snes Vancouver. Scudder, Dr. S. H...-........ Cambridge, Masons. vig Gute ccicicrvsreteicre Copper River. Mass. Reedyih (RAyNeSS. nn 2s Victoria. Smith Erol. ol. ebeete cece New Bruns- SHeEMIAHE Hee Serie rien cece Vancouver. _ wick, N.J. Siinners By seMe ceteris ae Duncan's “Stine Whier “Ps Gt. eee Baltimore, Taylor. Rev: ‘(Gs We... 2.0... Departure N : Bay, Nanaimo. webster, F. M.....-.----+-+- Washington, Van Steenweyk, Miss........ Vancouver. D.C. Venables, His Pos. -.ss-es ee Vernon. . + Wind nS see Fi Wickham, Prof. H. F........ Iowa sa VAL RG) nie BeBe ar aaa eaec Vancouver. MANITOBA. Lire MEMBER. ri pe NORMAN (2035, ee Aweme. os eeu ats ing Cee Caeriasisht. Saunders, Dr. William...... Ottawa. Hunter, Rev. A. J........-.- Teulon. Director of the Experimen- NUIT A Gh Sine so oborns Winnipeg. tal Farms of the Dominion. Entomological Society of Ontario. ANNUAL MEETING. The forty-sixth annual meeting of the Society was held at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, November 4th and 5th. During the day meetings the chair was taken by the President, Mr. Tennyson D. Jarvis, and at the evening session by Dr. Bethune. Amongst those present were Messrs. H. H. Lyman and A. F. Winn, Montreal; Dr. C. G. Hewitt and Mr. Arthur Gibson, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa; Mr. J ohn D. Evans, Trenton ; Mr. F. J. A. Morris, Trinity College School, Port Hope; Dr. EK. M. Walker and Messrs. C. W. Nash and J. B. Williams, Toronto; Mr. R. C. Treherne, Grimsby' President Creelman, Profs. C. A. Zavitz, R. Harcourt, S. B. McCready, C. J. S. Bethune, Messrs. Jarvis, Howitt, Caesar, Eastham, Crow, Klinck, of the staff, and a large number of the students of the Ontario Agricultural College and the Macdonald Institute, Guelph. Letters expressing regret at their inability to attend were received from Prof. C. C. James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Ontario; Dr. William Saunders, Director of the Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa; Rev. Dr. Fyles, Hull, P.Q.; Messrs. Paul Hahn and A. Cosens, Toronto; G. Chagnon, Montreal; C. E. Grant, Orillia; W. E. Saunders and J F. Calvert, London; R. S. Hamilton, Galt; Prof. W. Lochead and Mr. J. M. Swaine, Macdonald College, P.Q., and others. A business meeting of the Council was held in the Biological Building, at which their report was drawn up and various matters discussed. On motion it was decided to contribute the sum of fifty dollars to the fund for the erection of a memorial drinking fountain to the late Dr. James Fletcher at the Experimental Farm, Ottawa. In the afternoon the Society met at 2 o’clock in the Biological Lecture room, where there was a goodly attendance of members and students. The first order of proceedings was the reading of the reports of the Directors on the noteworthy insects of the year in their respective districts. Owing to various circumstances, none were received from Mr. C. E. Grant, of Orillia, representing Division No. 2, nor from Mr. R. S. Hamilton, Galt, of Division No. 6. REPORTS ON INSECTS OF THE YEAR. Division No. 1.—Orrawa Disrrict. By ARTHUR Gipson, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FarM, OTTAWA. The season of 1909 in the Ottawa District, although cool and late in spring, was an excellent one for growth of all kinds. The rainfall during the whole season was rather above normal, and there was, comparatively speaking, but little hot weather, and this not until the middle of August. Injurious insects, as a whole, were not so troublesome as they were in 1908. The following notes probably cover those insects which were most complained of in the District during the past season. 10 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 ATTACKING FIELD Crops. The Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor, Say.) which was troublesome near Ottawa in 1908, was not reported as present in 1909. On the Central Experi- mental Farm, where it occurred last year, no trace of its work could be detected this year. Grasshoppers were decidedly desiructive in many localities near Ottawa, par- ticularly in places where the soil is light. On June 21st I received a report that these insects were causing much anxiety to farmers near Buckingham, Que., about 23 miles from Ottawa. It was stated that they were present in that district in “countless millions.” Up the Gatineau River grasshoppers were enormously abund- ant, and many complaints were made concerning their ravages. On July 29th I drove from Maniwaki to Baskatong, Que., a distance of about 40 miles, and saw the insects in great swarms. Oats, which are largely grown in the Gatineau country, were much damaged, also timothy; the crops in some fields being entirely eaten. At Baskatong I visited a large field of turnips, the tops of many of which had been completely eaten, and what remained was rapidly being devoured by the grass- hoppers. At Castor, Que., which is about half way between Baskatong and Mani- waki, one farmer had sown turnips twice and had lost both crops. On July 30, the grasshoppers were working in his oat and wheat fields. I was much amused at a method which was being adopted to save the crop of turnips at Baskatong. A s mall boy was kept walking up and down the rows of turnips with a branch in his hand, with which he endeavoured to drive off the grasshoppers. Of course, almost as soon as he had passed, the insects immediately swarmed back to the plants and continued their work of destruction. The species which was responsible for the damage was the Lesser Migratory Locust, Melanoplus atlanis, Riley. I advised them to try the Criddle mixture, which had given such remarkable results in Manitoba. The following quotation is from a letter.I recently received from Mr. Criddle, of Treesbank, Man., who devised this mixture: “There has been another rather bad outbreak of locusts here, which has necessitated several appli- cations of the Criddle mixture. The result has been entirely satisfactory, the mix- ture having undoubtedly prevented much damage. I was beginning to be afraid that I had over-estimated the value of horse droppings as an attraction, but I am glad to find that such is not the case.” The Grain Aphis (Macrosiphum granaria, Kirby) was present in large num- bers in the Ottawa District. In the Gatineau country I saw many fields, at the end of July, which were infested. Fortunately, the outbreak, as usual, was attended by parasites which greatly reduced the numbers of the plant lice. Some fields of cats, however, at the above date, looked as if they had been much weakened by the attacks of this insect. The Greater Wheat-stem Maggot (Meromyza Americana, Fitch.) was con- spicuously present in wheat near Ottawa. Larve collected on July 9th were apparently full-grown, being about a quarter of an inch in length. In some experi- mental wheat plots on the Central Experimental Farm the “silver tops” or “dead- heads,” as they have been called, were rather abundant, but were not present, how- ever, in sufficient numbers to affect materially the resultant crop. They were especially noticed among wheat of the variety called “Bishop.” The Apple-leaf Hopper (Empoasca mali, LeB.) which did so much harm in eastern Ontario in 1908, was again present on potatoes in injurious numbers in the Ottawa district. Its work was supplemented very much this year, however, by the Potato Aphis and the Potato Flea Beetle, particularly the former. On October 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 11 » 6th, I was present in a field when the potatoes were being harvested, and was sur- prised to see the crop so poor. I was told that the above insects were largely responsible for the small crop. On the 14th of September, when examining some potatoes, I noticed many of the nymphs of the Apple Leaf Hopper, and on the same day in an orchard close by, the adults were flying in thousands around apple trees. On July 14th some of the mature insects were noticed on potatoes on the Experimental Farm. Up to this date I had not heard of any damage in the Ottawa district by this insect. The Potato Flea Beetle (Zpitrix cucwmeris, Harr.), besides injuring potatoes, as above mentioned, attacked to a very noticeable extent a number of plants of the Wonderberry which were growing a short distance away. The Flea Beetle was not present in the district in such numbers this year as it was in 1908. Asa tule it is more numerous in hot dry summers. Root Maggots were not much complained of in the district during 1909. They were present, of course, as they always are, but as far as I can learn, not much damage has been done by them. On the Experimental Farm, for instance, hardly an onion was destroyed by these larve. On September 14th I saw them working to some extent in an experimental row of winter radishes. Cutworms were present, as usual, in injurious numbers. At Carp, about 20 miles from Ottawa, an outbreak occurred towards the end of June. Mr. Sirett, the resident representative of the Ontario Department of Agriculture, reported the matter to me, but unfortunately specimens of the larve were not received. Mr. Sirett thought, however, that the species was the Variegated Cutworm, Peridroma saucia, Hbn. Injury was done to field crops, but just what these crops were, I did not hear. About the middle of July the Red-backed Cutworm was present in fair numbers in a large field of mangels on the Experimental Farm. The larve on the 15th July were about full-grown. An application of poisoned bran soon stopped any further injury. The Striped Cucumber Beetle (Diabrotica vittata, Fab.) was particularly numerous during the past season. It appeared on some cucumbers in my garden on June 15th, just as the plants were up nicely. On July 3rd I saw many in copu- lation. At Billings Bridge, near Ottawa, it was particularly reported to be injur- ing squashes. It also to some extent attacked melons, and was complained of by many of our market gardeners. As this beetle is very active, any application of poison must be frequently renewed. The leaves should be dusted with Paris green mixed with land plaster or lime in the proportion of one pound of the poison to fifty of the diluent, if necessary every second day. Bordeaux mixture is also a useful remedy for this insect as well as for the Cucumber Flea Beetle which often does serious injury. The Black Blister Beetle (Zpicauta pennsylvanica, DeG.) appeared suddenly at several places in the district, and did locally noticeable damage, particularly to potatoes and tomatoes. Plants in flower gardens were also attacked, and in some instances the foliage completely eaten. In one garden near Ottawa 100 splendid Clematis plants were defoliated, the beetles appearing on the 23rd June. On June 28, they were present in conspicuous numbers in the Arboretum of the Central Experimental Farm and were attacking plants of the genus Thalictrum, in the perennial border. As is well known, these beetles in their larval form are predaceous on the eggs of grasshoppers, so generally speaking it is not advisable to destroy them with arsenical sprays. They can often be driven from a crop by several boys walking across it and waving from side to, side a bough of spruce or other conspicuous branch. As these beetles are easily disturbed they will fly ahead, and on reaching the edge of the crop will disperse and as a rule not return 12 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 ATTACKING Fruit Crops. The fruit crop in the Ottawa district was on the whole a very fair one. Weather conditions have been excellent for the maturing of fruit. Insects have not been especially destructive, and growers who sprayed their trees regularly were not much troubled. The Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomonella, L.) did a good deal of damage in unsprayed orchards in Eastern Ontario. The intelligent fruit growers of the district, however, were not troubled to any serious extent by this insect. A friend who lives at Aylmer, Que., about 9 miles from Ottawa, told me that every apple in his garden was wormy. He had, of course, neglected to spray his trees. Plant lice were the insects which were most abundant in orchards in the district during the past year. The season has been a remarkable one for plant lice of all kinds. Apple and plum trees were badly attacked, and where small trees were infected, serious damage resulted. During the early part of June the plant lice were enormously abundant in orchards near Ottawa, but towards the end of the month it was noticed that important parasites were appearing and doing splendid work in reducing their numbers. When orchard trees become badly infested with plant lice, it is a difficult matter to destroy the insects, on account of the curled up condition of the leaves, making it almost impossible to reach the insects with any contact insecticide. In eastern Canada, fortunately, these insects do not, as a rule, seriously injure apple trees, but in British Columbia, the Apple Aphis is in some years decidedly destructive, and frequent treatment is neces- sary. The Woolly Aphis of the Apple was fairly prevalent in the Ottawa district during the past season. On September 14th, I saw a number of young apple trees which were much infested. The Pear-tree Slug (Hriocampa cerasi, Peck.) was again noticeably present on plum and cherry. The foliage of some trees examined in September was much eaten by the slimy dark coloured slugs of this sawfly. The insect is one which is easily controlled by spraying with any of the arsenical poisons. The Currant Worm (Pteronus ribesii, Scop.) was complained of by growers of currants. The second brood of larve were very numerous in a large patch of red and white currants near Ottawa on July 12. They first appeared a few days before this date, and were quickly stripping the bushes of their foliage. The first brood of this insect, which appears when the leaves are attaining full size, are easily controlled by Paris green or arsenate of lead, but for the second brood, which appears just as the fruit is ripening, white hellebore is recommended, either dusted upon the bushes, or applied as a spray, one ounce in two gallons of water. The first brood should be treated thoroughly so as to reduce the numbers of the sec- ond brood. The Currant Aphis (Myzus ribis, L.). Almost wherever currants were grown the past season they were attacked by large numbers of this plant louse. In eastern Ontario we received many complaints of the work of this insect. Unfortunately, unless the bushes are sprayed with kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap, as soon as the aphides appear, and before they cause the leaves to blister and curl, it ‘is difficult to get good results from the work. It is necessary to force the liquid well up beneath the leaves. This can be done by attaching a piece of bent pipe, bearing the nozzle at the end, to the rod of the sprayer. 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 13 ATTACKING Forest AND SHADE TREES. Cankerworm larvee were more abundant in the spring of 1909 than they were in 1908. On the 4th June they were half grown. At Beechwood, just outside of Ottawa, beech trees were badly attacked, the result of their depredations being easily seen. When ornamental trees are attacked by these caterpillars, it is import- ant to apply the arsenical poison while they are small. They can then be easily killed at the ordinary strength used for leaf-eating insects. When they are more than half an inch long they are a good deal more difficult to kill, and consequently much stronger sprays must be used. The Spiny Elm Caterpillar (Huvanessa antiopa, L.) was abundant on elm trees throughout the district. On June 21, larve about one and a quarter inches long were noticed. Specimens which were collected had become full grown and changed to chrysalids by July 10. The species is intermittently abundant at Ottawa, and some years it is not an uncommon sight to see small elm and willow trees entirely stripped of their foliage. Elm trees seemed to be particularly attacked by insects during the past sea- son. The Woolly Elm-leaf Aphid was very abundant and many enquiries were received concerning it. By the middle of June the conspicuous colonies were much noticed. The Cockscomb Gall was also numerous in the district, the leaves of many elm trees being covered with these galls. Near Maniwaki, Que., on July 29, I saw large numbers of the Plum Gall, Pemphigus ulmiafuscus. The galls were large and on most of the leaves of the infested trees there were at least two and very often three or four galls present. The Spruce Budworm (Tortrix fumiferana, Clemens.) This insect caused much anxiety among the lumbermen of the Ottawa district. Reports were received from the upper Gatineau that some insect was ravaging the spruce and balsam forests, and as a result I was sent up into the infested area to find out the nature of the trouble. The result of this investigation is given in a separate paper which I hope to present shortly. At Ottawa, thousands of the moths were noticed flying around bushes and trees of all kinds on July 20th. They were even abundant all through the city, and on almost any bush or tree being disturbed, many of the moths would fly out from the foliage on which they were resting. The Larch Sawfly (Nematus EPrichsonii, Hartgn.) was also very prevalent wherever larches were growing. It was noticed in considerable numbers on some ornamental larches on the Experimental Farm, on July 20, and at this time the lary were about full grown. Up the Gatineau River from Ottawa as far north as Baskatong, I noticed all through this area at the end of July the results of the work of this larve. Many trees were entirely stripped of their foliage. Along the railway, between Ottawa and Monireal, the defoliation of these handsome trees was also conspicuous. The work of the Spruce Sawfly was also noticed to some extent north of Maniwaki, and larve were found to be full grown on July 30. At this date most of the larve had disappeared. The Bronze Birch Borer (Agrilus anzius, Gory.) is seriously injuring birches in the Ottawa district. The result of the work of this insect is easily seen at the Central Experimental Farm, where practically all of the cut-leaved birches are dying. This insect has not been mentioned very much in Canada as yet, but in northern portions of the United States it has done a good deal of damage. The presence of this borer is soon shown by the dying of the tops of the trees. This 14 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 is owing to the fact that the insect first attacks the tops, which results in the kill- ing of the upper limbs. The Fall Webworm (Hyphantria tector, Harr.) was again present in con- spicuous numbers throughout Carleton County. Larve were seen to be just emerg- ing from the eggs at Ottawa on July 8, and a small nest on lilac was observed on Tuly 14, the caterpillars in which were only a day or two old. Full grown larve were noticed as late as the 6th October. ATTACKING GARDEN PLANTS. The Tarnished Plant Bug (Lygus pratensis, L.) was very troublesome in gardens the past season. As is well known, this insect not only does injury by sucking the juices from the leaves, but it also pierces the flowers of many plants, thus destroying them. In September the adults were present in thousands around apple and other trees. As they pass the winter in this state, beneath almost any surface shelter, it is important that all garden rubbish be burned in autumn, so as to reduce the hibernating quarters for this and other kinds of injurious insects. The Destructive Pea Aphis (Nectarophora pisi, Kalt.) was again present in 1909 in the district, on sweet peas in gardens. The first colonies were noticed on July 26. At this date I could not find any winged specimens. The attack, how- ever, was not nearly so severe as the outbreak of 1908. In early September I noticed that the parasite Megorismus Fletcheri, Crawford, which was described in the Canadian Entomologist last March, from Ottawa material, was present in goodly numbers. From parasitized plant lice collected on September 2nd, I secured a further series of the parasites, the specimens emerging on September 15. Many plants in gardens were seriously injured during the past season by Red Spider. At the Central Experimental Farm, towards the end of July, Phloxes particularly were seen to be dying from the work of this mite. Few garden plants are free from its attack, and as these creatures are so small, their work is generally unnoticed until a good deal of harm has been done. Flowers of sulphur are use- ful in destroying Red Spider and may be applied in the proportion of one ounce to every gallon of water. As the mites occur chiefly on the underside of the leayes, the spray should be forced up from beneath so as to reach them. The interesting and rare little Tortrix (Sparganothis flavibasana, Fern.) was again rather destructive on a few bushes of Lonicera of the Caprifolium group at the Central Experimental Farm. This is the third year in succession that this insect has appeared on the same bushes. This year the larva were mature on June 15. Drvistion No. 3.—Toronto District. By J. B. WILurAms. The Tussock Moth has been, as usual, quite plentiful on many of the shade trees in the city streets. At the beginning of the summer the Park Commissioner had many of the trees sprayed with arsenate of lead, and later on, towards the fall, several gangs of men were employed to collect the cocoons; but the city appropriation was not sufficient to do the work thoroughly, and as a further grant was refused, the work of collecting the cocoons has come to an end for the present year, just at the time when it might be most successfully pursued. Early in the summer one of the Park Commissioner’s men brought me a sample of Elm bark covered with a scale that was doing much damage to several 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 15 trees. I sent it to Mr. Gibson at Ottawa, and he determined it as the Woolly Elm- Bark Aphid (Schizoneura Rileyi). They have treated some of the infested tree: with whale oil, as Mr. Gibson recommended, and found the results satisfactory. The Aphid seems, at first, to have been confined to small trees; but Mr. Cameron, the Park Commissioner’s assistant, says that it has also begun to attack the small branches of the larger Elm trees, and he fears that it will give them a good deal of trouble before it is eradicated. Prof. Ramsay Wright had during this summer a good many of his dahlias injured by a bug, which pierces the plant just below the flower bud, and so spoils the blossom. He brought a specimen down to the Museum, but it- was mislaid somewhere so that I cannot give the name of the species. I asked another gentleman, who grows dahlias in the west end of Toronto, if his plants had been injured in this way. He replied that he had not seen any bugs on them, but his dahlias had been a failure this year. Perhaps the bugs may have done some of the mischief without being detected in it. Division No. 4.—East Toronto District. By C. W. NasH, Toronto. The summer of 1909 was remarkable for the dearth of insect life in this neighborhood. Even such butterflies as the Cabbage White, Clouded Yellow and _ Monarch were remarkably scarce and little or no damage was done by the larve of the Cabbage butterfly in the large market gardens of East York. The Monarch (Anosia archippus), which usually appears early in June was not seen until the first week in July. From that time to early September, when the southward flight takes place, only an occasional specimen was visible. No great host of these insects passed from east to west when migrating as in former years, so that if they do not breed in the south this winter it would seem probable that the species would be very rare in Canada next summer. Papaipema cataphracta, the larve of which, by boring into the stems of plants, have during the last few years done much mischief in flower and vegetable gardens, were not noticed at all this season nor did I find P. purpurifascia in the roots of Aguilegias. It would be interesting to know the cause of the almost total disappearance of Cosmopepla carnifer. For some years this insect increased yearly with astonish- ing rapidity, reaching its maximum in 1907, when the stems of all the Aquilegias, Penstemons and some few other plants grown near here were literally covered with them. In 1908 their numbers were greatly reduced and this last summer I only saw one specimen. There were no evidences of parasites having attacked them. It seems probable, therefore, that weather conditions of last winter were unfavour- able and that they perished while hibernating. The larve of the Tussock Moth though extensively parasitized in 1908 were about as abundant as usual on the shade trees of Toronto. Various matters referred to in the Directors’ Reports were discussed by Messrs. Caesar, Treherne, Hewitt, Bethune, Jarvis, Tothill, Nash, Gibson and others. The Woolly Aphis was stated to be rarely found on the roots of apple trees in the Niagara district; it hibernates as a stem-mother in the crevices of bark, and early in spring new colonies are produced. It was reported that in many parts of Ontario, where grasshoppers were so abundant this year, the Criddle mixture was found to 16 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 be entirely effective, though in one or two localities complaint was made that the grasshoppers would not touch it. This failure may have been caused by some defect in making the mixture or in the mode of application. In Manitoba this year it has proved to be an excellent remedy. The Tussock Moth was said to be on the increase in country districts, though largely kept in check by its parasitic enemies. In Toronto the methods employed for its control were much criticized; spraying was done towards the end of July when a large proportion of the caterpillars had ceased feeding; those in charge of the operation had so little experience that they used nozzles that were too coarse, and allowed the pavement and roadway to receive more of the arsenicals than the trees. Subsequently the gathering of cocoons was begun much too soon and then the appropriation was exhausted and further supplies refused when this part of the work might have been performed most effectively. OBSERVATIONS ON A FEW INSECTS OF THE SEASON. By Lawson Carsar, ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH. A year ago last June, when in the vicinity of Niagara-on-the-Lake, I hap- pened to notice a number of white pine trees that seemed to me to have an abnor- mally large number of dead twigs. On investigation it seemed evident that some sort of borer had hgen the cause of their death as every twig had a longitudinal hole in the wood and a considerable amount of castings at the entrance. No insects, however, were found in the tunnels or on any of the twigs examined. On the 21st of June of the present year I was in the same district and again examined the same trees. Once more it was clear that borers had been at work. After exam- ining as many twigs as time permitted four specimens of beetles were found in the tunnels. Two of these belonged to one species and the other two to another, but they were all apparently Scolytids. The larger species was not more than about half the size of the Shot-hole Borer (Scolytus rugulosus), and the smaller species was only half the size of the larger. Not having seen this injury elsewhere I thought that it might be the work of some dangerous pest that had just crossed the border and might later on spread through our pine forests. Accordingly I sent specimens of the injured twigs to Dr. Hopkins, of Washington, who has charge of Forest Insect investigations. No beetles were gent with the twigs because I supposed he would be perfectly familiar with their work and could tell me the cause without them. His letter 1s as follows: “T have your letter of the 22nd. instant and the specimen of white pine twig that has been injured by a beetle. I examined the specimen and find the work of the beetle, but to my great disappointment no insect could be found. This is a most interesting example of injury, differing from anything I have seen in the East, although I have seen something like it on the Pacific Coast and in the Rocky Mountain region. Therefore I wish you would send a good supply of infested twigs in order that I may be sure to get the beetle. It is evidently a scolytid, but without specimens it cannot be identified. The blighted appearance of the twig is similar to that which was very prevalent through- out northern New England last summer, but in our quite extensive investigations, in which many different causes were found for the dying of the twigs, we did not find evidence of the work of this insect. Therefore the matter is of special interest, and I hope you will send us plenty of specimens without delay, for fear that they may leave the twigs. After we have made a study of the matter we will be very glad to give you further information on the subject.” 1919 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 17 On receipt of this letter I at once sent all the specimens I had with a request that he keep one of each species and return the other two. A considerable num- ber of twigs were also sent through the kindness of Mr. Alfred Eastham, who hap- pened to be about to visit the infested district. Dr. Hopkins in reply to my note accompanying the specimens said: “J have your letter of the 1st. inst., and two spcimens of balsam mounts, also two specimens of beetles mounted on card points, and have just now received a bundle of pine twigs collected July 6th, at Niagara-on-the-Lake. “The beetles in balsam are evidently a species of Pityophthorus, but it is impossible to identify them beyond the genus when mounted in this way, and even the genus is uncertain. They are far better for identification mounted dry. The other two specimens on card points represent an undescribed species, evidently of the genus Conophthorus, and is allied to a number of species that we have found to be injurious to the living twigs of pine, Douglas fir, etc., in the Western States. I am retaining one of the speci- mens for further study, and am returning the others to you as requested. “The specimens of twigs are of unusual interest. A superficial examination seemed to indicate that they represented the common troubles investigated in New England last season, which were found to be due to several causes. A more thorough examination, however, revealed the fact that certain of the twigs with a peculiar grayish appearance were infested with living larve, apparently a Pityophthorus, and in one dead twig an adult Pityophthorus was found. We shall have no trouble in rearing these larve to the adult stage, after which we shall be able to identify them and shall write you further. “One or two forms of the twig blight are also represented by the specimens sent, one associated with a light yellow spot on the twig, which is believed to result from the presence of the nymph of spittle insects, which are often very abundant on pine twigs. Some of the twigs are also thickly infested with Chermes pinicorticis, which reduces the Vitality of the twigs and trees. These Chermes are of special interest, because they have alternate hosts, that is, one or more generations will develop on pine and then migrate to spruce, where they cause galls on the twigs, from which they migrate back to the pine, larch, etc., and there is one form of twig blight which is commonly met with where the white pine and spruce grow together. If, later in the season, you find that twig blight is developing under such conditions, I shall be very glad indeed to have specimens of the twigs.” Tt is too soon yet to expect any further word from Dr. Hopkins. I have not had much chance to visit districts where the white pine is found so that I cannot at present say just how far this insect has spread through the province, but since Dr. Hopkin’s last letter J have found its work in a pine grove about three miles south of Stoney Creek, and Mr. Jarvis has found it in Peel county near Inglewood. It is quite clear that if these beetles were to become very abundant they could do enormous damage to our pines. So far they can hardly be said to be very serious, although about five per cent., or possibly more of the twigs have been killed. Trees that were infested last year did not seem any worse infested this year. Tt must not be supposed that all the dead twigs seen on pine trees are killed by these insects, because in several districts numerous twigs had died, but on exam- ination there was no evidence of any insect work. Last year when in Prince Edward County I observed what was to me a new kind of injury on apples. It took the form of small, circular, brown, dead areas about one-quarter of an inch in diameter and one-eighth in depth. The skin over these cavities was always ruptured in the centre. Apples thus damaged were shown last year at our annual meeting, but no one seemed to know the cause. A few weeks after the meeting on looking over Prof. Crandal’s excellent bulletin on the Plum Curculio I felt convinced that this insect had done the injury; consequently this autumn I asked Mr. McVannel, the Agricultural Representative at Picton, to see whether he could find any of the Curculios at the work. He discovered two early in September, and on the twenty-fifth of the same month, while in the same county, I found four of the insects at these cavities, two of them having just finished making fresh ones. 18 THE REPORT OF THE No 36 The apples worst attacked so far as I could discover by a very limited inspec- tion were Golden Russet, Cranberry Pippin, Ben Davis and Snow. Spy and other varieties with very glossy surfaces seemed to escape. Some of the above mentioned varieties had as many as twenty injuries on a single apple, the majority of them usually being found near the calyx. Orchards that were not cultivated were, as one would naturally expect, much worse damaged than cultivated ones. This sort of injury is done by the newly emerged beetles before they hide away for the winter and seems to begin about the third week in August and continue to the first week in October or possibly a little later. It is rather remarkable that there is not considerable loss from this cause in the western counties of Ontario when it is so common in Prince Edward county and, as I have lately been informed, in the counties further east. Prof. Crandal states that in Illinois apples are often severely damaged by these feeding punctures, and Prof. Quaintance says that this sort of injury is especially common in the colder states and districts of North America. A few interesting cases of parasitism have been observed during the season. For the previous two years the Shot-hole Borer (Scolytus rugulosus) has been doing great destruction to cherry, peach and plum trees in the Niagara district. Some fruit-growers lost as high as sixty trees in a single year. Many were afraid that the destruction would increase year by year and endanger the fruit industry. Very fortunately this year the borers have not done nearly so much damage. The reason for this seems to be solely the great increase in parasites. Early in the season, from a small piece of branch only a few inches long, I reared fourteen parasites. In September, while visiting St. Catharines and the surrounding district, numerous parasites could be seen on trees that had been attacked by the borers. A number of these were brought back and proved to be the same as most of those reared in the spring. All the parasites obtained so far are Chalcids, and much the commoner species is, so far as I have been able to determine it, Chiropachys colon. On the trip on which the parasites of the Shot-hole Borer were found in abund- ance I was also requested to have a look at a maple tree that was said to be covered with some species of scale. On examining it I saw that, the insect was the much dreaded Terrapin Scale (Hulecanium nigrofasciatum). On first sight I felt sure that the tree would have to be cut down and burned, but on closer evidence it was seen that nearly all the adult scales had been parasitized and there were only a comparatively small number of the living immature scales present. As it was quite clear that the parasites were looking after the scale in a satisfactory manner I informed the owner of the tree that he need not do anything except leave these friends to fight the battle for him. One regrets to have to report that two of cur worst insects have spread to new districts. The San José Scale has been found in one orchard in Prince Edward county and has come safely through the winter on nursery stock planted there last year. Efforts are being made by the provincial authorities to stamp it out before it can become well established and spread. The other insect is the Railroad Worm. I have received specimens of apples infested by it from Bowmanville and from Cobourg, the latter having arrived only a week ago. : One new pest, the Blackberry Miner (Scolioneura capitalis) is becoming very abundant, especially in the Niagara district, and threatens to cause great loss to growers of this fruit unless a remedy can soon be found or parasites come to the rescue. 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 19 NESTS OF THE BROWN-TAIL MOTH IN IMPORTATIONS OF FRENCH NURSERY STOCK, 1909. By ArtHur Gipson, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL Farm, OTTawa. The inspection work in Canada which was necéssary in view of the finding of nests of the Brown-tail Moth in shipments of nursery stock from France, is treated of fully in the annual report of the Division of Entomology and Botany for 1908-1909, which is now in press. A short statement, however, of the work which was done in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec may be of interest to the members of the Society attending this meeting. Nests of the Brown-tail Moth containing living larve were discovered early last January in New York State on apple, pear and cherry seedlings and quince stocks imported from France. This fact was at once communicated to the Division of Entomology, and a circular giving this information and asking for advice of shipments coming into Canada was at once prepared by the Director, Dr. W. Saunders, and sent out to nurserymen and others who would be interested, as well as to the press generally. On February 5th, after undoubted nests had been found in Ontario, a second circular, giving further information on this threatened invasion of such an injurious insect, was prepared by the Director and the writer, and sent to nurserymen. The first nest found in such imported nursery stock in Ontario was on a plum seedling on 27th January. This was in the first shipment of stock examined. From this date until May 20th, every shipment of nursery stock coming into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec was examined carefully, either by me or by Mr. Harry Arnold, the Provincial San José Scale Inspector, of Pelham Centre, who had been instructed by Mr. P. W. Hodgetts to assist me on certain dates in this work. Every nurseryman who imported such stock was visited, as well as a number of seedsmen and florists. Thirty different firms or individuals in all were visited, 26 in the Province of Ontario and + in the Province of Quebec. A complete list of these and the nature of the stock examined and the number of nests found will be found in the report of the Division above referred to. Many of the nurserymen had to be visited several times, immediately on the arrival of stock. The examination of this imported stock had, of course, to be made very care- fully. Generally speaking, the whitish nests were easily detected, but occasionally small nests would be found, or some which had become broken. The nests mostiy occurred between two or three of the twigs or along the main stem of the seedlings, and in size varied from less than half an inch in length and about the same in width, to about nearly three inches in length and over an inch in width. In the provinces of Ontario- and Quebec, 1,503,129 plants were examined. These consisted largely of apple, pear, plum and cherry seedlings, to be used either for grafting or budding. In the province of Ontario, 188 nests of the Brown-tail Moth were found, and in the province of Quebec, 8, making a total of 196. These were found as follows: 100 on pear, 56 on apple, 28 on plum, 5 on quince, 1 on cherry, 2 on rose, 2 on spirea, 1 on sugar maple and 1 on Prunus pissardi. We have reason to expect, owing to the way in which the consignments of nursery stock were examined, that every nest of the Brown-tail Moth present was found. No report has come to the Division since this inspection work, of any larve of the Brown-tail Moth having escaped from these shipments and established themselves. Nurserymen and others were strongly advised to burn all packing, etc., ~ 20 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 m the cases in which the nursery stock was shipped, as well as the cases. After the trimmings from the fruit seedlings had been burned, as an extra pre- caution the importers were advised to dip the stock in kerosene emulsion, or a standard miscible oil as was heing done in New York State. If the packing, ete., from these cases were not deséroyed before spring. it can be readily seen how some of these caterpillars might have got out and established themselves. In the report of the Division now in press there will also be found a state- ment of some experiments with hydrocyanic acid gas to kill the larve of the Brown- tail Moth. These experiments were conducted in a fumigation box haying 128 cubic feet of contents. Varying strengths of gas were tried, from the one used in the federal fumigation houses to destroy the San José Scale, viz., 1 ounce of cyanide of potassium, 1 ounce of sulphuric acid and 3 ounces of water to every 100 cubic feet of air space, exposure 45 minutes, to three times this strength, the exposure being lengthened to 2 hours. In these experiments many of the larve had left the nests and were active on the sides of the glass jars, with cheese cloth coverings, in which they had been kept. These experiments, although not very extensive, went to show that fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas evidently can- not be relied upon as a practical remedy for this insect when in its winter condi- tion. Even when the strength of the gas was three times that used in our federal fumigation houses, and the exposure very much lengthened, -only a very small per- centage of the larve which had left the nests were killed. It would certainly require considerably greater strength and much longer exposure to kill the larve when within the nests, and owing to the tough, closely woven nature of these nests the outcome would be very doubtful. In this work of fumigation I was assisted by Mr. Herbert Groh. THE LARGE LARCH SAWFLY. (Nematus Erichsonii, Hartig.) Dr. C. Gorpon Hewirt, Dominion Entomologist, gave a brief description of his work on this insect in England, where it is becoming a serious forest pest. Its distribution in Canada is also increasing and the larches (Larix americana) as far west as Winnipeg, are now suffering from the attacks of this sawfly, which destroyed most of the larches in Eastern Canada subsequent to its appearance in 1882. , Only one brood was found to occur—the deposition of the eggs and the emer- gence of the larvae extended over a considerable period, and might give the im- pression that the species was double brooded. The chief parasite was found to be Mesoleius aulicus, Gray., and investigation showed that in 1908 the average number of cocoons parasitised was 6 per cent., in the present year it was found to have doubled. Another ichneumon, Microcryptus labralis, Gravy., was bred out and _ this insect is probably a hyper-parasite on (M. aulicus.) One of the most potent factors in the natural contro] of the insect was the Field Vole (Microtus agrestis,) which extracted the larvee from the cocoons during the winter, during which season the larvae form a large portion of their food. In one plantation about 50 per cent. of the cocoons were emptied in 1908 by these rodents. 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 21 Certain species of birds, such as the starling, rook, jackdaw and tits were of great importance in destroying the larve in large numbers. A scheme of attracting these species of insectivorous birds by means of nest-boxes was initiated and the results of the experiment were very gratifying, 33 per cent. of the boxes being utilized in the first year. A species of Cordiceps, a fungous parasite, was found to be destfoying a large number of the pupating larvae, and as the probable method of infection is terres- trial, this fungus may prove to be an important means of natural control. The eradicative measures which were carried on against the larvae on the young trees were spraying with lead arsenate and crushing the larvae when they are in the “clustering” stage of their life-history, both of which measures were very effective in preserving the foliage of the trees under 8 feet high. Such measures of course cannot be employed in the case of large tracts of young self-sown larches, such as occur in many places in Canada; in such places natural means of control must be relied on. NURSERY WORK IN ONTARIO. By R. C. TREHERNE, GRIMSBY. It is with a, great deal of pleasure that I am enabled to give you a report on the Nursery work in Ontario. This year the Ontario Government, for the first time since 1902, instituted a general summer inspection of the nursery stock of Ontario, with a view to more effectually check the increase, distribution and ray- ages of the San José Scale and other pernicious insects which are prevalent in the nurseries, and also to gain a more precise idea of the nature of these attacks and the extent of their prevalence. A report, such as I am attempting to present to you at the present time, must necessarily be of a somewhat general character for the reason that the work is not yet finished and the final report is not yet com- pleted. Nevertheless I will endeavour to outline to you the course adopted by the Government, which ultimately led to the formation of this summer inspection. The inspection is principally aimed at the San José Scale, but other insects, fungi and plant diseases are also included. For the last three years sub-inspectors were appointed in the Niagara Penin- sula where the bulk of the nursery stock is grown, and to quote from last year’s report, “It was the duty of these men to watch closely to see that all nursery stock was properly fumigated before being shipped out, and also to report any instances of scale being found in the nurseries.” Presumably the work of these inspectors was sufficient to show that the scale had become localized in many nurseries, and, in order to effectually combat the insect and prevent its spread it was expedient to discover its breeding places and distributing centres. With that view, then, the course of summer inspection of all nurseries was adopted: the Act which had already been passed prohibiting the sale of scale-infected stock was enforced, and inspectors were authorized to break down, or otherwise prevent from sale, affected stock in the nursery row. The work was started in the Niagara District early in August of this year with two, and sometimes three, inspectors employed. They commenced at Stoney Creek and worked through to Queenston and at the present time (Nov. 4), are engaged in the Welland and Fonthill Districts. 22 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 The work has been delayed somewhat owing to the enormous amount of stock that is being grown and is ready for sale at the present time. According to last year’s Fruit Branch Report, there were well over two million fruit trees growing in the nursery rows, to say nothing of grape and small fruit cuttings and the various ornamental shrubs that are being propagated. This year, I believe, the amount is still larger when all saleable stock is computed. It is the duty of the inspectors to make a tree to tree inspection, locate the scale and dig up and destroy affected plants; and since a single man can only examine 15,000 to 20,000 trees a day, according to the nature of the stock and the care it has received, it can be imagined that the work is assuming great pro- portions. But it is work along the right line, and the nurserymen realize this. Here it might be desirable to lay greater stress on the work of the local inspec- tors, whose duty it is to examine and enforce the law on those orchards found to le infested by scale throughout the country, but specially in the neighborhood of nurseries. For it is only by destroying the root of an evil that we can hope to accomplish results, and so long as infested orchards remain, just so long will the scale be found in the nursery. From observation this summer it appears that the orchardist in very many cases neglects his duty to the Peninsula, and that the nurseryman in nearly every case is anxious to reduce the scale to a minus quantity. Speaking generally, the San José Scale has been found in nearly all the nur- series Unus fat examined, and is found to be present in greater or less quantities, varying from one tree to several hundred, dependent on the locality. But little scale was found in the nurseries of the Stoney Creek District, but a considerable amount was found in the old Niagara District. A varying quantity was found between these two districts with a gradual tendency to increase from the former towards the latter. Scale is also very prevalent in the Fonthill District—greater infestation being to the north and north-west of the village. Birds, and the procuring of scaly bud-sticks appear to be the principal means of the distribution within the nursery, while shipment after faulty fumigation seems to increase the area of infestation outside. It is peculiar that sometimes a three year old tree literally encrusted from the twigs to the ground, will be the only tree in a row affected, thus proving the necessity of a tree to tree inspection. Remedial measures most commonly in use in the nursery are the Lime Sulphur Spray, Whale Oil Wash and the Carlson Mixture. Besides the San José Scale, there is a long list of insects found on nursery stock. The most important, the most frequent and the most evenly distributed being Pear-Tree Slug, Leaf-Hopper, Red Spider, Oyster-shell Bark Louse, Blister Mite, Woolly Aphis, Bucculatrix, and the Trumpet Leaf-Miner. From the botanical standpoint, the Cherry Mildew, Black Rot of Grape, Fire Blight, Bear Scab, Black Knot, Crown Gall and Hairy Root, are the most fre- quently observed fungous diseases. It is hoped that future years will see this scheme of summer inspection con- tinued. A fuller and more complete account of this year’s work will probably be published in the Report of the Fruit Branch, Department of Agriculture. During the discussion that followed, attention was drawn to Clause 2 of the Nursery Inspection Act, which states that: “The Council of any city, town, township, or incorporated village may, and upon the petition of 15 or more ratepayers shall, by by-law, appoint at least one inspector to enforce the provisions of this Act in the municipality.” 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 23 EEE Sane It was considered that there is a weakness in the clause which authorizes a Council to appoint an inspector, chiefly because the local man, from the very fact that he is a local man, does not inspire confidence. The fruit-growers and farmers with whom, in the performance of his duty, he comes in contact, ask one another the questions: “ What does he know about the scale?” “Does he know the scale better than we do?” And further, the local inspector does not wish to risk disputes and wrangles and loss of his popularity by condemning a neighbor’s orchard. On this account it would seem better to appoint as inspectors outside men, and that the Government should assume entire control of the work. 5 The following resolution was then unanimously adopted: Moved by Dr. C. Gorpon Hewirt, Dominion Entomologist, seconded by Mr. A. F. Wixw (Province of Quebec), “that this Society, having heard from Mr. Treherne an account of the methods and work being done by the inspectors, wishes to express its great appreciation of the Ontario Government’s arrangements for the inspection of nursery stock this season, and hopes that this important work will be continued with equal, or even greater, zeal in the future.” SOME GUESTS AT THE BANQUET OF BLOSSOMS. By F. J. A. Morris, Trrniry Cottrce ScHoot, Porr Hope. In 1905, my first season of collecting, [ went over to England at the end of June on a botany trip. I had already begun to watch for beetles on blossoms before leaving Canada, though my chief hunting ground had been the bark of trees. In England I knew that the latter game-preserve was practically out of the question, as timber is far more scarce, and nearly all the woods are kept too clean for fallen timber to lie or wood to rot. If I meant to do any beetle-hunting, it must be by some other method, and I naturally made up my mind to combine hobbies’ by carrying a collecting-bottle out with me on my daily botanical rounds. My first stay was on a small estate in Chislehurst, Kent. Here, in this garden within a garden, while wandering through a wood of hazel and oak, I came on a large clump of tall umbellifers in full bloom. I knew already from Fowler’s and other books that such blossoms were a favourite haunt of certain beetles, and I made my way cautiously along a hedge of rhododendrons towards the clump. As I did so, there rose from between my feet a dark brown hawk-like bird, that flew up into my face and hovered for some moments inj front of me; it was a nightjar, the famous goat-sucker of! popular superstition, menacing, but powerless to fulfil a threat, being, indeed, cousin-german to our night-hawk and whip-poor-will, with all the furtive movements and ghostly silence of the creatures that fly abroad by night and, hawk beneath the light of the moon. Like the nighthawk, it builds no nest, but there among the round flint pebbles by an oak lay its pair of eggs. When first I got to the clump of flowering plants and scanned their broad white discs of blossom, among! numerous diptera and hymenoptera, nothing was to be seen except a few butterflies, but presently I saw a large black and yellow Longicorn settle on an umbel some distance off.. On approaching I found two of the beetles feeding and succeeded in catching one in my hand. They were very active, as quick as sunflies and almost as wary, so that capture was far from easy. I managed, however, to get a second specimen some time after. They proved to 24 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 be Strangalia armata; later on in the season I captured in North Wales a pair of Strangalia melanura, one on a composite, the other on a small umbellifer; and in Somerset, on the slopes of the Quantocks, I captured the more rare Strangalia quadrifasciata, sunning itself on a hazel leaf. The genus Strangalia is closely re- lated to Leptura, and, like that genus, with its near allies frequents blossoms. So far I have not found any in Canada, though some species are, I believe, not un- common. From the wood I passed into the kitchen garden, for I remembered a bed of orpine or livelong (Sedum telephium) where, 25 years ago, 1 could be sure of some Red Admirals (Pyrameis atalanta) and an occasional Peacock ( Vanessa io), but alas! King Orpine’s days were numbered, and Salpiglossis and Montbretia reigned in his stead. However, I spied a bed of asparagus and went over to review its ranks. I soon found that ladybirds were glutting themselves on a small dark grub about the foliage; it was probably the grub of the asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi), for I found a number of the mature insects on the leaves. Though very small, this beetle is extremely beautiful when alive, the ver- tical lines and cross-bars which appear black in cabinet specimens being of a rich dark green in the living insect. It/ has a curious habit when alarmed of thrusting its antenne straight forward in front of the head and remaining motionless like a pointer; this habit is found in not a few of the Chrysomelians, as in some of the Longicorns, notably the Saperdas. I saw no trace of the 12-spotted species (Crio- certs 12-punctata; indeed, at the time I did not know it occurred in Great Bri- tain; but in September, 1907, I found both species on some asparagus in the late Dr. Brodie’s garden in Toronto, and the last two years I have found the latter species abundant in Port Hope. In Dr. Bethune’s day, I understand, it had not yet appeared there. During the rest of my stay in England I did not do much collecting, as the month of August forms a sort of interregnum in insect activity between the early and the late broods. But I returned to Canada fully determined to prosecute my search among flowers and foliage in the coming season. I knew, of course, that I should thereby, restrict my captures mostly to two or three families of beetles —the Scarabs, Longicorns and Chrysomelians, but to some such form of amateur specialism I was not at all averse. Accordingly, from early April in the spring of 1906, I was out and about whenever I got the chance. It was not till May that my efforts met with much reward. A species of Cidemeris that frequents the dogtooth violet was almost the only capture. I had been told that a somewhat rare Longicorn was to be met with on the blossom of the trillium, but my informant could not tell me its name, nor did patient search in trilliums yield me any specimens of this family. About the 20th of May, however, blossomed the early elder, and though I wasted a great deal of time over elder clumps growing far away from woodlands, I did at last, by good luck, direct my steps to some growing on the edge of a wood about four miles north of the school. Here I found a new species of Scarab, leaden-gray in colour, though disguised for the nonce in a light yellow coat of pollen, with which it was thickly dusted over; it had long crooked hind legs that looked too clumsy to be of much use to their owner, and were, indeed, trailed along after it when it crawled. It was the male of Hoplia trifasciata, and I found it abundant for two or three weeks on the early elder, the choke-cherry, and the haw- thorn ; at first only the males were to be found, but about a week later the females became common; these at first I took for a distinct species, as they are very different in colour, yellowish-white, with three irregular bands of brown across 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 25 the back; on the hawthorn, however, where the female was in preponderance, I more than once found a pair. The same mistake appears to have made its way into print, and the two sexes were at one time assigned to distinct species, the male figuring as Hoplia tristis, and the female as Hoplia trifasciata. I found also on this clump of elder a few specimens of one of our earliest Lepturas, L. ruficollis; and, by way of a new illustration to the old adage that “it never rains but it pours,” three specimens of what at first I took to be an ant, till on looking closer I saw the straight line down the back formed by the suture of the wing-covers and the gracefully curving antenne that mark the Longicorn beetle. It was quite — new to me, and my fellow-collector, though several seasons older than I, had nothing like it in his collection. There was nothing specially remarkable about its colour, which was blackish or dark gray, relieved by some transverse pencilled lines of white, and it was only 1-3 of an inch in length, but there was an elegance of form and outline that made it long a favourite in my little collection. This enthusiasm in a grown man doubtless seems absurd to the uninitiated, and I must admit, somewhat ruefully, that I found myself an object of pity rather than envy when I “‘talked beetles” to a brother of mine who has misspent the last 20 years of his life tiger-hunting in Madras and bagging lions in Rhodesia, in fact, generally making ducks and drakes of all his golden opportunities to collect rare Longicorns from tropical blossoms. In the identification of this insect occurred an episode that I hope Dr. Bethune will pardon me for introducing here. At the close of this season of 1906 I pur- chased a copy of LeConte & Horn’s key to the genera of N. A. Coleoptera. By a somewhat rough process of elimination I had decided my beetle belonged some- where in the tribe Clytini, whose most familiar representative is probably the famous - sugar-maple borer, Plagionotus speciosus. LeConte & Horn’s book made it prob- able that in the third group of this tribe, the Anaglypti, it would find its place. This group contains four genera, Microclytus, Cyrtophorus, Tullomorpha, and Euderces. Only one of these genera was at all known to me, and that from a single species (Huderces picipes) somewhat resembling the subject of my examina- tion. I found first of all that the beetle I was trying to place had no ivory marks on the elytra, which put Huderces out of the question; the eyes were oblique and emarginate instead of round, which excluded Tillomorpha; it must be either Micro- clytus or Cyrtophorus, and the book gave one no choice, for in Microclytus the second joint of the antennz was equal to the fourth, while in Cyrtophorus the second joint‘was much shorter, as it obviously was in my specimens. My fellow-collector had already sent a box of unidentified specimens to Guelph to be named, and when they came back I was naturally eager to learn the result. To my chagrin I found my little favourite christened Microclytus gazellula. This so mystified me that at last I wrote to Dr. Bethune, explaining the quandary I was in. To my great relief I got an immediate reply, that the beetle sent him had been identified from a cabinet specimen named by an older collector. LeConte & Horn were right, my beetle was Cyrtophorus verrucosus, as were those in the Guelph cabinet, though hitherto wrongly named. I have examined a number of cabinets, and in none of them yet have I found more than an odd specimen of this beetle, nor have I met a Coleopterist who had captured it, except accidentally, as it were. But on the blossoms of the early elder, still more those of hawthorn, sometimes of choke-cherry, dogwood, spiked maple, viburnum and New Jersey tea, from the middle of May till early in July, T have found it abundant. It is then replaced by its near relation, Zuderces picipes, 26 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 which frequents blossoms all July, especially those of New Jersey tea and milkweed, though often met with also on certain of the Rosasew and composites. It closely resembles Cyrtophorus, though considerably smaller and not so elegant in form; on the side of each elytron is a transverse white band, technically termed an ivory vitta; in the first specimens captured I did not recognize a new kind till I took them out of the killing-bottle. This finding of a new species acts as a great incentive to the collector, not merely through the stimulus and encouragement of filling gaps in his cabinet, but through the interest and education of comparing closely-allied species and genera, and gradually following out the relationship of distinct tribes as the series of intermediate forms grows more and more continuous; thus retracing, as it were, the steps of natural evolution. It was, I know, a great encouragement to me to find the wide gap between, say, the Cyllenes and the Lepturas being gradually filled in and the various stages of the transition emerging, so to say, from the un- known. I believe it was the consequent redoubled efforts made by my fellow- collector and myself the next season, more than mere luck, that brought us an interesting discovery in the middle of June. On a certain Sunday morning I captured on spiked maple a specimen of an ant-like beetle, obviously belonging to the Anaglypti group, but neither Cyrtophorus verrucosus nor Huderces picipes, and in the afternoon of the same day on hawthorn, my friend captured a specimen of an ant-like beetle neither Cyrtophorus verrucosus nor Huderces picipes. Neither of us noticed his discovery till we came to turn out the contents of our killing- bottles on returning home. Stranger still, the new species we had captured, when we came to compare notes, proved different from one another. By a close exam- ination of my friend’s capture, I found he had at last got a genuine specimen of Microclytus gazellula. My capture has not yet been identified, but it may be re- ferred almost certainly to the genus Cyrtophorus. I have been led into something of a digression here, and for purposes of this paper I may remind you that we are in the month of May, and searching for beetle guests on the blossoms of the early elder. Through the middle of the wood where I made these first discoveries flows a small stream that has eaten out for itself quite a deep ravine through the limestone, clay and marl. About 100 yards up this glen grows a large shrub of early elder that opens about the end of May; on its blossoms we got several more of the Leptura ruficollis, but nothing new that season. In 1907, however, while my fellow-collector was examining the blossoms, he spied a new Longicorn, of which he captured three specimens, and a day or two later, from the same shrub, I managed to get two. Though there were several other elder bushes in the wood, we have found this beetle on none of them, only on this one tree, and it has yielded us from 3 to 5 specimens every season since. As far as our experience goes the beetle is active from the end of May till nearly the end of June. In 1907, from another locality I took two speci- mens on dogwood blossom ; in 1908 I got three or four specimens on dogwood and on the thimble-berry, and in the season just over we both saw specimens feeding on hawthorn blossoms. It is the Pachyta monticola, a very pretty insect with pale yellow elytra, boldly marked with black or deep crimson. This genus is closely related to the Lepturas, but broader across the base of the elytra, and thicker through the sternum; its thorax, too, instead of being rounded at the sides, is armed with an excrescence known to Coleopterists as a “process.” In 1907 and 1908 I succeeded in capturing a few specimens of two more species of Pachyta, smaller than monticola, and inconspicuous in colour, black, or black with dark 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 27 See OO eee. sc 0 NW brown streaks on the wing-covers. They were taken late in June, feeding on the blossom of dogwood. And with every fresh discovery I swelled with pride as I found myself getting more and more intimate with this royal family among beetles, the Longicorns. With the passing of May the early elder came to an end, but before it was over the hawthorns began to bloom all over the neighbourhood. Our first field of investigation was a field, an extensive pasture bordered on one side by a wood of pine, beech and maple. At first I went all about the farther end of the field wherever the snowy mass of hawthorn bush in full bloom drew me, but I soon found that it was only near the wood that my search was rewarded; the first captures were a couple of Scarabs called Trichius piger, a beetle looking very much like a small bumblebee and extremely active; it is abundant on blossoms from early in June till the middle of July, and may be found on e great variety of flowers. Then I got my first specimen of Dichelonycha elongata, another Scarab, which is particularly fond of basswood foliage, and becomes some seasons a veritable plague. Finally I came to hawthorns on the border of the wood, and here I found several Longicorns feeding. Among them three Lepturas that were new to me, Leptura pubera, L. mutabilis and L. vibe, of the last two only a single specimen. About the same date I paid a visit to the wood four miles away, to see what guests the hawthorns there were entertaining. On one bush at the edge of the wood I found both sexes of Hoplia trifasciata plentiful, two or three specimens of Dichelonycha, and a lot of Leptura ruficollis and Cyrtophorus verrucosus ; and besides these a new insect that at first I passed over for a fly, till the long antenne betrayed it; these in the female were about the length of the body, in the male twice as long ; it was the more easily mistaken for a fly in that its wing-covers were reduced to a mere pair of epaulets or shoulder pads. It proved to be the Longicorn Molor- chus bimaculatus, and was very abundant throughout June on several sorts of blossom. On another bush at the edge of the wood I found a regular colony of Chrysomelians busy in the blossoms. I sent three of these to Guelph, where they were identified as varieties of Orsodacna atra; in June, 1907, I found the same beetle on hawthorn blossom at Lakefield, and I have taken it also on viburnum; in no case did I find the normal form of O. atra, though a few of my specimens approximated very closely to it. A curious feature about the hawthorn and its guests is that some shrubs apparently as favourably situated as others and in full bloom, were deserted and others crowded. It may prove that some species attract beetles and others do not; Gray’s New Manual enumerates 65 species of hawthorn in N. A., while in Sar- gent’s Monograph on the Crategus in some parts of Ontario alone (as published in last year’s Wellington F. N. Bulletin), no less than 95 species are distinguished. The results of closer determination in the species of plant hosts might prove in- teresting. An encouraging thing about this sort of collecting is that seasons vary in the maturing of both hosts and guests, so that often you will find species frequenting plossoms that the year before they did not visit, and sometimes you will come across an entirely new insect. Two seasons ago, for instance, early in June, we found a strange beetle abundant on dogwood; it proved to be Callimozys, a first cousin of Molorchus; in this genus the wing-covers are not short as in Molorchus, but awl shaped, so that the inner margins do not lie together in a straight line. Again this last season I made a new find on hawthorn in the shape of a small oak- pruner (Elaphidion). Much, too, may result from search in a new neighbourhood ; 28 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 in 1906 I found scores of Lebia furcacta ( a small Carab of the Bombardier group) feeding on golden-rod about the margin of a swamp at Lanark, and last July I captured two fine specimens of the large blister beetle, Pomphopea Saya, in — koka, upon nannyberry (Viburnum lentago). When the hawthorn began to bloom in 1907, I went eagerly back to work my claims, for the bloom of a hawthorn last barely a week, and seems to attract insects for only a day or two. I had already ruled out the shrubs growing in the open; so I went first to the edge of the wood, but this faced west, and was exposed to a chilly wind. There was nothing to be found, and I followed the gleam of hawthorn north across some stump lands to a large wood; skirting its west and north border, I came presently to a stretch of low swampy ground that penetrated the wood in a southerly direction, and was entirely out of the wind. It was thickly grown with dogwood and spiked maple, both of which were in the prime of their bloom, and in full sunshine. The number of insects feeding on the blossoms was astonishing; in an hour or two I must have captured several hundred beetles. Besides L. ruficollis (with its variety sphericollis), L. vibex was plentiful and so was L. mutabilis, whose name now for the first time became clear to me, both forms being abundant, the light brown and the dark gray; I found also a very small Leptwra that was new to me (L. subargentata), and the beetle, Hncy- clops cerulea; there were also a few specimens of C. verrivcosus, and it was then that I got my unidentified species of Cyrtophorus. There were, of course, other families of beetles; in particular, Elaters, of which I captured four new species, one of which I have never seen except on spiked maple, the head and thorax dark brown, ending in a reddish-brown base, the elytra yellow-green, tipped with dark brown. On the same blossom in another locality I have taken three more Elaters, Corymbites hieroglyphicus, C. propola, and a third species not yet identified, prettily marked with dark wavy lines across the wing-covers; besides these, yet another Leptura ( ZL. 6-maculata). LL. vibex seems fairly to revel in these moist woody hollows, and later on in the same place on black elder I found ZL. lineola abundant. It is evidently addicted to black elder, and partial to moist woodlands. As June drew to its close we extended our search to the south slope of a long ridge of high land, some 6 miles north of P. H. On this slope grew the New Jersey tea, and as there were many groves of standing timber, as well as berry patches and thickets of small trees and shrubs, we felt confident that we should make some finds. Our first visit to this place (which we dubbed “the Rocky Moun- tains”) found the New Jersey tea still some days short of blossoming, but there was dogwood in bloom on the slopes, and almost the first bush we visited brought us three or four new beetles, among them Gawrotes cyanipennis, of the Lepturoid group, a stout, robust beetle, resembling in form Pachyta monticola, very handsame and of a brilliant dark green hue, and L. capitata, a beetle we at first took for ruficollis, but more tapering in outline, and with head crimson as well as thorax. With the first days of July, along the southern slope of our local Rocky Moun- tains the New Jersey tea and late elder expanded to the sun, and the whole hillside became a revel of insect life. The delicate fragrance of the New Jersey tea would no doubt at any time attract guests to its dainty white clusters, but coming, as its blossoms do, jump with the height of insect activity, and in the most glorious weather of the year, the sun blazing through a breathless atmosphere, the number and variety of guests swarming to the feast were almost beyond belief. Some- 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 29 times an altercation would arise, when some blundering glutton (like Bombus or Trichius) tried to elbow his way into a blossom where there was no longer standing room. But “with them,” as Wordsworth points out, “no strife can last.” “For why?—because the good old rule Sufficeth them—the ancient plan That they should get who have the power And they should keep who can,” —and the weakest go to the wall. Among the many new species we met with in these happy hunting-grounds were several members of the group Clyti, between the Cyllenes and the Anaglypti; of this group we found an occasional specimen of Xylotrechus colonus, and a small Neoclytus, while Clytanthus ruricola was abundant. In the Lepturoid group we took many specimens of a genus we had not found at all before, Typocerus, of which we met with three distinct species, one black (7. lugubris), one black and yellow, banded like a wasp (7', sparsus), and a third mottled with patches of straw- colour and reddish brown (T. velutinus). In midsummer heat, insects seem to grow nervously alert and restless and we found the Typocerus often defied capture; they would hover at a blossom without settling, like miniature humming birds, their tiny wings fanning with marvellous velocity, while their flight from one point to another was of the swiftest. A small beetle in flight is never conspicuous, and some of them when they settle on a blossom seem to have stepped out of the infinite, and when they take to flight again they pass away into a 4th dimension, as though, like Wordsworth’s skylark, they too enjoyed a “privacy of glorious light,” but one that needed no soaring to gain. More than once we found with birds of this feather that one in the hand was by no means worth two in the bush; there proved many a slip between the cup of one’s closed fist and the lip of the cyanide bottle. To the Lepturas themselves, already a long list, we added L. subhamata, zebra, vagans, proxima, biforis, vittata, Canadensis, and three species at least unidentified. Of these, prozima and subhamata seem to prefer the elder, and Canadensis the milkweed. In the same neighbourhood, from the heart of a dogrose I flushed an Oberea bimaculata, and from plants of the wild bergamot, with its sweet fra- grance and delicate lavender blossoms, a whole covey of some smaller Oberea that I haye not yet identified. I say “flushed” advisedly, for in the first instance I did not bag my bird; indeed, I chased it for two years before I caught it (the species, that is, not the individual). It is a small insect, of very narrow outline and black in colour; when flying it is almost invisible, only the practised eye can make out a minute and swiftly-moving shadow. You will get some idea of the hunter’s difficulties when I say that I found it fatal to wink the eye while marking its flight; the creature simply disappeared like the skylark at the last point of vision. For one thing, it has a dodging flight, like that of a snipe, and to make its assurance of escape doubly sure it never settles on the upper side of a leaf, but always underneath. Even then it is seldom off its guard; if you cast so much as a shadow, it is off like a trout in a pool. [I tell you there was rejoicing in the camp, if not feasting, when I came home with the scalp of Oberea bimaculata at my belt. But in so fair a scene as the Port Hope “Rocky Mountains,” disappointments cast but a passing shadow. The place was a perfect Paradise of flowers, and as we wandered in sunshine beneath the vaulted blue, over beds of New Jersey tea, through thickets of raspberry and thimbleberry, among brackens and orange lilies, 30 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 by fences festooned with grapevine and smothered in dogrose, everywhere a riot of blossom and insect life. Nature transfigured with the glory of the July sun, we thought of the wonderful interdependence of all living things on earth, and felt—I hope I may say it without irreverance—that it was good to be there. “Such life there, through such lengths of hours, Such miracles performed in play, Such primal naked forms of flowers, Such letting Nature have her way, While Heaven looks from its towers!” EVENING SESSION.—THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4. ; At 8 o'clock p.m., a public meeting was held in the Massey Hall auditorium, which was well filled with students, both male and female, and a number of yisi- tors from the town as well as members of the Society. The chair was taken by Dr. Bethune, Professor of Entomology. The proceedings were much enlivened by musical selections excellently rendered by the College Orchestra under the direc- tion of Mr. J. D. Tothill, fourth year student in Biology, and a piano sole by Mr. | Roy Fraser, another student in the same department. : | After a few remarks by the Chairman on the origin and progress of the Society which was celebrating its forty-sixth anniversary and the near approach of its jubilee, he introduced the speaker of the evening, Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, the newly appointed Dominion Entomologist, who was taking up the work at the Experi- mental Farms so long and so ably conducted by their lamented friend, the late Dr. James Fletcher. It was a great pleasure to welcome Dr. Hewitt to Canada, and to have his kindly assistance during the proceedings of the annual meeting of the Entomological Society. HOUSE-FLIES AND THEIR ALLIES. Being the major portion of a lecture delivered before the Entomological Society of Ontario, on November 4th, 1909, by C. Gorpon Hewitt, D.Sc., F.E.S., Dominion Entomologist, Ottawa. It is an especial pleasure to me to have this opportunity which the Entomol- ogists of Canada, in inviting me to give this address, have afforded me, of address- ing my first remarks in public in Canada to the Entomological Society and the students of the Ontario Agricultural College and the Macdonald Institute. It is, in a sense, my official introduction to you, and the cordial reception which I have been accorded on all sides, and especially during the meeting, have been most encouraging, and I can only say in reply to it all that while I have the honour to be Dominion Entomologist it will be ever my object to further the science of entomology, especially Canadian entomology, and by the application of the results of scientific research to deal with those varied problems, both great and small, which confront the entomologist when dealing with injurious insects and their control. The subject of my address this evening is one that is familiar to you all. In Canada I find you know the house-fly only too well. It is man’s most constant com- Sh tated 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 31 panion and the most truly “domestic” animal in the world. Wherever man has gone the house-fly has followed in his steps, from the arctic circle to the burning tropics it dances in constant attendance, the uninvited guest. And yet, in spite of all this, notwithstanding the fact that no living creature paid him so much attention, he did not trouble himself about it beyond a most cursory mquiry into its habits and life. This is not infrequently the case in zoological science; we write monographs of inordinate length on species of animals whose chief recommendation is that they are rare, whereas on the other hand, those animals, frequently of great interest and importance, that are waiting on the threshold of our laboratories for inquiry are passed over. The house-fly is one of the greatest examples of this. In 1790, Keller made an excellent study of the “Stubenfliege;” he studied the life-history and anatomy and anyone who has seen the beautiful memoir which he wrote and the charming illustrations will be filled with admira- tion and wonder that so much could have been done with the scientific apparatus then at the investigator’s disposal. Previously and subsequently to that, those great naturalists, Reaumur, DeGeer and Bouche, all included a short description of this insect and its habits in their classic works. Since that time the only investi- gators who contributed really valuable information have been Packard and Howard, who have studied the life-history and habits in the United States. There is no need for me to call the attention of Canadian entomologists to the great importance of Dr. Howard’s work, the value of which lies in the fact that he, above all in- vestigators, showed the people of the United States, and of other countries too, the serious role which the house-fly plays in our national life. I need only refer to the excellent work which is being done by the New York Merchants’ Association to combat this danger from flies—than which such an association could do no work more worthy—as an illustration of the manner in which a corporation has taken the warnings, has proved them beyond dispute for itself and is applying the results of such knowledge as it has gained to the amelioration of public life. Tt has been my good fortune during the past few years to be able to add a little to our knowledge of this insect by a detailed study of its anatomy of which we had no previous account, and its life-history and habits. The result of that work has now been finished, though like most investigations it is not complete and it is my intention to-night to give you briefly and in a popular manner some of the results of my work and of the work of others who have been studying the habits of this insect. ; First of all, you must understand that several species of flies inhabit houses, some of these are frequently mistaken for the true house-fly (Musca domestica). This species is easily recognizable by having on the dorsal side of the thorax four almost black longitudinal stripes on a dusty grey ground which in certain lights has a golden shimmer; the ground colour of the abdomen is a buff yellow and there is a dark brown median dorsal stripe; the whole of the dorsal side of the abdomen, however, is overspread with a reflecting grey which gives it a blotchy appearance. The average size of this species is 6-7 mm., but unfavourable conditions in the larval life tend to produce dwarf specimens of the adults. The occurrence of these smaller specimens was no doubt partially responsible for the popular idea that they were young house-flies and this in turn led to the mistake that many non-etomo- logical people make in believing the other species of fly which occurs in houses, namely, Homalomyia canicularis, to be a young M. domestica. This lesser house-fly differs on examination very considerably from M. domestica. In the venation of the wings the fourth longitudinal vein of the wing of H. canicularis goes straight to the margin as in all the members of the group Anthomyide, whereas in M. domestica 32 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 it is bent up at an angle before reaching the margin which it joins close to the termination of the third longitudinal vein; not only is it smaller, but in form and colouration H. canicularis differs from M. domestica. The dorsal surface of the thorax of the male is greyish black with three indistinct longitudinal stripes, the male’s abdomen is slender and tapering compared with that of M. domestica; it is bronze black with three or four pairs of translucent yellow lateral areas. The body of the female is coloured a dark ash-grey and the thoracic stripes are more distinct, the abdomen shorter and more robust. Musca domestica forms by far the major portion of the fly population. How- ard’s, Hamer’s and my own observations show that the percentage is usually 90- 98 per cent. of the total fly population. Another fly that sometimes occurs in houses, especially country houses in the fall, and also in the spring in England, and whose habits have frequently led to the popular erroneous idea as to the ability of the house-flies to bite, is the blood- sucking Stomoxys calcitrans, known by various popular names such as Storm-fly, Stable-fly, Fall-fly, all of which names are equally inapplicable to one species. It can readily be distinguished from M. domestica by the sharp awl-like piercing proboscis which projects forward horizontally from beneath the head. This type of proboscis enables it to pierce the skin of animals and thereby suck the blood of the same. It is interesting to note in passing that S. calcitrans is allied to those tropical blood-sucking Diptera of the different species of Giossinas, which are re- sponsible for the deadly disease of sleeping sickness and Nagana. They carry the Trypanosomes, the organisms which cause the diseases, and by their blood-sucking kabits infect man and other animals. The former disease has reduced in a few years the population of Uganda by two-thirds and Nagana has rendered central and sub-tropical Africa practically impassable to horses. Musca domestica possesses a proboscis that is quite incapable of piercing the skin. It is only of use in absorbing fluids and this process of absorption is one of great interest. The proboscis is extended in the following manner. The vacant spaces in the head are filled with capacious air-sacs and blood; by the inflation of these air-sacs of the head the blood is driven into the cavity of the proboscis which is thereby extended and the two lobes which form the oral disc are distended by means of the blood. These oral lobes are traversed on their inner sides by a very large number of channels which are kept open by minute rings cpen at one side— and owing to their tracheal appearance are called pseudotrachee. The oral sur- face is applied to the fluid-moistened surface and by capillary action and the pul- sating movement of the oral lobes the fluid runs along the pseudotrachee into the oval pit and thence into the pumping pharynx—the pumping action of the latter keeping up the constant inward flow of the solution. In the case of such solid food as sugar this is first rendered soluble by the secretion of the lingual or salivary glands. The surface of the oral lobes is kept ir a moist condition by the secretion of a small pair of labial glands. If the abdomen of a mature female fly is opened it will be found that it is almost filled by the enormously distended ovaries; the alimentary tract occupying a small trough-like cavity between them and the dorsal region. In the posterior region of the abdomen the ovipositor will be seen usually in a retracted telescopic condition. When exserted the ovipositor is about equal in length to the abdomen and the female fly is thus enabled to deposit her eggs deep down out of the light in the crevices of whatever substance, decaying vegetable or excremental, it may have chosen as a nidus for the larve. About 120 to 150 eggs become mature at the same time and these are deposited in clumps, as many as sixty or seventy may 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 33 be found packed together in oneclump. The eggs are pearly white in colour, marked with very fine sculpturing; they are 1 mm. in size, slender and cylindrically oval, one end being more pointed than the other and along the dorsal side of the egg there are two curved rib-like thickenings of the chorion. The eggs of M. domesticu have not the appearance of the grooved wheat grain as stated by several writers. It has been found that horse manure is the special breeding place of flies, but they will deposit their eggs and the larve are able to feed on almost any kind of excremental © products and in decaying vegetable substances such as kitchen refuse, especially if such substances are in a fermenting condition. They will also deposit their eggs in decaying fruit and certain food stuffs such as moistened bread, egg, broth, etc. The most important factor which governs the development of the larve is tempera- ture; a high temperature accelerates the development. It is also affected by moisture, diminution in the amount of moisture retards development and by the character of the larval food and fermentation. The shortest time which I was able to obtain for the development of M. domestica was eight days. ‘This was obtained by keeping the larve at a constant temperature of 35 degrees C., and the times occupied in the different stages were as follows:—egg from deposition to hatching, 8 hours; whole larval or “maggot’’ stage 5 days; the larve moult twice and the times occupied in the three larval stages were 24 hours, 24 hours and three days respectively; the pupal stage lasted three days. These times are probably as short as will be found usually under natural conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, with regard to temperature, moisture, etc., the development has been found to extend over several weeks. In no case, however, was it found possible to keep the insects in the pupal stage during the winter nor do I know of any other observer who was able to do so. They invariably pass the winter as adult flies, and under suitable conditions of temperature and the presence of larval food, are able to breed during the winter months. The newly hatched larva measures 2 mm. in length and the average length of the adult larva is 12 mm. It is a typical, conically cylindrical, muscid larva, or “maggot,” consisting of thirteen segments. It progresses by means of seyen pairs of locomotary pads on the ventral side of the body and these are covered with small spines. The intestine of the full-grown larva is very com- plicated as will be seen from the figure thrown on the screen. When the larva is full-grown it retracts the anterior and posterior ends to form a barrel-shaped pupal stage lasted three days. These times are probably as short as will be found from a creamy yellow to a dark chestnut brown. When the fully developed fly emerges from the pupal case it pushes off the front end of the case in two sections by means of an inflated sac in front of the head; this sac is afterwards withdrawn into the head. After emerging from the pupal case the fly crawls about until its wings have attained their permanent form and the body has hardened and dried. In my experiments I found that the flies became sexually mature in ten to fourteen days after their emergence from the pupal state, and four days after coitus with the male they began to lay their eggs which was possible therefore from fourteen days after emergence from the pup. It will be seen from actual observations and experiments that in hot weather the progeny of a fly may be laying eggs in about 3 weeks from the time the eggs from which they were hatched were deposited, and as a fly may deposit about six hatches of eggs in a single season, it is not difficult to realize the millions of flies which a few flies may produce in the hot summer months. These observations indicate two important points: first, the necessity of destroying the first flies that appear in the season, and secondly, the abolition of their breeding places. In our towns and cities owners of stables should be compelled to either remove collections of manure 34 THE REPORT OF THE ~— No. 36 within seven days or to treat the manure with such a substance as chloride of lime or mineral oil as each lot is thrown on the heap to prevent, the breeding of the flies and such manure should be kept in a chamber to which flies cannot obtain access. The first method is the best and most effectual and certain cities have now by- laws enforcing such periodic removal of manure. All cities and towns should enforce such removal or treatment, nor should they allow the accumulation of rubbish and substances on which flies cau breed as many local authorities are accustomed to do. It is invariably fourd in such cases that the maximum number of cases of zymotic diseases such as typhoid and epidemic diarrhcea are located around such places. The change of aititude of people towards house-flies during the last few years has been remarkable. Public opinion on such subjects is slow in changing and although we had known for years from the work of Celli, Nuttall, Hoffman and many others that flies were in the habit of carrying the bacilli which cause certain of our infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, ophthalmia, tuber- culesis, etc., it was not until medical men as a whole began to realize the important role that house-flies play in the dissemination of these diseases that we really began to move. But now there are fortunately few who do not realize the danger of the house-fly. What could be more probable than the transference of disease-carrying bacilli by flies when they have access to the dejecta of incipient or carrier cases of typhoid on the one hand and food materials on the other. Several observers during recent campaigns and also in military camps in time of peace have observed flies frequenting the food in the mess tents and carrying on their bristle-covered legs the white disinfectant from the camp latrines. Such an observation is sufficient to. convince the most obstinate sceptic as the relation that flies may have in the trans- ference of disease germs. Take, for instance, the flies in unsanitary localities; they are accustomed to frequent every kind of filth in the way of kitchen refuse and excremental substances and to spend a portion of their time regaling their palates with the food stuffs in the houses, especially such articles of food as sugar and milk. It has been proved that milk to which flies have had access becomes seriously contaminated with and infected by the bacilli which the flies have obtained from filth of different kinds and milk is an excellent medium for the growth of bacilli, especially during warm and hot weather. What are the methods, then, which we have of combating this most serious menace, for, to my mind, the fly problem in our cities is far more important than the mosquito problem towards the solution of which thousands of dollars are spent annually—and compared with which the suppression of the fly danger is indeed as simple. They are these. First, the abolition of their breeding places; the re- moval within seven days in the summer, of collections of horse manure, decaying and fermenting vegetable substances on which the flies can breed. The substitu- tion of the more sanitary system of sewage disposal by water instead of the older and generally insanitary and dangerous methods of conservancy. The protection of collections of manure or kitchen refuse; keep the lid on the refuse chamber. Do not allow flies to have access to food, especially such foods as milk, sugar, etc., but, where flies occur, keep all such food covered with a muslin covering. Farmers and dairymen should not leave milk about exposed and accessible to flies. A man would not be willing that flies should have access to a glass of milk intended for his own consumption, and why should he leave milk exposed in pails in cow- sheds and similar places where the flies have a maximum opportunity of covering their legs and bodies with bacilli of all kinds, especially putrefactive bacilli. “ Pre- vention is better than cure” is almost a truism, but the welfare of the future will depend almost entirely on that one word, Prevention. Nature is yielding up her 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. vo { Or secrets one by one through the toil of men of science, and it is by the application of the knowledge thus gained that we shall be able to avoid that great rod of chastisement of Nature, disease, which is inflicted on those who disobey or trans- gress her unwritten laws. And while we have these insects arrayed against us there are others allied to them which, by assisting in the maintenance of a balance in nature take up their position on our side. These are the Tachinid flies, many of which, to the casual observer, have a superficial resemblance to the house-fly. There are a very large number of species of Tachinide and considerable variation in size and struc- tural characters. The larve of most of them are parasitic on lepidopterous larve, and in certain cases these parasites increase to so great an extent that they may suppress completely an exceptional increase of caterpillars. It is largely owing to these parasites and the Ichneumons that our vegetation is not completely eaten up by lepidopterous larve. The Tachinid maggot feeds inside the caterpillar and gradually destroys the tissues of the host. In some cases the maggot leaves the caterpillar before it pupates, in other cases the caterpillar pupates and the Tachinid maggot pupates inside the cocoon or pupal cell. Their life-histories are extremely diverse and this is frequently found to be the case in the life-histories of the members of a“group of animals which has assumed parasitic habits, whether it be insects, crustacea or more lowly organisms. Parasitism induces profound changes in the life-history of animals, and we find great variations in so small, compara- tively, a group as the Tachinide. Whereas some of the insects deposit their eggs upon the skin of the caterpillars, from which position on hatching the larve bore into the interior of the host; others deposit their eggs upon the leaves of the plant @$, I believe, is the case in Ugimyia sericaria, Rond, which is the cause of the most serious “ Ugi’’ disease of the Japanese silkworms. The caterpillars, on feed- ing on the leaves, take the eggs in biting off the portions of leaf to which they are attached, into their digestive tracts where the maggots emerge and bore through into the tissues of the body. A third class is exemplified by the species Hupeleteria magnicornis, Zett, which, as Townsend has shown, deposits living maggots not on the caterpillars, but upon the green shoots, leafribs, etc., on which caterpillars were present and usually on the silken thread spun by the caterpillar on its trail over the plant. It will be recognized that the first method is the one in which the maggot is least sure of success in entering the host, for it not infrequently happens that the caterpillar moults before the eggs of the Tachinid hatch and thus rids itself of the danger. So that although we may find Tachinids depositing their eggs freely upon caterpillars, it is unsafe to predict beneficial results. Howard, for example, mentions a case in which 226 moths and only four Tachinid flies were obtained from 235 caterpillars of the Gipsy Moth, upon each of which 1 to 33 Tachinid eggs had been observed. In another case, 252 caterpillars; all bearing Tachinid eggs, were reared and not a single fly emerged. These cases illustrate well the advantage to an insect larve of such a method of growth by the moulting of the old' skin. Once inside the caterpillar the maggot bores its way into the body cavity or blood cavity and immediately attaches the breathing pores at the posterior end of its body to one of the breathing pores of spiracles of its host and thus obtains its air direct from the outside. In this position it remains during the whole of its larval life, until it is full grown. It moults twice and the old skins remain attached at the posterior end of the body as the maggot does not leave the spiracle of the caterpillar to which it has once attached itself,-until it finally leaves it to pupate. Allied to these insects are the Anthomyide, some of whose larve are the de- structive root-maggots, which feed on the roots of many vegetables, such as cabbages, 36 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 radishes, onions, beans, ete. A few years ago I found, when studying the life- history of Musca domestica, that the flies of the root-maggot (Anthomyia radicum, Meigen), were especially fond of laying their eggs on horse manure in which the larve were reared. This fact may account frequently for the presence of root maggots on crops, as it has been found that fields heavily manured suffer more from the attacks of root maggots than those on which there is less manure or which have been manured some length of time. Such facts as these have to be borne in mind in cultivating infested areas. These few cases of the economy of certain allied insects will illustrate to you the benefits and injuries that are the result of different modes of life of insects somewhat closely allied and show how the knowledge gained from a careful study of the life-histories and habits of life or bionomics can be applied to further the welfare of man. At the close of Dr. Hewitt’s lecture, which was illustrated by a number of beautiful lantern slides of the life stages of various species of flies and of their structural and anatomical details (Plate F, page 141), a hearty vote of thanks was given him. President Creelman, in proposing the vote, and Professor McCready, in seconding it, spoke in high terms of the excellence of the address and the gratifi- cation that all felt in the appointment of so well qualified a successor to the late Dr. Fletcher. ; The chairman referred to the measures that had been put in operation for reducing the number of disease-bearing flies in the city of New York, and the encouraging diminution in the percentage of cases of sickness and death during the later months of summer, especially amongst children. The meeting was brought to a close with a musical performance by the orchestra and the singing of “God Save the King.” SECOND DAY’S SESSION—FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5TH, 1909. The President, Mr. TenNyson D. Jarvis, took the chair at 9.30 a.m., in the Biological lecture-room of the Ontario Agricultural College. There was a good attendance both morning and afternoon, including many of the students as well as members of the Society. The first order of the day was the reading of the reports of the Council, the Branches at Montreal and Toronto, and of the different officers of the Society. The Montreal Branch was represented by Mr. A. F. Winn, and Toronto by Mr. J. B. Williams. The report of the Delegate to the Royal Society was read by Mr. A. Gibson, of Ottawa. This was followed by the election of officers for the ensuing year, 1909-1910 (see page 6). REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. The Council of the Entomological Society of Ontario begs to present the report for the year 1908-09. The forty-fifth annual meeting of the Society was held at the Ontario Agri- cultural College, Guelph, on the 5th and 6th of November, 1908. There was a very satisfactory attendance of members from a distance as well as those locally resident ; a considerable number of the students of the College were also present. 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 37 The first afternoon was occupied with the reading of the reports of the Directors on the insects of note in their respective districts, and a conference was held on the chief insect pests of the season, which was participated in by many of those present. In the evening a public meeting was held in Massey Hall, and a popular lecture was delivered by Dr. E. P. Felt, of Albany, State Entomologist of New York, on “The Interpretation of Nature,” illustrated by lantern pictures. A paper was also read by Prof. Lochhead, of the Macdonald College, St. Anne de Belleyue, P.Q., on “Entomology in the Graduate School of Agriculture at Cornell University.” The morning and afternoon of the second day were occupied with the reading of the reports of the various branches and officers of the Society. Papers were also read on a variety of subjects, both scientific and practical. All of these have been published in the annual volume. This volume, the “ Thirty-ninth Annual Report to the Legislature of Ontario,” was published in March last, and contained 152 pages and 18 half-tone plates of gall insects, also a portrait of the late Dr. James Fletcher. The papers were further illustrated by over 40 figures in the text. Besides those already mentioned, it included the following articles: ‘ What Entomology the Farmer and Fruitgrower should know,” “The Strawberry Weevil,” and “Injurious Insects of Quebec in 1908,” by Prof. Lochhead; “A Catalogue of the Gall Insects of Ontario,’ “Apparatus for Collecting small Arthropods,” and “ Notes on the Coccide of Ontario,” by Mr. T. D. Jarvis, Presi- dent of the Society. Among the popular papers were, “ Beetle Haunts,” by F. J. A. Morris; “ A Farmer’s Wood Lot,” by Dr. Fyles; “The Importation of Parasites of the Gypsy and Brown-tail Moths,” by Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology, Washington. The remaining papers were of a more or less scien- tifie character, viz: “Hydreecia Micacea in Canada,” and “The Entomological Record,” by Mr. Arthur Gibson; “ The Life History of Euchztias Oregonensis,” by Mr. H. H. Lyman; “ Observations on the Sorghum Midge,” by Mr. R. C. Treherne; “Bnemies of Ontario Coccide,’ by Mr. A. Eastham; “Two Butterflies added to the Montreal List,” by Mr. A. F. Winn; “ Collecting with a Lantern Trap,” and “Notes on Lachnosternas,” by Mr. J. D. Evans; “ The Tussock Moth in Toronto,” by Mr. P. Hahn; “ The Economic Importance and Food Habits of American Gall Midges,” by Dr. E. P. Felt; “Injurious Insects of the Year,” by Dr. Bethune and Mr. Gibson. A few days after the close of the meeting the members of the Society and a host of friends all over the continent were shocked and deeply grieved at the sad tidings that our much loved President, Dr. James Fletcher, was no more. His death took place at Montreal, on Sunday, November 8th, 1908, after an operation from which he had not the strength to rally. A great man, a master mind, an enthusiastic student of nature, a most lovable personality has been taken from us. In our last report a full obituary notice was given. It is therefore unnecessary to enter into any further account of the work of our lamented friend. “The Canadian Entomologist,” the monthly magazine of the Society, has been regularly issued at the beginning of each month. The fortieth volume was completed in December last, and eleven numbers of the forty-first volume have already been published. The volume for 1908 consisted of 471 pages, and was illustrated by 11 full-page plates and 20 figures from original drawings. The contributors numbered 69 and included writers from Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Alberta, British Columbia, England, the United States, Brazil, Norway, and the Hawaiian Islands. The articles are, as usual, largely of a scientific character, and 38 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 contain much highly valuable matter. No less than 33 new genera were described, 282 new species and 9 varieties or subspecies of insects belonging to various orders. The reports from the branches of the Society, at Montreal, Quebec, and To- ronto, are highly satisfactory, meetings having been regularly held and many papers read and discussed. Owing to the absence of the Secretary in England no report was received from the British Columbia Branch. Meetings of the Society were held from October to March at the Ontario Agri- cultural College, Guelph, on alternate Wednesday evenings. The attendance in- cluded a number of the more advanced students and a gratifying amount of interest was shown by all who attended. The following papers were read during the season: “'The Sorghum Midge in Louisiana,” by R. C. Treherne (4th year stu- dent) ; “ A Classification of Muscoidean Flies,” by W. R. Thompson (4th year student) ; “ Rearing Pomace Flies,” by E. W. Stafford (4th year student) ; “ Sug- gestions for Field Inspection,” by R. C. Treherne (4th year student) ; “ Notes on Eriophyde,” by J. Tothill (3rd year student) ; “ Memoir of the late Dr. Fletcher,” by Dr. C. J. S. Bethune (Professor of Entomology) ; “ Some Notes on Mites,” by T. D. Jarvis (Lecturer in Entomology) ; “ The Chalcidid Subfamily Eneyrtinez,” by Alfred Eastham (4th year student) ; “Remarks on the External Anatomy of Chalcids,” by A. C. Baker (2nd year student); “The Genus Tetranychus,”’ by R. C. Treherne; “ The Entomological Department at Macdonald College,” by A. G. Cutler (4th year student) ; “ Spiders,” by Dr. C. J. S. Bethune; “ Injurious Insects of the Season,” by L. Caesar (Demonstrator in Entomology). It is with deep regret that the Council have to record the death of Dr. William Brodie, of Toronto, who died on the 6th of August last, in his seventy-eighth year. He had recently been contributing a series of papers on Gall insects to the pages of the “ Canadian Entomologist,” and was occupied with the duty of looking after the collections in the Museum of the Department of Education. One of the oldest honorary members of the Society, Mr. William H. Edwards, died in the early part of the year. He had been one of the most regular contributors to the pages of the “Canadian Entomologist” during a long series of years and was known to the scientific world as the author of three most beautifully illustrated volumes on “The Butterflies of North America.” We have also to deplore the loss of another contributor in the person of Prof. M. V. Slingerland, of Cornell University. Obituary notices of these gentlemen have already been published in the pages of the “ Canadian Entomologist.” Efforts are now being made to hold an International Congress of Entomologists at Brussels, in August of next year. A large Committee has been formed to repre- sent the Dominion of Canada, including members of our Society in all the different provinces. It is much to be hoped that we may be represented by one or more delegates, and that the forthoming meeting may be a precursor of a long series in years to come. It is with much regret that the Council has learned that the Rev. Dr. Fyles, for so many years the active President of the Quebec Branch, has resigned his position as Chaplain to the Immigrants and removed to Hull, P.Q. The rest and retirement which he has so well earned by many years of laborious work will, it is hoped, be long enjoyed by this veteran entomologist. Mr. A. R. M. Boulton has been elected President of the Quebee Branch, which will, no doubt, continue as active and enthusiastic as heretofore. The Council has great pleasure in welcoming Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, the newly-appointed Dominion Entomologist for the Experimental Farms. It is a 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 39 great satisfaction to know that we have a successor to the late Dr. Fletcher who has had a thorough scientific training and is evidently quite competent to take up and continue the work of his illustrious predecessor. The country is to be congratulated on the acquisition of so able a man and it is trusted that he will long continue to work out and develop the various phases of economic and syste- matic entomology which will devolve upon him. We welcome him most cordially also to the ranks of our Society. Respectfully submitted, Tennyson D. Jarvis, President. REPORT OF THE MONTREAL BRANCH. The 302nd regular, and 36th annual meeting of the Montreal Branch was held at 74 McTavish Street on May 8th, 1909. The members present were: Messrs. Geo. A. Moore, in the chair; Henry H. Lyman, G. Chagon, G. A. Southee, E. C. Barwick, A. E. Norris, L. Gibb, F. Parkins, Jr., W. G. Gerth, A. M. Delisle, A. F. Winn. The minutes of the April meeting and last annual meeting were read and con- firmed. St. Hilaire was selected as the locality for Victoria Day outing. The Secretary read the following REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. During the season eight regular meetings have been held, the average attendance being eight members. Six new names have been added to the roll, and it is hoped that after the collecting season that they will help make our meetings interesting by bringing specimens of their captures as well as notes and queries on certain species. At the beginning of the present year, the Mount Royal Entomological Club was amalgamated with our Society, their books, pamphlets and funds being handed over tous. To take the place of part of the work of the late club, it was decided to hold informal meetings between the regular dates or during the summer. Two of these meetings have been held; one in January was devoted to examining the collection of lepidoptera of the Secretary; the other in April at Mr. Barwick’s, at which he showed his new cabinet and collection, and microscopic slides of insects were exhibited under three of the members’ instruments. The following is-a list of the papers read: Annual Address of President, Geo. A. Moore. A Supposed Addition to Montreal Lists (Incisalia Henrici), Henry H. Lyman. More Recollections, H. F. Winn. Captures of Hemiptera at St. Hilaire, May 24, Geo. A. Moore. “Go to the Ant, thou Sluggard,” Henry H. Lyman. Two Additions to the List of Montreal Butterflies, A. F. Winn. Note on Junonia Cenia in Maine, A. F. Winn. On Waiter-Striders, Geo. A. Moore. Respiration in Caterpillars, Henry H. Lyman. A Trip to Gardiner, Maine, A. F. Winn. A Small Collection of Insects from the Yukon, G. Chagnon. The Genus Triphleps (Hemiptera), G. A. Moore. Notes on a few Butterflies from the Yukon, Henry H. se Notes on Hepialide, A. F. Winn. Unnamed Capside, Geo. A. Moore. 40 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 Pseudohazis Shastaensis, A. F. Winn. The Shores of Ponds and Creeks as Collecting Grounds, G. Chagnon. Note on Capture of Colias Philodice, var. Luteitincta, A. F. Winn. A Card-Index Chart for Life Histories of Insects, A. F. Winn. Butterfly Collecting in Manitoba (selected), Capt. J. G. Boulton, Quebec. On Spittle-Insects, Geo. A. Moore. Remarks on Prof. Poulton’s Paper on Mimetic Species of Limenitis, Henry H. Lyman. Structural Characters of Our Species of Agrilus, G. Chagnon. On Luck, A. F. Winn. The report of the Treasurer shows a balance on hand of $72.86. The incoming Council are reminded of one or two matters not yet finished, viz., the selection and purchase of a suitable bookplate, the completion of bound sets of the Canadian Entomologist for our library, as well as the arrangement of outings for the summer and a programme for winter months. u Respectfully submitted. (Signed) Gxo. A. Moors, President. The President read the annual address, after which the election of officers was proceeded with, resulting as follows: President, Henry H. Lyman; Vice-President, G. A. Southee; Secretary Eee urer, A. F. Winn; Librarian and Curator, L. Gibb; Council, G. Chagnon, G. A. Moore, E. C. Bane F. Parkins, Jr. Mr. Lyman read a paper, entitled, “A Spring Gace ” describing a trip to Washington, D.C., and other places, made about April, 1908, illustrating his remarks by specimens of Lepidoptera and pressed plants. The meeting then adjourned. (Signed) A. F. Winn, Secretary. REPORT OF TORONTO BRANCH OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY FOR 1908-1909. The thirteenth annual meeting of the Society was held on Thursday, June 10th, 1909, in the Provincial Museum, St. James’ Square. The President, Dr. Brodie, was in the chair, and the following members were present: Miss Blackmore, Mr. Smith, Mr. Miller, Mr. Williams, Mr. Cosens, Mr. Laing and Dr. Abbott. The following officers were elected for 1909-1910: President—Dr. Bredie. Vice-President—Dr. E. M. Walker. Secretary-Treasurer—Mr. J. M. Laing. Librarian—Mr. J. B. Williams. Curator—Mr. J. M. Laing. Council—Mr. S. T. Wood, Mr. A. Cosens, Mr. T. J. Ivey and Dr. A. R. Abbott. During the past year meetings were held with an average attendance of eight members. The Society held an excursion to Niagara Glen, which proved both profitable and enjoyable 1910 INTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 41 The membership of the Society is now twenty-seven. During the past winter the tussock-moth and galls have received much attention, as the list of papers appended will show. The Librarian reports that publications have been received from the Entomolo- gical Bureau at Washington, from the Ohio and Connecticut Experiment Stations, and from the New York State Museum; and, as in former years, the Society have subscribed for a copy of the Hntomological News. The Treasurer’s report shows the finances to be in a satisfactory condition with a balance in hand of $1.35. Respectfully submitted, J. M. Laine, Secretary-Treasurer. List or Papers READ: Galls, Dr. Brodie; The Tussock Moth, Dr. Brodie; Collecting in England, Mr. Williams; Galls, Dr. Brodie; Characteristics of the Order Orthoptera Dr. Walker; Insect Mimicry and Evolution, Dr. Brodie; Ferns, Mr. Ivey; The Tussock Moth, Dr. Brodie. TREASURER’S REPORT. Receipts. Expenditures. Balance from 1907-1908 ........ $779 74 Late Treasurer’s Exp., Nov. 16, Late Treasurer to March 16,1908 89 25 TOT) is Be Alo GOST mcr 6 Goat $37 66 (yo 2 rh) (a 181 50 PPUMVULTNE as ee a ieye aun lavel Ore aie eho deve a 1,328 64 PPPIOUBERERIOTES, 655 ee eee ee eee 19 25 PATINA REDON treats eects fousi'wte sts vaveis 111 00 Sg nritil sis 320 Ch 33 00 SBIIERIASS gon Seb aeeo OO ROUBEnatOG 200: 00 20° SE 5 12 48 Expenses, Postage, etc........... 62 60 WEeICES, ECCS 2. 62.5.2 0 sce eee 397 62 Ammarali MG ebines 2 siya -cisiecis'= sisi « 80 81 CaS.) 66 5.0.00 CnC 7 40 Exchange on checks ........... 5 10 SL 6s 26 70 Library books and binding ..... 41 51 mummies; pins, etc. ........06...- 134 40 SUP PIES PINS (CLCH. siecewielesie'ssc <' 114 44 Expense: sale of cash-book and BULAN COM ctf eieincie cisisitisic.e\s e cistevs)s 373 06 ES: A rs 7 50 Governmen: grant—10 months.. 666 00 $2,354 84 ‘ $2,354 84 J. E. Howirr, Treasurer. Examined and found correct. S. B. McCreapy, J. W. Crow, Auditors. REPORT OF THE CURATOR. The Society’s collection during the last year has been increased by the addition of one hundred and eighteen new specimens. Of these, ninety were contributed by Mr. Charles T. Ramsden, Guantanamo, Cuba; twenty-two by Mr. T. Baird, High River, Alberta, and the rest by friends who do not wish their names pub- lished. Mr. Ramsden’s contribution consisted of eighty-five specimens of Lepi- doptera, chiefly butterflies and Spinx moths, one Orthopteron, three Diptera, and one Hymenopteron.’ These insects being almost solely exotic species have been placed in a case by themselves. All of Mr. Baird’s specimens were moths, principally 42 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 belonging to the Noctuidae. These have been distributed among the different cases according to families and genera. The other insects presented consisted of four Tare species of moths and two specimens of a rather rare scale insect. The Society is greatly indebted to the contributors, especially to Messrs. Ramsden and Baird, for their generosity. While gifts of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera are always welcome, there is great need of properly named species of Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera, and specimens of these orders are specially solicited from members or oii.cr collectors. ’ The collection has been thoroughly inspected from time to time and precautions taken to prevent loss from museum pests or from other causes. They are all in good condition and show no signs of deterioration. Respectfully submitted, L. Carsar, Curator. REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN. During the year closing September 30, 1909, twenty-nine bound volumes have been added to the library, making the total number on the register exactly two thousand. There are also a very large number of periodicals, pamphlets and bul- letins added to the shelves, many of which, it is hoped, will be bound during the next few months. No new book of any very great importance has appeared during the past year. Several parts of Wytsman’s “Genera Insectorum” have been pur- chased and others will be added from time to time. Forty-three volumes have been taken out by members during the year, and the books have been largely used for con- sultation by students and members of the Society almost daily during the College terms. Recently the work of making a card catalogue has been resumed and will be carried on steadily throughout the winter. It is expected that a complete catalogue both of subjects and authors will be accomplished by the annual meeting next year. This will render the books in the library much more accessible and useful to the members. Respectfully submitted, Cuartes J. S. BerHunn, Librarian. REPORT TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA. By ArtHur GrBsoN, DELEGATE, OTTAWA. I have the honour to report that the Entomological Society of Ontario has had a most successful year during 1908. It was with very great regret, however, that we had to record the death of our beloved friend and president, Dr. James Fletcher, which occurred at the Royal Victoria Hospital, on Sunday morning, November 8th, 1908. The forty-fifth annual meeting of the Society was held at the Ontario Agricul- tural College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, November 5th and-6th last. An interesting discussion took place at the first session on the chief insect pests of the 1310 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 43 season. The annual report of the Society which recently appeared contains a full account of the proceedings, with the papers presented at the meeting published in full. This is a report of 152 pages and is one of the most, valuable ever published by the Society. Among the papers which are here printed, the following may be mentioned : The Interpretation of Nature. By E. P. Felt, Albany, N.Y. The Economic Importance and Food Habits of American Gall Midges. By E. P. Felt, Albany, N.Y. Observations on the Sorghum Midge. By R. C. Treherne, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. Hydroecia Micacea, Esp. in Canada. By Arthur Gibson, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Further Notes on the Coccidae of Ontario. By Tennyson D. Jarvis, O. A. College, Guelph. Some Enemies of Ontario Coccide, By J. W. Eastham, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. “Some Beetle Haunts,” by an Amateur Botanist. By F. J. A. Morris, Trinity College School, Port Hope. A Catalogue of the Gall Insects of Ontario. By Tennyson D. Jarvis, 0. A. C., Guelph. Entomological Record, 1908. By James Fletcher and Arthur Gibson. Insects of the Year 1908 at Ottawa. By Arthur Gibson, C. E. F., Ottawa. Present Condition of the Work Connected with the Importation of the Foreign Parasites of the Gipsy Moth and Brown-tail Moth. By L. O. Howard, Washington, D.C. What Entomology the Farmer and Fruit Grower should know. By Wm. Lochhead, Macdonald College, Que. Injurious Insects in Ontario in 1908. By C. J. S. Bethune, Ontario Agricultural Col- lege, Guelph. Injurious Insects of uebec in 1908. By William Lochhead, Macdonald College, Que. The Farmer’s Wood Lot. By Rev. Thos. W. Fyles, Levis, Que. Life History of Euchetias Oregonensis, Stretch. By Henry H. Lyman, Montreal. The Society’s branches at Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, Guelph and Vancouver all report a most active year. They have all held regular meetings at which papers have been read and specimens exhibited for discussion. The British Colum- bian Branch publishes a Quarterly Bulletin, which gives concisely the work of the local members. Valuable notes on captures are included from time to time. The library of the Society, at its headquarters in Guelph, is continuously growing. During the year ending August 31st, 1908, 49 bound volumes were added to the Dibcary, making the tetal now on the register 1,971. The books of the Society are consulted almost daily by members and also to a considerable extent by the students of the Ontario Agricultural Society. Some interesting donations have been made during the year to the Society’s collections of insects. These collections are now being gone over and many old specimens have been replaced by fresher examples, bearing fuller particulars as to locality, date of collection, etc. The Canadian Entomologist, under the continued able editorship of the Rey. Prof. C. J. S. Bethune, completed last December its fortieth volume. This is a much larger volume than usual, containing 471 pages. Its articles are of the greatest value to entomologists, in fact it is absolutely necessary for anyone who studies insects to any extent, to subscribe to it. Sixty-nine different entomologists contributed to its pages last year, and a number of full page plates appeared as well as numerous figures in the text. It is impossible here to give a list of the papers published, but the following are some of the more important: British Columbia Syrphide, New Species and Additions to the List. By Raymond ©. Osborn, Columbia University, New York. New Histories and Species in Papaipema (Hydrecia). By Henry Bird, Rye, N.Y. Studies in the Genus Incisalia. By John H. Cook, Albany, N.Y. 44 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 Notes on the Lepidoptera of Kaslo, B.C., with Descriptions of Seven New Species. By George W. Taylor, Wellington. B.C. New Species of Colorado Aphidide, with Notes upon their Life-Habits. By C. P. Gillette, Fort Collins, Colo. Notes on Noctuide. By Sir G. F. Hampson, British Museum, London. List of Hemiptera taken by W. J. Palmer, about Quinze Lake, Que., in 1907. By E. P. Van Duzee, Buffalo, N.Y. New Species of Dolerine. By Alex. D. MacGillivray, Ithaca, N.Y. Type and Typical. By Henry H. Lyman, Montreal. Further Notes on Alberta Lepidoptera. By F. H. Wolley-Dod, Millarville, Alta. Notes on Tenthredinoidea, with Descriptions of New Species. By S. A. Rohwer. Boulder, Colo. New Species of Theridide. By Nathan Banks, East Falls Church, Va. Notes on the Species of Rhynchagrotis Sm., with Descriptions of New Species. By John B. Smith, New Brunswick, N.J. Recent Work among the Borers. By Henry H. Lyman, Montreal. Remarks on Some New Pselaphide. By Thos. L. Casey, Washington, D.C. Blennocampine—Descriptions of New Genera and Species—Synonymical Notes. By Alex. D. Macgillivray, Ithaca, N.Y. Notes on the Pterophorid# or Plume-Moths of Southern California, with Descriptions of New Species By Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., Pasadena, Cal. Some Remarks on the Phylogeny of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. By G. W. Kirkaldy, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. A Key to the North American Species of Aeshna found North of Mexico. By E. M. Walker, Toronto. Notes on the Coccinellide. By Thos. L. Casey, Washington, D.C. “Some Beetle Haunts, by an Amateur Botanist. By F. J. A. Morris, Trinity College School, Port Hope, Ont. : ADDRESS -OF THE PRESIDENT. By Tennyson D. Jarvis, ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH. It is my happy privilege to preside over the present meeting and very thank- fully do I accept the position which you have so kindly imposed upon me. I have the peculiar privilege of succeeding the late lamented Dr. Fletcher, whose labours and abilities need no words of praise or encomium from me, as they are so well known and so thoroughly familiar to you all. Besides the late Dr. Fletcher, who so eminently strove to advance the interests and welfare of this Society, we also most sincerely deplore the loss of the activities in our behalf of the late Dr. Brodie, of Toronto. Im the neighbouring States William Ashmead, Prof. Slingerland and W. H. Edwards have departed since our last meeting, and the entomological world suffers an immeasurable loss. The results of their untiring zeal and labours to discover what we might know, and what we should know, of the science of entomology have impressed their effects deeply and indelibly upon the minds and in the hearts of all students of this exten- sive and intricate science. In the interests of entomology I must congratulate this Society and the country at large on the arrival of Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, of England, now active at the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, and one whose reputation for good work in scientific and economic Entomology had preceded him to this country. Since the decease of the late Dr. Fletcher the department over which he presided has been divided, the Entomological division being taken charge of by Dr. Hewitt, ably assisted by Mr. Gibson, and the Botanical division by Mr. H. T. Gussow, assisted by Mr. Groh. I regard with pleasure the many new and effective methods which have arisen and have been adopted during the past few years for the diffusion of the know- 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 45 ledge of the science of Entomology. The work of the agricultural experts attached to High Schools in several counties of Ontario, will give a great stimulus to the study of Entomology. The office of the experts includes the teaching of the science in the high school, the conducting of experiments in farmers’ orchards and elsewhere, giving advice on agricultural matters and establishing libraries in each county which will contain work iargely devoted to Nature Study. Teachers of high and public schools have taken up the subject with more or less success and their work has been very prolific of good results. Another method, and one which may in course of time be a most powerful one to increase the study of entomology, is the three months’ course at the Ontario Agricultural College for Normal School students. Nearly two hundred students have during the past year availed themselves of this opportunity, and the number promises to be largely increased in future years. There is also the nursery and orchard inspection conducted through the horticultural branch of the Department of Agriculture by which an intimate know- ledge of injurious forms of insects is obtained and remedies are applied to prevent their increase and spread through infected fruit or stock. The Natural History Societies, with their publications on Nature Study, their excursions, their periodical meetings where eminent scientists are frequently invited to address the members, and in many other ways, have made great strides forward in obtaining and dif- fusing the knowledge of insects. Another attractive method for the enlightenment of the farmer, nurseryman and others upon this subject of insects, is found in the bulletins issued from time to time by experimental stations and agricultural col- leges, by which the quintessence, as it were, of the subject is brought to easy view within a few pages of reading matter. I must also acknowledge the good work of the Farmer's Advocate, Canadian Horticulturist, and the Weekly Fruitgrower for their assistance in the diffusion of knowledge and the instruction of their readers. These periodicals merit highly the splendid patronage accorded to them. From the position which I at present occupy I feel impelled to acknowledge that a large share of the means of disseminating a knowledge of the workings of our Society throughout the world is due to the Canadian Entomologist, our monthly magazine edited by Dr. Bethune. This publication has long since attained a posi- tion of celebrity in literary and scientific circles for the thorough information it imparts and the high standard of excellence it has attained and achieved. The graduates from this College in the Department of Biology also deserve to be mentioned as a potent factor in the gathering of facts and diffusing know- ledge in this science. Their studious and untiring researches and investigations, the zeal and energy with which they enter into their task, and the interchange of ideas resulting from them have greatly assisted in attaining a thorough knowledge of certain families of insects under all kinds of climatic conditions. We should not overlook the work of this College and of kindred institutions in the diffusing of the knowledge of Entomology and the stimulus they impart to research. Hundreds of students therein, undergraduates, are during the most favourable season of the year engaged in the gathering of insects and in the study of their life histories, their habits and their workings. A great deal is done for the spread of information regarding insects by the professors at the Colleges where the science of Entomology forms part of the cur- riculum, by correspondence with people of various pursuits making inquiries. There have been many hundreds of such enquiries answered during the past year by Dr. Bethune of this College, and this colleagues, and no doubt the same may be said respecting the correspondence in other Colleges of a similar character. 46 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 The lectures given by professors and graduates of Agricultural Colleges, and by others who have given the matter thought and study, upon all branches of Nature Study at meetings and gatherings of various kinds, also greatly assist in disseminating in a more or less successful way, the knowledge of this science and the useful application of what we know about insects. Among some of the latest and best works upon the subject of insects published during the past year may be mentioned “Our Insect Friends and Enemies,” by Dr. J. B. Smith; “ Insects and other Allied Pests, etc.,” by Fred V. Theobald; and “Fruit Trees and Their Enemies,” by Spencer W. Pickering. It is to be regretted that in the cause of research the methods employed are not always calculated to bring about the best possible results. Persons engaged in this work are often too easily contented with the discovery of individual insects and fail to profit by the ‘study of a family group of them. In this regard the pur- suit of research should be continued with more and better system and it would be well to inculcate into the minds of all entomologists that this science must be studied, not from individual insects alone, but also from observing the life history, the habits, the qualities and working of whole families. However, the proper methods have been adopted by a number of eminent scientists in this country and the United States as we learn from the reports of their successful researches. It is to be hoped that the governments of the day will be as generous, or even more so, in giving aid for the benefit of the science of entomology as they have been in the past, so that the work or research and the diffusion of information may not suffer from want of the means to carry them on. When able men, aided by the necessary means, are active, great results may be expected, and with the stimulus of new discoveries constantly before them, there is no fear that we should suffer disappointment; the benefits to our country and its people derived therefrom, will in all probability be equal to, if they do not surpass, any investment of energy and means in other causes. In closing my remarks I desire to thank you very heartily for your attendance here, for the excellence of your addresses, and the patience and close attention you have exercised during this meeting. If the enthusiasm for the science of ento- mology which you have displayed during this session is a true exponent of the spirit within you, it augurs well for profitable and successful years to come for the Entomological Society of Ontario. THE ORIGIN AND DIFFUSION OF ENTOMOLOGICAL ERRORS. By Henry H. Lyman, Montreat, QUE. Though using the word entomological, I shall confine my remarks to the Lepidoptera as the only order which I have studied, but doubtless similar condi- tions have given rise to similar errors in the other orders. Anyone who has looked over many collections of North American Lepidoptera must. have been struck by the number of mis-identifications of species, or trans- positions of names to be found in them, and an interesting study could be made of the numerous popular errors which have become current in time past, and which in many cases still persist. Indeed, their universality and persistence is quite remarkable and it seems almost hopeless to try to eradicate them. —_ ss 1910 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 47 Their origin can in most cases only be surmised, but their diffusion and per- sistence can be easily accounted for. In Europe they have always been much better supplied with illustrated works on Entomology than we have been on this con- tinent, and this is easily accounted for. In the first place the science was studied there long before it was here and many North American insects were described by European authors. Then there has always been a much larger number of col- lectors in Europe than in America, and if many of them have done nothing else to advance the science, their subscriptions have at least rendered possible the issue of well illustrated works, which was also assisted by the much cheaper rate at which such works could be produced in Europe than in America. The earliest important work devoted to the Lepidoptera of North America was the magnificent work by Abbot and Smith, in two large folio volumes on “The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia,” which was pub- lished in London in 1797, but this was a costly work and only found its way into the more important libraries and to a few wealthy collectors. Thomas Say, who has been called the Father of American Entomology, wrote between 1818 and his death in 1834, but it was only in 1859 that his complete writings on Entomology were collected by Dr. John L. Leconte, and issued in two volumes. Of the 54 coloured plates, only 12 were devoted to the Lepidoptera, most of the others being given to the Coleoptera. In 1841 appeared the first edition of Dr. Harris’ classic work on the “Insects of Massachusetts Injurious to Vegeta- tion,” and other editions were issued in 1842 and 1852, and the revised edition by Flint in 1861. But from none of these works could the names of more than a very few of the moths of this continent be learned, and, therefore, collectors were depend- ent upon the leading authorities in the various branches for the determination of their captures. As Mr. Grote was the leading authority upon the Noctuide, he was probably the one most frequently appealed to for determinations, indeed, he once advertised that as his time was so much taken up with this work he would for the future make a charge for naming specimens, which probably had the effect of materially reduc- ing the applications. Another who-did a great deal of this work was Dr. Herman Strecker, who advertised his readiness to determine material sent him. Under such conditions it can be easily understood that mistakes would be sure to arise. In many cases duplicate specimens would be numbered and sent for name, corresponding numbers being placed on other specimens, which were retained by the collector. Unless specimens were rare, their return would often not be asked, in order to avoid the return express charges, but a list with numbers and the names would be returned. Mistakes might happen in many ways. As has been said, “no one is infallible, not even the youngest of us,” and these high authorities would certainly have some errors in their collections, and so name these species wrongly for others. Again, in handling the specimens, the numbers of a couple might drop off and then be accidentally transposed in replacing them, and this might occur either in the hands of the one who named, or the collector who sent them. Or the collector might make -a mistake and think two closely allied forms the same and send one for name, while retaining the other as his numbered specimen. Given an initial error, its spread would be inevitable. John Brown, who had had his specimens determined by so high an authority as the celebrated Dr. Blank, would at once become an authority among those of his acquaintance whose speci- mens have not been so authoritatively determined, and these collectors would be 48 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 only too willing to have him name their specimens for them, and these in turn corresponding and exchanging with others would still more widely diffuse the error. One error which has become very widely diffused is the transposition of the names “ Gortyna nitela Guen.” “Gortyna nebris Guen.” The author of those names described nebris first mentioning the white spots and then in the description of nitela wrote: “Taille et couleur de la Nebris, dont elle ne différe que par l’absence complete des taches blanches,’ and yet in most collections the white marked one is called nitela and the one without white spots nebris. Another common error is the transposition of the names petulca and ferrealis in the genus Xylina, which was current in all our Montreal collections from the time that Grote and Strecker were naming material for the late Mr. Caulfield, until I discovered the transposition when studying the genus a few years ago. That that error must also have been widespread may be inferred from the fact, pointed out by Dr. J. B. Smith, that Dr. Holland figured ferrealis under the name petulca. Of course, an error could not become almost universal unless some prominent authority were himself in error, and that has undoubtedly frequently been the case. Dr. Scudder’s writings afford several curious instances of this. In 1863 he published in the Proceedings of the Essex Institute of Salem, Mass., “A list of the _ Butterflies of New England,” in which he describes as new Meli#ea Ginone and Melitwa Harristi, the latter being the species which Harris had placed hesitatingly under the name Melitzea Ismeria, Boisd. and Lec. Subsequently he ascertained by comparison of his @none with types of M. Nycteis, Doubl, and he had redescribed the latter species, so in his “Supplement to A List of the Butterflies of New Eng- _land,’”’ published in Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist. XI., 1868, he corrected his error in regard to it, but in some way which he was never able to explain, made another error in saying that M. [smeria? Harris was a synonym of Nycteis and not of M. Harrisii Scudder. In his magnificent work on the Butterflies of New England he made three transpositions. On plate 3, he transposed the numbers of the figures of Grapta Interrogationis var. Umbrosa and var. Fabricii, this he corrected in the appendix. On plate 10, he transposed the numbers of what he called Atrytone Zabulon male and female, but which is really Hobomok, and to this I called his attention, and in his third volume, in the part devoted to butterflies not found in New England, he transposed the descriptions of Brenthis Freija and Chariclea. More recent examples of curious transpositions are well known to most of us occurring in Holland’s beautiful “Moth Book,” and these, unfortunately, will have a wider effect on account of the thousands who will use the book, not one in ten of whom will ever see the corrections which have been published. Another class of errors is composed of those which have a purely typographical origin. A curious one of this kind, which, however, has no importance, occurs in a paper by C. E. Worthington, formerly of Chicago, Ill., entitled “Notes on Argyn- nis Alcestis.” (Can. Ent. X. 38.) After saying that both Alcestis and Aphrodite were found in the neighbourhood of Chicago, but generally at different localities, he says: “I have been greatly surprised at the readiness with which a strong aphrodite upon the prairie can be distinguished, while on the wing from the surrounding alcestis, etc.,” and I feel sure he wrote “stray,” but that it was misprinted “strong,” and this error was reproduced by Edwards in his magnificent work on the “ Butter- flies of North America.” More serious errors of typographical origin, er perhaps merely through careless transcription, are those in connection with names. 49 CIETY. ICAL S¢ OG NTOMOL( . vi ] 1910 - * DyoNjony DLOYdOsJId\*********** DIDYpausaqzUL DONAIOSATT ; GF ‘Gpg CYAXXX “Jusl “WDD os dO[AB INK MS) DO COG BOO0GEG Divpjawod pyydos, y os sete eee DIDULIA DPLODAID GZ 92 “TAXXX “Ua ‘UDO weet oa “IVA BG) WeaTT | een ge umes eretosely DIpUYUL DLLDID eee eeeee . 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America.. 111 Bank’s directions for collecting and preserving insects .....---------- 111 Bark-beetles ......-.------ 16, 18, 58, 113 Basswood, galls affecting .........-- 103 . - hfb. 2 04] SRS eIgRSIomineaigions 79 Beech, galls affecting ..........---- 105 "TUITE a Be eee eo 98 Beetles found on flowers .......---- 23 Bethune, C. J. S., article by ....-.-- 63 Beutenmuller’s Holcaspis and their DLE: 2 obo oe s0DCGOOn a GainEani rg 111 Birch-borer, the Bronze .......---- 13 Birch, galls affecting ........---- 105 ©) SI Scie 3 See 100 Blackberry miner ...........-.---- 18 Blaisdell’s Revision of Eleodiini .... 111 EMIREETIIGOCLICS ... 0 ese se see nee 11, 70 British Museum, Catalogue of Lepi- doptera Phalene ..............-- 111 Brodie, Dr. Wm., obituary notice of. 129 Browntail moth in Canada ......... 19 Buttonbush, galls affecting ........ 105 Oesar, L., article by .......------- 16 PORTE WOLTIA, . 2-5-0 0 cee sete ees 13 PUTAS G.-- 5 2 ee ee eee ees 7 RoE VITIGIS. 22 - eee 82 Cerambycid beetles at floweis ...... 25 PSHEPSE UUILES . 2.6.0.2 cee ee te ees 99 Cherry, galls affecting ............- 108 Chestnut, galls affecting ........... 105 BEREIPHPAIMOUN oo ocefe cise ee ease ee 12, 67 Coleoptera, captures of ....... .... 121 Coliecting and preserving speci- mens of Insects: Banks ......... iil fepsnonepia carnifex 5...) se. .jn20 15 Cottony maple scale°.............-. 64 Criddle mixture for grasshoppers ..10, 66 Cucumber beetle, the striped ...... 11 USES ST re TRA - BONES ree nee cre uae eiaceiere 73 worm (sawily)) 22.5. 0...5. 12 PAGE Diabrotica vittata ......--.----+-+-- 11 Diptera, captures of ......-------+--- 123 Dogwood, beetles frequenting ...... 28 Eccoptogaster rugulosus .........-- 16, 58 Elder blossoms, beetles frequenting. 26 Eleodiini, monograph of: Blaisdell... 111 Elm caterpillar, the spiny .....--- 3 Elm, galls affecting ........---.-- 13, 106 Wilm-leaf aphis'=..-. 5... .jccecen- es 13 MECC SCALG wera cvee stolsfere vernon sir ekons 14, 64 Empoasca mali .........-+-+----+-- 10 Ennomos subsignarius ............. 56 Entomological errors, origin of .... 46 Entomological record ..........---- 110 Epicauta Pennsylvanica ..........-- 11 Wpitrix«cucumeris .......------.--- 11 Eriophyes (gall-mites) ............ 101 Eulecanium nigrofasciatum ........ 18 Fall webworm ..2.-.22.5.2--5 ssieee 14, 73 Field crops, insects injuring .....-- 10, 70 NEAR Dee LLCS! peor strane crete aera neler ok= 1 11, 72 Forest and shade trees, insects at- BACK LINO: al Reyareretate cyst ae nenateletats (eco mie, Pate 13, 73 Fruit crops, insects affecting........ 12 Fruit-tree bark-beetle ...........--. 62 Fyles, T. W., articles by .........- 73, 76 Galihuites! Foie -selorenetorets cea stage) ann 3 Galls: on) elm=trees) .- 220. - ee = - 106 Garden plants, insects affecting. .14, 65, 72 Gibson, A., articles by ....9, 19, 42, 54, 110 Gossyparia spuria .........-....-- 64 Gimiiricyas) sey ceasanoeobcobonsvcnS 10 Grape, galls affecting .......-..-... 106 Grasshoppers --.--.------«-=-+:- 10, 66,70 Hampson’s Catalogue of British Mu- seum Phalene ............-+---+-- 111 Harrisimemna trisignata .......-.-- 81 PRAT VESE AITLCS. cleiw ene crete es sinyeiainie ence 96 Hawthorn bloom, beetles frequenting 27 Hawthorn, galls affecting .........- 106 Hazel, galls affecting ’...........---- 106 Hemiptera, captures of ........--+- 124 RCSSIAT MH Yi eieietclaie emit beige de woe 10 Hewitt, C. G., articles by ...-...--- 20, 3 Holland’s Moth Book, corrections of PELOUS Mee oe loteiere ea oe ee clsie ss a 49 Hopkins: Monograph of Dendroc- LOTUS ciate fe erieisie ose sereneiare selecer = et -l <1 112 Hoplia trifasciata ..........-------- 24 House flies and their allies ......... 30 Insect Friends and Enemies: Smith 112 Itch mites on man andanimals .... 101 Jarvis, T. D., articles by ......---- 44, 82 Juneberry, gall affecting ........-. 107 Pond nett 5 11 Ceeee Gab aetoo aCe rcerCr 13, 20 Wasius WILE ANE. < cckeie'- 2 = earn « view 51 [143] 144 REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 1910 | PAGE PAGE Lepidoptera, GADEUTES Of yer.e sree ele 114 Red ‘spider mite: oos.,.0. oc eeee 14, 95 Literature, Entomological .......... 111 Robber-flies of N. America: Back... 111 Lochhead, W., article by .......... 67 Root-mageots .sav.nc. eso ee eee 11 Locust, the Lesser Migratory ...... 10 TWYEUSSPLACCHSIS sos toe ccc tene ciel oats 14 Sanders, G. E., article b a8 ca yiG: Eh; ; bee 51 Lyman, H. H., article by .......... 46 San Jose .eeale ...5.... 20 steneee 185-22 : A Seale-os 14,1 Oyster-shell scale .-......-.....-..- 68 E Walnut, galls affecting ............ 106 Pea aphis, the destructive .......... 14 Water-bug, the Giant .............. SoiBae Peach-tree bark beetle ............. 60 Webworm, the Mall .~- 222 semen 13°} PBA Tab ROG eS WUE te ger-nncat ete arovelet sy vege torsonegere 12 Wheatstem maggot .............5. 10 t . Phicotribus liminaris . 2... ..052. 02.2 58 Wihite @TUDS: s-o<-.:0euuineeee eee 65, 72 Plant-bug, the Tarnished .......... 14 Williams, J. B.,,article by ....-.2.0% 14 BiNMIGNTGWWOr «cei eiecie ser err 17, 68 Willow, galls affecting .........05. 108 | Led NT baecd=72 11) [eeepc Meee oO rt ors OS 13, 108 Winn,A. E., article by. .=.- 2 2ch seem 56 Poplar; galls affecting ............:. 107 Wire wWOLMS) esto vrsyeren ie «nfo to) sheloleeeeenee 65, 71 PotatomheaDeetle: jee i. cyerrerscoleteyainreters 11 Wood-boring beetles on flowers ..... 25> FS PLerOnmusaprnesiit . -1u-7teioee iets = nen 12 : 7 Pulvinaria innumerabilis .......... 62 Xyleborus dispar ...........+--+s-- 58 ae ms up Y ; - 4 Entomological Society of Ontario Proceedings PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY i ne ees eee ae ental ee ee ee area Z,