RQ . NX \ SS : AN \ \\ SS A WN ANS AK VP \ WY \ NY WR AN MS A \ RQ " y (va iy He sl Ve anes Pe he Ae as as Cu ey he oh pi eh ae ee Ry Lh SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 72 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1928 ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organiza- tions and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The present volume is the seventy-second of this series. The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. WasuHineton, D.C., August 3, 1928. II TABLE OF CONTENTS Aupricu, J. M. New species of two-winged flies of the family Cyrtidae, with a new genus from the Philippines. No. 2705, Pp Octoper to. 19278 eI Pe eas NO nat New genus: Rhysogaster. New species: Lasia colei, L. rostrata, Rhysogaster implicata. Redescription of types of American muscoid flies in the collection of the Vienna Natural History Museum, with incidental notes. No. 2703, pp. 1-35. December 31, New genus: Pammaerus. New species: Huantha interrupta. ALEXANDER, Cuarutes P. Undescribed crane flies from the Holarctic region in the United States National Museum iNo=2698, pp. 1-17. ‘November 2, 1927 }_____1 2cas_52 4. New species: Brithura nymphica, Eriocera grahami, E. fumipennis, E. cybele, E. arrogans, Limonia nitidiuscula, Dicranomyia penicil- lata, D. negligens, Dicranoptycha occidentalis, Limnophila (E phelia) aldrichit, L. (Phylidorea) columbiana, L. (P.) microphallus, L. nigrofemorata, Ulomorpha aridela, Tricyphona stenoptera. Basser, Ray-S. <(See Canu, Ferdinand)._2__-_.....+.._- Berry, Epwarp W. The flora of the Esmeralda formation in New species: Azolla tertiaria, Potamogeton knowltoni, Salix knowl- tont, Ceratophyllum fossilium. Vaccinium ellipticum. New variety: Quercus simulata truncata. Canu, Frerpinanp, and Ray S. Basstzr. Fossil and recent bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. No. 2710, pp. 1-199. Thyssen) TUGAASS ae GI Fa SAN a MU see eal New species: Quadricellaria caraibica, Flustra (Carbasea) capitata, A plousinatuberosa, Hincksina periporosa, Membrendoecium strictor- ostris, Vibracellina laxibasis, Antropora pustulata, Alderina(?) pyriformis, Gephyrotes spinosum, Marssonopora uncifera, Callopora pumicosa, C. caudata, C. tenuissima, Cauloramphus opertus, Mem- braniporella petasus, Cribrilina lineata, Acanthocella clypeata, Dendrobeania lamellosa, Tremogasterina granulata T. ventricosa, Article 14 14 1 Date of publication. III IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Canu, FERDINAND and Ray S. BassteEr—Continued. New species—Continued. T. lanceolata, T. malleolus, T. sparsiporosa, Velumella americana, Dacryonella typica, Floridinella typica, F. parvula, Hemiseptella hexagonalis, Steganoporella brevis, Siphonoporella dumonti, S. granulosa, Exechonella pumicosa, Figularia(?) ampla, Petraliella marginata, Coleopora granulosa, Semthaswellia sinuosa, Buffonel- laria reticulata, Schizopodrella incrassata, S. falcifera, S. pungens, Gemelliporidra aculeata, Hippadenella floridana, H. rubra, Lepralia palliolata, L. fissurata, Microporella ampla, Cystisella americana, Smittina echinata, S. labellum, Palmicellaria aviculifera, Umbonula undulata, Rhamphostomella magnirostris, Bryocryptella convexa, B. reticulata, Schizellozoon elongatum, Rhynchozoon corniger, Reteporella prominens, Metrarabdotos unguiculatum, Tremoschizo- dina anatina, Crepidacantha longiseta, Lagenipora verrucosa, Holo- porella subalba, H.(?) tubulosa, Cellepora minutiporosa, Proboscina robusta, Oncousoecia arcuata, Peristomoecia floridana, Plagioecia dispar, Crisulipora orientalis, Domopora floridana. New variety: Petraliella bisinuata grandis. New names: Cellaria nodosa, Microporella normani, Mamillopora cavernulosa, Lichenopora buskiana. Cook, O. F., and H. F. Loomis. Millipeds of the order Colo- bognatha, with descriptions of six new genera and type species, from Arizona and California. No. 2714, pp. 1-26. March 16) 1928 2.65225 SU 5730 Waa oes * i oe ee New genera: Siphonacme, Illacme, Buzonium, Bdellozonium, Mito- cybe, Ischnocybe. . New species: Siphonacme lyttoni, Illacme plenipes, Buzonium cras- sipes, Bdellozonium cerviculatum, Mitocybe auriportae, Ischnocybe plicata. CusHMAN, JosepH A. Foraminifera of the genus Siphonina and related genera. No. 2716, pp. 1-15. December 14, 1927 *_ New species: Siphonina wilcoxensis, S. lamarckana, S. howei, S. ‘claibornensis, S. australis, S. philippinensis, S. bradyana. New variety: Siphonina jacksonensis, var. limbosa. CusHuMAN, R. A. Miscellaneous notes and descriptions of Ichneumon-flies. No. 2709, pp. 1-22. October 29, 1927 +__ New genus: T'richestema. New species: Ischnopsidea alberta, Cryptus caligatus, Agrothereutes rufopectus, A. slossonae, A. microalatus, Ischnus doddi, Tricho- cryptus bicolor, Trichestema helcostizoides, Ephialtes nigroaeneus, E. polychromus, Syrphoctonus foutsi, Himertus dakota, Protar- choides pallipes, Phrudus dakota, P. exarealatus, Podogaster cac- torum, Ceratogastra trifasciata. 1 Date of publication. Article 18 20 13 TABLE OF CONTENTS Fenton, F. A. New parasitic Hymenoptera of the subfamily Anteoninae from the Americas. No. 2704, pp. 1-16. Octo- ‘pr BTe GD), MQW) TES as ea ai oe ea ea esr New species: Lestodryinus dichrous, L. striatus, Psilodryinus graci- lis, Crytogonatopus clavicornis, Dicondylus longichelatus, Pseudo- gonatopus variistriatus, Eucamptonyx secundus, Pachygonatopus minimus, P. nearcticus, Chalcogonatopus areolatus, C. raptor, Epigonatopus tenuis, E. plesius, Agonatopus suturalis, Deinodryi- nus variabilis, D. pilosifrons, D. bilobus, D. pilosus, Chelogynus propodealis, C. minimus, C. rugulosus, G. virginiensis, Prenanteon micropunciatus. New variety: Deinodryinus variabilis carinatus. Fousom, J. W. Insects of the subclass Apterygota from Cen- tral America and the West Indies. No. 2702, pp. 1-16. HBecemmoetay Op lO 2 yuk. we eONRA Bins ly ae New species: Lepidocampa zeteki, Achorutes (Schéttella) caecus, Pseudachorutes albipes, Entomobrya cubensis, Lepidocyrtus usitatus, L. nigrosetosus, Salina wolcotti, Cyphoderus inaequalis, C. similis. New variety: Folsomia fimetaria var. dentata. FosHac, WituiaMm F., and Frank L. Huss. Rossite and me- tarossite, two new vanadates from Colorado. No. 2707, Peele December ol 1O2, ce 2 vee ee ee (SéepelessryMmamik si.) oe ee ee ee Hess, Frank L. (See Foshag, William F.)________--_-____- and WiuuiaM F. FosHac. Crystalline carnotite from Utah. No. 2708, pp. 1-6. November 29, 1927 '__ Hotmes, Grace B. A bibliography of the conodonts with descriptions of early Mississippian species. No. 2701, ppol—98. Hebruary 7;,1928 12 6 see le LU aac New species: Prioniodus alabamensis, P. alatoides, Ligonodina parvula, Hindeodella tenerrima, H. minutidens, H. germana, Lon- chodina irregularis, Prioniodella arcuata, P. inutilis, P. separans, P. undulata, Bryantodus inequalis, B. inclinatus, B. germanus, B. subangulatus, Euprioniodina germana, Hibbardella -curvata, Synprioniodina plana, Panderodella recta, P. subrecta, Polygna- thus gyratilineatus, P. pergyratus, P. trilobatus, P. pennatuloidea, Palmatolepis inequalis, P. elongata. LouMANDER, Hans. On some terrestrial Isopods in the United States National Museum. No. 2713, pp. 1-18. Octoberwks OQ wayye we luie Boas hice ta Saeed ey ae New genus: Detonella. Wooxmsurerh: (See ook Oo) wea 1 Date of publication. Vv Article 18 VI 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LoveripGs, ArTtHuUR. Description of a new species of gecko from Tanganyika territory, Africa. No. 2720, pp. 1-2. Marcel 14 VO2R Es. 22 ee on 2a So ape mentee tee New species: Lygodactylus manni. MALLOGH, J sR. 4 (See MeAtee, Wi. Li) oe aa eee eee MarsuHauu, WituiaAM B. The Australian land shell, Thersites bipartita and its allies. No. 2711, pp. 1-16. October 25, JUS. fa Pr SEN patios ie ea ESR POP, Ob Nee A E New species: Thersites (Hadra) waltoni, T. (H.) dalli. New subspecies: Thersites (Hadra) lizardensis lizardensis, T. (H.) l. suma, T. (H.) 1. rada, T. (H.) semicastanea alma, T. (H.) bartschi bartschi, T. (H.) b. mobiagensis, T. (H.) b. yamensis, T. (H.) b. oma, T. (H.) b. nura, T. (H.) b. nesia, T. (H.) b. paulensis, T. (H.) b. murrayensis, T. (H.) b. fama, T. (H.) b. elfa, T. (H.) b. diva, T. (H.) b. cepa, T. (H.) forsteriana ada. New species of mollusks of the genus Corbicula from Uruguay and Brazil. No. 2699, pp. 1-7. September SRN 7 Ps SY Mila a ld New species: Corbicula (Cyanocyclas) teisseirei, C. (C.) simplex, C. (C.) guahybensis, C. (C.) undulata, C. (C.) theringi, C. (C.) pla- tensis. McAteer, W.L., andJ.R.Mattocu. Synopsis of pentatomid bugs of the subfamily Megaridinae and Canopinae. No. 2721, pp. 1-21... February, 141928 (ses eae eee New species: Megaris majuscula, M. longula, M. hemisphaerica, M. stalii, M. semiamicta, M. constricta, M. antennata, Canopus fabricit, C. burmetsteri, C. germari. Merritt, Grorce P. Heretofore undescribed meteoric irons from (1) Bolivia, South America, (2) western Arkansas, and (3) Seneca Township, Michigan. No. 2700, pp. 1-4. Septena ber Dw LOD 7b LL ACE AGNES OO Se On newly discovered meteoric irons from the Wallapai (Hualapai) Indian Reservation, Arizona. No. 2718,-pp.1-4) December’ 2711927 “sss ae: eae Miter, Gerrits.,Jr. The rodents of the genus Plagiodontia. No, 2712; pp. 1-8. September 30; 19270 5525 2 ae New species: Plagiodontia hylaeum. ScHWwartz, BensamMin. Description of Ancylostoma pluriden- tatum, a hookworm of carnivores, and a review of the genus Ancylostoma. No. 2697, pp. 1-9. October 27, 19271___- 1 Date of publication. Article 24 25 15 25 22 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS SHANNON, Eart V. The oxidation of meteoric irons with comparative descriptions of two new examples of magnetic iron oxides from terrestrial sources. No. 2717, pp. 1-15, October 13, 1927!____-_ BRN RSet Rs Bic ps A fet eee STEJNEGER, LeonHarp. The green pit viper, Trimeresurus geramineus, in China. No. 2715, pp. 1-10. December 15, STEPHENSON, Luoyp W. Additions to the Upper Cretaceous invertebrate faunas of the Carolinas. No. 2706, pp. 1-25. CCGibDIO STE LAD) gs TUG A A i i a ES I eis ape ne New species: Cassidulus kellumi, C. emmonsi, Glycymeris subgyrata, Lima insolita, Anomia major, A. penderana, Pholadomya sublevis, Veniella (Htea), grandis, Crassatellites carolinana, Cardium (Trac- hycardium) marsense, Turritella subtilis, Pugnellus levis. 1 Date of publication. VII Article 21 19 10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES UNDESCRIBED CRANE FLIES FROM THE HOLARCTIC REGION IN THE UnitED States Nationa Museum By Charles P. Alexander Facing page 1. Wings and other parts of crane flies NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CORBICULA FROM UrvuGuay AND BRAZIL By William B. Marshall 1. New fresh-water shells from Uruguay and Brazil HERETOFORE UNDESCRIBED METEORIC IRONS FROM (1) Bo.ivia, SoutH America, (2) WESTERN ARKANSAS, AND (3) SENECA TownsHip, MicHIGAN By George P. Merrill MPS Olivaane meteoric Tomes 2 oe pt oS 2 eS 2. Meteoric iron from Seneca Township, Michigan. Etched slice of Bolivian meteoric iron A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN SPECIES By Grace B. Holmes INSECTS OF THE SUBCLASS APTERYGOTA FROM CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEsT INDIES By J. W. Folsom 1-8. Central American and West Indian Apterygota NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA OF THE SUBFAMILY ANTEONINAE FROM THE AMERICAS By F. A. Fenton itechela-of mew species of Anteoninaes 22s. 02.8 lee oe 2. Antenna of new species of Anteoninae 18 38 38 16 16 16 x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ADDITIONS TO THE UppEerR CRETACEOUS INVERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF THE CAROLINAS By Lloyd W. Stephenson Facing page 1—4. Upper Cretaceous echinoid fossils from North Carolina_____------- 5. Upper Cretaceous echinoid and mollusean fossils from North Carolina_ 6. Upper Cretaceous molluscan fossils from North Carolina_____------- - 7. Upper Cretaceous molluscan fossils from North and South Carolina-- 8-9. Upper Cretaceous molluscan fossils from North Carolina______----- FossIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION By Ferdinand Canu and Ray S. Bassler 26 26 26 26 26 1-34. Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. _.-_.-._-._.--_.-----=--- 166-199 THE AUSTRALIAN LAND SHELL, THERSITES BIPARTITA AND ITS ALLIES By William B. Marshall JS .eAustrauan land shells 22 52 een ae ser ee oro THE RODENTS OF THE GENUS PLAGIODONTIA By. Gerrit S. Miller, jr. is vodents) of the cenus| Plagiodontwas = see a 2 A ee MILLIPEDS OF THE ORDER COLOBOGNATHA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW GENERA AND TYPE SPECIES, FROM ARIZONA AND CALIFORNIA By O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis FORAMINIFERA OF THE GENUS SIPHONINA AND RELATED GENERA By Joseph A. Cushman l—4> foraminifera sot the genus S¢phonina =.= 2e see = ae ON NEWLY DISCOVERED METEORIC IRONS FROM THE WALLAPAI (Huawuapat) INDIAN RESERVATION, ARIZONA By George P. Merrill 1. The Indian, Dick Grover, with the larger of the Wallapai meteoric 2. Two views of the larger mass of Wallapai meteoric irons___________- 3. Etched slice of Wallapai, Arizona, meteoric iron, natural size_______- THE FLORA OF THE HSMERALDA FORMATION IN WESTERN NEVADA By Edward W. Berry 1-2) Mlora ot thes Hsmeraledarvformya tome eo end 16 26 26 16 awe 16 < LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF GECKO FROM TANGANYIKA TERRITORY, AFRICA By Arthur Loveridge XI Facing page i megudactulusimanitii «types <.=) (6 LeBow Ne i ee eee SYNOPSIS OF PENTATOMID BUGS OF THE SUBFAMILIES MEGARIDINAE AND CANOFINAE By W. L. McAtee and J. R. Malloch eeocnuctural details of Megaridinae_=2-222.222.2Ls. 2222 2sseee0l 22 . Structural details of Canopinae and Coptosomatinae____------------ bt = TEXT FIGURES DESCRIPTION OF ANCYLOSTOMA PLURIDENTATUM, A HOOKWORM OF CARNIVORES, AND A REVIEW OF THE GENUS ANCYLOSTOMA By Benjamin Schwartz 1-6. Ancylostoma pluridentatum Alessandrini, 1905. 1, Buccal capsule; 2, posterior end of female; 3, anterior portion of worm; 4, pair of ventral teeth; 5, bursa of male (somewhat diagrammatic); 6, region of cloacal opening showing spicules. a., anus; c .p., cervical papillae; d., dorsal ray; e. d., externo-dorsal ray; e. l., externo- lateral ray; znt., intestine; l. v., lateral-ventral ray; m. |., medio- lateral ray; n. r., nerve ring; p. l., postero-lateral ray; v. v., ventro- SELON EEL TRE 7 ea a ee UR ON sR 9d WO PRD Rerree noe eo UearO REDESCRIPTION OF TYPES OF AMERICAN MUSCOID FLIES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE VIENNA NaturaAi History MusEUM WiTH INCIDENTAL NOTES By J. M. Aldrich wd = as) > iS) 3 S) iw) ® 3 i=) > ® 3 S) iva) op) ° ler fee i=} iq) tae] NEW SPECIES OF TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE FAMILY CyYRTIDAE, WITH A NEW GENUS FROM THE PHILIPPINES By J. M. Aldrich 1. Rhysogaster implicata, new species. Abdomen, ventral view T. Ter- WPS MOLE TULL! ape! yeti 2 5s a) ay eas a ge gt MEG SOUCSUCTRIN DIUCALG.s. ui WINGY cones et ae ee a RoOssITE AND METAROSSITE, TWO NEW VANADATES FROM COLORADO By William F. Foshag and Frank L. Hess ieeAcandeb:. Crystal habitvolrossite.. = 2 see es Prlwinuenystaltor TOSSILe eee ee See eee ee MISscELLANEOUS NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES By R. A. Cushman 1. Trichestema helcostizoides Cushman____-______-___________________ OREO US COC OCG CU ShIn a Tse ee ee dee) OST eee 22 22 Page 21 21 29 (es) x] XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fossib AND RECENT BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION By Ferdinand Canu and Ray §. Bassler Page 1, Acanthodesia savarti Savigny Audouin, 1826. Longitudinal section, X< 85, exhibiting the two lateral septulae_______________________ 15 2. Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1852, A. Vibraculum, X 85, illustrating articulation. B. Opercular valve and apertural sclerite, X 85___- 16 3. Aplousina gigantea Canu and Bassler, 1927. Diagrammatic drawing of a zooecium, X 85, showing the tentacular sheath attached to the opercular valve. This is fixed to an exterior thickening of the ectocyst... =. 224252 See US ee ed een 20 4, Levinsenella brasiliensis, Busk, 1884. Opercular valve and apertura, <8), each bordered iby a sclerites =a) = see eee eee 26 5. Acanthocella clypeata, new species. A. Opercular valve, X 85. B. A small foraminifer, < 85, found with a zooecium. C. Cribrilina hmeata, Mew species, operculum, X°85 = 2 ae en eee 40 6. Genus Tremogasterina Canu, 1911. A. Tremogasterina lanceolata, new species, opercular valve, X 85. B-F. T. granulata, new species. B. Ordinary operculum, X 85. C. Operculum with thick chitinous band. D. Another form of operculum, X 85. E. Mandible, < 85. F. Longitudinal section through an ovicelled specimen, X 20. The zooecial wall is much calcified. The ovicell is hyperstomial, closed bywthevo pene ul urmass a ce aes eae a ec 46 7. Velumella americana, new species. A. Portion of the ectocyst, X 85, covering the opesium, showing the apertural structure. B. Draw- ing, X 85. C. Mandible of the onychocellarium with the elevator andocelusorsmuUsCles: CHANEY SV ales ISM SU Se SSN ER RA None. Sn .09 100. 387 99. 62 There is nothing striking in this result, but by a singular coinci- dence Prof. S. W. McCallie (of the Georgia State Survey) has but recently reported an iron found at a locality called Social Circle in his State that presents an almost identical appearance and granu- lated etched surface. The composition (column II above) agrees so closely that both analyses might have been thought made from the same mass except for the 0.09 per cent of tin, which is perhaps open to question. [3] Seneca Township, Lenawee County, Michigan (Cat. No.786) — This iron was brought to my attention by Stuart H. Perry, of the Adrian Daily Telegram, with the statement that it was found in July, 1923, and that it is supposed to be the result of a fall seen at Seneca ‘Township in 1914. The evidence thus far submitted can not, however, be considered as altogether confirmatory. As shown in the plate (pl. 2, upper), the mass is in the form of a flattened oval, and though oxidized and scaling somewhat on the outer surface still shows traces of the larger original thumb mark- ings. That it has lain exposed for some years is unmistakable. The present weight is 11.5 kilograms. An analysis by E. V. Shannon in the Museum laboratories yielded: Per cent TTS i Be SL SQA LP VCS pent eee OGIO ARE SAN 87. 17 SINISE Te TUN TT SN ag MU ela IT en GR areee RE eS 41.41 COL) O31 EM Ze daa OI SC ene a AUF 0. 26 Cj) oy OSS ASAE SIERO eS 87 ed rl a Re 0. 01 Se] ge Tate nee ane eager a RELA a ep DO aS AS AON AUE SRLG Ue cesM IEA 0. 05 5 Be} ONC OB yO) NDA BAS) ee Nol oe eB WU UR A BL Nes 0. 15 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. TZ No platinum was detected, as the amount of material furnished was insufficient for a satisfactory test. An etched surface shows the iron to be a medium octahedrite, the content of nickel places it with the rodeo group. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES PLATE 1 Two views of the Bolivian meteoric iron in the Canfield Collection. PLATE 2 Upper: Meteoric iron from Seneca Township, Michigan. Lower: Etched slice of Bolivian meteoric iron shown in plate 1. @ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 4 PL. 1 BOLIVIAN METEORIC IRON FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 4 PL. 2 ETCHED SLICE OF BOLIVIAN METEORIC IRON FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS WITH DE- SCRIPTIONS OF HARLY. MISSISSIPPIAN SPECIES By Grace B. Hotmes Of the Hastern High School, Washington, D. C. INTRODUCTION The present contributions to the study of the conodonts was pre- pared at the suggestion of Dr. R. S. Bassler and under his direction in the paleontological laboratory of the United States National Museum where extensive collections of these toothlike structures were avail- able. As Doctors Ulrich and Bassler had just completed their paper on the classification of the conodonts and had apphed their new classification in the description of an Upper Devonian fauna of western New York and an early Mississippian one from Tennessee, it was thought best that my work should carry these studies to the Mississippian rocks of Alabama and also include for the ready refer- ence by students illustrations of previously described species, with exception of three publications, and a bibliography of the group. The exceptions mentioned refer to the work of Bryant in 1921, Ulrich and Bassler in 1926, and Roundy in 1926, copies of which are still available to the student. ZOOLOGICAL AFFINITIES OF THE CONODONTS The affinities of the conodonts have been a subject of controversy almost since their discovery by Pander in 1856. That there was no doubt in Pander’s mind as to their relationship may be ascertained from the title of his monograph. He studied the internal as well as the external structure of the fossils and saw in their formation fishlike characters somewhat of the Selachian type. The question concerning the affinities of these fossils seems to have had its birth in the mind of Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Ohio, who after studying specimens found in the Cleveland shales remained undecided for some years whether they were Marsipobranchii (Cyclostomata) or Annelids. Hinde, who made the most comprehensive study of conodonts of any paleontologist up to Bryant’s work of 1921, classified them as primitive vertebrates, probably Myxinoids. He based his conclu- sions upon two facts: First, no gastropods which possessed such No. 2701.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 72, ART. 5. 55414—28——__1 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 teeth were found in the same formations nor did any crustaceans have such spines; and, secondly, the annelid jaws which he found | in the same beds are composed of chitin, while the conodont teeth contain both calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. He was of the same opinion in 1900, namely, that the teeth belonged to fish rather than to some invertebrate. In 1886 Rohon and Zittel decided that “the conodonts have structurally nothing in common either with the dentine of Selachia and other fishes, the horny teeth of Cyclostomi, the lingual teeth of the Mollusca, the hooklets of the Cephalopoda, or the broken segment spines of the Crustacea; on the other hand, both in form and in structure, they agree remarkably with the masticatory apparatus of the Annelida and Gephyrea.” ‘They came to the conclusion that since there is this agreement, all these microscopic teeth, those ac- knowledged by Hinde to be annelids and those which he called conodonts, are the oral or oesophageal teeth of worms. In reviewing the literature on conodonts it will be found that the most thorough students of these fossils believe they are the remains. of primitive vertebrates, probably some simple fish. In neither of John Smith’s papers on conodonts of Scotland can one find a sug- gestion that these are not fish teeth, but an exception is found when Asser Hadding places them in the phylum Annelida. In Grabau’s Text-Book of Geology, conodonts are described as horny, jawlike, or toothed structures developed within the body—the oesophageal jaws of worms. Bryant in 1921 remarks: “ On the whole, the longer I have studied these organisms the more have I become convinced that the true conodonts have hardly anything really diagnostic in common with annelid jaws. If, as I shall hereinafter try to demonstrate, certain of the leaflike forms are of the nature of pavement teeth, then the conclusion seems almost unavoidable that the conodonts must be con- sidered as the dentition of some primitive type of fishes.” In the recent publication on the subject of conodonts by Ulrich and Bassler they are regarded as teeth and plates of primitive fish. Their classification is as follows: Class PISCES TYPICAL CONODONTS (teeth of primitive fishes) Family DISTACODIDAE Ulrich and Bassler Distacodus Hinde, 1879 (Machairodus Pander, 1856, preoccupied; Machairodia Smith, 1907); Acodus Pander, 1856; Acontiodus Pan- der, 1856; Drepanodus Pander, 1856; Scolopodus Pander, 1856; Oistodus Pander, 1856; Paltodus Pander, 1856. ‘arr, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES BS _ Family PRIONIODIDAE Ulrich and Bassler Prioniodus Pander, 1856; Sudprioniodus Smith, 1907; Cordylodus Pander, 1856; Belodus Pander, 1856; Ligonodina, Ulrich and Bassler. Family PRIONIODINIDAE Ulrich and Bassler Cornuramia Smith, 1907; Hindeodella, Ulrich and Bassler; Pachysomia Smith, 1907; Lonchodina, Ulrich and Bassler; Prionio- dina, Ulrich and Bassler; Prioniodella, Ulrich and Bassler; Bryan- todus, Ulrich and Bassler; H’uprioniodina, Ulrich and Bassler; H7b- bardella, Ulrich and Bassler; Lonchodus Pander, 1856; Valentza Smith, 1907; Prionognathus Pander, 1856; Palmatodella, Ulrich and Bassler; Diplododella, Ulrich and Bassler; Synprioniodina, Ulrich and Bassler. FISH PLATES (dermal plates) Family POLYGNATHIDAE Ulrich and Bassler Polygnathus (Hinde) Bryant, 1921; Ancyrodella Ulrich and Bassler; Palmatolepis Ulrich and Bassler; Panderodella Ulrich and Bassler; Polygnathellus Ulrich and Bassler; Gnathodus Pander, 1856; Ctenognathus Pander, 1856. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CONODONT LITERATURE 1856. Panprr, C. H., Monographie der Fossilen Fische des Silurischen Systems . der Russich-Baltischen Gouvernements, St. Petersburg, 91 pages, 9 plates. (Contains original definition of conodonts with description of numerous genera and species. ) 1861. Harty, J., Geological Society, London, Quarterly Journal, volume 17, pages 543-552, plate 17. (Discusses zoological position. Probably several of his specimens described are not conodonts.) 1861. OwEN, RicHarp, Paleontology, Second Edition, Edinburgh, page 117. (Brief discussion of position.) 1863. Von ErcHwatp, C. E., Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, volume 36, page 375. (Brief discussion of systematic position. ) 1870. Moorr, CHartes, British Association for the Advancement of Science. Report of the 39th Meeting, 1869, pages 375-877. (Conodonts discussed but no specific description or figures.) 1875. Newserry, J. S., Geological Survey, Ohio, Report, volume 2, part 2, Paleontology, pages 41-44, plate 57. (Iilustrates various specimens without generic or specific names and discusses systematic position. ) 1878. UtricH, HE. O., Journal Cincinnati Society of Natural History, volume 1, pages 87-91, plate 4. (Briefly discusses conodonts.) 1879. Hinve, G. J. Quarterly Journal, Geological Society, London, volume 3D; pages 351-869, plates 15-17. (A general review of conodonts, with discussion of zoological relations and description of new forms. ): 1881. 1882. 1884. 1886. 1887. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1900. 1907. 1910. 1913. 1921, 1921. 1923. 1923. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 72 - . Youne, Joun, Glasgow Natural History Society, Proceedings, volume 4, pages 5 and 74. (Notice of occurrence of conodonts in Silurian and Devonian strata in Hngland.) Mason, Rosert, Glasgow Natural History Society, Proceedings, volume 4, page 190. (Records discovery of conodonts at a new locality im Scotland.) Rotix, Fr., Handworterbuch der Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paleontologie, volume 1, page 408. (Short discussion.) JAMES, U. P., Cincinnati Society Natural History Journal, volume 7, pages 143-149, plate 7. (Describes two conodonts.) . Ronon J. V., and Zrrren, VY., Sitzungsberichte der mathematische-physi- kalischen Classe der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen, volume 16, pages 108-136, plates 1, 2. (Discussion of zoological posi- tion from a chemical and physical standpoint.) CLARKE, J. M., New York State Geologist, Sixth Annual Report for 1886, pages 30-383, plate Al. (Description and figures of conodonts and annelid jaws from the Devonian of New York.) Girry, Grorce H., American Journal of Science, series 4, volume 6, pages 384-395. (Describes and illustrates a species from the Upper Devonian of Kentucky.) GraBpau, A. W., Bulletin Buffalo Society Natural Sciences, volume 6, pages 150-158. (Reproduces Hinde’s figures with condensed desecrip- tions. ) SmirH, Joun, Natural History Society, Glasgow, Transactions, new series, volume 5, pages 336-838. (Discusses occurrence of Scotch Carbonif- erous conodonts. ) Hinpe, G. J., Natural History Society, Glasgow, Transactions, new series, volume 5, pages 338-346, plates 9, 10. (Describes and figures 13 species of Seotch Carboniferous conodonts.) SmitH, Joun, Natural History Society, Glasgow, Transactions, new series, volume 7, part 3, pages 235-252, plates 5-9. (Discusses oceurrence of conodonts in Silurian rocks of Scotland and describes about 40 species and 4 new genera.) GrasBau, A. W., and SuHimer, H. W., North American Index YFossiis, In- vertebrates, volume 2, pages 248-245. (Conodonts of Genesee, Waverly, Chazy, and Lorraine listed. Figures copied from Hinde.) Happine, Assar, Lunds University Arsskrift, new series, volume 9, No. 15. Kongl. Fysiografiske Sillskapets Handlingar, new series, volume 24, No. 15, pages 30-32. (Describes eight new species of conodonts.) Bryant, WILLIAM L., Buffalo Society Natural Science Bulletin, volume 13, No. 2, pages 1-58, plates 1-16. (Reviews the literature and dis- cusses zoological position of conodonts. (Describes fauna of Genundewa limestone of western New York.) Grapau, AMADEUS W., A Textbook of Geology, Part 2, Historical Geclogy, pages 140 and 584. (Notes occurrence of conodonts in Upper Ordo- vician and Upper Devonian. Mentions probable zoological position.) Parks, W. A., assisted by Madeline Fritz. The Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Toronto and vicinity, part 3, Gastropods, Cephalopods, and Vermes. Thirty-first Annual Report, Ontario, Department of Mines, volume 31, part 9, pages 1-45, plates 1-6. (Hinde’s work on annelids and conodonts of Toronto region copied.) DrAN, Basurorp A., Bibliography of Fishes, volume 8, American Museum on Natural History. (Mentions that the zoological position of cono- donts is disputed.) ART. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES 5 1924. CLark, THOMAS H., Bulletin American Paleontology, volume 10, No. 41, pages 67-70, plate 6. (Describes seven supposed species of conodonts. ) 1925. Rounpy, P. Y., Bibliography of Conodont and Paleozoic annelid jaw literature, 4 pages. (Mimeographed; distributed by the Division of Geology and Geography, National Research Council, Washington, D. C.) 1926. UtricH E. O. and BAssier R. &., A classification of the tooth-like fossils eonodonts. with descriptions of American Deyonian and Mississippian species. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, volume 68, pages 1-63, plates 1-11. (Digest of classification in Bulletin Geological Society of America, 1925, vol. 36, pp. 218-220.) (1926. Rounpy, P. V. The microfauna in Mississippian Formations of San Saba County, Texas. Professional Paper 146, U. S. Geological Survey, pages 5-17 plates 1-4. (Describes 10 species and varieties of cono- donts, seven of which are new.) 1926. Burrs, Cuarites. Geology of Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama, Special Rept. No. 14, plate 48. (Gives illustrations of sixteen species figured in the present article.) BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST OF CONODONTS In this condensed bibliographic list of conodonts only the page and plate citations are given since the title of the work can be deter- mined from the foregoing bibliography of literature. For the proper generic references, | have followed the work of Ulrich and Bassler. Acodus PaANpbrER, 1856 (p. 21). Genotype (first species): Acodus erectus Pander, 1856. Acoedus acutus PANDER, 1856 (p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 12). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Acodus crassus PAnprER, 1856 (p. 22, pl. 1, fig. 10; pl. 2, fig. 13). Lower Ordo- vician, Baltic Provinces. Acodus erectus PANDER, 1856 (p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 1). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Acodus planus Panper, 1856 (p. 22, pl. 1. fig. 9). Lower Ordovician, Baltie Provinces. Acodus sigmoideus PanpbrER, 1856 (p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 11). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinees. Acontiodus PANDER, 1856 (p. 28). Genotype (first species): Acontiodus latus Pander, 1856. Acontiodus gracilis PANDER, 1856 (p. 28, pl. 2, figs. 2a-c). Lower Ordovician, Baltie Provinces. Acontiodus latus PANDER, 1856 (p. 28. pl. 2. figs. la—c). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Acontiodus triangularis PANDER, 1856 (p. 28, pl. 2. figs. 35a—d). (Acentiodus triangulosis on plate). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Ancyrodetla ULricH and Basstirr, 1926 (p. 48). Genotype: Ancyrodella nodosa ULRICH and BASsSLeR, 1926. Ancyrodella hamata ULRIcH and BasstEr, 1926 (p. 48, pl. 7, fig. 7). Mississip- pian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Ancyrodella malleus ULRicH and Basstmr, 1926 (p. 49, pl. 7. figs. 1, 2). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T2.. Ancyrodeila nodosa ULRicH and BassteEr, 1926 (p. 48, pl. 1, figs. 10-18).. De- vonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Ancyrodella symmetrica ULgicH and Basser, 1926 (p. 49, pl. 8, fig. 1). Mis-: sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Belodus Panprr, 1856 (p. 30). Genotype and only species:. Belodus gracilis, Pander, 1856. Belodus gracilis PANDER, 1856 (p. 30, pl. 2, fig. 21). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Bryantodus ULRicH and BassiErR, 1926 (p. 21). Genotype: Bryaniodus typicus ULRicH and Bassirr, 1926. Bryantodus coalescens ULRIcH and BasstEr, 1926 (p. 25, pl. 4, fig. 28). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y¥. Bryantodus conjunctus ULricw and BassrER, 1926 (p. 24, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Bryantodus crassidens ULRicH and BassuiEr, 1926 (p. 23, pl. 6, figs. 17, 18). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, ING MG Bryantodus crassus ULRICH and BassuErR, 1926 (p. 27, pl. 10, fig. 14). Mississip- pian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus crisiatus BRYant, 1921. Prioniodus cristatus BRYANT, 1921 (p. 20, pl. 3, fig. 9; pl. 6, fig. 7). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of - Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Bryantodus curvatulus ULRicH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 28, pl. 9, fig. 18). Mis- Sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus curvaius ULRicH and Bassurer, 1926 (p. 26, pl. 4, figs. 19, 20). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, ING IG Bryantodus dubius SmituH, 1900. Polygnathus dubius Smira, 1900. (Not Hinde, 1879), (p. 341, pl. 9, fig. 1). Carboniferous, Lower limestone, Birk- head, ete., west Scotland. Bryantodus duplicatus Hinpe, 1879. Polygnathus duplicatus Hinpg, 1879 (p. 364, pl. 16, fig. 19). ‘‘ Genesee, Bear Creek, Ontario.” Bryantodus germanus ULRICH and Basstirr, 1926 (p. 25, pl. 10, fig. 18). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus gracilis UtricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 27, pl. 10, fig. 10). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn, ; Bryantodus immersus HinpveE, 1879, Polygnathus immersus Hinpe, 1879 (p. 364, pl. 16, fig. 21). Prioniodus immersus Bryant, 1921 (p. 19, pl. 6, fig. 2). “Genesee, Kettle Point, Ontario.” Reported by Bryant from the Genun- dewa limestone. Bryantodus incertus ULRicH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 27, pl. 10, fig. 8). Missis-. sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. ; Bryantodus inequalis ULRIcH and Basser, 1926 (p. 22, pl. 6, fig. 14). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie .County, INGA Bryantodus insolens Utrrce and BasstEr, 1926 (p. 25, pl. 10, fig. 17). Missis-- Sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. arr, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES 7 Bryantodus macrodeniatus Bryant, 1921, Prioniodus macrodentatus Bryant, 1921 (p. 18, pl. 8, fig. 10). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Bryantodus minutus ULRicH and BAssiLerR, 1926 (p. 27, pl. 10, fig. 6). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus multidens UtRicH and BassterR, 1926 (p. 22, pl. 6, figs. 15, 16). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Bryantodus muricatus BRYANT, 1921, Prioniodus muricatus BRYANT, 1921 (p. 18, pl. 5, fig. 7). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hvans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Bryantodus nelsoni ULRicH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 28, pl. 10, fig. 9). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chatianooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus nitidus ULRIcH and BasstieEr, 1926 (p. 24, pl. 4, figs. 12-14). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Bryantodus normalis ULRIcH and Basstmr, 1926 (p. 24, pl. 4, figs. 25-27). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, INGEN GE Bryantodus obliquus ULRicH and BasstEr, 1926 (p. 23, pl. 6, figs. 19, 21). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Bryantodus obtusus BRyYAnt, 1921, Prioniodus obtusus BRYANT, 1921 (p. 20, pl. 3. fig. 6, pl. 6, fig. 1). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Bryantodus parvulus Bryant, 1921, Prioniodus parvulus Bryant, 1921 (p. 20, pl. 9). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hvans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Bryantodus pergracilis ULRIcH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 27, pl. 10, fig. 11). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus politus HinpE, 1879, Prioniodus politus H1nve, 1879 (p. 358, pl. 15, figs. 11, 12) ; Parks, 1922 (p. 37, pl. 6, figs. 26, 27). Upper Cincinnatian, Lorraine-Dundas, Garrison Common, Ontario. Bryantodus pravus BRYANT, 1921, Prioniodus pravus Bryant, 1921 (p. 18, pl. 8, fig. 5). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Eighteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Bryantodus radiatus H1npr, 1879, Polygnathus radiatus HinvE, 1879, (p. 864, pl. 16, fig. 20). Prioniodus radiatus Bryant, 1921 (p. 16, pl. 4, figs. 10-12; pl. 5, figs. 1-5, 8; pl. 6, fig. 5; pl. 7, figs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 8; pl. 14, fig. 1). “ Genesee, Kettle Point, Ontario”. Identified by Bryant from Genundewa limestone of western New York. Bryantodus retusus Bryant, 1921, Prioniodus retusus Bryant, 1921 (p. 17), pl. 4, figs. 8, 9; pl. 5, figs. 9, 11; pl. 8, fig. 3). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Eighteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Bryantodus semiseparatus UtricH and Bassirr, 1926 (p. 24, pl. 4, fig. 16). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Bryantodus sinuatus, UrricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 28, pl. 6, figs. 22-24). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Bryantodus spatulatus BRYANT, 1921, Prioniodus spatulatus Bryant, 1921 (p. 18, pl. 8, fig. 9). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. 8 . PROCEEDINGS, OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 72 Bryantodus subbrevis Utricw and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 28, pl. 10, figs. 15, 16). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at hase of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus subradiaius Unricu and Bassimr, 1926 (p. 26, pl. 10, figs. 12, 13). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus tenuis ULRicH and Bassurr, 1926 (p. 26, pl. 10, fig. 7). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Bryantodus transitans Utricu and Bass mr, 1926 (p. 26, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Bryantodus trideniatus Urricw and Basser, 1926 (p. 22, pl. 6, fig. 13). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Bryantodus typicus UtricH and Bassime, 1926 (p. 21, figs. 11, 12). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Centrodus PANDER, 1856. See Lonchodus PANDER, 1856. Centrodus converus PANDER, 1856. See Lonchodus converus. Centrodus distans SmirH, 1907. See Lonchodus distans. Centrodus duplicatus Hinpy, 1900. See Hindeodella duplicata. Centrodus erecius SmirH, 1907. See Lonchodus erectus. Centrodus invalidus Bryan, 1921. See Prioniodella invalida. Oentrodus lineatus Hinpr, 1900. See Hindeodelle lineata. Centrodus obliquus Smirn, 1907. See Lonchodus obliquus. Centrodus princeps Bryant, 1821. See Lenchodus princeps. Centrodus simplex PANDER, 1856. See Lonchedus simplex. Cordylodus PANDER, 1856 (p. 33). Genotype (first species): Cordylodus angu- latus PANDER, 1856. Cordylodus angulatus PanpErR, 1856 (p. 33, pl. 2, figs. 26-31, 34). Lewer Ordo- vician, Baltic Provinces. Cordylodus ramosus Happine, 1913 (p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 6). Ordovician Dicello- graptus zone, southern Norway. Cordylodus rotundaius PANDER, 1856 (p. 33, pl. 2, figs. 32, 38). Lower Ordo- vician, Baltic Provinces. Cornuramia SmirH, 1907 (p. 246) ; Utricuh and Basster, 1926 (p. 41). Geno- type: Cornuramia monodonta SmirH, 1907. ; Cornuramia bicornua SmitH, 1907 (p. 251, pl. 9, fig. 49). Ordovician, Arenig- Liandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Cornuramia diplodonta SmirH, 1907 (p. 246, pl. 5, fig. 25). Oxdovician, Arenig- Liandeilo, Ravengill, Scotland. E Cornuramia monodonta SmitH, 1907 (p. 246, pl. 6, fig. 20). Ordovician, Arenig- Llandeilo, Ravengill, ete., Scotland. Ctenognathus PANDER, (1856, p. 32) ; ULRIcH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 54) Rounpy, 1926 (p. 16). Genotype: Ctenognathus murchisoni PAnprER, 1856. Ctenognathus kayserlingit PANDER, 1856 (p. 32. pl. 2A, fig. 15). Carboniferous limestone, Tula, Russia. Otenognathus murchisoni PANpDrER, 1856 (p. 32, pl. 4, fig. 17; pl. 6, figs. 18a, Db). Silurian, Rootsiktille, Russia. Ctenognathus obliquus PANDER, 1856. See Hindeodella obliqua. Ctenognathus verneuilli PANpDER, 1856 (p. 32, pl. 4, fig. 18; pl. 2A, figs, 13, 14, 16, 17). Devonian, Wells on the Wolchow, Russia. Species of Valentia, Prioniodina, and Hindeodella are represented by these illustrations. ART, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES 9 Diplododella UtricH and BAsster, 1926 (p. 41). Genotype: Dipiododella bi- lateralis ULRicH and BaAsstire, 1926. Diplododella bilateralis UrricH and Bassier, 1926 (p. 41, text fig. 21, p. 16). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Distacodidae ULricH and BAsstrr, 1926 (p. 6). Distacodus Hxrnpe, 1879 (p. 357). Proposed for Machairodus PANpDER, 1856 (p. 22) preoccupied. Machairodia Smiry, 1907 (p. 246), also proposed in place of Machairodus PANpmrR. Genotype: Distacodus (Machairodus) itn- curvus PANDER, 1856. Distacodus angustus PanpER, 1856. Machairodus angustus PANDER, 1856 (p. 23, pl. 1, fig. 35). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Distacodus canaliculatus Panprr, 1856. Machairodus canaticulatus PANDER, 1856 (p. 24, pl. 1, fig. 23). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Distacodus dilatatus PAnpmr, 1856. Machairodus dilatatus Panprr, 1856 (p. 22, pl. 1, fig. 14; pl. 2, fig. 14). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Distacodus ensiformis PANDER, 1856. Machairodus ensiformis PANpDER, 1856 (p. 23, pl. 1, figs. 25-28; pl. 2, fig. 836). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Distacodus inaequalis PanperR, 1856. Machairodus inaequalis PANDER, 1856 (p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 38). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Distecodus incurvus PANDER, 1856. Machairodus incurvus PANvDrER, 1856 (p. 23, pl. 1, fig. 22). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces; Hinpr, 1879 (p. 357, pl. 15, fig. 9), and Parks, 1922 (p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 23). Upper Ordovician, Lorraine-Dundas, Garrison Common near Toronto, Ontario. Distacodus planus PANpER, 1856. Mechairodus planus PANpDER, 1856 (p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 89). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Distacodus rectus ULRicH and BAsstEr, 1926 (p. 6, pl. 9, fig. 22). Missis~ sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Distacodus rhombeus Smitru, 1907. Macheirodia rhombeus (Pander ?) SMITH, 1907 (p. 246, pl. 6, fig. 19). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, Ravengill, etc., southern uplands of Scotland. Distacodus rhomboideus Panprr, 1856. Machairodus rhomboideus PANDER, 1856 (p. 22, pl. 2, figs. 10-12). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Distacodus solidus PANDER, 1856. Machairodus solidus PANDER, 1856 (p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 15). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. : Distacodus sulcatus SmirH, 1907. Machairodus sulcata Smirrnu, 1907 (p. 246, pl. 6, fig. 17). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, Ravengill, southern uplands of Scotland. Drepanodus PANDER, 1856 (p. 20). Genotype (first species): Drepanodus in- flexus PANDER, 1856. Drepanodus acutus PANpDER, 1856 (p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 9). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Drepanodus arcuatus PANDER, 1856 (p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 2, 4, 5, 17, 30, 31). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces; H1inpr, 1879 (p. 357, pl. 15, figs. 7, 8) ; GraBav and SHIMER, 1910 (p. 245, figs. 1537 d, e) ; Parks, 1922 (p. 36, pl. 6, figs. 21, - 22). Ordovician, Lorraine-Dundas, Toronto, Canada. Drepanodus falcatus Hapvpine, 1913 (p. 30, pl. 1, fig. 3). Ordovician, Dicello- graptus zone, southern Norway. Drepanodus flecuosus PANDER, 1856 (p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 6-8). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces; Smiru, 1907 (p. 246, pl. 6, fig. 18). Ordovician, Arenig- Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. 55414—28 2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor. 72 Drepanodus inflecus PANpER, 1856 (p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 3; pl. 2, fig. 16). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Drepanodus obtusus Panprer, 1856 (p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 11). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Drepanodus robustus Happine, 1913 (p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 5). Ordovician, Dicello- graptus zone, southern Norway. ; Drepanodus verutus Happine, 19138 (p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 4). Ordovician, Dicello- graptus zone, southern Norway. Huprioniodina ULRicH and Basster, 1926 (p. 29). Genotype: Huprioniodina defiecta ULRicH and BASSLER, 1926. Huprioniodina acicularis HinpE, 1879, Prionicdus acicularis HinpE, 1879 (p. 360, pl. 15, figs. 18, 19). Devonian, Genesee, Kettle Point, Ontario; GraBau, 1899 _ (p. 151, fig. 33E). Huprioniodina ? alata Happine, 1918, Prioniodus alatus Happine, 1913 (p. 32, pl. 1, figs. 9, 10). Ordovician, Dicellograptus zone, southern Norway. Huprioniodina bryanti ULtricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 29, pl. 3, figs. 13, 14; pl. 1, fig. 21). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Euprioniodina conferta Utricu and Basster, 1926 (p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 18, 14; pl. 1, fig. 21). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Bassa group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Euprioniodina conferta ULRicH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 17>}. Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Euprioniodina curvata SmirH, 1907, Prioniodus curvatus Smiru, 1907 (p. 249, pl. 8, fig. 40). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Euprioniodina deflecta ULRicH and Bass er, 1926 (p. 29, pl. 3, figs. 11, 12). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, (shale Brie County, N. Y. Huprioniodina ? discedens Happine, 19138, Prioniodus discedens Happrne, 1913 p. 32, pl. 1, fig. 11). Ordovician, Dicellograptus zone, southern Norway. Euprioniodina ? furcata HinpeE, 1879, Prioniodus furcaitus HinpE, 1879 (p. 358, pl. 15, fig. 13) ; Parxs, 1923 (p. 37, pl. 6, fig. 27). Upper Ordovician, Lorraine- Dundas, Garrison Common near Toronto, Ontario. Huprioniodina ? lanceolata Smitu, 1907, Polygnathus lanceotatus Smita, 1907 (p. 245, pl. 5, fig. 16). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Huprioniodina peculiaris Utrich and Basster, 1926 (p. 30, pl. 10, fig. 3). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Euprioniodina perangulaia Utricu and Basster, 1926 (p. 30, pl. 3, fig. 10). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Euprioniodina ? radicans Hinpr, 1879, Prioniodus radicans Hinpr, 1879 (p. 356, pl. 15, figs. 1-6; Grapau and Sumer, 1910 (p. 244, figs. 1538 a-c). Lower Ordovician (Chazy) Grenville, Quebec. Gnathodus PanprER, 1856 (p. 33). Genotype (first species): Gnathodus mos- quensis PANDER, 1856. See also HINpm, 1879 (p. 365) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 22) 3 : ULRIcH and BaAsstmr, 1926 (p. 54), and Rounpy, 1926 (p. 12). Gnathodus americanus Bryant, 1921 (p. 22, pl. 7, fig. 5). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y.; Utricn and Basster, 1926 (p. 54, pl. 1, fig. 5). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Chaleton, Erie County, N. Y. art, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES ie Sle Gnathodus ? crassus Hinpe, 1879, Polygnathus crassus HinpE, 1879 (p. 365, pl. 17, fig. 3) ; GraBau, 1899 (p. 155, fig. 38) ; GraBAU and Surmer, 1910 (p. 248, fig. 1535c). Genesee, Genundewa limestone, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Possibly a side view of a Polygnathus. Gnathodus 2? curvatus Hinpe, 1879, Polygnathus ? curvatus HrinpE, 1879 (p. 366, pl. 17, fig. 7). ‘Genesee shale, Bear Creek, Ontario.” Gnathodus ? eriensis Hinpr, 1879, Polygnathus ? eriensis Binns, 1879 (p. 366, pl. 17, fig. 6). ‘“ Erratic boulder of black Genesee shale, north shore of Lake Erie, Ontario.” Gnathodus mosquensis PAnpER, 1856 (p. 34, pl. 2A, fig. 10a, b, ¢). Carbon- iferous, Moscow, Russia, Polygnathus (Gnathodus) mosquensis Hinpe, 1879 (p. 342, pl. 9, figs. 2-4). Carboniferous limestone, Dalry, etc., West Scotland. Gnathodus teranus Rounpy, 1926 (p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8). Barnett shale of Mississippian, San Saba County, Tex. Gnathodus texanus, var. bicuspidus Rounpy, 1926 (p. 12, pl. 12, fig. 9). Barnett shale of Mississippian, San Saba County, Tex. Hibbardelia UtricH and BaAsster, 1926 (p. 87). Genotype: Prioniodus angu- latus Hinpeg, 1879. Hibbardella angulata Hinve, 1879, Prioniodus angulatus Hinps, 1879 (p. 360, pl. 15, fig. 17) ; GraBau, 1899 (p. 151 fig. 33D); GraBau and Sumer, 1910 (p. 244, fig. 1587h) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 17). Upper Devonian, Rhinesireet shale of the Portage group, western New York. ? Prioniodus angulatus HinpeE, 1800 (p. 348, pl. 10, figs. 18, 19). Carboniferous lower limestone. Dalry, ete., West Scotland; Hibdbardella angulata (Hinde) Urreicu and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 37, pl. 3, figs. 1-4). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Hibbardella ? confertissima UtricnH and BaAsstrrR, 1926 (p. 38, pl. 3, fig. 5). ' Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Hibbardella multidens UtricH and BAsster, 1926 (p. 388, pl. 3, figs. 8, 9). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Hibbardella subaequalis Utrtcn and Bassier, 1926 (p. 38, pl. 3, figs. 6, 7). ’ Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Hindeodella UtricH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 38). Genotype: Hindeodella sub- tilis ULRICH and BASSLER, 1926. Hindeodeila aliernata UtricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 40, pl. 1, figs. 14, 15). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. 3 Hindeodella decurrens ULRicH and BAsster, 1926 (p. 40, pl. 8, fig. 18). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Hindeodella dubia SuiruH, 1907. Polygnathus dubius Smiru, 1907, not Hinde, 1879 (p. 245, pl. 5, fig. 15). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Hindeodella duplicata PANpER, 1856, Lonchodus (Centrodus) duplicatus PANDER, 1856 (p. 31, pl. 2A, figs. 7, 8). Carboniferous limestone, Tula, Russia. Cen- trodus duplicatus (Pander) Hinpz, 1900 (p. 341, pl. 9, fig. 12). Carbon- iferous, upper limestone, Monkcasile, Kilwinning, west Scotland. Hindeodella lineata PANDER, 1856, Lonchodus (Centrodus) lineatus PANDER, 1856 (p. 31, pl. 2A, fig. 9). Carboniferous limestone, Tula, Russia. Cen- trodus lineatus (Pander) Hinne, 1900 (p. 341, pl. 9, figs. 18, 14). Carbon- iferous, upper limestone, Monkcastle, Kilwinning, west Scotland. Lonchodus ? lineatus RounpDy, 1926 (p. 15, pl. 3, figs. 6-8). Barnett shale of Miss! ssippian, San Saba County, Tex. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 72 Hindeodelia longidens Utricn and BaAssier, 1926 (p. 40, pl. 8, figs. 14, 15). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Hindeodella obliqua PANpDER, 1856, Centrodus obliquus PANpbrR, 1856 (p. 33, pl. 2A, figs. 11, 12). Devonian, Gostinopolskoi, Pristan on the Wolchow River; Hinpr, 1900 (p. 344, pl. 10, figs. 27-29). Carboniferous, lower limestone, Birkhead, Dalry, west Scotland. Hindeodella recta ULRicH and Basster, 1926 (p. 40, pl. 8, fig. 16). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Hindeodella similis UnricH and BASssLeR, 1926 (p. 39, pl. S, fig. 20). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn, Hindeodella subequalis UtricH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 41, pl. 4, fig. 21). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Hindeodella subtilis ULRIcH end BASsLER, 1926 (p. 39, pl. 8, figs. 17-19). Mis- Sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn, Ligonodina Utrich and Basster, 1926 (p. 12), Genotype: Ligonodina pecti- nata ULRicH and BAsstmr, 1926. Ligonodina deflecta ULricH and Basster, 1926 (13 pl. 2, figs. 3, 4). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Ligonodina falciformis UtricH and BaAsster, 1926 (p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 11-13). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Ligonodina hibbardi ULRIcH and Basster. 1926 (p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, INE SYS Ligonodina hindei ULRIcH and Basser, 1926 (p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 14-16). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, ING -Ligonodina magnidens ULRicH and Basser, 1926 (p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 5,6). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, ING OYG Ligonodina panderi Hinpe, 1879, Prionodus panderi Hinpx, 1879 (p. 361, pl. 16, fig. 4); Grasav, 1899 (p. 152, fig. 33H); GRABAU and SHimeEr, 1910 (p. 244, fig. 1533a). Upper Devonian, Genesee or Portage, Mighteen Mile Greek, N. Y. Tigonodina panderi (Hinde) Utrich and Bassurr, 1926 (p. 13, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. : Ligonodina pectinata ULrich and Basstzer, 1926 (p. 13, pl. 2, figs. 9,10). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, INE NS: Ligonodina simplex ULricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 15, pl. 9, fig. 28). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Ligonodina tridentata ULRicH and Bassimr, 1926 (p. 15, pl. 9, fig. 5). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pieasant, Tenn. Loachodina UtricH and BassiEr, 1926 (p. 30). Genotype: Lonchodina typicatis ULRIcH and BaAssieR, 1926. ART, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—-HOLMES 13 Lonchodina abnormis ULricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 34, pl. 6, figs. 8-10). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Lonchodina alternata Uiric# and Basstre, 1926 (p. 35, pl 6, fig. 4). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, INNS Lonchodina arcuata Utricu and BASssLeR, 1926 (p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 15). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaieton, Hrie County, N. Y. Lonchodina bdilateralis Urricu and Basszer, 1926 (p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 18.) Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N.Y. Lonchodina clavata Hinpp, 1879, Prioniodus ciavatus Hinpe, 1879, (p. 360, pl. 15, fig. 16) ; Grapau, 1899 (p. 151, fig. 38¢) ; Graspat and Sumer, 1910 (p. 244, fig. 153876); Bryant, 1921 (p. 16, pl. 6, figs. 8, 6). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Lonchodina delicatula ULricu and Bassier, 1926 (p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 11). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, INNES Lonchodina discreta Utricu and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 36, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. Lonchodina erratica Hinpr, 1879, Prioniodus erraticus Hinps, 1879 (p. 359, pl. 15, fig. 14) ; GraBpau, 1899 (p. 150, fig. 833A); GraBAu and SuHimer, 1910, p. 244, fig. 1537¢) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 10; pl. 7, fig. 1). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hvans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Lonchodina geniculata ULRicH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 36, pl. 4, fig. 15). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County. N. Y. Lonchodina ? inerebescens ULRICH and BasstEr, 1926 (p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 20; pl. 3, figs. 15, 16). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Lonchodina paucidens ULtzicH and BASSstER, 1926 (p. 34, pl. 6, fig. 1). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Lonchodina peracuta Utrich and Bassipr, 1926 (p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 19). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. ¥. Lonchodina perlonga ULRicH and BAssteEr, 1926 (p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 6, 7). Upper _ Devonian, Rhinestreet shade of the Portage group, Shaleton, Brie County, N. Y. Lonchodina ? projecta ULRicH and Basser, 1926 (p. 35, pl. 5, figs. 9, 10). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Lonchodina ? prona ULRicH and Basster, 1926 (p. 36, pl. 5, figs. 16,17). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, INGA. Lonchodina rectangulata UtricH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 37, pl. 10, fig. 4). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 Lonchodine rectidens Utricu and BASsster, 1926 (p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 18, 14). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of' the Portage group, Shaleton, rie County, N. Y. Lonchodina separata UtzicH and Basser, 1926 (p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 12). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, IN: Lonchodina ? spinata Hanpine, 1913, Polygnathus spinatus Havpine, 19138, (p. 32, pl. 1, fig. 8). Ordovician, Dicellograptus zone, Southern Norway. Lonchodina subangulata ULricH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 3). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Lonchodina subrecta ULRicH and BAss LER, 1926 (p. 33, pl. 5, figs. 4, 5). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, INE OY Lonchodina subsymmetrica UtricH and BAsster, 1926 (p. 34, pl. 6, figs. 5-7; pl. 5, fig. 8; pl. 1, fig. 24). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y¥ Lonchodina transversa ULeEicH and BassiEer, 1926 (p. 34, pl. 6, figs. Z, 3). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Lonchodine typicalis ULgicH and Basster, 1926 (p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of the Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, ING ye Lonchodus PANvDER, 1856 (p. 80) (Centrodus PaNnprg, 1856, p. 31, preoccupied) ; ULRIcH and BaAsster, 1926 (p. 42); Rounpy, 1926 (p. 15) Genotype (first species) : Lonchodus (Centrodus) simplex PANDER, 1856. Lonchodus convexus PANDER, 1856. Centrodus converus PaNpDER, 1856 (p. 31, pl. 2A, fig. 4). Carboniferous limestone, Tula, Russia. Polygnathus (Centro- dus) converus (Pander) Hinpz, 1900 (p. 342, pl. 9, figs. 6-8). Carboniferous, Upper limestone, Monkcastle, Dalry, ete., west Scotland. Lonchodus coronatus HInvDE, 1879, Polygnathus coronatus HinpE, 1879 (p. 365, pl. 17. fig. 1). Devonian, Genesee, Kettle Point, Ontario; Grasau and SHimer, 1910 (p. 248, fig. 1535a); Bryant, 1921 (p. 21). Bryant records this species from Portage shale at Sturgeon Point, N. Y. Possibly a species of Lonchoding but Hinde’s restoration does not match any of the species so far noted. Lonchodus curvatus Surra, 190%. Polygnathus curvatus SmitH, 1907 (p. 245, pl. 5, fig. 11). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Lonchodus distans Smita, 1907. Centrodus distans Smiru, 1907 (p. 244, pl. 5, fig. 7). Ordovician, Arenig-Liandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Lonchodus duplicatus PANpErR, 1856. See Hindeodeila duplicata. Lonchodus erectus SuitH, 1907. Centrodus erectus SmirH, 1907 (p. 244, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2, 4,5). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Lonchodus lineatus Panprr, 1856. See Hindeodella lineata. Lonchodus minus Smire, 1907. Polygnathus minus Situ, 1907 (p. 245, pl. 5, fig. 8). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Lonchodus obliquus SmitH, 1907. Centrodus obdliquus SmirH, 1907 (p. 244, pl. 5, fig. 3). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Lonchodus parvus Smite, 1907. Polygnathus parvus Smitu, 1907 (p. 245, pl. 5, fig. 6). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. ART, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES 15 Lonchodus princeps HinpE, 1870. Polygnathus princeps Hinpe, 1879 (p. 365, _ pl. 16, fig. 23); Grapav, 1899 (p. 155, fig. 36) ; Centrodus princeps (Hinde) BRYANT, 1921 (p. 22, text fig. 6). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, New York. Polyg- nathus princeps (Hinde) SmitH, 1907 (p. 245, pl. 5, figs. 9, 10, 12, 13). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Lonchodus simpler PANDER, 1856. Centrodus simplex PANDER, 1856 (p. 31, pl. 2A, figs. 2, 3, 5, 6). Carboniferous limestone, Tula, Russia; Rounpy, 1926 (p. 15, pl. 3, figs. 1-5). Barnett shale of Mississippian, San Saba County, Texas. Machairodia SmitH, 1907. See Distacodus Hinpr, 1879. Machairodus PANDER, 1856. See Distacodus H1npE, 1879. Oistodus PANDER, 1856 (p. 27). Genotype (first species) : Oistodus lanceolatus PANDER, 1856. Oistodus acuminaius PANDER, 1856 (p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 20). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Oistodus inaequalis PANDER, 1856 (p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 37). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Oisiodus lanceolatus PANDER, 1856 (p. 27, pl. 2, figs. 17-19). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Oisiodus poralleius PAnprR, 1856 (p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 40). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Pachysomia Smitu, 1907, (p. 246) ; Utrich and Basser, 1926 (p. 43). Geno- type: Pachysomia wanlockensis Smith, 1907. Pechysomia wanlockensis SmitH, 1807 (p. 246, pl. 6, fig. 23). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Palmatodelia ULRicH and Basster, 1926 (p. 41). Genotype: Palmatodella delicatula ULRicH and BASssLEr, 1926. Palmatodella delicatula UtricH and Bassire, 1926 (p. 41, pl. 10, fig. 5; text fig. 20). Mississippian, Chattanooga shale, north of Huntsville, Alabama and Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mcunt Pleasant, Tenn. Palmatolepis ULricH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 49). Genotype: Palmatolepis per- lobeta ULRicH and Basser, 1926. Palmatolepis asymmeirica UtricH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 50, pl. 7, fig. 18). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. Palmeaiolepis bifurcata UteicH and BAssterR, 1926 (p. 50, pl. 7, figs. 16, 17). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. Palmatolepis extralobata ULricH and BASSsLrER, 1926 (p. 50, pl. 8, fig. 3). Mis- SisSippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Palmatolepis glaber Utricn and Basster, 1926 (p. 51, pl. 9, figs. 18-20). Mis- Sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Palmatolepis lobatula UntaicH and BAsstrr, 1926 (p. 50, pl. 7, figs. 3, 4). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. Palmatolepis peculiaris Utnicnh and Basster, 1926 (p. 51, pl. 8, figs. 11, 12). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas. ant, Tenn. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. T2 Palmatolepis perlobata ULRicH and Basser, 1926 (p. 49, pl. 7, figs. 19-23). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. Palmatolepis puncitata HINvE, 1879. Polygnathus punctatus Hinne, 1879 (p. 367, pl. 17, fig. 14); Grapav, 1899 (p. 157, fig. 48); Grapau and Suimer, 1910 (p. 244, fig. 1536d) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 25). Devonian, Genundewa limestone, at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, New York; Utricu and Bassimr, 1926 (p. 51, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7). Rhinestreet shale of Portage - group, Shaleton, Erie County, New York. Paltodus Panpgr, 1856 (p. 24). Genotype (first species) : Paliodus subaequalis PANDER, 1856. Paltodus bicostatus PAnprer, 1856 (p. 25, pl. 1, fig. 21). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Paltodus canaliculatus PANDmR (p. 25, pl. 1, fig. 36). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Paltodus obtusus PANDER, 1856 (p. 24, pl. 1, figs. 138, 16, 29, 32). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinees. Paltodus rotundatus Panpmr, 1856 (p. 25, pl. 1, figs. 33, 34). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Paliodus subaequalis PANDER, 1856 (p. 24, pl. 1, fig. 24). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Paltodus truncatus PANvER, 1856 (p. 25, pl. 1, figs. 18-20). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. é Panderodella ULricwH and BAsstEr, 1926 (p. 52). Genotype: Panderodeila truncata ULRICH and Basser, 1926. Panderodella mazillaris Utricu and Basster, 1926 (p. 53, pl. 9, fig. 21). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Panderodella scitula Hinpe, 1900, Polygnathus scitulus Hinpr, 1900 (p. 343, pl. 9, figs. 9-11). Carboniferous, upper limestone, Dalry, ete., west Scotland. Panderodeila serrata Hinpn, 1879, Polygnathus serratus Hinpp, 1879 (p. 365, pl. 17, figs. 4, 5). Devonian, Genesee, Kettle Point, Ontario. Panderodella solida WinpE, 1879, Polygnathus solidus’ Binpe, 1879 (p. 365, pl. 17, fig. 2); Grapsau, 1899 (p. 155, fig. 37); Grasau and Surarrre, 1910 (p. 243, fig. 15850); Bryant, 1921 (p. 27, pl. 7, figs. 7-10, 12). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Panderodella subcrassa ULzich and Basstmr, 1926 (p. 53, pl. 9, fig. 14). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Panderodella truncata ULRIcH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 52, pl. 9, figs. 15-17), Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Polygnathellus Urrich and Bassirre, 1926 (p. 53). Genotype: Polygnathellus typicalis Ulrich and Bassler, 1926. Polygnathellus cotligatus Bryant, 1921, Prioniodus colligatus Bryant, 1921, (p) 17,2plt 3;) figs: diyo2) Aseple 5p figs? 6.3103 pls Gy file 98s tpl i hiss se 16). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hyvans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Polygnathellus curvatus ULRICH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 54, pl. 1, fig. 4). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Polygnathellus typicalis ULricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 53, pl. 1, figs. 1-8). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. ART, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES D7. Polygnathidae Utricw and BassLeEr, 1926 (p. 43). Polygnathus Hinve, 1879 (p. 361) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 23); Utrich and Bass- LER, 1926 (p. 43); Rounpy, 1926 (p. 13). Genotype: Polygnathus pennatus Hinpp, 1879 (Polygnaihus dubius Hive, 1879, part). Polygnathus ? acaulis UtricH and Basser, 1926 (p. 47, pl. 8, figs. 4, 5). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Polygnathus alternans Happine, 1913. See Prioniodus ? alternans. Polygnathus argos T. H. CuarKk, 1924 (p. 70, pl. 6, fig. 7). Not a conodont. probably fringe of appendage of merostome or trilobite. Canadian, Point Leyis, Canada. Polygnathus bilineatus Rounpvy, 1926 (p. 18, pl. 3, fig. 10). Barnett shale of Mississippian, San Saba County, Tex. Polygnathus caelatus BRYANT, 1921 (p. 27, pl. 13, figs. 1-13). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Polygnathus ? claviger Rounpy, 1926 (p. 14, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2). Barnett shale of Mississippian, San Saba County, Tex. Polygnathus concentricus ULRIcH and Basstmr, 1926 (p. 47, pl. 8, figs. 6, 7). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. Polygnathus confluens UtricH and Basser, 1926 (p. 46, pl. 7, figs. 14, 15). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. Polygnathus converzus HinpE, 1900. See Lonchodus converus. Polygnathus crassulus ULricH and Basser, 1926 (p. 48, pl. 8, figs. 8-10). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. Polygnathus crassus HinpE, 1879. See Gnathodus ? crassus. Polygnathus cristatus HinpE, 1879 (p. 366, pl. 17, fig. 11); J. M. CrarKr, 1888 (pl. A-1, fig. 20); Bryant, 1921 (p. 24); Polygnathus dubius Hinpe, 1879 (p. 363, pl. 16, figs. 16, 18); J. W. Crarxke, 1886 (pl. A-1, fig. 20). De- scribed from Genundewa limestone at North Hvans, but probably from Portage beds of same locality, according to Bryant. Polygnathus ? curvatus HinprE, 1879. See Gnathodus curvatus. Polygnathus curvatus SmiryH, 1907. See Lonchodus curvatus. Polygnathus delicatulus ULricH and BassieEr, 1926 (p. 45, pl. 7, figs. 9. 16). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Polygnathus dubius Hinpe, 1879 (p. 362, pl. 16, figs. 6-18); Grasav, 1899 (p. 158, fig. 84) ; Grarau and Suimer, 1910 (p. 243, figs. 1533c-i; 1534a—c). Described from an assemblage of species of different genera on a slab probably of Portage age, western New York; J. M. CrarKe, 1886, pl. A-—1. Naples shale, Naples, N. Y. See Polygnathus pennatus. Polygnathus dubius Smitu, 1900. See Bryantodus dubius. Polygnathus dubius SmiryH, 1907. See H ndeodeila dubia. Polygnathus duplicatus Hinpr, 1879. See Bryantodus duplicatus. Polygnathus ? eriensis HinpE, 1879. See Gnathodus eriensis. Polygnathus foliatus BRYANT, 1921 (p. 24, pl. 10, figs. 13-16). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Eighteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Polygnathus feliwm UxricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 5). Mississip- pian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. 55414—28-—__3 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Polygnathus germanus ULRicH and Bassier, 1926 (p. 46, pl. 7, figs. 11, 12). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Polygnathus glaber Utrica and Basster, 1926 (p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 13). Missis- Sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Polygnathus immersus Hinnpr, 1879. See Bryantodus immersus. Polygnathus lanceolatus Smitu, 1907. See Huprioniodina ? lanceolata. Polygnathus linguiformis Hinpr, 1879 (p. 367, pl. 17, fig. 15); Grasau, 1899 (p. 157, pl. 44); Bryant, 1921 (p. 25, pl. 11, figs. 1-9; pl. 14, fig. 2). FPolyg- nathus simpler HinpE, 1879 (p. 367, pl. 17, fig. 18); Grapavu, 1899 (p, 157, fig. 46). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. ¥. North Shore of Lake Hrie, Ontario. Polygnathus minus SmirH, 1907. See Lonchodus minus. Polygnathus mosquensis HinpE, 1879. See Gnathodus mosquensis. Polygnathus nasutus HinpE, 1879. See Synprioniodina nasuta. Polygnathus navicula Hinpe, -1900 (p. 342, pl. 9, fig. 5). Carboniferous. Upper limestone near Douglass, West Sectland. Polygnathus ordinatus Bryant, 1921 (p. 24, pl. 10, figs. 10, 11). Upper De- vonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Polygnathus palmatus Hinpe, 1879 (p. 367, pl. 17, figs. 16, 17) ; Grapav, 1899 (p. 157) ; GraBau and Sumer, 1910 (p. 244, fig. 1536h). Genesee (?Portage) Kettle Paint, Ontario. Polygnathus parvus Smitu, 1907. See Lonchodus parvus. Polygnathus pauperatus SmirH, 1907. See Prioniodus pauperatus. Polygnathus pennatus Hinpe, 1879 (p. 366, pl. 17, fig. 8); J. M. CrarKkn, 1866 (pl. A-1, fig. 9); Grasav, 1899 (p. 156, fig. 38); Grapau and Sumer, 1910 (p. 248, fig. 1536a) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 23, pl. 10, figs. 1-9). Polygnathus dubius HINDE, 1879 (part), (p. 363, pl. 16, fig. 17) ; J. M. Cruarke, 1886 (pl. A-1, figs. 2, 3, 18). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hvans, HWighteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Polygnathus pennatulus Ulrich and Basster, 1926 (p. 45, pl. 7, fig 8, pl. 9, figs. 24, 25). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Polygnathus peracutus BRYANT, 1921 (p. 25, pl. 10, fig. 12). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Polygnathus princeps Hinpy, 1879. See Lonchodus princeps. Polygnathus punctatus HinpeE, 1879. See Palimatolepis punctata, Polygnathus radiatus HinpE, 1879. See Bryantodus radiatus. Polygnathus rhomboideus ULRicH and Basser, 1926 (p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 6). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Polygnathus rimulatus UtricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 45, pl. 1, figs. 8, 9). De vohian, Rhinestreet shale, Shaleton, N. Y. Polygnithus rotundilobus Bryant, 1921 (p. 26, pl. 12, figs. 1-6; text fig. 7). Polygnathus twberculatus Hrnpr, 1879 (part) (p. 366, pl. 17, fig. 10). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Eighteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Polygnathus scitulus Hinpe, 1900. See Panderodella scitula. Polygnathus serratus Hinpr, 1879. See Panderodella serrata. ART. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS——-HOLMES . 19 Polygnathus simplec Hinpr, 1878. Synonym for Polygnathus linguiformis HInpe, 1879. Polygnathus solidus Hinpz, 1879. See Panderodelia solida. Polygnathus spinatus Happine, 1913. See Lonchodina ? spinaia, Polygnathus sublatus ULzicH and Basster, 1926 (p. 47, pl. 8, fig. 2). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Polygnathus tafi Rounpy, 1926 (p. 138, pl. 3, fig. 11). Barnett shale of Missis- sippian, San Saba County, Tex. Polygnaihus texanus Rounpy, 1926 (p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 18). Barnett shale of Mis- sissippian, San Saba County, Tex. ~ Polygnathus truncatus Hinpr, 1879 (p. 366, pl. 17, figs. 12, 18) ; GraBau, 1899 (p. 156, fig. 42) ; Grasau and Sumer, 1910 (p. 243, figs. 15366, ¢). ‘‘ Genesee, Bear Creek, Ontario.” Polygnathus tuberculatus Hinpr, 1879 (p. 366, pl. 17, figs. 9, 10); Grapau, 1899 (p. 156, fig. 40) ; Grapau and Suimer, 1910 (p. 244, figs. 1536e, f); Bryant, 1921 (p. 25, pl. 12, figs. 7-9). Upper Devonian, Genundewa lime- stone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Polygnathus wilsom U. P. JAMES, 1884 (p. 148, pl. 7, fig. C). Ordovician (Mays- ville) Warren County, Ohio. Fossil of uncertain affinities. Prioniodella Utricu and Basster, 1926 (p. 18). Genotype: Prioniodella nor- malis Ulrich and Bassler, 1926. Prioniodella aequidens ULRicu and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 19, pl. 4, figs. 6, 7). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Prioniodella brevispina UtricH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 20, pl. 10, fig. 21). Mis- Ssippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Prioniodella conferta ULricH and Basser, 1926 (p. 21, pl. 10, fig. 25.) Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. ; Prioniodeila gracilis ULRicH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 20, pl. 10, figs. 22, 23). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Prioniodelia inaequalis ULRICH and Bass err, 1926 (p. 19, pl. 4, figs. 2,3). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Prioniodella infermata ULRicH and Bassurr, 1926 (p. 20, pl. 10, figs. 19, 20). Mississippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shaie, Mount Pleas- ant, Tenn. rioniodella invalida Bryant, 1921. Centrodus invalidus BRYANT, 1921 (p. 21, pl. 3, figs. 3, 5). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hvans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Prioniodella multidens ULRIcHw and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 19, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Prioniodella normalis ULRicH and Bassurre, 1926 (p. 19, pl. 4, figs. 1, 1’). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Prioniodella robusta UrricH and BaAssier, 1926 (p. 20, pl. 10, fig. 24). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Prioniodidae ULRicH and BASSLER, 1926 (p. 7). Prioniodina ULricH and Basstrre, 1926 (p. 18). Genotype: Prioniodina sub- curvaia Ulrich and Bassler, 1926. Prioniodina? gemina Hinpe, 1900. Prioniodus geminus Hinpn, 1900 (p. 344, pl. 10, fig. 25). Carboniferous, Upper limestone, Glencart, ete., west Scotiand. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. T2 Prioniodina recedens Bryant, 1921, Prioniodws recedens Bryant, 1921 (p. 18, text fig. 83; pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 6-14; pl. 2, figs. 14, 7, 9). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, IN OYe Prioniodina separata ULRicH and BAssteEr, 1926 (p. 18, pl. 4, figs. 17,18). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Prioniodina subcurvata ULRicH and Basser, 1926 (p. 18, pl. 4, figs. 22-24). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N.Y. Prioniodina? volborthiti PanpER, 1856. Prioniodus volborthii PanpER, 1856 (p. 30, fig. A on p. 20). Carboniferous? of Russia. Prioniodinidae ULRicH and BASstLzER, 1926 (p. 15). Prioniodus PANDER, 1856 (p. 29) ; Rounpy, 1926 (p. 10) ; UtricH and BASStiER, 1926 (p. 8). Genotype (first species) ; Prioniodus elegans PANDER, 1856. Prioniodus abbreviatws HinpgE, 1879 (p. 359, pl. 15, fig. 15) : GraBauv, 1899 (p. 150, fig. 33B) ; GRABAU and SHimeER, 1910 (p. 244, fig. 15387a) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 3-5; pl. 3, fig. 7). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hvans, Wighteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Prioniodus acicularis HinpE, 1879. See Huprioniodina acicularis. Prioniodus alatus Hinpe, 1879 (p. 361, pl. 16, fig 5); Grasav, 1899 (p. 153, fig. 3381) ; GraBAu and SHimer, 1910 (p. 244, fig. 153830) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 15, pl. 3, fig. 10; pl. 4, figs. 1-7). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hvans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y.; Ui~rica and BaAssimr, 1926 (p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 25, 26). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Hrie County, N. Y. Prioniodus alatus Hapvine, 19138. See Huprioniodina ? alata. Prioniodus ? alternans Happine, 1913. Polygnathus aliernans Happine, 1913 (p. 32, pl. J, fig. 7). Ordovician, Dicellograptus zone), southern Norway. Prioniodus anguiatus Hinpr, 1879, 1900. See Hibbardella angulata. Prioniodus armatus Hinpe, 1879 (p. 360, pl. 15, figs. 20, 21); GrasBau, 1899 (p. 152, fig. 883) ; GraBpau and SHimer, 1910 (p. 244, figs. 1537 7, 9) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 18); UtricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 12). “Genesee, North Evans, WN. Y.” Apparently from Rhinestreet shale of Portage, western New York. Prioniodus ? carinatus PANDER, 1856 (p. 30, pl. 2, fig. 25). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Prioniodus clavatus Hinpn, 1879. See Lonchodina clavaia. Prioniodus colligatus Bryant, 1921. See Polygnathelius colligatus. Prioniodus convplea Hinpn, 1900 (p. 344, pl. 10, fig. 24). Carboniferous, Upper limestone, Glencart, ete., west Scotland. Prioniodus concavus ULRicH and Basstmr, 1926 (p. 10, pl. 9, fig. 11). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Venn. Prioniodus cristatus Bryant, 1921. See Bryantodus cristatus. Prioniodus cultratus ULRicH and Bassurer, 1926 (p. 9, pl. 9, fig. 7). Mississip- pian Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Prioniodus curvatus Smite, 1907. See Euprioniodina curvata. Prioniodus curvidens UtricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 16, 17). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie, County, IN. We Prioniodus dilata Bryant, 1921, Prioniodus dilatus Bryant, 1921 (p. 20, pl. 7, figs. 8, 4, 11). Upper Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Hvans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Prioniodus discedens Happine, 1913. See Euprioniodina ? discedens. ART, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES PA Prioniodus disparilis Utraicu and Basster, 1926 (p. 10, pl. 9, fig. 12). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Prioniodus dorcens T, H. Crank, 1924 (p. 68, pl. 6, fig. 3). Not a concdont, but a spiny terminal fragment of trilobite. Canadian, Point Levis, Canada. Prioniodus dychei U. P. James, 1884 (p. 148, pl. 7, figs. A, C.). Ordovician (Maysvilie), Warren County, Ohio. Probably an annelid jaw. Prioniodus elegans PANvER, 1856 (p. 29, pl. 2, figs. 22, 23). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Huinpr, 1879 (p. 358, pl. 15, fig. 10) ; GraBau and SHIMER, 1910 (p. 244, fig. 1538d) ; Parks, 1922 (p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 24). Upper Ordo- vician, Lorraine-Dundas, Toronto, Ontario. Prioniodus equalis SuirH, 1907 (p. 249, pl. 8, figs. 88, 39). Ordovician, Arenig- Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Prioniodus erraticus Hinpp, 1879. See Lonchodina erratica. Prioniodus furcaius HinbE, 1879. See Huprioniodina ? furcata. Prioniodus geminus Hinpe. See Prioniodina? gemina. Prioniodus hamatus BRYANT, 1921 (p. 15, text fig. 5; pi. 2, figs. 5, 6, 8,11). Up- per Devonian, Genundewa limestone at base of Genesee, North Evans, High- teen Mile Creek, N. -Y. Prionicdus healdi Rounpy, 1926 (p. 10, pl. 4, fig. 5). Barnett shale of Missis- sippian, San Saba County, Tex. Prioniodus immersus Bryant, 1921. See Bryantodus immersus. Prioniodus inequalis Utricn and BaAsstrr, 1926 (p. 10, pl. 9, fig. 6). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn, Prioniodus inflatus SmirH, 1907 (p. 249, pl. 8, fig. 36). Ordovician, Arenig Llandeilo, southern uplands of Seotland. Prioniodus inutilis UtrichH and Basser, 1926 (p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 28). Upper Devonion, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Prionicdus lelaps T. H. CrarK, 1924 (p. 69, pi. 6, fig. 4). Not a conodont, but an annelid jaw, Canadian, Point Levis, Canada. Prioniodus macconochti SmirH, 1907 (p. 249, pl. 8, figs. 41, 42). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Prioniodus macrodentatus BRYANT, 1921. See Bryantodus macrodentatus. Prioniodus melampus T. H. CuarKe, 1924 (p. 68, pl. 6, fig. 2). Not a conodont. but the spiny terminal fragment of a trilobite, Canadian, Point Levis, Canada. Prioniodus muricatus BRYANT, 1921. See Bryaniodus muricatus. Prioniodus nasutus BRYANT, 1921. See Synprioniodina nasuta. Prioniodus obtusus Bryant, 1921. See Bryantodus obtusus. Prioniodus pamphagus T. H. CiarK, 1924 (p. 70, pl. 6, fig. 6). Not a conodont, but an annelid jaw and the same as Prioniodus leiaps T. H. Clark, 1924 Canadian, Point Levis, Canada. Prioniodus panderi HinnE, 1879. See Ligonedina pander. Prioniodus parvidentaitus ULRICH and BaAssLer, 1926 (p. 9, pl. 9, fig. 1). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant Tenn. Prioniodus parvulus BRYANT, 1921. See Bryantodus parvulus. Prioniodus pauperatus SmitrH, 1907. Polygnathus pawperatus SMitH, 1907, (p. 245, pl. 5, fig. 14). Ordovician, Arenig-Lilandeilc, southern uplands of Scotland. Prioniodus peracuitus Hinpr, 1900 (p. 348, pl. 10, figs. 21-23). Carboniferous, lower and upper limestone, Monkcastle, Dalry, ete., west Scotland; Rounpy, 1926 (np. 10, pl. 4, figs. 6-8) Barnett shale of Mississippian, San Saba County, Tex. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 72 Prioniodus politus H1npz, 1879. See Bryantodus politus. Prioniodus porcatus Hinpr, 1900 (p. 344, pl. 10, fig. 26). Carboniferous, upper ‘limestone, Monkeastle, ete., west Scotland. Prioniodus pravus Bryant, 1921. See Bryantodus pravus. Prioniodus proclinatus Uric and Basster, 1926 (p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 22). Upper _ Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. Y. Prioniodus proclinis Unricw and Basser, 1926 (p. 9, pl. 9, figs. 8-10). Mis- sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Prioniodus radiatus BRyAnt, 1921. See Bryantodus radiatus. Prioniodus radicans HinbeE, 1879. See Euprioniodina radicans. Prioniodus recedens BRYANT, 1921. See Prioniodina recedens. Prionicdus retusus BRYANT, 1921. See Bryantodus retusus. Prioniodus reversus ULRIcH and BaASssLerR, 1926 (p. 10, pl. 9, fig. 4). Missis- sippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn, : Prioniodus spatulatus Bryant, 1921. See Bryantodus spatulatus. Prioniodus spicatulus UtricH and BassteEr, 1926 (p. 9, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3). Mis- Sissippian, Hardin sandstone at base of Chattanooga shale, Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Prioniodus spicatus Hinpgr, 1879 (p. 361, pl. 16, figs. 1-3); Carer, 1886, (pl. A-1, fig. 22); Grapau, 1899 (p. 152, fig. 33G) ; Bryant, 1921 (p. 19). Upper Devonian, Portage-Naples and Rhinestreet shales, western New York; HInpg, 1900 (p. 348, pl. 10, fig. 20). Carboniferous, lower limestone, Birkhead, Dalry, ete., west Scotland. Prioniodus subcompactus Smiru, 1907 (p. 249, pl. 8, fig. 37). Ordovician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Seotland. Prioniodus sulcatus Panper, 1856 (p. 29, pl. 2, fig. 24). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Prioniodus tigris T. H. CiarK, 1924 (p. 69, pl. 6, fig. 5). Not a conotont, but probably fringe appendage of merostome or trilobite. Canadian, Point Levis, Canada. Prioniodus- theron T. H. CrarK, 1924 (p. 67, p!. 6, fig. 1). Not a conodont; probably fringe appendage of merostome or trilobite. Canadian, Point Levis, Canada. Prioniodus tulensis PANDER, 1856 (p. 30, pl. 2A, figs. 1, 18-20). Carboniferous limestone. Tula, Russia; Hinpr, 1900 (p. 348, pl. 9, figs. 15-20). Carbonif- erous, upper and lower limestone, Glencart, Dalry, ete., west Scotland. Prioniodus undosus ULRIcH and BassiErR, 1926 (p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 18-20). Upper Devonian, Rhinestreet shale of Portage group, Shaleton, Erie County, N. ¥. Prioniodus volborthii PANDER, 1856. See Prioniodina volborthii. Prionognathus PANprER, 1856 (p. 34); UtrticH and Bassirr, 1926 (p. 43). Genotype (only species): Prionognathus branditi, Pander, 1856. Prionognathus brandtii PAnNpDER, 1856 (p. 34, pl. 4, fig. 19). Silurian, Root- siktille, Island of Oesel. Probably not a conodont. Scolopodus PANpER, 1856 (p. 25). Genotype (first species) : Scolopedus sub- laevis Pander, 1856. Scolopodus aequilateralis PANDER, 1856 (p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 5). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Scolopodus costatus PANDER, 1856 (p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 7). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Scolopodus quadratus PANDER, 1856 (p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 6). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Scolopodus semicostatus PANprER, 1856 (p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 4). Lower Ordovician, Baltie Provinces. ART. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES 23 Scolopodus striatus PANpDER, 1856 (p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 8). Lower Ordovician, Baltic Provinces. Scolopodus sublaevis PANDER, 1856 (p. 25, pl. 2, fig. 3). Lower Ordovician, Baltie Province. Subprioniodus Smite, 1907 (p. 247). Genotype: Subprioniodus paucidentatus Smith, 1907. Genus retained provisionally for Ordovician species of Prienio- dus referred here by Smith. Subprioniodus acuius SmirH, 1907 (p. 250, pl. 9, fig. 45; pl. 7, fig. 33). Ordo- vician, Arenig-Llandeilo, scuthern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus calcarus Smirn, 1907 (p. 250, pl. 9, fig. 46). Ordovician, Arenig- Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus erassus SMitH, 1907 (p. 250, pl. 9, fig. 48). Ordovician, Arenig- Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus cringcrampensis SMiTH, 1807 (p. 248, pl. 7, fig. 85). Ordovician, Arenig-Liandeilo, southern uplands of. Scotland. Subprioniodus distans SMivH, 1907 (p. 250, pl. 9, fig. 44). Ordovician, Arenig- Liandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus equatis SmirH, 1907 (p. 248, pl. 7, fig. 31). Ordovician, Arenig- Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus faleaius Smiru, 1907 (p. 250, pl. 9, fig. 51). Ordovician, Arenig- Liandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus fardingensis SmMiTH, 1907 (p. 250, pl. 9, fig. 47). Ordovician, Arenig-Liandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus furcatus SmirH, 1907 (p. 247, pl. 6, fig. 22). Ordovician, Arenig- Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus gibbosus SmitH, 1807 (p. 247, pl. 7, fig. 27). Ordovician, Arenig- Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprionidus huntlawensis Smiry, 1907 (p. 248, pl. 7, fig. 834 a, b). Ordovician, Arenig-Lilandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus lanceolatus SmMirH, 1907 (p. 247, pl. 7, fig. 29). Ordovician, Arenig-Liandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus obliquo-lanceolatus Smiru, 1907 (p. 248, pl. 7, fig. 30). Ordo- vician, Arenig-Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniedus parvus Smiry, 1907 (p. 247, pl. 7, figs. 26, 28). Ordovician, Arenig-Liandeilo, southern uplands, of Scotland. Subprioniodus paucideniatus Smiry, 1907 (p. 247, pl. 6, fig. 21). Ordovician, Arenig-Liandeilo, southern uplands, of Scotland. Subprioniodus peracutus SmiTH, 1907 (p. 248, pl. 7, fig. 32). Ordovician, Arenig- Liandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. Subprioniodus subserratus Smiru, 1907 (p. 250, pl. 9, fig. 43). Ordovician, Arenig-Liandeilo, southern uplands, of Scotland. Synprioniodina ULRicH and Basstrr, 1926 (p. 42). Genotype: Synprioniodina alternata Ulrich and Bassler, 1926. Synprioniodina alternata UtricH and BAssier, 1926 (p. 42, text fig. 22). Mis- sissippian, Chattanooga shale, 18 miles east of north of Huntsville, Ala. Synprionicedina nasuta HINpDE, 1879. Polygnathus nasutus HINpE, 1879 (p. 364, pl. 16, fig. 22); Grapavu, 1899 (p. 155, fig. 35). Prioniodus nasutus (Hinde) Bryant, 1921 (vp. 19). Devonian, Genesee shales, North Evans, Highteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Valentia Smiru, 1907 (p. 251); ULricH and Basster, 1926 (p. 43). Genotype (only species) : Valentia morrochensis Smitu, 1907. Valentia morrochensis SmiruH, 1907 (p. 257, pl. 9, fig. 50). Ordovician, Areniz- Llandeilo, southern uplands of Scotland. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 DESCRIPTION OF EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN SPECIES All of the species herein described were obtained in the Chatta- nooga black shale of Karly Mississippian age at a locality 13 miles east of north of Huntsville, Ala. Family PRIONIODIDAE Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 Genus PRIONIODUS (Hinde) Bryant, 1921 PRIONICDUS ALABAMENSIS, new species Plate 9, figs. 1, 2 Tooth consisting of a long, thin, tapering, recurved cusp rising from a flat, thick bar. This central cusp is not produced below the base. A series of short, sharp pointed denticles which are well separated, rises at an acute angle from the bar. Cotypes—Cat. No. 11431, U.S.N.M. PRIONIODUS ALATOIDES, new species Plate 9, fig. 3 This is a more delicate species than Hinde’s Prioniodus alatus. The bar is straight, flat, and thin. The cusp is very wide at the base but tapers to a sharp point, extends below and forms an obtuse angle with the bar. The denticles and the cusp rise from the bar at obtuse angles. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11432, U.S.N.M. PRIONIODUS CULTRATUS Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 Plate 9, fig. 4 1926. Prioniodus cultratus ULRicH and BASSLER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 68, art. 12, p. 9, pl. 9, fig. 7. Tooth composed of a broad, fiat, tapering cusp rising from the slightly deflected end of a moderately flat bar at a right angle. Four long, sharp pointed, slightly recurved denticles are placed on the bar at obtuse angles with the base of the cusp. These are suc- ceeded by several short, smaller denticles. Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 11483, U.S.N.M. Genus LIGONODINA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 LIGONODINA PARVULA, new species Plate 9, fig. 5 The pointed, recurved cusp extends below a slightly curved bar on which are several denticles, well rounded and set at obtuse angles to arr. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—-HOLMES 25 the bar. A wide space separates the cusp and the denticles, which in turn are removed from one another by means of a space about equal to the width of a denticle. The characteristic suckerlike mark- ings are present on the downward extension of the main cusp. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11434, U.S.N.M. Family PRIONIODINIDAE Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 Genus HINDEODELLA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 HINPEGDELLA TENERRIMA, new species Plate 9, figs. 6, 7 A long, thin, sharp pointed cusp rises from a very slender bar. Two broken denticles are on one side of the cusp and nine or ten are on the other side, all widely spaced. Due to the concavity of the bar immediately below the cusp, it may be inferred that this is the inner side of the jaw. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 11435, U.S.N.M. HINDEOGDELLA MINUTIDENS, new species late 9, fig. § The upright denticles in this specimen are so minute and regularly, though closely, spaced and the bar is so long and flat that this conodont resembles a fine-toothed saw. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11486, U.S.N.M. HINDEODELLA GERMANA, new species Plate 9, fig. 9 The anterior side of the bar is very thick and bears several needle- like, irregular denticles. On the posterior side the denticles, which slant backward, are alternately long and short. In one or two places two small denticles are found between the longer ones. The pos- terior end of the bar terminates in a spinelike point. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11437, U.S.N.M. HINDEODELLA SUBTILIS Ulrich and Eassier Plate 9, figs. 10, 11 1926. Hindeodella subtilis UtricH and Basster, Pree. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 68, art, 12, p. 39, pl. 8, figs. 17-19. This species, described from the Hardin sandstone, is well repre- sented in the succeeding Chattanooga black shale, where entire speci- mens, such as these in Figure 10, are not uncommon. The character- istic basketlike expansion at the anterior end and the minuteness and decided alternation of the denticles along the bar are features easily eG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 recognized. Figure 11 represents a variety in which the alternation of the denticles is not so evident and the denticles are shorter. Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 11488, U.S.N.M. Genus LONCHODINA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 LONCHODINA IRREGULARIS, new species | Plate 9, fig. 12 Bar slightly outwardly bowed, irregularly curved, with the anterior end shorter and bent abruptly downward. Main cusp located at the point of downward bending, followed posteriorly by two equally large denticles separated by a minute one. Rest of bar occupied by narrow, more delicate denticles decreasing in size to the extremities. The irregularity of curvature and the three larger central denticles characterize this species. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11439, U.S.N.M. LONCHODINA DISCRETA Ulrich and Bassler Plate 9, fig. 18 1926. Lonchodina discreta ULRricH and Basster, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, p. 36, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2. : A pointed, short, robust cusp rises from an irregularly curved, narrow bar. The cusp is separated from the denticles on each side by spaces several times its diameter. The two denticles on one side of the bar are short and robust; on the other side there are three which are thin. Plesiotype-——Cat. No. 11440, U.S.N.M. Genus PRIONIODELLA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 PRIONIODELLA ARCUATA, new species Plate 9, fig. 14 Tooth minute, broadly arched, the bar of which is very narrow, but well rounded. Denticles all similar, being delicate and needle- like, but the long ones are grouped on the anterior part of the bar and the short ones on the posterior. The decided curvature of the bar, the absence of a main cusp, and the two sets of delicate denticles characterize this species. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11441, U.S.N.M. PRIONIODELLA INUTILIS, new species Plate 9, fig. 15 Bar broad, very slightly curved, bearing closely arranged, but distinctly separated denticles rather equal in size. Holotype—Cat. No. 11442, U.S.N.M. ART, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES 27 Genus PRIONIODINA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 PRIONIODINA SEPARANS, new species Plate 9, figs. 16, 17 Tooth consisting of a slender curved bar bearing fourteen or more rather short, flattened denticles, separated from each other by more than their own diameter and with a main cusp about twice the size of a denticle, developed at the angle of curvature. The cusp is slightly extended below the bar into a protuberance. The denticles are very similar to each other and to the cusp in shape. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 11443, U.S.N.M. PRIONIODINA UNDULATA, new species Plate 9, fig. 18 This bar is slightly arched alone the posterior extension, but is sharply deflected at the cusp, forming a right angle. The main cusp is very long, stout, well rounded, and bluntly pointed. The denticies on both sides are similar to the cusp but they are about one-third the size and they vary somewhat as to length. The denticies farthest from the cusp are upright but the nearer they approach the cusp, the more they bend toward this great central tooth. A space a little less than the width of the denticles separates them. Holotype—Cat. No. 11444, U.S.N.M. Genus BRYANTODUS Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 BRYANTODUS INEQUALIS, new species Plate 10, figs. 1, 2 The bar is traversed for half its length by a median ridge. The other half is very flat, curling slightly at the end. A broad, short, sharply po:nted, and slightly recurved cusp rises at an obtuse angle from the center of the bar. The cusp is about four times as broad as the denticles at its base. Posterior to the main cusp the denticles are short and slightly separated. On the anterior side the denticles are about twice this length, although they gradually become shorter as they approach the end of the bar. As the denticles become shorter they are at right angles with the bar, whereas the long ones near the cusp are noticeably curved toward that tooth. The unequal size of the two sets of denticles marks this species. Coty pes.—Cat. No. 11445, U.S.N.M. BRYANTODUS INCLINATUS, new gepecies Plate 10, fig. 3 Tooth triangular in outline, consisting of a broad flat sharp pointed main cusp, inclined to the bar, followed posteriorly by at least 10 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 72 slender denticles diminishing in size toward the extremity and ante- riorly by three or four similar denticles. All of the denticles are also blunt and are very much alike except in length. All are inclined with the main cusp. The strong inclination of both main cusp and denticles characterize this species. Holotype—Cat. No. 11446, U.S.N.M. ERYANTODUS GERMANUS, new species Plate 10, fig. 5 The wide, almost fiat bar is traversed for its entire length by a median line The upper and lower portions of the bar thus lie in two different planes. From the center of the upper half a broad angled and strongly recurved tooth rises. On the concave side of this cusp there is a broad, blunt denticle about as long as the cusp. The other denticles vary in length but are of the same general shape. On the other side of the cusp the denticles are longer, flatter, and very sharp. pointed. Narrow but equal spaces separate all of the denticles. Holotype—Cat. No. 11447, U.S.N.M. BRYANTSODUS SUBANGULATUS, new species Piate 10, fig. 6 This narrow bar is very strongly arched or angulated. On one side of the cusp the denticles are much shorter than those on the other side. All of the denticles become gradually shorter toward the ends of the bar. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11448, U.S.N.M. Genus EUPRIONIODINA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 EUPRIGNIGBINA GERMANA, new species Plate 10, fig. 7 The moderately arched bar is broad and angulated on one side of the cusp. On the other side it is stout but somewhat flat. Broad, heavy denticles rise from the long side of the bar. The terminal denticle is about as broad as any two of the others. All of the den- ticles are separated by very narrow spaces. There is a wide space on each side of the cusp which is round, very thick, and slightly ex- tended below the bar. On the short side of the bar the denticles are thinner than the others but they are quite substantial looking, They are short and widely spaced. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11449, U.S.N.M. arr, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY. OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES 29 Genus DIPLODODELLA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 DIPLODODELLA BILATERALIS Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 Plate 10, fig. 8 ' 1926. Diplododella bilateralis UtRicu and Bassier, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. ‘68, p. 41, text, fig. 21. The short, narrow, blunt cusp rises from the center of a strongly arched bar, both sides of which are about equal in length. The median ridge, extending the whole length of the bar, divides the bar into two parts which lie in different planes. Beneath the cusp there is a small concave depression. ‘The denticles, which are alike on both sides of the cusp, seem to rise from the median ridge rather than from the edge of the bar. Spaces wider than the denticles separate them. The denticles themselves vary in size; the nearer the ends of the bar, the smaller and thinner they become. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11306, U.S.N.M. Genus HIBBARDELLA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 HIBBARDELLA CURWVATA, new species Plate 10, fig. 9 _ This is a tiaralike tooth. There are five short, thick denticles with blunt points on each side of a narrow but very robust bar. Very wide spaces separate the denticles. The crownhke appearance is helped by the curved contour of the strongly arched bar. The blunt-pointed cusp is very wide, thick, and long. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11450, U.S.N.M. Genus PALMATODELLA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 PALMATODELLA DELICATULA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 Plate 16, fig. 10 1926. Palmatodella delicatula Uric and Bassirr, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 68, p. 4, pl. 10, fig. 5, text fig. 20. This sharply arched bar is distinctly divided into two parts. On one side of the long, angular cusp which has its origin in the peak of the bar, the round, thick bar bears a number of short, sharp- pointed and well-separated denticles. The other side has the appear- ance of a flat, finely serrated paim leaf. Here the denticles eradu- ally diminish in length from the very long one next to the cusp to the one at the end of the bar which is so minute as to be hardly distinguished from the bar itself. Spaces about the width of very fine hairs separate these denticles. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11307, U.S.N.M. 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOu, 72: Genus SYNPRIONIODINA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 SYNPRIONIODINA ALTERNATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 Plate 10, figs. 11, 12 1926. Synprionicdina aliernata ULRIcH and Basstre, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus,,. vol. 68, p. 42, text, fig. 22. Both of these specimens exhibit the interior sides of two opposite plates. The long, stout cusp, tapering to a very blunt point, divides. the bar into two unequal parts. The denticles are merely indicated on the short side of the sharply arched bar. The long side bears a number of long, needlelike denticles. In some places the relatively wide spaces between the denticles are filled with very fine denticles. In Figure 11 the denticles are much longer than those in Figure 12. Holotype and plesiotype.—Cat. No. 11808, U.S.N.M. SYNPRIONIODINA PLANA, new species Plate 10, fig. 13 The bar is very broad, flat, and strongly arched. A median ridge divides the bar into two parts. The cusp is fiat, very wide, and tapers a little toward a rather wide, blunt point. It is about twice the length of the other denticles, which are similar in shape. The spaces become wider as both ends of the bar are approached. All of the denticles are set at right angles to the bar, which is very long on the steeper side of the arch. This specimen, as well as several others the bars of which are divided by the median ridge, gives one the impression of being one of a series, set in a jaw, as the shark’s teeth are. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11451, U.S.N.M. Family POLYGNATHIDAE Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 Genus PANDERODELLA Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 PANDERODELLA RECTA, new species Plate 10, fig. 14 Our figure shows the convex side of the plate or tooth, the bar of which is very flat and broad. The cusp, which is scarcely different from the other short, blunt pointed denticles, is moderately produced as a flange below the bar. These denticles are all widely separated. The terminal tooth of the long side helps to form a convex end to the bar. Holotype—Cat. No. 11452, U.S.N.M. art, 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES 31 PANDERODELLA SUBRECTA, new species Plate 10, fig. 15 This specimen is a modification of Panderodella recta. ‘The de- flection of the bar is more noticeable. The denticles on the long side of the bar are short, spear-shaped, and evenly spaced. Those on the deflected side are needlelike. Holotype—Cat. No. 11453, U.S.N.M. Genus POLYGNATHUS (Hinde) Bryant, 1921 POLYGNATHUS GYBRATILINEATUS, new species Plate 11, figs. 1, 2 Plate an irregular polygon with the tubercules united so as to form parallel ridges extending in concentric lines from one side of the median ridge to a place on the other side directly opposite the point of origin. The median ridge, which is slightly flexed to the right and to the left, is produced beyond the plate into a carina bearing denticles. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 11454, U.S.N.M. POLYGNATHUS PERGYRATUS, new species Plate 11, fig. 3 This species is very similar to Polygnathus gyratilineatus but the lines are much closer together. The posterior end of the plate is produced into a carina as usual in this type of species. Holotype.—Cat. No. 11455, U.S.N.M. POLYGNATHUS TRILOBATUS, new species Plate 11, fig. 4 As its name indicates this is a distinctly three-lobed plate. The anterior lobe is long and narrow, while the lateral lobes sweep in broad lines from the anterior lobe to the carina. A low median ridge rises in the middle of the anterior lobe becoming flattened towards the top but gradually narrowing posteriorly until it is produced beyond the plate into a broad carina, bearing denticles. The tubercules of the basal portion are stronger and more concen- trically arranged than in Polygnathus concentricus. The tubercules. of the anterior lobe extend from side to side across the top of the median ridge. Holotype-—Cat. No. 11456, U.S.N.M. - 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOU. 72 POLYGNATHUS CONCENTRICUS Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 Plate 11, figs. 5-7 1926. Polygnaihus concentricus ULricu and Bassirr, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol 68, p. 47, pl. 8, figs. 6, 7. The plate is roughly triangular, having three well-defined lobes. The rounded lateral iobes gradually disappear into the sides of the sharp-pointed anterior lobe by means of a shallow, curving indenta- tion. The plate is slightly depressed toward the posterior end but elevated in the anterior lobe. The median ridge, which is low but sharp in the posterior end, extends the entire length of the plate and in the anterior lobe becomes broad, being produced beyond the plate by a carina bearing several round, compressed denticles. Both the median ridge and the carina are somewhat sinuous in their courses. Short tubercules are concentrically arranged in the lobes. In the anterior lobe, where they cross the median ridge, they are so closely spaced as to appear as continuous lines. Compared with Polygnathus tralobatus, this species differs in its more finely marked basal portion and in the extension of the median ridge to the anterior extremity. Plesioty pes —Cat. No. 11457, U.S.N.M. POLYGNATHUS RHOMBOIDEUS Ulrich and Bassler Plate 11, figs. 11, 12 1926. Polygnathus rhomboideus ULRicH and Basser, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol, 68, p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 6. Plate rhomboidal in shape. Posterior lobe long and narrow. Lateral lobes slightly broader and somewhat rounded. The median ridge which extends the length of the plate is extended beyond the plate by a short, narrow carina, bearing several denticles, varying in shape and size. These denticles are extensions of those borne on the median ridge. In the anterior end of the plate the ridge is traversed by tubercules concentrically arranged but terminating abruptly at the ill-defined base of the ridge. Parallel rows of denticles extend from the anterior lobe to the origin of the carina, where they turn at a sharp angle and terminate in the margin of the lateral lobes. The rhomboidal shape, less conspicuous transverse ribs, fewer rows of tubercules, and their more longitudinal arrangement, dis- tinguish this species from its allies such as Polygnathus concentricus. Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 11456, U.S.N.M. POLYGNATHUS PENNATULOIDEA, new species Plate 11, fig. 14 This species is somewhat similar to Polygnathus pennatulus Ulrich and Bassler. The high median ridge is surmounted by ant. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—-HOLMES 93) numerous tubercules. It extends the whole length of the plate, beyond which it is produced by means of a long, robust carina, bear- ing several large denticles. The tubercules on the plate are arranged in less definite order than in P. pennatulus. Holotype—Cat. No. 11, 461, U.S.N.M. POLYGNATHUS PENNATULUS Ulrich and Bassler Plate. 11, fig. 15 1926. Polygnathus pennaiulus Utxich and BAsster, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 68, p. 45, pl. 7, fig. 8; pl. 9, figs. 24, 25. The narrow median ridge which bears denticles throughout its length extends from the anterior end of the plate to the carina, which is slightly deflected. Several stout denticles are borne on the carina. The tubercules on both sides of the plate occur in short parallel lines extending from the margin to a depression at the base of the ridge. Plesiotype.—No. 11, 462, U.S.N.M. Genus PALMATOLEPIS Ulrich and Bassler, 1926 PALMATGLEPIS INEQUALIS, new species Plate 11, figs. 8-10 This plate is divided into three parts by the unequal bifurcations of the median ridge. The main part of the ridge which is produced beyond the plate by a short, blunt carina, is broad and stout. The branches which are thin and high bear six or seven denticles. The short, blunt tubercules on each section of the plate are generally arranged at right angles to the main ridge or its branches. Figure 10 is the under surface of plate with the same bifurcated ridges but without ornament. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 11, 458, U.S.N.M. PALMATOLEPIS ELONGATA, new species Plate 11, fig. 13 This is a long, narrow, minute plate with the finely denticulated median ridge extending its whole length. The ridge is very low at the anterior end but rises toward the posterior end where it be- comes high and broad. On one side of the plate there is a short, pointed lobe. The relative smoothness of the surface serves to dis- tinguish this species from Palmatolepis perlobata Ulrich and Bassler to which it is related. 3 Holotype.—Cat. No. 11, 460, U.S.N.M. B4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 PALMATOLEPIS PERLOBATUS Ulrich and Bassler Plate 11, figs. 16-19 1926. Palmatolepis perlobatus UtricH and Basster, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 68, p. 49, pl. 7, figs. 19-23. Plate irregularly diamond shaped, flexed either to the right or to the left in the posterior portion. The ridge extends the whole length of the plate and is slightly produced beyond by a short, thick carina. The anterior portion of the ridge is indicated by a low, narrow line. From a central prominence the ridge thickens toward the carina. ‘One side, which is rounded, extends slightly beyond the center. The -other side which is produced in the central region by an angular lobe extends almost the entire length of the median ridge but becomes gradually narrower as it approaches the carina. In the anterior lobe the short, blunt tubercules converge toward the central prom- inence. This in the posterior half of the plate are at right angles ‘to the central ridge. Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 11, 463, U.S.N.M. EXPLANATION OF PLATES | PLATE 1 All of the figures on this and the following seven plates are copied from the authors cited. The magnification was often not stated but it lies usually *between 10 and 20 diameters. Wie.1. Distacodus (Machairodus) angustus Pander, 1856. 2. Distacodus (Machairodus) canaliculatus Pander, 1856. 3, 4. Distacodus (Machairodus) dilatatus Pander, 1856. 5-9. Distacodus (Machairodus) ensiformis Pander, 1856. 10. Distacodus (Machairodus) inaequalis Pander, 1856. 11. Distacodus (Machairodus) incurvus Pander, 1856. 12. Distacodus incurvus (Pander) Hinde, 1879. 18. Distacodus (Machairodus) planus Pander, 1856. 14. Distacodus (Machairodia) rhombeus (Pander) Smith, 1907. 15. Distacodus (Machairodia) sulcata Smith, 1907. 16. Belodus gracilis Pander, 1856. 17. Distacodus (Machairodus) rhomboideus Pander, 1856. 18. Distacodus (Machairodus) rhomboideus Pander, 1856, var. 19. Distacodus (Machairodus) solidus Pander, 1856. ‘20. Acodus acutus Pander, 1856. ‘21, 22. Acodus crassus Pander, 1856. ‘23. Acodus erectus Pander, 1856. 24, Acodus planus Pander, 1856. ‘25. Acodus sigmoideus Pander, 1856. 26. Acontiodus gracilis Pander, 1856. ‘27. Acontiodus latus Pander, 1956. 28. Acontiodus triangularis Pander, 1856. 29. Drepanodus acutus Pander, 1856. 30-35. Drepanodus arcuatus Pander, 1856. 36, 37. Drepanodus arcuatus (Pander) Hinde, 1879. 38. Drepanodus falcatus Hadding, 1913. 39-41. Drepanodus flexuosus Pander, 1856. 42. Drepanodus inflexrus Pander, 1856. arr. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES PLatE 2 . Drepanodus fieruosus (Pander) Smith, 1907. . Drepanodus inflerus Pander, 1856. ~ Drepanodus obtusus Pander, 1856. Drepanodus robustus Hadding, 1918. . Drepanodus verutus Hadding, 1913. . Scolopodus aequilateralis Pander, 1856. . Scolopodus costatus Pander, 1856. . Scolopodus quadratus Pander, 1856. . Scolopodus semicostaius Pander, 1856. . Scolopodus striatus Pander, 1856. . Scolopodus sublaevis Pander, 1856, . Oistodus parallelus Pander, 1856. 13. Oistodus inaequalis Pander, 1856. 14. Oistodus acuminatus Pander, 1856. 15-17. Oisiodus lanceolatus Pander, 1856. 18. Paltodus bicostatus Pander, 1856. 19. Paliodus canaliculatus Pander, 1856. 20, 21. Paltodus rotundatus Pander, 1856, 22-25. Paltodus obtusus Pander, 1856. 26. Paltodus subaequalis Pander, 1856. 27-29. Paltodus truncatus Pander, 1856. Mo I OTR OO ND = © Do PLATE 3 Hie. 1. Prioniodus sulcatus Pander, 1856. 2. Prioniodus carinatus Pander, 1856. 3. Prioniodus alternans Hadding, 19138. 4-6. Prioniodus elegans Pander, 1856. 7. Prioniodus elegans (Pander) Hinde, 1879. 8. Prioniodus abbreviatus Hinde, 1879. 9,10. Prioniodus armatus Hinde, 1879. 11-18. Prioniodus spicatus Hinde, 1879. 14. Prioniodus spicatus Hinde, 1900. 15. Prioniodus spicatus (Hinde) Clarke, 1886. 16-19. Prioniodus tulensis Pander, 1856. 20-22. Prioniodus tulensis (Pander) Hinde, 1900. 23, 24. Prioniodus equalis Smith, 1907. 25. Prioniodus inflatus Smith, 1907. 26. Prioniodus porcatus Hinde, 19098. 27. Prioniodus lelaps T. H. Clark, 1924. 28, 29. Prioniodus macconochii Smith, 1907. 380. Prioniodus tigris T. H. Clark, 1924. 31. Prioniodus pamphagus T. H. Clark, 1924. 32. Prioniodus complex Hinde, 1900. 33. Prioniodus dorcens T. H. Clark, 1924. 34. Prioniodus (Polygnathus) pauperaius Smith, 1907. 35. Prioniodus subcompactus Smith, 1907. 36. Prioniodus melampus T. H. Clark, 1924. 87-39. Prioniodus peracutus Hinde, 1900. 40. Prioniodus alatus Hinde, 1879. 35 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Suoprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus _ Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus . Subprioniodus MUSEUM VOL. FZ, PLATE 4 subserratus Smith, 1907. calcarus Smith, 1907. acutus Smith, 1907. crassus Smith, 1907. distans Smith, 1907. cringcampensis Smith, 1907. equalis Smith, 1807. falcatus Smith, 1907. furcaius Smith, 1907, fardingensis Smith, 1907. gibbosus Smith, 1907. huntlawensis Smith, 1907. tanceolatus Smith, 1907. obliquo-lanceolatus Smith, 1907. parvus Smith, 1907. paucidentatus Smith, 1907. ee 22. Subprioniodus peracutus Smith, 1907. 23-29. Cordylodus angulatus Pander, 1856. 30. Cordylodus ramosus Hadding, 1913. 31, 32. Cordylodus rotundatus Pander, 1856. 33. Cornuramia bicornua Smith, 1907. 34. Cornuramia diplodonta Smith, 1907. 35. Cornuramia monodonta Smiih, 1907. 36. Hindeodella (Polygnathus) dubius (Hinde) Smith, 1907. 37, 38. Hindeodella (Centrodus) duplicatus Pander, 1856. 39. Hindeodella (Centrodus) duplicatus (Pander) Hinde, 1879. 40, 41. Hindeodella (Centrodus) lineatus (Pander) Hinde, 1879. 42. Hindeodella (Centrodus) lineatus Pander, 1856. 3. Ligonodina (Prioniodus) panderi Hinde, 1879. . Prioniodus theron T, H. Clark, 1924. PLATS 5 Wies. 1,2. Hindeodella (Ctenognaihus) obliquus Pander, 1856. 3-5. Hindeodella (Ctenognathus) obliquus (Pander) Hinde, 1879. 6. Pachysomia wantockensis Smith, 1907. 7. Lonchodina (Potygnathus) spinata Hadding, 1913. 8. Lonchodina (Prioniodus) erraticus Hinde, 1879. 9. Lonchodina (Prioniodus) clavatus Hinde, 1879. 10. Prioniodina (Prioniodus) geminus Hinde, 1879. 11. Prioniodina (Prioniodus) volborthii Pander, 1856. 12. Bryantodus (Polygnathus) radiatus Hinde, 1879. 13. Bryantodus (Polygnathus) duplicatus Hinde, i879. 14. Bryantodus (Polygnathus) immersus Hinde, 1879. 15,16. Bryantodus (Prioniodus) politus Hinde, 1879. 17,18. Euprioniodina (Prioniodus) alata Hadding, 1913. 19. Huprioniodina (Prioniodus) discedens Hadding, 1918. 20, 21. Huprioniodina (Prioniodus) acicularis Hinde, 1879. 22. Huprioniodina (Polygnathus) lanceolata Smith, 1907. 23. Huprioniodina (Prioniodus) furcata Hinde, 1879. 24-29. Euprioniodina (Prioniodus) radicans Hinde, 1879. 30. Huprioniodina (Prioniodus) curvata Smith, 1907. 31. Hibbardella (Prioniodus) angulatus Hinde, 1879. 32, 33. Hibbardella (Prioniodus)angulatus Hinde, 1900. arr. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONODONTS—HOLMES a1 _ Fic. Fic. Fixe. PLATE 6 1. Lonchodus (Polygnathus) parvus Smith, 1907. 2-5. Lonchodus (Centrodus) simplex Pander, 1856. 6. Lonchodus (Centrodus) obliquus Smith, 1907. 7-10. Lonchodus (Centrodus) erectus Smith, 1907. 11. Lonchodus (Centrodus) converus Pander, 1856. 12-14. Lonchodus (Polygnathus) convexrus (Pander) Hinde, 1900. 15. Lonchodus (Centrodus) distans Smith, 1907. 16. Lonchodus (Polygnathus) princeps Hinde, 1879. 17-20. Lonchodus (Polygnathus) princeps (Hinde) Smith, 1907. 21. Lonchodus (Polygnathus) curvatus Smith, 1907. 22. Lonchodus (Polygnathus) coronatus Hinde, 1879. 23. Lonchodus (Polygnathus) minus Smith, 1907. 24. Valentia morrochensis Smith, 1907. 25. Panderodella (Poiygnathus) solidus Hinde, 1879. 26-28. Panderodella (Polygnathus) scitulus Hinde, 1900. 29, 30. Panderodella (Polygnathus) serratus Hinde, 1879. 31. Gnathodus mosquensis Pander, 1856. 32. Gnathodus (Polygnathus) crassus Hinde, 1879. 30. Gnathodus (Polygnathus) curvatus Hinde, 1879. 34, 35. Prionognathus brandtii, Pander, 1856. Pie. '7¢ 1. Gnathodus (Pelygnathus) eriensis Hinde, 1879. (Side view.) 2-4. Polygnathus (Gnathodus) mosquensis (Pander) Hinde, 1900. 5. Polygnathus ? simplex Hinde, 1879. 6. Polygnathus cristatus (Hinde) Clarke, 1885. 7. Polygnathus cristatus Hinde, 1879. 8,9. Polygnathus cristatus Hinde (Polygnainus dubdius, part), 1879. 10,11. Polygnathus pennatus Hinde, 1879. 12. Polygnathus pennatus (inde) Clarke, 1885. 13. Polygnathus argos T. H. Clark, 1924. 14. Polygnathus navicula Hinde, 1900. . 15,16. Polygnathus palmatus Hinde, 1879. 17. Paimataiepis (Polygnathus) punctatus Hinde, 1879, 18,19. Polygnathus tuberculatus Hinde, 1879. 20,21. Polygnathus truncatus Hinde, 1879. 22. Polygnatius linguiformis Hinde, 1879. 23. Ctenognathus murchisoni Pander, 1856. 24. Cienognathus keyserlingii Pander, 1856. 25-29. Otenognathus verneuiili Pander, 1956. 30. Synprioniodina (Polygnathus) nasutus Ginde, 1879. Piare 8 1. Prioniodina (Polygnathus) dubius (Hinde) Smith, 1800. A species of Bryantodus. 2-13. Polygnathis dubius Hinde, 1879. Devonian (probably Portage) west- ern New York. Specimens of different genera as follows, referred to this species: 2, 4, Bryantoedus ; 3, Prioniodina ; 5, 8, Hindeodella; 7, Gnathodus or Polygnatnius; 6, 9, 11, 12, Lonchodus or undeter- mInined; 13, Lonchodina ; 14-32. Polygnathus dubius (Hinde) Clarke, 1885. Specimens from the Naples shale at Naples, Ontario County, N. Y., referred by Clark in 1885 to this species. Genera represented as follows: 14-16, 19, 21, 22, side views of Polygnathus; 17, 25, Bryantodus; 18, Priont- odus; 20, 23, 24, Lonchodus; 26-28, 31, Hindeodella; 30, Polygna- thellus; 29, 32, Huprioniodina. 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM PLATE 9 vou. TZ All the specimens illustrated here and on plates 9 and 10 are from the Chattanooga black shale of Lower Mississippian age at a locality 13 ae east of north of Huntsville, Ala. All are magnified 12 diameters. Fries. 1, 2. . Prioniodus alatoides, new species. . Prioniodus cultratus Ulrich and Bassler. . Ligonodina parvula, new species. . Hindeodella tenerrima, new species. . Hindeodella minutidens, new species. . Hindeodella germana, new species. 10, 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16, 17. 18. Chattanooga black shale 13 miles east of north of Huntsville, Ala. Prioniodus alabamensis, new species. Hindeodella subtilis Ulrich and Bassler. Lonchodina irregularis, new species. Lonchodina discreta Ulrich and Bassler. Prioniodella arcuata, new species. Prioniodella inutilis, new species. Prioniodina separans, new species. Prioniodina undulata, new species. PLATE 10 12 diameters. Figs. 1, 2. : . Bryantodus inelinatus, new species. . Bryantodus, species. . Bryantodus germanus, new species. . Bryantodus subangulatus, new species. . Huprioniodina germana, new species. . Dipiododella biiateralis Ulrich and Bassler. . Hibbardella curvata, new species. . Palmatodelta delicatula Ulrich and Bassler. . Synprioniodina aliernata Ulrich and Bassler. . Synprioniodina plana, new species. . Panderodella recta, new species. . Panderodelia subrecia, new species. Chattanooga black shale, 13 miles east of north of Huntsville, Ala. Bryantodus inequalis, new species. PLATE 11 12 diameters. Figs. 1, 2. . Polygnathus pergyratus, new species. . Polygnathus trilobatus, new species. . Polygnathus concentricus Ulrich and Bassler. . Palmatolepis inequalis, new species. . Polygnathus rhomboideus Ulrich and Bassler. . Paimatolepis elongatus, new species. . Polygnathus pennatuloideus, new species. . Polygnathus pennatulus Ulrich and Bassler. . Palmatolepis perlobatus Ulrich and Bassler. Polygnathus gyratilineatus, new species. O Magnifieé Magnified: U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 1 o A) Z, vs \ oe, zy Y, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 2 ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 3 24 chsh dy busbin ha 28 fue ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 4 ae ie ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 5 ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 6 ai gabon nWUUvuwwww yetdy, D240 To wee an (Wj Sy pe lu EM ~ ile ulin, Me ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 37 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 7 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 37 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 8 me 28 ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 87 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 9 EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 38 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 PL. 10 EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 38 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 5 EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN CONODONTS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 38 neers ae ir bs 16 ss) a i INSECTS OF THE SUBCLASS APTERYGOTA FROM CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES —_——— By J. W. Fousom Of the United States Bureau of Entomology This paper deals with the following forms: THYSANURA. Lepidocampa zetekt, new species. Gastrotheus lepismoideus Folsom. CoLLEMBOLA. Achorutes caecus, new species. Pseudachorutes albipes, new species. Folsomia fimetaria (Linnaeus) Tullberg. Folsomia fimetaria (Linnaeus) Tullberg var. dentata, new variety. Entomobrya cubensis, new species. Lepidocyrtus usitatus, new species. Lepidocyrtus nigrosetosus, new species. Lemdocyrtus summersi MacGillivray. Salina wolcotti, new species. Cyphoderus inaequalis, new species. Cyphoderus similis, new species. Cyphoderus pinnatus Folsom. Though all these forms are of interest because almost nothing has been published on the apterygotan fauna of Central America and the West Indies, some of them are of special interest for other reasons. Thus, Lepidocampa is a little known genus of generalized structure, being essentially a Campodea with scales. Four species of this paper are termitophilous. Three are cavernicolous. ‘Two of the new species, occurring on sugar cane, may be of economic importance. Hight species were collected by J. Zetek and I. Molino, of the Bureau of Entomology. Three forms were received from the Federal Horticultural Board, by whose inspectors they had been intercepted. Two species were collected in Porto Rico by G. N. Wolcott, ento- mologist. The termitophilous species were transmitted to the writer by Dr. T. E. Snyder, of the Bureau of Entomology. No. 2702.—PROcEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 72, ART. 6 55219—27 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 Syntypes have been deposited in the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. THYSANURA Genus LEPIDOCAMPA Oudemans The rare genus Lepidocampa is of special interest on account of its resemblance to Campodea. It differs from Campodea chiefly in having scales; also in the imperfect segmentation of the cerci, and the presence of peculiar frmged pulvilli. In most respects, however, the two genera agree anatomically, except as regards minute details of structure. ue The genus was founded by Oudemans (’90) for Z. weberi, a species from the East Indies. The diagnosis of this species is, by the way, inadequate, being almost entirely generic rather than specific. The same species has been reported by Silvestri (’98, 99) from Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, and Ecuador; but he finds that to decide whether the species from South America is actually the same as that from the East Indies will require a minute examination of material from both regions. Silvestri (716, 718) afterward recorded ZL. weberi from Ceylon, Sumatra, British East Africa, and German East Africa. Carpenter (716) described Z. fimbriatipes from the Seychelles Islands, properly preferring to hold the species as distinct, for the present. His paper has been very useful in the writer’s study of the morphology of Lepidocampa. LEPIDGCAMPA ZETEKI, new species Plates 1-38, figs. 1-30 White. Campodeiform (fig. 1). Body clothed with scales. Head.—The Y-shaped epicranial suture is conspicuous. Eyes ab- sent. Antennae a little more than half as long as the head and body, moniliform. The number of antennal segments found was as fol- lows: One male, 27; four females, 22, 25, 27, 27, respectively; sex unknown, 27, 30, 26. Segments mostly cup-shaped; first two seg- ments short and broad (fig. 2); terminal segment (fig. 3) only one- fifth or one-fourth longer than the penultimate segment, ovate or oval. Segments 4-7, inclusive, each bear a dorsal pair of bothrio- tricha (fig. 2), which are extremely long, delicate, fringed threads. Segments 5 and 6 each bear, in addition, a ventral or ventro-lateral bothriotrix. Mouth-parts.—The labrum (fig. 4) bears antero-entally a pair of chitinous subtriangular toothed appendages (“unciform processes ” of Silvestri). The head of the mandible (figs. 5, 6) does not have the series of parallel ridges forming a molar area as described by Carpenter, but Ant, 6 TROPICAL AMERICAN APTERYGOTA—FOLSOM 3 bears instead three teeth on one mandible and two on the opposite mandible. | The Jacinia of the mandible also differs from that of Carpenter’s species, being palmately cleft (figs. 5, 6), some of the slender tapering primary lobes bearing secondary teeth. The galea of the maxilla (fig. 7) bears an anterior subclavate sensilla, mentioned by Carpenter. The dacinia is as in Figure 8. The lingua (fig. 9) is rounded anteriorly, with serrate antero-lateral margins. The superlinguae (mawillulae) are not subtriangular as in fimbriatipes, but are (fig. 9) rounded with the mesal margin an- teriorly serrate, the teeth becoming successively smaller posteriorly. Each superlingua bears meso-basally a fingerlike lacinial lobe (fig. 9). The palpus of the labéwm bears an anterior sensory papilla, as in Figure 10. Legs.—The tibia has an apical pair of stout, fringed, articulated spurs (fig. 11). The fringed pulvilli (fig. 12) are essentially like those described by Oudemans and by Carpenter, and quite unlike those figured by Silvestri. Styli—Styli are present on the first seven abdominal segments. Those of the first urosternum differ in form from the others, being (figs. 13, 14) stout, scarcely tapering, blunt, clothed throughout with setae, and ending-in several spiniferous papillae. In the female (fig. 13) there are two simple setae on the mesal side of the base of the stylus. In the male (fig. 14) the stylus is relatively shorter than in the female, and the posterior region of the sternum is thickly clothed with setae; while the posterior border bears two rows of spiniferous papillae. The styli of the remaining segments (fig. 15) are elongate and tapering, each with 5 or 6 setae on the distal half, and a pair of strong spines, apical and subapical, respectively. Hasertile vesicles (fig. 15) are present on the second to the seventh abdominal segment, inclusive. The base of the vesicle is not, how- ever, stiff and cylindrical like that of fimbriatipes. Genitalia—The external organs of reproduction pertain to the eighth abdominal segment. In the male (fig. 16) the eighth uro- siernum is prolonged posteriorly as a broad subtriangular lobe ending in a median rounded setigerous lobe; under the apical portion is the penis, composed of a pair of genital plates, described by Carpenter. In the female (fig. 17) the large sternal lobe terminates in a pair of blunt triangular lobes, each of which bears 4 or 5 setae; under these lobes is a pair of valves (fig. 18), each with 4 or 5 large setae. Telson, cerct—The telson (fig. 19) is subtriangular. The tenth sternum is divided posteriorly along the median line (figs. 20, 21). The anal valves are apparently not strongly developed in this species. Only one intact cercus was present; this being one-third as long as the head and body. The segmentation of the cerci is not definite, 4. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 but the transverse sutures shown in Figure 22 could be seen rather clearly. Clothing —Chaetotaxy is doubtless as important for the separation of species in this genus as it is in Campodea. The macrochaetae are unilaterally fringed or feathered. The head bears numerous short simple setae. The lateral setae of the thoracic terga (fig. 28) are constant in form, size, and position. On most of the abdominal segments there are postero-dorsal setae, as in Figure 24; a little in advance of each postero-lateral angle are two macrochaetae. Beside the base of each stylus is a lateral series of 5 setae (figs. 18, 15); on the mesal side, except on the first abdominal segment, are 6 setae in both sexes *(fig. 15). Near the posterior border of each of the first seven urosterna are two fringed setae, one on each side of the median line, in both SEXES. A comparison of the setal characters shows many differences be- tween this species and fimbriatipes. The thorax and abdomen are clothed densely with scales, dor- sally and ventrally, but scales are almost absent on head, antennae, legs, and cerci. The scales’ (figs. 25-30) are variable in form and size, but are relatively large and mostly broad, with a comparatively few strong striae. Maximum length of specimens: Male, 2.5 mm.; female, 2.8 mm. Margarita Swamp, ‘Canal Zone, June 28, 1923, with Anoplotermes species in termitarium in tree stump, J. Zetek and I. Molino (Z. 21540). Syntypes—Cat. No. 40381, U.S.N.M. Genus GASTROTHEUS Casey GASTROTHEUS LEPISMOIDEUS (Folsom) [New combination] Atelura lepismoidea, Fotsom, 1923. Professor Silvestri has kindly informed me that this termito- philous species, which I described from British Guiana, belongs in the genus Gastrotheus, which he redescribed from one of the types. Nine males and ten females, Rio Chinilla, Canal Zone, August 19, 1928, with Nasutitermes ephratae Holmgren, J. Zetek, collector (Z. 2214). COLLEMBOLA Genus ACHORUTES Templeton ACHORUTES (SCHOTTELLA) CAECUS, new species Plate 4, figs. 31-88 White. Eyes absent. Postantennal organ (fig. 31) with com- monly 6 (often 5, and rarely 4 or 7) peripheral tubercles in a rosette. ART, 6 TROPICAL AMERICAN APTERYGOTA—-FOLSOM +) Accessory body (“ Nebenkorper”) absent. Antennae three-fourths as long as the head; segments as 10: 10: 18: 18; third and fourth segments demarcated by a suture ventrally but not dorsally. Sense organ of third antennal segment (fig. 32) consisting of a single peg, resembling a short stout seta, with four accompanying setae. Fourth segment with a terminal sense organ (fig. 33) composed of three eversible vesicles; also with several distal curving slender olfactory setae, but | ttle different from ordinary setae. Unguis (fig. 34) stout, curving; inner margin with a minute tooth one-third from the base on fore and mid claws, the tooth obscure or absent on hind claws; a pair of minute slender lateral teeth, one-third from the base, occurs on the first and second pairs of ungues, but is often obscure or absent on the third pair. Unguiculus absent. Tenent hairs absent. Anal spines absent; anal lobes rounded. Furcula extending as far as the ventral tube. Dentes (fig. 35) stout, with a few dorsal tubercles somewhat larger than those of the cuticula in general, and with 5 dorsal setae. Mucrones (figs. 35-87) two-fifths as long as dentes, bilamellate; outer lamella wider and more rounded than the inner lamella, with margin either entire or roughened; both lamellae end- ing before the apex of the mucro, which is rounded and not upturned. Rami of tenaculum tridentate; corpus without setae. Body setae (fig. 88) stout, slightly curving, of two sizes—large and small—both k nds distally, and mostly unilaterally, serrate. Length, 0.8 mm., occasionally 1 mm. The number of tubercles in the postantennal organ was as follows, in eighteen specimens: Right Left Right Left 6 6 5 6 5 6 6 8 ? 4 5 6 6 5 0 6 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 7 7 6 7 6 6 7 7 7 7 3 The types were selected from a large number of specimens, taken in limestone caves in bat dung, in company with two other species described in this paper. Headwaters of Chilibrillo River, Canal Zone, September 29, 1923, J. Zetek and I. Molino, collectors. Syntypes—Cat. No. 40382, U.S.N.M. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Genus PSEUDACHORUTES Tullberg PSEUDACHORUTBS ALBIPES, new species Plate 5, figs. 89-438 Dark blue dorsally and laterally (fig. 39) ; white mottled with pale blue ventrally.. Dorsum with small spots and narrow lines of pale orange; integument marked off by pale orange lines into minute polygonal areas, indicating the hypodermis cells. Head blue, with white buccal cone. First two antennal segments blue; third white, mottled with blue basally and with narrow, apical band; fourth white. Legs white, faintly pigmented on coxa, trochanter and femur. Manu- brium mottled with blue and white; dentes white with a little pig- ment; mucrones white. Total length to width as 5:3. Eyes (fig. 40) 5+5. Antennae one-half longer than the head; segments as 3:4:3:8; fourth segment elongate-conical; suture between third and fourth segments absent dorsally, as usual. Unguis (fig. 41) with an inner tooth one-fourth from the base. Unguiculus absent. Tenent hairs absent. Dentes longer than manubrium (as 8:7), slightly narrowing, rounded apically, naked ventrally, with six dorsal setae. Mucrones (figs. 42, 48) three-eighths as long as dentes; outer and inner lamel- lae equal, terminating before the apex; apical lobe short, rounded. Cuticula tuberculate, almost naked. Length, 1.5 mm. | Margarita Swamp, Canal Zone, June 28, 1923, with Hutermes exiguus Hagen in termitarium near base of tree stump, J. Zetek and I. Molino, collectors (Z. 2151a). Monotype.—Cat. No. 403838, U.S.N.M. Genus FOLSOMIA Willem FOLSOMIA FIMETARIA (Linnaeus) Tullberg This well-known species of the soil fauna is already known to be cosmopolitan in distribution. Specimens intercepted by the Federal Horticultural Board on shipments from Guatemala agree with typical jfimetaria from Europe except in one particular. The femur and tibiotarsus have each an incomplete distal subsegment, the suture of which occurs only on the lower side of the leg; that is, the side which bears the unguiculus. Collected on Chamaedorea species (pacaya or salad palm) from Coban, Guatemala, at Inspection House, Washington, D. C., by W. B. Wood and H. L. Sanford on January 29, 1920 (F. H. B. No. 29456). Taken on roots of Chamaedorea species from Coban, Guatemala, at Inspection House, Washington, D. C., by H. L. Sanford, Febru- ary 18, 1920 (I. H. B. No. 29598). ART. 6 TROPICAL AMERICAN APTERYGOTA——-FOLSOM q FOLSOMIA FIMETARIA (Linnaeus) Tullberg var. DENTATA, new varizty Plate 5, figs. 44, 45 This new variety agrees with typical fimetaria except as tollows: Postantennal organ (fig. 44) subelliptical with a notch at the middle of the anterior margin (present occasionally in the typical form also); in length one-third of the basal width of the first an- tennal segment. Antennae subequal to head in length, with seg- ments in relative lengths about as 3:5:4:7 or 2:4:3:5. Unguis (fig. 45) strongly unidentate at the middle of the inner margin. Fur- cula short, extending not beyond the middle of the second abdominal segment. Dentes longer than manubrium (as 4.5:4 or 5:4). Erect sensory setae of abdomen relatively short (two-fifths as long as the segment, on abdominal segment 1 and abdominal segment 2, respec- tively), and simple—not distally serrate. Length, 2 mm. This variety dentata is close to var. caldaria Axelson, of Finiand and Poland (Axelson, ’05, p. 790; Linnaniemi, 712, p. 116; Stach, 21, p. 160), which also has an inner tooth on the unguis. Taken in Irish potatoes from Vera Cruz, Mexico, intercepted at New Orleans, La.; by W. T. Dillard, March 30, 1928 (Fed. Hort. Board, N. O. No. 281). Syntypes.—Cat. No. 40384, U.S.N.M. Genus ENTOMOBRYA Rondani ENTOMOBRYA CUBENSIS, new species Plate 6,. figs. 46-50 White, rather scantily marked with blue (figs. 46, 47). Large specimens have often a yellowish tinge. The pigment is in the form of loose flecks, forming spots or clouds of indefinite form. Head with a little lateral pigment and a pair of spots or a transverse mark in front of the eyes. Prothorax feebly pigmented laterally; mesonotum and metanotum bordered laterally with pigment. First three abdominal segments each clouded with pigment laterally. Dorsum of fourth abdominal segment with an antero-lateral patch and an irregular posterior band; abd. 5 and 6 each with dorsal and lateral spots. Antennal segments white basally, blue apically. Legs white, excepting a distal spot or band on the femur and a spet or band before the middle of the tibia. In large yellowish specimens the femora are orange distally, and the tibiotarsi proximally. Fur- cula white. Hyes (fig. 48) 8+8, unequal, the two inner proximal being the smallest. Antennae twice as long as the head; second segment almost twice as long as the first, and a little longer than the third; fourth one and one-half to two times’ as long as the third. Unguis (fig. 49) almost straight, slender, with a pair of long sharp 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 lateral teeth one-fourth from the base; a pair of strong inner teeth two-fifths from the base, and a pair of smaller teeth halfway be- tween the first pair and the apex. Unguiculus lanceolate, extending three-fifths as far as the unguis. Tenent hair long and strong. Fourth abdominal segment from two and one-half to three and one-third times as long as the third. Furcula not attaining the ventral tube, extending a little beyond abd. 3. Dorsal crenulations of dens absent on the basal third, and ending at a distance from the apex equal to one and two-thirds the length of the mucro (fig. 50). Mucro short and stout, strongly rounded ventrally, falcate, with a single stout apical hook. Rami of tenaculum quadridentate; corpus with one long anterior seta. Feebly clavate fringed setae are nu- merous on. the anterodorsal region of the head and on abd. 5 and 6. Short clavate fringed setae are present dorsally on the manubrium and the base of each dens. Length, 1.4 mm. Taken on pineapple from Cuba, intercepted at New York City, April 22, May 6, May 14, 1924, by Inspectors I. Shiller, R. L. Trigg, A. C. Hill (Fed. Hort. Board, N. Y., Nos. 5034, 4227, 4232, 4278). Taken in sugar cane from Tanamo, Cuba, intercepted at Phila- delphia, Pa., June 15, 1924, by Mr. C. G. Albrecht (F. H. B., Phila. No. 2045). Syntypes.—Cat. No. 40385, U.S.N.M. Genus LEPIDOCYRTUS Bourlet LEPIDOCYRTUS USITATUS, new species Plate 6, figs. 51-54 White. In large specimens the head and body are minutely speckled with blue. Antennal segments with scattered blue pigment. Legs, excepting coxae, unpigmented. Furcula white. Mesonotum (fig. 51) not strongly projecting. Eyes (fig. 52) 8+8, unequal; the four proximal eyes smaller than the others, on each side. Antennae one-third longer than the head; second and third segments subequal and subclavate; fourth segment two and one-fourth to two and one- half times as long as the third. Unguis (fig. 53) slender, slightly curving, with a pair of lateral teeth one-fourth from the base; inner margin with a pair of teeth near the middle; other teeth absent. Unguiculus extending two-thirds as far as the unguis, on all the feet. Hind claws larger than the others. Tenent hair minutely knobbed, as long as unguiculus. Fourth abdominal segment four and one-half times as long as the third. Furcula attaining the ventral tube in large specimens, but not in small ones. Manubrium slightly shorter than dentes (as 10:11). Dorsal crenulations of dens ending at a distance from the apex equal to two and one-half times the length of ART. 6 TROPICAL AMERICAN APTERYGOTA—-FOLSOM 9 the mucro. Mucro (fig. 54) comparatively elongate, with apical and anteapical teeth and long proximal spine. Length, 1 mm. Headwaters of Chilibrillo River, Canal Zone, September 29, 1923, jn limestone caves in bat dung, J. Zetek and I. Molino, collectors. Dakota, Tela division, Honduras, May 20, 19238, T. H. Hubbell. Syntypes.—Cat. No. 40886, U.S.N.M. LEPIDOCYRTUS NIGROSETOSUS, new species Plate 7, figs. 55-57 Body color, cream yellow. The scales, where present, form brown patches. Pigment purple, scanty. Mesonotum clouded with purple along the lateral border; metanotum feebly pigmented laterally; fourth urotergite with a little pigment at the postero-lateral angle and along the lateral border. The head bears dorsally a spot between the bases of the antennae, and a narrow curving line along each antennal base. First three antennal segments each yellow with purplish distal ring or cloud; fourth segment purplish. Legs yel- low; precoxal segments weakly pigmented. Furcula yellow. Eyes (fig. 55) 8+8, the two inner proximal eyes of each side somewhat smaller. Antennae one-half longer than the head; segments as 4:7:8:18; first segment subcylindrical, second and third clavate- cylindrical, fourth elliptical. Mesonotum not strongly projecting over the head. Unguis (fig. 56) with a pair of lateral teeth; inner margin with a proximal pair of teeth two-fifths from the base, and a smaller distal tooth midway between the proximal pair and the apex. Unguiculus extending three-fifths as far as the unguis, lan- ceolate-oblong, acuminate, untoothed. Tenent hair a little shorter than the unguis. Fourth abdominal segment four to six times as long as the third. Furcula not attaining the ventral tube; extending a little beyond abd. 8. Dorsal surface of dens denticulate in profile, the teeth continuing along the mucro as far as the proximal spine. Mucro (fig. 57) comparatively elongate; apical and anteapical teeth subequal; proximal spine present, long, acicular. Most of the setae are dark colored; these blackish fringed setae are particularly con- spicuous on the antennae, oral region, lateral borders of mesonotum and metanotum, and on abd. 5 and 6. Length, 1.6 mm. Manati, P. R., April 30, 1924, on wet dead leaves of “jaguey ” (Ficus laevigata) on the ground, G. N. Wolcott, collector. Syntypes.—Cat. No. 40387, U.S.N.M. LEPIDOCYRTUS SUMMERSI (MacGillivray) [New combination] Strongylonotus summersii MAcCGILLIVRAY, 1894 Plate 7, figs. 58-60. White, marked with purplish (fig. 58). Second and third abdominal segments each bordered posteriorly with purplish; abd. 4 with a 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 72 broad irregular posterior band, in width about one-third of the length of the segment; or with large spots in place of a band. Ant. 3 with a basal and an apical spot; ant. 4 dull purplish except basally. Fore tibiotarsi with a little pigment proximally and considerable pig- ment distally; mid legs unpigmented; hind trochanters slightly pig- mented; hind femora purplish except apically. Ventral tube un- pigmented. Manubrium with a dorso-lateral stripe on each side. Kyes 8+ 8. Antennae two and one-half times as long as the head, or seven-tenths as long as head and body; segments as 25:33:33:55; last segment elliptico-cylindrical, obscurely and irregularly annulate distally. Mesonotum projecting over the head to an unusual degree. Fourth abdominal segment about eleven times as long as the third. Tibiotarsi each with two subsegments, the distal subsegment two- fifths as long as the entire segment. Unguis (fig. 59) slender, al- most straight; with a pair of conspicuous lateral teeth two-thirds from the base and two pairs of inner teeth; the proximal pair two- fifths from the base; the distal pair midway between the proximal and the apex. Unguiculus narrowly lanceolate, extending four-fifths as far as unguis. Tenent hair strong, as long as the inner margin of the unguis. Manubrium five-sevenths as long as dentes. . Dentes crenulate dorsally, the crenulations ending at a distance from the apex equal to twice the length of the mucro. Mucro (fig. 60) rela- tively long, strongly rounded ventrally; apical tooth large; ante- apical small, inclined anteriorly; proximal spine short, acicular. Comparatively few setae are present on head and body, which are densely scaly ; the scales being mostly elliptical. The posterior border of the fourth urotergite bears a fringe of straight, closely set setae, directed backward. Scales occur on the antennae and ventrally on the dentes except distally, where there are many long fringed setae. Length, 2 mm. and 2.4 mm. This description was made from two types given to me by Doctor MacGillivray. The original description of the antennae was evi- dently based upon one of these types in which the antennae are deformed. Kl Pilar, Venezuela, H. E: Summers, collector. Syntypes.—Cat. No. 40388, U.S.N.M. Genus SALINA MacGillivray Salina MacGititvray, 1894 Cremastocephalus ScHO6rt, 1896 A study of my three types of Salina banksti MacGillivray shows that Cremastocephalus Schott is a synonym of Salina MacGillivray, a genus which had not been recognized since its description. I regret ‘ART. 6 TROPICAL AMERICAN APTERYGOTA—FOLSOM 1a that it is necessary to drop such a weil known name as Cvremastoce- phalus. : The species described here is quite different from either the Floridan species banksii MacGillivray or the Californian trilobatus Schott. SALINA WOLCOTTI, new species Plate 7, figs. 61-64; Plate 8, figs. 65-67 Yellow, marked with black (fig. 61). Mesonotum bordered with black laterally and anteriorly. Body with black spots, mostly amoebiform with a clear central spot. Small individuals, and an occasional large one, have few if any black markings on the body, or have at most the marginal pigment of the mesonotum. Antennal segments apically black. Legs yellow; femur with a distal black spot; tibiotarsus with a small proximal and a large distal spot. Furcula yellow. Eyes (fig. 62) 8+8, the two inner proximal smaller than the others. Antennae a little longer than the head and body; second and third segments subequal; fourth one-half longer than the third. Ratio of body segments, excepting prothorax, as Pei s3 0, Dole Li sdb or, 25292 10°39 310: 108.9%: 10 Abd. 4 nine to twelve times as long as abd. 3. Tibiotarsus divided into two subsegments by a suture two-fifths from the apex. Unguis (fig. 63) with two pairs of inner teeth, the proximal teeth larger than the distal. Unguiculus with an inner angle-tooth. Tenent hair strong, broadly expanded apically, as is usual in the genus. Furcula about two-thirds as long as the body, but variable in length, extending only to the ventral tube, or to the middle of the mesothorax. Dens varying from slightly longer to one-fourth longer than the manu- brium. Mucro suboblong (figs. 64-66) except in young individuals (fig. 67), commonly bilobed apically (fig. 64), occasionally with a small or obscure third tooth (figs. 65, 66). Apical scale of dens (fig. 64) as long as mucro, subelliptical, ovate or obovate. Corpus of tenaculum with a strong anterior seta, and sometimes a small second seta below the first. Maximum length, 1.7 mm. The third tooth of the mucro was distinguishable in 8 mucrones out of 28. In one individual the left mucro was bilobed and the right trilobed (fig. 65). The dorsal tooth of the mucro is usually larger than the ventral. Numerous specimens collected on cotton leaves were almost en- tirely yellow. The type material consists of an abundance of specimens collected in Porto Rico by G. N. Wolcott, after whom the species is named. He says that these springtails on corn are moderately abundant on the north side of the island, and on the south (dry) side of the island occur in enormous numbers. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 Porto Rico—Point Cangrejos, February 6, on the ground; Rio Piedras, February 9, 11, 23, on Yautia; Bayamon, February 19, on canna and water hyacinth; Guinica, March 18, on cane; Bayamon, May 5; Isabella, August 1, on cotton leaves; Pefuelas, August 16, on corn. : Synty pes.—Cat. No. 40389, U.S.N.M. Genus CYPHODERUS Nicolet CYPHODERUS INAEQUALIS, new species Plate 8, figs. 68, 69 White. Eyes absent. Antennae two-fifths longer than the head; segments variable in relative lengths, but about as 10: 26:17:41 or 4:8:5:12. Hind claws slightly larger than the others. Unguis — (fig. 68) stout, curving, with a pair of lateral teeth near the base. Antero-proximal lobe oblong-lanceolate, acute. Postero-proximal lobe much larger, extending one-half as far as the unguis, lanceolate, acuminate. A small but evident third tooth on the inner margin occurs opposite the antero-proximal tooth. Unguiculus long and broad, extending as far as the unguis, with a large acute inferior wing with rounded margin. Tenent hair small, as long as the wing of the unguiculus. Fourth abdominal segment slightly more than four times as long as the third. Manubrium: dentes: mucrones as 3:2:1. Outer dorsal setae of dens 7, the last 6 pinnate. Inner dorsal setae 7, the last 4 or 5 pinnate. Inner distal pinna (fig. 69) long, extending almost as far as the anteapical tooth of the mucro. Outer distal pinna three-fifths as long as the inner. Mucro sub- equally bidentate, the two teeth somewhat distant from each other. A narrow lamella extends forward from the anteapical tooth. Length, 1 mm. Headwaters of Chilibrillo River, Canal Zone, September 29, 1923, in limestone caves in bat dung, J. Zetek and I. Molino, collectors. Syntypes.—Cat. No. 40390, U.S.N.M. CYPHODERUS SIMILIS, new species Plate 8, figs. 70, 71 White. Eyes absent. Antennae one-fifth to two-fifths longer than head; segments as 2:5:3:6. Abd. 1 and 2 subequal; abd. 3 one-half longer than abd. 2; abd. 4 two and one-half to three and one-half times as long as abd 3. Unguis (fig. 70) stout, with a pair of lateral teeth one-fourth from the base; antero-proximal lobe linear, ending in a tooth; postero-proximal lobe large, lanceolate to ovate, extend- ing two-thirds as far as the unguis; beyond the proximal lobes are two distal teeth, the more distal of the two being sometimes absent. Unguiculus extending two-thirds as far as unguis, with large acute ART. 6 TROPICAL AMERICAN APTERYGOTA——FOLSOM 13 outer lobe. 'Tenent hair three-fourths as long as unguis.. Dens (fig. 71) three-fourths as long as manubrium, and more than twice as long as mucro. Outer dorsal pinnae of dens 7 (occasionally 6). Inner dorsal pinnae 5. Inner distal pinna extending almost as far as the anteapical tooth of the mucro. Outer distal pinna a little more than half as long as the inner. Mucro (fig. 71) bidentate, with lamella extending to the anteapical tooth. Ventro-apical scale of dens extending as far as the anteapical tooth. Length, 1 mm. Panama, April, 1917, J. Zetek, collector. Syntypes——Cat. No. 40391, U.S.N.M. CYPHODERUS PINNATUS (Folsom) [New combination] Plate 8, figs. 72-17 Borecus pinnatus Fousom, 1923 This variable species was described from British Guiana. My specimens from the Canal Zone agree with the types except in minor details, as follows: The antero-proximal lobe of the unguis is usually smaller than the postero-proximal (fig. 72), though occasionally subequal to the latter, as in the types. At the middle of the inner margin of the unguis is a strong tooth, which is obscure in the types. The outer dorsal pinnae of the dens are 5; the inner usually 4 (sometimes 5 or 6). The inner distal pinna (fig. 73) extends to the second anteapical tooth of the mucro; the adjacent outer pinna (fig. 74) extending not quite so far. The teeth of the mucro (fig. 73) vary from 3 to 9 in the specimens at hand (figs. 75-77) ; an apical and two anteapical teeth being constant. Apical tooth relatively small, usually more or less hooked, sometimes almost straight. Anteapical teeth large, subequal, each giving rise anteriorly to a lamella. In addition to the three primary teeth there may be from one to six small secondary teeth; these occur between the two anteapical teeth, in front of the second anteapical tooth, or in both places. To express the number, size, and position of the mucronal teeth, the following formula may be used, in which the primary teeth are indicated by large numerals and the secondary teeth by small ones, beginning with the apical tooth. Thus the formula for Figure 75 would be 111; that for Figure 73, 1111, In the specimens studied these formulae occurred : Length of speci- Mucronal formula mens (milimeters) BISA EcaCEhT Acie) emai aS Tee Lace Yeas Oe ls a a ONS wae TUT SIU (UTES By Se Oa Ti AI IR otc Ca BO tS om aE a 0.5, 1 SUTL SL ASL 1 (HUES) Z(G) ae ak oS Sn AS Me AN al ea Oe OH SE 0.5, 1 TUAUSL AU SV st et NES Re es CTR EE LP EAT Ut TRON oP Ng NN 1 UHL DST eh i A ae IN tah U SIMRAN SS By aed 1 BISUUitest it at tranny (GL > pened iat) ee ees eh cay STE RRO LANRN Te Vance cera ceri Mae Be CAUDAL I, 1 VILSESUTL ASUS TE ee OE UE SY SS Alt a TA OMA a St Je ee Le tc ac ae A ikea! 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 This table shows no close correlation between the number of sec- ondary teeth and the size of the specimen as indicated by its length. A pair of bothriotricha occurred on abd. 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Maximum length, 1.2 mm. Fort San Lorenzo, Canal Zone, June 14, 1923, with Coptotermes niger Snyder in termitarium on tree stump, J. Zetek, collector (Z. No. 2111a). REFERENCHS AxeLson, W. M. 1905. WHinige neue Collembolen aus Finnland. Zool. Anz., vol. 28, pp. 788-794. Carpenter, G. H. 1916. The Apterygota of the Seychelles. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 33, sect. B, no. 1, pp. 1-70. Foitsom, J. W. 1923. Termitophilous Apterygota. Zoologica, vol. 3, pp. 383- 402. LINNANIEMI, W. M. 1912. Die Apterygotenfauna Finlands. II. Spezieller Teil. Acta Soe. Se. Fennicae, vol. 40, pp. 1-361. MacGirtivreay, A. D. 1894. North American Thysanura—V. Can. Ent., vol. 26, pp. 105-110. Oupemans, J. T. 1890. Apterygota des Indischen Archipels. Weber: Zool. Ergeb., vol. 1, heft 1, pp. 738-92. Leiden. Scuotrr, H. 1896. North American Apterygogenea. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 6, pp. 169-196. Sitvestr1, F. 1898. Primera noticia acerca de los Tisanuros argentinos. Comun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 33-36. 1899. Breve descrizione comparativa di Lepidocampa Oudms, con Campodea Westw. Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, vol. 6, pp. 391-396. 1916. Deserizione di aleuni Tisanuri indo-malesi. Boll. Lab. Zool. gen, agr. etc., Portici, vol. 11, pp. 85-119. 1918. Insectes Aptérygogéniens. I. Thysanoures. Voyage Ch. Al- luaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale (1911-1912). Résultats scien- tifiques, pp. 1-27. Paris. L. Lhomme. Sracu, J. 1921. Vorarbeiten zur Apterygoten-Fauna Polens. Teil IL: Ap- terygoten aus den Pieniny. Bull. Acad. Polonaise Se. Lettres, sér. B (1919), pp. 183=238. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 Lepidocampa zeteki Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect of female, X 25. . Dorsal aspect of base of right antenna of male, X 175. . Last two segments of left antenna of female, dorsal aspect, X 820. . Dorsal aspect of labrum, X 320. . Dorsal aspect of head of right mandible, < 505. . Dorsal aspect of head of left mandible, mm. Remarks.—The internal cast shown in Figure 12, cited above in the synonymy, probably belongs to this species, but the specimen shown in Figure 13 appears to be a more slender form and may be an undescribed species. Wade?! has described a large smooth species, Pugnellus abnormalis, from Coon Creek in the lower part of the Ripley formation in Tennessee, but his species has a higher spire, and the shell as a whole is more elongated than the Rocky Point species. A large undescribed species in the upper part of the Navarro formation of Kaufman County, Tex., approaches this one in smoothness, but faintly devel- oped longitudinal plications are present on the body whorl! of the Texas species. Pugnellus goldmani Gardner is a nearly smooth species from the Monmouth formation of Maryland. Pugnellus densatus Conrad from the Ripley formation of the eastern Gulf region and from the Navarro formation of Texas, and Pugnellus pauciplicatus Stephenson from the Snow Hill member of the Black Creek formation of North Carolina are forms with longitudinal plications well developed on the forward half of the body whorl. Locality From the new Rocky Point quarries a mile northeast of Rocky Point station, Pender County, N. C. Geologic position—Upper Cretaceous, upper part of Peedee formation, upper part of Hzogyra costata zone. European equiva- lent, upper Senonian (Maestrichtian). uu Wade, Bruce, Fauna of the Ripley formation, Tennessee: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 137, p. 149, pl. 52, figs. 6, 7, 1926. art,10 CRETACEOUS FAUNAS OF THE CAROLINAS—STEPHENSON 23 Type material—The type material is in the United States Na- tional Museum and includes the holotype, Cat. No. 73446, and three paratypes, Cat. No. 73447. EXPLANATION OF PLATES (The specimens figured in Plates 1 to 9 are from the new Rocky Point quarries, a mile northeast of Rocky Point station, Pender County, N.-C., except as otherwise indicated. ) PLATE 1 Cassidulus kellunvi Stephenson (p. 5) Fig. 1. Upper surface of the test of the type. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73420. 2. Lower surface of the test of the type. 38. Posterior surface of the test of the type. 4. The apical system of the type, 4. 5. Diagrammatic view of the apical system, <5, based on one of the para- types. 6. The peristomal area of the type, X2-++. PLATE 2 Cassidulus kellumi Stephenson (p. 5) Fie. 1. Anterior surface of the test of one of the paratypes. U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No: 73421. . Drawing of the surface of the right side of one of the paratypes. . Lower surface of a typical specimen showing the form and arrangement of the plates. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73421. 4, Diagrammatic representation of the right postero-lateral ambulacrum of the specimen shown in Figure 8, X22%. Oo bo PLATE 3 Cassidulus kellumi Stephenson (p. 5) Fic. 1. Upper surface of the test of a specimen having an apparently abnormal growth covering the apical system. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73421. 2. The peculiar growth covering the apical system of the specimen shown in Figure 1, <4. Cassidulus emmonsi Stephenson (p. 7) Fic. 8. Upper surface of the test of the type. DP. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73428. . Lower surface of the test of the type. . Posterior surface of the test of the type; the apparent subconical profile is due to slight crushing from above. 6. Upper surface of a typical specimen which has not been distorted by crushing. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73424. 7. Posterior surface of the specimen shown in Figure 6; note the even doming of this uncrushed specimen. 8. Outline profile of the specimen shown in Figure 6, as viewed from the right side. Ol oo 24. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 PLATE 4 Cassidulus emmonsi Stephenson (p. 7) Fig. 1. Upper surface of the test of a typical specimen from a well at the water- works at Wilmington, depth not stated. U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 28930. Lower surface of the test of the specimen shown in Figure 1. . Part of the upper surface of the same specimen, X83. . The peristomal area of the same specimen, X3. . Diagrammatic representation of part of the left antero-lateral ambula- erum of a typical specimen, <4. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73424. oR wh PLATE 5 Linthia variabilis Slocum (p. 10) Wie. 1. Upper surface of a specimen from Hilton Park, Wilmington, N. C. U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73426; the test has been slightly flattened by crushing from above. . Lower surface of the specimen shown in Figure 1. . Right lateral surface of the same specimen. . Upper surface of a smaller specimen from Hilton Park which has been erushed laterally, and made to appear narrower than normal. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73426. 5. Lower surface of the specimen shown in Figure 4. 6. Right lateral surface of the same specimen. 7. The same enlarged, X2. mpm ow lh Glycymeris subgyrata Stephenson (p. 12) Wes. 8,9. The type, a left valve. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73428. 8a. Profile showing the convexity of the type. Lima insolita Stephenson (p. 13) Fic. 10. The type, a right valve. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73431. Anomia major Stephenson (p. 18) Fig. 11. The type, a left valve. U.S. Nat Mus. Cat. No. 73422. Anomia penderana Stephenson (p. 14) Fic. 12. The type, a left valve. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73434. PLATE 6 Pholadomya sublevis Stephenson (p. 15) Fic. 1. Left side of the type, an internal cast on which the external markings of the shell have been impressed by pressure after the removal of the shell by solution. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73435. 2. View of the upper surface of the type, showing also the convexity of the shell. Veniella (Htea) grandis Stephenson (p. 16) Fics, 3,4. The type, a right valve. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. la aelen 3a. Profile showing the convexity of the type. art,10 CRETACEOUS FAUNAS OF THE CAROLINAS—STEPHENSON 25 Cardium (Trachycardium) penderense Stephenson (p. 19) Fies. 5,6. A typical left valve. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73442. 7. Internal view of a typical right valve. 8. A large typical left valve. 8a. Profile showing the convexity of the preceding specimen. PLATE 7 Crassatellites carolinana Stephenson (p. 17) Fies. 1, 2. The type a left valve. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73438. la. Profile showing the convexity of the type. Cardium (Trachycardium) marsense Stephenson (p. 20) Fras. 3, 4. The type, a large left valve, from Mars Bluff, Peedee River, Florence County, 8S. C. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73440. 3a. Profile showing the convexity of the type. PLATE 8 Crassatellites carolinana Stephenson (p. 17) Fie.1. View of the right side of an internal cast. U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73439. 2,3. A typical right valve. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73489. PLATE 9 Pugnellus levis Stephenson (p. 22) Figs. 1, 2,3. Views of the type. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73446. 4,5. Views of an internal cast probably belonging to this species. U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73447. Turritella subtilis Stephenson (p. 21) Wie. 6. The type. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 73443. 7%. Gutta-percha squeeze from the mold of the apical portion of a typical specimen. U.S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 78445. O oe eden Uy Vea aes U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. PL. 1 UPPER CRETACEOUS ECHINOID FOSSILS FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 23 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. PL. 2 3 UPPER CRETACEOUS ECHINOID FOSSILS FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 23 PL. 3 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM UPPER CRETACEOUS ECHINOID FOSSILS FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 23 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. PL. 4 are: ER BEt ES Peet ae UPPER CRETACEOUS ECHINOID FossiLs FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 24 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. PL. 5 UPPER CRETACEOUS ECHINOID AND MOLLUSCAN FOSSILS FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 24 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. PL. 6 UPPER CRETACEOUS MOLLUSCAN FOossiLs FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 24 AND 256 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. PL. 7 . UPPER CRETACEOUS MOLLUSCAN FOSSILS FROM NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 26 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. PL. 8 UPPER CRETACEOUS MOLLUSCAN FOSSILS FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 26 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 10. PL. 9 UPPER CRETACEOUS MOLLUSCAN FOSSILS FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 24 ROSSITE AND METAROSSITE; TWO NEW VANADATES FROM COLORADO By Wiuuiam I’. Fosaac Assistant Curaior, United States National Museum AND Frank L. Huss United States Bureau of Mines OCCURRENCE Contributed by Frank L. Hess The mineral described in this paper was found in veinlets cutting McElmo sandstone in Bull Pen Canyon, San Miguel County, Colo., 5 miles southeast of Summit Point post office, Utah near the point where the 38th parallel cuts the boundary line between Colorado and Utah, and is on the western edge of the known carnotite-bearing sandstones of the area. The deposit from which it came is on a claim belonging to M. E. O’Neil, and to Mr. O’Neil I am indebted for his courtesy in allowing me to examine the deposit, to collect specimens, and for other specimens which he sent me later. At the left of the entrance to one of his prospect tunnels known as the Arrowhead was a considerable amount of soft, dull brownish-red sandstone which owed its color to a mixture which seems to be made up of hewettite, vanoxite, and roscoelite, though when mixed, as in this deposit, these minerals are very difficult to identify. Wherever I have seen sandstone with similar aggregates of minerals, it has been soft and friable, so that cracks in which minerals may form are easily developed. In certain parts of the sandstone are the usual carbonized plant remains that characterize the carnotite deposits in sandstones of McElmo age in the plateau region. Here and there were rich spots and streaks of carnotite. Veinlets of a pale yellow, flaky mineral ranging from the thickness of cardboard to one-half inch and several feet long cut the sandstone at various angles. Gypsum is so common in the sandstones that I at first sup- posed that it formed the veinlets, but closer examination showed that the mineral had only one prominent cleavage and so could not No. 2707.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 72, ART. 11. 55416—2* 1 2 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 be gypsum. Excellent material was available and was collected, but all was milky. Later I received from Mr. O’Neil further specimens which had glassy centers and milky rims which were apparently the effect of dehydration. The mineral was later than the carnotite and other uranium and vanadium minerals in the deposit. Although fairly plentiful at the point of discovery, this is the only deposit in which I have found the mineral after an examination of hundreds of carnotite deposits. It is entirely possible, however, that some veinlets in other deposits thought at the time to be gypsum may be this mineral. We have named the clear, glassy mineral rosséte in honor of Dr. Clarence S. Ross, of the United States Geological Survey. Since it was found that the lighter yellow, flaky mineral differed from the clear material in degree of hydration as well as in its optical prop- erties, it was deemed advisable to distinguish them in mineralogical nomenclature. We therefore propose to call the naturally dehy- drated form metarossite, a name that refers to its relation to rossite as well as to its probable mode of genesis. ROSSITE INTRODUCTION Rossite was found sparingly in the second lot of material obtained, only as small lumps in the flaky mineral. When either rossite or metarossite is dissolved in hot water and allowed to crystallize the crystals have a composition corresponding to the natural rossite. A chemical analysis was made on the natural mineral as well as one on the recrystallized product. Inasmuch as no natural crystals of rossite were found the crystallography is based entirely upon the recrystallized compound. The optical properties were also deter- mined upon the recrystallized mineral. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Contributed by William F. Foshag PYROGNOSTICS Rossite when heated before the blowpipe fuses easily to a black bead without imparting any color to the flame. Heated in a closed tube it fuses easily and gives off water. The mineral is slowly but completely soluble in water from which it can be recrystallized. Moistened with concentrated hydrochloric acid the mineral turns mahogany red (vanadic acid). When an acid solution of the mineral is reduced with hydrogen sulphide or sulphur dioxide it becomes blue in color. ABT. 11 ROSSITE AND METAROSSITE—-FOSHAG AND HESS 3 ANALYSES Sufficient material in the form of hard, glassy cores of rossite could be selected from the more flaky mineral and cleaned by rubbing the soft metarossite off. The rossite could not be completely puri- fied by this means, but the sample analyzed carried only a small percentage of the metarossite and a few per cents of sand grains from the inclosing sandstone. For a second analysis a quantity of the metarossite was recrystallized and the clear, glassy crystals so obtained used. Water was determined as loss on heating. Since the mineral fused easily, a low temperature was sufficient to accomplish the com- plete expulsion of the water. Actually most of the water was driven off at a temperature of 120° C. As the dehydrated mineral is very slowly soluble in water, another portion was taken for the other constituents. The mineral was dissolved in hot water, the insoluble matter filtered off, and the vanadium precipitated as mercuric vana- date and ignited to the oxide. Lime and magnesia were determined in the usual manner. Constituents precipitated by hydrogen sul- phide in acid solution (Pb, Cu, Mo, etc.) were found to be absent. Tron and phosphorus could not be detected. The results follow: TABLE oma i of rossite Th tical Constituent pie ee Ratios Ca0-Vi0n- Water (H30)_-___-_ 22. 90 22. 59 1, 255 4X0. 963 23022 Lime (Ca0O)_______ 18. 00 18. 48 330 1X1. 012 18. 07 Magnesia (MgO) _-_ OAS ate we | oe Vanadie oxide (WY OF) es eae ae 58. 00 58. 92 323 1x0. 990 58. 71 Insoluble______--- AGOs Ye beeen yes 100. 64 99. 99 Rossite is therefore a simple hydrous calcium vanadate. Its com- position is expressed by the formula CaO. V,O;. 4H,O. In the last column of Table 1 the theoretical composition for this compound is given. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Contributed by William F. Foshag GENBRAL None of the specimens of rossite show any crystallographic forms. The mineral, however, is soluble in water, and material suitable for goniometric measurements can easily be obtained by recrystallization. The habits of crystals obtained in this manner were all very similar, and repeated recrystallizations under various conditions failed to 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 vary the habit greatly. The crystals best suited for measurement were about a millimeter or less in length; the faces of the larger crystals were too curved while the largest were an aggregate of a num- ber of individuals apparently complexly twinned. Except for one lot that was tabular in habit all crystals obtained were prismatic. More than 50 crystals were mounted on the goniometer and provi- sionally examined, but only 15 were found to be entirely suitable and completely measured. The measurements showed rossite to be tri- clinic with the forms c (001), 6 (010), @ (100), m (110), and y (101). Because of the absence of pyramids on all of the crystals the axial ratios and the numerical value of g were not calculated. The polar elements were determined to be as follows: #,=.4969, y,.—=.1624, Por 8295, A=80° 39’, w= 59° 31’, v=85° 38’. The axial angles are a=98° 18’, B=97T° 24’, y=89° 34’. CALCULATION OF THE ELEMENTS The crystals were measured on the two-circle goniometer, the pris- matic habit rendering it easy to adjust them in polar position. The prominence of the brachypinacoid and the good brachypinacoidal cleavage gave satisfactory results for v.° The forms whose measure- ments could be used in the calculation of the elements were the follow- ing: @ (100), m (110), 6 (010), and ¢ (001). No pyramids could be found on any of the crystals, and repeated recrystallizations under various conditions failed to produce any habit with the slightest pyramidal development. The axial ratios and the numerical value for g were therefore not determined. All measurements were made upon the artificially recrystallized mineral. The suitable measure- ments of the four forms upon which the elements are based are given below: TaBLe 2.—Measurement of a (100) rossite Crystal No. Reflection Size of face g fo} (2 PANE OMA ee ea eel Excellent______- Medium__-__-_-_-_ 86 22 Fa je RN eee atc ch NaN hs GOCE EEE Sas Goes Mews 86 49 ag hed ie as fu le ae le Good ir sa tea Gae wae GOs had 87 68 ARS NSU EU A RES GO ye te en Narrow. _._---_- 86 10 A wip IS NY rare ten [AO ape CO eeSaa cA NEM A A RCL dose 87 4 Py PLS Cad pe BHxeellent2o_L 124 Medium_______ 84 33 Gye ey Ease Good koe EN doLee ta ae 86 53 (ene DITO A Sas ae a C6 ayes PERL ava Oe 86 58 Soca aU ea ANU Wed LR EC dome .nR ie iO OM 85 40 ESRD FoR LEAP Se AOA GON ae Medium__-_--_-_- 86 15 Teste) ete nee ah Ne Na cee pee GO aN AN douse! 85 46 TDG Be aa ESE TL Not CG ga aU agus Gouiat ee 85 49 Bee age ten reat Vaya TN lal ORG perc ate bitin aah h il tla GO ae 85 10 5 Pao Eee NL i Excellent. £US Sua Lk GoLiovagys 83.3 WE NGO of 2112 = REN Aa A NS LAN fu ee 85 38 ABT. 11 ROSSITE AND METAROSSITE—-FOSHAG AND HESS 5 TABLE 3.—Measurement of m (110) rossite Crystal No. Reflection Size of face 0) GY DS AO Excellent______-_ roa Gaeqeaeane ale. 54 47 Br Ly IEE RRR SS ana LN (Oy MELA Cate aA ainl Sc ee 3h (6 Ko RA A 53 55 Be ks REINA Lo el Pa (lo) terse aaah inant Nis mea GoOWwcaROc 53 «31 HA OAL AS ae ra Ve (OVO LS ects eh est SNC Ua ALD MLS GOUSE es aL 28 AN 3 URAC NSA a VSREARK Re LS OE (OKO vam pas ty aeaciea os Medium______-_ 53 3 (Gyyltiis ade WARD 9 9 SPR eee A ‘OVO Taam Amer Oh se etant nl ee ve dose San 53 5 FSS) Ts AMA 64 SE ee. ee (Oko) bares saes wy setae Broads. 2s rere 5245 LQ) coy at ye URE ES OO px qallleraiy ee GOs bereg 54 43 TQ) se aa (OOo e/a 8 Medium__-_-_-:_ S7/ TPA SEAN Se Eixcellent_______ roa dee eae aie re es a (alc aie pz sheen roar 9 Kg aks alan taza al AnatD yyy OAT PNVECT EDOM A (URAL UN) Re. | SEAR ea SME 53 48 TaBLe 4.—Measurement of c (001), rossite Crystal No. Reflection Size of face g p ipa SE NR Me Excellent___| Large__---_- 73 39] 31 34 CBs US SO ER UR PAG Vo) Ue eal ear GES JH (G (Cte EA ae eee aa» 31 24 AE AUS oats i ea Ma Ee CG No Naa As tw ARES |g Masaya Seal wo Vt Bil Bary Of STS) eR ESL wal Sic lyse Vic Dyess Cl a ae. a 72 29 ait Phe TU i oa ee aS iv SIU GL Qian “VV Vo Yate bee (2 18 Bik ais} UAWVORA Rie ay abe ees Shes De SAL ieee ae TaBLe 5.— Measurement of y (101) rossite Crystal No. Reflection Size of face @ p fe} 7 fo} ? GieXe rs Hates Medium___-| 44 20 |—87 22 ile dou G2 807 tifigorions Mp Aegon! ge: Jaz 1S RU, COD Ee ee Aes nett S. |bl. Go 2. -f4 4 43 47 86 «5 1 SS I a aD Twin, excellent__'___do______-_ 44 6 as f OT FE TIG7 IG) G18 609 16 55 TLR dot BDF ia pay (bela i AViCT ATH UE w ENA ACs aL | epee ANE 2 44 13 |—86 38 In this compilation the angles are listed as “ excellent ” when the readings between two faces were designated “ excellent ” during meas- urement; and listed as “ good ” when the readings for the faces were between “ excellent ” and “ good ” or between “ good” and “ good.” It will be noted that even in the cases where the faces are all designated as “excellent ” the measurements range from 83° 38’ to 84° 49’, a differ- ence of over 3° for ¢ for (100) ; and from 52° 2’ to 54° 47’, a difference of almost 3° for ¢ for (001). This variation is large for crystals so 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 well suited for crystallographic measurement and the cause is not entirely clear. The average values for ¢ and p of the forms of rossite are given in the following table: TABLE 6.—Averages of measured angles of rossite Number of Form measurements ¢ B B (LOO) sre 14 85 38 90 0 m (UIO)2se = ts 11 53 «48 90 0 6:.(OOL) 223 5 72° 54 - Silene: ap (TOL) eS 5 —86 38 44 13 The value of the elements based on these measurements are as follows: TaBLE 7.—Azial elements of rossite Projection elements Polar elements Linear elements x0’ =0. 5829 2o=0. 4969 Yo = . 1906 Youu. 1624 po = . 9730 Po= - 8295 qo = qo= ° , v=85 38 r=1 ° 7 ° ? — A=80 39 a=98 18 w=59 31 B=97 24 v=85 38 y¥=89 34 | FORMS AND ANGLES Except for the forms 6 (010), a (100), m (110), ¢ (001), and y (101) no others were found except a few doubtful ones. These doubtful forms were observed only once each and may represent, in part at least, nothing more than the smooth surfaces by which the crystals were attached to the walls of the crystallizing dish. All the forms noted with the average angle of each are given in the table below: TABLE 8.—Measured forms of rossite Number Number Letter ate ae of ure | Symbol ¢ p tals ments Dteycysica Ts ChE ul tos 15 15 001 72 =54 31 31 Ppa SSO Be ie ea 15 30 010 0 OO 90 00 Sig pace (ips oe Ms 15 30 100 85 38 90 00 Srey o. (pak ey as Oh 15 30 110 53. 48 90 00 Bs Mee Tepes pas 5 5 101 —86 38 44 13 (BA, A cia Ay RUS Mh el OP aN TAT RCA 96 21 64 00 7 GAS FIRE SS PI EN ANA Zh 1 ie) PRR a Ss ae Bae 61 10 44 00 Ce si ep (AN 2 REI 1 Ei feagteAM ee peae fy SN 35 24 88 23 ART. 11 ROSSITE AND METAROSSITE-—FOSHAG AND HESS i ¢ (001). The basal pinacoid was found on all of the crystals measured and is usually the only terminal face present. Very often it is smoothly curved. b (010). The brachypinacoid is always the most prominent face in the prism zone and is always bright and smooth. @ (100). The macropinacoid is always present, but is variable in size, ranging from broad to narrow. Its relative size is dependent upon the size of the unit prism. m (110). The unit prism is usually present as a medium to broad face, but may be absent. Next to the clinopinacoid it is the most prominent face on the a A B Fie. 1.—A AND B, CRYSTAL HABIT OF ROSSITE There are no other faces present in the prism zone. Those present are always sharp, without striations, but some are slightly curved. y (101). The face of the macrodome is present on some crystals but is usually smoothly curved so that accurate measurement was impossible. it is often present as a small triangular terminal face, but sometimes becomes as prominent as the base. HABITS The crystals of rossite are commonly of a prismatic habit (fig. 1), but a habit tabular to the base was found in one lot of crystals. The 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T2 prismatic habit varies somewhat, due to the relative size of the macro- pinacoid and the unit prism. When the orthopinacoid is large the crystals have an almost equal horizontal thickness. When the prism is prominent and the macropinacoid small or lacking the crystals are Fic. 2.—TWIN CRYSTAL OF ROSSITE almost lathlike. The length of the crystals also varies. Many crystals showing a combina- tion of the three pinacoids are stumpy and even almost equidimensional; in the latter case they appear as rhombs. The crystals rarely are long needlelike blades. TWINNING Among the larger crystals twins are the rule but are so intricately intergrown that it is diffi- cult to know just what relations the individuals have to each other. Among the smaller crystals twins are rare. In one lot, however, twins hav- ing the general appearance of the butterfly twins of gypsum were found. In these the twinning plane is the macropinacoid (100). These twins are similar to Figure 2. PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES Contributed by William F. Foshag The color of rossite varies from Martius yel- low in the small crystals to pinard yellow in the larger crystals. The luster varies from vitreous pearly to glassy. The hardness lies between 2 and 3. The specific gravity, determined by float- ing clear crystals in a suitable bromoform-carbon tetrachloride mixture is 2.45. The fresh mineral is brittle and has a good cleavage parallel to the clinopinacoid. Rossite is a biaxial with a large axial angle. The plane of the optic axes is essentially parallel to the axis ec with Z=c and roughly bisects the angle between a (100) and } (010). The base and the brachypinacoid show the emergence of an optic axis near the edge of the field. The extinction direction measured on the basal plane and from the edge 001-010 was found to be 16° +3. The indices of refraction measured on the recrystalized mineral by the immersion method are as follows: a=1.710, B=1.770, y=1.840 ART. 11 ROSSITE AND METAROSSITE—FOSHAG AND HESS 9 The dispersion is very strong; the emergence of an optic axis appears as a broad band of colors. The high dispersion manifests itself in bright-colored flashes when the crystal is mounted and revolved on the goniometer. METAROSSITE GENERAL The mineral that occurred most abundantly in the material re- ceived is what we here call metarossite. It forms small yellow veins in a light gray and friable sandstone, is coarse, platy in habit, but is soft and friable. Occasionally within the center of masses of meta- rossite one can find small glassy kernels of rossite. The relation of the metarossite to the rossite suggests that it is a dehydration prod- uct of that mineral. As will be evident from the analyses given further on, the mineral is a distant hydrate and not a partially altered rossite. Two analyses made on different lots agree very well with each other and with the theoretical values for the formula assigned to it: CaO.V,O,.2H,O. We feel justified, therefore, in assigning a distinct name to this compound. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Contributed by William F. Foshag PYROGNOSTICS The behavior of metarossite before the blowpipe is entirely similar to the rossite. It is, however, somewhat more slowly soluble in water. Its chemical reactions are identical with those of rossite. ANALYSIS Abundant material was available for analysis. (No. 95331, U.S. N.M.) Two different samples were submitted to chemical analysis, one from the first lot received and another from the second lot. The samples were carefully chosen, only the larger and purer cleav- age fragments being selected. Upon examination under the petro- graphic microscope the large majority of the flakes were clear and transparent, but the very large grains had a somewhat muddied ap- pearance, due to included air. There were occasional grains of sand from the inclosing sandstone, estimated to amount to about 2 per cent. The analysis was carried out according to the scheme outlined under rossite, with the following results: 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 TaBLE 9.—Analysis of metarossite Theoretical Natural Pearly Ratios Ca0.V20s5. 2H20 Water (H2O)_______ 13.56 | 14. 08 786 2X1. 088 13. 14 himen(Cai@) ese suas 20. 04 19. 60 362 1x1. 0038 20. 44 Magnesia (MgO) __-_ 0. 10 0. 13 Vanadic oxide (V20s)_ 64. 08 64. 20 360 1x0. 997 66. 42 Trays) ine Se ee 2, a2 2. 48 100. 50 100. 49 Metarossite is a hydrous calcium vanadate of the formula CaO.V,0,.2H,O. It differs from rossite in its lesser hydration, that mineral being the similar compound with four molecules of water. If rossite is left exposed to the air it gradually becomes lighter in color, loses its vitreous luster, and passes over into metarossite, still, however, retaining its platy structure. If metarossite is dissolved in water and allowed to crystallize, rossite separates out, but the glassy crystals so obtained gradually pass over into the metarossite again. It was at first thought that this change of the higher hydrate to the lower one was continuous, similar to the changes in hydration in other platy minerals, notably carnotite, autunite, etc. There are several facts, however, that point to the existence of two distinct hydrates. First, there is the occurrence of rossite as sharp residual kernels in the metarossite without any suggestion of gradation; and, secondly, the two analyses made upon separate lots of material agree satisfactorily with each other and very well with the theoretical values for the dehydrate. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Contributed by William F. Foshag No measurable crystals of metarossite were found, although on one specimen a crust of the vanadate showed projections resembling erystals. They were too imperfect, however, to be measured or to even suggest the symmetry of the crystals. PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES Contributed by William F. Foshag Metarossite is light yellow in color (Martius yellow, Ridgway) and has a dull pearly luster. It is soft and friable and can be easily crushed between the fingers. Due to its decided platy cleavage arr. 11 ROSSITE AND METAROSSITE—FOSHAG AND HESS 11 (probably inherited from the rossite) it breaks easily into flat, flaky erains. These under the microscope are clear and homogeneous. This platy cleavage makes it difficult to obtain good quantitative measurements of its optical properties. Like the rossite the cleavage flakes show the emergence of an optic axis with a very high disper- sion. The indices of refraction are considerably higher than those of rossite. Only a was within the range of the oils available and was found to be 1.840, 8 and y were both somewhat higher than 1.85 but could not be measured directly because the ease with which the mineral dehydrated and melted prevented the use of piperine-iodide melts. The birefringence is high and so far as could be determined the minerals showed no pleochroism. RELATION OF ROSSITE AND METAROSSITE TO OTHER MINERALS There are no known vanadates having the composition of these two minerals nor any arsenates or phosphates similar to them. They are, however, members of a series with the other known calcium vandates found in nature, hewettite, and pascoite. Tripling the formule of rossite and metarossite brings out the following inter- esting relation: VES SYS ERIE ES I IS ye a OO 1 CaO, 3 V20;. 9 HO. Bbiccoied.: sac nig Te a 2 CaO. 3 V20s. 11 HO. RECO SU ti catemeeseaedara va ote OGRE OLN iN SoS ib 3 CaO. 3 V20s. 12 H20. INFETAMOSS Ti Guenre nc sene umn aca wheat Ea re Nur 3 CaO. 3 V20;:. 6 H20. The relation of metarossite to rossite is not entirely clear. It is possible that in common with many other minerals with a decided platy cleavage the water content is variable and that the compound can lose water without any great change in its molecular structure. The ratios for the two hydrates show, upon analysis, such good agreement with the theoretically required amounts without any evi- dence for any intermediate steps that it seems possible that we are dealing here with two distinct hydrates and not with a continuous series. Even were this not the case it is deemed advisable to separate the two compounds in mineral nomenclature in order to avoid confusion, the properties of the two substances being so greatly different. . SYNTHESIS Both pascoite and rossite have been synthesized by Waldemar T. Schaller? by heating hewettite suspended in water with precipitated calcium carbonate on the steam bath and allowing the clear solution 1 Unpublished data. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 to crystallize at room temperature. Rossite was formed when the calcium carbonate was present in excess. The crystals formed in this way are similar in every respect with those obtained by recrystallizing the natural rossite or metarossite. If the synthetic mineral is left exposed to the air it eventually loses water and passes over into metarossite. SUMMARY ROSSITD Name.—In honor of Dr. C. 8. Ross, of the United States Geologi- cal Survey. Chemical properties—A hydrous calcium vanadate, CaO. V.O,. 4H,O. Analysis: CaO 18, MgO 0.14, V,O; 58, H,O 22.90. Sum 100.64. Soluble in water. Crystallographical properties—Triclinic. «#,=0.4969, y,=0.1624, po= 0.8295, A=80° 39’, p=59° 31’, v= 85° 38’, a=98° 18’, B=97° 24’, y=89° 34’. Habit prismatic. Forms: ¢ (001), 6 (010), a (100), m (110), y (101). Physical and optical properties—Color yellow. Luster pearly to vitreous. Biaxial. 2V large. Plane of the optic axes parallel to the axis ¢ with Z=e. a=1.710, B=1.770, y=1.840. Dispersion strong. Hardness: 2-3; specific gravity 2.45. Occurrence—Found as small glassy kernels embedded in flaky metarossite at Bull Pen Canyon, San Miguel County, Colo. METAROSSITE Name.—in allusion to its relation to rossite, a partially dehydrated rossite. Chemical properties—A. hydrous calcium vanadate, CaO. V,O,. 2H,O. Analyses CaO 20.04; 19.60, MgO 0.10; 0.18, V.O, 64.08; 64.20, H,O 13.56; 14.08, Insoluble 2.72; 2.48. Sums 100.50; 100.49. Soluble in water. Physical and optical properties——Color yellow. Luster pearly to dull. Biaxial. 2V large. Dispersion strong. a=1.840, 8 and y higher than 1.85. Soft and friable. Occurrence.—Found as small veinlets in sandstone at Bull Pen Canyon, San Miguel Canyon, Colo., as a dehydration product of rossite. O CRYSTALLINE CARNOTITE FROM UTAH By Frank L. Hess Of the United States Bureau of Mines and Witrram EF. Fosuac Assistant Curator, United States National ilwseun OCCURRENCE Contributed by Frank L. Hess. s The carnotite deposits of Colorado, Utah, and Arizona have been watched carefully since they first became known, in the hope of finding the mineral in visible crystals. Many specimens of a crystal- line yellow uranium mineral have been collected, but when tested they invariably proved to be the calcium mineral, tyuyamunite, so that crystal form or waxy body was and may yet be taken as almost surely indicating the mineral with the name of Siberian ancestry. The carnotite fields have yielded a number of new minerals, vanoxite, pintadoite, uvanite, rauvite, and rossite, and when in examining a carnotite deposit on a little flat known as Bridger Jack, on the west side of Cane Springs Pass which leads over a low shoulder of the La Sal Mountains 16 miles southeast of Moab, I discovered veinlets of a golden yellow mineral beautifully crystallized in plates, the broadest of which were between one and two millimeters across, I did not know whether the mineral was a new one or an old one in a new guise. The mineral formed compact crusts one or two millimeters thick and 15 or 20 centimeters broad on the walis of narrow cracks. Where the crusts did not entirely fill the cracks the exposed surface had a dull greenish color and showed indistinct crystal terminations. The veinlets were in a buff porous sandstone of the McEImo forma- tion, presumably of either Lower Cretaceous or Upper Jurassic age. The rocks are here in the drainage basin of Grand River (now by congressional enactment the upper part of the Colorado) and erdsion has entirely removed the rocks above the McElmo. No. 2708.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 72, ART. 12 58239—27 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 Dutton‘ concluded that the erosion of the Grand Canyon began in Eocene time. Situated as it is on a small tributary near the upper end of the Grand Canyon, erosion probably exposed the Bridger Jack area to oxidation and the action of meteoric water at a con- siderably later period in the Tertiary. The veins are later than the usual carnotite deposits of the plateau region, for the ordinary deposits are impregnations of sand- stone in connection with leaves or fillings of cavities in old tree trunks (awracariowylon) some of which were hollow and all were partly decayed before petrifaction. What the form of the minerals may have been when deposited is uncertain, but carnotite and other minerals now present were not formed until the rocks were eroded and exposed to the percolation of meteoric waters. Generally carnotite and related minerals have moved out far enough to make an aureole around the vegetal masses, but after the soft sandstones were brought near enough to the surface to allow the formation of open cracks, the carnotite at this place was moved from the aureole and deposited in tle cracks. PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES Contributed by William F. Foshag The carnotite (U.S.N.M. 95332) forms crusts from 1-2 millimeters in thickness and with rough botyroidal surface on calcareous sand- stone. The outer surface is colored greenish to brownish yellow and shows only faint suggestions of crystal faces. The inner portion is made up of coarse plates in parallel position or roughly radiated. These plates are of a deep lemon yellow color with a decided tinge of green and have a pearly silky luster. The powdered mineral is of a strontian yellow color. Under the microscope the mineral is seen to be made up of clear yellow plates showing a perfect platy cleavage. ‘There appears how- ever, to be no other cleavage. These plates show no pleochroism but grains oriented normal to the cleavage are strongly pleochroic. The scheme is: X grayish yellow with strong absorption, Y lemon yellow, Z lemon yellow. As far as could be determined the plates show parallel extinction. The cleavage flakes show a biaxial interference figure and a medium dispersion of the optic axes. The axial angle (2 V) on material containing 1.32 per cent of water was measured with the aid of a micrometer ocular and found to be 50°+2°. The indices of refraction of the mineral were found to be somewhat higher than amorphous sulphur. Material dried over concentrated sulphuric 1 Dutton, Clarence H. The physical geology of the Canon district. U.S. Geol. Survey, Second Ann. Rep., p. 119, 1882. ART. 12 CARNOTITE FROM UTAH—-HESS AND FOSHAG acid (H,O=1.32 per cent) showed, with sulphur-selenium melts, the following indices of refraction: B=2.06 and y=2.08 for Na light. The mineral left over sulphuric acid of a water vapor pressure of 19 mm. (H,O=1.72 per cent) was somewhat lower, B=2.04, y=2.06. CHEMICAL PROPHRTIES Contributed by William F. Foshag For analysis there were selected the thicker crusts that were easily detached from the rock. These had a maximum thickness of 2 mm. and were entirely made up of coarse, clean plates. The lower sur- face of the crusts was pared with a knife to remove any adhering sand grains or calcite from the sandstone cement. The mineral was then crushed to pass 100 mesh and the material thus prepared was ex- amined under the petrographic microscope for impurities. The sample consisted almost wholly of clear, coarse, transparent plates of carnotite of a bright yellow color. Some of the larger grains had a clouded appearance but reflected light showed this effect to be due to included air spaces. A careful search revealed no visible grains of calcite. The analysis of the carnotite was accomplished as follows: Water was determined both directly and as loss on ignition. As these two determinations gave essentially the same amounts of water later determinations were made wholly as ignition loss. The vanadium was separated from the other constituents by volatilization as vana- dium chloride in a stream of dry hydrochloric acid gas. The distillate was examined for molybdenum, phosphorus, iron, arsenic, and lead and found to be essentially free of these elements. The vanadium was then reduced with sulphur dioxide and titrated with potassium permanganate solution after removal of the SO, by boil- ing in a stream of carbon dioxide. ‘The residue in the boat, left from the distillation of the vanadium was entirely soluble in water except for a small amount of gangue. Hydrogen sulphide passed into this acidified solution gave only traces of lead and copper. The uranium, iron, and alumina after oxidation of the iron were separated from the lime and magnesia by three precipitations with carbonate free ammonia. The separations of these constituents were made by the usual methods. Alkalis were determined in a separate portion after the vanadium was separated by distillation, uranium, iron, and alumina by freshly prepared ammonium sulphide and lime and magnesia by ammonium carbonate and ammonium oxalate. The results of the analysis together with the calculated ratios and the - theoretical composition for the compound K,O. 2U0,. V,O,. 2/3H,0. is given in the table below. | 4 *PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Analysis, ratios, and theoretical composition of carnotite from Moab, Utah Analysis Ratios irae FAC ak UA SO ata ANNO pare MeN Dalal eA Ake 1.35 | 0.075 2/3 14 CTO MP Oper OE Oe up ENee e olere INA re @ ie. ue Se DSS AIS anrenlipeOR YL The Aine B22 TB Y2 1 Ge SOE A WOR sto Bee MURINE IRN ea None. CET UMM RIC SOS israay MMR Nao aN AS a ae . 64 . 011 Fs Out: BO Wis ES. ae OT ENED 9. 58 . 101 1X 1. 008 10. 9 Niaig@) an tained Sen Wale Rei 5 005 Hes 6 nd Ne a ee ah ee es 0 04 AOS RE OG dS SNORE SEIS . 16 1 ICE SSRN es NI OU SpA NEEDED Tha 65. 62 . 229 2 X 0. 996 66. 6 Vi Og ae CEU CSN Se cate ale NU ee ee None. RUS CNS Me ils oo Maik ce NG BOY RES Fae MMS LOLS Le ot Pike 17% . 116 1X 1. 000 21.1 EK Yeah Man UUsCROA si EA pl cine UWE ASO AGI Tn Sa Ne As Os Cac Een fume a ee Ns eae SU UU ep None INS Zo) pmo 8 BS Ns ts KO Mae None TASTA'GS CS Aca EAL CERO a ane a 32 §9. 40 From these results it is readily seen that the mineral from Cane Springs Pass is an unusually pure carnotite. It is interesting to note the absence of barium’and copper, elements reported by Hille- brand in the finer grained carnotites, as well as of phosphorus, ar- senic, and molybdenum. The lime content is appreciable, and since no calcite could be detected in the analyzed sample it probably belongs to the mineral where it replaces potash. If the lime is calculated with the alkalies, the ratios come out very close to the theoretical values. The soda content is so small as to be of doubtful significance. Tt will be noted that the water content is much lower than that ordinarily given for carnotite. The air-dried material carried a. water content of 1.386 per cent, while material kept over sulphuric acid having a water vapor pressure of 19 mm. had a water content of 1.72 per cent. The water content is therefore quite variable, a char- acteristic common to the members of the uranite groups. The water content is not only determined by the vapor pressure of the water but probably by the size of the grains as well. : RADIUM—URANIUM RATIO Contributed by Frank L. Hess It is not surprising, considering the geology of the veins, that lead could not be determined chemically. Sufficient time had not elapsed since the solution and redeposition of the carnotite for the disintegra- ART. 12 CARNOTITE FROM UTAH—-HESS AND FOSHAG 5 tion of the uranium to form lead in chemically measurable quantity unless much more carnotite than was available could be used. How- ever, that some lead is present was shown spectroscopically by E. G. Zies, who was kind enough to test the mineral for us. He found also copper and tin, together with gold and silver, the amount of the last two being very small. The problem of the age of the mineral had therefore to be at- tacked through the proportional equilibrium of the radium present. Rutherford? estimated that equilibrium of radioactivity—that is, the maximum possible quantity of radium present with its ancestral uranium—was reached after a period of 10,000,000 years. Mr. C. W. Davis, of the Reno station of the Bureau of Mines, was therefore asked to make a determination of the proportional radioactivity, which he kindly did, using a part of the analyzed material. Con- cerning the determination Mr. Davis wrote: The carnotite from Foshag’s analysis contains 65.6 per cent UOs, which, using the atomie weight of uranium as given in the international table of atomic weights for 1925, gives the uranium content of 54.60 per cent. Standard pitchblende, part of the sample used by Lind and Roberts in their determination of the absolute value of the radium: uranium ratio,* containing 66.12 per cent U, was used to standardize the instruments and the Ra/U ratio found by them (3.40 by 10—’) was used in my calculations. Four samples of the carnotite of about 60 milligrams each and four samples of the standard pitchblende of about 50 milligrams each were accurately weighed into thin glass bulbs on an assay balance, and the bulbs, which were provided with a neck, were sealed off by drawing out the neck. After from 35 to 88 days (it took 4 days to make the final determinations) these samples were analyzed for radium. The method described by Lind and Whittemore® as the “solution emanation method in a single operation” was chosen as the most satisfactory for the purpose. This prevents any loss of radium that might occur from the long standing of solutions and eliminates errors that might oceur in determining the “emanating power” of the minerals used. It also makes the use of equi- librium tables unnecessary. The details of boiling off, collection, and measur- ' ing of the radon are given by Lind.® The electroscope chambers were treated so that the natural leak was satis- factory (0.033 divisions per second), and a blank test on the reagents and apparatus gave precisely the same rate of leaf fall. This natural leak remained eonsiant during the four days on which the tests were made. Fifteen electroscopiec readings were made for each determination, the pres- sure in the chambers being kept at less than atmospheric until about 50 minutes before readings. At the times during which readings were taken the barometric pressure was within the limits 644 mm. and 642.9 mm., and the temperature was within the limits 20° C. and 18.5° C., so that no correction is necessary for these factors. 2 Rutherford, E. Radioactive substai.ces and their radiations. Cambridge, p. 431, 1913. 3 Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 47, p. 600, 1925. 4Tdem, vol. 42, p. 1170, 1920. 5 Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 88, pp. 12-13, 1915. 6 Journ. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol. 7, p. 1024, 1915. 6. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 The results are given in tabular form below: D. P.S. per g. Ra per g.X107 Chamber No. © Standard piteh- Carnotite | Standard | Carnotite nee Ex107 1 ie ESAS Yar Vl eal ea)? Pepe es a A eS PN AES SE ae REE MTT ELS Con ean DO TAS AZAD Da a RES ON Se Average..._---- 30. 364 | 17. 140 2. 248 1. 269 | 0. 5460 PRES EA 2 er O27 VAL Te B22? Se CARE) SL eg ete NCAP MERCATOR ICAU SUNT QO ey Ue TAA i a ee ig Average.) uo 31. 873 | 17.648 | 2.248 1.244 | 0.5460 { 2 a You will notice that the Ra: U ratio (2.830X10-") is only about 68 per cent of the normal ratio (3.40X10-') determined by Lind and Roberts. From Mr. Davis’s determination that the radioactivity is about 68 per cent of that present when radium is in equilibrium, it follows that the mineral is about 6,800,000 years old—say 7,000,000 years, and such a figure accords well with the geology of the deposit. The ordinary carnotites of the region show as much as 0.80 per cent PbO, indicating an age of about 42,000,000 years.? Owing to the movement of the mineral the lead here too is probably lower than it would be if the mineral occupied exactly its original position. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado, although much deeper and more imposing farther down the river, nevertheless has a very con- siderable development at Moab, where the drainage from Bridger Jack joins the main stream. Concerning the age of the Grand Canyon in years, Dutton * said: No doubt the question will often be asked, how long has been the time occupied in the excavation of the Grand Canyon? Unfortunately there is no mystery more inscrutable than the duration of geological time. On this point geologists have obtained no satisfactory results in any part of the world. Whatever periods may have been assigned to the antiquity of past events have been assigned provisionally only, and the inferences are almost purely hypo- thetical. In the Plateau country, Nature, has, in some respects, been far more communicative than in other regions, and has answered many questions far more fully and graciously. But here, as elsewhere, whenever we interrogate her about time other than relative, her lips are sternly closed, and her face becomes as the face of the Sphinx. Through the crystallized carnotite just described Nature partly answers the question of age. Possibly other discoveries of radio- active minerals will allow a still further determination of the age of the Colorado Canyon as they do of many other earth features. ™Hess, Frank L. New and known minerals from the Utah-Colorado carnotite region. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 750, p. 78, 1924. 8 Dutton, C. E., U. S. Geol. Survey, Second Ann. Rep., p. 166. O MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES By R. A. CusHman, Associate Hniomotogist, Bureau of Hntomology, United States Department of Agriculture This paper consists of the descriptions of one new genus and thirteen new species of North American Ichneumonidae, four new species from the Neotropical Region, short revisions of the North American species of several genera, several generic transfers, and the synonymizing of two EKuropean species. Genus ISCHNOPSIDEA Viereck Ischnus AUTHORS, not Gravenhorst. ‘ Rhesvidermus (Koerster) ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 171, pl. 12, fig. 2. Two specimens of a species referable to this genus have recently come to hand. They are specifically distinct from coloradensis Cush- man as well as from the unnamed species referred to in the descrip- tion of coloradensis. ISCHNOPSIDEA ALBERTA, new species Distinguishable at once from coloradensis Cushman by the larger eyes and consequently shorter malar space, the entirely black an- tennae, and the relatively longer tergites, as well as by many of the following characters: Female —Length 7.5 mm.; antennae (tips broken but in the para- type about two-thirds as long as body). Head large; temples nearly as broad as eyes, slightly sloping, con- vex; eyes large, parallel within, their long diameter about four times the length of malar space; face densely, transversely striato-punc- tate, head otherwise, including clypeus, sparsely punctate and pol- ished. Thorax shining, punctate, metapleurum densely so; scutellum: polished, almost impunctate, margined to beyond middle; propodeum with basal areas punctate, middle areas polished, apical areas trans- No. 2709.—PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 72, ART. I3.. hale onl 1 2, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 72 versely striate, and pleural areas rugulose opaque; areola pentagonal, less than twice as long as basal area. Abdomen slender, third ter- gite fully as long as broad; postpetiole longitudinally rugulose; gastrocoeli nearly confluent medially, abdomen densely, opaquely punctate; ovipositor sheath about half as long as first segment. Black; antennae entirely black; mandibles, palpi, tegulae, humeral and subapical lines whitish or pale stramineous; legs testaceous, the distal joints of trochanters paler, hind tibia and tarsus infuscate, the tibia not paler at base. Type locality ——Kdmonton, Alberta. Type.—Cat. No. 40432, U.S.N.M. Two females collected by George Salt, the type on October 21, 1923, and the paratype on March 25, 1924. The paratype is slightly smaller than the type and has the legs somewhat more contrastingly colored. CRYPTUS CALIGATUS, new species Apparently closely related to dwctwosus Cresson, but differing at least an its black front tarsi and medially interrupted apical propodeal carina. Female—Length 9 mm.; antenna 8 mm.; ovipositor 2.5 mm. Temples sharply convexly sloping, sparsely punctate, subpolished ; vertex more densely punctate, subopaque; frons concave but hardly excavated, opaque reticulate rugose, without median carina, scrobes subpolished and transversely wrinkled; eyes large and bulging; diameter of lateral ocellus very shghtly shorter than ocell-ocular line; face opaquely finely punctate; clypeus polished, sparsely punctate, in profile nasutiform; cheeks in front view slightly convex, their extended angle acute; malar space slightly longer than basal width of mandible, opaque shagreened with sparse, weak punctures; first joint of flagellum distinctly longer than second. Thorax dorsally and ventrally polished and slightly punctate, later- ally opaque and rugoso-punctate, the speculum polished; propodeum reticulate rugose, basal lateral areas more finely so; basal carina weak, apical carina broadly obsolete medially, the angles prominent, spiracles very broadly oval; legs rather stout, the hind femur about five times as long as deep; tarsi slender, only the fourth joint nar- rowly cordate; abdomen finely, granularly opaque throughout except petiole which is polished dorsally and transversely rugose laterally, petiole somewhat depressed, postpetiole broad, spiracles about as close to each other as to apex; second tergite distinctly longer than broad at base; ovipositor sheath nearly as long as first two tergites. Black; short lines on posterior and facial orbits and dot at top of eye yellow; wings uniformily, dilutely impunctate, tegulae black; ART. 13 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEHUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 3 all femora and front and middie tibiae ferruginous, joimts 2-5 of hind tarsus brown, legs otherwise black. Type locality —Calgary, Alberta. Type—Cat. No. 40433, U.S.N.M. Two females colected by George Salt, the type on August 5, and the paratype on July 19, 1924. Genus AGROTHEREUTES Foerster Probably not generically distinct from Spilocryptus Thomson, of which it is sometimes treated as a subgenus. Viereck+ uses it to replace Cryptus Fabricius, which he considers to be preoccupied by Cryptus Jurine. It is here used, in its original restricted sense, as including subapterous forms of the tribe Cryptini related to Spilo- cry ptus. No North American species referable to the genus in this restricted sense appears to have been described. The following three new species are typical, agreeing with all characters assigned to Spilo- eryptus in Schmiedeknecht’s keys? except those of wing venation. Schmiedeknecht considers A grothereutes a subgenus of Spilocryptus. All three species have the following characters in common: Head black, granularly opaque, clypeus polished and sparsely punctate; temples strongly sloping, weakly convex; eyes large, bulging, very slightly divergent below; lower margin of antennal foramen at about lower fourth of eye; flagellum slightly thicker at apex than at. base, blackish with the basal joints reddish and an incomplete annulus spanning joints 5-8 white. Thorax, except mesoscutum, scutellum, postscutellum, and mesosternum, which are shining, subopaquely roughened; propodeum with basal carina medially and pleural carinae obsolete and apical carina defined only at angles, where it is prominent; legs testaceous, hind femur at apex, and hind tibia except at extreme base fuscous, basally whitish, the same pattern but paler on middle and front tibiae. Abdomen granularly sub- opaque, the first tergite polished; first three tergites reddish, others black, the seventh with a median apical white spot. KEY TO NORTH AMBRICAN SPECIES Mrultoneexq leno e liye me (a wees ii eee abe Sed le ec rufopectus, new species. Thorax black __--" Le MEAN RAIS SE eA EEL UNA SON NUE SIRO SO Ste CR ean SIL 2 2. Wirst tergite fully two-thirds as broad as long; abdomen basally rufous, third tergite more or less black apically______-__________ slossonae, new species. First tergite less than two-thirds as broad as long; abdomen basally testa- ceous, third tergite not at all black -______________ microlatus, new species. 1Hym. Conn. 2 Opusc. Ichn. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 AGROTHEREUTES RUFOPECTUS, new species Distinct from the other two species in its largely red thorax. Female.—Length 6.5 mm.; antennae 4.5 mm.; ovipositor 2 mim. Diameter of lateral ocellus nearly as long as ocell-ocular line; malar space equal to basal width of mandible; penultimate joint of flagellum nearly as thick as long; second joint of maxillary palpus half as thick as long; front wings not reaching propodeal tubercles; first tergite fully two-thirds as broad at apex as long. Head black with facial orbits narrowly reddish; thorax dark rufous, sutures, prothorax laterally, prepectus, metapleurum below, metasternum, and basal areas of propodeum black; abdomen basally rufous, third tergite apically blackish. Type locality.—Bilby, Alberta. Type.—Cat. No. 40434, U.S.N.M. One specimen collected by George Salt on June 28, 1924. AGROTHEREUTES SLOSSONAE, new species Female—Length 6.5 mm.; antennae 5 mm.; ovipositor 2 mm. Diameter of lateral ocellus about two-thirds as long as ocell-ocular line; malar space slightly longer than basal width of mandible; pen- ultimate joint of flagellum distinctly longer than thick; second joint of maxillary palpus hardly half as thick as long; front wings fully reaching propodeal tubercles; first tergite fully two-thirds as broad at apex as long. | Head black; maxillary palpi pale testaceous; thorax entirely black; abdomen basally rufous, third tergite more or less blackish apically. Type locality—¥ranconia, New Hampshire. Type—Cat. No. 404385, U.S.N.M. Two specimens probably collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. AGROTHEREUTES MICROALATUS, new species Differs from slossonae in its smaller size, more slender form and shorter wings. Female—Length 5.5 mm.; antennae 3.5 mm.; ovipositor 1.5 mm. Diameter of lateral ocellus little more than half as long as ocell- ocular line; malar space slightly longer than basal width of mandible; penultimate joint of flagellum distinctly longer than thick; second joint of maxillary palpus nearly three times as long as thick; front wings not reaching propodeal tubercles; first tergite less than two- thirds as broad at apex as long. Head black; maxillary palpi pale testaceous, thorax entirely black; abdomen basally testaceous, third tergite entirely so. Type locality—New England. Type.—Cat. No. 40436, U.S.N.M. ART. 13 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 5 One specimen taken from the stomach of a ruffed grouse and received from the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. ISCHNUS DODDI, new species In Schmiedeknecht’s key to genera of Cryptini this species runs with no difficulty to (Habrocryptus Thomson)=J/schnus Graven- horst; and, except for its rather large oval propodeal spiracle, rela- tively shorter first flagellar joint, and narrower abdomen with relatively long apical tergites, differs structurally in no significant way from the genotype, /schnus porrectorius (Fabricius). Female—tLength 11 mm.; antennae 8 mm.; ovipositor 6 mm. Head transverse; eyes large and slightly bulging; temples sharply receding and rather weakly convex; vertex and frons densely, finely punctate, temples sparsely punctate; eyes slightly longer than width of face, parallel within; face densely punctate, medially elevated, with a longitudinal impression on each side of the elevation; clypeus in profile nasutiform; cheeks convex; malar space two-thirds as long as basal width of mandible; antennae slender, basal joint of flagel- lum only slightly longer than second joint. Thorax opaque, finely confluently punctate; pronotum laterally rugulose, epomia strong; notauli long, foveolate; scutellum polished, very weakly punctate; sternauli weak, speculum small, shining, obliquely roughened; meso- pleural furrow foveolate; propodeum rather coarsely reticulate — rugose behind the basal carina, more finely so in front, the sculpture merging laterally into that of the metapleurum; basal carina strong, apical carina developed only laterally ; all longitudinal carinae, includ- ing the pleural, wanting; spiracle rather large, oval; legs and wings normal for the genus. Abdomen elongate lanceolate, first three ter- gites granularly opaque; first tergite more than twice as long as broad at apex, second much longer than broad at base, postpetiole broader than long; ovipositor nearly as long as abdomen; apex elon- gate sagittate. Head and thorax black with the following whitish markings; orbits, broadly on cheeks and narrowly interrupted on malar space, small spots on clypeus and at base of mandible, incomplete annulus on flagellar joints 6-9, anterior and humeral margins of pronotum, tegula at base and apex, subalar tubercle, and scutellum except at apex; wings hyaline with blackish venation, the stigma pale at base; legs ferruginous, the front coxa behind and trochanter piceous, front and middle coxae pale below. Abdomen with first two tergites entirely and third except at sides ferruginous, rest black except a broad white band at apex of fourth tergite and pale membraneous margins of apical tergites. Host —Cactoblastis cactorum. Type locality —Piriapolis, Uraguay. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 72 Type.—Cat. No. 40487, U.S.N.M. Two females reared in January, 1925, by Alan P. Dodd under his No. 105. Genus TRICHOCRYPTUS Thomson Sobas Forrstser, Verh. Nat. Ver. Preuss. Rheini., vol. 25, 1868, p. 187— ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Hnt. Nachr., vol. 16, 1890, p. 118. Type—Ichnewmon cinciorius Fabricius, Trichocryptus THomson, Opuse. Ent., fase. 5, 1873, pp. 520, 521; vol. 6, 1874, p. 609. Type.—Ichneumon cinctorius Fabricius. Apsilops ASHMmMmap, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 23, 1896, p. 207 (not Foerster). Type.—Cryptus hirtifrons Ashmead. Dapanus ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, p. 29 (not Foerster). Type.—Ichneumon cinctorius Habricius. In an earlier paper? I argued that 7chneumon cinetorius Fabri- clus could not function as the genotype of Sobas Foerster on the ground that it would not agree with the characters ascribed by Foerster to his Family Cryptoidae, in which he placed the genus Sobas. Upon examination of Foerster’s manuscript, however, I find that he actually founded his genus on cinctorius; and it must, I therefore think, be accepted as the type of Sobas in spite of its disagreement with the generic description. Sobas Foerster is preoccupied by Sobas Pascoe, 1863. As pointed out by Thomson (p. 612), the genotype will run in Foerster’s key to the Phygadeuontoidae to either A pstlops or Hetero- typus, depending upon whether the basal flagellar joints are con- sidered short or long as stated in couplet 7 of the key. It will certainly not run to Dapanus, in which genus Ashmead placed it and of which it was considered as type by Viereck, for by the same char- acter by which it agrees with Heterotypus it differs from Dapanus. All published notes on the biology of species of Z'richocryptus associate it with water. As early as 1785 Fourcroy‘ records (Jehneu- mon scirpi Fourcroy) =Trichocry ptus cinctorius (Fabricius) as liv- ing in its larval stage in Scirpus, while Henriksen * records the other European species, Z’richocryptus aquaticus Thomson as parasitic on Hydrocaumpa nympheata feeding on Potamogeton natans. Hart® records having observed (Cryptus cyaneiventris Riley MS) =Tri- chocryptus hirtifrons (Ashmead) walking on the leaves of water plants both above and below the surface of the water in search for its host (Hydrocampa) Nymphula obliteralis (Walker). The dense fine pubescence of the body is apparently associated with the habit of entering water. ’ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, 1920, p. 258. 4Hntomologia Parisiensis, pt. 1, p. 413. 5 Hint. Meddel., vol. 12, Heft 2, 1918, p. 218. 6 Bull. Il. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, 1895, pp. 178 and 270. ART. 13 - DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN el Head and thorax opaque, finely confluently punctate and entirely covered with a very fine, short, velvety, more or less glittering pubescence; abdomen somewhat less densely punctate, the pubescence correspondingly sparser. Head transverse with temples convexly sloping, in front view subtriangular with malar space longer than basal width of mandibles and mouth rather narrow; clypeus inflexed and truncate at apex, exposing the labrum; pubescence of clypeus 2nd mandibles longer than that on rest of head; antennae of female rather short and strongly thickened toward apex, first flagellar joint shorter than second. Notauli strong, complete; scutellum weakly convex, not margined laterally; sternauli short; propodeum long, completely areolated, areola broadly hexagonal, costulae before mid- dle, apical carina mucronate on each side, spiracles small, short oval; alar areolet large, the intercubiti nearly parallel; radial cell short; nervulus antefurcal; postnervulus broken below middle; nervellus reclivous, strongly broken either above or below middie; apical tarsal joints in female long, that of hind tarsus nearly or quite as long as second joint, claws large, strongly curved, simple. Abdomen in femaie rather broadly ovate, and apical segments short; first tergite with lateral carinae extending to apex, dorsal carinae nearly to apex. Only one described North American species is referable to this genus: (Cryptus) Trichocryptus hirtifrons (Ashmead). To this may now be added the very distinct new species described below. TRICHOCRYPTUS HIRTIFRONS (Ashmead) Cryptus hirtifrons ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 411, male. Cryptus cyaneiventris Rittey MS., Insect Life, vol. 3, 1890, p. 154.—H Art, Bull, Til. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, 1895, pp. 178, 270. New syno- nyms. ) Apsilops hirtifrons ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, 1896, p. 207.— DALLA Torre, Cat. Hym., 1901-1902, p. 715, female. Agrothereutes (Apsilops) hirtifrons VirreckK, Hym. Conn., (1916), 1917, pp. 3380, 333. (Trichocryptus) hirtifrons CUSHMAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, 1920, p. 259. Originally described from a single Texan male; the female was described six years later from specimens from Illinois collected by C. A. Hart in association with (Hydrocampa) Nymphula obliteralis (Walker). Lype.—Cat. No. 2028, U.S.N.M. In addition to the unique type male there are in the National collection 11 females from Columbus, Ohio; one from Havana, Illinois (ex Hydrocampa), one of the specimens taken by Hart; and one from Florida, reared March 26, 1888, from Pyralid on water lily, under Bureau of Entomology No. 4261°. The last mentioned is 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 72 the specimen recorded in Insect Life under “Cryptus cyaneiventris Riley MS.” ‘Three females and one male reared by Hart and loaned me by the Illinois State Natural History Survey have also been examined. The Illinois male has the red of the lees much paler than in the type and also has a small white spot on the scutellum, but seems not to differ otherwise. The following characters of the female are given for comparison with the corresponding characters of the new species. Scutellum and spot at apex of abdomen white; abdomen black with faint purplish reflection, apex of second tergite narrowly red- dish; tibiae and tarsi black or blackish. Eyes longer than width of face, very slightly convergent below; temples strongly receding; their anteroposterior length much less than that of eye. Thorax much less than twice as long as deep (measured from middle of mesosternum to middle of scutellum); petiolar area longer than combined areola and basal area; legs slender, apical joint of hind tarsus slightly shorter than second joint; first tergite much less than half as broad at apex as long, petiole slender, dorsal carinae weak, spiracle at apical third; second tergite nearly as long as broad at apex; ovipositor slender, apex elongate sagittate. TRICHOCRYPTUS BICOLOR, new species Immediately distinguishable from hirtifrons (Ashmead) by its red abdomen. Female.—Length 5.5 mm.; antennae 3 mm.; ovipositor 1 mm. Head rather thick, temples rather broad, their antero-posterior length nearly equal to that of eye; eyes as long as width of face, distinctly convergent below. Thorax fully twice as long as deep; propodeum in profile straight above, precipitate behind, petiolar area shorter than combined areola and basal area; legs rather stout, apical joint of hind tarsus as long as second joint; wings long; areolet shghtly convergent above; nervellus broken below middle. First tergite stout, barely twice as long as broad at apex, dorsal carinae strong, spiracles at about middle, petiole thick, flattened above and broader than deep; second tergite much broader at apex than long; ovipositor stout, sword-shaped, not apically sagittate. Head and thorax entirely black, with blackish pubescence, an- tennae and palpi dark brown; wings faintly smoky; legs ferrugi- nous with only the trochanters blackish; abdomen, except petiole, pale ferruginous, apex immaculate. Type locality —Sprague, Washington. Type—Cat, No. 40438, U.S.N.M. One female taken July 16, 1922, by M. C. Lane. ART. 13 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES—-CUSHMAN g TRICHESTEMA, new genus Agrees with the above description of Trichocryptus Thomson ex- cept as follows: Malar space shorter than basal width of mandible; antennae in female only slightly thickened toward apex, first and second flagellar joints equal in length; propodeal spiracle long, slit-like; areolet with intercubiti strongly convergent above, radial cell long; abdomen in female lanceolate, the apical segments long. co 5 a Ey = = Fig. 1.—TRICHESTEMA HELCOSTIZOIDES CUSHMAN. DRAWN FROM TYPE. The long apical abdominal segments, and short, thick first tergite give this genus a habitus strongly reminiscent of Helcostizus Foerster. The velvety pubescence probably indicates an association with water. Genotype.—Trichestema helcostizoides Cushman, new species. TRICHESTEMA HELCOSTIZOIDES, new species Female.—Length 11 mm.; antennae 4.5 mm.; ovipositor 3 mm. Head transverse, temples sloping, their antero-posterior length slightly less than that of eye; eyes about as long as their distance apart, parallel within; malar space slightly shorter than basal 55222—27. 2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 width of mandible; clypeus less than half as long as broad. ‘Thorax flattened dorsally, more than twice as long as deep; propodeum straight above, precipitate and concave behind, upper hind angles very prominent, but angulate rather than mucronate, areola and petiolar area confluent and together longer than petiolar area; legs, especially femora, stout; apical joint of hind tarsus as long as second joint; nervellus broken slightly above middie. Abdomen shining, finely and rather densely punctate; first tergite less than twice as long as broad at apex with very strong carinae, spiracle at apical third, petiole very broad, flat above; last three tergites about equal in length and only slightly shorter than fifth; oviposi- tor stout, sword-like, not apically sagittate. | Head and thorax black, pubescence silvery, palpi brown, scutellum white; legs ferruginous, trochanters and tarsi black, middle tibia at base and hind tibia throughout fuscous; wings grayish because of dense pubescence, veins black, stigma testaceous; abdomen black; second and third tergites somewhat reddish. Type locality.—Bruce, South Dakota. Type—Cat. No. 40439, U.S.N.M. One female taken August 24, 1923, by H. C. Severin. EPHIALTES NIGROAENEUS, new species Female——Length 7 mm.; antennae 7 mm.; ovipositor 2 mm. Head polished, unsculptured, and with only sparse pubescence; eyes sinuate within; face broader than vertex, its sides divergent below; clypeus small, separated at base, truncate at apex, weakly im- pressed and narrowly reflexed at apex; malar space as long as basal width of mandible; vertex narrow, ocell-ocular line much shorter than diameter of ocellus; temples narrow, and very sharply receding; antennae as long as body; flagellum very slender, its basal joint half as long again as second and fully ten times as long as thick. Thorax polished, without sculpture and almost without pubescence; notauli deep anteriorly; propodeum dorsally finely transversely aciculate, laterally very finely granularly opaque, posteriorly polished without carinae, but with prominent ridges on each side of petiolar area; tib- iae and tarsi opaque and densely pubescent, legs otherwise polished and without vestiture; abdomen finely coriaceous, subopaque; ter- gites 1-5 with subapical transverse impressions, deep at sides and obsolescent in middle; first tergite without carinae and with the basal impression short. Black; propodeum and abdomen aeneous; wings deeply infumate ; legs black with purple reflections, extreme base of front and middle femora, hind femur except apex and apical joint of its trochanter fer- ruginous. ART. 138 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSH MAN il Type locality—Cinchona, Jamacia. Type.—Cat. No. 40440, U.S.N.M One female taken by C. C. Gowdey, August 5, 1926, and bearing his No. 1675. EPHIALTES POLYCHROMUS, new species Female—Length 14 mm.; antennae 13 mm.; ovipositor 4 mm. Head smooth, without ioe except a Te coarse subobgolete punctures on upper part of face; frons deeply concave; face hardly as broad as vertex, somewhat elevated medially and laterally, the elevations separated by rather deep longitudinal impressions; clypeus twice as broad as long, distinctly discreted, apically Pailosdd with a narrow reflexed margin, broadly, slightly soins truncate; malar space little more than half as long as basal width of mandible; ocell-ocular line slightly shorter than diameter of ocellus; temples narrow and very sharply receding; eyes strongly sinuate within; antennae very nearly as long as body, flagellum very slender, slightiy tapering toward apex, its basal joint more than a half longer than second. Thorax smooth; mesoscutum with rather dense suberased punctures, scutellum more sparsely and less distinctly punctured, mesopleurum and metapleurum with a few coarse subobsolete punc- tures; notauli distinct for only a short distance; propodeum coarse- ly transversely striate, the stria at top of apical slope very strong and setting off a rather distinct petiolar area which is less distinctly defined laterally, spiracles large ovate. Abdomen very finely cori- aceous, coarsely, sparsely, and subobsoletely punctate on first five tergites; transverse impressions of tergites 2-5 distinct laterally, obsolete medially; first tergite without dorsal carinae, basal im- pression occupying about half its median length. i) Head and thorax yellow with the following brownish markings: A transverse fascia on vertex including the posterior ocelli, a frontal mark inclosing the anterior ocellus, three stripes on mesoscutum, apex of scutellum, anterior and posterior margins of mesopleurum, a transverse fascia at base of propodeum extending entirely across and surrounding the spiracles, and the apical middle of propodeum; antennae fusco-ferruginous; front and middle legs yellow; the fe- mora inside and the tibiae apically more reddish, the tarsi apically brown; hind coxae brown, yellow below and above except at apex, trochanters pale testaceous and yellow, femur bright ferruginous, tibia yellow with base narrowly and apex broadly fusco-ferruginous; tarsus with first joint yellow, rest fuscous; wings bright yellow, veins blackish, stigma testaceous; basal five tergites brown at base and apex, transversely yellow in middle; apical tergites ferruginous; sheath blackish. Type-locality— Santiago de Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 40441, U.S.N.M. One female. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 HEMITELES (APTESIS) HEMIPTERUS (Fabricius) Synonym.—Hemiteles insignipennis SCHMIEDEKNECHT. (New synonymy.) There are before me three females reared from cocoons of Phytono- mus posticus and four females reared as secondary parasites of Pyrausta nubilalis, two of the latter through Microgaster tibialis Nees and two through Hulimneria crassifemur ('Thomson). One of the three from Phytonomus is fully winged and the two from H'ulimneria are only slightly brachypterous, but are clearly not specifically different from the short-winged specimens. These three run to, and the fully winged one agrees perfectly with, Hemételes in- signipennis Schmiedeknecht. SYRPHOCTONUS FOUTSI, new species An anomalous species, perhaps generically distinct from Syrphoc- tonus, chiefly remarkable for its somewhat elevated clypeus, which is apically entire and not medially sulcate, and, in the female, for its apically attenuate abdomen. The nearest approach in the tribe to this form of clypeus is found in Syrphoctonus vertebratus Cushman, in which the clypeus, though of about the same form otherwise, has a fairly distinct median sulcus. The female of the latter species is unknown. Female.—Length 6 mm.; antennae 4 mm. Head shining with only the face and cheeks opaque; temples con- vexly narrowed; frons medially concave; ocell-ocular line a half longer than diameter of an ocellus; vertex medially elevated, slightly impressed next to eyes; face about twice as broad as long, convex, with rather dense very short pubescence; clypeus twice as broad as long, straight from base to apex, convex from side to side, the apex elevated, subtruncate and without a median sulcus; malar space slightly shorter than basal width of mandible; flagellum filiform, all joints distinctly longer than thick, first a half longer than second. Thorax hardly twice as long as deep, polished, sparsely and weakly punctate; propodeum rather coarsely rugoso-punctate, opaque; apical slope weakly impressed on either side of middle; second abscissa of cubitus twice as long as intercubitus; first brachial cell as broad as long, subdiscoideus below middle of postnervulus; nervellus strongly broken below middle; legs slender, hind tarsus much longer than tibia. Abdomen twice as long as head and thorax, attenuate beyond middle, first two tergites and base of third opaque, rest polished; first slightly longer than broad, broadest at spiracles; second distinctly longer than broad, longitudinally striate in basal middle, widening slightly toward apex; third to seventh deeply emarginate at apex, each successively smaller; eighth and genitalia very small. Black, with the following markings white: Face with short orbital extensions above (in paratype the middle of face nearly to clypeus ART. 13 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 13 is black), malar space and cheeks, clypeus, mandibles, palpi, propleura, lower and posterior margins and humeral angle of pronotum, cunei- form spots on sides of mesocutum, scutellum, and postscutellum, meso- pleurum and sternum, except broad mark on upper pleurum and smaller one in position of sternauli, suture between meso- and meta- pleurum, and spot on metapleurum, antennae black, apical margin of scape and lower side of pedicel and of flagellum for two-thirds of its length white, all coxae and trochanters white, front and middle femora and tibiae pale stramineous, hind femur pale testaceous, its tibia white with extreme apex black; tarsi white, apical joints and small apices of basal joints of hind tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline, veins and stigma brownish, tegulae and radices white; abdomen immacu- late above, sternites black, membrane white. Male.—Antennae white beneath throughout; legs paler; abdomen not attenuate apically, more or less sculptured throughout, tergites not emarginate, second to sixth white at apex; otherwise like female. Type locality.—Glen Echo, Maryland. Type.—Cat. No. 40442, U.S.N.M. Two females and one male, all taken by Robert M. Fouts, the allotype at Washington, District of Columbia. Genus HIMERTUS Thomson ? Himeria Forrstrer, Verh. nat. Ver. preuss. Rheinland, vol. 25, 1868, p. 200. Himerius TuHomson, Opuse. Ent., fase. 9, 1883, p. 926. Genotype.—(Himer- tus bisannulatus Thomson) —Mesoleptus defectivus Gravenhorst. Olepsiporthus Davis, Trans. Amer. Wnt. Soc., vol. 24, 1897, p. 325 (not Foerster). (New synonymy.) Genotype.—WVesolepius? rubiginosus Cresson. Neoprotarchus CUSHMAN, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 20, 1924, p. 10. (New synonymy.) Genotype.—Neoprotarchus ater Cushman. Since the publication of Veoprotarchus the National Museum has acquired a specimen of the genotype of Himertus as well as speci- mens of another North American species. Comparison of these speci- mens as well as specimens of Clepsiporthus rubiginosus (Cresson) shows no real generic differences. Even the clypeal tooth, character- istic of Meoprotarchus ater, can be considered of no more than specific significance. Clepsiporthus of Davis is not the same as Foerster’s Clepsiporthus. The genotype will not run in Foerster’s key to that genus, differing in the key characters under couplets 31 and 338, since the clypeus is distinctly transversely impressed at apex and the alar areolet is lacking. In addition to the genotype, Clepsiporthus flavidus Davis seems also to belong to Himertus. I believe that Schmiedeknecht has erred in placing Himertus in the EKuryproctina, for the petiolar foveae (glymmae) are quite as 1: a PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 distinct in defectivus as in Genarches (as represented by /acialis | Gravenhorst]), which he placed in the Mesoleiina. In fact, Zimer- tus and Genarches are very doubtfully distinct generically, the pres- ence of the alar areolet in Genarches and its absence in Himertus being the only apparent character for separating them. I fail to find on the only specimen of Genarches available to me the tooth de- scribed by Foerster as being located near the apex of the third joint of the maxillary palpus. Both Himertus and Genarches belong, in my opinion, in the Mesoleiina where they are closely related to Protarchoides Cushman. | The following key will separate the four North American species here referred to Himertus. 4). Black ‘species. 2020s ies SA ONO SS PERLE SRE AMR Ee BGS i OR 2 Rufous or ferruginous species____________________ rubiginousus (Cresson). 2. Clypeus with a sharp tooth at junction of basal and apical C2NR CEE IDI RUE TO eA NO OT AN A YC UV PS EO ater (Cushman). CLV PSUS WATMOTE St Cha a? HOO BNNs Ee IE Nis ED ea eg a 3 3. Front and middle tarsi “ reddish brown ”_________________ flavidus (Davis). Front and middle tarsi yellow_________________________ dakota, new species. HIMERTUS ATER (Cushman) (new combination) Neoprotarchus ater CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 20, 1924, p. 10, fig. 4. The type is female, not male as stated in the original description. HIMERTUS FLAVIDUS (Davis) (mew combination) Clepsiporthus flavidus Davis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, 1897, p. 326. Apparently very closely allied to dakota and perhaps identical with it. HIMERTUS DAKOTA, new species Female.—Length 12 mm.; antennae 10 mm. Structurally practically identical with ater (Cushman) except that the clypeal tooth is lacking, the malar space is slightly longer, the longitudinal groove of propodeum and first tergite are much less distinct, the inner hind calcarium is barely half as long as basitar- sus, and the postnervulus is broken distinctly above the middle. In color the same as ater except as follows: Facial spot divided medially and flanked on either side by a reddish spot; all tarsal joints except apical, front tibia entirely, middle tibia except reddish apex, and somewhat more than basal half of hind tibia pale yellow; hind tarsus somewhat fuscous at base. Type locality —Spearfish, South Dakota. Type.—Cat. No. 40448, U.S.N.M. One female taken July 26, 1924. ArT. 13 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICH NEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 15 A male from Harney Peak, South Dakota (July 22, 1924), which, because of its darker legs, I doubtfully refer to this species, has the face, lower cheeks, clypeus, mandibles, maxillary palpi, tegulae, humeral, and subalar spots and spots at origins of notauli white. The front and middle tarsi have only the base of the first joint and the third and fourth joints white, while on the hind tarsus only the fourth joint is obscurely pale at base. The white on the tibiae is also less extensive than on the type. If this is really the male of dakota, the color antigeny is very unusual. HIMERTUS RUBIGINOSUS (Cresson) (new combination) Mesolepius? rubiginosus Cresson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 372. Clepsiporthus rubiginosus Davis, Trans. Amer. Wnt. Soc, vol. 24, 1897, p. 326. Genus PROTARCHOIDES Cushman In the following new species the hind tarsi are only slightly com- pressed and the ocelli are very large, but it agrees in all the other characters by which the present genus is said to differ from Protar- chus Foerster. The following key will separate the three North American species: 1. Coxae testaceous; hind tibia and tarsus black, the tarsus strongly com- EC SSC Ghee Bad ug aaa eae ML ee ll NB Ring MN La ed cee ee ee ea 2 Coxae black; legs otherwise pale testaceous; hind tarsus weakly ieee pallipes, new species. 2. Mandibles and palpi yellow___________--_______ mandibularis Cushman. Mantigrest black:" palpi TEOGISHI NN tis RNs iy ee ee longipes Cushman. PROTARCHOIDES PALLIPES, new species Female——Length 15 mm.; antennae 16 mm. Face fully as broad as frons; ocelli very large, diameter of lateral ocellus much longer than ocell-ocular line; propodeal carinae very high and irregular, lateral abscissa of apical carina less strong but distinct; hind tibia and tarsus not conspicuously compressed; first tergite fully twice as long as broad at apex, the median carinae and the space between them strongly elevated above the general surface between the spiracles. Deep black, this color including the mandibles, clypeus, palpi, tegulae, coxae, and trochanters; pubescence black (in the other two species it is pale); antennae black at base and in apical half, the space between pale testaceous; wings deeply yellow stained, stigma reddish; legs beyond trochanters pale testaceous, base of tibiae and tarsi slightly paler. Type locality—Edmonton, Alberta. Type.—Cat. No. 40444, U.S.N.M. Two specimens taken August 23, 1926, by George Salt. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Except for slightly larger size the paratype is practically identical with the type. 5 Genus PHRUDUS Foerster The name PArudus was first used by Foerster in his Synopsis der Familien und Gattingen der Ichneumonen,’ but Foerster neither -designated a genotype nor included species in the genus, and the only description of the genus consists of the characters leading to it in his key. In 1886 Bridgman ® also described a genus Phrudus based on the single species, Phrudus monilicornis Bridgman. In 1901 Strobl® described his Ktenostilpnus with aequaearticu- latus Strobl as genotype. In 1914 Roman” brought forth his genus Vendolus, based on Vendolus stilpninus Roman. Roman?! later synonymized HKtenostilpnus and Vendolus with Phrudus Bridgman and his own Vendolus stilpninus with monilicor- nis Bridgman. Thomson, Roman, and Morley credit the genus to Bridgman, while Schmiedeknecht, Dalla Torre, and Viereck treat it as Foerster’s. That Bridgman’s genus is the same as Foerster’s there can, I think, be little doubt. In Foerster’s key to the Ctenopelmoidae mondlicornis will certainly run to Phrudus. Also, it agrees with Foerster’s un- published description of his genus, which, translated, is as follows: Antennae 20-jointed, first flagellar joint a little longer than second; clypeus distinctly separated; propodeum distinctly areolated; first tergite narrow, spiracles in middle; radius originating at middle of stigma; areolet irregular, sessile; cubitus obsolete beyond areolet; median vein in hind-wing effaced basally; nervellus not broken. Furthermore, Bridgman apparently permitted Thomson to see his species before its publication, for he credits Thomson with having suggested the name. And ‘Thomson habitually used Foerster’s names without crediting them to Foerster, simply using the latter author’s work as a convenient source of generic names. The synonymy of the genus is therefore as follows: Genus PHRUDUS (Foerster) Bridgman Phrudus Forrster, Verh. Nat. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl., vol. 25, 1868, p. 196. No species included. Phrudus BRipGMaNn, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 360. Type.—Phrudus monilicornis Bridgman. Phrudus (Bridgman) THomson, Opusc. Ent., fase. 12, 1888, p. 1258. ‘Verh. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinland., vol. 25, 1868, p. 148. 3’Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1886, p. 361. ® Mitt. Nat. Ver. Steier., Jahrgang 1900, Heft. 37, 1901, p. 256. 1 Arch. Zool., vol. 9, No. 2, 1914, p. 35. 1 Ark. Zool., vol. 17A, no. 4, 1924, p. 32. art. 13 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 17 Kienosiilpnus Stropyi, Mitth. Nat. Ver. Steiermark, Jahrg. 1900, Heft 37, 1901, p. 256. Type.—Ktenostilpnus aequaearticulatus. Strobl. Phrudus (Foerster) SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Hym. Mitteleur., 1907, p. 620. Phrudus (Bridgman) Morey, Brit. Ichn., vol. 4, 1911, p. 258. Phrudus (Foerster) SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Opusc. Ichn., fase. 32, 1912, p. 2489. Vendolus Roman, Ark. Zool., vol. 9, No. 2, 1914, p. 35. Type—Vendolus stilpninus Roman. Phrudus (Hoerster) ViEREcK, Bull. 83, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1914, p. 116. Phrudus (Bridgman) Roman, Ark. Zool., vol. 17A, No. 4, 1924, p. 32. There has been wide variance of opinion as to the systematic posi- tion of the genus. Foerster originally placed it in his family Ctenopelmoidae (‘Tribe Ctenopelmini Ashmead), while Thomson con- sidered it related to Grypocentrus Ruthe. Bridgman quoted Thom- son’s opinion and placed his description of the genus among those of other Tryphoninae. Schmiedeknecht leaves it in close proximity to Grypocentrus, though commenting on its similarity in habitus to Stilpnus and Atractodes. Strobl placed his Atenostilpnus in the Stilpnini, where Morley also considers it to belong with “no shadow of doubt.” Roman places Vendolus in the Cremastini where he considers it allied to Demo- phorus Thomson. In his later publications he reinterates his belief that this is the proper position for the genus. Phrudus is more or less anomalous wherever it is placed. It is certainly not Stilpnine for it lacks the principal recognition charac- ter of that group, that is the combined areola and petiolar area ex- tending practically to the base of the propodeum. Nor do I believe that the short abscissula is sufficient ground unsupported for rele- gating it to the Cremastini. In my opinion it is less anomalous in its original placing among the Tryphoninae than elsewhere. Phrudus has not heretofore been recorded from North Americal. The following two new species from this continent have recently come to hand. One of these lacks the areolet but is, I think, not generically distinct. PHRUDUS DAKOTA, new species Female—Length 2.6 mm. Slender with thorax compressed; that is, slightly deeper than broad. Head polished, nearly as long as broad and in side view fully as long as deep; temples slightly sloping; vertex elevated; frons strongly convex; face transversely striate-punctuate, promi- nent above, narrower than frons and fully twice as broad as long; clypeus sculptured as face, separated, three times as broad as long, apex sinuately curved; malar space much narrower than basal width of mandible; cheek fully three times as broad as malar space, strongly sloping; eyes bulging, broadly oval; antennae hardly half as long as 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 body, stout, flagellum with 13 joints, first joint distinctly longer than thick, others to sixth gradually decreasing in length, seventh to twelfth about as broad as long, apical joint elongate-ovate, more than twice as long as thick. Thorax nearly twice as long as deep; mesoscutum longer than broad, polished and sparsely punctate, notauli briefly distinct; scutellum elongate, strongly convex, polished with faint scattered punctures, mesoplurum with a broad band of oblique striation in middle, polished above and below; metapleurum rather densely punctate; propodeum polished, areola, middle lateral areas and margins of petiolar areas irregularly rugose; completely Fic. 2.—PHRUDUS DAKOTA CUSHMAN. DRAWN FROM TYP areolated, petiolar area occupying only about half median length, areola much longer than broad, areolet obliquely pentagonal; legs stout, hind femur hardly three times as long as deep. Abdomen rather narrow, nearly four times as long as broad, polished; first tergite very slender, decurved, longitudinally striate above; second nearly as long as broad at apex. Black; legs pale testaceous to stramineous, antennae testaceous in basal half, fuscous at apex; wings hyaline, venation brown. Type locality.—Spearfish, South Dakota. Type.—Cat. No. 40445, U.S.N.M. One specimen taken July 26, 1924. anv. 13 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 19 PHRUDUS EXAREALATUS, new species Distinct from dakota in the lack of the areolet and stouter body and legs. Femaie—tLength, 2 mm. Stout, thorax hardly compressed, abdomen barely three times as long as broad. Head much broader and deeper than long; temples strongly rounded; vertex moderately elevated, not narrower than frons, about twice as broad as long, more coarsely sculptured than face, apex rounded; malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible, and nearly half as long as width of cheek; eyes less bulging and more elongate than in dakota; antennae fully half as long as body, subapical joints thicker than long, apical joint less than twice as long as thick. Thorax distinctly more than half as deep as long; mesoscutum as broad as long, polished; scutellum and mesopleurum polished, without sculpture; metapleurum and propodeum indis- tinctly sculptured; petiolar area occupying more than half median length, areola slightly longer than broad with costulae in middle; legs stout, hind femur hardly three times as long as deep. Abdomen about three times as long as broad; first tergite slender, decurved, longitudinally striate above; second much broader at apex than long. Black; legs testaceous; antennae fuscous, scape, pedicel, and base of fiagellum testaceous; wings hyaline, venation brown. Type locality Cranberry Lake, New York. Type—Cat. No. 40446, U.S.N.M. One female taken by E. A. Hartley on hare! 7, 1924. PODOGASTER CACTORUM, new species In Szepligeti’s key to the species of Podogaster** this species will run to couplet 2, where it agrees with the first alternate in having the discoidal and brachial cells of equal length and with the second in its entirely hyaline wings. In Morley’s key 7° it runs to couplet 2 (5), agreeing with 2 in the first and third items and with 5 in the second. Female.—Length 12 mm.; antennae 7 mm.; ovipositor 2 mm. Head from above weakly transverse, the temples extending straight. back for most of their length, then curving sharply mesad to join the occiput; occiput deeply concave, the bounding carina developed only at top, where it is almost contiguous with the ocelli; diameter of lateral ocellus equal to ocell-ocular line; eyes convergent below, almost contiguous to clypeal foveae and to mandibles, at their lower extremity less than half as far apart as at vertex, concavely arcuate within; face densely punctate, frons sparsely so; clypeus acutely 122 Ann, Mus. Nat. Hung., vol. 4, 1906, p. 122. 18 Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., pt. 2, 1913, p. 60. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 72 pointed; antennae slender, tapering slightly toward apex, scape and pedicel of nearly equal length, scape squarely truncate at apex. Thorax largely rugose; pronotum polished above, longitudinally rugose below; mesoscutum irregularly transversely rugose, middles of three lobes granularly opaque to subopaque; scutellum irregularly rugose at sides, the median groove polished, basal fovea coarsely foveolate; postscutellum transversely carinate; mesopleurum above longitudinally striate with a large smooth speculum, below coarsely punctate, sternum more finely and sparsely punctate, sternauli short but deep; combined propodeum and metathorax subhemispherical, coarsely reticulate rugose, the propodeal neck constricted, spiracles elongate oval; wings small, discoideus and subdiscoideus of equal length and continuous, the second discoidal cell therefore pointed at base, postnervulus strongly reclivous; longitudinal veins in hind wing wanting beyond cross veins, intercubitella and cubitella forming an unbroken curve. Abdomen granularly opaque, very slender, first and second tergites equal in length and together comprising more than half total length of abdomen. Head and thorax yellow with the following black or blackish markings: spot on vertex enclosing the ocelli, occipital spot, longi- tudinal mark on each lobe of mesoscutum, basal and longitudinal grooves of scutellum, lateral areas of scutellum and postscutellum, a median and two lateral stripes on propodeum joined at base by a transverse band, and a longitudinal spot on mesopleurum; wings hyaline, venation black; front leg yellow, with femur largely stramineous; tibia below and tarsus reddish stramineous; middle legs similarly marked but the stramineous partly replaced by pice- ous; hind legs largely black, coxa except outer side and trochanter and femur at base below yellow, femur dark reddish below, calcaria yellowish. Abdomen blackish above, ferruginous laterally beyond second tergite. Male——Kssentially like female, but eyes a little less strongly convergent. Type locality.—Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina. Host—Cactoblastis cactorum. Type.—Cat. No. 40447, U.S.N.M. One of each sex reared in February, 1925, by Alan P. Dodd under his No. 106. CREMASTUS (ZALEPTOPYGUS) MORDELLISTENAE Cushman A series of specimens has been received from Charles H. Hicks, of the University of Colorado, and reared by him under his numbers 383 and 567 from a species of Mordellistena. The females show that the type is not normally colored, apparently stained. In the normal female all the markings of the head, the mandibles, and the ART. 13 DESCRIPTIONS OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 21 tegulae are yellow rather than piceous. The hind coxae vary from entirely black to largely reddish piceous, while the abdomen beyond the second tergite is normally largely and sometimes almost entirely reddish. Genus CEHRATOGASTRA Ashmead Ceratosoma CRESSON, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 4, 1865, p. 281. Ceratogasira ASHMBAD, Can. Ent., vol. 32, 1900, p. 368. Ceratiogaster DALLA Torre, Cat. Hym., 1901-1902, p. 62. In addition to the two species originally assigned to Ceratosoma, the following species have since been referred to the genus under one or another of the three names: ([Haetastes| Ceratosoma. rufa [Provancher])=Dyspetes rufus (Pro- vaneher). (New combination. ) A homotype (by Gahan) of this species is in the National Collec- tion and is the basis for its transfer to Dyspetes. The occiput is not medially impressed as in the genotype, the impression being represented only by a median angulation of the occipital carina; and the scutellar and propodeal carinae are stronger than in the geno- type; but I see no good reason for not referring it to Dyspetes. (Ceratosoma rubyata Davis) =Ceratogastra ornata (Say). As pointed out by Cushman and Gahan, the type of rubyata is a cyanide-stained specimen of Say’s species. (Agathis ornata Say) =Ceratogastra ornata (Say). (Agathis polita Say)=Ceratogastra polita (Say). Say’s two species were transferred to the present genus by Cush- man and Gahan, who also synonymized the genotype /asciata (Cresson) with ornata. This leaves three species in the genus: ornata (Say), polita (Say), and apicalis (Cresson), to which is now added the following new species. The four may be distinguished by the following key: 1. Only the basal two tergites yellow at apex____________________ polita (Say). At least the first three tergites yellow at apex_________________ 2 2. Head behind eyes barely as broad as eyes; wings strongly infumate at apex; ouly first three tergites yellow at apex_______ trifasciata, new species. Head behind eyes broader than eyes; wings not distinctly infumate at apex; all tergites apically yellow_________________ SOURS AML a AARC 3 By, IDOIONP \yvab ORAS) By OA NM ve Tones M bay suas ee ie I apicalis (Cresson). Front wings uniformly deeply yellowish ______________________ ornata (Say). CERATOGASTRA TRIFASCIATA, new species Female—Length 14 mm.; antennae 8 mm. Temples barely as broad as eyes; face and frons of equal width; eye nearly one-fifth longer than width of face; clypeus coarsely 144 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 23, 1921, p. 154. 29 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 72 and rather densely punctate; malar space distinctly less than half as long as basal width of mandible; antennae more than half as long as body, subapical joints only very slightly broader than long. Teeth of claws larger than usually, front and middle claws with three, hind claws with two teeth. Abdomen strongly attenuate from apex of third tergite, first three tergites comprising less than half total length of abdomen, tergites 5-7 hardly telescoped; oblique furrows of second tergite reaching base but not meeting, their extended angle acute; first tergite distinctly longer than broad. Black, with the following markings yellow: Face, clypeus, mandi- bles, scape below, frontal and posterior orbits (the latter not con- fluent across vertex but stopping at top of eyes), anterior lateral margins of mesoscutum, scutellum and a small spot on each side in front, postscutellum and a small spot on each side, tegulae, humeral angles of pronotum, subalar tubercle, streak along prepectal carina, a bread band covering apices of propodeum and metapleura, and a broad apical band on each of the first three tergites; flagellum en- tirely black; coxae black; trochanters yellow, the basal joints more or less testaceous; front and middle femora testaceous, more or less yellow in front toward apex; hind femur nearly black piceous; front and middle tibiae and all tarsi yellow; hind tibia yellow at base, blackish at apex; wings deeply stained with yellowish, broad apices and median cell infumate; median, basal and discoidal veins blackish, other veins paler, stigma pale testaceous. Type locality.—Forest Hills, Massachusetts. Type.—Cat. No, 40448, U.S.N.M. One female captured October 3, 1924, by George Salt. O) } FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION By Frerpinanp Canu Of Versailles, France AND Ray S. BassueR Of Washington, D. C. The extensive dredgings of the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross in the Gulf of Mexico and adjoining waters, now preserved in the United States National Museum, were consulted from time to time by the authors of the present work during their investigations of North American Tertiary bryozoa with the result that a considerable number of observations upon the Gulf bryozoa had accumulated at the conclusion of these studies. This fact, in ‘conjunction with the interest in the Gulf of Mexico faunas in genera] and the comparatively small amount of published work upon their bryozoa, afforded the reasons for the present paper. In addition, a collection of fossil bryozoa from Bocas Island, Panama, submitted to us for report by the United States Geological Survey, contained so many forms identical with recent Gulf species that their study was incorporated. The classic work of Smitt! on Floridan bryozoa collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales during the expeditions of the United States Coast Survey in 1867-1869 in the deeper waters of the Florida region remained practically the only publication until 1914, when Osburn’s ‘“‘ Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida,”’” dealing with the shallow water faunas, appeared. 1§mitt, A. F.,1872-73, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, pt. 1, 1872, in vol. 10, No. 11, pp. 1-20, pls. 1-4; pt. 2, 1873, in vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 1-83, pls. 1-18. Stockholm. 2Osburn, R.C., 1914. The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Pub. No. 182, Carnegie Institu- tion of Washington, pp. 181-222. No. 2710.—PROcEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 72, ART. 14 58513—27——1 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 « Previous to Smitt’s work Pourtales® listed and described as new seven species of bryozoa two of which have been found to be syno- nyms. Levinsen, in his ‘ Morphologic and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa”’ (1909), records six species from the Florida and West Indian region, two of them new. Since Osburn’s paper in 1914 no important work upon the recent bryozoa of the Gulf has been issued, but with the publication of our work* on the Harly Tertiary and Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains of the United States containing numerous fossil faunas of Gulf origin the study of the recent bryozoa from this region assumes new interest. More than 40 stations of the Albatross explorations of 1883-1888 have been found to contain bryozoa, some of them in great richness. Most of these stations are located in the Gulf of Mexico, including the Florida Straits and the Straits of Yucatan, although two (D. 2117, D. 2136) from the Caribbean Sea and two (D. 2672, D. 2415) east of Georgia and Florida have been included. Few species occurred at these four stations so that the larger faunas have all been derived from the Gulf of Mexico. We also have been able to include studies on faunas from the vicinity of Miami, Fla., collected by the late John B. Henderson. For convenience of reference, the Gulf Stations can be classitied as follows: D. 2354, 2362, 2363, 2365, Straits of Yucatan; D. 2152-2343, Gulf of Mexico, north of Habana, Cuba; Fowey Light and D. 2639, 2640, 2647, Straits of Florida; D. 2411, 2413, 2414, 2404, 2405, 2407, 2373, 2387-2392, Cedar Keys, Egmont Key, and Tortugas, Gulf off west coast of Florida. As in the past, we are under obligations to Mr. F. Julius Fohs, of New York City, who has shown his appreciation of our studies on microorganisms by generous financial assistance in the preparation of this paper. The bryozoa described by Smitt and by Osburn are cited in the following two lists while those noted in the present paper are given on succeeding pages. Species in the first two lists marked with an asterisk are discussed in this work. The plate and figures cited in the first list refer to Smitt’s work while the depth is registered under Osburn’s list. SMITT, FLORIDAN BRYOZOA, 1872 *Crisia denticulata (pl. 1, figs. 1-5). Figure 5=C. ramosa Harmer. *Diastopora repens (pl. 1, fig. 6)=Plagioecia. *Idmonea ailantica (pl 2, figs. 7, 8). *Tdmonea serpens? (pl. 2, figs. 9, 10). §Pourtales, L, F. de, 1867. Contributions to the fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. 1, No.6. (Bryozoa on pp. 106 and 110.) 4 Bulletins 106 and 125, United States National Museum. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 3 *Crisia hochstetieriana (pl. 2, figs. 11-18) =Crisina canariensis. *Tdmonea milneana (pl. 8, figs. 14-19) =Diaperoecia radicaia. Filisparsa pourtalesi (pl. 3, figs. 20-22)=Tervia. *Hornera galeata (pl. 4, figs. 23-25). *EHntalophora proboscideotdes (pl. 3, figs. 26, 27). *Hntalophora deflexa (pl. 4, figs. 28-30) = Mecynoecia. Discoporella clypeiformis (pl. 3, fig. 3)=Lichenopora. Cellularia pusilla (pl. 4, figs. 32-34) =Scrupocellaria. Cellularia cornigera (pl. 4, figs. 35-38) =Scrupocellaria. Cellularia cervicornis (pl. 4, figs. 39-42) =Scrupocellaria. *Caberea retiformis (pl. 4, figs. 43-46) =Scrupocellaria. *Halophila johnstoniae (pl. 4, fig. 47). Bugula flabellata Gray (pl. 4, figs. 48-52). SMITT, FLORIDAN BRYOZOA, 1873 *Nellia oculata (pl. 1, figs. 53, 54). Farcimia cereus (pl. 1, figs. 55, 56). *Cellaria tenuirostris (pl. 1, figs. 57-59)=Cellaria nodosa. *Vincularta abyssicola (pl. 1, figs. 60, 61) =Velumella americana (fig. 60) and Rectonychocella abyssicola (fig. 61). Membranipora lineata (pl. 2, fig. 62) = Callopora. * Membranipora irregularis (pl. 2, fig. 63) =Alderina. Membranipora sigillata (pl. 2, figs. 64-68). * Membranipora canariensis (pl. 2, figs. 69-71) = Cupuladria. * Mollia patellaria (pl. 2, fig. 72). * Mollia antiqua (pl. 3, fig. 73)=Floridina. * Micropora coriacea (pl. 3, fig. 74). *Cupularia umbellata (pl. 3, figs. 75-80). *Cupularia doma (pl. 3, figs. 81-84). Biflusira lacrotxii (pl. 4, figs. 85-88) =Callopora filum. *Bijflustra denticulata (pl. 4, figs. 89-91) =Hemiseptella. *Biflustra savartii (pl. 4, figs. 92-95) =Acanthodesia. *Steginoporella elegans (pl. 4, figs. 96-101) =Steganoporella magnilabris. Steginoporella rozieria (pl. 4, fig. 102) =Thalamoporella. Membraniporella agassiziz (pl. 5, figs. 103-106). *Cribrilina radiata (pl. 5, figs. 107, 108) = Puellina. *Cribrilina innominaia (pl. 5, figs. 109, 110) =Puellina. *Cribrilina figularis var. floridana (pl. 5, figs. 111, 112)=Puellina floridana. Escharipora? mucronata (pl. 5, figs. 113-115) = Tremogasterina. *Porina serrulata (pi. 5, figs. 116-125) =Cigclisula. Porina violacea=Adeona. *Porina plagiopora (pl. 6, figs. 184, 135) = Adeona. *Porellina ciliaia (pl. 6, figs. 126-129) = Microporella. Escharipora siellaia (pl. 6, figs. 180-133) =Triporula. *Porina subsulcata (pl. 6, figs. 136-140) = Bracebridgia. Anarthropora minuscula (pl. 6, fig. 141). *Hippothoa? fenestrata (pl. 6, fig. 142) =Stenopsis. *Tessaradoma boreale (pl. 6, figs. 148-145). *Mamillopora cupula (pl. 7, figs. 146, 147). Myriozoum ovum (pl. 7, figs. 148-151). *Gemellipora eburnea (pl. 7, figs. 152-156=Pasythea. *Gemellipora lata (pl. 7, fig. 157)=Tremoschizodina. *Hippothoa porosa (pl. 7, fig. 158)=Mastigophora. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 *Hippothoa pesanseris (pl. 7, figs. 159, 160)=Mastigophora. *Hippothoa spongites (pl. 8, figs. 161-163)=Stylopoma. Escharella sanguinea (pl. 8, figs. 164, 165)=Schizobrachiella. *Hippothoa pertusa isabelleana (pl. 8, figs. 166-168) =Schizopodrella. Hippothoa mucronata (pl. 8, fig. 169)=Lacerna. Cellepora verruculata (pl. 8, figs. 170-172). Hippothoa biaperta (pl. 8, figs. 173-176) =Schizopodrella (Seepniitecallay. *Gemellipora eburnea (pl. 9, fig. 178)=Hippothoa. *Hippothoa divergens (pl. 9, fig. 179) =Buffonellaria. Hippothoa divergens var. lata (pl. 9, fig. 177)=Buffonellaria lata. Cellepora tuberosa (pl. 9, fig. 180). Cellepora gigas (pl. 9, figs. 181, 183-185). Discopora pertusa (pl. 9, fig. 182 and pl. 11, figs. 240, 241)—Holoporella. Cellepora coronata (pl. 9, fig. 186). Cellepora margaritacea (pl. 9, figs. 187-192). *Cellepora avicularis (pl. 9, figs. 193-198)=Schismopora dichotoma. Escharella jacotini (pl. 10, fig. 199.)=Smittina trispinosa. *Hscharella jacotint var. spathulata (pl. 10, fig. 200)=Smittina. Escharella landsborovizt (pl. 10, figs. 201, 202)=—Smittina? *Hscharella (depressa) rostrigera (pl. 10, figs. 203—205)=Hippaliosina rOs- trigera. *Hscharella (depressa) setigera (pl. 10, fig. 206)=Crepidacantha setigera. *Gemellipora striatula (pl. 11, fig. 207)=Trypostega venusta. *Gemellipora glabra (pl. 11, figs. 208-210). Escharella audouinw (pl. 11, fig. 211)=Lepralia. *Gemellipora limbata (pl. 11, figs. 212-214). Lepralia inornata (pl. 11, figs. 215, 216)=Trypostega. *Lepralia cleidostoma (pl. 11, figs. 217—219)=Hippoporina. *Lepralia edax (forma typica and calcarea) (pl. 11, figs. 220-223)=Hippo- poridra edax and H. calcarea. *Lepralia edax janthina (pl. 11, figs. 224-225)= Hippotrema. *Lepralia turrita (pl. 11, figs. 226-228)=Holoporella. *Hscharella bisinuata (pl. 12, fig. 229)=Petraliella. Eschara cervicornis (pl. 12, figs. 230-231) = Marguetta or Bryocryptella. Discopora advena (pl. 12, fig. 232)=Cellepora. *Discopora albirostris (pl. 12, figs. 3834-339)=Holoporella. Discopora albirostris pusilla (pl. 12, fig. 233)= Holoporella pusilla. *Retepora (beaniana) reticulata (pl. 13, figs. 242-244) see raed *Retepora (cellulosa) marsupiata (pl. 18, figs. 245-254). OSBURN, TORTUGAS ISLANDS, 1914 Pedicellina cernua Pallas (10 fms.). Barentsia discreta Busk, 1886 (18 fms.). *Crisia denticulata Lamarck, 1816 (10-15 fms.). Lichenopora hispida Fleming, 1829 (2 fms.). *A eiea truncata Landsborough, 1852 (5 fms.). *A etea sica Couch, 1844 (10 fms.). Bugula neritina Linnaeus, 1758 (shallow water). Bugula neritina minima Waters, 1909 (8 fms.). Bugula flabellata Gray, 1847 (12 fms.). Bugula microoecia Osburn, 1914 (18 fms.). *Bugula caraibica Levinsen, 1909 (shallow water). Bugula armata Verrill, 1900 (8-10 fms.). 4nt.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 5 Beania mirabilis Johnston, 1847 (18 fms.). Beania intermedia Hincks, 1881 (5-15 fms.). Beania cupulariensis Osburn, 1914 (10-22 fms.). *Synnotum aviculare Pieper, 1881 (8-10 fms.) = Bugula avicularia. *Nellia oculata Busk, 1852 (10-18 fms.). Scrupocellaria cornigera Pourtales, 1867 (10-15 fms.). Scrupocellaria cervicornis Busk, 1852 (0-18 fms.). Canda caraibica Levinsen, 1909 (15 fms.). *Canda retiformis Pourtales, 1867 =Scrupocellaria. *M embranipora membranacea Linnaeus, 1766 (shallow water) = Nitscheina. ?’Membranipora lacroizit Audouin, 1826 (8 fms.). : *Membranipora tehuelcha D’Orbigny, 1839 (on gulf weed) =WNitscheina tuberculata. *Membranipora irregularis D’Orbigny, 1839 (8-22 fms.) = Alderina. * Membranipora savarti Audouin, 1826 (10 fms.) =Acanthodesia savartit. *Cupularia guiniensis Busk, 1854 (10 fms.) =Cupuladria canariensis. *Cupularia lowei Busk, 1854 (12-22 fms.) =Cupularia umbellata. *Cribrilina floridana Smitt, 1873 (5-15 fms.)=Puellina. Arachnopusia monoceros Busk, 1854 (5 fms.). *Smititpora abyssicola Smitt, 1873 (15 fms.) =Velumella americana *Steganoporella magnilabris Busk 1854 (15 fms.). » Steganoporella connexa Harmer, 1900 (12 fms.). Thalamoporeila roziertt Audouin, 1826 (10 fms.). Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, 1909 (in drift). Thaiamoporella falcifera Hincks, 1880 (shallow water). Savignyella lafontit Audouin, 1826 (0-10 fms.). Hippothoa distans MacGillivray, 1868 (0-12 fms.). *Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864 (5-15 fms.). * A deona violacea Johnston, 1874 (5-18 fms.) =Adeona plagiopora. *Bracebridgia subsulcata Smitt, 1873 (10-12 fms.). *Retepora marsupiata Smitt, 1873 (10-18 fms.). Rhynchozoon tuberculatum Osburn, 1914 (18 fms.). Rhynchozoon solidum Osburn, 1914 (8 fms.). Arborella dichotoma Osburn, 1914 (10 fms.)= Pollaploecium. *T'ubucellaria cereoides Solander, 1756 (15 fms.). Escharella costifera Osburn, 1914 (2 fms.) =Peristomella. Schizoporella biaperta Michelin, 1842 (0-22 fms.)=Schizopodrella (Stephanosella). *Schizoporella floridana Osburn, 1914 (15-18 fms.) =Schizopodrella. Schizoporella sanguinea Norman, 1868 (15 fms.)=Schizobrachiella. Schizoporella unicornis Johnston, 1847 (1-10 fms.) =Schizopodrella. *Schizoporella spongites Pallas, 1766 (0-18 fms.) =Stylopoma. *Hscharina pesanseris Smitt, 1873 (8 fms.) = Mastigophora. * Microporella ciliata Pallas, 1766 (5-18 fms.). *Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838 (0-12 fms.). Lepralia audouinii D’Orbigny, 1852 (0-10 fms.). *Lepralia porcellana Busk, 1860 (5-15 fms.)=Hippoporina cleidostoma. Lepralia uvulifera Osburn, 1914 (10 fms.). Lepralia cucullata Busk, 1854 (near surface)=Watersipora. *Lepralia restrigera Smitt, 1873 (10-15 fms.)= Hippaliosina. Lepralia contracta Waters var. serrata Osburn, 1914 (5-18 fms.). *Lepralia edax Busk, 1859 (18 fms.)=Hippoporidra calcarea. *Lepralia janthina Smitt, 1873 (6 fms.)= Hippotrema. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 72 Phylactella labrosa Busk, 1854 (22 fms.). Phylaciella collaris Norman, var. aviculifera Osburn, 1914 (1-15 fms.). *Cellepora dichotoma Hincks, 1862 (10 fms)=Schismopora. Cellepora verruculata Smitt, 1872 (0-15 fms.). Lagentpora ignota Norman, 1909 (12 fms.)=Costazzia. *Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1873 (0-15 fms.). Holoporella pusilla Smitt, 1873 (low tide). *Holoporella magnifica Osburn, 1914 (10 fms.). *Holoporella turrita Smitt, 1873 (12-15 fms.). *Petralia bisinuata Smitt, 1873 (10-18 fms.)=Petraliella. Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855 (shallow). Zooboiryon pellucidum Ehrenberg, 1831 (shallow). Cylindroecium gigantewm Busk, 1865 (O-several fms.). Anguineila palmata Van Beneden, 1844 (shallow). Amathia goodei Verrill, 1901 (shallow). D. 2004. Atlantic Ocean, east of Cape Hatteras; 37° 19’ 45’’ N.; 74° 26’ 06”’ W.; 102 fms.; green mud, shells; March 23, 1883: Cellaria sinuosa Hassall, 1842. D. 2117. Caribbean Sea; 15° 24’ 40’’ N.; 63° 31’ 30’’ W.; 683 fms.; yellow mud, fine sand; bottom temp. 39.7°; January 17, 1884: Levinsenella brasiliensis Busk, 1884. Retepora marsupiata Smitt, 1873. Tessaradoma gracile Sars, 1850, var. D. 2186. Caribbean Sea; 17° 43’ 40’’ N.; 75° 38’ 25’’ W.; 52 fms.; coral, broken shells; February 29, 1884: Quadricellaria caraibica, new species. Tremogasterina malleolus, new species. D. 2152. 2.5 miles nw. of Habana Light; 387 fms.; coral; bottom temp. 49°; April 30, 1884: Cribrilina lineata, new species. Gemeilipora (?) limbata Smitt, 1873. Microporella ampla, new species. Rectonychocella abyssicola Smitt, 1873. Tremoschizodina lata Smitt, 1878. D. 2157. Gulf of Mexico, off Habana; 23° 10’ 04’’ N.; 82° 21’ 07’’ W.; 29 fms.; April 30, 1884: Gemelliporidra magniporosa Canu and Bassler, 1923. D. 2160. Off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 31’’ N.; 82° 20’ 37’ W.; 167 fms.; coral; April 30, 1884: Dacryonella typica, new species. Holoporella tubulosa, new species. : D. 2167. Off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’’ W.; 201 fms.; coral; May 1, 1884: Antropora pustulata, new species. Buffonellaria divergens Smitt, 1873. Callopora curvirostris Hincks, 1861. Crepidacantha longiseta, new species. Figularia (?) ampla, new species. Gemelliporidra typica Canu and Bassler, 1927. Hincksina pertporosa, new species. Hippoporina cleidostoma Smitt, 1873. Marssonopora uncifera, new species. Membraniporella petasus, new species. Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER € D. 2319. North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral; January 17, 1885: Adeona plagiopora Smitt, 1873. Alderina irregularis Smitt, 1873. Callopora caudata, new species. Callopora curvirostris Hincks, 1861. Dacryonella typica, new species, Diplosolen obelium Johnston, 1848. Gemelliporidra typica Canu and Bassler, 1927. Gephyrotes spinosum, new species. Hincksina periporosa, new species. Hippaliosina restrigera Smitt, 1873. Holoporella turrita Smitt, 1878. Holoporella tubulosa, new species. Hornera galeata Smitt, 1872. Lagenipora verrucosa, new species. Lichenopora radiata Auduoin, 1826. Marssonopora uncifera, new species. Mastigophora pesanseris Smitt, 1873, Membraniporella petasus, new species. Membrendoecium strictorosiris, new species. Proboscina robusta, new species. Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. Tremogasterina lanceolata, new species. Velumella americana, new species. Fowey Light, Atlantic, 15 mi. s. Miami, Fla.; 40 fms.; collected by J. B. Hen- derson, November, 1914: Adeona plagiopora Smitt, 1873. Bracebridgia subsulcata Smitt, 1873. Cigclisula serrulata Smitt, 1873. Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1852. Exechonella pumicosa, new species. Floridina antiqua, Smitt, 1873. Floridinella typica, new species. Gemellipora glabra Smitt, 1873. Hippoporina cleidostoma Smitt, 1873. Hippoporidra calcarea Smitt, 1873. Hippodiplosia aculeata, new species. Holoporella turrita Smitt, 1873. Holoporella vagans Busk, 1885. Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1873. Mastigophora pesanseris Smitt, 1873. Mastigophora porosa Smitt, 1873. Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. Puellina radiata Moll, 1803. Schismopora dichotoma Hincks, 1864. Siphonoporella granulosa, new species. Smitiina trispinosa spathulata Smitt, 1873. Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. Tremogasterina granulata, new species. Tremoschizodina lata Smitt, 1873. Tubucellaria cereoides Ellis and Solander, 1786 Velumella americana, new species. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 D. 2169. Off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 28’’ N.; 82° 20’ 27’’ W.; 78 fms.; coral; May 1, 1884: Acanthocella clypeata, new species. Aplousina tuberosa, new species. Crepidacantha longiseta, new species. Gemelliporidra magniporosa Canu and Bassler, 1923. Puellina radiata Moll, 1803. D. 2817. North of Cuba; 24° 25’ 45’. N.; 81° 46’ 45’’ W.; 45 fms.; coral; 75° bottom temp.; June 15, 1885: Aplousina tuberosa, new species. Crista denticulata Lamarck, 1812. Hippothoa eburnea Smitt, 1873. D. 2820. North of Cuba; 23° 10’39’’ N.; 82° 18’ 48’’ W.; 1380 fms.; fine coral; January 17, 1885: Buffonellaria divergens Smitt, 1873. Dacryonella typica, new species. Gemellipora (?) limbata Smitt, 1878. Hippotrema janthina Smitt, 1873. Lagenipora verrucosa, new species. Lichenopora buski Harmer, 1915. Puellina innominata Couch, 1844. Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. Tremogasterina lanceolata, new species. D. 2321. North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; 82° 18’ 00’’ W.; 230 fms.; fine gray sand; January 17, 1885: Antropora pustulata, new species. Diplosolen obelium Johnston, 1848. D. 2822. North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; 82°17’ 45’’ W.; 115 fms.; coral; Jan- uary 17, 1885: Gemelliporella asper Canu and Bassler, 1923. Velumella americana, new species. D. 2824. North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 25’’ N.; 82° 20’ 24’’ W.; 33 fms.; coral; bot- tom temp. 79.1°; January 17, 1885: Adeona plagiopora Smitt, 1873. Lagenipora verrucosa, new species. Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. D. 2327. North of Cuba; 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; 82° 17’ 54’’ W.; 182 fms.; fine brown sand; January 17, 1885: Steganoperella magnilabris Busk, 1854. D, 2880. North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 48” N.; 82° 19’ 15’” W.; 121 fms.; fine gray coral; January 17, 1885: ; Gemelliporidra typica Canu and Bassler, 1927. D. 2881. North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 31” N.; 82° 19’ 55” W.; 114 fms.; coral; Janu- ary 17, 1885: Pasythea eburnea Smitt, 1873. D. 2384. North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 42” N.; 82° 18’ 24” W.; 67fms.; white coral; January 19, 1885: Crepidacantha longiseta, new species. Lichenopora radiata Audouin, 1826. Tryposiega venusta Norman, 1864. D. 2389. North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 40” N.; 82° 20’ 15” W.; 191 fms: Smittina labellum, new species. arr.14. FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 9 D. 2348. North of Cuba; 23° 11’ 35” N.; 82° 19’ 25” W.; 279 fms.; fine coral; January 19, 1885: Bryocryptella reticulata, new species. D. 2354. East of Yucatan; 20° 59’ 30” N.; 86° 23’ 45” W.; 180 fms.; coral; Jan- uary 22, 1885: Dendrobeania lamellosa, new species. Reteporella prominens, new species. D. 2362. East of Yucatan; 22° 08’ 30” N.; 86° 53’ 30” W.; 25fms.; coarse sand; January 30, 1885: Gemelliporidra magniporosa Canu and Bassler, 1923. Hippothoa eburnea Smitt, 1873. Hippodiplosia pertusa Esper, 1794. Holoporella subalba, new species. Petraliella bisinuata Smitt, 1873. Smiitina trispinosa spathulata Smitt, 1873. D. 2368. Kast of Yucatan; 22° 07’ 30” N.; 87° 06’ 00” W.; 21 fms.; coral; Jan- uary 30, 1885: Hippoporidra edax Busk, 1859. Holoporella magnifica Osburn, 1914. Holoporella subalba, new species. Metrarabdotos unguiculatum, new species. Peiraliella bisinuata Smitt, 18738. Schizopodrella floridana Osburn, 1914. D. 2365. East of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00” N.; 87° 04’ 00” W.; 24fms.; coral; Jan uary 30, 1885: Aplousina tuberosa, new species. Callopora tenuirostris Hincks, 1880. Hippoporina cleidostoma Smitt, 1873. Holoporella subalba, new species. Holoporella turrita Smitt, 1873. Schizopodrella falcifera, new species. Smiitina trispinosa spathulata Smitt, 1873. Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. D. 2366. Gulf of Mexico, off Yucatan; 43 fms.; fine white coral; January 30, 1885: Petraliella marginata, new species. D. 2378. Gulf of Mexico, northern part; 29° 14’ 00’’ N.; 85° 29’ 15’” W.; 25 fms.> coral; February 7, 1885: Acanthocella clypeata, new species. D, 2387.5 Gulf of Mexico, northern part; 29° 24’ 00’’ N.; 88° 04’ 00’’ W.; 32 fms; sand, gravel, broken shells; March 4, 1885: Cystisella americana, new species. Hippoporidra calcarea Smitt 1873. D. 2388. Gulf of Mexico, northern part; 29° 24’ 30’’ N.; 88° 01’ 00’’ W.; 35 fms.; yellow sand, black specks; March 4, 1885: Cellaria nodosa, new name. D. 2389. Gulf of Mexico, northern part; 29° 28’ 00’’ N.; 87° 56’ 00”’ W.; 27 fms.; gray sand, broken shells; March 4, 1885: Acanthodesia savarti Savigny-Audouin, 1826. Mucronella egyptiaca Waters, 1909. 5Studies of material from stations D. 2387, D. 2388, and D. 2389 discovered since the completion of this work show the presence of many more species than those here listed. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 72 D. 2392. Gulf of Mexico, northern part; 28° 47’ 30’’ N.; 87° 27’ 00’’ W.; 724 fms.; brown gray mud, bottom temp. 40.7°; March 13, 1885: Bugula avicularia Linnaeus, 1758. Semihaswellia sinuosa, new species. D. 2404. Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida; 28° 44’ 00’’ N.; 85° 38’ 25’ W.; 60 fms.; gray sand; March 15, 1885: Tremogasterina malleolus, new species. D. 2407. Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida; 28° 47’ 30’’ N.; 84° 37’ 00’ W.; 24 fms.; coral, broken shells; March 15, 1885: Nellia oculata Busk, 1852. D. 2411. Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida; 26° 33’ 30’’ N.; 83° 15’ 30’” W.; 27 fms.; fine white sand, black specks; March 18, 1885: Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1873. Retepora marsupiata Smitt, 1872. D. 2405. Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida; 28° 45’ N.; 85°02’ W.; 30 fms; gray sand; March 15, 1885: Adeona plagiopora Smitt, 1873. Aetea truncata Landsborough, 1852. Acanthodesia savartt Savigny-Audouin, 1826. Alderina irregularis Smitt, 1873. Aplousina gigantea Canu and Bassler, 1927. A plousina tuberosa, new species. Bracebridgia subsulcata Smitt, 1873. Buffonellaria reticulata, new species. Callopora tenuirostris Hincks, 1880. Canda retiformis Pourtales, 1867. Cauloramphus opertus, new species. Chaperia galeata Busk, 1852. Crisia denticulata Lamarck, 1812. Crisia elongata Milne Edwards, 1838. Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1852. Diaperoecia radicata Kirkpatrick, 1888. Domopora floridina, new species. Fenesirulina malusi Savigny-Audouin, 1826. Floridina antiqua Smitt, 1873. Gemellipora glabra Smitt, 1873. Halophila johnstoniae Gray, 1843. Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1873. Hincksina pertporosa, new species. Hippomenella rubra, new species. Hippoporina cleidostoma Smitt, 1873. Hippothoa eburnea Smitt, 1873. Holoporelia albirostris Smitt, 1873. Holoporella magnifica Osburn, 1914. Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1873. Mastigophora porosa Smitt, 1873. Mecynoecia deflexa Smitt, 1873. Metrarabdotos unguiculatum, new species. Micropora coriacea Esper, 1791. Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. Mollia patellaria Smitt, 1873. Nellia oculata Busk, 1852. Petraliella marginata, new species. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 11 Puellina floridana Smitt, 1873. Puellina innominata, Couch, 1844. Schizopodrella incrassata, new species. Siphonoporella dumonti, new species. Siphonoporelia granulosa, new species. Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. Stenopsis fenestrata Smitt, 1873. Siylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. Tremoschizodina lata Smitt, 1873. Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864. Vellumella americana, new species. D. 2413. Gulf of Mexico, southwest of Florida; 26° 00’ 00’’ N.; 82° 57’ 30’’ W.; 24 fms.; fine sand, black specks; broken shells; March 19, 1885: Bugula (Stirparia) caraibica Levinsen, 1909. D. 2414. Gulf of Mexico, southwest of Florida; 25° 04’ 30’’ N.; 82° 59’ 15t? Wes 26 fms.; fine white sand, broken shells; March 19, 1885: Petraliella bisinuata Smitt, 1873. Petraliella marginata, new species. D. 2415. Atlantic, east of Florida; 30° 44’ 00’’ N.; 79° 26’ 00’ W.; 440 fms.: Holoporella tubulosa, new species. D. 2619. Western Atlantic; 33° 38’ N.; 77° 36’ W.; 15 fms.; coarse yellow sand and broken shells; October 20, 1885: Hemiseptella hexagonalis, new species. D. 2640. Straits of Florida; 25° 05’ 00’’ N.; 80° 15’ 00’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand; April 9, 1886: Hippoporidra calcarea Smitt, 1878. D. 2647. Straits of Florida; 25° 48’ 00’’ N.; 80° 04’ 00’’ W.; 85fms.; gray sand, foraminifera; April 9, 1886: Nitischeina tuberculata Bose, 1802. D. 2650. Bahama Islands; 23° 34’ 30’ N.; 76° 34’ 00’’ W.; 369 fms.; coarse white sand; bottom temp. 57.8°; April 12, 1886: Palmicellaria aviculifera, new species. Puellina radiata Moll, 1803. D. 2672. Atlantic, east of Georgia; 31° 31’ N.; 79° 5’ W.; 277fms.; coarse brown sand; bottom temp. 54.3°; May 5, 1886: Aetea sica Couch, 1844. Hippothoa eburnea Smitt, 1872. Puellina innominata Couch, 1844. Tremogasterina veniricosa, new species. D. 2639. Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coarse sand; April 9, 1886: Adeona plagiopora Smitt, 1873. Alderina irregularis Smitt, 1873. Aplousina gigantea Canu and Bassler, 1927. Aplousina tuberosa, new species. Callopora pumicosa, new species. Callopora tenutrostris Hincks, 1880. Canda retiformis Pourtales, 1867. Cigclisula serrulata Smitt, 1873. Crepidacantha setigera Smitt, 1873. Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1852. Cupularia doma D’Orbigny, 1852. Diaperoecia radicata Kirkpatrick, 1888. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Floridina antiqua Smitt, 2873. Floridinella parvula, new species. Floridinella typica, new species. Gemellipora glabra Smitt, 1873. Gephyrotes spinosum, new species. Hincksina periporosa, new species. Hippoporina cleidostoma Smitt, 1873. Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1878. Holoporeila vagans Busk, 1885. Lagenipora verrucosa, new species. Lepralia palliolata, new species. Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1873. Mastigophora pesanseris Smitt, 1873. Mastigophora porosa Smitt, 1873. Mecynoecia deflexa Smitt, 1872. Metrarabdotos unguiculatum, new species. Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. Micropora coriacea Usper, 1891. Oncousoecia arcuata, hew species. Peristomoecia floridana, new species. Plagioecia dispar, new species. Puellina innominata, Couch, 1844. Schismopora dichotoma Hincks, 1864. Schizopodrella incrassata, new species. Stiphonoporella granulosa, new species. Smiitina irispinosa spathulata Smitt, 1873. Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. Tremogasterina granulata, new species. Tremoschizodina lata Smitt, 1873. Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864. D. 2662. Western Atlantic; 29° 24’ 30’’ N.; 79° 43’ W.; 434 fms.; gray sand and broken shells; March 4, 1886: Cellepora minutiporosa, new species. D. 2782. Off Chili, South America; 51° 12’ 00’’ S.; 74° 13’ 80’’ W.; 258 fms.; bottom temp. 47.9°; February 6, 1888: Nitscheina membranacea Linnaeus, 1766. Cedar Keys, West Coast of Florida (Levy County): Hippadenella floridana, new species. Rhamphostomella magnirostris, new species. Umbonula undulata, new species. Egmont Key, Florida, at entrance to Tampa Bay: Crisulipora orientalis, new species. Diaperoecia radicata Kirkpatrick, 1888. Mecynoecia deflexa Smitt, 1872. PLIOCENE BRYOZOA OF PANAMA The great antiquity of the Gulf fauna is exemplified in the fossil bryozoa from Bocas Island, Panama, the study of which is incorpo- rated in the present work. This collection, originally submitted to us for age determination, proved upon detailed study to contain so many recent species that we pronounced these fossils as Pleistocene. We art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 1:3 are informed by the collector, A. A. Olsson, that the rocks yielding the collection are all involved in the folding and structure of Bocas Island and that they can not be younger than Pliocene. It is, there- fore, possible that in spite of their very recent aspect these fossils may be of still greater age than Pliocene. The list of this fauna fol- lows, species still living in the Gulf of Mexico being marked with an asterisk. PLIOCENE; MINNITIMMI CREEK, BOCAS ISLAND, ALMIRANTE BAY, PANAMA *Aetea truncata Lansborough, 1852. *Alderina irregularts Smitt, 1873. Alderina pyriformis, new species. *Callopora curvirostris Hincks, 1861. *Cellaria nodosa, new name. Coteopora granulosa, new species. Crepidacantha poissoni Savigny-Audouin, 1826 *Crisia elongata Milne-Edwards, 1838. *Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1852. *Dacryonella typica, new species. *Hntalophora proboscideoides Smitt, 1872. Gemelliporidra multilamellosa Canu and Bassler, 1923. *Hippoporina cletdostoma Smitt, 1873. *Hippopodina feegensis Busk, 1880. *Hippodiplosia pertusa Esper, 1794. *Holoporella vagans Busk, 1885. *ITdmonea atlantica Forbes, 1847. Lepralia fissurata, new species. Lichenopora buskiana, new name. *Mastigophora pesanseris Smitt, 1873. Microporella normani, new name. *Nellia oculaia Busk, 1852. *Petraliella bisinuata Smitt, 1873. Petraliella bisinuata grandis, new variety. *Plagioecia sarniensis Norman, 1864. *Pyellina radiaia Moll, 1823. Rhynchozoon corniger, new species. *Schismopora dichotoma Hincks, 1869. *Scrupocellaria retiformis Pourtales, 1867. *Schizopodrella isabelleana Smitt, 1873. *Stphonoporella granulosa, new species. *Smiitina trispinosa spathulata Smitt, 1873. Steganoporella brevis, new species. *Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. *Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. *Tremopora radicifera Hincks, 1869. *Tremogasterina granulaia, new species. *Tremogasterina malleolus, new species. Tremogasterina sparsiporosa, new species. Tremoschizodina anatina, new species. *Tubucellaria cereoides Ellis and Solander, 1786. Vibracellina laxibasis, new species. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 72 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Order CHEILOSTOMATA Busk Suborder Anasca Levinsen Division MALACOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909 Family BIFLUSTRIDAE Smitt, 1872 Membraniporae without ovicells. The zooecia are rectangular (seen on their dorsal face). No spines. In this family we classify all the genera of the first group of Membraniporae as we divided them in 1920 (p. 85). History —Biflustra is a zoarial genus established by D’Orbigny, 1852, and classed in his family of Flustrellariidae. It embraced all of the bilamellar Membranipores. ‘Three recent species were classed here—the first and the third are of the Savartw group (Waters, 1905) and the second is one of the Costulae. Busk, 1859, classed Biflustra in the Escharidae; he introduced here Biflustra delicatula, which we know to be a synonym of Flusira savartii Savigny-Audouin, 1826. Smitt, 1872, formed the family of Biflustridae for the reception of the genus Biflustra. “The quadrangular shape of the zooecia, as well as their strong, usually high, and hardly calcified and granular margins, in most cases will make the biflustridan type recognizable.” He cites three species: Flustra lacroixw Savigny-Audouin, 1826, although under this name he figures Callopora filum Jullien, 1902; Biflustra denticulata, which is of very different structure (Hemisep- tella); and Flustra savartu Savigny-Audouin, 1826. As Biflusira has had no definite standing and as the paleontologists have described under that name a great number of species of very different structure, we created in 1917 the genus Acanihodesia for Flustra savartit in order to avoid all confusion. #rflustra is retained. for narrow bifoliate Membranipores of doubtful affinities, but we can maintain Smitt’s name for the family. In the absence of known larvae, we can not say if this family is a natural one. Genus ACANTHODESIA Canu and Bassler, 1920 ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI Savigny-Audouin, 1826 Plate 1, Figures 5, 6; text Figure 1. 1920. Acanthodesia savartti CANu and BasstER, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. Bull. 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 100, pl. 21, figs. 2-4. (Bibliography and distribution.) 1923. Acanthodesia savarit Canu and BassuterR, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 31. (Study of the varieties.) ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 15 Our specimens are bilamellar with undulated and twisted fronds. The serrate denticle is rare and there are no spicules. The opercular valve is thin, broad, transverse, in conformity with our drawings of specimens from the Philippines. In longitudinal sections there are two multiporous septulae. In transverse sections the zooecial walls are thick and have two large multiporous septulae. Biology.—Our specimens were uncolored, but in the Philippine material we have found some of a brown-violet color. This is a species of shallow water (10 to 50 meters) generally. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf o Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’” N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2380, Gulf of Mexico; 29° 28’ 00’ N.; 87° 56’ 00’’ W.; 27 fms.; gray sand, broken shells. Tortugas, 16 meters (Osburn, 1914); Florida, 47 meters (Smitt). Plesiotype—Cat. No. 7445, U.S.N.M. Genus CUPULADRIA Canu and Bassler, 1920 CUPULADRIA CANARIENSIS Busk, 1852 e« Plate 1, Figures 7-9; text Figure 2 1914. Cupularia guineensis OsBuRN, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 194 (American bibliography). 1919. Cupuladria canariensis CANU and BassuEr, Ge- ology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 291, p. 78, pl. 1, figs. 8-10. (Bibliography and geologic distribution.) re a eae 1923. Cupuladria canariensis Canu and BASSLER | AUDOUIN, 1826. Lona- North American Later Tertiary and Quater_ _rruprNat sEcTION, X 85, nary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National EXHIBITING THE TWO Museum, p. 28, pl. 1, figs. 7-9. LATERAL Sere Some hundreds of specimens, recent and fossil, have been examined and studied by us, and we find it still impossible to see any difference between Cupuladria canariensis and Cupuladria guineensis Busk, 1852. The colonies are generally cupuliform, but some are conical; their diameter is quite variable. Each polygonal prism of the interior face is rectangular and is perforated by six rectangular pores. The latter are frequently four in number and sometimes only two; these variations can be observed on the same specimen. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 72 The opercular valve is somewhat higher than broad and little thickened. The seta of the vibraculum is falciform. When the ectocyst covers the interior face, the large pores appear by transpar- ency much smaller and circular, This deceiving aspect enables one to suppose the existence of two species. The vibraculum belongs to the proximal zooecium. Biology.—The calcite of our living specimens is white but their ectocyst is light colored. The color of Osburn’s specimens is ‘horn brown, due mainly to the chitinous bristles which form the mandible (seta) of the vibracula.’’ Our specimens, like those of Osburn, are always free. The following observation of Osburn is very important: ‘‘When touched the bristles stand erect for some time.”’ It confirms our views on the physiologic functions of the vibracula and of the setiform avicularia. These are organs of relation either with the surrounding medium or between the cells themselves. This is an equatorial species which in the Mediterranean does not extend beyond the thirty-eighth parallel. Its presence in the Gulf of California indicates an old passageway be- FG. 2—-Curcuapem cana. tween the Atlantic and the Paciic: RIENSIS BUSK, 1852. A. C. canariensis is one of the rare species char- Vipracunuss X &, uO acteristic of the abyssal deeps. The mobility of Orercutar vatveann the colony is occasioned by the presence of nu- APERTURAL ScLERITE, X 85 merous Vibracula which permits them to escape being covered with mud. The bathymetric dispersion is very great, for it has been dredged on the sands of little depth at the Canary Islands. The reader will find a detailed study of the genus Cupuladria in our volume on the Philippine bryozoa. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico, 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida, 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Atlantic, Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Tortugas, 16 meters (Osburn); Florida, 16-21 meters (Smitt). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Pleswotypes.—Cat. No. 7829, U.S.N.M. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 17 Genus QUADRICELLARIA D’Orbigny, 1851 The zoarium is articulated by segments. The zooecia are mem- braniporoid and arranged on four faces (of which two are narrower) placed back to back. No ovicell. Genotype—Quadricellaria elegans D’Orbigny, 1851. Quadricellaria caraibica, new species here described, may be considered as a recent genotype. Range.—Cretaceous (Turonian), Recent. Affinities —The discovery in the present seas of this old genus is very important; it shows the great vitality of the genera of the group Ascophora or of the Flustrines as the old authors wrote it. Origi- nating as far back as the Cretaceous, they persist still in the equa- torial zone of the recent seas. Jullien, 1881, classed most of the Cretaceous species of Quadricellaria in his genus Smittipora but D’Orbigny’s name has priority. The number of specimens obtained is not large enough for us to affirm definitely the absence of ovicells. While waiting more infor- mation, it appears best to introduce this genus into the group of Membraniporae without ovicell. QUADRICELLARIA CARAIBICA, new species Plate 2, Figures 1-3 Description —The zoarium is bushy, radicelled, formed of numer- ous articulated, dichotomous branches; the segments are rectangular and formed of four longitudinal series of zooecia arranged back to back and of which two are wider. The zooecia are distinct, very long, subrectangular with a convex distal border; the mural rim is thin and little salient, complete. The opesium is semielliptical, very elongated, with a straight proximal border; the cryptocyst is shallow, flat, smooth, longer than the opesium. The opercular vaive is small, entirely adjacent to the mural rim. . {ho=0.20 mm. Measuremenis.—Large opesia{ 2670 ean £z=0.60 mm. lz=0.30 mm. Structure—The zooecium which terminates a segment and which bears the two new branches is very convex in its distal portion, which gives it the aspect of a false ovicell. The ectocyst covers all the zooecium and is terminated by the opercular valve, which is the constant structure in the Membraniporae. The cryptocyst is inclined toward the opesium, so that the mural rim enlarges into two small lateral facettes. All of our segments came from the same colony, which was without ovicells. 585 13—28——2 Large zocecia} 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 72 This species corresponds rigorously to the genus Quadricellaria D’Orbigny, 1851. All the Cretaceous species, except one, described by this author have this structure. This discovery shows again that the study of the equatorial bryozoa is indispensable to“ the paleontologist. Biology —The ectocyst is not pigmented; its natural tint is light colored. We have observed some zooecia closed by a calcareous lamella perforated at the center. The collection of numerous speci- mens is necessary to study the complete structure of this important species. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D, 2136, Caribbean Sea; 17° 43’ 40’’ N.; 75° 38’ 25’’ W.; 52 fms.; coral, broken shells. Cotypes—Cat. No. 7574, U.S.N.M. Family HLECTRINIDAE D’Orbigny, 1851 Genus NITSCHEINA Canu, 1900 Harmer (“‘Siboga,” 1926) adopts Nichtina (Nitscheina) Canu, 1900, for the IM. membranacea group in place of Membranipora which he retains for unplaced members of the Membraniporae. Although we have previously employed Membranipora as a valid genus, we now follow this eminent authority. NITSCHEINA MEMBRANACEA Linnaeus, 1766 Plate 1, Figure 4 1914. Membranipora membranacea OsBuRN, Bryozoa from the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington. No. 182, p. 193 (American bibliography). This is an almost universal species and has been noted in the Tem- perate Zones of both hemispheres. Observed in California and in Alaska by Miss Robertson and recorded by Osburn at the Tortugas. It was unknown in South America until the Albatross dredged very beautiful specimens off Chili. The species differs from Nitscheina (Membranipora) tuberculata Bosc, 1802 (= Membrampora tehuelca D’Orbigny, 1839), in its small tubercles which are vertical (not oblique) and never united together. : Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2782, off Chili, South America; 51° 12’ 00” S.; 74° 13’ 30” W.; 258 fms.; blue mud. Plesiotype—Cat. No. 7548, U.S.N.M. NITSCHEINA TUBERCULATA Bose, 1802 1914. Membranipora iehuelca OsBpuRN, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington. No. 182, p. 193. (American bibliography.) 1921. Membranipora tehuelca RoprerRtson, Bryozoa from the Bay of Bengal. Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 22, p. 47. art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 19 1922. Membranipora tuberculata Marcus, Siidafrikanische Bryozoen aus der Sammlung des Gothenburger Museum. Kiingl Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar, vol. 25, p. 15, fig. 8. 1923. Membranipora tuberculata Canu and BasstEerR, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. 8. National Mu- seum, p. 22, pl. 33, figs. 3-5. (Bibliography and distribution.) Marcus has erroneously placed in the synonymy of this species Biflustra denticulata Smitt, 1872, which is quite a different species belonging to the genus Hemiseptella. The present species is very fragile and in drying, the zooecia become greatly deformed. The development of tubercles is very irregular even on the same specimen, as is apparent in one of our figures of 1923. Biology.—I1t was believed formerly that this species was confined to the American Continent but the discoveries of Marcus showed that it had traveled around Africa and had extended into the Indian Ocean, where Miss Robertson noted it, and also into the western Pacific, where we have observed it in the Philippines. Thisis then a universal species, quite cosmopolitan, transported on algae by the great marine currents. In the Northern Hemisphere it does not pass beyond the fiftieth parallel. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2647. Straits of Florida, 25° 48’ 00’’ N.; 80° 04’ 00’’ W.; 85 fms.; gray sand, foraminifera. Atlantic: Straits of Florida; Tortugas (Osburn) ; Ber- muda (Verrill). Geographic distribution.—Pleistocene of California. South Africa (Marcus); Philippines. Cat. No. 7549, U.S.N.M. Family FLUSTRIDAE Smitt, 1867 Genus FLUSTRA Linnaeus, 1761 FLUSTRA (CARBASEA) CAPITATA, new species Plate 28, Figures 4, 5 'Description.—The zoarium is free, unilamellar, formed of narrow fronds with five longitudinal series of zooecia. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a common salient thread, elongated, somewhat lozenge-shaped. The mural rim is thin and the opesium entire. The opercular valve is adjacent to the mural rim and its border is much chitinized. The ovicell is very large, endozooecial, very convex; the ectooecium is incompletely calcified and leaves a circular area on which an avicularium is sometimes placed. The avicularium is distal, oblique, always adjacent to the mural rim; the beak is oriented toward the aperture; the mandible is semicircular. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 Measurements.—Opercular valve: Jo=0.30 mm. {Lz=0.90-1.00 mm. \lz=0.35-0.40 mm. Affinities —The ovicelled zooecia have the larger dimensions; the mural rim bears a pair of spines. This species is well characterized | by its large ovicell. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2750, off Chili, South America; 18° 30’ N.; 63° 31’ W.; 496 fms.; fine gray sand. Ootypes.—Cat. No. 7499, U.S.N.M. Family HINCKSINIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1927 Genus APLOUSINA Canu and Bassler, 1927 Zooecium Membraniporae with endozooecial ovicell; no spines, no avicula- rium, and no dietellae. Genotype.—Aplousina gigantea Canu and Bassler, 1927. Range.—Miocene—Recent. APLOUSINA GIGANTEA Canu and Bassler, 1927 Plate 2, Figure 6, text Figure 3 1927. Aplousina gigantea CANU and Bass- LHR, Classification Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 69, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 1. Description. The zoarium encrusts Fic. 3.—APLOUSINA GIGANTEA CANU AND shells. The zooecia are very large, BASSLER, 1927 DIAGRAMMATIC DRAWING lozenge-shaped, not separated from TACULAR sHEATa AnTAcHED TO Tax open. €2ch Other; the mural rim is very thin, CULAR VALVE. THis 1s rixeD To 4N filiform. The opercular valve is large, EXTERIOR THICKENING OF THE ECTOCYST 11 ° transverse, semilliptical and removed from the distal border of the zooecium. ‘The ovicell is very small, transverse, little salient, ornamented with a small frontal callosity. ho=0.12 mm. lo=0.18 mm. . {L2=0.84-0.90 mm. Lovecials-” 9 6.0.64 mm. : Siructure—The tentacular sheath is attached to the sclerite which borders the opercular valve. The length of the tentacles is half that of the zooecia. The parietal muscles are numerous. ‘This species is larger than the Miocene species, A. (Membrendvecium) grandis, Canu and Bassler, 1923. Biology—We have observed this beautiful species only on the coast of Florida, where it appears abundant. It was in reproduction March 15, 1885, and April 9, 1886. Its large dimensions, the tenuity of its tentacles, and the absence of avicularia indicate that it lived especially in localities where a marine current incessantly renewed the plancton. Measurements.—Opercular valve| ArT. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER yal Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00” W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral, Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7452, U.S.N.M. APLOUSINA TUBEROSA, new species. Plate 2, Figures 4, 5 Description.—The zoarium encrusts shells, serpulae and especially Steganoporella magnilabris. ‘The zooecia are large, distinct, separated by a furrow, elliptical; the proximal gymnocyst is very small; the mural rim is very thin, flat, granulated, with smooth termen. The opesium is very large and of the form of the zooecia. The ovicell is very small, transverse, little convex, always accompanied by two lateral tuberosities. - fho=0.50 mm. Mea ts.— easurements.—Opesia lo =0.32 mm. . {Lz=0.60 mm. Zooeci OO RELA a yan aidan Variations —The micrometric measurements vary from single to double even on the same specimen. The zooecia which begin a series are deformed and oval. Affinities —This species differs from Callopora jilum Jullien, 1903, in its endozooecial ovicell, in its mural rim enlarged at the base and in which the termen is smooth. Biology.—This is a magnificent species of the shelly bottoms. It was in reproduction (ovicelled) May 1, 1884, and March 15, 1885. The colony and the ectocyst are light colored like the substratum. It lived as a true parasite on Steganoporella magnilabris; the move- ment of the gigantic opercula of this species does not trouble it and it even impedes them by its rapid development. We have observed several cases of total regeneration. The species did not cross the Tropics and did not penetrate into the Caribbean Sea. However, we can consider as tropical ali the Gulf of Mexico faunas because of the special location of the Gulf. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2169, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ DSc IN Sc 2Ue 2iia Wier so: FMS. COnale bos Albatross Station D. 2317, north of Cuba; 24° 25’ 45/’ N.; 81° 46’ 45” W.; 45 fms.; coral. Nd Albatross Station D. 2365, east of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00’’ N.; 87° 04’ 00’’ W.; 24 fms.; white rock, coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7453, 7454, U.S.N.M. 992 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Genus HINCKSINA Norman, 1903 HINCKSINA PERIPOROSA, new species Plate 2, Figures 8-11 Description.—The zoarium encrusts bryozoa, corals, nullipores, hydroids, and shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, surrounded by a line of interjunctural pores, oval; the gym- nocyst is small, convex; the mural rim is very thin and bears 16-18 spicules. The opesium has the form of the zooecium. The ovicell is very small, a little convex, transverse. There are pyriform zooe- ciules between the zooecia; their appearance is sporadic. {ho=0.45 mm. |lo =0.20-0.25 mm. Lz=0.60-0.65 mm. lz=0.30—-0.32 mm. Structure —The interjunctural pores are covered by the ectocyst. Their significance is unknown; they appear to result from an incom- plete calcification. These pores do not furnish a generic character for they are found also in Callopora circumclathrata Hincks, 1881, in Cauloramphus disjunctus, new species from the Philippines, in Hinck- sina multispinata Canu and Bassler, 1923, and in Mystriopora (?) areolata Canu and Bassler, 1923, both from the California Pleistocene. The zooeciules are always very small and pyriform. Their sporadic arrangement indicates a zoarial function. Affinities —This species differs from Hincksina multispinata in the much larger micrometric measurements and in the presence of larger and less numerous pores. It differs from Mystriopora (?) areolata in the smaller micrometric measurements. It much resembles Electra di stefanor Cipolla, 1920, from the Sicilian Pliocene and if the author had figured the ovicell we might have made this identification. Biologya—We have observed several cases of total regeneration. The figured ancestrula is surrounded by zooecia closed by a perfo- rated calcareous membrane and with regenerated zooecia. Some of the regenerated zooecia are formed by a zooeciule replacing an ordi- nary zooecium. The larva is very active and affixes itself on all marine objects, but principally on the animals with carapace, living or dead. It is thus a parasite of Steganoporella magnilabris. Its large bathymetric extension has no connection with its geographic distribution; it is probable that it will be found in many other locali- ties. Almost all of our specimens were dead; the only living ones were in reproduction March 15, 1885. Measurements.—Opesium Zooecia| ant.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 23 Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’” W.; 201 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. : Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7519, U.S.N.M. Genus MEMBRENDOECIUM Canu and Bassler, 1917 MEMBRENDOECIUM STRICTOROSTRIS, new species Plate 2, Figure 7 Description.—The zoarium encrusts nullipores and dead shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, a little elongated, oval, ornamented frequently by a convex gymnocyst. ‘The opesium is oval, the point at the top; the mural rim is thick, beveled, enlarged at the base. The ovicell is small, endozooecial, convex, transverse. In the interzooecial angles there is a small avicularium, long, very narrow, acuminated. ho=0.30-0.35 mm. lo=0.20-0.25 mm. Lz=0.45-0.60 mm. lz=0.30-0.40 mm. Affinities —The micrometric measurements are quite variable, ranging from one to twice the size and have only an approximate value. The gymnocyst is frequent but in no wise constant and entire colonies are deprived of it. There are cases of total regen- eration. The species differs from Membrendoecium ovatum of the Philippines in its long, narrow avicularia. It differs from Membrendoecwum sav- arti MacGillivray, 1895, in its mural rim much less enlarged at the base. We have described five fossil species from the Eocene and one from the Miocene of America, so that the genus has therefore per- sisted in the same region since the Claibornian. The species was in reproduction and fixation January 17, 1885. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7552, U.S.N.M. Genus VIBRACELLINA Canu and Bassler, 1917 VIBRACELLINA LAXIBASIS, new species Plate 32, Figure 2 Description.—The zoarium encrusts very small globular pebbles. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, small, some- Measurements —Opesium| Zooeci al 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 what elongated, oval, sometimes ornamented with a very short gymnocyst. The mural rim is thin, salient. Its interior part is finely granular and slightly enlarged on the sides and at the base; the termen is sharp. The opesium is oval and very finely denticulated. The vibraculum is small, elliptical, auriculated. The ovicell is endo- zooecial and very small. M easurements—Opesium| sate pe - tea, Zooeciay 70.38 mm. lz=0.24 mm. Variations.—On the rather small substratum the cells are neces- sarily irregular and of variable dimensions. The ancestrula is sur- rounded either by five cells and a vibraculum or by six cells and a vibraculum, but they do not at all appear to result from budding of this ancestrula. It is, moreover, difficult to trace the zooecial axes on the convex specimens. Affinities—This species is smaller than Vibracellina viator and V. crassatina of the Philippines and V. capillaria Canu and Bassler, 1920. It is, on the contrary, larger than Vibracellina pusilla Canu and Bassler, 1923, from the Pliocene of Florida. Its affinities are rather vith Vibracellina simplex Canu and Bassler, 1923, from the Miocene of Florida, but differs in its broader and more decorated mural rim and in its denticulated opesium. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 70868, U.S.N.M. Genus ANTROPORA Norman, 1903 ANTROPORA PUSTULATA, new species Piate 3, Figure 11; Plate 16, Figure 12 Description.—The zoarium encrusts corals and fragments of shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, elongated pyriform; the gymnocyst is smooth, convex; the mural rim is little salient, thin, pyriform; the cryptocyst is concave, smooth. The opesium is elliptical, marginated, finely crenulated, ornamented with a distal, oblique lamella, serving as a border to the deep opesium. ‘The ovi- cell is hyperstomial, independent of the distal zooecium. The mural rim bears exteriorily four to six small hollow spines and two oblique triangular avicularia. Irregular zooeciules, perforated, in the form of small pustules, are arranged sporadically between the zooecia. ho=0.25 mm. fo=0.14 mm. 2=0.50-0.75 mm. =0.385-0.45 mm. M easurements.—Opesium| Zooecia7: art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 25 Structure—The gymnocyst is much developed, contrary to that observed in Anéropora granulifera Hincks, 1880. It is broad, convex, and smooth. There are two opesia with the same proximal border. The exter- nal (superior) opesium is elliptical, elongated, a little narrowed on the transversal axis; its distal border 1s confused with that of the mural rim. The inner opesium is subcircular, submedian; its distal border is visible at the bottom of the cell. The cryptocyst entirely surrounds the inner opesium, but the proximal portion between the two opesia forms a concavity more or less deep, which continues below the mural rim and forms a kind of endozooecial ovicell. We suppose that the opercular muscles are lodged in this distal concavity. The hypostege is deep and perfected. It is regularly arranged between the mural rim and the salient, crenulated thread which sur- rounds the proximal! half of the opesium. The avicularia are constant and zooecial; they are apparently | indispensable for the movements of the opercular valve, but we can not understand what might be the action of their minute mandible. The perforated kenozooecia arranged sporadically between the cells are covered and closed by the ectocyst. Total regeneration is revealed by a double mural rim. Affinities—This species differs from Antropora granulifera Hincks, 1880, in the presence of a large gymnocyst and of six small distal spines, in its less oblique avicularia, in its smooth cryptocyst, and in its sporadic kenozoocecia. Harmer, 1926, discovered that the ovicells of Antropora granulifera are endozooecial. Here they are clearly hyperstomial but closed by the operculum. This important difference between the two species is inexplicable to us. Biology—This species appears to live in deep waters. It was ovicelled in May, 1884. Corals form the preferred substratum. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2321, Gulf of Mexico, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; 82° 18’ 00’’ W.; 230 fms. Albatross Station D. 2167, Gulf of Mexico, off Ha- bana; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’’ W.; 201 fms. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7456, U.S.N.M. Family FARCIMINARIIDAE Busk, 1884 Genus LEVINSENELLA Harmer, 1926 The ovicells are strongly prominent. The zooecia are without spinous processes; the distal wall has a number of scattered unipo- rous septulae. The avicularia are capitate, attached to the distal 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. T2 wall at their proximal part and firmly fixed with their basal wall to the frontal membrane of the distal zooecitum. The colonies are not jointed. (Levinsen, 1909.) This genus differs from Farciminaria Busk, 1852, in the presence of a distal avicularium and in the square section of the branches. Genotype —Levinsenella (Columnaria) borealis Levinsen, 1909. LEVINSENELLA BRASILIENSIS Busk, 1884 Plate i, Figure 3; text Figure 4 1884. Farciminaria brasiliensis Bus, Polyzoa collected by Challenger. Sci- entific Results Voyage Challenger, vol. 10, pt. 390, p. 50, pl. 31, fig. 2. Our specimens are very close to Busk’s species and differ only in the avicularia, in which the mandible is perpendicular and not par- allel to the zooecial plane. They were living and ovicelled January 27, 1884. The opercular valve is absolutely analogous to that in the Flustridae and the Membraniporae. Roo aan ee Occurrence—D. 2117, Caribbean Sea; 15° 24’ 1884. OPERCULAR 40’’ N.; 63° 31’ 30’’ W.; 683 fms. ; Le Sie yellow mud, fine sand. BORDERED BY A Atlantic: North of Bahia, South SeLERIRE America, 648 meters. Plesvotypes —Cat. No. 7477, U.S.N.M. Genus NELLIA Busk, 1852 NELLIA OCULATA Busk, 1852 1873. Nellia oculata Suirt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt.2. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, No. 4, p. 3, pl. 11, figs. 53, 54, 1914. Nellia oculaia OsBuRN, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington. No. 182, p. 191 (American bibliography). 1920. Nellia oculata Canu and Bassuer, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. Bull. 106, U. S. Nanioral Museum, p. 196, pl. 82, Jes 6-10. (Supplementary bibliography.) 1922. Nellta oculata Marcus, Bryozoen von den Aru-Inseln. Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellschaft, vol. 35, p. 423. Nellia oculata Canu and Bassuer, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. 8. National Museum, p. 55, pl. 2, figs. 5-7. * 1923. ho=0.06-0.10 mm. lo=0.08-0.10 mm. . |Lz=0.50-0.54 mm. Foose ee mm. Diameter of branches, 0.30 mm. Measurements —Opercular valve} ant.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER Ze The colonies are attached to sponges and occasionally to shells (Osburn). The radical tubes spring out from the middle of the front side just below the apertural area of the zooecia (Smitt). Occurrence Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2407, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 47’ 30’’ N.; 84° 37’ 00’’ W.; 24 fms.; coral, broken shells. Florida, 21-222 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 16-29 meters (Osburn); Texas and St. Thomas, West Indies (Levinson). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Pan- ama. Geographic distribution.—Pacific: Torres Strait, Bass Strait, Queens- land, Victoria, Cape Grenville, Cape Joubert (23 meters), Gasparstrasse (29 meters), Philippines, Heard Island, and Crozet Island. Indian Ocean: Mergui Archipelago, Gulf of Arabia, Ceylon, Sudanese Red Sea, Zanzibar, Wasin. Atlantic: Bahia, Brazil. Geologic distribution.— Eocene (Lutetian) of the Paris Basin (Canu) ; Oligocene (Vicksburgian) of Alabama and Mississippi (Canu and Bassler); Miocene (Burdigalian) Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo (Canu and Bassler); Miocene (Helvetian) of Touraine and Egypt (Canu); Miocene of Australia (MacGillivray). Family ALDERINIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1927 This family was proposed for all the Membraniporae in which the ovicell is hyperstomial. It comprises, therefore, groups 3 and 4 of our classification of 1920. It is probable that certain articulated genera will some day be classed in this family, but their larval sys- tem not being known, it is preferable to leave them where their authors have placed them. There are also some exceptions to make regarding the genus Amphiblestrum, of which the anatomy is abso- lutely unknown; some species belong perhaps to the Opesiulidae. Genus ALDERINA Norman, 1903 ALDERINA IRREGULARIS Smitt, 1873 Plate 3, Figure 3; Plate 32, Figure 4 1873. Membranipora irregularis Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 8, pl. 11, fig. 63. 1914. Membranipora irregularis Ospurn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 194. 1920. Alderina irregularts Canu and Bassuer, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. Bull. 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 142. (Not D’Orbigny, 1839, Waters, 1904, Busk, 1861, Manzoni, 1875.) 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Measurements —Opesium|)°~ " ne ons . {Lz=0.48-0.50 mm. Zooecial =0.36 mm. Structure—The micrometric measurements shown on our speci- mens differ very little from those which we published in 1922. ‘The ovicell is transverse and formed by two calcified layers; the superior one is very finely granulated, incomplete, surrounding an area which is irregular and more or less linear. It is hyperstomial and opens by a large special orifice which the opercular valve never closes. The latter is bordered by a very thick sclerite. The mural rim is granular and enlarged at the base.’”’ (Canu and Bassler, 1920.) “The granulation of the border varies with the amount of calcifi- cation. Ooecia are present. In younger stages these are quite prom- inent, but with latter calcification they become included in the general erust.”” (Osburn, 1914.) Our specimens encrust shells, nullipores, and débris. Affimities—This species is the equatorial representative of the northern Alderina imbellis Hincks, 1860, but differs from it in its transverse and nonelongated ovicell and its irregularly linear and nonrectangular ovicellarian area. Under the name of Membranipora irregularis the authors have confused several species, and we gave the history of them in 1920. The bibliography is only that which we indicate above because this species was with certainty dredged only in the Gulf of Mexico. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37'’N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken ' coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, straits of Florida; 56 fms.; coral sand. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7451, 70831, U.S.N.M. ALDERINA (?) PYRIFORMIS, new species Plate 32, Figure 3 Description.—The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are dis- tinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, pyriform, ornamented sometimes with a short gymnocyst; the mural rim is salient, very thin superiorly, enlarged at the base, with a sharp termen. There are six distal spines placed on the exterior part of the mural rim and — often a pair of lateral spines. The ovicell is hyperstomial, salient, ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 29 globular, transverse; it is formed by two calcareous pellicules of which the superior is incomplete and leaves a large frontal cicatrix. Measurements —Opesium| eo epee lo=0.20-0.32 mm. Lz=0.60-0.70 mm. lz=0.30-0.35 mm. Affinities—This new species differs from Alderina cesticella Canu and Bassler, 1923, in its much larger zooecia and in the number of its spines. The primoserial zooecia arise always from a lateral bud of a zooecium, a very frequent phenomenon in the Membranipores. There are, however, some species (Acanthodesia) where the budding is always distal. The nature of budding has not been sufficiently studied by the zoologists, and it may perhaps furnish excellent generic or specific characters. Our unique specimen does not bear avicularia. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Holotype.—Cat. No. 70832, U.S.N.M. Genus GEPHYROTES Norman, 1903 Zooecia| 1920. Gephyroites Canu and Bassuer, North American Early Tertiary Bryo- zoa. Bull. 106, U.S. National Museum, p. 300. In introducing this genus into our nomenclature of 1920 we con- sidered especially the spiramen which we thought corresponded to a special function®. Also all the species do not have the same frontal structure; often it is totally different from that of the genotype; in Gephyrotes spinosa it is identical with that in Acanthocella. If this genus is indeed natural, it will be proof once more that the aspect of the frontal can not furnish generic characters since it results simply from the ordinary variations of the primitive spines. If we are deceived in our views, it is necessary to range the species with die- tellae in Cribrilina as Levinsen thought in 1909; but the conclusion remains the same for Cribrilina. Lang, 1922, gave the greatest importance to the form and the arrangement of the costules. This is not our view, for the exterior ornamentation can not serve to establish a natural classification. GEPHYROTES SPINOSUM, new species Plate 4, Figure 11 Description—The zoarium encrusts stones. The zooecia are dis- tinct, separated by a furrow, elliptical, a little elongated; the frontal is convex; the costules, 16 to 18 in number, are narrow, a little distinct, arranged transversely; they are separated by two or three very small 6 Moreover, we consider that the absence of dietellae is still an important difference from the group Membraniporella- Cribrilina, 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 lacunae; they bear two or three very salient lumen pores which give the frontal a spinous aspect. The frontal is terminated distally by a wide, smooth convex mucro; it forms with the wide apertural arch a kind of broad oblique peristome surrounding a kind of spiramen; the latter is itself protected in front by a small more or less salient tongue. The aperture is buried by the characteristic arch; the peri- stome is thin and bears on each side of the aperture a large, short,. hollow spine, and distally two broad, claviform, bifid spines, often joined together to form a small special tongue. Lz=0.45-0.50 mm. lz=0.25-0.30 mm. Structure —This species is quite original and well characterized by its spinous costules. The apertural arch is very constant; the spira- men could correspond to a special function like that of the Galeop- sidae and indispensable to the zooecial life. The lacunae are so small that they must be subject to the phe- nomena of capillarity, of which it will be necessary to make a special study. The apertural arch is altogether distinct from what we have observed in Cribrilina lineata and which is formed by the junction of two wide oral spines. Here it forms an integral part of the oral mucro and constitutes with it a true special armature in which the spiramen is perforated. The arrangement of the costules is totally different from that of the genotype, Gephyrotes nitido-punctata Smitt, 1868. Their struc- ture is that of Acanthocella. The two large lateral spines observed on each side of the aperture are perhaps in reality very small pedunculato avicularia correspond- ing to the oral avicularia noted m almost all the species of the genus. Our rare specimens did not bear a single ovicell. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’” W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Holotype —Cat. No. 7508, U.S.N.M. Genus MARSSONOPORA Lang, 1914 MARSSONOPORA UNCIFERA, new species Plate 3, Figures 1, 2 Measurements—Zooecial Description.—The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are ar- ranged in linear series; they are oval, elongated, and united with each other by filiform zooeciules with very small orifice and arranged in the form of stolons. The opesium is oval; the mural rim is thin and bears a dozen spines in the form of claws. The ovicell is hyper- stomial, globular, salient, always closed by the operculum. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 31 Structure.—Lang, 1914, considered the orifices placed on the caudal portion of the zooecia as avicularia. We have seen no mandibles on our living specimens, and the orifices observed are indeed the aper- tures of successive zooeciules forming the caudal portion of the zo- oecia. The zooeciules form thus true stolons of variable length which are not necessarily terminated by a zooecium. Our Figure 1 shows this phenomenon as perfect evidence. In their form these zooeciules are related to those of Trypostega; however, the latter are always isolated and in direct connection with the proximal zooecium. It is probable that these zooeciules are deprived of polypides. They differ from true stolons of Ctenostomata in the presence of an orifice. The figure of Lang seems to indicate that the ovicell is closed by a special operculum as in Callopora, but his species is a fossil one, and we know how difficult it is to determine by the examination of the skeleton alone the relation of the operculum and the ovicell. In our specimens without any doubt the operculum closes the ovicell. In spite of this divergence, we do not believe we ought to create a new genus for the stoloniferous Membranipores, for it is preferable to attribute to the fossils the characters of the recent species. Biology.—Our specimens from locality D. 2167 were alive when dredged. They were in reproduction May 1, 1884. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’’ W.; 201 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37°" N.: 82° 207 06’? W.;, 143, ims. ; ‘oray: coral: Cotypes—Cat. Nos. 7543, 7544, U.S.N.M. Genus CALLOPORA Gray, 1848 CALLOPORA TENUIROSTRIS Hincks, 1880 Plate 3, Figure 4 1918. Membranipora tenutrostris Waters, Bryozoa of the Cape Verde Islands. Linnean Society’s Journal, Zoology, vol. 34, p.9. (Bibli- ography and geographic distribution.) 1920. Callopora tenuirostris Canu and Bagster, North American Early Ter- tiary Bryozoa. Bull. 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 114, pl. 29, fig. 10, 11. (Bibliography.) ho=0.40 mm. lo=0.24 mm. Lz=0.40-0.54 mm. lz=0.36 mm. Variations —The micrometric measurements are very variable; specimens from Oran measure 0.50 mm. by 0.44 mm. Waters’s fig- ure of 1898 shows 0.40 mm. by 0.28 mm., and fossils from the Jack- sonian measure 0.40-0.45 mm. by 0.20-0.25 mm. Measurements.—Opesia| Zooecia| 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 The mural rims are generally separated. They are thick, but when they are covered over by the ectocyst they appear thin. The inter- zooecial avicularium is large. : Affinities —This species must not be confused with Membranipora plana Hincks, 1880, of which we have discovered beautiful specimens at Oran and in which the micrometric measurements are much larger; nor with Callopora parvirostris Canu and Bassler, 1923, of the Amer- ican Miocene, in which the avicularium is very small. Waters illus- trated the mandible in 1885 and the operculum in 1898. We add the ancestrula. Our specimens encrust corals, shells, and Cellepores. Biology.—Our specimens were living and in reproduction January 30, 1885. This is a species of waters of little depth from 10 to 89 meters, but because of its great vitality it is probable that it can adapt itself to less favorable bathymetric conditions. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2365, east of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00’’ N.; 87° 04’ 00’’ W.; 24 fms.; white rock coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ © 50’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Geologic distribution.—Kocene (Priabonian) of the Vicentin (Waters) ; Oligocene of Anguilla (Canu and Bassler); Jacksonian of Mississippi (Canu and Bassler); Helvetian of Tourraine (Canu); Pliocene of Italy (Waters). - CALLOPORA CURVIROSTRIS Hincks, 1861 Plate 3, Figures 9, 10; Plate 32, Figure 8 1903. Membranipora guernei JULUIEN, Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes de l’ Hirondelle (1886-1888). Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, fasc. 23, p. 40, pl. 5, fig. 3. 1918. Membranipora curvirosiris WATERS, Bryozoa of the Cape Verde Islands. Journal Linnean Society, Zoology, vol. 34, p.9. (Bibliography.) 1923. Callopora guernet Canu and Bassumr, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Museum, p. 42, pl. 45, figs. 3, 4. ho=0.45 mm. lo=0.35-0.40 mm. Lz=0.50-0.55 mm. lz =0.40-0.45 mm. Variations.—Our specimens encrust shells and large dead colonies of Stylopoma spongites. Above each avicularium there is frequently a curious uncovered space very irregular in form. It is difficult to explain the formation and the origin of these spaces. Waters, 1918, thought that they must be considered as aborted zooecia. In their more perfect form they appear to us to be the unoccupied portion of Measurements.—Opesia, Zooecia ART, 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 30 an ordinary zooecium but regenerated by a falciform avicularium. On our specimens from the Gulf of Mexico they are generally absent or diffuse. Although the specimens dredged in the Philippines belong to the variety albida Busk, 1885, those from the Gulf of Mexico are very typical and conform to Hincks’s figure of 1880. They are deprived of tuberosities on the mural rim. However, we figure a curious speci- men in which the zooecia are a little smaller and the mural rim is ornamented with tuberosities very irregularly arranged. Biology——All of our specimens were dead. We have observed some cases of total regeneration. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167. Off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’ W.; 201 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2319, North of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Pleistocene (Mount Hope); Panama Canal Zone. Plesiotypes—Cat. Nos. 7466, 7467, 70833, U.S.N.M. CALLOPORA PUMICOSA, new species Plate 3, Figure 7 Deseripiion.—The zoarium encrusts nullipores; it is formed essen- tially of a thin calcareous pellicle perforated by a very large number of polygonal pores arranged in irregular quincunx and supporting the zooecia. The latter are isolated, much separated from each other; they are convex, pyriform; the gymnocyst is large and smooth. The opesium is elliptical and not surrounded by a muralrim. The ovicell is globular, smooth, hyperstomial, operculated, and without any con- nection with the opercular valve. . fho=0.23 mm. Measurements.—Opesia\ =0.11 mm. Zooeciayy” Perce iz=0.30 mm. Observations.—The nature of the zooecial walls and of the frontal is that of Pyripora; but the ovicell is hyperstomial and there are no spines. This is one of the most curious species dredged by the Albatross; -the nature and function of the porous crust are absolutely unknown but nevertheless it is indeed an integral part of the colony, since the zooecia can communicate among themselves only through it. The biology of this species as of many other bryozoa, is absolutely enig- matical. Occurrence—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Holotype—Cat. No. 7468, U.S.N.M. 58513—28 3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 CALLOPORA CAUDATA, new species Plate 3, Figure 8 Description.—The zoarium encrusts corals, the zooecia are arranged in uniserial series, ramified at right angles; they are oval, provided with a smooth convex gymnocyst, and terminated by a long, very thin, caudal portion. The ovicell is large, globular, smooth, never closed by the operculum. ho=0.20 mm. lo=0.16 mm. Zooeeiayy ~~ 0.70—0.90 mm. lz =0.20-0.22 mm. Affinities —The form and structure are that of a Pyripora but there is present a hyperstomial ovicell. We have discovered in the Philippines another uniserial species, Callopora uniseriata, in which the dimensions are much larger and in which the caudal portion is very small. We do not see the necessity of creating a new genus for the recep- tion of this uniserial species in which all the functions are identical with those of other Callopora. Certain zooecia are simply deprived of lateral septules, a suppression which is simply the result of their special mode of development. Certain uniserial Cretaceous species considered as Pyripora are perhaps also Callopora but the number of specimens collected is not sufficiently large to positively affirm the nonexistence of an ovicell. Our specimens were living and ovicelled, January 17, 1885. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37'’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. . Holotype-—Cat. No. 7465, U.S.N.M. CALLOPORA TENUISSIMA, new species Plate 26, Figures 1, 2 Measurements. —Opesia Description—The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are dis- tinct, much elongated, elliptical, or fusiform. The mural rim is very thin, smooth. The opesium has the form of the zooecium. ~ The ovicell is small, globular, finely granular. The avicularium is falci- form, unguiculated with two small lateral denticles; it is placed in the proximal portion of a zooecium with aborted polypide. . (Lz=0.55—-0.60 mm. Measurements. —Looccial, 9 SHEDS 5A Lz=0.50-0.55 mm. lz=0.20-0.23 mm. Affiniives—The zooecia with aborted polypides are smaller and especially narrower than the ordinary zooecia. They are always primoserial, but all the primoserial zooecia do not bear avicularia. Aborted zooecia| ART, 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 35 In the genus Flabellaris Waters, 1898, there are frequently internal avicularia. They can not form a constant generic character, for Am- phiblestrum perminutum Hincks, 1880, contains analagous avicularia. This species differs from Callopora curvirostris Hincks, 1880, in the great delicacy of its mural rim and in the larger dimensions of the zooecia with aborted polypide. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2387, Gulf of Mexico; 29° 24’ .N.; 88° 04’ W.; 32 fms. Holotype —Cat. No. 7469, U.S.N.M. Genus CAULORAMPHUS Norman, 1903 CAULORAMPHUS OPERTUS, new species Plate 4, Figures 3-8 Description —The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are dis- tinct, separated by a deep furrow, at the bottom of which are small interjunctural pores; the mural rim is salient, very thick, and supports 10 pairs of wide thin spines covering the frontal and four large erect distal spines. The pedunculate avicularium is long, thin, and horn shaped. ho=0.20 mm. lo=0.10 mm. {L£z=0.40-0.50 mm. \lz=0.20-0.25 mm. Structure —The arrangement of the spines is quite unusual and does not resemble that of the spines observed in the other species of the genus. They are flat, almost adjacent, and are inserted in the angle between the dietellae; a very delicate central canalicule runs throughout their length. They are not erect but are recumbent and their ensemble forms a kind of roof above the ectocyst. The four distal spines are large, erect, and articulated at their base. The arrangement of the dietellae is not the arrangement studied by Norman and characterizing the genus. The dietellae are here parietal and completely surround the zooecium. The interjunctural pores are visible only on specimens boiled in Javelle water. They are analogous to those which we have observed in Hincksina and in Callopora. They are covered by the ectocyst. Our photographs give a good idea of this remarkable little species. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Cotypes —Cat. No. 7471, U.S.N.M. Genus MEMBRANIPORELLA Smitt, 1873 1920. Membraniporella Canu and Bassutur, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. Bull. 106, U.S. National Museum, p. 281. (Description and text figure.) Measurements—Opesia ZAoocecia 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 72 Structure —The frontal is formed by more or less coalesced spines; it is not covered by anectocyst. The real frontal ectocyst is arranged under the ensemble of costules; it bears the true aperture closed by a simple valve. Smitt, 1864, noted the flustrine nature of the genotype Lepralia nitida Johnston, 1848 (that is to say, the absence of a compensatrix), and figured (pl. 6, fig. 1) the parietal muscular system. Also in 1867 he placed it in Membranipora. Levinsen, 1909, established the ereat analogy of the genus Membraniporella with Callopora Gray, 1848. Finally, in the paleontologic evolution, the cribrimorphs began with Membranipora and have always accompanied them since the Cenomanian. There is then no longer any serious reason for putting the two groups in distinct families. The union of the spines above the ectocyst is only a manifestation of calcification and solely a par- ticular means of adaptation or of protection. Is this union of the spines such an essential function of the animal as to justify the crea- tion of a special genus? We still do not know. However, as this generic distinction appears to facilitate the determination, we main- tain it and recognize the genus Membraniporella, classing it in the Calloporidae. For the same reason we ought to create a cribrimorph genus corresponding to each of the membraniporoid genera provided with areal spines. We have some examples in the Hincksina stage. In the Membranipores the aperture is always bordered by a sclerite formed by the chitinous thickening of the ectocyst; the opercular valve closes exactly with the peripheral sclerite. In drawings of the oper- cular valve they are always separated in order to show their presence. The apertural sclerite no longer exits in the cribrimorphs, for it has become useless, the ectocyst adhering to the calcareous armature which surrounds the aperture. Our drawings of the valves of the cribrimorphs can then indicate only the single opercular sclerite. The visible exterior orifice is not the true aperture since the latter opens on the subadjacent ectocyst, but as it has exactly the same form it is the custom to name it also aperture. MEMBRANIPORELLA PETASUS, new species Plate 4, Figures 1, 2 Description—The zoarium encrusts nullipores and chitinous sponges. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elliptical, elongated, swollen; the frontal is quite convex; the costules are broad, flat, 9-10 in number, separated by linear lacunae in the mid- dle of their length and by small irregular lacunae in the vicinity of the median axis. The opesium is semielliptical, transverse, with a concave proximal border, larger and with the form of a hat on the ovicelled zooecia; the ‘peristome bears three or four short palmate bifid spines, of which the two lateral ones are wide and in the arnt.14. FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 37 form of a small bifid tongue. The ovicell is large, globular, smooth, hyperstomial. Measurements. —Aperture|7“ = OS10-mum. a=0.20 mm. Zooecialy* 0.5 mm, lz=0.40 mm. Structure—We have been able to observe only three small dead specimens, and our observations are necessarily restricted. In its arrangement the ovicell is perhaps not closed by the operculum, but we are not positively certain. It isformed of two calcareous pellicles; the superior pellicle is incomplete in front, leaving thus a small frontal cicatrix; it is completed on the two sides by the two bifid tongues, which are, moreover, intimately united. Its orifice is placed lower than the frontal mucro. The arrangement of the costules is not at all the ordinary disposi- tion observed in other species of Membraniporella; their extremities are united, leaving between them small, irregularly arranged lacunae. This ‘arrangement is due to the primitive form of the areal spines, which were probably flattened at their extremity like the oral spines. The aspect of the frontal is modified by the form of the spines and by their ramifications. ‘This form of spine in other Membranipores is never a generic character. There is then no serious reason for giving it here a more important significance. Norman, 1909, has noted at Maderia a variety intermedia of Membraniporella nitida John- ston, 1848, in which the frontal shows modifications quite similar. Affinities —This species differs from Membraniporella nitida inter- media Norman, 1909, in the presence of two oral bifid tongues and in the absence of avicularia. It differs from Cribrilina alcicornis Jullien, 1882, in which the orifice is also ornamented by four superb palmate spines, in less numerous and wider costules, and in the pres- ence of large linear lacunae. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’ W.; 201 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’” N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Cotypes—Cat. Nos. 7550, 7551, U.S.N.M. Genus CRIBRILINA Gray, 1848 The genus Cribrilina differs from Membraniporella in the closer spacing of the costules and in their smaller dimensions, their structure in spite of exterior appearances being essentially the same. This difference, including even the perforation of the ovicells in certain species of Cribrilina, is quite feeble. Certainly if this generic dis- tinction is maintained, we will find species with intermediate frontals very difficult to classify. At present we have not changed the 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 nomenclature because of the small number of recent species known. Moreover and in consequence of this observation, an exact determi- nation of a Cribrilina can be made only after a special preparation of its costular system. The number of specimens of the same species is almost always quite small and it is then often hard to destroy them in order to make the technical preparations; but it is necessary to decide in favor of science, which is becoming more and more exact. CRIBRILINA LINEATA, new species Plate 3, Figures 5, 6 Description —The zoarium encrusts nullipores; it is formed of isolated zooecia, arranged in linear series. ‘The zooecia are large, elliptical, elongated; the frontal is very convex surrounded by a kind of smooth gymnocyst to which the costules are attached; the costules are narrow, adjacent, and separated by very small and linear lacunae; they bear at their extremity a salient lumen pore; they are united on the median axis by a salient thread; they are 16 in number. The aperture is semielliptical, transverse, with concave proximal bor- der; the peristome bears two or three short, broad spines and two lateral tongues which develop and unite together sometimes to form an arch above the aperture. The ovicell is hyperstomial, closed by the operculum; it bears a large longitudinal keel and two lateral circular scars. ha=0.15 mm. la =0.25 mm. {£z=1.00 mm. z=0.60 mm. Structure——The opercular valve is very thin, the costules are thin and translucent; they are juxtaposed and separated sometimes by very narrow and linear lacunae; they bear an apparent lumen line and three or four small lumen pores; finally they are joined at their base and form the false gymnocyst which surrounds each zooecium. This structure is quite identical with that which Norman, 1908, fig- ured for Cribrilina annulata. Vie did not illustrate the lumen line because, as he wrote, the opaqueness of the costules prevented the view of it, but in the text he affirms its presence as well as that of the lumen pores. It should be noted also that the variety spitzber- gensis of the same species bears as here two lateral tongues to the aperture. Brology—Our specimens were in reproduction April 30, 1884. Each colony contains only a very small number of zooecia. The protective influence of the apertural arch is rather difficult to under- stand; we have observed it only on the ovicelled zooecia; it must retard very much the extrusion of the tentacles. Measurements.—Aperture| Zooecia arv.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 39 Affinities —This species is deprived of avicularia, but in the Costules their presence is not yet considered as of generic importance. Tor Cretaceous (Campanian) species very similar in aspect and ornament with an apertural arch Lang, 1922, created the genus Phrynopora. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2152, 2% miles northwest of - Habana Light, 387 fms.; coral. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7828, U.S.N.M. Genus ACANTHOCELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917 The costules bear a row of very prominent lumen pores and are separated by lacunae of greater or less size. The aperture is semiel- liptical; the ovicell is hyperstomial and closed by the opercular valve which is much chitinized. Genotype.—Cribrilina tubulifera Hincks, 1881. Range.—Eocene (Jacksonian)—Recent. Structure—We established this genus in 1917 from a study of fos- sil specimens from the Jacksonian of the Carolinas. We badly inter- preted the function of the opercular valve and we now modify the diagnosis in order to make it conform to the new observations made on recent specimens. This genus has the same general structure as Membraniporella and Cribrilina. The only difference is in the ornamentation of the cos- tules, which appears to us now of very small value, for it does not correspond to an important modification of an essential function of the zooecium. The ornamentation of the frontal depends exclusively on the form of the primitive spines, of simple specific value in Mem- braniporae as in the Flustridae. According to our principles of classification, these three genera form really only a single genus for which it is necessary to preserve the name of Cribrilina. The known species of this subgenus are as follows: Acanthocella tubulifera Hincks, 1881, Recent (Australia). Acanthocella suggerens Waters, 1881, Miocene (Australia). Acanthocella erinacea Canu and Bassler, 1922, Jacksonian (Carolina). Acanihocella clypeaia, new species, Recent (Florida). ACANTHOCELLA CLYPEATA, new species Plate 4, Figures 9, 10; text Figure 5 Description —The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are dis- tinct, elliptical, little elongated; the frontal is convex with the form of a shield; the costules, eight or nine in number are arranged trans- versely, separated by large lacunae, rectangular, decreasing in size toward the median zooecial axis; the trabeculae of junction are arranged concentrically around the frontal center; each costule bears three lumen pores of which the most exterior one is very salient and 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 in the form of a hollow spine. The aperture is semielliptical, trans- verse; the peristome, thin and salient, bears two or three short, cylin- drical hollow spines; the opercular valve is much chitinized. The ovicell is small, hyperstomial closed by the operculum. ha =0.08 mm. la=0.15 mm. Lz=0.50-0.55 mm. lz=0.35 mm. Structure.—The figured specimen, living when dredged, permits us to recognize the real structure of this elegant species. The chitinous ectocyst entirely covers the interior of the zooecium; its distal por- tion is calcified around the aperture and intimately united to the mural rim and to the first costules; the exterior orifice is therefore absolutely similar to the aperture. The opercular valve is much chitinized but it is not detachable. The costules are separated by very large lacunae; their lumen line is very apparent, but the lumen pores are not, although, on the con- trary, they are quite visible in a sf \ gD fe species from the Jacksonian. The PALER MATEO Wiss trabeculae have a longitudinal lumen : Cc line, and a transverse line of junction Fic. 5.—ACANTHOCELLA CLYPEATA, NEW SPE- iS very apparent. We have not ob- as Seren eas ne un served diatellae, but our preparation A ZOOECIUM. C. CRIBRILINA LINEATA, New Was incomplete. ‘The distal spines SPE CHEG, OPEECULUM, 88 have the same structure as the cose tules; this phenomenon appears to Measurements—Apertura Zooecial . be general in all the Costules. A ffinities.—This new species differs from Acanthocelia erinacea Canu and Bassler, 1922, in the presence of four pairs of transverse costules (and not six), in its much smaller dimensions, and in the very salient lateral lumen pores. It differs from Cribrilina tubulifera Hincks, 1881, in the much wider zooecia, in less numerous costules, and much larger lacunae. Biology—The species was in reproduction May 1, 1884. It is very rare. Occurrence—Albatross Station D. 2169, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10" 28" NE 827°20'° 27 We tims) corse Albatross Station D. 2373, Gulf of Mexico; 29° 14’ 00’’ N.; 85° 29’ 15’’ W.; 25 fms.; coral. Holotype—Cat. No. 7447, U.S.N.M. Family BUGULIDAE Gray, 1848 Genus BUGULA Oken, 1815 BUGULA (STIRPARIA) CARAIBICA Levinsen, 1909 1909. Bugula caraibica LevinseNn, Morphological Studies upon the Chil- ostomatous Bryozoa, p. 104, pl. 11, fig 2. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER Al 1914. Bugularia caraibica OspuRN, Bryozoa from the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 188. Ourspecimensarerare. They differ from Bugula microecia Osburn, 1914, in the absence of small oral avicularia and of distal spines on the dorsal. ‘‘Growing in loose tufts of a fine purple color’ (Osburn). Occurrence.—Alabatross Station D, 2413, Gulf of Mexico ;26° 00’ 00’’ N.; 82° 57’ 30’’ W.; 24 fms.; fine sand, black specks, broken shells. Tortugas (Osburn); St. Croix, Danish West Indies (Levinsen). BUGULA AVICULARIA Linnaeus, 1758 Plate 4, Figures 13, 14 1889. Bugula avicularia JELLY, A synomymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 22. (Bibliography.) 1912. Synnotum avicularia OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region. Bulletin Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 30 (1910), p. 226, pl. 21, fig. 27. This is a new species for the region of the Gulf of Mexico. It is known, however, from the Atlantic side of Greenland, from Canada, and the United States. The literature upon it is very large. The geographic distribution is still not yet complete. Our specimens were living and ovicelled. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2392, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 47’ 30” N.; 87° 27’ 00” W.; 724 fms.; brown-gray mud. Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7457, U.S.N.M. Genus DENDROBEANIA Levinsen, 1909 DENDROBEANIA LAMELLOSA, new species Plate 5, Figures 9-14 Description.—The zoarium is free, unilamellar, of large, broad ramified fronds. The radical fibers are attached on the two sides of the colony; the latter is chitinous. The zooecia are distinct, much elongated, somewhat fusiform; the proximal gymnocyst is very small and often absent; the mural rim is very thin and bears two distal spines and four to six lateral spines. The pedunculate avicularium is large, elongated, acuminated, with the shape of a kidney bean; the mandible is small, in the form of a small tongue. The ovicell is large, globular, smooth. {Lze=0.75 mm. \tz=0.35 mm. Afinities—The form and size of the avicularium being of specific importance in the different genera of this family, we give a photo- graph of that of the present species. Another photograph shows the structure and the mode of articulation of the spines. Measurements.—Zooecia 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 72 This species differs from Dendrobeania flabellata Gray, 1847, in the presence of numerous zooecial series on the branches and in the pres- ence of four to six lateral spines in addition to the pair of distal spines. It differs from D. murrayana Johnston, 1847, in its much wider fronds (3 to 4 mm.), in its larger spines, in the interopesial position of the avicularium, in the different form of the avicularium, in the absence of a dorsal sinuosity on the avicularium, and in the mandi- ble placed higher and never extending beyond the peduncule of the avicularium. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2354, east of Yucatan; 20° 59’ 30” N.; 86° 23’ 45” W.; 130 fms.; coral. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7487, U.S.N.M. Genus HALOPHILA Busk, 1852 HALOPHILA JOHNSTONIAE Gray, 1843 Plate 4, Figure 12 1872. Halophila jgohnstoniae Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, p. 17, pl. 5, fig. 47. 1889. Bugula johnstoniae Jetty, A synonymic catalogue of marine Bryozoa, p. 25. (Bibliography.) 1890. Halophila johnstoniae Kirkpatrick, Hydroida and Polyzoa. Collec- tion made in Torres Strait, Scientific Proceedings Royal Dublin Society, new ser., vol. 6, p. 611. 1926. Halophila johnstoniae Harmmr, Polyzoa “Siboga’’ Expedition, p. 449, pl. 30, fig. 14, pl. 31, figs. 19-21. (Ovicell.) Our specimens are rare but they were ovicelled. Desiccation deforms many of the cells; however, our photograph shows that the essential characters are still quite visible, permitting identification. Preparations in Canada balsam show the zooecial form better. Harmer, 1926, believes that two species have been confused under this name. He reduces considerably Miss Jelley’s bibliography and thinks that Ortman’s species of 1890 is (?) his Bugula longicauda. Our specimens correspond rigorously to the figure of Smitt, 1872. As we do not have the necessary elements for comparison, we are not able to modify the synonymy. The genus Halophila may be provisionally preserved, as the ovicell now known is somewhat divergent from typical Bugula. It isdeprived of avicularia. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 35’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Geographic disiribution.—Pacific: New Zealand (Gray); Bass Strait (Busk) and Torres Strait, Australia, 5-11 fathoms (Kirkpatrick); N. Celebes, 80 meters (Harmer). Plesiotypes—Cat. No. 7510, U.S.N.M. ant.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 43 Family SCRUPOCELLARIIDAE Levinsen, 1909 Genus SCRUPOCELLARIA Van Beneden, 1845 SCRUPOCELLARIA RETIFORMIS Pourtales, 1867 1872. Caberea retiformis Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kong. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, no. 11, p. 16, pl. 5, figs. 43-46. 1913. Canda retiformis Waters, Bryozoa from Zanzibar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, p. 479, p. 69, figs. 1, 2, 6. (Bibliography and geographic distribution.) 1914. Canda retiformis OsBuRN, Bryozoa from the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, no. 182, p. 192 (cited only). This species has not been found in America since 1872. We have observed some beautiful specimens. The differences from Canda caraibica Levinsen, 1909, have been given by Osburn, 1914. In accordance with Harmer’s studies, this species should be classified in Serupocellaria. Occurrence — Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Florida, 68 and 270 meters (Smitt). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Family HIANTOPORIDAE MacGillivray, 1895 Genus TREMOGASTERINA Canu, 1911 The ovicell is hyperstomial and closed by the operculum. The aperture bears two small cardelles; the operculum, often chitinized, is attached to the ectocyst; the peristome bears three to five hollow spines. The frontal is placed above the ectocyst; it is formed of an olocyst surmounted by arugose or granulated pleurocyst more or less developed; a central area is perforated by reniform pores. The zooecia are separated by interjunctural pores. Large adventitious avicularia appear between the apertures. Genotype.—Tremogasierina problematica Canu, 1911. Recent geno- type, Tremogasterina (Lepralia) celleporoides Busk, 1884. Range.—Cretaceous (Rocanean)—Recent. The known species are as follows: Tremogasterina (Lepralia) celleporoides Busk, 1884, Australia. Tremogasterina (Escharipora) mucronaia Smitt, 1872, Florida. Tremogasterina granulata, new species, Florida. Tremogasterina ventricosa, new species, Atlantic off Carolina. Tremogasterina lanceolata, new species, Gulf of Mexico. 44. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T2 Tremogasterina malleolus, new species, Gulf of Mexico. Tremogasterina problematica Canu, 1911, Rocanean of Argentina. Tremogasterina (Poricella) maconmca Canu, 1904, HKocene of Tunis. Tremogasierina horrida Canu and Bassler, 1923, Miocene of Florida. Tremogasterina truncatorostris Canu and Bassler, 1923, Miocene of San Domingo. Tremogasterina (Galeopsis) converus Canu and Bassler, 1920, Eocene (Midwayan). Tremogasterina (Lepralia) areolata Reuss, 1874, Tortonian of Austria. Tremogasterina (Cribrilina) cuspidata Canu and Bassler, 1923, Miocene of Cuba. Structure—We have been able to examine a number of recent specimens provided with their chitinous appendages but unfortunately dried. Never have we been able to see the superior ectocyst as in all the other escharian bryozoa (Ascophora). On the contrary, through the frontal pores we have always been able to distinguish the subja- cent ectocyst. Moreover, the proximal limit of the opercula being always indecisive, reveals its true nature as an opercular valve attached to the ectocyst. Nevertheless, the anatomical study, after decalcification, of specimens preserved in alcohol is very desirable. The calcification of the frontal is very difficult to understand. This frontal is formed essentially by an olocyst perforated in the middle by more or less scattered reniform pores, arranged in triangle or like a rose. The superior pleurocyst begins on the sides and invades almost all the frontal, leaving only in the middle an area in which are the reniform pores. We have not been able to observe young zooecia in formation on the zoarial margins nor have we observed directly the development of the pleurocyst. Smitt, 1872, in studying Tremogasterina mucronata seems to have been more for- tunate, but he is too brief. He remarks: As the calcification goes on, at first it fills up the furrows between the zooecia, marking their limits through irregular rows of secondary pores. At last the whole front side of the zooecia is covered by this layer, with the exception of a great hole in their middle into which the above-named lunate pores open themselves. The pleurocyst is clearly visible around the peristome and on all the ovicells. Removed from all endocystal elements, at least appar- ently so, its formation is absolutely mysterious. Lang, 1922, has shown an analogous development of secondary tissue in the cribri- morph Tricephalopora group. The chamber thus formed between the ectocyst and the calcified frontal appears to us to be a hypostege in connection with the hydrostatic function; it is a kind of external compensatrix. The entrance of water by the pores permits the extrusion of the tentacles while its exit allows their invagination. While in the other Anasca (Flustrines) the hyposteges communicate ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 45 easily among each other, here they are absolutely individual. This is a specialization which is complete in the Ascophora. Affinities —This genus has the structure of the Hiantoporidae in the presence of interjunctural pores and of the large avicularia but we have not seen traces of costules nor of areal spines. In the form of the frontal pores as well as the size of the distal spines, it belongs perhaps to the Arachnopusiidae, but we do not know yet if these two families are really distinct. Finally the presence of cardelles, which denotes the presence of a compensatrix in the Ascophora, indicates an ultimate and unexpected perfection. The place of the genus in the family Hiantoporidae is therefore very doubtful. Smitt, 1872, who was able to understand so well the relationships of the bryozoa, had the same doubts. He says: The present species, without doubt, comes nearest to the true Escharae. Their best systematic place, at least provisionally, will be in the beginning of the Escharine series. In support of this hypothesis we are able to cite the nature of the opercula, which are very close to those of the Petraludae. It is then very difficult to introduce the genus in a known family. We consider it provisionally as an ancestral form which engendered Arachnopusia and Hiantopora, and since we are ignorant of the larva, we prefer to class it doubtfully in the Hiantoporidae in order not to change the present nomenclature. We have added a second genotype to the genus so as to have a recent species represented. Lepralia celleporoides Busk, 1884, appears to have the greatest geographic distribution. We would have chosen Escharipora mucronata Smitt, 1872, which is the older, if we had had the good fortune to rediscover it. Distribution.—The different species of the genus have been observed at all depths from 12 to 448 meters. This bathymetric disposition has as a corollary a great geographic distribution. In fact the genus has been observed in the Atlantic, in the Pacific, and in the China Sea. Inthe Northern Hemisphere it does not go beyond the thirty- first parallel, and it is therefore a tropical genus. Its paleontologic distribution was consequently larger, and we have seen fossil repre- sentations in the Miocene (Tortonian) from Europe and even in the Eocene of Tunis. The oldest species is Cretaceous (Rocanean of Argentina). The genus appears then to have migrated from the Southern Hemisphere toward the Northern Hemisphere. Canu, 1923, has shown that the genus Mucronella, in which the first repre- sentatives have been found in the Cretaceous of Madagascar, has undergone the same phenomenon. TREMOGASTERINA GRANULATA, new species Plate 13, Figures 3, 4; Plate 33, Figure 2; text Figures 6 b-/ Description—The zoarium is unilamellar, often cylindrical. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a line of small interjunctural pores, 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 elongated, claviform; the frontal is much calcified, granulated, convex, perforated at the middle by a small pore (pseudoascopore). The aperture is suborbicular, somewhat elongated or a little transverse; the proximal border is concave; there are two salient cardelles at the bottom of the peristomie. The ovicell is hyperstomial, much imbed- ded in the distal zooecium, large, globular, formed of two calcareous superposed lamellae, the exterior of which is also much granulated; the orifice is large and closed by the operculum. The avicularia are large, triangular, much elongated, with a very thin beak and two lateral denticles. D F Fig. 6.—GENUS TREMOGASTERINA CANU, 1911, A. TREMOGASTERINA LANCEOLATA NEW SPECIES. OPERCULAR VALVE, X 85. B-F. TREMOGASTERINA GRANULATA, NEW SPECIES. B. ORDINARY OPERCULUM, X 85. C, OPERCULUM WITH THICK CHITINOUS BAND. D. ANOTHER FORM OF OPERCULUM, X 85. FH. MANDIBLE, X 85. F. LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH AN OVICELLED SPECIMEN, X 20. THE ZOOECIAL WALL IS MUCH CALCIFIED. THE OVICELL IS HYPERSTOMIAL, CLOSED BY THE OPERCULUM ha=0.20 mm. la =0.20 mm. Lz=0.75 mm. lz=0.385 mm. Ns culicit em =0.50 mm. lav =0.20 mm. Structure.—The opercular valve is much chitinized; it is orna- mented with a continuous sclerite distant from the border; it easily separates from the ectocyst but it is attached to it. It is therefore almost analagous to the operculum of Petraha. Each zooecium is adjacent to two avicularia. The frontal of the latter is very difficult to understand. On the interior the two cardelles are salient; the frontal is smooth and perforated by the two reniform pores or by three pores arranged in a triangle; the avicularia are not visible, and in spite of their exterior aspect they are clearly adventitious and probably have a zooecial function. Measurements—Aperture| Zooecia| ART, 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 47 When the calcification is not too intense, four spines are visible on the very thin peristome; the latter is altogether detached from the pleurocyst which covers the frontal; the latter phenomenon is, more- over, visible on all the species of the genus. The ectocyst is visible on the inner face of the colonies; it is not on the exterior face, but the specimens dredged alive have a beauti- . ful clear white color. On the fossil specimens the small cribriform area is little apparent and often closed; the small spines of the peristome are still visible. Affinities—This species differs from Tremogasterina mucronata Smitt, 1873, in the constant absence of the oral mucro and in the absence of three scattered pores on the frontal. It differs from Tre- mogasterina horrida Canu and Bassler, 1923, from the Miocene of Flor- ida in its larger dimensions, in its smaller cribriform area, in its smaller interjunctural pores, and in its unilamellar zoarium. The three species are very closely related. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla., 40 fms. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7603, 70863, U.S.N.M. TREMOGASTERINA VENTRICOSA, new species Plate 13, Figures 1, 2 Description —The zoarium encrusts nullipores. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a line of interjunctural pores, very large, ven- tricose; the frontal is convex, rugose, and often bears a large mucro in the vicinity of the aperture; a large orbicular concavity contains a variable number of small reniform pores arranged concentrically. The aperture is suborbicular, very little elongated; the peristome is very thin and accompanied by five beautiful hollow spines arranged above it. The ovicell is globular, very large, rugose. The avicularia are elliptical, very salient; their orifice is triangular with a complete pivot. ha=0.25 mm. Measurements —Aperture| 7” Glos Zooecial 7” =1.00 mm. lz=0.55 mm. : . ;Lav=0.45 mm. Avicularia) 7, Hoag ene Variations —This is a very variable species. The mucro is very inconstant, often absent; the number of small pores of the frontal area varies from one zooecium to another; the beak of the avicula- rium is very pointed or rounded; next to transverse zooecia there are 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 very elongated zooecia. Each avicularium is adjacent to three zo- oecia but rarely a zooecium is adjacent to two avicularia. Affinities.—Very close to Tremogasterina mucronata Smitt, 1873, in the presence of its frontal mucro, this present species differs in the presence of its concave cribriform area and in the occurrence of five instead of four spines. The figured specimen only has been found. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2672, Atlantic, east of Georgia; 31° 31’ 00’’ N.; 79° 05’ 00’’ W.; 277 fms.; coarse brown sand. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7601, U.S.N.M. TREMOGASTERINA LANCEOLATA, new species Plate 13, Figure 9; text Figure 6a Description—The zoarium encrusts nullipores. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a line of interjunctural pores, very elongated, elliptical; the frontal is convex, very finely granulated; it bears a cribriform concavity perforated by one to five pores. The aperture is pyriform, elongated; two small cardelles separate a large anter from a small, narrow, concave poster; the peristome is thin, salient, ornamented with three large hollow spines. The avicularia are very large, much elongated, lanceolated, with two denticles for pivot. {ha=0.17 mm. Wa =0.12 mm. Lz=0.80 mm. lz=0.30-0.50 mm. Lev=0.60 mm. lav =0.25 mm. Structure-—This is a very fragile species of which minute fragments only have been studied. When the frontal calcification is not too great, five pores are visible in the cribriform area; there is only one of them on the ealcified frontals. The operculum is very thin, absolutely indistinct in its proximal portion, and in consequence directly attached to the ectocyst; it bears an internal and complete sclerite characteristic of the genus. This species is very well characterized by its large lanceolate avicularia. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 38/’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 1438 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; 82° 18’ 48’’ W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7836, U.S.N.M. TREMOGASTERINA MALLEOLUS, new species Plate 13, Figures 5-8; Plate 33, Figure 8 Description.—The zoarium is unilamellar and appears to spread over large surfaces on algae. The zooecia are distinct, separated by Measurements —Aperture Zooeciay Avieularia| ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 49 a line of very small interjunctural pores; the frontal is convex, rugose, ornamented by three reniform pores arranged in a triangle. The aperture is suborbicular; the peristome is very thin and accompanied externally by four long hollow spines. The ovicell is enormous, glo- bular, rugose, embedded in the distal zooecium, closed by the opercu- lum. On the frontal a very salient mucro is developed; it is enlarged at its summit in the form of a hammer. The avicularia are small, with pivot; their beak is truncated. Measuremenits.—Aperture Ve =0.17 mm. la=0.17 mm. Zoooeiny) 7.9." mm. lz=0.50 mm. Variations.—The rich decoration of this species renders it very difficult to study and to figure; it appears to be adapted to quiet waters. The mucro is much attenuated in the convex portions of the -zoarium; it is, on the contrary, much developed in the concave por- tions; it shows, therefore, the general rule observed in all the other bryozoa. In the intensity of calcification the large frontal pores are obliter- ated and become little visible. Sporadically a normal zooecium is replaced by a gigantic avicu- larium of the same form as the others. Its length is also 0.75 mm. Each zooecium is adjacent to two avicularia of which one is always larger than the other. A fimities.—This new species differs very little from Tremogasterina truncatorostris Canu and Bassler, 1923, from the Miocene of Santo Domingo; its mucro is much more developed and its ovicell is smaller. Better fossil specimens may perhaps show the identity of the two species. Biology—tThe species was in reproduction and fixation on Febru- ary 29, 1884. . On the fossil specimens all the small ornamentation which surrounds the aperture disappears easily or is much attenuated. Nevertheless the species is still recognizable by its micrometric dimensions and its very polymorphic avicularia with truncated beak. The interjunc- tural pores are often visible on the inferior noncellular face. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2404, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 44’ 00’’ N.; 85° 16’ 00’ W.; 60 fms.; gray sand. Albatross Station D. 2136, Caribbean Sea; 17° 43’ 40’’ N.; 75° 38’ 25’’ W.; 52 fms.; coral, broken shells. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almi- rante Bay, Panama. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7602, 70864, U.S.N.M. 88513—22——_4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 72 TREMOGASTERINA SPARSIPOROSA, new species Plate 33, Figure 3 Description —The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are dis- tinct, separated by a furrow at the bottom of which interjunctural pores are visible, elongated, elliptical. The frontal is convex, finely granular, perforated by four or five round, irregular, separated pores and terminated by a cylindrical mucro more or less salient. The apertura is elliptical, elongated, bordered by a thin peristome. The avicularia are rather large, arranged between the aperture and in the axis of a distal zooecilum. They have a fragile pivot and their beak is truncated. The ovicell is globular, somewhat transverse, granular, not closed by the operculum. ha=0.18-0.20 mm. la =0.16-0.18 mm. Toca ae =0.75-0.90 mm. lz=0.45-0.50 mm. Affinities .—The avicularia are large when they surmount a distal zooecium; they are small in the contrary case. This new species differs from the recent Tremogasterina mucronata Smitt, 1873, in its round and nonconcentrically arranged pores and in its truncated avicularia. It differs from the recent Tremogasterina ventricosa in its narrow aperture, in its much smaller zooecia, and in its long and truncated avicularia. It differs from Tremogasterina malleolus in its round, more numerous, and more scattered pores and. in its greater micrometric dimensions. ‘The large avicularia measure 0.60 mm. by 0.26 mm. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almi- rante Bay, northwest Panama. Holotype —Cat. No. 70865, U.S.N.M. Genus TREMOPORA Ortmann, 1890 Measurements.—Aperturo| TREMOPORA RADICIFERA Hincks, 1881 1889. Membranipora radicifera Jetty, Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 162. @iiliceraphy) We have found only a small specimen of this species but it is yaa? cal and well preserved. The zooecia are separated by the interjunc- tural pores and on the dorsal there are small hydrostatic tuber- osities. The occurrence of this species in the recent Gulf of Mexico is quite probable. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almi- rante Bay, Panama. Distribution —A widespread species of recent times and in the Mio- cene of France, Austria, etc. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 5d Family AETEIDAE Smitt, 1867 Genus AETEA Lamouroux, 1812 AETEA TRUNCATA Landsborough, 1852 Plate 1, Figure 1; Plate 32, Figure 1 1914, Aeiea truncata OspuRrNn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 186. (Bibliography.) Common in shallow water and down to 5 fathoms, creeping over shells and seaweed (Osburn). A single specimen on shell. Harmer (“‘Siboga,” 1926) figures the position of the retracted polypide as well as the jointed filiform appendages which appear sporadically in this species. He proves also that the ovicells noted in the genus Aetea are not typical and that they are in reality exter- nal ovisacs analogous to those of the Ctenostome genus WNolella. Occurrence — Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’N.; 85° 02’ W.; 30 fms. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. AETEA SICA Couch, 1844 Plate 1, Figure 2 1914. Aetea sica Ospurn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 186. (Bibliography.) Tortugas at 10 fathoms on shells (Osburn). One specimen on shell. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2672, Atlantic, east of Georgia; 31° 31’ 00’’N.; 79° 5’ 00’’ W.; 277 fms.; coarse brown sand. Plesiotype—Cat. No. 7450, U.S.N.M. Division COILOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909 Family OPESIULIDAE Jullien, 1888 Subfamily ONYCHOCELLIDAE Jullien, 1881 Genus SMITTIPORA Jullien, 1881 Smitt (1872) gave two figures’ of his Vincularia abyssicola of which one (fig. 60, specimen encrusting a Retepora) shows only the zooecia with ectocyst and the large onychocellaria; in the text he does not describe zooecia without the ectocyst and the form of the opesium. Moreover the zooecia of Veluwmella americana covered with the ecto- cyst present absolutely and frequently the same aspect with three regular facettes noted by Jullien as characteristic. This peculiarity 7 We are not sure that the two figures given by Smitt (in Floridan Bryozoa) of Vincularia abyssicola belong to the same species; this description (of the genus Smittipora) refers solely to fig. 60. (Trans- lation after Jullien, Bulletin de la Societé Zoologique de France, vol. 6, 1881, p. 15.) 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou, TZ is due to the drying up of the ectocyst and has little connection with. the true form of the cryptocyst, for the zooecia without ectocyst have a simple salient mural rim often enlarged into facettes when the cryptocyst is deep. Moreover, the latter have very distinct and often deep opesiular indentations. It is likely that Figure 60 of Smitt corresponds to our Velumella americana but it has been distinctly picked out by Jullien as the type of his genus Smittipora, although unfortunately none of the Cretacecus species which he classes in the genus have either opesiular indentations or onychocellaria. We have made the same observations on our. Velumella philippinensis, new species. A dried ectocyst with facettes covers a cryptocyst with opesiular indentations surrounded by a rather regular mural rim and without corresponding facettes. The genus Smitivpora is therefore not established on sufficient characters since it is the manifest result of an error of interpretation of Smitt’s Figure 60. Tf Jullien had read closely Smitt’s text, he would have understood that this figure represented only the zooecia with ectocyst and did not reveal the form of the opesium. Logically, it is necessary then to exclude the genus Smittipora from the nomenclature. Since Figure 60 is incomplete and appears to represent another species, Figure 61 remains then the only representative of Vinceularia abyssicola. The structure revealed by Smitt’s drawing, in perfect accord with our photographs, is that which we have indicated in our genus Rectonychocella. There are no opesiular indentations to the eryptocyst; the opesium is elliptical or subelliptical; the opesiular muscles are placed very high, a little below the hinge of the opercular valve. The onychocellaria are very variable in form and size but they always have the same structure; they are small in Vancularia abyssicola, they are equal to the zooecia, and elliptical in Rectonycho- cella solida (genotype), and they are narrow and lanceolated in our specimens from the American Jacksonian. The genus Rectonychocella corresponds to the genus Ogwalhea Jullien, 1881, but with bimembranous onychocellaria. Our classification of 1922 is correct except that it is necessary to suppress the genus Diplopholos and place its species in Velumella. The zooecial dimorphism on which it was established is only appar- ent and results simply from the great irregularity of the opesium, a frequent and ordinary phenomenon in all the Onychocellidae. The following table gives a summary of our classification: Onychocellaria falciform: Opesiular indentations nonsymmetrical___.___._._._____------- Onychocella. ING) Gyavesi hulle wns Vay LeyayiennKeyalsje se Loh es a eee Ogivalia. Onychocellaria bimembranous: Opesiuvlarindentations -syaarme trical eee Velumelia. INo opesiulanindentationms tis. 4: osey2 sees ee haya ee saa Rectonychocella. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 53 Genus RECTONYCHOCELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917 RECTONYCHOCELLA ABYSSICOLA Smitt, 1873 Plate 5, Figures 1-3 1873. Vincularia abyssicola Smrtrt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 61 (not 60). 188i. Vincularia abyssicola Hincxs, Contributions, General History of Marine Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 7, p. 155 (sep. 42), pl. 10, fig. 4. 1882. Vincularia abyssicola Hincks, Annals and Magazine of Natural His- tory, ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 85. 1884. Smititpora abyssicola Hincxs, Annals and Magazine of Natural His- tory, ser. 5, vol. 18, p. 358 (sep. 114). 1887. Smittipora abyssicola Hincxs, Critical notes on the Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 19, pp. 161, 164. 1891. Onychocelia abyssicola Hincxs, Contributions. General History Ma- rine Polyzoa, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, vol. 5, PekT7. 1893. Onychocella abyssicola Hincxs, Annals and Magazice of Natural His- tory, ser. 6, vol. 11, p. 204. Measurements —Opesium|?” Soe oe lo=0.25 mm. Fis eig E27 0-75 mm. shes \le=0.50 mm. Structure —Our specimen is incrusting, but grows into free, cylin- drical stems formed of six longitudinal series of zooecia, conforming perfectly thus with the specimen studied and figured by Smitt. The mural rim is somewhat salient, but it is often absent, and the zooecia are then separated by a furrow. The cryptocyst is convex and finely granulated. The opesium is often marginated, either reg- ularly elliptical or presenting only a concave proximal border. The onychocellarium is much smaller than the zooecia; it is ogival and rather irregular in its dimensions. Smitt’s specimen appears to bear somewhat larger onychocellaria—the only appreciable difference. The micrometric dimensions are quite variable. We have meas- ured a large zooecium of 1.00 mm. by 0.75 mm. and small opesia of 0.20 by 0.15 mm. ; A small portion was covered by the ectocyst, and we were thus able to prepare the opercular valve. It is exactly similar to that figured for Velumeila by Levinsen, 1909. The attachments of the opesiular muscles are at the same place. The figure of Nordgaard for Rectonychocella solida appears to us then incomplete in its infe- rior part. The ancestrula is small and surrounded by five very irregular zooecia. Affinities.—This species differs from the genotype Rectonychocella solida Nordgaard, 1907,in the presence of much smaller onychocellaria. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 Our photograph is very similar to Smitt’s Figure 61. The opesium is elongated, without opesiular indentations, with concave proximal border. The onychocellaria are small, and the mandible is narrow. Harmer, 1926, represents Smiitipora abyssicola as having a transverse opesium with two opesiular indentations, with a convex proximal border in which the onychocellarium is large and the mandible is very broad. These characters, absolutely opposed to those which we have observed on Smitt’s species, causes us to reject his determi- nation. We give the new name Velumella harmeriana to the species figured by him, which is distinct also in its opesium and its mandible from Velumella levinsent. The figure of Hincks, 1881 (Singapore or Philippines), conforms also to the drawing of Smitt. Perhaps the slight difference observed in the form of the mandible would authorize the formation of a vari- ety or of a distinct species. We do not understand why Harmer compared this species with his Smittipora cordiformis found by him in the Malay region. The opesium is not elongated there; its proxi- mal border is concave with feeble opesiular indentations, the onycho- cellarium is large, and the mandible is very broad. We have not accepted the synonymy of Harmer, and we refer to his species as Velumella cordiformis Harmer, 1926. Biology.—The considerable reduction of the onychocellarium, com- paved with the dimensions measured on other specimens of the genus, seem to indicate that Rectonychocella abyssicola lives in a rather rapid marine current. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2152, 2144 miles northwest of Florida, Habana Light; 387 fms.; coral. 110 meters, on a Nullipore (Smitt); off Cojima, Cuba, 628 meters (Hincks). Plesiotype—Cat. No. 7576, U.S.N.M. Genus VELUMELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917 VELUMELLA AMERICANA, new species Plate 6, Figures 9, 10; text Figure 7 1873. Vincularia abyssicola Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt.2. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, No. 4, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 60 (not 61). 1914. Smittipora abyssicola OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Flor- ida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 195. Description —The zoarium encrusts shells, serpulae, and especially nullipores. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, hexagonal, elongated, often ogival; the mural rim is thin in its distal part, enlarged laterally into facettes along the sides according to the depth of the cryptocyst; the cryptocyst is concave longitudinally, smooth, more or less deep. The opesium is large, somewhat elongated, art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 55 semielliptical, with a convex proximal border and two rather deep lateral opesiular indentations; it is surrounded by a very little sali- ent cushion. The ovicell is small and endozooecial. The onycho- cellarium is as large as the adjacent zooecia, elliptical or fusiform; its opesium is oval, the point below; the mandibleis large, ornamented with two membraneous wings forming an oval ensemble attached to a rachis triangular proximally and setiform at its extremity. ho=0.25 mm. lo=0.25 mm. (with opesiules). Lz=0.70-0.80 mm. lz=0.40-0.50 mm. Variations.—Not a zooecium resembles its neighbor nor does a single onychocellarium resemble another; polymorphism is consid- ~ erable. The frontal bears three facettes—a median facette formed by the cryptocyst and two lateral facettes formed by the enlarge- @ ment of the mural rim ) but they are not regular. The orientation of the \ zooecia 1S indecisive, a phenomenon rather rare in the encrusting bryo- zoa and caused here by the presence of certain zooecia which engender two or three equal zoo- ecia and by the position of many onychocellaria intercalated sporadic- Measuremenis.—Opesium Zooecia B Cc ally between two ad- : . : Fic. 7—VELUMELLA AMERICANA NEW SPECIES. A. PORTION OF jacen t lo ng tud 1n al THE ECTOCYST, X 85, COVERING THE OPESIUM, SHOWING THE series. APERTURAL STRUCTURE. B. DRAWING, X 85. C. MANDIBLE Stru cture eae DN e ecto- OF THE ONYCHOCELLARIUM WITH THE ELEVATOR AND OCCLUSOR MUSCLES, X 85 cystisthick. The oper- cular valve is completely surrounded by a kind of peristome formed by the small cushion which surrounds the opesium; it is itself bor- dered distally and laterally by a little thickened sclerite but of a deeper color. The dimensions are rather constant and slightly transverse, namely, length of opercular valve 0.16 mm.; width, 0.16 to 0.18 mm. The aperture exactly closed by the valve is bordered by a large scler- ite, placed on the internal side of the cushion and attached to the two extremities of the opercular sclerite. On the external side of the 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 72 opesial cushion there is another exterior sclerite prolonged under the valve up to the opesiule. This character is little visible on the photo- graph, for it is manifested especially by a slight modification in the color of the ectocyst. When the ectocyst is dried, it is supported on the facettes of the frontal and assumes the aspect of Smitt’s Fig- ure 60 but with much less regularity; this appearance causes us to suppose that it represents more the present species than that shown in Figure 61. On the same dried ectocyst the trace of opesiular muscles is indicated by two small concavities placed exactly at the level of the opesiular indentations. The onychocellarium is provided with a large bimembranous man- dible. The membrane is very thin and oval. When the mandible is raised it hides a part of the distal zooecium; when it is lowered it hides entirely the cryptocyst of the onychocellarium® and the rachis is inserted in the groove which separates the two proximal zooecia; the free portion of the rachis is very flexible and takes different forms. Two vigorous pairs of muscles move the mandible. Each onycho- cellarium is fundamentally pentagonal, for it is always adjacent to five zooecia. It is only very exceptionally and in the vicinity of the ancestrula that it is lozenge-shaped and adjacent to four zooecia. Biology—The ectocyst alone is colored yellow. Our living spec- imens were in reproduction from January to May, 1885. We have not found parasites on the living specimens. Affinities —This species differs from Velumelia pusilla, new species, in its much larger dimensions and in the large oval membranes of the mandibles. It differs from Rectonychocella elongata of the Miocene of North Carolina in the constant presence of opesiular indentations. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2322, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; 82° 17’ 45’ W.; 115 fms.; coral. Albaiross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla., 64 miles from Florida; 77 meters (Smitt), Tortugas; low water to 24 meters (Osburn). Cotypes—Cat. No. 7612, U.S.N.M. Subfamily MICROPORIDAE Hincks, 1880 Genus DACRYONELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917 The polypidian convexity protrudes very little and is inconstant. The opesiules are large, round, lateral indentations. The ovicell is endozooecial. There are no opesial processes (therefore an opercular § This phenomenon is general in all the Opesiulidae. We have found it in the mandibular opercula of Sieganoporelia and in opercular mandibles of Siphonoporella. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 57 valve). The opesium is elongated (therefore the parietal muscles are much developed). The avicularia are very small, constant, placed in all the interzooecial angles, and have the form of small tear drops. Genotype.—Dacryonella octonaria Canu and Bassler, 1917. Recent genotype, Dacryonella typica new species. Range.—Cretaceous (Santonian)—Recent. Structure —In 1920 we pointed out the morphologic characters of this genus based on a fossil species found in the Hocene (Jacksonian). The study of recent specimens has entirely confirmed our deductions and we have no changes to make. However, it is preferable to accept for a second genotype a recent species from the Gulf of Mexico which will always be easy to procure for further study relative to the anat- omy or to the larval system. We have discovered four other recent species in the Philippines——Dacryonella ogivalina, D. papiilata, D. trapezoides, and D. subvespertilio. Up to the present this is a tropical genus. The presence in the European Cretaceous (Santonian) of the island of Riigen indicates the warmth of the Cretaceous seas of Hurope and how important for the paleontologist is the study of the recent equatorial faunas. DACRYONELLA TYPICA, new species Plate 5, Figures 4-8; Plate 32, Figures 11, 12; text Figure 8a Deseription—The zoarium encrusts other bryozoa, hydrocorailines, corals, serpulae, and nullipores. The zooecia are distinct, separated by an elongated furrow, pyriform; the mura! rim is thin, salient, much attenuated in the proximal part of the zooecium; the crypto- cyst issmooth, shallow, somewhat convex. The opesium is elongated, pyriform, limited by the mural rim; the proximal border is more or less convex. The ovicell is small, endozooecial, convex, smooth. The small interzooecial avicularia are thin, elongated, triangular, very constant. Measurements. —Opesium| (AU ues \lo=0.15 mm. Zoooeinl) ” =0.45 mm. lz=0.30 mm. Variations —Our measurements are average for the variations are so great on the same colony that it is impossible to give them accu- rately. The species of this genus are, moreover, quite variable; it is very difficult to differentiate those with nearly similar measurements, and one must have several specimens to make an exact determination. The ancestrular zooecia have a small opesium with a large crypto- cyst; the marginal zooecia have a very large opesium and a small cryptocyst. Structure.—The lateral indentations of the opesium appear to indi- cate the place of the opesiular muscles, but we have not been able to 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 confirm this because our specimens had become dried. The ectocyst, moreover, is very thin. The opercular valve is semielliptical, trans- verse, and measures about 0.12 mm. by 0.07 mm.; on our prepara- tions it appears thicker in its median portion. ‘The small avicularia measure at the maximum 0.10 mm. by 0.05 mm.; we do not under- stand their utility for zooecia relatively so large. Affinities —This recent species differs from Dacryonella octonaria Canu and Bassler, 1917, of the Eocene (Jacksonian) in its oval ope- sium, its deeper opesiular indentations, and its unilamellar zoarium. Biology—The colonies have a light rose color. Our specimens were dredged alive i C) Ges and were in repro- { () = duction January 17, = 2 B C D 1885. This is aspe- Fig. 8.—OPERCULAR VALVES OF OPESIULAE. A. DACRYONELLA TYPICA, cies of deep waters NEW SPECIES. VALVE SOMEWHAT THICKENED IN THE MIDDLE. B- and a commensal of FLORIDINELLA TYPICA, NEW SPECIES. C, D. FLORIDINA ANTIQUA : SMITT, 1873. H. MICROPORA CORIACEA ESPER, 1791 the marine currents. We have observed some cases of total regeneration in the vicinity of the ancestrula. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37” N.; 82° 20’ 06” W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 39” N.; 82° 18’ 48” W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Albatross Station D. 2160, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 31” IN; 82°. 204 37% Wes 167 tms:;corale Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almi- rante Bay, Panama. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7484, 7485, 70838, U.S.N.M. Genus FLORIDINELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917 The ovicell is endozooecial and separated from the zooecia by a fold. The polypidian convexity is not prominent. The opesiular indentations are large and rounded. The opesium is constricted by two symmetrical lateral teeth at the level of the opercular articula- tion. Genotype.—Floridinella vicksburgica Canu and Bassler, 1917. Re- cent genotype, I. typica, new species. We based this genus on fossil specimens from the Oligocene (Vicks- burgian), but the study of recent specimens has not caused us to make any changes in our diagnosis. As in similar cases, the recent species should be accepted as a second genotype. The opercular valve is supported on two small lateral condyles, but it is always adjacent to the mural rim. In Floridina, on the con- trary, it is isolated from the mural rim. Moreover, on our specimens ART, 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 59 we have never observed onychocellaria. This absence of adventitious organs appears to indicate a genus which is commensal in the great marine currents. FLORIDINELLA TYPICA, new species Plate 6, Figures 6, 7; text Figure 8b Description—The zoarium encrusts shells and nullipores. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, irregularly oval, some- what elongated; the mural rim is very thin, smooth, salient, com- plete; the cryptocyst is shallow, flat, granulated. The opesium is large, subtrifoliated; the proximal border is concave or convex with very small opesiular indentations; the two lateral condyles are small and deep. ‘The ovicell is endozooecial, small, little salient. There are frequently small interzooecial tuberosities. fha=0.08 mm. (la =0.14 mm. Zooecial, “9° mm. lz=0.40 mm. Variations.—This species is very irregular in its micrometric meas- urements, but its general aspect is rather constant. The two lateral condyles on which the opercular valve is supported are not always very apparent, for they are deeply located and attached to the infe- rior part of the mural rim. The small interzooecial tuberosities, although sporadic, are very characteristic. The opesiular indenta- tions are not always visible, for the proximal border of the opesium is often concave. This species is not so beautiful, so vigorous, or so characteristic as the fossil genotype, Floridinella vicksburgica, but as it is the only recent species to be procured in abundance we have chosen it as the recent type of the genus. Biology.—Our living specimens were ovicelled. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’”’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Cotypes—Cat. No. 7497, U.S.N.M. FLORIDINELLA PARVULA, new species Measurements —Opercular valve Plate 6, Figure 8 Description—The zoarium encrusts nullipores and gastropod mol- ‘lusks. The zooecia are small, distinct, separated by a deep furrow, oval, short; the mural rim is thin, small salient, much attenuated proxi- mally; the cryptocyst is short, flat, shallow. The opesium is oval, elongated, trifoliate; the two lateral condyles are salient; the proxi- mal border is convex with two irregular opesiular indentations. The 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 ovicell is small and endozooecial. Sometimes small tubercles appear sporadically between the zooecia. ; ho=0.12 mm. Measurements —Opesium) ig any epee Lz=0.25 mm. lz=0.20 mm. Biology.—All of our specimens were dead. The number of species of bryozoa which encrust gastropods is rather restricted, and they are generally small. They appear to find in the irregularities of the sur- face of mollusks conditions unfavorable to their development. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’” N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Holotype—Cat. No. 7498, U.S.N.M. Genus FLORIDINA Jullien, 1881 Zooocial The retractor muscles of the polypide are attached in the median axis of the zooecium. The opesiular indentations are symmetrical, very large, limited above by the two very salient opesial processes and placed on each side of a much produced, semitubular, polypidian convexity. The zooecium is closed by an operculum attached to the ectocyst; the opercular axis of rotation is located above the two opesial processes. The onychocellaria are straight, without the small distal canal, rounded at their apex; the mandible is bimem- branous. Ovicell endozooecial. The genus Floridina is apparently restricted to the equatorial zone in the Gulf of Mexico for it has not yet been found in any other lo- cality. We have observed it fossil in the Jacksonian of Mississippi, Georgia, and North Carolina. It disappeared in the Vicksburgian of Alabama and Mississippi, probably due to cooling of the tem- perature. FLORIDINA ANTIQUA Smitt, 1873 Plate 6, Figure 1; text Figures 8c, d 1873. Mollia antiqua Smaitr, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 73 (not Busk 1853). 1881. Floridina antiqua JuuLtimNn, Nouvelle division des Bryozoaires cheilo- stomiens. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, vol. 6, p. 14. Structure—The microporoid structure of this species did not escape Smitt who allied it with the group Micropora, Thalamoporella, and Steganoporella with a certainty really remarkable at an epoch when the anatomical studies were still much restricted. Jullien in 1881 and 1888 was the first to discover the function of the opesiular muscles and to determine the structure of the frontal. Our generic definition of 1920 is correct, as our new study of the genotype confirms it. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 61 The ectocyst entirely surrounds the zooecium; a sclerite little thick- ened surrounds the termen of the mural rim. The aperture, semi- elliptical and transverse, is bordered with a strong sclerite in which the sclerite of the opercular valve is exactly inserted. We are obliged to separate these two sclerites on our figures in order to show their independence, but on the specimen it is impossible to separate them. The opercular valve is supported laterally on the two condyles of the opesium. It is always removed from the mural rim, especially laterally. ‘The attachments of the opeciular muscles are indicated in the opercular preparations by two black peints rather removed from the hinge joint of the valve. The opesium, very constant in its general form, is very irregular in its dimensions; the two lateral condyles are large and salient. The mural rim is salient and the cryptocyst is somewhat granulated. The onychocellarium is oval, often triangular in its distal portion. The two membraneous wings of the mandible are very fragile and we have not yet been able to make a good preparation of them. In 1920 we determined as Floridina aniiqua a Jacksonian species much larger and much more vigorous. We were deceived by the enlargement of the figure of Smitt, who has never given the magnifica- tion of his drawing. It is necessary then to change the name of the fossil species to which we here apply the new name floridina robusta. ho=0.14-0.16 mm. lo=0.20 mm. £Lz=0.40-0.50 mm. lz=0.40 mm. ho=0.08 mm. lo=0.10 mm. hon=0.30 mm. lon = 0.16-0.20 mm. Biology.—Our living specimens were ovicelled April 9, 1885. The ectocyst only is pigmented with a clear brown. This color is not constant and depends on the substratum, for one of our specimens is rose colored on one side and green on the other, according to the color of the nullipore which it encrusts. The greater part of the time the pigmentation appears to be that of the phytoplancton. To the present time this species has not been dredged from great depths. . Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Florida, 47-71 meters (Smitt). Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7495, 7496, U.S.N.M. Measurements —Opesium| Zooeciay Opercular valve| Onychocellaria| 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72° Genus MICROPORA Gray, 1848 MICROPORA CORIACEA Esper, 1791 Text Figure 8e 1873. Micropora coriacea Surrt, Floridan Bryozoa. pt. 2. Kongl. Svenska. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 18, pl. 2, 1920. ine eee Canu and Bassuer, North American Early Terti- ary Bryozoa. Bull. 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 235, pl. 4 figs. 20-22. (Bibliography, geographic and geologic distribution. ) {ha =0.06 mm. la =0.12 mm. Lz=0.44-0.50 mm. lz =0.26-0.30 mm. Variations —Our micrometric measurements are a little less than those exhibited on the fossil specimens; they, however, conform to the usual variations of the species. The aperture is closed by a true light-colored very simple opercu- lum which we have illustrated. Smitt gave its length 0.12-0.16 mm. in conformity with our measurements. Biology — Our specimens encrust shells and nullipores. Many of them were living and ovicelled in March and April, 1885. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Florida, 58 to 218 meters (Smitt). Family CALPENSIIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1923 Genus HEMISEPTELLA Levinsen, 1909 Measurements —A perture Zooccia| HEMISEPTELLA DENTICULATA Smitt, 1873 Plate 9, Figure 9 1873. Biflusira denticulata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 18, pl. 4, figs. 89-91. Measurements (after Smitt).— ho=? lo=0.10 mm. {Lz=0.58 mm. Uz=0.28 mm. Structure.—The figures of Smitt are perfectly exact. We class the species in Hemisepiella because of the presence of opesial spicules, but we have not seen the trace of opesiular muscles on the ectocyst. The Operculum| Zooecia art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 63 irregularity of the proximal portion of the opesium indicates that the retractor muscles of the polypide are not attached to the zooecial median axis. The ectocyst is light colored when it is not pink, very thin, and almost transparent. Biology—The colony expands often over large surfaces and one of our specimens measured 4 by 2 centimeters. It becomes pigmented easily. Smitt cited the cryptocyst as being of a marine-bluish hue; one of our specimens was rose and green and covered by a flesh-colored ectocyst. We have observed colonies developed on the two sides of a dead shell. This is a phenomenon that is not rare, but the explanation of it is difficult. It is necessary to admit either an accidental turning of the shell or its vertical position between two stones which serve to support it. This is almost a littoral species. Occurrence—Tortugas, Florida, 16 meters (Smitt); Punta Rosa, Florida. Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 7513, U.S.N.M. BHEMISEPTELLA HEXAGONALIS, new species Plate 28, Figure 9 Description.—The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a very thin and shallow furrow, hexagonal, somewhat elongated; the mural rim is thin and finely granulated; the cryptocyst is concave, little developed, much smaller than the opesium, granu- lated. The opesium is large, elongated, dissymetric in its proximal portion, often subtrifoliate; it is bordered by short and widely spaced spicules. In all the interzocecial angles there is a large smooth and hollow tubercle. ho=0.30 mm. lo=0.24 mm. Lz=0.45 mm. lz=0.35mm. Affinities —The micrometric dimensions are quite variable; of the primoserial, adjacent zooecia, there is one of them always shorter. The initial zooecium of a series 1s frequently broader. ‘The crypto- cyst is little developed on the marginal zooecia. This species differs from Hemiseptella (Brflustra) denticulata Smitt, 1873, in its granulated and much smaller cryptocyst. It differs from Membranipora denticulaia Busk, 1856, of Mazatlan in the presence of large tubercles and in its hexagonal zooecia. It differs from Hemi- septella tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1923, from the Pleistocene of South Carolina in its much larger dimensions. The very special form of the opesitum does not permit us to compare this species with Nit- scheina (Membranipora) of the membranacea group. Measurements.—Opesium Zooecium 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 72 Occurrence.—Albaiross Station D. 2619, western Atlantic; 33° 38’ N.; 77° 36’ W.; 15 fms.; coarse yellow sand and broken shells. Holotype —Cat. No. 7512, U.S.N.M. Genus CUPULARIA Lamouroux, 1821 CUPULARIA DOMA D’Orbigny, 1852 Plate 6, Figures 2-5 1923. Cupularia doma Canu and Basser, North America Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Museum, p. 77, pl. 1, fig. 18, pl. 15, figs. 1-5. The reader is referred to our work of 1923 for the bibliography and remarks upon this species which, although associated in the recent and ancient Gulf of Mexico with the widespread C. umbellaia De- france, 1823, is readily distinguished by its more conical form and its spinous processes not joined together. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Florida, 47 meters (Smitt). Plesiotypes—Cat. No. 7830, U.S.N.M. CUPULARIA UMBELLATA Defrance, 1823 Plate 7, Figures 1-3 1914. Cupularia lowet OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, no. 182, p. 194. Our specimens from the Gulf of Mexico are not as fully developed as the European fossil specimens, for in the French Redonnian it is not rare to find zoaria 1 centimeter in diameter. This species is so common that we are convinced many variations are possible. It appeared with the inauguration of the Miocene and it has rapidly propagated in the Atlantic, but on the American side is now much less common and is in course of extinction. Occurrence.—V arious localities in the Gulf of Mexico; Tortugas, 19-35 meters (Osburn); Florida, 47 meters (Smitt), Atlantic; Beau- fort, N. C. (Osburn); Cape Fear River, 11 meters (Smitt). Plestotypes —Cat. No. 7831, U.S.N.M. Family STEGANOPORELLIDAE Hincks, 1884 Genus STEGANOPORELLA Smitt, 1873 STEGANOPORELLA MAGNILABRIS Busk, 1854 Plate 7, Figures 8-10; Plate 32, Figure 6 1923. Steganoporella magnilabris Canu and BassiER, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Museum, p. 63, pl. 14, figs. 12, 18. (Bibliography.) 1926. Steganoporella magnilabris Harmur, Polyzoa ‘‘Siboga’”’? Expedition, pt. 2, p. 277, pl. 17, figs. 1-3, 7, 9, 12, text fig. 10. (Bibliography and anatomical studies.) art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 65 ho=0.40-0.45 mm. =0.50 mm. [0.60 mm. (0.75 mm. fhe=1.00 mm. Zooecia Ai, 9976 mms 5 1.25-1.50 mm. Zooecia Bits ee Structure.—Since the fine work of Harmer, 1890, and that of Waters, 1913, the internal structure of this remarkable animal is now very well known. We agree eres with the masterly work of Harmer, 1926. The ectocyst, naturally light cote is thick and entirely covers all the zooecia; it is smooth but generally dirty. The hinge of the operculum is placa at the level of the orifice of the polypidian tube. The trace of opesiular muscles is quite visible and revealed by two concavities symmetrically disposed on the dried specimens. The structure of the A opercula is quite special and well known; but that of the B opercula has been up to the present poorly inter- preted because absolutely unexpected. In short, it is the structure of an avicularium with its rachis with two small pillars arranged in a triangle. It is therefore a mandibular operculum. It fills the triple function of assuring the closing of the zooecium, the entrance of the hypostege and oxygenation compatible with the extreme vigor of the zooecia. The hooks of the peripheral sclerite grip the mural rim and assure the closing. The size of this mandibular operculum is exactly that of the cryptocyst which it covers entirely and exactly when the cell is open. | The occlusur muscles of the A opercula are attached to the longi- tudinal sclerites and at the level of the superior extremity of the tentacular sheath; they form three vigorous bundles; we reproduce an unretouched photograph. When the mandibular B operculum is open all the interior of the cell thus visible is lined by a membranous cryptocyst covering the entire muscular system and perforated only at the level of the polypidian tube for the passage of the numerous tentacles. Variations —The micrometric variations are considerable. Smitt had already in 1872 discovered that the size of the opercula varied from 0.40 to 0.86 mm. The figures of Harmer, 1890, indicate much greater variations. Our specimens from the Philippines have zooecial dimensions much smaller; those from Honolulu are still smaller. It is then in the Gulf of Mexico that the species devel- oped best and Harmer cited the large dimensions of the specimens from Jamaica. 58513—28——5 Measurements —Operculum (A zooecia)| Operculum (B zooecia) 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Biology.—According to Osburn, the zoarium encrusts shells, coral, and sponges. All our specimens were unilamellar and free; they creep over fragile, destructible, or easily detached organisms. The ectocyst is, according to the rule, light colored; it is of the same color as the nullipores on which the zoarium is often attached; we have thus the beautiful rose-tinted specimens attached to nulli- pores of the same color. Moreover, “‘the color varies from pink to reddish brown’’ (Osburn). The ovisac containing the eggs and embryos is placed in the distal portion of the ordinary (not mandibular) zooecia in the vicinity of the vestibule. The spermatic cells are dispersed in the general cav- ity of the two kinds of zooecia. Because of its large dimensions, this species even when living is easily encrusted by the small species of bryozoa. The latter develop very rapidly on the ectocyst; they are not in the least disturbed by the movement of the mandibular operculum which they impede when the latter remained closed for a long time. We have several colonies dredged alive on which three or four cellules are entirely covered and rendered immobile by the small Membranipores or Crib- rimorphs. The instinct of the larvae of these parasites is quite re- markable, for they appear to understand that the large animals can subsist only when in the midst of great planctonic richness. This is a species of shallow water from 15 to 50 meters. Jt can live at greater depths; Ortman noted it from Japan to 320 meters and we ourselves have observed it from the Philippines at 283 and 372 meters, but these are the exceptional cases in which the specimens are rare or dead. It is very vigorous and almost universal, for it has been observed in all the oceans. It is especially equatorial, but it passes beyond the Tropics, for it is found in the Pacific as far as Japan and the Sandwich Islands. As it does not encircle a single continent, it must have found a passage of dissemination in the ancient seas. In fact, it is already known in the fossil state in the American and Australian Miocene. Perhaps our Steganoporella parvula from the lower Miocene of Bowden, Jamaica, is the primitive and ancestral variety. In Europe it is replaced by the superb Steg- anoporella elegans Milne Edwards, 1838, very common in all the Miocene formations. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2324 north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 25’’ N.; 82° 20/ 24’".-W.; 33:fms:; coral. Albatross Station 2327, north of Cuba; 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; 82° 17’ 54’ W.; 182 fms.; fine brown sand. Albatross Station D. 2365, east of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00’ N.; 87° 04’ 00’’ W.; 24 fms.; white rock coral. Albatross ‘Stuaion D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico, 28° 44” 00’’ N.; 85° 16’ 00’’ W.; gray sand. art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 67 Albatross Station D. 2639 Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’” N.- 80° 15/107’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla., 40 fms. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Florida, 24-60 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 24 meters (Osburn); Caribbean Sea, Pedro Bank, Jamaica, 16-19 m. (Harmer); St. Vincent (Harmer). Atlan- tic; Bermuda (Verril). Geographic distribution —Atlantic: Abrothos Island, Brazil, 32 meters. Pacific: Honolulu, 32-64 meters; Port Molle, Queensland, 18-32 meters; Torres Strait, 16-32 meters; various localities in the Malay Peninsula and the Philippines; Japan, slight depth to 320 meters; China Sea, Singapore, 19 meters; Tizard Reef, 43 meters; Borneo and Hong Kong. Indian Ocean: Almirante Island, 32-40 meters; Wasin, British East Africa, 16 meters; Chuaka, Zanzibar Channel, 3 meters. Geologic distribution.—Miocene and Pliocene of Florida. Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7597, 7598, 70860, U.S.N.M. STEGANOPORELLA BREVIS, new species Plate 32, Figure 7 Description—The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are dis- tinct, united by their mural rim, little elongated, short, rectangular or hexagonal; the interior mural rim is wide, finely granulated, oblique; the cryptocyst is large, concave, smooth. ‘The opesium is semiellip- tical, transverse, limited distally by a vestibular arch; the polypidan tube is small, median, little salient, placed between the two opesiules. The large zooecia (B) have the form of an 8; the opesium is very large; the distal plate is very small and reduced to an arched slit placed between the mural rim and a salient cushion. Lz=0.90 mm. lz=0.60-0.70 mm. fho=0.15 mm. lo =0.25 mm. Measurements.—Ordinary zooecia (a) | Opesium Avicularian zooecia (B)| asi tie ite Opesium{ 7? 030 mm. fo=0.50 mm. Affinities.—This species is very well characterized by the form and the nature of the B zooecium with an avicularian operculum. It is smaller than Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854, which is so widely distributed in the Gulf of Mexico. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, northwest Panama. Holotype —Cat. No. 70859, U.S.N.M. 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Genus SIPHONOPORELLA Hincks, 1880 SIPHONOPORELLA DUMONTI, new species Plate 7, Figure 4—7; text Figure 9 Description —The zoarium is free; the fronds are cylindrical, bifur- cated, rarely lamellar. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, very elongated, rectangular; the mural rim is salient, finely crenulated; the cryptocyst is deep, flat, granular. The opesium is oval, little elongated; the polypidian tube is broad, salient, eccentric. the avicularian zooecia are long, narrow, provided with a polypidian tube; the mandible is large, spatulated. There is a salient tubercle in each of the interzooecial angles. Measurements.—Opesium|° =0.30 mm. o0=0.20 mm. retin ee mm. L00ec *le = 0.36 mm. ae — Af A B C © D E Fic. 9.—SipHONOPORELLA DUMONTI, NEW SPECIES. A-C, DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THE i, OPERCULAR VALVE. IN A THE SCLERITE OF THE VALVE IS EXACTLY SUPERPOSED ON THE EXTERIOR SCLERITE OF THE ECTOCYST. D. THE TWO PORTIONS OF AN AVICULA- RIAN MANDIBLE. THEY ARE UNITED BY TWO STRONG LATERAL SCLERITES. EH. AN ORDINARY ONYCHOCELLARIUM, X 85 Structure—The internal structure is that of a simplified Stegano- porella; there is only an oblique and short polypidian tube. The opercular valve is simple, as those of Membranipores, and isolated from the mural rim. It is inserted exactly into the ectocystal sclerite which forms the aperture. The B zooecia have also a polypidian tube, but their opercular valve is transformed into a true mandible of a size altogether equal to that of the cryptocyst and of the same form. When it is lowered it is exactly bordered by the mural rim. It has a mandibular struc- ture very close to that of Steganoporella. In Labiopora the differen- tiation is complete, for here the B zooecia are transformed into true interzooecial avicularia. Affinities.—This species differs from Siphonoporella granulosa in its free zoarium, its rectangular zooecia, and the much smaller zooecial, dimensions. ‘The dimensions of the opercular valve are quite variable. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 69 Named in honor of Gen. G. A. L. Dumont, the distinguished mili- tary attaché of the French Embassy in the United States, who has done so much for the encouragement of good feeling between France and the United States. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7592, U.S.N.M. SIPHONOPORELLA GRANULOSA, new species Plate 8, Figure 1 Description. —The zoarium encrusts dead shells and corals. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a small furrow, large, elongated, elliptical; the mural rim is thick, salient, crenulated. The opesium is large, semielliptical; the polypidian tube is wide, oblique, salient, with an oblique orifice; the cryptocyst is flat, deep, granular. The B zooecia are long, narrow; the opesium is elliptical, nonterminal; the polypidian tube is visible but not salient. : ho=0.25 mm, Measurements. —Opesium|; ore ia Zooeeinyy “9-70 mm. lz=0.50 mm. Diameter of polypidian tube =0.16 mm. Length of B zooecia=0.85 mm. Siructure—The structure is identical with that of Siphonoporella dumonti. The mandible of the B zooecia exactly and entirely covers the cryptocyst when it is lowered; its form and its size are then regulated by the frontal calcification. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla., 40 fms. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7593, U.S.N.M. Family ASPIDOSTOMIDAE Jullien, 1888 Genus MOLLIA Lamouroux, 1821 MOLLIA PATELLARIA Smitt, 1873 Plate 8, Figures 2, 3; text Figure 10 1873. Mollia patellaria Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetens- kaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 72. 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 ho=0.12 mm. lo=0.15 mm. Lz=0.40 mm. lz=0.30 mm. Structure.—The opesium is trifoliate; the two lateral condyles serve as a support to the opercular valve. The latter is very simple and analogous to that in the Membranipores. The proximal portion of the opesium which it does not cover probably serves as a passage for the opesiular muscles, but we still have no material proof of their presence and the genus could just as well be classed next to Amphi- blestrum. The zooecia are disjoined; a single point of junction unites them to each of the adjacent zooecia. On the inferior face they are sur- rounded by a series of small nonadjacent tuber- osities. According to Waters, 1879, they serve as attachments of very small radicular threads. The ovicell is hyperstomial, salient, globular, ee Cee closed by the opercular valve. AGRA Kanne STS. Affinities—Smitt, 1872, identified his species DRAWING OF A ZOOE- with Eschara patellaria Moll, 1803, but it differs CIUM, X85, SHOWING ee Ne y THE APERTURAL scre- from it in its more closely arranged adjacent zoo- MOVED Phou ta, lecia, its much smaller ovicells, and in the two ope- MURAL rim anv Siular condyles placed higher. The best figure of pee supurtroy Loll’s species given by Waters in 1879 has served THE Two opEsiaLcon- US for comparison. In the Gulf of Mexico, this ree species has been found only on nullipores. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Florida, 58 meters (Smitt). Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 7559, U.S.N.M. Family ARACHNOPUSIIDAE Jullien, 1888 Genus EXECHONELLA Canu and Bassler, 1927 Measurements —Opesium| Zooeci| EXECHONELLA PUMICOSA, new species Plate 14, Figure 1; text Figure lla Description.—The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are dis- tinct, separated by a deep furrow, very large, oval, somewhat elon- gated; the frontal is convex, very porous; each pore (or lacuna) is surrounded by a salient peristome. Theapertureis large, suborbicular, a little elongated or a little transverse, formed of a large anter separated from a smaller poster by two lateral indentations; two small lamellae arrest the movements of the operculum; the peristome is thick salient. One of the peripheral pores is transformed some- times into a small round avicularium. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 71 (ha =0.20 mm. Measurements.—Aperture), =0.20 mm. Zooecia} +", Lae lz=0.65-0.75 mm. Variations.—The operculum is never rigorously orbicular; it is somewhat elongated or a little transverse; it always bears two large very thick chitinous bands; their inferior extremity is exactly at the level of the indentations of the aperture which mark the axis of rotation of the operculum. This arrangement is quite visible on our photograph, but because of desiccation, the operculum is inverted, the poster being visible; when the polypide extends its tentacles, the anter becomes erect and the poster is embedded in the zooecium. The operculum is very fragile and its movements are limited by two small lamellae (proximal and distal) quite visible at the bottom of the peristome. The size of the operculum renders its preparation very difficult; it is deformed and torn very easily. See. ne 11.—OPERCULAR. EXECHONELLA PUMICOSA, NEW SPECIES. A. SOMEWHAT ELONGATED OPERCULUM, X 85, SHOWING THE AXIS OF ROTATION (ar) B. PUELLINA FLORIDANA SMITT 1873. A MUCH CHITINIZED OPERCULUM, X 85. C. FIGULARIA? AMPLA, NEW SPECIES: OPERCULUM, X 85. D. STENOPSIS FENESTRATA SMITT, 1875. OPERCULUM X 85. E TRYPOSTEGA VENUSTA NORMAN. OPERCULUM, X 85 The cellule a of our photograph shows that the operculum is not attached either to the subadjacent ectocyst or to the compensatrix. We do not know yet if the latter exists on the interior of the zooe- cium under the ectocyst, or perhaps if the space between the frontal and the ectocyst replaces it in order to form a special hydrostatic system. The similarity of the operculum with that of the Hippoporae seems to indicate that there is really an interior compensatrix, but the anatomical study alone can furnish positive arguments. We have found two species of this genus in the American Claiborn- ian and Jacksonian but the geographic distribution of the genus is much greater. We have noted it in our monograph on the Philip- pine bryozoa as present in France (Lutetian, Aquitanian, Burdigalian) and in Australia (Miocene). xechonella pumicosa is the third recent species which we have recognized. Affinities -—This species differs from Ezxechonella magna MacGilli- vray, 1895, in its smaller zooecial dimensions and in its much more porous frontal. Occurrence-—Fowey Light, 15 pales south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7838, U.S.N.M. 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Division PSEUDOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909 Family CELLARIIDAE Hincks, 1880 Genus CELLARIA Lamouroux, 1812 CELLARIA NODOSA, new name Plate 8, Figures 9, 10 1873. Cellarta tenuirostris Smirr (not Busk, 1852), Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 57-59. fha=0.05 mm. Measurements.—Aperture 7 | GET @ seen Zooecial 2 = 0.60 mm. lz=0.20 mm. Affinities.—This species is admirably illustrated by Smitt whose figures are perfectly exact. Our photographs only indicate the size at our usual X 20 enlargements. The ovicelled zooecia are wider than the others; their presence | occasions an enlargement of the segments, which present thus a sort of very characteristic nodosity. Smitt was in error in identifying his specimens with Salicornaria tenwirostris Busk, 1852, as they differ in the much more slendersegments swelling in places, in the enlarged form of the ovicelled zooecia, in the lozenge-shaped and nonrhomboidal form of the avicularia, in the presence of a canalicule in the avicularium, and in a much smaller aperture (0.08 and not 0.13). We have therefore given another name to this charming species. It is regrettable that it did not preserve its chitinous appendages. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2388, Gulf of Mexico; 29° 24’ 30’’ N.; 88° 01’ 00” W.; 35 fms.; yellow sand, black specks. Caribbean Sea off Carysfort reef, 84 meters; west of Tortugas, 110 meters (Smitt). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7472, U.S.N.M CELLARIA SINUOSA Hassall, 1842 This is the first time that this beautiful species, very common in Europe, has been found in the vicinity of the American coasts. We do not believe that we are deceived in our determination. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2004. Atlantic Ocean, east of Cape Hatteras, 37° 19’ 45’’ N.; 74° 26’ 06’’ W.; 102 fms.+ green mud, shells. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER ie Suborder ASCOPHORA Levinsen Family COSTULAE Jullien, 1888. (Family CRIBRILINIDAE Hincks, 1880) Genus PUELLINA Jullien, 1886 PUELLINA RADIATA, Moll, 1803 Plate 10, Figure 11 1873. Cribrilina radiata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 22, pl. 5, figs. 107, 108. 1920. Puellina radiata Canu and BasstEeR, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. Bull. 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 295. pl. 41, figs. 14-18. ha = 0.06 mm. Measuremenis.—Aperture| =(0.08 mm. Zooeciay 7 adele lz=0.42 mm. Variations —The measurements are quite variable, those we give being the greatest. There are five distal spines. The zooecial def- ormations are frequent and quite great. The operculum closes the ovicell. In front of the aperture there is a small mucro with a minute pore on each side conforming to the figures of Smitt. This is the distinctive characteristic of this form, which is very rare. It is somewhat larger than the form innominata Couch, 1844. It does not correspond altogether to Puellina radiata as Norman, 1909, lim- ited it, for this author indicates the inconstant presence of a lunate pore before the aperture. Biology—Our specimens encrust corals. They were in reproduc- tion and fixation May 1, 1884. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2169, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 28’ N.; 82° 20’ 27’’ W.; 78 fms.; coral. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. PUELLINA INNOMINATA Couch, 1844 Plate 14, Figure 2 1873. Cribrilina innominata Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 22, pl. 5, figs. 109, 110. ha=0.06 mm. Measurements.—Aperture|, =0.04 mm. Zooecia\y” Oe alae lz=0.30 mm. Variations —This form is the more frequent; it offers the same aspects as specimens from the Philippines but with smaller dimen- 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 sions. It is well characterized by its median pore placed in the vicinity of the aperture and by the beautiful lateral tuberosities which surround each zooecium like a necklace. The median pore is often invisible and buried in the peristome. Frequently the lateral tuberosities are much attenuated and the costules much less calcified. The interzooecial avicularium is frequent, very long, acuminated, and salient in front of the zooecial plane. According to Norman, 1909, this form differs from the typical form only in its much smaller dimensions, its more salient costules, and in its less acuminate avicularium. Smitt, 1872, placed here all the specimens ornamented with a lunate pore. The variations of the two forms being quite large, it is really impossible to distinguish them specifically, and we therefore follow the opinion of Waters. The operculum closes the ovicell. The costules are covered by the ectocyst. On the interior the costules are not visible. Only the lumen pores, radially arranged, appear as tremopores. Biology.—Our specimens encrust nullipores, dead shells, and corals. The living specimens were in reproduction March 15, 1885. We have shown in our work on the Philippine Bryozoa that this species is in reproduction continuously during the entire year. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; 82° 18’ 48’” W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Albatross Station D. 2672, Atlantic, east of Georgia; 31° 31’ 00’’ N.; 79° 05’ 00’’ W.; 277 fms.; coarse brown sand. PUELLINA FLORIDANA Smitt, 1873 Plate 14, Figures 3-7; text Figure 116 1873. Cribrilina figularis Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 23, pl. 5, fig. 112. 1873. Cribrilina figularis var. floridana Smirr, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens, Handlingar, p. 23, pl. 5, fig. 111. 21879. Lepralia elegantissima SrauEnza, Le formazioni terziarie della Pro- vincia di Reggio (Calabria), Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Memoria della di Science, etc., ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 83, pl. 8, fig. 11. 21901. Cribrilina (Figularia) elegantissima Neviant, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie. Paleontographia, Italica, vol. 6, p. 173, (sep. 59), pl. 1, fig. 28. 1914. Cribrilina floridana OspuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Publi- cation Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 195. art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 79 Our specimen was living but not ovicelled. It corresponds to Fig- ure 112 of Smitt. ha=0.07 mm. Moasurenents-—Apertarefa =0.10-0.13 mm. 0.15 mm.(after Smitt). Lz=0.42-0.46 mm. lz=0.36 mm. There are about six pairs of dietellae. In transparency the cos- cules are indistinct and the lumen pores are very numerous; the me- dian line of suture is visible; the lunate pore is often surmounted by a kind of very narrow rimule (indicated on fig. 111 of Smitt). On the interior the costules are not visible. The semicircular opercu- lum is well chitinized and of a brownish color (Osburn). We figure it and it is bordered with a thick sclerite. We are the third observers of this species. Nevertheless, its struc- vure is not yet well known, for the specimens found are very rare and suncomplete. They encrust shells and corals. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Florida, 47, 58 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 8-34 meters (Osburn). Genus FIGULARIA Jullien, 1885 FIGULARIA (?) AMPLA, new species Plate 14, Figure 8; text Figure 11lc Zooecia| Description.—The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are dis- tinct, separated by a deep furrow, very large and little elongated, elliptical; the frontal is very convex and formed of six pairs of very broad costules, adjacent; the costules are separated by very small linear lacunae attached to a median and salient suture line. An ellip- tical line of lacunae a little larger outline on the frontal an elegant elliptical diagram. The aperture is large, a little transverse; two small lateral indentations separate a large semielliptic anter from a small concave poster. The ovicell is large, smooth, carinated, hyper- stomial, opened by a very narrow slit. ha=0.26 mm. la=0.30 mm. fz=1.5 mm. lz=1.0 mm. Structure —The operculum is yellow and very chitinous; it proba- bly closes the ovicell, but we have not been able to make direct observation. Our two specimens are without the ectocyst. We have Measurements.—Aperture| Zooccin 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 not seen the internal ectocyst. Our conclusions on the structure of this beautiful species are then very insufficient and we are not able to class it accurately. It is by the simple exterior aspect of the frontal that we introduce it doubtfully and provisionally into the genus Figularia. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40” Nis 82°-207 307 W.; 20]etmss (eoral. Holotype-—Cat. No. 7494, U.S.N.M. Family HIPPOTHOIDAE Levinsen, 1909 Genus HIPPOTHOA (Lamouroux, 1821) Hincks, 1880 HIPPOTHOA EBURNEA Smitt, 1873 1873. Gemellipora eburnea Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kong]. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 35, pl. 9, fig. 178 (not pl. 7, fig. 152-156). ha=0.06 mm. Measurements.—Aperture| high glllnn: Zooeeinyy ~~ 0.40 mm. lz=0.14-0.16 mm. Variations —The length of the zooecium is quite variable; with the caudal portion it often measures 0.60-0.70 mm., but it may be elongated much more and double this length. This is a very fragile species and, although it is not rare, it is dif- ficult to find a well-preserved zoarium for the frontal is often broken. It chooses, moreover, for its development, sheltered places, the inte- rior of dead shells, the inferior face of Cellepores, the base of arbor- escent corals, the folds of nullipores, etc. One must not confuse this species with the creeping portions of Pasythea eburnea Smitt, 1872. Wecan not explain Smitt’s confusion, for this species has neither the same dimensions nor the same aper- tural form. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2317, north of Cuba; 24° 25’ . 45’’ N.; 81° 46’ 45’” W.; 45 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2362, east of Yucatan; 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; 86° 53’ 30’ W.; 25 fms.; coral sand. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2672, Atlantic, east of Georgia; 31° 31’ 007’ Nv; 79°05" 00’ W.; 277 ims.; course brown sand. Florida, 194 meters (Smitt). art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER G7 HIPPOTHOA DIVARICATA Lamouroux, 1821 Plate 28, Figure 7 1918. Hippothoa divaricata WatERS, Some collections of the Littoral Marine Fauna of the Cape Verde Islands. Journal Linnean Society, Zool- ogy, vol. 34, p. 20 (Synonymy). This cosmopolitan species has been noted at only one locality in our Gulf of Mexico dredgings. Miss Jelly’s catalogue and Water’s work cited above give its complete bibliography. . Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2650, Bahama Islands; 23° 34’ 30’’ N.; 76° 34’ 00’’ W.; 369 fms. Plesiotype-—Cat. No. 7523, U.S.N.M. Genus TRYPOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909 TRYPOSTEGA VENUSTA Norman, 1864 Plate 8, Figures 5, 6; text Figure lle 1920. Trypostega venusta Canu and Basster, North American Early Ter- tiary Bryozoa. Bull. 106, U.S. National Museum, p. 330, pl. 85, fig. 15,16. (Bibliography and geographic distribution.) Measurements —Zooecia (distant from border) 7770.09 eee lz=0.26 mm. ha=0.10 mm. EP entire 7g =0.06 mm. Wereialvocecin ae en F \lz=0.30 mm. ha=0.10 mm. Aperture|/ = 0.06 mm. Variations —In our bibliography of 1920 we omitted the variety mornata Smitt, 1872 (not Gabb and Horn). We are now convinced that this is indeed the same species in spite of the difference in size; in fact, the species is quite variable in its micrometric dimensions, the marginal zooecia of the large colonies being much larger than the others. The operculum presents the same variations; it closes the ovicell. Biology—The specimens encrust bryozoa (Steganoporella, Stylo- poma), shells, corals (Oculina), hydroids, and nullipores; they prefer smooth surfaces. They are light colored, but the operculum is slightly yellow. Our specimens were in reproduction and fixation from January to March; it is probable that they reproduce through- out the year. This species is indifferent to bathymetric variations, but it prefers depths from 10 to 100 meters. It has been observed in the Atlantic as far as the fiftieth parallel. 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’? N82? 2030 Wee 201 tmseveorale Albatross Station D. 2334, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 42’’ N.; 82° 18’ 24’’ W.; 67 fms.; white coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; grey sand,broken coral. Florida, 41-97 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 8-24 meters (Osburn). Plesiotypes —Cat. Nos. 7608, 7609, U.S.N.M. Family PETRALIIDAE Levinsen, 1909 Genus PETRALIELLA Canu and Bassler, 1927 PETRALIELLA BISINUATA Smitt, 1873 Plate 16, Figures 1-5; Plate 33, Figure 4; text Figures 12a—h 1873. Escharella bisinuata Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 59, pl. 12, fig. 229. 1909. Petralia bisinwata LEVINSEN, Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, pp. 350, 351. 1914. Petralia bisinuata OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Publi- cation Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 217. ha =0.24-0.25 mm. la=0.26 mm. Lz=0.90-1.15 mm. lz=0.50—0.55 mm. Variations.—Smitt spoke only of a single avicularium; there are generally two on our specimens; rarely are they equal, one being larger than the other; these are the zooecial avicularia. Rarely there are two avicularia on the shield; then there are no longer any large avicularia. This irregularity is disconcerting and does not permit us to judge the function of these small organs. The cribriform area is a rather deep concavity surrounded by. a peristome, closed by the ectoyst, where there are no radicells and placed below the aperture. It is frequently accompanied by one or two smaller radicular pores. The frontal structure is that of a tremocyst. This is a rare species of which we were able to prepare the com- plete operculum. It is often detached from the compensatrix, but frequently the chitinization stops at the axis of rotation. The oper- cula of the ovicelled zooecia are a little larger. The chitinized band which surrounds the operculum is generally narrow, but it can become enlarged as in the genus Petralia. Measurements.—Aperture| Zooecia| ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 79 The radicells form a true passageway between the colonies and the algal substratum; they are fragile, hollow, terminated in a brush. The mandibles are very thin and transparent. The zoarium is unilamellar, very often cylindrical, for it encrusts algae. It may also creep over nullipores (Smitt). Biology.—The color in life is a bright vermillion (Osburn). The calcareous skeleton is much less pigmented than the ectocyst. The operculm is light colored. The giant species have not much vitality. H Fig. 12.—GENUS PETRALIELLA, NEW GENUS. A-J. PETRALIELLA BISINUATA SMITT, 1873. A, OPERCULUM, X 85, WITH BROAD, CHITINIZED MARGINAL BAND. B. ANOTHER OPER- CULUM, X 85, WITH NARROW MARGINAL BAND. C. ANOTHER FORM OF OPERCULUM, X 85. D. OPERCULUM, X 85, IN WHICH THE PROXIMAL ARTICULATION WITH THE COMPENSATRIX Ig VISIBLE. E, #, G. THREE MANDIBLES, X 85. H. RADICEL OF THIS SPECIES, X 85. I, PETRALIELLA MARGINATA, NEW SPECIES. OPERCULUM, X 85, WITH NARROW MARGINAL BAND For example, on the same alga a larva of Cellepora was fixed near a Petraliella larva; the two colonies are well developed at first, but the Cellepora stopped the Petraliella and became superposed upon it. Likewise in the interior of a tube of Petraliella a larva of Smittina trispinosa was affixed; it developed normally in pursuing completely the radicular system which did not disturb it at all. When they are useless by death or putrefaction of the substratum, the radicells dis- appear; also the interior face serves asa refuge for small parasitic species such as Hippothoa, which find here an excellent refuge to shel- ter their extreme fragility. We have made the same observations on Petraliella vorax, new species, of the Philippines, where we were able to determine the same parasites. 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Our living specimens were in reproduction January 30 and March 19, 1885. Up to the present the species has been dredged only from depths of water below 42 meters. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2362, east of Yucatan; 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; 86° 53’ 30’’ W.; 25 fms.; coral sand. Albatross Station D. 2363, east of Yucatan; 22° 07’ 30’’ N.; 87° 06’ 00’ W.; 21 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2414, Gulf of Mexico; 25° 04’ 30’’ N.; 82° 59’ 15’ W.; 26 fms.; fine white sand, broken shells. Florida, 14-30 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 16-29 meters (Osburn). Albatross Station D. 2405. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Plestotypes.—Cat. No. 7568, U.S.N.M. PETRALIELLA BISINUATA GRANDIS, new variety Plate 33, Figures 5, 6 In this new variety the aperture is larger and measures 0.30 mm. in width (and not 0.20mm.). The avicularia are larger and measure 0.15 mm. in length instead of 0.12 mm. The inferior face shows the same small radicular pores which we have observed on the typical specimens. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Holotype.—Cat. No. 70851, U.S.N.M. PETRALIELLA MARGINATA, new species Plate 16, Figures 6-11; text Figure 127 Descriuption.—The zoarium is free, unilamellar, formed of more or less expanded fronds. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a sal- cent thread, large, elongated, rectangular; the shield is incomplete and is not developed above the aperture; it is broad inferiorily and bears laterally two small avicularia; the frontal is flat, perforated by large tremopores, often coalescent, and ornamented laterally with short interareolar costules. The aperture is semicircular, somewhat elon- gated or a little transverse; two very short cardelles, placed very low, separate a very large anter from a very small poster; the proxi- mal border is straight and finely serrate. The ovicell is very large, globular, with minute perforations; it is hyperstomial, buried in the distal zooecium closed by the operculum and bordered by a thin thread. The large avicularium is placed laterally in the neighbor- hood of the aperture below a small apertural avicularium; it is oblique, triangular, very elongated, with unguiculate beak and provided with a pivot. The inner face of the zoarium bears distally on each zooe- art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 81 cium a large orbicular cribriform area closed by the ectocyst. It is a radicular septule. Measurements—Aperture|" =().22-0.25 mm. la=0.25 mm. Zooeciayy ~~, 1.00 mm. lz=0.65—-0.70 mm. Structure.—The operculum is light colored and bell-shaped. The marginal band is very narrow; the proximal border is indecisive, for it is attached to the compensatrix. We are obliged, in order to fig- ure it, to indicate only the line of rotation. Like the aperture, the operculum is elongated or transverse. In the interior the two cardelles are quite visible; they correspond exactly to the axis of rotation of the operculum, which also repre- sents only the portion covering the anter. The tremopores are quite visible and numerous. The dorsal admirably shows by transparency the structure of the cribriform area. The latter appears as a large multiporous septule. The pores are unequal in size and variable in number (10 to 20). Exteriorily there is a concavity closed by the ectocyst and from which large radicells sometime spring. The ovicell is not of the same nature as the frontal. This feature is, moreover, one of the family characters. In the Escharellidae, for example, the ovicell is developed between the olocyst and the pleurocyst or tremocyst of the distal zooecium. Here, on the con- trary, the ovicell has special walls; the distal zooecium is completely calcified when it is formed. The operculum does not close the ovi- cell throughout its life, but in opening it permits the passage of the eggs in closing exactly the orifice of the ovicell. However, on our dissected specimens we are not positively certain of the exactness of this observation. Variations.—The small apertural avicularia are very constant. They are elliptical, but their orientation is quite variable. They must exercise the function of the oral glands which do not exist in this family. The large avicularium is zooecial; its presence is incon- stant and its dimensions are variable. When one of the small aper- tural avicularia becomes very large, the large avicularium does not develop. The zoarium often has the form of a hollow horn. The radicells are rarely present on the interior face. The latter is almost always incrusted by small species of bryozoa and notably by Gemellipora eburnea Smitt, 1872, which thus finds safe shelter to protect its especially fragile zoarium. The separating thread of the cells is constant but it is very salient and quite visible on the old, strongly calcified zooecia. §8513—28——6 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Affinities.—This species resembles very much Petraliella chuakensis Waters, 1913, and we at first identified it so. However, it differs in its much smaller micrometric measurements (la=0.25 mm. and not 0.32 mm.), in the presence of two small apertural avicularia, in the occurrence of a thread separating the cells, in the presence of short interareolar costules, and in the much more finely denticulated prox- imal border of the aperture. It resembles also Petraliella dorsiporosa — Busk, 1884, figured by Harmer, 1900, but differs from it in a much larger zooecial avicularium, in the presence of interareolar costules, in the serrate proximal border of the aperture, and in a single cribri- form area to each zooecium on the inner face. Biology.—Our specimens were in reproduction and fixation Jan- uary 30 and March 19, 1885. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2366, Gulf of Mexico, off Yuca- tan; 22° 28’ 00’’ N.; 87° 02’ 00’’ W.; 43m. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2414, Gulf of Mexico; 25° 04’ 30’’ N.; 82° 59’ 15’ W.; 26 fms.; fine white sand, broken shells. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7569, U.S.N.M. Genus COLEOPORA Canu and Bassler, 1927 COLEOPORA GRANULOSA, new species Plate 33, Figure 9 Description.—The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are large, distinct, separated by a very thin thread, somewhat elongated, swol- len; the frontal is convex and formed of a granular tremocyst; the peristomie is salient, free, cylindrical; the peristome is thin. The aperture is suborbicular. ha=0.20 mm. la =0.25 mm. £Lz=1.15—1.25 mm. lz=0.75 —0.85 mm. : Affinities —The peristome shows distinctly the tremocyst and the subadjacent olocyst; on certain cells the tremocyst overlaps the olo- cyst and on others the olocyst is visible. This species approaches very closely Coleopora minutipora Canu and Bassler from the Philippines, but its micrometric dimensions are much smaller and its frontal granules are larger and more apparent. The genus Coleopora is equatorial. It is probable that it is represented in the Gulf of Mexico. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Holotype —Cat. No. 70834, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Aperture| Zovecia| 4nt.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 83 Family GALEOPSIDAE Jullien, 1903 Genus GALEOPSIS Jullien, 1903 The ovicell is hyperstomial. The aperture has two cardelles. The peristomie is enlarged. ‘The spiramen is very large and salient. The frontal is a tremocyst. The operculum bears two lateral bands. Avicularia. Genotype —Galeopsis pupa Jullien, 1903. Range.—Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)—Recent. Historical—The genus Galeopsis was introduced into the nomen- clature by Jullien, 1903, for two species with large spiramen—G. rabi- dus and G. pupa which he had discovered. He recognized that the spiramen was a tube opening in the peristomie above the operculum and he explained its physiologic function. Lacking material, he was not able to elucidate the structure of the new genus. Our definition of 1923 is therefore uncertain. At this time, conforming to the rules of nomenclature, we chose as the genotype the first species cited (G. gabidus). In our materials from the Philippines, we have had the fortune to discover some new species of Galeopsidae and to make a detailed study of them. We can now explain the structure of these animals and give better generic definitions. First our selected genotype (G. rabidus) from its structure belongs in reality to Gigantopora, Ridley, 1881. To pteserve the name the second species (G. pupa) should be regarded as the type of the genus Galeopsis. In consequence we here revise our definition of 1920. Affinities—As now limited the genus Galeopsis is very close to Gephyrophora Busk, 1884, and Waters, 1908, did not hesitate to unite them. ‘The opercula, not being perfectly identical, we believe the two genera should be maintained at least provisionally. G'aleopsis differs from Gephyphora in the presence of cardelles, in the absence of a sinus to the aperture, and in the presence of two lateral bands to the operculum, indicating a different muscular system. The determination of fossil specimens is very difficult and it can be done only by dissection of the peristomie. The recent species are as follows, showing it is an equatorial genus solely: Galeopsis pupa Jullien, 1903, Pacific (Philippines, Gambier). Galeopsis mutabilis Canu and Bassler ms., Philippines. Galeopsis brevicapitata Canu and Bassler ms., China Sea. Genus STENOPSIS Canu and Bassler, 1927 The ovicell is hyperstomial. The aperture is rounded-quadrangu- lar, without cardelles. The peristomie is elongated. The spiramen is broad and salient. The frontal is a tuberose tremocyst. The oper- culum is thin, semielliptical, and without muscular attachments. Avicularia. Genotype.—Stenopsis (Porina) fenestrata Smitt, 1873. 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Range.—Eocene (Jacksonian)—Recent. The known species are as follows: Stenopsis (Porina) fenestrata Smitt, 1873, Gulf of Mexico. Stenopsis unirostris Canu and Bassler ms., Sulu Sea. Stenopsis cylindrica, new name (=Gigantopora fenestrata Waters 1908), Red Sea. Stenopsis (Galeopsis) longicollis Canu and Bassler, 1920, Jacksonian. Stenopsis (Galeopsis) cyclops Canu and Bassler, 1920, Jacksonian. Stenopsis (Porina) tuberculosa Maplestone, 1902, Miocene. This is an equatorial genus. The ovicell opens into the peristomie. Affinities —Stenopsis differs from Galeopsis Jullien, 1903, in the absence of cardelles and in its opercula without bands or points. It differs from Gigantopora Ridley, 1881, which it resembles in general aspect, in the presence of a granular tremocyst. It differs from Gephyrophora Busk, 1884, in its longer peristomie and in the absence of rimule and points to the operculum. STENOPSIS FENESTRATA Smitt, 1873 Plate 14, Figures 9, 10; text Figure 11d 1873. Hippothoa fenestrata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vet- enskaps-Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 47, pl. 6, fig. 112. (Not Gigantopora fenestrata Waters, 1908.) ha=0.10 mm. Measurements.—Aperture| poe {h=0.10 mm. W=0.12 mm. Lz=0.90-1.00 mm. lz=0.35-0.40 mm. Structure.—The aperture is semielliptical; its exact form is aptly defined as ‘‘rounded-quadrangular”’ by Smitt; it is visible at the bot- tom of the peristomie, which must be broken in order to render it clearly visible. The operculum has the same form and its proximal border is slightly concave; it bears neither muscular attachments nor ornaments; it is thin and fragile. The peristome is thin, orbicular, very long, not covered by the tremocyst. It bears laterally a single triangular, thin avicularium, with the beak above. The spiramen is placed at the base of the peristomie; it is salient and in the form of a lunar crescent with a distal concavity; its dimen- sions are exactly those of the aperture. The ovicell is globular and opens into the peristomie. Affinities —Waters, 1908, determined under this name a different species from the Red Sea and for which we have proposed the name of S. cylindrica because of its zooecial aspect. Stenopsis fenestrata differs from it in its long peristomie, in the great distance between Spiramen Zooecia| art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 85 the spiramen and the peristomice, in the presence of frontal granu- lations and a single avicularium, in its greater micrometric dimensions, and in its crescentic spiramen. It is much larger than Stenopsis umirostris Canu and Bassler which we have discovered in the Philip- pines. Our specimens creep over serpulae and nullipores. They were in reproduction in March, 1885. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Plesiotypes—Cat. No. 7599, U.S.N.M. Family SCLERODOMIDAKE Levinsen, 1909 Genus SEMIHASWELLIA Canu and Bassler, 1917 SEMIHASWELLIA SINUOSA, new species Plate 15, Figures 1-4 Description.—The zoarium is articulated, the segments are long (10 mm.), subcylindrical, senuous, with the zooecia on one face only; the anterior face bears tremopores arranged at the bottom of longi- tudinal, irregular, shallow sulci, and small, round, widely spaced avicularia. The zooecia are little distinct, much elongated; the frontal is convex and formed of a tremocyst with tubules the orifices of which are arranged at the bottom of longitudinal shallow sulci. The ascopore is small, round, placed on the median axis and at the base of the peristomie; the latter is somewhat salient and termi- nated by a fringed and orbicular peristome. The ovicell is globular, arranged laterally and opening into the peristomie. The base of articulation (basis ramae) is formed by a frontolateral eminence pierced by a large central pore surrounded by smaller pores; the flexible fibers are issued not only from the central pore but also from the small neighboring tremopores. fz=0.50 mm.; diameter of peristome, 0.12 mm. z2=0.25 mm.; diameter of segments, | 0.50 mm. Structure—In longitudinal section the zooecial walls are very thick; the tubules are very wide, although their orifice is very small, the ascopore is wide somewhat oblique, opening in the interior into the peristomie at the level of the operculum. The ovicell is very remarkable and unique; instead of being arranged distally as in the genotype, it is placed laterally between the peristome and the ascopore. We have not, unfortunately, enough specimens to make a section of the ovicell and verify if it is a dissymetric peristomial ovicell or an ordinary hyperstomial ovicell. Affinities —The genotype Semihaswellia proboscidea Waters, 1889, has been dredged at a great depth around St. Thomas (West Indies). The presence of other species of the same genus in the Gulf of Mexico Measurements —Zooecia 1 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 72 is then quite natural. We note, in fact, no essential difference between the two species. However, Semihaswellia sinuosa differs from H. proboscidea in its articulated zoarium (and not branched) and in its lateral, not distal ovicell. Among the fossils from the Jacksonian we have found a smaller species, Semihaswellia exilis Canu and Bassler, 1920, in which we have been able to explain the structure. The anologies with the present species are evident and permit us to deduce from it that the large hollow apophysis is in reality a base of articulation and that the colony was articulated as a base of the figured segment proves. (Fig. 22, pl. 66.) As all these species are quite rare and their study is quite incom- plete, the task of the paleontologist is very difficult. Semihaswellia proboscidea Waters, 1889, has been found in the pteropod ooze at 729 meters of depth. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2392, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 47’ 30’’ N.; 87° 27’ 00’’ W.; 724fms.; brown gray mud. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7591, U.S.N.M. Genus TESSARADOMA Norman, 1868 TESSARADOMA GRACILE Sars, 1863 Plate 15, Figure 5; Plate 28, Figure 6 1873. Tessaradoma boreale Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 32, pl. 6, figs 143-145. 1903. Tessaradoma gracile JuLLIEN, Bryozoaires de |’Hirondelle. Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaca, p. 74, pl. 3, fig. 4, and pl. 14, fig. 2. (Bibliography,) 1907. Tessaradoma borealis CatveT, Bryozoaires. Expedition Scientifique Travailleur et Talisman, p. 405. 1912. Tessaradoma gracile NorpgaarpD, Revision av universitetsmusets samling av norske Bryozoer. Kgl. norske Videnskaber Selskabs, Skriften, p. 20. 1918. Tessaradoma gracile NorpGaarp, Bryozoa from the Arctie region. Tromso Museums Aarshefter, vol. 40, p. 53 (numerous localities cited, temperature). It is difficult to recognize the true micrometric characteristics of this species. The measurements taken from the figures of the authors are extraordinarily divergent as may be noted from the following examples: Ganu col- i 2 Hincks, 1880 a ection . mit ullien (North Smitt, 1867 1873 p 1903 * | D. 2117 Atlantic) Fig. 5 Fig. 4 Milli- Milli- Milli- Milli- Milli- Milli- Milli- meters meters meters meters meters meters meters Diameter of peristome_-______- 0.16 | 0. 18-0. 20 0.18 0. 14 0. 10 0. 10 0. 25 Men su Rew we oe ee es Te ee . 90 1. 20 1. 28 .70 -40 .40 | 1. 50-1. 60 Width ste 22S Goey go See . 60 - 60 . 60 588 24 . 22 . 75-. 90 ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 87 The measurements observed on our specimens are the largest. They appear to constitute a variety. In their ornamentation they approach especially the figures of Smitt, 1873, and of Jullien, 1903. Smitt states that the species is very common in the Gulf of Mexico. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2117, Caribbean Sea; 15° 24” 40’’ N.; 63° 31’ 30’’ W.; 683 fms.; yellow mud, fine sand; D. 2753, Lesser Antilles. Geographic distribution.—Atlantic: From Spitzberg to Cape Verde Islands from 300 to 3,700 meters. Plesiotypes—Cat. No. 7605, U.S.N.M. Family ESCHARELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909 Subfamily SCHIZOPORELLAE Canu and Bassler, 1917 Genus BUFFONELLARIA Canu and Bassler, 1927 The ovicell is hyperstomial and not closed by the operculum. The frontal is an olocyst with vein-like markings. There is a small oral avicularium. Genotype.—Hippothoa dwergens typica Smitt, 1873. Recent. This genus differs from Buffonella Jullien, 1888, only in the move- ment of the operculum which closes the ovicell. We know three equatorial species of this genus—Buffonellaria divergens Smitt, 1872; B, reticulata, new species, from the Gulf of Mexico; and B. loculifera Canu and Bassler from the Philippines. Relations between the oral avicularia and the function of the operculum in the Escharellidae are shown by the fact that when there is no oral avicularium present the operculum closes the ovicell, and when there is an oral avicularium the operculum does not close the ovicell. This is not a special phenomenon in Buffonellaria for it is general in all the Escharellidae Buffonella, Lacerna, Dakaria, Schizomavella, Hippoponella, and Houzeauina do not have oral avicularia and their operculum closes the ovicell. On the contrary, Buffonellaria, Gemelliporella, Schizopodrella, Hippomenella, Hippozeu- gosella, Peristomella, and Romancheina have two oral avicularia and. their operculum does not close their ovicell. We have incomplete data on other genera of the family, especially when they are fossil;. finally, certain of them such as Hippoporina are perhaps poorly classified. In the uncertain family, Galeopsidae the same phenomenon is. observable; Haswellia has no avicularia and its operculum closes the ovicell. On the contrary Galeopsis and Gephyrophora provided with avicularia do not have their operculum closing the ovicell. Very probably the genera of this family should be united to the Escharel- lidae. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 In the Smittinidae and the Reteporidae, the operculum does not close the ovicell and there are no oral avicularia present, but in these two families there are oral glands. We have always supposed that the zooecial avicularia have a phys- iologic function when they are constant. This new study completely confirms this supposition. But we do not yet know exactly how this function is exercised and if it is always the same. We may again note how fruitful the physiologic classification is and how great are the results obtained by its use. Thanks to it, these small animals have already revealed many secrets of their complicated biology. BUFFONELLARIA DIVERGENS Smiitt, 1873 Plate 8, Figures 7, 8; text Figure 13a 1873. Hippothoa divergens typica Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kong]. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 47, pl. 9, fig. 179. ha=0.09 mm. la =0.10-0.12 mm. Lz=0.65 mm. . lz=0.45-0.55 mm. Structure.—The ovicell is very fragile, placed on the distal zooecium, and opened very widely above the operculum and without any rela- tionship with it. Itis smooth and convex. The operculum is suborbicular with two \ gd lucidae at the place of the condyles of artic- A = ulation; the two muscular attachments Wie. 18. OvekcuLa OF nurse, are removed trom the marci ands jidect ania. A, B.DIVERGENS Smit, 1873. rather high. BEES RU SREATS NAW, BREGIS The frontal, seen by transparency, shows the radial threads characteristic of Buffonellaria. This struc- ture is very different from that of Hippothoa and can not be con- fused with it. There ‘s generally only a small oral avicularium. Affinitves.—It is in error that Hincks, 1880, Norman, 1909, and Osburn, 1914, have referred this species to Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1848. Not only it has not the same form of operculum, but the structure of the ovicell is very different; finally, the frontal is an olocyst with nerve-like threads and not a tremocyst with small pores. We have not found specimens corresponding to Smitt’s Figure 177 (forma laxa). Biology.—Our specimens encrust Cellepores, hydroids, and corals. They were in reproduction in May, 1884, and January, 1885. This species has been found only in deep waters. Measurements. —Aperture| Zooecia| art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 8S Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’ W.; 201 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; 82° 19’ 48’’ W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Florida, 218 meters (Smitt). Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7459, U.S.N.M. BUFFONELLARIA RETICULATA, new species Plate 8, Figure 4, text Figure 13b Description.—The zoarium encrusts nullipores and shells. The zooecia are indistinct; the frontal bears salient reticulations which divide it into small irregular compartments. The aperture is buried at the bottom of an infundibuliform peristomie; its proximal border bears a rounded and deep sinus; the peristome is very salient, thin, nodular, and bears a kind of small avicularium. The ovicell is glob- ular and decorated with two orbicular areas symmetrically arranged ;. it is hyperstomial and is not closed by the operculum. ha=0.14 mm. la=0.12 mm. Zooeciayy*~ 0.40—0.50 mm. lz=0.30 mm. Structure.—This is a bizarre species the structure of which has for a time appeared enigmatic; we have finally concluded that the fron- tal reticulations result from the thickening of the olocystal veins. characteristic of Buffonellaria; the young zooecia are deprived of them. The small oral avicularium is rather constant; it appears el- liptic, but on our dried specimens we have not observed the direction. of its mandible. The operculum is similar to that of Buffonellaria divergens and. bears also two lucidae corresponding to the two condyles of articula-- tion. The dimensions are rather variable. The exterior aspect of the aperture is deceiving, for it is not in rapport with the true form of the operculum, the rimule of the latter being much wider than the proximal sinus of the aperture. The ovicell bears a system of nervelike threads like the frontal, but they are less salient and the principal ones limit the two perfo- rated lateral areas. Biology—Our living specimens were in reproduction March 15, 1885. Several of them encrust both sides of shell fragments. This is a rather frequent phenomenon that is difficult to explain otherwise than by the floating of the substratum. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Holotype—Cat. No. 7460, U.S.N.M. Measurements. —Apertura| 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Genus GEMELLIPORELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920 The ovicell is hyperstomial and not closed by the operculum. The frontal is an olocyst bordered by areolar pores and covered by a granular pleurocyst. There are oral avicularia. Genotype.-—Gemelliporella vorax Canu and Bassler, 1923. Range.—Miocene—Recent. Gemelliporella asper and G. vorax Canu and Bassler, 1923, belong to this genus. In 1923 we were deceived by the aspect of the aper- ture of the fossil specimens, but an examination of the recent speci- mens enables us to correct this false interpretation. GEMELLIPORELLA ASPER Canu and Bassler 1923 Plate 10, Figure 1 1923. Gemelliporella asper CANU and BassuiER, North American Later Ter- tiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Museum, -p. 110, pl. 18, figs. 5, 6. ha=0.12-0.15 mm. la =0.08-0.10 mm. Lz=0.50 mm. lz=0.40-0.45 mm. Structure —Like the frontal, the ovicell is formed by an olocyst ‘surmounted by a pleurocyst, but the latter is incomplete and leaves in front a small semicircular cicatrix. The small oral avicularium is elliptical and little salient; the large zooecial avicularium is arranged laterally; it is salient and its mandible is wide and horny; the pivot bears a very characteristic distal tooth. The areolar pores are large and scattered from each other. Our recent specimens are somewhat less calcified than the fossils. Their large avicularium is much smaller than that in specimens from the Miocene but it is equal to that of the Pliocene examples. Brology—The great development of the avicularia seems to indi- cate rather calm waters. Our recent specimens encrust nullipores; the fossils encrusted oysters. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2322, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ DA Na S227 450. Wee all> hms. cxconale Geologic distribution.—Miocene and Pliocene of Florida and South Carolina. Plesiotype-—Cat. No. 7533, U.S.N.M. Genus STYLOPOMA Levinsen, 1909 Levinsen, 1909, published his doubt as to the validity of this genus and even suppressed it. According to his ideas, the passage of the eggs is a function which each species operates differently and Measurements.—Aperture| Zooecia! ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 91 according to circumstances. We have always thought that this is an important function which is of generic importance. We violate this principle sometimes, but it is only in genera in which the species are rare and in order not to change the nomenclature uselessly. This is not the case in the genus Stylopoma, in which we already know the following seven species. Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766, Miocene—Recent. Stylopoma minuta Canu and Bassler, 1923, Miocene (Jamaica). Stylopoma magniporosa Canu and Bassler, 1923, Miocene (Santo Domingo). Stylopoma projecta Canu and Bassler, 1923, Pleistocene (Panama). Stylopoma distorta, new species, Recent (Philippines). Stylopoma parviporosa, new species, Recent (Philippines). Stylopoma grandis, new species, Recent (Philippines). This is an equatorial genus but it has been observed in the larger oceans such as the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific. We have not yet found it in the Southern Hemisphere. STYLOPOMA SPONGITES Pallas, 1766 Plate 10, Figures 8-10; Plate 32, Figure 9, text Figure 14 1918. Schizoporella spongites WatERS, Bryozoa of the Cape Verde Islands. Journal Linnean Society, Zoology, vol. 34, p. 16, pl. 2, figs. 10-13. 1923. Stylopoma spongites Canu and BasstEeR, North American Later, Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Museum, p. 102, pl. 17, figs. 1-12. (Bibliography, geographic distribution.) ha=0.10 mm. (without sinus). la =0.12-0.15 mm. Lz=0.50 mm. lz=0.35 mm. (variable). Variations.—Smitt in 1873, Waters in 1918, and ourselves in 1923 have indicated the great zooecial variations of this species. The colonial variations are also numerous; the zoaria can be observed in spongy masses, often very large, in multilamellar hemescharian colo- nies, in uni or multilamellar encrusting surfaces, and in unilamellar cylindrical forms. Furthermore, in the waters off Florida we have observed magnificent bilamellar dendroid colonies of free or anasto- mosing, very regular, compressed fronds. This is a very capricious animal which can adapt itself to all the biologic conditions possible; but this faculty of adaptation is always accompanied by correlative variations. Structure—On the interior the tremopores are very small and at a magnification of 20 diameters they are visible only by transparency. There are no condyles to the aperture. The operculum is very thin and quite fragile; the proximal rimule is subtriangular and it is much Measurements.—Aperture| Zooecia 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. T2 wider than the apertural sinus which is thin and linear. The form appears quite variable, for that which we figure is a little different from the opercula figured by Levinson, 1909, and by Waters, 1918. We have never observed the apertural denticles described by Waters, 1918. We believe that his specimen from Manaar is of another species. Biology—The larva scarcely chooses its substratum for it is affixed to shells, bryozoa, corals, sponges, rocks, and fronds of small algae. However, we have not yet observed colonies on nullipores. ‘‘The color varies from translucent white or yellow to bright brick red” (Osburn). This is a very fecund species, the frequency of specimens and the abundance of ovicells being the immediate manifestations. This fecundity has increased in time, for the ovicells of the fossil specimens. are generally smaller than the ovicells of the recent specimens. Reproduction was observed during the first. three months of the year. An ordinary polypide constructs the zooec- ium. It degenerates and is replaced by a female polypide which constructs the ovicell above the distal zooecium and the aperture. Itis deprived B of tentacles which could not emerge through the & special orifice of the ovicell. The passage of the eee nea Pacing ae 4. eggs is thus assured in an absolute fashion. Manpiste or an inter- The escape of the larvae operates as in other Corctar Avicurantum. 3: species by the rupture of the membrane which closes the ovicell. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’” N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; 82° 18’ 48’’ W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Florida, 21-56 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 5-29 meters (Osburn). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Caribbean Sea, St. Thomas and St. John (Levinsen) ; Bermuda (Verrill); Cape Verde Islands, 16 meters (Waters), and perhaps Ceylon (Thornely) and Malacca (Levinsen). Geologic distributtion.—Upper Miocene of Virginia to Florida; Plio- cene of Florida; Pleistocene of South Carolina, Florida, and Panama. Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7600, 70861, U.S.N.M. art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 93 Genus SCHIZOPODRELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917 SCHIZOPODRELLA INCRASSATA, new species Plate 9, Figures 1—4 21923. Gemelliporella vorax Canu and BassuEr part, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 111, pl. 19, fig. 1. Description —The zoarium encrusts algae, or more often develops into bilamellar fronds, dichotomous and compressed laterally. The young zooecia only are distinct, elongated, convex, all the others are indistinct with thick frontal and with irregularly arranged avicu- laria; the frontal is formed by an olocyst perforated by very small pores surmounted by a very thick tremocyst with large scattered pores. The ovicell of the young zooecia is globular and of the other zooecia is little visible, not salient, embedded in the calcified wall of the tremocyst; it is finely porous. Two small avicularia are arranged symmetrically on each side of the apertural sinus; a large zooecial avicularium, orbicular and salient, is distributed irregularly on the old zooecia. ha=0.10 mm. la =0.06-0.08 mm. Lz=0.40 mm. lz=0.30 mm. Structure—This species is very difficult to study because of its ir- regularity and its structure is visible only on preparations. Even on the young zooecia the tremopores are not apparent. They appear, on the contrary, very clearly on the interior especially on preparations examined by transparency. The muscular attachments of the oper- culum are placed far from the edge and toward the superior part. It is probable that Figure 1, on plate 19 of our 1923 work, which we have considered as a variety of Gemelliporella voraz, really belongs to the present species. Our specimens were in reproduction March 19, 1885. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30fms.; gray sand, broken coral (bilamellar). Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand (unila- mellar). ? Pliocene of South Carolina. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7585, U.S.N.M. SCHIZOPODRELLA FLORIDANA Osburn, 1914 Plate 10, Figures 4-6; text Figure 15 d, e Measurements—Aperturo| Young zooecia| 1914. Schizoporella floridana OspuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, no. 182, p. 205, figs. 17, 18. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72, 1923. Schizopodrella floridana Canu and BassuprR, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Muse- um, p. 106, pl. 16, figs. 11-15. Measurements. —Aperture, ” = 0.17—-0.20 mm. =0.15 mm. ‘ cae .85-90 mm. Zooecia lz= variable. Struciure.—In 1923 we figured a group of marginal zooecia oriented. and deprived of the large frontal avicularium. The other zooecia are arranged in every way; they bear an enormous, very salient avicu- lartum which has furnished us the mandible. This lack of orientation explains the irregularities of our section of 1923; it approaches, how- ever, that Waters figured, 1918, for Schizoporella viridis and in which the arrangement indicated the independence of the superposed lamel- lae in the multilamellar colonies. OO A Fic. 15.—GENuS SCHIZOPODRELLA CANU AND BASSLER, 1917. A-C. SCHIZOPODRELLA PUNGENS, NEW SPECIES. A, B. TWO OPERCULA, X 85. C. MANDIBLE, X 85. D, E. SCHIZOPODRELLA FLORIDANA OsBurN, 1914. D. OpERCULUM. E. MANDIBLE OF A LARGE AVICULARIUM. F, G@. SCHIZOPODRELLA FALCIFERA, NEW SPECIES. F. OPERCULUM. G. MANDIBLE OF LARGE INTERZOOECIAL AVICULARIUM i= The operculum is light colored. It has no peculiarities of form. On the interior the tremopores are not visible at an enlargement of X20, but they are apparent by transparency; there are no as for the articulation of the operculum. Biology.—The colonies form voluminous masses attaining the size of the fist, according to the number of superposed lamellae. The latter curve around and surround a small stony fragment; sometimes the substratum is an algal frond and it is necessary that the colony be very light in spite of its large volume. “The color ranges from pure white to dark purplish and red”’ (Osburn). The frontal ectocyst is alone colored; the interior of the zooecia as well as all the calca- reous skeleton is not colored. Only the young marginal zooecia have the aspect shown in Osburn’s figure. The other cells are unoriented, the oral avicularium is lack- art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 95. ing or is much reduced and the large frontal avicularium is often wanting. Our living specimens were in reproduction January 30, 1884. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2363, east of Yucatan; 22° 07’ 30’’ N.; 87° 06’ 00’’ W.; 21 fms.; white coral rock. Geologic distribution.—Miocene of North Carolina and Florida. Plesvotypes.—Cat. No. 7582, U.S.N.M. SCHIZOPODRELLA FALCIFERA, new species Plate 10, Figures 2, 3; text Figure 15 f, g Description —The zoarium encrusts Cellepores. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a shallow furrow, rectangular; the frontal is a tremocyst with small pores and is little convex. The aperture is placed eccentrically, rarely in the zooecial median axis. It is suborbicular with a rather deep proximal, triangular sinus. A small avicularium is placed at the side of the aperture; it is very thin and elongated. On the zoarial surface appears sporadically a large, very elongated somewhat falciform avicularium placed on a salient eminence. {fha=0.15 mm. (la =0.15 mm. Lz=0.45-0.50 mm. lz =0.30-0.35 mm. Affimties—The operculum is of the Schizopodrella type; the two muscular attachments are removed from the border. This species resembles Schizopodrella longirostris Hincks, 1886, in the often eccentric position of its aperture but differs from it in the very different form of its zoarial avicularium which covers two or three zooecia. Ourspecimen was in reproduction January 30, 1905. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2365, east of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00’’ N.; 87° 04’ 00’’ W.; 24 fms.; white rock coral. Holotype-—Cat. No. 7583, U.S.N.M. SCHIZOPODRELLA PUNGENS, new species Plate 27, Figures 5-12; text Figure 15 a—c Measurements —Aperture Zooecial Description —The zoarium encrusts shells’ or soft algae at their bifurcation. It is unior multi lamellar. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is convex and formed by a granular tremocyst with large pores. It is ornamented with a more or less ‘salient umbo placed on the median axis in the vicinity of the apertura. The apertura is somewhat elongated; the anter is large and semicircular; the poster is small, distinct, with a broad rounded rimule; the peristome is thin, salient, furnished with very short spines... The oral avicularium is thin, triangular, with very salient beak; it is placed obliquely, adjacent to 06 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 the poster and on one side only. The ovicell is large globular, porous, covering a large portion of the distal zooecium. M easuremenis.—Aperturay (2 i oe or Lz=0.60-0.75 mm. lz=0.30-0.40 mm. Variations —The colonies have generally the aspect of hollow tubes of a half centimeter in diameter, irregularly ramified, and of a length measuring as much as 3 centimeters. ‘These tubes are never ancestrular. One of these colonies still had its base fixed on a small shell and then developed, forming an arborescent ensemble. Although living, as no trace of the alga was observed at the center of the tubes, we suppose that the latter was very fragile and naturally was destroyed during cleaning of the specimens. The avicularia are the most variable organs. Their beak is very salient and at times perpendicular to the apertural plane. On certain zooecia they are placed exactly on the frontal. They are generally oriented obliquely toward the top of the colony, but this orientation varies considerably according to the irregularity of the substratum and of the budding; rarely the point is oriented toward the base. Their length varies from one branch to another (0.20 mm. to 0.30 mm). Whatever the orientation or size may be, the mandible is always low- ered on the rimule. The zooecia of the external lamella are very often irregularly ori- ented. The size of the frontal mucro is equally variable. Affinities.—This new species differs from Schizopodrella isabelleana Smitt, 1873, in its elongated and nontransverse aperture, in the pres- ence of a frontal mucro, and in its larger avicularia. The projections on the zoarial surface made by the umbo and by the avicularia give it a prickly eee which enables the species to be rather easily distinguished. On specimens boiled in Javelle water the aperture shows the same features as in Schizopodrella isabelleana; on each side of the rimule there are two very small secondary speeniaskioine. Biology—tThe avicularia are not zooecial but they are indeed oral avicularia not only because their occurrence is constant but also because the mandible in opening comes always in immediate con- tact with the rimule. Their function remains mysterious but it appears in connection with the hydrostatic system. The larva fixes itself on dead shells which the colony surrounds in developing their many lamellae. If the shell is small the ensem- ble must be very light and buoyant. But the colonies develop with much more ease on shells already covered with algae or with radicles. They encrust the latter, forming the curious tubes described pre- Zooccia| ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 97 viously. These tubes are frequently separated from the primitive shell and form floating masses. Occurrence —Gulf of Mexico, Cedar Keys, Florida. Albatross Sta- tion D. 2362, east of Yucatan; 22° 8’ 30’’ N.; 86° 53’ 30’’ W.; 25 fms.; coral sand. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7586, U.S.N.M. SCHIZOPODRELLA ISABELLEANA Smitt, 1873 Plate 27, Figures 1-4 1873. Hippothoa isabelleana Sm1rt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 166-168 (not D’Orbigny, 1835). ha=0.10-0.12 mm. la =0.13-0.14 mm. Lz=0.50-0.60 mm. lz=0.30-0.45 mm. Structure-—The colonies are multilamellar; they encrust algae at their bifurcation and have the aspect of irregularly ramified hollow tubes. The transverse section is not at all that of the Cellepores and Figure 167 of Smitt is perfectly exact. The zooecia are rhomboidal or irregular; they are not always well oriented. The ectocyst is rather thick but the tremopores are quite visible by transparency. The details of the aperture are quite visible, especially on specimens boiled in Javelle water, and they are identical with those of Schizopo- drella pungens. 'The poster bears two very small indentations placed symmetrically on each side of the rimule. This character does not exist in the other species of the genus. The aperture is always some- what transverse. , The ovicell is porous like the frontal and is never closed by the operculum; it is quite globular, placed on the distal zooecium, which it covers about half.. On the inferior face of the zoarial lamellae the zooecia have a structure analogous to that which Barroso in 1918 and 1921 observed on Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. The proximal border of each cell is ornamented with four to six very long denticles quite visible by transparency on our figure. Barroso, 1918, figured them viewed from the interior, and he remarks: Measurements.—Aperture| Zooecia| En el angulo que forman la pared de la base y la parte inferior de las zoecias existen uno surcos, siete de ordinario, separados par pequeifias costillas que estan como reforzando la union de los dos paredes; no puede ap:eciarse claramente en los citados surcos perforacién, locual las daria significacion de poros de commun- icacién interzoeciales.® 9 Barroso, Bol. real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, vol. 18, p. 409 (Sep. 2) (1918). 58513—28 7 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 Affinities —The determination of this species is not always easy, for it may be confused with two other species of the same general aspect and with analogous dimensions. It differs from Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766, in the nature of its ovicell which does not hide the aperture, and in its much larger apertural rimule. It differs from Schizopodrella pungens, new species, in the absence of an umbo on the frontal and in its transverse and nonelongated aperture. It is not Escharina isabelleana D’Orbigny, 1839, in which the avicularium is placed at the side of the anter and in which the affinities according to Waters, 1906, are rather with Schizopodrella uwnicornis Johnston, 1847. Biology.—Our colonies were bluish; this is perhaps what Smitt wished to express in writing that his were of purplish blue tint. They were ovicelled, but as we have not seen the ancestrula it is probable that this was not the month of the escape of the larva and of the fixation. The avicularia have generally a very salient beak oriented obliquely toward the superior part of the zooecia. Their presence is constant. They are often adjacent to the poster, never the anter. We think that they are oral and that their presence is to supply some internal function of which we are unfortunately ignorant. In the other species of this genus the avicularia are frequently two in number, symmetri- cally placed on each side of the aperture; it would be convenient then to place Schizopodrella pungens and S. isabelleana in a special section. The colonies fixed on algae belong to the category of floating bryo- zoa. They have not necessarily lived at the place where they were dredged and they do not therefore furnish exact bathymetric data. Occurrence —St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, West Indies; Florida, 27 meters (?) (Smitt). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, northwest Panama. Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7584, U.S.N.M. Genus GEMELLIPORA Smitt, 1873 (part) GEMELILPORA GLABRA Smitt, 1873 Plate 12, Figures 1-7; text Figure 16 1885. Gemellipora glabra Busk, Bryozoa of the Challenger. Report Scientific Results Voyage Challenger, vol. 10, p. 176, pl. 25, fig. 3. 1873. Gemellipora glabra Suirr, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten - skaps Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 87, pl. 11, figs. 207-210 ha=0.18 mm. la=0.12 mm. Zooeciay 2 =1.1 mm. lz=0.5 mm. Measurements—Aperture| aRv.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 99 Structure-—The zoarium is formed of dichotomous, cylindrical branches borne by a slightly expanded discoidal base. It is entirely covered over by a thin ectocyst, allowing all the tuberosities and the tremopores of the skeleton to be visible. The latter are small and numerous. The zooecia are indistinct except at the extremity of the branches. The ovicell is salient, globular, almost entirely covered by tremopores; a median cicatrix permits the inferior olocyst to be seen. In longitudinal section the zoarial walls are very thick and perfo- rated by very numerous tubular tremopores. The transverse section shows six zooecia; the peristome is ornamented by two longitudinal lines of granules. The operculum is large, oval, with the two small lateral denticles characteristic of the genus; its decoration is rather variable. Afinities—The zoarium of Gemellipora ay punctata Canu and Bassler, 1923, is identical ».9 16 GewsrpoRAGLAmen but the present species differs from it in its Smirz, 1873, 4, B. Two as- smaller and more scattered apertures. Cee irra oa Biology.—Our specimens were in reproduc- tion. It isan equatorial species and from shallow water. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Florida, 90 meters (Smitt). Atlantic: Bahia, 16-48 meters; John Adams Bank (Busk). Plesiotypes—Cat. No. 7501, 7502, U.S.N.M. GEMELLIPORA (?) LIMBATA Smitt, 1873 1873. Gemellipora limbata Suir, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 40, pl. 11, figs. 212-214. We have found some zooecia of this remarkable monoserial species. They were dead and we have not been able to make a close study of them. We have preserved Smitt’s generic name, although the spe- cies appears to us to belong to the genus Lagenzpora. The diameter of the apertura is 0.09 mm. The frontal is smooth. or areolated. Biology.—The zoarium encrusts Cellepores (Smitt), shells, or nulli- pores. It is a species of great depths. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2152, 2144 miles northwest of Habana Light; 387 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 10° 39’’ N.; 82° 18’ 48’” W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Florida, 763 meters (Smitt). 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Genus GEMELLIPORIDRA Canu and Bassler, 1927. The ovicell is hyperstomial and is always closed by the operculum. The frontal and the ovicell are covered by tremopores. The aperture bears two small lateral indentations separating a very large suborbic- ular anter from a very small concave poster. The operculum bears two lateral marks corresponding to oral indentations and two linear muscular attachments. There are two oral avicularia irregularly arranged on each side of the aperture. The complete colonies are multilamellar, and the zooecia are then badly oriented. Genotype—Gemelliporidra typica Canu and Bassler, 1927. Recent. Range—Pleistocene. Recent. The other known species are: Gemelliporidra aculeata, new species, Recent, Gulf of Mexico. Gemelliporidra magniporesa, new species, Recent, Gulf of Mexico. Gemelliporidra (Cyclicopora) multilamellosa Canu and Bassler, 1923, Pleistocene, Panama Canal Zone. This genus is very close to Gemellipora Smitt, 1873, in the form of the operculum and of the aperture in which the lateral indentations serve for the insertion of two corresponding denticles on the oper- culum. It differs in a wider, rounded poster and in its larger, rectangular zooecia poorly oriented (celleporine structure of Smitt). Asin Hippodiplosella, there are two linear bands on the operculum. Gemelliporidra differs from this genus in the absence of cardelles, in the presence of two indentations in the aperture, in two lateral denticles on the operculum, and in the muscular attachments much less clear and more irregular. The genus is known only in the Tropical Zone of the Atlantic. GEMELLIPORIDRA TYPICA Canu and Bassler, 1927 Plate 11, Figures 1-4, text Figures 17 a—c 1927. Gemelliporidra typica CANv and BasstsER, Classification Cheilostoma- tous Bryozoa. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 69, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 9. Description.—The zoarium is uni or multi lamellar. The zooecia are large, rectangular, distinct, separated by a salient thread, oriented in all directions, little elongated; the frontal is convex, formed of a perforated olocyst surmounted by a granular tremocyst in which the lateral pores are much larger. The aperture is suborbicular and provided with two lateral indentations separating a very large anter from a concave and sinuous poster. The ovicell is globular and dis- posed between the olocyst and the tremocyst of the distal zooecium. On each side of the aperture there is a triangular avicularium with pivot, obliquely arranged, with the beak adjacent to the peristome and directed towards the median zooecial axis. art.14 FOSSIL AND. RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 101 ha=0.22 mm. Measurements.—Aperture\ =0.19 mm. Zooecial 7 ee lz=0.90 mm. Structure —The width of the aperture varies from 0.15 to 0.28 mm. The form is orbicular, a little elongated or transverse. On the trans- verse aperture two very small lateral indentations are visible as in Gemellipora, but it is an exterior aspect occasioned by the presence of two small cardelles. Moreover, this form is not constant and the corresponding opercula are of two kinds—one is regular, the other has a small lateral constriction. The opercular muscles are attached to two lateral bands very close to the border. ° The ovicell is buried on the distal zooecium and developed between its olocyst and its tremocyst; it is of the same structure as the frontal; it is relatively small and closed by the operculum. On each side of the aperture there is a transverse thread jointed to the salient thread separating the zooecia. These threads do not limit the zooecia dis- tally, although the aperture appears in a terminal projection; in the interior the aperture is removed from the distal border. eQO “gS ekes Fic. 17.—OPERCULA OF GEMELLIPORIDRA CANU AND BASSLER, 1927. A-C. GEMELLIPORIDRA TYPICA CANU AND BASSLER, 1927. ORDINARY, ELONGATE AND TRANSVERSE OPERCULA, X 85. D, #. GEMELLIPORIDRA MAGNIPOROSA, NEW SPECIES. TWO OPERCULA SHOWING VARIATION, X 85. FF. G. GEMELLIPORIDRA ACULEATA, NEW SPECIES. F. RARE FORM OF OPERCULUM. G. ORDINARY OPERCULUM WITH THE THICK PART OF INNER LINE INDICATING THE INSERTION OF THE OPERCULAR MUSCLES The frontal is a granular tremocyst; the lateral tremopores are large, the others are very small. As in all the multilamellar species, the orientation of the zooecia is not constant; sporadically inverted zooecia develop and disarrange the primitive orientation. The avicularium is placed laterally in the vicinity of the aperture. It is long, triangular, acuminated, provided with a pivot; its beak is directed toward the top and toward the median axis of the zooe- cium. As itis net constant, its function is only accessory; it does not replace an essential organ of the zooecium itself. In spite of its position, we consider it as a zoarial avicularium of oxygenation. On 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 several of our specimens it changes its position and becomes trans- verse. The micrometric measurements are quite inconstant and vary from single to double, but the general structure remains always the same. The transverse section indicates that the zooecia of the superposed lamellae arranged in rows and not in quincunx. Biology.—This species forms large, free colonies, but the lamellae are superposed only on one side. It is incrusted by small species of bryozoa. It appears to prefer the great depths. The dredgings of the Albatross showed it to have been in reproduction from January to May. « Occurrence.—Albaiross Station D. 2167, off Havana, Cuba; 23° 107 40’ N; 82° 20’ 30’’ W.; 201 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06” W; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2330, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 48’’ N.; 82° 19’ 15’’ W; 121 fms.; gray coral. Pleistocene: Panama Canal Zone. Cotypes—Cat. Nos. 7505, 7506, U.S.N.M. GEMELLIPORIDRA ACULEATA, new species Plate 9, Figure 5; text Figure 17 f, g Description.—The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are dis- tinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical, or subrec- tangular on the zoarial margin; the frontal is convex, covered by a eranular tremocyst with very small pores. The aperture is orbicular or somewhat transverse; the cardelles are small; the peristome is a little salient, granular, and formed by the tremocyst. ‘The ovicell is globular, salient, closed by the operculum. Sporadically there are avicularian zooeciules bearing a long slender mandible in the form of a needle; they are always primoserial. ha =0.12-0.15 mm. la =0.15 mm. Lz=0.65 mm. lz=0.40 mm. Zooeciules| ~~ 5° cae lz=0.25 mm. Affinities.—This species is very well characterized by its avicularian zooeciules which are always primoserial. We have found two kinds of opercula; the more transverse belong apparently to the ovicelled zooecia; the others are surrounded by a marginal band on which the opercular muscles are laterally inserted. Our two specimens were dredged alive. Occurrence.—Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7507, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—-Aperture| Zooecia| art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 103 GEMELLIPORIDRA MAGNIPOROSA Canu and Bassler, 1923 Plate 11, Figures 5-11, text Figure 17 d, e 1923. Schizoporella magniporosa CaNvU and BassuER, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 95, pl. 45, figs. 1, 2. Measurements. —Aperture, (7 ay be a Lz=0.60 mm. Zooeeia\ 7 0.40 mm. (variable). Structure——We discovered this species in the Pleistocene of Pan- ama, but on the fossil specimens we were unable to discern the true nature of the aperture; the operculum is that of a Gemellipora but somewhat attenuated and less oval; the ornament on’ it is variable. The zooecia are not always regularly oriented. Inverse zooecia are formed sporadically and completely disarrange the regularity of the budding. We have observed this phenomenon in many genera but we are ignorant of its cause. For species with celleporine struc- ture Smitt, 1867, created the genus Herentia, but this name has not been admitted into nomenclature because of great diversity of the species. The zooecia are generally separated by a salient thread. The two small oral avicularia are triangular, with pointed and very salient beak in front of the zooecial plane; they are very difficult to illus- trate. They are constant, but sometimes one of them is lacking. The ovicell appears on the normally oriented zooecia; it is globular, closed by the operculum and covered by large tremopores like the frontal. The dimensions are quite variable especially in width. The deter- mination of isolated specimens is quite difficult. Biology—The colonies encrust bryozoa, shells, or grains of sand joined together. Many lamellae are often superposed. The for- mation of inversed zooecia is, morever, absolutely connected with the plurilamellar phase, for we have observed it in other species of very different genera. The architecture of the bryozoa is so compli- cated that it often escaped our comprehension. Our specimens were in reproduction from January to April. Occurrence —Albatross Station D. 2157, Gulf of Mexico, off Habana; 23° 10’ 04’’ N.; 82° 21’ 07’’ W.; 29 fms. Albatross Station D. 2169, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 23822 20R 20. WV 78 tis: “coral: Albatross Station D. 2362, east of Yucatan; 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; 86° 53° 30” W.; 25 fms.; coral sand. Plbivtdcbhé of Panama (Gath and Bassler). DP Toehsts! —Cat. Nos. 7503, 7504, U.'S.N.M. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 GEMELLIPORIDRA MULTILAMELLOSA Canu and Bassler, 1923 1923. Cyclicopora multilamellosa Canu and BAssuER, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National Mu- e seum; p. 138, pl. 46, figs. 3-6. This interesting fossil species is somewhat smaller than Gemellipo- riara typica and differs still more in its small and transverse aper- ture and in its much longer avicularia, with the beak always oriented toward the base of the zooecium. We were unable to establish the true structure of this species on the fossil specimens previously studied, but the discovery of three recent species now permits us to incorporate it in the genus Gemelli- poridra. Occurrence.—Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Subfamily HIPPOPORAE Canu and Bassler, 1917 Genus HIPPOPORINA Neviani, 1895 HIPPOPORINA CLEIDOSTOMA Smitt, 1873 Plate 9, Figure 7; Plate 32, Figure 5; text Figure 18 ___ 1878. Lepralia cleidosioma Surrt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlinger, vol. 11, p. 62, pl. 11, figs. 217-219. Not Waters, 1899, Norman, 1909. M easurements.—Aperture|). : 1 4 ik Lz=0.40-0.50 mm. lz =0.24—0.30 mm. Affinities.—This species is not at all Hippoporina porcellana, Busk, 1860, found at Madeira and studied successfully by Waters, 1899, 0080 M Fic. 18.—HIPPOPORINA CLEIDOSTOMA SMITT, 1873. A-H. DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE OPERCULUM WHICH IS MUCH CHITINIZED Zooecia| Cc and Norman, 1909. It differs from it in its more elongated zooecia, in its larger and more elongated operculum, and in its aperture much less removed from the distal border of the cell. This error of syn- onymy obliges us to revise our text Figure 114 of 1920. The zooecia are very small in the vicinity of the ancestrula and increase regularly up to the border of the colony. The aperture is ART, 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 105 subject to the same phenomenon so that opercula of all the sizes can be found. We have figured some of them. In comparing them with those of Waters, 1899, it is easy to note that they have neither the same proportions nor the same size and that they belong to a perfectly distinct species. The zoarial avicularium is rather rare; we have, however, observed it twice on the ancestrula. The operculum does not close the ovicell. Biology.—The colonies are rarely unilamellar and free; they gener- ally encrust shells, Cellepores, corals, and hydroids; three specimens were plurilamellar; but this celleporoid structure is very rare. ‘‘The color of the colony is shining white, either pure or with a bluish tinge’’ (Smitt). Our living specimens were in reproduction in May—April, 1885. This is one of the more common species of the Gulf of Mexico. It will be easy to dredge living specimens to study the larva, which appears to us poorly classed in the Escharellidae and its great bathy- metric range should correspond to a larger geologic distribution. Kirkpatrick believed he had discovered it in China, but he did not figure his specimens. ‘The species discovered in Japan by Ortmann, 1890, and in Queen Charlotte Island by Hincks, 1884, appear to approach more Hippoporina porcellana Busk, 1860. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’’ W.; 201 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2365, east of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00’ N.; 87° 04’ 00’ W.; 24 fms.; white rock coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Flordia; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 70° 53’ 00’ W.; 183 fms.; green sand. Plesvotypes——Cat. Nos. 7517, 7518, U.S.N.M. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Florida, 48-194 meters (Smitt). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Genus HIPPADENELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917 HIPPADENELLA FLORIDANA, new species Plate 9, Figure 8; text Figure 19a Description—The zoarium creeps over chitinous sponges. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical, more or less broad; the frontal is very convex, bordered by areolar pores, covered with a pleurocyst; the avicularian chamber is small, convex, little salient, median. The aperture is suborbicular, two short and broad cardelles separating a large anter from a small poster, 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 with proximal concave border; the peristome is very thin and very little salient. The ovicell is large, globular, placed on the distal zooecium. Measurements—Aperture|)"_« i ia Lz=0.90-1.00 mm. lz=0.35-0.50 mm. Structure.—T wo specimens only have been found, the smaller of which was destroyed in the preparation of the operculum. Zooecia, cs. . The latteris wide suborbicular; Chine the proximal border is slightly sinous, the muscular attach- A C ments are long and very little Fra. 19.—OprrcuLa, X 85. A. HIPPADENELLA FLoRI- removed from the _ border. DANA, NEW SPECIES. 8. HIPPODIPLOSIA PERTUSA ee ° ESPER, 1894. THE THICKENED PORTION OF THE IN- This 1s the typical operculum NER LINE INDICATES THE PLACE OF THE oPpERCULAR of the Hippoporae. On our uuscLrs. C. HIPPOMENELLA RUBRA, NEW SPECIES dry specimen we have not been able to verify exactly if the operculum closes the ovicell. The ecto- cyst is very thin. Occurrence.—Cedar Keys, Fla. Holotype —Cat. No. 7525, U.S.N.M. Genus HIPPODIPLOSIA Canu, 1916 HIPPODIPLOSIA PERTUSA Esper, 1794 Plate 9, Figure 6; Plate 32, Figure 10; text Figure 19b 1873. Hscharella pertusa Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 55. 1880. Lepralia periusa Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 305, pl. 438, figs. 4, 5. 1881. Lepralia periusa Juuuinn, List des Bryozoaires 4 Etretat. Bulletin Société Zoologique de France, vol. 5, p. 11. 1896. Hippoporina periusa NeviaNnt, Corellarii e Briozoi neogenici di sar- degna. Bolletina della Societ4, geologica Italiana, vol. 15, p. 15. 1896. Lepralia pertusa HenniIG, Bryozoer fran Westgrénland. Kongl. Veten- skaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, vol. 53, p. 358. 1902. Lepralia pertusa Catvet, Bryozoaires marins des cétes de Cora. Travaux Institut de Zoologie Université Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. No. 12, p. 26. 1902. Lepralia pertusa Catvet, Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette. Travaux Institut Zoologie Université Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. No. 11, p. 51. 1903. Lepralia pertusa JuuLLInN and Catvet, Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes del’ Hirondelle. Resultats du Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, fasc. 23, p. 69, fig. 134. 1905. Eschara nordlandica NorpaGaAarp, Hydrographical and biological investigations in Norwegian fiords, p. site pl. 4, fig. 32-35 (fide Nordgaard). art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 107 1906. Eschara nordlandica NoRDGAARD, Bryozoa from the second Fram Expedition, 1898-1902. Report second Norwegian Expedition Fram, p. 22. 1912. Lepralia pertusa OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region. Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 30, p. 241, pl. 26, fig. 56. 1918. Hippoporina pertusa Norpa@aarD, Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. Tromso Museums Aarshefter, vol. 40, p. 59. 1919. Hipporina pertusa OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Crocker Land Expedition. Bulletin American Museum Natural History, vol. 16, p. 611. ha=0.14—-0.18 mm. la =0.18-0.20 mm. rae es =0.60-0.70 mm lz=0.40-0.50 mm Structure—The frontal is formed by an olocyst surmounted by a tremocyst with small pores; the latter is incomplete in the vicinity of the aperture so that the subjacent olocyst is visible in the proximal portion of the aperture; the peristome limits the tremocyst and not the aperture and it is more or less expanded. The ovicell is developed between the olocyst and the pleurocyst of the distal zooecium in which it is embedded. The operculum closes the ovicell; it is semielliptical, transverse. The muscles are attached to a lateral point of an inner peripheral band somewhat thickened on the sides. The operculum does not resemble that which Nordgaard, 1905, illustrated for his Eschara nordlandica. The zooecia are little convex and separated by a salient thread. ; Affinities —The older bibliography of this species is rather confused; for the geographic distribution it is prudent to rely only upon deter- minations made after the publication of the more exact figures of Hincks, 1880. We do not see any great difference from Flustra mang- nevilleana Savigny-Audouin, 1828. According to Smitt, the apertu- ral width of the latter is 0.23 mm. and, according to the published figures, the zooecia are more convex, not separated by a salient thread, and the cardelles are more salient and placed a little higher. We have been able to compare directly our specimens from Habana with those of Le Croisic (France). Brology.—The species appears to be in reproduction almost all the year. It grows on algae as well as on solid bodies; but it fixes itself very rarely on siliceous pebbles. Its bathymetric range is rather large but it prefers the more shallow waters. It is rarely observed below 100 meters; one time on the Newfoundland Banks it was dredged at 155 meters of depth. It characterizes the Temperate Zone and does not extend beyond the Tropic of Cancer or the Polar Circle. Its presence in the Pacific is still doubtful. The determination of the fossils must be revised; however, it appears to begin in the Kuropean Miocene. Measurements.—Aperture| 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM _ VOL. 72 Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2362, east of Yucatan; 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; 86° 53’ 30’’ W.; 25 fms.; coral sand. Florida, 97 meters (Smith). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocus Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Geographic distribution—Northern Atlantic: Europe from the mouth of the Loire to Spitsberg. America; Florida and Greenland. Mediterranean. Plesiotype —Cat. No. 7521, U.S.N.M. Genus HIPPOMENELLA Canu Bassler, 1917 HIPPOMENELLA RUBRA, new species Plate 10, Figure 7; text Figure 19¢ Description.—The zoarium is unilamellar and creeps over algae» it is a beautiful glistening red. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep fnrrow, elongated, ovoid, swollen; the frontal is convex, ornamented by a double range of areolar pores and by small gran- ules. The aperture is large, elongated, elliptical; the peristome is salient and formed by the tremocyst; it bears six to eight large hol- low spines; it is enlarged and expanded in its proximal portion. The ovicell is large, globular, buried in the distal zooecium, closed by the operculum; it is bordered with areolar pores ornamented with costules converging toward a proximal tuberosity. The avicularia are implanted in the vicinity of the peristome; they are long, thin, triangular, tapering; their beak is directed exteriorily and turned toward the base. ha=0.15-0.18 mm. lzg=0.13-0.15 mm. Lz=0.70-0.75 mm. lz=0.60 mm. Affinities—The ancestrula is very small, its frontal is very short. The ancestrular zooecia are smaller than the marginal zooecia and are deprived of avicularia. The avicularia are inconstant and often absent; we consider them as zoarial. Hippothoa mucronata Smitt, 1873, is a species very close, perhaps identical, having the same frontal, same ovicell, the same spines, and the same color. Our species differs from it only in the presence of the avicularia and in the tuberosity of the ovicell placed lower and not in the middle. This species differs from Lepralia mucronelliformis Waters, 1899, from Madeira in its smaller dimensions, a larger aperture, and two more spines on the peristome. The discovery of this species in the Gulf of Mexico is important, - for it permits the recognition of the true characters of the genus Measurements—Aperturo| Zooccia| anr.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 109 Hippomenella abundant in the American Hocene. It is, unfortunately, very rare. Biology.—Our specimen was dredged living and was in reproduc- tion and fixation March 15, 1885. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Holotype-—Cat. No. 7516, U.S.N.M. Genus LEPRALIA Johnston, 1847 LEPRALIA PALLIOLATA, new species Plate 12, Figure 11; text Figure 20d Descripition.—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells; the zo- oecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is quite convex, smooth, formed of two superposed cal- careous lamellae. The aperture is small and formed of a large semi- circular anter separated by two cardelles from a wider poster with concave proximal border. ‘The ovicell is hyperstomial, never closed by the operculum, globular, smooth; it is formed by two calcareous lamellae of which the superior one is incomplete and limits a small frontal cicatrix. The ancestrula is very small. There is a small avicularium in front of the aperture. Measurements —Aperture| 0 i Lz=0.50 mm. lz=0.30 mm. Structure—The structure of this charming specimen is unusual. The aperture as well as the small avicularia perforates the interior lamella of the frontal, The exterior lamella almost entirely covers the frontal without burying the avicularium, bears Fig. 20.—OPERCULA OF MICROPORELLA. A, MICROPORELLA spines, and forms on the CILIATA LINNAEUS, 1758. B, C. MICROPORELLA AMPLA,. adult zooecia a kind of ay Be LEPRALIA PALLIOLATA, NEW SPECIES. false peristome at the bot- tom of which the aperture and the avicularium are placed. The zooecium appears thus to be covered with a kind of small manile. The structure of the ovicell is identical; the exterior lamella is in- complete and forms a small linear frontal cicatrix. lt is very difficult to classify this species. The presence of the oral avicularium and the vanna larger than the porta are characters nonexistent in Hippoporina. Moreover, we are ignorant of the struc- ture of the interior lamella. We have found only three specimens of this species, one of which has served in the preparation of the opercu- lum; we are not able then to continue the study. The operculum is divided into two parts and bears no muscular attachments. Zooecia| 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM _ vou, 72 Occurrence.—Albaiross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Holotype—Cat. No. 7537, U.S.N.M. LEPRALIA FISSURAT A, new species. Plate 33, Figure 1 Description.—The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are dis- tinct, separated by a furrow, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is convex, perforated by large tremopores scattered and separated by large salient granulations. The aperture is elliptical, very little elongated; two small cardelles separate a large anter from a much smaller poster; the peristome is thin, nonsalient. The ovicell is large, globular, smooth, buried on the distal zooecium, hyperstomial; it bears a long longitudinal fissure, very irregular in width. One or two small avicularia are arranged in the vicinity of the poster. ha=0.15 mm. la=0.12 mm. Lz=0.40-0.47 mm. lz=0.35-0.40 mm. Affinities —At first sight this species appears to be a Lepraliella but it differs however in its nondeltoid ovicellarian fissure and often formed by two simple pores united by a fissure. This structure is very remarkable and it is very difficult to interpret it on the fossils. The ovicell appears to be independent of the cell into which it does not open. Moreover, it is deprived of the usual transverse slit by which the larvae can escape. We can then only admit that the longitudinal fissure serves for this latter function. But this is only a supposition and the examination of recent specimens only can confirm it. We leave the species then in the old genus Lepralia, awaiting better observations. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Northwest Panama. Holoitype.—Cat. No. 70846, U.S.N.M. Measurements —Aperture| Zooecia| Subfamily MIcROPORELLAE Canu and Bassler, 1917 Genus MICROPORELLA Hincks, 1877 MICROPORELLA CILIATA Linnaeus, 1759 Text Figure 20a 1914. Microporella ciliata OspuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Publi- cation Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 208. (Re- gional bibliography.) 1923. Microporella ciliata Canu and Bassiur, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 119, pl. 20, figs. 1-6, pl. 36, figs. 4, 5. (Recent bibli- ography and geologic distribution.) ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 111 ha=0.08 mm. la =0.10-0.14 mm. £z=0.50 mm. lz=0.32 mm. The zooecial width frequently attains 0.40 mm. and there are two avicularia symmetrically arranged. Biology—Our specimens encrust nullipores, shells, bryozoa, and corals. They were almost all living and in reproduction or fixation. One time only have we seen the ectocyst slightly pigmented with green. The period of reproduction appears very long, but we have not yet enough data concerning it. Moreover, this species is quite cosmopolitan and the notes published on it are so numerous that its biology could be learned. Occurrence-—Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Tortugas, 8-29 meters (Osburn); Florida, 11-97 meters (Smitt). Measurements —Aperture| Zooecia MICROPORELLA AMPLA, new species Plate 12, Figures 8-10; text Figure 20b, c Description —The zoarium encrusts nullipores. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, little elongated, hexagonal, very broad and large; the frontal is convex and finely granular; the ascopore is small, round, marginated. The aperture is small, semi- elliptical; the peristome is little salient and bears five or six spines. The ovicell is small, globular, fringed around the orifice. The avicu- laria are arranged symmetrically on each side of the aperture; they are small, triangular; their mandible is directed upward and toward the median axis of the distal zooecium. ha=0.10 mm. Measurements —Aperture| Te Geo eee Lz=0.70-0.74 mm. lz=0.50 mm. This species is very well characterized by its large dimensions and its small avicularia. The variations in width on the same colony are extraordinary, as may be noted on our figures. The colony measured 6 square centimeters of surface. It was in reproduction. The operculum is bordered by a thick sclerite. Occurrence —Albatross Station D. 2152, 214 miles northwest of Habana Light; 387 fms.; coral. Holotype-—Cat. No. 7557, U.S.N.M. Zooccia, 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 MICROPORELLA NORMANI, new name. Plate 34, Figure 5 1909. Microporella coronata Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira, Journal Linnean Society Zoology, vol. 30, p. 297, pl. 39, fig. 4. Measurements.—Aperture|y"— ie fa Lz=0.65-0.75 mm. lz=0.40-0.55 mm. Affinities —According to Waters, 1908, Microporella coronata Audouin, 1826, is a smaller species in which the dimensions are, aperture=0.08 by 0.12 mm. and zooecia=0.56 by 0.36 mm. Norman’s figure indicates only the broad cells; our specimens contain a mixture of broad and long cells, but we have not seen other differences. This species is well characterized by its large avicularia almost adjacent to the aperture. It is very close to Microporella californica Busk, 1856, in the ensemble of its measurements and in its general characters. It differs from it only in the absence of a frontal gibbosity, in its somewhat shorter zooecia, in slightly broader aperture, and in its smaller avicularia. Waters identified these three species with that of Audouin, 1826. This is possible, for they have very much the same exterior aspect, but we prefer, however, to separate them as the materials for com- parison in our possession are not sufficient. Occurrence —Recent: Madeira. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, northwest Panama. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 70849, U.S.N.M. Genus FENESTRULINA Jullien, 1888 FENESTRULINA MALUSI Savigny-Audouin, 1826 Zooocin 1923. Fenestrulina malusi Canu and BassuErR, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 118, pl. 36, figs. 2, 3. (Bibliography, geologic, and geographic distribution.) ‘ In our work of 1923 we wrote: “It is remarkable that this very cosmopolitan species has never been observed in the western Atlantic as fossil as well as recent.” Since then we have been fortunate enough to discover two ovicelled specimens living on Stylopoma spongites in the waters of Florida. Occurrence.— Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. arvt.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 113 Family TUBUCELLARIIDAE Busk, 1884 Genus TUBUCELLARIA D’Orbigny, 1852 TUBUCELLARIA CEREOIDES Ellis and Solander, 1786 Plate 15, Figure 6; Plate 33, Figure 7 1907. Tubucellaria cereotdes WATERS, Tubucellaria: its species and ovicells. Linnean Society’s Journal Zoology, vol. 30, p. 129, pl. 15, figs. 8, 9, 15, 16. (Bibliography, geographic and geologic distribution.) 1914. Tubucellaria cereoides OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas [s 1.11 s Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 203. 1917. Tubucellaria cereoides Canu, Les Bryozoaires fossiles des terrains du’ Sud-Ouest de la France, XI, Rupelien. Bulletin Société geologique France (7 ser. 4), vol. 17, p. 857 (characteristics). This very cosmopolitan species has not yet been discovered in the western Atlantic on the American shores. Osburn, 1914, discovered one segment at Tortugas. We have been fortunate to discover three - seements at Fowey Light. We give a photograph of one of them in order to show that we are not deceived in our determination. The bushy zoaria of Tubucellaria cereoides are often attached to algae and the depth at which the segments are found is not of very great bathymetric value. Occurrence.—Kowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Tortugas, 24 meters (Osburn). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7607, U.S.N.M. Family SMITTINIDAE Levinsen, 1909 Genus CYSTISELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917 CYSTISELLA AMERICANA, new species Plate 15, Figures 7, 8 Description.—The zoarium is free and bilamellar. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, subcylidrical; the frontal is quite convex, smooth, entirely covered by the frontal avicu- larium which bears a large triangular callosity. The aperture is semicircular. The ovicell is globular, very fragile. The orifice of the avicularium is placed on the proxima! border of the aperture and in a plane perpendicular to it. ne {ha =0.10 mm. Measurements. Aperture) 7 9 18 Ga. j£z=0.80 mm. Zooecia =0.30-0.35 mm. 58513—28——8 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 The known recent species of the genus Cystisella are northern. The discovery of a fossil species in the Midwayan of Alabama with a subtropical fauna causes us to anticipate a much larger geographic distribution. We have been fortunate to discover the figured speci- men in the Gulf of Mexico near New Orleans. This new species differs from C. saccata Busk, 1856, in its smaller apertural dimensions, in the absence of two proximal pores in the avicularium cavity, in the shorter zooecium (0.80 mm. and not 1.10 mm.), and in the frontal avicularium occupying all the zooecial width. We gave a summary in 1920 (p. 480, fig. 135) of our anatomical knowledge of this remarkable genus. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2387, Gulf of Mexico; 29° 24’ 00’’ N.; 88° 04’ 00’’ W.; 32 fms.; sand, gravel, broken shells. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7479, U.S.N.M. Genus SMITTINA Norman, 1903 SMITTINA TRISPINOSA SPATHULATA Smitt, 1873 Plate 15, Figures 9-13; text Figure 21 1873. Escharella jacotina var. spathulata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, p. 59. pl. 10, figs. 199, 200. 1914. Smiitina trispinosa OsBpurRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Pub- lication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 208. (Local bibliography.) Structure—Our specimens creep over shells or sometimes are free and unilamellar. Never are they arranged on large flat surfaces, so that their photography is quite difficult. They belong to the variety spathulata jon and we have not observed any other varieties, even the other variations de- | C scribed in the same latitudes by Osburn in 1912and 1914. This variety is itself | very irregular. We have figured the | most characteristic opercula and man- D dibles. The lyrule and the cardelles are placed Fig. 21.—SMITTINA SPATHULATA SMITT, . 1873. A,B. MAnviBtEsortarceavic. OD the proximal border of the aper- ULARIA, X 85. C. OFERCULUM, X 85. ture; they are placed above the oper- D. MANDIBLE OF SMALL AVICULARI- ° et ° UM, X 85 culum and remain visible on the speci- mens with ectocyst. The frontal is granulated at the center and surrounded by many rows of areolar pores. The latter are not visible at the interior, which is perfectly smooth at a magnification of 25 diameters. A thick pleurocyst covers the olocyst. A B art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 115 The ovicell develops between the olocyst and the pleurocyst of the distal zooecium and shows all the characters of the frontal. This characteristic as well as the absence of an avicularium in the sinus of the peristomie would cause us to place this species in the genus Mu- cronella, although this change would still not satisfy scientific exact- ness. Smittina trispinosa is a very cosmopolitan species which pos- sesses powerful means of adaptation, a knowledge of which will reveal its very instructive biology. In our Philippine monograph we have tried to begin this work by putting some order in all the known varieties. In spite of the contrary opinion of Smitt, the variety spathulata is special to the Gulf of Mexico. The variety spathulata of MacGillivray and Kirkpatrick from Torres Strait differs notably in the position and form of the large avicularia. Occurrence (var. spathulata only).— Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla., 40 fms. Albatross Station D. 2362, east of Yucatan; 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; 86° 53’ 30’’ W.; 25 fms.; coral sand. Albatross Station D. 2365, east of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00’ N.; 87° 04’ 00’’ W.; 24 fms.; white rock coral. Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7594, U.S.N.M. SMITTINA ECHINATA, new species Plate 28, Figures 2, 3 Description.—The zoarium is hollow, cylindrical, surrounding the delicate radicells of algae. It emits in every direction short conical or flabelliform branches forming an ensemble with the spiny aspect of Hchinocava. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, short, elliptical; the frontal is convex and formed by a granular pleu- rocyst surmounting the olocyst; it is bordered with large areolar pores. The apertura is elliptical, orbicular, or transverse; it contains a small flat lyrule and two very small, very fragile cardelles. The oral avicularium is small and triangular with the beak oriented toward the top; it is placed to the right or to the left of the proxi- mal border of the apertura. The ovicell is large, globular, perfo- rated by some large pores. The pleurocyst does not cover it entirely and leaves a large circular area. ha=0.10 mm. Measurements.—Aportural ee Tooeciume” 3° mm. \lz=0.20 mm. Affinities —This species is extremely fertile, for on our specimens almost all of the zooecia are ovicelled. The peristone is thin and salient and is little visible on the ovicelled zooecia. ‘The small zoo- ecial dimensions and its curious colonies characterize this species very well. 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Biology.—The most fruitful species are not necessarily the most common. Smuittina echinata is a good example of this, for only a few specimens have been found. The innumerable larvae are probably an easy prey for many marine organisms. Occurrence.—Cedar Keys, Fla. Cotypes —Cat. No. 7596, U.S.N.M. SMITTINA LABELLUM, new species Plate 17, Figures 6-10; text Figures 22 a, g, h Description —The zoarium encrusts small fragments of shells and corals and often consists of two superposed lamellae. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a salient thread, somewhat elongated, irregularly rectangular; the frontal is finely granular, bordered by scattered areolar pores, convex, formed of a tremocyst with very small pores (visible only under strong magnification). The apertura is small, suborbicular; a small lyrule and two minute cardelles are placed at the bottom of the peristomie; the peristome is thin, very salient, and bears two distal spines, two large lateral notched lips, and a proximal indentation forming a pseudorimule. The ovicell is large, globular, not as broad as the zooecia, adorned with a frontal area, finely granular. The frontal of the zooecia bears avicularia of variable size, oriented diversely with semicircular or spathulate mandibles. ha =0.10mm.(?). la=0.10 mm. Lz=0.60-0.80 mm. lz =0.50-0.60 mm. Diameter of the ovicell=0.35 mm. Length of the large avicularia=0.35 mm. Variations.—Irregularity is the rule here, for no zooecium resembles its neighbor. The development of the apertural lips is very incon- stant; they are very large in the protected portions; the exposed portions of the colony are deprived of them, but the peristome always exhibits two indentations—a proximal one in the pseudorimule and a distal one for the two spines. Certain zooecia have no avicularia; others have two or three; their form, position, orientation, and size are difficult of accurate description. Often a small triangular avicularium is adjacent to one of the peristomial! lips; it is not clearly visible because of its position perpendicular to the zooecial plane. Exteriorily the frontal does not appear perforated, and this species could be placed in the genus Smittina as we have defined it. How- ever, in a special preparation it appears perforated by very small tremopores when they are examined at a suitable magnification Measuremenis.—Apertura| Zooecium| ART. 14 117 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER (X 85); their diameter is in the neighborhood of six-thousandths of a millimeter (0.006 mm.) Affinities —This species differs from Smittina trisprnosa Johnston, 1838, in its larger dimensions, in the presence of two oral spines, and in the greater diameter (0.35 mm.) of its ovicell. It differs from Smitiina tripora Canu and Bassler of the Philippines in the absence of two rather constant peristomial avicularia and in the presence of a large frontal avicularium. The 8S. trispynosa group is very disconcerting in its zooecial irregu- larity and its false tremocyst. We were inclined to form a special genus for it, but we do not yet see any physiologic function which could differentiate it from other Smittina. However, it is a homo- geneous group to the trained eye of the specialist. Smiitia collaris, variety Waters, 1883, a fossil of the Miocene at Muddy Creek, Aus- tralia, is another species of the same group in which a small tongue sometimes re- places the distal spines. Biology—Our specimens were living and ovicelled January 19,1885. The great irregularity of the avicularia is difficult to understand. It is difficult to admit that chance and fantasy are the only reasons for their pres- ence; they are not ornaments but they are indeed special organs always in activity. Fig. 22.—FAMILY SMITTINIDAE, A. SMITTINA LABELLUM, Their appearance seems to be in connection with an immediate necessity, but es- sentially variable and chang- ing, that each cell contributes to the profit of the colony. NEW SPECIES. OPERCULUM, X 85 DOUBTFULLY REFERRED HERE. B. UMBONULA UNDULATA, NEW SPECIES. OPER- CULUM, X 85. C, D. PALMICELLARIA AVICULIFERA, NEW seEcizs. C. OPERCULUM, X 85. D. MANDIBLE, X 250. EH, F. RHAMPHOSTOMELLA MAGNIROSTRIS, NEW SPECIES, EH. MANDIBLE, X 85. F. LARGE MANDIBLE, X 85. G. #H, SMITTINA LABELLUM, NEW SPECIES. TWO OPERCULA, xX 85 There is then an undoubted instinct, almost a kind of reasoning, permitting an adaption more easily to its environment. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2339; 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; 82220! 15’’ W.; 191 fms. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Florida, 21 and 71 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, low water, 20 meters (Osburn). Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7560, U.S.N.M. 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Genus MUCRONELLA Hincks, 1880 MUCRONELLA EGYPTIACA Waters, 1909 Plate 17, Figures 1-5 1909. Smitiia egyptiaca Waters, Bryozoa from the Red Sea. Linnean Society’s Journal, Zoology, vol. 31, p. 157, pl. 15, fig. 6, 9. ha=0.10-0.12 mm. la=0.12 mm. Lz=0.40-0.60 mm. lz=0.40 mm. Affinities —The colonies encrust probably small ramified algae; they have the aspect of small, hollow bifurcated tubes of 5 mm. diameter. Because of this particular form the zooecia have variable micrometric measurements; our photographs represent the most regular cells. The lyrule is broad and little salient; the small cardelles are almost on the transverse median axis of the aperture. The mucro is little salient. The small oral avicularium is very inconstant. We have seen no essential differences from Water’s species. If the cells appear more regular, the same colony bears others absolutely analogous to those illustrated by this author. In their ensemble, the micrometric measurements are identical. Our specimens were living and ovicelled. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2389, Gulf of Mexico; 29° 287 00’’ N.; 87° 56’ 00’’ W.; 27 fms.; gray sand, broken shells. Red Sea; Khor Dongola; Engineer Island; Ras el Millau, Sinai Coast (Waters). Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7561, U.S.N.M. Genus PALMICELLARIA Alder, 1864 PALMICELLARIA AVICULIFERA, new species Plate 17, Figures 14-16; text Figure 22 c, d M easturements, Aperture] Zooccia4 Description.—The zoarium encrusts grains of hard clay. The zooe- cia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, large, cylindrical; the frontal is smooth, very convex, surrounded by very small scattered areolar pores. The aperture is semielliptical and transverse, with a slightly concave proximal border; it is placed at the bottom of a deep peristomie; the peristome is thick, very salient; it bears a very sali- ent round avicularium, without pivot, and four or five other smaller avicularia irregularly placed. The ovicell is large, globular, some- what transverse, opening widely in the peristomie above the operculum. art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 119 ha=0.15-0.20 mm. la =0.20-0.25 mm. Lz=0.70-0.80 mm. lz2=0.40-0.50 mm. Structure—The operculum is very thin, bell-shaped; two long lat- eral bands placed very near the border serve as attachments for the muscles. The operculum and the mandible of the small peristomial avicularia have the aspect of those of Porella. Affinities—In the list of species of Palmicellaria which we pub- lished in 1923, we forgot a beautiful species from the English Crag, Palmicellaria (Lepralia) bicornis Busk, 1859. Our American species approaches it very closely but differs from it in its somewhat larger micrometric dimensions, in its larger and more salient ovicell, and in the presence of more than two accessory peristomial avicularia. Our specimens were in reproduction April 12, 1886. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2650, Bahama Islands; 23° 34’ 30” N.; 76° 34’ 00” W.; 369 fms.; coral sand, white ooze. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7565, U.S.N.M. Genus UMBONULA Hincks, 1880 UMBONULA UNDULATA, new species Plate 17, Figures 11-13; text Figure 22b Measurements.—Aperture (interior){ Zooecia (interior){ Description.—The zoarium is free, bilamellar with undulated fronds. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, elliptical, somewhat elongated; the frontal is very convex, decorated by four or five pairs of large costules oriented toward a small avicularian umbo which covers the lyrule. The aperture is semielliptical, trans- verse, with rounded lateral angles; it is placed at the bottom of a short peristomie; the peristomice is transverse or elongated. The ovicell is globular, smooth, or costulated. fha=0.12 mm. la =0.10 mm. Lz=0.50-0.60 mm. lz=0.25 mm. Variations —The avicularian umbo is not constant; it is often replaced by a sinus of the peristome at the bottom of which the lyrule is visible. The operculm is thickened, chitinous, golden yellow; it is semielliptical and the proximal border is straight or convex. The ovicells are very numerous on the colony and yet the species is very rare; the larvae probably do not know how to choose their substratum. Measurements.—Aperture Zooocia| 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 The peristomice is much larger than the aperture; it opens the locella in which the operculm operates and which serves as a passage for the larvae. Occurrence.—Cedar Keys, Fla. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7610, U.S.N.M. 4 Genus RHAMPHOSTOMELLA Lorenz, 1886 RHAMPHOSTOMELLA MAGNIROSTRIS, new species Plate 19, Figures 5-7; text Figure 22 e, f Description.—The zoarium is free, uni, or bi lamellar; the fronds are very irregular. The zooecia are little distinct, separated by a furrow, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is convex, bordered with areolar pores and ornamented with irregular costules. The aperture is large, elliptical, transverse, or suborbicular; the proximal border bears a wide lyrule placed eccentrically; the avicularian umbo is salient, arranged obliquely and partially covering the aperture. The ovicell is large, globular, formed of two calcareous lamellae and orna- mented with punctations. ha=0.25 mm. la =0.22 mm. fz=0.75 mm. lz=0.40 mm. Variations —The much calcified zooecia present fantastic forms; strong salient threads unite the ovicells, the frontal becomes concave, the lyrule disappears, the avicularian umbo is lacking, and it is re- placed sporadically by an eno*mous avicularium with a large triangu- lar mandible. Affiniies.—The genus Rhamphostomella is very common in the recent northern seas. Its presence in the Priabonian of the Vicentin, | Italy, in the Jacksonian of the two Carolinas and of Georgia and in the Vicksburgian of Alabama proves that it can inhabit the warmer waters and approach the equatorial zone. Its presence in Florida confirms this observation deduced from paleontology. In the form of its elliptical operculum this new species approaches ERhamphostomella cosiata Lorenz, 1886, but differs from it im its free zoarium and its smaller and more irregular costules. It approaches more khamphostomella bilaminata Hincks, 1877, dredged more to the north in the American waters but differs from it in its large lyrule and in the presence of its large sporadic avicularia. The operculum is very thick, elliptical, little resembling the form of the aperture. Its margins are thin. Occurrence.—Cedar Keys, Fla. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7579, U.S.N.M. Measurements —Aperture| Zooecial = art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 121 Genus BRYOCRYPTELLA Cossmann, 1906 BRYOCRYPTELLA CONVEXA, new species Plate 28, Figure 8 Description.—The zoarium encrusts fragments of shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, fusiform, very convex. The frontal is formed by an olocyst surmounted by a- detachable pleurocyst and is surrounded by large areolar pores. The avicularian cavity forms a salient boss surrounded by five or six pores. The apertura is semicircular, without lyrule or cardelles. The avicularium is round, cylindrical, opening into the peristomie perpendicularly to the operculum. The ovicell is large, globular; the pleurocyst is often incomplete and then limits a circular area. {ha =0.13 mm. la =0.15-0.20 mm. Toman os =0.85-1.00 mm. lz=0.40-0.60 mm. Affinities —The zooecial measurements are rather variable; the width increases when the length diminishes. The zooecial structure is absolutely identical with that of Bryocryptella torquata Jullien, 1903, from the Gulf of Gascogny, but the present species differs in its incrusting instead of arborescent colony. The structure of the ovicell being identical with that of the zooecial frontal, we can not class the genus in the family Escharellidae. Moreover, Jullien classed it in the family of Lepraliidae. Our specimens were dead and deprived of their chitinous appendages. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2650, Bahamas, 595 meters. Holotype—Cat. No. 7468, U.S.N.M. Measurements —Aperture BRYOCRYPTELLA RETICULATA, new species Plate 18, Figures 1-3 21873. Retepora reticulata Smitr, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 69, pl. 13, figs. 242, 244. Description —The zoarium is free, reticulated, with wide meshes; the branches are formed by two longitudinal rows of cells. ‘The zooecia are little distinct, very elongated, with finely granular surface. The peristomice is suborbicular; the apertura located at the bottom of a deep peristomie is not visible. A small avicularium is lodged in the proximal portion of the peristomie. The ovicell is very convex; its contours are indecisive; it opens into the peristomie. Measurements —Peristomice, Diameter, 0.15-0.20 mm. Lz=0.70-0.80 mm. l2=? Affinities —The indistinct zooecia and the reticulated zoarium distinguish this species clearly from Bryocryptella torquata Jullien, Zooecia| 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 1903, and from Bryocryptella koehlert Calvet, 1896. Very probably Reticulipora reticulata Smitt, 1872, is the same species. However, Smitt figured a longitudinal slit on the ovicell and some vibices on the dorsal which we have not observed on our specimen. Biology.—The two known species of this genus live in deep waters of the Gulf of Gascogny. Bryocryptella reticulata descends still lower. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2343, north of Cuba; 23° 11’ 35’” N.; 82° 19’ 25’’ W.; 279 fms.; fine coral. ? Havana, 437 meters (Smitt). Cotypes—Cat. No. 7464, U.S.N.M. Family RETEPORIDAE Smitt, 1867 Genus RETEPORA Imperato, 1599 RETEPORA MARSUPIATA Smitt, 1873 Plate 18, Figures 7-13; text Figure 23 a 1873. Retepora marsupiata Smit, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 67, pl. 18, figs. 245-254. 1904. Retepora marsupiata OspuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Pub- lication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 200. We have observed very few specimens of this beautiful species. They resemble especially Figures 252 and 253 of Smitt, and do not bear avicularia. However, the latter appear on some rare cells and we do not doubt that Smitt’s observations are perfectly correct. We doubt much, on the con- trary, the exactitude of the synonymy indicated by Smitt and Osburn. ae, In our monograph on the G bryozoa of the Philippines we have given a long study FIG. 23.—APPENDAGES OF RETEPORIDAE. A. RETEPORA 1 o es MARSUPIATA SMITT, 1873. OPERCULUM, X 85. B, C. ot the biology of the Re SCHIZELLOZOON ELONGATUM, NEW SPECIES. B. MAN- tepores. DIBLE OF A FRONTAL AVICULARIUM, X 85. C. OpERCULUM, The operculum is thick, ae light colored, semicircular. Biology.—Our specimens were in reproduction from January to March. ‘The color is a delicate pink” (Osburn). The bathymetric distribution of this species is very great. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2117, Caribbean Sea; 15° 24’ 40” N.; 63° 31’ 30’” W.; 683 fms.; yellow mud, fine sand. Albatross Station D. 2411, Gulf of Mexico; 26° 33’ 30’” N.; 83° 15’ 30’ W.; 27 fms.; fine white sand, black specks. Florida, 16-424 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 16-29 meters (Osburn). Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7577, U.S.N.M. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 123 Genus SCHIZELLOZOON Canu and Bassler, 1917° SCHIZELLOZOON ELONGATUM, new species Plate 19, Figures 1-4; text Figure 23 b, c Description.—The zoarium is bushy and reticulated; the branches have two or three longitudinal ranges of zooecia; the fenestrae are very long, very large, generally much wider than the branches. The dorsal is quite convex, finely granular; the vibices are very salient and form two rows of losanges irregularly alternating; two or three small orbicular avicularia appear on each losange. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a salient thread, elongated, very large, subhex- agonal; the frontal is convex, very finely granular. The apertura is suborbicular, buried at the bottom of the peristomie, with a very broad proximal rimule. The peristomie is thin, salient, expanded, notched; in its proximal part is a reteporidian pore opening into the peristomie. The ovicell is convex, much elongated, adorned with a large longitudinal slit. The frontal bears two very small orbicular avicularia and sporadically a large, very salient, triangular acuminate avicularium with mandible turned toward the base. ha=? Measuremenis.—Apertural, EG pot) te ae £2z=0.85-1.00 mm. lz =0.60-0.70 mm. Maximum length of fenestrae, 8.00 mm. Diameter of branches, 1.5 mm. Affinities.—The opercula were altered or absent on our specimens; ‘we have not been able to make a good preparation and we have given only an approximate one. The large mandibles are triangular, much thickened, marginated, with a large proximal lucida. Only Retepora wallichiana Hincks, 1877, of the northern seas can be compared to the present species in the length of its fenestrae. It differs in its wider and more robust branches and in its large ovicell- arian indentation. Occurrence-—Albatross Station D. 2666; 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; 79° 49’ 00’’ W.; 270 fms. Cotypes.—-Cat. No. 7587, U.S.N.M. Zooecium| Genus RHYNCHOZOON Hincks, 1891 RHYNCHOZOON CORNIGER, new species Plate 34, Figure 6 Description —The zoarium encrusts nullipores. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, much more elongated at the periphery than at the center of the colony. The frontal is convex, smooth, surrounded by large areolar pores. It bears above the aperture a very salient avicularium umbo and two smaller pedunculate cylin- 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 drical avicularia. The aperture is elliptical, transverse; the proximal rimule is very broad and of little depth. The ovicell is large, convex, formed of two calcareous pellicules of which the superior is incomplete and limits a large irregular frontal area. ha=0.07 mm. Measurements —Aper ture} Ag eh mae fz=0.50 mm. Mt =0.35 mm. Affinities —This new species differs from Rhynchozoon vaughani Canu and Bassler, 1923, from the Miocene at Bowden, Jamaica, in its much smaller dimensions. It differs from Rhynchozoon levigatum Canu and Bassler, 1923, from the Pleistocene at Mount Hope, Panama, in the presence of two small pedunculate avicularia. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Holotype—Cat. No. 70854, U.S.N.M. Genus RETEPORELLA Busk, 1884 RETEPORELLA PROMINENS, new species Plate 18, Figures 4-6 Zooecia (marginal) y. Description —The zoarium is free, arborescent; the branches are compressed, elliptical in section, dichotomous, formed of four longi- tudinal rows of cells. The zooecia are indistinct but slightly outlined by the vibices arranged in lozenge-shaped areas. The frontal is flat, finely granular. The peristomie is very salient, tubulose; the peris- tome is thick, orbicular, slashed. In the peristomie there is a small crown of very short and numerous spicules. The ovicell bears a longitudinal fissure; it is marginated. On the dorsal the vibices are arranged. aisles in the species thus outlined there: are one or two very small rounded avicularia. _ Measurements .—Diameter of peristome = 0.13-0.20 mm. Diameter of peristomice = 0.12 mm. Length of peristomie =0.15-0.20 mm. Lz=0.75-0.85 mm. lz=0.35 mm. We are not able to determine the true form of the aperture nor that of the operculum. We have then classed this species in the zoarial genus Reteporella Busk, 1884, which remains as before a genus for uncertain species of this group. Occurrence.— Albatross Station D. 2354, east of Yucatan; 20° 59’ 30’’ N.; 86° 23’ 45’” W.; 130 fms:; ‘coral. Holotype —Cat. No. 7578, U.S.N.M. Zooecia, ant.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 125 Family STOMACHETOSELLIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1917 Genus CIGCLISULA Canu and Bassler, 1927 CIGCLISULA SERRULATA Smitt, 1873 Plate 20, Figures 1-14; text Figure 24 1873. Porina serrulata Smitr, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 27, pl. 5, figs. 116-125. Measurements—Peristomice| A an 3 vee! Lz=0.60-0.65 mim. lz =0.25-0.30 mm. Siructure and variations—The zoarium is bilamellar; the fronds are narrow and bifurcate like the horns of a deer. The base is cir- cular, little expanded, concave; it appears, therefore, to attach itself to small algae. The marginal zooecia are distinct, elongated, covered with tubulai tremopores; the peristome is very salient, irregularly crenulated. They are transformed sometimes into large spatulate avicularia. The terminal zooecia of the fronds have also the same aspect. All the axial zooecia are indistinct and their frontal is ornamented with a complicated system of avicularia. The large spatulate avicularia give to the fronds the serrulate aspect characteristic of the species. They are inconstant and belong to the group of zoarial avicularia. The ovicell is hyperstomial, opening into the peristomie above the operculum, developed between the olocyst and the tremocyst of the distal zooecium. It is not entirely covered over by the tremocysi; on its median longitudinal axis there is a narrow cribriform area formed by a double row of very short costules very variable in aspect. Tt is little apparent and immersed into the great thickness of the tremocyst. The spiramen is very apparent on the young cells, on the marginal cells, and on the little calcified fronds. On the axial cells it is much less apparent and often difficult to observe. In longitudinal section it appears oblique and opens into the peristomie. According to Smitt, it is not covered by the ectocyst, which proves its hydrostatic function. The small apertural avicularia are elliptical, with pivot, the beak turned toward the aperture. They are generally placed on the dis- tal arch of the peristome. ‘There is never more than one or two to a zooecium. Small analogous avicularia are developed sporadically on the frontal. Large spatulate zooecial avicularia are placed obliquely on the frontal of all the axial zooecia; they are oval, variable in direction, the beak oriented toward the base. The distal orifice is small, oval, marginated. There is no proximal orifice, for the latter is closed by Zooecia (interior)} 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 a small calcareous finely perforated membrane. In erecting them- selves their mandible forces the water toward the aperture. Their presence is rather constant; however, certain rare groups of zooecia are deprived of them and the tremocyst appears as in the marginal zooecia. : Other rare groups of zooecia are covered by a sort of smooth: pleurocyst on which one or two avicularia subsist. This is not proof of old age, as Smitt wrote, for the group that we figure was placed. on a young frond above the ordinary axial zooecia. The aperture was figured by Smitt as semielliptical, On our photographs it appears for the most part as suborbicular and a little transverse. It is, moreover, rarely apparent and always buried at the bottom of the tremocystal peristomie. The operculum is very fragile, very thin, and of the same form as the aperture. On the interior the zooecia are rather regular, smooth (olocyst), with rather thick walls. The spiramen appears in the portion cor- responding to the external peristomie. The Ge place and the true form of the aperture is. feu more evident on the lateral zooecia. x = Afimties —Schizoporella cribrifera Hincks, Fig. 24-—Crecrsuta sernu- +1885, and Schizoporella fisher Jullien, 1882,. LATA Sairt, 1877. 4, B. Orer- are ornamented with an analogous sievelike asta ovicell. They belong probably to the same family. Their aperture bears a proximal sinus which is lacking in. Cigclisula serrulata. This species differs very much from the genotype in the absence of the peristomial avicularia and in the form and nature of the operculum. It can inreality be considered as the type of a new genus. of the same family, but as we know no closely allied species and as our information on the structure is still incomplete, we prefer to. wait for a more complete study. This is the last representative of a family which was very important in the Gulf of Mexico of geologic time. Occurrence.—Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla., 40 fms. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 047 50” N.; 80° 15’ 10” W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Florida, 56-68 meters (Smitt). Plesvotypes.—Cat. No. 7476, U.S.N.M. Family ADEONIDAE Jullien, 1903 Genus ADECNA (Lamouroux, 1816) Levinsen, 1909 ADEONA PLAGIOPORA Smitt, 1873 Plate 23, Figures 4, 5 1873. Porina plagiopora Smrrr, Floridian Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten~ skeps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 30,'pl. 6, figs. 134, 135. art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 127 Measurements.—Peristomice|? meen p=0.10 mm. eres de mm. lz=0.30 mm. Variations.—Our specimens are generally quite similiar to the fig- ures of Smitt; we figure two variations—one around a gonoecium the other around the ancestrula. Osburn, 1914 (p. 199), identified this species with Adeona violacea Johnston, 1847. He collected all the intermediate forms between the two species at the Tortugas, but on the contrary, our specimens do not have this variability, so that we have not been able to verify Osburn’s synonymy. The ancestrula is small and reduced to the peristomie. Occurrence —Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37'’ N.; 82° 20’ 06"’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2324, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 25) Nes 822 2062477 Wi.) 33 ams. >: coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Florida, 97 meters (Smitt); Bermuda (Verrill). Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7448, 7449, U.S.N.M. Genus BRACEBRIDGIA MacGillivray, 1886 BRACEBRIDGIA SUBSULCATA Smitt, 1873 Plate 23, Figures 1-3; text Figure 25 1873. Porina subsulcata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 28, pl. 6, figs. 136-140. 1900. Porina subsulcata VERRILL, Tunicata and Molluscoida of the Bermudas. Trans. Con- St necticut Academy, vol. 10, p. ull 54 A 1914. Bracebridgia subsulcata OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Is- 1 ds Papueahon @arnc We Fig. 25.—BRACEBRIDGIA SUBSULCATA SMITT, Bee is d 8 1873. A. OPERCULUM, X 85. B. MANDIBLE Institution, Washington, No. WITH MUSCLES, X 85. C, MANDIBLE, X 85 182, p. 199. Structure.—It is with hesitation that Osburn, 1914, placed this species in Bracebridgia, for he believed he recognized trace of an ascopore on the frontal. We have prepared several interiors and have observed no traces of the ascopore, as the olocyst is perfectly smooth without any perforation. This species is evidently a Bracebridgia. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 The operculum is small, bell-shaped, with two lateral muscular attachments; it is attached inferiorily to the compensatrix without any trace of articulation. The mandible is triangular, dissymetric, unguiculated. The retractor muscle is very large, flabelliform, and formed of seven broad regular bundles. The zoarium is much ramified; the fronds are dichotomous and develop like the horns of a deer. Biology—The color varies from yellowish pink to orange (Osburn). Our specimens are a yellowish gray. We have observed the expanded base. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Tortugas, 16-19 meters (Osburn); Florida, 16-77 meters (Smitt) and 763 meters; Bermuda (Verrill). Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7461, 7462, U.S.N.M. Family HIPPOPODINIDAE Levinsen, 1909 Genus METRARABDOTOS Canu, 1914 METRARABDOTOS UNGUICULATUM, new species Plate 23, Figures 6-9; text Figure 26 Description —The zoarium is free, unilamellar, cylindrical, or con- ical. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a thread placed at the bottom of a furrow, large, much elongated, httle broad; the frontal is convex, bordered laterally by areolar pores, formed of a pleurocyst with large granules. The aperture is transverse, semielliptical, little visible, arranged at the bottom of a peristomie. The peristomice is orbicular and provided with a proximal sinus; the peristome is thick and salient. At the side of the aperture and adjacent to the peris- tome there is a large falciform, long, thin, unguiculated avicularium with its convexity oriented toward the base of the zooecium and the beak toward the top. The ovicelled zooecia are much broader and bear two very small oral avicularia. The ovicell is enormous, endo- zooecial, convex, of the same structure as the frontal, and is orna- mented with narrow, smooth, transverse callosities in the vicinity of its orifice. ha=0.10 mm. la =0.20 mm. {hp =0.20 mm. llp =0.15 mm. Lz=1.00 mm. lz=0.50 mm. Variations —As on all the giant species, the micrometric variations are quite variable. Our measurements are average, as there are Measurements —Aperture (interior) Peristomice Zooecia| ant.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 129 some large and some smaller cells. The smaller cells are frequently deprived of avicularia. The peristome is indented by a rimule spiramen but the ovicelled zooecia do not bear one and probably have no polypide. Our speci- mens, unfortunately not being preserved in alcohol, we have been unable to study their anatomy. On the interior there are parietal dietellae as in the Adeonidae. By transparency, there are large interareolar costules and a kind of lyrule often garnishes the spira- men sinus of the peristome. The ovicell bears two pores invisible exteriorily. Two flabelliform muscular bundles move the mandible, which is strongly chitinized on the borders. Biology—The colony frequently encrusts radicells of algae which give to it its tubular appearance. They creep also on nullipores and on Serpulae and cover large surfaces. Many lamellae are sometimes superposed. The color is rose, reddish purple, or reddish violet. Affinities —At first glance this species may be confused with Schizopodrella floridana Osburn, 1914, but differs from it in its large endozooecial ovicell, in its pleurocystal and not tremocystal frontal, and in its avicularium with inferior (and ye, 26.—Merrarappotos not superior) concavity. Tis large unguiculated UNGUICULATUM, NEW Bi ae eR aan 4 : SPECIES. MANDIBLE, avicularium differenciates it from all the other — x 85, or onat avicuta. known species. RIUM WITH TWO BUNDLES The genus Metrarabdotos is much developed ©“ in the American Miocene and Pliocene. We have described sev-— eral very beautiful and vigorous species, but in which the fronds are always free and bilamellar. The discovery of a recent well-developed species of this genus, much developed on both sides of the Atlantic during the long geologic periods, is very fortunate. When it is more studied, the paleontolo_ gist will understand better the life conditions of the ancient seas. The genus Metrarabdotos is not really an equatorial genus. It lives in the vicinity of the Tropics but it does not go beyond this area. Occurrence —Albatross Station D. 2363, east of Yucatan; 22° 07’ 30/’N.; 87° 06’ 00’’ W.; 21 fms.; white rock coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50/’N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 7556, U.S.N.M. 58513—28——9 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Genus HIPPALIOSINA Canu, 1918 HIPPALIOSINA ROSTRIGERA Smitt, 1873 Text Figure 27 1873. Escharella rostrigera Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 57, pl. 10, figs. 203-205. 1914. Lepralia rostrigera OspuRN, Bryozoa of Tortugas Islands. Publica- tion Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 182, p. 211. (Not Waters, 1885, Jelly, 1889.) 1923. Hippaliosina rostrigera Canu, and BassLer, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National Museum, p. 167, pl. 17, figs. 15-17. (ha=0.11 mm. iit Q Measuremenis.—Apertura lla=0.10 mm. DLz=0.44-0.46 mm. lz=0.26 mm. ha=0.12 mm. la=0.14 mm. Lz=0.60 mm. Zooecia (ordinary)! Aperture (ovicelled zocecia)| Zooecia (ovicelled)| lz=0.30 mm. Structure —The opercula of the ordinary zooecia are of extraordi- nary irregularity and their ornamentation is very transparent and difficult to observe. The distal margin is thick and /|\ 2 there are two lateral bands very close to the border. A oS The mandibles are also very D = variable. Some are very B short and others long and Cc setiform. They are always Fiac. 27.—HIPPALIOSINA ROSTRIGERA SMITT, 1873. A-C. ° DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE SETIFORM MANDIBLE OF THE unguiculate. The frontal AVICULARIUM. D, E. OPERCULA, X 85 seen by transparency shows the large areolar pores and the pleurocystal granules (sketched in black). The natural history of the genus Hippaliosina is still very incom- plete, for the larva and the anatomy are still awaiting description. Brology—Our specimens encrust Pectens and Nullipores while Osburn’s examples grew on corals and shells. This species appears to prefer coral bottoms. It was in reproduction on March 15, 1885. Tis longevity is very great, for we have discovered it in the Middle Miocene of Virginia. It has never left the Gulf of Mexico. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ _00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’W.; 30 fms.; gray sand; broken coral. Florida, 56-69 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 16-24 meters (Osburn). Plesvotypes.—Cat. No. 7524, U.S.N.M. art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 131 Genus TREMOSCHIZODINA Duvergier, 1921 1921. Tremoschizodina DyverGiER, Bryozoaires du Néogene de ? Aquitane. Actes de la Société Linneénne de Bordeaux, ser. 72, p. 36. The ovicell is endozooecial. The aperture has a very broad proxi- mal sinus. The frontal is a tremocyst surmounting a thin olocyst. The avicularium is parietal and very rare. Genotype.— Tremoschizodina pisciformis Duvergier, 1921 (Miocene). Range.——Miocene (Helvetian)—Recent. This remarkable genus was discovered by Duvergier, in the Helve- tian in the vicinity of Bordeaux, France. We have observed that Gemellipora lata Smitt, 1873, belongs to the same genus. Finally we discovered a magnificent and vigorous species in the Philippines, Tremoschizodina crassa, living in the Sulu Archipelago and in the China Sea. - This is an equatorial genus but passes somewhat beyond the line of the Tropics. The species appear to be extremely sensitive to cold and can not live at a temperature less than 9° C. TREMOSCHIZODINA LATA Smitt, 1873 Plate 21, Figures 1, 2; text Figure 28 1873. Gemellipora lata Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar vol. 11, p. 36, pl. 7, fig. 157. ha=0.16 mm. la=0.13 mm. (ha=0.14 mm. Measuremenis.—Aperture| Aperture (ovicelled) \la=0.18 mm. ede aS mm. Cl) 12 = 0.36 mm. Structure—Smitt found only a single nonovicelled specimen. For- tunately, we have had the chance to discover the ovicell. It is endo- zooecial, small, and somewhat convex. This species must, therefore, be classed in the genus Tremoschizodina Duvergier, CD 1921. The apertura figured by Smitt is per- B fectly exact. That of the ovicelled zoo- a Saag Bewes Fia. 28.—TREMOSCHIZODINA LATA SMITT, ecia is somewhat larger, elliptical, and — ig73. 4. Opercu.um oF ORDINARY transverse. The operculum is formed of 72002t4, X 85. 5. OPERCULUM OF 5 OVICELLED ZOOECIA, X 85 two parts corresponding to the anter and poster and bordered interiorily by a sclerite on which the opercular muscles are probably attached; there is no other ornament visible. It is yellow colored and strongly chitinized. The axis of rotation is formed by two chitinous cardelles, a phenomenon rather rare in the Cheilostomata. The frontal is formed of an olocyst surmounted by a detachable and very thin tremocyst. On the young zooecia the frontal forms a very 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 pretty mosaic. At the center of each polygon there is a small tubular very oblique pore. In transparency, the tremopores are widely spaced. On the interior, the zooecial walls are very thin. The tremopores are very small and little visible. Biology —The zoarium encrusts dead shells, corals, nullipores, and bryozoa. Our specimens are yellow colored. Smitts specimen “had a yellowish color, with the zooecial aperture, through their covering membrane and operculum of a darker greenish-yellow tint’’ (Smitt). The specimens dredged alive were in reproduction March 15, 1885. The colonies are always very small and we have not been able to study the avicularia. Occurrence—Albaiross Station D. 2152, 214 miles northwest of Habana Light; 387 fms.; coral. ‘ Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Florida, 110 meters (Smitt). Plesiotype—Cat. No. 7604, U.S.N.M. TREMOSCHIZODINA ANATINA, new species Plate 33, Figure 10 Description —The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, subrectangular; the frontal is convex, striated transversely, perforated by very small and much scattered pores. ‘The apertura is suborbicular or somewhat trans- verse; two small points separate the anter from a concave rimule, very broad and little distinct. There are large avicularia shaped like a duck’s beak arranged sporadically between the zooecia. {ha =0.15-0.17 mm. a =0.17 mm. Tooecia.—” = 0.75-0:85 mm. llz=0.40-0.50 mm. {Lav =0.85 mim. \law = 0.25 mm. Affinities —This new species differs from the recent Tremoschizodina lata Smitt, 1873, in which the frontal and the aperture are identical in its larger dimensions and in the presence of a large interzooecia! avicularium. Tvremoschizodina pisciformis Duvergier, 1921, of the French Miocene (genotype) and the recent Tremoschizodina crassa Canu and Bassler from the Philippines have a frontal with tremopores and a zooecial avicularium. The form of the aperture of the first is Measurements.—Aperture: Avicularia arri4 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 133 clearly schizoporoid and somewhat different from the apertural form of the other species. The genus Tremoschizodina is therefore not yet perfectly limited. Very few specimens have been found and we have not been able to make tangential sections necessary for a more complete study. It is a tropical genus. Occurrence—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, northwest Panama. Holotype —Cat. No. 70866, U.S.N.M. Genus HIPPOPODINA Levinsen, 1909 HIPPOPODINA FEEGENSIS Busk, 1884 Plate 34, Figures 1, 2 1913. Lepralia feegensis WatuRS, Bryozoa from Zanzibar. Proceedings Zoo- — logical Society, London, p. 514, pl. 70, figs. 21,22. (Bibliography.) Not Lepralia feegensis MacGillivray. Variations —The operculum figured by Waters, 1913, indicates oral dimensions of 0.22 by 0.19mm. The aperture figured by Levin- sen, 1909, measures 0.18 to 0.20 mm. in diameter or 0.21 by 0.19 mm. The aperture on our specimen is 0.21 by 0.19 mm. or 0.25 by 0.22 mm.; it is, then, slightly larger. All the other characters are quite identical with those which can be observed on the excellent figures of Busk and of Levinsen. Our determination appears to us perfectly exact. This is a tropical species observed from the African coast to the Phil- ippine Islands in the Indian Ocean. Its presence has not yet been noted in the Gulf of Mexico, where it may perhaps be found some day. Scrupocellaria retiformis Smitt, 1872, has an analogous geo- graphic distribution and we have noted its occurrence as a fossil in Panama and as a living species in the Gulf of Mexico. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, northwest Panama. Geographic distribution—tindian Ocean: Philippines, 29 meters (Busk); Hongkong, Sifu (Philipps); Manaar; Andamans; Cargados (Thornely); Wasin, British East Africa, 16 meters (Waters). Plesiotype —Cat. No. 70842, U.S.N.M. Family CREPIDACANTHID Levinsen, 1909 Genus MASTIGOPHORA Hincks, 1880 MASTIGOPHORA PESANSERIS Smitt, 1873 Plate 21, Figure 9; Plate 34, Figure 4 1873. Hippothoa pesanseris Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Ve- tenskaps-Akademiens, Handlingar, vol.-11, p. 43, pl. 7, figs. 159, 160. 1914. Escharina pesanseris OSBURN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 207. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 72 ha=0.12 mm. Measurements.—Aper turel = 0.08-0.09 mm. oN ea =0.60-0.70 mm. lz=0.50 mm. Our specimens were dead when dredged; one of them was: green. We have figured the best preserved. This species is rather cosmopolitan. We rediscovered it in the Philippines and have indicated the principal variations. _Occurrence.—Albaiross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ at’ N.; 82° 20° 0677 W:; 143 fms. oray coma Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’? W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey hase 15 miles sot of i Seca. Fla.; 40 fms. Tortugas, 13 meters (Osburn), 68 meters mine Piijccne. ju npnidimena Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7545, 7546, U.S.N.M. MASTIGOPHORA POROSA Smitt, 1873 Plate 19, Figures 8, 9; text Figure 29 1873. Hippothoa porosa Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens, > Handlingar, vol. 11; p. 41, pl. 7, fig. 158. A Measuremenis —Aperture| 7D se : la=0.14 mm. once 0.70-0.80 mm. \lz=0.45-0.90 mm. 5 Structure—Our colonies are small and rare oo in each locality. The operculum is thin with C a broad triangular rimule. The mandible of B the vibraculum is setiform and short; 1t moves obliquely. The ovicell is very short and of the same structure as the frontal. Fig. 29—Masticoruora Brology—The specimens encrust nullipores, Suit ino cies ceoncora, SHlells, and corals; They .are| yellowsempold x 85. C. spmiorm manpi- rose in color. They were in reproduction Jan- Ee uary 15, 1885. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85°02’ 00’’ W.; 30fms.; grays and, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Florida, 64-113 meters (Smitt). Blake Expedition, between Jamaica and Cuba; 18° 22’ N.; 89° 21’ W. (Norman, 1909). Plesiotype—Cat. No. 7547, U.S.N.M. ant.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT. BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 135 Genus CREPIDACANTHA Levinsen, 1909 CREPIDACANTHA SETIGERA Smitt, 1873 Plate 21, Figure 10 1873. Hippothoa setigera Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 58, pl. 15, fig. 206. Measurements —Aperbure|) = 0.10 mm. la=0.08 mm. Zooceiay)” =0.60 mm. lz=0.45-0.50 mm. Affimties—This species differs from Crepidacantha grandis, dis- covered by us in the Philippines, only in the absence of a small oral mucro and in the much smaller dimensions of the aperture. Very probably it is the same species. Smitt discovered only one specimen deprived of its marginal spines but ornamented with its setiform mandibles somewhat shorter than the zooecia. Our specimen is still more incomplete. The comparison with other species is therefore necessarily difficult and uncertain. The colonies encrust fragments of shells. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms; coral sand. Tortugas Islands, 97 meters (Smitt) Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 7827, U.S.N.M. CREPIDACANTHA LONGISETA, new species Plate 21, Figures 3, 4 Description.—The zoarium encrusts corals and hydroids. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, elongated, pyriform; the frontal is convex, smooth, or granular, bordered laterally by lin- ear pores and by 11 very long marginal spines. The aperture is small, suborbicular, formed of a semicircular anter and a small con- cave poster separated by two very short cardelles; the peristome is broad, little salient, with a small mucro in its proximal part. The ovicell is large, globular, placed on the zooecium itself, closed by the operculum; the pleurocyst which covers the olocyst is incomplete and leaves a frontal area. On each side of the aperture there is a small avicularium; the setiform mandible is longer than the zooe- cium and very flexible. ha=0.10 mm. la=0.10 mm. Lz=0.44 mm. lz=0.34 mm. Affinities —This new species differs from Crepidacantha poissonit Savigny-Audouin, 1826, in its avicularia placed on each side of the aperture and not below it. It differs from COrepidacantha setigera Smitt, 1873, in its smaller dimensions and its long retiform mandible. Measurements —Aperture| Zooccia| 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Biology—This species was in reproduction from the month of January to the month of May, according to the dredgings of the Albatross. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 40’ N.; 82° 20’ 30’’ W.; 201 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2169, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ 28’" N.: 82° 217 27"" Wasi 7Siaims.~ corals Albatross Station D. 2334, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 42’°N.; 82° 18’ 24’” W.; 67 fms.; white coral. Holotype —Cat. No. 7826, U.S.N.M. CREPIDACANTHA POISSONTI Savigny-Audouin, 1826 Plate 34, Figure 3 1826. Flustra poissoniti AupoutIn, In Savigny’s Description de l’Egypt. Histoire Naturelle, vol. 1, p. 10, fig. 5. 1880. Lepralia kirchenpaueri var. teres Hincxs, Contribution history Marine Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 6, p. 77 (sep. 9), pl. 9, fig. 7. 1885. Lepralia kirchenpaueri var. teres Hincxks, Contribution history Marine Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 15, p. 256 (sep. 166). 1899. Lepralia poissonit WATERS, Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal Royal Microscopical Society, p. 16. 1909. Lepralia poissonii Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira. Linnean Society’s Journal-Zoology, vol. 30, p. 307, pl. 41, figs. 7, 8. Not Kirkpatrick, 1888; MacGillivray, 1882; Levinsen, 1909. Under the name of Lepralia poissonii, the authors have mani- festly confused many species and it is necessary to rename them. The specific characteristic is furnished by the position of the seti- form avicularia, which are always removed from the aperture and placed much lower. In all the other species they are always placed at the side of the aperture, and if lower, on a level with the proxi- mal border. There is no other synonymy than that which we indicate. The specimens from the Red Sea have costulated ovicells; those from Madeira and from the Gulf of Mexico are smooth, without frontal area. This interesting species is represented in the Pliocene deposits of Panama by a variation which presents no characters essentially different from the species. The two vibracula are not placed symmetrically on the frontal. Affinities —Crepidacantha is a genus of the Tropics and of the south- ern part of the Temperate Zone. Many species are known. They are characterized by their micrometric dimensions and especially by the position of the two oral vibracula. In Crepidacantha poissonii art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 137 these are always placed symmetrically below the aperture. The fig- ures of Savigny and Norman agree perfectly in showing this essential character. On our fossil specimens from Panama the vibracula are rarely placed at the same height. Almost always there is one more removed from the aperture, but both are always below the aperture as In the type. In the two other species from the Gulf of Mexico, C. sefigera Smitt, 1873, and C. longiseta, new species, the vibracula are placed on each side of the aperture. Occurrence —Madeira, Hawaiian Islands, etc. (type form). Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, northwest Panama. Holotype —Cat. No. 70835, U.S.N.M. Family PHYLACTELLIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1917 Genus LAGENIPORA Hincks, 1877 LAGENIPORA VERRUCOSA, new species Plate 21, Figures 5-8 Description —The zoarium encrusts shells, nullipores, corals, and hydroids; the zooecia are arranged in uniserial lines more or less ramified. The zooecia are long, lageniform; the frontal is convex, verrucose, and terminated by a long cylindrical smooth peristome. The aperture is orbicular and buried at the bottom of the peristome; the peristome is thin, entire, or notched. The ovicell is small, glob- ular, opening into the peristome above the operculum. Measurements —Diameter of peristome = 0.20 mm. Zooeeiay = 0.55 mm. !z=0.30-0.35 mm. Structure —This curious species is rather variable. There are some very verrucose zooecia and others which are almost smooth. The length of the peristome depends upon its position on its substratum. The branches are irregular in their divergence; they have a tendency to approach each other and the cells group themselves sometimes in the manner of cellepores, but without ever surmounting each other. Affinities —Lagenipora edwardsi Jullien, 1882, is also uniserial, but our species differs in its smaller zooecia and its long peristomes. _ Biology —This is a species of the coral bottoms and of submarine currents; it descends to rather great depths. It is fond of small round bedies for a substratum and it twists about them in all direc- tions. The choice made by the larva is a beautiful manifestation of their instinct. The photography of the colonies thus fixed is very difficult. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 7Z Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; 82° 18’ 48’’ W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Albatross Station D. 2324, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 25’’ N53 82° 207 24’” W.: 33) fms. coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’” W.;. 56 fms.; coral sand: Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Cotypes —Cat. Nos. 7534, 7535, U.S.N.M. Family CELLEPORIDAE Busk, 1852 Genus HIPPOPORIDRA Canu and Bassler, 1927 The ovicell is hyperstomial and bears a frontal area. The zooecia are accumulated; the frontal is surrounded by areolar pores and often bears small avicularia. The aperture is formed of an anter and a poster separated by two cardelles. The large interzooecial avicularia are acuminated. Genotype—Hippoporidra (Cellepora) edax uns 1859. Range.—Miocene—Recent. The known species of this genus are as follows: Hippoporidra (Cellepora) edax Busk, 1859, recent, fossil. Hippoporidra (Lepralia) calcarea Smitt, 1873, recent, fossil. Eippoporidra (Lepralia) maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Miocene. Hippoporidra (Lepralia) parvula Canu and Bassler, 1923, Miocene. This is a very natural and homogeneous genus. The zooecia are very small, and their study especially in the fossils, is troublesome and difficult. Tt is very difficult to differentiate the peels: Two good figures of the genotype have been published, that of Hincks, 1880, a recent specimen, and that of Busk, 1859, representing a specimen from the English Crag (Pliocene). Both are incomplete but as zoologists we will consider especially that of Hincks. Hippo- poridra calcarea Smitt, 1872, differs in the absence of small frontal avicularia and in a somewhat larger apertural width. Hippoporidra maculata Ulrich and Bassler,1904, differs from H. edaz in its large avic- ularium much less acuminate, in a somewhat larger apertural width, and in the presence of two areolar pores between the frontal costules. Finally Hippoporidra parvula Canu and Bassler, 1923, differs in its transverse aperture and in the presence of three or four small frontal avicularia. All these species present curious phenomena of symbiosis. The section which we gave in 1923 of Hippoporidra maculata proves that the genus belongs to the Celleporidae and not to the Escharellidae. art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 139 HIPPOPORIDRA EDAX Busk, 1859 Plate 22, Figures 1-4 1873. Lepralia edax Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11. p. 63. 1889. Lepralia edax Jetty, A synomymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 126. (Bibliography.) 1923. Cellepora minuta Canu and BasstEr, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125,U.S. National Museum, p. 182, pl. 25, figs. 10-13. Measurements.—Apertural width =0.06 mm. Structure—Hincks, 1880, in introducing Hippoporidra calcarea Smitt, 1873, into synonymy with Hippoporidra edax Busk, 1859, made an error which rendered also problematical the synonymy of Miss Jelly, 1889. Smitt (p. 64) has indicated the difference in writing that the essential characters of the present species is the presence “‘of a median umbo just proximally of the zooecial aperture.” On our specimens the umbo is particularly constant on the salient (superficial) zooecia; it is less apparent on the immersed (deep) zooecia. The apertural width is exactly that indicated by Smitt.—0.06 mm. for the anter and 0.036 by 0.04 mm. for the poster. The frontal is a granular pleurocyst surrounded by a single line of areolar pores separated by short costules (as in Hinck’s figure). The ovicell has an identical structure, but the pleurocyst is incomplete and leaves a very fragile olocystal area. The interzooecial avicularium is rather rare; it always accompanies the groups of deep zooecia; its general form is lozenge-shaped. The small frontal avicularium is always placed on the line of areolar pores, but it is frequently wanting. The fossil form which we describe in 1923 under the name of Cellepora minuta belongs to the present species. It presents, however, some slight differences; the umbo is not constant and between the costules there are sometimes, as in the fossil forms from the English Pliocene figured by Busk, two or three areolar pores. The anter is frequently almost as wide as the poster. The large interzooecial avicularium has a form very similar to that of Hippoporidra calcarea but with smaller dimensions. Biology—The superb specimen that we have studied measures 6 cm. in length. It entirely covers a gastropod and emits two free and symmetrically arranged lateral branches. It is ovicelled (Jan- uary 30, 1885). It is a case of symmetric symbiosis. Smitt’s specimen was only a small fragment of 4 mm. in length, “a, little compressed, pointed of pumicose consistence.’ ‘This is the reason the small frontal avicularium can not be observed. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 72 We have always trouble in understanding the selective faculty of the larvae; the latter can not really choose their substratum of fixa- tion; what is then the biochemical reaction which allows them to subsist only on shells of gastropods? Occurrence.—Albaiross Station D. 2363, east of Yucatan; 22° 07’ 30” N.; 87° 06’ 00” W.; 21 fms.; wh. r. coral. Elbow Reef, Fla., 39 meters (Smitt). Tertiary, Miocene: Wilmington, N. C., and Mul- drows Mills, S. C. Pliocene: Waccamaw River, S.C. Plesiotypes —Cat. No. 7515, U.S.N.M. HIPPOPORIDRA CALCAREA Smitt, 1873 Plate 22, Figures 5, 6; text Figure 30 1873. Lepralia calcarea Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 63, pl. 11, figs. 220-223. i914. Lepralia edax OsBuRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Publication Carnegie Institution, No. 182, p. 212. Structure —The apertural width is from 0.08 to 0.09 mm.; there is no umbo on the frontal in agreement with Smitt’s figure. The zoarial avicularia are very small and in- consistent; their absence is much more / frequent than their presence. j th erculum h f ] n Se Coke) e operculum has a form very close \ 7 1‘) B to that of Hippoporina; we are not posi- Fig. 30.—HIPPOPORIDRA CALCAREA SMITT: tively certain of the presence of muscu- ee at; ORDINARY OFERCULUM, “85. Tar atuachments. . That ot the ovierlen = ANDIBLE OF AN INTERZOOECIAL 5 AVICULARIUM, X 85. C.OPERCULUMOr ZOOCCIAa is much wider. DCE ED LOD EGU MN ESS The area of the ovicell is not mem- braneous as Osburn described it in 1914. It is formed by a very fragile olocyst. The mandible is star-shaped with three more or less elongated branches. Afinities—The specific differences from Hippoporidra edax Busk, 1859, are very slight. We do not yet know the chitinous appendages of the latter species, and we believe it prudent to keep the distinction made by Smitt. Too hasty conclusions as to synonymy are dangerous and lead the paleontologist to false stratigraphic conclusions. ppoporidra calcarea differs from H. maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, in which the frontal is without an umbo, in the more acuminate form of the large interzooecial avicularium without a salient beak. Bwology.—Our colonies encrust gastropods. They emit free radial branches in which the development is in relation to the general equilibrium of the entire colony. They appear to be able to float ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA~—CANU AND BASSLER 141 and to be easily transported by currents. We have found some other fragments coming certainly from more complete colonies. Our living specimens were ovicelled in March and April. Occurrence.—Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla., 40 fms. Albatross Station D. 2387, Gulf of Mexico; 29° 24’ 00’’ N.; 88° 04’ 00’’ W.; 32 fms.; sand, gravel, broken shells. Albatross Station D. 2640, Straits of Florida; 25° 05’ 00’’ N.; 80° 15’ 00’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Tortugas, 13-29 meters (Osburn); Florida, 79-127 meters (Smitt); Bermudas, shallow water (Verrill). Plesiotype —Cat. No. 7514, U.S.N.M. Genus HIPPCOTREMA Canu and Bassler, 1927 The ovicell is hyperstomial and is not closed by the operculum. The zooecia are piled upon each other in disorder; their frontal is perforated by tremopores. The aperture is formed by a large orbicular anter and by a short poster separated by two cardelles, The operculum does not have lateral linear attachments. Genotype—Hippotrema (Lepralia) janthina Smitt, 1873. Range.—Recent. This is the C. janthina group of Waters of which we have published a text figure.° The genus differs from Hippoporidra in the transfor- mation of the pleurocyst into a tremocyst, in the different form of the poster, and in the absence of linear attachments to the operculum. The only known species are: Hippotrema (Lepralia) janthina Smitt, 1873, Florida. Eippotrema (Lepralia) rotundora Norman, 1909, Madeira. Waters, 1899, and Norman, 1909, are not in accord on the character of the second species. HIPPOTREMA JANTHINA Smitt, 1873 1873. Lepralia janthina Smitr, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 63, pl. 11, figs. 224, 225. 1904. Lepralia janthina Ossurn, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Pub- lication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p.213. (No Waters, 1899) (according to Norman). Measurements —Width of aperture =0.11 (Smitt) to 0.12 mm. Structure—The small avicularium is placed in the vicinity of the aperture; it is triangular and erected almost vertically. Contrary to the opinion of Osburn, there are interzooecial avicularia; they are long and thin; their presence is rather rare. Brology.—Our living specimen encrusts Stylopoma spongites; it was in reproduction January 17, 1885. 10Canu and Bassler, 1920, p. 615, fig. 185. 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 “The color is a deep blue black or violet’? (Osburn). The margin of the aperture is usually of a little whitish tint in contrast with the black-bluish color of the zooecial wall (Smitt). Occurrence. —Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 01’ 39’ N.; 82° 18’ 48’’ W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Tortugas, 9 meters (Osburn); Florida, 21 meters (Smitt) . Plesiotype —Cat. No. 7522, U.S.N.M. Genus HOLOPORELLA Waters, 1909 HOLOPORELLA ALBIROSTRIS Smitt, 1873 Plate 22, Figures 10, 11; text Figure 31 1889. Cellepora albirostris Jmuuy, A Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 45. 1914. Holoporella albirosiris Ospurn, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 215. 1923. Holoporella albirostris Canu and BassuEer, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, United States National Museum, p. 174, pl. 7, figs. 9-14, pl. 32, figs. 6-10. Measurements.—Diameter of the apertura, 0.14 mm. Structure—We have little to add to the natural history of this rather common species. The deep interzooecial avicularia are thin OO: Cc E F G Fig. 31.—HOLOPORELLA ALBIROSTRIS SMITT, 1873. A, B. TWO OPERCULA, X 85, SHOWING VARIATIONS. C, OPERCULUM OF A SUPERFICIAL ZOOECIUM. D. MAN- DIBLE OF AN ORAL AVICULARIUM. FE, F. TWO MANDIBLES OF THE INTER- ZOOECIAL AVICULARIA SHOWING VARIATIONS OF THE LUCIDA. G. LARGE MANDIBLE and long. The superficial interzooecial avicularia appear as large salient tubes as broad as the zooecia. Our figure represents an ensemble of well-preserved zooecia and superficial avicularia. It is easy to understand that such a spinous and fragile structure is easily broken and that the determination of fossil specimens presents great difficulties. The operculum is very thin, quite transparent, and its preparation is very delicate. Nevertheless we believe that the figures of Busk, art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 143 1885, are not altogether exact. We have distinctly recognized the two linear lateral attachments common to Holoporella but they are little removed from the border. Furthermore, the two lamellae which habitually constitute the operculum glide very easily on one another and it seems to us that the small lateral sinuosities figured by Busk have no other origin than irregular gliding in the preparations. | The interzooecial avicularia have mandibles more rigid and more easy to prepare. Our mandibles are very close to those of Busk; the central lucida is quite variable in form and in position. On the interior face of the free colonies the zooecia are arranged in Jongitudinal bifurcated rows. Biology —‘It is readily recognizable by its grayish-brown color with blackish-brown opercula in the zooecial and avicularian aper- tures against which the calcareous white projecting rostra show it.” (Smitt.) Except in the youngest stages, the colony has a dark gray- ish or blackish color against which the white spines stand out in sharp contrast.”” (Osburn.) Our colonies are generally free and tubular. They probably en- crust thin algae. Sometimes encrusting shells and Petralia. More- over, the species has been observed on corals and even on sponges. This species has been observed only in little depths of water. Its geographic distribution is great. Occurrence —Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85°02’ 00’’ W.; 30fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Tortugas, low water, 24 meters (Osburn); Florida, 41-56 meters (Smitt). Geographic distribution —Indian Ocean: Heard Island, 121 meters. Pacific: Shark Islands, Port Jackson, 13 meters; and Port Philips Heads, Australia. Geologic distribution —Miocene of Australia (Waters); Pliocene of New Zealand (Waters); Oligocene of Anguilla; Miocene of Jamaica; Pliocene of Florida. Plesiotypes—Cat. No. 7527, U.S.N.M. HOLOPORELLA MAGNIFICA Osburn, 1914 Plate 24, Figures 7, 8; text Figure 32 1914. Holoporella magnifica OsBuRN, Bryozoa from the Tortugas Islands. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 216, figs, 22, 23. ha=0.24—0.26 mm. Measurements —Aporture\ sO. Simm 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 72 Structure —Osburn did not give the chitinous appendages, so we have prepared them. The operculum bears laterally two very thick sclerites a little attenuated in the distal portion. The tentacular sheath is attached by two pairs of very thick muscles. The mandi- bles of the oral avicularia are semielliptical and strongly chitinized in their distal portion. ‘The mandibles of the large interzooecial avicularia are very large, more or less rounded or somewhat acumi- nated. The muscular bundles are attached to them. One of our colonies measures more than 20 square centimeters. It is tinted with brown. Fig. 32—HOLOPORELLA MAGNIFICA OSBURN, 1914. A, B. MANDIBLE OF THE SMALL ZOOECIAL AVICU- LARIA, X 85. C. AN ORDINARY AVICULARIAN MANDIBLE. JD. ISOLATED OPERCULUM. X 8). #. OPERCULUM, X 85, WITH ATTACHED TENTACULAR SHEATH. Ff. TENTACULAR SHEATH ATTACHED TO: OPERCULUM, X 85. G. MANDIBLE OF AN INTERZOOECIAL AVICULARIUM WITH ITS TWO PAIRS OF ELE- VATOR AND OCCLUSOR MUSCLES GROUPED IN SUPERPOSED BUNDLES. H, A SMALL AVICULARIUM, X 85. J, J. MANDIBLES OF LARGE INTERZOOECIAL AVICULARIA, X 85 Occurrence.—A lbatross Station D. 2363, east of Yucatan; 22° 07 30’’ N.; 87° 06’ 00’’ W.; 21 fms.; white rock coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken. coral. : Tortugas, 16 meters; and Biscayne Key, Florida (Osburn). Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 75265, U.S.N.M. ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 145 HOLOPORELLA TURRITA Smitt, 1873 Text Figures 33 c, d 1873. Lepralia turrita Smirr, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 65, pl. 5, figs. 226-228. 1881. Cellepora turrita Ripury, Proc. Zoological Society, London, p. 55. 1890. Lepralia turrita Kirxpatrick, Hydrozoa and Polyzoa from the China Sea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, vol. 5, p. 16. 1914. Holoporella turrita OspuRrN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Publi- cation Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 217. 1923. Holoporeila turrita Canu and BasstEeR, North American Later Ter- tiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Museum, p. 179, pl. 46, fig. 1. (ha = es Measurements.—Aperture\ piaie noe: mm. Structure —There are two sorts of opercula. The transverse ones appear to correspond to deep zooecia and the elongated ones to super- f \ o | Hey ee C E F f \ G Fic. 33—OPERCULA, X 85. A. HOLOPORELLA TUBULOSA, NEW SPECIES. B. Ho:- OPORELLA SUBALBA, NEW SPECIES. C, D. HOLOPORELLA TURRITA SMITT, 1873. E-G. HOLOPORELLA VAGANS BUSK, 1888. #. MANDIBLE. #F, G. OPERCULA B x ie) ficial zooecia. We have made the same observation in specimens from the Philippine Islands. Our specimens do not have the interzooecial avicularia figured by Smitt and which we have observed in the Philippine examples. Their presence appears to be in relationship with the tranquiility of the waters. Variations —The number and the dimensions of the stout spines are alone variable; there are generally four or five on the specimens from the Gulf of Mexico and from two to six on the Philippine speci- mens. The fossil specimen from the Pleistocene of Panama is very vigorous; its apertural width is 0.20 mm. In spite of the large number of specimens observed, the ovicell is not yet known. !” Biology —‘‘Color in life bright pink to brick red. The younger zooecia are separated by delicate, raised, white walls which are very conspicuous against the red color of the colony. The white points of the blunt spines are also strongly contrasted with the ground color.”’ (Osburn.) ll Smittia turrita Waters, 1883, is probably a distinct species of the Tridenticulata group. 58513—28——10 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 The colonies encrust corals, nullipores, sponges, and more rarely shells. The species is more abundant in shallow waters. The rich- ness of ornamentation is greater in calm waters. It is limited to the equatorial zone. Occurrence.—Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla., 40 fms. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 197 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’ W.; 143fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2365, east of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00’’ N.; 87° 04’ 00’’ W.; 24 fms.; white rock coral. Florida, 44-71 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 19-24 meters (Osburn). Geographic distribution.—China Sea, Tizard Reef, 43 meters; Philippines. Geologic distribution.—Pleistocene of Panama (Canu and Bassler). HOLOPORELLA SUBALBA new species Plate 25, Figures 1-6; text Figure 33) Description—The zoarium is lamellar, tubular, irregularly bifur- cated, little thickened, whitish. The zooecia are distinct, oriented in every direction, little erect; the frontal is smooth or somewhat eranular surrounded by scattered areolar pores; the pleurocyst develops above the aperture to form a kind of tubular peristomie, oblique, longer proximally. The aperture is semielliptic, transverse, without visible cardelles. The interzooecial avicularia are irregularly developed but always somewhat spatulated. The ovicell is opened wide above the aperture. {fha=0.12-0.15 mm. Measurements. Aperture), Hig salle! po eal Variations.—The tubular zoarial form is little explicable, for we have not a single specimen with an alga as its substratum. Some specimens encrust serpulae and are plurilamellar. On the colonies there are always some places where the cells are more erect. The deep zooecia are visible only through their peri- stomie and their peristomice. This species is very well characterized by its pleurocystal, Srhoutt and oblique peristomie, at the base of which there are always some areolar pores. Biology —The biology of the Cellepores is very difficult to under- stand, for, irregularity being the rule, it is impossible to explain the reason for the innumerable variations. Variations.—It is necessary to note some general observations. The interior of the tubes is always clean and does not contain a sin- gle parasite even in the waters where the larvae of the latter are abundant. One of our specimens is very significant; it is juxtaposed to a colony of Petraliella bisinuata, and although the interior face of ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER - 147 Peiraliella is occupied by several parasitic colonies of Smittina and of Gemellipora, the inferior face and interior of the Holoporella contains absolutely nothing. The zoarial development is very rapid; one of our colonies com- pletely suppressed a serpula on which the larva was fixed. Occurrence.—Albaiross Station D. 2362, east of Yucatan; 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; 86° 53’ 30’’ W.; 25 fms.; coral sand. Albatross Station D. 2363, east of Yucatan; 22° 07’ 30’’ N.; 87° 06’ 00’’ W.; 21 fms.; white rock coral. Albatross Station D. 2365, east of Yucatan; 22° 18’ 00’’ N.; 87° 04’ 00’’ W.; 24fms.; white rock coral. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7528, 7529, U.S.N.M. HOLOPORELLA (?) TUBULOSA, new species Plate 24, Figures 1-6; text Figure 33a Description.—The zoarium creeps over Serpulae and emits free cylindrical bifurcated branches, sometimes adjacent. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a salient thread, very large, oriented in every direction, not erect, elongated, irregular; the frontal is flat, formed of a granular tremocyst and of large expanded tremopores. The peristomie is thin, salient, tubular. The aperture is oval, the point toward the top very little embedded in the peristomie. The peristomie is thin, irregular, suborbicular, rarely indented proximally. {ha=0.18-0.20 mm. Ua =0.15-0.17 mm. fz=1.20 mm. lz=0.75 mm. Structure —Our micrometric measurements were taken on the most characteristic zooecia, but their form is generally indefinite and their dimensions variable. The operculum is transverse, although the aperture is a little elon- gated. Its form is that of Holoporella; the linear attachments may be confused with the lateral borders. Affinities.—This is a very divergent type in the genus Holoporella, for the cells are not accumulated. The long smooth peristomie approaches very much Coleopora, but the absence of the band around the operculum does not authorize the classification in this genus. The ovicell is not known. A single specimen from each locality has been found. The specimen from Habana was free. Occurrence —Albatross Station D. 2160, off Habana, Cuba; 23° 10’ ol NE 82-20) 37 We: lon ims. coral. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’ W.; 1438 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’ N.; 85° 02’ 00” W.; 30 fms. Cotypes—Cat. No. 7532, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Aperture Zooecia| 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 HOLOPORELLA VAGANS Busk, 1885 Plate 25, Figures 7-13; text Figure 33 e-g 1885. Cellepora vagans Busk, Polyzoa of Challenger. Report Results Voy- age Challenger, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 198, pl. 29, fig. 10; pl. 35, fig.11. ha=0.14-0.16 mm. la=0.16-0.18 mm. Length of avicularia =0.30-0.50 mm. Variations.—The characters of our specimens are in perfect accord with those Busk has given for his Cellepora vagans. The oral sinus is very small although the rimule of the operculum is very large The zooecia are surrounded by areolar pores. The small oral avicu- arium has a very salient beak. The marginal or ancestrular cells are oriented. Finally the interzocecial avicularia are long, rather thin with generally a linear mandible. Busk gave only a small figure and spoke little of the variations. Here the small specimens are orbicular. The largest are unilamellar and free, or perhaps they form small rods, increasing cylindrically without base of fixation. The interzooecial avicularia are a little enlarged at their beak and their mandible is somewhat spatulate. On the massive and tuberose colonies the tuberosities are formed by groups of large zooecia. Between these tuberosities there are groups of small zooecia in which the orifice measures only 0.10 by 0.14 mm. None of our specimens were ovicelled. The operculum does not: correspond to the form of the aperture. In spite of the apertural proximal sinus, the operculum shows the essential characters of Holo- porella. In view of this anomaly, we have made many preparations of specimens from different localities and all the opercula had the characteristic form of Holoporella with the two lateral bands. Affinities —In the form of the interzooecial avicularia this species is very close to Holoporella albirosiris Smitt, 1873. It differs from it in the presence of a small proximal sinus with aperture and in the absence of a large avicularian umbo. Biology.—The colonies have a beautiful flesh color. The larve fix themselves on small grains of solidified mud. The young colonies form small disks in which the maximum dimension is 10 mm. The older and larger colonies have forms incompatible with their devel- opment on the sea bottom. It is presumed that they escape from the bottom and are able to float with a certain ease. The absence of a base of fixation confirms this hypothesis. This phenomenon is not limited to the present species, but it can be observed on a very large number of massive and free species. It is necessary then to conclude that all the Cellepores have been floating colonies and that this is the principal cause for their irregular development. Their extreme lightness in dry condition is well known. Measurements.—Aperture| ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 149 We have not observed Bere ihe on the inferior face of our lamellar specimens. Occurrence.—¥Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida: 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Geographic distribution —Pacific: Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, 32-64 meters. Indian Ocean: Crozet Island, 340 meters. Plesictypes—Cat. Nos. 7530, 7531, U.S.N.M. Genus SCHISMOPORA MacGillivray, 1888 SCHISMOPORA DICHOTOMA Hincks, 1864 Plate 22, Figures 7-9; text Figure 34 1914, Cellepora dichotoma OsBpurn, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Pub- lication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 214. 1880. Ceilepora dichotoma Jeuuy, A synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 51 (Bibliography.) ha=0.12 mm. Measurements Aperture, 7” (ae oa OG: Variations —This is a species well known in the Temperate Zone and its presence in the eastern Atlantic has been noted from Norway to the Azores Islands. In the Western Atlantic it undergoes notable variations. Already at <> Beaufort, N.C., the zooecia are much shorter, less { ay a oriented, and the colonies have no more the vigor of the British specimens. In the Gulf of Mexico, _ ‘ Fig. 34.—SCHIZMOPORA as our figures show, as well as those of Smitt, 1873 — picuoroma Hincgs, 1864. (C. avicularis, p. 53), the zooecia are short and 0? 22CULUM AND MAN- 2 : DIBLE, X 85 very erect like those of more typical Cellepores. The colonies are more constantly arborescent and sometimes are lamellose. Finally the apertural dimensions are somewhat divergent. The operculum has a form identical with that Nordgaard figured in 1903,” but it is smaller and contains two muscular attachments distant from the border. Certainly the specimens from the Gulf of Mexico belong to a variety distinct from the northern type. Our specimens from the Pliocene of Panama are free, cylindrical, bifurcated; the zooecia and the avicularia very closely resemble the figure of Smitt, 1873 (C. avicularis); the width of the aperture (0.10 mm.) is almost that indicated by Smitt (0.09 mm.). These specimens, like the recent specimens from the Gulf of Mexico, scarcely resemble Ceilepora dichotoma of the northern seas, of which we have very fine specimens; they are far removed also from the variety discovered at Beaufort by Osburn. We give two photographs, for Hincks’s synonymy seems premature to us. 12 See Canu and Bassler, 1920 p. 599, fig. 178. 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 72 Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. Plesiotypes—Cat. Nos. 7588, 70855, U.S.N.M. Genus CELLEPORA ‘Linnaeus, 1767 CELLEPORA MINUTIPOROSA new species Plate 28, Figure 1 Description —The zoarium encrusts corals. The zooecia are dis- tinct, large, poorly oriented, little erect, noncumulate. The frontal is convex and covered with a large number of very small pores. The apertura is subcircular and bears a very broad, round rimule. The oral avicularium is triangular, ascending and adjacent to one side of the apertural rimule. The ovicell is recumbent, relatively small, not closed by the operculum. The interzooecial avicularium is large with spathulate mandible; there are other small avicularia with semicircular mandibles. ha=? Measurements —Aportura) 090 rar . {Lz2=1.40 mm. Recumbent zooecia\y~" 0.75110 Suan Affinities —Our specimens were dead and without chitinous organs, so that we have not been able to make a complete study of the species. Probably a special genus will be necessary in order to admit species with such structure and in which the cells are not heaped on top of one another. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2662, Atlantic; 29° 24’ 30” N.; 79° 43’ W.; 434 fms.; gray sand and broken shells. Holotype —Cat. No. 7474, U.S.N.M. Family LIRIOZOIDAE Levinsen, 1909 Genus PASYTHEA Lamouroux, 1812 (GEMELLIPORA Smitt, 1873, part) *Zooecium in the erect portion pinnate. Stem at first a double calcareous tube, then a succession of geminate zooecia of which two pairs constitute an internode, from the side of which equidistant, opposite pinnae, also composed of geminate zooecia, are given off at right angles. Zooecia geminate, closely connate, subcompressed, the oral portion subtubular and twisted round to opposite faces, front and back, in each pair. Surface smooth, entire, with a row of four to six punctae on each side and a few on the front. Peristome slightly thickened.”’ (Busk, 1874.) Genotype—Cellaria tuliprfera Ellis and Solander, 1786. Mstory—The names Pasythea Lamouroux, 1812, and Lnriozoa Lamarck, 1812, have been applied to the same species, Cellaria tulip- art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 151 ifera Ellis and Solander, 1786. Pasythea has been chosen by Busk, 1884, because of its priority. Smitt, 1873, discovered a similar spe- cies eburnea but placed it in his new genus Gemellipora, making it the genotype.’ Waters, 1899, recognized Smitt’s error and classed G. eburnea in Pasythea. In 1904 he retained the term Gemellipora with Gemellipora glabra Smitt, 1873, for the type, which MacGill- vray, 1895, and Maplestone, 1901, had already done before him. Levinsen, 1909, for these two species alone formed a distinct fam- ily Liriozoidae and two genera Gemellipora Smitt, 1873 (for G. ebur- nea), and Liriozoa Lamarck, 1812 (for L. tulipifera). The names are chosen in perfect accord with the rules of nomenclature. The char- acters observed by Levinsen in order to separate the two genera are clearly zoarial; the cells are arranged by threes in Liriozoa and by pairs in Gemellipora. We do not recognize this classification because the number of species is not sufficient and finally because the zooe- cial grouping does not appear to correspond to clearly differentiated functions. We now follow the simpler classification of Waters and later if the studies on the larvae of the two species, of their ovicells, of their anatomical characters, confirm the ideas of Levinsen we will be the first to admit it. PASYTHEA EBURNEA Smitt, 1873 Plate 8, Figures 11, 12 1873. Gemellipora eburnea Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vete enskaps-Akademiens Handlingar vol. 11, No. 4, p. 35, pl. 7, figs. 152-156 (not pl. 35, pl. 9, figs. 177, 178). 1885. Pasythea eburnea Busk, Polyzoa collected by Challenger. Results Voyage Challenger, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 5, pl. 34, fig. 1. 1899. Pasythea eburnea Waters, Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal Royal Microscopical Society, p. 12, pl. 3, fig. 22 (opercula). 1909. Gemellipora eburnea LEVINSEN, Studies on Cheilostomatous Bryo- zoa, p. 313. We have found only one fine specimen of this remarkable species and we have nothing to add to the excellent study of Busk, 1885. This author thought that the frontal pores are equivalent to the septules observed on the lateral walls of the zooecia in other cheilo- stomata. The small fragments of the frontal which we have photo- graphed seem to verify this. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2331, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ SLING 82519255.) We: 114 fms: coral. Florida, 275 meters (Smitt); Carribbean Sea, off Culebra Island, 631 meters (Busk); and off Som- brero Island, 729 meters (Busk). 13 “The name of the genus is chosen in reference to the colonial form of one of the Floridan species which may be named GQ. eburnea’’ (Smitt, 1872). 152 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Geographic distribution—Eastern Atlantic Gulf of Gascony: (Waters); Madeira (Waters). Western Atlantic: Off Barra Grande, Brazil, 658 meters (Busk). Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7566, U.S.N.M. Suborder HEXAPOGONA Canu and Bassler, 1927 Family MAMILLOPORIDAE Canu and Bassler, 1927 Following Waters, 1919, we have tried to place a little order in the classification of the Batopora-Mamillopora group. After the present studies on Mamillopora cupula and the studies that we have made on Philippine species we can state that the limits given by Waters to the genus Mamullopora are too great. In reality there are several genera perfectly distinguished by their opercula as well as their general structure. The known genera of this family are as follows: Mamillopora Smitt, 1873, Miocene—Recent. Fedora Jullien, 1882—Recent. Anoteropora Canu and Bassler, 1927, Pliocene—Recent. Stenosipora Canu and Bassler, 1927, Kocene (Lutetian, Priabonian). Kiondella Koschinsky, 1885, Hocene (Lutetian) and Oligocene (Vicksburgian). Praitia D’ Archiac, 1847, Eocene (Auversian). Ascosia Jullien, 1882—Recent. Genus MAMILLOPORA Smitt, 1873 1873. Mamillopora Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 33. The zoarium is cupuliform or conical and floating. The two faces are covered by mammillosities. The superior face contains only the aperture and its wide peristome. The aperture is subelliptical with two submedian cardelles. The peristome bears an elliptical or oval avicularium. The ovicelled zooecia are much larger. Genotype.—Mamuillopora cupula Smitt, 18738. Range.—Mhiocene (Burdigalian)—Recent. The other known species of the genus are as follows: Mamuillopora (Cupularia) bidenta Reuss, 1869 (according to Waters), Kocene (Priabonian). Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919, Miocene (Bowden). Mamillopora cavernulosa, new name (=M. tuberosa Canu and Bassler, part), Miocene (Costa Rica). MAMILLOPORA TUBEROSA Canu and Bassler, 1919 1919. Stichoporina tuberosa Canu and BassuterR, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies Bryozoa. Publication Carnegie Institution; Washington, No. 291, p. 98, pl. 7, figs. 1-8 (not plates 1 and 6 = Mamillopora cavernulosa and M. cupula). ant.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 153 1923. Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and BasstEerR, North American Later Ter- tiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Museum, p. 192, pl. 7, figs. 1-8 (not pl. 6, figs. 16-19). This species differs from the genotype in its much larger and more constant mammnillosities and in the presence of large hydrostatic cavi- ties on the inner face. Occurrence.—Miocene (Bowden); Bowden, Jamaica. MAMILLOPORA CAVERNULOSA, new name 1919. Stichoporina tuberosa Canu and Basstmr, Geology and Paleontclogy of the West Indies Bryozoa. Publication Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 291, p. 98, pl. 1, figs. 20-23 (not pl. 7 and 6). 1919. Stichoporina tuberosa Canu and BassuER, Geology and Paleontology of the Panama Canal Zone Bryozoa. Bull. 103, U. S. National Museum, p. 14, pl. 53, figs. 9-12. This species differs from the genotype in its smaller dimensions, its finely punctated ovicell, and in the presence of numerous hydro- static cavities on the inner face. Occurrence—Miocene (Gatun formation); Banana River, Costa Rica. MAMILLOPORA CUPULA Smitt, 1873 Plate 26, Figures 3-13; text Figure 35 1873. Mamillopora cupula Smirt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vet- enskaps Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 33, pl. 7, figs. 146, 147 a-c. 1919. Stichoporina tuberosa CaNu and BassueER (part), Geology and Paleon- tology of the West Indies Bryozoa. Publication Carnegie Insti- tution, Washington, No. 291, p. 98, pl. 6, figs. 16-19 (not pl. 1 and 7=Mamillopora cavernulosa and M. tuberosa). 1923. Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and BassuierR, North American Later Ter- tiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.§, National Museum». p. 192, pl. 6, figs. 16-19. Measurements.—Aperture of nonovicelledjha =0.14—-0.20 mm. zZ00eCia, \la=0.10-0.14 mm. Aperture of ovicelled zooeciayy 0:20 at la=0.16 mm. Structure —The colonies have a discoidal or conical form. Their diameter is rather variable and measures 7 mm. at the maximum. One of our conical specimens was dredged alive, and although dry it preserved its ectocyst and its opercula and was then perfectly inclosed. Plunging it in water, it floats with the point on top but completely immersed with the point touching the surface of the liquid. This is then a floating species like Conescharellina, but its position is inversed. Each colony is a small hydrostatic apparatus utilizing the principle of Archimedes as well as capillarity and adapting itself easily to various bathymetric exigencies of the oceanic depths. The cupuliform colonies float with much more difficulty. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 The seat of this hydrostatic apparatus is the interior face of the colonies. This is variable according to the form and size. The zooecia appear hexagonal, especially on specimens with the ectocyst; on others the character is little visible, and more often the cells are grouped in radial series. Hach hexagon bears small, hollow, very irregular elevations and either a very small avicularium or a large avicularium identical with those of the superior cellular face. The large avicularia are arranged in widely spaced circular series. This character is specific and permits one to easily distinguish the species in the fossil forms in spite of the great irregularity of the elevations. We have already shown that in many other genera of bryozoa these elevations are really hydrostatic, and we have here still another proof. The physiologic function of the avicularium is here impossible to establish. The small specimens are deprived of them and certain species do not have them at all. The most reasonable hypothesis is that they are organs of defense against parasitism, for on the 50 specimens observed none of them bears parasitic colonies. The longitudinal section shows that the cells are simple, erect hex- agons with bases somewhat convex. ‘This is a more simple architec- ture than that of Conescharellina and of Flabellopora, in which the bases are hexagonal pyramids. The aperture is large, provided with two cardelles, and is placed at the center of the superior base. It is surrounded by a very thick peristome and covered also by the small very irregular tuberosities, characteristic of the genus. ‘There is therefore a zooecial surface vis- ible, contrary to that observed in other genera of the family. The peristome always bears to the right or to the left an elliptical avicu- larium more or less salient, the pivot of which is indicated by two lateral denticles.. Smitt’s figure is incorrect, for the avicularium appears here as interzooecial, although it is always peristomial and is not visible at the interior. The ovicelled zooecia are wider than the adjacent zooecia; their aperture is also somewhat larger. The visible zooecial length is double, for they are formed of two cavities separated by a vertical partition. The proximal cavity is an ordinary zooecium, while the very large distal cavity is uniquely destined for the development of the embryos. The operculum closes the ovicell but it may fall and become supported on the separating partition, opening thus the ovicell for the escape of the larvae. This is really a kind of endozooecial ovicell, for the distal cavity occupies the place of another zooecium. This is another generic character that is not observed in other genera which have hyperstomial ovicells more or less embedded in the distal zoo0ecla. The operculum is much chitinized and bordered with a more or less broad and thick sclerite. It bears two broad linear attachments art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 155 outlining the two lucidae and attached to the marginal sclerite. The two lucidae indicate the place of the cardelles. A transverse and thick sclerite placed below the axis of rotation serves probably as attachment for one of the walls of the compensatrix. The dimen- sions are not constant, for the aperture increases in size from the center to the circumference. The ancestrula is frequently a zooecium larger than the adjacent zooecia; it is surrounded by six smaller zooecia, but their structure is identical and normal. Biology—Mamillopora cupula is a floating species. It has not been dredged in the high seas and appears to prefer the vicinity of the shores. The geometric regularity indicates that it can easily turn on its axis either to accomodate itself to the aquatic movements or to search for nourishment. It can at its pleasure rise or descend, but it is absolutely deprived of organs of motion. In our sections we have not discovered a substratum for the fixation of the larva, as in Conesch- arellina or Flabellopora. ‘The larva is not fixed then (as in Lunulites) but it is transformed into a sSwim- Fig. 35.—MAMILLOPORA CUPULA SMITT, 1873. ming larva. This is a very curious A-C, THREE FORMS OF OPERCULA, X 85 phenomenon, indicating a larval structure very different from that of the other bryozoa. The discovery of the larva is therefore very desirable. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’? N.; 85° 02’ 00’? W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla.; 40 fms. Albatross Station D. 2411, Gulf of Mexico; 26° 33’ 30’’ N.; 83° 15’ 30’’ W.; 27 fms.; fine white sand, black specks. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Florida, 48-110 meters (Smitt). Miocene: Rio Cana, Santo Domingo. Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 7541, 7542, U.S.N.M. Family CHAPERIIDAE Jullien, 1888 Genus CHAPERIA Jullien, 1888 CHAPERIA GALEATA Busk, 1852 1923. Chaperia galeata Canu and BassureR, North American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, United States National Museum, p. 52, pl. 34, figs. 8-10. (Bibliography, geologic and geographic distribution.) Our specimens are ovicelled, ectocysted and ornamented with their distal spines. They are rare. 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 72 Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Order CYCLOSTOMATA Busk The poverty of the Cyclostomatous fauna in the recent seas is more apparent than real. The great difficulty of determination causes authors to neglect the difficult, incomplete, or very rare speci- mens. In reality the species are rather abundant but they are rarely represented by a sufficient number of specimens for detailed study. For the Gulf of Mexico region, Smitt cites 11 species and Osburn, 1914, 2 only, of which 1 is new for the area. We describe or cite 15 species in this work, 11 of which are new. The total is now 28 species. This number is not complete, for we have neglected seven species, unfortunately represented by unique specimens or those not in a condition for study. From the point of view of the paleontologist, a knowledge of the cyclostomatous bryozoa is absolutely indespensable and the neglect of the study of the recent species is much to be regretted. Family CRISIIDAE Johnston, 1847 Genus CRISIA Lamouroux, 1816 CRISIA DENTICULATA Lamarck, 1812 Plate 30, Figure 4 1838. Crisia denticulata Mitne Epwarps, Mémoires sur les Crisies. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 9, pl. 7, fig. 1. 1873. Crisia eburnea Smarr, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 1 to 4 (not 5). 1891. Crisia denticulata Harmer, On the British species of Crisia. Quart- erly Journal Microscopical Science, vol. 32, p. 129, pl. 12, figs. 1-3. (Bibliography.) 1914. Crisia denticulata OspurRN, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Publi- cation Carnegie Institution No. 182, p. 185. ; The segments collected are few in number but their determination does not appear doubtful. The restrictions made by Osburn are well founded. The joints are black. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2317, north of Cuba; 24° 25’ 45’’ N.; 81° 46’ 45’’ W.; 45 fms.; coral. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Florida, 11-97 meters (Smitt); Tortugas, 16-24 meters (Osburn). ant.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 157 CRISIA ELONGATA Milne Edwards, 1838 Plate 30, Figure 3 1838. Crisia elongata MILNE Epwarps, Mémoires sur les Crisies. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, ser. 2, vol 9, p. 10, pl. 7, fig. 2. This species is well characterized by the great length of the seg- ments, which may bear 26 to 30 tubes. Our specimens are very sim- ilar to the figure of Milne Edwards, but their micrometric dimensions vary visibly from the dimensions given by Waters, 1914, for specimens from British East Africa. We have figured the ovicell. Occurrence —Albaiross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almi- rante Bay, Panama. Plesiotypes —Cat. No. 7481, U.S.N.M. CRISIA species Plate 30, Figures 1, 2 We have discovered a curious segment with white joints. It is close to a variety of C. denticulata figured by Hincks, 1880, but its dimensions appear larger. We figure the specimen and believe that it belongs to a new species, although we are not able to give it a detailed description. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Family DIASTOPORIDAE Gregory, 1899 Forma PROBOSCINA Audouin, 1826 In the different Gulf of Mexico localities studied we have collected seven species of Stomatopora and Proboscina which are represented by such unique and incomplete specimens that their description would be doubtful and useless to science. PROBOSCINA ROBUSTA, new species Plate 30, Figure 7 Description —The zoarium encrusts sponges. It is formed of long biserial branches, straight or undulated; the angle of divergence is small. The tubes are short, striated transversely, terminated by a very salient peristomie. The peristome is thin and orbicular. Measurements —Diameter of orifice, 0.20 mm. Diameter of peristome, 0.24 mm. Distance of peristomes, 0.80 mm. Diameter of branches, 0.64 mm. 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 72 Affinities —The figured specimen only has been found but it was interesting to us because of its great vigor. Proboscina parviangulata Canu and Bassler, 1920, can alone be compared with it but it differs from that species in its more closely spaced peristomes and in the occasional presence of paired tubes. The branches enlarge before bifurcating and they bear three or four rows of tubes. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 107 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Holotype-—Cat. No. 7572, U.S.N.M. Family ONCOUSOECIIDAE Canu, 1918 Genus ONCOUSOECIA Canu, 1918 ONCOUSOECIA ARCUATA, new species Plate 31, Figure 2 Description.—The zoarium encrusts shells; the branches are long, somewhat arched, claviform, mono to triserial. ‘The tubes are thin, rather long, little visible, striated transversely. The peristome is thin, orbicular, littlesalient. The ovicell is globular, as wide as the branches; the oeciostome is terminal, a little smaller than the peristome. Measurements. —Diameter of orifice, 0.10 mm. Diameter of peristome, 0.12 mm. Distance of peristomes, 0.72 mm. Diameter of branches (at the extremity), 0.60 mm. This species is very well characterized by its globular ovicells. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Holotype.—Cat. No. 7564, U.S.N.M. Genus PERISTOMOECIA Canu and Bassler, 1920 PERISTOMOECIA FLORIDANA, new species Plate 31, Figures 6-9 Description.—The zoarium encrusts dead shells; the branches are formed of small successive palm-shaped areas and are dichotomous. The tubes are visible, cylindrical, striated transversely, terminated by a very long free and erect peristome. The peristome is thin, orbicular, or oval. The ovicell is orbicular, convex, with a small salient oeciostome at the center. Measurements —Diameter of orifice, 0.06 mm. Diameter of peristome and of tubes, 0.08—0.10 mm. Separation of peristomes, 0.50 mm. Distance of peristomes, 0.50 mm. Affinities —All the Berenicea forms resemble each other, and when the micrometric dimensions are close their differentiation 1s very dificult. In order to separate them accurately it is necessary to: art.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 159 know the variations of the zoarial form, the ovicell and its deforma- tions, and the protoecium which is almost always destroyed. There are no recent species in which all these characters have been carefully studied and figured. Their comparison is therefore quite useless. Here the free peristome attains almost to 0.50 mm. in length; it is very fragile and is broken on dead or dried specimens. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Cotypes—Cat. No. 7567, U.S.N.M. Family PLAGIOECIIDAE Canu, 1918 Genus PLAGIOECIA Canu, 1918 PLAGIOECIA DISPAR, new species Plate 31, Figure 10 Description.—The zoarium is orbicular; it encrusts small dead shells. ‘The tubes are distinct, separated by a furrow or by a thread, cylindrical with a little salient and very oblique peristome. The peristome is thin, orbicular, or oval. The ovicell is very long, quite convex, not marginal. Measurements.—Diameter of orifice, 0.05 mm. Diameter of peristome, 0.07 mm. Distance of tubes, 0.44 mm. Separation of tubes, 0.30 mm. Affinities —This species is well characterized by the subcentral place of its ovicell, contrary to the general rule. In the length of this ovicell, it approaches Diastopora lactea Calvet, 1903, but differs from it in the absence of concentric wrinkles on the colonies and in the somewhat smaller micrometric measurements. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Holotype —Cat. No. 7571, U.S.N.M. PLAGIOECIA SARNIENSIS Norman, 1864 Plate 34, Figure 10 1889. Diastopora sarniensis J ELLY, A synonymic catalogue of Marine Bryo- z0a, p. 85. (Bibliography.) 1907. Diastopora sarniensis CALVET, Bryozoaires. Expedition scientifique Travaileur et Talisman, p. 415. (Bibliography.) Our specimen encrusts a fragment of shell and is ovicelled. This is a cosmopolitan species. Occurrence.—Pliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almi- rante Bay, Panama. Geographic distribution Eastern Atlantic: British Channel. Med- iterranean and Adriatic. Pacific: Queen Charlotte Islands, Austra- lian shores, China Sea. Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 70852, U.S.N.M. 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 72 Genus ENTALOPHORA Lamouroux, 1821 ENTALOPHORA PROBOSCIDEOIDES Smitt, 1872 Plate 34, Figure 11 1872. Pustulopora proboscideoides Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiems, vol. 10, p. 11, pl. 4, figs. 26, 27. Affinities —Smitt compared his species with a species of Gabb and Horn, 1862 (p. 170, pl. 21, fig. 60a), found in the Eocene of Alabama. The figure of the American authors represents a very small fragment, and it is very difficult to be certain of the identification, since we have not discovered an analogous specimen in our immense amount of material from Eocene and Miocene localities. Our specimens are quite similar to the figures of Smitt. Occurrence—Recent: Florida, 110 meters (Smitt). Pliocene: Min- nitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Plesiotypes —Cat. No. 70839, U.S.N.M Family MECYNOECIIDAE Canu, 1918 Genus MECYNOKECIA Canu, 1918 MECYNOECIA DEFLEXA Smitt, 1872 Plate 31, Figure 1 1872. Entalophorea defleca Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, p. 11, pl. 5, figs. 28-30. The synonymy of this species is in controversy, but as our materials are not sufficient we have abstained from making any criticism. Our specimens conform to Smitt’s figures. We have been rather fortunate to discover a base which we have figured. Up to the present the species appears restricted to America around Florida. Occurrence.—Aibatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 007’ N.; 85°02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Gulf of Mowiog, Eemont Te Florida; Florida, 26 meters (Smitt). Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7553, U.S.N.M. Family DIAPEROECIIDAE Canu, 1918 Genus DIAPEROECIA Canu, 1918 DIAPEROECIA RADICATA Kirkpatrick, 1888 Plate 31, Figures 3-5 1872. Idmonea milneana Stitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, p. 8, pl. 3, figs. 14-17. Variations —Most of our specimens correspond well to Smitt’s fig- ures; the tubes, nonadjacent, are arranged in oblique rows to the Anv.14. FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—-CANU AND BASSLER 161 number of three, but, as Smitt has already noted, there are only one or two tubes per row on certain small branches. Moreover, we found specimens having a larger number of tubes on the branches; they have a more idmoneiform aspect, although they never present true alternating fascicles. In the two cases the ovicell is always the same. It belongs to the Diaperoecia type with central oeciostome. The latter is curved toward the base in a contrary direction to the peristome of the adja- cent tubes. The tube which engenders the ovicell is always placed in the immediate vicinity of the median longitudinal axis of the branch. Here the oeciostome is indeed specific, and we have not observed. very important variations on our specimens. On the other idmonei- form species of this genus (Diaperoecia pulcherrima Kirkpatrick, 1890) its form is very different. The decoration of the tubes is not as beautiful as in specimens from the Philippines where the specimens are highly ornamented. We attribute this phenomenon to the great calm of the waters of the Pacific, while in the vicinity of Florida the passage of the Gulf Stream profoundly modifies the fauna. The species was in reproduction March 15, 1885. Occurrence —Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, bro- ken coral. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida; 25° 04’ 50’’ N.; 80° 15’ 10’’ W.; 56 fms.; coral sand. Gulf of Mexico, Egmont Key, Fla. Florida, 19-97 meters (Smitt). Plesiotypes—Cat. No. 7488, U.S.N.M. Genus DIPLOSOLEN Canu, 1918 DIPLOSOLEN OBELIUM Johnston, 1838 Plate 31, Figure 11 1889. Diasiopora obelia Jetty, A synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 83. (Bibliography.) 1896. Diastopora obelia Neviant, Briozoi Postpliocenici di Spilinga. Atti Accademia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 60. (Bibliogra phy.) 1901. Diastopora obelia NEVIANI, Bryozoi neogenici delle Calabrie. Palaeon- tographia Italica, vol. 6, p. 240. (Local bibliography.) 1905. Diastopora obelia Neviant, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare. Bollettine Societa Geologica Italiana, vol. 23, p. 551. 1907. Diasiopora obelia Cauvet, Bryozoaires. Expédition scientifique Travailleur et Talisman, p. 464. (Complementary bibliography.) The study of the bibliography of this species will certainly give good biologic information. Its discovery to the south of North 58513—28——11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 72 America is very important. As it has not yet been discovered among the fossils, we must conclude that it arrived here only in the recent epoch. However, the genus Diplosolen is know since the Jacksonian. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2321, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; 82° 18’ 00’’ W.; 230 fms.; fine gray sand. Geologic distribution —Helvetian of Touraine, France (Canu ¢ollec- tion) Tortonian of Hungary (U. 8. National Museum); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani). Pleistocene of Italy (Neviani, Sequenza). Geographic distribution —Northern Hemisphere, where it inhabits the principal seas; Spitzberg, Sea of Kara, Nova Zembla, Greenland, Jean Mayen (Gulf of St. Lawrence) Scandinavian, Danish and Brit- ish coasts and English Channel, Guif of Gascony, Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Plesiotypes —Cat. Nos. 7489, 7490, U.S.N.M. Genus CRISULIPORA Robertson, 1910 CRISULIPORA ORIENTALIS, new species Plate 29, Figures 3-8 Description —The zoarium is attached to floating bodies; it is artic- ulated and formed of claviform bi to tri furcate segments in which the noncellular face is plain or concave. The tubes are distinct, separated by a furrow, finely striated transversely by lines of punc- tations, terminated by a long, free, arched and erect peristome. The peristome is thin and orbicular. Measurements —Diameter of peristome, 0.14 mm. Maximum length of peristome, 0.56 mm. Distance of peristomes, 0.80 mm. Separation of peristomes, 0.72 mm. Maximum length of segments, 7.00 mm. Maximum width of segments, 3.00 mm. Affinities —Like the other species of this genus, this species is attached to floating algae; the colonies are not bushy. They creep in the manner of Proboscina but remain free. The rounded substratum is the cause of the dorsal concavity of the segments. ‘The species differs from Orisulipora occidentalis Robertson, 1910, in the concave form of the dorsal of the segments, in the flabellated segments, and in the smaller micrometric dimensions. It differs from Crisulipora flabellata Canu and Bassler, 1920, in its much larger and broader segments and in the greater length of the free peristomes. The genus begins in the Vicksburgian of Alabama and we have described four species. The simultaneous presence on the western and eastern shores of the United States is proof of the ancient com- ART. 14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—CANU AND BASSLER 163 munication between the Pacific and the Atlantic and that the Isthmus of Panama is of relatively recent formation. The genus Crisulipora appears to be a genus purely American, for it has not yet been observed on the other continents. Occurrence—Gulf of Mexico, Egmont Key, Fla. Cotypes—Cat. No. 7837, U.S.N.M. Family HORNERIDAE Gregory, 1899 Genus HORNERA Lamouroux, 1821 HORNERA GALEATA Smitt, 1872 1872. Hornera galeata Smitr, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- skaps Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, p. 10, pl. 4, figs. 23-25. Occurrence —Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Florida, 296 meters (Smitt). Family LICHENOPORIDAE Smitt, 1866 Genus LICHENOPORA Defrance, 1823 LICHENOPORA RADIATA Audouin, 1826 Plate 29, Figures 1, 2 1889. Lichenopora radiata Jeuuy, A synomymic Catalogue of the Marine Bryozoa, p. 1387. 1923. Lichenopora radiata Canu and BassteR, North American Later Ter- tiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U.S. National Museum, p. 204, pl. 44, fig. 10. (Bibliography, geographic and geologic distribution.) Our specimens are rare, but their discovery is important because it exemplifies the great vigor of the species. It is universal as far as the polar circle and its geologic distribution is considerable since the Miocene proving the great instability of the oceanic shores. Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 37’” N.; 82° 20’ 06’’ W.; 143 fms.; gray coral. Albatross Station D. 2334, north OF Cuba; 23°40" 42” N.; 82° 18’ 24’’ W.; 67 fms.; white coral. Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 7539, U.S.N.M. LICHENOPORA BUSKI? Harmer, i915 Plate 29, Figure 9 For the bibliography and discussion, see our Philippine volume. Variations. —The figured specimens show all the zooecial characters of Lichenopora buski Harmer, 1915. However, the colony is twice as large, with a considerably larger number of radial rows of tubes. As we have not discovered the ovicell, we have not judged it wise to consider it a new species. Our specimen encrusted a colony of Stylopoma spongiies; it was dead and deprived of an ectocyst. 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 72 Occurrence.—Albatross Station D. 2320, north of Cuba; 23° 10’ 39’ N.; 82° 18’ 48’ W.; 130 fms.; fine coral. Plesiotype-——Cat. No. 7540, U.S.N.M. LICHENOPORA BUSKIANA, new name Plate 34, Figures 7, 8 1875. Discoporella californica Busx, Catalogue Marine Polyzoa British Museum, pt. 3, Cyclostomata, p. 32, pl. 30, fig. 5. In 1923 (p. 203) we noted that Lichenopora californica of Conrad, 1855, and of Robertson, 1910, was neither the species of Busk, 1875, nor of D’Orbigny, 1852, and we preserved Conrad’s name, D’Or- bigny’s specimen not having been figured yet. We now take the occasion to change Busk’s species to Lichenopora buskiana, new name. Our determination is a little doubtful, for the specimen is incompletely developed and very small, but it has the characters cited by Busk in his diagnosis, ‘‘zoarium thick; fasciculi much raised and biserial; mouths of cells less than the cancelli.”’ The veinules between the cancelli on the figure of Busk are here also quite visible. It is interesting to discover in the Pliocene of Panama a species not observed in the Gulf of Mexico, but which lives in the Pacific. In addition to this one, we have already noted Callopora curvirostris Hincks, 1881, Yremopora radicifera Hincks, 1881, and Hippopodina feegensis Busk, 1884. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama seems, therefore, quite recent. Occurrence —Pliocene; Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, northwest Panama. Holotype—Cat. No. 70847, U.S.N.M. Genus DOMOPORA D’Orbigny, 1847 DOMOPCRA FLORIDANA, new species Plate 30, Figures 5, 6 The small specimen which we figure contains only two superposed colonies. The center is concave and occupied by large polygonal cancelli. The tubes are open on the circumference. ‘They are adja- cent and form little salient, indistinct, longitudinal lines separated by polygonal cancelli of the same diameter. This specimen was fixed on anullipore. Our object in publishing this figure was to show the persistence in the recent seas of the zoarial form observed fre- quently in the ancient seas of the Cretaceous and Tertiary. We have discovered another species of Domopora in the Philippines. The extreme rarity of the material studied does not permit us, unfortunately, to make a scientific study of the ancient genus Domopora. Occurrence —Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico; 28° 45’ 00” N.; 85° 02’ 00” W.; 30 fms.; gray sand, broken coral. Holotype-—Cat. No. 7491, U.S.N.M. arr.14 FOSSIL AND RECENT BRYOZOA—OANU AND BASSLER 165 Family TUBULIPORIDAE J ohnston, 1838 Genus IDMONEA Lamouroux, 1821 IDMONEA ATLANTICA Forbes, 1847 Plate 34, Figure 9 Small but well-preserved examples of this widespread species have been found in the Panama Pliocene deposits. Occurrence.—FPliocene: Minnitimmi Creek, Bocas Island, Almirante Bay, Panama. Plesiotypes—Cat. No. 70845, U.S.N.M. PLATES EXPLANATION OF PLATES PuaTe 1 Ere. 1, Aectea truncata Landsboroush 85202 Sak eee ee ee eee Specimen incrusting a shell; X 20. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. OF Aetea: svca: Cou ly WG a a se RU iG Creeping portion of zoarium; X 20. Albaiross Station D. 2672, Atlantic, east of Georgia. 3) Levinseneiia bnasivensis: Busk 1884 0a 22 002 Se eee A branch with ectocyst and ovicells preserved; X< 20. Albatross Station D. 2117, Caribbean Sea. 4, Niischeina membranacea Linnaeus, 1766_._____._._..--------__- Specimen with ectocyst, deformed in drying; < 20. Albatross Station D. 2782, off Chili, South America. 5,6. Acanthedesia savarti Savigny-Audouin, 1826__________--------- 5. Surface of zoarium, < 20, showing the characteristic serrate denticle. 6. Tangential section illustrating structure of zooecial walls; < 8&5. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 4-9, Cupuladria canariensis) Dusk) (852222 3222s Sek ee 7. Young zoarium, X< 20, illustrating central zooecia. 8. Marginal zooecia; < 20. 9. Inner face without ectocyst, showing the large pores; x 20. Albaiross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 166 51 26 18 14 15 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 14 PL. 1 BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE FACING 58513—28——12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 14 PL. 2 BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE FACING PLATE 2 Fies. 1-3. Quadricellaria caraibica, new species._._____.----_._---______-_ 1. Segment showing side with small cells and articulation with another segment; < 20. 2, 3. Two segments exhibiting side with large cells; > 20. Albatross Station D. 2136, Caribbean Sea. 4,5. Aplousina tuberosa, new species_______-.___-____._-________ 4, Portion of the incrusting zoatium with large zooecia and showing the two tubercles arranged on each side of the ovicell; 20. 5. Specimen with small zooecia; < 20. Some of the nonovicelled zooecia are tuberose. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 6. Aplousina gigantea Canu and Bassler, 1927__-_.____________ The incrusting zoarium showing small endozooecial ovi- gelllss X< 20: Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 7. Membrendoecium strictorostris, new species_.____-__------___ Surface of the incrusting zoarium showing ordinary, ovi- celled, and regenerated zooecia and the long narrow avicularia; xX 20. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba. S-ll. Hincksina pertporosa, new species_-----_____, __.-_-______. 8. Portion of the incrusting zoarium in nie two zooe- ciules are transformed into monstrous zooecia; 20. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 9. Ovicelled zooecia showing also zooeciules and interjunc- tural pores as well as one regenerated zooecium; 20. 10. Ovicelled and normal zooecia showing the arrangement of the opesial spines. 11. Ancestrula and ancestrular zooecia. Calcified and regenerated zooecia are present; X 20. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba. 167 Page 17 PLATE 3 Bies. 1,2: Marssonopora uncifera, new Species.—-_ 22222222). 5 see eee 1. The incrusting zoarium showing the stoloniferous zooeciules; 20. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba. 2. Specimen showing the unguiculate spines and the independent existence of the stoloniferous zooeciules which can branch among themselves; & 20. The ovicells are hyperstomial. Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba. Bo. ACER OpRapulenos Sreatih, USI ooo Normal and ovicelled zooecia; 20. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 4. Calloporartenuinosintsmelinelk seals 0 ees eee ee Portion of the incrusting, ovicelled zoarium showing the ancestrula. The ancestrular zooecia are smaller than the marginal zooecia (not figured); x 20. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida. 5.0, (CroordinG WCCO. WE) SNCS saeco Soe b eee sooo Seek seen oe 5. Incrusting linear branches; 20. 6. View showing structure of the costules; x 85. Albatross Station D. 2152, northwest of Habana Light. 7. Callopora pumicosa, new species_--____.___________--__-__- The incrusting zoarium with some ovicelled and regener- ated zooecia; < 20. The zooecia are dispersed over a porous calcareous pellicle. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida. Se CalloporaicaudatassMews SPCClES mee ee ee ere The incrusting uniserial zooecia branching at right angles; x 20. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba. 9,10. Callopora curvirostris Hincks, 1861_---------_-_---_----_-=--- 9. Incrusting zoarium with small zooecia, some of which are regenerated; * 20. The falciform avicularia are embedded in special zooecia. Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba. 10. Ovicelled zoarium with large zooecia; 20. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba. 11. Antropora pustulata, new species. (See also pl. 16, fig. 12.) -- Zooecia; X20. Albatross Station D. 2321, north of Cuba. 27 31 38 33 34 32 24 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 14 PL. 3 BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE FACING U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 14 PL. 4 BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE FACING PLATE 4 Fies. 1,2. Membraniporella petasus, new species_____________________-_ 1. Ovicelled specimen with smooth costules; 20. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba. 2. The incrusting zoarium showing ancestrular zooecia with thickened costules; x 20. Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba. 3-8. Cauloramphus opertus, new species. _______________.__-_--_-_ 3. Specimen with ectocyst, covered by its opesial spines; xX 20. 4, Same specimen after boiling in Javelle water; x 20. 5. A zooecium viewed by transparency showing the opesium covered with opesial spines; 50. 6. View showing structure of pedunculate avicularium; x 85: 7,8. Views showing structure of distal spines; 85. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. ONO Acanthocella clypeata, mew species. - 22-200) 2 2s ees 9. The broken part of the frontal showing the presence of the ectocyst under the costules and the membran- iporoid structure of the zooecia; 20. 10. A portion of the frontal showing the structure of the costules. The lumen line has much thickened walls; x 85. Albatross Station D. 2373, Gulf of Mexico. NGC DRYUNOLESTS DUNOSUM New, SPCCICS = =12 = sae et aye a nas The incrusting zoarium illustrating spinous aspect of sur- face; X 20. Albatross Station D. 2319, north of Cuba. Wis EGLO NG AOMISHOROEO (Cai, IY Ss oe An ovicelled branch with the ectocyst altered in drying. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. Slab ugula quicularia EANMACUS Lio S 22 sea ee we ayes ue eee 13. Anterior face; < 20. 14. Posterior face; x 20. Albatross Station 2392, Gulf of Mexico. 169 35 39 29 42 41 PLATE 5 Page Figs. 1-3. Rectonychocella abyssicola Smitt, 1873_______________-_____. 53 1. Incrusting zoarium, < 3, showing free vincularian eXpansions. 2. A portion of the same zoarium in the vicinity of the ancestrula; x 20. 3. Zooecia, < 20, of another zoarium, some distance from the ancestrula. Albatross Station D. 2152, northwest of Habana Light. 4-8. Dacryonella typica, new species________.___--__------------ 57 4, Ordinary zooecia of the incrusting zoarium; x 20. 5. Group of small zooecia on an ovicelled specimen; x 20. 6. Extremity of a zoarium showing the great irregularity of the marginal zooecia; 20. 7. Group of zooecia with large opesiular indentations; x 20. 8. Another group of zooecia; > 20. Albatross Stations D. 2319, and D. 2320, north of Cuba. 9-14. Dendrobeania lamellosa, new species_____________--____-___- 41 9. Anterior face of an ovicelled frond; X 20. 10. Posterior face showing the mode of branching; x 20. 11, 12. Structure of articulated opesial spines; < 25 and X 85. 13, 14. Structure of the pedunculated avicularium; X 25 and x 50. Albatross Station D. 2354, east of Yucatan. 170 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART, 14 PL. 5 BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE FACING PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 72, ART. 14 PL. 6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE FACiNG PLATE 6 Page HIGH HLOnUd Ina antitvqua smitt, ISidee a. . 2s ee ee eae 60 The incrusting zoarium showing typical features; < 20. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 2-5, Cupularaa cone: IDX Ohdoreatyy, opis aa Ee ee 64 2. Lateral view of a colony having few initial zooecia; x 20. 3. Superior view (apex) of a colony with initial zooecia; x 20. There are eight zooecia around the ances- trula. 4. Tuberose base of a colony; X 20. 5. Lateral view of a colony having numerous initial cells; x 20. Albatross Station D. 2639, Straits of Florida. 6,7. Floridinella typica, new species_____________-________-.._.__+ 59 6. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, with ectocyst removed. 7. Zooecia covered by ectocyst and showing the inter- zooecial tuberosities; < 20. The opercular valve is supported on the mural rim. Atlantic Ocean, 15 miles south of Miama, Fla. Se LONUGLIUCLL On ATU ULA ME Wi SDCCLOS= =e sae ee ee ee 59 The incrusting zoarium showing the small trifoliate zoo- ecia; X20. Albatross Station 2639, Straits of Florida. 9,10. Velumella americana, new species______---__-_--------------- 54 9. The incrusting zoarium with ovicells; * 20. Some- times the onychocellaria have lost their mandibles. 10. Zoarium in which many of the zooecia are covered by the ectocyst; X 20. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 171 PLATE 7 Brassi—3) Cupularia wmbellatasDefrance. (823) = eee 64 1. Hydrostatic zooecia; X 20. 2. Interior face; 20. 3. Marginal zooecia; 20. Florida Keys, Gulf of Mexico. 4-7. Siphonoporella dumonti, new species ______..-____._________- 68 4. Interior of a colony, showing the oblique position of the polypidian tube; < 20. 5. A compressed frond with the ectocyst preserved. The B zooecium has the opercular mandible; x 20. 6. Cylindrical specimen without ectocyst showing the place of the polypidian tube (=siphon) B zooecium with opercular mandible present; 20. 7. Cylindrical specimen with ectocyst; < 20. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. S10. Steganoporella magnilabiis buSkw So. ee 64 8. Photograph of the retractor muscles; X 85. 9. Specimen with ectocyst; < 20. The small symmetric concavities of the ectucyst indicate the place of the opesiular muscles. 10. Zooecia, X 20, without ectocyst. Atlantic Ocean, Fowey Light, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla. 172 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 14 PL. 7 BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE FACING U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 72, ART. 14 PL. 8 BRYOZOA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE FACING PLATE 8 Hicmlemscpnonoponella gnanulosa, News SPCClICS == 9.525 sass sae asso The incrusting zoarium illustrating the granular crypto- cyst; * 20. Atlantic Ocean, 15 miles south of Miami, Fla. 2. 3, Mola WoCGPOG SoM, MSs 4s eee ee ee eee ees 2. The incrusting zoarium with normal and ovicelled zo- oecia; X< 20. 3. Inferior face showing the small tuberosities bearing the small radicular fibers; 20. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. Ae UifOnellaniay reticulata, NeW, SPCCIGS 2) 5 2 sa. eee Se Ee The incrusting zoarium with ovicelled zooecia and showing the reticulation of the zooecial frontal; x 20. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. 5, 6. Trypostega venusia Norman, 1864_______-_-_-_--------------- 5. The incrusting zoarium with ovicelled zooecia; X 20. 6. A zooecium viewed by transparency and showing the structure of the frontal and the form of the aperture; xX 85. Albatross Station D. 2405, Gulf of Mexico. ECOL UKONELLOTUG (iVeErgens Smith.) LOtoe= == == sees oe eee 7. Surface of the incrusting zoarium; 20. 8. Structure of the frontal, an olocyst with radial fibers; x 85. Albatross Station D. 2167, off Habana, Cuba. OS Celanaxvodosa., WewsnaMen == 2224. hie eee eee 9. Portion of a segment showing the large avicularium; x 20. 10. Fragment of an ovicelled segment; X 20. The nod- osity bears the much larger ovicelled zooecium. Albatross Station D. 2388, Gulf of Mexico. INI, [PGS COURT rao ty AS Oe ee eee _ Principal and secondary branches; > 1 and 20. Albatross Station D. 2331, north of Cuba. 173 Page 69 69 89 Ot 88 “I bo Figs. 1-4. 174 . Gemelliporidra aculeata, new species . Hippodiplosia pertusa Esper, 1794 . Hippadenella floridana, new species PLATE 9 Schizopodrella incrassata, new species_-__ == 2-225 225 eee 1. Fragment of a colony with two coalescent fronds;